Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako

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&lt;!-- Discussion notice starts --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #ff0; margin: 0 0 3px 0; padding: 0 2px 0 2px;&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia talk:Ogbako Ọtú|'''Ihü ákíkó''']] dị maka okwu. Biko doséré okwu ébéahụ. Omemé gi detụ na ihü nkà.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Header bar starts --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; id=&quot;siteNotice&quot;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Requests_for_Adminship|Requests for Adminship]] | [[Wikipedia:Request_for_Bot_status|Request for Bot approval]] | [[:Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing _translation|Articles for Translation]] | [[:Category:Article nke ntakiri|Articles needing expansion]]&lt;/div&gt;

{{Íshí Nzọr Inglish}}
{{Ihe Anyi gi me}}

==Administrator access==
I would like to be an administrator on this Igbo wikipedia. '''[[User:Ukabia|Álúsí Wikipedia Ìgbo]]''' - [[User talk:Ukabia|okwú na ókà]] 17:21, 10 Önwa Asaa 2011 (UTC)

I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in order to fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve the main page etc. [[Ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|Blossom Ozurumba]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|talk]]) 11:36, 1 Önwa Asáto 2017 (UTC)


I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in organizing the page,  fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve articles etc. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo | Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|talk]]) 17:35, 1 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)

&lt;br&gt;
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[[Category:Wikipedia]]
I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in correcting certain misspelt words which change the meaning of words in Igbo and hence reduce the interpretation and make the page difficult to use. 
--[[Ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|Chioma Onyema]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|talk]]) 08:46, 6 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC)

== Improving the translation support for the Igbo Wikipedia ==

''Sorry about not being able to write in Igbo. I hope someone can translate this!''

[[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]].

Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]].

Igbo Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Igbo Wikipedia and support new ways to translate.

As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Igbo Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences.

Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread.

Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 13:04, 4 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)

Wwyx

Ụmụ nnem na ụmụ nnam, edeyerem akwụkwọ na meta wikipedia ka fa nyem ikike ma ye kwam ego ịji new ruọ oru. Biko kwado nu mu. Ebe ịga afu ya bu na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Female_Creators_on_Igbo_Wikipedia --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 07:50, 4 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a rapid grant to do a wikidata project on Nigerian female producers etc. the link is attached. I seek your advice and support. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Offordile234/Nigerian_Female_Film_Producers,_Directors_and_Actors_on_Wikidata --[[Ọbanife:Offordile234|Offordile234]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Offordile234|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a rapid grant to add content and improve existing content in wikidata about Nigerian religious leaders and the churches. I will like your comments and if approved your participation. the link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/Nigerian_Religious_Institutions_on_Wikidata  --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 20:23, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)

E debeyerem akwụkwọ ka eyem ego ịji rụọ ọrụ. The link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Permanent_Secretaries_and_Directors_General/Training Please comment and advice. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|talk]]) 11:50, 8 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)

E tiyerem akwụkwọ ka ndị wikipedia yem ego maka ọrụ ịtiye foto na ụda onu nịme Igbo Wiktionary. Biko kwadom. Ebe ntịyere ya bụ na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Pictures_and_Voice_Notes_in_Igbo_Wiktionary  --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 11:03, 12 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a project in wikidata. I will will appreciate your comment and support. the project link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/CEOs_of_Quoted_Companies_in_Nigeria --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 13:13, 5 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Ịma Ọkwa Obodo Maka Ọrụ M ==

Ezigbo mmadu niile,

Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/Mahadum_Federal_na_Steeti,_Polytechnics_na_K%E1%BB%8Dleji_nke_Mm%E1%BB%A5ta_na_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Mahadum Federal na Steeti, Polytechnics na Kọleji nke Mmụta na Naịjirịa].

Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.

[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|talk]]) 21:21, 9 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Photowalk of Minna, Niger state ==

Ndewo ndi nkem,
Pls find attached my [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/OtuNwachinemere/Photowalk_of_Minna,_Niger_State_Nigeria#Activities project grant] request for your endorsement and collaboration.
Thanks --[[Ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|OtuNwachinemere]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|talk]]) 12:48, 15 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

==META WIKI INTERFACE TRANSLATION==
I have applied for translation of the meta wiki interface translation for Igbo Wiktionary which is still in the incubator. your contribution and support will be appreciated. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Igbo_Language_MetaWiki_interface_translation  --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 07:45, 15 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC)

== Ịma Ọkwa Maka Ọrụ M ==

Ndewo onye ọ bụla,

Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/%E1%BB%A4m%E1%BB%A5_Nwanyi_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nkuzi_na_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nch%E1%BB%8Dp%E1%BB%A5ta_n%27%E1%BB%A5l%E1%BB%8D_Akw%E1%BB%A5kw%E1%BB%8D_Mmuta_di_elu_nke_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Ụmụ Nwanyi ndị Nkuzi na ndị Nchọpụta n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mmuta di elu nke Naịjirịa].

Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.

[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|kwuo]]) 10:15, 14 Ọnwa iri na otù 2021 (UTC)

== Deployment of FLORES Machine Translation to Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nụ ndị ọma!

Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) support for the Content Translation in Igbo Wikipedia called FLORES. This means that you can choose to use [https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world/ FLORES machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles to Igbo using [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation the Content Translation tool].
 
The FLORES Machine Translation service is provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta] through a free for use API key that allows the Content Translation to access the service on the FLORES server for an evaluation trial period. This MT is set as optional; in your Wikipedia, which means you can choose not to use it as your preferred initial translator. If you decide to use this service, you can select &quot;FLORES&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu where you will find other existing machine translation services on the sidebar.
 
The Wikimedia Foundation has worked out an agreement that allows the use of FLORES without compromising Wikipedia’s policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user, and brand representation. You can find more information about the FLORES Machine translation on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Meta|this page]].
 
Please note that the use of the FLORES MT is optional. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service; and
*[[mw:Talk:Content_translation|provide feedback]] about its quality and ask any questions you might have about this addition.
 
We trust that this addition is a good support to the Content Translations tool towards having better quality articles in Igbo Wikipedia.
 
Daalụ nụ! 

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:02, 7 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC)

== Making Flores a default Machine Translation for three months in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!

The WMF Language team would like to make [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores Flores], provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta], the default machine translation support in your Wikipedia Content Translation tool for a test period of 3 months.

The above experiment will help us determine how useful the Machine Translation is for your community more reliably. By setting Flores as the default service, we expect more content to be created by using it and the data about its quality to be more representative. We plan to effect this change on 11th April 2022 unless your community has an objection not to make the FLORES the default Machine translation. 

It is okay if individuals decide to select their default service, which would also be helpful to understand user preferences. However, we would encourage you to use it. After three months, we would revert to the initial default machine translation unless your community thinks otherwise. 

We thank you for your support and look forward to the outcome of this test.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 18:48, 28 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.


I have recently applied for a grant on training and competition for senior citizens. it is a proposal to bring in more senior citizens to join the wikipedia family. it will be a training and competion for participating seniors. will appreciate your suggestions.--[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|kwuo]]) 14:55, 26 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC)

== Reverting to Google as the default Machine Translation in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo ndi nkem!

Three months ago, the WMF Language team set the [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores|Flores]] Machine Translation (MT) support as the default in your Wikipedia which just ended.

So, we want to revert to the initial default Machine translation support for the Content translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia unless there are objections from your community to retain the Flores as your default MT.

We will wait two weeks for your feedback in this thread on the above, and If there are no objections to reverting to the [[mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation#Google_Translate|Google Translate]], we will make the Google MT the default translation in your Content translation tool after the 25th of July, 2022.

Thank you so much, and we look forward to your feedback.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:40, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) On hehalf of the WMF Language team.

:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thank you for the update. Speaking for myself and from feedback from other community members, Flores has more accurate translations than Google Translate and we would prefer to keep Flores as default.
:Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:54, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you @[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] for the feedback. This means we will not be reverting to Google since the community prefers Flores because it is more accurate. We will leave Flores as the default Machine Translation, while the Google Machine translation will be optional.
::Best regards. [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 19:06, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

== &quot;Talk page&quot; ==

Hi!

At a translatewiki training on July 30, there was a side discussion about the right word to use for &quot;Talk&quot;, &quot;Talk page&quot;, &quot;Discussion&quot;, etc.

&quot;Talk page&quot; refers to pages on which editors discuss the following things:
* The article—how to write it, what to include, what to exclude, what terminology to use, etc.
* General Wikipedia matters—policies, style, appointing administrators, etc.
* Direct conversations with users (&quot;user talk page&quot;).

As a general comment, in English, the words &quot;discussion&quot; and &quot;talk&quot; are used for this, but it's actually the same thing, and can be translated with the same word in Igbo.

The words that I can see here are:
* Mkparita ụka
* nkàta
* Akíkó
* Nkpata okà
* Kuwa akíkó
* kwuo
* okwu

There may also be other words that I haven't noticed.

I recommend choosing consistent translations for &quot;talk&quot; and &quot;talk page&quot;, and using them consistently. [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 11:05, 31 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you for this recommendation @[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amire80]]. Best, [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 14:40, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

== Atụmatụ ịgbanwe aha &quot;talk spaces&quot; anyị  ==

Ndewo ụmụnne! Ọ ga-amasị m ịtụ aro ka anyị gbanwee aha 'talk spaces' n'asụsụ Igbo site na &quot;Okwu&quot; gaa na &quot;Ṅkàtá&quot;, n'ihi na ọ dị m ka &quot;Ṅkàtá&quot; na-akọwa ọrụ ya nke ọma karịa 'Okwu'. Ewelitere nke a n'oge usoro nkwado maka Wiktionary Igbo na Wikiquote na Meta. Iji gbanwee nke a, anyị kwesịrị igosi ebe anyị nwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a, yabụ biko kwupụta echiche gị banyere mgbanwe a n'okpuru - ọ bụrụ na ịnwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a n'ime izu ole na ole a n'abia, anyị nwere ike ịrịọ ka ha gbanwee ya. Ọ bụrụ na anyị kpebie ịgbanwe aha ndị ahụ, aha ochie nọ ebe a ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ, mana ọ gaghị abụ aha na-egosipụta na ibe okwu. Mee ka m mara ihe ị chere! Ya gazie! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:01, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ ga adị ezigbo mkpa ma ha mgbanwe ibe okwu dị na Wikipidia anyị. E kweyere m nke ọma ka e mee mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 15:12, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Imeela na nzaghachi gị @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 
(UTC)

:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 08:35, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Ndewo na nkwado gị @[[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:E kwenyere m na mgbanwe aha a n'ihi na &quot;Nkàta&quot; ka kọwaa ya karịa &quot;okwu. [[Ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|Uzoejinwa]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|kwuo]]) 9:22, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:A nam eche na &quot;Nkàtá&quot; kọwara ihe a na-ekwu maka ya karịa &quot;Okwu&quot;. N'ihi nke a, e kwenyere m na mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|Timzy D&amp;#39;Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|kwuo]]) 08:49, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Eziokwu ka ikwuru @[[Ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:19, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi ime ya bụ ḿgbánwè. &quot;Ńkàtá&quot; kasịrị daba adaba nke ọma karịa &quot;Okwu&quot;. Ekwenyere m na nke ahụ. [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Dabere16]]
([[Okwu Ọbanife: Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 11:02, 6 Satọnafọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ dị mma maka &quot;Nkàta&quot; bụ aha ya kpọmkwem ma kakwa wee kọwaa ya nke oma karịa &quot;okwu. [[Ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|Achukwu Onyinye]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|kwuo]]) 1:11, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

: This change is a welcome development since it is a known fact that language is dynamic; hence Igbo language is no exception to this dynamism and as such, ''Nkata'' captures the content of the discussion. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 13:37, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m na nke a [[Ọbanife:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Lebron jay|kwuo]]) 14:04, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:E kwenyere m ka a gbanwee áhà a site N'okwụ baa na ńkàtá maka ọ dabara nke ọma. [[Jabinekene:Ekene Amaechi|Ekene Amaechi]]  04:00, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

I agree to the change of the name ọ f &quot;Talk Places&quot; to &quot;Nkata&quot; because it gives to real meaning of the word in Igbo Language rather than&quot;talk&quot; [[Ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|Chikeme Chizurum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|kwuo]]) 02:55, 8 Ọnwa asatọ  2022 (UTC)

==Usoro ọdide asụsụ Igbo==
===Ndakọrịta Udaume (Vowel Harmony)===
Ndakọrịta Udaume bụ usoro iwu odide Igbo wubere na ụdaume Igbo ga-agbaso mgbe eji ha emebe mkpụrụokwu maọbụ ekwu okwu.
N'asụsụ Igbo e nwere ụdaume asatọ, Ha bụ '''''a e i ị o ọ u ụ'''''. E kere Ụdaume ndị a ụzọ abụọ .
1) Ụdamfe/Otu A: a  ị  ọ  ụ. Otu A nwere kpọm n'okpuru ha ma ewepụ a
2) Ụdaarọ/Otu E: e  i  o  u. Otu E enweghị kpọm n'okpuru ha
Iwu megidere na mgbe ọbụla ụdaume si n'otu nke ọbula na-emebe okwu, mara na mkpụrụokwu ahụ ga ejupụta na ụdaume si n'otu ahụ.
Ọmụmaatụ: 
Okwu ndị si n'Otu A---
Ọgụ (fight)
Ụdọ (rope)
Azịza (broom)
ịgba (Drum) 
          
Okwu ndị si n'Otu E---
Ezi (Pig) 
Udo (peace)
Iko (Cup)
Olulu (Pit)
===Ede ụdaume na-ada iwu ndakọrịta===
1) Aha mmadụ:
Ọbiageli
Ijeọma
Chigaekwu
Chukwuma 
wee dịrị gawa
2) Okwu ọkpụ: Okwu ndị nna anyị ha na-ekwu ọkpụtọrọkpụ dịka: Ngaji
                                                            Omenala
                                                            Dibịa
                                                            Ụdaume
Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta iwu ndakọrịta Ụdaume nke ọma iji mata ma ghọta ụfọdụ mgbanwe dị n'ụtọasụsụ Igbo.

== STUDY ON WHY WIKIPEDIA IS NOT BEING USED IN NIGERIAN CLASSROOM ==
The Igbo Language and Culture Institute has applied for a project to conduct a research on Overcoming Challenges of Introducing Wikipedia in Nigeria Classroom. your suggestions will be appreciated. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 10:36, 19 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC)

== The name of this page ==

Hi!

What should be the name of this page: &quot;Nzọr ogbako&quot;, &quot;Ogbako otú&quot;, or something else? [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 07:40, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== Namespace names ==

Hi,

I spoke to @[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], and she found many mistakes in the names of namespaces on this wiki.

This problem needs a thorough solution. As a first step, I'd love to know the Igbo Wikipedia's community opinion about several terms. For each of the following terms, there must be one consistent term used everywhere, because all these words are very common and important:

;Special
:This must be the translation of the word &quot;special&quot; in &quot;special page&quot;. (The word &quot;page&quot; is not needed, only &quot;special&quot;.) The current translation is &quot;Ihü kárírí&quot;, and it's probably incorrect. Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is &quot;Ọpụrụiche&quot;.
;Talk ''or'' Discussion
:&quot;Talk pages&quot; or &quot;Discussion pages&quot; are pages where editors have discussions about articles or about other topics. For example, &quot;Talk:Nigeria&quot; is the talk page of the article &quot;Nigeria&quot;, and &quot;User talk:Amire80&quot; is the personal talk page of User:Amire80. In English, the words &quot;Talk&quot; and &quot;Discussion&quot; are both used, but it's the same thing, so you can use one word in Igbo. The current translation is &quot;Okwu&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is &quot;Ńkàtá&quot;.
;User
:A user is anyone who uses the wiki as a reader or an editor. The current word is &quot;Ọbanife&quot;. Oby Ezeilo recommends the word &quot;Ojiarụ&quot;.
;File
:Files on Wikipedia usually store photos, videos, or documents. The current word is &quot;Usòrò&quot;, and it's probably wrong. What should be the correct translation?
;Template
:A template is a piece of text or code that can be embedded in other pages. Common examples of templates are infoboxes, citations, tags at the top of the article, etc. The current word is &quot;Àtụ&quot;. Is it good?
;Help
:Help pages are pages that explain how to use Wikipedia. Some examples of English-language help pages: [[:w:en:Help:Recent changes|Help:Recent changes]], [[:w:en:Help:Table|Help:Table]], etc. The current word is &quot;Nkwadọ&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo recommends &quot;Enyemaka&quot;.
;Category
:A category is a group of pages that have a similar topic. For example, the Wikipedia articles about [[:w:en:Leymah Gbowee|Leymah Gbowee]], [[:w:en:Andrei Sakharov|Andrei Sakharov]], and [[:w:en:Alva Myrdal|Alva Myrdal]] all belong to the &quot;Nobel Peace Prize laureates&quot; category in the English Wikipedia, and are automatically listed on that category's page: [[:w:en:Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]. The current word is &quot;Òtù&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo recommends &quot;Katigori&quot;.

What do other Igbo Wikipedia editors think? How should these words be written in Igbo?

Here's the list again, briefly:
* Special
* Talk
* User
* File
* Template
* Help
* Category

Please reply here.

Once everyone agrees on these terms' translation, it will be possible to write correct translations for all the namespace names.

Thank you! :) [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 08:13, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Hello Amir, thank you for this question. After so much deliberation in our community, we voted this: 


Here's the list, 

* Special -Ọpụrụiche
* Talk - Ṅkàtá
* User -Ojiarụ
* File -Faịlụ
* Template -Templeeti 
* Help -Enyemaka
* Category - Otú
Thank you!
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 17:04, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:I highly support the introduction of these newly translated words. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 18:21, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:I Strongly support the use of these terms Tochiprecious listed above. Thanks [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 18:22, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

I am in support of the names translation, because it will be of a great help to our community.
[[Ọbanife: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Okwu ọbanife: Senator Choko|kwuo]]) 18:16, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Effecting these changes on the page will make it more understandable to the users. I'm in support of these new developments. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 18:03, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
::I support this.. I support the new name translation brought up here [[Ọbanife:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Sayvhior|kwuo]]) 19:55, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

::I support those new translations to be put to use.  [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Daberechi16]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 12:36, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:I strongly support these changes as it makes them more understandable. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|Timzy D&amp;#39;Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|kwuo]]) 09:06, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==

Hello all,

In mid-January 2023, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.

The volunteer-led [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.

The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''.

'''How to vote?'''

Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.

'''Who can vote?'''

The '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.

'''What happens after the vote?'''

Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, 

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 08:59, 10 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct revised enforcement guidelines vote results ==

The recent community-wide vote on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct revised Enforcement Guidelines]] has been tallied and scrutinized. Thank you to everyone who participated.

After 3097 voters from 146 Wikimedia communities voted, the results are 76% in support of the Enforcement Guidelines, and 24% in opposition. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|Statistics]] for the vote are available. A more detailed summary of comments submitted during the vote will be published soon.

From here, the results and comments collected during this vote will be submitted to the Board of Trustees for their review. The current expectation is that the Board of Trustees review process will complete in March 2023. We will update you when their review process is completed.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:54, 16 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Community feedback cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of use starts ==

Hello everyone,

[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use.

[[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms_of_Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language.

This update comes in response to several things:

* Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct
* Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license
* Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing
* Bringing our terms in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act

As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held, the first on March 2, the second on April 4.

For further information, please consult:

* The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]]
* The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms_of_use|feedback]]
* Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|the office hours]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 13:00, 21 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Reminder: Office hours about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use ==

: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Legal+department%2F2023+ToU+updates%2FOffice+hours%2FReminder&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello everyone,

This a reminder that the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is hosting [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|office hours]] with community members about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use]].

The office hours will be held today, '''March 2, from 17:00 UTC to 18:30 UTC.''' See for more [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|details here on Meta]].

Another office hours will be held on April 4.

We hereby kindly invite you to participate in the discussion. Please note that this meeting will be held in English language and led by the members of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team, who will take and answer your questions. Facilitators from the Movement Strategy and Governance Team will provide the necessary assistance and other meeting-related services.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 11:55, 2 Maachị 2023 (UTC)

== Board of Trustees have ratified the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines ==
: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement+-+Board+ratification&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello all, an important update on the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines:

The vote on the Enforcement Guidelines in January 2023 showed a majority approval of the Enforcement Guidelines. There were 369 comments received and a detailed summary of the comments will be published shortly. Just over three-thousand (3097) voters voted and 76% approved of the Enforcement Guidelines. You can view the '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|vote statistics on Meta-wiki]]'''.

As the support increased, this signifies to the Board that the current version has addressed some of the issues indicated during the last review in 2022. The Board of Trustees voted to ratify the Enforcement Guidelines. The [[foundation:Resolution:Approval_of_Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Enforcement_Guidelines|resolution can be found on Foundation wiki]] and you can read more about the [[wmfblog:2023/03/21/the-enforcement-guidelines-received-strong-support-from-the-community-what-happens-next/|process behind the 2023 Enforcement Guidelines review on Diff.]]

There are some next steps to take with the important recommendations provided by the Enforcement Guidelines. More details will come soon about timelines. Thank you for your interest and participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:01, 23 Maachị 2023 (UTC)

== Elections Committee: Call for New Members ==

Hello everyone,

The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Wikimedia Foundation elections committee]] (Elections Committee) is, from today until April 24, seeking an additional 2–4 members to help facilitate the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustee (Board) selection process.

The 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is being planned. New members are invited to join the Elections Committee. The Elections Committee oversees the Board of Trustees community seat selection process. Join the committee and contribute your valuable skills and ideas to the Trustee selection process.

There are eight community- and affiliate-selected seats on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees|the Wikimedia Foundation Board]]. The wider Wikimedia community votes for community members to occupy these seats. In 2024, the Elections Committee will oversee this selection process for the community- and affiliate-selected seats with expiring terms. This process will be supported by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Elections Committee members sign up for three-year terms and will be asked to [[phab:L37|sign a confidentiality agreement]]. Members can expect to contribute 2–5 hours per week before the selection process and 5–8 hours per week during the selection process.

As an Elections Committee member, you will be responsible for:

* Attending online meetings between now and the next election (mid-2024)
* Attending onboarding and online training in May–June 2023
* Working with the Committee to fulfill its [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Elections_Committee_Charter|other responsibilities]]

New members should have the following qualities:

* Fluency in English
* Responsiveness to email collaboration
* Knowledge of the movement and movement governance

If you would like to volunteer for this role, please '''submit your candidacy by April 24, 2023 23:59 [[:en:Anywhere_on_Earth|AoE (Anywhere on Earth)]] on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Nominations/2023|this Meta-Wiki page]]'''.

You can [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Wikimedia_Foundation_Elections_Committee_-_2023_Call_for_New_Members|'''read the full announcement here''']]. Thank you in advance for your interest! If you are not interested but know someone who might be, share this message with them. Please let me know if you have questions.

On behalf of the Elections Committee,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:16, 14 Eprel 2023 (UTC)

== End of the Movement Charter ratification methodology community review ==

Hello,

The Movement Charter Drafting Committee has concluded its first community review of the methodology draft, which will be used to ratify the Movement Charter in 2024.

This community review included [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement_Charter|feedback collection on Meta]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930/6 Movement Strategy forum] as well as two [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|conversation hours]] with communities and one conversation with the Committees of the Wikimedia projects. MCDC greatly appreciates everyone's input. The recording of the ratification methodology presentation is here and [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation/Notes_and_documentation|documentation can be accessed here]]. The timeline of the next steps of the methodology is [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMC_Ratification_Methodology_-_April_2023.pdf&amp;page=33 provided here].

The WMF support team will produce a report on the community input in May. MCDC will incorporate the feedback and share an updated version of the ratification methodology in August 2023. The MCDC will continue to outreach to stakeholders regarding the updated methodology in late 2023.

Thank you for your participation!

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 16:40, 3 Mee 2023 (UTC)

==Dates==
I've fixed up the templates {{Tlx|Birth date and age}} {{Tlx|Death date and age}} and possibly a few more to use Igbo month names.  

* I need to translate &quot;aged&quot; as in &quot;Nwürü	11 Novemba 2002 (aged 82)&quot;.  What word should I use?
* I've used Eprelụ should this be Eprel?

Let me know if there are any problems and I'll do my best to fix them.

[[Ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|ṅkátá]]) 21:35, 13 Maachị 2024 (UTC)

== Ozi maka atụmatụ ndi Wikimedia Foundation nke afọ 2024-25 ==

Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!

Ndi Wikimedia Foundation ebidola ihazi atụmatụ na ebumunuche ga eduzi ọrụ anyi ndi Wikimedia na afọ 2024-25. Eji mụ ohere na egosi  anyi  ozi onye isi nke Prodọktụ na Teknọlọji onye nke a na akpọ Selena Deckelmann dere gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche afọ ọhuru anyi na abanye na Wikimedia. Ndi Wikimedia Foundation si na ọdi oke mkpa ka anyi gụọ ebumunuche ha maka afọ 2024-25 ma gwa ha uche gi, ma jụọ kwa ha ajụjụ gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche ha deputara. Inwere ike iji asụsụ ọbula di gi nma (igbo ma ọbu na English) ide puta uche gi ma juọ ha ajụjụ ebea. 

[[User:UOzurumba_(WMF)| UOzurumba (WMF)]], ma ọbụ Mazi [[User:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]] ga elegide ihụ akwụkwọ a, ma nyere aka ziruo ha ozi, ma zaa ajuju ọbula inwere. Biko guọ ozi ya ebea, ma ọbụ ebe nzisa ozi nke [[wmfblog:2024/02/20/thinking-about-annual-planning-in-the-wikimedia-foundations-product-and-technology-department/|Diff]] na nke ọzọ a na akpọ [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Meta]].


Daalụ nụ! -[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|ṅkátá]]) 17:35, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo n&lt;u&gt;ụ&lt;/u&gt; ndi Igbo Wikipedians!

Apologies, as this message is not in your language. &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Please-translate}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] proposes temporarily making Google Translate the default machine translation for your Wikipedia. Some months ago we set MinT, the new Wikimedia Foundation machine translation service, as the default for your language. However, we plan to revert this change. This is because we are [[phab:T363563|working on improving the reference support]] and fixing some bugs causing referencing issues when using MinT to translate.

During this period, contributors can still use the MinT by selecting it as an optional service. However, we want to limit its use to reduce the effect of using it as it is thereby imposing more work on translators to correct the issues manually. 

Please let us know in this thread if your community objects to our proposal and would rather have MinT as default, irrespective of our improvement plans. Rest assured, changing the default machine translation support is a temporary measure. We will notify you once we finish [[phab:T363569|the work]] and revert to MinT.

We appreciate your understanding and cooperation on this change. Daalụ nụ!

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:19, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

:@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] Thank you for the information, I am in support making Google translate temporarily the default machine translation for our Wikipedia. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  20:54, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], thanks for the heads-up. I believe the Google translate can be temporarily used for the Igbo Wikipedia - but to be changed as soon as possible the MinT is up. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:08, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] for this notice. The referencing errors also occur while using Google Translate... It's a good thing your team is working towards fixing these errors, you can go ahead with the plan. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:30, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thank you, @[[Ọbanife:Akwugo|Akwugo]], @[[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] and @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], for your response. I will let the WMF Language team know your take on this. 
:Best regards
:[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:20, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)

== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians,

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. The initial version of this feature is ready, and we would like the Igbo Wikipedia to be the first to test and have this feature since the Igbo community has been using MinT frequently to create translations. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ih%C3%BC_k%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%AD:AutomaticTranslation '''test it'''] so you can:

* Ask us questions
* Tell us how to improve the feature
* Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia

'''About the feature'''

The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Igbo Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Igbo language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the image below). 
{{Gallery
| align        = center
| height       =450
| width        =200
| whitebg      = no
| noborder     = yes
| File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point.
| File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point
}}

These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available.

This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers.

'''How to try the tool'''

Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 17th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in Igbo Wikipedia at [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AutomaticTranslation Special:AutomaticTranslation] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_the_Igbo_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wikipedia_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on:

* How do you use the feature
* Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it?
* Your ideas for improving it.

We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:06, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Temporary accounts may be rolled out in late October ==

Hello everyone. We are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team, working on digital security and online privacy issues. We are here to let you know about [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|temporary accounts for unregistered (logged-out) editors]]. '''Later this month, we will be rolling them out on several pilot wikis, who will have the chance to test and share comments to improve the feature before it is deployed on all wikis in mid-2025.'''

'''This change is especially relevant to the logged-out editors and the more experienced community members like patrollers and admins – anyone who uses IP addresses when blocking users and keeping the wikis safe.'''

'''Based on data we have analyzed, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia is a great candidate for being a pilot.''' We wanted to share more about what temporary accounts are, what change they bring, why we think you would be a good piloting community, and what we can do together to make sure this change goes smoothly for everyone affected.

'''Legal mandate for this work'''

The Foundation’s Legal team requires that we change the ways in which logged-out editors interact with the wikis, and how their personal data is handled. The result is the creation of temporary accounts. We are doing it to keep up with legal changes and with the ways many people expect websites to operate, and to minimize risks to logged-out editors. ([[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ#Why_are_you_working_on_temporary_accounts_at_all?|See more on the legal aspect in our FAQ]] and the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates/Legal#July_2021|2021 update from the Legal team]].)

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb|400px]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: ~2024-1234567 (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after the account creation date. As long as the cookie exists, all edits made by this user from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

What does this mean for different groups of users?

{{hidden|For logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.
}}
{{hidden|For community members interacting with logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.
}}
{{hidden|For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range (&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Special:IPContributions]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mediawikiwiki:Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* We are and will be working with other users with advanced permissions, like stewards.  With useful feedback from these users, we have updated tools and scheduled deployments around these updates.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.
}}

'''Why we think the Igbo Wikipedia community will be a good pilot'''

In late October, we aim to deploy on approximately 10 small and medium-sized wikis. The goal is to ensure all critical functionality (patroller workflows, tools etc.) for temporary accounts work as expected. For that to happen, we want to make sure that people are comfortable with the changed functionality. We will do our best to support the piloting communities. After deploying and improving the functionality, we will keep temporary accounts here, and later, roll them out on more wikis.

We have pre-selected potential good pilots based on different factors. For example, we considered the following statistics and technical limitations: numbers of active IPs, editors, admins, IP edits per month, and lack of blockers related to the configuration of a given wiki. Human connections are even more important, and by that, we mean: availability of colleagues like @[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]], potential ambassadors and technical members of the respective communities, and communication with affiliates and hubs and their community support projects. Based on all these factors, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia will be a good pilot.

'''What we would ask of you and next steps'''

* If you'd like to learn more about temporary accounts, please ask! We will gladly address your questions, suggestions, and other thoughts!
* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers#How_should_I_update_my_code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options, including not piloting here on Igbo Wikipedia.

Before we deploy on the first pilots, we will complete some work. This includes creating a new public dashboard presenting the impact of temporary accounts on communities ([[phab:T357763|T357763]]), building a mechanism which will automatically give the eligible users the right to reveal IP addresses ([[phab:T327913|T327913]]), and [[phab:project/view/7289/|some other tasks]].

To learn more about the project, check out [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates|look at the latest updates]] and [[mediawikiwiki:Newsletter:T&amp;S_Product_projects|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you! [[User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and [[Ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:14, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Igbo Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Igbo Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[Faịlụ:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[Faịlụ:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 01:38, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)

== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

{{Int:hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement this improvement on your wiki '''on Monday, March 10th, 2025''' and subsequently for other Wikipedias. We plan to roll it out on all wikis and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.

We look forward to your feedback after using the new dashboard. Please reach out with any questions regarding your experience with the enhanced dashboard in this thread.

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 06:03, 5 Maachị 2025 (UTC)

== Please block Donaldbert ==

Please block [[Ojiarụ:Donaldbert]] for their actions at [[Vargaći]], recreating a previously-deleted item and removing deletion tags. Note that this user also edits as [[Ojiarụ:Berlindrag]] and is indefinitely blocked at Wikidata for abuse of multiple accounts and promotion of this entity. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like they may also be editing as [[Ojiarụ:Smith.886]]. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 18:56, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:{{done}} [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 23:23, 5 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

== Ndozi ntụgharị asụsụ ==

Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians. Ana m atụ aro ka anyị dezie ntụgharị asụsụ nke “Talk” site na Ṅkàtá iji gosipụta nke ọma ka Ńkàtá. Nke a ga-akwalite nhazi ọkwa ma melite ogo na ọrụ a. Biko kwadoo arịrịọ a.  Daalụ [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 14:24, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC))
* A kwadosiri m árò a ike maka nchekwa asụsụ Igbo. Nke ọbụla a na-asụpe, a sụpee ya ọfụma [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 19:07, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:A kwadoro m nhazi a, n’ihi na nsụpe nke a bụ nke kacha mma. Daalụnụ  [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:49, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma.  [[Ọpụrụiche:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29202-75|&amp;#126;2025-29202-75]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:&amp;#126;2025-29202-75|talk]]) 03:55, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 05:48, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado ya nke ukwuu maka na ọ tozuru ya [[Ojiarụ: Iwuala Chisom|Iwuala Chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Chisom|ṅkátá]]) 08:11, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

*Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma. [[User:Senator Choko|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Senator Choko&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Senator Choko|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:35, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:A na m akwado nhazi a. Ọ bụ ezigbo arọ  [[Ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|Epiphanus Jide]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|ṅkátá]]) 18:19, 19 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Will you help us test an updated Databox? ==

''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it''

Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes:

* A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item


* New parameters &lt;code&gt;useImage=&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;excludeProperties=&lt;/code&gt; can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays.
** '''&lt;code&gt;useImage=&lt;/code&gt;''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.&lt;br&gt; Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
** '''&lt;code&gt;excludeParameters=&lt;/code&gt;''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.&lt;br&gt;Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 

* The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:&lt;br&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code&gt;Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}&lt;/code&gt;

=== How can you help? ===
Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs.

Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits).

The two Parameters will only show if the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.&lt;br&gt;[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].&lt;br&gt;
Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].&lt;br&gt;
Thank you, - [[Ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 4 Novemba 2025 (UTC) on behalf of the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] Team

== Invitation to a survey ==

Dear contributors to Wikipedia in Igbo,

Apologies for posting in English! 

My name is Mali, and as a part of my PhD program at the University of Oslo, Norway, I am investigating young language communities from less digitized languages on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects.

I have previously spoken to some contributors from the Igbo community, and it has been really interesting. Now I wish to expand my understanding of this community by inviting you to take a survey about your experiences as Wikipedia-editors.  

You find the survey here: https://nettskjema.no/a/577121

The survey should take around 10  minutes. I invite you to write freely about your experiences in the open questions.   

If you complete the survey before the 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of December you have the possibility to win an electronic gift card worth 10 USD. Winners will be contacted directly after the survey. 


Feel free to contact me for further questions, directly on Wiki or on my email malikb@ifi.uio.no

Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:Malikbr|Malikbr]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Malikbr|ṅkátá]]) 11:49, 9 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

== Ọkwa maka bot flag request ==

Ndewo nnụ 👋

E tinyela m 'bot flag request' maka nnabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia.
Bot a ga-enye aka nabata ndị ọrụ ọhụrụ ma duzie ha otu ha ga-esi malite itinye aka.
Biko lelee ya ma kesaa echiche unu:
👉[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests_for_approval/DolphybBot]]

Daalụ 🙏  [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 13:42, 8 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

==  [[User:King ChristLike]] for Bureaucrat nomination ==

E ji m aṅụrị na-ahọpụta [[User:King ChristLike]] maka ọkwa Bureaucrat na ọrụ a.

Dịka onye nchịkwa, o gosipụtara nduzi siri ike, mkpebi ziri ezi, na nkwado maka otu ebe ọ na-akwado ma ndị ndezi ọhụrụ ma ndị ndezi nwere agba. Ọ na-egosipụta nghọta doro anya nke amụma Wikimedia na usoro otu, ekwere m na o nwere iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ikike dị mkpa iji jee ozi nke ọma dị ka Bureaucrat.

Eji m obi m niile na-akwado ma na-ahọpụta ya maka ọrụ a.


'''Bekee'''

I am happy to nominate [[User:King ChristLike]] for Bureaucrat on this project.

As an administrator, he has shown strong leadership, sound judgement, and dedication to community growth while supporting both new and experienced editors. He demonstrates a clear understanding of Wikimedia policies and community processes, and I believe he has the integrity and competence needed to serve effectively as a Bureaucrat.

I wholeheartedly support and recommend him for this role. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 14:21, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:Daalụ @[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] maka ịhọpụta m. Anam anabata ya nke ọma. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:27, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::I vote in support of this nomination. He has shown a great deal of leadership skills and has a great eye for details. [[Ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|ṅkátá]]) 16:43, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Am also nominating King Christlike for Bureaucrat nomination..he has proven to be a great assist in contributing to the growth of wikipedia not just Igbo wikipedia but wikipedia as a whole [[Ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|Edozie Ojekwe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|ṅkátá]]) 16:47, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::I support this nomination because,he is a great leader not only igbo Wikipedia but Wikipedia as whole, he tries his best to see that new people gets the hang of how things are done in Wikipedia [[Ojiarụ:Anastesia chi|Anastesia chi]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Anastesia chi|ṅkátá]]) 09:03, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado [[User:King ChristLike]], maka ọkwa nke ahọpụtara ya.  [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ffe900 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#ffe900 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:50, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Strong Support [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 17:29, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::He has consistently demonstrated excellent leadership, good judgment, and a strong commitment to the growth of the community, while actively supporting both new and experienced contributors. His solid understanding of Wikimedia policies and community procedures, along with his integrity and capability, make him well suited for the Bureaucrat role. I fully endorse and support [[User:King ChristLike]] nomination. [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 17:42, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:User:King ChristLike has demonstrated a high level of competence and reliability in supporting the Igbo Wikimedians community and its project. Granting him the Bureaucrat right will ensure that the impact of his contribution and commitment is reflected across boards. I hereby endorse him for this role. [[Ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|ṅkátá]]) 22:15, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
[[User:King ChristLike]] has shown concern and support for the Igbo Wikimedians Community.I hereby give my support to him. [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]]

[[Ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|ṅkátá]]) 16:44, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

[[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) I hereby vote in support of [[user:king_ChristLike]] for the bureaucrat nomination. He is good at what he does and I believe he would perform the best if given the opportunity.[[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 18:17, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

[[User:King ChristLike]] has demonstrated a high level of competence and reliability in supporting the Igbo Wikimedians community and its project. Granting him the Bureaucrat right will ensure that the impact of his contribution and commitment is reflected across boards. I hereby '''endorse''' him for this role.[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 19:56, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

His commitment, contributions, teamwork, and willingness to support others in Wikimedia projects makes him a strong and deserving candidate. I strongly vote in support of [[User:King ChristLike]] for the bureaucrat nomination. 
[[Ojiarụ:Sylvaline39 |Sylvaline39]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|ṅkátá]]) 10:25,1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

[[User:King ChristLike]] Is someone who leads by example. He is hardworking, reliable and always willing to support others. Whether it is in teamwork, leadership, or communication. He has proven time and time again that he have what it takes to serve effectively. I proudly nominate King ChristLike for the bureaucrat nomination.
[[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 11:14,2 Mee 2026 (UTC)

I am proud to endorse this nomination as [[User:King ChristLike]] has shown and is still on that path of supporting and ensuring that editors do the right thing, the right way. He is also passionate about Open source knowledge and he is duly deserving of this opportunity. [[Ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|Aminwa 21]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|ṅkátá]]) 22:18, 3 Mee 2026 (UTC)

A true definition of leadership! I strongly endorse [[User:King ChristLike] for this position. [[Ojiarụ: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Senator Choko|ṅkátá]]) 21:10, 6 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:A na m akwado:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] maka ọkwa a n'ihi na a maara m na ọ ga-emeli ihe dị na ya [[Ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|Geraldine Kene]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|ṅkátá]]) 06:49, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)

'''Kwado''' — A na m akwado nhọpụta a. [[User:King ChristLike]] na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ghọtakwara iwu ndị ahụ, ma na-ekwurịta okwu nke ọma na obodo Wikimedia ndị ọzọ na ndị editọ. Atụkwasịrị m ya obi na ngwaọrụ bureaucrat. Nke a bụ votu m nye ya. 

'''Support''' — I support this nomination. [[User:King ChristLike]] is active, understands the policies, and communicates well with other wikimedia communities and editors. I trust him with bureaucrat tools. This is a vote for him.
[[Ojiarụ:Emmanuel Obiajulu|Emmanuel Obiajulu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Emmanuel Obiajulu|ṅkátá]]) 07:17, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
*I '''strongly support''' this initiative. More technical hands are needed on the Igbo Wikipedia space which will help tackle alot of pending activities. I look forward to seeing more technical volunteers. --[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 08:30, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)

*I '''strongly support''' Akwadosiri m nke a ike n'ihi na Maazi Christlike egosila ụdịrị odogwu ọbụ site na mbọ niile ọ na-agba iji kwalite asụsu Igbo.[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 12:05, 14 Mee 2026 (UTC)</text>
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'''Grace Abidemi Ayorinde''', onye '''akpọrọ''' '''Demi Grace''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 9, 1989) bụ ihe nlere-anya nke ndị US, onye ọbụ abụ, onye na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede ihe, onye na-egwu egwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri oge ụfọdụ. O mere ihe akụkọ  mere eme dị ka di na emeputa ihe eji edosi isi did isi dada Pantene 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;ebony&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebony.com/style/black-hair-pantene-dreadlocks/|title=STYLE EXCLUSIVE: Meet Demi Grace, the First Model With Locs to Star in a Pantene Campaign|date=23 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;naijaloaded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-mp3/demi-grace-just-friends|title=Demi Grace - Just Friends|date=15 January 2019|accessdate=3 October 2020|archivedate=4 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904135244/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-mp3/demi-grace-just-friends}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;teenvogue&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/demi-grace-pantene-locs-campaign-interview|title=Demi Grace on Wearing Locs in Her Pantene Campaign|date=28 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye omenkà izizi ka etinyere aka na Universal Music Group, Nigeria na 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;gritty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gritdaily.com/demi-grace-afrobeats/|title=THE RISE OF AFROBEATS IN AMERICA: DEMI GRACE BECOMES FIRST UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP NIGERIA ARTIST|date=30 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ Grace na London, England mana nne na nna bu ndị Nigeria. &lt;ref name=&quot;elite&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=http://elitemuzik.net/introducing-london-born-nigerian-artist-demi-grace/|title=INTRODUCING LONDON-BORN, CALIFORNIA-BASED NIGERIAN ARTIST DEMI GRACE|publisher=elitemuzik.net|date=11 November 2017|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye Yoruba. Mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara mba Amerịka. &lt;ref name=&quot;musicunites&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://www.musicunitesafrica.org/voices-of-afrikans/introducing-demi-grace-singer-songwriter-and-pan-african-wonder-woman|title=Introducing 'Demi Grace', Singer/Songwriter and Pan-African Wonder Woman!|publisher=musicunitesafrica.org|date=20 April 2017|accessdate=4 September 2019|archivedate=4 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904151704/https://www.musicunitesafrica.org/voices-of-afrikans/introducing-demi-grace-singer-songwriter-and-pan-african-wonder-woman}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na ụmụnne ya malitere inwe mmasị na nka n'oge ha dị obere, na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Deborah Ayorinde gara n'ihu bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Hollywood, na-apụta n'akụkụ Kevin Hart na ihe nkiri 2019, ''Nna'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;deadline&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://deadline.com/2019/06/lil-rel-howery-paul-reiser-deborah-ayorinde-kevin-hart-fatherhood-sony-1202639546/|title=Lil Rel Howery, Paul Reiser, &amp; Deborah Ayorinde Join Sony’s Kevin Hart-Led ‘Fatherhood’ Film|publisher=deadline.com|date=30 April 2019|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Deer Valley nọ na San Francisco na oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ bịara sonye na eme ihe egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ, ebe ọ sonyere ma kuziere ndị ukwe na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ma ọ na-eme kwa izu n'otu ụlọ ahịa azụ.

Demi Grace malitere idekọ egwu n'okpuru ndokwa nke Disney Music Executive, Alyssa Talovic, mgbe ọ na-aga mahadum na CSU-Northridge, &lt;ref name=&quot;musicunites&quot;/&gt; mgbe nke a gasịrị, ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na Business Management na nwatakịrị na Marketing wee wepụta ndekọ mbụ ya na  afọ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicunites&quot; /&gt; 

Grace bidoro nsoro malite ịkụ egwu ya na ndị otu egwu na 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;sonic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=http://api.sonicbids.com/band/demi-grace/?destination=%2Fmanage%2Fmusician%2F|title=DEMI GRACE|publisher=sonicbirds.com|date=23 May 2018|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitekwara ịchụso ọrụ na ịme ihe na ịme ngosi na ọ gafere ihe nlereanya maka ọtụtụ ụdị ama ama ma gosipụta na mgbasa ozi. Na 2014, o kpuchiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Rolling Out ma kpuchie akwụkwọ akụkọ German Trend Prive ma gosipụta ya na Teen Vogue.

Na 2015, ''Chọrọ Gị'', egwu sitere na album mbụ ya ''Forward Movement Naanị'' gosipụtara na ihe nkiri 2015 Phantom Halo, nke gosipụtara Rebecca Romijn. &lt;ref name=&quot;oak&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://www.oakhella.com/blog/demi-grace|title=PORTRAIT - DEMI GRACE|publisher=oakhella.com|date=23 May 2018|accessdate=4 September 2019|archivedate=4 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904151706/https://www.oakhella.com/blog/demi-grace}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2016, ''Anyị abụghị ndị nọ naanị anyị'', egwu ọzọ sitere na ọba ya gosipụtara na usoro MTV Real World Television.

Na 2016, Grace na [[Beyonce]] guru egwu  na 2016 MTV Music Video Awards &lt;ref name=&quot;myhouston&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://myhoustonmajic.com/3243461/how-demi-grace-new-face-of-sephora-discovered-she-was-performing-with-beyonce-at-the-vmas/|title=How Demi Grace, New Face Of Sephora, Discovered She Was Performing With Beyoncé At The VMAs|publisher=myhoustonmajic.com|date=29 March 2017|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ọ rụkwara isiokwu abụ maka ọchịchị na ọchịchị mba syndicated ọchịchịrị na Lovely. &lt;ref name=&quot;njo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://notjustok.com/song/demi-grace-just-friends/|title=Demi Grace – Just Friends|publisher=notjustok.com|date=17 January 2019|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;hellobeautiful&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://hellobeautiful.com/2900459/demi-grace-beyonce-vmas-nyfw/|title=How Demi Grace, New Face Of Sephora, Discovered She Was Performing With Beyoncé At The VMAs|publisher=hellobeautiful.com|date=29 March 2017|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Grace apụtawo n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi onyonyo, gụnyere VH1's Beverly Hills Fabulous, The Unstoppables na TLC na WeTV's LA Hair, o nwekwara oke na ihe nkiri Nollywood, Black Gold.

Grace wee buru one ihu eji mara ndi  Sephora na 2016 &lt;ref name=&quot;hellobeautiful&quot;/&gt;  na 2017, ọ mere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ihe nlereanya izizi pụtara na isi ntutu isi ngwaahịa mgbasa ozi na eke dreadlocks, mgbe a tụbara ya na mkpọsa ozi 2017 maka ngwaahịa ntutu Pantene. &lt;ref name=&quot;konbini&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/nigerian-model-demi-grace-is-the-first-woman-with-locs-in-a-pantene-campaign/|title=Nigerian Model, Demi Grace, Is The First Woman With Locs In A Pantene Campaign|publisher=konbini.com|date=29 March 2017|accessdate=4 September 2019|archivedate=4 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904140123/https://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/nigerian-model-demi-grace-is-the-first-woman-with-locs-in-a-pantene-campaign/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị 2019, mgbe ọ gụsịrị egwu na January 1st na Lagos, Nigeria, onye mgbasa ozi redio kpọbatara Grace gozi ndị isi na [[:en:Universal_Music_Group_Nigeria|Universal Music Group Nigeria]] na February 2019, e debanyere aha ya na ọkwa Universal Music Group Nigeria. &lt;ref name=&quot;gritty&quot;/&gt; N’ọnwa Julaị 2019, o weputara vidiyo nke egwu a nke izizi ya n’aha otu ndi egwu akpọrọ, Ike gwu gi. &lt;ref name=&quot;soundcity_tv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|url=https://soundcity.tv/new-song/umg-artiste-demi-grace-shares-new-afro-pop-track-tired-of-you/|title=UMG ARTISTE DEMI GRACE SHARES NEW AFRO-POP TRACK, ‘TIRED OF YOU’|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Grace nwere nkwekọrịta mbipụta akwụkwọ na JTV Digital. &lt;ref name=&quot;jtv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jtvdigital.com/demi-grace-signs-with-universal-music-and-jtv-digital/|title=Demi Grace Signs with Universal and JTV|accessdate=4 September 2019|archivedate=4 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904151717/https://www.jtvdigital.com/demi-grace-signs-with-universal-music-and-jtv-digital/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Grace kwuru banyere mmetụta egwu ya dịka [[:en:Janet_Jackson|Janet Jackson]], [[:en:Grace_Jones|Grace Jones]], and [[:en:Missy_Elliot|Missy Elliot]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;musicunites&quot;/&gt; Akọwala ụdị egwu ya dị ka egwu na agbanwe mgbanwe, ụda dị iche iche site na ụda afrobeats, reggae, rock, pop na R&amp;B.

* Want You (2012)
* Watch Me (2012)
* Fire it Up (2012)
* Bad Girl (2012)
* We are not Aloneị (2012)
* Poke it Out (2012)
* Dream Seller (2012)
* Spend it All (2012)
* Go! Live it Up (2014)
* For the Girls (2016)
* Afraid (2016)
* The Dream featuring Jay Karnell (2017)
* Why Would You Lie (2018)
* Come Closer (2018l 
* Tired of You (2019)
* Just Friends (2019

== Ebe nsi nweta ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grace, Demi}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndi madu]]
[[Òtù:21st-century women singers Living people]]
[[Òtù:English-language singers from Nigeria]]
[[Òtù:English people of Yoruba descent]]
[[Òtù:English people of Nigeria descent]]
[[Òtù:Musicians from London 21st-century Nigeria singers]]
[[Òtù:Nigerian rhythm and blues singer-songwriters]]
[[Òtù:Nigerian female singer-songwriters]]
[[Òtù:Nigerian female pop singers Yoruba musicians]]
[[Òtù:Nigerian female musicians 1985 births]]
[[Òtù:Yoruba female models]]</text>
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    <title>Chinyere Stella Okunna</title>
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'''Chinyere Stella Okunna''' {{Audio|Ig-Chinyere Stella Okunna.ogg|Audio}} bụ nwanyị mbụ ruru ogo profesọ na Mass communication na [[Naijiria]]. Ọ rụọla ọrụ n'ọkwa dị iche iche dịka onye nchịkwa and onye nkuzi na ngalaba mmụta na ngalaba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Female Professors Of Mass Communication In Nigeria – MassMediaNG|url=https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/|last=Nwabueze|first=Chinenye|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-10|archivedate=2020-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091150/https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ na mmụta ==
A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ Joshua na Christiana Adimora, n'Ụga n'okpuru ọchịchị ime obodo Agụata nke [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Anambra Steeti]],nke [[Naijiria]], nna ya (Joshua Obinani Adimora) bụ onye ọrụ bekee nke jere ozi dị ka onye mbụ na-ahụ ndị obodo (DO) na mpaghara nlekọta Agụata n'ime afọ 1950. Ọ bụkwa onye osote odeakwụkwọ obodo nke Port-Harcourt Municipal Council n'ime afọ 1960.  Stella Chinyere Okunna malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị St Jọhn dị n'Ekwulobia ebe nna ya jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmentị, ma jekwaa na  ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo mepere emepe [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port-Harcourt]] ebe a ka o si jewe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị site na praimarị nke 5. Agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya bụ na Anglican Girls Grammar School (nke mechara bụrụ Girls High School) Awkunanaw,dị n'[[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], bụ ebe o si nweta WASC ya na ọkwa nke 1 dị ka nwata akwụkwọ kacha mee ọfụma n'ule ahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OKUNNA, Prof. Chinyere Stella, (nee Adimora)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okunna-prof-chinyere-stella-nee-adimora/|last=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-02-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== mmụta ===
Chinyere Stella Okunna bidoro ọrụ ya dika onye nkuzi na [https://web.archive.org/web/20201113073652/https://imt.edu.ng/about-imt/ Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu] (Site n'afọ 1981 ruo n'afo 1994) tupu ọ banye na Department of Mass Communication, [[:en:Nnamdi_Azikiwe_University|Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] n'afọ 1994. Ọ ghọọrọ nwanyị mbụ ruru ogo prọfesọ nke Mass communication na Naijiria n'afọ 2001, ma bụrụkwa naanị nwanyị onye Naijiria na Mass Communication ruru ogo dị otú ahụ n'ime ihe ruru afọ iri na abụọ (12) tupu onye nkụzi nke abụọ, site na ngalaba ahụ rukwazie ogo prọfesọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=media career development network|first=admin|date=2017-06-28|title=Meet UNILAG's first professor of Mass communication|url=http://mediacareerng.org/2017/06/28/meet-unilags-first-female-professor-of-mass-communication/|accessdate=2020-11-10|archivedate=2017-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701133853/http://www.mediacareerng.org/2017/06/28/meet-unilags-first-female-professor-of-mass-communication/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How becoming Nigeria’s first female Professor of Mass Communication humbled me —Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|accessdate=2020-11-10|archivedate=2022-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604130038/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ ruru ogo Dean, Faculty of [[:en:Social_science|Social Sciences]] na [[:en:Nnamdi_Azikiwe_University|Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] (site n'afọ 2016 ruo n'afọ 2019). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Stella Okunna is the New Social Sciences Faculty Dean|url=https://unizikinfo.com/2016/10/professor-stella-okunna-new-social-sciences-faculty-dean/|date=2016-10-27|accessdate=2020-11-10|archivedate=2020-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029195804/https://unizikinfo.com/2016/10/professor-stella-okunna-new-social-sciences-faculty-dean/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aplscd Celebrates Prof Stella Okunna As She Emerges New Dean Of Faculty Of Social Sciences, Unizik|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/233717/aplscd-celebrates-prof-stella-okunna-as-she-emerges-new-dean.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ bụrụla osote-Dean,site n'afọ 1996 ruo n'fọ 1998 nakwa Onye Isi, Ngalaba Mass Communication site n'afọ 1998 ruo n'afọ 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of Mass Communication|url=https://socialsciences.unizik.edu.ng/dept/mass-communication/history-of-mass-communication/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ike malite agụmakwụkwọ postgraduate (PGD, MSc na PhD) n'oge a, nakwa diplọma ọkachamara n'ịchụ nta akụkọ na ngalaba ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BULLETIN: ISSN 1595-1685 FEBRUARY 27, 2017 vol. 10 NO. 7|url=https://unizik.edu.ng/page/bulletin-issn-1595-1685-february-27-2017-vol-10-no-7/|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2017-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa, Stella Chinyere Okunna ejewo ozi dị ka;

* Onye otu National Universities Commission (NUC) Accreditation panels for Mass Communication &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prof. Chinyere Stella Okunna (Nee Adimora): Biography, Wiki, Birth And Family Fakaza|url=https://fakazamusic.co/prof-chinyere-stella-okunna-nee-adimora-biography-wiki-birth-and-family/|last=Small|first=Kabza De|date=2020-01-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* External Assessor for Professorship hopefuls 
* External Examiner 

Ihe ọ na-elekwasị anya na agụmakwụkwọ bụ [[:en:Development_communication|Development Communication]]/[[:en:Social_and_behavior_change_communication|Behaviour Change]] [[:en:Gender|Gender]] and Communication. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mass Communication Administration|url=https://socialsciences.unizik.edu.ng/dept/mass-communication/mass-communication-administration/|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ọrụ ọha ====
Site n’afọ 2006 ruo n'afọ 2014, Chinyere Stella Okunna lara ezumike nka na Mahadum Nnamdị Azikiwe were banye ọrụ ọha dịka Kọmishọna, Mịnịstrị nke Ozi na Omenala (ste n'afọ 2006 ruo n'afọ 2009). A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka atụmatụ akụ na ụba na mmefu ego yana Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka Developmen Partnership / Donor Agencies (site n'afọ 2009 ruo n'afọ 2014). Mgbe ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Kọmishọna, e mekwara ya ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi ndị ọrụ (2012–2014) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=list and portfolios: Pictures of new Anambra Commissioners|url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/19474/list-and-portfolios-pictures-of-new-anambra-commi.html|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anambra 2014: Why Gov Obi will not anoint a successor – Okunna, Chief of Staff|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/anambra-2014-why-gov-obi-will-not-anoint-a-successor-okunna-chief-of-staff/|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụkwazị onye isi oche,

* [[:en:Millennium_Development_Goals|Millennium Development Goals]] (MDGs) Implementation Committee (site n'afọ 2009 ruo n'afọ 2014) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MDGs In Anambra: The Good, The Bad And The Ugly|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/mdgs-anambra-good-bad-ugly/|date=2016-05-31|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Anambra State Committee on [[:en:Good_governance|Good Governance]] (site n'afọ 2007 ruo n'afọ 2014)
* Anambra State Vision 2020 (site n'afọ 2009 ruo n'afọ 2014)

Stella Chinyere Okunna jekwara ozi dị ka onye enyemaka na onye ndụmọdụ nye ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere;

* UNICEF
* UNFPA
* UNESCO
* DFID
* FHI 360
* SFH (Society for Health ezinụlọ)
* NUJ
* NAWOJ
* Erich Brost Institute for International Journalism at the Technical University of Dortmund in Germany
* NGE (Nigerian Guild of Editors)
* - CIRDDOC (Civil Resource Development and Documentation Centre),

===== Ọrụ obodo =====
Agụmakwụkwọ ya na mgbe o mechara banye n'ọrụ ọha na eze gosipụtara ya mkpa ndị obodo na otu ndị mmadụ, ndị NGO na ndị otu dị iche iche nwere ike i nyere ma gbaa ndị na-eto eto ume ka ha nweta agụmakwụkwọ. Site na otu NGO nke o guzobere (Adimora-Okunna Scholarship Foundation, 2003), o nweela ike nweta ego were nye;

* Ụgwọ akwụkwọ maka ndị nwere ọkwa mbụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị abụọ n'Ukpo 

* Ụgwọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụ amaala na-enweghị ego nke Ukpo na mahadum Nnamdị Azikiwe, dị n'Awka 
* Otu ụlọ elu (klaasị na ụlọ ule) na Walter Eze Memorial Secondary School, n'Ukpo. E mebere nke a n’afọ 2013 iji cheta ncheta afọ iri nke Adimora-Okunna Foundation 
* Onyinye Prọfesọ Chinyere Stella Okunna nke a na-eme kwa afọ maka nwata akwụkwọ kachasị mee ọfụma nke Mass Communication na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe - Puku Naịra iri ise (N50,000), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BULLETIN: ISSN 1595-1685 June 19, 2017 vol. 10 NO. 20|url=https://unizik.edu.ng/page/bulletin-issn-1595-1685-june-19-2017-vol-10-no-20/|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2017-06-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọnyinye Prọfesọ Chinyere Stella Okunna nke a na-eme kwa afọ maka nwata akwụkwọ kachasị mee ọfụma nke Faculty of Social Sciences  - Puku iri ise (N50,000) 
* Annual Best Ethical Journalist Award for [[:en:Nigeria_Union_of_Journalists|Nigerian Union of Journalists]] (NUJ) n'Anambra Steeti - Puku Naira iri ise (N50,000) 
* The Professor Chinyere Stella Okunna Legacy Building which houses the studios and facilities of UNIZIK 94.1FM Campus/Community Radio. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Female professor donates N35m radio station to UNIZIK|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/female-professor-donates-n35m-radio-station-to-unizik.html|last=Elekwa|first=Emma|date=2016-12-29|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First woman Mass Comm prof donates complex to UNIZIK campus radio|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/first-woman-mass-comm-prof-donates-complex-unizik-campus-radio/|date=2017-01-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Media Must Avoid Credibility Suicide – Selonnes Consult|url=https://selonnes.com/2016/12/20/nigerian-media-must-avoid-credibility-suicide/|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ugbu a (n'afọ 2020), Chinyere Stella Okunna bụ onye isi oche,ngalaba NIPR nke Anambra Steeti, Daịrektọ nke UNIZIK 94.1FM Campus / Community Radio Station na Prọfesọ nke Mass Communication na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe (UNIZIK), n'Awka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anambra: Okunna is new NIPR Chairperson|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/anambra-okunna-is-new-nipr-chairperson/|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2019-03-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche, Sensitization and Publicity subcommitee nke ndị ọrụCO VID-19 na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe.

== Ihe nrite na onyinye ==
Stella Chinyere Okunna a maara nke ọma na otu dị iche iche na otu fora dị ka onye ukwu na Mass Communication. Ọ bụ

* Ibe, [https://iamcr.org/ Nigerian Guild of Editors] (NGE). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journalism should be dignified – Okunna|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/10/11/journalism-should-be-dignified-okunna-2/|date=2018-10-11|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-10|archivedate=2021-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027202907/https://nationallightngr.com/2018/10/11/journalism-should-be-dignified-okunna-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ibe, [https://web.archive.org/web/20201029140254/http://nipr.org.ng/ Nigerian Institute of Public Relations] (NIPR) &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Onye otu, [https://iamcr.org/ International Association for Media and Communication Research] (IAMCR) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aberDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT215|title=Who's Who in Research: Media Studies|date=2013-01-01|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye otu, World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) 
* Onye otu, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200727170755/http://www.accenigeria.org/acce/ African Council for Communication Education] (ACCE) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=OKUNNA, Prof. Chinyere Stella, (nee Adimora)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okunna-prof-chinyere-stella-nee-adimora/|date=2017-02-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye otu Board of Trustees, [https://www.acspn.com.ng/ Association of Communication Communication and Professionals of Nigeria] (ACSPN). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees|url=https://www.acspn.com.ng/about-us/board-of-trustees/|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye otu na-achị achị, Mahadum Tansian 
* Kpakpando Ukpo (2003) 
* Onye otu bọọdụ, Echi Oma Africa Foundation &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=:: Echi Oma Africa Foundation|url=https://echiomaafrica.org/board.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ezinụlọ ==
Chinyere Stella Okunna lụrụ Eric Nwabuisi Okunna, onye ọkachamara banyere Ọrịa Obibi na akụkụ ahụ ụmụ nwanyị e ji a mụ nwa. Ha nwere ụmụaka isii (6) toro eto na ọzụzụ dị iche iche na ọtụtụ ụmụ ụmụ. 

== Mbipụta ==
Stella Chinyere Okunna nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ  ọgụgụ o bipụtara kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ na mpaghara Naijiria na mba ụwa dịka akụkọ, akwụkwọ, isi akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ monograf/oge ụfọdụ ma akwụkwọ ọgbakọ gụnyere;

2018 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/development-communication-in-governance-in-nigeria-people-at-the-centre-of-communication/oclc/1097459860 ''Development Communication in Governance in Nigeria: People at the Centre of Communication?''] 43&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Inaugural Lecture of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=admin|title=NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY HOLDS 43RD INAUGURAL LECTURE – Reality Newspaper|url=http://realitynewspaper.com.ng/2018/06/24/nnamdi-azikiwe-university-holds-43rd-inaugural-lecture/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-10|archivedate=2020-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603095559/http://realitynewspaper.com.ng/2018/06/24/nnamdi-azikiwe-university-holds-43rd-inaugural-lecture/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2017: Enhancing Media Relations by Public Relations Practitioners in Governance: Lessons from the Peter Obi Administration in Anambra State, 2006-2014. ''Public Relations Journal,'' Vol. 13, Nos. 1 &amp; 2, 2017.

2017 ''':''' Role of the Media in Building a Culture of Peace (C.S Okunna &amp; M. Popoola). In Pate, U. &amp; Oso, L. (ed.), ''[https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/sunday-trust/20170813/282303910238275 Multiculturalism, Diversity and Reporting Conflict in Nigeria].'' Ibadan: Evans Brothers Nigeria Limited 2017.

2017: “Communication Skills for Entrepreneurship”. In Alex Ikeme (ed), ''Entrepreneurship and Business Development''. Enugu: Grand-Heritage Global Communication, 2017.

2016: “Discourse on Social Media, Youths and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria” (C.S. Okunna &amp; N. M. Emmanuel). In J.O. Ezeokana et al (ed.), ''New Media and Capacity Building in Developing Economies''. Awka: Fab Anieh Nig. Ltd 2016.

2015 ''':''' ''Safety of Journalists in Nigeria.'' Abuja: UNESCO/NUJ, 2015 (C.S. Okunna &amp; M. Popoola).

2012: ''Introduction to Mass Communication''. Enugu: New Generation Books, 2012 (First published in 1994 by ABIC Books, Enugu – single author; 2nd Edition published in 1999 by New Generation Books – single author; 3rd Edition published in 2012 by New Generation – co-authored with K.A. Omenugha).

2008: Media, Ideology and the Nation: The Nigerian Press Coverage of the Danish Cartoon Crisis (C.S. Okunna &amp; K.A. Omenugha). ''Journal of Media and Communication'', Vol. 1 (1), 2008.

2007 ''':''' [https://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&amp;profile=ehost&amp;scope=site&amp;authtype=crawler&amp;jrnl=01435558&amp;asa=Y&amp;AN=25350888&amp;h=ilJZDdmKk6qqrpTXxsCdjpFB9GAXxVXQK5J8IZ65mVsPjflRc89Q4DrIG0q3ToFsT5YXis%2bees7dKM0FUbPoog%3d%3d&amp;crl=c&amp;resultNs=AdminWebAuth&amp;resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&amp;crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d01435558%26asa%3dY%26AN%3d25350888 Religion Constrains HIV/AIDS Reporting in Nigeria (C.S. Okunna &amp; I.V. Dunu). ''Media Development'' (Toronto, Ontario, Canada: World Association for Christian Communication).]

2005 ''':''' “[https://web.archive.org/web/20201114223650/https://oer.unn.edu.ng/read/re-inventing-media-content-in-nigeria-creating-a-balance-between-social-responsibility-and-business-concern-vol-2-no-1-2005 Re-inventing Media Content: Creating a Balance Between Social Responsibility and Business Concern]”. ''International Journal of Communication''.

2005 - Okunna, Stella Chinyere, Nwanguma, Edith &amp; Kevin Ejiofor  – [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/communicating-policy-reforms-between-the-government-the-press-and-the-people/ ''Communicating policy reforms: between the government, the press and the people'']

2005 - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233517277_Women_as_invisible%27_as_ever_in_Nigeria%27s_news_media ''Women: as `invisible' as ever in Nigeria's news media'']

2004 - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265524551_Communication_and_Conflict_A_Commentary_on_the_Role_of_the_Media ''Communication and conflict: a commentary on the role of the media'']

2002 (Ed. ) - ''Teaching Mass Communication: A Multi-Dimensional Approach''..

1996 - [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.604.7605&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf ''Portrayal of women in Nigerian home video films: empowerment or subjugation'']

1995 - [https://archive.ccrvoices.org/articles/small-participatory-media-technology-as-an-agent-of-social-change-in-nigeria-a-non-existent-option.html ''Small participatory media technology as an agent of social change in Nigeria: a non-existent option?'']
[[Usòrò:Prof_Chinyere_Stella_Okunnna_2.jpg|alt=|thumb| Okanmuta Chinyere Stella Okunna]]
1995 - ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/ethics-of-mass-communication/oclc/744633743 Ethics of Mass communication]''

1994 - Chinyere Stella Okunna, Itsejuwa Esanjumi Sagay, Mallam Lawan Danbazau. ''Communication Training and Practice in Nigeria: Issues and Perspectives'', Issues 1-4

1993 - C.S.Okunna, C. Amafili, and N. Okunna (Eds.). ''Theory and practice of mass communiation.'' ABIC. Enugu

1993: ''Theory and Practice of Mass Communication.'' Enugu: ABIC Books, 1993 (Edited by C.S. Okunna, C. Amafili &amp; S.N. Okenwa). 

1993 - Onuora, Emmanuel &amp; Okunna, Chinyere &amp; Ayo, Johnson. [https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=Q00007380 ''Media Use, Knowledge of World Affairs and Image of Nations Among Nigerian Youth''.]

1992 - [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/La-Faculte-Feminine-dans-l-'-Education-au-Nigeria-%3A-Okunna/19e046177176fcbbd6bf00b73c64de729bf45eda ''Female Faculty in Journalism education in Nigeria: Implications for status of women in the society'']

''Female Faculty in Journalism Education in Nigeria: Implications for the Status of Women in the Society''. ''Africa Media Review'' (Nairobi: ACCE), Vol. 6, No. 1, 1992.

1992: [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sources-of-Development-Information-among-Rural-in-A-Okunna/685998fef2f3a3d926dffb133d6cb93d8bc25f98 ''Communication for Self-Reliance Among Rural Women in Nigeria.''] ''Media Development'' (London: World Association for Christian Communication). Vol. 1, 1992.

1991: ''The Changing Patterns of Journalism Education and Recruitment in Nigeria'' ''CAEJAC Journal'' (Ontario: Journal of Commonwealth Association for Education in Journalism and Communication – CAEJAC), Vol. 3, 1990/1991.

1990 ''':''' ''Freedom of the Press in the Third World: Freedom for Whom''? Nigerian Journal of Mass Communication'','' Vol. 1, No. 1, 1990. 

== Ebe nsidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ dị na mpụga ==

* https://web.archive.org/web/20231009102837/http://docplayer.net/31086135-Curriculum-vitae-institutional-affiliation-nnamdi-azikiwe-university-awka-anambra-state-nigeria.html
{{DEFAULTSORT:Okunna,Stella Chinyere}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Breaded Life</title>
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'''''Breaded Life''''' bụ ihe nkiri nke Nigeria nke 2021 nke Biodun Stephen dere ma duzie ya. Biodun Stephen, Tara Ajibulu na Kayode Sowade rụkọrọ ya ọnụ. Ọ bụ gosipitara MC Lively, Bisola Aiyeola, Timini Egbuson, [[Bimbo Ademoye]], [[Bolanle Ninalowo]] na Adedimeji Lateef . Emere ya na Eprel 10, 2021 na iMax sinima Lagos wee wepụta ya na mba niile na 16 Eprel 2021. Ọ bụ ihe nto ọchị nke ihe nkiri ihunanya nke afọ 2016, [[Foto zuru oke (ihe nkiri 2016)|Picture Perfect]] ma nwee ụfọdụ ndị mere ihe nkiri a mbụ sitere na ''Picture Perfect'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwafor|date=2021-04-12|title=Breaded life, the Anticipated Sequel to 'Picture Perfect' hits Cinema April 16|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/breaded-life-the-anticipated-sequel-to-picture-perfect-hits-cinema-april-16/|accessdate=2021-04-17|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Atụmatụ ==
''Breaded Life  na-'' agbaso ihe omume nke nwa nwoke dị mpako na nke e mebiri emebi nke si n'ụlọ ndi bara ọgaranya na-eme ka ọ mụta nkuzi ndụ n'ụzọ siri ike. Ọ na-esote nwa okorobịa na-aghọtahieghị aghọta mana wee obi ike (Timini Egbuson) nke hụrụ onye na-ere achịcha (Bimbo Ademoye) n'anya. Nne ya (Tina Mba) na-ekwusi okwu ike na ọnọdụ ahụ. Ndụ ya na onye na-ere achịcha na-ekpughe ya na ndụ n'okpuru ụwa ebe a jidere ya. Nke a mere ka ya na nne ya nọrọ n'ụzọ agha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ekechukwu|first=Ferdinand|date=2021-03-27|title=Biodun Stephen's Breaded Life is Ready|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/27/biodun-stephens-breaded-life-is-ready/|accessdate=2021-04-17|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkedo ==

* MC Lively
* [[Bisola Aiyeola]]
* Timini Egbuson
* [[Bimbo Ademoye]]
* Bolanle Ninalowo
* Adedimeji Lateef
* [[Tina Mba]]
* Amuda Eko
* Ọkpụkpụ na-atọ ọchị
* [[Jide Kosoko]]
* Lizzy Jay
* Nkechi Blessing Sunday
* Tomiwa Sage
* Karen Spikes

== Mmepụta na ntọhapụ ==
Dị ka Biodun Stephen si kwuo, ''Breaded Life'' bụ akụkọ ndụ n'ezie sitere n'ahụmahụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adelagun|first=Oluwakemi|date=2021-04-16|title=New Nollywood comedy 'Breaded Life' hits cinemas|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/455641-new-nollywood-comedy-breaded-life-hits-cinemas.html|accessdate=2021-04-17|work=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmepụta ahụ bụ mmekorita n'etiti ọrụ Shutterspeed na David Wade. Ihe nkiri ahụ were ụbọchị iri na isii. Ndị otu na-emepụta ihe ga-emekọrịta ihe na Area Boys ka ha na-eme ihe nkiri na Agege Market. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kenechukwu|first=Stephen|date=2021-04-11|title='Breaded Life' screens in Lagos ahead of cinema debut|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/breaded-life-screens-in-lagos-ahead-of-cinema-debut/|accessdate=2021-04-17|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== nnabata ==
Onye na-enyocha Sodas N Popcorn kwuru na ''Breaded Life'' &quot;kụrụ ihe ndetu ziri ezi&quot; mana o nwere ntụpọ ụfọdụ metụtara nkata na njedebe na ozi izugbe nke ihe nkiri ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ajao|first=Kunle|date=2021-04-19|title=Movie Review: Bimbo Ademoye and a cast that Butters 'Breaded Life'|url=https://sodasandpopcorn.ng/breaded-life-review-bimbo-ademoye-cast/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Sodas 'N' Popcorn Blog|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212420/https://sodasandpopcorn.ng/breaded-life-review-bimbo-ademoye-cast/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye nyocha ọzọ kwuputara na ihe nkiri ahụ ruru ego sinima mana ọ na-ekwu na Egbuson bụ ihe nkedo dịka nwata mebiri emebi ebe Ninalowo na-eme ihe nkedo dịka nwata nwoke mpaghara . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=Movie Review: Breaded Life delivers laughter, tears, life lessons and even more!|url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/2021/04/movie-review-breaded-life.html|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Kemi Filani News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe dị ka nde ₦10 na ngwụcha izu mmalite &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=It took me 3 years to make 'Breaded Life' - filmmaker, Biodun Stephen|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/it-took-me-3-years-to-make-breaded-life-filmmaker-biodun-stephen/sesrfm3|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213843/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/it-took-me-3-years-to-make-breaded-life-filmmaker-biodun-stephen/sesrfm3}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nde ₦32 n'izu nke abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-27|title=5 top grossing Nollywood movies this April|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/5-top-grossing-nollywood-movies-this-april/52b6907|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Nollywood movies in 2021 - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/05/04/top-10-nollywood-movies-in-2021/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=pmnewsnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsidee ==
{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Chavonda Jacobs-Young</title>
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[[Usòrò:Chavonda Jacobs-Young - USDA Agricultural Research Service Administrator.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]]
'''Chavonda Jacobs-Young''' (amụrụ 1967 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Barancik|first=Sue|title=Guide to Collective Biographies for Children and Young Adults|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8108-5033-0|pages=159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) bụ onye isi gọọmentị America &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://info.umkc.edu/unews/celebrating-women-in-stem-dr-chavonda-jacobs-young/|title=Celebrating Women in STEM: Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young - University News {{!}}|author=Weston|first=Madalyn|date=2020-03-12|work=University News- University of Missouri-Kansas City|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314163131/https://info.umkc.edu/unews/celebrating-women-in-stem-dr-chavonda-jacobs-young/|archivedate=2020-03-14|accessdate=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-eje ozi dị ka onye nchịkwa nke Ọrụ nyocha Ugbo nke US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://worldagnetwork.com/interview-dr-chavonda-jacobs-young-administrator-of-the-agricultural-research-service-and-mojdeh-bahar-assistant-administrator-for-technology-transfer/|title=Interview: Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young, Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service, and Mojdeh Bahar, Assistant Administrator for Technology Transfer - World Agriculture Network|date=2017-05-23|work=World Agriculture Network|accessdate=2018-04-13|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ nyocha ọrụ ugbo bụ onye isi USDA, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha sayensị nke ụlọ nwere ndị sayensị otu puku na narị asatọ nakwa ụlọ nyocha iri itoolu n'ụwa niile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/youth_programs/global_youth_institute/interview_with_dr_chavonda_jacobsyoung/?preview=1|title=Interview with Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young - The World Food Prize - Improving the Quality, Quantity and Availability of Food in the World|author=World Food Prize|first=|date=|work=www.worldfoodprize.org|language=en-us|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706221558/https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/youth_programs/global_youth_institute/interview_with_dr_chavonda_jacobsyoung/?preview=1|archivedate=2022-07-06|accessdate=2020-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jacobs-Young ka akpọrọ onye nchịkwa na February 2014; ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na onye nwere agba na-edu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/docs/biographical-sketch-of-the-administrators-office/|title=Biographical Sketch of the Administrator's Office : USDA ARS|work=ars.usda.gov|accessdate=2018-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspirational women in STEM and tech: “Be True to Your Team” with Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young {{!}} RIPE|url=https://ripe.illinois.edu/news/inspirational-women-stem-and-tech-be-true-your-team-dr-chavonda-jacobs-young|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=ripe.illinois.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1998, Jacobs-Young ghọrọ nwanyị [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Africa-American]] mbụ nwetara Ph.D. na akwụkwọ sayensị . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Jacobs-Young bụ onye Augusta, Georgia . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Hephzibah High School na 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.allgov.com/news/appointments-and-resignations/administrator-of-the-agricultural-research-service-who-is-chavonda-jacobs-young-141101?news=854693|title=Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service: Who Is Chavonda Jacobs-Young?|work=AllGov|accessdate=2018-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na oge ya na North Carolina State University, o sonye na ihe omume dị elu ma bụrụ onye mmeri nke Atlantic Coast Conference ugboro atọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2017/06/06/a-usda-administrators-leadership-style-good-or-bad-im-authentic/|title=This USDA administrator’s leadership style?: 'Good or bad, I'm authentic'|author=Fox|first=Tom|date=2017-06-06|work=Washington Post|accessdate=2018-04-13|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Jacobs-Young nwetara nzere Bachelor nke Sayensị na sayensị akwụkwọ nakwa injinia (1989, NC State) nakwa nzere Masta nke Sayensị na sayensị osisi na akwụkwọ (1992, NC State). Mgbe ahụ na 1998, ọ nwetara nzere Ph.D na sayensị akwụkwọ na North Carolina State University. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2008, Jacobs-Young nwetara Asambodo Nduzi Ọha na mmejuputa iwu ọha site na Mahadum America dị na Washington, DC &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ ọkachamara ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị Ph.D ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka Prọfesọ nke Sayensị akwụkwọ na Injinia na Mahadum Washington site na 1995 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/17486798-chavonda-jacobs-young|title=Chavonda Jacobs-Young, United States Agricultural Research Service: Profile &amp; Biography|work=Bloomberg|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2002, a bịakwutere Jacobs-Young maka ịbanye na gọọmentị etiti. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ hụrụ ohere ịmụta banyere ọrụ gọọmenti etiti wee were ọrụ dị ka onye isi mmemme nke mba na nyocha, agụmakwụkwọ, nakwa Extension State Cooperative. N'ikpeazụ, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi nyocha amụma maka ọrụ ugbo na Office of Science and Technology Policy nke White House. N'ime ikike a, ọ kwadoro onye ndụmọdụ sayensị nke onye isi ala na ndị ọzọ nọ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi nke Onye isi ala na ọrụ dị iche iche nke sayensị ugbo. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe Gọọmenti Etiti iji kwalite imekọ ihe ọnụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ihe gbasara sayensị kacha mkpa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na USDA n'uju n'afọ 2010, Jacobs-Young nyere aka guzobe ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi onye isi nke nnyocha n'ụlọọrụ USDA. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ kwadoro nhazi nke nduzi sayensị n'ofe Ngalaba ahụ ma hụ na ụkpụrụ kachasị elu nke ọgụgụ isi na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke sayensị maka nyocha a na-agbasa site na ngalaba ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Jacobs-Young jekwara ozi dị ka onye na-eme ihe nchịkwa maka National Institute of Food and Agriculture nke ụlọ ọrụ USDA tupu ọ banye na Ọrụ nyocha nke ọrụ ugbo na 2012 dị ka onye nchịkwa maka mmemme nyocha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye so na United States Senior Executive Service, onye otu American Association for the Advancement of Science, onye so na National Academy of Public Administration, na onye isi oche ọkwa onye mmeri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Na Machị 2022, a gụnyere Jacobs-Young na #IfThenSheCan - Ihe ngosi gburugburu National Mall n'ememe nke ọnwa akụkọ ihe mere eme ụmụ nwanyị; ihe ngosi ahụ nwere ihe oyiyi ruru otu narị na iri abụo nke ndụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara STEM. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=#IfThenSheCan – The Exhibit|url=https://ifthenexhibit.org/|accessdate=2022-03-08|work=ifthenexhibit.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women's Futures Month|url=https://www.si.edu/womensfutures|accessdate=2022-03-08|work=Smithsonian Institution|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mpuga isi mmalite ==

* [https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/hearings/to-consider-the-following-nominations-chavonda-j-jacobs-young-to-be-under-secretary-of-agriculture-for-research-education-and-economics-usda-and-margo-schlanger-to-be-an-assistant-secretary-of-agriculture-usda Nhọpụta Nhọpụta] n'ihu Kọmitii Senate United States na Agriculture, Nutrition, &amp;amp;amp; Forestry iji tụlee nhọpụta Onye isi ala Biden nke Chavonda Jacobs-Young maka onye odeakwụkwọ nke Agriculture maka nyocha, Education, na Economics (US Department of Agriculture).
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacobs-Young, Chavonda}}</text>
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'''TALKAM''' bụ atụmatụ nke Devatop Center for Africa Development na ụlọ ọrụ ikike mmadụ dị n'ịntanetị nke na-enye ozi dị iche iche na ozi ndabere data gbasara ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ na ikike mmadụ maka ndị òtù obodo, òtù, ọkachamara na mmepe, ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ, ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu, na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Talkam.org|url=https://talkam.org/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Talkam.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228085851/https://www.talkam.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọzụzụ gbasara nkwado ==
Gọọmenti [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States of America]] ekwela nkwa ịkwado ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria n'ịlụso ịgba ohu nke oge a ọgụ n' ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ na mbubata ndị mbata. N'oge mmemme nke ụlọ ọrụ US Embassy dị [[Abuja|n'Abuja]] na mmekorita ya na DEVATOP center for African development &quot;TALKAM&quot; Human Right Project kwadoro nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Ịmalite mmata banyere ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ na [[Iba|ịba]] ụba akụkọ ikpe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-27|title=US pledges to support Nigeria’s fight against modern-day slavery|url=https://punchng.com/us-pledges-to-support-nigerias-fight-against-modern-day-slavery/|accessdate=2022-03-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; TALKAM(Abuja) Òtù na-ahụ maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ zụrụ ndị Naijiria iri isii na abụọ n'ofe steeti iri atọ na isii ahụ atụmatụ maka ịlụso ọgụ megide ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị (GBV) na steeti ha dị iche iche iji mụbaa akụkọ, akwụkwọ na nzaghachi maka mmegide ikike mmadụ site na iji ngwa teknụzụ. Ezubere ọzụzụ a iji wulite mmekpa ahụ mmadụ na-adịgide adịgide &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-19|title=Advocacy group trains 72 Nigerians on combating GBV|url=https://guardian.ng/news/advocacy-group-trains-72-nigerians-on-combating-gbv/|accessdate=2022-03-30|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401060924/https://guardian.ng/news/advocacy-group-trains-72-nigerians-on-combating-gbv/}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

== Ngwa Mkpanaka na ikpe ==
ngwa mkpanaaka TALKAM na-enye ozi dị iche iche na data gbasara mmetọ ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị maka ndị otu obodo, otu, ndị ọkachamara mmepe, ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ, ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ndị nwere mmasị nka nwere ike ịgụ ọkwa, nyocha na akwụkwọ akụkọ. Enwere ike iji mee mkpesa maka ihe ọ bụla gbasara ịzụ ahịa. Ngwa MkpanakaTALKAM dị na google play store. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TALKAM Human Rights Project|url=https://www.devatop.org/talkam-human-rights-project/|accessdate=2022-03-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe mmalite nke afọ 2020, TALKAM edekọla ihe karịrị ikpe mmadụ iri asaa, ma nwee ike ịzaghachi ihe karịrị ikpe iri atọ.

== Ngwa nke TALKAM ==
Ṅkpate: (Na-enye ozi ọhụrụ gbasara ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ dị iche iche na-emetụta obodo n'ozuzu ya. Nye ozi n'oge gbasara okwu gbasara ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ ugbu a, adịghị ike, na nrigbu na Naijiria. )

Akwụkwọ akụkọ: (Na enye nchịkọta kwa ọnwa nke ihe omume, mmemme gbasara ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ ugbu a na Human Trafficking Bullen na Naijria

Nkwupụta nyocha: (Nke a na-enye mmelite ma ọ bụ akụkọ nyocha, ma ọ bụ ntuli aka emere na okwu gbasara ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, ọpụpụ oge niile, na ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke)

Nyocha: (Nyocha kwa afọ maka ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ, ịkwaga n'oge ọ bụla na ime ihe ike dabere na okike na Nigeria. ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TALKAM Human Rights Project|url=https://www.devatop.org/talkam-human-rights-project/|accessdate=2022-03-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmekọrịta na Nkwado ==
n'ihi ọrụ nkwado ya TALKAM adọtala mmekorita na nkwado site na:

* Ebe International Center for Investigative Reporting &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olufemi|first=Rosemary|title=ICIR-supported radio programme against human trafficking commences|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/icir-supported-radio-programme-against-human-trafficking-commences/|work=International Centre for Investigative Reporting|publisher=ICIR|accessdate=30 March 2022|date=26 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
* Ụlọ ọrụ mba maka mmachibido ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ ([[National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons|NAPTIP]]).
* Accion Contra La Trata &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TALKAM begins against human trafficking and gender violence in Nigeria / Comienza TALKAM contra la trata de personas y la violencia machista en Nigeria|url=https://accioncontralatrata.com/2021/02/12/devatop-talkam/|work=Accion Contra La Trata|accessdate=30 March 2022|language=es|archivedate=15 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415163729/https://accioncontralatrata.com/2021/02/12/devatop-talkam/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ọrụ US Embassy Nigeria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=U.S Embassy supports TALKAM, local radio programme in Abuja|url=https://dailynigerian.com/embassy-supports-talkam-local/|work=Daily Nigerian|accessdate=30 March 2022|date=2 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmemme redio ==
&quot;TALKAM RADIO&quot; aghọwala aha ezinụlọ, TALKAM bụ ihe nkwado pidgin English na cool FM 96.9, WAZOBIA 99.5, na KU FM kwa Satọde na Sọnde na 5PM &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-19|title=Advocacy group trains 72 Nigerians on combating GBV|url=https://guardian.ng/news/advocacy-group-trains-72-nigerians-on-combating-gbv/|accessdate=2022-03-30|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401060924/https://guardian.ng/news/advocacy-group-trains-72-nigerians-on-combating-gbv/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TALKAM Human Rights Project|url=https://www.devatop.org/talkam-human-rights-project/|accessdate=2022-03-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Human rights in Nigeria]]
[[Òtù:Ahia itụ mgbere mmadụ na Naijiria]]
[[Òtù:Ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado ikike mmadụ]]
[[Òtù:Ahia itụ mgbere mmadụ na Afrika]]</text>
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    <title>Eric Adjetey Anang</title>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Usòrò:Limo_design_coffin.png|thumb|Igbe ozu Limo, nke Eric Adjetey Anang dere, 2014]]
[[Usòrò:Spider.png|thumb|Spider Coffin, Eric Adjetey Anang]]
'''Eric Adjetey Anang''' (pronunciation ; amụrụ n'afọ 1985) bụ onye Ghana na-akpụ ihe na onye ọkwá nkà. A mụrụ ya na Teshie, [[Ghana]] ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop. Ọ na-enwe ebe obibi abụọ ugbu a ma kewaa oge ya n'etiti Ghana na Madison, [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]], ebe ọ na-achụso ọrụ pụrụ iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/eric-adjetey-anang-chosen-for-community-based-artist-residency-in-thurber-park|title=Eric Adjetey Anang Chosen for Community-Based Artist Residency in Thurber Park|author=|first=|date=October 17, 2019|work=www.cityofmadison.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323014740/https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/eric-adjetey-anang-chosen-for-community-based-artist-residency-in-thurber-park|archivedate=2020-03-23|accessdate=2020-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ualr.edu/news/2020/01/13/spring-2020-exhibits/|title=New UA Little Rock art exhibits feature coffins from Ghana, contemporary British ceramics, and permanent collection|date=2020-01-13|work=News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-23|archivedate=2020-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323023210/https://ualr.edu/news/2020/01/13/spring-2020-exhibits/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
N'afọ 2001, o webatara igbe ozu Ghana na [[Gidan Makama Museum Kano]], Nigeria, n'okpuru nkwado nke Alliance française na Kano. Ọ gụsịrị agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Accra Academy.

== Ọrụ ==

=== Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop ===
Adjetey Anang [https://www.facebook.com/ericadjeteyanang/videos/10217775872652705/ kọwara n'ajụjụ ọnụ] na echiche igbe ozu efu malitere mgbe nna nna ya na-ewu palanquin maka onye isi obodo, mana onye isi ahụ nwụrụ tupu ya enwee ike ịnya ya ma ezinụlọ ahụ kpebiri na a ga-eli ya n'ime ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://arktimes.com/to-do-list/celebrating-death-fantasy-coffins-of-ghana-by-eric-adjetey-anang/2020-01-27|title=Celebrating Death: Fantasy Coffins of Ghana by Eric Adjetey Anang|work=Arkansas Times|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-23|archivedate=2020-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323023209/https://arktimes.com/to-do-list/celebrating-death-fantasy-coffins-of-ghana-by-eric-adjetey-anang/2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2005, ọ weghaara njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nke Seth Kane Kwei guzobere, n'ihi ọchịchọ &quot;ibuli aha nna nna ya ma hụ ụwa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=culturebase.net|url=http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?153|title=Kane Kwei artist portrait|publisher=culturebase.net|accessdate=2013-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111012926/http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?153|archivedate=2012-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://actesbranly.revues.org/227|title=Histoire de l'art et anthropol... - Abebuu adekai chez les Ga du G... - Roberta Bonetti - Musée du quai Branly (département de la recherche et de l'enseignement)|publisher=Actesbranly.revues.org|date=2009-07-28|accessdate=2013-03-29|chapter=Abebuu adekai chez les Ga du Ghana. Un regard anthropologique sur l'image|author=Bonetti|first=Roberta|doi=10.4000/actesbranly.227|url=http://journals.openedition.org/actesbranly/227}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime obere oge, Adjetey Anang ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a na Ghana na onye na-eme igbe ozu a ma ama na mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://acd-ocac.pnca.edu/lecture-series-1|title=14/15 LECTURE SERIES|work=MFA Applied Craft + Design|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-23|archivedate=2020-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323023211/http://acd-ocac.pnca.edu/lecture-series-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Eric_Adjetey_Anang,_Aalborg,_Denmark,_2013.JPG|thumb|Eric Adjetey Anang n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ maka Danish TV. Ọ na-ekwu okwu banyere igbe ozu ndị e nyere maka Images Festival 2013.]]
Na Jenụwarị 2010, Adjetey Anang sonyere na ọrụ foto a kpọrọ Please, do not move! ya na onye French na-ese foto bụ Guy Hersant. Na ngwụcha otu afọ ahụ, a kpọrọ ya na Black World Festival na Dakar dị ka onye nnọchi anya ndị na-emepụta ihe si Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.panapress.com/L-artiste-ghaneen-Eric-Anang-expose-ses-cercueils-de-fantaisie-a-Dakar--13-748136-17-lang3-index.html|title=L'artiste ghanéen Eric Anang expose ses cercueils de fantaisie à Dakar|work=panapress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nka na mba United States ===
N'afọ 2009, Adjetey Anang haziri maka Oregon College of Art &amp; Craft's Senior Lecturer Michael de Forest ịbịa Ghana maka ebe obibi onye na-ese ihe ọnwa abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Michael deForest|url=http://michaeldeforeststudio.blogspot.com/|title=Apprentice Coffin Maker|publisher=Michaeldeforeststudio.blogspot.com|date=|accessdate=2013-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.michaeldeforeststudio.com/|title=michaeldeforeststudio.com|publisher=michaeldeforeststudio.com|date=|accessdate=2013-03-29|archivedate=2025-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619163144/http://michaeldeforeststudio.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2019 Furniture Society Conference nke emere na Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design, Adjetey Anang na Michael de Forest bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu ogbako ma nye ihe ngosi akpọrọ &quot;Research as Adventure: Scratching the Itch of Curiosity Until It Smacks You in the Face&quot;. Adjetey Anang nyekwara ihe ngosi ime igbe ozu na-egosi usoro nke iji ngwá ọrụ aka mee ihe ọkpụkpụ osisi nwere oghere, gbagọrọ agbagọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://inspiration.furnsoc.org/fs-speaker/eric-adjetey-anang/|title=Eric Adjetey Anang – The Furniture Society|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-23|archivedate=2020-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323212123/http://inspiration.furnsoc.org/fs-speaker/eric-adjetey-anang/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://inspiration.furnsoc.org/fs-session/building-hollow-sculpture-coffins/|title=Building Hollow Sculpture Coffins – The Furniture Society|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-23|archivedate=2020-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323033254/http://inspiration.furnsoc.org/fs-session/building-hollow-sculpture-coffins/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adjetey Anang esonyewo na ọtụtụ ebe obibi ndị na-ese ihe na ọmụmụ ihe n'ụwa niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2014, ọ bụ onye bi na Windgate ITE International Residency na Center for Art in Wood na Philadelphia, PA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://centerforartinwood.org/exhibition/allturnatives-form-spirit-2014/|title=allTURNatives: Form + Spirit 2014|work=The Center for Art in Wood|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-23|archivedate=2020-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323023213/https://centerforartinwood.org/exhibition/allturnatives-form-spirit-2014/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ 2019-2020 Thurber Park Artist-in-Resident, tinyere ọnụ site na Madison Arts Commission na Bubbler na Madison Public Library na Madison, Wisconsin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

O mere ihe ngosi naanị ya na Mahadum nke [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]] Little Rock Windgate Center for Art + Design na 2020 nke akpọrọ Celebrating Death: Fantasy Coffins of Ghana nke Eric Adjetey Anang dere. Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara igbe ozu Adjetey Anang sitere na nnukwu ose na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ nwere nku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ualr.edu/art/event/celebrating-death-fantasy-coffins-of-ghana-by-eric-adjetey-anang/|title=Celebrating Death: Fantasy Coffins of Ghana by Eric Adjetey Anang|author=|first=|date=|work=Department of Art and Design|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323023210/https://ualr.edu/art/event/celebrating-death-fantasy-coffins-of-ghana-by-eric-adjetey-anang/|archivedate=2020-03-23|accessdate=2020-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Ndị Ọkammụta ===
Eric Adjetey Anang na-etinyekwa aka na nyocha anthropological metụtara ndị Ga na Roberta Bonetti, onye prọfesọ mmekọ na History of Anthropology na Mahadum Bologna na Onye Mmekọ na Italian Academy for Advanced Studies, Mahadum Columbia .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unibo.it/SitoWebDocente/default.htm?UPN=roberta.bonetti3%40unibo.it|title=Roberta Bonetti|publisher=Unibo.it|date=2012-08-21|accessdate=2013-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/archaeology/events/main/columbia_conf/archives.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629101806/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/archaeology/events/main/columbia_conf/archives.html|archivedate=2010-06-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ==
Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ French ''Le Monde diplomatique'' nabatara Eric Adjetey Anang dị ka &quot;ihe nlereanya maka ndị ntorobịa obodo Afrịka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blog.mondediplo.net/2009-10-30-Cette-annee-la-bonne-gouvernance-n-a-pas-de-prix#Fiers-d-etre-ghaneens|title=Le Monde Diplo|publisher=Blog.mondediplo.net|date=2009-10-30|accessdate=2013-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnabata ==
N'afọ 2009, e gosipụtara Adjetey Anang na mgbasa ozi telivishọn maka ihe ọṅụṅụ ike Aquarius., onye chọrọ ịkọ akụkọ banyere ndị dị adị na ndị dị egwu. Azụmahịa ahụ kọrọ akụkọ banyere Adjetey Anang na igbe ozu na-azụ ahịa, ma gụnye ihe karịrị ndị otu obodo 300 n'otu obodo azụ a na-akpọ Teshie, na Accra, [[Ghana]].

WPT / Wisconsin Life gosipụtara akụkụ na 2018 nke a na-akpọ Coffin Life banyere Adjetey Anang na ọrụ ya, nke meriri Emmy maka Nrụpụta Pụrụ Iche maka Mmemme Magazin - Nkebi na Chicago / Midwest Isi nke National Academy of Television Arts &amp; Sciences .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Duro Ladipo</title>
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'''Durodola Durosomo Duroorike Timothy Adisa Ladipo''' {{Audio|Yo-Duro Ladipo.ogg|Audio}} (December 18, 1926 – March 11, 1978), nke a maara dịka '''Duro Ladipo''', bụ otu n'ime ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] a maara nke ọma na ndị a ma ama nke ọma bụ ndị si na mechaa ndị megidere mba Afrịka pụta. Mgbe ọ na-ede naanị n'asụsụ Yoruba, ọ masịrị mmụọ ihe atụ nke akụkọ ifo Yoruba na egwuregwu ya, nke e mechara gbanwee na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ dị ka foto, igwe onyonyo na sinima. Egwuregwu ya a ma ama, ''Ọba kò so'' (The King did not Hang), ihe nkiri nke akụkọ ọdịnala Yoruba banyere otú  Óango si ghọọ Orisha nke Thunder, natara otuto mba ụwa na mmemme nkà nke Commonwealth  mbụ n'afọ 1965 na njem mba [[Obodo Békè|Europe]], ebe onye nkatọ Berlin, Ulli Beier, jiri Ladipọ tụnyere Karajan.&lt;ref&gt;Ulli Beier, p.c. (1965) to Prof. Herbert F. W. Stahlke.&lt;/ref&gt; Ladipo na-emekarị ihe nkiri nke ya.

== Mmalite ndụ ya ==
A mụrụ Durodola Durosomo (ma ọ bụ Durosinmi) Duroorike Timothy Adisa Ladipo na Disemba 18, 1926 nye Joseph Oni Ladipo na Dorcas Towobola Ajike Ladipo .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1140|title=Ladipo, Durodola Adisa|first=sola|author=olorunyomi|editor=Akyeampong|date=October 11, 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=9780195382075}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-49221|title=Ladipo, Durodola Adisa|work=Oxford African American Studies Center|year=2011|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49221|author=Olorunyomi|first=Sola}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ebe na-ekwu na a mụrụ ya n'afọ 1931, mana o yikarịrị ka ekwuru nke a n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/thesis_for_oluseyi_ogunjobi.pdf|title=THE ORIGINS OF DURO LADIPO'S THEATRE|work=www.obafemio.com|accessdate=2020-10-11|archivedate=2021-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151532/http://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/thesis_for_oluseyi_ogunjobi.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi na a mụrụ Ladipo mgbe ụmụ itoolu nke nne na nna ya nwụrụ tupu ọ dị otu afọ, a kwenyere na Ladipo bụ abiku.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt; Abiku, nke pụtara amụrụ ka ọ nwụọ, bụ echiche ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke enwere mmụọ nwere ahụ nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nke nne ma ọ bụ nna ma dịrị ndụ iji kpatara ya ihe mgbu na mwute. Nanị ụzọ a pụrụ isi dozie nke a bụ site na itinye aka n'emume siri ike nke e mere iji jikọta nwatakịrị ahụ na ụwa a ma ọ bụ mee ka mmụọ ọjọọ ahụ kwenye na ọnwụ ya agaghị eweta mwute. Nke a bụ ihe mere e ji nwee ike ịhụ ụfọdụ ụmụaka na aha na-enweghị mmasị. A pụrụ ịhụ Ladipo bụ abiku site n'ọtụtụ aha ya malite na dúró, okwu Yoruba nke pụtara ịnọ, ichere, ma ọ bụ ịnọgide. Aha ya bụ Dúródọlá pụtara &quot;chere akụ na ụba&quot;, na-anwa ime ka ọ nọrọ ma nwee obi ụtọ na ndụ, Dúróṣọmọ́ pụtara &quot;nọrọ ka ọ bụrụ nwa anyị&quot;, mgbanwe ọzọ, Dúrósinmí pụtara &quot;nọrọ ka m lie m,&quot; na Dúróorík'́ pụtara &quot;nọrọ iji hụ otú anyị ga-elekọta gị.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na Joseph na Dorcas Ladipo bụ Ndị Kraịst Anglịkan na-anụ ọkụ n'obi bụ ndị jụrụ nkwenkwe nke nne na nna ha, ha nwere nsogbu nke ukwuu site n'ihe onwunwe abiku nke na maka Ladipo, ha gakwuuru onye ụkọchukwu ọdịnala Ifa, ma ọ bụ Babalawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt; Mgbe Duro lanarịrị nwa ọhụrụ, nne na nna ya mụrụ ụmụ ise ọzọ, gụnyere ụmụ ejima, ndị niile lanarịrị nwa ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Nna nna Ladipo bụ onye na-agba egwu nke gangan na onye na-efe chi Shango onye gbanahụrụ Agha Jalumi site n'enyemaka nke Oderinlo, otu n'ime ndị ọchịagha agha, n'ihi na ekwenyere na a machibidoro igbu onye na-agba egwu n'agha. Omenala nke ịgba egwu na ịgba egwu gara n'ihu na nwa ya nwoke, nna nna Ladipo. Otú ọ dị, nna Ladipo, Joseph Oni, jụrụ ịgbaso nzọụkwụ nna nna ya kama ọ ghọrọ Onye Kraịst n'ihe dị ka afọ 1912. Ọ ghọrọ onye ozi na ụka Anglịkan na [[Osogbo|Oṣogbo]] mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. Joseph chọrọ ka Ladipo soro nzọụkwụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkwusa, mana Ladipo nwere mmetụta site na nna nna ya, onye bụkwa onye na-efe Shango na Oya ofufe, ma mara akụkọ ifo Yoruba nke ọma, ọkachasị ndị sitere na Old Ọyọ. Ladipo mekwara ememme Ifa na [[Egungun]] na Ila Orangun na Otan Ayegbaju, obodo ndị dị nso na [[Osogbo]].

== Ọrụ Ya ==
Ladipọ gbasiri mbọ ike ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'igosi onwe ya na omenala ọdịnala na omenala Yoruba, ọkachasị mgbe ọ na-ebi n'okpuru mkpuchi nke ụlọ Ndị Kraịst. Mgbe ọ dị obere, ọ na-esi n'ụlọ ndị ụkọchukwu ahụ pụọ iji lee mmemme ndị Yoruba. Mmasị a na ọdịbendị ya kpaliri ya ime nnyocha na ịnwale ihe nkiri na edemede. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Oṣogbo, ọ gara [[Ibadan]], ebe ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi. Mgbe ọ nọ na [[Ibadan]], ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị guzobere otu klọb ndị na-ese ihe a na-akpọ Mbari Mbayo ma nwee mmetụta site n'aka onye ọkà mmụta German aha ya bụ Ulli Beier. O mechara megharịa klọb ahụ na Oṣogbo, ọ ghọkwara otu ndị isi maka ịkwalite ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Oṣogbo. N'ime ọrụ ya niile, Duro Ladipọ dere egwu iri nke ndị Yoruba na-ejikọta ịgba egwu, egwu, mime, ilu, ịgba egwu na abụ otuto.

Ladipo malitere otu ihe nkiri ya n'afọ 1961, mana o guzosiri ike na ntọala Mbari klọb Mbayo na Oṣogbo. Ịma ama ya dị ka onye ndú nke otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-adabere na egwuregwu atọ ya: Ọbamoro na 1962, Ọba ko so na Ọba Waja na 1964. Ọba Waja - &quot;The King is Dead&quot; - dabere n'otu ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme nke kpaliri onye na-ede egwuregwu Naịjirịa ibe ya bụ [[Wole Soyinka|Wọle Óoyinka's]] Death and the King's Horseman .)Ọ kwalitekwara ''Mọremi'', egwuregwu banyere nna nna Yoruba nke otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Death and the King's Horseman|author=Soyinka|first=Wole|authorlink=Wole Soyinka|year=2002|publisher=W.W. Norton|isbn=0-393-32299-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gbanwee Mbari Mbayo ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọdịbendị, ebe ngosi nka na ebe nzukọ maka ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na-achọ ịzụlite nkà ha. Duro Ladipọ dere ọtụtụ egwuregwu, dị ka ''Suru Baba'' Iwa' na &quot;Tanimowo Iku.&quot; ''E mepụtakwara ụfọdụ n'ime egwuregwu ya maka telivishọn. N'ezie, o kere'' Bode Wasinimi maka Nigerian Television Authority, Ibadan.

N'afọ 1977, Duro Ladipo sonyere na FESTAC '77, Emume Ụwa nke Abụọ nke Black na African Arts and Culture, na Lagos, Nigeria.

== Ndụ onwe ==
N'agbanyeghị nzụlite ya bụ Onye Kraịst, Ladipo bụ onye na-alụ karịa otu nwanyị ma nwee nwunye atọ na ihe dị ka ụmụ iri na ise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1525/aa.1974.76.3.02a01010|title=Duro Ladipo. Produced and directed by HENRY DORE|first=Thomas|author=Kiefer|date=October 11, 1974|journal=American Anthropologist|volume=76|issue=3|pages=693|doi=10.1525/aa.1974.76.3.02a01010}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1964, ọ lụrụ [[Abiodun Duro-Ladipo]], nwunye ya nke atọ, ọ ghọkwara onye otu na-adịgide adịgide. O nwetara aha dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na egwuregwu niile ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere.&lt;ref name=&quot;AkyeampongGates2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Akyeampong|first=Emmanuel Kwaku|title=Dictionary of African Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA267|year=2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|pages=1–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;taiwo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://taiwoabiodun.com/biodun-duro-ladipo/|title=Why I did not remarry, Chief Abiodun Duro-Ladipo|publisher=Taiwo's World|date=26 February 2018|author=Abiodun, Taiwo|accessdate=16 May 2020|language=|archivedate=11 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111101917/https://taiwoabiodun.com/biodun-duro-ladipo/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwụrụ na Machị 11, 1978, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise na otu mgbe ọ rịachara obere ọrịa. A na-ekwu na mgbe ọ nwụrụ, eluigwe meghere, mmiri ozuzo na mberede na àmùmà na égbè eluigwe. A kọwara nke a dị ka ihe ịrịba ama na Shango, chi égbè eluigwe na onye isi nke ọrụ ya a ma ama, nabatara ya n'eluigwe.

== Ihe edeturu edetu ==
{{Reflist}}

== Edensibia ==

* {{Cite book|author=Ladipọ, Duro|year=1972|title=Ọba kò so (The king did not hang) &amp;mdash; Opera by Duro Ladipọ|others=(Transcribed and translated by R. G. Armstrong, Robert L. Awujọọla and Val Ọlayẹmi from a tape recording by R. Curt Wittig)|publisher=Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan|location=Ibadan}}</text>
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[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]]
'''Élie Yaffa''' (French pronunciation: [eli jafa]; amụrụ ya na ụbọchị 9 n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 1976), nke a maara nke ọma n'okpuru aha ya bụ '''Booba''', bụ onye French na á  rap. Mgbe obere oge dị ka onye na-agba egwu ezumike na mmalite afọ 1990, Booba na enyi ya Ali jikọrọ aka wee mepụta Lunatic. Ha abụọ wepụtara abọm a ma ama n'afọ 2000 mana ha kwụsịrị n'afọ 2003. Kemgbe ahụ, Booba amalitela ọrụ naanị ya nke ọma, na-ere ihe karịrị nde diski iri n'elu ọrụ ya ma bụrụ onye na-ese ihe n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.melty.fr/booba-l-annee-nous-appartient-interview-video-actu46446.html Booba : L'année nous appartient, interview vidéo sur NRJ12]. melty.fr (3 January 2011). Retrieved on 30 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eto Booba maka ịdị mma nke ọ na-asọ asọ na ịkụ ya mana a na-akatọkarị ya n'ihi ọdịdị esemokwu nke abụ ya. O guzobela akara rap Tallac Records, ma mepụta akara ọla.
[[Usòrò:Festival des Vieilles Charrues 2019 - Booba - 038.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]]

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Élie Yaffa na ụbọchị 9 n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 1976 na mpụga Paris na Sèvres . Nna ya bụ onye Senegal na nne ya bụ onye French nke Mosellan na onye Belgium.

Ya na enyi ya Ali guzobere otu mmadụ abụọ Lunatic n'afọ 1994. Enweghị ike inweta nkwekọrịta ndekọ site na nnukwu labelụ n'ihi okwu esemokwu ha, ha mepụtara akara ndekọ onwe ha 45 Sayentifiki na 1999. N'afọ sochirinụ, Lunatic wepụtara abọm mbụ ya na naanị ya nke akpọrọ ''Mauvais œil'' .

N'afọ 2002, Booba wepụtara abọm izizi ya ''Temps mort'' . Ọ gbasoro nke a na abọm anọ ọzọ: ''Panthéon'', Ouest Side (nke kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma), 0.9 na Lunatic .&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120111104700/http://www.monsieur-biographie.com/celebrite/biographie/booba-1782.php BOOBA : Biographie de BOOBA]. Monsieur-Biographie.com. Retrieved on 30 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ná ngwụsị afọ 2012, o wepụtara abọm nke isii ya bụ Futur . N'ozuzu ya, Booba nwere diski iri a kwadoro, Disques d'Or isii (abọm ọla edo), Disques de platine atọ (abọm Platinum) na otu Double disque de platine (abọm abụọ-Platinum).&lt;ref&gt;[[:fr:Booba]]&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2011, Booba meriri asọmpi &quot;My Youtube&quot;, n'ihu ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama dịka [[Rihanna]], [[Justin Bieber]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Eminem]], Jay-Z, Sexion D'Assaut, Shakira, Stromae,...&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Booba/news-74806.html|title=Le grand gagnant du concours &quot;MyYouTube&quot; est Booba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Booba bụkwa onye okike nke ụdị ejiji n'okporo ámá, Ünkut, otu n'ime ụdị ejiji a kachasị ewu ewu na France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.meltystyle.fr/unkut-comment-booba-a-fait-de-sa-marque-un-incontournable-du-style-a336957.html|title=Ünkut : Comment Booba a fait de sa marque un incontournable du style ?|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=8 June 2022|archivedate=20 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120233112/http://www.meltystyle.fr/unkut-comment-booba-a-fait-de-sa-marque-un-incontournable-du-style-a336957.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Ahmedu Augustine Obiabo''' (amụrụ na Ogwule, Agatu, [[Ȯra Benue|Benue]] Steeti, Naijiria), nke aha ya bụ '''Blackface Naija''' ma ọ bụ naanị '''Blackface''', bụ onye na-agba egwu na Naijiria, ragga, onye na-agụ reggae, na onye na-ede egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;gistvillage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gistvillage.com/i-named-tuface-yet-he-cheated-me-blackface/|title=HugeDomains.com – GistVillage.com is for sale (Gist Village)|accessdate=9 March 2015|archivedate=4 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404075040/http://www.gistvillage.com/i-named-tuface-yet-he-cheated-me-blackface/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye so dee &quot;African Queen&quot; na 2Baba, abụ nke onye nke ikpeazụ mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ama ama mgbe ọ pụtara na abọm izizi ya bụ Face 2 Face n'afọ 2004 iji bụrụ egwu mba ụwa.

== Na Plantashun Boyz ==
Blackface bụ onye guzobere otu egwu Naịjirịa Plantashun Boyz nke ya na 2Baba na onye egwu Chibuzor Oji (nke a maara nke ọma dị ka [[Faze (musician)|Faze]]) guzobere n'afọ 2000. Blackface na 2Baba zutere n'oge agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Benue.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s|title=Here's both sides of the story as Blackface says 2baba is suing him for N50M|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=19 September 2019|archivedate=13 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213084327/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Faze (musician)|Faze]] sonyeere obere oge mgbe e mesịrị na Enugu.

Ndị otu ''ahụ'' wepụtara abọm abụọ gara nke ọma Body and Soul na 2000 na Sold Out na 2003. Ndị otu ahụ gbawara n'afọ 2004, ka ha zukọta obere oge n'afọ 2007 maka naanị otu abọm ọzọ Plan B.

Ọ bụ ezie na ya na Faze nwere mmekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, esemokwu ya na 2Baba mụbara, ọkachasị maka ikike nke abụ &quot;African Queen&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/08/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/|title=2face, Blackface and the controversial 'African queen' – Nigerian Entertainment Today – Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today – Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203035520/http://thenet.ng/2013/08/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/|archivedate=3 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201304080717.html|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Blackface/Tuface Rift Grows Wider|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=9 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ naanị ya ==
Mgbe Plantashun Boiz kewara na 2004, Blackface duziri ọrụ egwu naanị ya. O wepụtara abọm hip hop ''Ghetto Child'' na Mee 2004 na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe. Abọm ahụ nwere &quot;Hard Life&quot; nke gosipụtara Alabai dị ka egwu mbụ. O dekwara abọm zuru ezu maka ndị ọrụ ya D Tribunal nke a kpọrọ What We Are .

Mgbe ''Ghetto Child'' gasịrị, ọ wepụtara ''Evergreen'', ''Jungle Fever'', Me, Musiq and I, Dancehall Business, na ''onye'' na-atụ anya Defender.&lt;ref name=&quot;net&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2013, ya na Maine Eazz mere abọm ''200'' .

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Blackface lụrụ Dayo afọ asatọ ma nwee ụmụ abụọ, Caroline na Alex. Di na nwunye ahụ kwetara ikewa, na-echere usoro ịgba alụkwaghịm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 September 2011|title=MUSICIAN,BLACKFACE MARRIAGE CRASHES|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/movie/69403/musicianblackface-marriage-crashes.html|accessdate=31 December 2021|work=The Nigerian Voice|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231090857/https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/movie/69403/musicianblackface-marriage-crashes.html|archivedate=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vnolly.com/blackface%E2%80%99s-wife-accused-of-leaving-him-because-he-was-broke/|title=Vnolly.com|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105250/http://www.vnolly.com/blackface%E2%80%99s-wife-accused-of-leaving-him-because-he-was-broke/|archivedate=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blackface, Naija}}
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'''Ahmedu Augustine Obiabo''' (amụrụ na Ogwule, Agatu, [[Ȯra Benue|Benue]] Steeti, Naijiria), nke aha ya bụ '''Blackface Naija''' ma ọ bụ naanị '''Blackface''', bụ onye na-agba egwu na Naijiria, ragga, onye na-agụ reggae, na onye na-ede egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;gistvillage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gistvillage.com/i-named-tuface-yet-he-cheated-me-blackface/|title=HugeDomains.com – GistVillage.com is for sale (Gist Village)|accessdate=9 March 2015|archivedate=4 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404075040/http://www.gistvillage.com/i-named-tuface-yet-he-cheated-me-blackface/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye so dee &quot;African Queen&quot; na 2Baba, abụ nke onye nke ikpeazụ mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ama ama mgbe ọ pụtara na abọm izizi ya bụ Face 2 Face n'afọ 2004 iji bụrụ egwu mba ụwa.

== Na Plantashun Boyz ==
Blackface bụ onye guzobere otu egwu Naịjirịa Plantashun Boyz nke ya na 2Baba na onye egwu Chibuzor Oji (nke a maara nke ọma dị ka [[Faze (musician)|Faze]]) guzobere n'afọ 2000. Blackface na 2Baba zutere n'oge agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Benue.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s|title=Here's both sides of the story as Blackface says 2baba is suing him for N50M|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=19 September 2019|archivedate=13 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213084327/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Faze (musician)|Faze]] sonyeere obere oge mgbe e mesịrị na Enugu.

Ndị otu ''ahụ'' wepụtara abọm abụọ gara nke ọma Body and Soul na 2000 na Sold Out na 2003. Ndị otu ahụ gbawara n'afọ 2004, ka ha zukọta obere oge n'afọ 2007 maka naanị otu abọm ọzọ Plan B.

Ọ bụ ezie na ya na Faze nwere mmekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, esemokwu ya na 2Baba mụbara, ọkachasị maka ikike nke abụ &quot;African Queen&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/08/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/|title=2face, Blackface and the controversial 'African queen' – Nigerian Entertainment Today – Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today – Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203035520/http://thenet.ng/2013/08/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/|archivedate=3 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201304080717.html|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Blackface/Tuface Rift Grows Wider|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=9 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ naanị ya ==
Mgbe Plantashun Boiz kewara na 2004, Blackface duziri ọrụ egwu naanị ya. O wepụtara abọm hip hop ''Ghetto Child'' na Mee 2004 na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe. Abọm ahụ nwere &quot;Hard Life&quot; nke gosipụtara Alabai dị ka egwu mbụ. O dekwara abọm zuru ezu maka ndị ọrụ ya D Tribunal nke a kpọrọ What We Are .

Mgbe ''Ghetto Child'' gasịrị, ọ wepụtara ''Evergreen'', ''Jungle Fever'', Me, Musiq and I, Dancehall Business, na ''onye'' na-atụ anya Defender.&lt;ref name=&quot;net&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2013, ya na Maine Eazz mere abọm ''200'' .

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Blackface lụrụ Dayo afọ asatọ ma nwee ụmụ abụọ, Caroline na Alex. Di na nwunye ahụ kwetara ikewa, na-echere usoro ịgba alụkwaghịm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 September 2011|title=MUSICIAN,BLACKFACE MARRIAGE CRASHES|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/69403/musicianblackface-marriage-crashes.html|accessdate=31 December 2021|work=The Nigerian Voice|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231090857/https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/movie/69403/musicianblackface-marriage-crashes.html|archivedate=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vnolly.com/blackface%E2%80%99s-wife-accused-of-leaving-him-because-he-was-broke/|title=Vnolly.com|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105250/http://www.vnolly.com/blackface%E2%80%99s-wife-accused-of-leaving-him-because-he-was-broke/|archivedate=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blackface, Naija}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
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[[File:Gentleman-Video-Shoot-January-2014-BellaNaija-027-402x600.jpg|thumb|Davido]]
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Adedeji Adeleke''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 21, 1992), nke a maara dị ka '''Davido''', bụ onye America ede-Nigerian na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu, na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. Davido na-agwakọta ihe ọdịnala Afrịka na pop zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardianng&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/happy-birthday-davido-6-notable-achievements-as-he-turns-27/|title=Happy Birthday Davido: 6 Notable Achievements Of A Superstar|date=November 21, 2020|publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101180941/https://guardian.ng/life/happy-birthday-davido-6-notable-achievements-as-he-turns-27/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MTV Base&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adoti|first=Olive|date=2020-11-24|title=Davido biography and his net worth|url=https://www.legit.ng/1120460-davido-biography-and-his-net-worth.html|accessdate=2021-01-22|work=Legit.ng – Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029140321/https://www.legit.ng/1120460-davido-biography-and-his-net-worth.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317003645/http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/dami-duro-for-launch-today/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
[[Usòrò:When_you_do_what_you_love.jpg|thumb|Davido na-emekọrịta ihe na Fans]]
A mụrụ David Adedeji Adeleke na Nọvemba 21, 1992, na Atlanta, [[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]]. Nna ya bụ [[Adedeji Adeleke]] bụ onye ọchụnta ego na nne ya bụ Vero Adeleke bụ onye nkuzi mahadum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wealthy parents, super star kids|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/wealthy-parents-super-star-kids/|publisher=Punch Nigeria|accessdate=January 11, 2014|date=July 6, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214836/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/wealthy-parents-super-star-kids/|archivedate=January 11, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Davido bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne ise na nwa nwoke nke abụọ nna ya mụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;GQ Magazine&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Kathleen|author=Johnston|title=Davido: 'Ten years ago it wasn't cool to be African, but now it's all changed'|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/davido-interview-2019|work=[[GQ Magazine]]|accessdate=16 December 2019|date=9 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Native Magazine 104&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Toye Sokunbi|title=Davido vs. The World|url=https://thenativemag.com/featured/davido-vs-world/|work=Native Magazine|accessdate=21 December 2019|date=May 10, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221204221/https://thenativemag.com/featured/davido-vs-world/|archivedate=December 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara British International School na [[Lagos]], Nigeria, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ laghachiri United States iji mụọ nchịkwa azụmahịa na Mahadum Oakwood dị na [[Alabama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GQ Magazine&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellanaija&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adeola Adeyemo|date=February 4, 2012|title=BN Saturday Celebrity Interview: &quot;You Can't Stop Me!&quot; 2012′s Hottest Star, Davido – The Music, The Fame, The Fans &amp; More!|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/02/04/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-you-cant-stop-me-2012s-hottest-star-davido-the-music-the-fame-the-fans-more/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193510/http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/02/04/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-you-cant-stop-me-2012s-hottest-star-davido-the-music-the-fame-the-fans-more/|archivedate=September 23, 2015|accessdate=September 25, 2017|publisher=Bellanaija}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Davido zụtara ngwá egwu mgbe ọ nọ na Oakwood wee malite ịkụ egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Fader&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rawiya Kameir|title=Davido's upbringing was almost impossibly blessed. Now, he's leveraging his resources to model the future of African pop.|url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/18/davido-cover-story-interview|publisher=[[The Fader]]|accessdate=September 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924094910/http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/18/davido-cover-story-interview|archivedate=September 24, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na ụmụ nwanne nna ya [[B-Red]] na Sina Rambo rụkọrọ ọrụ iji mepụta egwu KB International .&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellanaija&quot;/&gt; Davido hapụrụ Mahadum Oakwood iji gbasoo egwu oge niile wee kwaga London, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na olu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Fader&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa n'afọ 2011, Davido kwụsịrị ọrụ egwu ya ma kwenye ịsọpụrụ nna ya site na ịdebanye aha na Mahadum Babcock . N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2015, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Babcock na nzere na egwu mgbe nna ya kwụrụ mahadum iji malite ngalaba egwu maka klas izizi nke otu nwa akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Fader&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/davido-graduates-from-babcock-university/|title=Davido graduates from Babcock University|work=The Vanguard|date=June 7, 2015|accessdate=September 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ egwu ==

=== 2011–2012: ''Omo Baba Olowo'' ===
Davido malitere ịrụ ọrụ na abọm studio mbụ ya ''Omo Baba Olowo'' n'afọ 2011. Egwú abọm ahụ bụ ngwakọta nke Afrobeats na hip hop. Davido na Jay Sleek, [[Maleek Berry]], GospelOnDeBeatz, [[Spellz (onye mmepụta egwu|Spellz]], Dokta Frabz, Mr. Chidoo, Theory Soundz na [[Shizzi]] rụkọrọ ọrụ iji mepụta abọm ahụ. ''Omo Baba Olowo'' gosipụtara ndị ọbịa si [[Naeto C]], Sina Rambo, [[B-Red]], Kayswitch, [[Ice Prince]] na 2 Face Idibia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2012/07/davido-omo-baba-olowo-album-review-money-can-solve-everything-except-perfection/|title=Davido – 'Omo Baba Olowo' [Album review]: Money can solve everything except perfection|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|date=18 July 2012|accessdate=18 March 2014|author=Tayo, Ayomide|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811002558/http://thenet.ng/2012/07/davido-omo-baba-olowo-album-review-money-can-solve-everything-except-perfection/|archivedate=August 11, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/07/31/album-review-davidos-o-b-o-genesis/|title=Album review: Davido's O.B.O Genesis|publisher=Africa Magic|date=31 July 2012|accessdate=18 March 2014|author=Kan, Toni|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014210620/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/07/31/album-review-davidos-o-b-o-genesis/|archivedate=October 14, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara nyocha na-adịghị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu, bụ ndị na-enyocha ọdịnaya egwu ya na edemede egwu Davido. Abọm ahụ meriri Best R&amp;B / Pop Album ma nata nhọpụta maka Album nke Afọ na The Headies 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Headies Award 2013 and Full List of winners|url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816|publisher=Osun Defender|accessdate=27 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231501/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816|archivedate=December 27, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtakwara ya maka Best Album of the Year na 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html|title=Nigerian Entertainment Award announces 2013 nominees|publisher=Premium Times|date=31 May 2013|accessdate=6 March 2014|author=Micheal Abimboye|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306125132/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html|archivedate=March 6, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wepụtara egwu nke atọ nke abọm ahụ &quot;Ekuro&quot; na Jenụwarị 25, 2012. Antwan Smith dekọrọ ma duzie vidio egwu ya na Miami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianeye.com/2012/05/new-video-davido-ekuro.html|title=NEW VIDEO: DAVIDO – Ekuro|publisher=Nigerian Eye|date=25 May 2012|accessdate=19 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215164224/http://www.nigerianeye.com/2012/05/new-video-davido-ekuro.html|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-agụ egwu Naịjirịa bụ Aramide wepụtara egwu egwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/20/aramide-drops-rb-cover-of-davidos-ekuro/|title=Aramide Drops R&amp;B Cover Of Davido's 'Ekuro'|publisher=Channels TV|date=20 May 2013|accessdate=19 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709150300/http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/20/aramide-drops-rb-cover-of-davidos-ekuro/|archivedate=July 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara egwu nke anọ nke abọm ahụ &quot;Overseas&quot; na Mee 6, 2012; a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị nke abụ ahụ na-agwụ agwụ tupu ewepụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official Version: Davido – Overseas ft Sina Rambo|url=http://notjustok.com/2012/05/06/official-version-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/|author=Ovie O|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=May 6, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417165205/http://notjustok.com/2012/05/06/official-version-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/|archivedate=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Music: Davido – Overseas ft. Sina Rambo|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2012/05/07/new-music-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/|publisher=Jaguda|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=May 7, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418214150/http://jaguda.com/2012/05/07/new-music-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo|archivedate=April 18, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara egwu GospelOnDeBeatz mepụtara &quot;All of You&quot; dị ka egwu nke ise nke abọm ahụ na Septemba 28, 2012. Davido gwara Factory 78 TV na ya na GospelOnDeBeatz dekọrọ egwu ahụ mgbe ọ zutere ya n'otu ụlọ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FACTORY78 – Davido full interview / Album Review Pt1.|work=[[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qwSjL0cu_U|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=November 19, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309234704/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qwSjL0cu_U|archivedate=March 9, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2013–2016: Standalone releases, ''The Baddest'' and Son of Mercy ===
[[Usòrò:Davido_Performance_in_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Davido na-eme ihe nkiri na Tanzania]]
Na Febụwarị 25, 2013, Davido wepụtara egwu Shizzi mepụtara &quot;Gobe&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido returns with 'Gobe' video|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/davido-returns-with-gobe-video/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912223834/http://www.dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/davido-returns-with-gobe-video/|archivedate=September 12, 2013|publisher=Daily Independent|accessdate=January 10, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ na ndepụta ''[[Premium Times]]'' nke egwu iri kachasị elu nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wande Coal, Davido, others make PREMIUM TIMES Top 10 songs of 2013|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/152238-wande-coal-davido-others-make-premium-times-top-10-songs-2013.html|author=Micheal Abimboye|work=Premium Times|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=December 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702122710/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/152238-wande-coal-davido-others-make-premium-times-top-10-songs-2013.html|archivedate=July 2, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na nyocha maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Vanguard'', Charles Mgbolu kwuru na abụ ahụ &quot;na-atọ ụtọ site na mmalite ruo n'isi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido releases hot new video 'Gobe'|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/davido-releases-hot-new-video-gobe/|author=Charles Mgbolu|work=Vanguard|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=February 26, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095658/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/davido-releases-hot-new-video-gobe/|archivedate=September 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vidio egwu nke &quot;Gobe&quot; bụ nke Godfather Productions dekọrọ na South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Onos|title=New Video: Davido – Gobe|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/26/new-video-davido-gobe/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=February 26, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223437/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/26/new-video-davido-gobe/|archivedate=September 23, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Davido kwupụtara na Twitter &quot;One of a Kind&quot; ga-apụta na May 13, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=It's official: Davido releases new single, 'One of a kind' [DOWNLOAD]|url=http://www.ynaija.com/its-official-davido-releases-new-single-one-of-a-kind-download/|author=Rachel Ogbu|publisher=YNaija|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=May 14, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926101429/https://ynaija.com/its-official-davido-releases-new-single-one-of-a-kind-download/|archivedate=September 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa Shizzi mepụtara egwu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OFFICIAL Premiere: Davido – One of A Kind (Prod by Shizzi)|author=Ovie O|url=http://notjustok.com/2013/05/13/official-premiere-davido-one-of-a-kind-prod-by-shizzi/|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=May 13, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827122256/http://notjustok.com/2013/05/13/official-premiere-davido-one-of-a-kind-prod-by-shizzi/|archivedate=August 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vidio nke &quot;One of a Kind&quot; bụ Tebza nke Godfather Productions dekọrọ ma duzie na South Africa. Ọ na-egosi Afrịka dị n'otu nke nwere ọdịbendị na egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Video: Davido – One Of A Kind|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/05/new-video-davido-one-of-a-kind/|publisher=360nobs|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=May 31, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926143306/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/05/new-video-davido-one-of-a-kind/|archivedate=September 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kwadoro &quot;Skelewu&quot; na vidiyo egwu abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prisonerofclass.com/davido-skelewu-video/|title=DAVIDO – SKELEWU (VIDEO)|publisher=Prisoner of Class|date=15 October 2013|accessdate=21 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226034102/http://www.prisonerofclass.com/davido-skelewu-video/|archivedate=December 26, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara vidiyo egwu mbụ, nke [[Sesan (video director)|Sesan]] duziri, na 15 Ọktoba 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/video-davido-skelewu/|title=VIDEO: Davido – Skelewu|publisher=African Muzik Magazine|date=15 October 2013|accessdate=21 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201163854/http://africanmuzikmag.com/video-davido-skelewu/|archivedate=February 1, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bugoro ya na YouTube site na iji akaụntụ parody. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a tọhapụrụ vidiyo ahụ, Davido kwuru na mmadụ raara ya nye site na iwepụta ya nakwa na ya na Moe Musa, onye nduzi vidio egwu nke UK ga-eme vidiyo ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido Addresses Unofficial Leaked Video For 'Skelewu'|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/davido-addresses-unofficial-leaked-video-for-skelewu/|publisher=360nobs|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=October 16, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100329/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/davido-addresses-unofficial-leaked-video-for-skelewu/|archivedate=September 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na nkwupụta nke ndị otu ya wepụtara, Sesan kwuru na Davido nwere afọ ojuju na onyinye ya na vidiyo egwu ahụ; o kwukwara na ọ gaghị eto eto ka Davido na ndị njikwa ya wepụta nkwupụta ezighi ezi iji kwatuo akara ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido is irresponsible, immature –Sesan|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/davido-is-irresponsible-immature-sesan/|publisher=Punch Nigeria|accessdate=January 12, 2014|date=October 19, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112080015/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/davido-is-irresponsible-immature-sesan/|archivedate=January 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido Approved Skelewu Video Before The Released – Video Director; Sesan Releases Press Statement!|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/10/16/davido-approved-skelewu-video-released-video-director-sesan-releases-press-statement/|author=Bob Alash|publisher=Jaguda|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=October 16, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307135719/http://jaguda.com/2013/10/16/davido-approved-skelewu-video-released-video-director-sesan-releases-press-statement/|archivedate=March 7, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moe Musa dekọrọ ma duzie vidiyo egwu nke &quot;Skelewu&quot; na [[London]], ma wepụta ya n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido releases official 'Skelewu' video|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/davido-releases-official-skelewu-video/|author=Charles Mgbolu|work=Vanguard|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=October 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100723/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/davido-releases-official-skelewu-video/|archivedate=September 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Davido.jpg|thumb|Davido na 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]
Na June 2014, Davido na Mi Casa, Lola Rae, Sarkodie, Diamond Platnumz na [[Tiwa Savage]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na &quot;Africa Rising&quot;, abụ nke e ji mee ihe maka mgbasa ozi DStv iji kpalie ndị Afrịka isonye na ọrụ itinye ego na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Vidio egwu nke &quot;Africa Rising&quot; bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke South Africa bụ Callback Dreams dekọrọ ma duzie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kaggwa|first=Andrew|title=DStv launches new campaign to inspire Africa|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&amp;catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&amp;Itemid=74|work=[[The Observer (Uganda)|The Observer]]|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=29 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024039/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&amp;catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&amp;Itemid=74|archivedate=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-ese egwu ahụ mere egwu ahụ na mmemme mmeghe Africa Rising na [[Mauritius]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lindiwe rocks Africa Rising extravaganza|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/index.php/entertainment/item/5509-lindiwe-rocks-africa-rising-extravaganza|work=Zambia Daily Mail|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=29 June 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140726190902/http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/index.php/entertainment/item/5509-lindiwe-rocks-africa-rising-extravaganza|archivedate=26 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2015, Davido wepụtara egwu ọnyà Meek Mill nyere aka &quot;Fans Mi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Motolani Alake|title=Here are the 10 hottest Nigerian artists of the decade (The 2010s)|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-davido-burna-boy-olamide-the-10-hottest-nigerian-artists-of-the-decade-the/gv409y7|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=10 December 2019|date=December 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192144/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-davido-burna-boy-olamide-the-10-hottest-nigerian-artists-of-the-decade-the/gv409y7|archivedate=December 10, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akwa ndị na-akwado ya emo na ọdịyo na foto ndị dị n'azụ ihe nkiri nke vidiyo ahụ tupu ewepụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Andrew Somuah|title=Nigerian Artist Davido links up with Meek Mill for &quot;Fans Mi&quot;|url=https://thesource.com/2015/06/10/nigerian-artist-davido-links-up-with-meek-mill-for-fans-mi/|work=The Source|accessdate=15 December 2019|date=June 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182925/https://thesource.com/2015/06/10/nigerian-artist-davido-links-up-with-meek-mill-for-fans-mi/|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E bu ụzọ wepụta abọm iri abụọ nke Davido bụ ''The Baddest'' na June 2015 mana e yigharịrị ntọhapụ ya na October 10 n'afọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 938&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Joey Akan|title=HKN star unveils tracklist for new album|url=https://www.pulse.ng/music/davido-hkn-star-unveils-tracklist-for-new-album-id3653475.html|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=21 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162025/https://www.pulse.ng/music/davido-hkn-star-unveils-tracklist-for-new-album-id3653475.html|archivedate=September 24, 2015|date=14 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 740&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why singer's 2nd album &quot;Baddest&quot; has not been released|url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-why-singers-2nd-album-baddest-has-not-been-released/c7qeqlq|work=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=21 December 2019|date=October 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215210314/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-why-singers-2nd-album-baddest-has-not-been-released/c7qeqlq|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụbọchị abụọ tupu ụbọchị a, echedoro album ahụ n'ihi mmasị ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọghị aha na ikesa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 740&quot; /&gt; Davido wepụtara ihe mkpuchi album ahụ na ndepụta egwu na mbido afọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 938&quot; /&gt; ''The Baddest'' ga-egosipụta mmepụta site na Shizzi, Del B, [[Spellz (onye mmepụta egwu|Spellz]], J Fem, Don Jazzy, Puffy Tee, Uhuru, Kiddominant na Young John.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 938&quot; /&gt; Ọ ga-egosipụtakwa ndị ọbịa dịka [[P-Square]], Don Jazzy, [[Runtown]], Uhuru, DJ Buckz, Akon, Meek mill, [[Wale (rapper)|Wale]] na Trey Songz.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 938&quot; /&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2016, Davido kwupụtara na Twitter na ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Sony Music; ọkwa ya zutere mmeghachi omume dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/mixed-reactions-greet-davidos-new-deal-with-sony-music/|title=Mixed reactions greet Davido's new deal with Sony Music|work=Vanguard|date=January 23, 2016|accessdate=September 25, 2017|author=Rotimi Agbana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ ndekọ ahụ wepụtara akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi iji gosipụta nkwekọrịta ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201602010304.html|title=Sony Music Entertainment Confirms Deal With Davido|date=January 30, 2016|editor=Daniel Anazia|work=The Guardian|accessdate=September 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045506/http://allafrica.com/stories/201602010304.html|archivedate=September 24, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwekọrịta ndekọ nke Davido na Sony chọrọ ka ọ wepụta abọm abụọ ma nye ya ohere ijide ikike maka egwu ya na arụmọrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Singer to release two albums with Sony Music|url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singer-to-release-two-albums-with-sony-music/kwfgn5j|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=21 December 2019|date=March 8, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165525/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singer-to-release-two-albums-with-sony-music/kwfgn5j|archivedate=December 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2017–2018: &quot;If&quot;, &quot;Fall&quot;, &quot;Fia&quot; na &quot;Assurance&quot; ===
Davido meriri Best African Act na 2017 MOBO Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-42177783|title=MOBO Awards 2017: Wizkid and Davido win big|work=BBC News Pidgin|date=November 30, 2017|accessdate=August 4, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wepụtara &quot;If&quot; na Febụwarị 17, 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=If – Single by Davido|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/if-single/1205929054|work=[[Apple Music]]|accessdate=23 November 2019|date=February 17, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175742/https://music.apple.com/us/album/if-single/1205929054|archivedate=November 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ [[Tekno (musician)|Tekno]] mepụtara ya, onye dere egwu maka Davido.&lt;ref name=&quot;OkayAfrica 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sabo Kpade|title=Hear Davido's New Single 'If,' Produced By Tekno|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-if-download-mp3-produced-by-tekno/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=23 November 2019|date=February 20, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829014241/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-if-download-mp3-produced-by-tekno/|archivedate=August 29, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ na-edekọ egwu nke South Africa kwadoro abụ ahụ, na-egosi mbupu nke 200,000 nkeji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 221&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=OBO's 'If' goes Diamond, 'Fall' hits platinum in South Africa|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obos-if-goes-diamond-fall-hits-platinum-in-south-africa/1mxg03p|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=23 November 2019|date=February 20, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175826/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obos-if-goes-diamond-fall-hits-platinum-in-south-africa/1mxg03p|archivedate=November 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;If&quot; meriri Best Pop Single na Song of the Year na The Headies 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian Life 691&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Billy Praise|title=The HEADIES 2018: Full List Of Winners.|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/|work=Guardian Life|accessdate=16 March 2019|date=5 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042759/https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/|archivedate=March 28, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịtụle maka OkayAfrica, Sabo Kpade kọwara egwu ahụ dị ka &quot;onye na-ere ọkụ na-adịghị ngwa&quot; nke nwere &quot;ụda na-adịghị mma nke na-ada ụda ma na-ejideghị ngwá egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OkayAfrica 2&quot; /&gt; E dekọrọ vidiyo egwu nke &quot;If&quot; na London; ọ bụ Director Q duziri ya ma Tunde Babalola mepụtara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trace TV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Elvis Adi|title=Exclusive behind the scene video : Davido's &quot;If&quot;|url=https://trace.tv/videos/exclusive-behind-scene-video-davidos/|publisher=Trace TV|accessdate=23 November 2019|date=8 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192114/https://trace.tv/videos/exclusive-behind-scene-video-davidos/|archivedate=December 10, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Davido jikọtara ya na onye na-emepụta uwe nwoke Orange Culture iji wepụta nchịkọta capsule sitere na &quot;If&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olamide Olarewaju|title=1st look at designer, singer's capsule collection in Selfridges|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/orange-culture-x-davido-1st-look-at-designer-singers-capsule-collection-in-selfridges/6ntjz71|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=15 December 2019|date=September 13, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215135406/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/orange-culture-x-davido-1st-look-at-designer-singers-capsule-collection-in-selfridges/6ntjz71|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Davido chere ebubo nke ịbụ onye otu Black Axe confraternity, ma ọ bụ Aye Cult Group, na ime mmegharị òtù nzuzo na egwu ya na vidiyo onwe ya. Na Septemba 5, 2018, ''Daily Post'' kọrọ na otu onye a na-enyo enyo na ọ bụ onye òtù nzuzo Black Axe nke [[Nigeria Police Force|ndị uwe ojii Naịjirịa]] jidere kwupụtara na a dọtara ya n'ime otu ahụ na nkwa na ọ ga-ezute onye egwu, Davido.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/09/05/joined-black-axe-cult-meet-davido-suspect-confesses/|title=I joined Black Axe cult to meet Davido – Suspect confesses|date=September 5, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Septemba 15, 2018, na mkparịta ụka ya na ''Vanguard'', onye njikwa mba Davido, Asa Asika, gọnahụrụ ihe ọmụma na Davido bụ onye otu nzuzo ọ bụla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/ive-no-idea-davido-is-a-member-of-any-secret-cult-manager-asa-asika/|title=I've no idea Davido is a member of any secret cult – Manager, Asa Asika|date=September 15, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, Information Nigeria kọrọ banyere mkpali nke Davido na-ekerịta vidiyo na akụkọ ya na-emesi ndị Aye Cult Group obi ike n'ihe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.informationnigeria.com/2019/08/davido-reassures-his-loyalty-to-aye-cult-group-video.html|title=Davido Reassures His Loyalty to Aye Cult Group (Video)|date=August 10, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2019–ugbua: O2 Arena concert, &quot;Blow My Mind&quot;, &quot;Risky&quot; A Good Time, na A Better Time ===
[[Usòrò:Davido_performing_at_the_Lagos_city_Marathon_gala_2020.jpeg|thumb|Davido na-eme ihe nkiri na Lagos city Marathon gala 2020]]
E wepụtara egwu Chris Brown nyere aka &quot;Blow My Mind&quot; na Julaị 26, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Blow My Mind – Single by Davido|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/blow-my-mind-single/1473507415|work=[[Apple Music]]|accessdate=24 November 2019|date=July 26, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://music.apple.com/us/album/blow-my-mind-single/1473507415|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ [[Shizzi]] mepụtara ya ma na mbụ e bu n'obi ka ewepụta ya dị ka onye ndu nke abọm ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido And Chris Brown Release New Single &quot;Blow My Mind&quot;|url=https://www.rcarecords.com/news/davido-and-chris-brown-release-new-single-blow-my-mind/|publisher=[[RCA Records]]|accessdate=24 November 2019|date=26 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172805/https://www.rcarecords.com/news/davido-and-chris-brown-release-new-single-blow-my-mind/|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Blow My Mind&quot; nwere okwu banyere nwa agbọghọ nke na-afụ uche Davido n'ụzọ dị mfe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Konbini Channels 512&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adewojumi Aderemi|title=Watch The Intimate Music Video For Davido &amp; Chris Brown's 'Blow My Mind'|url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-chris-brown-intimate-lovers-video-blow-mind|publisher=Konbini Channels|accessdate=24 November 2019|date=30 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-chris-brown-intimate-lovers-video-blow-mind|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Edgar Esteves-directed visuals for &quot;Blow My Mind&quot;, Davido na Chris Brown na-etinye oge dị mma na motel na ndị hụrụ ha n'anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Konbini Channels 512&quot; /&gt; Vidio a nwetara otu nde mmadụ n'ime awa iri na otu, karịa &quot;Fever&quot; na &quot;Come Closer&quot; nke [[Wizkid]] iji bụrụ vidiyo egwu Naịjirịa iji nweta mmeri a ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Konbini Channels 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adewojumi Aderemi|title=Davido's Video For 'Blow My Mind' Breaks Two YouTube Records In A Day|url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-set-yet-another-record-with-blow-my-mind|publisher=Konbini Channels|accessdate=24 November 2019|date=1 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-set-yet-another-record-with-blow-my-mind|archivedate=December 15, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọkwara vidiyo egwu Naịjirịa iji nweta ọtụtụ nlele n'ime awa iri abụọ na anọ mbụ nke ntọhapụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Konbini Channels 24&quot; /&gt; A tọhapụrụ &quot;Risky&quot; na Ọktoba 23, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Evan Minsker|title=Davido and Popcaan Share New Song &quot;Risky&quot;: Listen|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|accessdate=24 November 2019|date=October 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230510/https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/|archivedate=October 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egosi olu ndị ọbịa site n'aka onye na-agụ egwu Jamaica bụ Popcaan, onye gwara Davido ka ọ pụta na egwu ya nke afọ 2018 &quot;Dun Rich&quot;. Vidio egwu nke &quot;Risky&quot; bụ Meji Alabi duziri ma na-asọpụrụ usoro ihe nkiri mpụ nke telivishọn ''Top Boy'' . Na vidiyo ahụ, otu nwanyị so na ndị ọrụ Davido na Popcaan na-agwa ha ndị uwe ojii.

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Na Eprel 6, 2012, Nigerian Entertainment Today kọrọ na Davido bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado nde  -30 na MTN. Nkwekọrịta ahụ kpughere ya dị ka ihu MTN Pulse, mkpọsa ahịa nke ndị ntorobịa Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido bags N30m deal as MTN 'Ambassador'|url=http://thenet.ng/2012/04/davido-bags-n30m-deal-as-mtn-ambassador/|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|author=Osagie Alonge|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=April 6, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095743/http://thenet.ng/2012/04/davido-bags-n30m-deal-as-mtn-ambassador/|archivedate=September 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Ọktoba 24, 2013, Pulse Nigeria kọrọ na Guinness Nigeria bịanyere aka na Davido maka nkwekọrịta nkwado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olamide, Wizkid &amp; Davido Sign Endorsement Deals With Guinness Nigeria|url=http://pulse.ng/music/olamide-wizkid-davido-sign-endorsement-deals-with-guiness-nigeria-id2522182.html|author=Joey Akan|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=October 24, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085922/http://pulse.ng/music/olamide-wizkid-davido-sign-endorsement-deals-with-guiness-nigeria-id2522182.html|archivedate=April 17, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta ahụ, Ọ rụrụ na Guinness World of More Concert n'akụkụ ndị na-ese ihe gụnyere [[P-Square]], D'banj, [[Wizkid]], [[Ice Prince]], [[Burna Boy]], [[Olamide]], [[Phyno]], [[Chidinma]], [[Waje]] na [[Tiwa Savage]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: P-Square, Davido, Others Ignite Guinness World of More Concert|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201311010364.html|work=Vanguard|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|accessdate=September 25, 2017|date=November 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701182132/http://allafrica.com/stories/201311010364.html|archivedate=July 1, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 9, 2018, Guardian Life kọrọ na Davido bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na Infinix Mobile, onye na-emepụta smartphone dị na Hong Kong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/davido-bags-endorsement-deal-with-infinix/|title=Davido Bags Endorsement Deal With Infinix|work=guardian.ng|date=May 9, 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=December 2, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815111007/http://guardian.ng/life/davido-bags-endorsement-deal-with-infinix/|archivedate=August 15, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 2021, a mara ọkwa ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya akara site na akara ịkụ nzọ egwuregwu a ma ama 1xBet .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=1xBet announcs Davido as the newest brand ambassador in Africa|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/features/1xbet-announcs-davido-as-the-newest-brand-ambassador-in-africa/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222040218/https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/1xbet-announcs-davido-as-the-newest-brand-ambassador-in-africa/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 11, Martell (cognac) kwupụtara Davido dị ka onye nnọchi anya ọhụrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Omotayo|date=2021-06-13|title=Davido bags new endorsement deal with Martell|url=https://www.freshpopmusic.co/forum/entertainment/celebrities/149329-davido-bags-new-endorsement-deal-with-martell|accessdate=2021-06-14|work=FreshPopMusic|language=en|archivedate=2021-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614070546/https://www.freshpopmusic.co/forum/entertainment/celebrities/149329-davido-bags-new-endorsement-deal-with-martell}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Davido na-aga n'ihu na-enye ike ma na-arụ ọrụ na talent na-arị elu dịka Jels Quiah. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020, Davido pụtara na egwu UNCTION ya na Jels Quiah n'akụkụ [[Ice Prince]] na Walshy Fire . Abụ ahụ ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma ngwa ngwa. 

=== Onye nchịkọta ego nke Davido ===
 

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Davido nwere ụmụ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jesse Benard|title=Davido's Enjoying The Best Of Both Worlds|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2019/10/davido-interview|publisher=Complex|accessdate=25 October 2019|date=October 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230508/https://www.complex.com/music/2019/10/davido-interview|archivedate=October 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwere Chioma nkwa ọlụlụ, nne nke nwa ya nke atọ. Ọzọkwa, Stand Strong nke Davido gosipụtara United States Choir The Samples bụ ụda egwu ọzọ sitere na Davido.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='She said yes', says Davido as he proposes to Chioma|url=https://punchng.com/she-said-yes-says-davido-as-he-proposes-to-chioma/|work=The Punch|accessdate=16 December 2019|date=September 13, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207021120/https://punchng.com/she-said-yes-says-davido-as-he-proposes-to-chioma/|archivedate=December 7, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jasmine Grant|title=Afrobeats Singer Davido Announces The Birth Of His Son|url=https://www.essence.com/love/singer-davido-welcomes-a-son-with-fiancee-chioma-rowland/|work=Essence.com|accessdate=16 December 2019|date=October 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216013543/https://www.essence.com/love/singer-davido-welcomes-a-son-with-fiancee-chioma-rowland/|archivedate=December 16, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido – Stand Strong ft. The Samples|url=https://sixng.com/music-download/davido-stand-strong-ft-the-samples/|work=Sixng.com|accessdate=2022-06-10|archivedate=2022-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008071601/https://sixng.com/music-download/davido-stand-strong-ft-the-samples/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Discography ==

; Albọm Studio

* 2012 -Omo Baba Olowo
* 2019 - ''Oge Dị Mma''
* 2020 - ''Oge Ka Mma''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ivorymp3.com/davido-a-better-time-album/|title=Davido A Better Time Album|work=ivoryMP3|author=Mike|first=Steven|date=November 11, 2020|accessdate=17 December 2020|archivedate=17 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317073456/https://ivorymp3.com/davido-a-better-time-album/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2025 - ''5ive''

; EPs

* 2016 - ''Nwa nke Ebere''

== Njem ==

* A Good Time North America Tour (2019–2020)

=== Single (akụkụ) ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Abọm
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|&quot;Back When&quot; (featuring &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;[[Naeto C]]&lt;/span&gt;)
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |''Omo Baba Olowo''
|-
|&quot;Dami Duro&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|&quot;Ekuro&quot;
|-
|&quot;Overseas&quot; (nke &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara Sina Rambo&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
|&quot;Gbon Gbon&quot;
|-
|“Unu niile”
|-
|&quot;Feel Alright&quot; (featuring &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;[[Ice Prince]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2013
|&quot;Otu n'ime ụdị&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;10&quot;{{n/a|Non-album single}}
|-
|&quot;Gobe&quot;
|-
|&quot;Skelewu&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014
|&quot;Aye&quot;
|-
|&quot;Tchelete (Goodlife) (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Mafikizolo&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2015
|&quot;Dodo&quot;
|-
|&quot;Fans Mi&quot; (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Meek Mill&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
|&quot;Owo Ni Koko&quot;
|-
|&quot;The Sound&quot; (nke &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara Uhuru na DJ Buckz&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
|&quot;The Money&quot; (featuring &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;[[Olamide]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|&quot;Gbagbe Oshi&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Nwa nke Ebere''
|-
|&quot;How Long&quot; (featuring &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Tinashe&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
|&quot;Coolest Kid in Africa&quot; (nke &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;[[Nasty C]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2017
|&quot;Ọ bụrụ na&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Oge Dị Mma''
|-
|&quot;Fall&quot;
|-
|&quot;Pere&quot; (nke &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Rae Sremmurd&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;na&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Young Thug&lt;/span&gt;)
|rowspan=&quot;4&quot; {{n/a|Non-album single}}
|-
|&quot;Fia&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BEST NEW MUSIC: DAVIDO HAS SOMETHING TO SAY ABOUT AVOIDING DRAMA ON NEW TRACK, &quot;FIA&quot;|url=https://thenativemag.com/music/hear-davidos-soulful-new-track-fia/|work=Native|date=November 13, 2017|accessdate=19 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Dị ka Dat&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2018
|&quot;Flora My Flawa&quot;
|-
|&quot;Nkwado&quot;
|''Oge Dị Mma''
|-
|&quot;Nwa Baby&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{n/a|Non-album single}}
|-
|&quot;Wonder Woman&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019
|&quot;Blow My Mind&quot; (nke &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Chris Brown&lt;/span&gt;)
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Oge Dị Mma''
|-
|&quot;Risky&quot; (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Popcaan&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
|&quot;D &amp; G&quot; (nke &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;gosipụtara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Summer Walker&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Davido releases 'Dolce &amp; Gabbana' music video and donates proceeds to coronavirus research after fiancée tests positive|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/25/entertainment/davido-dolce-gabbana-music-video-coronavirus/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|&quot;FEM&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |''Oge Ka Mma''
|-
|&quot;So Crazy&quot; (featuring Lil Baby)
|-
|&quot;Jowo&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|&quot;The Best&quot; (featuring [[Mayorkun]])
|-
|&quot;Champion Sound&quot; (&amp; Focalistic)
|Non-album single
|-
|2022
|&quot;Guzo Ike&quot; (featuring. Sunday Service Choir)
|{{TBA}}
|}

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta nke onyinye na nhọpụta nke Davido natara
* Ndepụta nke ndị Yoruba
* Ndepụta nke ndị egwu Naịjirịa

== Ndetu ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
{{S-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box|title=[[The Headies award for Next Rated|Next Rated Award]]|before=[[Wizkid (musician)|Wizkid]] ([[The Headies 2011|2011]])|after=[[Sean Tizzle]] ([[The Headies 2013|2013]])|years=[[The Headies 2012|2012]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Davido|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adeleke, Davide}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Charles Bukeko''' (10 Julaị 1962 &amp;#x2D; 18 Julaị 2020) bụ onye Kenya na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe ọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Omondi|first=Ferdinand|title=Papa Shirandula: Much-loved Kenyan comedian buried|date=20 July 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53474144|accessdate=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Baranga|first=Samson|title=Bebe Cool, Flavia and Seanice eat big|date=21 January 2014|publisher=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]|url=https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=29731:bebe-cool-flavia-and-seanice-eat-big|accessdate=6 October 2019|archivedate=7 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107114949/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=29731:bebe-cool-flavia-and-seanice-eat-big}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Forget the stock market, Kenya's millionaires are entertainers|date=11 April 2009|publisher=[[Daily Nation]]|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/forget-the-stock-market-kenya-s-millionaires-are-entertainers--588364|accessdate=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Brrr' advert star eyes South Africa movie industry|date=3 July 2009|publisher=[[Business Daily Africa]]|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/society/3405664-618318-13p6avjz/index.html|accessdate=6 October 2019|archivedate=6 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006190111/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/society/3405664-618318-13p6avjz/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A maara ya maka igosi onye isi na usoro telivishọn ''Papa Shirandula'', nke o mekwara ma merie 2010 Kalasha Award for Best Actor in a TV Series.&lt;ref name=&quot;tuko&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kasami|first=Dickens|title=Quick Facts You Need To Know About Papa Shirandula|year=2016|publisher=[[Tuko]]|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/54002-papa-shirandula-famous-south-africa-5-quick-facts.html#54002|accessdate=6 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bukeko pụtakwara na ihe nkiri afọ 2012 The ''Captain'' of Nakara .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mugendi|first=Eric|title=Africa at the European film festival|date=23 May 2014|publisher=[[The EastAfrican]]|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Africa-at-the-European-film-festival-/434746-2324672-uxrcbk/index.html|accessdate=6 October 2019|archivedate=6 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006191715/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Africa-at-the-European-film-festival-/434746-2324672-uxrcbk/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hilarious Local Comedy to Open the Kenya International Film Festival|date=5 October 2012|publisher=[[Ghafla!]]|url=http://www.ghafla.com/hilarious-local-comedy-to-open-the-kenya-international-film-festival/|accessdate=6 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bukeko nwụrụ na Julaị 18, 2020 site na ihe yiri mgbaàmà COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wako|first=Amino|title=Papa Shirandula is dead|date=18 July 2020|publisher=[[Daily Nation]]|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/life/papa-shirandula-is-dead|accessdate=18 July 2020|archivedate=19 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719012109/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/life/papa-shirandula-is-dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wanga|first=Justus|title=TV star 'Papa Shirandula' dies in Nairobi|date=18 July 2020|publisher=[[Daily Nation]]|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/tv-star-papa-shirandula-dies-in-nairobi-1900834|accessdate=18 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Bukeko bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ anọ nne na nna ya bụ Valeria Makokha na Cosmas Wafula.&lt;ref name=&quot;tuko&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Standard Entertainment|title=Popular TV actor Charles Bukeko alias Papa Shirandula dead – family|date=18 July 2020|publisher=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001379193/popular-tv-actor-charles-bukeko-alias-papa-shirandula-dead-family|accessdate=18 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ ya na Busia, Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;caroline&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nyanga|first=Caroline|title='It all began with one line', Papa Shirandula.|date=13 June 2015|publisher=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2000165524/it-all-began-with-one-line-papa-shirandula|accessdate=6 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bukeko gara Jogoo Road Primary School wee gaa Upper Hill Secondary, ụlọ akwụkwọ Middle na Nairobi, ebe ọ nwetara Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE).&lt;ref name=&quot;tuko&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caroline&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
Bukeko lụrụ Beatrice Ebbie Andega ma ha mụtara ụmụ atọ: Tony, Charlie na Wendy.&lt;ref name=&quot;caroline&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kimuyu|first=Hilary|title=ACTSCENE:Papa Shirandula: Blame my wife for my weight|date=18 February 2018|publisher=[[Daily Nation]]|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/buzz/Papa-Shirandula--Blame-my-wife-for-my-weight-/441236-4309506-oy3m3tz/index.html|accessdate=6 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006184104/https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/buzz/Papa-Shirandula--Blame-my-wife-for-my-weight-/441236-4309506-oy3m3tz/index.html|archivedate=6 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mwarua|first=Douglas|title=Papa Shirandula blames his wife for his huge body|year=2018|publisher=[[Tuko]]|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266503-papa-shirandula-blames-wife-huge-body.html#266503|accessdate=6 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Papa Shirandula: My wife is trying to keep me out of the market|date=21 February 2018|publisher=[[Ghafla!]]|url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/papa-shirandula-my-wife-is-trying-to-keep-me-out-of-the-market/|accessdate=6 October 2019|archivedate=23 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223222108/http://www.ghafla.com/ke/papa-shirandula-my-wife-is-trying-to-keep-me-out-of-the-market/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bukeko nwere ọrịa shuga.&lt;ref name=&quot;98.4 Capital FM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Capital Reporter|title=Popular TV Actor Papa Shirandula Is Dead|date=18 July 2020|publisher=[[98.4 Capital FM]]|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2020/07/popular-tv-actor-papa-shirandula-is-dead/|accessdate=18 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ Karen dị na Nairobi, Kenya, na 18 Julaị 2020, mgbe ọ butere COVID-19 n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;98.4 Capital FM&quot; /&gt; Ọ dị afọ 58, ọ nwụrụ ụbọchị asatọ mgbe ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Standard Entertainment|title=Charles Bukeko dead at 58: Outpouring of grief for Papa Shirandula actor|date=18 July 2020|publisher=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001379201/charles-bukeko-dead-at-58-outpouring-of-grief-for-papa-shirandula-actor|accessdate=18 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* The Constant Gardener (2005)&lt;ref name=&quot;tuko&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Papa Shirandula: Kenyan actor Charles Bukeko remembered|date=25 July 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53479365|accessdate=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Malooned''! (2007)
* The ''Captain'' of Nakara (2012)

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|2717199}}</text>
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    <title>Judith Mason</title>
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'''Judith Mason''' amụrụ '''Judith Seelander Menge''' (ubochí irí n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1938 na ubochi irí abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba 2016) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nké na-arụ ọrụ na mmanụ, pensụl, obibi akwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi ngwakọta. Ọrụ ya bàrà ọgaranya na ihe nnọchianya na akụkọ ifo, na-egosipụta nkà na ụzụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Judith Mason nà Pretoria; South Africa, na 1938. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nà Pretoria High School for Girls n'afọ 1956. N'afọ 1960, e nyere ya nzere BA na Fine Arts na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand . Ọ kụziri ihe osise na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Mahadum Pretoria, Michaelis School of Fine Art na Cape Town, Scuola Lorenzo de 'Medici na Florence, Ịtali site n'afọ 1989 ruo afọ 1991 ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha mpụga màkà akara ugo mmụta na nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadụ Pretoria, Potchefstroom, Natal, Stellenbosch na Cape Town. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Mason na-ekwu màkà arụrụala nke Truth and Reconciliation Commission kpughere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Temin&quot;&gt;Temin, Christine (1999) &quot;The art of truth and healing after apartheid, South African artists reflect the difficult past and challenging future&quot;, ''[[Boston Globe]]'', 3 January 1991, p. C3&lt;/ref&gt; Mason nwụrụ na White River n'ubochí irí abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/judith-mason-remained-true-to-her-art-20161229|title=Judith Mason 'remained true to her art'|work=news24.com|accessdate=31 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Judith_Mason10.jpg|thumb]]

== Ihe ngosi ==
[[Usòrò:Judith_Mason11.jpg|thumb|''Foto onwe onye mgbe ọ dị afọ 90'']]
Nnukwu ihe ncheta: Judith Mason 'A Prospect of Icons' Standard Bank Gallery n'ubochí isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2008 na Sasol Art Museum, Mahadum Stellenbosch n'ubochí irí na anọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị ruo Machị 2009. Ndepụta e bipụtara na njikọ ya na ihe ngosi ahụ. 
E gosipụtara akwụkwọ ndị na-ese ihe Mason na Washington DC na National Museum for African Art màkà ihe ngosi 'Artists' Books na Africa' kwụsịrị n'ubochí irí n'otu n'ọnwa Septemba 2016.
'Anụmanụ ndị a na-achọpụtaghị' June 2016 bụ ihe ngosi ikpeazụ ya.

Mason gosipụtara ugboro ugboro na South Africa, yana ọrụ na nnukwu nchịkọta nka South Africa yana na nchịkọta onwé nà nkè ọha na eze na Europe na United States. E meela ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na Gris, Ịtali, [[Netherlands]], Belgium, [[Chile]], Germany, Switzerland, New York na Miami.

Ọrụ ọha na eze ya kachasị gụnyere: ''Nwoke'' na-abụ abụ na Nwaanyị Na-agbachi nkịtị aka Blue Dress na Ụlọikpe Iwu na Johannesburg, South Africa. Ọtụtụ nnukwu tapestries na mmekorita ya na Marguerite Stephens na windo windo màkà ụlọ nzukọ Great Park na Johannesburg. N'afọ 2008, site n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba ruo n'ụbọchị isii n'ọnwarị n'afọ 2008, ụlọ ọrụ Standard Bank Gallery dị na Johannesburg, South Africa kwadoro nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ihe osise, eserese, nchịkọta, ntinye, akwụkwọ na édémédé ndị na-ese ihe. Sasol Art Museum na Mahadum Stellenbosch tinyere otu ihe ngosi ahụ akpọrọ: A Prospect of Icons site na 14 Jenụwarị ruo 28 Machị 2009. Ihe ngosi mbụ ya n'onwe ya bụ na Gallery 101, Johannesburg, na 1964 mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ihe nrite nke abụọ na asọmpi U.A.T na 1963. Mason egosila mgbe niile na Johannesburg, Cape Town, Pretoria, Stellenbosch, Mpumalanga na George. Goodman Gallery, Chelsea Gallery, Association of Arts Pretoria, Association of Art Cape Town, Hout Street Gallery, Strydom Gallery, Dorp Street Gallery, Art on Paper, Abalone Gallery, Sasol Art Museum, Mahadum Stellenbosch, Standard Bank Museum, Karen Mackerron Gallery, yana lithographs, ihe osise na ihe osise dị na Ombondi Gallery na New York na 1990 na nso a, tapestries, ihe osisa na eserese na Deeringate, Miami Dade, 2016 na lithograph na Art Basel Miami Beach 2010 na 2015. Ọ nọchitere anya South Africa na Venice Biennale, 1986, São Paulo Biennale 1973, Brazil, Valparaiso Biennale 1979, Chile na Houston Arts Festival 1980, USA.

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

* Anya Uche: Okwu Mmalite maka Ime Ihe Osise (Books &amp; Books Press USA, 2016, 2017)  
* India's Elephants, Okwu Mmalite. Foto nke Annette Bonnier Books &amp; Books Press, 2014)  
* Na-agagharị na Dante. Ihe osise na ederede nke Judith Mason. Edited by Johann de Lange Publisher: Ettienne Koekemoer, Cape Town, South Africa 2011. A bịanyere aka na nọmba.
* TAXI-015: Paul Stopforth, Essay. Edited Bronwyn Law-Viljoen, onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, David Krut, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2010
* Nkà na Ikpe Ziri Ezi: Nkà nke Ụlọikpe Iwu nke South Africa. Edited Bronwyn Law-Viljoen David Krut  
* A Prospect of Icons bipụtara n'oge ncheta ya, Judith Mason: A Prospect nke Icons. (Standard Bank of South Africa, 2008)  
* Dante na South Africa site n'aka Stephen Watson. Edited Patrick Cullinan. Publisher Center for Creative Writing, Mahadum nke Cape Town  
* A Dante Bestiary (Ombondi Editions, NY, 1990) Nke Bruce Attwood bipụtara, Broederstroom Press.
* Skoenlapper Heuwel, Skoenlappers Vrou sere uri nke [[Wilma Stockenström|Wilma Stockenstrom]] (Butterfly Hill, Butterfly Woman Publisher: Ombondi Editions, NY. Nke Bruce Attwood bipụtara na Broederstroom Press, 1988.
* Abụ ndị a họọrọ site na Patrick Cullinan, 1992, mbipụta ndị na-ese ihe nke Mark Attwood bipụtara, The Artists' Press.
* Talking Pictures Essays E bipụtara site na Bruce Attwood Broederstroom Press, Publisher Broederst Room Press, Broederst room, South Africa, 1989.
* Concordant Silence Mixed Media Portfolio gụnyere fotolithography, lithography, plate sinking, foto na ọla edo site n'aka na akwụkwọ ọla edo na mmekorita ya na onye na-ede uri Ted Townsend bịanyere aka na nọmba. Mbipụta nke 75.

== Họrọ Nchịkọta Na Mba Ọzọ ==

* Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City&lt;ref name=&quot;MoMA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judith Mason {{!}} MoMA|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/38201|work=The Museum of Modern Art|accessdate=1 December 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, Washington DC&lt;ref name=&quot;National Museum of African Art&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Works – Judith Mason|url=https://africa.si.edu/collections/people/2596/judith-mason/objects?ctx=228129ec6fb8b2630360cb1a9c14e69ae61348d7&amp;idx=0|work=National Museum of African Art - Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=1 December 2021|archivedate=1 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201204535/https://africa.si.edu/collections/people/2596/judith-mason/objects?ctx=228129ec6fb8b2630360cb1a9c14e69ae61348d7&amp;idx=0}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Bodleian, Mahadum Oxford, UK&lt;ref name=&quot;latitudes.online&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judith Mason|url=https://latitudes.online/artists/judith_mason|work=latitudes.online|accessdate=1 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mahadum Yale, USA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.art.co.za/judithmason/|title=Judith Mason – art.co.za – Art in South Africa|work=art.co.za|accessdate=31 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://artthrob.co.za/2017/02/03/a-tribute-to-judith-mason/ Ekele e nyere Judith Mason bụ Kim Berman]
* [http://www.litnet.co.za/interview-daughters-judith-mason/ Ajụjụ ọnụ na ụmụ nwanyị Judith Mason]
* [https://www.facebook.com/judithmasonartist/ Judith Mason na Facebook]
* [http://www.pelmama.org/MASON.htm Judith Mason Ihe nkiri 3 na YouTube Channel nke PELMAMA]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Diane Victor</title>
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'''Diane Victor''', (amụrụ n'afọ 1964, Witbank, South Africa) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé na-ebi akwụkwọ na South Africa, nke a maara maka nkọwa ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya banyéré ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke oge a.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Victor na Witbank, South Africa.  O nwetara nzere BA Fine Arts na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na Johannesburg n'afọ 1986.

Site na 1990 rụo ugbu a, Victor akụziwo oge ezumike, na-akụzi eserese na obibi akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ dị ichè íchè nke South Africa gụnyere Mahadum Pretoria, Wits Technikon, Pretoria Technikon.

== Ihe osise ==
Ọrụ Victor na-eji onyinyo ahụ, mgbé mgbè onyinyo onwé ya, iji mepụta akụkọ dị mgbagwoju anya metụtara South Africa nke ógè a na nsogbụ agha zuru ụwa ọnụ, nrụrụ áká na ime ihe ike na ọha na eze, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ onwé ónyé. Dị ka Virginia Mackenny si kwuo, ọrụ Victor na-ama ónyé na-ekiri ya aka &quot;ịkwacha ihe oyiyi ya jupụtara na ya, nke jupụtara na nkọwa zuru ezu, iji chọpụta ọkwa ha na omume. N'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olileanya ọ bụla nke usoro, ihe oyiyi ndị a na-echetara Breugel ma ọ bụ Bosch n'echiche ha na-enweghị nchekwube banyéré ụwa na mkpokọta nke otu nzuzu n'elu nke ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;Perryer, Sophie,ed. 10 years 100 Artists: Art in a Democratic South Africa, 2004, p. 398.&lt;/ref&gt; Victor gosipụtara eziokwu jupụtara na ikpe na-ezighị ezi, na-ekpughe mgbagwoju anya nke ịdị adị nke oge a. &quot;Ikike ya igosi isiokwu ya na isiokwu ya n'ụzọ nke na ihe niile ma e wezụga ịmanye anyị ka anyị mata ha na-achụpụ anyị n'ime ihe anyị na-enweghị obi ụtọ, ma anyị chọrọ ya ma ọ bụ na anyị achọghị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;McInnes, Jacki. &quot;Of Fables and Folly: Diane Victor, Recent Work Catalog.&quot;Grinnell: Faulconer Gallery, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Ikike Victor nwèrè ịga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya nke karịrị afọ irí àtó, emeela ka o doo ányá na ọ nọgide na-aga n'ihu na nkà na usoro.  Ọ na-emetụtakwa usoro eserese nnwale, dịka a hụrụ ya na ihe osise anwụrụ ọkụ na ihe osisi ntụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;little history&quot;&gt;&quot;Little History&quot; Proferssor Karen von Veh, interview with Diane Victor 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi onwe onye ==

* 2018 &quot;Little History&quot; na Johannes Stegmnn Gallery na Bloemfontein
* 2018 &quot;The 14 Stations&quot; ntinye maka Aardklop Festival, Mahadum nke Potchefstroom
* 2018 &quot;Otu ịchụ nta&quot; na Goodman Gallery na Cape Town
* 2017 &quot;I gosipụta Eziokwu na Ike&quot; na David Krut Projects na New York
* 2015 &quot;One Pound of Flesh&quot; na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 2014 &quot;Nịga na mmebi eme&quot; na David Krut Projects na Cape Town
* 2013 &quot;Enweghị mba maka ụmụ nwanyị ochie&quot; KKNK Festival artist exhibition na Oudtshoorn
* 2012 &quot;Ashes to Ashes and Smoke to Dust&quot;, University of Johannesburg Art Gallery
* 2012 &quot;Diane Victor - Ọrụ na-adịbeghị anya&quot; na David Krut Projects na New York, USA
* 2011 &quot;Fables and Folly&quot; na Faulconer Gallery na Grinnell College, Iowa, USA
* 2011 &quot;Brief Lives&quot;, onye na-ese ihe na mmemme na ngosi Innibos na Nelspruit
* 2011 &quot;Ashes to Ashes and Smoke to Dust&quot;, Mahadum nke Johannesburg art gallery
* 2010 &quot;Smoke Screen: Frailty and Failing&quot; na David Krut Projects na New York, USA
* 2010 &quot;Transcend&quot; na Goodman Gallery na Johannesburg
* 2009 Festival artist na Aardklop ngosi na Potchefstroom
* 2006 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 2005 Ihe osise anwụrụ ọkụ na Michael Stevenson Gallery na Cape Town
* 2003 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 1999 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 1997 Joburg Theatre n'etiti ndị mmadụ, kọmitii, Tesson Theatre, Johannesburg
* 1994 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 1990 South African Arts Association, Pretoria Gallery on the Market, Johannesburg

== Nnyocha ndị nta akụkọ ==

* Herlo van Rensburg, &quot;N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Diane Victor.&quot; ''Foto na'' ederede. Nke 5, peeji nke 273, August 1995
* Herlo van Rensburg, &quot;Purging in the work of Diane Victor: Contradiction and Convergence&quot;, June 1996&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.up.ac.za/academic/arts/gallery.html|title=South Africa Gallery|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990428182459/http://www.up.ac.za/academic/arts/gallery.html|archivedate=28 April 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Chris Roper, &quot;Onye ọ bụla na nke ya&quot;, Mail &amp; Guardian, 8 Mee 1998
* Brenda Atkinson, &quot;Ụfọdụ nkume dị oké ọnụ ahịa na njedebe nke eke na egwurugwu&quot;, Mail &amp; Guardian,8 Eprel 1999 (Ntụle nke Winsor na Newton Millennium Painting Competition)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/mg/art/fineart/9904/990408-winton.html|title=Winton|accessdate=13 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925020954/http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/mg/art/fineart/9904/990408-winton.html|archivedate=25 September 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Brenda Atkinson, &quot;Clean: An Exhibition of De-saturated Contemporary Art&quot;, ArtThrob, November 2001&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/01nov/reviews/millennium.html|title=A R T T H R O B / R E V I E W S|publisher=Artthrob.co.za|date=|accessdate=13 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Daniel Thöle, &quot;Nkwupụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya gafere ókèala&quot;, [[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]], Tuesday, 9 April 2002 (Ntụle nke 'Transmigrations' na Pretoria Art Museum)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Coffeehouse/6702/transmigration/reviews/bdreview.htm|title=Transmigration|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030404105723/http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Coffeehouse/6702/transmigration/reviews/bdreview.htm|archivedate=4 April 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sue Williamson, &quot;Grime' na Bell-Roberts Art Gallery&quot;, ArtThrob, July 2002&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/02jul/reviews/grime.html|title=A R T T H R O B / R E V I E W S|publisher=Artthrob.co.za|date=|accessdate=13 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Andrea Jonker-Bryce, &quot;Ihe karịrị anya&quot;, Dispatch Online, Thursday, 21 November 2002 (Ntụle nke 'Transmigrations' na Ann Bryant Art Gallery)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/2002/11/21/features/EYE.HTM|title=Welcome to Dispatch Online|publisher=Dispatch.co.za|date=12 November 2010|accessdate=13 March 2012|archivedate=26 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226161949/http://www.dispatch.co.za/2002/11/21/features/EYE.HTM}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gordon Froud, &quot;Dianne Victor&quot;. Ihe omuma [https://web.archive.org/web/20130905145450/http://designmagazine.co/mag_art.html ''ihe''] omuma. Nke 2, Disemba 2010, peeji nke 6373&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://issuu.com/designinformation/docs/design_art_no_2/63?mode=embed&amp;layout=http://skin.issuu.com/v/darkicons/layout.xml&amp;showFlipBtn=true|title=DESIGN&gt;ART No 2|publisher=Issuu.com|date=|accessdate=1 August 2013|archivedate=1 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201143515/http://issuu.com/designinformation/docs/design_art_no_2/63?mode=embed&amp;layout=http://skin.issuu.com/v/darkicons/layout.xml&amp;showFlipBtn=true}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Hobbs, Philippa na Rankin, Elizabeth. Mbipụta na South Africa Parkwood na-agbanwe agbanwe: 2008, David Phillip Publishers, 1997.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0864863349|0864863349]].
* Perryer, Sophie, ed. ''10 afọ 100'' Artists: Art in a Democratic South Africa, 2004.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/1868729877|1868729877]].
* Mmetụta Onwe Onye: Ike na Poetics na Contemporary South African Art, 2004.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0945802420|0945802420]]
* Rankin, Elizabeth na Karen von Veh. TAXI-013: Diane Victor. Parkwood: 2008, David Krut na-ebipụta Taxi Art Book.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780958497589|9780958497589]].
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Nkwado mmadụ na mmejọ mmadụ: nghọta ọha na eze banyere ọdachi nke udo nke Diane Victorá&quot;. South African Journal of Art History 26.1 (2011): 85-95.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Collateral: Printmaking as Social Commentary&quot;, Gus Fisher Art Gallery, Mahadum nke Auckland
* Bronwyn Law-Viljoen, Juliet White, Karen von Veh na Luke Crossley ''Diane Victor na-ere kandụl'' na Both Ends Parkwood: 2012, David Krut Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780958497534|9780958497534]].
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Essay for Little History Johannes Stegmann Gallery, Mahadum nke Free State.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Lao na Transition n'ọrụ nke Diane Victor. Diane Victor: Ịkpọ kandụl ọkụ na njedebe abụọ. Johannesburg: David Krut. peeji nke 5-78.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Diane Victor, [[Tracey Rose]], na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwoke na nwanyị nke Christian Imagery&quot;. Nkà Africa. Oge oyi 2012.Mpịakọta nke 45. nke 4. peeji nke 22-33
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nchịkọta nke [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nka South Africa: nyocha ntụnyere nke ihe oyiyi ahọpụtara kemgbe 1960, na-ekwusi ike n'oge post-apartheid. De Arte 85. 2012. peeji nke5-25.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndị Nsọ na ndị mmehie: Ịtụleghachi ntọala ike nwoke na nwanyị nke ihe oyiyi okpukpe gbanyesiri ike. Na A.A. du Preez (ed.) Ichebe Anya: Mmekọahụ na Omenala Anya. Newcastle on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. peeji nke 47-70.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ntụle na Sasol Wax Art Awards De Arte 75, September 2007, peeji nke 64-72.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mgbanwe nke ihe oyiyi okpukpe n'ọrụ Diane Victor. Usoro nke Transformation / s na Visual Culture. Nzukọ nke iri abụọ na abụọ kwa afọ nke South African Association of Visual Arts Historians, nke VUT bipụtara 2007 pp: 179-188.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Enwere ebe maka ụmụ nwanyị na nka South Africa nke oge a. De Arte, No.73, 2006, peeji nke 28-42.
* 2021, Vitamin D3: Today's Best in Contemporary Drawing, nke Phaidon bipụtara  

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.goodman-gallery.com/artists/diane-victor Ụlọ ngosi Goodman]
* [http://davidkrutprojects.com/artists/191/diane-victor Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ David Krut]
* [https://www.artprintsa.com/diane-victor.html Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị na-ese ihe]
* [http://fvanderriet.com/AGV/index.php?Page=./artistes/artist%20diane.htm Ụlọ ọrụ Grand Village]
* [http://www.art.co.za/dianevictor/ Art.co.za]
* [https://www.moma.org/artists/28199 MoMA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525232243/https://www.artskop.com/artmedia/en/in-conversation-with-diane-victor-at-atelier-le-grand-village/ Artskop]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Victor, Diane}}
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Dorra Ibrahim Zarrouk''' (Arabic: ; a mụrụ na 13 Jenụwarị 1980) bụ [[Tunisia|onye obodo Tunisia]] na-eme ihe nkiri bi na Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/58952/Dorra-to-be-honored-in-Arts-and-Creativity-Festival-of|title=Dorra to be honored in Arts and Creativity Festival of Carthage|work=Egypt Today|date=14 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cite2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dorra Zarrouk|url=http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&amp;no=10697|work=africultures.com|accessdate=19 January 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cite3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dorra Zarrouk|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/LIN23015dorrakuorra0/actualite-afriquedorra-zarrouk.html|work=jeuneafrique.com|publisher=Mohamed Habib Ladjimi|accessdate=19 January 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cite4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dorra Zarrouk Prix de la meilleure actrice au Festival &quot; Nejm El Arab &quot; du Caire|url=https://www.realites.com.tn/2019/12/dorra-zarrouk-prix-de-la-meilleure-actrice-au-festival-nejm-el-arab-du-caire/|work=realites.com.tn|accessdate=19 January 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cite5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=الفنانة درة تأخذنا في جولة داخل حياتها الخاصة لأول مرة Dorra Zarrouk|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQQ_39EH9S8|work=youtube|publisher=Alghad TV - قناة الغد|accessdate=19 January 2020|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Couv-Tunivisions Couv Janvier 2016.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]]

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Dorra na Tunis, nna ya bụ Ibrahim Zarrouk na nna nna ya, Ali Zouaoui, bụ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;jeuneafrique&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/79144/archives-thematique/dorra-zarrouk/|title=Tout en poursuivant de brillantes études, cette jeune comédienne est devenue la coqueluche des téléspectateurs tunisiens|work=jeuneafrique.com|language=French|date=24 January 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/1969030.aspx|title=درة في ضيافة &quot;بوابة الأهرام&quot;: أحلم بالمسرح الاستعراضي وإعادة فوازير رمضان|work=ahram.org|language=Arabic|date=13 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dorra nwere nzere bachelọ nke iwu na Faculty of Law and Political Science nke Tunis n'afọ 2001, mgbe ahụ o nwere nzere masta nke Advanced Studies na Political Science na Mahadum Saint Joseph na Lebanọn n'afọ 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.vogue.me/culture/dorra-zarrouk-five-facts/|title=There’s Something About Dorra Zarrouk You Don’t Know…|work=vogue.me|date=15 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1205999/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC-|title=درة التونسية تفتخر بدور &quot;العاهرة&quot;.. ولهذا السبب لم تتزوج بعد|work=elfann.com|language=Arabic|date=21 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ar.espacemanager.com/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%89-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7|title=درة زروق للحصري : &quot;رغم هجرتي إلى مصر أبقى درّة التونسية.... و بلبنان كنت أزور باستمرار صبرا وشتيلا....&quot;|work=espacemanager.com|language=Arabic|date=19 November 2012|accessdate=19 June 2022|archivedate=21 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021103712/https://ar.espacemanager.com/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%89-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'agbanyeghị agụmakwụkwọ ya, Dorra malitere ime ihe nkiri n'afọ 1997, mgbe ahụ na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri Tunisia, El Teatro [fr], ya na Taoufik Jebali n'afọ 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10697|title=Dorra Zarrouk|work=africultures.com|language=French|date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://emirateswoman.com/dorra-zarrouk/|title=Our exclusive interview with Tunisian actress Dorra Zarrouk|work=emirateswoman.com|date=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2002, ihe mbụ Dorra mere bụ na ihe nkiri Franco-Tunisian, ''Khorma'' [fr].&lt;ref name=&quot;jeuneafrique&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2003, o sonyere na ''Colosseum'': Rome's Arena of Death . Usoro TV mbụ ya na mpụga Tunisia bụ n'afọ 2004, mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Fares Bani Marwan na Syria.&lt;ref name=&quot;jeuneafrique&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://stepfeed.com/our-list-of-top-20-arab-social-media-stars-9463|title=Our list of top 20 Arab social media stars|work=stepfeed.com|date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ pụtara na ''Nadia'' et Sarra na Hiam Abbass . N'afọ 2005, o mere ihe nkiri na Le Voyage de Louisa [fr].

N'afọ 2007, ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'Ijipt, ebe ọ gosipụtara na ''Alawela fel Gharam'' na ''Heya Fawda'' na Menna Shalabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;harpersbazaararabia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/people/culture/in-conversation-with-the-arab-film-worlds-most-in-demand-actress|title=In Conversation With: The Arab Film World's Most In-Demand Actress|work=harpersbazaararabia.com|date=10 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka oge na-aga, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri dị iche iche dịka ''Al Mosafer'', ''Tisbah Ala Khair'' na ''Sheikh Jackson''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://insight-egypt.com/?p=5407|title=Dorra Zarrouk: The Scintillating star bids farewell to summer|work=insight-egypt.com|date=15 October 2017|accessdate=19 June 2022|archivedate=30 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030182857/https://insight-egypt.com/?p=5407}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
Dorra kwere onye ọchụnta ego Tunisian bụ Qays Mukhtar nkwa ọlụlụ n'oge na-adịghị anya n'afọ 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;harpersbazaararabia&quot; /&gt; N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, o biputere foto na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na onye ọchụnta ego Ijipt na onye na-emepụta ime ụlọ, Hany Saad, onye ọ lụrụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://etbilarabi.com/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%9F|title=ما حقيقة ارتباط درة برجل الأعمال هاني سعد؟|work=ET بالعربي|language=Arabic|date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://getprimonews.com/%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88-%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84/|title=حقيقة زواج درة و هاني سعد رجل الاعمال|work=البريمو نيوز|language=Arabic|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|title=Dorra|url=http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1100321/biography|work=elcinema|accessdate=19 January 2020|language=ar}}
* {{IMDb name|0244327}}
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'''Doyle Lane''' (1925-2002) bụ onye Africa-America na-eme ihe ọkpụkpụ nke a maara màkà ihe ọhụrụ ya, glazes na-emetụ aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lewis|first=Samella|title=African American Art and Artists|date=1990|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya sitere na arịa dị nro na ihe ọkpụkpụ ụrọ ruo nnukwu ihe osise ụrọ na mosaics. Lane nwèrè ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara El Sereno nke East Los Angeles. O gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Brockman Gallery na Leimert Park (1968) na Ankrum Gallery na La Cienega Boulevard (1967, 1968), ebe abụọ a ma ama màkà nka Africa America na Los Angeles n'etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tigerman|first=Bobbye|title=A Handbook of California Design|date=2013|publisher=Los Angeles County Museum of Art|location=Los Angeles|isbn=978-0-262-51838-3|pages=156–157}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
[[Usòrò:Doyle's_pots.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|150x150px|Igbe Doyle Lane n'elu ụlọ ihe nkiri]]
A mụrụ ya na New Orleans, ọ kwagara Los Angeles na mbido afọ 1950. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Los Angeles City College, East Los Angeles City University tupu ọ gaa Mahadum nke Southern California . Na mbido ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ahụ màkà glaze màkà L.H. Butcher na Co. Ka e mesịrị, ọ ga-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na-akwado onwé ya dị ka ónyé ọrụ ite ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Cederholm|first=Theresa Dickason|title=Afro-American Artists: A Bio-Bibliographical Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/afroamericanarti00cede|date=1973|publisher=Trustees of the Boston Public Library|location=Boston|pages=[https://archive.org/details/afroamericanarti00cede/page/168 168–169]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Ndị Dị Ukwu ==
Lane mepụtara nnukwu ihe osise ụrọ màkà ọtụtụ ébé a ma ama na Southern California.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reform&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Doyle Lane: Clay Paintings|date=2014|publisher=The Landing at Reform Gallery|location=Los Angeles}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* California Lutheran Nursing Home and Health Center (Alhambra)
* Golden State Bank (Downey)
* Equitable Savings and Loan (Canoga Park)
* International Children's School (Los Angeles)
* Miller Robinson (Santa Fe Springs)
* Mutual Savings and Loan, 1964 (Pasadena), nke Huntington Library nwetara
* Nri Nri (Pasadena)

== Ọrụ ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Usòrò:Glazed_pot.jpg|ite e ji enyo mee
Usòrò:Doyle Lane Clay Painting.JPG|Ihe osise ụrọ
Usòrò:Doyle Lane Fish.jpg|Isi iyi azụ
Usòrò:Doyle Lane Mural.JPG|Mural na Huntington Library
Usòrò:Detail Doyle Lane Mural.JPG|Nkọwa nke mgbidi na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Huntington
Usòrò:Doyle Lane Weed Pots.JPG|Igbe ahịhịa atọ dị na Doyle Lane
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

* ''California Design 4'', Pasadena Art Museum (1958)
* ''California Design 5'', Pasadena Art Museum (1959)
* California Design 6, Pasadena Art Museum (1960)
* Ụlọ ngosi Ankrum (1967)
* Ankrum Gallery (1968)
* Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri Brockman (1968)
* ''Ihe'' Ebumnuche: USA (1969)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Nordness|first=Lee|title=Objects : USA|date=1970|publisher=The Viking Press|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* California Black Craftsmen, Mills College Art Gallery (1970)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Montgomery|first=Evangeline J.|title=California Black Craftsmen|date=1970|publisher=Mills College Art Gallery|location=Oakland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Los Angeles City College Art Gallery (Ọktoba 1977)
* California Design, 1930-1965: &quot;Living in A Modern Way,&quot; Los Angeles County Museum of Art (October 1, 2011- June 3, 2012)
* ''Doyle Lane'': Clay Paintings, The Landing at Reform Gallery (ihe ngosi naanị ya, May 1-July 5, 2014)

== Nchịkọta Ọha ==

* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Los Angeles County&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Doyle Lane|url=http://collections.lacma.org/node/159696|work=lacma.org|publisher=Los Angeles County Museum of art|accessdate=14 December 2014|archivedate=15 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215000856/http://collections.lacma.org/node/159696}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Oakland nke California
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Africa America nke California
* Smithsonian American Art Museum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Doyle Lane|url=http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=2785|work=Smithsonian American Art Museum|accessdate=14 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Huntington&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Poundstone|first=William|title=Doyle Lane’s &quot;Orange Wall&quot;|url=http://blogs.artinfo.com/lacmonfire/2015/01/19/doyle-lanes-orange-wall/|work=Los Angeles County Museum on Fire|publisher=Blouin ArtInfo|accessdate=21 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121012327/http://blogs.artinfo.com/lacmonfire/2015/01/19/doyle-lanes-orange-wall/|archivedate=21 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>peytz7619m6gnu57rdvz8q6himq2ynw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bouchra Chaâbi</title>
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'''Bouchra Chaabi''' (amụrụ na 22 Septemba, na afọ 1980 na Bougargouh) bụ onye [[Morocco]] na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge nke maara nke ọma na 3000 mita steeplechase.

O mere egwuregwu Olympic mbụ ya na 2000 Sydney Olympics, na-agba ọsọ na mita 10,000. N'afọ ahụ, ọ bụ onye nwetara ọla nchara na ihe omume ahụ na 2000 African Championships in Athletics . O mere n'elu iri abụọ na ọsọ dị mkpirikpi na IAAF World Cross Country Championship ọ bụla site na afọ 2002 ruo na afọ 2006. Ọ malitekwara ịsọ mpi na 3000 mita steeplechase wee bụrụ onye mmeri kọntinent na mmeri ọla edo na afọ 2004 African Championships in Athletics.&lt;ref name=&quot;IAAFBio&quot;&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=132958/index.html Chaabi, Bouchra]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-12-07.&lt;/ref&gt;

O meriri asọmpi ịgba ọsọ Eurocross cross country n'afọ 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;ARRS&quot;&gt;Civai, Franco &amp; Gasparovic, Juraj (2009-02-28). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190506235147/https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm Eurocross 10.2 km (men) + 5.3 km (women)]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2010-03-01.&lt;/ref&gt; Chaâbi gara n'ihu merie ọla nchara mita 5000 na afo 2004 Pan Arab Games n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ. Ọ gbanwere na 3000 m steeplechase maka 2005 World Championships in Athletics ma jisie ike mechie nke iri na ihe omume ikpeazụ. N'afọ ahụ, ọ bụ onye nwetara ọlaọcha 5000m na 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie n'azụ onye obodo ya [[Zhor El Kamch]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180917222500/http://bases.athle.com/asp.net/liste.aspx?frmbase=resultats&amp;frmmode=1&amp;frmespace=0&amp;frmcompetition=008936 2005 Francophonie Games Results]. Athlé. Retrieved on 2010-08-01.&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara ọla nchara steeplechase na 2006 African Championships in Athletics. Ọ gbara ọsọ 1500 mita na 2007 World Championships in Athletics mana e wepụrụ ya na okpomọkụ. Ọ gbara ọsọ n'otu ebe ahụ maka Morocco na afọ 2008 Summer Olympics, mana ọ nweghị ọganihu gafere agba nke mbụ ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;IAAFBio&quot;/&gt;

Na afọ 2009 ya gosipụtara site na nrite ọla edo 5000m na ọlaọcha 10,000m na Jeux de la Francophonie . O nwetara ọkwa nke abụọ na afọ 2010 Cross de la Constitución na Disemba, na-agwụ n'azụ Mónica Rosa.&lt;ref&gt;Valiente, Emeterio (2010-12-06). [http://www.iaaf.org/WXC11/news/kind=100/newsid=58874.html Ebuya breezes in Alcobendas]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-12-07.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{MAR}}
|-
|rowspan=2|2000
|[[2000 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot;| 3rd
|10,000 m
|34:08.79
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Sydney, Australia]]
|38th (q)
|10,000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 10,000 metres|34:49.35]]
|-
|2002
|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Radès]], [[Tunisia]]
|6th
|5000 m
|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres|16:28.02]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2004
|rowspan=2|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Brazzaville]], [[Congo-Brazzaville|Congo]]
|5th
|1500 m
|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 1500 metres|4:26.35]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;| 1st
|3000 m st.
|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|9:53.46]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] 
|[[Algiers, Algeria]]
|bgcolor=cc9966| 3rd
|5000 m
|16:21.17
|-
|rowspan=2|2005
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
|10th
|3000 m st.
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Women's 3,000 metres steeplechase|9:47.62]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] 
|[[Niamey, Niger]]
|bgcolor=silver| 2nd
|5000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#5000 meters 2|16:21.54]]
|-
|2006
|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]
|[[Bambous, Mauritius|Bambous]], [[Mauritius]]
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot;| 3rd
|3000 m st.
|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|10:11.52]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]]
|rowspan=2|[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
|4th
|1500 m
|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games – Results|4:26.41]]
|-
|4th
|5000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games – Results|19:15.90]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2009
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Beirut, Lebanon]]
|bgcolor=gold| 1st
|5000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|16:23.05]]
|-
|bgcolor=silver| 2nd
|10,000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|35:32.87]]
|}

=== Ihe kacha mma n'onwe ya ===

* 1500 mita - 4:03.62 nkeji (2007)
* 3000 mita - 8:48.00 nkeji (2006)
* 5000 mita - 15:21.32 nkeji (2004)
* 10,000 mita - 32:17.7 nkeji (2000)
* Ọkara marathon - 1:17:45 awa (2003)
* 3000 mita steeplechase - 9:30.35 nkeji (2004)

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Bouchra Chaâbi at World Athletics
*  
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Bella Agossou</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Bella Agossou''' (Arabic; بيلا أجوسو;) amụrụ n'afọ 1981) bụ onye Benin na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri Spanish.&lt;ref name=&quot;ago&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.e-talenta.eu/members/profile/bella-agossou|title=Bella Agossou Actress|publisher=e-TALENTA|accessdate=26 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruthfranco.com/en/bella-agossou/|title=Bella Agossou career|publisher=ruthfranco|accessdate=26 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Agossou malitere ọrụ ya na Benin dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ &quot;Sonangnon&quot; nke ọ mepụtara ma mepụta. Otú ọ dị, mgbe afọ anọ nke ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara Spain na 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediaset.es/12meses/campanas/refugiadosenetiopia/bella-agossou-actriz-adu-inmigracion_18_2890395280.html|title=Bella Agossou: &quot;En África se dan ideas muy falsas de lo que es la vida en Europa&quot;|publisher=mediaset|accessdate=26 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ ọ mụtara asụsụ Catalan na Spanish iji chụsoo ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri Un cuento de Navidad (Christmas Tale) na ọrụ ndu nke nwanyị ndị uwe ojii na-achọ maka enweghị ''akwụkwọ'' dị ka onye mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;ago&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ a ma ama n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Afrịka na nke mba ụwa gụnyere Los Nuestros, ''Moranetta'', A cuento of Nadal na Palmeras en la Nieve . Na 13 Julaị 2017, Agossou nyere ndị nta akụkọ ụlọ ahịa a na-akpọ &quot;NOK&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.africatopsuccess.com/bella-agossou-lactrice-beninoise-qui-fait-des-etincelles-en-espagne/|title=Bella Agossou: l’actrice béninoise qui fait des étincelles en Espagne|publisher=africatopsuccess|accessdate=26 September 2020|archivedate=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009031540/https://www.africatopsuccess.com/bella-agossou-lactrice-beninoise-qui-fait-des-etincelles-en-espagne/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nkiri
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
![Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|-
|2008
|''Ndị na-eti mkpu n'obodo''
|
|
|
|-
|2009
|''Akụkọ banyere Nadal''
|Maria
|Ihe nkiri ụlọ
|
|-
|2010
|''Johan nke Mbụ''
|Doris
|
|
|-
|2010
|''Catalonia über alles!''
|
|
|
|-
|2011
|''Alakrana''
|Onye ntụgharị Embassy
|obere usoro
|
|-
|2011
|''Catalonia über alles!''
|Onyinye na-ana ụtụ isi
|
|
|-
|2012
|''Enwere m agụụ maka gị''
|Onye na-akụ ọkpọ
|
|
|-
|2013
|''Kubala, Moreno na Manchón''
|
|
|
|-
|2013
|''Akụkọ Krismas''
|
|Ihe nkiri ụlọ
|
|-
|2013
|''A mụrụ ya''
|
|
|
|-
|2014
|''Osisi nkwụ n'ime snow''
|Oba
|
|
|-
|2014
|''Ndị Anyị''
|
|
|
|-
|2015
|''Kubala, Moreno na Manchón''
|Rut
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|2016
|''Pọndụ Na-acha Uhie''
|
|
|
|-
|2017
|''Akwụkwọ Sara''
|Masira
|
|
|-
|2019
|''Akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka ịlanarị''
|Onwe Onye
|Ihe ngosi TV
|
|-
|2020
|''Charonte''
|
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|2020
|''Ụsọ Oké Osimiri Ojii''
|Ịṅụ mmanya
|
|
|-
|2020
|''Adú''
|Safi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://matinlibre.com/2020/02/12/dynamisme-de-lactrice-bella-agossou-en-espagne-le-film-adu-en-exclusivite-au-benin/|title=Dynamisme De L’actrice Bella Agossou En Espagne: Le Film ‘’Adu’’ En Exclusivité Au Bénin|publisher=matinlibre|accessdate=26 September 2020|archivedate=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009013047/https://matinlibre.com/2020/02/12/dynamisme-de-lactrice-bella-agossou-en-espagne-le-film-adu-en-exclusivite-au-benin/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|''Obere Nnụnụ''
|Fifi
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|2021
|La templanza (The Vineyard)
|Trinidad
|Ihe nkiri TV
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espinof.com/entrevistas/templanza-hombres-estan-pasado-mujeres-futuro-juana-acosta|work=Espinof|title=&quot;En 'La Templanza' los hombres están en el pasado y las mujeres en el futuro&quot;. Juana Acosta|date=24 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|nm3452541}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220925135746/https://ecranbenin.net/quand-bella-agossou-revele-le-benin-outre-mer/ Mgbe Bella Agossou kpughere Benin Overseas]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Agossou, Bella}} 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>DONDI</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17476</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637833</id>
      <parentid>197822</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T03:37:10Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="8376" sha1="5q9g1zso6yyd53a1s8ty4mkrd209auv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Donald Joseph White''', &quot;DONDI&quot; (ubochí asaá n'ọnwa Eprel, 1961 rụọ úbọchị abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, 1998) bụ '''ónyé''' America na-ese ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt-graustark&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/nyregion/thecity/12coop.html|date=10 April 2009|accessdate=8 March 2018|first=Barbara|author=Graustark|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Chronicler of the Furtive Arts}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;time-bachor&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://time.com/4743207/martha-cooper-subway-graffiti/|date=20 April 2017|accessdate=8 March 2018|first=Kenneth|author=Bachor|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=Preserving New York's History of Graffiti Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Steve Gray, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050557/https://www.widewalls.ch/street-art-legends-dondi-white/ Street Art Legends: Dondi White]&quot;. Widewalls, 22 April 2015. Accessed 2 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Oge ọ malitere ===
A mụrụ ya na mpaghara East New York nke Brooklyn, Dondi bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ ise. Ọ bụ onye Africa America na ónyé Italian America. Ọ gàrà ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik n'oge ọ nọ n'afọ nke abụọ. Ka ọ na-erule 1975, East New York ghọrọ mpaghara na-adịghị akwụsi ike nke nwéré esemokwu agbụrụ na esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ka ndị otu. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Zephyr gbara ya, Dondi kwuru na ya sonyeere ọtụtụ òtù ndị omempụ n'afọ ndị 1970 iji zere mwakpo. N'ịchegbu onwe ya ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'azụ, ọ nwetara GED ya na 1984, were ọrụ n'ọfịs gọọmentị, wee malite itinye mmasị ya na graffiti.

=== Ihe odide ===
Ihe odide ghọrọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndụ Dondi n'etiti afọ ndị 1970. O jiri &quot;NACO&quot; na &quot;DONDI&quot; mee ihe, ma rụọ ọrụ n'ịmeziwanye ụdị ya, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga site na mkpado dị mfe gaa n'ịrụpụta ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-ewere iji áhà Dondi (ụdị áhà ya) dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ n'oge ahụ, dịka Metropolitan Transportation Authority na Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii New York (NYPD) na-anwa imegide ndị edemede. N'afọ 1979, Dondi nabatara áhà ya mgbè o sere nnukwu ihe n'elu ụlọ ya.

Ọ ghọrọ ónyé otu TOP crew (The Odd Partners) n'afọ 1977. N'afọ 1978, Dondi guzobere ndị otu nke ya, nke akpọrọ CIA (Crazy Inside Artists), nke gụnyere ndị omenkà ndị ọzọ a ma ama dịka ezigbo enyi ya DURO. N'ime afọ iri abụọ sochirinụ, Dondi ghọrọ ónyé a ma ama dị ka ọkọlọtọ ejiji, na-emetụta ọgbọ nke ndị na-ede ihe odide.&lt;ref&gt;[[Zephyr (artist)]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070208113951/http://www.graffiti.org/dondi/zeph.html &quot;Obituary and Biography&quot;] October 8, 1998, retrieved November 12, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dondi bụ ónyé ọsụ ụzọ n'ọtụtụ ụdị na usoro ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a ka na-eji. [citation needed] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-emekarị ihe ndị na-eme ihe màkà abamuru nke ndị edemede ndị ọzọ (dị ka ihe a ma ama 2MANY), ọ chọrọ ka ọha na eze nwee ike ịgụ ma nwee obi ụtọ n'ọrụ ya, ya mèrè ọ ga-elekwasị anya na akwụkwọ ozi ndị a na-agụ na  mgbagwoju anya.

Ọrụ ya a ma ama bụ Children of the Grave Parts nké mbụ, abụọ na atọ - zuru ezu ụgbọ ala na New York City Subway n'afọ 1978 ruo 1980. [citation needed] A natara aha nke otu ahụ na abụ Black Sabbath. Ónyé nta akụkọ Martha Cooper sere ihe nkiri ikpeazụ site na mmalite ruo na njedebe. N'ime ihe ikpeazụ a, Dondi nabatara ihe nkiri eserese site na Vaughn Bode nwụrụ anwụ. O mechara see otu ụdị nke Children of the Grave 3 n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Ọ bụ ónyé na-ese  mbụ nwere ihe ngosi otu onye na Netherlands na Germany, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbè ochie Europe na-anakọta ọrụ ya.

Dị ka akwụkwọ akụk[[Toxic (graffiti artist)|ọ]] na magazin nkè mmalite afọ 1980 gosipụtara, dị ka magazin People, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Fun Gallery yana ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Jean-Michel Basquiat, Lee Quinones, Keith Haring, ERO (Dominique Philbert), Rammellzee, Fab 5 Freddy, Futura 2000, Toxic, Zephyr, na ''ndị'' ọzọ, ọ butere ihe osise Graffiti site n'okporo ámá gaa n'ụlọ ngosi nka, na ebe ngosi nka nke United States, Europe, na Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;People Magazine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 22, 1983|title=When Graffiti Paintings Sell for Thousands, the Art World Sees the Writing on the Wall|url=https://people.com/archive/when-graffiti-paintings-sell-for-thousands-the-art-world-sees-the-writing-on-the-wall-vol-20-no-8/|work=People Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọnwụ ===
Dondi nwụrụ n'ọrịa AIDS n'ubochí abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Trebay|first=Guy|title=Getting Up|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/getting-up-6421863|accessdate=28 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Madden|first=Jenny|title=Subversive, on the edge and a little bit dangerous? Yeah, right|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/dec/28/features11.g23|accessdate=28 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
Dondi enweghị ụmụ mana ezinụlọ ya, gụnyere nwanne ya nwoke Michael White na nwa ya nwoke Mike White anọwo na-ebugharị ihe nketa ya n'ihu. Dondi hapụrụ ọtụtụ narị ihe osise na ihe osise, nke a ka na-arụrịta ụka banyéré ónyé nwe ya. Zephyr, IZ the Wiz, Doc na Keo sere  n'etiti afọ 1998 na 2000. Ónyé na-ese ihe na-acha odo odo bụ Marbleslinger gosipụtara stencil Dondi n'usoro ihe site na 2008.

E gosipụtara Dondi na akpụkpọ ụkwụ Converse dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ Product Red (2007) yana na uwe capsule nke Kool Sugar Apparel nke ga-adị na 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sneakerfreaker.com/sneaker-releases/Converse-X-Dondi-White/ |title=Sneakerfreaker.com |accessdate=2022-06-27 |archivedate=2013-05-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515135515/http://www.sneakerfreaker.com/sneaker-releases/Converse-X-Dondi-White/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ego a na-enweta na-aga màkà ọrụ ebere ọrịa AIDS.
N'afọ 2019, Dondi White Foundation sonyeere Virgil Abloh màkà uwe uwe ya na-acha ọcha. Ego e nyere Chineke anyị na-enyefe. A ga-etinye njikọ aka niile na-abịanụ na Instagram @dondi_the_real.

Na Jenụwarị 2018 na ire ere Artnet, ihe osise Dondi nke afọ 1984, nke akpọrọ Solid Formation, nke e mèrè atụmatụ n'etiti dollar puku iri ise na dollar puku iri asaa rere màkà dollar narị puku abụọ na iri anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135640/https://www.widewalls.ch/dondi-white-painting-artnet-record/|url=https://www.widewalls.ch/dondi-white-painting-artnet-record/|archivedate=26 June 2018|accessdate=26 August 2018|title=A Dondi White Painting Achieves Record Prices at artnet Auctions|date=1 February 2018|first=Andrey|author=Velimirović}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbasa ozi ==

=== Ihe ngosi na ngosipụta ===

* Martha Cooper na Ụmụaka Radiant (1979)
* Esses Studio (1980)
* New York/New Wave (1981)
* Ebe Egwuregwu (1982)
* New York City Rap Tour (1982)
* Ụlọ ngosi Yaki Kornblit (1983)
* Ebe Egwuregwu (2) (1983)
* Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Boijmans - Van Beuningen (1983)
* Ihe ngosi Ebe Ndebe Ihe Ochie Europe (1983-85)
* 56 Bleecker Gallery (1987)
* Ihe ngosi Rempire (1992)
* Ihe ngosi nka Groninger (1992)
* [http://www.ghostgalerie.com * GHOST Ụlọ Ahịa DONDISM (Marseille; 2018)]
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ncheta nke France (Paris)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/dondi-white/|title=Dondi White {{!}} artnet|work=www.artnet.com|accessdate=2020-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nkiri ===

* ''Nrọ Anaghị Anwụ'' (1982)
* ''Agha'' Style (1983)
* ''Ụdị Ọhịa'' (1983)

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Andrew Witten na Michael White, ''Dondi White Style Master General'': The Life of Graffiti Artist Dondi White, New York: Regan/HarperCollins Books, 2001.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-06-039427-7|0-06-039427-7]] - lee Zephyr
* Dondism : Ihe ngosi Nlegharị anya - GHOST gallery, Marseille

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070212073003/http://www.dondiwhitefoundation.org/bio.htm Ntọala Dondi White]
* [http://www.at149st.com/dondi.html Dondi White @ 149st]
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'''Laylah Ali''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1968) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke oge a maara maka ihe osise nke a na-egosipụta mmekọrịta agbụrụ na-edoghị anya na usoro eserese eserese.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cotter|first=Holland|title=ART IN REVIEW; Laylah Ali|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/30/arts/art-in-review-laylah-ali.html|accessdate=17 March 2015|work=The New York Times|date=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Ali bu n'obi ịbụ onye ọka iwu ma ọ bụ dọkịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/today/2010/laylah-ali-on-greenheads-violence-in-art-and-more/|title=Laylah Ali on Greenheads, Violence in Art, and More|work=BU Today|accessdate=2016-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ali nwetara B.A. (English and Studio Art) na Williams College, Williamstown, MA na 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali|title=Paul Kasmin Gallery - Laylah Ali|work=paulkasmingallery.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-03|archivedate=2018-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055011/http://www.paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na [http://whitney.org/Collection/Research/ISP Whitney Independent Study Program] na Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City na 1992, wee mechaa ebe obibi na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Skowhegen, ME na 1993. Ali nwetara M.F.A. ya na 1994 na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis, MO. Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Williamstown, Massachusetts, ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ ugbu a na Williams College.&lt;ref name=&quot;cornell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laylah Ali: The Greenheads Series|url=http://museum.cornell.edu/exhibitions/laylah-ali-the-greenheads-series.html|work=museum.cornell.edu|publisher=Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University|accessdate=17 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ọrụ Ali mbụ, ọ ga-ese ma ọ bụ see ìhè ímé ihe ike. O lekwasịrị anya n'omume karịa ime ìhè ike n'onwe ya. N'ọrụ ya ugbu a, ọ naghị elekwasị anya n'omume ahụ; ọ na-elebara ìhè na-eme tụpụ na mgbe ọ gasịrị anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Art 21: art in the 21st century 3|author=Sollins|first=Susan|year=2005|isbn=081095916X|location=Purchase College|pages=[https://archive.org/details/art21artintwenty0000soll/page/28 28]|url=https://archive.org/details/art21artintwenty0000soll/page/28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ndị ahụ bụ obere ìhè osise gouache na ihe osise na akwụkwọ. A maara yá ka ọ na-akwadebe ọtụtụ ọnwa, na-eme atụmatụ ihe ọ bụla kà ọ ghara inwe ohere màkà mmejọ. Ọrụ Ali dabeere ná ahụmịhe ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na mmadụ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ikwu, ọ na-ekwu na ọrụ ya niile nwere ihe ọ pụtara nakwa ná ihe dị n'uche ya karịrị aka ya na akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ART21&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laylah Ali|url=https://art21.org/artist/laylah-ali/|work=Art21.org|accessdate=18 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806191608/https://art21.org/artist/laylah-ali/|archivedate=6 August 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banyere ọdịdị arụmọrụ nkè ọrụ ya, Ali na-ekwu, &quot;Ihe osise ahụ nwere ike ịdị ka usoro ma ọ bụ setịpụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na egwuregwu. Echere m na ha dịka ndị mmadụ na ndị mmadụ. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.juxtapoz.com/news/magazine/laylah-ali-bodies-in-notion/|title=Juxtapoz Magazine - Laylah Ali: Bodies in Notion|work=www.juxtapoz.com|accessdate=2016-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Usoro Greenheads ===
Isiokwu nke ihe osise gouache a ma ama nke Ali bụ ihe odide ''Greenheads'' e mere iji belata ma ọ bụ wepụ ọdịiche dị iche iche nke okike, ogo, afọ, na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ agbụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;Ali, Laylah. &quot;Interview.&quot; ''Laylah Ali. ''By Rebecca Walker. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ali mepụtara ihe karịrị 80 n'ime ihe osise ndị a n'agbata afọ 1996 na 2005. Ali wepụtara ihe oyiyi na isiokwu sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ, dị ka ihe oyiyi nke ihe ịrịba ama ngagharị iwe ma ọ bụ ndị isi ụwa na-amakụ, mànà ọ gbanwere akụkọ iji mepụta ihe dị ányá na ihe ọhụrụ. Ali mepụtara ihe odide na ihe oyiyi ka ha bụrụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ma bụrụ ndị na-edoghị anya. Ha nwèrè ìhè ọ pụtara site n'aka Ali n'onwe ya mànà onye na-ekiri ya na-eweta ihe odide nkè ha iji kọwaa onyinyo ahụ. Ali mèrè ihe odide ka ha yie mmadụ ma ọ bụghị mmadụ ka e wéé wepụ ha n'ụwa anyị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ha nwèrè ihe ọ pụtara na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ha dị n'èzí ụwa anyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Laylah Ali, the Greenheads series: [accompanies the exhibition &quot;Laylah Ali: the Greenheads series&quot; presented at Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, Massachusetts, August 18 - November 25, 2012; Weisman Art Museum, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, March 2 - June 30, 2013; Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, September 7 - December 22, 2013|author=Ali|first=Laylah|date=2012|publisher=s.n.|isbn=9780913697306|location=S.l.|oclc=843494121|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe na-adịghị mma ===
Kemgbe afọ 2015, Ali anọwo na-arụ ọrụ n'usoro ihe osise ọ na-akpọ Acephalous, na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ na-akọwa dị ka onye maara okike, nwere ike inwe mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere àgwà agbụrụ na ụfọdụ n'etiti ha enweghị isi. &quot;Ha nọ na njem na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, nke kpebisiri ike, njem nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ&quot;, ka ọ na-ekwu. &quot;Ọ nwere akụkụ nke ịkwaga n'ike. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

=== Nkwekọrịta ===
Laylah Ali esorowo onye na-agba egwú / onye na-eme ihe nkiri Dean Moss na The Kitchen na 2005 na Figures on a Field na 2014 na ''johnbrown''.&lt;ref name=&quot;BU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/today/2010/laylah-ali-on-greenheads-violence-in-art-and-more/|title=Laylah Ali on Greenheads, Violence in Art, and More|date=4 November 2010|publisher=Boston University|author=Cornuelle, Kimberly|accessdate=17 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2002, Museum of Modern Art, New York, nyere Ali ọrụ ịmepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ na-enweghị okwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.believermag.com/issues/200512/?read=interview_ali|title=The Believer - Interview with Laylah Ali|date=2005-12-01|work=The Believer|accessdate=2017-03-11|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020 n'oge ọrịa a, a na-atụ anya na Ali ga-arụcha ọrụ ya na Tamarind Press na New Mexico. Usoro nchekwa nke COVID-19 chọrọ ka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-ese ihe gbanwee mmekọrịta ọrụ ha gaa na nke mebere emepe. Kama ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ha, ha rụrụ ọrụ iji jiri ozi ahụ zipụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tamarind Institute open to visitors online|url=http://news.unm.edu/news/tamarind-institute-open-to-visitors-online|accessdate=2022-04-03|work=UNM Newsroom|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nchịkọta ==
A na-etinye ọrụ Alias na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, gụnyere Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago na Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali|title=Paul Kasmin Gallery - Laylah Ali|work=paulkasmingallery.com|accessdate=2016-03-05|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305135817/http://www.paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Ihe ngosi onwe onye na nke otu ===
Laylah Ali gosipụtara na Venice Biennial (2003) na Whitney Biennial (2007)&lt;ref name=&quot;ART21&quot;/&gt; Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị a:

* 2017: Laylah Ali: Ihe osise na Ihe osise, Hallwalls Contemporary Arts Center, Buffalo, NY, Nọvemba 10, 2017 Disemba 22, 2017
* 2015-2016: Mahadum nke [[Michigan]] Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ọktoba 17, 2015 na Jenụwarị 31, 2016
* 2015-2016: ASSISTED, Kavi Gupta Gallery, Chicago, IL, September 12, 2015 na Jenụwarị 16, 2016
* 2015: Blanton Museum of Art, Mahadum [[Texas]] na Austin, Austin, Texas, Febụwarị 17 na Mee 15, 2016
* 2015: ''Bịa dị ka ị bụ'': Art nke afọ 1990, Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, New Jersey, February 8 May 17
* 2015: Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, GA, June 12 September 20
* 2015: The Acephalous Series, PAUL KASMIN GALLERY, New York
* 2014: ''Akụkọ onwe onye'', Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington, July 5 May 3, 2014 Up Every Evening, Season gallery, Seattle, Вашингтон, oge opupu ihe ubi
* 2013: Laylah Ali: The Greenheads Series. Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art na Mahadum Cornell, NY.
* 2013: Laylah Ali: The Greenheads Series. Weisman Art Museum na Mahadum Minnesota;
* 2013: The Shadows Took Shape, Studio Museum na Harlem, New York, NY (katalog)
* 2013: Akụkọ ihe mere eme na-edoghị anya: Ihe osise ahọpụtara site na Portfolios nke Exit Art, Art, Design, na Architecture Museum, Mahadum Santa Barbara, CA
* 2013: ''Laylah Ali'' &amp; Gerald Cyrus, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] College of Art and Design Gallery, Lancaster, PA Direct Democracy, Monash University Museum of Art, Melbourne, Australia (katalog)
* 2013: Painting Between the Lines, Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, MA (katalog)
* 2013: ''Mkpughe'': Nyocha Ọchịchị Onye kwuo uche ya, Broad Art Museum, Mahadum Michigan State, East Lansing, MI
* 2012: ''Site'' ugbu a gaa n'ihu, na Forever Free, Haggerty Museum of Art, Mahadum Marquette, Milwaukee, WI
* 2012: N'okpuru mmetụta: The Comics, Lehman College Art Gallery, Bronx, NY
* 2012: The Female Gaze: Women Artists Making Their World, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, PA (katalog)
* 2011: The Air We Breathe, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (katalog)
* 2011: Painting Between the Lines, CCA Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts, San Francisco, CA (katalog)
* 2011: Akụkọ ndị pụrụ iche: Laylah Ali na Abigail Lazkoz, Sala Parpallo, Valencia, Spain (katalog)
* 2011: Vivid: Nchịkọta Ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe, Schroeder Romero &amp; Shredder, New York, NY
* 2010: Ọrụ na akwụkwọ site na nchịkọta MCA. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago;
* 2010: ''Nchịkọta'': Reflections on the Permanent Collection, The Studio Museum na Harlem, New York, NY
* 2009: Off the Beaten Path: Ime ihe ike, ụmụ nwanyị na nka, Ọrụ nka maka mgbanwe na Stenersenmuseet, Oslo, Norway (2009); Ụlọ ngosi nka nke Mahadum, Mahadum California, San Diego, CA (2009-2010); Centro Cultural Tijuana, Mexico (2010); Museo Universitario del Chopo, [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] (2010)); Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, IL (2010); Global Health Odyssey Museum, Centers for Disease and Prevention Cultural, Atlanta, GA (2011) Paper Trail: A Decade of Acquisitions from Walker Art Center, Fig Careing Park, MA Center, Massachusetts Center, Makers, Mak Mak Mak Makers, Mahad, Mak Mak, Mak Makers: Mak Mak Mak, Mahad Min Min Min Min, Mak Maker, Mak Maktern, Mak Mak: Mak Mak, Nak, Mak Mak
* 2008: Laylah Ali: Ihe edeturu / Ihe osise / Nsogbu Na-enweghị Isi, DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum: August 30, 2008 - January 4, 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Laylah Ali: note drawings|author=Ali|first=Laylah|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Decordova Museum and Sculpture Park|isbn=9780945506591|location=[Lincoln, MA?]|oclc=286493089|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: Beyond Drawing: Constructed Realities, Ohio University Art Gallery, Athens Fantastical Imaginings, Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts, Wilmington gara Julio Fine Arts Gallery, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore (2009); Political Circus, Florida Atlantic University, Ritter Art Gallery, Boca Raton; On the Margins, Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (katalog); Disguised, Newwand Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland; Out of Shape, The Frances Lehman Loeb, The York College Poughassar (catalogue)
* 2008: Taking Possession, Mahadum nke Arkansas na Little Rock Perverted site na Theater, Apex Art, New York, NY; Pandora's Box, Dunlop Art Gallery, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (katalog)
* 2008: U-turn Quadrennial for Contemporary Art, Copenhagen, Denmark (katalog)
* 2008: Ihe odide / Ozi: Akwụkwọ site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis
* 2007: ''isusu ọnụ na ndị agha ndị ọzọ''. Institute of International Visual Arts, London;
* 2006: Alien Nation, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London gara Manchester Art Gallery, Manchester, England; Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich, England (katalog) Cult Fiction, Hayward Gallery, London, England (catalog)
* 2006: Ndị ibe ha: Ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a na mmetụta ha, Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art, Virginia Beach, VA (katalọ) Running Around the Pool, Florida State University Museum of Fine Arts, Tallahassee. FL (katalog) XXS, Sommer Contemporary Art Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel American Matrix, Harn Museum of Art, Mahadum Florida, Gainesville, FL Black Alphabet, Zacheta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw, Poland (katalogue) Inwe Anya Ọhụrụ, Aspen Art Museum, Aspen, CO
* 2005: The Body. The Ruin, Ian Potter Museum of Art, Mahadum Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (katalog) Cut, Susanne Vielmetter Los Angeles Projects, Los Angeles, CA Vivi-Section: Dibujo Contemporaneo, Museo de Arte Carillo Gil, Mexico City, Mexico
* 2004: Whitney Biennial 2004, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (katalọgụ) Ihe akaebe, Museum of Contemporary Art, Cleveland, OH (katalógụgụ) Iwu 10, KW Institute for Contemporary Art (Berlin, Germany)
* 2004: Laylah Ali: Ụdị. Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A St. Louis;
* 2003: Crosscurrents na Century End: Nhọrọ sitere na Neuberger Berman Art Collection, Henry Art Gallery, Seattle, WA Xia gara Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, FL; Tampa Museum of Art.
* 2003: ''Fault Lines'': Contemporary African Art and Shifting Landscapes, Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy (katalog)
* 2003: m &amp; more, Kunstmuseum Luzern, [[Switzerland]] (katalog)
* 2003: ''Splat Boom Pow''! ''Mmetụta nke ihe osise na'' nka nke oge a, Museum of Contemporary Arts, Houston, TXiao gara Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA; Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, OH (katalog)
* 2002: Ọrụ 75: Laylah Ali. Museum of Modern Art, New York;
* 2002: ''Nkwurịta'' okwu maka Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ, Mahadum Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania gara Contemporary Arts Center, New Orleans, LA; Mahadum North Texas Gallery, Denton; Mahaduma Western Washington, Bellingham (katalog) Fantasyland, DāAmelio Terras, New York, NY Onye Mbụ Otu, Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA Painting na Boston, DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum, MA Lincoln
* 2001: ''Laylah Ali''. Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston;
* 2001: Against the Wall: Painting Against the Grid, Surface, Frame, Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, PA Freestyle, The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY (katalog)
* 2001: FRESH: The ''Altoids'' Curiously Strong Collection 1998-2000, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, NY Guarene Arte 2001, Palazzo Re Rebaudengo, Turin, Italy
* 2001: A Work in Progress: Nhọrọ sitere na New Museum Collection, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, NY
* 2000: Art on Paper 2000, Weatherspoon Art Museum, Mahadum nke North Carolina, Greensboro, NC
* 1999: Bizarro World! The Parallel Universes of Comics and Fine Art, Cornell Fine Arts Museum, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL Collectors Collect Contemporary, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA 1999 DeCordova Annual Exhibition, DeCordov Sculpture Park and Museum, Lincoln, MA (katalog)
* 1999: ''Enweghị Ebe Kama Ebe Ebe A'', 303 Gallery, New York, NY
* 1998: Paradise 8, Exit Art, New York, NY Posing, Boston Center for the Arts, Boston, MA Selections Summer 1998, The Drawing Center, New York. NY Telling Tales, Atrium Gallery, Mahadum Connecticut, Storrs, CT

== Onyinye ==
E nyela Ali ọtụtụ onyinye, ebe obibi na onyinye, gụnyere Joan Mitchell Foundation Painters and Sculptors Grant na 2008, Joan Mitchell Foundation Residency na 2018, na United States Artists Residency.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://joanmitchellfoundation.org/artist-programs/artist-grants/painter-sculptors|title=Joan Mitchell Foundation » Artist Programs » Artist Grants|author=Foundation|first=Joan Mitchell|work=joanmitchellfoundation.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/joan-mitchell-foundation-names-artists-for-its-2018-residency-program-74181|title=Joan Mitchell Foundation Names Artists for Its 2018 Residency Program|work=www.artforum.com|accessdate=2018-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.culturetype.com/2017/01/30/united-states-artists-taps-baltimore-based-deana-haggag-as-president-and-ceo/|title=United States Artists Taps Baltimore-based Deana Haggag as President and CEO {{!}} Culture Type|work=www.culturetype.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==
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'''Laylah Ali''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1968) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke oge a maara maka ihe osise nke a na-egosipụta mmekọrịta agbụrụ na-edoghị anya na usoro eserese eserese.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cotter|first=Holland|title=ART IN REVIEW; Laylah Ali|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/30/arts/art-in-review-laylah-ali.html|accessdate=17 March 2015|work=The New York Times|date=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Ali bu n'obi ịbụ onye ọka iwu ma ọ bụ dọkịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/today/2010/laylah-ali-on-greenheads-violence-in-art-and-more/|title=Laylah Ali on Greenheads, Violence in Art, and More|work=BU Today|accessdate=2016-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ali nwetara B.A. (English and Studio Art) na Williams College, Williamstown, MA na 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali|title=Paul Kasmin Gallery - Laylah Ali|work=paulkasmingallery.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-03|archivedate=2018-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055011/http://www.paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na [http://whitney.org/Collection/Research/ISP Whitney Independent Study Program] na Whitney Museum of American Art, [[New York City]] na 1992, wee mechaa ebe obibi na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Skowhegen, ME na 1993. Ali nwetara M.F.A. ya na 1994 na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis, MO. Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Williamstown, Massachusetts, ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ ugbu a na Williams College.&lt;ref name=&quot;cornell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laylah Ali: The Greenheads Series|url=http://museum.cornell.edu/exhibitions/laylah-ali-the-greenheads-series.html|work=museum.cornell.edu|publisher=Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University|accessdate=17 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ọrụ Ali mbụ, ọ ga-ese ma ọ bụ see ìhè ímé ihe ike. O lekwasịrị anya n'omume karịa ime ìhè ike n'onwe ya. N'ọrụ ya ugbu a, ọ naghị elekwasị anya n'omume ahụ; ọ na-elebara ìhè na-eme tụpụ na mgbe ọ gasịrị anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Art 21: art in the 21st century 3|author=Sollins|first=Susan|year=2005|isbn=081095916X|location=Purchase College|pages=[https://archive.org/details/art21artintwenty0000soll/page/28 28]|url=https://archive.org/details/art21artintwenty0000soll/page/28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ndị ahụ bụ obere ìhè osise gouache na ihe osise na akwụkwọ. A maara yá ka ọ na-akwadebe ọtụtụ ọnwa, na-eme atụmatụ ihe ọ bụla kà ọ ghara inwe ohere màkà mmejọ. Ọrụ Ali dabeere ná ahụmịhe ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na mmadụ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ikwu, ọ na-ekwu na ọrụ ya niile nwere ihe ọ pụtara nakwa ná ihe dị n'uche ya karịrị aka ya na akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ART21&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laylah Ali|url=https://art21.org/artist/laylah-ali/|work=Art21.org|accessdate=18 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806191608/https://art21.org/artist/laylah-ali/|archivedate=6 August 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banyere ọdịdị arụmọrụ nkè ọrụ ya, Ali na-ekwu, &quot;Ihe osise ahụ nwere ike ịdị ka usoro ma ọ bụ setịpụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na egwuregwu. Echere m na ha dịka ndị mmadụ na ndị mmadụ. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.juxtapoz.com/news/magazine/laylah-ali-bodies-in-notion/|title=Juxtapoz Magazine - Laylah Ali: Bodies in Notion|work=www.juxtapoz.com|accessdate=2016-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Usoro Greenheads ===
Isiokwu nke ihe osise gouache a ma ama nke Ali bụ ihe odide ''Greenheads'' e mere iji belata ma ọ bụ wepụ ọdịiche dị iche iche nke okike, ogo, afọ, na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ agbụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;Ali, Laylah. &quot;Interview.&quot; ''Laylah Ali. ''By Rebecca Walker. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ali mepụtara ihe karịrị 80 n'ime ihe osise ndị a n'agbata afọ 1996 na 2005. Ali wepụtara ihe oyiyi na isiokwu sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ, dị ka ihe oyiyi nke ihe ịrịba ama ngagharị iwe ma ọ bụ ndị isi ụwa na-amakụ, mànà ọ gbanwere akụkọ iji mepụta ihe dị ányá na ihe ọhụrụ. Ali mepụtara ihe odide na ihe oyiyi ka ha bụrụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ma bụrụ ndị na-edoghị anya. Ha nwèrè ìhè ọ pụtara site n'aka Ali n'onwe ya mànà onye na-ekiri ya na-eweta ihe odide nkè ha iji kọwaa onyinyo ahụ. Ali mèrè ihe odide ka ha yie mmadụ ma ọ bụghị mmadụ ka e wéé wepụ ha n'ụwa anyị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ha nwèrè ihe ọ pụtara na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ha dị n'èzí ụwa anyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Laylah Ali, the Greenheads series: [accompanies the exhibition &quot;Laylah Ali: the Greenheads series&quot; presented at Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, Massachusetts, August 18 - November 25, 2012; Weisman Art Museum, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, March 2 - June 30, 2013; Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, September 7 - December 22, 2013|author=Ali|first=Laylah|date=2012|publisher=s.n.|isbn=9780913697306|location=S.l.|oclc=843494121|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe na-adịghị mma ===
Kemgbe afọ 2015, Ali anọwo na-arụ ọrụ n'usoro ihe osise ọ na-akpọ Acephalous, na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ na-akọwa dị ka onye maara okike, nwere ike inwe mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere àgwà agbụrụ na ụfọdụ n'etiti ha enweghị isi. &quot;Ha nọ na njem na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, nke kpebisiri ike, njem nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ&quot;, ka ọ na-ekwu. &quot;Ọ nwere akụkụ nke ịkwaga n'ike. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

=== Nkwekọrịta ===
Laylah Ali esorowo onye na-agba egwú / onye na-eme ihe nkiri Dean Moss na The Kitchen na 2005 na Figures on a Field na 2014 na ''johnbrown''.&lt;ref name=&quot;BU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/today/2010/laylah-ali-on-greenheads-violence-in-art-and-more/|title=Laylah Ali on Greenheads, Violence in Art, and More|date=4 November 2010|publisher=Boston University|author=Cornuelle, Kimberly|accessdate=17 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2002, Museum of Modern Art, New York, nyere Ali ọrụ ịmepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ na-enweghị okwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.believermag.com/issues/200512/?read=interview_ali|title=The Believer - Interview with Laylah Ali|date=2005-12-01|work=The Believer|accessdate=2017-03-11|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020 n'oge ọrịa a, a na-atụ anya na Ali ga-arụcha ọrụ ya na Tamarind Press na [[Nú Mézíkọ|New Mexico]]. Usoro nchekwa nke COVID-19 chọrọ ka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-ese ihe gbanwee mmekọrịta ọrụ ha gaa na nke mebere emepe. Kama ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ha, ha rụrụ ọrụ iji jiri ozi ahụ zipụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tamarind Institute open to visitors online|url=http://news.unm.edu/news/tamarind-institute-open-to-visitors-online|accessdate=2022-04-03|work=UNM Newsroom|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nchịkọta ==
A na-etinye ọrụ Alias na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, gụnyere Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY; Museum of Contemporary Art, [[Chicago]] na Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali|title=Paul Kasmin Gallery - Laylah Ali|work=paulkasmingallery.com|accessdate=2016-03-05|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305135817/http://www.paulkasmingallery.com/artist/laylah-ali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Ihe ngosi onwe onye na nke otu ===
Laylah Ali gosipụtara na Venice Biennial (2003) na Whitney Biennial (2007)&lt;ref name=&quot;ART21&quot;/&gt; Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị a:

* 2017: Laylah Ali: Ihe osise na Ihe osise, Hallwalls Contemporary Arts Center, Buffalo, NY, Nọvemba 10, 2017 Disemba 22, 2017
* 2015-2016: Mahadum nke [[Michigan]] Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ọktoba 17, 2015 na Jenụwarị 31, 2016
* 2015-2016: ASSISTED, Kavi Gupta Gallery, Chicago, IL, September 12, 2015 na Jenụwarị 16, 2016
* 2015: Blanton Museum of Art, Mahadum [[Texas]] na Austin, Austin, Texas, Febụwarị 17 na Mee 15, 2016
* 2015: ''Bịa dị ka ị bụ'': Art nke afọ 1990, Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, New Jersey, February 8 May 17
* 2015: Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, GA, June 12 September 20
* 2015: The Acephalous Series, PAUL KASMIN GALLERY, New York
* 2014: ''Akụkọ onwe onye'', Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington, July 5 May 3, 2014 Up Every Evening, Season gallery, Seattle, Вашингтон, oge opupu ihe ubi
* 2013: Laylah Ali: The Greenheads Series. Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art na Mahadum Cornell, NY.
* 2013: Laylah Ali: The Greenheads Series. Weisman Art Museum na Mahadum Minnesota;
* 2013: The Shadows Took Shape, Studio Museum na Harlem, New York, NY (katalog)
* 2013: Akụkọ ihe mere eme na-edoghị anya: Ihe osise ahọpụtara site na Portfolios nke Exit Art, Art, Design, na Architecture Museum, Mahadum Santa Barbara, CA
* 2013: ''Laylah Ali'' &amp; Gerald Cyrus, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] College of Art and Design Gallery, Lancaster, PA Direct Democracy, Monash University Museum of Art, Melbourne, Australia (katalog)
* 2013: Painting Between the Lines, Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, MA (katalog)
* 2013: ''Mkpughe'': Nyocha Ọchịchị Onye kwuo uche ya, Broad Art Museum, Mahadum Michigan State, East Lansing, MI
* 2012: ''Site'' ugbu a gaa n'ihu, na Forever Free, Haggerty Museum of Art, Mahadum Marquette, Milwaukee, WI
* 2012: N'okpuru mmetụta: The Comics, Lehman College Art Gallery, Bronx, NY
* 2012: The Female Gaze: Women Artists Making Their World, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, PA (katalog)
* 2011: The Air We Breathe, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (katalog)
* 2011: Painting Between the Lines, CCA Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts, San Francisco, CA (katalog)
* 2011: Akụkọ ndị pụrụ iche: Laylah Ali na Abigail Lazkoz, Sala Parpallo, Valencia, Spain (katalog)
* 2011: Vivid: Nchịkọta Ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe, Schroeder Romero &amp; Shredder, New York, NY
* 2010: Ọrụ na akwụkwọ site na nchịkọta MCA. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago;
* 2010: ''Nchịkọta'': Reflections on the Permanent Collection, The Studio Museum na Harlem, New York, NY
* 2009: Off the Beaten Path: Ime ihe ike, ụmụ nwanyị na nka, Ọrụ nka maka mgbanwe na Stenersenmuseet, Oslo, Norway (2009); Ụlọ ngosi nka nke Mahadum, Mahadum California, San Diego, CA (2009-2010); Centro Cultural Tijuana, Mexico (2010); Museo Universitario del Chopo, [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] (2010)); Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, IL (2010); Global Health Odyssey Museum, Centers for Disease and Prevention Cultural, Atlanta, GA (2011) Paper Trail: A Decade of Acquisitions from Walker Art Center, Fig Careing Park, MA Center, Massachusetts Center, Makers, Mak Mak Mak Makers, Mahad, Mak Mak, Mak Makers: Mak Mak Mak, Mahad Min Min Min Min, Mak Maker, Mak Maktern, Mak Mak: Mak Mak, Nak, Mak Mak
* 2008: Laylah Ali: Ihe edeturu / Ihe osise / Nsogbu Na-enweghị Isi, DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum: August 30, 2008 - January 4, 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Laylah Ali: note drawings|author=Ali|first=Laylah|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Decordova Museum and Sculpture Park|isbn=9780945506591|location=[Lincoln, MA?]|oclc=286493089|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: Beyond Drawing: Constructed Realities, Ohio University Art Gallery, Athens Fantastical Imaginings, Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts, Wilmington gara Julio Fine Arts Gallery, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore (2009); Political Circus, Florida Atlantic University, Ritter Art Gallery, Boca Raton; On the Margins, Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (katalog); Disguised, Newwand Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland; Out of Shape, The Frances Lehman Loeb, The York College Poughassar (catalogue)
* 2008: Taking Possession, Mahadum nke Arkansas na Little Rock Perverted site na Theater, Apex Art, New York, NY; Pandora's Box, Dunlop Art Gallery, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (katalog)
* 2008: U-turn Quadrennial for Contemporary Art, Copenhagen, Denmark (katalog)
* 2008: Ihe odide / Ozi: Akwụkwọ site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis
* 2007: ''isusu ọnụ na ndị agha ndị ọzọ''. Institute of International Visual Arts, London;
* 2006: Alien Nation, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London gara Manchester Art Gallery, Manchester, England; Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich, England (katalog) Cult Fiction, Hayward Gallery, London, England (catalog)
* 2006: Ndị ibe ha: Ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a na mmetụta ha, Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art, Virginia Beach, VA (katalọ) Running Around the Pool, Florida State University Museum of Fine Arts, Tallahassee. FL (katalog) XXS, Sommer Contemporary Art Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel American Matrix, Harn Museum of Art, Mahadum Florida, Gainesville, FL Black Alphabet, Zacheta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw, Poland (katalogue) Inwe Anya Ọhụrụ, Aspen Art Museum, Aspen, CO
* 2005: The Body. The Ruin, Ian Potter Museum of Art, Mahadum Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (katalog) Cut, Susanne Vielmetter Los Angeles Projects, Los Angeles, CA Vivi-Section: Dibujo Contemporaneo, Museo de Arte Carillo Gil, Mexico City, Mexico
* 2004: Whitney Biennial 2004, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (katalọgụ) Ihe akaebe, Museum of Contemporary Art, Cleveland, OH (katalógụgụ) Iwu 10, KW Institute for Contemporary Art (Berlin, Germany)
* 2004: Laylah Ali: Ụdị. Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A St. Louis;
* 2003: Crosscurrents na Century End: Nhọrọ sitere na Neuberger Berman Art Collection, Henry Art Gallery, Seattle, WA Xia gara Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, FL; Tampa Museum of Art.
* 2003: ''Fault Lines'': Contemporary African Art and Shifting Landscapes, Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy (katalog)
* 2003: m &amp; more, Kunstmuseum Luzern, [[Switzerland]] (katalog)
* 2003: ''Splat Boom Pow''! ''Mmetụta nke ihe osise na'' nka nke oge a, Museum of Contemporary Arts, Houston, TXiao gara Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA; Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, OH (katalog)
* 2002: Ọrụ 75: Laylah Ali. Museum of Modern Art, New York;
* 2002: ''Nkwurịta'' okwu maka Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ, Mahadum Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania gara Contemporary Arts Center, New Orleans, LA; Mahadum North Texas Gallery, Denton; Mahaduma Western Washington, Bellingham (katalog) Fantasyland, DāAmelio Terras, New York, NY Onye Mbụ Otu, Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA Painting na Boston, DeCordova Sculpture Park and Museum, MA Lincoln
* 2001: ''Laylah Ali''. Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston;
* 2001: Against the Wall: Painting Against the Grid, Surface, Frame, Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, PA Freestyle, The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY (katalog)
* 2001: FRESH: The ''Altoids'' Curiously Strong Collection 1998-2000, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, NY Guarene Arte 2001, Palazzo Re Rebaudengo, Turin, Italy
* 2001: A Work in Progress: Nhọrọ sitere na New Museum Collection, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, NY
* 2000: Art on Paper 2000, Weatherspoon Art Museum, Mahadum nke North Carolina, Greensboro, NC
* 1999: Bizarro World! The Parallel Universes of Comics and Fine Art, Cornell Fine Arts Museum, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL Collectors Collect Contemporary, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA 1999 DeCordova Annual Exhibition, DeCordov Sculpture Park and Museum, Lincoln, MA (katalog)
* 1999: ''Enweghị Ebe Kama Ebe Ebe A'', 303 Gallery, New York, NY
* 1998: Paradise 8, Exit Art, New York, NY Posing, Boston Center for the Arts, Boston, MA Selections Summer 1998, The Drawing Center, New York. NY Telling Tales, Atrium Gallery, Mahadum Connecticut, Storrs, CT

== Onyinye ==
E nyela Ali ọtụtụ onyinye, ebe obibi na onyinye, gụnyere Joan Mitchell Foundation Painters and Sculptors Grant na 2008, Joan Mitchell Foundation Residency na 2018, na United States Artists Residency.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://joanmitchellfoundation.org/artist-programs/artist-grants/painter-sculptors|title=Joan Mitchell Foundation » Artist Programs » Artist Grants|author=Foundation|first=Joan Mitchell|work=joanmitchellfoundation.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/joan-mitchell-foundation-names-artists-for-its-2018-residency-program-74181|title=Joan Mitchell Foundation Names Artists for Its 2018 Residency Program|work=www.artforum.com|accessdate=2018-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.culturetype.com/2017/01/30/united-states-artists-taps-baltimore-based-deana-haggag-as-president-and-ceo/|title=United States Artists Taps Baltimore-based Deana Haggag as President and CEO {{!}} Culture Type|work=www.culturetype.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndị Efik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18746</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637782</id>
      <parentid>87837</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T23:14:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbulukani Mulenga</username>
        <id>60087</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mbulukani Mulenga moved page [[Efik people]] to [[Ndị Efik]]: Page was title was not in Igbo (Aha ibe ahụ abụghị n'asụsụ Igbo)</comment>
      <origin>87837</origin>
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{{Infobox Ndi mbà|group=Efik|image=Nigeria,_efik,_cimiero_a_doppia_faccia,_1900-15_ca.jpg|population=725,600&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;[http://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11717 Joshua Project – Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;|popplace=[[Nigeria]], [[Cameroon]]|regions=|region1={{NGR}}|pop1=704,000|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Efik in Nigeria|website=Joshua Project|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11717/NI|language=en|access-date=November 13, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region2={{CMR}}|pop2=17,000|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Efik in Cameroon|website=Joshua Project|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11717/CM|language=en|access-date=November 13, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region3={{USA}}|pop3=4,600|ref3=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Efik in USA|website=Joshua Project|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11717/US|language=en|access-date=November 13, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|langs=[[Efik language|Efik]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]]|rels=[[Christianity]], [[Efik mythology|Efik religion]]|related-c=[[Ibibio people|Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Akamkpa]], [[Eket people|Eket]], [[Ekoi people|Ejagham]] (or [[Ekoi people|Ekoi]]), [[Igbo people|Igbo]], [[Bahumono]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Biase]], [[Uruan]], [[Sierra Leone Creole people|Krio]] and [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]]}}
[[Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters|IREfik people]]
Ndị Efik bụ agbụrụ dị na ndịda [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], na ọdịda anyanwụ Cameroon. N'ime Naijiria, enwere ike ịchọta Efik na [[Ȯra Cross River|steeti Cross River]] na [[Ȯra Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]] nke oge a. Ndị Efik na-asụ asụsụ Efik nke so n'ezinụlọ Benueo Congo nke otu asụsụ Niger-Congo.&lt;ref&gt;[[Efik people#refFaraclas1986|Faraclas]], p.41&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Efik na-akpọ onwe ha Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu na Iboku.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refSimmons1958|Simmons]], p.11&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Efik people#refAmakuVol21953|Amaku]], p.2&lt;/ref&gt;

Aha Efik pụtara na mbụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refSimmons1958|Simmons]], p.11&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kachasị ewu ewu banyere mbata Efik na-agba akaebe maka mmegharị site na Ibom na [[Arochukwu]] gaa Uruan na site na Uruan gaa n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi n'akụkụ osimiri Cross dị ala.&lt;ref&gt;[[Efik people#refSimmons1958|Simmons]], p.466&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ Efik na [[Calabar]]. Tupu 1905, Calabar  ochie bụ okwu eji akọwa ebe obibi Efik nke Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo na Mbiabo (nke mejupụtara Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong na Mbiabe Ikoneto).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto14&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refCotton1905|Cotton]], p.302&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọkwa ndị Efik &quot;ndị Calabar&quot; n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;ndị Calabar&quot; bụ ihe a ma ama tupu narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ma bụrụkwa otu ihe na Efik.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;

Ndị Efik nwere agbụrụ dị iche iche nke a na-akpọbu &quot;Esien Efik itiaba&quot; ( ) ma mesịa mara na narị afọ nke 21 dị ka &quot;Esien Efik Duopeba&quot; ( ). Ezinụlọ asaa ndị mbụ gbasasịrị n'etiti steeti Cross River na steeti Akwa Ibom ma mejupụtara Iboku (obodo Duke, obodo Henshaw, obodo Creek na obodo Cobham), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang , Usukakpa na Abayen. Ezinụlọ atọ ikpeazụ a ebelatala n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ekwenyere na ọtụtụ ndị otu ha abanyela n'agbụrụ Efik ndị ọzọ. Ibonda (otu ebo Efut) ka etinyere ya na Adiabo mgbe ụfọdụ dịka otu n'ime ezinụlọ Efik asaa. Ọtụtụ ndị Enwang na Usukakpa dị na steeti Akwa Ibom dị ugbu a. . 

Ndị Efik nke oge a bụ ndị na-agbaze ndị mmadụ si n'ebe dị iche iche. N'ihi ịrị elu nke Calabar dị ka ebe azụmahịa kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ebe obibi Efik nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị Sierra Leone, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans na ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ. A ka na-ewere ụmụ nke nne Efik dị ka Efik ma nye aka na mmepe nke ọha mmadụ Efik. N'ihi oke mgbanwe ọdịbendị, a na-ewere ọtụtụ agbụrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka otu n'ime ndị Efik dịka Kiong na Efut.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refFordeJones1957|Forde and Jones]], p.90&lt;/ref&gt;

Aha &quot;Efik&quot; na-asụgharị ka ọ bụrụ &quot;Ndị &quot; ma sitere na ngwaa Efik-Ibibio &quot;Fik&quot; (English: Oppress). A na-ede mkpụrụedemede mbụ nke okwu ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka &quot;N'ihi&quot; ma na-egosi ọtụtụ.  E kwupụtara ọtụtụ echiche banyere mmalite nke okwu ahụ. Otu echiche nke Okon na Nkpanam Ekereke gosipụtara na-ekwusi ike na okwu &quot;Efuk&quot; bụ okwu nnupụisi na okwu nke nwoke Ibibio ji mee ihe mgbe ọ na-ewe iwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refEkereke1957|Ekereke and Ekereke]], p.47&lt;/ref&gt; Ekereke na Ekereke gara n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na e mechara gbanwee okwu ahụ ka ọ bụrụ &quot;Efik&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot; /&gt; Echiche a yiri ka ọ dịpụrụ adịpụ dịka ndị edemede Ibibio ndị ọzọ anaghị akọ na ndị Ibibio jiri okwu ndị dị otú ahụ mee ihe. Echiche ọzọ nke Forde na Jones kọrọ na aha &quot;Efik&quot; na-asụgharị &quot;Tyrants&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Onye na-emegbu&quot; ma bụrụ aha nke ndị Efik kpọrọ onwe ha mgbe ha biri n'obodo Creek.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refFordeJones1957|Forde and Jones]], p.90&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:King-duke.jpg|thumb|Eze Duke nke Calabar, 1895.]]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Efik bụ otu n'ime ndị edere na mpaghara Sahara Africa. N'ihi ọrụ ha rụrụ n'oge azụmahịa triangular, ọganihu ha n'akwụkwọ na nka, enwere ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ na ndị mmadụ. E nwere ọtụtụ echiche banyere mmalite nke ndị Efik. Echiche atọ kachasị ewu ewu gụnyere mmalite Igbo, mmalite Ibibio na mmalite Palestine.

Mgbe ha hapụrụ obodo Uruan, ndị Efik kwagara Ikpa Ene nke a na-akpọ Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). Ikpa Ene bụ agwaetiti na-amaghị nwoke n'akụkụ osimiri Cross. E kwenyere na a na-akpọ agwaetiti ahụ aha onye ọkụ azụ si Mbiabo nke a maara dị ka Ene Ankot.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot; /&gt; Dị ka Aye si kwuo, &quot;Ikpa Ene enweghị ike iburu ọtụtụ ndị Iboku, Ndodoghi ga-anabata ihe a wụwara, na ebe obibi abụọ ahụ, ka nọ n'okpuru otu ọchịchị, kewara site na alaka aka ekpe nke osimiri ahụ nke ghọrọ &quot;oké osimiri dị n'ime&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refAye2000|Aye]], The Efik people, p.27&lt;/ref&gt;
Mgbe ndị Efik biri na Ikpa Ene, otu ndị ikom si Uruan rutere Ikpa Ene.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refHart1964|Hart]], p.30&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ikom ahụ na-ede mmiri ma na-eme mkpesa banyere agụụ na ike ọgwụgwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot; /&gt; Ndị Efik nwere ọmịiko n'ebe ndị ikom a nọ nyere ha nri ma gosi ha ile ọbịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot; /&gt; N'abalị mgbe onye ọ bụla laghachiri ụra, ndị ikom si Uruan biliri wee malite igbu ndị ọbịa ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ndị Efik ghọtara ihe na-eme, ha biliri ọtọ ma lụso ọgụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Otu onye mwakpo e jidere kwupụtara na ha ga-eweghachi ihe nnọchianya eze nke ha kwenyere na ndị Efik ji ha kpọrọ mgbe ha hapụrụ Uruan.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Ihe ndị e kwenyere na e weere gụnyere Ikpaya (uwe raffia), Akata (ocheeze) na Ayang (Broom).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto13&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refHart1964|Hart]], p.31&lt;/ref&gt; Oku na-agba akaebe na ọ bụ mwakpo a wakporo Efik mere ka ha kpebie ịhapụ Ikpa Ene ka ha ghọtara na ha ka dị nso na ndị iro ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot; /&gt; Aye na-ekwu na ndị Efik enweghị ike iwere ihe nnọchianya eze nke ndị Uruan dịka ha gaara enwe ihe nnọchi anya eze nke ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; A kwenyere na mwakpo Uruan na Ikpa Ene bụ mmalite nke Efik na-ekwu, &quot;Ama okut Ibibio, ku nọ enye ikañ, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot&quot;(((( owoEnglish: ( iji kpoo onwe ya), mgbe ọ kpọrọ nkụ ọ ga-egbu gị).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refAye2000|Aye]], The Efik people, p.28&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Efik hapụrụ Ndodoghi, usoro ihe ọjọọ mere.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refAye2000|Aye]], The Efik people, p.29&lt;/ref&gt; Onye Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua kwughachiri na ballad ya nke 1910 na &quot;Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop na-apụ&quot;. (Ọtụtụ Ọnwụ na ndagwurugwu Ndodoghi, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Eze-onye ụkọchukwu, kpuru ìsì n'ọnwụ).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refSouvenir1990|Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks]], p.26&lt;/ref&gt; Na Ndodoghi, onye ụkọchukwu Efik bụ Ema Atai Ema Atai nwụrụ ma nwa ya nwoke Eyo Ema Atai Ama Atai Iboku nọchiri ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot; /&gt; Ekwenyere na ọ bụ na Ndodoghi ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ Abayen nwụrụ site na mwakpo agụ iyi. Talbot na-ekwusi ike na nnukwu osisi owuwe ihe ubi adaala n'ọtụtụ ndị Abayen na mpako ọnụ ọgụgụ ha, ha kwenyere na ha nwere ike ijide osisi owuwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refTalbot1923|Talbot]], Life in Southern Nigeria, p.159&lt;/ref&gt; Nsonaazụ nke ọdịda osisi ahụ dugara n'ọtụtụ ọnwụ n'ezinụlọ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;
N'ihi ọnụọgụ nke ihe ọjọọ mere na Ikpa Ene na Ndodoghi, ndị Efik chọrọ ịhapụ agwaetiti ndị a. A na-ekwu na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ atọ si Ndodoghi. Otu akụkọ na-akọ na ndị otu Mbiabo bu ụzọ gaa ebe ha nọ ugbu a mgbe Iboku, Enwang na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ ka nọ na Ndodoghi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto14&quot;&gt;[[Efik people#refCotton1905|Cotton]], p.302&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot; /&gt;  E kwenyere na ndị otu Adiabo hapụrụ ebe ha nọ ugbu a mgbe ọpụpụ Mbiabo gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto14&quot; /&gt; Ìgwè kasị ukwuu si Ndodoghi kwaga n'obodo Creek nke onye ụkọchukwu Eyo Ema Atai du.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mesfouf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637804</id>
      <parentid>451623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T00:53:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Goodymaraj</username>
        <id>21567</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>637804</origin>
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[[Faịlụ:مسفوف_تونسي_بالرمان_والزبيب.jpg|thumb|Mesfouf]]
Mesfouf, ma ọ bụ '''''masfouf''''' (Arabic: مسفوف) bụ nri [[Algeria]] na [[Tunisia]] nke bụ ụdị couscous nke nwere [[semolina]] na bọta ma ọ bụ mmanụ oliv.

Nri a na-ewu ewu na Maghreb. Ọ bụ omenala iri ''mesfouf'' n'oge ọnwa dị nsọ nke Ramadan. A na-enye ya n'mmemme ọdịnala ma ọ bụ nri ezinụlọ.

== Ntụziaka obodo ==
Na Algeria, a na-eri ya dị ka nri bụ isi e ji ahịhịa na agwa sie nke ọma . Dị ka ha si kwuo, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya na whey ma ọ bụ yogọt iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịgbari nri n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị mfe karịa couscous.
[[Usòrò:Algerian_Masfouf.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Algerian_Masfouf.jpg/220px-Algerian_Masfouf.jpg|thumb|Mesfouf nke Algeria]]
E nwere ọtụtụ usoro nri maka ''mesfouf'', dị ka nke na-atọ ụtọ na nke na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ nke nwere akwụkwọ nri na anụ. Banyere ndị ọzọ, ha chọrọ ka a na-ejikọta ya na ahịhịa na mkpụrụ vaịn a mịrị amị dịka ọ dị na Tunis. 
Ndị Sfaxians na-ahọrọ ya ka e jiri almond na ụbọchị chọọ ya mma na mkpụrụ osisi kpọrọ nkụ (pistachios, hazel nuts) na custard.&lt;ref&gt;International Inner Wheel Sfax, ''Nos recettes de tous les jours et jours de fêtes'', p. 169&lt;/ref&gt;
Ụfọdụ ndị na-amasịkwa ịwụsa mmiri ara ehi na ''mesfouf'' ma tinye shuga na ya iji mee ka ọ dị ụtọ, dị ka &quot;ọka&quot;, na ụfọdụ mkpụrụ vaịn kpọrọ nkụ na / ma ọ bụ ụbọchị.

Banyere ụdị Djerbian nke ''mesfouf'', ọ na-esi ísì ụtọ ma na-ejikarị ose na anụ kpọrọ nkụ na ahịhịa dị iche iche (galik, fennel, lavender)...)

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nri ndị dị n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa
* Ndepụta nri ndị Afrịka
*  Ebe nchọputa nri 

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>637819</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-15T01:01:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Goodymaraj</username>
        <id>21567</id>
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[[Faịlụ:مسفوف_تونسي_بالرمان_والزبيب.jpg|thumb|Mesfouf]]
Mesfouf, ma ọ bụ '''''masfouf''''' (Arabic: مسفوف) bụ nri [[Algeria]] na [[Tunisia]] nke bụ ụdị couscous nke nwere [[semolina]] na bọta ma ọ bụ mmanụ oliv.

Nri a na-ewu ewu na Maghreb. Ọ bụ omenala iri ''mesfouf'' n'oge ọnwa dị nsọ nke Ramadan. A na-enye ya n'mmemme ọdịnala ma ọ bụ nri ezinụlọ.

== Ntụziaka obodo ==
Na Algeria, a na-eri ya dị ka nri bụ isi e ji ahịhịa na agwa sie nke ọma . Dị ka ha si kwuo, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya na whey ma ọ bụ yogọt iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịgbari nri n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị mfe karịa ''couscous''.
[[Usòrò:Algerian_Masfouf.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Algerian_Masfouf.jpg/220px-Algerian_Masfouf.jpg|thumb|Mesfouf nke Algeria]]
E nwere ọtụtụ usoro nri maka ''mesfouf'', dị ka nke na-atọ ụtọ na nke na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ nke nwere akwụkwọ nri na anụ. Banyere ndị ọzọ, ha chọrọ ka a na-ejikọta ya na ahịhịa na mkpụrụ vaịn a mịrị amị dịka ọ dị na [[Tunisia|Tunis]]. 
Ndị Sfaxians na-ahọrọ ya ka e jiri almond na ụbọchị chọọ ya mma na mkpụrụ osisi kpọrọ nkụ (pistachios, hazel nuts) na custard.&lt;ref&gt;International Inner Wheel Sfax, ''Nos recettes de tous les jours et jours de fêtes'', p. 169&lt;/ref&gt;
Ụfọdụ ndị na-amasịkwa ịwụsa mmiri ara ehi na ''mesfouf'' ma tinye shuga na ya iji mee ka ọ dị ụtọ, dị ka &quot;ọka&quot;, na ụfọdụ mkpụrụ vaịn kpọrọ nkụ na / ma ọ bụ ụbọchị.

Banyere ụdị Djerbian nke ''mesfouf'', ọ na-esi ísì ụtọ ma na-ejikarị ose na anụ kpọrọ nkụ na ahịhịa dị iche iche (galik, fennel, lavender)...)

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nri ndị dị n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa
* Ndepụta nri ndị Afrịka
*  Ebe nchọputa nri 

== Ebensidee ==
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard plainlist&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;&quot;&gt;Busiswa&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Birth name&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |Busiswa Gqulu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Born
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1988-11-08&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;8 November 1988&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;33)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Mthatha]], Eastern Cape, South Africa
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Genres
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;hlist hlist-separated&quot;&gt;
* [[Kwaito]]
* [[Gqom]]
* [[Amapiano]]

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Occupation(s)
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;hlist hlist-separated&quot;&gt;
* Singer
* songwriter
* poet
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Instrument(s)
| class=&quot;infobox-data note&quot; |bozza
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Years active&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2008–present
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Labels
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;hlist hlist-separated&quot;&gt;
* [[Kalawa Jazmee Records]]
* [[Universal Records]]

&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div class=&quot;shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;{{Databox}}
Musical artist
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]]

'''Busiswa Gqulu''' ( bụ onye amụrụ na 8 Nọvemba 1988), nke a maara dị ka '''Busiswa''' ma ọ bụ Busi, bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu na South Africa. A mụrụ ya na Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa, ọ nwetara nkwado ọha na eze maka njirimara ya na egwu DJ Zinhle, &quot;My Name Is&quot;, mgbe onyeisi oche Kalawa Jazmee bụ Oskido chọpụtara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/pa-past-participants/58-pa-2010/811-busiswa-gqulu-south-africa|title=Busiswa Gqulu (South Africa) – Centre for Creative Arts|work=Cca.ukzn.ac.za|accessdate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527120705/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/pa-past-participants/58-pa-2010/811-busiswa-gqulu-south-africa|archivedate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;zalebs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zalebs.com/whats-hot/busiswa-gqulu-reflects-dark-times/|work=zalebs.com|title=Busiswa Gqulu reflects on dark times|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ya na DJ Zinhle rụkọchara ọrụ nke ọma, ọ wepụtara egwu egwu gụnyere; &quot;Ngoku&quot;, &quot;Lahla&quot;, ma gosipụta ya na egwu Bhizer, &quot;Gobisiqolo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n4p2pd|title=Gobisiqolo (feat. Busiswa, S.C Gorna &amp; Trigger Bhepepe) – Bhizer Song – BBC Music|publisher=BBC|accessdate=26 May 2018|archivedate=1 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701134412/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n4p2pd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 8 Disemba 2017, ''ọ'' wepụtara abọm izizi ya, Highly Flavoured, nke otu, &quot;Bazoyenza&quot; bu ụzọ. N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Gqulu enwetala ọtụtụ otuto. N'afọ 2014,  aha ya so ná ndị akpọrọ na Mail &amp; Guardian 200 Young South Africans .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/specialreport/200-young-south-africans|title=Special Report – 200 Young South Africans – Mail &amp; Guardian|work=Mail &amp; Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Busiswa Gqulu n'abalị nke asatọ nke ọnwa  Nọvemba 1988 na Mthatha, Eastern Cape.&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/move/20170301/282733406634418|work=pressreader.com|title=Press Reader|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ dị obere, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Durban n'ihi ọrụ nne na nna ya. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, Gqulu malitere inwe mmasị n'ide uri.&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader.com&quot; /&gt; &quot;A na-ede uri kemgbe afọ 2004 mgbe m nọ na Grade 11&quot;, ka ọ chetara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pambazuka.org/arts/south-africa-14th-poetry-africa-international-poetry-festival|title=South Africa: 14th Poetry Africa International Poetry Festival – Pambazuka News|work=Pambazuka.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere uri mbụ ya n'ememe olili ozu nne nne ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2016/01/23/choir-out-to-make-the-province-proud/|title=Choir out to make the province proud|work=Dispatchlive.co.za|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2017-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021050150/http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2016/01/23/choir-out-to-make-the-province-proud/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2005, ọ sonyeere otu Young Basadzi Women of Poetry.&lt;ref name=&quot;chronicle.co.zw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/madau-snub-busiswa-responds/|title=Madau snub: Busiswa responds – The Chronicle|work=Chronicle.co.zw}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nation.co.ke&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/buzz/ONEXTRA-Chikita-Busiswa-Gqulu/441236-3954130-c5fuhmz/index.html|title=ONEXTRA: Chikita Busiswa Gqulu|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-eme uri ya na mmemme ụlọ ọrụ, oge uri, ihe ngosi nkà, na ememme.&lt;ref name=&quot;poetrypotion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.poetrypotion.com/tag/busiswa-gqulu/|title=Busiswa Gqulu Archives|work=Poetry Potion|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/spotted-mpumalanga-comes-alive-festival/|title=Spotted: Mpumalanga comes alive festival|work=Zkhiphani.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kwadokwara ihe omume uri ya kwa ọnwa nke a na-akpọ &quot;1st Word Sessions&quot; na Bat Centre na Durban.&lt;ref name=&quot;literarytourism&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.literarytourism.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=595:tumelo-khoza&amp;catid=13:authors&amp;Itemid=28|work=literarytourism.co.za|title=Tumelo Khoza|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Gqulu dere uri ya mgbe ọ na-agbalị ịchọta ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sandton24.com/inside-busiswa-gqulus-baby-shower/|title=Inside Busiswa Gqulu's baby shower – Sandton24 Digital|date=28 November 2017|work=Sandton24.com|accessdate=30 August 2022|archivedate=29 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211442/https://sandton24.com/inside-busiswa-gqulus-baby-shower/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bgmpmedia.co.za/category/music/|title=Music – BGMP Media Group|work=bgmpmedia.co.za|accessdate=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ nka iji kụzie nka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://livemag.co.za/live-regulars/5-gqom-artists-you-need-to-know/|title=5 Gqom artists you need to know – Live Mag|date=10 October 2017|work=Livemag.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne na nna Gqulu kwadoro nhọrọ ọrụ ya n'ihi na ha enweghị ego iji kpọga ya na mahadum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-04-25-watch--busiswa-was-once-told-she-could-never-be-a-cover-girl/|title=WATCH – Busiswa was once told she could never be a 'cover girl'|work=Sunday Times (Johannesburg)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/show/our-perfect-wedding/busiswa/character|title=Busiswa|work=Mzansi Magic Official Website – Busiswa|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2021-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020190328/https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/show/our-perfect-wedding/busiswa/character}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== 2011 ruo 2012: Mmalite ọrụ ===
Mgbe ọ na-eme ihe nkiri na ọgụgụ uri, ọ zutere enyi ya nke mere ka ọ mata Sir Bubzin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.etv.co.za/news/2014/10/30/who-uhuru|title=Who is Uhuru? – e.tv|work=Etv.co.za|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2018-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211514/http://www.etv.co.za/news/2014/10/30/who-uhuru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sir Bubzin kpọrọ ya mgbe ọ na-emepụta egwu &quot;Syaphambana&quot;. Mgbe ahụ, ọ tụrụ aro ka ọ gosipụta ya na-eme uri ya na egwu ahụ. Gqulu na Sir Bubzin mechara bịanye aka na Kalawa Record site n'aka onye isi oche, Oskido, mgbe ọ nụrụ abụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2017/11/09/busiswa-celebrates-birthday-with-good-news/|title=Busiswa celebrates birthday with good news – SA Breaking News|date=9 November 2017|work=Sabreakingnews.co.za|accessdate=30 August 2022|archivedate=29 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629235931/https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2017/11/09/busiswa-celebrates-birthday-with-good-news/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara wepụta egwu ahụ na nchịkọta Kalawa Jazmee Dance nke mbụ na 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://vuzunews.com/kalawa-chikita-busiswa-reveals-shes-pregnant-photos/|title=Kalawa Chikita Busiswa Reveals She's Pregnant (Photos)|date=9 November 2017|work=Vuzunews.com|accessdate=30 August 2022|archivedate=30 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830134340/http://www.vuzunews.com/kalawa-chikita-busiswa-reveals-shes-pregnant-photos/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, Oskido kpọrọ Gqulu ka ọ dekọọ &quot;My Name Is Busiswa&quot; nke DJ Zintle mepụtara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.coke.co.za/cokestudio/profile/profile_busiswa/|title=Coke Studio Season 3 -Busiswa|work=Coke.co.za|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141354/https://www.coke.co.za/cokestudio/profile/profile_busiswa/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Njikọ ahụ mere ka Gqulu dee akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/dj-zinhle-on-coming-back-to-music-20170829|title=DJ Zinhle on coming back to music|work=Chaneel24.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe o dekọrọ egwu ahụ na 2011, ọ kwagara Johannesburg na ịbịanye aka na Kalawa Jazmee Records.
Abụ ahụ bụ ihe na-ewu ewu ma ọ nwetara nnukwu ikuku na ụlọ ọrụ redio South Africa kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ya. Gqulu nwetara egwu na ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere [[Zimbabwe]], [[Angola]], na [[Namibia]]. Egwú ahụ nwetara ndị a họpụtara na Channel O Africa Music Video Award gụnyere Most Gifted Dance Video na Video of the Year. Egwú ahụ nwetara nhọpụta ọzọ na South African Music Award maka Record of the Year.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/21062/3/full-list-of-winners-at-the-2012-channel-o-music-v.html|work=modernghana.com|title=Full list of winners at the 2012 Channel O Music Video Awards|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2013-2016: ''Ngoku'' na Clash of Choirs ===
A tọhapụrụ &quot;Ngoku&quot; na 11 Machị 2013 dị ka otu egwu na-abụghị album na iTunes. Egwú ahụ so vidiyo e wepụtara na YouTube.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0bMKd-19eB4|title=Busiswa &quot;Ngoku&quot; ft Oskido &amp; Uhuru|date=4 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Ngoku&quot; ghọrọ egwu egwu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Ụzọ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ikuku ma nwee ọganihu azụmahịa. Gqulu kwalitere egwu ahụ site n'ịrụ ya na ihe ngosi egwu e.tv Club808, ya na Oskido. Na 2014 Channel O Africa Music Video Award, abụ ahụ meriri Most Gifted Dance category ma ọ kụrụ egwu ahụ mgbe e mesịrị na mmemme onyinye ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/11/channel-o-africa-music-video-awards-performers-announced/|title=Channel O Africa Music Video Awards performers announced – NewsDay Zimbabwe|work=Newsday.co.zw|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2022-08-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830134342/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/11/channel-o-africa-music-video-awards-performers-announced/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba 2013, Gqulu wepụtara otu egwu, &quot;Lahla&quot; nke gosipụtara Dj Bucks na Uhuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bd46jAe1ukU|title=Busiswa feat DJ Buckz, Uhuru 'Lahla' Offical [sic] Music Video|date=12 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vidio egwu ahụ nwetara 1 nde+ nlele na YouTube.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot; /&gt; Gqulu tinyere Dj Bucks, kụrụ egwu ahụ na ndụ na SABC1 music show Live Amp.&lt;ref name=&quot;sabc1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc1.co.za/sabc/home/sabc1/shows/details?id=4ed9c017-fe7a-4c51-a172-e11d0d73765b|title=DETAILS|work=SABC1|accessdate=30 November 2018|archivedate=29 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211633/http://www.sabc1.co.za/sabc/home/sabc1/shows/details?id=4ed9c017-fe7a-4c51-a172-e11d0d73765b}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kụrụkwa egwu ahụ na 2015 Metro FM Awards .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://icc.co.za/14th-metro-fm-music-awards-rock-durban/|title=14th Metro FM Music Awards rock Durban – Durban ICC – Events and Entertainment Venue|work=Icc.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-mercury/20150625/281857232183191#|title=PressReader - the Mercury: 2015-06-25 - is Busiswa Africa's finest?|accessdate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201509/https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-mercury/20150625/281857232183191#|archivedate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ọnwa Septemba 2016, Gqulu sonyeere oge nke anọ nke Clash of the Choirs, dị ka onye na-eduzi ukwe na Kelly Khumalo, Anele Mdoda, JR, Bucie, Sifiso Ncwane na IFANI.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://reviewonline.co.za/events/event/do-you-have-what-it-takes-to-enter-clash-of-the-choirs/|title=Do you have what it takes to enter Clash of the Choirs? – Events – Review|work=Reviewonline.co.za|accessdate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527024716/https://reviewonline.co.za/events/event/do-you-have-what-it-takes-to-enter-clash-of-the-choirs/|archivedate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za|title=IOL – News that Connects South Africans|work=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel24.co.za|title=Channel24.co.za – Entertainment now|work=Channel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nduzi ukwe nke KwaZulu-Natal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://albertonrecord.co.za/38083/team-robbie-kzn-wins-mzansi-magics-clash-choirs-sa-season-2-2/|title=Team Robbie, KZN wins Mzansi Magic's Clash of the Choirs SA Season 2 – Alberton Record|date=7 July 2014|work=Albertonrecord.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụrụ ndị otu ya mgbe ha lụchara ọgụ na ndị otu Western Cape nke IFANI duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/news/clash-of-the-choirs-welcomes-new-presenter|title=Clash of the Choirs welcomes new presenter!|work=Mzansi Magic Official Website – Clash of the Choirs welcomes new presenter!|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2021-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922072823/https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/news/clash-of-the-choirs-welcomes-new-presenter}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2017 ruo 2019: ''Highly'' Flavoured na Summer Life ===
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, Gqulu kwupụtara na abọm izizi ya ga-abụ Highly Flavoured . N'ime ihe fọdụrụ na 2017, Gqulu gosipụtara na ọtụtụ egwu gụnyere Tipcee &quot;Isichathulo&quot; na Dj Maphorisa &quot;Vuvushka&quot; na &quot;Midnight Starring&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehypemagazine.com/2018/04/chi-king-cavie-dana-dane-wayne-g-highly-flavored-feat-bo-roc/#|title=Chi King, Cavie, Dana Dane &amp; Wayne G 'Highly Flavored' (Feat. Bo Roc) – the Hype Magazine|accessdate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527025127/https://www.thehypemagazine.com/2018/04/chi-king-cavie-dana-dane-wayne-g-highly-flavored-feat-bo-roc/#|archivedate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/new-album-alert-busiswa-drops-highly-flavoured/|title=NEW ALBUM ALERT: Busiswa Drops Highly Flavoured|work=Zkhiphani.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.justza.com/tipcee-give-feat-g-eazy-listen/|title=Tipcee 'iScathulo' (feat. Busiswa, DJ Tira &amp; Distruction Boyz) – Stream &amp; Download MP3! – JustZA|date=8 September 2017|work=Justza.com|accessdate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527022858/http://www.justza.com/tipcee-give-feat-g-eazy-listen/|archivedate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A tọhapụrụ &quot;Bazoyenza&quot; dị ka onye isi egwu maka abọm ahụ. Gqulu wepụtara abọm izizi ya Highly Flavoured, nke gosipụtara DJ Maphorisa, Busi N, DJ Athie, Da Fre, DJ Toxic, Nokwazi, Moozlie, Lando na Yasirah. A họpụtara abọm ahụ na South African Music Awards maka Best Kwaito Album na maka Best Female Artist.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mytvnews.co.za/sama-awards-nominees-2018-record-of-the-year-announced/|title=SAMA Awards Nominees 2018 – Record of the Year Announced! – My TV News|date=21 April 2018|work=Mytvnews.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gqulu kwupụtara ntọhapụ nke abọm studio ya nke abụọ, Summer Life, na akaụntụ Instagram ya; a tọhapụrụ abọm ahụ na 12 Nọvemba 2018, n'onwe ya, n'okpuru Ngqulu ọhụrụ, ụlọ ọrụ nke ya Busiswa Entertainment.&lt;ref name=&quot;okayafrica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/busiswa-summer-life-album/|work=okayafrica.com|title=Listen to Busiswa's New Album 'Summer Life' Featuring RudeBoyz, Dladla Mshunqisi, Uhuru And More|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dailysun&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/News/Entertainment/busiswa-to-release-an-independent-album-20181108|title=Busiswa to Release an Independent Album|work=Daily Sun|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Prince Kaybee wepụtara &quot;Banomoya&quot; nke gosipụtara Busiswa na TNS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/prince-kaybee-reveals-new-single-banomoya-ft-busiswa-tns/|title=Prince Kaybee Reveals New Single, Banomoya, Ft. Busiswa &amp; TNS|date=16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, Ngqulu nwetara nhọpụta abụọ na 25th South African Music Awards, na Best Dance Album category maka album ya a ma ama Summer Life na Best Female Category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-04-26-full-list-sama-nominees-leave-mzansi-split-over-the-death-of-kwaito/|title=FULL LIST &amp;#124; Sama nominees leave Mzansi split over the 'death of Kwaito'|work=TimesLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa na 2019, Busiswa gosipụtara na Beyoncé's The Lion King: The Gift album, na egwu &quot;My Power&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Website&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://beyonce.com/album/thegift/songs/|title=Beyoncé: THE LION KING: THE GIFT (2019)|work=Beyonce.com|accessdate=April 30, 2020|archivedate=July 20, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054338/https://www.beyonce.com/album/thegift/songs/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020-Ugbu a: ''AmaPiano'' crossover na My Side Of The Story ===
N'afọ 2020, ya na onye egwu Amapiano nke South Africa, Gaba Cannal rụkọtara ọrụ na otu ''Umhlaba'' Wonke .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/gaba-cannal-busiswa-umhlaba-wonke/|title=Gaba Cannal Enlists Busiswa in New Amapiano Banger 'Umhlaba Wonke'|work=Okay Africa|accessdate=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ wepụtara abọm studio nke atọ ya nke akpọrọ My Side Of The Story nke e ji egwu AmaPiano wuo, ọpụpụ ya na egwu ya na ụda Gqom na-agafe AmaPiano. Abọm ahụ nwetara nkwado abụọ, &quot;Sbwl&quot; nke gosipụtara [[Kamo Mphela]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/busiswa-and-kamo-mphela-single-sbwl/|title=Busiswa and Kamo Mphela Summon The Summer in New Visuals for Their Single 'SBWL'|accessdate=3 December 2020|work=Okay Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; na &quot;Makazi&quot; nke ọ gosipụtara Maazị JazziQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://justnje.com/busiswa-enjoys-the-good-life-in-makazi-music-video-featuring-mr-jazziq/|title=Busiswa enjoys the good life in makazi music video, featuring Mr JazziQ|work=Just Nje|accessdate=21 April 2021|archivedate=21 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225727/https://justnje.com/busiswa-enjoys-the-good-life-in-makazi-music-video-featuring-mr-jazziq/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na MTV Africa Music Awards, ọ natara nhọpụta maka Best Female act.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Here Are the 2021 MTV Africa Music Awards Nominees|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2021-nominees-announced/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=1 July 2021|language=en|date=2020-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ Ya ==
Gqulu nọrọ n'afọ izizi ya n'okpuru nlekọta na nduzi nke nne ya nwụrụ anwụ na nne nne ya bụ ndị nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịkpụzi àgwà ya siri ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.suninternational.com/carousel/events/spring-bash-with-busiswa/#|title=Celebrate Spring Bash with Busiswa at the Carousel &amp;#124; Hammanskraal|accessdate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023035/https://www.suninternational.com/carousel/events/spring-bash-with-busiswa/#|archivedate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Na 8 Nọvemba 2017, ọ kpughere na ọ dị ime na akaụntụ Instagram ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BbOgj7rj8Ce/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830134338/https://www.instagram.com/p/BbOgj7rj8Ce/|archivedate=30 August 2022|title=Busiswa Gqulu on Instagram: 'Happy Birthday to us!'|work=Instagram|accessdate=30 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 8 Jenụwarị 2018, Gqulu mụrụ nwa nwoke, Lakhanya Gqulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-16-congrats-busiswas-baby-has-arrived/|title=Congrats! Busiswa's baby has arrived|work=Sunday Times (Johannesburg)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BdxDusQheeT/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830134339/https://www.instagram.com/p/BdxDusQheeT/|archivedate=30 August 2022|title=Busiswa Gqulu on Instagram: &quot;As We put all our faith in you my lord @kaygee_thevibe thank you for being with me through this journey #babystarringontheway&quot;|work=Instagram|accessdate=30 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị 2021, ihe ngosi  mere eme nke ya &quot;Her Majesty: Busiswa&quot; gosipụtara na BET Africa. [citation needed]

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Na mgbakwunye na egwu na uri ya, Busiswa na-arụkwa ọrụ maka Art for Humanity (AFH) ebe ọ na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ ogbako, dị ka ụzọ isi nyere aka zụlite ekele maka uri na nka anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kznsagallery.co.za/exhibitions/art_of_human_rights.htm|title=KZNSA – ART OF HUMAN RIGHTS|work=Kznsagallery.co.za|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2018-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629213437/https://www.kznsagallery.co.za/exhibitions/art_of_human_rights.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2018/02/20/oskido-egos-bongo-maffin-reunion-busiswas-future-kalawa-jazmee/|title=Oskido on egos' Bongo Maffin reunion and Busiswa's future at Kalawa Jazmee|work=Dispatchlive.co.za|accessdate=2022-08-30|archivedate=2018-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220201408/http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2018/02/20/oskido-egos-bongo-maffin-reunion-busiswas-future-kalawa-jazmee/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gqulu na-arụkwa ọrụ na Ngalaba Mmụta nke Ndị Ntorobịa nke Umlazi District, na-akụziri ndị mmụta okwu n'ihu ọha, arụmụka na uri arụmọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.news24.com/Drum/Archive/busiswa-gqulu-shows-off-her-bae-20170728|title=Busiswa Gqulu shows off her bae|work=M.news24.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwapụta ==

* Highly Flavoured (2017)
* ''Summer Life''(2018)
* ''Mu Side Of The Story''(2020)

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke onyinye na nhọpụta Busiswa nwetara
* Ndepụta nke ndị egwu South Africa
* Ndepụta nke ndị egwu Africa

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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[[Usòrò:Cadbury logo new.jpg|thumb|Cadbury Nigeria Plc logo]]
'''Cadbury Nigeria Plc''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ nri, ihe na-atọ ụtọ na ihe ọṅụṅụ nke nwere isi na [[Lagos]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma na-ere ahịa na Nigerian Stock Exchange. '''Cadbury Nigeria Plc''' bụ enyemaka nke Mondelez International, otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ snacking n'ụwa. Ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Bournvita ma na-asọ mpi na ụdị sitere na Nestle, GlaxoSmithKline na Promasidor.&lt;ref&gt;Cadbury Nigeria in Hot Drinks (Nigeria). Euromonitor International. 2017&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Akụkọ Cadbury Schweppes na Naịjirịa malitere na afọ 1950 há mgbe ọ malitere inweta koko na mbubata ngwaahịa buru ibu ma tinye ya n'ime ite maka ire ere na mba ahụ. Mgbe ha mechara chọta ohere ahịa na mba ahụ, otu ahụ guzobere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na Jenụwarị, na afọ 1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;georgie&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/760937386|title=Impact of culture on the transfer of management practices in former British colonies : a comparative case study of Cadbury (Nigeria) Plc and Cadbury Worldwide|author=James.|first=George, Olusoji|date=2011|publisher=Xlibris|isbn=9781456833770|location=[United Kingdom]|pages=109-119|oclc=760937386}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'ihu ọha na afọ 1976 mgbe Cadbury Schweppes rere 20% nke mmasị ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ntinye ego nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na njikọta nke usoro nnyefe ya dugara n'ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ntụgharị sorghum na Stanmark Industries na Ondo, ụlọ ọrụ nhazi koko. Stanmark na-enye ihe ndị a na-emepụta maka ngwaahịa ya dị mkpa, Bournvita ma bụrụ isi iyi nke ego mba ọzọ site na mbupụ ngwaahịa koko. N'afọ 2006, ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ahụ na-edozi tọn 15,000 nke akị bọta akị bekee, mmanya akị bọọlụ na ntụ akị bọrọ.

N'afọ 2006, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara nkwupụta na-ekpughe mmejọ ego n'ọtụtụ akụkọ kwa afọ gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;sup&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://superbrands.s3.amazonaws.com/AAA%20MASTER%202%20PAGE%20PDF%20Case%20Studies/Nigeria/Nigeria%20Edition%201/Nigeria%20Edition%201%20Cadbury.pdf|title=Cabdury Nigeria|author=Superbrands|date=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ozugbo ekpughere ya, onye isi na onye isi ego gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ha. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mechara kwupụta na ọ ga-ewere ụgwọ ihe pụrụ iche na akwụkwọ ndekọ ego ya n'ihi nkwupụta na-ezighi ezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;georgie&quot; /&gt;

Isi ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Bournvita na Tom Tom. E webatara nke mbụ na mba ahụ na afọ 1960 na nke ikpeazụ na afọ 1970. Mgbe e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na afọ 1965, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mefuru ego na mgbasa ozi Bournvita, ma n'ime usoro ahụ mụbaa òkè ahịa nke akara ahụ. Bournvita mechara bụrụ onye ndu ahịa na ngalaba ya. Iji melite mkpa nri na-edozi ahụ, na afọ 1994, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere vitamin na mineral dị mkpa na Bournvita.&lt;ref name=&quot;sup&quot; /&gt;

Ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere Cadbury Eclairs, Malta sweets, Trebor na Peppermint mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;sup&quot; /&gt; Ihe ọṅụṅụ nyere 58% nke ego ọ na-enweta na afọ 2018 na ihe na-atọ ụtọ nyere 26%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://beverageindustrynews.com.ng/index.php/2018/10/24/cadbury-nigeria-rebounds-to-profit-on-higher-sales-cost-cutting/|title=Cadbury Nigeria rebounds to profit on higher sales, cost cutting|date=2018-10-24|work=Beverage Industry News (NG)|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-11-02|archivedate=2018-11-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116233814/http://beverageindustrynews.com.ng/index.php/2018/10/24/cadbury-nigeria-rebounds-to-profit-on-higher-sales-cost-cutting/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-ere Creme Rollers, Chocki, Hall Take 5 na Bubba Gum.&lt;ref name=&quot;georgie&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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'''Beti Olive Namisango Kamya-Turomwe''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Betty Kamya''' na '''Beti Kamya''', bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[Uganda]], nke atọ kachasị akụ na ụba na [[East African Community]]. Ọ bụ Inspector General nke Gọọmentị na Uganda, kemgbe 16 Julaị 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;IggR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/ramathan-ggoobi-new-ministry-of-finance-ps-kamya-appointed-igg-3474912|title=Ramathan Ggoobi is the new Ministry of Finance PS, Kamya appointed IGG|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|date=16 July 2021|author=Job Bwire|accessdate=16 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu nke ahụ, site na 6 June 2016 ruo 14 December 2019, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista maka Kampala Capital City Authority na kansụl Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 June 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf|title=Museveni's new cabinet list At 6 June 2016|accessdate=6 June 2016|author=Uganda State House|archivedate=7 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Uganda Federal Alliance (UFA), otu n'ime òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị edebanyere aha na mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Can-Beti-Kamya-change-Uganda-this-time-round/-/2558/2019792/-/6qfehoz/-/index.html|title=Can Beti Kamya Change Uganda This Time Around?|date=5 October 2013|accessdate=1 January 2015|first=Michael|author=Wakabi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=24 July 2017|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201511091746.html|title=Uganda: Beti Kamya Didn't Expect to Win, but She Made Her Point|date=9 November 2015|author=Benon Herbert Oluka}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke Uganda n'afọ puku abụọ na iri na otu , na-abịa na nke ise na vootu 52,782. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu na-anọchite anya Lubaga North Constituency na tiketi Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) site na 2006 ruo 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/658667-i-can-be-vp-in-museveni-s-cabinet-beti-kamya.html|title=I Can Be VP In Museveni's Cabinet – Beti Kamya|date=13 August 2014|first=David|author=Lumu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=27625:i-will-be-back-as-mp-beti-kamya&amp;catid=53:interview&amp;Itemid=67|title=I Will Be Back As MP – Beti Kamya|date=22 September 2013|first=Edward|author=Ssekika|accessdate=1 January 2015|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224020/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=27625:i-will-be-back-as-mp-beti-kamya&amp;catid=53:interview&amp;Itemid=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamya sonyeere otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị National Resistance Movement ma n'afọ 2020 ọ sonyere na ntuli aka ndị na-ebu ọkọlọtọ maka mpaghara Lubaga North dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kamya explains why she joined NRM party|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kamya-explains-why-she-joined-nrm-party-1878588|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minister Kamya, Tindyebwa lock horns in Rubaga North|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/minister-kamya-tindyebwa-lock-horns-in-rubaga-north-1915966|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ meriri Brian Tindyebwa na Dr. Isaac Lwanga ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ NRM na ntuli aka onye isi ala na nke ndị omeiwu nke 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Independent|first=The|date=2020-09-04|title=Minister Beti Kamya wins Lubaga North NRM elections|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/minister-beti-kamya-wins-lubaga-north-nrm-elections/|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=URN|title=Beti Kamya, Margaret Zziwa win in NRM primaries|url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/66446-beti-kamya-margaret-zziwa-win-in-nrm-primaries|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=The Observer - Uganda|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How NRM converts performed in party primaries|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/how-nrm-converts-performed-in-party-primaries-1933500|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=Betty Kamya Defeats Tindyebwa, Others in Rubaga North NRM Primaries|url=https://chimpreports.com/betty-kamya-defeats-tindyebwa-others-in-rubaga-north-nrm-primaries/|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Writer|first=TRACY TEDDY NAYIGA {{!}} PML Daily Staff|date=2020-09-04|title=Minister Beti Kamya wins NRM flag for Rubaga North with 90%|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/09/minister-beti-kamya-wins-nrm-flag-for-rubaga-north-with-90.html|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=PML Daily|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ntuli aka nke afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụọ na abụọ Kamya meriri ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Lubaga North na Ababaker Kawalya nke National Unity Platform (NUP) otu pati n'okpuru onyeisi oche nke Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shabomwe|first=Ronard|date=2021-01-20|title=Minister Kamya defeated at her home polling station|url=https://eagle.co.ug/2021/01/20/minister-kamya-defeated-at-her-home-polling-station.html|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=Eagle Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kibuule, Rukutana, Lokodo join other Ministers booted out of parliament|url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/kibuule-rukutana-lokodo-join-other-ministers-booted-out-of-parliament-3259130|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=NTV Uganda|language=en|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418183752/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/kibuule-rukutana-lokodo-join-other-ministers-booted-out-of-parliament-3259130}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=mikessegawa|date=2021-03-23|title=Do these 7 Ugandan politicians have any party allegiances?|url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210323/110831/do-these-7-ugandan-politicians-have-any-party-allegiances.html|accessdate=2021-04-03|work=Watchdog Uganda|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ ya na Nakuru, Kenya na 30 Nọvemba 1955 na George Wilson Kamya, onye Uganda, na Margaret Wairimu Kamya, nke [[Kenya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/Mulumba-one-men--swag--who-ruled-1970s/689856-4027134-2gwrga/index.html|accessdate=24 July 2017|date=24 July 2017|title=Mulumba: One of the men of 'swag' who ruled the 1970s|first=Robert|author=Mugagga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beti bụ nwa nke anọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu. N'afọ 1961, mgbe Beti dị afọ isii, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.co.ug/new-vision/election/1000094/beti-olive-kamya-namisango|title=Profile of Beti Olive Namisango Kamya|date=1 August 2015|accessdate=24 July 2017|author=Administrator|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727171520/http://www.elections.co.ug/new-vision/election/1000094/beti-olive-kamya-namisango|archivedate=27 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara McKay Memorial School na Kampala na Saint Hellen's Primary School na Western Uganda maka agụmakwụkwọ elementrị ya. Ọ gara Wanyange Girls' School maka agụmakwụkwọ O-Level ya na Kings College Budo maka agụmakịa A-Level. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Makerere, mahadum ọha na eze kachasị ochie na nke kachasị ukwuu na mba ahụ, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nzere Bachelor of Commerce na ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;/&gt;

== Ahụmahụ ọrụ ==
N'etiti afọ 1980, ọ sonyeere Uganda Leather and Tanning Industries Limited na Jinja na ngalaba ahịa, na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ ruo 1988. Ọ sonyeere Nyanza Textiles Industries Limited, na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa ruo n'afọ 1992. Mgbe ahụ, ya na di ya kwagara Kampala, isi obodo Uganda na obodo kachasị ukwuu.

Site na 1996 ruo 1999, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa ahịa na Uganda Breweries Limited na Port Bell, mpaghara Kampala. Site na 1999 ruo 2004, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke [http://uweczoo.org/ Uganda Wildlife Education Centre] (UWEC) na Entebbe, ihe dị ka kilota 36 (22 mi), site n'okporo ụzọ, n'ebe ndịda Kampala n'akụkụ ugwu nke [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=6 June 2016|date=6 June 2016|author=GFC|publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)|title=Distance between Uganda Wildlife Education Centre, Entebbe, Central Region, Uganda and Uganda Post Office, Kampala Road, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda|url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Uganda%20Wildlife%20Education%20Centre%2C%20Entebbe%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Uganda%20Post%20Office%2C%20Kampala%20Road%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJRcKhIpGGfRcRJqknVUmj8UI&amp;dt2=ChIJQ6vCjIC8fRcRO0xjOZ4-3Qc}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbata afọ 2001 na afọ 2004, mgbe ọ ka nọ na UWEC, ọ ghọrọ onye ọrụ na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Reform, Agenda, onye bu ụzọ na otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị FDC. Site na 2005 ruo 2010, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche nke onye isi oche FDC Kizza Besigye . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu a họpụtara maka Lubaga North Constituency na tiketi FDC. Na Jenụwarị 2010, ọ hapụrụ FDC wee guzobe UFA, bụrụ onye isi oche mbụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;/&gt;

== Nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ onye kansụl ==
Na 6 June 2016, a kpọrọ ya aha dị ka Minista ọhụrụ maka Kampala Capital City Authority na Cabinet ọhụrụ mara ọkwa n'ụbọchị ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|accessdate=6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime mgbanwe nke kansụl na 14 Disemba 2019, a kpọrọ ya Minista nke Ala, Ụlọ na Mmepe Obodo, na-agbanwe dockets na [[Betty Amongi]], onye weghaara na Kampala Capital City Authority.&lt;ref name=&quot;AppR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni-shuffles-Cabinet-drops-Muloni-Nadduli-Ssekandi/688334-5386130-139sq4lz/index.html|title=Museveni Shuffles Cabinet, Drops Muloni, Appoints Magyezi|date=14 December 2019|accessdate=27 January 2020|author=Monitor Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Kamya lụrụ Spencer Turwomwe, onye agha na ndị agha Uganda. Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 2003. Ha nwere ụmụ isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamya-Tiromwe, Beti}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Beauty Thulani Zibula bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye otu National Assembly of South Africa . Zibula bụ onye otu African National Congress .

== Ọrụ omeiwu ==
Zibula bụ onye omeiwu na-azọ ọkwa onye omeiwu maka African National Congress na ntuli aka 2019. Ọ bụ onye nke iri na isii na ndepụta ANC na KwaZulu-Natal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 March 2019|title=ANC national and provincial lists for 2019 elections|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/anc-national-and-provincial-lists-for-2019-electio|accessdate=23 September 2021|work=Politicsweb|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323062858/http://politicsweb.co.za:80/documents/anc-national-and-provincial-lists-for-2019-electio|archivedate=2019-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu mba dịka ANC meriri oche iri abụọ na anọ na mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=2021-09-23|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka onye otu National Assembly, ọ bụ onye otu Standing Committee on Public Accounts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Standing Committee on Public Accounts|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/167|accessdate=23 September 2021|work=Parliament of South Africa|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018042100/https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/167|archivedate=2020-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2019 Register of Members' Interest, Zibula kpughere na dị ka onyeisi oche nke Clothing Manufactory Chamber nke National Bargaining Council, ọ natara R13 935.48.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alcohol, cellphones, shoes and portraits... these are just a few of the things MPs received as gifts|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/alcohol-cellphones-shoes-and-portraits-these-are-just-a-few-of-the-things-mps-received-as-gifts-86536054-94a1-4745-a837-c0e9847be310|accessdate=2021-09-23|work=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Beauty Thulani Zibula at People's Assembly
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220805095203/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/389 Profaịlụ] na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa
{{Current MPs of South Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zibula, Beauty}}
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{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|name=Cheryl Phillips|honorific-suffix=|image=|image_size=|caption=|office=Shadow Deputy Minister of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries|leader=[[John Steenhuisen]]|term_start=5 December 2020|term_end=|predecessor=[[Hannah Winkler]]|successor=|office1=[[Member of the National Assembly of South Africa]]|term_start1=22 May 2019|term_end1=|office2=Shadow Deputy Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy|leader2=[[John Steenhuisen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mmusi Maimane]]|term_start2=5 June 2019|term_end2=5 December 2020|predecessor2=''Position created'' ([[Tandeka Gqada]] as Shadow Deputy Minister of Energy)|successor2=''Position abolished''|birthname=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1962|02|23|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=[[South African people|South African]]|party=[[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]]|otherparty=|spouse=|partner=&lt;!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--&gt;|relations=|children=|residence=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Member of Parliament|profession=Politician|known_for=|committees=|awards=|website=}}{{Databox}}
'''Cheryl Phillips''' (amụrụ na 23 Febụwarị 1962) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa si North West onye jere ozi na National Assembly kemgbe Mee 2019. Onye otu Democratic Alliance, ọ bụ osote minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ọhịa na azụ kemgbe Disemba 2020. Ọ bụ osote minista na-ahụ maka ihe onwunwe na ike site na June 2019 ruo December 2020. Phillips jere ozi dị ka onye kansụl mpaghara na Rustenburg.

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Phillips mere mkpọsa maka votu &quot;Ee&quot; na ntuli aka nke afọ 1992. Ọ kwagara Rustenburg na 2001 wee sonye na Democratic Party . O mechara sonye na Democratic Alliance .&lt;ref name=&quot;PAB&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ puku abụọ na iri na anọ a họpụtara ya na kọmitii nke ngalaba ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;PAB&quot; /&gt; A họpụtara Phillips dị ka onye kansụl mpaghara maka ngalaba 16 na ntuli aka na Jenụwarị 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results of the municipal by-elections held on 20 January 2016|url=https://www.elections.org.za/content/About-Us/News/Results-of-the-municipal-by-elections-held-on-20-January-2016/|work=IEC|accessdate=20 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Montsho|first=Molaole|title=Rustenburg residents not paying for services|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/rustenburg-residents-not-paying-for-services-1976111|accessdate=20 October 2020|work=IOL|date=26 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu nke South Africa na ndepụta mpaghara nke DA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=20 October 2020|work=News24|date=15 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya dị ka osote minista na-ahụ maka ihe onwunwe na ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gerber|first=Jan|title=Here's the DA's 'shadow cabinet'|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/heres-the-das-shadow-cabinet-20190605|accessdate=20 October 2020|date=5 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị otu kọmitii ===

==== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ====

* Kọmitii na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ọhịa na ịkụ azụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/cheryl-phillips/#experience|title=Cheryl Phillips}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ndị otu gara aga ====

* Kọmitii Portfolio na Mineral Resources na Energy&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mrs Cheryl Phillips|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/308|work=Parliament of South Africa|accessdate=20 October 2020|archivedate=24 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024041040/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/308}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Phillips lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;PAB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Blog: Cheryl Phillips|url=https://www.pa.org.za/blog/cheryl-phillips|work=People's Assembly|date=21 January 2020|accessdate=20 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebemsidee ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phillips, Cheryl}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=|office=Member of Parliament from [[Limpopo]]|termstart=22 May 2019|honorific_suffix=[[Parliament of South Africa|MP]]|party=[[ANC]]}}{{Databox}}
'''Carol Mokgadi Phiri''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa, ọ bụkwa onye bụ onye omeiwu (MP) maka African National Congress .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ms Carol Mokgadi Phiri - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/309|accessdate=2021-09-15|work=www.parliament.gov.za|archivedate=2021-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920231044/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/309}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Current MPs of South Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phiri, Carol}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|name=Busisiwe Tshwete|honorific-suffix=[[Member of Parliament|MP]]|image=|image_size=|caption=|office=[[Member of the National Assembly of South Africa]]|status=|term_start=22 May 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=WATCH: Newly-elected MPs sworn in |url=https://www.enca.com/news/parliament-readies-swearing1 |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=eNCA |date=22 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|term_end=|constituency=[[Eastern Cape (National Assembly of South Africa constituency)|Eastern Cape]]|birthname=Busisiwe Tshwete|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|05|07|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=[[South Africa]]n|party=[[African National Congress]]|otherparty=|spouse=|partner=&lt;!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--&gt;|relations=|children=|residence=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Politician|profession=|known_for=|committees=|awards=|website=}}{{Databox}}
'''Busisiwe Tshwete''' (amụrụ na 7 Mee 1981) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye otu National Assembly of South Africa maka African National Congress (ANC).

A họpụtara Tshwete ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu mba na ntuli aka South Africa nke afọ 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=15 May 2021|work=News24|date=15 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Who's nominated for the National Assembly &amp; provincial legislatures?|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/05/15/who-s-nominated-for-the-national-assembly-and-provincial-legislatures|accessdate=15 May 2021|date=15 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye otu National Assembly's Portfolio Committee on Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Portfolio Committee on Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/140|work=Parliament of South Africa|accessdate=15 May 2021|archivedate=28 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228003821/https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/140}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Busisiwe Tshwete at People's Assembly
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220805095756/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/367 Ms Busisiwe Tshwete] na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa
{{Current MPs of South Africa}}


[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Keitumetse Bridgette Tlhomelang''' (amụrụ na 28 Disemba 1975) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye African National Congress Member of Parliament si North West .

== Ọrụ omeiwu ==
Tlhomelang bụ onye otu African National Congress . Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke asatọ na ndepụta ANC nke ndị omeiwu si North West maka ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Mee 8, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African National Congress Candidates List 2019|url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/candidates-list-2019-elections|work=African National Congress|accessdate=13 July 2021|archivedate=15 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815122923/https://anc1912.org.za/candidates-list-2019-elections}}&lt;/ref&gt; ANC meriri 63.69% nke ngụkọta vootu na vootu mba na mpaghara ahụ, na-enye ya ohere itoolu n'ime oche mpaghara iri na atọ na National Assembly, ụlọ nke ala nke ndị omeiwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NATIONAL ASSEMBLY - VOTE AND SEAT SUMMARY|url=https://www.elections.org.za/content/NPEPublicReports/699/Seat%20Calculation/National.pdf|work=Electoral Commission of South Africa|accessdate=13 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Tlhomelang ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu nke mba ahụ ma ṅụọ iyi n'oge nnọkọ mbụ nke National Assembly mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị na 22 Mee 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=13 July 2021|work=News24|date=15 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara Tlhomelang ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Kọmitii Portfolio na Small Business Development maka Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke isii (20192024) na 27 June 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Announcements, tablings and committee reports|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/storage/app/media/Docs/atc/b15cfe21-ab17-4cf6-a638-3d164e752c63.pdf|work=Parliament of South Africa|accessdate=13 July 2021|date=27 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị, a họpụtara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Kọmitii Na-eduzi nke nwere mmadụ ise nke Multi-Party Women's Caucus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Election of Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson and Steering Committee|url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/28577/|work=Parliamentary Monitoring Group|accessdate=13 July 2021|date=12 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Keitumetse Bridgette Tlhomelang at People's Assembly
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220805092246/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/359 Profaịlụ] na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa
{{Current MPs of South Africa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tlhomelang, Bridgette}}
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{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Christy Ohiaeriaku
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Personal information
|-
!Date of birth
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |13 December 1996(age 25)
|-
!Height
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |1.76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)
|-
!Position(s)
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Senior career*
|-
!Years
|'''Team'''
|'''&lt;abbr&gt;Apps&lt;/abbr&gt;'''
|'''(&lt;abbr&gt;Gls&lt;/abbr&gt;)'''
|-
!
|[[Osun Babes F.C.|Osun Babes]]
|
|
|-
!
|[[Rivers Angels]]
|
|
|-
!
|Osun Babes
|
|
|-
!2016–
|[[IFK Ostersund]]
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |National team
|-
!2019–
|[[Nigeria women's national football team|Nigeria]]
|2
|(0)
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |*Club domestic league appearances and goals
|}
'''Christy Ohiaeriaku''' {{Audio|Ig-Christy Ohiaeriaku.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ na 13 Disemba 1996) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agba dịka onye na-edebe goolu. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Naijiria. Na klọb ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Osun Babes na Rivers Angels na Naijiria, na kemgbe 2016 maka IFK Ostersund na Sweden.

== Ọrụ bọọlụ ==
Ohiaeriaku gbara Osun Babes bọọlụ dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ ha họọrọ na Nigeria Women Premier League, ebe ndị otu ahụ mechara n'ọnọdụ nke atọ. Ọrụ a mere ka a kpọọ onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ka ọ bịa n'òtù mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Osun Babes coach Liadi Bashiru hails Edwin Okon on Christy Oheriaku call-up|url=http://www.savidnews.com/osun-babes-coach-liadi-bashiru-hails-edwin-okon-on-christy-oheriaku-call-up/|publisher=Savid News|accessdate=4 November 2016|date=13 September 2014|archivedate=31 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731214819/http://www.savidnews.com/osun-babes-coach-liadi-bashiru-hails-edwin-okon-on-christy-oheriaku-call-up/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara hapụ ya ka ọ sonye na ndị mmeri na-achị Rivers Angels mgbe ha meriri n'asọmpi abụọ ọzọ, tupu ha agafee Osun Babes na mbido afọ 2016. Na nkwupụta, o kelere ndị otu na ndị ọrụ nkwado na Rivers Angels, na-akọwa ha dị ka ezinụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Super Falcons Goalkeeper, Ohiaeriaku Rejoins Osun Babes On A-Year Deal|url=http://saharareporterssport.com/super-falcons-goalkeeper-ohiaeriaku-rejoins-osun-babes-on-a-year-deal/|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=Sahara Reporters Sport|date=4 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ gafere n'akụkụ Swedish IFK Ostersund na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nkwekọ nke nwere ike ịgbatị otu afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.savidnews.com/nigerias-goalkeeper-christy-ohiaeriaku-joins-swedens-ifk-ostersund/|title=Nigeria's goalkeeper Christy Ohiaeriaku joins Sweden's IFK Ostersund|publisher=Savid News|date=2 June 2016|accessdate=4 November 2016|archivedate=31 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731213441/http://www.savidnews.com/nigerias-goalkeeper-christy-ohiaeriaku-joins-swedens-ifk-ostersund/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ mba ụwa ===
Tupu asọmpi asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị nke Afrịka nke afọ 2014, a gụnyere Ohiaeriaku na [[Nigeria women's national football team|ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke]] Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2014/09/13/5100869/christy-ohieriaku-delighted-with-super-falcons-call-up|title=Christy Ohieriaku delighted with Super Falcons call-up|work=Goal.com|date=13 September 2014|accessdate=12 June 2015|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu na 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, ebe ọ bụ otu n&quot;ime ndị na-edebe goolu atọ ahọpụtara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|title=Perpetua Nkwocha aims to end Nigeria career on a high|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32913879|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=28 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bidoghị egwuregwu ọ bụla, kama ịbụ onye a na-ejighị dochie anya maka egwuregwu megide United States, Australia na Sweden n'ihe a kọwara dị ka &quot;ìgwè ọnwụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Christy Ohiaeriaku|url=http://www.espnfc.com.au/player/219970/christy-ohiaeriaku|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Group of death: Australia's World Cup opponents|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/soccer/group-of-death-australias-world-cup-opponents-20150605-ghhigr.html|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|date=5 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mbido 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, ọ nwere olileanya na ọ gara n'ihu na bọọlụ na Sweden ga-enyere ya aka inweta ọnọdụ na ndị otu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=IFKO Stersund's Ohiaeriaku ready for Falconets challenge|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/ifko-stersund-ohiaeriaku-ready-falconets-165514519.html|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=6 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara kpọọ aha ya na ndị otu maka asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dedevbo rejects players ahead of Women's World Cup|url=http://von.gov.ng/dedevbo-rejects-players-ahead-womens-world-cup/|publisher=VON.gov.ng|accessdate=4 November 2016|date=25 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-1|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-2|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-3|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-4|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-5|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-6|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-7|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-8|^]]''' 
# '''[[Christy Ohiaeriaku#cite%20ref-9|^]]''' 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohiaeriaku, Christy}}
[[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]]
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'''Brigitte Affidehome Tonon''' bụ onye nyocha Beninois, onye edemede bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ basketball na onye isi nchịkwa nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nke mba Benin. N'ịbụ onye zụrụ Benin na mpaghara 2017 FIBA Ntozu AfroBasket, Tonon ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ n'Afrika zụrụ otu egwuregwu basketball nke ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First woman to coach men's national team in Africa cherishes Benin's FIBA AfroBasket 2017 qualifier experience|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/afrobasketqualifiers/2017/news/ffirst-woman-to-coach-mens-national-team-in-africa-cherishes-benin-fiba-afrobasket-qualifier-experience|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
A mụrụ Tonon n'aka Pierre Coffi Tonon, onye na 2017 bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Federation Beninoise de Basketball (FBBB).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-04-01|title=Free Throw: Meet first woman to coach men’s national team in Africa|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/free-throw-meet-first-woman-to-coach-mens-national-team-in-africa/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwere PhD na Na-emega ahụ Physiology site na Mahadum Abomey-Calavi (UAC)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brigitte TONON {{!}} PhD exercise physiology {{!}} University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou {{!}} UAC {{!}} National Youth and Sports Education Institute (INJEPS)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brigitte-Tonon|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=ResearchGate|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Tonon ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke otu egwuregwu basketball nke ụmụ nwoke Benin n'afọ 2017 ma bụrụ onye na-elekọta otu ahụ n'oge 2017 FIBA Afrobasket ruru eru na Cotonou ebe ọ zụrụ ndị otu ahụ na mmeri 69-61 na [[Burkina Faso]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Benin at the FIBA AfroBasket 2017 Qualifiers 2017|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/afrobasketqualifiers/2017/Republic-of-Benin|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tonon na-arụ ọrụ na Benin Ụlọ ọrụ egwuregwu na Porto Novo dị ka onye nkuzi, onye nkuzi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First woman to coach men's national team in Africa cherishes Benin's FIBA AfroBasket 2017 qualifier experience|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/afrobasketqualifiers/2017/news/ffirst-woman-to-coach-mens-national-team-in-africa-cherishes-benin-fiba-afrobasket-qualifier-experience|accessdate=2022-03-28|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye nwere PhD na Na-emega ahụ Physiology, Tonon bụ onye edemede bipụtara n'otu isiokwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hụkwa&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328150147/http://beninbasket.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Benin Basketball Federation]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brigitte-Tonon Akwụkwọ Brigitte Affidehome Tonon bipụtara]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonon, Brigitte Affidehome}}
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      <text bytes="22365" sha1="3ai4rvkkicmye2eruhzxsedjurgyhu3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=|name=Călin GeorBVCFCu|office2=[[Executive director]] of the [[United Nations]] Global Sustainable Index Institute in [[Geneva]]/[[Vaduz]]|term_start2=2015|term_end2=2016|office3=President of the [[European Research Center for Information Systems|European Research Centre]] for the [[Club of Rome]]|term_start3=2013|term_end3=2015|nationality=Romanian|citizenship=Romania|party=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1962|03|26|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bucharest]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]]|profession=[[Agriculturist|Agronomist]]|education=[[University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest]] (1986)&lt;br&gt;[[Carol I National Defence University]] (2007)}}

'''Călin Georgescu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1962) bụ onye [[Romania|Romanian]] bụ ọkachamara na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, nke a nabatara n&quot;ọhịa, na ya na afọ iri na asaa nke ije ozi na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro United Nations. A họpụtara Georgescu ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke United Nations Global Sustainable Index Institute na Geneva na Vaduz maka oge 2015-2016. Tupu nke ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke European Research Centre maka Club of Rome (2013[[2015). Ọ bụkwa onye otu Club of Rome International na [[Switzerland]].

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Georgescu na mpaghara Cotroceni nke Bucharest, nwa Scarlat Georgesco na Aneta Georgespu, nke a mụrụ Popescu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cadranpolitic.ro/calin-georgescu-fisa-de-cadre/|title=Călin Georgescu, fișă de cadre|language=ro|first=Virginia|author=Mircea|work=www.cadranpolitic.ro|date=December 17, 2020|accessdate=February 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Land Reclamation College, Nicolae Bălcescu Institute of Agronomy na Bucharest (1986) wee nweta Ph.D. ya na sayensị ala na 1999.

== Ọrụ ==
Georgescu rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke National Center for Sustainable Development na Bucharest site na 2000 ruo 2013. Onye a kwadoro ikike na atụmatụ atụmatụ na atụmatụ ọha na eze, gọọmenti Romania họpụtara ya ka ọ hazie mmepe nke nsụgharị abụọ na-esote nke National Sustainable.  Strategy Development (na 1999 na 2008), kwekọrọ na ntuziaka nke European Strategy for Sustainable Development.

Ọ na-ejikọta ihe ọmụma zuru oke nke ụkpụrụ na omume nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na ahụmahụ aka na ubi site n'ịrụ ọrụ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọha na eze na nkeonwe yana ndị obodo na-arụ ọrụ iji chepụta, mejuputa na ịgbaso site na ịmecha ọrụ dị iche iche n'okpuru Mpaghara Mpaghara.  Agenda 21 (nke United Nations Development Programme malitere na 1992) maka ihe karịrị obodo ịrị anọ nke mba Romania.

Onye bụbu Senior Fellow na United Nations Development Programme, Georgescu nwekwara ọkwa dị iche iche na usoro UN, dị ka UN Special Rapporteur na mmetụta ọjọọ nke mmegharị iwu na-akwadoghị na ịtụfu ngwaahịa na ihe mkpofu na nsị na ịnụ ụtọ ikike mmadụ na onye nnọchi anya Kọmitii Mba [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UNEP]] maka Romania.

O nwekwara ọkwa ndị dị ka: Onye ndụmọdụ nke Minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Ministry of Environment, onye nduzi nke Ngalaba Na-emepụta Akụnụba nke Mba Nile na Ministry nke Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ nke Romania, Odeakwụkwọ General nke Romanian Association for the Club of Rome na onye isi nchịkwa nke Institute for Innovation and Development Projects.

Dị ka nkwupụta e nyere na Nọvemba 2020, Georgescu kwuru na Ion Antonescu na Corneliu Zelea Codreanu bụ ndị dike site na ha &quot;ọ biri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba, site n'aka ha na-ekwu ma na'ekwu akụkọ mba ọ bụghị site site mu ndị na ya na ike ụwa nke na na - na&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/cine-este-calin-georgescu-propunerea-aur-pentru-functia-de-premier-1417286|title=Cine este Călin Georgescu, propunerea AUR pentru funcția de premier|publisher=[[Digi24]]|accessdate=2021-10-08|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), otu pati nke batara n'ụlọ omebe iwu Romanian na-esote ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Romenian na Disemba 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AUR a anunțat pe cine va propune ca premier: &quot;Călin Georgescu este un român patriot&quot;|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/aur-a-anuntat-pe-cine-va-propune-ca-premier-calin-georgescu-este-un-roman-patriot.html|accessdate=2020-12-07|work=Stirileprotv.ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Romania na 2021 nke dugara n'iwepụ Cîțu Cabinet n&quot;ọfịs, otu pati ahụ tụụrụ ya aro ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Simion: &quot;AUR propune un premier independent, care să respecte interesele națiunii române&quot;|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/simion-aur-propune-un-premier-independent-care-sa-respecte-interesele-natiunii-romane.html|work=Știrile Pro TV|date=11 October 2021|language=ro|accessdate=11 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbasa ozi katọrọ Georgescu maka nkwupụta ya na-akwado Russia, ụfọdụ ọbụna na'ime ha na na -ewere ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya ọdịmma Russia na Romania.

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

*Romania at Crossroads, Editura Logos, Bucuresti, 2014 and Editura Christiana, 2016 (second revised edition and the country project)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327182424/http://www.ipid.ro/reprofesionalizarea/?p=629 &quot;Pentru un ideal comun&quot;] [In Search of Common Purpose], Compania Publishing House, Bucharest, 2012.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 “România după criză. Reprofesionalizarea”] [Romania after the crisis. Reshaping Professional Worth], coordinators {{ill|Mircea Malița|ro}} and Călin Georgescu, Compania Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140712155919/http://www.ipid.ro/rr3_docs/rr3.pdf “Trezirea la realitate”] [A Wake-up Call], in ''România post-criză. Reprofesionalizarea României III'' [''Romania after the Crisis''], 3rd IPID Report, Bucharest, 2010, pp.&amp;nbsp;5–15.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150506021417/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr2_ro.pdf “Reclădirea capitalului uman”] [Rebuilding Human Capital], in ''Șansa României: oamenii. Reprofesionalizarea României II''  [''A Chance for Romania: Betting on People''], 2nd IPID Report, București, 2009, pp.&amp;nbsp;7–18.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309011236/http://www.clubofrome.ro/php/publications_files/pdfs/1262766668.pdf “Romania at the Eve of the Third Millennium”], in Millennium III, special issue on “Which Forces are Driving Europe?, European Conference of the National Associations of the Club of Rome”, Bucharest, 23–24 May 2008, pp.&amp;nbsp;95–103.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140211082435/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr1_ro.pdf ''“Reprofesionalizarea României”''] [''Reshaping Professional Worth in Romania''], 1st IPID Report, Bucharest, 2008; author and editor.
*[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SNDD_2008_EN_.pdf ''National Sustainable Development Strategy of Romania 2013-2020-2030''], (available in Romanian and English), Government of Romania, Bucharest, 2008; Project Manager.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160908065114/http://cndd.ro/documents_local_agenda_21.html ''Planurile Locale de Dezvoltare Durabilă “Agenda Locală 21”''] [Local Sustainable Development Plans under Local Agenda 21], for 40 local authorities, 2000–2008; Project Manager.
*[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NSSD_1999_EN.pdf ''National Sustainable Development Strategy''], (available in Romanian and English), United Nations Development Programme, Bucharest, 1999; Project Manager.
*[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Romania_2020.pdf ''Romania 2020''], Editura Conspress, București, 1998, Editor.

==Edensibia==
{{Reflist}}

==Njikọ Mpuga==

*Club of Rome (https://www.clubofrome.org/) 
*European Research Centre of the Club of Rome (http://www.clubofrome.eu/) 
*United Nations Global Sustainability Index Institute - UNGSII (http://www.ungsii.org/) 
*United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner - OHCHR (http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Pages/Home.aspx) 
*United Nations Development Programme - UNDP (http://www.undp.org/
*United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP (http://www.unep.org/)
*Centrul Național pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă / National Centre for Sustainable Development (http://www.ncsd.ro)
*Strategia Națională pentru Dezvoltarea Durabilă a României / National Sustainable Development Strategy (http://strategia.ncsd.ro/)

===Edemede na ajụjụ ọnụ ===
*{{YouTube|id=mhPyLLadmgs|title=Legile Afacerilor – Călin Georgescu}} – [[TVR 2]] – &quot;Legile Afacerilor&quot; (Business Laws), 5 September 2016 – in Romanian
*[http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/adevarul-live-ora-1400-calin-georgescu-lider-clubul-roma-despre-nationalism-ortodoxie-lupta-politica-1_5757c7815ab6550cb8c110bf/index.html Călin Georgescu despre naționalism, ortodoxie, lupta politică] - 8 June 2016 - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20230306065929/http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari Călin Georgescu: &quot;Nu recunosc conducerea acestei țări&quot;], 29 March 2015 - in Romanian
*[http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ Călin Georgescu - interviu la Realitatea TV], 25 September 2014 - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220171359/http://www.initiativepentruromania.ro/calin-georgescu-interviu-manifest-romania-are-nevoie-de-un-stat-care-isi-serveste-cu-abnegatie-cetatenii-si-nu-de-unul-care-slugareste-capitalul-international-2/ &quot;România are nevoie de un stat care își servește cu abnegație cetățenii&quot;], 3 March 2014 - in Romanian
*[http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html ”Lideri pricepuți. Decizii cruciale”]-in Romanian,[http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/skilled-leaders-for-crucial-decisions.html ”Skilled Leaders for Crucial Decisions”] in English,  foreword to [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527080009/https://www.compania.ro/ Romanian edition of &quot;Bankrupting Nature, Denying our Planetary Boundaries&quot; by Anders Wijkman and Johan Rockström](compania, Bucharest, 2013)-in English.
*&quot;[http://www.bursa.ro/calin-georgescu-trebuie-restabilit-echilibrul-intre-rationalitatea-economica-si-suportabilitatea-sociala-145901&amp;s=ziua_zeuro&amp;articol=145901.html Trebuie restabilit echilibrul între raţionalitatea economică şi suportabilitatea socială&quot;], interview by Adina Ardeleanu, BURSA,  27 October 2011. - in Romanian
*[https://archive.today/20120331102126/http://inregistrari.antena3.ro/view-26_Aug-2011-Vorbe_grele_cu_Victor_Ciutacu-30.html VIDEO Călin Georgescu este invitatul lui Victor Ciutacu la emisiunea &quot;Vorbe Grele&quot; la Antena 3], 26 August 2011.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120328123418/http://romaniapress.ro/interviuri/9657-exclusivitate-avem-ce-invata-de-la-altii-dar-problemele-noastre-tot-noi-trebuie-sa-le-rezolvam.html &quot;Avem ce învăța de la alții, dar problemele noastre tot noi trebuie să le rezolvam&quot;], interview with Călin Georgescu for RomaniaPress.ro, 3 August 2011. - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html &quot;Nişa României: agricultura eco&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html |date=2012-10-08 }}: Călin Georgescu, director executiv al Centrului Naţional pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă din România [&quot;Romania's Niche: bio agriculture&quot;: Călin Georgescu, executive director of the National Centre for Sustainable Development&quot;], interview by Sabina Fati, 5 July 2011.-in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145007/https://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html Soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată: Expertul Călin Georgescu la Dezbaterile Wall-Street.ro] [Keys to country's immediate economic revival: expert Călin Georgescu at Wall-Street.ro debates], 4 July 2011.-in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110818055115/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=105268 VIDEO &quot;Pentru omenire, criza actuală nu este o problemă, ci ceea ce urmează după ea&quot;] [The Current Crisis is not the Problem for the Humanity, but what will come after it], interview by Rodica Culcer and Lidia Moise, PRIM PLAN, TVR 1, 20 June 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110823083021/http://www.tvr.ro/inregistrari.php Emisunea PRIM PLAN – integrala] poate fi vazuta la INREGISTRARILE SAPTAMANII, Luni: 20-06-2011.- in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110805081116/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4140 &quot;Viitorul va fi al creierului și al minții&quot;] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805073503/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4145 The Future Will Belong to the Brain and Mind], interview by Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, April 2011.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003901/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=99484 VIDEO &quot;Interviu în exclusivitate cu Călin Georgescu, unul dintre liderii europeni ai grupului de la Roma&quot;] [Exclusive interview with Calin Georgescu, one of the European leaders of the Club of Rome] interview by Lidia Moise, TVR, 18 March 2011. - in Romanian
*Despre soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată a țării [Keys to country's immediate economic revival], interview by Dr. Alex Todericiu, 15 December 2010, Wall Street, [http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Economie/96663/INTERVIU-Calin-Georgescu-Despre-solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-a-tarii.html INTERVIU - Calin Georgescu: Despre solutii pentru o relansare economica imediata a tarii] (in Romanian).
*&quot;Poporul român va dainui, criza e provocată de trufie și lacomie&quot; [The people of Romania will endure. Vanity and greed got us into crisis.], interview by Irina Ursu and Lucian Hainăroșie, 16 November 2010, www.ziare.com, [http://www.ziare.com/social/romani/calin-georgescu-poporul-roman-va-dainui-criza-e-provocata-de-trufie-si-lacomie-interviu-ziare-com-1055795 Calin Georgescu: Poporul roman va dainui, criza e provocata de trufie si lacomie - Interviu] (in Romanian).
*&quot;Sunt oameni pregătiţi să-şi dedice viaţa reconstruirii acestei ţări&quot; [We have people who are willing to serve the country] by Anca Hriban and Roland Cătălin Pena, 29 October 2010, Ziua Veche, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments |date=2010-11-30 }} (in Romanian).
*”Călin Georgescu: ''România nu este aceasta''” [Călin Georgescu: ''This is not Romania''], interview by George Rădulescu, 15 October 2010, Adevărul, [http://www.adevarul.ro/la_masa_adevarului/Calin_Georgescu-_-Romania_nu_este_aceasta_0_353365205.html Călin Georgescu: „România nu este aceasta”] (in Romanian).
*VIDEO. &quot;Expertul Călin Georgescu la videochatul Adevărul: ''În patru ani, România ar putea să devină lider european''” [VIDEO The expert Călin Georgescu at Adevărul videochat: ''In four years Romania might become European leader''], 6 October 2010, Adevărul, http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Durabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html (in Romanian).
*”Măsurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi” [Austerity Measures in a Rush], interview with Călin Georgescu by Stelian Negrea, Financiarul, 15 June 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620030447/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_46290/calin-georgescu-masurile-de-austeritate-sunt-luate-pe-genunchi.html Calin Georgescu: „Masurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi“ | Interviu] (in Romanian).
*”N-am văzut încă o gândire coerentă pentru repornirea motoarelor economiei” [No Coherent Thinking on Restarting the Economic Engine], interview with Călin Georgescu by Cristian Andrei, Puterea, 13 May 2010, [http://www.puterea.ro/news1878/N-am-vazut-inca-o-gandire-coerenta-pentru-repornirea-motoarelor-economiei.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ] (in Romanian).
*”Mergeți la drum cu profesioniștii!” [Go along with the Professionals], article by Călin Georgescu, Foreign Policy România, September/October 2009; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 Profesional » Blog Archive » Mergeti la drum cu profesionistii! - Blogul Alianței Profesioniștilor pentru Progres] (in Romanian).
*”Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România” [The Professionals Close Ranks for Romania], interview with Călin Georgescu, Jurnalul Național, 9 July 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502043722/http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/profesionistii-strang-randurile-pentru-romania-514091.html “Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România”] (in Romanian).
*”Reprofesionalizarea României” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth], interview with Călin Georgescu by Cristian Banu, Cadran Politic, No 67, 2009,  [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309175424/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 Cadran politic - Revista lunara de analiza si informare politica] (in Romanian).
*”Incompetenţa generează corupţia” [Incompetence Breeds Corruption], interview with Călin Georgescu by Ovidiu Nahoi, Adevărul, 9 December 2008, http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-coruptia_0_25197567.html (in Romanian).

=== Akụkọ Mgbasa ozi ===

*[http://www.activenews.ro/stiri-politic/Afirmatii-fara-precedent-facute-in-direct-la-Televiziunea-Nationala-Romania-nu-mai-este-un-stat-ci-o-corporatie-condusa-de-straini.-In-ultimii-26-ani-Romania-a-pierdut-peste-UN-TRILION-de-euro-mai-mult-decat-a-pierdut-de-la-Stefan-cel-Mare-pana-n-89-138517 &quot;Romania nu mai este un stat, ci o corporatie condusa de straini&quot;], 22 November 2016 - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 &quot;Motivatia: Romania&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 |date=2018-01-04 }}, 1 September 2014 - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20220625103655/https://csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html „O soluție pentru ieșirea din criză: dezvoltarea durabilă”] [A way out of the crisis: sustainable development], an article by Green Revolution Association, 9 November 2010, CSR Romania. - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea ”România după-criză. Reprofesionalizarea”] [Romania after the Crisis. Reshaping Professional Worth], by Dumitru Constantin, 12 October 2010, Cotidianul. -in Romanian
*”Reprofesionalizarea României: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric și Dumitru Costin” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric and Dumitru Costin], by I.Culianu, Wordpress, 23 June 2010, [http://culianu.wordpress.com/2010/06/23/reprofesionalizarea-romaniei-calin-georgescu-dan-puric-si-dumitru-costin-2/ Reprofesionalizarea Romaniei: Calin Georgescu, Dan Puric si Dumitru Costin].
*”Desemnarea unui reprezentant al României în funcţia de Raportor special ONU” [Appointment of a Romanian Representative as UN Special Rapporteur], Press release, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bucharest, 21 June 2010, http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&amp;id=44086&amp;idlnk=2&amp;cat=4.
*”Pledoarie pentru competenţă, distributism şi economie civică” [A Plea for Competence, Distributive Growth and Civic Economy] by Ovidiu Hurduzeu, 18 June 2010, http://atreiafortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-pledoarie-pentru-competenta.html.
*”Reprofesionalizarea României - lansarea unui proiect naţional” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth: Launch of a National Project], by Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, No 67, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&amp;title=%3FReprofesionalizarea.
*”Anii vacilor slabe” [The Lean Years], by Emil Hurezeanu, Cotidianul, 6 March 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050731/http://old.cotidianul.ro/anii_vacilor_slabe-79.html.
*”Formarea elitelor profesionale—soluția pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a României” [Training of Professional Elites: The Solution for Sustainable Development], EurActiv, 3 March 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054035/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html.
*”L’IPID a lancé le volume La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie”, Investir en Roumanie, 29 February 2008, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070040/http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html Investir en Roumanie : L’IPID a lancé le volume &quot;La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie&quot; - actualités économiques et opportunités d'affaires en Roumanie].
*”Pentru reprofesionalizarea României e nevoie de proiecte solide” [To Bring Back Professionalism Romania Needs Good Projects], EurActiv, 12 October 2006, https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054051/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mgbakọ ndị otu mba Africa nke iri na asaa</title>
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      <text bytes="8036" sha1="oib0nqwt5r91yl1z287mru39utss118" xml:space="preserve">{{merge|Ordinary African Union Summit nke Iri na asaa}}
{{Databox}}E mere '''nzukọ''' nke iri na asaa nke African Union Summit na 28 June 2011 ruo 1 July 2011 na Malabo, isi obodo [[Equatorial Guinea]].  Na mgbakwunye na nzuko nke ndị isi obodo AU, nzuko AU na Malabo gụnyere nnọkọ nkịtị nke iri na itoolu nke Council Executive na nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke kọmitii ndị nnọchiteanya na-adịgide adịgide (PRC).

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Na Jenụwarị 2011, Onye isi ala Equatorial Guinea Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo mere ntuli aka ịbụ onye isi oche nke otu African Union bụ onye buru ya ụzọ mara ọkwa Onye isi ala [[Human trafficking in Malawi|Malawi]] Bingu wa Mutharika.  N'okpuru iwu AU, ndị ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke otu a na-atụgharị kwa afọ n'etiti mpaghara mpaghara ise nke Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mike Cohen and William Davison|title=Equatorial Guinea President Named African Union Head; Rights Groups Object|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-30/equatorial-guinea-s-obiang-named-head-of-african-union-update1-.html|work=Bloomberg News|date=2011-01-30|accessdate=2011-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Na mkpebi a nakweere na ngwụcha nzukọ nke iri na isii ha, ndị isi ala na gọọmentị kwuru na ndị minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke Afrịka ga-ezukọ na isi obodo [[Equatorial Guinea]], Malabo, na 26-27 June 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU Summit: Equatorial Guinea to host next AU summit|url=http://www.panapress.com/AU-Summit--Equatorial-Guinea-to-host-next-AU-summit--12-756029-20-lang2-index.html|work=Press Release|publisher=Panapress|accessdate=27 June 2011|date=31 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;  N'ịbụ nke e mere n'okpuru isiokwu: &quot;Ịkwado ike ndị ntorobịa maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide&quot;, Nzukọ Nzukọ nke Summit nke African Union malitere na Thursday June 23, 2011, na [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|Nzukọ]] Nzọụkwụ nke 22 nke Kọmitii Ndị Nnọchiteanya Na-adịgide Adịgide (PRC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kabeera|first=Eric|title=African Union Summit to Focus on Youth Empowerment|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201106240232.html|work=Story|publisher=AllAfrica|accessdate=26 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe obibi ==
Ndị nnọchiteanya nọ na nnọkọ ahụ nọrọ na &quot;obodo&quot; nke e wuru maka ebumnuche, nke dị ka Human Rights Watch si kwuo, e wuru ya na $ 830 nde, nke dị nkeji 20 site na Malabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afrik-news.com/article19233.html|title=Equatorial Guinea: Abuses Ahead of AU Summit|publisher=Afrik-news.com|date=2011-06-23|accessdate=2012-01-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị 20 nkeji si Malabo.  Ihe mgbagwoju anya gụnyere &quot;ụlọ obibi ndị isi ala okomoko 52, ụlọ ọgbakọ ogbako, osimiri artificial, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ okomoko na ebe egwuregwu golf mbụ nwere oghere iri na asatọ&quot; yana &quot;ebe ọdịda, heliport, ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ maka oriri na ihe omume&quot;.  Ndị NGO katọrọ mmepe ahụ, na-akpọ ya &quot;ihe na-ezighi ezi&quot; maka gọọmentị, na-atụle nkezi ego ndị mmadụ na Equatorial Guinea dị n'okpuru $ 1 kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=David Smith in Johannesburg|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/07/equatorial-guinea-luxury-resort-sipopo|title=Equatorial Guinea builds luxury resort for week-long summit|publisher=The Guardian|date=2011-06-07|accessdate=2012-01-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị nnọchi anya AU ==
 

=== Ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ ===
Na ọkpụkpọ òkù nke African Citizens and Diaspora Organisation Directorate nke African Union Commission (CIDO), òtù ndị a nwere ọkwa ndị na-ekiri maka nnọkọ nkịtị nke iri na itoolu nke Council Executive na 17th Nnọkọ Nzukọ nke African Union:
 

== Nzukọ nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke Kọmitii Ndị Nnọchiteanya Na-adịgide Adịgide (PRC) ==
Emere n'okpuru isiokwu: &quot;Accelerating Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot;, Nzukọ nkịtị nke Summit nke African Union malitere Tọzdee June 23, 2011, ya na nnọkọ nkịtị nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke kọmitii ndị nnọchiteanya na-adịgide adịgide (PRC).  Ndị nnọchi anya mba ndị otu AU zutere 23–24 Jun 2011 na nnọkọ nkịtị nke iri abụọ na abụọ ha.  N'ebe ahụ, ha na-ekerịta echiche na akụkọ nke ndị obere kọmitii PRC, mmefu ego na ego gbasara atụmatụ mmefu ego maka 2012, na ọnọdụ nke mmejuputa iwu na iwu ndị ọrụ AU ọhụrụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;kabeera1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kabeera|first=Eric|title=AU Summit to Focus On Youth Empowerment|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201106240232.html|accessdate=27 June 2011|work=AllAfrica|date=24 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nzukọ nke iri na itoolu nke ndị isi oche ==
Nzukọ nkịtị nke iri na itoolu nke Council Executive gụnyere ndị Minista na-ahụ maka Mpụga bụ ndị tụgharịrị uche na akụkọ dị iche iche nke nzukọ ndị minista nke AU Commission haziri n'ime ọnwa isii gara aga.  Ndị isi oche gara n'ihu na nhọpụta nke otu onye so na African Union Commission on International Law (AUCIL) na mmadụ ise nke African Commission on Human and People's' Rights (ACHPR).&lt;ref name=&quot;kabeera1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kabeera|first=Eric|title=AU Summit to Focus On Youth Empowerment|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201106240232.html|accessdate=27 June 2011|work=AllAfrica|date=24 June 2011}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;  N'oge mkparịta ụka ahụ, ndị Minista tụlere akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị otu African Union ndị a:

* Kọmitii Ndị Ọkachamara nke Afrịka na Ikike na Ahụike nke Nwatakịrị (ACERWC)
* Nzukọ omebe iwu Pan-African (PAP)
* African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR)
* [[African Union Advisory Board on Corruption|Kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke African Union na nrụrụ aka]]
* African Union Commission on International Law (AUCIL)
* Nzukọ Ezumezu nke ECOSOCC

=== Ndị isi ala ===
Ndị isi steeti gbakọtara site na 30 June - 1 July 2011 na Malabo iji nabata mkpebi na aro nke 19th Ordinary Session of the Executive Council yana nkwupụta nke nzukọ ahụ.  Ndị isi oche kwekọrịtakwara na ụbọchị na ebe nnọkọ nke iri na asatọ nke Nzukọ nke Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;kabeera1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kabeera|first=Eric|title=AU Summit to Focus On Youth Empowerment|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201106240232.html|accessdate=27 June 2011|work=AllAfrica|date=24 June 2011}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Tupu nzukọ ahụ, Onye isi ala Naijiria [[Goodluck Jonathan]] gwara Bloomberg's Franz Wild banyere ebumnuche ya iso ndị nnọchi anya AU si Algeria kwurịta usoro iheomume maka iwu paịpụ gas gafere Sahara iji buru gas gaa Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wild|first=Franz|title=Nigerian, Algerian Presidents to Meet on Sahara Gas Pipeline|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-29/nigerian-algerian-presidents-to-meet-on-sahara-gas-pipeline-1-.html|accessdate=2 July 2011|work=Bloomberg|date=29 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Otu n'ime mkpebi ndị isi African Union mere bụ ịtụ aro nkwekọrịta nkwụsị ọkụ na [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia n'etiti gọọmentị Libya na ndị nnupụisi Libya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lewis|first=David|title=African Union offers to host Libya ceasefire talks|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-au-idUSTRE76060Z20110701|accessdate=2 July 2011|work=Reuters|date=1 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ maka Libya kpọrọ ndị na-ahụ maka udo mba ụwa ka ha nyochaa nkwụsị ọkụ ahụ ma rịọ Kansụl Nchebe nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu ka ha wepụ ihe onwunwe Libya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wild|first=Franz|title=Libyan Rebels Accept African Peace Plan|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-02/libyan-rebels-accept-african-union-peace-talk-plan-that-excludes-qaddafi.html|accessdate=2 July 2011|work=Bloomberg|date=3 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhefW9tl8U0 Vidio AFP: Nzukọ nke African Union nke Libya na-achị]</text>
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    <title>Dobara (nri ndi Algeria)</title>
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|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn&quot; id=&quot;4&quot; |&lt;span&gt;Dobara&lt;/span&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:DobaraAlgerienne.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Dobara served with bread , in [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]].&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.15em;
               padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Alternative names
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Dobara soup, Doubara
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.15em;
               padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Course
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Main course, side dish
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.15em;
               padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Place of origin
| class=&quot;infobox-data country-name&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Algeria]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.15em;
               padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Ihe ndị bụ isi e ji mee ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data ingredient&quot; |Chickpeas
|}
'''Dobara''' bụ ofe nke ndi obodo Algeria na-eri akwụkwọ nri na-atọ ụtọ, nke e ji chickpeas ya na agwa sara mbara mee ma jiri mmanụ oliv mee ka ọ dị mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; O sitere n'obodo Biskra di na [[Algeria]], a na-eri ya n'oge oyi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ, ọkachasị na El Oued, Batna, Khenchela, Aïn M'lila, Constantine na Djelfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Accueil|url=https://www.infosoir.com/|accessdate=2022-11-07|work=Infosoir.com|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E kere Dobara tupu mmalite nke esemokwu obodo Algeria, ọ mechara bụrụ nri nke ndị agha Algeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009|title=Doubara, le roi des mets…|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/19679|accessdate=2022-11-07|work=Djazairess|archivedate=2022-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107175441/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/19679}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oriri ya sitere na mpaghara Zibans na Aurès ruo na Batna, mgbe ahụ gaa An M'lila na Constantine, yana obodo ndị ọzọ dị na Algeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009|title=Une brèche pour la doubara|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/23464|accessdate=2022-11-07|work=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbanwe dị iche iche ==
E nwekwaziri  ọtụtụ ụdị dobara: ọkụ maọbụ oyi, ihe ndị e ji mee ya nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na mpaghara.</text>
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    <title>Njikọ Ọhụrụ maka Usoro E-School nke Africa</title>
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      <text bytes="10274" sha1="k05cnxveccp9ulttdn0dfepkabka7l4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}A na-etinye New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program dị ka ụzọ isi nye ngwá ọrụ ICT dị ka kọmputa na ohere ịntanetị na ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na mba ndị otu n'ime mmemme New Partnership maka mmepe Africa (NEPAD).&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=e-Africa Commission|date=n.d.|title=NEPAD e-Schools Initiative|url=http://www.nba.co.za/sites/default/files/Chapter%201_Introduction.pdf|journal=E-Africa Commission NEPAD}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị nne na nna NEPAD bụ mmemme E-School na bụ mmemme akụ na ụba nke chọrọ iweta mmepe akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mba Africa ma hụ na 'mmeghari ohuru nke Africa'..&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; E-School Program malitere na Demonstration Projects ma melitewanye ma ka na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ mba, na-eche ma nkatọ na nkwado ihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Farrell, Glenn|date=2007|title=The NEPAD e-Schools Demonstration Project: A Work in Progress, A Public Report|url=http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_355.pdf|journal=Commonwealth of Learning, InfoDev}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite na ebumnuche ==
E mepụtara mmemme E-School na 2003 na African Economic Summit. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ inye kọmputa, ohere ịntanetị, na teknụzụ ozi na nkwukọrịta ndị ọzọ (ICT) na ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị n'Africa n'ime afọ iri, n'okpuru nkwekọrịta NEPAD.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ebumnuche bụ isi nke mmemme a bụ ịgbasa ikike ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ịmụta ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ site na njikọ ịntanetị na ohere teknụzụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/april-2007/internet-enriches-learning-rural-uganda|title=Internet enriches learning in rural Uganda {{!}} Africa Renewal|author=Madamombe|first=Itai|date=April 2007|work=www.un.org|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche bụ ikpuchi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị niile n'ime afọ 5 nke mmalite mmejuputa iwu yana ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị niile n'ime afọ 10, ngụkọta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ 600,000.  Nke a bụ atụmatụ iji nyekwuo nhatanha na ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'ofe ụlọ akwụkwọ Africa.  Ihe omume a na-eme nke a site n'iweta usoro eji eme ihe n'ebe ọzọ, ICT, iji nyekwuo ohere agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụaka Africa ịga nke ọma.  Ụlọ akwụkwọ NEPAD dị iche na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị NEPAD n'ihi na ha nwere njikọ dị elu nke ICT, na-enye ụmụaka ohere ohere maka ọganihu agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Is NEPAD an effective development organisation?|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2011/10/26/is-nepad-an-effective-development-organisation/|author=Morbi|first=Joseph|date=October 26, 2011|work=E-International Relations|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na World Economic Forum Africa Summit na Cape Town, a mara ọkwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ ga-erite uru site na mmemme ahụ ga-abụ Bugulumbya Secondary School na obodo Busobya, [[Uganda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Nepad e-school to launch in Uganda|url=https://www.itweb.co.za/content/KWEBb7y8bwWvmRjO|author=Staff Writer for HP|date=2005-05-31|work=ITWeb|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2020-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ ngosi ===
Nzọụkwụ mbụ n'imejuputa mmemme E-School okike nke 'Ngosipụta Ngosipụta' bụ iji ghọta ụzọ kachasị dị irè na ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke enwere ike ịmalite na usoro mmejuputa ya.  Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ọrụ ndị a bụ igosi &quot;ọnụahịa, uru, ịdị mma na ihe ịma aka nke netwọk satịlaịtị&quot; nke a ga-emejuputa n'okpuru mmemme a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọrụ ndị a bụ ndị &quot;ndị mmekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye&quot; duziri... AMD, Cisco, HP, Microsoft na Oracle&quot;. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị a nwere 'consortia' nke nwere ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na mbido ahụ.

Ụlọ akwụkwọ isii sitere na mba iri na isii nke Afrịka sonyere na ọrụ ngosi ndị a, mana ụfọdụ (Kenya, [[Ghana]], Rwanda) nwere ọtụtụ itinye ego na mmemme ha karịa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Ihe ngosi ngosi bu naanị otu afọ mana o chere ihe ịma aka ihu, na-ebute ndọtị.  Ebumnuche nke oru ngo a bụ ịchọpụta 'omume kachasị mma' nke mmejuputa mmemme yana otu esi eme ya nke ọma.  Ihe ngosi a mere na mba 16 gụnyere: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, [[Gabon]], Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Mauritius, [[Mozambique]], Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa na Uganda.  Ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị tinyere aka na mmemme ngosi ahụ nwekwara ike iji ICT mee ihe n'oge n'oge ule mbụ nke ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe ndị ọzọ e mere ===

==== Kenya ====
E nweela mmejuputa nke mmemme NEPAD E-School na [[Kenya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ayere, M|date=May 2010|title=E-learning in secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case of the NEPAD E-schools|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ887342|journal=Educational Research Review|volume=5|issue=5|pages=220}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu nnyocha e mere iji tụnyere ohere mmụta na ihe onwunwe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị NEPAD na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-abụghị NEPAD na Kenya.  N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, usoro nke njikọta nke Ozi na Kọmputa Teknụzụ (ICT) enyere na ihe ịga nke ọma n'ofe mpaghara isii na Kenya.  Ndị nyocha ahụ ahọrọla ụlọ akwụkwọ isii nke ụdị ọ bụla (NEPAD na ndị na-abụghị NEPAD) wee jiri ajụjụ nyochaa ọkwa nke ịga nke ọma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'oge gara aga nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.  Ha chọpụtara na e-learning enweela ihe ịga nke ọma na ntinye akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ NEPAD ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi na E-Schools nwere nkwado ndị nkuzi ka mma n'iji e-learning karịa ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị NEPAD.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;

==== Rwanda ====
[[Rwanda]] ahụla uto na mmemme ụlọ akwụkwọ ha n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga. Tụkwasị na nke a, Rwanda bụ otu n'ime mba ndị natara ICT n'okpuru 'Demonstration Project' na 2006 nke nyere ohere iji teknụzụ ọhụrụ mee ihe na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eto eto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mastercardfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/SEA-Teacher-Preparation-and-Support-Case-Study-Rwanda.pdf|title=Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa Teacher Preparation and Support Case study: Rwanda|author=Uwase, Jost|date=March 2019|accessdate=2023-06-10|archivedate=2023-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321042753/http://mastercardfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/SEA-Teacher-Preparation-and-Support-Case-Study-Rwanda.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mana, otu nnyocha na-eji ihe atụ sitere na Rwanda iji kwuo na ebumnuche nke mmemme e-schools emezughị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39670918.pdf|title=Policy Insights From an Assessment of NEPAD E-Schools in Rwanda|author=Karangwa|first=Eugene|date=January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha a na-ekwu maka enweghị ike nke mba ahụ iji kwado mmemme dị oke ọnụ na mba nwere akụrụngwa na-emepe emepe. Ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na-esiri ike iji ICTs nke mmemme E-School nyere n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ihi enweghị ego, ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi, na ihe ọmụma banyere ICTs n'onwe ha.

== Nkatọ na nzọụkwụ ndị ọzọ ==
Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2012, ọ dịghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu e mere maka ebumnuche nke E-School Program.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.integrallc.com/2012/03/30/where-is-the-nepad-e-school-initiative-now/|title=Where is the NEPAD e-School Initiative Now?|date=2012-03-30|work=Integra LLC|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba ndị nwere ntinye ego mbụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ha site na mmemme a ahụla nke ọma na mmemme ahụ.  Ọtụtụ mba ka na-arụ ọrụ iji mejuputa mmemme a na iji teknụzụ ICT ọhụrụ na sistemụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ha mana ha na-ahụtakarị ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ, dị ka ekwuru n'elu, n'ụzọ ha. Oh

Mba ndị dara ogbenye n'Africa anaghị enwe ike itinye ego zuru ezu n'ime mmemme ahụ iji mee mgbanwe n'ezie. Ihe omume ahụ dị oke ọnụ ma ọtụtụ mba dị n'Africa enweghị ego zuru ezu ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa iji tinye ego zuru oke na mmemme ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39670918.pdf|title=Policy Insights From an Assessment of NEPAD E-Schools in Rwanda|author=Karangwa|first=Eugene|date=January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a bụ ikpe na Rwanda, nke na-enweghị ike iji ihe onwunwe nke mmemme ahụ mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

A naghị ele mmemme ahụ anya dị ka ọdịda mana ọ na-eche ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi ihu na mmejuputa ya, nke a na-ahụkarị na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;/&gt; N'ime nnyocha a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu nke e mere na Kenya, ndị na-eme nchọpụta chọpụtara na otu n'ime nnukwu ọdịda nke mmejuputa ICT n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ Afrịka bụ enweghị nkwado na ihe onwunwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt; A na-enye ndị nkuzi ọzụzụ teknụzụ n'ozuzu site na mmemme a. Otú ọ dị, ha anaghị enwekarị nzaghachi ọzụzụ ọzọ ozugbo ọzụzụ a zuru ezu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.itweb.co.za/content/6GxRKqYDxKWMb3Wj|title=SA's first Nepad e-schools on the way|author=Moeng|first=Bontle|date=2005-11-10|work=ITWeb|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2020-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike idozi nke a site na itinyekwu ego na akụrụngwa agụmakwụkwọ n'ogo kachasị dị ka ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi na ego ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ akatọkwala maka nkwado ihe ngosi ngosi nke mmemme a.  Otú ọ dị, iji luso nke a ọgụ, ọrụ ahụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ n'onwe ha arụwo ọrụ iji mepụta atụmatụ nkwado maka mmemme ahụ na tweak ihe ndị dị mkpa nke atụmatụ.  Atụụrụ nke a n'akwụkwọ mpịakọta mbụ nke ihe ngosi iji nye nzọụkwụ ọzọ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ E-ụlọ akwụkwọ..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Njikọ Ọhụrụ Maka Mmepe Africa|Njikọ Ọhụrụ maka Mmepe Africa (NEPAD)]]
* [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|Njikọ Afrịka]]

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Gillian Merron</title>
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      <text bytes="9901" sha1="4wctvmhkqmtibvaeunsfhqwycixg4i9" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Gillian Merron, September 2009 5 cropped.jpg|thumb|Gillian Merron]]{{Databox}}
'''Gillian Joanna''' Merron, Baroness Merron ( (amụrụ 12 Eprel 1959) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain na onye ọgbọ ndụ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Board of Deputies of British Jew kemgbe 2014. Onye otu Labour Party, ọ bụ onye na-ekwuchitere onyinyo nke ahụike na ahụike. Nlekọta mmekọrịta kemgbe 2021. Ọ bụbu onye otu nzuko omeiwu (MP) maka Lincoln site na 1997 ruo 2010 wee nwee ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ minista na gọọmentị Blair na Brown.

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ya ==
A mụrụ Merron na Ilford, Essex site na ezinụlọ ndị Juu, wee gụ akwụkwọ na Wanstead High School na Wanstead na ọwụwa anyanwụ [[London]].  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nchịkwa Mahadum Lancaster, na-enweta BSc (Hons) na Science Management.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọchịchị ime obodo na dịka onye ọrụ otu NUPE (nke mechara UNISON)..

.Merron sonyeere Labour Party na 1984. Tupu aghọọ onye omeiwu, Merron bụ osote onye isi oche nke ngalaba Labour Party na mpaghara. Ọ chịkọtara mkpọsa nke etiti mpaghara onyinyo onyinyo na ntuli aka izugbe 1992 na ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu Europe 1994.

== Ọrụ nke omeiwu ==
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Labour blow as all-women lists outlawed|first=John|author=Rentoul|authorlink=|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/labour-blow-as-allwomen-lists-outlawed-1323046.html|work=The Independent|date=9 January 1996|accessdate=10 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emere Merron ka ọ bụrụ onye ndoro-ndoro omeiwu (PPC) site na ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị niile, [2] wee họpụta ya na House of Commons na Mee 1997 yana ọtụtụ 11,130.  Site na Julaị 1998 ruo Julaị 1999, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ omeiwu nkeonwe (PPS) nye Doug Henderson dị ka onye minista steeti maka ndị agha na, site na Julaị 1999 ruo June 2001, ọ bụ PPS ruo Baroness Symons dị ka Minister of State for Defence Procurement.

Site na June 2001 ruo Ọktoba 2002, Merron jere ozi dị ka PPS nye John Reid dịka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka Northern Ireland.  Site na Ọktoba 2002 ruo Mee 2006, ọ bụ ụtarị gọọmentị ma bụrụkwa Lord Commissioner of Treasury site na Disemba 2004. Na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2005, ọnụ ọgụgụ ya bụ 4,613.

A họpụtara Merron na Ngalaba Ụgbọ njem na Mee 2006, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo mgbe mgbanwe ahụ na 29 June 2007, mgbe ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ndị omeiwu maka ụlọ ọrụ Cabinet na onye ozi mbụ nke East Midlands.

N'ịgbaso arụkwaghịm nke Peter Hain na 24 Jenụwarị 2008, a gbanwegharịrị Merron ọzọ, bụrụ onye omeiwu n'okpuru odeakwụkwọ steeti na ngalaba maka mmepe mba ụwa, hapụrụ ọrụ abụọ ya gara aga.  N'ịgbaso ngbanwe Gordon Brown na-esote na 5 October 2008, a kpọgara Merron na Ụlọọrụ Ofesi na Ọfịs Commonwealth.  Nkwalite nye Minista steeti maka ahụike ọha na-esote n'oge na-adịghị anya.

.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/gillian_merron/lincoln Gillian Merron MP, Lincoln (TheyWorkForYou.com)]&lt;/ref&gt;Merron soro pati ahụ pịa na votu na nha anya ikike nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke, mmachibido ịchụ nta, ụlọ ọgwụ ntọala, mmachibido iwu ise siga n'ebe ọha, agha Iraq, iwu mgbochi iji kwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe, na ''The Digital Economy Bill''.  Onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi Conservative Karl McCartney tụfuru oche ya na ntuli aka izugbe 2010.  Site na 1997 ruo 2007, mgbe Quentin Davies gbahapụrụ na Labour Party, ọ bụbu onye naanị Lincolnshire MP Labour - na nke mbụ kemgbe Margaret Beckett nwere oche site na 1974 ruo 1979.

=== Ego emefuru ===
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gillian Merron MP|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/gillian_merron/lincoln#expenses|work=TheyWorkForYou|publisher=mySociety is a project of UK Citizens Online Democracy (UKCOD). UKCOD is a registered charity in England and Wales, no. 1076346.|accessdate=12 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emefu Merron dị ka MP dị elu karịa nkezi.[4]  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu 98 ndị tozuru oke ịkwado iwu Conservative MP David Maclean iji dobe mmefu ha na akwụkwọ ozi nzuzo..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1816072.ece|work=The Times|title=How your MP voted on the FOI Bill|date=20 May 2007|accessdate=3 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/policy.php?id=996&amp;display=motions Policy #996: &quot;Transparency of Parliament&quot; — The Public Whip]&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ngụkọta mmefu a na-ekwu
!Afọ
!Ngụkọta Ọnụ Ọgụgụ
!Ọnọdụ
!site na
|-
|2001/02
|£ 94,459
|njikọ 178
|657
|-
|2002/03
|£ 123,954
|Nke 87
|657
|-
|2003/04
|£ 136,706
|Nke 55
|658
|-
|2004/05
|£ 139,854
|Nke 64
|659
|-
|2005/06
|£ 133,480
| -
| -
|-
|2006/07
|£ 144,914
|Nke 176
|645
|-
|2007/08
|£ 155,972
|Nke 172
|645
|}
.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20120913005333/http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/news/best-Lincoln/article-1091098-detail/article.html 'I will do what I always do, my best for Lincoln']&lt;/ref&gt;Na 19 June 2009, ekpughere mmefu ndị omeiwu (nke edeziri nke ukwuu) na ịntanetị.  Merron nwetara nkatọ maka ịzụrụ ihe onyonyo, igwe onyonyo, ngwa ihe nkiri ụlọ na ọtụtụ ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ.[7]  O dere na webụsaịtị ya, sị: &quot;Ọtụtụ n'ime ebubo m na-akwụ ozugbo maka ndị ọrụ ọkachamara, ụgwọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, nkwurịta okwu na ndị mejupụtara, na njem. Enweghị m ọrụ nke abụọ, anaghị m ewe ndị ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị enyi ọ bụla n'ọrụ, ma ọ bụ were m.  mmụba nke ụgwọ ọnwa ndị minista kwa afọ.&quot;. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.gillianmerron.co.uk/mps-allowances{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/feature/legal-and-constitutional/expenses-the-mps-paying-over-1k-$1357745.htm|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120919031458/http://www.politics.co.uk/feature/legal-and-constitutional/expenses-the-mps-paying-over-1k-$1357745.htm|archivedate=19 September 2012|title=Expenses: The MPs paying over £1K|publisher=politics.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'ime mkpesa mmefu ndị omeiwu [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] gasịrị, Sir Thomas Legg tụrụ aro ka Gillian Merron kwụọ £6,305.17.↵[9] Ọ kwụghachi ego a n'uju.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Justin|url=http://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/former-foreign-office-minister-appointed-lead-board/|title=Former Foreign Office minister appointed to lead the Board|work=Jewish News|date=7 May 2014|accessdate=3 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ sotere oru omeiwu ==
Kemgbe mmeri emeriri ya na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2010, Merron abụrụla onye isi oche ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala UK (nke a na-akpọbu National Federation of Bus Users).[.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Chair for Bus Users UK|url=http://www.bususers.org/news/scripts/news_story_pub.asp?StoryID=167|work=Bus Users UK website|publisher=Bus Users UK|date=4 April 2011|accessdate=23 April 2012|quote=[Gillian Merron] is now a strategic advisor to the transport industry and will be bringing new strategic direction to Bus Users UK.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101557/http://www.bususers.org/news/scripts/news_story_pub.asp?StoryID=167|archivedate=24 December 2013}},&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{As of|2012|4|23}} the name &quot;Bus Users UK&quot; appears on the official register of companies.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Rocker&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rocker|first=Simon|date=7 May 2014|title=Board of Deputies new chief executive revealed|work=The Jewish Chronicle|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/117870/board-deputies-new-chief-executive-revealed|accessdate=3 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bod.org.uk/who-we-are/meet-the-staff/|title=Chief Executive : Gillian Merron|publisher=Board of Deputies of British Jews|accessdate=3 December 2016|archivedate=2 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902032026/https://www.bod.org.uk/who-we-are/meet-the-staff/}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/102560/new-jewish-leadership-council-members|title=New Jewish Leadership Council members|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=15 February 2013|accessdate=3 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 2014, a mara ọkwa na Merron ga-abụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Board of Deputies nke ndị Juu Britain na Julaị na-esote. Kemgbe February 2013, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Kansụl ndu ndị Juu.Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka mpụga na bọọdụ Liberal Judaism site na Julaị 2012 ruo Mee 2014..&lt;ref name=&quot;Rocker2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rocker|first=Simon|url=http://www.thejc.com/community/community-life/69885/ex-mp-joins-liberal-judaism-board|title=Ex-MP joins Liberal Judaism board|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=12 July 2012|accessdate=3 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụlọ Ndị Nwenu ==
Na Disemba 2020, ekwuputara na a ga-enye Merron ndụ ndụ mgbe onye isi otu Labour Party Keir Starmer họpụtara.  Ọ nọrọ oche ya na 8 February 2021 wee kwuo okwu nwa agbọghọ ya na Mee 13 n'oge arụmụka okwu Queen nke afọ ahụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Political Peerages 2020|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/political-peerages-2020|accessdate=22 December 2020|work=Gov.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ngbanwe kabinet nke onyinyo May, a họpụtara ya na Otu Ahụike Shadow.  Na ngbanwe ụlọ ọrụ onyunyo nke November, ọ ghọrọ Minista Omenala Shadow..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rodgers|first=Sienna|title=Keir Starmer unveils new frontbench team after wider reshuffle|url=https://labourlist.org/2021/12/keir-starmer-unveils-new-frontbench-team-after-wider-reshuffle/|accessdate=2022-05-19|work=LabourList|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[Usòrò:Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ajị anụ tupu nhazi]]
[[Usòrò:Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg|thumb|Atụrụ Merino a na-akpụghị akpụ]]
[[Usòrò:Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi,_in_Ceredigion,_Wales.jpg|thumb|Atụrụ a kpụrụ akpụ]]
Ajị anụ bụ eriri akwa a na-enweta site na atụrụ na anụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị ewu, oke bekee, na camelids. Okwu ahụ nwekwara ike na-ezo aka na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, dị ka ajị ịnweta na ajị iko, nwere ihe ndị yiri ajị anụ.

Dịka eriri anụmanụ, ajị anụ nwere protein yana obere pasentị lipids. Nke a na-eme ka ọ dị iche na kemịkal dị iche na owu na eriri osisi ndị ọzọ, bụ nke kachasị cellulose.

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==
[[Usòrò:Hogget_fleece.JPG|thumb|Onye mmeri hogget fleece, Walcha Show]]
A na-emepụta ajị anụ site na follicles bụ obere mkpụrụ ndụ dị na akpụkpọ ahụ. Akpụkpọ anụ ndị a dị n'okirikiri elu nke akpụkpọ ahụ a na-akpọ epidermis ma na-agbada n'ime akpụkpọ anụ nke abụọ a na-akpọ dermis ka eriri ajị na-eto eto. Enwere ike kewaa follicles dị ka nke mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ. Akpa follicles na-emepụta ụdị eriri atọ: kemp, eriri medullated, na ezi ajị anụ. Follicles nke abụọ na-emepụta naanị eriri ajị anụ. Fiber medulated na-ekekọrịta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ njiri mara ntutu isi ma dị ogologo mana enweghị mrọ na nrị. Kemp fibers dị ezigbo njọ ma na-awụpụ.
[[Usòrò:Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg|thumb|Ajị anụ dị mma nke New Zealand Merino ajị anụ na ajị anụ a pịrị apị n'elu tebụl ajị anụ]]
Mkpụkpọ ajị anụ na-ezo aka na ebili mmiri siri ike dị na eriri ajị anụ ọ bụla dịka e gosipụtara ya na anụmanụ. Mkpụkpọ ajị anụ, na n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị nta, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịgbanye ajị anụ ahụ site n'inyere eriri ndị ahụ n'otu n'otu aka na-ejikọta ibe ha, ka ha na-anọkọ ọnụ. N'ihi crimp, ajị anụ nwere nnukwu ibu karịa textiles ndị ọzọ, na ha na-ejide ikuku, nke na-eme ka ákwà na-ejigide okpomọkụ. Ajị anụ nwere nnukwu nguzogide okpomọkụ, ya mere ọ na-egbochi nnyefe okpomọkụ n'ozuzu ya. Mmetụta a abarala ndị bi n'ọzara uru, n'ihi na Bedouins na Tuaregs na-eji uwe ajị anụ eme ihe.

Ịkpụ ajị anụ na-apụta mgbe a na-akụ hama ma ọ bụ mkpasu iwe ndị ọzọ dị ka barbs ndị dị n'elu ajị anụ na-ejikọta ọnụ. Mmetụta na-abịakarị n'okpuru akụkụ abụọ bụ isi, nkụchi obi ma ọ bụ mmetụta mmiri mmiri. Mmetụta mmiri na-apụta mgbe a na-etinye mmiri na mmanu (karịsịa alkali dị ka ncha) n'ajị anụ nke na-agbakasị ahụ ruo mgbe eriri ndị ahụ na-ejikọta ma jikọta ọnụ. Ụjọ okpomoku mgbe ọ na-agba mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri na-emesi usoro mmetụta ahụ ike. Ụfọdụ mmetụta eke nwere ike ime na azụ anụ ahụ.

Ajị anụ nwere ọtụtụ àgwà ndị na-amata ọdịiche dị na ntutu isi ma ọ bụ ajị anụ: ọ na-agbaji ma na-agbanwe.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke crimp kwekọrọ na ịdị mma nke eriri ajị anụ. Ajị dị mma dị ka Merino nwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru 40 crimps kwa centimita (100 crimps kwa inch), ebe ajị anụ dị ka karakul nwere ike ọ na-erughị otu (otu ma ọ bụ abụọ crimps kwa inch). N'ụzọ dị iche, ntutu isi nwere ntakịrị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọ dịghị crimp, na obere ike ijikọ na yarn. N'elu atụrụ, a na-akpọ akụkụ ntutu nke ajị anụ ahụ kemp. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemp na ajị anụ dị iche iche site na ụdị na-amụba ma mee ka ụfọdụ ajị anụ bụrụ ihe na-achọsi ike maka ịgbagharị, emetụ, ma ọ bụ kaadị n'ime batts maka quilts ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa mkpuchi ndị ọzọ, gụnyere akwa tweed a ma ama nke Scotland.

Ajị anụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri ngwa ngwa, ma ọ dịghị oghere. Ajị anụ nwere ike itinye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ịdị arọ ya na mmiri. Ajị anụ na-amịkọrọ ụda dị ka ọtụtụ ákwà ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-abụkarị agba ọcha na-egbuke egbuke, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụdị atụrụ na-emepụta agba eke, dị ka nwa, aja aja, ọlaọcha, na ngwakọta na-enweghị usoro.

Ajị anụ na-enwu na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa owu na ụfọdụ eriri sịntetik. Ọ nwere obere ọkụ na-agbasa, obere nkwụsị nke okpomọkụ, obere ọkụ ọkụ, ọ dịghị agbaze ma ọ bụ ntapu; ọ na-etolite cha cha nke na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpochapụ onwe ya, ọ na-etinyekwa obere ihe na gas na-egbu egbu na anwụrụ ọkụ karịa ngwaahịa ala ndị ọzọ mgbe eji ya na kapet. A na-akọwapụta kapeeti ajị anụ maka ebe nchekwa dị elu, dịka ụgbọ oloko na ụgbọ elu. A na-akọwakarị ajị anụ maka uwe maka ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ, ndị agha, na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ebe ha na-ekpughere ohere ọkụ.

Ajị anụ na-ebute mmeghachi omume nfụkasị na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ.

== Nhazi ==

=== Ịkpụ afụ ọnụ ===
[[Usòrò:Merino_shearing.jpg|thumb|Ịkpụ ụcha dị mma na Lismore, Victoria]]
Ịkpacha atụrụ bụ usoro onye ọrụ (onye na-akpacha ihe) na-ebipụ ajị anụ atụrụ. Mgbe a kpachachara ajị, klaasị ajị na-ekewa ajị anụ ahụ ụzọ anọ:

* ajị anụ (nke mejupụtara nnukwu ihe)
* gbajiri agbaji
* afọ ime
* mkpọchi

A na-ekpebi ogo nke ajị anụ site na usoro a maara dị ka nhazi ajị anụ, bụ nke onye tozuru etozu, nke a na-akpọ classer wool, na-ejikọta ajị dị iche iche nke ụdị grading ọnụ iji mee ka nloghachi nke onye ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ onye nwe atụrụ. N'Australia, tupu a ere ya, a na-atụcha ajị Merino niile maka dayameta nkezi (micron), mkpụrụ (gụnyere ọnụọgụ akwụkwọ nri), ogologo ogologo, ike siri ike, na mgbe ụfọdụ agba na ihe nkasi obi.

=== Ịsacha ===
[[Usòrò:CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg|thumb|Ajị anụ tupu na mgbe ị sachara]]
A na-akpọ ajị anụ kwụ ọtọ n'atụrụ dị ka &quot;ajị anụ&quot;, &quot;ajị anụ na-egbu egbu&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;ajị dị na griiz&quot;. Ajị a nwere nnukwu lanolin bara uru, yana akpụkpọ anụ atụrụ ahụ nwụrụ anwụ na ọsụsọ fọdụrụ, yana n'ozuzu ya nwekwara ọgwụ pesticides na ihe oriri sitere na gburugburu anụmanụ. Tupu a na-eji ajị anụ mee ihe maka azụmahịa, a ghaghị ịsacha ya, usoro nke ihicha ajị anụ ahụ. Ịcha nwere ike ịdị mfe dị ka ịsa ahụ n'ime mmiri ọkụ ma ọ bụ gbagwojuru anya dị ka usoro mmepụta ihe na-eji ncha na alkali na ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche. N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ England, a rụrụ olulu potash pụrụ iche iji mepụta ncha dị nro maka ịcha ajị ọcha na-emepụta n'ógbè ahụ.

A na-ewepụkarị ihe oriri na ajị ajị anụ site na carbonization chemical. N'ime ajị na-anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, enwere ike wepu ihe oriri site n'aka yana ụfọdụ lanolin na-emebi emebi site na iji ncha dị nro. Enwere ike iji ajị anụ griiz a rụọ ọrụ n'ime yarn wee dụkọta ya na mittens ma ọ bụ sweaters na-eguzogide mmiri, dị ka nke ndị ọkụ azụ Aran Island. A na-ejikarị Lanolin wepụrụ na ajị anụ na ngwaahịa ịchọ mma dị ka ude aka.

== Ịdị nkọ na mmepụta ==
Ajị anụ ọkụ nwere ọtụtụ adịghị ọcha; ihe oriri, ájá, unyi na nkochi ime akwa nke bụ ngwakọta nke suint (ọsụsọ), griiz, mmamịrị ntụpọ na mkpochi nsị. Ahụ atụrụ na-amịpụta ọtụtụ ụdị ajị ndị nwere ike dị iche iche, ọkpụrụkpụ, ogologo ogologo na adịghị ọcha. A na-edozi ajị anụ ahụ (greasy) ka ọ bụrụ 'n'elu'. 'Elu kacha njọ' chọrọ eriri kwụ ọtọ na nke yiri ya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Aha a na-ahụkarị
!Akụkụ nke Atụrụ
!Ụdị ajị anụ
|-
|Ọdịdị dị mma
|Akpụkpọ ụkwụ
|Ọmarịcha, otu na nke jupụtara na ya
|-
|N'ebe dị nso
|Akụkụ
|Ọmarịcha, ejiji na ike
|-
|Nkwado ala
|Olu
|Ọdịdị dị mkpirikpi na nke na-adịghị mma
|-
|Nhọrọ
|Ịlaghachi azụ
|Ihe mkpirikpi, ghere oghe na nke na-esighị ike
|-
|Abb
|Haunches
|Ihe nkedo dị ogologo, nke siri ike
|-
|Nke abụọ
|Afọ
|Ọ dị mkpụmkpụ, dị nro, na-adịghị ọcha ma dị unyi
|-
|Ihe Na-adịghị n'elu
|Isi
|Ọ siri ike, ọ siri ike, sie ike ma sie ike
|-
|Brokes
|Ụkwụ n'ihu
|Ọ dị mkpụmkpụ, na-adịghị mma na nke na-ezighị ezi
|-
|Ụgbọ ehi
|Akpụkpọ ụkwụ azụ
|Ọ siri ike, sie ike ma nwee ntutu
|-
|Britch
|Akpụkpọ ụkwụ
|Ọ bụ ihe siri ike, ọ bụ ihe siri mma ma bụrụ ihe ruru unyi
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |'''Ebe e si nweta ya''': [1]
|}
[[Usòrò:Wool_samples_2.JPG|thumb|Ụdị dị iche iche na ụcha okike nke ajị anụ, na foto e ji ajị anụ mee]]
A na-ekpebi ịdị mma nke ajị anụ site na dayameta eriri ya, crimp, mkpụrụ, agba, na ike ya. Dayameta fiber bụ otu njirimara ajị anụ kachasị mkpa nke na-ekpebi ogo na ọnụahịa.

Ajị Merino na-adịkarị 90–115 mm (3.5–4.5 in) n'ogologo ma dịkwa mma nke ukwuu (n'etiti 12 na 24 microns). Ajị anụ kachasị mma na nke bara uru sitere na Merino hoggets. Ajị a na-esi n'atụrụ a na-emepụta maka anụ na-abụkarị nke siri ike, ma nwee eriri 40–150 mm (1.5–6 na) n'ogologo. Mmebi ma ọ bụ mgbaji na ajị ahụ nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na atụrụ ahụ na-enwe nrụgide mgbe ọ na-eto n'ajị anụ ya, na-ebute ebe dị gịrịgịrị ebe ajị anụ ahụ nwere ike ịgbaji.

A na-ekewakwa ajị anụ ka ọ bụrụ akara ule dabere na nha dayameta nke ajị anụ na microns yana ụdị ya. Akara ule ndị a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na ụdị ma ọ bụ ebumnuche nke ajị anụ ahụ. Ọmụmaatụ:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ndị Merino
!Diameter na microns
!Aha ya
|-
|&lt; 15.5
|Merino dị nro&lt;ref name=&quot;AWEX w&quot;&gt;Preparation of Australian Wool Clips, Code of Practice 2010–2012, Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|15.6-18.5
|Merino Dị Mma
|-
|18.6-20
|Fine Merino&lt;ref name=&quot;AWEX w&quot; /&gt;
|-
|20.1-23
|Medium Merino
|-
|&gt; 23
|Merino siri ike&lt;ref name=&quot;AWEX w&quot; /&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ụdị
!Ụdị
!Diameter
|-
|Ịlaghachi
|21-26 microns, ọcha, 90-180 mm (3.5-7.1 in) ogologo
|-
|Ezigbo agbụrụ
|27-31 microns, Corriedales, wdg.
|-
|Mgbasa nke etiti
|32-35 micron
|-
|Nkwụsị
|23-34 microns, na-enwekarị ịma mma na ìhè. Ihe atụ, Aussiedown, Dorset Horn, Suffolk, wdg.&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Arcy&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=D'Arcy|first=John B.|title=Sheep Management &amp; Wool Technology|publisher=NSW University Press|year=1986|isbn=0-86840-106-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Mgbasa ozi siri ike
|&gt;36 microns
|-
|Akpụkpọ anụ
|35-45 micron&lt;ref name=&quot;AWEX w&quot;&gt;Preparation of Australian Wool Clips, Code of Practice 2010–2012, Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
Enwere ike iji ajị anụ ọ bụla dị mma karịa micron 25 maka uwe, ebe a na-eji akara ugo dị elu maka uwe elu ma ọ bụ akwa akwa. Ka ajị anụ dị mma, ka ọ na-adịkwu nro, ebe akara ule na-adịte aka na-adịte aka ma na-adịchaghị mfe iji ọgwụ.

Kacha mma Australian na New Zealand Merino ajị ka a maara dị ka 1PP, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ benchmark nke kacha mma maka Merino ajị 16.9 microns na mma. Ụdị a na-anọchi anya ọkwa dị elu nke ịdị mma, agwa, agba, na ụdị dị ka ekpebisiri ike na ndabere nke usoro dị iche iche dabere na iwu mbụ nke ajị Britain siri dị ka Council nke Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX) Council na-etinye. Naanị iri na abuo ole na ole n'ime nde bales a na-ere ahịa kwa afọ ka a ga-ekewa na akara 1PP.

Na United States, a na-akpọ ọkwa atọ nke ajị na Wool Products Labeling Act nke 1939. Ajị anụ bụ &quot;eriri sitere na ajị anụ atụrụ ma ọ bụ atụrụ ma ọ bụ ntutu nke ewu Angora ma ọ bụ Cashmere (ma nwee ike ịgụnye ihe a na-akpọ ọkachamara). eriri sitere na ntutu kamel, alpaca, llama, na vicuna) nke a na-enwetabeghị site na ngwaahịa ajị anụ kpara ma ọ bụ nwere mmetụta.&quot; A na-ejikwa &quot;ajị na-amaghị nwoke&quot; na &quot;ajị anụ ọhụrụ&quot; na-ezo aka na ajị anụ a na-ejighị mee ihe. E nwere ụdị abụọ nke ajị anụ ejigharịgharị (nke a na-akpọkwa ajị agbagharị ma ọ bụ ajị na-acha odo odo). &quot;Ajị anụ arụgharịrị&quot; na-akọwapụta &quot;ajị anụ nke a kpara akpa ma ọ bụ gbanye ya ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa ajị anụ wee wedata ya n'ọnọdụ fibrous na-ejighị ya n'aka ndị ahịa ya&quot;. &quot;Ajị anụ ejigharịgharị&quot; na-ezo aka n'ụdị ajị anụ nke ndị ahịa kacha jiri jiri.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke 1905 nke nwoke Tibet na-akpa ajị anụ]]
Atụrụ ọhịa nwere aji karịa ajị anụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-azụ atụrụ ihe dị ka afọ 9,000 ruo 11,000 gara aga, ihe ndekọ ihe ochie sitere na statuary dị na saịtị ndị dị na Iran na-egosi na nhọrọ maka atụrụ ajị anụ nwere ike ịmalitela ihe dị ka 6000 BC, na uwe ajị anụ mbụ e debere naanị ka puku afọ abụọ ruo atọ gachara. Ewebata atụrụ ndị na-acha uhie uhie na Europe site na nso East na mmalite nke narị afọ nke anọ BC. Ajị anụ Europe kacha ochie ama ama, c. 1500 BC, echekwara ya n'ime igbe Danish. Tupu e mepụtachaa ịkwa osisi—ma eleghị anya n’oge Iron Age—eji aka ma ọ bụ mbo ọla kpụrụ ajị anụ ahụ. N'oge ndị Rom, ajị, linin, na akpụkpọ anụ na-eyi ndị bi na Europe uwe; owu si India bụ ihe na-agụsi agụụ ike nke nanị ndị ọkà n'okike nụrụ ya, na silk, ndị e si China na-ebubata n'okporo ụzọ Silk, bụ ngwá ahịa okomoko dị oke egwu. Pliny the Elder dekọtara na Natural History ya na aha ọma maka imepụta ajị kachasị mma bụ ndị Tarentum nwere mmasị na ya, ebe ozuzu oke amịpụtala atụrụ nwere ajị anụ dị elu, mana nke chọrọ nlekọta pụrụ iche.

N'oge ochie, ka njikọ azụmahịa na-agbasawanye, ihe ngosi Champagne na-atụgharị anya na mmepụta akwa ajị anụ na obere ebe dị ka Provins. Netwọk nke mmemme mmemme a na-eme kwa afọ mepụtara pụtara na woolens nke Provins nwere ike ịchọta ụzọ ha na Naples, Sicily, Saịprọs, Majorca, Spain, na ọbụna Constantinople. Azụmahịa ajị anụ malitere ịghọ azụmahịa siri ike, ihe na-emepụta ego. Na narị afọ nke 13, ịzụ ahịa ajị anụ ghọrọ injin akụ na ụba nke mba ndị dị ala na etiti Italy. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị narị afọ nke 14, [[Italy|Ịtali]] na-achị. The Florentine wool guild, Arte della Lana, zigara ajị anụ Bekee e webatara na San Martino convent maka nhazi. A na-edozi ajị Italian sitere na Abruzzo na ajị merino Spanish na ụlọ ọrụ Garbo. Ajị anụ Abruzzo bụbu ihe kachasị enweta maka ndị otu Florentine, ruo mgbe mmekọrịta dị mma na ndị ahịa na Iberia mere ka ajị merino dị. Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke 16 mbupụ ajị Italy na Levant agbadala, mechaa jiri mmepụta silk dochie ya.

Ọnụ ahịa nke mbupụ nke ajị anụ ọhịa bekee bụ naanị ụzọ atụrụ nke narị afọ nke 15 nke Castile na-enweta ego ma bụrụ nnukwu ego na-akpata ego na okpueze Bekee, nke na 1275 tinyere ụtụ isi mbupụ na ajị a na-akpọ &quot;Great Custom&quot;. Enwere ike ịhụ mkpa nke ajị anụ na akụ na ụba Bekee n'eziokwu na kemgbe narị afọ nke 14, onye isi oche nke Ụlọ ndị nwe ụlọ nọ ọdụ na &quot;Woolsack&quot;, oche jupụtara na ajị anụ.

E hiwere nnukwu ego n'ụlọ ndị Cistercian, bụ́ ndị kpakọbara nnukwu ala n'ime narị afọ nke 12 na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 13, bụ́ mgbe ọnụ ahịa ala dị ala, ọrụ ka dịkwa ụkọ. A na-esi n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri North Sea ebubata ajị anụ na-esi na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'obodo ndị dị na Flanders, karịsịa Ypres na Ghent, bụ ebe a na-esiji ya ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka akwa. N'oge nke Black Death, English textile industries riri ihe dị ka 10% nke English ajị anụ. Azụmahịa textile nke Bekee toro na narị afọ nke 15, ruo n'ókè ebe a na-enwe nkụda mmụọ mbupụ nke ajị anụ. N'ime narị afọ ndị gafeworonụ, iwu dị iche iche nke Britain na-achịkwa ahịa ajị anụ ma ọ bụ na-achọ ka a na-eji ajị anụ eme ihe ọbụna n'ili. Ịchụpụ ajị anụ ná mba ahụ, bụ́ nke a maara dị ka ikwiikwii, bụ otu mgbe a tara ntaramahụhụ site n'ebipụ aka. Mgbe Mweghachi ahụ gasịrị, ọmarịcha woolen Bekee malitere ịsọ mpi na silk n'ahịa mba ụwa, nke ndị ọrụ njem ụgbọ mmiri na-enyere aka; na 1699, okpueze England machibidoro ndị America ya ka ha na onye ọ bụla na-ere ajị anụ ma e wezụga England n'onwe ya.

Otutu uru nke akwa woolen dị na agba na imecha ngwaahịa a kpara akpa. Na nke ọ bụla n'ime ebe a na-ere ahịa textiles, usoro mmepụta ihe bịara kewaa n'ime nchịkọta azụmahịa, nke onye ọchụnta ego na-elekọta ya na usoro nke Bekee na-akpọ usoro &quot;putting-out&quot;, ma ọ bụ &quot;ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ&quot;, na Verlagssystem nke ndị Germany. N'ime usoro a na-emepụta akwa ajị anụ, mgbe ọ na-adịgide na mmepụta Harris tweeds, onye ọchụnta ego na-enye ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ọganihu, ndị fọdụrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ mgbe a na-ebuga ngwaahịa ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ederede jikọtara ndị ọrụ aka na usoro akọwapụtara. Fernand Braudel na-enyocha ọdịdị nke usoro ahụ na ọganihu akụ na ụba nke narị afọ nke 13, na-ehota akwụkwọ nke 1275. Usoro ahụ kwụsịrị mmachi nke ndị guilds nke ọma.

Tupu ifuru nke Renaissance, Medici na nnukwu ụlọ akụ ndị ọzọ nke Florence ewulitela akụ na ụba ha na usoro ụlọ akụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwa ha dabere na ajị anụ, nke Arte della Lana na-ahụ maka ya, ajị ajị anụ: ọdịmma ajị anụ na-eduzi atumatu Florentine. Francesco Datini, &quot;onye ahịa nke Prato&quot;, guzobere na 1383 Arte della Lana maka obere obodo Tuscan ahụ. Ọ bụ ọgbakọ Mesta nke ndị nwe atụrụ na-achịkwa okporo ụzọ atụrụ nke Castile. Ha kpụrụ ala ala na akụ nke meseta nke dị n'ime obi nke Iberian peninsula; na narị afọ nke 16, Spain jikọtara ọnụ kwere ka mbupụ nke ụmụ atụrụ Merino naanị site na ikike eze. Ahịa ajị anụ German - dabere na atụrụ sitere na Spanish - agafeghị ajị Britain ruo n'oge atụnyere ya. Ka e mesịrị, mgbanwe mmepụta ihe webatara nkà na ụzụ mmepụta ihe n'ime ajị anụ na n'ichepụta akwa ajị anụ. Akụ na ụba nke colonial Australia gbadoro ụkwụ na ịzụ atụrụ, ahịa ajị anụ Australia mechara gafere nke ndị German ka ọ na-erule 1845, na-enye Bradford ajị anụ, bụ nke tolitere dị ka obi mmepụta woolen mepere emepe.
[[Usòrò:Sheep_club2.jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi nke oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States kwadoro na-agba ụmụaka ume ịzụ atụrụ iji nye ihe agha dị mkpa]]
N'ihi mbelata nke ọchịchọ site n'iji ụbara eriri sịntetik eme ihe, mmepụta ajị anụ dị obere karịa ka ọ dị n'oge gara aga. Mkpọda nke ọnụ ahịa ajị anụ malitere na njedebe 1966 na ọdịda 40%; na nkwụsịtụ oge ụfọdụ, ọnụahịa ahụ agbadala. Ihe si na ya pụta ebelatala mmepụta na mbugharị akụrụngwa n'imepụta ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ, n'ihe gbasara ndị na-akụ atụrụ, na-emepụta anụ.

Teknụzụ Superwash (ma ọ bụ ajị nwere ike ịsacha) pụtara na mbụ na mbido 1970 iji mepụta ajị anụ nke emerela nke ọma ka ọ bụrụ igwe a na-asacha ma nwee ike kpọọ nkụ. A na-emepụta ajị ajị a na-eji acid bat nke na-ewepụ &quot;scales&quot; na eriri, ma ọ bụ na-ekpuchi eriri ahụ na polymer nke na-egbochi akpịrịkpa ahụ iji jikọta ibe ya ma mee ka ọ dị ntakịrị. Usoro a na-ebute eriri nke na-ejide ogologo oge na ogologo oge n'elu ihe ndị sịntetik, ebe ọ na-ejigide ọdịdị ya.

Na Disemba 2004, e rere otu bale nke ajị anụ kacha mma n'ụwa n'oge ahụ, nke dị ihe dị ka micron 11.8, rere maka AU $3,000 kwa kilogram n'ọra ya na Melbourne. Anụ ajị anụ nwalere na nkezi nke 74.5%, 68 mm (2.7 in) ogologo, ma nwee ume ọhụrụ 40 kwa kilotex. Nsonaazụ bụ $279,000 maka bale. A na-ere bale kachasị mma nke ajị anụ mgbe ọ bụla maka ndekọ oge nke AU $ 2690 kwa kilo n'oge June 2008. Nke a bụ nke Hillcreston Pinehill Partnership mepụtara ma tụọ 11.6 microns, 72.1% mkpụrụ, ma nwee 43 newtons kwa kilotex ike nha. Bale ahụ nwetara $247,480 wee bupụ ya na India.

N'afọ 2007, e mepụtara uwe ọhụrụ ajị anụ na Japan nke nwere ike ịsacha na ịsa ahụ, nke na-akpọnwụkwa dị njikere iyi n'ime awa ole na ole na-enweghị ígwè chọrọ. Emepụtara uwe ahụ site na iji ajị Merino nke Australia, ọ na-emekwa ka ngwaahịa ndị e ji ajị anụ mee, dị ka uwe, uwe ogologo ọkpa, na sket, hichaa site na iji mmiri ịsa ahụ n'ụlọ.

Na Disemba 2006, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke United Nations kwupụtara 2009 ka ọ bụrụ afọ mba ụwa nke eriri eke, ka ewelite profaịlụ nke ajị anụ na eriri ndị ọzọ sitere n'okike.

== Mmepụta ==
Mmepụta ajị anụ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 2 (nde puku tọn 2.2) kwa afọ, nke 60% na-abanye na uwe. Ajị nwere ca 3% nke ahịa akwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, mana uru ya dị elu n'ihi agba agba na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ nke ihe ahụ. Ọstrelia bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ na-emepụta ajị anụ nke sitere na atụrụ Merino mana China kpuchie ya n'ihe gbasara mkpokọta ịdị arọ. New Zealand (2016) bụ nke atọ kachasị na-emepụta ajị anụ, yana onye na-emepụta ajị anụ crossbred. Ụdị ụdị dị ka Lincoln, Romney, Drysdale, na Elliotdale na-emepụta eriri ndị na-esighị ike, na a na-ejikarị ajị atụrụ ndị a eme kapet.

Na United States, Texas, New Mexico, na Colorado nwere nnukwu ìgwè atụrụ na-azụ ahịa na ebe ha na-azụ bụ Rambouillet (ma ọ bụ French Merino). Ọzọkwa, ìgwè atụrụ na-eme nke ọma nke ndị ọrụ ugbo bụ́ ndị na-eto eto na-azụ obere ìgwè atụrụ pụrụ iche maka ahịa na-eji aka eme ihe. Ndị ọrụ ugbo obere ndị a na-enye ọtụtụ nhọrọ nke ajị anụ. Woolclip zuru ụwa ọnụ (ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ajị ajị agba) 2020

# China: 19% nke ụwa ajị anụ (334   abụba, 2020)
# Australia: 16%
# New Zealand: 8%
# Turkey: 4%
# [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]: 4%
# Morocco: 3%
# Iran: 3%
# Rọshịa: 3%
# Saụt Afrịka: 3%
# India: 3%

Organic ajị anụ enwetala na ewu ewu. Ajị ajị a kpaara ókè na-ebubata ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-esite na New Zealand na Australia. Ajị anụ na-adị mfe ịchọta na uwe na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, mana ngwaahịa ndị a na-ebukarị ọnụ ahịa dị elu.

Ajị dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka atụnyere naịlọn mmanụ ma ọ bụ polypropylene) dị ka ihe eji eme kapeeti, yana karịsịa mgbe ejikọtara ya na ihe ejikọtara eke na iji ihe na-enweghị formaldehyde.

Otu dị iche iche na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ anụmanụ achọpụtala okwu gbasara mmepụta ajị anụ, dị ka ịkwọ mmiri.

== Ahịa ==

=== Australia ===
[[Usòrò:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg|thumb|&quot;Mkpụrụ ajị anụ: Fibre nke chi, nke e kere - ọ bụghị nke mmadụ mere&quot; CSIRO ahịa poster na-akọwa uru nke ajị anụ]]
[[Usòrò:Wool_samples.JPG|thumb|Ihe nlele ajị anụ Merino maka ire ere, Newcastle, New South Wales]]
A na-ere ihe dị ka 85% nke ajị anụ a na-ere n'Australia site na okushon akwa na-emeghe.
[[Usòrò:ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ajị anụ nke ndị na-ere ahịa na ndị na-azụ ahịa Australia nwetara (tonnes / quarter) kemgbe afọ 1973]]
[[Usòrò:Wool_auction.JPG|thumb|Ụlọ ndị na-azụ ajị anụ na ire ere ajị anụ, Newcastle, New South Wales]]

=== Mba ndị ọzọ ===
[[Usòrò:Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg|thumb|''Wanha Villatehdas'', ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ajị anụ na Hyvinkää, [[Finland]]]]
The British Wool Marketing Board na-arụ usoro ịzụ ahịa etiti maka ajị anụ ajị anụ UK na ebumnobi nke inweta nkwụghachi ụgbụ kacha mma maka ndị ọrụ ugbo.

A na-ere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke ajị New Zealand n'ahịa mkpọ, ebe ihe dị ka 45% nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ere ajị anụ ozugbo nye ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị ọrụ njedebe.

Ndị na-emepụta atụrụ United States na-ere ajị anụ nwere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ajị anụ nkeonwe ma ọ bụ nke jikọrọ ọnụ, mana ọdọ mmiri ajị anụ na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ steeti. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-ejikọta ajị anụ na mpaghara ahịa mpaghara, mana a na-ere ya site na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ajị anụ. A na-ahọrọ ajị anụ nke nwere nsonaazụ nlere ebumnuche. Uwe akwa na akwa kapeeti na-ebubata na-aga ozugbo n'ahịa etiti, ebe nnukwu ndị ahịa na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-edozi ya.

== Yarn ==
[[Usòrò:Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG|thumb| Akpụkpọ anụ]]
A na-eme ajị na-ajị anụ ma ọ bụ megharịa ya site n'ịcha ma ọ bụ dọkasịa ákwà ajị anụ dị adị na iweghachi eriri ndị si na ya pụta. Dị ka usoro a na-eme ka eriri ajị anụ dị mkpụmkpụ, akwa a rụgharịrị dị ala karịa nke mbụ. Enwere ike ịgwakọta ajị anụ ahụ a na-emegharị ya na ajị anụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ajị anụ, ma ọ bụ eriri ọzọ dị ka owu iji mee ka ogologo eriri dị ogologo. A na-ejikarị yarn ndị dị otú ahụ eme ihe dị ka yarn nke nwere eriri owu. Emepụtara usoro a na Heavy Woolen District nke West Yorkshire wee mepụta microeconomy na mpaghara a ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

Ihe kacha njọ bụ eriri ajị anụ siri ike, ogologo ogologo, nke nwere elu siri ike.

Woolen bụ ajị anụ dị nro, dị mkpụmkpụ, nke nwere kaadị a na-ejikarị eme akwa. N'ịkwa akwa omenala, a na-ejikọta yarn woolen (maka ịdị nro na ikpo ọkụ) na obere warp kachasị njọ maka ike dị n'úkwù.

== Ojiji ==
Na mgbakwunye na uwe, a na-eji ajị anụ mee ihe mkpuchi, akwa ịnyịnya, akwa akwa, akwa akwa, mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi. Enwere ike iji ajị ajị agba mepụta ụdị nka ndị ọzọ dị ka mmiri mmiri na mmetụta agịga. Ajị anụ na-ekpuchi hama piano, a na-ejikwa ya amịkọrọ ísì na mkpọtụ n'ime ígwè ọrụ dị arọ na ígwè okwu stereo. Ndị Gris oge ochie ji okpu agha kpuchie okpu agha ha, ndị agha Rom na-ejikwa ihe mgbochi obi e ji ajị anụ mee.

A na-ejikwa ajị na owu eme akwa akwa. Akpụkpọ anụ ajị anụ bụ hydrophobic (mmiri na-agbapụ) na ime nke eriri ajị anụ bụ hygroscopic (na-adọta mmiri); nke a na-eme ka uwe ajị anụ dabara adaba maka diaper mmiri site na igbochi wicking, ya mere uwe elu na-anọgide na-akpọnwụ. Ajị anụ ma na-agwọ ya na lanolin bụ mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, ikuku na-agafe agafe, yana nje bacteria dị ntakịrị, ya mere ọ na-eguzogide mmepụta nke isi. Ụfọdụ akwa akwa ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji akwa ajị anụ mee ihe maka mkpuchi, ma e nwere ọtụtụ usoro ịkpakọba ahịa ọgbara ọhụrụ maka mkpuchi diaper.

Nnyocha mbụ nke uwe ime woolen achọpụtala na ọ na-egbochi okpomọkụ na ọsụsọ n'ihi na ọ na-amịkọrọ mmiri ngwa ngwa karịa eriri ndị ọzọ.

Dị ka protein anụmanụ, a pụrụ iji ajị anụ mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza ala, na-abụ isi iyi nitrogen na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa.

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology School of Fashion and textiles achọpụtala ngwakọta nke ajị na Kevlar, eriri sịntetik nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ngwa agha ahụ, dị mfe, dị ọnụ ala ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na ọnọdụ mmiri mmiri karịa Kevlar naanị. Kevlar, mgbe ejiri ya naanị ya, na-efunahụ ihe dịka 20% nke ịdị irè ya mgbe mmiri dị, yabụ chọrọ usoro mgbochi mmiri dị oke ọnụ. Ajị na-abawanye esemokwu na uwe mwụda nwere akwa akwa 28-30, iji nye otu ọkwa mgbochi mgbo dị ka 36 nke Kevlar naanị.

== Ihe omume ==
[[Usòrò:Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG|thumb|Nwanyị Andean na-ahazi ajị anụ dị ka akụkụ nke ogige ntụrụndụ Los Aleros na Mérida, [[Venezuela]]]]
Onye na-azụta ajị Merino, Ermenegildo Zegna, enyela onyinye maka ndị na-emepụta ajị anụ Australia. N'afọ 1963, e gosipụtara Ermenegildo Zegna Perpetual Trophy na Tasmania maka ndị na-akụ &quot;Superfine skirted Merino Flece&quot;. Na 1980, ewepụtara ihe nrite mba, Ermenegildo Zegna Trophy for Extrafine Wool Production. N'afọ 2004, a bịara mara ihe nrite a dị ka Ermenegildo Zegna na-enweghị nchebe Wool Trophy. N'afọ 1998, ewepụtara Ermenegildo Zegna echekwabara Wool Trophy maka ajị anụ atụrụ ekpuchiri ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu n'afọ.

N'afọ 2002, a malitere Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy maka ajị anụ nke dị 13.9 microns ma ọ bụ nke ka mma. Ajị si Australia, New Zealand, [[Argentina]], na South Africa nwere ike ịbanye, a na-akpọkwa onye meriri na obodo ọ bụla. N'April 2008, New Zealand meriri Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy na nke mbụ ya na ajị anụ tụrụ 10.8 microns. Asọmpi a na-enye arọ ajị anụ emeri nke nwere otu ịdị arọ na ọla edo dị ka ihe nrite, yabụ aha a.

Na 2010, otu ultrafine, 10-micron ajị anụ, sitere na Windradeen, na nso Pyramul, New South Wales, meriri Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum International Trophy.

Kemgbe afọ 2000, Loro Piana enyela otu iko maka bale ajị anụ kacha mma n'ụwa nke na-emepụta naanị akwa zuru oke maka uwe akwa akwa 50. A na-enye onye na-akụ ajị anụ Australia ma ọ bụ New Zealand bụ onye na-emepụta bale kacha mma n'afọ.

Ụbọchị New England Merino Field nke na-egosipụta studs, ajị anụ, na atụrụ na-eme n'ime January, n'ime afọ ole na ole gburugburu Walcha, New South Wales district. Ihe nrite Ejiji Wool Kwa Afọ, nke gosipụtara iji Merino ajị site n'aka ndị na-emepụta ejiji, bụ obodo Armidale, New South Wales, na-akwado na March kwa afọ. Ihe omume a na-agba ndị na-eto eto na ndị na-emepụta ejiji ume ka ha gosipụta nkà ha. N'ime ọnwa Mee nke ọ bụla, Armidale na-akwado New England Wool Expo kwa afọ iji gosipụta ejiji ajị anụ, ọrụ aka, ihe ngosi, asọmpi ịkpacha ajị, ule nkịta yard, na ndị ọzọ.

N'ọnwa Julaị, a na-eme ihe ngosi atụrụ na ajị nke Australian kwa afọ na Bendigo, Victoria. Nke a bụ ihe ngosi atụrụ na ajị kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, nke nwere ewu na alpacas, yana asọmpi ajị anụ na ihe ngosi, asọmpi ajị anụ, nnwale atụrụ, ịkwa akwa, na njikwa ajị anụ. Asọmpi kacha ukwuu n'ụwa maka ajị anụ ezi uche dị na ya bụ asọmpi Fleece Australia, nke a na-eme kwa afọ na Bendigo. N'afọ 2008, ndenye 475 sitere na steeti niile nke Australia, na ihe nrite nke mbụ na nke abụọ na-aga na Northern Tablelands.

== Hụkwa ==

* Usoro iheomume nke uwe na akwa

=== Mmepụta ===
 

=== Nhazi ===
 

=== Ngwaahịa ndị a nụchara anụcha ===
  

=== Ajị anụ ndị ọzọ ===
 {{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

*  
*  
{{Fibers}}{{Fabric}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Chris Nwabueze Ngige</title>
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'''Chris Nwabueze Ngige''' (amụrụ n'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1952) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na dọkịta Naijiria nke jere ozi dị ka minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ọrụ nke Naijiria n'okpuru ọchịchị [[Muhammadu Buhari|onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari]] site n'afọ 2015 ruo 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-22|title=ASUU'll call off strike soon, says Ngige|url=https://punchng.com/asuull-call-off-strike-soon-says-ngige/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ASUU Strike Will Be Resolved Soon, Ngige Assures Nigerians {{!}} Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2022/06/22/asuu-strike-will-be-resolved-soon-ngige-assures-nigerians/amp/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=www.channelstv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-22|title=Ngige: FG will resolve issues on ASUU strike very soon|url=https://www.thecable.ng/ngige-fg-will-resolve-issues-on-asuu-strike-very-soon|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Opejobi|first=Seun|date=2022-06-22|title=ASUU strike to end soon - Labour minister, Ngige assures|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/06/22/asuu-strike-to-end-soon-labour-minister-ngige-assures/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu maka Anambra Central Constituency n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011.Ọ bụ gọvanọ Anambra steeti na Naịjirịa site na Mee 2003 ruo Maachị 2006 n'okpuru People's Democratic Party (PDP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ntrigues stall Ribadu's choice of running mate|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/02/intrigues-stall-ribadu%E2%80%99s-choice-of-running-mate/|accessdate=14 February 2011|work=Vanguard|date=13 February 2011|author=Jide Ajani}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-02|title=2023: Ngige roots for Southern president|url=https://guardian.ng/news/2023-ngige-roots-for-southern-president/|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-13|title=BREAKING: Ngige pulls out of presidential race, retains ministerial seat|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ngige-pulls-out-of-presidential-race-retains-ministerial-seat/|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Otu dọkịta n'ọrụ, Ngige gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Nigeria, Nsukka na 1979..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ezigbo|first=Onyebuchi|title=CHRIS NGIGE: I Married as an Overgrown Adult At 41|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/11/chris-ngige-i-married-as-an-overgrown-adult-at-41/|work=This Day|date=11 January 2020|accessdate=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-08-21|title=FOR THE RECORD: Official citations of Buhari’s ministers, SGF - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/347874-for-the-record-official-citations-of-buharis-ministers-sgf.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/347874-for-the-record-official-citations-of-buharis-ministers-sgf.html|accessdate=2022-06-23|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chris banyere n'ọrụ gọọmentị ozugbo, na-eje ozi na National Assembly na ụlọ ọgwụ steeti n'oge dị iche iche. Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1998 dị ka osote onye nduzi na Federal Ministry of Health.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Aziken|first=Emmanuel|title=Anambra: The four titans|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/11/anambra-four-titans/|work=Vanguard|date=14 November 2013|accessdate=28 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Dr. Chris Nwabueze Ngige sonyeere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, wee bụrụ onye otu People's Democratic Party (PDP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labour.gov.ng/the-honourable-minister/|title=The Honourable Minister – Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-30|archivedate=2021-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116015609/https://labour.gov.ng/the-honourable-minister/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/ngige-at-63-celebrating-an-exception/|work=guardian.ng|accessdate=2020-04-30|title=Ngige at 63: Celebrating an exception|date=13 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1999, ọ bụ osote odeakwụkwọ mba na odeakwụkwọ mpaghara nke Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) na mpaghara South East nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-25|title=Chris Ngige Biography and Detailed Profile|url=http://www.politiciansdata.com/content/chris-ngige/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Politicians Data|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2003, a họpụtara ya dịka gọvanọ nke Anambra [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Steeti]] n'ọnọdụ esemokwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerian States|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|accessdate=2021-01-22|work=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-08-21|title=FOR THE RECORD: Official citations of Buhari’s ministers, SGF - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/347874-for-the-record-official-citations-of-buharis-ministers-sgf.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/347874-for-the-record-official-citations-of-buharis-ministers-sgf.html|accessdate=2022-06-17|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kewapụrụ ya na nna nna ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, Chris Uba nwanne [[Emmanuel Nnamdi Uba|Andy Uba]], n'oge na-enweghị isi na 10 Julaị 2003 iji wepụ ya n'ọkwa, site na akwụkwọ ozi e chepụtara echepụta nke nzukọ steeti nabatara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jason|first=Pini|title=State police and scare mongers (2)|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/09/state-police-and-scare-mongers-2/|work=vanguardngr.com|date=4 September 2012|accessdate=8 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, afọ 2006, otu ụlọ ikpe ntuli aka nke Justice Nabaruma duziri wepụrụ mmeri Ngige meriri n'afọ 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-07|title=8 things to know about Chris Ngige|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/ministerial-list-8-things-to-know-about-chris-ngige/0dl2bqp|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121200945/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/ministerial-list-8-things-to-know-about-chris-ngige/0dl2bqp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rịọrọ ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke Naijiria, mana a kwadoro nkwụsị ahụ na 15 Machị 2006, na ikpe nke nyere [[Peter Obi]] nke [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]] (APGA) mmeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-11-05|title=Anambra: The judgments so far|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/anambra-the-judgments-so-far/|accessdate=2021-01-22|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enweghị arịrịọ ọzọ, Ngige nabatara ikpe ahụ n'ezi obi, na-akpọ ndị Anambra ka ha kwado onye nọchiri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Temple Chima Ubochi|title=GOVERNOR PETER OBI OF ANAMBRA STATE: CONSISTENCY; PERSEVERANCE [sic] AND PATIENCE ARE WORTHY VIRTUES|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/jun/171.html|work=nigeriaworld.com|date=17 June 2007|accessdate=8 March 2016|archivedate=17 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017203044/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/jun/171.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Mgbe Peter Obi chụpụrụ ya, Ngige gbalịrị isonye na ntuli aka gọvanọ steeti n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, mana ụlọ ọrụ Independent National Electoral Commission na 'nkwụsị&quot; gọọmentị etiti mere ka ọ ghara iru eru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-16|title=Nigeria election 2019: Poll halted in last-minute drama|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47263122|accessdate=2021-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihe omume ikpeazụ, a tụgharịrị impeachment Obi n'ụzọ ọ bụla, Obi wee rụọ ọrụ afọ anọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ezekwere|first=Ijeoma|date=2007-02-09|title=Nigeria reinstates impeached Anambra state governor|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL09710848|accessdate=2021-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ahụ, a katọkwara Ngige nke ukwuu maka ịpụta ọtọ n'ụlọ nsọ voodoo Okija a na-atụ egwu n'oge mkpọsa ya ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-25|title='Okija Shrine: No longer a bee-hive of activities for politicians|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/okija-shrine-no-longer-a-bee-hive-of-activities-for-politicians/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2010, Ngige gbara ọsọ ọzọ maka ọkwa gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-10-10|title=ANAMBRA 2010: Meet the candidates|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/10/anambra-2010-meet-the-candidates/|accessdate=2021-01-22|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-esonyere ya gụnyere Andy Uba, Charles Soludo, Nicholas Ukachukwu, Mrs. Uche Ekwunife, Ralph Nwosu, na gọvanọ nọ n'ọkwa, Peter Obi. N'ozuzu, e nwere mmadụ iri abụọ na ise na-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka ahụ. Peter Obi meriri ntuli aka ahụ wee malite oge nke abụọ ya dị ka gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti.

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011, Ngige gbara ọsọ maka ntuli aka maka onye omeiwu nke Anambra Central, na ikpo okwu Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ngige Wins Anambra Central Senatorial election|url=http://www.afripol.org/afripol/item/274-ngige-wins-anambra-central-senatorial-election.html|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=www.afripol.org|archivedate=2021-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304061846/http://afripol.org/afripol/item/274-ngige-wins-anambra-central-senatorial-election.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nsogbu ịtụ vootu n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mpaghara ahụ na 9 Eprel, e mere ntuli aka na mpaghara ndị a na 25 Eprel ma kwupụta na Ngige bụ onye mmeri karịa onye bụbu Minista nke Ozi na Mmekọrịta Prọfesọ [[Dora Akunyili]] nke APGA, na vootu 69,765 na vootu Akunyili nke 69,292.

Oge Ngige dị ka onye sinetọ Federal Republic of Nigeria bịara na njedebe ka mmeri ya na ntuli aka 2015 site n'aka Hon.Mrs Uche Ekwunife bụ onye e ṅụrụ iyi dịka onye sinetọ na-anọchite anya ya. Anambra Central Senatorial District dị ugbu a nke 8th National Assembly of Nigeria.

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara Ngige ka ọ bụrụ minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-11|title=See full list of Buhari's ministers and their portfolios|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/11/see-full-list-of-buharis-ministers-and-their-portfolios/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, Onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara Chris Ngige dị ka onye minista na-alọghachi maka nyocha site n'ụlọ nzukọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ministerial-nominee-i-left-pdp-when-it-was-not-doing-well-says-ngige/|title=Ministerial nominee: I left PDP when the vehicle was rickety, says Ngige|date=25 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, onye isi ala ṅụrụ iyi dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=JUST IN: Full List: Buhari assigns portfolios to new Ministers|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/full-list-buhari-assigns-portfolios-ministers/|accessdate=26 August 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=21 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/fashola-gets-works-as-ngige-amaechi-lai-retain-portfolios/|title=Fashola gets Works as Ngige, Amaechi, Lai retain portfolios|date=2019-08-22|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;N'ụbọchị 19 Eprel 2022, Ngige kwupụtara mmasị ịzọ ọkwa onyeisiala Naịjirịa n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ All Progressive Congress (APC)Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ahụmahụ, onye jerela ozi dị ka Gọvanọ Anambra Steeti, Sinetọ na Mịnịsta na-achị kọwara onwe ya dị ka &quot;onye na-azụ ahịa niile na nna ukwu niile&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsaboutnigeria.com/2022/04/19/2023-election-senator-chris-ngige-declares-interest-to-contest-for-president/|title=2023 Election: Senator Chris Ngige Declares Interest to Contest for President|date=2022-04-19|work=News About Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Hụkwa ==

* Cabinet nke Nigeria
* Ndepụta ndị gọvanọ steeti Anambra

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onye isi Nuhu Ribadu maka mkpọsa onye isi ala]
{{AnambraStateGovernors}}{{Nigerian state governors 2003-2007 term}}{{Nigerian Senators of the 7th National Assembly

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ngige, Chris}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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Chimezie Chukwudum Metu // i&lt;/link&gt; (amuru March 22, 1997) bu onye okacha amara basketball nke Naijiria-Amerika maka ndi Phoenix Suns nke National Basketball Association (NBA).  Ọ gbara mmemme maka USC Trojans

== Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ==
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Budrovich|title=Andy Enfield Lands Four-Star Recruit Chimezie Metu|url=https://www.conquestchronicles.com/2014/5/12/5712322/andy-enfield-lands-four-star-recruit-chimezie-metu|work=Conquest Chronicle|accessdate=January 4, 2020|date=May 12, 2014|archivedate=September 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924174930/https://www.conquestchronicles.com/2014/5/12/5712322/andy-enfield-lands-four-star-recruit-chimezie-metu}}&lt;/ref&gt;Metu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Lawndale na Lawndale, California .  Onye na-ewe ndị anọ, ọ bụ onye ọrụ No.46 dị ka Rivals.com si kwuo.  Metu akara na Mahadum Southern California (USC) na Mee 12, 2014.

== Ọrụ kọleji ==
Zoo onye ọhụrụ, Metu gbara n' Sir 34, asụsụ na 2. Okari isi 6.4 na nkwụghachi 3.6 kwa egwuregwu.  O see 54 blocks, nke bụ 2nd kasị egbu egbu saịtị USC ọhụrụ Taj Gibson .  Ọ gbakwara nsogbu iri na mmeri USC meri Providence na agba nke mbụ nke egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwoke nke 2016 NCAA .
{{DEFAULTSORT:Metu, Chimezie}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>DONA International</title>
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      <text bytes="5409" sha1="l75pz4yc7g8w25n784un3jsrx9fndy7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
E hiwere '''DONA International''' (nke bụbu '''Doulas nke North America''') na 1992 ma bụrụkwa nke mbụ na nke kachasị Ike na ụdị nke ukwuu na Doula ọzụzụ na asambodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;About DONA International&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dona.org/the-dona-advantage/about/|title=About DONA International|work=DONA International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye Okike nke Anyị mụtara n'aka Jizọs banyere isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru ugbu a bụ Nikia Lawson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dona.org/the-dona-advantage/leadership-staff/|title=Leadership and Staff|work=DONA International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-09|archivedate=2020-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426165221/https://www.dona.org/the-dona-advantage/leadership-staff/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aguguala ==
In the 1980s, Dr. Marshall Klaus, Dr. John H. Kennell, Phyllis Klaus, Penny Simkin, and Annie Kennedy first formed a partnership of doulas and medical professionals.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dona.org/the-dona-advantage/about/history/|title=History of DONA International|work=DONA International|date=7 August 2014|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaHbAAAAQBAJ|title=Laboring On: Birth in Transition in the United States|author=Simonds|first=Wendy|date=2013-10-23|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135939984|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Klaus (1927-2017),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/health/marshall-klaus-dead-studied-emotional-bonding-with-newborns.html|title=Dr. Marshall H. Klaus, Maternity-Ward Reformer, Dies at 90|author=Roberts|first=Sam|date=2017-08-25|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-04-10|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; a neonatologist, and Kennell (1922-2013),&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/health/john-kennell-advocate-of-infant-bonding-dies-at-91.html|title=John Kennell, Advocate of Infant Bonding, Dies at 91|author=Vitello|first=Paul|date=2013-09-21|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-04-09|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; a pediatrician, gave credibility to doulas Phyllis Klaus, Simkin, and Kennedy&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/dona-international-1992|title=DONA International (1992– ) {{!}} The Embryo Project Encyclopedia|work=embryo.asu.edu|accessdate=2019-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Site na ịkwado ọrụ ha sitere kpọmkwem na nyocha nkeparent-child bonding in the 1960s at Case Western Reserve University.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

E guzobere Doulas Of North America (DONA) n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na 1992 ma nzukọ ahụ bụ nke mbụ n'ụdị ya iji zụọ ma kwado nkwado ọmụmụ na-abụghị nke ọgwụ nke doulas ma gosipụta mmalite nke doulas ọkachamara na amụ amụ na ekwu na ihe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị mba niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Kennedy (onye guzobere Pacific Association of Labor Support na 1989 na Seattle, WA na Simkin n'akụkụ ọzụzụ doula na Seattle Midwifery School) ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DONA History: Annie Kennedy|url=https://www.dona.org/the-dona-advantage/about/history/|work=History of DONA International|date=7 August 2014|accessdate=10 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2004, a gbanwere aha nzukọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ DONA International.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, e nwere puku doulas iri na abụọ na anọ nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime site na nzukọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;About DONA International&quot;/&gt;

== Ọzụzụ na asambodo ==
DONA International na-enye ọzụzụ na asambodo ọmụmụ na postpartum doula.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dona.org/become-a-doula/|title=Become a Doula|work=DONA International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji kwado dị ka doula ọmụmụ, ọmụmụ ihe n'onwe ya bụ iwu, tinyere ịgụ ederede mgbakwunye, ọzụzụ inye ara na agụmakwụkwọ ịmụ nwa, ahụmịhe ndị ahịa, ọzụzụ azụmahịa, edemede, na ntụaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dona.org/become-a-doula/birth-doula-certification/|title=Become a Birth Doula – Certification|work=DONA International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọmụmụ ihe niile nke ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị ikom abụọ n'onwe ya na-akụzi site n'aka ndị na-enye ọzụzụ ndị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ achọrọ nke gụnyere nkwado mmetụta uche, nkwado anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ usoro nkasi obi, nkwurịta okwu, ntinye aka, ụkpụrụ omume na omume ọkachamara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gilliland|first=Amy L.|date=2016|title=What Motivates People to Attend Birth Doula Trainings?|journal=The Journal of Perinatal Education|volume=25|issue=3|pages=174–183|doi=10.1891/1058-1243.25.3.174|issn=1058-1243|pmid=30538414}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==

* Nkwalite ọrụ Doula na ntụkwasị obi
* Ọdịiche na ikpe na-ezighị ezi
* Ịkwụ ụgwọ ịnshọransị
* Omume iwu
* Nnyocha na nchịkọta data&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dona.org/the-dona-advantage/advocacy/|title=Advocacy|work=DONA International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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    <title>Chukwuedu Nwokolo</title>
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{{Infobox person|honorific_prefix=|name=Chukwuedu Nwokolo|honorific_suffix=[[Royal College of Physicians|FRCP]], [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|RCPE]], [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons|MRCS]], [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria|OFR]], [[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians|MRCP]]|native_name=|native_name_lang=|image=Chukwuedu_Nwokolo_2.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1921|4|19}}|birth_place=|disappeared_date=|disappeared_place=|disappeared_status=|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|5|18|1921|4|19}}|death_place=New York|death_cause=|resting_place=|resting_place_coordinates=|monuments=|nationality=Nigerian|other_names=|citizenship=|education=Human, medical and life sciences|alma_mater=[[Yaba College|Yaba Higher College]], [[University of Ibadan]], [[Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup]]: London, [[University of Minnesota]]|occupation=Medical doctor, humanitarian, research scientist and professor of medicine|years_active=1947–2004|employer=|organization=|agent=|known_for=Discovering and mapping out the area of lung disease in [[Eastern Nigeria]], with a study of the disease in Africa and clinical research for its control &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://onlinenigeria.com/merit/1982.html|title=NNOM|website=onlinenigeria.com|accessdate=2023-09-25|archivedate=2023-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171027/https://onlinenigeria.com/merit/1982.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Endemic paragonimiasis in Africa - PMC|year=1974 |pmc=2481166 |last1=Nwokolo |first1=C. |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=569–571 |pmid=4549201 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|notable_works=''An Introduction to Clinical Medicine''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TcutWv4m0gC&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo |title= Library of Congress Catalogs |publisher= Library of Congress |accessdate= 2 June 2014|isbn= 9780844713427 |year= 1983 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|style=|height=&lt;!-- {{height|m=}} --&gt;|television=|title=Emeritus Professor|term=|predecessor=|successor=|party=|movement=|opponents=|boards=|spouse=Njideka Priscilla Nwokolo: née: Okonkwo|partner=|children=7|parents=Nathaniel Ezuma Nwokolo and Matilda Nwokolo: née: Efobi|callsign=|awards=|website=|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Chukwuedu Nathaniel''' II Nwokolopronunciationi (19 Eprel 1921 - 18 Mee 2014) bụ dọkịta Naijiria ọkachamara na ọrịa ndị na-ekpo ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H10uAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=Nigeria Year Book 1984|publisher=Times Press|accessdate=2 June 2014|year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/prof-chukwuedu-nwokolo-1921-2014/185135/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110084257/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/prof-chukwuedu-nwokolo-1921-2014/185135/|title=Prof. Chukwuedu Nwokolo: 1921-2014|archivedate=10 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjXtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=Calendar|publisher=University of Ibadan|accessdate=2 June 2014|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b4ZNAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=The East African Medical Journal: Volume 65, Issues 1–11|publisher=East African Medical Journal|accessdate=2 June 2014|year=1988}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eq8ZAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=Who's Who in Nigeria|publisher=Newswatch|accessdate=2 June 2014|year=1990|isbn=9789782704122}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matara ya maka ịchọpụta na imepụta mpaghara ọrịa akpa ume paragonimiasis n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa, yana nyocha nke ọrịa ahụ n'Africa na nyocha ahụike maka ịchịkwa ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nwokolo C|title=Outbreak of paragonimiasis in Eastern Nigeria|journal=Lancet|volume=1|issue=7740|pages=32–3|date=January 1972|pmid=4108826|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90017-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; O guzobere SICREP: Sickle Cell Research Programme iji lụso ọrịa ahụ ọgụ n'ụzọ dị irè na Naijiria na n'ụwa niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardianmobile.com/readNewsItem1.php?nid=22854|title=UNN Medical College Needs N6bn To Upgrade Facilities|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213247/http://www.theguardianmobile.com/readNewsItem1.php?nid=22854|archivedate=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2003/dec/195.html|title=Countering Nigeria's Anti Intellectualism|publisher=Nigeria World|accessdate=1 June 2014|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194952/http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2003/dec/195.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==

=== Ndị nne na nna na ọmụmụ ===
A mụrụ Nwokolo na Tuesday, 19 April 1921 - na Amaimo, nke dị ugbu a na Imo State: Nigeria, ebe nne na nna ya na-arụ ọrụ maka Church Missionary Society dị ka ndị na-ezisa ozi ọma. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke mbụ n'ime ụmụ asaa Nna ya: Nathaniel Ezuma Nwokolo, bụ onye nkuzi ụka; a zụrụ nne ya na Niger CMS: Church Missionary Society [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oODyAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=Sorrows and Glories of Ezenwa by Chris Ugwuchukwu Efobi|publisher=John Jacob's Classic Publishers|accessdate=2 June 2014|isbn=9789783433427|year=1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/32718755/Emma-Nwokolo-and-Uzo-Nwokolo-and-family|title=Emma Nwokolo and Uzo Nwokolo and Family|publisher=Doctstoc|accessdate=3 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Curriculum Issues in Contemporary Education: Book in Honour of Professor (Mrs.) Ebele Josephine Nwokolo Maduewesi|publisher=Da-Sylva Influence|oclc=70166161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Nwokolo malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na [[Ezinihitte Mbaise|Ezinihitte-Mbaise]] na Imo [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Steeti]] taa, wee gaa na Government College Umuahia. N'afọ 1939, ọ banyere na Higher College Yaba, na-amụ ọgwụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ gara Government College Umuahia gara Yaba College nke bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ sayensị nke agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ. Ọmụmụ ahụike nke Nwokolo were afọ asaa gụnyere ọzụzụ, na General Hospital Lagos na [[Abá|Aba]] General Hospital dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi. Nwokolo ruru eru dị ka dọkịta na 1946, ma si otú a nweta LMS: Licenciate of the School of Medicine. wee merie ihe nrite Walter Johnson na ahụike ọha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2020-10-07|title=Chukwuedu Nathaniel Nwokolo – Distiguished Genius of Tropical Medical Research|url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/chukwuedu-nathaniel-nwokolo-distiguished-genius-of-tropical-medical-research/|accessdate=2022-07-18|work=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mmalite ==

=== Onye Ọsụ Ụzọ Ọgwụ ===
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lagos General Hospital, e zigara Nwokolo site na 1947 ruo 1949 na General Hospital [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/127563/savage|title=Savage – Death Announcements|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|accessdate=1 June 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225838/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/127563/savage}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e4053?rss=1|title=Dora Janet Burman Savage|year=2012|journal=BMJ|doi=10.1136/bmj.e4053|accessdate=1 June 2014|author=Savage|first=W.|volume=345|pages=e4053}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1948, ka Mahadum Ibadan na-emeghe ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ya nwa oge na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ibadan Adeoyo, mahadum ahụ rịọrọ gọọmentị ka ndị dọkịta na-eto eto rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị isi ụlọ. Nwokolo bụ onye mbụ n'ime ndị ọrụ ahụike dị otú ahụ ka a kwadoro ya na 1949.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uch-ibadan.org.ng/Medicine|title=Brief History of the Department|publisher=University College Hospital Ibadan|accessdate=1 June 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714124709/http://www.uch-ibadan.org.ng/Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwokolo rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba ọgwụ na University College Hospital site na 1949 ruo 1950, ma mesịa gaa London, jiri akwụkwọ ozi ọkachamara nke ndụmọdụ sitere n'aka prọfesọ Alexander Brown.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9AJAQAAMAAJ|title=Medicine: My Passport by Professor Theophilus Oladipo Ogunlesi|accessdate=1 June 2014|isbn=9789780294595|author=Ogunlesi|first=T. O.|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== England na-aga na RCPL ===
Mgbe ọ rutere England n'afọ 1950, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, ma rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ na Dover, wee ruo eruo ịdebanye aha na ịrụ ọrụ na Great Britain. Ọ ghọrọ dọkịta dị elu n'ụlọ na ngalaba geriatrics nke Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup. N'ebe ahụ, Nwokolo rụrụ ọrụ iji nweta MRCP ya: Onye otu Royal College of Physicians.

N'afọ 1952, Nwokolo kwagara Edinburgh iji kwadebe maka MRCP. Ọ gara nkuzi na nkuzi nke Royal College of Physicians nke Edinburgh, na ụlọ ọgwụ nke ụfọdụ ndị ndụmọdụ. Na mbido afọ 1953, Nwokolo mere ule MRCP. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka ole na ole nwetara nzere Member of the Royal College of Physicians, na onye Naijiria nke abụọ mere ya, nke mbụ bụ Dr. Olu Mabayoje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/books-creative-writing/472-ogunlesi-medicine-my-passport.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714113259/http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/books-creative-writing/472-ogunlesi-medicine-my-passport.html|archivedate=2014-07-14|title=Ogunlesi- Medicine my passport|work=nigeriavillagesquare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/books-creative-writing/472-ogunlesi-medicine-my-passport.html|title=Book Review Ogunlesi- Medicine my passport|accessdate=8 June 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714113259/http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/books-creative-writing/472-ogunlesi-medicine-my-passport.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'iji MRCP, Nwokolo laghachiri n'ụlọ ọgwụ Queen Mary, Sidcup, London. N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka dọkịta. Ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa - dị ka ọkachamara na ọgwụ ime ụlọ - n'oge maka alụmdi na nwunye ya na Njideka Priscilla Nwokolo: née: Okonkwo - na Satọdee 4 Julaị 1953.

=== Ọrụ gọọmentị ===
Mgbe o si London lọta, Nwokolo laghachiri n'ọrụ gọọmentị. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọrụ ahụike pụrụ iche. Nhazi n'ọrụ ahụ mere ka ndị ọrụ ahụike niile bụrụ ndị ọrụ ahụ ike mgbe ha rụchara ọrụ otu afọ dị ka ndị ọrụ ụlọ. Nwokolo rụrụ ọrụ ụlọ otu afọ na Ibadan tupu ọ gaa United Kingdom maka nzere ahụike ọkachamara. O mekwara otu afọ ọzọ nke ọrụ ụlọ na Dover mgbe di ya na nwunye ya nwere  ịga nke ọma LRCP na MRCP ule.

Site na nhọpụta onye isi ụlọ ya na ahụmịhe ọrụ MRCP na United Kingdom, Nwokolo nwetara nhọpụta ya dị ka onye ọrụ ahụike zuru oke na ọkwa pụrụ iche. General Hospital [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] bụ ebe ọ na-ejikarị ozi. Nwokolo na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya n'ụlọ ya n'uhuruchi. Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ngalaba ahụike ebe a na-anabata ndị ọrịa ma gwọọ ha.

=== Nnyocha ===
Nwokolo mere nnyocha ahụike na ngalaba nakwa n'ọhịa. O mere nnukwu nnyocha na endomyocardial fibrosis, endemic goitre, sickle-cell disease na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke mkpa mba. A na-arụkarị ọrụ n'ọhịa na ngwụsị izu, ma gụnye njem n'ụgbọala ya gaa ebe dị iche iche n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa tinyere Northern na Mid-Western Naịjiria, yana [[Obudu]]. Nwokolo bipụtara ihe dị ka akwụkwọ itoolu dabere na nyocha ya mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ gọọmentị. Site n'ike nke nyocha ya na akwụkwọ ya, e mere ya Fellow nke Royal College of Physicians (F.R.C.P.) na 1960, dabere na ndụmọdụ nke ndị nlekọta ya, Prọfesọ Alexander Brown na Prọfesụ Harold Scaborough, onye ọkà mmụta nleta na Mahadum Wales.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/3946|title=Harold Scarborough|publisher=Royal College of Physicians of London|accessdate=1 June 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140543/http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/3946}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prọfesọ Brown kpọkwara Nwokolo ka ọ kụzie dị ka onye nkuzi dị elu na Mahadum College Ibadan. Na mgbakwunye, na-arụ ọrụ na Rockefeller Foundation, Prọfesọ Brown tụrụ aro Nwokolo maka mkpakọrịta nyocha na gastroenterology na Mahadum Minnesota.

=== Mmekọrịta Rockefeller Foundation ===
Maka mkpakọrịta ya na 1963 ruo 1964 Rockefeller Foundation na Minnesota, e kenyere Nwokolo na ngalaba gastroenterology n'okpuru James Carey, onye isi nke gastroenterology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/56979/1/CommitteeAssignments1962-1963.pdf|title=Archived copy|work=conservancy.umn.edu|accessdate=12 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714123051/http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/56979/1/CommitteeAssignments1962-1963.pdf|archivedate=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mgbe ọ gwụchara mkpakọrịta ya, Nwokolo sooro otu ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ laghachi azụ. Ọ kwụsịrị na United Kingdom, ebe a na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka &quot;Nwoke nweere onwe ya nke obodo&quot; nke Edinburgh ma nye ya &quot;Key to the City of Edinburgh&quot; Scotland dị ka onye otu Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ntọala nke ngalaba Gastroenterology ===
Mgbe o si na United States lọta, a họpụtara Nwokolo ka ọ bụrụ osote prọfesọ nke ọgwụ. N'ikpeazụ, o guzobere ngalaba nke gastroenterology, ya na onye isi na-edeba aha Dr. Lewis. Nwokolo duziri nnyocha banyere nsogbu dị iche iche nke eriri afọ site na iji biopsies na usoro ọ mụtara na United States na Mahadum Minnesota.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9AJAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Nwokolo|title=Ogunlesi – Medicine: My Passport|publisher=Spectrum Books|accessdate=1 June 2014|isbn=9789780294595|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2BGAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Chukwuedu+Nwokolo&amp;pg=PA646|title=National Library of Medicine: Current Catalog: Cumulative Listing: 1982|year=1982|publisher=National Library of Medicine USA|accessdate=26 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Agha Obodo na Naịjirịa ===
N'afọ 1966, tupu [[Nigerian Civil War|agha obodo Naijiria]] na [[Bịafra|Biafra]] amalite na 1967, na esemokwu na igbu ọchụ nke [[Ndị Ìgbò|ndị Igbo]] na-arị elu, Nwokolo hapụrụ [[Ibadan]] na nwunye ya na ụmụ ya gaa Enugu.

=== Ntọala ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike ===
Maka ndị ahụ, dị ka Nwokolo, ndị gbapụrụ na Ibadan na Western Nigeria, ahụmịhe ahụ dị egwu nke na ndị dọkịta ọkachamara iri abụọ na otu si [[Ibadan]] na Lagos zutere ma kpebie iguzobe Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Mahadum na Enugu. Na nzukọ ahụ bụ ndị dọkịta: Nwokolo, Onuaguluchi, [[Fabian Udekwu|Udekwu]], Nwako, Nwachukwu, Eziashi, Ikeme, Udeh, Ogan, Uche, Okoro, Kaine, Udeozor, Okafor, Njoku-Obi, Ifekwunigwe, na ndị ọzọ. Site na Dr. Nlogha Okeke tinyere odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke gọọmentị: onyeisi Onyegbula, e nwetara nkwado ngwa ngwa n'aka gọvanọ ndị agha: [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] iji mepee ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi na Enugu General Hospital dị ka isi. Ojukwu kwadokwara nguzobe ngwa ngwa nke ngalaba ọgwụ, nke prọfesọ Kodilinye duziri, ebe Nwokolo ghọrọ onye isi mbụ nke ngalaba ọgwụ na onye isi oche nke ọgwụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/Publications/wit_vols/44832.pdf|title=British Contributions to Medical Research and Education in Africa after the Second World War Page 49|publisher=Queen Mary University of London|accessdate=31 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201534/http://www2.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/Publications/wit_vols/44832.pdf|archivedate=14 July 2014}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Queen Mary University of London. Archived from  &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 14 July 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwokolo gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke ngalaba ọgwụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi mahadum nke kwagara [[Awka-Etiti]] mgbe a na-eyi Enugu egwu n'oge agha obodo. Nwokolo mekwara nnyocha karịsịa metụtara ọnọdụ agha dị egwu nke agụụ na [[Agụụ|nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ]]. Ọ gara chọọchị na nnọkọ ọha na eze iji kụziere ndị mmadụ ihe na-edozi ahụ na nri maka ndụ. E mepụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ mimeographed ma kesaa maka agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze. [citation needed] Mgbe [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naijiria]] kwụsịrị na 1970, Nwokolo na ezinụlọ laghachiri Enugu, wee hụ ụlọ ha zuru ohi na ala elu ọkụ gbara kpamkpam. Ọ ghaghị iwughachi ihe dị ukwuu.

Site na nkwado nke Gọọmentị Naịjirịa maka imeghe [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naịjirị Nsukka, Nwokolo laghachiri n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi nke ngalaba ọgwụ. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ zuru oke n'afọ 1971. N'ihi ya, onye ọkà mmụta Welsh a ma ama, prọfesọ Eldryd Parry, onye jere ozi na University College Hospital, Ibadan site na 1960, kwenyesiri ike na Nwokolo duziri ma mee ka e guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Enugu na Nsukka.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Nwokolo bụ onye ndụmọdụ maka World Health Organization.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Endemic paragonimiasis in Africa|pmid=4549201|volume=50|issue=6|year=1974|journal=Bull. World Health Organ.|pages=569–71|author=Nwokolo C}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85863/1/Official_record210_eng.pdf|title=WHO Official Record|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=2 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1963 ruo 1964, ọ bụ onye Rockefeller Foundation fellow na gastroenterology na Mahadum Minnesota. A na-asọpụrụ ya na 1964 site na onyinye Edinburgh: Scotland &quot;Free Man of the City&quot; na &quot;Key to the City of Edinburgh&quot;, ebe a nabatara ya dị ka onye otu Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. Ọ bụ onye otu Royal College of Physicians, onye otu Nigerian Postgraduate Medical College: FMCP, onye otu West African College of Physacians: FWACP, na onye otu Nigarian Academy of Science.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nas.org.ng/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=70&amp;Itemid=32|title=List of Fellows Since Inception|publisher=Nigerian Academy of Science|accessdate=30 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwokolo nwere ndị otu Royal College of Surgeons: MRCS na ndị otu Royal University of Physicians: MRCP; yana ịbụ onye ọrụ nke Order of the Federal Republic: OFR. Ọ bụ onye isi oche: kansụl jikọrọ aka nke ASUTECH: Anambra State University of Technology - ugbu a Nnamdi Azikiwe University na Enugu dabeere Institute of Management and Technology, na onye isi oche nke University of Calabar Teaching Hospital.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ucth-ng.net/admin-structure.htm|title=Administrative Structures|publisher=University of Calabar Teaching Hospital|accessdate=2 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531230913/http://ucth-ng.net/admin-structure.htm|archivedate=31 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Prọfesọ Chukwuedu Nwokolo Annual Lecture Series na Award of Prizes for Academic Excellence iji kpalie nyocha na agụmakwụkwọ ka prọfesọ Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba guzobere iji sọpụrụ ya na 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/making-unn-medical-school-centre-of-excellence|title=Making UNN Medical School Center of Excellence|publisher=Daily Independent|accessdate=2 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nanngronline.com/section/healthgender/expert-calls-for-review-of-medical-curriculum|title=Expert Calls for Review of Medical Curriculum|publisher=NAN|accessdate=1 June 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140608185915/http://www.nanngronline.com/section/healthgender/expert-calls-for-review-of-medical-curriculum|archivedate=8 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt7KZwEACAAJ|title=Biography of the Pioneer Physician, Chukwuedu Nwokolo: Emeritus Professor of Medicine by Uchenna Nwokolo and Alexander Animalu|publisher=Ucheakonam Foundation|accessdate=29 May 2014|isbn=9789780499402|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://unnmedcollege.org/faculties/faculty-of-medical-sciences/department-of-medicine.html|title=Department of Medicine|publisher=University of Nigeria College of Medicine|accessdate=29 May 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714204132/http://unnmedcollege.org/faculties/faculty-of-medical-sciences/department-of-medicine.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nanngronline.com/picture/unn-college-of-medicine-lecture|title=UNN College of Medicine Lecture|publisher=News Agency of Nigeria|accessdate=2 June 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140608185918/http://www.nanngronline.com/picture/unn-college-of-medicine-lecture|archivedate=8 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ozi ==
Nwokolo bụ onye ndụmọdụ nke Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa na National Science and Technology Development Fund. Nwokolo bụ ọgọ Jaja Wachuku: Onye isi oche mbụ nke Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke Naijiria, onye nnọchi anya Naijiria mbụ na onye nnọchianya na-adịgide adịgide na United Nations; na Minista [[Naijiria]] nke mbụ nke Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ na Commonwealth. Ọ bụ onye nyere aka na Mahadum Cambridge bipụtara: Principles of Medicine in Africa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cambridge.org/ma/academic/subjects/medicine/medicine-general-interest/principles-medicine-africa-3rd-edition|title=Principles of Medicine in Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=30 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
Nwokolo nwere ikikere site na Royal College of Physicians nke London, dọkịta na-asọpụrụ sayensị site na Mahadum Maiduguri tinyere dọkịta ọzọ na-asọ ùgwù nke sayensị sitere na Mahadim Ibadan; ọ bụkwa prọfesọ emeritus na [[Mahadum Nke Maiduguri|Mahadam]] Nigeria Nsukka, onye mmeri nke Nigerian National Order of Merit Award, onye isi oche na osote onye isi oche nke West African College of Physacians, pro-chancellor na onye isi oche kansụl na Ahmadu Bello Society of Nigeria; onye isi oche nọ na Medical Research Council of Nigeria, onye isi ala na National Research Council of Medicine&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/25104850?selectedversion=NBD2035412|title=An Introduction to Clinical Medicine|publisher=National Library of Australia|accessdate=29 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/merit/1982.html|title=Nigerian National Order of Merit|publisher=Online Nigeria|accessdate=30 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4xE2AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=Convocation Speeches|publisher=University of Maiduguri|accessdate=1 June 2014|year=1982}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 1972-75: Dean Faculty of Medicine: [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke]] Nigeria Nsukka, yana Prọfesọ nke Ọgwụ: 1971 ruo 1980
* 1974: Nwetara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù sitere n'aka gọọmentị Japan dị ka dean ma gaa na Mahadum Tokyo nke ya na Mahadim Naịjirịa Nsukka na-arụkọ ọrụ na nyocha
* 1977-80: Onye isi oche: National Institute for Medical Research Yaba: Nigeria
* 1980: Na 21 Machị, o kwuru okwu Prọfesọ Alexander Brown na Ibadan, nke akpọrọ: Na-eche ihe ịma aka nke Nnyocha Ọgwụ ihu na Naịjirịa
* 1982: A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ Emeritus nke Ọgwụ: Mahadum Naịjirịa Nsukka. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Julaị, ọ natara onyinye National Order of Merit Award nke Naijiria, yana onye isi nke Order of the Federal Republic: nsọpụrụ OFR site n'aka onye isi ala Shehu Shagari
* 1983: Ọrụ ekele maka ọrụ Nwokolo, nke Prọfesọ Johnson na Ebele Maduewesi haziri na Mahadum Naịjirịa Nsukka
* 1984: A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Ahmadu Bello University Council. Onyinye D.Sc: Honoris causa site na [[Mahadum Nke Maiduguri|Mahadum nke Maiduguri]]
* 1985: Onye isi oche a họpụtara: kansụl jikọrọ aka nke ASUTECH: Anambra State University of Technology - ugbu a Nnamdi Azikiwe University na IMT: Institute of Management and Technology Nọfịs ruo 1986 ma nyere aka n'ịmepụta ogige Awka nke ASUTtech nke mechara gbanwee na [[Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe|Mahadum Nnamdi azikiwe]] ugbu a
* 1986: Onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ: UCTH: Mahadum nke Calabar Teaching Hospital Nwokolo jere ozi ruo 1994 mgbe a họpụtara ya nke abụọ dị ka onye isi oche nke UCTH. A họpụtakwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Science and Technology Development Fund
* 1988: E nyere ya nzere Doctor of Science site na Mahadum Ibadan, ya na [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Matthew Mbu, Michael Ibru na Emmanuel Alayande&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/nigeria/alayande_emmanuel_oladipo_.html|title=Emmanuel Oladipo Alayande, Nigeria, Anglican|date=11 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711223336/http://www.dacb.org/stories/nigeria/alayande_emmanuel_oladipo_.html|archivedate=11 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 1994: Nwokolo malitere otu ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke onwe ya a na-akpọ SICREP: Sickle Cell Research Programme iji rụọ ọrụ na ọrịa sickle cell.
* 1996: A họpụtara ya Knight of Saint Christopher site na Anglican Church Diocese na Niger.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://niger.50webs.org/home.htm|title=Diocese On The Niger, Anglican Communion|work=niger.50webs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1996: Na 12 Septemba, Nwokolo nwetara nsọpụrụ site na Nigerian Postgraduate Medical College na onyinye mkpakọrịta pụrụ iche nke prọfesọ Ayo Binitie kwuru
* 1998: E gosipụtara Nwokolo na NTA: Nigerian Television Authority documentary on Nigerian Heroes . Na 10 Machị, Nwokolo, UCTH họpụtara ya: Ụlọ Ọgwụ nkuzi Mahadum Calabar maka [[Mary Slessor]] Distinguished Merit Award maka ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ. Nke a bụ iji kwado &quot;ọrụ nyocha ya, iwebata Drug Revolving Fund na Mahadum nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mmụta Calabar, usoro ego onye ọrịa nke gọọmentị steeti na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nabatara; yana maka nnabata nke usoro ahụ na isi ihe na Bamako Initiative; yana dịka &quot;onye isi oche kachasị ogologo oge nke ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi nke Mahadum Calabar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ucth-ng.net/admin-structure.htm|title=.:: Welcome to University of Calabar Teaching Hospital ::.|date=31 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531230913/http://ucth-ng.net/admin-structure.htm|archivedate=31 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2004: Na Jenụwarị 15, a malitere Prọfesọ Chukwuedu Nwokolo Hall na College of Medicine: Mahadum Naịjirịa Ụlọ Ọgwụ nkuzi Enugu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KslAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo|title=Stewardship in the University of Nigeria|publisher=Philmeg|accessdate=2 June 2014|isbn=9789788046738|year=2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
Ụfọdụ n'ime isiokwu nyocha na akwụkwọ Nwokolo depụtara n'okpuru ebe a:

* {{Cite journal|author=NWOKOLO C|title=A case of Meigs' syndrome|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=4764|pages=905–6|date=April 1952|pmid=14916191|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4764.905-a}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Nwokolo C|title=A case of sickle cell haemoglobin 'C' disease in Eastern Nigeria|journal=The West African Medical Journal|volume=6|issue=3|pages=123–5|date=September 1957|pmid=13468376}}
* {{Cite journal|title=The River Niger as a barrier in the spread eastwards of haemoglobin C: a survey of haemoglobins in the lbo|journal=Nature|volume=183|issue=4675|pages=1587–8|date=June 1959|pmid=13666822|doi=10.1038/1831587a0}}
* Nwokolo, C. (1958). ''Ọrịa ịba na-efe efe na ndị obodo''. BMJ: British Medical Journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/2/5111/1535.2|title=Malarial Chemoprophylaxis in Indigenous Populations|year=1958|journal=BMJ|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5111.1535-a|accessdate=1 June 2014|author=Nwokolo|first=C.|volume=2|issue=5111|pages=1535–1536}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo, Chukuedu (1961). ''Aschoff Nodes na Endomyocardial Fibrosis''. London: BMJ: British Medical Journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Aschoff Nodes in Endomyocardial Fibrosis|volume=2|issue=5263|journal=Br Med J|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5263.1357-a|year=1961|author=Nwokolo|first=C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite journal|author=Nwokolo C|title=Prophylactic antimalarials in sickle-cell disease|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=2|issue=5466|pages=880|date=October 1965|pmid=5827808|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5466.880}}
* Nwokolo, C. (1967). ''Ascites na Africa''. London: British Medical Journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/1/5531/33|title=Ascites in Africa|year=1967|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5531.33|accessdate=1 June 2014|author=Nwokolo|first=C.|journal=BMJ|volume=1|issue=5531|pages=33–37|pmid=5334332}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo, Chukwuedu (1969). Ndị Biafra gbara ọsọ ndụ: Nsogbu nke mgbochi ọrịa na nlekọta ahụike. Enugu: Biafra Rehabilitation Commission.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Biafran-refugees-Problems-disease-prevention/dp/B0007KB3H2|title=Biafran Refugees: Problems of Disease Prevention and Medical Care|date=January 1969|publisher=Amazon|accessdate=30 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite journal|author=Nwokolo C|title=Endemic paragonimiasis in Eastern Nigeria. Clinical features and epidemiology of the recent outbreak following the Nigerian civil war|journal=Tropical and Geographical Medicine|volume=24|issue=2|pages=138–47|date=June 1972|pmid=5037686}}
* Nwokolo, C. na Imohiosen, E. A. E. (1973). Strongyloidiasis nke Respiratory Tract Presenting dị ka &quot;Asthma&quot;. London: British Medical Journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/2/5859/153|title=Strongyloidiasis of Respiratory Tract Presenting as &quot;Asthma.&quot;|year=1973|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5859.153|accessdate=1 June 2014|author=Nwokolo|first=C.|journal=BMJ|volume=2|issue=5859|pages=153–154|pmid=4699596}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo C. na Ogakwu M. (1973). Nchọpụta Radiological na Pulmonary Paragonimiasis dị ka a hụrụ na Naịjirịa: nyocha dabere na otu narị ikpe. London: BJR: The British Journal of Radiology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Radiological Findings in Pulmonary Paragonimiasis as Seen in Nigeria: a review based on one hundred cases|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|volume=46|issue=549|pages=699–705|doi=10.1259/0007-1285-46-549-699|pmid=4726120|year=1973|author=Ogakwu|first=M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo, C. na Okonkwo, P. O. (1977). Aflatoxin B.: Usoro iji belata ọkwa na nri ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ. Nutrition Reports International.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0685e/T0685E0d.htm|title=References|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=1 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo, C. na Oli, J. M. (1979). Ọrịa shuga mgbe ọrịa ọgbụgba na-efe efe gasịrị: Nnyocha na-esote. London: British Medical Journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/1/6168/926|title=Diabetes After Infectious Hepatitis: A Follow-up Study|year=1979|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.6168.926|accessdate=1 June 2014|author=Oli|first=J. M.|journal=BMJ|volume=1|issue=6168|pages=926–927|pmid=435884}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite journal|title=Pathogenesis of juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome|journal=Lancet|volume=1|issue=8166|pages=456–9|date=March 1980|pmid=6102187|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91001-6}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Pathogenesis of juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome|journal=Lancet|volume=1|issue=8166|pages=456–9|date=March 1980|pmid=6102187|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91001-6}}
* Nwokolo, Chukwuedu (1984). ''Ebe ọgwụ ọdịnala na ihe ndị ọzọ dị'' n'ógbè na mmemme nlekọta ahụike nke oge a na Naịjirịa. Maiduguri: Mahadum nke Maidugiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://experimental.worldcat.org/kindredworks/Kindred?sn=18242130|title=The Place of Traditional Medicine in a Modern Health Care Programme in Nigeria|publisher=World Cat'|accessdate=30 May 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714211944/http://experimental.worldcat.org/kindredworks/Kindred?sn=18242130}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo, Chukwuedu. (1993). Sayensị maka Ịdịgide: Nhọrọ Naịjirịa. Naịjirịa: Ọganihu Ọgwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.abebooks.com/9789782791061/Science-Survival-Nigerian-Option-Nwokolo-9782791067/plp|title=Science for Survival: The Nigerian Option|publisher=Abe Books|accessdate=31 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwokolo, Chukwuedu, na ndị ọzọ: Ndị nyere aka. (2004). ''Ụkpụrụ nke Ọgwụ n'Africa.''Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,  

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ya na nwunye ya Lady Njideka Nwokolo (née Okonkwo) onye ọ lụrụ na 4 Julaị 1953, Nwokolo nwere ụmụ asaa, ụmụ nwanyị anọ na ụmụ nwoke atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Chukwuedu Nwokolo: Biography|publisher=WorldCat|oclc=700729781}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwokolo nwụrụ na New York, United States na 18 Mee 2014 mgbe ọ dị afọ 93.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwakanma|first=Obi|date=2014|title=Chukwuedu Nwokolo (1921-2014)|work=Vanguard|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/chukwuedu-nwokolo-1921-2014/amp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Òtù Ọgwụ Naijiria
* [[Nwabueze Nwokolo]]
* John T. Nwangwu

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171600/https://search.nih.gov/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;m=true&amp;affiliate=nih&amp;query=Nwokolo&amp;commit=Search National Institutes of Health: USA: Nwokolo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180920171136/http://unnmedcollege.org/faculties/faculty-of-medical-sciences/department-of-medicine.html Mahadum nke Naijiria Nsukka]
* [[google:chukwuedu+nwokolo&amp;ie=utf-8&amp;oe=utf-8&amp;aq=t&amp;rls=org.mozilla:es-MX:official&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;channel=sb#channel=sb&amp;q=chukwuedu+nwokolo&amp;rls=org.mozilla:es-MX:official&amp;tbm=bks|Chukwuedu Nwokolo: Google Books]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Donald Dari Soditey</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder|website=}}

'''Donald Dari Soditey''' (amụrụ na Septemba 25, 1957) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana na onye otu Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Isii nke Republic nke Anọ nke Ghana na-anọchite anya Sawla / Tuana / Kalba Constituency na Northern Region na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress .&lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=229|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Soditey, Donald Dari|work=www.ghanamps.com|accessdate=2020-02-07|archivedate=2021-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117130918/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=229}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Soditey na Septemba 25, 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-04-25|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Soditey, Dari Donald|url=http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=2587|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425025233/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=2587|archivedate=2016-04-25|accessdate=2020-07-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ si Carpenteryir - Sawla, obodo dị na Northern Region nke [[Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot; /&gt; O nwetara asambodo onye nkuzi n'afọ 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot; /&gt; Ọ gụkwara maka diplọma na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Mmụta, Winneba .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Donald bụ onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi nkuzi dị ka Belma Primary School.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye omeiwu site na Jenụwarị afọ 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na onye nkuzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Soditey, Donald Dari|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=229|accessdate=2020-07-10|work=ghanamps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Soditey bụ onye otu National Democratic Congress (NDC). Na ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2008, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye omeiwu maka mpaghara Sawla / Tuana / Kalba maka ndị omeiwu nke ise nke mba nke anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results Parliamentary Elections|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2008/election.results.parliamentary.php|accessdate=2020-07-10|work=www.ghanaweb.com|archivedate=2020-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024033152/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2008/election.results.parliamentary.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya na 12,290 n'ime 21,050 nke ngụkọta vootu ziri ezi, nke kwekọrọ na 58.38% nke ngụcha vootu ziri ewu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/10489.pdf|title=Ghana Elections 2008|publisher=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung|year=2010|location=Ghana|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya karịa Joseph Hongiri Naah Vugu nke New Patriotic Party, Yaapuo Edward Kwabena nke People's National Convention, Gilbieri Jonathan Laamiitey nke Democratic Freedom Party na Abdulai A Wahid nke Convention People's Party.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndị a nwetara 38.33%, 1.49%, 0.67% na 1.13% n'otu n'otu nke ngụkọta vootu ziri ezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2012, ọ gbara ọsọ maka oche Sawla/Tuna/Kalba na tiketi nke NDC maka onye omeiwu nke isii nke mba nke anọ wee merie.&lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Soditey bụ Onye Kraịst (Katolik).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ asatọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Damilola Sunday Olawuyi</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|name=Damilola Sunday Olawuyi|honorific_suffix=[[Senior Advocate of Nigeria|SAN]]|image=Olawuyi Image Ibadan.jpg|image_size=200px|smallimage=&lt;!--If this is specified, &quot;image&quot; should not be.--&gt;|alt=|caption=|term_start={{Start date|2019|10|1}}|birth_name=Damilola Sunday Olawuyi|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1983|08|28}}|birth_place=[[Ibadan]], [[Oyo State]], Nigeria|death_date=&lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;|nationality=|spouse=|children=|alma_mater={{plainlist|
*[[Igbinedion University]]
[[University of Calgary]]
*[[University of Oxford]]
*[[Harvard University]]}}|occupation={{flatlist|
*Academic
*Author
*Lawyer}}|website={{URL|www.damilolaolawuyi.com}}}}{{Databox}}
Damilola Sunday Olawuyi, ￼￼SAN￼, FCIArb, bụ ọkàiwu mba ụwa, prọfesọ nke iwu, onye na-ekpe ikpe, ode akwụkwọ na onye ndụmọdụ amụma, nwere nka na mmanụ ala, Ngwuputa, ike na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi.[1]  Ọ bụ ￼￼Osote Vice Chancellor￼￼ nke ￼￼Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria￼￼.[2]  A kwalitere Prọfesọ Olawuyi ruo n'ọkwa nke Prọfesọ zuru oke nke Iwu mgbe ọ dị afọ 32, ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị prọfesọ zuru oke zuru oke na akụkọ ntolite Naijiria.[3]  Ọ ghọrọ Senior Advocate of Nigeria (￼￼Queen's Counsel￼￼ eqv.) na 2020, dị afọ iri atọ na asaa, ghọọ nwata akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ kacha elu ruo n'ọkwa onye isi na-akwado Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nations Newspaper|title=NBA hails LPPC as Ahonaruogho, Alabi, Olawuyi, 69 others make SAN list|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nba-hails-lppc-as-ahonaruogho-alabi-olawuyi-69-others-make-san-list/|accessdate=November 17, 2020|publisher=Nation News|date=2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nigerian News|first=Nigerian Lawyers|title=Meet The Youngest Academic To Become A Senior Advocate Of Nigeria|url=https://thenigerialawyer.com/meet-the-youngest-academic-to-become-a-senior-advocate-of-nigeria/|accessdate=November 17, 2020|publisher=Nigerian Lawyers|date=November 15, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=The Gazelle|first=Newspaper|title=Oyetola Congratulates Prof. Olawuyi, Adesina, Hussein On Their Elevation To SAN|url=https://www.thegazellenews.com/2020/11/oyetola-congratulates-prof-olawuyi-adesina-hussein-on-their-elevation-to-san/|accessdate=November 17, 2020|publisher=The Gazelle News|date=November 17, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke ￼￼International Law Association￼.[7]  Ọ jere ozi dị ka BOK Visiting International Prọfesọ (VIP) na ￼￼University of Pennsylvania Law School￼, [8] nleta prọfesọ na ￼￼Columbia Law School￼, New York, [9] ￼ ￼ Mahadum ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị China  Sayensị na Iwu ￼, IAS Vanguard Fellow na ￼￼Mahadum Birmingham￼￼, [10] na ndị otu nyocha nleta nleta na ￼￼ Oxford Institute for Energy Studies￼.[11]  Na 2019, ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nleta Herbert Smith Freehills na Mahadum Cambridge￼.[12]  O meela nkuzi gbasara iwu ike na mba iri anọ.  N'afọ 2020, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara nọọrọ onwe ya na otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke African Union na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike mmadụ.[13]  N'afọ 2021, Onye isi ala ￼￼Muhammadu Buhari￼ họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye so na Board of the Nigeria￼￼Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative￼￼[14][15] Na 2022, onye isi ala họpụtara ya.  the ￼￼United Nations Human Rights Council￼￼ iji nọchite anya Africa dị ka onye ọkachamara nọọrọ onwe ya na otu UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights.[16]  Ọ na-ejide ￼￼UNESCO oche￼￼ na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na Mahadum Hamad Bin Khalifa￼, Doha, Qatar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2022|title=HBKU establishes Unesco Chair on environmental law and sustainability|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/717658/HBKU-establishes-Unesco-Chair-on-environmental-law|accessdate=2022-05-23|work=Gulf-Times|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aguma akwukwo ya ==
Nwa amaala Igbajo Town na Boluwaduro Local Government Area nke Osun State nke Nigeria, a mụrụ Olawuyi na [[Ibadan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nigerian|first=Tribune|title=Igbajo Town Celebrates 37-Year-Old Professor Turned SAN|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/igbajo-town-celebrates-37-year-old-professor-turned-san/|accessdate=January 2, 2021|work=Nigerian Tribune|date=December 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na INRI Nursery and Primary School, Ibadan ma gụchaa akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Igbinedion Secondary School, Benin City, ebe ọ nọdụrụ ma merie na ule West African School Certificate na 2000. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, a maara ya nke ọma dị ka &quot;Onye isi&quot; n'ihi mmasị ya na mba, iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ niile kachasị ewu ewu na Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Igbinedion, Okada, Naịjirịa na nzere mbụ na iwu, na ihe nrite niile dịnụ, a kpọkwara ya nwa akwụkwọ kacha mma na-agụsị akwụkwọ na Machịkwa Valedictorian (2005). N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke [[Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Nigeria|ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Naịjirịa]] nyere n'afọ ahụ (2006) wee bụrụ onye mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mahadum n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naịjiria iji nweta klas mbụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu nke Naịjaria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Okada University in Brief|work=Chief Gabriel Osawaru Igbinedion|url=http://igbinedion.net/index.html/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623204311/http://igbinedion.net/index.html/|archivedate=2010-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ya Gọọmentị Alberta Scholarship nke mere ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Calgary, Canada, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Master of Laws na ihe onwunwe, ike na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi (2008).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jeannesauve.org/scholar/damilola-olawuyi/|title=Damilola Olawuyi|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2023-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922150008/https://jeannesauve.org/scholar/damilola-olawuyi/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ natasịrị diplọma na International Environmental Law site na United Nations Institute for Training and Research, [[Switzerland]], ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Master of Laws na iwu mba ụwa na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (2009). N'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ya agụmakwụkwọ anọ (Clarendon Scholarship Award, Overseas Research Scholarship, Government of Canada's Social Science and Humanities Research Scholarships, na A G Leventis Scholarship) nke nyeere ya aka mezue Doctor of Philosophy in Law na Keble College, Oxford (2013).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/clarendon/scholar-class-lists/previous-scholars|work=University of Oxford|title=Previous scholars &amp;#124; Clarendon Scholarships &amp;#124; University of Oxford|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2022-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808111844/https://www.ox.ac.uk/clarendon/scholar-class-lists/previous-scholars}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olawuyi bipụtara The Human Rights Based Approach to Carbon Finance na 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Human Rights Based Approach to Carbon Finance|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/CBO9781316226285|isbn=9781316226285|edition=Hard Back|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/human-rightsbased-approach-to-carbon-finance/0EC997B8FDB4A60B7ACEF2BA766CFCFF#fndtn-information|author=Olawuyi|first=Damilola S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ ahụ, nke bụ mbipụta gbasaa nke thesis doctoral ya, natara International Law Association (Nigeria) Book Prize na 2016.

Olawuyi bụ onye nwere ikike nke ụlọ mmanya Nigeria, Alberta, Canada na Ontario, Canada.  O meela ma kuziere iwu na Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, na Middle East.  Ọ bụbu onye ọka iwu ike na Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP ebe ọ na-eje ozi na kọmitii zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ maka itinye ego na-ewepụta na Africa.[1]  O mechara bụrụ osote onye isi, Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na Center for International Governance Innovation, Waterloo, Canada.[2].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cigionline.org/person/damilola-s-olawuyi|work=Centre for International Governance Innovation|publisher=Centre for International Governance Innovation|title=Damilola S. Olawuyi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olawuyi's research interest focuses on sustainable development, with expertise in petroleum, natural resources, energy, environment, and agricultural law.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.damilolaolawuyi.com/bio|work=Damilola Olawuyi: About|title=Prof. Damilola Olawuyi Bio}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since he became a full professor, he has supervised several undergraduate and postgraduate students. He had published several scholarly articles in reputable academic journal as well as conference abstracts and monograph.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Damilola Olawuyi: About|url=https://www.damilolaolawuyi.com/bio}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olawuyi has published close to a hundred articles, book chapters and books on petroleum law, energy and international environmental law. His most recent book publications include ''Environmental Law in Arab States'' (Oxford University Press, 2022),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/environmental-law-in-arab-states-9780192896186?subjectcode2=1803423%7CLAW00320&amp;type=listing&amp;facet_narrowbyprice_facet=50to100&amp;facet_narrowbybinding_facet=Hardcover&amp;facet_narrowbyproducttype_facet=Digital&amp;facet_narrowbypubdate_facet=Next%203%20months&amp;lang=en&amp;cc=us|title=Environmental Law in Arab States|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-289618-6|location=Oxford, New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets'' (Cambridge University Press, 2021),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets {{!}} Environmental law|url=https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/law/environmental-law/local-content-and-sustainable-development-global-energy-markets,%20https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/law/environmental-law|accessdate=2022-05-23|work=Cambridge University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Climate Change Law and Policy in the MENA Region'' (Routledge, 2021),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region|url=https://www.routledge.com/Climate-Change-Law-and-Policy-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-Region/Olawuyi/p/book/9780367490324|accessdate=2022-05-23|work=Routledge &amp; CRC Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Human Rights-Based Approach to Carbon Finance'' (Cambridge University Press, 2016)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Human Rights Based Approach to Carbon Finance|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107105515|url=https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/law/environmental-law/human-rights-based-approach-carbon-finance?format=HB}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Extractives Industry Law in Africa'' (Springer, 2018).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Extractives Industry Law in Africa|date=2018|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-97664-8|pages=380|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319976631}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olawuyi enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na mkpakọrịta. Ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara nke mba na mba ụwa gụnyere Academic Advisory Group nke International Bar Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Academic Advisory Group|url=https://www.ibanet.org/LPD/SEERIL/AcademicAdvisoryGroup.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502113818/https://www.ibanet.org/LPD/SEERIL/AcademicAdvisoryGroup.aspx|archivedate=2015-05-02|work=International Bar Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, a họpụtara Olawuyi dị ka onye ọkachamara nke Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ Federal na National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency Bill, Kọmitii na gburugburu ebe obibi, Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya Federal, Gọọmentị Naịjirịa, Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenigerialawyer.com/professor-damilola-s-olawuyi-appointed-as-deputy-vice-chancellor-at-afe-babalola-university-ado-ekiti/|work=Nigerian Lawyers|title=Professor Damilola S Olawuyi appointed as Deputy Vice Chancellor at Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti|date=October 12, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olawuyi bụ onye na-akọwa mgbasa ozi mgbe niile n'akụkụ niile nke ihe onwunwe okike, ike, na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olawuyi: 'International law emphasizes need for consent of communities that may be affected by activity or project'|url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/international-law-emphasizes-need-for-consent-of-communities-that-may-be-affected-by-activity-or-project/?F|work=Guardian Newspaper|date=March 5, 2019|publisher=Guardian Newspaper|accessdate=October 2, 2023|archivedate=December 7, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180724/https://guardian.ng/features/law/international-law-emphasizes-need-for-consent-of-communities-that-may-be-affected-by-activity-or-project/?F}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2023: American Society of International Law, Certificate of Merit maka nkà na ụzụ dị elu na uru nye ndị ọka iwu na ndị ọkà mmụta, maka ''Iwu Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na'' Arab States (Oxford University Press, 2022).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-04|title=U.S. Society of International Law honours Nigerian, Olawuyi|url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/u-s-society-of-international-law-honours-nigerian-olawuyi/|accessdate=2023-04-06|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406062421/https://guardian.ng/features/law/u-s-society-of-international-law-honours-nigerian-olawuyi/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gbenga-Ogundare|first=Yejide|date=2023-04-05|title=SAN bags prestigious book prize|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/?p=660786|accessdate=2023-04-06|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020: Onye isi ọkàiwu nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=PROFILE: Meet Olawuyi, Nigeria's youngest SAN who became a law professor at 32|url=https://www.thecable.ng/profile-meet-olawuyi-37-year-old-san-law-professor-32|accessdate=2023-03-26|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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  <page>
    <title>Donald Duke</title>
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Donald Duke {{Audio|Ig-Donald_Duke.ogg|audio}} listeni (amụrụ na 30 Septemba 1961 na Calabar) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Donald Duke gee ntị na Calabar Ọ bụ Gọvanọ nke Cross River State, Naịjirịa site na 29 Mee 1999 ruo 29 Mee 2007 na onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala Naịjirị nke 2019 maka Social Democratic Party, SDP. Gọvanọ Cross River Steeti Nigeria 1999 Social Democratic Party&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nnochiri|first=Ikechukwu|title=Breaking: A-Court affirms Duke as SDP Presidential candidate|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/breaking-a-court-affirms-duke-as-sdp-presidential-candidate/|work=Vanguard|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=13 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Toromade|first=Samson|title=Ex-Governor officially declares to run for president in 2019|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/donald-duke-ex-governor-officially-declares-to-run-for-president-in-2019/43pd5yz|work=Pulse|date=9 June 2018|accessdate=13 February 2019|archivedate=13 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183457/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/donald-duke-ex-governor-officially-declares-to-run-for-president-in-2019/43pd5yz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na agụmakwụkwọ ==
YA mụrụ Duke n'aka Henry Etim Duke onye bụ nwa amaala nke abụọ (mgbe Ayodele Diyan gasịrị) na onye na-arụ ọrụ kachasị ogologo oge nke Controller General nke Nigeria Customs Service (nke a na-akpọ mgbe ahụ Chairman board of Customs and excise duties).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/reforming-the-nigeria-customs-service.151796/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2023-10-03 |archivedate=2020-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506043644/https://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/reforming-the-nigeria-customs-service.151796/ }}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara Corona School, Lagos na Federal Government College, Sokoto. Federal Government College, Sokoto&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200609030155.html|title=Nigeria: Term Limits for Elected Office Holders Undemocratic, Gov. Donald Duke|author=Ogunbiyi|first=Yemi|date=3 September 2006|publisher=AllAfrica|accessdate=2019-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ natara akara ugo mmụta LLB ya na 1982 na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria - Nigeria, B.L na 1983 na Nigerian Law School, Lagos na L.L.M. na Business Law na Admiralty na 1984 na Mahadụ Pennsylvania. LLB Ahmadu Bello Mahadum Iwu Naijiria Lagos Mahadum Pennsylvania&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/tarticles/tension_in_calabar.htm%5B%5D|title=nigerdeltacongress.com|work=www.nigerdeltacongress.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
N'ịbụ onye na-ebute ụzọ n'ụgwọ Naijiria, Duke gbara mbọ maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na megide nchịkwa ndị agha. Ndị agha Naịjirịa O kwuru; &quot;Ihe mere ka ndị agha ghara ịchịkwa ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya kama ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọjọọ nke akụ na ụba. Ọ bụrụ na anyị, gọọmentị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, enweghị ike ịnye nri maka ọtụtụ ndị anyị nwere ike ichefu banyere ọchịchị onye kwuo ike. &quot;

Na 8 June 2018, Duke kwupụtara mmasị ịzọ ọkwa onye isi ala na 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/donald-duke-officially-declares-to-run-for-president-in-2019-id8475744.html|title=Ex-Governor officially declares to run for president in 2019|date=9 June 2018|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=13 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713104140/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/donald-duke-officially-declares-to-run-for-president-in-2019-id8475744.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Tuzdee, 4 Septemba 2018, Duke mgbe ọ gbachiri nkịtị banyere otu ọ ga-agba ọsọ maka onye isi ala, mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ PDP ma gbaa ọsọ n'okpuru SDP. PDP&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/donald-duke-dumps-pdp-picks-sdp-presidential-form/|title=Donald Duke dumps PDP, picks SDP presidential form|work=Punch Newspapers|accessdate=2018-09-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mọnde, 14 June 2021, ndị isi pati ahụ nabatara Duke n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na PDP mgbe afọ abụọ nke ịpụ na SDP iji sonye na asọmpi onye isi ala. O kwuru ihe ụfọdụ mere o ji pụọ na-ekwu na pati ahụ leghaara anya ma hapụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụkpụrụ ha ma gbaa ume ka pati ahụ laghachi na ụkpụrụ ndị a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-15|title=Donald Duke rejoins PDP after disastrous SDP run|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/donald-duke-rejoins-pdp-after-disastrous-sdp-run/w6s31b0|accessdate=2021-07-31|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị gọvanọ nke Cross River State

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Dimaku Fidelis</title>
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Dimaku Fidelis Tochukwu (amụrụ na 22 Eprel 1989, na Lagos) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere Hapoel Acre F.C. Dimaku Fidlis Tochukwu Lagos onye na-agba ọsọ bọọlụ Hapoel acre F. C.&lt;ref name=&quot;Footballdatabase.eu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.dimaku.fidelis.116565.en.html|title=Dimaku Fidelis|publisher=Footballdatabase.eu|accessdate=August 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Fidelis gbara bọọlụ na Ironi Nir Ramat HaSharon nke ngalaba nke abụọ na Israel; mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ maka otu ndị ntorobịa nke Beitar Jerusalem. Ironi Nir Ramat HaSharon Israel Beitar Jerusalem&lt;ref&gt;http://www.sport5.co.il/articles.aspx?FolderID=418&amp;docID=79117&amp;lang=HE{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.beitar-jerusalem.net/article_2330|publisher=Beitar-jerusalem.net|date=2007-09-04|accessdate=2012-09-11|language=Hebrew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ nke ọma tupu ọ banye na Hapoel Acre F.C. na Israel Premier League. Hapoel Acre F.C. Israel Premier League&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eng.football.org.il/Leagues/Pages/PlayerDetails.aspx?PLAYER_ID=85165|title=The Israel Football Association|publisher=football.org.il|date=|accessdate=2012-09-11|archivedate=2012-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926075124/http://eng.football.org.il/Leagues/Pages/PlayerDetails.aspx?PLAYER_ID=85165}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na August 21, 2011 a kọrọ na mgbasa ozi Israel na Fidelis na-akwaga na ndị mmeri Serbia Partizan Belgrade, [1] ma onyeisi oche nke Hapoel Acre kagburu akụkọ ahụ, na-ajụ ire onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ.[2]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.one.co.il/Cat/Articles/Article.aspx?id=185617&amp;Bz=9&amp;categoryid=1&amp;tableid=1|publisher=One.co.il|date=|accessdate=2012-09-11|language=Hebrew|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2016-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306134516/http://www.one.co.il/Cat/Articles/Article.aspx?id=185617&amp;Bz=9&amp;categoryid=1&amp;tableid=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4112792,00.html
Fidelis Tochukwu Dimaku . Israel Football Association. Retrieved August 30, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ọ gbara egwuregwu 3 maka ndị otu nrọ nke Nigeria na 2011 CAF U-23 Championship ọ dị nwute na ha erughị eru maka asọmpi Olympic.[&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201104260266.html Fidelis Tochukwu Dimaku . AllAfrica. Retrieved April 25, 2011.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://charlesanthonylaw.com/|title=Charles Anthony LLP – Meeting The Challenges Of A World In Constant Evolution}}&lt;/ref&gt;Charles Ayodeji Adeogun-Phillips ( Iye 6 Maachị 1966 na London, England) bụ onye bụbu onye ikpe gbasara mpụ na mpụ agha nke United Nations, onye ọka iwu mba ụwa na onye Charles Anthony (Ndị ọka iwu) LLP.

== ndabere ==
Ọ bụ nwa Prọfesọ Anthony Adeyemi Adeogun, onye bụ Prọfesọ Emeritus nke Iwu azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ na osote onye isi oche, Mahadum Lagos, na ngwaahịa n'iwu ọrụ mba ụwa.  [1] Nne ya, Margaret Amba Ayinke Adeogun (née Williams), bụ ike na midwife lagoro ezumike nka.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/nigeriannames/ad.asp?blurb=4660|title=Ayodeji|work=Online Nigeria: Nigerian Names and meanings|accessdate=20 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ nwa nwa Phillip Bamgbose na Theresa Fatola Adeogun nke Ajale Compound Igbajo, Osun State, Federal Republic of Nigeria, na Henry Isaac Kobina-Badu Williams, nke Cape Coast, Republic of Ghana na Joanna Olasumbo Williams nke Itesi, Abeokuta, Ogun Steeti,  Federal Republic of Nigeria .  Aha ya &quot;Ayodeji&quot; sere &quot;Ahụrị m okpukpu abụọ&quot; na Yoruba .

.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na CMS Grammar School, Lagos, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndekọ mbụ nke Nigeria (nke ntọala ntọala na 1859) na n'ibu akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Britain a ma ama, Repton (nke ntọala ntọala na 1557).  Ọ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum Warwick ebe ọ mmụta akwụkwọ na 1989 na na School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Mahadum London, bụ ebe ọ ikike nzere masters na iwu na 1994. A nabatara dị ka Barrister na onye ọka iwu nke ndị nwe ikpe ikpe.  Kasị Elu nke Nigeria na 1992 na na 1996, dịka onye ọka iwu nke Ndịikpe Kasị Elu nke England na Wales.  N'afọ 2019, Alma Mata ya, Mahadum Warwick, gosiri ya ka ọ gwa ụmụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'afọ ahụ.

Charles sonyeere Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) na United Nations International Criminal Tribunal maka Rwanda (UN-ICTR) dị ka onye akwụkwọ gbasara iwu, site na omume dị ka onye ọka iwu na United Kingdom, ebe onye isi ọka ikpe nke UN n nyocha.  'oge ahụ.  -ICTY/UN-ICTR, Ọkaikpe Louise Arbor (Onyeikpe nke Onyeikpe Kasị Elu nke Canada na emesịa UN High Commissioner for Human Rights) na Jenụwarị 1998

. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-04-23|title=Fighting for justice after genocide in Rwanda|url=https://lacuna.org.uk/justice/fighting-for-justice-after-rwanda-genocide-interview-charles-adeogun-phillips/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=Lacuna Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na Ma ọchịchị 2001, mgbe ọ dị afọ 35, onye ọka ikpe nke UN-ICTY/UN-ICTR n'oge ahụ, bụ Ms. Carla Del Ponte (onye bụbu Attorney-General nke Switzerland), nchọpụta ya dị ka onye ọka iwu ukwu  na onye ndu ọkpa iwu maka onye ọkpa iwu.  otu osisi Kibuye na Kigali-ime obodo na OTP.  Iwu ya bụ iduru otu ndị ọka iwu mpụ na ndịyọ na-ekpechite ọnụ ndị mmadụ bụ ndị buru oke ọrụ maka ogbugbu ndị dị na mpaghara Kibuye, Bisesero na Bugesera - ebe ndị Tutsi siri ike [1] [2] n'oge mgbukpọ.  tupu 1994 Rwandan.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi mgbaka iche na UN-ICTR n'etiti 2008 na 2009, ebe onye ọka ikpe nke UN-ICTR n'oge ahụ àmà ya, Justice Hassan B. Jallow (Chief Justice nke Gambia).

N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri, n'etiti 2000 na 2010, Charles gara nke ọma duru otu ìgwè nke ndị ọkàiwu mba ụwa na ndị nyocha na nhazi 12 dị mgbagwoju anya na mpụ mgbukpọ na mpụ agha n'ihu UN-ICTR, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ọka iwu igbuchapụ agbụrụ kacha nwee ahụmahụ na nke ọma. akụkọ ihe mere eme. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CHARLES ADEOGUN-PHILLIPS|url=https://charlesadeogunphillips.academia.edu/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=charlesadeogunphillips.academia.edu|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518003546/https://charlesadeogunphillips.academia.edu/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Site na ikpe mpụ agha nke Nuremberg na Tokyo na 1940 na-eje ozi dị ka naanị ihe mbụ, ọrụ Charles dị ka ọka onye iwu na-edu ndú, na-alụ ogụ maka ikpe ziri ezi n'aha ihe 800,000 ndị mpụ.  njọ njọ nke ihe a mmadụ maara, debere ya n'ihu nke ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ ụzọ.  asụsụ na ngalaba nke iwu ndị na mpụ nke mba ụwa, na-agbakọta n' akwụkwọ ndị na-eso ụzọ nke “Who's Who in Public International Law” na 2007 yana na Akwụkwọ Afọ Mba Nile na Ndị Onye Na-ahụ na 2011  .

Ikpe ikpe mgbukpọ ọnụ nke ọ dugara n'etiti 2001 na 2002 [1] [2] [3] nke Dr. Gerard Ntakirutimana na nna ya, pastọ Elizaphan Ntakirutimana [4] [5] - onye isi nke Seventh Day Adventist Church nke e  bufere gaa n' ewepụikpe UN sitere na United States - bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ onye America bụ Philip Gourevitch dere, nke isiokwu ya bụ anyị ike ịgwa gị na Echi ga-egbu anyị na akara anyị .

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICTR-95-1B {{!}} United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/cases/ictr-95-1b|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=unictr.irmct.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICD - Muhimana - Asser Institute|url=http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/105/Muhimana/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518003548/http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/105/Muhimana/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ durukwa ikpe nke onye n'ike n'ike n'ike Mikaeli Muhimana, [1] ebubo ebubo ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na obi ndị ekere ụmụ ekere, n'etiti 2004 na 2005. Okwu Muhimana mere ka o doo anya ma wulite ikike.  nke ụlọ ikpe ndị omempụ mba ụwa na ihe ndị isi iwu na mkpa nke mpụ idina mmadụ n'ike n'ihe gbasara nnukwu ọnụ na mpụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.

N'agbata 2006 na 2007, Charles duuru ikpe ikpe ahụ dị elu nke Francois Karera, [1] [2] onye bụbu Gọvanọ Kigali-ime obodo boro ebubo iduzi na isonye na ogbugbu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ 5,000 ( puku ise) Tutsi gba ụgbọ mmiri.  na ebe ahụ.  ọyọka njọ Ntarama na 15 ika 1994 na n'ime ndị na-eso Tutsi 50,000 ( puku iri ise) ọzọ mpaghara Nyamata ka nke ahụ ofufe.  Ụka Ntarama [3] na ebe ogbugbu Nyamata abụrụla ebe n'ime ebe ebe ogbugbu isii na Rwanda.

N'ịbụ onye duziri iri ụka dị anya anya na Vincent Rutaganira, [1] Paul Bisengimana [2] na Juvenal Rugambarara [3] ikpe n'etiti 2004 na 2007 nke butere nkeji ikpe mara oke iwu mba ụwa, Adeogun-Phillips bụ bụ  otu n'ime ole na ole.  ndị ọka iwu mba ụwa n'ụwa ndị aka na ike na omume nke mmepụta ụka ikpe ikpe n'ihe gbasara mpụ mba ụwa buru ibu.

Charles durukwa otu ndị ọka iwu mba ofesi na ikpegharị Lt. Col Tharcisse Muvunyi, n'etiti 17 June na 2 October 2009, na ebubo nke ịkpali ọha na eze ozugbo ime mkpochapụ. Ọ durula ikpe mbụ n'okwu ikpe n'etiti 28 February 2005 na 23 June 2006 nke na-esochi onye ahụ a gbara akwụkwọ ikpe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICTR-00-55 {{!}} United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/cases/ictr-00-55|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=unictr.irmct.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, na 29 Ọgọst 2008, Ụlọ Mkpegharị Mkpegharị weghaara ikpe niile e kpere n'ikpe megide onye a na-azara ọnụ ma nye iwu ka a maliteghachi ya na ebubo nke ịkpali ọha na eze kpọmkwem iji mee mgbukpọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muvunyi Sentenced to 15 Years After Retrial {{!}} United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/muvunyi-sentenced-15-years-after-retrial|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=unictr.irmct.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpegharị ikpe Muvunyi na 2009 bụ nke mbụ ụdị ya n'ihu ụlọ ikpe mpụ nke mba ụwa.

Nnwale mgbuchapụ ndị ọzọ ama ama nke mba ụwa ọ duru gụnyere nke onye bụbu osote gọvanọ, Dominique Ntawukulilyayo, na 2009 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-04-18|title=allAfrica.com: Rwanda: Trial of Former Sub-Prefect Ntawukulilyayo Opens|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905070384.html|accessdate=2021-05-17|archivedate=18 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418193100/http://allafrica.com/stories/200905070384.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Appeals Chamber Affirms Ntawukulilyayo's Conviction but Reduces his Sentence {{!}} Nations Unies Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda|url=https://unictr.irmct.org/fr/node/118|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=unictr.irmct.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-07-11|title=06.05.09 - ICTR/NTAWUKULILYAYO - TRIAL OF FORMER SUB-PREFECT NTAWUKULILYAYO OPENS-Hirondelle News Agency - Fondation Hirondelle - Arusha|url=http://www.hirondellenews.com/content/view/12340/533/|accessdate=2021-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808184457/https://web.archive.org/web/20110711170820/http://www.hirondellenews.com/content/view/12340/533/|archivedate=8 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nke onye bụbu minista ego, Emmanuel Ndindabahizi n'etiti 2003 na 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICTR-01-71 {{!}} United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/cases/ictr-01-71|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=unictr.irmct.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-08-07|title=Ndindabahizi Emmanuel {{!}} Radio Netherlands Worldwide|url=http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/ndindabahizi-emmanuel|accessdate=2021-05-17|archivedate=7 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807052815/http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/ndindabahizi-emmanuel}}&lt;/ref&gt; ] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-08-07|title=Ndindabahizi Emmanuel {{!}} Radio Netherlands Worldwide|url=http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/ndindabahizi-emmanuel|accessdate=2021-05-17|archivedate=7 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807052815/http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/ndindabahizi-emmanuel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ gbasara ikpe na ikpe Ignace Bagilshema &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-08-07|title=Where was Alfred Musema ? {{!}} Radio Netherlands Worldwide|url=http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/where-was-alfred-musema|accessdate=2021-05-17|archivedate=7 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807052830/http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/where-was-alfred-musema}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Alfred Musema n'etiti 1999 na 2000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2001-06-07|title=Rwanda shocked at Arusha acquittal|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1375848.stm|accessdate=2021-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Musema's genocide conviction upheld {{!}} United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/musema%E2%80%99s-genocide-conviction-upheld|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=unictr.irmct.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Dị ka onye ọka iwu mba ụwa, Charles meri n'Ụdịnwa ụfọdụ ụfọdụ ndị ọka iwu na-ahụ ndị omekome kacha ewu ewu n'ụwa Ramsey Clarke --onye ọka iwu 66th Attorney-General nke United States (1967-69) [  1] na onye ọka iwu nye ndị na-ese okwu dị ka Slobodan Milošević., Radovan Karadžić na Saddam Hussein ;  Edward Medvene-- onye nọchitere anya Fred Goldman na omume obodo egwu OJ Simpson maka ogbugbu nke nwa ya nwoke, Ron Goldman ;  Onye ọka iwu French, François Roux;  na Steven Kay, QC, onye ọka iwu nke nchọpụta maka onye bụbu onye isi ala Serbia Slobodan Milošević

. Ụbọchị ya n'aha ndị lanarịrịnụ na ndị e gburu gburu nke Rwandan abụrụla isiokwu nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Court of Remorse [1] nke Thierry Cruvellier (Wisconsin Press 2010);  Arịrịọ ikpe mara na iwu mpụ mba ofesi [2] nke Nancy Combs na pụta na-eduga ikpe ikpe mpụ nke mba ụwa [3] nke André Klip na Goran Sluiter (Intersentia 2005).  Ọ na-akọwa na akwụkwọ UN, Towards Reconciliation

Yana ndị ọzọ na-eduga mba iwu mpụ iwu, Charles nyere aka n'akwụkwọ: ''International Criminal Investigations: Law and Practice'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIIoygEACAAJ&amp;q=International+Criminal+Investigations:+Law+and+Practice|title=International Criminal Investigations: Law and Practice|first=Akingbolahan|author=Adeniran|date=15 March 2019|publisher=Eleven International Publishing|isbn=9789462369399}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke Eleven na Hague bipụtara na 2017. O bipụtakwala ọtụtụ akụkọ n'akụkụ iwu mpụ mba ụwa, ụgwọ ndị a na-ata ahụhụ na &quot;ụkpụrụ mmekọ&quot; na Rome Statute nke ICC. Akpọrọ ya òkù dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu ọbịa na ọtụtụ mmemme TV nke mba na mba yana n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ a ma ama n'ụwa niile n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke nyocha na ịgba akwụkwọ maka mpụ mba ụwa, iwu mba ụwa, nrụrụ aka, ịchụpụ na / ma ọ bụ iweghachi ihe ndị zuru ohi, ụgwọ ndị e merụrụ na / ma ọ bụ nkwughachi.   Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi ọbịa na iwu gbasara ọdịmma mmadụ na mba ụwa na National Defence College, Nigeria na na Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Counter-Terrorism in Nigeria – the Rule of law and strategies for law enforcement – BNLF|url=https://bnlf.org.uk/event/counter-terrorism-in-nigeria-the-rule-of-law-and-strategies-for-law-enforcement/|accessdate=2021-05-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-16|title=Wayamo and NIALS first joint international criminal law and international humanitarian law course|url=https://www.wayamo.com/archives/wayamo-and-nials-first-joint-international-criminal-law-and-international-humanitarian-law-course/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=Wayamo Foundation|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICCBA-ABCPI {{!}} Focal Points|url=https://www.iccba-abcpi.org/focalpoints|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=ICCBA-ABCPI|language=en|archivedate=2021-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414164520/https://www.iccba-abcpi.org/focalpoints}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na June 2010, na-agba ọsọ ọrụ UN ya a ma ama, Charles la omume na omume onwe wee guzobe Charles Anthony (Ndị ọka iwu) LLP, ụlọ ọrụ na-agafe agafe nke ndị na-ahụ maka iwu na Lagos na London, nwere ike  na iwu mpụ mba ụwa na iwu ndị ruuru mmadụ, eserese anya ọcha- mpụ olu, na ihe mgbake akụ mba ụwa.  [1] nabatara ya ugbu a ka onye ọrụ dị ka onye ndepụta ndepụta n'ihu ọtụtụ ụlọ ikpe mba ụwa na mpaghara International Criminal Court (ICC), [2] Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), [3] United  Nations Residual Mechanism for International Tribunals (UNMIT) na Ndị Ikpe Afrịka na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ na ndị mmadụ na Tanzania (AfCHPR).  Nwa afọ 2018, ọ jerela ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ International Criminal Court Bar Association's focal point maka Naijiria.

N'afọ 2013, mgbe ọ na-anọchite anya onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tanzania nke nkwuwa okwu, onye nwụrụ anwụ Rev Christopher Mtikila, n'okwu ikpe mara mma na nke mbụ megide United Republic of Tanzania n'ihu Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Africa, ọ gara nke ọma n'amachibido iwu iwu Tanzania megidere iwu. ndoro-ndoro ochichi nọọrọ onwe ya maka nhọpụta n'ọkwa ọchịchị dịka mmebi iwu nke African Charter on Human and People's Rights. Mtikila vs. Okwu ikpe Tanzania bụ ikpe mbụ nke ụlọ ikpe a kwuru gbasara uru ya kemgbe mmalite ya na 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-02-17|title=A Watershed Case for African Human Rights: Mtikila and others v. Tanzania|url=https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/a-watershed-case-for-african-human-rights-mtikila-and-others-v-tanzania/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=OHRH|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tanganyika Law Society &amp; Anor v. The United Republic of Tanzania (PDF)|url=https://www.african-court.org/en/images/Cases/Judgment/Judgment%20Application%20009-011-2011%20Rev%20Christopher%20Mtikila%20v.%20Tanzania.pdf|accessdate=17 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126182029/https://www.african-court.org/en/images/Cases/Judgment/Judgment%20Application%20009-011-2011%20Rev%20Christopher%20Mtikila%20v.%20Tanzania.pdf|archivedate=26 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa okwu ikpe mbụ nke Ụlọikpe ga-ekpebi maka onye na-arịọ arịrịọ na ikpe mbụ n'ihu Ụlọikpe gbasara nkwụghachi ụgwọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Makulilo|first=Alexander B.|date=December 2013|title=Tanganyika Law Society and the Legal and Human Rights Centre V. Tanzania and rev. Christopher R. Mtikila V. Tanzania (Afr. CT. H.R.)|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-legal-materials/article/abs/tanganyika-law-society-and-the-legal-and-human-rights-centre-v-tanzania-and-rev-christopher-r-mtikila-v-tanzania-afr-ct-hr/5270B84E83A92640D8FE96B9E4EE57FF|journal=International Legal Materials|language=en|volume=52|issue=6|pages=1327–1362|doi=10.5305/intelegamate.52.6.1327|issn=0020-7829}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Omume ndụmọdụ ya na iwu mpụ na mba ụwa gụnyere inye ndụmọdụ ọkachamara na ndị agha High Command na Nigeria gbasara nyocha mbụ nke ICC malitere n'ime mpụ megidere mmadụ na / ma ọ bụ mpụ agha e mere na ọnọdụ nke agha n'etiti &quot; Boko Haram” na ndị nchekwa Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ọ na-adụkwa ndị ọchịchị Afrịka dị iche iche ndụmọdụ gbasara okwu ikpe ziri ezi gbasara mgbanwe ICC. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Charles A. Adeogun-Phillips – Charles Anthony LLP|url=https://charlesanthonylaw.com/charles-a-adeogun-phillips/|accessdate=2021-05-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

He has acted on matters involving corruption, asset forfeiture, money laundering&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EFCC Urges Final Forfeiture Of Funds Allegedly Diverted By Allison-Madueke|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/01/24/efcc-urges-final-forfeiture-funds-allegedly-diverted-allison-madueke/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-01|title=Diezani cash: Ex-bank chief appeals N9.08bn forfeiture judgment|url=https://punchng.com/ex-bank-chief-appeals-n9-08bn-forfeiture-judgment/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-02-16|title=Court orders final forfeiture of $153m linked to Alison-Madueke, First Bank Director -|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/court-orders-final-forfeiture-of-153m-linked-to-alison-madueke-first-bank-director/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-13|title=Supreme Court orders EFCC to return N9 billion to ex-First Bank director, Dauda Lawal|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/448585-supreme-court-orders-efcc-to-return-n9-billion-to-ex-first-bank-director-dauda-lawal.html|accessdate=2021-05-18|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; and fraud (including tracing the proceeds of fraud), international recognition of anti-money laundering protocols and jurisdictional issues.

In 2016, Charles was appointed by the Attorney-General of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to lead the unprecedented corruption trials of senior judicial officers, including a serving Judge of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the late Honourable Justice Sylvester Ngwuta, JSC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alleged Money Laundering: Justice Ngwuta Pleads Not Guilty, Granted Bail|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/11/21/alleged-money-laundering-justice-ngwuta-pleads-not-guilty-granted-bail/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blueprint|date=2016-11-22|title=Ngwuta, S' Court Justice arraigned, gets N100m bail|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/ngwuta-s-court-justice-arraigned-gets-n100m-bail/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2016-11-21|title=Nigerian Supreme Court judge charged with corruption|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38053755|accessdate=2021-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Since 2017, Charles has been retained by the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria to investigate, trace and recover over 5 trillion Naira (14 billion US Dollars) currently owed to the Nigerian Government, following its acquisition in 2011, of non-performing loans from some of the country’s ailing commercial banks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-07-22|title=AMCON takes possession of Gateway Portland Cement over N3b debt|url=https://guardian.ng/news/amcon-takes-possession-of-gateway-portland-cement-over-n3b-debt/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518003547/https://guardian.ng/news/amcon-takes-possession-of-gateway-portland-cement-over-n3b-debt/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=InvestAdvocate|date=2017-07-21|title=Unpaid Debt: AMCON Takes Over Gateway Portland Cement -|url=https://investadvocate.com.ng/2017/07/21/unpaid-debt-amcon-takes-gateway-portland-cement/|accessdate=2021-05-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;

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    <title>J. L. Austin</title>
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[[Category:Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters|influencesJ. L. Austin]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters|influencedJ. L. Austin]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
. &lt;ref&gt;[[G. J. Warnock|Warnock, G. J.]] &quot;John Langshaw Austin, a biographical sketch&quot;. ''[[iarchive:symposiumonjlaus0000fann|Symposium on J. L. Austin]]'', ed. K.T. Fann. New York: Humanities Press, 1969. p. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;John Langshaw Austin, OBE, FBA (26 Maachị 1911 – 8 Febrụwarị 1960) bụ onye ọkà ihe na-enye Britain na onye isi na-akwado ihe ncheta, nke a kacha mara amara maka ihie nke omume okwu.

Austin rụtụrụ aka na anyị na-eji asụsụ ''eme'' ihe nakwa iji ''kwupụta'' ihe, nakwa na okwu nke okwu dị ka &quot;M kwere nkwa ime so-na-so&quot; ka a ghọtara nke ọma dị ka ''ime'' ihe ''- ime nkwa -'' kama ime ihe. nkwupụta banyere ihe ọ bụla. N'ihi ya, aha nke otu n'ime ọrụ ya a ma ama, ''Otu esi eji okwu eme ihe'' .

Austin, n'inye echiche ya nke omume okwu, na-eme nnukwu ihe ịma aka na nkà ihe ngosi nke, ụdị nanị pụta otu klas nke ụdị morphological nke na-arụ ọrụ ime ihe ha hụrụ aha.

== Ndụ ==
A egwuregwu Austin na Lancaster, England, nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Geoffrey Langshaw Austin (1884-1971), onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ, na Mary Hutton Bowes-Wilson (1883-1948; née Wilson).  Na 1921 mpaghara kwagara Scotland, ebe nna Austin ekiri nke St Leonards School, St Andrews.  Austin akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Shrewsbury School na 1924, na-enweta akwụkwọ na Classics, wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ klaas na Balliol College, Oxford, na 1929.

Na 1930 Austin mbụ nke mbụ na Classical Moderations (Greek na Latin) na n'afọ sochirinụ ihe nrite Gaisford maka prose Greek.  Na achị na 1933 ọ ezinụlọ nke mbụ na Literae Humaniores (Philosophy and Ancient History).  [1] Literae Humaniores webatara Austin na nkà ihe nkiri siri ike ma nye ya nri ogologo ndụ na Aristotle .  [2] Austin ebute nrite na All Souls College, Oxford n'afọ ahụ, ma e ịbụ enyi na Isaiah Berlin, ọ dịghị ngwaọrụ na usoro usoro ya, [3] wee ozizi ozizi mbụ ya na 1935, dịka onye nkuzi na  onye nkuzi na Magdalen .  College, Oxford.

Mmasị mbụ Austin Aristotle, Kant, Leibniz, na [[Plato]] (karịsịa Theaetetus ).  egwu ya nke oge a egwu GE Moore, John Cook Wilson na HA Prichard .  Chris ndị dị ugbu a kpụrụ echiche ha nkà nkà ihe mmụta izugbe na-adabere na nlebara anya nke ọma na na-ekiri ndị a kapịrị ọnụ nke anyị na-eme.  Ha weere ikpe anyị ka ọ dị akara akara ikpe ikpe n'ozuzu.  Dị ka Guy Longworth si dee na Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy : &quot;Ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya na ụfọdụ nke ụzọ Austin iche maka nkà ihe ọmụmụ sitere na njikọ aka ya na atọ ikpeazụ [ie, Moore, Wilson, na  Prichard].&quot;

&lt;ref name=&quot;hacker&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210607213921/https://nakulkrishna.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/jl-austin-odnb.pdf Hacker, P. M. S. 'Austin, John Langshaw (1911–1960)'], in [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30505 online] (Archived 7 June 2021)&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/austin-john-langshaw-1911-1960|title=Austin, John Langshaw, 1911-1960 - memoir extract relating to military intelligence work|author=Warnock|first=G. J.|work=The British Academy|accessdate=2019-03-26|archivedate=26 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326172702/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/austin-john-langshaw-1911-1960}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'oge Agha nke egwuregwu Austin sonyeere ndị agha na July 1940, wee lụọ nwa akwụkwọ ya Jean Coutts na mmiri 1941. Austin jere ozi na British Intelligence Corps, na-eduga ndị isi 500. Amara dị ka &quot;ndị ikom Martians&quot;,  tace ndị ahụ ahụ maka D-Day akwụkwọ ndị ahụ aka ka ọ dị ala akụkụ ka a ghara anya ya.  [1] Austin ndị agha n'ọkwa nke lieutenant colonel na a kwanyere maka ọrụ isi ya na OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire ), French Croix de Guerre, na US Officer of the Legion of Merit

. &lt;ref name=&quot;hacker&quot;/&gt;Mgbe agha ahụ ọkụ Austin dị Prọfesọ nke Moral Philosophy nke White na Oxford, dị ka onye otu Prọfesọ nke Corpus Christi College .  N'ibipụta ngosi, ụgbọ mmiri ya ga-enwe ike nke ukwuu site na nkuzi ya na nkuzi yana, ngwaọrụ, ụtụtụ Satọde ama ama.

Austin gara Harvard na Berkeley na mid-fifties, na 1955 na-ebuga William James Lectures na Harvard nke ga-abụ otú e si eme ihe na okwu, ma na-enye seminarị na ngọpụ nke ihe ga-abanye n'ime &quot;Arọọ  maka Mgbaghara&quot;.  [1] Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ zutere ma mee enyi [[Noam Chomsky]] .  [2] Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Aristotelian Society site na 1956 ruo 1957.

. &lt;ref&gt;Rowe 2023, p. 579.&lt;/ref&gt;Tupu o ma ọ ga-anabata mmetụtaga Berkeley, Austin nwụrụ na 8 February 1960 mgbe ọ dị afọ 48, obere oge ka a na-akpa àgwà na ọrịa cancer akpa ume .  [1] [1] N'oge anwụ ya, ọ nọ na-emepe echiche nke semantic dabere na akara akara, na-eji gl-okwu Bekee dị ka data.

Otu esi eji okwu eme ihe (1955/1962) ma ihe anya bụ ọrụ kacha emetụta Austin.  N'eche ka echiche positivist, ọ na-arụrịta ụka, ndị na-enwe nwere eziokwu-ụkpụrụ na-etolite egosi nke oke okwu.

* Ozokwa, n'agbanyeghi na ha nwere ike were udi nke ahiriokwu negosi, a naghị eji ahịrịokwu ndị na-arụ ọrụ akọwa (ma ọ bụ &quot;constate&quot;) ma bụrụkwa eziokwu ma ọ bụ ụgha; ha enweghị eziokwu-uru.
* Nke abuo, ikwu otu n'ime ahịrịokwu ndị a n'ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị abụghị naanị &quot;ikwu&quot; ihe, kama ime otu ụdị omume. &lt;ref&gt;J.L. Austin, ''[[iarchive:HowToDoThingsWithWordsAUSTIN|How to Do Things with Words]]'', Second Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975) 5.&lt;/ref&gt;

Omume nke a na-eme mgbe ewepụtara 'okwu na-arụ ọrụ' bụ nke Austin mechara emetụta omume-okwu [1] ( ụdị ihe Austin nwere n'uche bụ ihe o mechara kpọwa ihe omume ).  apeere, ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekwu &quot;Ana m aha ụgbọ mmiri a Queen Elizabeth ,&quot; na ọnọdụ ndị dị mkpa n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, mgbe ahụ, ị ​​ga-eme ihe iche, ya bụ, ị ga-arụ ọrụ  nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.  Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ na-agụnye: “Ana m ewere nwoke a dị ka di m n'ụzọ iwu akwụkwọ,” e ji eme ememe na-eke, ma ọ bụ “Ana m enye nwanna m ihe nche a n'iche,  ” dị ka ọ na-eme n akwụkwọ ikike.  N'okwu atọ ahụ, a anaghị eji alụ ma ọ bụ kwupụta ihe mmadụ na-eme, kama ọ na-eji 'eme' ya n'ezie.

Mgbe ọtụtụ mgbalị iji chọtakwuo e ji mara ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, na mgbe o nwetasịrị ọtụtụ ihe isi ike, Austin na-eme ihe ọ na-akpọ &quot;mmalite ọhụrụ&quot;, nke ọ na-atụle &quot;karịa n'ozuzu uche nke na-ekwu ihe nwere ike ịbụ ime ihe, ma ọ bụ. n'ikwu ihe anyị na-eme ihe.&quot;

Dịka ọmụmaatụ: John Smith tụgharịrị na Sue Snub wee sị 'Uwe Jeff ọ na-acha uhie uhie? ', nke Sue zara 'Ee'. John emeputala usoro mmegharị ahụ nke na-ebute mmepụta nke ụfọdụ ụda. Austin kpọrọ omume dị otú ahụ ''ihe omume ụda olu'', wee kpọọ omume ahụ ''ekwentị'' . Okwu Jọn kwekọkwara n’usoro okwu okwu na ụtọasụsụ Bekee—ya bụ, Jọn ewepụtala ahịrịokwu Bekee. Austin kpọrọ nke a ''ihe omume phatic'', wee kpọọ okwu ndị dị otú ahụ ''phemes'' . John zoro aka na uwe elu Jeff, na agba uhie. Iji peme nwere echiche na nrụtụ aka nke ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke pere mpe bụ ikwupụta ''okwu'', na ime ''omume nkwuwa okwu'' . Rịba ama na rhemes bụ sub-klaasị nke phemes, nke n'aka nke ya bụ obere klas nke ekwentị. Mmadụ enweghị ike ịme reme na-emeghịkwa peme na ekwentị. Omume nke omume atọ a bụ ịrụ ọrụ nke ''ebe'' - ọ bụ omume nke ikwu ihe.

Eliciting an answer is an example of what Austin called a ''perlocutionary act'', omume rụrụ ''site'' n'ikwu ihe. Rịba ama na ọ bụrụ na mmadụ emee mkpagbu nke ọma, mmadụ na-enwekwa ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime ma okwu ụgha na ebe.

=== Okwu na-arụ ọrụ ===
Dị ka JL Austin si kwuo, &quot; okwu na-arụ ọrụ &quot; na-ezo aka na omume na-abaghị uru nke &quot;ime&quot;, ma ọ bụ &quot;ime&quot; ụfọdụ omume. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ndị mmadụ na-ekwu &quot;M kwere nkwa ime otú ahụ na otu a&quot;, ha na-emepụta ihe omume nke ime nkwa. N'okwu a, na-enweghị ntụpọ ọ bụla (nkwa ahụ na-emezu n'enweghị ntụpọ), &quot;okwu na-arụ ọrụ&quot; bụ &quot;obi ụtọ&quot;, ma ọ bụ iji okwu JL Austin, &quot;na-atọ ụtọ&quot;; ọ bụrụ na n'aka nke ọzọ, mmadụ emeghị ihe o kwere ná nkwa, ọ nwere ike ịbụ &quot;enweghị obi ụtọ&quot;, ma ọ bụ &quot;adịghị mma&quot;. Rịba ama na okwu na-arụ ọrụ abụghị eziokwu-uru, nke pụtara na ọ dịghị ihe e kwuru na a pụrụ ikpe dabere n'eziokwu ma ọ bụ ụgha.

Enwere ụdị ihe ngosi anọ dịka Austin siri kwuo: nke doro anya, nke doro anya, oge ochie na nke enweghị nkọwa. &quot;Otu esi eji okwu eme ihe&quot;, nke JO Urmson na Marina Bissau deziri, dekọtara nkuzi Austin banyere isiokwu a. N'akwụkwọ a, Austin na-enye ihe atụ maka ụdị ọrụ ọ bụla a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu. Maka ịrụ ọrụ n'ezoghị ọnụ, o kwuru &quot;Agbaghara m&quot;, &quot;Ana m akatọ&quot; (Peji nke 83), bụ nke doro anya nye ndị nnata nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka mmadụ jụọ &quot;Ọ̀ pụtara n'ezie?&quot;. Ndị na-eme ihe na-akọwaghị ihe dị iche, ebe onye nnata ga-enwe obi abụọ kwere nghọta. Maka ihe ngosi izizi, ihe atụ Austin nyere bụ &quot;Aga m anọ ebe ahụ&quot;. E jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-eme ihe ngosi, enwere ejighị n'aka na ndị na-eme ihe n'ezoghị ọnụ. Ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ na-ekwe nkwa ịnọ n'ebe ahụ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ isi, agbanyeghị, nke a na-ejighị n'aka esighi ike dị ka ọ na-eme ihe ngosi. Ọtụtụ ihe atụ ndị e nyere bụ ndị doro anya n'ihi na ha dị mfe ịchọpụta na ilele anya, na ịchọpụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme na-achọ ntụnyere na iche na ihe ngosi pụtara ìhè. &lt;ref&gt;Crimson, J.O, and Marina Bissau. How to do things with words J.L. Austin, 2nd. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975. Print.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Sense na mmetụta uche'' ===
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
Na posthumously na Sense na Sensibilia (aha bụ Austin nke ya, ma jiri kwughachi aha Sense na Sensibility, akwụkwọ mbụ Jane Austen, dịka aha ya na-ekwughachi nke ya), [1] Austin katọrọ nke AJ weputara.  Ntọala Ayer nke Ọmụma Ọmụma (1940), na n'ókè dị nta, HH Price's Perception (1932) na GJ Warnock's Berkeley (1953), gbasara echiche data data .  Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịiche, nke nwere ike ịsị na ihe ihe anụ ahụ. agụnyeghị ihe atụ n'etiti echiche na ntụaka, n'ihi ihe ezi uche nkewa ihe na ihe a azụ.  N'etiti isi ya, ọ na-egosi na &quot;ọ dịghị ụdị ihe anyị na-na-egosi na ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-abụba ma ọ bụrụ na ọ mgbasa site na akara na akara na ọ bụghị site na nkà na nkà.  ihe nkiri&quot; (Austin 1962a, 4).

Austin na-arụ ụka na Ayer aghọtaghị ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke okwu ndị dị ka &quot;echiche efu&quot;, &quot;delusion&quot;, &quot;hallucination&quot;, &quot;anya&quot;, &quot;apụta&quot; na &quot;dị ka&quot;, ma jiri ha mee ihe n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ... ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma chepụtara.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''Sense and Sensibilia'', 102.&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Austin si kwuo, ọ na-abụkarị okwu ndị a na-enye anyị ohere ikwupụta ndapụta banyere ntinye aka anyị na eziokwu nke ihe anyị na-ekwu, yana na iwebata data nke uche adịghị atụkwasị ihe ọ bụla na nghọta anyị ma ọ bụ ike ikwu maka ihe anyị na-ahụ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Austin na-enyocha okwu ahụ bụ 'ezigbo' wee chepụta ọdịiche nkịtị nke okwu ahụ dabere n'asụsụ kwa ụbọchị yana ụzọ ndị ọkachamara n'echiche-data si eji ya. Iji mata ihe 'ezigbo' pụtara, anyị ga-atụle, n'otu n'otu, ụzọ na ọnọdụ ndị ejiri ya mee ihe. Site n'ịhụ na ọ bụ (i) okwu agụụ na-agụsi ike bụ mgbe ụfọdụ (ii) okwu nhazi, &lt;ref&gt;Sense and Sensibilia, 73.&lt;/ref&gt; yana (iii) okwu-okwu &lt;ref&gt;Sense and Sensibilia, 71.&lt;/ref&gt; na (iv) okwu nke na-adịghị mma &quot; na-eyi uwe ogologo ọkpa ahụ,&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Sense and Sensibilia, 70.&lt;/ref&gt; Austin na-akọwapụta mgbagwoju anya ya. Naanị site n'ime nke a, dị ka Austin si kwuo, anyị nwere ike izere iwebata dichotomies ụgha.

Achị ndepụta ma bipụta akwụkwọ Austin dị ka akwụkwọ nkà ihe nke JO Urmson na Geoffrey Warnock .  Akwụkwọ nwere akwụkwọ iri na mbụ, e ti abụọ ọzọ na akara nke abụọ na otu n'ime nke atọ.  Akwụkwọ ya Excuses enweela dị ukwuu na tiori iwu mpụ.

Isi nke 1 na nke 3 na-amụ otú okwu nwere ike isi nwee ike dị iche iche, ma nwee njikọ.  Isi nke 2 na 4 na-ama ndị nke ihe ndị, na- anya n'okwu na-arụ ọrụ .  Isi nke 5 na 6 na-amụ usoro nzi ozi ozi, ebe ịhụnanya bụ eziokwu mgbe ọ dabara na eziokwu.  Isi nke 6 na 10 mkpa nke omume okwu.  Isi nke 8, 9, na 12 na-uche na nsogbu ndị na-ezute n’ịtụle omume na-egosi ikpe nke ngọpụ, ebubo, na akwụkwọ onwe.

Akụkụ nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ a na-ewere ụdị nzaghachi maka arụmụka maka ịdị adị nke Universals : site na ịhụ na anyị na-eji okwu ndị dị ka &quot;isi awọ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot; okirikiri&quot; na anyị na-eji otu okwu na nke ọ bụla, ọ na-esote. na a ga-enwerịrị ''ihe'' e ji okwu ndị dị otú ahụ kpọọ aha—ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na okwu ọ bụla nke &quot;isi awọ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot; okirikiri&quot; dị iche, ọ na-esote na eluigwe na ala ''n'onwe ha'' enweghị ike ịghọta.

N'akụkụ nke abụọ nke akụkọ ahụ, ọ chịkọtara arụmụka a megide ụwa iji leba anya n'echiche n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-akọwa na ọ bụ &quot;faile&quot; na-emeso echiche dị ka a ga-asị na ha bụ &quot;akụkọ ihe onwunwe&quot;. Ajụjụ ndị dị ka “Ànyị nwere echiche dị otú ahụ na nke dị otú ahụ” na “olee otú anyị ga-esi nweta echiche dị otú ahụ na nke dị otú ahụ” bụ ihe efu, n’ihi na echiche abụghị ụdị ihe mmadụ nwere.

N'akụkụ ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, Austin na-agbatịkwu mkparịta ụka ahụ na mmekọrịta, na-enye usoro arụmụka iji jụ echiche ahụ na e nwere ''ihe'' jikọrọ ya. O yikarịrị ka arụmụka ya sitere n'echiche nke onye ọrụ ibe ya, SV Tezlaf, onye jụrụ ihe mere &quot;nke a&quot; &quot;nke ahụ&quot;.

=== &quot;Ihe Okwu Pụtara&quot; ===
''Pụtara nke Okwu'' bụ ihe na-emegide ime [[Ákọ na Uche|nkà ihe ọmụma]] site n'ịgbalị ịkọwapụta ihe okwu ndị e ji mee ihe ''pụtara'', na-arụrịta ụka na ' ''enweghị'' ihe mgbakwunye dị mfe ma dị mma nke okwu a na-akpọ &quot;ihe okwu ahụ (x) pụtara&quot;'.

=== &quot;Ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ&quot; ===
''N'uche ndị ọzọ'', otu n'ime ibe ya kachasị mma, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135724|title=A Hundred Years of Philosophy|author=Passmore|first=John Arthur.|year=1968|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0140209271|edition=2d|location=Harmondsworth, Eng.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135724/page/n451 450]|oclc=5317273}}&lt;/ref&gt; Austin katọrọ usoro ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma ji kemgbe Descartes nyochaa na nyochaa nkwupụta nke ụdị &quot;Onye ahụ S na-eche X.&quot; Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ site na echiche atọ ndị a:

Ọ bụ ezie na Austin kwetara na (2), na-ekwu na &quot;anyị kwesịrị ịnọ n'ọnọdụ mara mma ma ọ bụrụ na m mere&quot;, ọ chọpụtara na (1) bụ ụgha na (3) na ọ dịghị mkpa. Echiche ndabere na (1), Austin na-ekwu, bụ na ọ bụrụ na m asị na m maara X wee chọpụta na X bụ ụgha, amaghị m ya. Austin kwenyere na nke a adabaghị n'ụzọ anyị si eji asụsụ eme ihe. Ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụrụ na m nọ n'ọnọdụ m na-emekarị na-ekwu na m maara X, ọ bụrụ na X emee ka ọ bụrụ ụgha, m ga-abụ onye na-adịghị ekwu okwu kama ịgbazi onwe m. Ọ na-enye arụmụka na nke a bụ otu a site n'ịtụ aka na ikwere bụ ịmara dị ka ime atụmatụ bụ ikwe nkwa - ịmara na nkwa bụ ụdị okwu-omume nke ikwere na ime atụmatụ n'otu n'otu.

''Arịrịọ maka ngọpụ'' bụ ma ihe ngosi site na ihe atụ, na ịgbachitere ụzọ nke nkà ihe ọmụma asụsụ nkịtị, nke na-aga n'ihu na nkwenye na: &quot;... anyị na-ejikọta ọnụ nke okwu na-agụnye ihe niile dị iche iche ndị mmadụ chọtara uru ịbịaru, na njikọ ha chọtara uru akara, na ndụ nke ọtụtụ ọgbọ: ndị a n'ezie yiri ka ọtụtụ, ọzọ ụda, ebe ọ bụ na ha guzoro ogologo ule nke nlanarị nke kasị mma, na ndị ọzọ aghụghọ, ọ dịkarịa ala na ndị nkịtị niile. na ihe ezi uche dị na ya, karịa nke ọ bụla nke gị ma ọ bụ m nwere ike iche n'oche anyị nke ehihie—usoro ọzọ kachasị amasị gị.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''A Plea for excuses'', in Austin, J. L., ''Philosophical Papers'', p. 182&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu ihe atụ nke ndịiche dị otú ahụ Austin na-akọwa n'okpuru ala bụ na n'etiti nkebi ahịrịokwu &quot;n'ihie&quot; na &quot;site na mberede&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na ojiji ha yitere, Austin na-arụ ụka na site na ezi ihe atụ anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ihe dị iche dị na mgbe otu ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ nkebi ahịrịokwu kwesịrị ekwesị.

Austin tụpụtara ụfọdụ ngwa nkà ihe ọmụma na-achọsi ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-eji ụdị egwuregwu okwu maka ịzụlite nghọta nke echiche bụ isi. Nke a na-agụnye iwepụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ịchọta nhọrọ nke okwu metụtara echiche bụ isi, wee lelee okwu nke ọ bụla na nkọwa nke ihe ha pụtara. A na-emegharị usoro a ruo mgbe ndepụta okwu ga-amalite ikwugharị, mechie na &quot;gburugburu ezinụlọ&quot; nke okwu metụtara isi echiche.

* &quot;Ozizi nke eziokwu bụ usoro nke eziokwu.&quot; - ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol.'' ''xxiv (1950).'' Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, p.&amp;nbsp;121, Oxford University Press, mbipụta nke abụọ (1970)
* &quot;Araokwu ndị dị otú ahụ abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ ụgha&quot; - ''Sense and Sensibilia'' (1962), p.&amp;nbsp;111
* &quot;Ọ bụ, n'ezie, ọ bụghị n'ezie ziri ezi na a ahịrịokwu mgbe ''bụ'' nkwupụta: kama, ọ ''na-eji'' ''na-eme nkwupụta'', na nkwupụta n'onwe ya bụ 'ezi uche ewu' si na-eme nke nkwupụta.&quot; ''Otu esi eji okwu eme ihe'' (1955): nkuzi nke 1, peeji nke 1 ihe odide ala ala peeji 1 ''Ihe nkuzi William James'' na Mahadum Harvard. Oxford na Clarendon Press.
* &quot;N'ịlaghachi n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okwu, ọtụtụ mgbe n'ime Latin, anyị na-alọghachi mara mma na foto ma ọ bụ ihe atụ nke otú ihe si eme ma ọ bụ na-eme. Ụdị ndị a nwere ike bụrụ ndị ọkaibe na nke na-adịbeghị anya, dị ka ọ nwere ike ịbụ na 'ebumnobi&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; ma ọ bụ 'mkpali', ma otu n'ime ụdị ihe nlereanya a na-ahụkarị na nke kachasị ochie bụ nke dabara adaba na-agbagwoju anyị anya site n'ịdị nro na ịdị mfe ya.&quot; - Arịrịọ maka Mgbaghara (1956) Ebipụtara na ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1956-7.'' Andrew Chrucky degharịrị ka ọ bụrụ hypertext, 23 Ọgọst 2004.
* &quot;A na-eji okwu eme nkebiokwu, a na-ekwu okwu n'okwu.... A na-ekwu okwu, okwu ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu.&quot; ''Ihe omume nke Aristotelian Society, vol.'' ''xxiv (1950)'' - Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, p.&amp;nbsp;120, Oxford University Press, mbipụta nke abụọ (1970)
* &quot;Anyị na-eje ije n'akụkụ nkume ahụ, ọ na-enwekwa m mkpali na mberede ịkwanye gị, nke m na-eme ngwa ngwa: M mere ihe na-akpali akpali, ma m bu n'obi ịkwanye gị, ma eleghị anya, echepụtaworị obere aghụghọ iji nweta ya; ma ọbụna mgbe ahụ, emeghị m ụma, n'ihi na emeghị m (kwụsị) ịjụ onwe m ma m ga-eme ya ma ọ bụ na m agaghị eme ya.&quot; - Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, &quot;Ihe Okwu Pụtara,&quot; p.&amp;nbsp;195, Oxford University Press, mbipụta nke abụọ (1970).
* &quot;Ị nwere ihe karịrị ikike ịghara ịma ihe okwu ahụ bụ 'na-arụ ọrụ' pụtara. Ọ bụ okwu ọhụrụ na okwu ọjọọ, ma eleghị anya ọ pụtaghị ihe ọ bụla. abụghị okwu dị omimi.&quot; - &quot; Okwu na-arụ ọrụ .&quot; Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, p.&amp;nbsp;233, Oxford University Press, mbipụta nke abụọ (1970).
* &quot;Ka anyị mara ọdịiche dị n'etiti ime ụma na ime ụma ma ọ bụ n'ebumnobi, ọ bụrụhaala na enwere ike ime nke a site n'ịga asụsụ nwere ike ịkụziri anyị.&quot; - Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, &quot;Ụzọ atọ nke ịgbapụta ink,&quot; p.&amp;nbsp;273, Oxford University Press, mbipụta nke abụọ (1970).
* &quot;Ọ na-abụkarị iji okwu eme ihe, ọ bụghị okwu n'ime onwe ha, nke a na-akpọ nke ọma 'na-edoghị anya.&quot; - ''Sense na Sensibilia'', p.&amp;nbsp;126, Oxford University Press (1962).
* &quot;Ma mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-ajụ, n'ezie, ihe klas a gụnyere. A na-enye anyị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 'ihe ndị a ma ama'- oche, tebụl, foto, akwụkwọ, okooko osisi, pensụl, sịga; okwu ahụ bụ 'ihe onwunwe' bụ. Ọ bụghị ebe a (ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ na ederede Ayer) n'ihu kọwaa. - ''Sense na Sensibilia'', p.&amp;nbsp;8, Oxford University Press (1962).
* N'oge nkuzi na Mahadum Columbia nke onye ọkà ihe ọmụma America bụ Sidney Morgenbesser gara, Austin kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na double negative na Bekee na-egosi ihe dị mma, ọ dịghị asụsụ ọ bụla na-egosi ihe ọjọọ. Nke Morgenbesser zara ya n'olu mkparị, &quot;Ee, ee.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;The Independent, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/professor-sidney-morgenbesser-550224.html The Independent, Professor Sidney Morgenbesser: Philosopher celebrated for his withering New York Jewish humour], 6 August 2004&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;timesonline&quot;&gt;The Times, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article479591.ece Sidney Morgenbesser: Erudite and influential American linguistic philosopher with the analytical acuity of Spinoza and the blunt wit of Groucho Marx], 8 September 2004&lt;/ref&gt; (Ụfọdụ hotara ya dị ka &quot;Ee, nri.&quot;)

== Mbipụta ==

* [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/austin-jl/ JL Austin] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAoU&quot;&gt;The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* 
* [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/j-l-austin-return-common-sense/ &quot;JL Austin: Nlaghachi n'ezi uche&quot;] ''TLS Online 'Ihe odide ala ala Plato''' nke Guy Longworth dere (na 'echiche Austin na ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na-aghọtaghị okwu kwa ụbọchị').
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210607213921/https://philosophybites.com/jl-austin/ &quot;Guy Longworth na JL Austin na Asụsụ nkịtị&quot;] Archived  &lt;/link&gt; Ajụjụ ọnụ ''Philosophy Bites'' (audio).
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnRjVDRdQOTtmQA99kCzOwA/search?query=J.+L.+Austin+Lecture+in+Sweden Oge nkuzi na ajụjụ ọnụ nke JL Austin] na [[Sweden]] (October 1959), nke Ngalaba Nkà Ihe Ọmụma Harvard bulitere na [[YouTube]] .

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''James Graham Ballard''' (15 Nọvemba 1930 – 19 akwụkwọ 2009) [1] bụ onye edemede Bekee na onye edemede dị ndị, satirist na akwụkwọ edemede ama ama maka ọmụmụ ifo na- ike nke na-egosi dị n'etiti akparamaagwa mmadụ  , agụụ, agụụ, na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi .  [2] Ballard ihe na-eme ifo mgbagwoju New Wave maka akwụkwọ ozi post-apọcalyptic, dị ka The Drowned World (1962), ma , àmà àmà ike, na nchịkọta ndị mere The Atrocity Exhibition (1970), nke ikpe ahụ &quot;  Ihe ihe m ji na-egosi Fuck Ronald Reagan &quot; (1968), na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Crash (1973), mgbaàmà ndị fetishists ụgbọ ala ala ala.

Na 1984, Ballard meri sara mbara, akara dị oke egwu maka akwụkwọ ndị agha Ukwu nke Sun, ihe mere eme nke ihe mere eme nke nwa nwoke Britain n'oge ọrụ Japan nke Shanghai;  [1] afọ atọ ka e ịhụ, onye isi ihe nkiri America bụ Steven Spielberg mere ka akwụkwọ ahụ bụrụ ihe nkiri nke otu aha .  N'ihe ihe ndụ ya, njem onye ode akwụkwọ mere site n'oge akara ruo n'ọgbọ ka a na-edekọ ihe mere eme, na ntụgharị uche uche ifo, na The Kindness of Women (1991), na n'ụdị Women  ihe mere eme nke ndụ (2008).  Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ mbụ Ballard ka eme mgbanwe nke ọma, dị ka Crash (1996), nke David Cronenberg duziri, na High-Rise (2015), nke Ben Wheatley duziri, nke akwụkwọ akwụkwọ High-Rise (1975).

Site na dị iche iche nke ụdị ifo nke JG Ballard bilitere adjective Ballard, nke a ndị dị ka: &quot;yiri ma ọ bụ na-atụ aro ndị a akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ na-eme JG Ballard,- dystopian modernity, ọnọdụ ndị mmadụ.  mere adịghị mma, na ụmụaka uche nke nkà na ẹzà., njọ na eze ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi &quot;.  [1] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Oxford nke National Biography na-akụkọ onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Ballard ka ọ na-etinye uche na &quot; Eros, Thanatos, mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na ikpe ikpe &quot;

=== Shanghai ===
A markiiba JG Ballard nye Edna Johnstone (1905-1998) [1] na James Graham Ballard (1901-1966), onye bụ onye na-ahụ maka kemist na Calico Printers' Association, ụlọ ọrụ akwa na obodo Manchester, ma bụrụ onye  isi oche.  na onye isi njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ China Printing and Finishing Company, ụlọ ọrụ nke Association na Shanghai.  [1] China nke amuru Ballard na Shanghai International Settlement, ebe ndị mba ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịdadị &quot;biri ụdị ndụ America&quot;.  [2] N'oge nkwado, Ballard gara Akwụkwọ Katidral nke Holy Trinity Church, Shanghai.  [3] Mgbe mgba nke Agha Sino-Japanese nke obodo (1937–1945), Ballard ụlọ ụlọ ha dị iche iche, ma kwaga n'otu ụlọ dị n'etiti obodo Shanghai iji zere agha dị n'etiti ndị na-ahụ [[China]].  na ndị [[Japan]].

''.'' &lt;ref name=&quot;lookback&quot;&gt;Ballard, J.G. (4 March 2006). &quot;[http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1722984,00.html Look back at Empire]&quot;. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 25 April 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;rickmcgrath&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jgballard.ca/|title=J.G. Ballard|work=Jgballard.ca|accessdate=3 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mgbe agha nke [[Hong Kong]] (8–25 Disemba 1941), ndị Imperial Japanese Army weghaara Mkpebi Mba Nile wee ikike ndị na-eje ozi Allied mma na-enwe 1943. Ezin mmetụta Ballard e mmetụta na Lunghua Civilian Assembly Center ebe ha bi na G-block, ụlọ nwere  okpukpu abụọ maka akara 40, maka ihe na-akpata ọgụ nke egwu.  Na Lunghua Center, Ballard gara ụlọ akwụkwọ, ebe ndị nkuzi bụ ndị ọrụ nwere ọrụ.  N'ime ime ihe mere eme nke ndụ, Ballard kwuru na onye ahụ nke nchụpụ na nlekọta bụ isi isiokwu nke tọrọ Ukwu Sun.

&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Welch, Frances. &quot;All Praise and Glory to the Mind of Man&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;Banyere ime ihe ike a okpukpera na ndị mere ifo Ballard, [1] [2] onye na-ede akwụkwọ ozi bụ Martin Amis kwuru na ndị ọrụ Ukwu &quot;na-enye nke ihe kpụrụ ya.&quot;  [3] Banyere ya amụma agha ndị Japan na China, Ballard kwuru, sị: &quot;Echeghị m na ị nwere ike ịgafe nke agha na echiche echiche nke ụwa na-agbanwe mgbe echiche ebi. Ọgbọ na-emesi obi ike-  Ezi na eziokwu nke ụbọchị na A na-akwatu ihe ndị na-ahụ ike nke tusaale nke anyị; ị na-ahụ ka ọ na-akpụ akpụ.  . &quot; [2] &quot;Enwere m - kpọ m ekwu obi ụtọ - [ma] ọ bụghị zie na-ahụ mma nke ahụ ... M na-echeta ọtụtụ obi na-ebe ihe na-aga n'ihu - ma,  n'otu oge ahụ, anyị na-ama na-egwu egwuregwu otu egwu na otu mgbe niile!&quot;  [4] N'ime ndụ ya ka e hụ, Ballard ekiri onye na-akpa na Chineke, ma kwuo, sị: &quot;Enwere m ihe nke ukwuu n'okpukpe ... M na-ahụ dị ka isi ihe dị iche iche iche.  nke ihe omimi nke obodo gburugburu.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Frick|first=Interviewed by Thomas|date=21 May 1984|title=J. G. Ballard, The Art of Fiction No. 85|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2929/j-g-ballard-the-art-of-fiction-no-85-j-g-ballard|journal=The Paris Review|volume=Winter 1984|issue=94|accessdate=21 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ọgwụ 1945, nne Ballard la ike na Britain ya na JG na nwanne ya njikọ, ebe ha biri na Plymouth, ma ọ gara akwụkwọ Leys na Cambridge, [1] ebe ọ meri ihe nrite maka edemede nke ọma.  [2] N'ime afọ ole na ole, Oriakụ Ballard na nwa ya echere na China wee sonyeghachi Mr Ballard;  na, ebe ọ bụghị n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, Ballard bi na nne na nna ochie.  N'afọ 1949, ọ ọgwụ na King's College, Cambridge, n'ebumnobi nke ịbụ mgbaka
[[Usòrò:Fantastic_196207.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ballard's Vermilion Sands war &quot;The Sing Statues&quot; weghaara akara akara nke July 1962 nke Fantastic, na-ụbụrụ ihe osise nke Ed Emshwiller .]]
. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pringle&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Pringle|first=David|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/apr/19/jg-ballard-obituary|title=Obituary:JG Ballard|date=19 April 2009|accessdate=3 June 2014|work=The Guardian|authorlink=David Pringle}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na mahadum, Ballard dere okpukpe ifo avant-garde nke psychoanalysis na ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe na-eme ihe na- emetụta, wee gbasoo ide canza ifo na ọgwụ.  N'afọ nke abụọ ya na Cambridge, na May 1951, faịlụ ndị &quot;The Violent Noon&quot;, Hemingway pastiche, Mer edidi mpụ ma bipụta ya na akwụkwọ ozi Varsity .  [1] [2] N'October 1951, agbamume site na nbipụta, na akwụkwọ na ọgwụ ụlọ anabataghị oge ide ili ifo, Ballard ọgwụ wee debanye aha na Queen Mary College ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee.  [3] Mgbe otu afọ gachara, ọ ọrịa wee ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi, [4] wee ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụmụ njem.  [5] N'ime oge ọrụ ahụ jọgburu onwe ya, Ballard gara n'ihu na-ede merụrụ ahụ mana ọnweghị onye ndidi ya.

. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pringle&quot;/&gt;N'afọ 1954, Ballard sonyeere Royal Air Force wee kenye ya na ụgbọ elu Royal Canadian Air Force na Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada.  N'oge ahụ, ọ mere akwụkwọ a na-agba mbọ America, [1] na, n'oge na-adịghị anya, dere ngwa ngwa mbụ ya, &quot;Passport to Eternity&quot;, ihe pastiche nke ụdị na-enyere America;  ma e ozizi ahụ ruo 1962

Na 1955, Ballard RAF wee wepụ England, [1] ebe o zutere ma lụo Helen Mary Matthews, onye bụ ike na akwụkwọ Daily Express ;  A egwuregwu nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ atọ Ballard na 1956. [2] Na December 1956, Ballard 1956, Ballard agbatị ifo isi na ike nke obere njikọ &quot;Escapement&quot; (na New Worlds magazine) na &quot;Prima Belladonna&quot; (na Science Fantasy magazine  ).  [3] Na magazin New Worlds, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Edward J. Carnell, nke ọma akwụkwọ merụrụ Ballard, ma bipụta ọtụtụ n'ime nchọpụta mbụ ya.

Na 1960, akara Ballard kwagara Shepperton, Surrey, ebe o biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2009. [1] [2] if if odee, Ballard ọrụ bụ isi ka ọ dee akwụkwọ mbụ ya, The Wind from Nowhere (1962)  ), n'oge ezumike ezumike abụọ, [3] wee tinye akwụkwọ nchịkọta akụkọ ya na akwụkwọ Chemistry na Industry .  Mgbe afụ ahụ, e gosiri akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ, The Drowned World (1962);  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ akwụkwọ ahụ Ballard dị ka edemede ama ama nke ikpe ifo ikpe New Wave .  Site na ihe ịga nke ọma ahụ sochiri nke nchịkọta nchịkọta dị, ma ọ bụrụ nke oge dị ukwuu nke akwụkwọ nke sitere na nchịkọta ndị dị &quot; The Terminal Beach &quot; (1964).

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/oct/14/claire-walsh|title=Claire Walsh obituary|author=Self|first=Will|date=15 October 2014|work=The Guardian|accessdate=22 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 1964, Mary Ballard nwụrụ site na oyi baa, na-ahapụ Ballard ụmụ ha atọ, James, Fay na Bea Ballard .  Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na ọ bụghị ajụ ajụjụ, enyi ya Michael Moorcock kpọbatara Claire Walsh na Ballard, bụ onye isi onye òtù ọlụlụ ya.  [1] Claire Walsh akara ọrụ na akara n'ime 1960 na 1970, ma ọ bụrụ na Ballard na-ada echiche maka echiche ya;  E CD, Claire kpọbatara Ballard n'obodo ndị si mba ọzọ na Sophia Antipolis, nke dị n'ebe ndị France;  ndị ahụ si mba ọzọ na-eme ihe n' nri onye edemede

. &lt;ref name=&quot;atrocity&quot;&gt;Ballard, J.G. (1993). ''The Atrocity Exhibition'' (expanded and annotated edition). {{ISBN|0-00-711686-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 1965, mgbe egosi Mary nwụsịrị, ihe odide Ballard, ndị na-amụ isiokwu nke e dị ka Ihe ngosi Atrocity (1970).  Na 1967, onye na-ede akwụkwọ ndị Algis Budrys kwuru na Brian W. Aldiss, Roger Zelazny, Samuel R. Delany na JG Ballard bụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ ndị New Wave Science Fiction.  [1] N'ihe omume ahụ, ihe ngosi Atrocity map n'ụzọ iwu na US, n'ihi na onye onye ahụ bụ egwu nkwutọ na nkwutọ site n'aka ndị na-eme ego dị ndụ bụ ndụ  .  [2] Na Ihe ngosi Atrocity, gosiri a &quot;Crash!&quot;  na-emeso psychosexuality nke ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ụgbọ ala;  na 1970, na New Arts Laboratory, Ballard ihe ngosi nke ụgbọ ala mebiri emebi aha ya bụ &quot;Ụgbọala Crashed&quot;;  na- damuwa nke onye na-ahụ maka nka, ihe osise ahụ kpasuru vitriol dị egwu na ibuga ihe.  [3] Na mmetụta &quot;Okuku!&quot;  na ihe ngosi “Crashed Cars”, Ballard ndị ma ikike inwe ikike na ihe ụgbọ ala, nke isiokwu ọ na-achọkwara na obere ihe nkiri nke Gabrielle Drake mere na 1971.  na-eme ihe nkiri aha ya bụ James Ballard, onye bi na Shepperton, Surrey, England

. &lt;ref name=&quot;curbed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sisson|first=Peter|title=New Film High-Rise Explores The Symbolism and Terror of Tower Living|url=http://www.curbed.com/2015/9/28/9916680/high-rise-film-jg-ballard|work=Curbed|accessdate=7 March 2016|date=28 September 2015|archivedate=8 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308073004/http://www.curbed.com/2015/9/28/9916680/high-rise-film-jg-ballard}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọkụkụ bụkwa azụ mgbe e edi ya.  [1] Na 1996, mmeghari ihe nkiri nke David Cronenberg mgbochi ọgba aghara tabloid na UK, na Daily Mail na-akwado ka amachibido ya.  [2] N'ime afọ ndị na-eso ụzọ mbụ nke Crash, Ballard akwụkwọ akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ: 1974's Concrete Island, nwanne otu nwoke nkata atọ n'ụdị nke na-ekesa okporo ụzọ nke okporo ụzọ dị elu, [3]  na High-Rise, ihe nnukwu okomoko ọgbara ọhụrụ.  bili mgbada ụlọ n'ime agha ịgba

&lt;ref name=&quot;lookback&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;rickmcgrath&quot;/&gt;Ballard ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi na nchịkọta akụkọ dị ike n'ime 1970s na 1980s, mana nọmba ya na isi nzukọ bịara na ndị ukwu Sun na 1984, dabere na apụ ya na Shanghai na akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ Lunghua .  Ọ ekiri onye na-ere akara kacha mma, [1] ka nri aha maka ihe nrite Booker wee nye ya ihe nrite ndị mmụọ ozi ifo Guardian na James Tait Black Memorial Prize maka mmehie ifo.  [2] O mere ka ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntī mara Ballard, ọ bụ ebe na akwụkwọ ndị sochirinụ enwetaghị otu ogo nke ịga nke ọma.  Ọ bụ Steven Spielberg gbara ihe nkiri nkiri Ukwu Sun na 1987, na-egosi nwa egwu Christian Bale dị ka Jim (Ballard).  Ballard n'onwe ya obere oge na ihe nkiri ahụ, ma ọ kọwawo nke ịhụ ka eme gosiri nwata ya ma nwa ya dị ka ihe dị egwu.

Ballard gara n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ ruo n'ókè nke ndụ ya, ma nyekwa aka n'ịmụ na nkatọ oge ụfọdụ na ndị nta ahụ Britain.  N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya mechara, Super-Cannes (2000) nke nabatara ọma, [1] meri ihe nrite ndị ode akwụkwọ Commonwealth mpaghara.  [2] akwụkwọ ndị ndị a mechara na-azịakarị na mgbaàmà ifo nkata, kama na-etinye aka na nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụ omenala.  [3] Enyere Ballard CBE n'afọ 2003, mana ọrị, na-akpọ ya &quot;ihe egwu Ruritanian nke na-enyere aka ịgọnye eze anyị dị oke egwu&quot;.  [4] [5] Na June 2006, ngwa na ọ nwere ọrịa cancer prostate na-egbu egbu, bụ nke metastasis na ọkpụkpụ azụ ya na ọgịrịga ya.  Nke ikpeazụ n'ime akwụkwọ ya e ndidi n'oge ndụ ya bụ autobiography Miracles of Life, nke e dere mgbe ọ tara ya.  [6] Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya, &quot;The Fall Fall&quot;, ụdị na akara 1996 106 nke Interzone, akwụkwọ-eme enyemaka Britain.  Eme Mmekọrịta ya na The Guardian na 25 2009. [7] E liri ya na Kensal Green Cemetery .
[[Usòrò:Grave_of_J._G._Ballard_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Udi nke onye ode akwukwo JG Ballard.  ( Kensal Green Cemetery)]]
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Liz|author=Thompson|title=Ballard and the meaning of life|url=http://www.bookbrunch.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=215:ballard-and-the-meaning-of-life&amp;catid=903:publishing&amp;Itemid=79|work=BookBrunch|date=16 October 2008|accessdate=20 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'October 2008, tupu ọnwụ ya, onye na-ahụ maka akwụkwọ Ballard, Margaret Hanbury, wetara akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ Ballard nwere aha ọrụ Mkparịta ụka na-acha m: Ihe ọkpụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gbakwunye, nke Ndụ na Frankfurt Book  Ọma .  Dọkịta a na-ajụ ajụjụ bụ n'ibu oncologist Prọfesọ Jonathan Waxman nke Imperial College [[London]], bụ onye na-ahụ Ballard maka ọrịa cancer prostate.  Ọ bụ ebe na ọ ga-abụ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ gbasara ọrịa kansa, na mgba Ballard na mgba, a kọrọ na ọ ga-aga n'ihu na isiokwu ndị sara mbara.  N'Eprel 2009 The Guardian kọrọ na HarperCollins mara ọkwa na ofufe ụka Ballard na dibịa m ike ike imecha ma ibipụta ya gbahapụr.

N'afọ 2013, akwụkwọ edemede dị peeji 17 enweghị aha nke edepụtara dị ka &quot;Akụkọ mkpirisi Vermilion Sands in draft&quot; na katalọgụ British Library wee dezie n'ime ederede okwu 8,000 nke Bernard Sigaud pụtara na mweghachi nke French dị mkpụmkpụ nke nnakọta nke Éditions Tristram (  ) n'okpuru aha &quot;Le labyrinthe Hardoon&quot; dị ka akụkọ mbụ nke okirikiri ahụ, nke e debere &quot;mbubreyo 1955 / mmalite 1956&quot; site n'aka B. Sigaud, David Pringle na Christopher J. Beckett. ''Akụkọ sitere na njedebe miri emi'', akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara mkpirisi nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ JG Ballard (London: Titan Books, 2023, nke Maxim Jakubowski na Rick McGrath deziri), nwere ike ịgụnye &quot;The Hardoon Labyrinth&quot; - mbipụta mbụ nke B. Sigaud nwetara na ya. ihe dị ka okwu 9,400 site n'aka D. Pringle - mana mmegide sitere na JG Ballard Estate kwụsịrị ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Beckett, Chris|title=The Progress of the Text: The Papers of J. G. Ballard at the British Library|work=Electronic British Library Journal|year=2011|url=http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2011articles/article12.html|accessdate=3 July 2014|archivedate=14 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914105826/http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2011articles/article12.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Horrocks, Chris, &quot;Disinterring the Present: Science Fiction, Media Technology and the Ends of the Archive&quot;, ''Journal of Visual Culture'', 2013 Vol 12(3): 414–430&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2014articles/article1.html|title=Near Vermilion Sands: The Context and Date of Composition of an Abandoned Literary Draft by J. G. Ballard|work=Bl.uk|date=30 November 2003|accessdate=3 July 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090012/http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2014articles/article1.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=King, Daniel|title=&quot;'Again Last Night': A previously unpublished Vermilion Sands story&quot;, SF Commentary 86|date=February 2014|pages=18–20|url=http://efanzines.com/SFC/SFC86L.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebe nchekwa ===
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00305.xml&amp;query=ballard&amp;query-join=and|title=Manuscripts for The Unlimited Dream Company|publisher=Harry Ransom Center|accessdate=14 July 2014|archivedate=18 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218061846/http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00305.xml&amp;query=ballard&amp;query-join=and}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na June 2010 British Library, akwụkwọ akwụkwọ aha Ballard n'okpuru underokpuru Briten n' kyauta maka ọrụ ọnwụ .  Ebe nchekwa ahụ nwere ihe odide holograph iri na akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Ballard, ihe odide peeji 840 maka akara Ukwu Sun, mgbakwunye akwụkwọ ozi, akwụkwọ ndetu, na foto sitere na ndụ ya niile.  [1] egwu na nke ahụ, a na-eme ihe odide abụọ ederede maka ndị ọrụ ọrụ na- njedebe na Harry Ransom Center na Mahadum Texas na Austin

A na-asọpụrụ nke ọma n'etiti ndị na-amasị Ballard bụ nchịkọta akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi ''Vermilion Sands'' (1971), nke edobere n'ime nnukwu obodo ezumike ọzara nke kpakpando echefuru echefu, ndị nketa ara, ndị na-ese ihe na-enweghị atụ, na ndị ahịa na ndị ohu na-enweghị atụ na-egbo mkpa ha. Akụkọ ọ bụla na-egosipụta teknụzụ pụrụ iche dị ka ndị na-akpụ akpụ ígwé ojii na-eme nnọkọ nke ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri, kọmpụta na-ede uri uri, orchids nwere olu operatic na ego iji dakọtara, akwa akwa eserese fototropic, wdg. N'ikwekọ na isiokwu etiti Ballard, ọtụtụ Ọkachamara masochism na teknụzụ agbaziri agbaziri, teknụzụ ndị a na-adịghị mma na nke dị egwu na-ejere ọchịchọ na atụmatụ gbara ọchịchịrị na nke zoro ezo nke ndị mmadụ na-achụpụ ihe na-ejide Vermilion Sands, na-enwekarị nnukwu mmụọ na nsonaazụ na-egbu egbu. N'okwu mmeghe ya na ''Vermilion Sands'', Ballard na-akpọ nke a dịka nchịkọta ọkacha mmasị ya.

Will Self akọwawo ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ifo ya dị ka ihe metụtara &quot;obodo ndị nwere ezi uche; ndị ọgaranya, na ennui nke [[Iba|ịba]] ọgaranya [ebe] ụwa nke na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma na-emekọ ihe n'ụdị nke mmepe ndị a.&quot; Ọ gbakwụnyere na ntọala akụkọ ifo ndị a &quot;ọ nweghị ezigbo obi ụtọ a ga-enweta; mmekọahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na enweghị mmetụta, ọ dịghịkwa mmekọrịta ya na ụwa okike. Obodo ndị a na-abanye n'ụdị ime ihe ike.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.watershed.co.uk/audio-video/john-gray-and-will-self-jg-ballard|title=John Gray and Will Self – JG Ballard|work=Watershed|accessdate=21 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, Budrys kwara akụkọ ifo ya emo dị ka &quot;ịkpọ [ịkpọ] maka ndị na-echeghị ... ka ha bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ JG Ballard, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla karịa obere àgwà dị na ya, ị ga-ebipụla. onwe gị pụọ na ngalaba mmụta sayensị niile.&quot; 

Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Ballard ji ụdị obere akụkọ ahụ mee ihe nke ukwuu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị mbụ e bipụtara na 1950 na 1960 bụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, gụnyere ọrụ ndị dị mkpa dị ka ''Chronopolis .'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fictionphile.com/20-most-influential-science-fiction-short-stories-of-the-20th-century/|title=20 Most Influential Science Fiction Short Stories of the 20th Century|work=FictionPhile.com|author=Boyd, Jason|accessdate=9 February 2019|date=7 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'edemede na Ballard, [[Will Wiles]] kwuru ka akụkọ mkpirisi ya si &quot;na-enwe mmasị na-adọrọ adọrọ n'ime ime ụlọ, nke nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ngwa&quot;, na-agbakwụnye, &quot;ọ bụ ọdịdị ala ka ọ na-agbagọ ruo mgbe ọ na-enwe nchegbu&quot;. O kwubiri na &quot;ihe Ballard hụrụ, na ihe o kwupụtara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, bụ ihe na-erughị mmetụta nke ụwa nkà na ụzụ, gụnyere gburugburu ebe obibi anyị wuru, na-enwe n'uche na ahụ anyị.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://placesjournal.org/article/the-corner-of-lovecraft-and-ballard/|title=The Corner of Lovecraft and Ballard|first=Will|author=Wiles|date=20 June 2017|journal=Places Journal|issue=2017|accessdate=21 May 2018|doi=10.22269/170620}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091014072055/http://www.legacy.com/timesonline-uk/Obituaries.asp?page=LifeStory&amp;personId=126412054 Obituary] na ''Times'' Online
* [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jg-ballard-writer-whose-dystopian-visions-helped-shape-our-view-of-the-modern-world-1671634.html Obituary] nke John Clute na ''The Independent''
* [http://www.latimes.com/features/books/la-et-jg-ballard20,0,6281211.story Obituary] na ''Los Angeles Times''
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8008098.stm Okwu sitere n'aka ndị edemede ọzọ] na akụkọ BBC
* [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/apr/20/jg-ballard-tribute-writer Mmeghachi omume ndị ọzọ nke ndị edemede] na ''The Guardian''
* Obere [http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2009/04/j-g-ballard.html ekele] na ''New Yorker''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090426045436/http://www.researchpubs.com/Blog/?p=163 Ụtụ] nke V. Vale sitere na RE/Search
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127002510/http://www.ballardian.com/rick-mcgraths-letter-from-london-jg-ballard-memorial Akwụkwọ ozi sitere na London: Ncheta JG Ballard] ( Archived  &lt;/link&gt; )
* ''Onwe na Ballard'' nke Will Self na BBC Radio 4, 26 Septemba 2009 ( [http://www.jgballard.ca/deep_ends/self_on_ballard.html Transcript na Postscript] ) na [http://www.jgballard.ca/index.html mkpokọta njedebe] nke Rick McGrath)
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    <title>Danièle Obono</title>
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'''Danièle Obono''' (   [danjɛl snýno]; amụrụ na 12 Julaị 1980) &lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA721960|language=fr|title=Mme Danièle Obono|publisher=French National Assembly|accessdate=1 September 2020}}
[[Òtù:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Gabonese-French nke nọchitere anya [[Paris]]'s_17th_constituency&quot; id=&quot;mwEQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Paris's 17th constituency&quot;&gt;Mpaghara nke iri na asaa nke Paris na National Assembly kemgbe 2017.  Onye otu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Législatives à Paris : Danièle Obono élue dès le premier tour dans la 17ème circonscription|url=https://actu.fr/ile-de-france/paris_75056/legislatives-a-paris-daniele-obono-elue-des-le-premier-tour-dans-la-17eme-circonscription_51622915.html|accessdate=2022-06-13|work=actu.fr|date=12 June 2022|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[France]] Insoumise (FI), A họpụtara ya ọzọ na agba nke mbụ nke ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2022.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Obono na 12 Julaị 1980 na Libreville, Gabon &lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot; /&gt; n'ezinụlọ a ma ama na [[Gabon]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;godeau17&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/07/09/daniele-obono-vivre-la-france_1582687|language=fr|title=Danièle Obono, viv(r)e la France|work=Libération|first=Elise|author=Godeau|date=9 July 2017|accessdate=1 September 2020}}
[[Òtù:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fafricapostnews.com%2F2017%2F06%2F20%2Fportrait-de-9-deputes-francais-issus-de-limmigration-africaine%2F|language=fr|title=Danièle Obono, la seule &quot;insoumise&quot; élue députée à Paris|publisher=Africa Post News|date=20 June 2017|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/ga.html#1998_Presidential_Election|title=Elections in Gabon|publisher=African Elections Database|accessdate=1 September 2020|archivedate=13 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913155913/http://africanelections.tripod.com/ga.html#1998_Presidential_Election}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ nwa nwanyị nke Hortense Simbou Mbadinga, odeakwụkwọ na Air Gabon; na Martin Edzodzomo-Ela, onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba bụ onye isi na Ụlọ akụ Paribas-Gabon site na 1975 ruo 1979 tupu a chụpụ ya maka mmegide ya na ọchịchị Omar Bongo, [1] onye bụkwa onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Gabon na 1998. [2] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/12350837/martin_edzodzomo-ela/|language=fr|title=Martin Edzodzomo-Ela|publisher=BNF|year=2020|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;godeau17&quot; /&gt; biri na Gabon ruo mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ iri, tupu ọ gaa mahadum na Montpellier . [1] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.presseetcite.info/journal-officiel-des-banlieues/agir/danielle-obono-front-de-gauche-pour-un-processus-de-revolution|language=fr|title=Danielle Obono (front de gauche): &quot; Pour un processus de révolution citoyenne &quot;|work=Journal officiel des banlieues|date=1 March 2012|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ghọrọ nwa amaala France n'afọ 2011.

Mgbe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20170616-france-elections-legislatives-17-circonscription-enmarche-france-insoumise-failles-obono|title=Législatives : duel entre une insoumise et une marcheuse dans la 17e circonscription de Paris|publisher=France 24|date=16 June 2017|language=fr|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, Obono ghọrọ onye na-elekọta ọ́bá akwụkwọ na Paris. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&amp;TRM=112946798&amp;COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E282ee20d-30c,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R71.227.117.13,FN|title=Les relations économiques entre la France et le Gabon de 1960 à 2000|language=fr|publisher=SUDOC|year=2002|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2002, ọ nwetara nzere masta na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, na-amụ mmekọrịta akụ na ụba dị n'etiti France na Gabon n'oge ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20 n'okpuru nlekọta nke Jacques Marseille. [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;godeau17&quot; /&gt;'afọ 2003, ọ malitere mmemme doctoral na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Institut des mondes africains, na-elekwasị anya na mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Naịjirịa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya 

tupu ọ gụchaa nzere ahụ.

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Mgbe mwakpo Charlie Hebdo mere 'afọ 2015 gasịrị, Obono nọ n'etiti esemokwu mgbe o kwuru na ya &quot;agaghị akwa ákwá&quot;, na-ewere ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu dị ka &quot;ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;.

Onye otu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mme Danièle Obono|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA721960|work=National Assembly|accessdate=24 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; France Insoumise, a họpụtara Obono ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke mba maka [[Paris]]'s_17th_constituency&quot; id=&quot;mwRQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Paris's 17th constituency&quot;&gt;Mpaghara nke iri na asaa nke Paris na ntuli aka iwu nke afọ 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/resultats/paris_75/paris_17eme-circonscription|title=Paris - 17e circonscription , resultats élections législatives 2017|work=France Info|accessdate=2017-06-30|archivedate=2022-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227110405/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/resultats/paris_75/paris_17eme-circonscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/paris/2089255-20170618-resultat-legislatives-2017-daniele-obono-militante-altermondialiste-assemblee|language=fr|title=Résultat législatives 2017: Danièle Obono, une militante altermondialiste à l'Assemblée|work=20 Minutes|first=Coralie|author=Lemke|date=18 June 2017|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere La France Insoumise n'okpuru nduzi Jean-Luc Mélenchon, ya na Alexis Corbière . [1]

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO675659|title=Composition de la délégation aux outre-mer|language=fr|publisher=French National Assembly|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ime ndị omeiwu, Obono jere ozi na Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara iwu, Kọmitii Na-ahụ maka Ihe gbasara Europe na Kọmiti Na-ahụ Maka Ihe gbasara mba ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO59051|title=Composition de la commission des lois|language=fr|publisher=French National Assembly|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO415287|title=Composition de la commission des affaires européennes|language=fr|publisher=French National Assembly|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, ọ sonyere na esemokwu ọzọ mgbe ọ gbachitere nzukọ ndị otu na Seine-Saint-Denis nke ndị ọcha mechiri. Mgbe gọọmentị kwupụtara &lt;ref&gt;Hausalter, Louis, [https://www.marianne.net/politique/stage-pour-racises-prise-de-bec-entre-jean-luc-melenchon-et-daniele-obono-l-assemblee Stage pour &quot;racisés&quot; : prise de bec entre Jean-Luc Mélenchon et Danièle Obono à l’Assemblée], ''Marianne'', 29 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; ọ ga-ebo ndị na-ahazi akwụkwọ, Obono na Mélenchon nwere esemokwu na National Assembly, na-esote nkwado ya maka gọọmentị n'okwu a.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Associated Press|date=2020-08-29|title=French magazine says sorry for portraying black MP as a slave|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/29/french-magazine-sorry-portraying-black-mp-slave-danele-obono-valeurs-actuelles|accessdate=2020-08-29|work=The Guardian|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829163202/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/29/french-magazine-sorry-portraying-black-mp-slave-danele-obono-valeurs-actuelles|archivedate=29 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, magazin ndị France dị n'aka nri bụ Valeurs actuelles bipụtara akụkọ ifo dị peeji asaa na ihe osise nke Obono dị ka ohu nọ n'agbụ na-eche ọdịda anyanwụ ihu, nke e kegidere n'akụkụ ọkụ, n'okpuru isiokwu &quot;akụkọ ifo oge okpomọkụ&quot;, na-akpali mkpesa site n'aka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke pati dị iche.

Mgbe a jụrụ ya banyere Hamas mgbe mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu nke 7 Ọktoba 2023, Danielle Obono, gwara redio Sud Radio nke France na 17 Ọktobe na &quot;ee, Hamas bụ òtù nnupụisi. Ọ bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Islamist nke nwere ngalaba agha, ma na-eguzogide [[Israel]], na-ajụ ime ka ọ bụrụ òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu. 

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Obono, Danièle}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021</title>
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      <text bytes="3977" sha1="k0nvyielszf5kllxn9ysv9x2c8p8pco" xml:space="preserve">2021 Africa Cup of Nations (nke a na-akpọkwa '''AFCON 2021''' ma ọ bụ '''CAN 2021'''), nke a maara dị ka '''TotalEnergies''' 2021 Africa Cup nke Nations maka ebumnuche nkwado, &lt;ref name=&quot;draw postponed&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/caf-postpones-totalenergies-africa-cup-final-draw-new-date-to-be-set-soon|title=CAF postpones TotalEnergies Africa Cup final draw, new date to be set soon|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=6 June 2021|accessdate=7 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ mbipụta nke 33 nke Africa Cup of nations, asọmpi [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ụmụ nwoke nke mba ụwa nke Africa nke Confederation of African Football (CAF) haziri. &lt;ref name=&quot;dates&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/caf-executive-committee-put-infrastructures-as-one-of-the-priorities|title=CAF Executive Committee put infrastructures as one of the main priorities|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=31 March 2021|access-date=1 April 2021|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608150040/https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/caf-executive-committee-put-infrastructures-as-one-of-the-priorities|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=RNUWLOob5ehe2u9fTPwoPg%3d%3d|title=Cameroon to host 2019, Cote d'Ivoire for 2021, Guinea 2023|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=20 September 2014|accessdate=20 September 2014|archivedate=20 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420003428/http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=RNUWLOob5ehe2u9fTPwoPg%3D%3D}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Kameroon|Cameroon]] kwadoro asọmpi ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;draw postponed&quot; /&gt; ma mee ya site na 9 Jenụwarị ruo 6 Febụwarị 2022.

E bu ụzọ hazie ka emere asọmpi ahụ na June na July 2021. Otú &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/communique-de-la-commission-d-organisation-de-la-can-2021|title=Statement from the Organising Committee of the Total African Cup of Nations Cameroon 2021|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=15 January 2020|accessdate=16 January 2020|archivedate=15 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115182930/https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/communique-de-la-commission-d-organisation-de-la-can-2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị, CAF mara ọkwa na 15 Jenụwarị 2020 na n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adịghị mma n'oge ahụ, a dezigharịrị asọmpi ahụ ka a kpọọ ya n'etiti 9 Jenụwarụ na 6 Febụwarị 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/decisions-of-caf-executive-meeting-30-june-2020|title=Decisions of CAF Executive Meeting – 30 June 2020|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=30 June 2020|accessdate=23 July 2020|archivedate=24 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324165051/https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/decisions-of-caf-executive-meeting-30-june-2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 30 June 2020, CAF kwagara ụbọchị asọmpi ahụ na Jenụwarị 2022 na-esote mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19 gafee kọntinent ahụ, ka ọ na-ejigide aha 2021 Africa Cup of Nations maka ebumnuche nkwado.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Holders Algeria crash out of Nations Cup|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/59975483|accessdate=10 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Algeria]] bụ ndị na-agbachitere ndị mmeri, mana e wepụrụ ha na agba nke mbụ mgbe ha mechara n'ala nke otu ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60186276|title=Senegal 0 Egypt 0 (4-2 on pens)|date=6 February 2022|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=7 February 2022|archivedate=7 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207003221/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60186276}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Senegal]] meriri n'asọmpi AFCON nke mbụ mgbe ha meriri [[Egypt]] na 4-2 ikpeazụ na penalties, na-esote 0-0 draw mgbe oge gbakwunyere.
==Edensibia==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Baya El Hachemi</title>
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Baya El Hachemi, bụ onye ntụziaka Algeria-Switzerland, onye na-ahụ ihe na onye nta ịkpọtụrụ. mara ya nke ọma dị ka onye nduzi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn El ''Maktoub'' na ''El Qada Wa El Qadar'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Personnes - Africultures : Hachemi Baya|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10466|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye na-agba mbọ maka nnwere onwe Algeria.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ bi na Quebec ugbu a n'afọ 2005. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ gụsịrị nzere bachelọ ya na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Quebec dị na Montreal. ahụ, ọ ngwaọrụ n'ọtụtụ akụkụ, dị ka &quot;Halte la Ressource&quot;.

== Ọrụ ==
A na-akpọkarị ya &quot;onye nta akụkọ mbụ na nke kachasị na redio Algeria&quot;. N'afọ 1975, o mere usoro Faces of Women nke a na-egosi na telivishọn ruo n'afọ 1977. Mgbe ahụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, o mere El ''Maktoub'', na ''El Qada Wa El Qadar'' na 2003 na ''El Qilada'', na ''Tahaddi Imraae'' na 2014. Site na nduzi nke Minista nke Ọdịbendị, Nadia Labidi, Baya mepụtara ikpo okwu La maison de l'artiste (&quot;''Ụlọ onye na-ese ihe''&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cinéma : hommage à Baya El Hachemi, Lamine Merbah et Ghouti Ben Dedouche|url=https://lecourrier-dalgerie.com/cinema-hommage-a-baya-el-hachemi-lamine-merbah-et-ghouti-ben-dedouche/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=lecourrier-dalgerie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2003, o mere ihe nkiri telivishọn Destiny . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bientôt un film de Baya El-Hachemi|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/infosoir/20236|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Djazairess|archivedate=2022-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225074124/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/infosoir/20236}}&lt;/ref&gt;'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ihe nkiri ya nke dabeere na National Liberation War na ihe omume ndị mere n'etiti 1932 na nnwere onwe nke Algeria. [1] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-06-13|title=Au centre culturel algérien à Paris &quot;Mamya Chentouf, militante de la première heure&quot;|url=https://www.algerie360.com/au-centre-culturel-algerien-a-paris-mamya-chentouf-militante-de-la-premiere-heure/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=www.algerie360.com|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2007, o mere ihe nkiri Mamya Chentouf: Activist of the First Hour dabere na ndụ Mamia ChentouF, nwanyị nta akụkọ Paris mbụ.

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nkiri
!Ọrụ
!Ụdị
!Ihe mgbochi.
|-
|1977
|''Ihu ụmụ nwanyị''
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|1983
|''Nwa amaala na-eche ikpe ihu''
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|1995
|''Elu ụlọ nke ụwa''
|Onye na-enyere onye nduzi aka
|Ihe nkiri
|
|-
|2003
|''Maktoub''
|Onye na-emepụta ya
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|2003
|''El Qada Wa El Qadar''
|Onye na-emepụta ya
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|2014
|''El Qilada''
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|-
|2014
|''Tahaddi Imraae''
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri TV
|
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
dabeere na National Liberation War na ihe omume ndị mere n'etiti 1932 na nnwere onwe

* {{IMDb name|nm0252659}} 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Catherine Ndereba</title>
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[[File:Osaka07 D9M WMarathon Ndereba running.jpg|thumb|Catherine Ndereba]]
'''Catherine Nyambura Ndereba''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/fanguide/athlete?id=23634|title=Wincatherine Nyambura Ndereba - Olympics Athletes - 2008 Summer Olympics - Beijing, China - ESPN|work=sports.espn.go.com|accessdate=2018-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; (amụrụ na 21 Julaị 1972) bụ onye Kenya na-agba ọsọ marathon lara ezumike nká.N'agbata afọ 2003 na 2008, ọ gụchara n'ọkwa abụọ kacha elu n'ime marathon asọmpi mba ụwa ise sochiri.Ndereba emeriela marathon ugboro abụọ na asọmpi egwuregwu mba ụwa wee nweta ihe nrite ọla ọcha n'egwuregwu Olimpik Summer na 2004 na 2008, bụrụ onye mbụ nwetara nrite nrite nwanyị Kenya. Ọ bụkwa onye meriri [[Bosso, Nigeria|Boston]] Marathon ugboro anọ na onye meriri [[Chicago]] Marathon ugboro abụọ. Ọ bụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ 2001 ka ọ ji oge 2:18:47 mebie ndekọ marathon ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Turnbull|first=Simon|date=16 April 2023|title=Ndereba and Okayo – the marathon greats who blazed a trail for Kenyan women|url=https://worldathletics.org/heritage/news/catherine-ndereba-maragaret-okayo-marathon-boston-new-york|accessdate=16 April 2023|work=[[World Athletics]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2008, onye Chicago Tribune onye na-ede egwuregwu bụ Philip Hersh kọwara Ndereba dị ka onye marathon kacha mma nke ụmụ nwanyị oge niile.&lt;ref&gt;''Chicago Tribune'', 8 October 2008: [http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2008/10/constantina-tom.html ''Ranking the Top 10 women marathoners'']&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Catherine Ndereba sitere na Gatunganga na mpaghara Nyeri,[1] wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Ngorano ebe ọ gbasoro ọrụ ịgba ọsọ ya.Na 1994, ndị Kenya Prisons Service kpọbatara ya n'ọrụ n'ime mmemme egwuregwu ya. E nyere ndereba ihe nrite 2004 na 2005 Kenyan Sportswoman of the Year.Onye isi ala Mwai Kibaki nyere ya Order of the Golden Warrior na 2005. &lt;ref&gt;''The Standard'', 28 October 2007: [https://web.archive.org/web/20071029181934/http://www.eastandard.net/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143976625 Catherine Ndereba: Racing to conquer the world]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;IAAF, 2 March 2006: [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=131072/newsId=33649.html ''Athletes dominate Kenyan Sports Awards'']&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndereba mechara n'ọkwa nke asaa na Marathon London nke afọ 2009, nhata ndekọ Katrin Dorre nke 21 sub-2:30 hours marathon.O tinyere nke atọ na Marathon Women's Yokohama ka afọ ahụ gasịrị.na-agwụcha ihe ọmụmụ ahụ n'oge awa 2:29:13.Ọ gbaghị ọsọ marathon ọzọ ruo Ọktoba 2011, mgbe ọ gafere ahịrị na elekere 2:30:14 maka nke atọ na Marathon Beijing. &lt;ref&gt;IAAF, 27 April 2009: [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=50350.html Ndereba matches Dorre’s record total of 21 sub-2:30 marathons]&lt;/ref&gt; .

Women's Marathon n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, na-emecha usoro ahụ n'ime awa 2:29:13 . &lt;ref&gt;[http://marathoninfo.free.fr/athletes/ndereba.htm Catherine Ndereba]. Marathon Info. Retrieved on 17 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gwụbeghị ọsọ marathon ọzọ ruo n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ gafere akara ahụ n'ime awa 2:30:14 maka nke atọ na Beijing Marathon.&lt;ref&gt;Jalava, Mirko (16 October 2011). [http://www.iaaf.org/LRR11/news/newsid=62722.html Kiprop and Wei Xiaojie triumph in Beijing]. IAAF. Retrieved on 17 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndereba, onye aha  njirimara ya  bụ &quot;Catherine the Great&quot;, bi na Nairobi ya na di ya Anthony Maina na nwa ya nwanyị Jane.Nwanne ya nwoke Samuel na nwanne ya nwanyị Anastasia bụkwa ndị na-agba ọsọ marathon. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.runnersworld.com/races-places/a20786975/marathon-great-catherine-ndereba-retires/ Marathon Great Catherine Ndereba Retires]. ''Runner's World'' (2014-05-28). Retrieved 2020-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Hersh, Philip (2002-10-10). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-10-10-0210100353-story.html World record-holder Catherine Ndereba trains with her husband and sister, but it's her 5-year-old daughter who best motivates mom]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved 2020-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/printout/0,29239,1819129_1819134_1825760,00.html Catherine Ndereba]. ''Time''. Retrieved 2020-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==
[[Usòrò:2005_WC_Marathon_Women_456_Catherine_Ndereba.jpg|thumb|Ndereba na-asọmpi na 2005 World Championships Marathon.]]

* 1995
** Ọ nọchitere anya Kenya na mba ụwa na nke mbụ ya na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị na Seoul, Korea
* 1996
** Nọkwa nke abụọ na USA Track and Field's World Road Running Rankings; akpọrọ Road Runner of the Year site na magazin Runner's World na Road Racer of the Year nke Running Times''Oge Ndị Na-agba ọsọ''
* 1997
** Ọ gbaghị ọsọ
** Ọ mụrụ nwa nwanyị, Jane.
* 1998
** A na-akpọ ya Road Runner of the Year site na Runner's World na Road Racer of the Year nke Running Times''Oge Ndị Na-agba ọsọ''
** O meriri ọla nchara n'otu n'otu na ọla edo n'otu IAAF World Half Marathon Championship na Palermo, Ịtali
** Ọ gbara ọsọ kachasị ọsọ n'ụwa n'afọ ahụ na kilomita 5 (15:09), kilomita 12 (38:37), kilomita 15 (48:52), na kilomita 10 (53:07). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Famous people from Kenya Catherine Ndereba|url=http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/famous-people-from-kenya-catherine-ndereba.html|work=Kenya Travel Ideas|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2020-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507131755/http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/famous-people-from-kenya-catherine-ndereba.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** O mere nke mbụ ya na Boston Marathon, na-emecha nke isii na 2:28:27 awa
** Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na New York City MarathonMarathon nke New York City
* 2000
** Onye mmeri nke Boston Marathon
** Onye mmeri nke Chicago Marathon
** A na-akpọ ya AIMS World Athlete of the Year site na Association of International Marathons and Distance Races 
* 2001
** Onye mmeri City-Pier-City Loop (ọkara marathon). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_CPCHM.htm|title=City-Pier-City Half Marathon - List of winners|work=arrs.run|accessdate=2024-03-20|archivedate=2023-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330121732/https://www.arrs.run/HP_CPCHM.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Onye mmeri nke Boston Marathon
** Onye mmeri nke Chicago Marathon n'Ihe ndekọ ụwa
* 2002
** O mechara nke abụọ na Boston Marathon. O mechakwara bụrụ onye nke abụọ na Chicago Marathon
* 2003
** Onye nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na asọmpi marathon nke ụwa
** Onye mmeri nke ọkara marathon nke Sapporo
** O mechara nke abụọ na New York City Marathon na London Marathon
* 2004
** 2004 Summer Olympics, [[Atens]] - onye nwetara ọlaọcha na marathon
** Onye mmeri nke Boston Marathon
* 2005
** Onye mmeri Boston Marathon (onye mmeri nwanyị mbụ ugboro anọ) 
** Onye nwetara ọlaọcha na asọmpi nke ụwa
* 2006
** Onye mmeri nke Osaka International Ladies Marathon
** Onye mmeri nke Bogota Half Marathon &lt;ref&gt;IAAF website, 31 July 2008: [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=35504.html Joseph and Ndereba win at the Bogota Half Marathon]&lt;/ref&gt;
** O mechara nke atọ na New York City Marathon
* 2007
** Onye nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na asọmpi World Championship
** O mechara bụrụ onye nke ise na New York City Marathon
* 2008
** 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing - onye nwetara ọlaọcha na marathon
** O mechara bụrụ onye nke ise na New York City Marathon
* 2009
** O mechara nke isii na London Marathon
* 2011
** O mechara nke atọ na Beijing International Marathon

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Catherine Ndereba: The Marathon Queen, nke Ng'ang'a Mbugua. Sasa Sema Publications, 2008

== Edensibia ==
{{Commons category}}&lt;div class=&quot;reflist&quot;&gt;
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Catherine NderebanaEgwuregwu Ụwa 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080727114903/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1819129_1819134_1825760,00.html &quot;Catherine Ndereba&quot;], n°38 na ndepụta Time nke &quot;100 Olympic Athletes To Watch&quot;
* [http://www.wincatherine.com Ọrụ ihe nkiri &quot;Catherine Ndereba&quot;]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200507131755/http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/famous-people-from-kenya-catherine-ndereba.html Ndị ama ama si Kenya]
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|rec}}
{{succession box|before={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Naoko Takahashi]]|title=[[Marathon world best progression|Women's Marathon World Record Holder]]|years=7 October 2001 &amp;ndash; 13 October 2002|after={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Paula Radcliffe]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ndereba, Catherine}}
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  <page>
    <title>Diamond nke Otu Narị Afọ</title>
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De Beers Centenary Diamond bụ, na 273.85 carats (54.770 g), diamond nke atọ ukwuu emepụtara na Premier Mine .  N'ime dayamọnd agba agba, naanị Cullinan I na II buru ibu uzo diamond Centenary.  [1] A na- ụfọdụ diamond Centenary na agba dị ka ọkwa D agba site na Gemological Institute of America, nke bụ ɔkwan elu nke diamond na-mkpuchi ụcha ma na-mkpuchi n'ime na n'ụdị.  Akpọorọd ya diamond Centenary dị ka e sere ya n'ike siri ike maka emume Centennial nke De Beers Consolidated Mines na 11 Mee 1988. E-elu diamond Centenary na ụdị ikpeazụ na Mee 1991.

== Nchọpụta ==
Achọpụta diamond Centenary na Premier Mine na 17 Julaị 1986 site na iji usoro onyonyo X-ray ha.  Ihe siri ike mbụ bụ 599 carats (119.8 g) ma gosi ya na 11 Mee 1988 na emume Centennial nke De Beers Consolidated Mines.  Dị ka onye isi oche oge ahụ Julian Ogilvie Thompson kwuru, &quot;Mụka agbakeela na Premier Mine diamond nke 599 carats (119.8 g) nke zuru oke na agba - n'ezie ọ bụ otu n'ime diamond ekwe elu nke a hụtụrụla.  o yẹ yẹ, a ga-akpọ ya diamond Centenary.&quot;

== Ịcha Centenary ==
Ịcha oke diamond dị otú ahụ bara uru ahụ nka na nnukwu ego.  Abụrụ Gabi Tolkowsky ka ọ bụrụ onye isi otu ndị na-ahụ maka ịbelata Diamond Centenary, yana Geoff Woolett, Jim Nash na Dawie du Plessis, ndị otu ndị injinia, ndị ọrụ ọkụ na ndị nche fotora iche iche na-enyere aka iji.  kwado ọrụ na Centenary Diamond.  [1] [2] Enwere ụlọ iche e mere n'okpuru ala na De Beers Diamond Research Laboratory na Johannesburg, South Africa maka mkpụrụ nke ọrụ na Centenary Diamond na-apụta pụta ike na nkwụsi ike ka muuqe igwe na-ama.  egwu na egwu egwu iji ihe egwu na-akpata.  nwere ike ibu mpụ diamond Centenary

Emere mbọ mbụ ahụ site na aka kama iji laser ma ọ bụ hụ ka ọ ghara ikpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ịma jijiji diamond. Mgbe ebipụchara ma wepụ 50 carats (10 g) nke ihe gbawara agbawa ihe karịrị ụbọchị 154, a hapụrụ ndị otu ahụ nwere ihe dị ka akwa dị ihe dị ka 500 carats (100 g) . E gosipụtara atụmatụ iri na atọ dị iche iche na bọọdụ De Beers, na-atụ aro siri ike maka ihe ghọrọ ihe n'ikpeazụ gbanwetụrụ ime ụdị obi. A kọwara ọdịdị ahụ dị ka, &quot;N'ụzọ dị irè, diamond Centenary dị ka ọdịdị obi, ma ọ nweghị oghere. Ihe oyiyi ndị otu ahụ bu n'uche bụ ọdịdị nke ga-achọ okpueze India Maharaja mma.&quot; &lt;/link&gt;

== Ọnụọgụ ==
Emechara Centenary na February 1991, na-atụ 273.85 carats (54.770 g) na ihe na-atụ 39.90 × 50.50 × 24.55 mm.  Akpa ikpeazụ nwere ike 247: 164 na pavilion na okpueze, na 83 na eriri.  Ọ bụ na ọ dị ihe mgbe a tụlechara nkume ahụ n'ihu ọha maka uru, a maara na agbanyere ebe na ihe ọmụmụ US $ 100 nde n'oge LEDre ya na Mee 1991. A na-agbazinye nkume ahụ na ndị Elu nke London  , bụ ebe e pịa ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ.  Ekwenyere na De Beers enwekwaghị Centenary, mana ama onye nwe ya ugbu a.  De Beers ikwu okwu, na-ekwu maka ìhè aha ya.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke diamond

== Ntụaka ==

; Nkọwapụta
{{Reflist}}

; Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Bara nnukwu uru na Gemology: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nkeji iri na ise nke GIA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080201035355/http://www.gia.edu/gemsandgemology/620/2531/this_weeks_news_details.cfm &quot;Izu a na akụkọ ihe mere eme bara nnukwu uru: diamond Centenary&quot;] . eweghachiri 14 Eprel 2005.
* Ibe diamond ama ama nke Ryan Thompson. [http://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/centenarydiamond.html &quot;Diamond Centenary&quot;] . eweghachiri 14 Eprel 2005.
* Ibe diamond ama ama nke Ryan Thompson. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070705023127/http://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/tolkowskyletter.html &quot;Leta sitere na Gabi Tolkowsky, Master Diamond Cutter&quot;] . eweghachiri 14 Eprel 2005.
* Ụlọ akụkọ GIA [https://web.archive.org/web/20060904190910/http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/608/13941/news_release_details.cfm &quot;Gabi Tolkowsky na-agwa ụmụ akwụkwọ GIA okwu&quot;]&amp;nbsp;( ''[[Wayback Machine]]'' ewepụtara 2012-03-15-15:38).
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    <title>Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na Jagersfontein</title>
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[[Usòrò:Diamant_Excelsior_Croquis_Streeter's_Precious_Stones_1899.jpg|thumb| 972 carats (194.4 g) diamond Excelsior, nke kachasi na Jagersfontein nke m]]
Jagersfontein Mine / ˌjeɪɡərz ˈfɒnteɪn / bụ ogbunigwe mepere emepe na South Africa , nke dị nso na obodo Jagersfontein na ihe dịka 110 kilometers (68 miles) ndị na-azụ ihuenyo nke Bloemfontein .  [1] [2] Ebe ọ bụ na e hiwere ya na mbụ, [3] [4] abụọ n'ime diamond iri siri ike mgbasala, Excelsior na Reitz (nke a na-akpọ Jubili ogbugbu a), bụ ndị Jagersfontein ikike  .  [2] E chepụtala okwu ahụ bụ &quot;Jagers&quot; iji gosi ụdị agba na-acha ihe nke bara nnukwu uru sitere na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe.  [5] N'etiti ndị ọkà na-asụ mbara ala, a mara Jagersfontein dị ka ọkpọkọ kimberlite, [6] na mpaghara bụ isi maka mantle xenoliths, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-akpọ na ha sitere na omimi nke 300–500 km (190).  -310 mi) .  [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;distance&quot;&gt;[http://www.mindat.org/loc-3076.html &quot;Jagersfontein Mine, Jagersfontein, Free State Province, South Africa&quot;], Mindat.org&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ mmalite ==
Achọpụtara ogbunigwe ahụ na 1870. Onye ọrụ ugbo JJ de Klerk chọtara diamond mbụ, nkume nke carats 50 n'August nke afọ ahụ, na-egwu ala ozugbo malitere, malite ọsọ ọsọ diamond . Nchọpụta nke izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị nke ogbunigwe ndị bara ụba nke ukwuu na Bultfontein na Du Toits Pan, na-esote nnukwu ihe a chọtara na [[De Beers]] na Colesberg Kop (Kimberley) mere ka a na-eleghara Jagersfontein anya ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ruo 1887 ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ogbunigwe ahụ bụ ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ, ma na-adaba na mbọ a na-eme iji mejupụta mmasị na ogbunigwe Kimberley, otu mmegharị ahụ mere na Jagersfontein, na ka ọ na-erule 1893 nkwupụta ahụ nile ghọrọ ihe onwunwe nke otu ụlọ ọrụ., nke nwere nhazi ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ [[De Beers]] . 

== Ndụ mmepụta ==
Ihe dị ka nde 9.6 carats (1,900 n'arọ) nke ọla -ọdịdị ola diamond ka ewepụtara n'oge ncheta afụ nke m na-arụ ọrụ, ọrụ agha ụwa abụọ na oke ike mba n'obi .  [1] Mgbe afọ iri atọ na-ahụ nke ogbunigwe meghere olulu, ikiri ala n'okpuru ala na 1909, wee gaa n'ihu ruo mgbe emechiri ya na Mee 28, 1971;  Ihe na- ụmụaka otu awụ mgbe awụ nke iri nke egwu diamond mbụ na mpaghara ahụ.  [2] [3] ahụ, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka mepere emepe na obodo Jagers Mining kwuruwo dị ka ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya na saịtị ahụ.

onye polisini ihe mere eme bụ Steve Lunderstedt mere na 2005 na ogbunigwe ahụ bụ nnukwu oghere e gwupụtara n'ụwa na 19.65 hectare (48.6 acres), buru ibu ụfọdụ nnukwu oghere nke 17 ha (acres 42) na Kimberley, nke nara.  aha ya ruo mgbe ahụ.  Ma anya anya, ọ bụghị ihe kacha omimi, ebe ọ bụ na omimi nke nnukwu oghere ruru 220 m (720 ft) ma ọ bụ ebe.  E ji aka gwuru Jagersfontein ruo omimi nke 200 m (660 ft) site na 1911

Ugbu a, ọha na eze emechiela ebe a na-egwupụta ihe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.openafrica.org/participant/Open-Mine-Jagersfontein|title=Open Africa - Open Mine Jagersfonteign|accessdate=2014-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218105152/http://www.openafrica.org/participant/Open-Mine-Jagersfontein|archivedate=2014-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ọgba aghara Jagersfontein ===
Ọtụtụ ndị na-egwuputa ihe ma ọ bụ 'ọgba aghara' mere n'etiti 1913 na 1914 na ogbunigwe Koffiefontein, Klipdam, Randfontein, Kimberley, Premier mines na Jagersfontein mines. Ọnwụ n'ihi agbapụ na ogbunigwe Premier na nke ọma dị ka ogbunigwe Jagersfontein mere ka mgbasa ozi dị elu karịa ndị ogbunigwe ndị ọzọ mere n'oge ahụ.

Okwu ndị metụtara ndị Sotho na ọgbaghara kpalitere gụnyere: Oké ịda mbà n'obi, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na South Africa bụ nke siri ike karịa Basotholand yana arịrịọ mbụ ka e nyefee ókèala Britain n'aka South Africa Union. Ihe kacha wute n'okwu ndị a bụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dịka ya, yana ịda mbà n'obi akụ na ụba, na-etinye nrụgide dị ukwuu n'ahụ ndị ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ ịlaghachi ego n'ụlọ na Basotholand. &lt;ref&gt;Scott Rosenberg, Richard F. Weisfelder. Historical Dictionary of Lesotho. Scarecrow Press, 13 Jun 2013 page xxv&lt;/ref&gt;

Oke ụmụ na ndị nwoke na Jagersfontein bụ 16: 1 nke bụ ihe na-adịghị mma maka obodo Free State na dị ka oke nke ụmụ akwụkwọ so na-egosi iwe na Jagersfontein kwuru ndị ọzọ nke oge ya.  Ka o sina dị, ndị echiche na Jagersfontein mere ihe siri ike n'ahụ ụmụ ndị na-etinye aka na ike ahụ ike ihe omume na March 1913 bụ ebe onye ọrụ uwe ojii mechiri ebe bantu, ụlọ nke ọ ALA ma nwee ka  akwụkwọ na ebe egbe.  E jidere ihe dị ka anụmanụ 61, nke ihe nkiri nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50% nwere agba .

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/jubileediamond.html |title=The Jubilee Diamond |accessdate=2024-04-06 |archivedate=2019-10-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029191214/http://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/jubileediamond.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;A kpọrọ diamond Reitz aha mbụ Francis William Reitz, onye isi ala steeti Orange Free State nke Jagersfontein dị na ya.  N'afọ sochirinụ bụ Jubilee Diamond nke Queen Victoria (ememe nke afọ 60 nke echichi ya) ya mere a nha aha ahụ bara nnukwu uru Jubilee diamond iji mee ememe ahụ.

=== A na-ekpofu ihe nkwakọba ihe ===
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAFSHC/2007/74.html|title=De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd and Others (3215/06) &amp;#91;2007&amp;#93; ZAFSHC 74 (13 December 2007)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cer.org.za/virtual-library/judgments/high-courts/de-beers-consolidated-mines-ltd-v-ataqua-mining-pty-ltd-and-others|title=De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd and others|date=12 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hsfnotes.com/africa/2020/07/08/the-unregulated-terrain-of-historic-mine-dumps-in-south-africa/|title=The Unregulated Terrain of Historic Mine Dumps in South Africa|date=8 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://engineeringnews.co.za/print-version/historic-dumps-do-not-appear-to-be-mprda-regulated-law-firm-2020-07-19|title=Engineering News - 'Historic dumps' do not appear to be MPRDA regulated – law firm|accessdate=2024-04-06|archivedate=2024-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406075702/https://engineeringnews.co.za/print-version/historic-dumps-do-not-appear-to-be-mprda-regulated-law-firm-2020-07-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;Achọpụtara ikpe dị na Disemba 2007, De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd, mkpofu mkpofu ihe mere eme ka n'okpuru iwu nke Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act .  Usoro iwu njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi niile ka etinyere ya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC54729|title=Status of tailings dumps : Let's go working in the past?|journal=Stellenbosch Law Review|date=January 2010|volume=21|issue=1|pages=116–131|author=Badenhorst|first=P. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu ụlọ ọrụ aha ya bụ Son Op malitere ịrụ ọrụ nrụzigharị dị ntakịrị na ogbunigwe ahụ na Septemba 2010 tupu ọ gbanwee aha ya gaa na mmepe Jagersfontein. Reinet Investments nke Luxembourg tinyere aka na 2011, mana emesịa ree ya na Stargems Group n'oge mbido 2022. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=13&amp;art_id=vn20050221083602651C821320 IOL: Free State town forgotten in history]&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Na 11 Septemba 2022 mkpọda apịtị gburu mmadụ atọ ma kpọga mmadụ 40 n'ụlọ ọgwụ yana ịhapụ ọtụtụ ndị chụpụrụ mgbe mgbidi dam ọdụ m dara dara wee gbawaa.
 

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.google.com/maps/@-29.7644708,25.4194561,803m/data=!3m1!1e3 Echiche ikuku nke Jagersfontein Mine], [[Google Maps]]
* [http://karoospace.co.za/historic-jagersfontein-free-state/ Akụkọ ihe mere eme Jagersfontein, steeti efu]
[[Òtù:Aha]]
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      <text bytes="2232" sha1="ry1fvxdzvgp8arueh6pyhzxfz35ccsz" xml:space="preserve">'''CybageAsha''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Cybage-Asha-donates-Rs-15-lakh-to-NGOs/articleshow/25500896.cms|title=Cybage Asha donates Rs 15 lakh to NGOs - Times of India|work=The Times of India|accessdate=2017-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ntụkwasị obi edebanyere aha nke ebere hibere n'okpuru Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950, na Ọktoba 2003. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ntọala ahụ bụ mmepe ime obodo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://corporatecitizen.in/issue5/csr-initiative-cybage-asha-adopts-villages.html|title=Corporate Citizen|work=corporatecitizen.in|accessdate=2017-03-29|archivedate=2017-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330013014/http://corporatecitizen.in/issue5/csr-initiative-cybage-asha-adopts-villages.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; igbu mmanya na-egbu egbu, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/lack-of-clarity-may-be-detrimental-for-csr|title=Lack of clarity may be detrimental for CSR|date=2013-09-11|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=2017-03-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọdịmma ọha mmadụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/City-Pune/dna_english_news_and_features/Cybage-Asha--helps-villages-hit-by-drought/DNPUN59702|title=Cybage Asha helps villages hit by drought - DNA - English News &amp; Features - City-Pune - dnasyndication.com|work=dnasyndication.com|accessdate=2017-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ụzọ ndụ ndụ. Ntọala ahụ dabere na Pune, [[Ndia|India]], na Ritu Nathani, Onye isi Cybage na Managing Trustee CybageAsha na CybageKhushboo. Atụmatụ ọrụ ebere ndị a na-atụnye ụtụ n'ịkwalite [[Education|mmụta]] na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba, na-achọ mmepe nke ndị na-enweghị isi maka [[Ȯgbà|ọha mmadụ]] ka mma. &gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Edensibia ==
ọha mmadụ,  na ụzọ ndụ ndụ. Ntọala ahụ dabere na Pune, India, na Ritu Nathani, Onye{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240302134856/https://www.cybageasha.org/ Saịtị gọọmentị]</text>
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{{Databox}}
[[Usòrò:Chesed_Shel_Emes_vehicles.jpg|thumb|420x420px| Ụgbọ ala Chesed Shel Emes hụrụ n'ebe a na-eli ozu Woodridge, New York]]
'''Chesed Shel Emet''' ( Hebrew  , ; nke pụtara &quot;Charity of Truth&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Ezigbo Ịhụnanya Obiọma &quot;) bụ nzukọ afọ ofufo nke ndị Juu dị n'ụdị dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa.

== Israel ==
 
N'Izrel, a na-akpọ isi Chesed Shel Emet dị ka ZAKA, ọ bụ ezie na òtù ndị ọzọ dị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaka.org.il/index_e.php|title=שגיאה&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|accessdate=2009-05-27|archivedate=2020-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610114406/http://www.zaka.org.il/index_e.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Canada ==
Chesed Shel Emet nke Canada ka e hiwere na 1930 dị ka ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nwere ikike ịkwadebe ndị otu ndị Juu maka olili dịka ọdịnala Ọtọdọks siri dị. A na-emeso onye ọ bụla n'otu nlebara anya na nkwanye ùgwù. Ọ dịghị onye a jụrụ ije ozi n'ihi ụkọ ego. Chesed Shel Emet bụ ọgbakọ kwụụrụ onwe ya na obodo. A na-ahọpụta ma zụọ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị dịka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo nke chevra kadisha (ọha dị nsọ). Nzube ha bụ iji ezi omume na ịhụnanya kwadebe ndị nwụrụ anwụ maka olili. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chesedshelemes.org/ |title=Home – Chesed Shel Emes |accessdate=2024-04-11 |archivedate=2024-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421135946/https://chesedshelemes.org/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== United States ==
[[Usòrò:Cse_jersey_city.jpg|thumb|420x420px| Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Chesed Shel Emes nwere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-enyocha ụlọ ahịa Jersey City kosher ebe e gburu mmadụ atọ na Disemba. (CSE)]]
Chesed Shel Emet nke New York bụ onye Rabbi Mendel Rosenberg hiwere ya. Otu a na-enye ọtụtụ ọrụ mgbe ha nwụsịrị, gụnyere olili ozu Ọtọdọks na-enweghị ntụpọ nke na-agụnye taharah (ime ọcha nke ememe), tachrich (akwa ili), na ntinye n'ime igbe ozu nke osisi dị nro. Ọ na-ekwurịta okwu na ụlọ ọgwụ dị ka &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; &amp;#x5D; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)&quot;&gt;mkpa&lt;/span&gt;]]''&lt;/sup&gt; iji wepụ ahịrị na ọkpọkọ n'ime onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ ma nweta ntọhapụ nke ozu n'oge, ma nweekwa mkparịta ụka nke ọma na ụlọ ikpe nke ebe ọdabara na ikike iji kwụsị nchọpụta ozu ndị amachibidoro. A na-achọrọ ọrụ otu a mgbe ụfọdụ maka mkpa pụrụ iche, dị ka tahara na Puerto Rico ma ọ bụ na-akwụ ụgwọ ụgbọ elu nkeonwe iji bufee onye nwụrụ anwụ si n'obodo. Ndị otu mgbake ihe mberede ha, bụ ndị ha na FEMA rụkọrọ ọrụ na nsonazụ nke Hurricane Katrina na New Orleans, ehichapụla ọtụtụ narị ebe ihe mberede, na-ahụ na ọbara niile na akụkụ ahụ ọ bụla e kewara ekewa na-echikọta ọnụ na onye nwụrụ anwụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nzukọ New York liela ihe karịrị 1200 m'sei mitzvah, ya bụ: ndị na-enweghị onye ọzọ na-eli ha. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-arụ ọrụ Bikur Cholim n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara ma nwee otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo dị maka ịmụ mishnah maka ndị nwụrụ anwụ. 

Otu dị otu a dị n'ofe US, dịka ọmụmaatụ na Boston, Los Angeles, St. Paul, Detroit, Baltimore, Washington DC, na Seattle. Ha dịkwa na mba iri na asaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jirs.org/jirs/jirs0028ae.html|title=JIRS: Chesed Shel Emes-Hebrew Free Burial Society|work=www.jirs.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516231343/http://www.jirs.org/jirs/jirs0028ae.html|archivedate=May 16, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* ZAKA[[Usòrò:ZakaAmbulance.JPG|center|thumb| Ambulans Zaka. Ihe odide dị n'akụkụ na-agụ ''Zaka: Chesed Shel Emes'']]

== Edensibia ==
akụkụ ahụ ọ bụla e kewara ekewa na-echikọta ọnụ na onye nwụrụ anwụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nzukọ New York liela ihe karịrị {{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.chesedshelemes.com/ Chesed Shel Emes - USA]
* [https://chesedshelemes.com/the-final-honor/ Reb Meir Hersh Berger nke Chesed Shel Emes na-ekerịta akụkọ na-enweghị atụ]
* [http://www.chesedshelemesaid.org/ Chesed Shel Emes - Greater Washington DC mpaghara]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cambridge House (nhazi)</title>
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&lt;ref name=&quot;Charity Commission&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Charity Commission|title=Cambridge House Annual Report &amp; Accounts 2014-15|url=http://apps.charitycommission.gov.uk/Accounts/Ends03/0000265103_AC_20150331_E_C.pdf|accessdate=5 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ndị Cambridge (Cambridge na Talbot) bụ mgbanwe afụ na Southwark, London .
[[Usòrò:Cambridge_House_(4335682746).jpg|thumb| Ụlọ Cambridge na 2010]]
&lt;ref name=&quot;Our work and impact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cambridge House website|title=Our Work and Impact|url=http://ch1889.org/our_work_and_impact|accessdate=1 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101705/http://ch1889.org/our_work_and_impact|archivedate=7 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; LED nke ọrụ ebere ahụ bụ imegide ndị ogbenye na-egosi ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha mmadụ, na-enye ọrụ na-akwado ndị nwere nwea mkpa mkpa na obere anya.  Ndị Cambridge na-enye ndị bi na Southwark na mpaghara London dị iche iche ọrụ na nke na-egosighị ìhè.  ihio ajụjụ ajụjụ gbasara iwu n'efu &amp; akụkụte anya yana nkwado .  Ndị Cambridge na- mfe ọrụ &amp; egwuregwu maka ndị nwere ikike, ọrụ ike ndị agha, na mmemme 'Egwuregwu maka Social Justice'.  Ọrụ ndị na-egosi ìhè nke Cambridge House na-papa mgbasa ọha na eze na usoro site na nyọpụ na ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na site n'inye ọrụ na ndị ọrụ nye ndị ọrụ ebere na ndị otu obodo.

Ndị Cambridge bụ onye nchoputa nke Locality na International Federation of Settlements, yana nke nke obodo na nke mba ụwa nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na nke obodo na-arụ ọrụ na-emeri ego ogbenye.  Ụbọchị ebere ahụ na-ahụ anya n'ịlụso ọtụtụ ihe ụkọ, na-arụ ọrụ iji mebie ụzọ nke mwepu na nsogbu site n'inye Pọtụfoliyo nke ọrụ nke na-ahụ maka nke ihe ize ndụ nke na-edobe ego ogbenye na  osisi osisi

N'ịbụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ a na-emezigharị ọkwa nke Abụọ na Walworth, ọrụ ebere ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ebere na otu obodo. N'afọ ego 2014-15, ọrụ ebere ahụ ruru mmadụ 105,000. &lt;ref name=&quot;Charity Commission&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;IVAR - new&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Baker|first=Leila|title=From Settlement to Community Anchor: The Enduring Value of Cambridge House|date=June 2009|volume=IVAR - Institute for Voluntary Action Research|url=http://ch1889.org/pdf/Institue%20for%20Voluntary%20Action%20Research%20Report%20Full%202009.pdf|accessdate=1 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ndị Cambridge Akụkọ ndụ na 1889 dị ka nke Mmebe Mmebe .  [1] Tọrọ ntọala site n'aka ndị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi akwụkwọ na Trinity College, Cambridge na Magdalene College, Cambridge, e hibere ya iji gboo ego ogbenye na nchekwa n'ibu ndị kasị daa ogbenye na South London.  Saịtị na 1897 Mahadum Cambridge n'ozuzu ọzụzụ aka

Ndị mmụta akwụkwọ na mahadum na ndị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na-ebi na Cambridge House wee software ọrụ afụ maka obodo Southwark mpaghara.  Ndị bi n'ime ụlọ na-etinye aka na ndị na-enye ndị ogbenye, sị &quot;inye ezumike maka obodo; nhazi nke ụmụ nwoke, ihe omume na ọrụ; ọrụ iwu n'efu; ụgbọ aka na ọtụtụ òtù ọha.  &quot;  [1] N'afọ 1900, e hibere ebe obibi ụmụ a na-akpọ Talbot nso, gbadoro anya n'inyere ụmụ na-ama aka.  Ndị otu ahụ ahụ na 1972, bụrụ Cambridge House na Talbot.  [2] A ka na-akpọ ihe a n'ụzọ iwu.

N'afọ 1894, Cambridge House hiwere ọrụ ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu n'efu na UK (nke a na-akpọ Ụlọ Ọrụ Iwu ugbu a). Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, nzukọ ahụ hibere mgbanwe ọrụ mbụ nke UK. Na 1930s, Cambridge House malitere inye ndị na-enweghị ọrụ nkuzi nkuzi nka. N'afọ 1963, nzukọ ahụ hibere atụmatụ izizi ọgụgụ ndị okenye, nke butere ikike ịgụ akwụkwọ maka ndị okenye. &lt;ref name=&quot;Timeline&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cambridge House website|title=About Us: Timeline|url=http://ch1889.org/Timelines|accessdate=1 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101509/http://ch1889.org/Timelines|archivedate=7 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2015, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kpebiri ịkwado onye ahịa Cambridge House Law Centre na Kanu (Appelant) v Southwark London Borough Council. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2013-0234-judgment.pdf|title=Supreme Court Judgement Kanu (Appellant) vs London Borough of Southwark|date=|accessdate=2016-02-05|work=|publisher=|author=|first=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu ahụ dị ịrịba ama gbasara ikike nke ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi n'ụlọ. Ụlọikpe ahụ kagburu iwu na nduzi ikpe gara aga wee guzobe na:

# Ọrụ ikike nye ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi n'okpuru akụkụ VII Housing Act 1996 agaghị emetụta ma ọ bụ metụta ya site na akụrụngwa dị n'aka.
# Onye ntụnyere ziri ezi mgbe ị na-enyocha ma mmadụ ọ na-adịghị ike maka ihe kpatara ya na s189 (1) (c) bụ onye nkịtị ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eme ya enweghị ebe obibi.
# Enwere ike iburu n'uche nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ọzọ mgbe ị na-enyocha ma mmadụ ọ bụ onye na-adịghị ike mana nke ahụ kwesịrị itinye ya na &quot;ntụgharị uche dị mma&quot; nakwa na eziokwu nke nkwado n'onwe ya ezughị.
# N'ihe banyere onye na-achọ akwụkwọ nwere ma ọ bụ nwere nkwarụ mgbe ahụ n'oge ọ bụla nke usoro mkpebi, onye na-eme mkpebi ga-echebara mkpa ọ dị iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Equality Act 2010 nke gụnyere mkpa ọ dị iwepụ ịkpa ókè, gaa n'ihu. nha nhata nke ohere n'etiti ndị nwere nkwarụ na ndị na-enweghị na ime ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike iji gboo mkpa nke ndị nwere nkwarụ. S149 (1) (a)- (c) Iwu nha nhata 2010.
# Na nleba anya nke ọrụ ịha nhatanha ọha na eze ga-emerịrị &quot;n'ime ihe, n'ike na n'uche&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2013-0234-judgment.pdf|title=Supreme Court Judgement|date=|accessdate=2016-02-05|work=|publisher=|author=|first=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ &amp; Ihe omume ==
Ọrụ Cambridge House dabara na mpaghara ndị a: &lt;ref name=&quot;Charity Commission&quot;/&gt;

* [https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2013-0234-judgment.pdf Nkwado ọkachamara]
* Ụlọ Iwu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Law Centres Network|title=About Cambridge House Law Centre|url=http://www.lawcentres.org.uk/about-law-centres/law-centres-on-google-maps/alphabetically/centre:cambridge-house-law-centre|accessdate=1 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084451/http://www.lawcentres.org.uk/about-law-centres/law-centres-on-google-maps/alphabetically/centre:cambridge-house-law-centre}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nkwanye ndị ntorobịa
* Mmemme egwuregwu &amp; nka maka ndị nwere nkwarụ

Ụlọ Cambridge na-arụkwa ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-enye ọrụ na ohere ọrụ nye ndị ọrụ ebere na ndị otu obodo ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hire Space|title=Cambridge House venue page|url=http://hirespace.com/Venues/167/Cambridge-House|accessdate=1 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071559/http://hirespace.com/Venues/167/Cambridge-House}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị ọrụ ama ama &amp; ndị nkwado ==
HRH Prince Richard, Duke nke Gloucester - Onye isi ala

Dr Rowan Williams - Onye nlekọta

Jeremaịa Emmanuel - onye nkwado

[[Karin Woodley]] - Onye isi oche (2013–Ọ dị ugbu a)

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.ch1889.org Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140531092150/http://www.bassac.org.uk/ Ndị otu British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centers (BASSAC) webụsaịtị]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240420102806/https://www.actionforadvocacy.org.uk/ Action for Advocacy website]
* [http://www.lawcentres.org.uk/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Law Centers Federation]
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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    <title>Ebe A Na-etinye Ego n'Ụlọ Ọrụ Obodo</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Local Enterprise Investment Center''' (LEIC) bụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Canada kwadoro site na Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) yana IDLC Finance Limited (IDLC) na-elekọta iji duga ọrụ ntinye ego na Bangladesh.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Emepụtara ụlọ ọrụ ntinye ego mpaghara na 18 Septemba 2005. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044217/http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/bitstream/handle/10361/794/06104024.pdf?sequence=4 A study on IDLC Finance Limited], ''Bracu.ac'', 23 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Nzukọ mbụ nke kọmitii nduzi LEIC mere na Mee 2006. Ọ bụ Robert Beadle, onye isi oche kọmitii ahụ na-elekọta ya. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032456/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/05/03/d60503050364.htm Local Enterprise Investment Centre's steering body meet held], ''Thedailystar.com'', 3 May 2006&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2007, LEIC mepụtara mmemme iji kwalite ọrụ Bangladesh SME na ụlọ ọrụ ngwanrọ. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042637/http://www.basis.org.bd/newsletter/BASIS%20News%20%26%20Views%20May-June_2007.pdf Financing issues of the Bangladesh software &amp; ITES industry], ''Basis.org.bd'', May 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa ==
LEIC na-arụ ọrụ maka mmepe nke obere ụlọ ọrụ na obere ụlọ ọrụ (SMEs) na Bangladesh site na ịmepụta njikọ aka ma ọ bụ ụdị mmekọrịta ogologo oge na ụlọ ọrụ mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ nnukwu obodo, nke ga-enye ha ohere ịnweta isi obodo yana nkà na ụzụ. ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na usoro emelitere. LEIC nyere ndị SME aka n'akụkụ abụọ: usoro ọmụmụ na usoro mmejuputa. Enyemaka nke LEIC nyere sitere na oke ọnụ ahịa.

Ọrụ LEIC na-enye ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara: imekọrịta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmekọ - mba ụwa ma ọ bụ mpaghara; na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe omume maka ọrụ mmekọrịta ha; nweta teknụzụ ọhụrụ, ịma ụzọ na omume kachasị mma maka ọrụ mmekọ; mụbaa nkà-nhazi nke akụrụngwa mmadụ maka ọrụ mmekọrịta ha; mejuputa usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na nha anya nwoke na nwanyi maka oru mmekorita ha.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Bonsa Dida</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Bonsa Deriba Dida''' (amuru 21 Jenụwarị 1995) bụ onye Etiopia nwoke na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge na-asọ mpi egwu, okporo ụzọ na ịgba ọsọ obodo . Ọ nọchitere anya Etiopia ugboro atọ na asọmpi mba ụwa nke IAAF yana n'asọmpi 2014 IAAF World Half Marathon . &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250123100633/https://more.arrs.run/runner/33278 Bonsa Dida Deriba]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2017-03-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere mpụta mbụ ya na marathon na Mee 2014, na-edekọ 2:12:33 na Marathon Hamburg . Ọ laghachiri n'ebe dị anya na Jenụwarị 2017 wee bịa nke ise na Marathon Mumbai na oge 2:11:55. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/ethiopia/bonsa-dida-258275 Bonsa Dida]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2017-03-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe kacha mma nkeonwe ==

* 3000 mita – 8:04.64 nkeji (2014)
* 5000 mita – 13:41.44 nkeji (2011)
* 10,000 mita – 28:13.84 nkeji (2016)
* 10K ọsọ – 27:53 nkeji (2015)
* Ọkara Marathon – 60:19 nkeji (2015)
* Marathon – 2:11:55 (2017)

== Asọmpi mba ụwa ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
|rowspan=3|2011
|rowspan=2|[[2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Punta Umbría]], Spain
|4th
|[[2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race|Junior race]]
|22:39 
|-
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|Junior team
|24 pts
|-
|[[2011 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]]
|[[Gaborone]], Botswana
|5th
|10,000 m
|28:58.68
|-
|2013
|[[2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]]
|[[Bydgoszcz]], Poland
|17th
|[[2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race|Junior race]]
|22:38
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
|rowspan=2|[[2014 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships|World Half Marathon Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Copenhagen]], Denmark
|14th
|Half marathon
|1:01:12
|-
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|Team
|3:00:48
|-
|2015
|[[2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|IAAF World Cross Country Championships]]
|[[Guiyang]], China
|14th
|[[2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race|Senior race]]
|36:17
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Bonsa Dida at World Athletics 
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dida, Bonsa}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Databox}}
[[Usòrò:Prague_International_Marathon_in_2014_(110).JPG|thumb| Dadi Yami n'oge Marathon International Prague na 2014]]
'''Dadi Yami Gemeda''' (amụrụ 1982) bụ onye Etiopia na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge na-asọ mpi na marathon . Ihe kacha mma ya maka anya bụ elekere 2:05:41.

Amụrụ na zụlitere n'ime ime obodo dị na mgbago ugwu [[Addis Ababa]], amabeghị ụbọchị ọmụmụ Dadi n'ihi ndekọ na-adịghị mma yana atụmatụ na ọ ga-abụ na 1982. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na onye njikwa egwuregwu Jos Hermens wee malite ọzụzụ maka marathon ya na ndị otu ya. &lt;ref&gt;Butcher, Pat (2012-04-27). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/course-record-assaults-on-tap-in-hamburg Course record assaults on tap in Hamburg]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt; O mere mpụta mbụ ya n'ebe dị anya na Marathon Eindhoven nke afọ 2011 wee jikwaa ọnọdụ nke itoolu na oge nke elekere 2:11:04. &lt;ref&gt;van Hemert, Wim (2011-10-09). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/kipchumba-sizzles-20548-course-record-in-eind Kipchumba sizzles 2:05:48 course record in Eindhoven]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt; Marathon Dubai nke 2012 hụrụ ka ọ na-eme ọganiihu dị ukwuu na ọsọ nke 2:05:41 awa. N'ọsọ ọsọ dị oke egwu, nke a bụ naanị maka ebe nke isii, mana ọ ka nọ n'ọkwa iri abụọ kacha elu n'ụwa n'afọ ahụ yana n'ọkwa iri anọ kachasị na ndepụta oge niile. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/road-running/marathon/outdoor/men/senior/2012 2012 Men's Marathon]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Butcher, Pat (2012-01-27). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/abshero-stuns-with-20423-debut-mergia-clocks Abshero stuns with 2:04:23 debut, Mergia clocks 2:19:31 in Dubai]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọpụpụ ọzọ ya na Marathon Hamburg ọ dị ntakịrị nwayọọ na-agba ọsọ nke 2: 07: 01 awa, mana ubi ahụ dị nwayọọ karịa asọmpi Dubai na-agbaji na ọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ n'azụ Shami Abdulahi . &lt;ref&gt;Butcher, Pat (2012-04-29). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/dawit-again-sub-206-as-course-records-tumble Dawit again sub-2:06 as course records tumble in Hamburg]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya, ọ gbara ọsọ wee merie [[Abebe Bikila Marathon|Marathon Abebe Bikila]] . &lt;ref&gt;Civai, Franco &amp; Loonstra, Klass (2012-07-11). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406154002/https://www.arrs.run/HP_AddisMa.htm Abebe Bikila Marathon]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt; N'igosi mbata ya na mberede n'ọkwa ndị ama ama, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ Marathon Chicago 2012 wee bịa nke asatọ. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130415132137/http://results.public.chicagomarathon.com/2012/ 2012 Chicago Marathon results]. Chicago Marathon. Retrieved on 2013-02-02.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marathonguide.com/news/exclusives/ChicagoMarathon2012/ChicagoMarathon2012MensBios.cfm Chicago Marathon 2012 - Men's Bios]. Marathon Guide. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ laghachiri Dubai na 2013 mana ọ bụghị n'esemokwu n'ọsọ ọsọ, na-ejedebe nke asaa na oge nke 2:07:55 awa. &lt;ref&gt;Butcher, Pat (2013-01-25). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/debutant-desisa-wins-dubai-marathon-in-20445 Debutant Desisa wins Dubai Marathon in 2:04:45, five men under 2:05]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
ọsọ nke 2: 07: 01 awa, mana ubi ahụ dị nwayọọ karịa asọmpi Dubai na-agbaji na ọ{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Dadi Yami at World Athletics 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Darryl DeAngelo Terrell</title>
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      <text bytes="21674" sha1="fs4tix1p5xkk19dlm3wfxagp8prbp9x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|birth_date={{birth year and age|1991}}|birth_place=Detroit, Michigan, U.S.|alma_mater=[[Wayne State University]],&lt;br/&gt; [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]]|occupation=photographer, [[videographer]], performance artist, curator|website={{url|https://www.darryldterrell.com/}}}}

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hooper|first=Ryan Patrick|date=May 27, 2021|title=In its 2nd year, Art Mile is expanding its programming — and its reach across the region|url=https://www.freep.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F2021%2F05%2F27%2Fart-mile-event-expanding-programming%2F7453228002%2F|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Free Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527105616/https://www.freep.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F2021%2F05%2F27%2Fart-mile-event-expanding-programming%2F7453228002%2F|archivedate=2021-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;Darryl DeAngelo Terrell (amuru Detroit, 1991) bu onye omenka America-Amerika nke dabere na Brooklyn, onye bu onye omenkà mgbasa ozi dabere na oghere, onye na-eme ihe, onye na-ahụ maka ihe, DJ, onye nkuzi, onye na  -eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede, mara maka foto ha na videos.  Ha na-amata dị ka queer, femme, na ndị na- ọnụọgụ abụọ, nke gwaworo ọrụ nka ha.  [1] [2] [3] Ọrụ Terrell na-egosi ihe gbasara gbasara ntolite, nchụpụ, ihe edi, ike, na okike, na okwu ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=February 15, 2020|title=Detroit photographer uses gender-bending self-portraits to explore black and queer identity|url=https://www.michiganradio.org/arts-culture/2020-02-14/detroit-photographer-uses-gender-bending-self-portraits-to-explore-black-and-queer-identity|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Michigan Radio|publisher=NPR|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927143839/https://www.michiganradio.org/arts-culture/2020-02-14/detroit-photographer-uses-gender-bending-self-portraits-to-explore-black-and-queer-identity|archivedate=2021-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Mkpakọrịta Terrell na 1991 na Detroit, Michigan, ebe a na-ahụkwa ha.  [1] Ha gara Wayne State University, ebe ha akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na BFA ogo na 2015. [2] [3] Agụm akwụkwọ a sochiri ọnwụ na School of the Art Institute of Chicago, ebe Terrell ụzọ MFA.  ogo na foto na 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Darryl Deangelo Terrell|url=https://chicagoartistscoalition.org/artists/darryl-deangelo-terrell|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Chicago Artists Coalition|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Named Kresge Artist Fellow|url=https://www.saic.edu/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-named-kresge-artist-fellow|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=School of the Art Institute of Chicago|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927134633/https://www.saic.edu/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-named-kresge-artist-fellow}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 17, 2017|title=See It Now: The Overlook surveys black masculinity|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/331045683/|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Newspapers.com|publisher=Chicago Tribune|pages=4–6|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927144918/http://www.newspapers.com/image/331045683/|archivedate=2021-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell and Matthew Leifheit {{!}} Baxter St at CCNY|url=https://www.baxterst.org/events/darryl-deangelo-terrell-and-matthew-leifheit/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.baxterst.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=June 29, 2020|title=Works for the Now, by Queer Artists of Color|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/29/t-magazine/queer-bipoc-artists.html|accessdate=2021-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=DeVito|first=Lee|date=August 7, 2020|title=Why this Detroit photographer is taking 200 pictures of young people of color|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/the-scene/archives/2020/08/07/why-this-detroit-photographer-is-taking-200-pictures-of-young-people-of-color|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Metro Times|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810105448/https://www.metrotimes.com/the-scene/archives/2020/08/07/why-this-detroit-photographer-is-taking-200-pictures-of-young-people-of-color|archivedate=2020-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mgbe ha na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ha ahụmahụ nkà na-arụ ọrụ, ma okwu okwu nwoke na-egosi;  na nke a ha kere alter-ego, &quot;Dion&quot;.  [1] [2] Ọrụ nke Dion bụ ntọala na foto ya, a dị m ka mama m (Self-portrait 1980) .  [2] Ụbọchị 2017 ha, #Project20s, bụ foto nke ndị ojii 200 ma ọ bụ agba aja aja na awụ 20 tupu Terrell agbachie afọ 30.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://www.artic.edu/artists/115958/darryl-deangelo-terrell|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=The Art Institute of Chicago|date=March 14, 1991|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Enyere Terre onyinye nke Kresge Arts Fellowship (2019), [1] [2] Document Detroit Fellowship (2019), na Luminarts Fellowship in Visual Arts (2018).  Ọrụ Terrell na mkpokọta nka na-adịgide na Art Institute of Chicago

== Mmetụta ==
Akụkọ ọdịnala na egwu ndị Africa-America na-emetụta Terrell; nwere akwụkwọ dị ka 'Mules na Men' nke Zora Neale Hurston na 'Abụ nke Solomon' nke Toni Morrison na ụdị egwu gụnyere jazz, jazz mmụọ, ụlọ, mkpụrụ obi na hip-hop. Ndị obodo ha na-emetụtakwa ha nke ukwuu nke ha kọwara dị ka &quot;ndị nwere obi ike, ndị na-achị achị, ndị na-achị ọchị, na-alụso ndị isi ojii ọgụ&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I'll be Your Mirror|url=https://www.mrqd.org/team/darryl-deangelo-terrell/|work=Mighty Real Queer Detroit|accessdate=2024-05-22|archivedate=2023-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113337/https://mrqd.org/team/darryl-deangelo-terrell/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe obibi ==
Kemgbe ha hapụrụ mahadum, ha abụrụla 2023 Baxter St Resident, &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=It's Never Too Late to Admit That You Love Me {{!}} Baxter St at CCNY|url=https://www.baxterst.org/events/its-never-too-late-to-admit-that-you-love-me/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.baxterst.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2022 Fire Island Artist in Resident, 2022 Lighthouse Work Fellow, 2021 Black Rock Senegal Artist in Resident, 2021 Black Embodiment Studio Arts na-ede onye bi, 2020/21 Red Bull Onye obibi nka nka, 2019/20 Document Detroit Fellow, 2019 Kresge Arts na Detroit Fellow na Visual Arts na onye otu 2018 Luminarts na Arts Visual. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe oru ngo ==

=== Ụzọ isi pụọ ===
Ọrụ ha ''bụ ụzọ isi pụọ'' (2020-2022), nke egosipụtara na NXTHVN's Gallery yana onye na-ese ihe Hong Hong na ihe ngosi 'Let Them Roam Freely'. &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haven|first=Arts Council of Greater New|title=Roaming Into Another Realm: Hong Hong And Darryl DeAngelo Terrell's Portals|url=https://www.newhavenarts.org/arts-paper/articles/roaming-into-another-realm-hong-hong-and-darryl-deangelo-terrells-portals|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.newhavenarts.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ibe ọ bụla na ọrụ a bụ foto nke ihe Terrell kọwara dị ka 'Portals'. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aesthetica Magazine - Portals to the Future|url=https://aestheticamagazine.com/portals-to-the-future/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Aesthetica Magazine|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-emepụta 'portal' ndị a site na Terrell yi uwe ọla edo na ịgba egwu n'ihu oghere iji weghara naanị obere ụdị na mmegharị ahụ, iji 'ghọgbuo' ndị na-ekiri ka ha hụ ọla edo, ọdịdị na-egbuke egbuke. A na-eji ọla edo eme ihe ọ bụghị naanị dị ka ọ na-anọchi anya ike kamakwa &quot;dị ka ndu, ụzọ ụlọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://lvl3official.com/darryl-deangelo-terrell/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=LVL3|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ ọnụ ụzọ nnwere onwe maka ndị isi ojii.

Akpọrọ foto ọ bụla aha ya na nhazi nhazi na ebe e sere ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ebe ndị a bụ ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke ugbu a ime ihe ike nke ndị ọcha, a na-etinyekwa ọnụ ụzọ ndị a dị ka ụzọ mgbapụ. Terrell na-akọwa iji ebe ndị a dị ka “ụzọ isi sọpụrụ ala a na ndị nna ochie ndị jerela ya.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Terrell|first=Darryl DeAngelo|title=A Way To Get Gone|url=https://www.darryldterrell.com/a-way-to-get-gone#2|work=Darryl D Terrell}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gosiputara onyonyo a n'akụkụ ihe ndekọ ọdịyo, nke nwere otu okwu sitere na ihe nkiri Sun Ra's 1972 'Space is the Place'. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt;Na #Project20s (2017), ha ikike foto ihe ụmụaka 200 ojii ma ọ bụ Latinx dị n'agbata afọ 20 na 30. [1] A na-hazi foto ọ gbala dị ka cyanotype nke nwere oji tii ma ọ bụ onye nwere ike  ihe maka ihe omume mma dabara na egwuregwu ahụ nke Louis Agassiz's Slave Daguerreotypes sitere n'ike ike nsso.  [2] Dị ka ọ dị n'ahụ ha ndị ọzọ, n'ụdị ha na Detroit na egwu hip-hop nwere nwere ike dị ukwuu na ha, na egwu abụọ nwere ikike iche na ọrụ a: anyị ego elele nke Kanye West na Isi nke  isii nke Kendrick Lamar.  Maka ihe osise ndị a, ha ruru obodo, otu na mkpokọta, na akara nke igosi foto ndị a faịlụ anya na mgbasa na obodo ndị na-emetụta gentrification &quot;dị ka ihe nkenke ndị isi ojii na agba aja aja na- iwu n'  nsogbu ha na obodo ha maka uru ego&quot;.

=== Dion ===
Dion bụ Terrell's femme alter ego, onye ha na-eji enyocha ihe a chọrọ na gụnyere. N'ime usoro ihe osise a nke foto nke onwe, vidiyo, arụmọrụ, ederede na ụda, ha na-etinye mmetụta sitere na ihe ịchọ mma obodo ojii iji gosipụta oji ha, queerness na nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hutson|first=Darralynn|date=2023-01-19|title=Photographic Visual Artist Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Announces First Solo Exhibition at Galerie Camille|url=https://www.blac.media/arts-culture/photographic-visual-artist-darryl-deangelo-terrell-announces-first-solo-exhibition-at-galerie-camille/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=BLAC Detroit|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Terrell dị ka Dion na-eleba anya na anya igwefoto n'ihu, n'ụlọ n'ike na ịdị jụụ dị ka onye mara mma nke kwesịrị ka a na-asọpụrụ na ịhụnanya.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Asks to be Loved as Both Soft and Strong {{!}} Editorial|url=https://testudomkt.com/editorial/darryl-deangelo-terrell-interview-baxter-street-camera-club|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Testudo|language=en|archivedate=2024-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528112242/https://testudomkt.com/editorial/darryl-deangelo-terrell-interview-baxter-street-camera-club}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Ihe ngosi nke Terrell chepụtara ===

* N'ụlọ a &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Library Street Collective|url=https://www.artmiledetroit.com/exhibition/library-street-collective/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.artmiledetroit.com|archivedate=2024-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304202421/https://www.artmiledetroit.com/exhibition/library-street-collective/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Igbe nke 24 - 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=12 YOUNG CURATORS WILL TRANSFORM HOTEL ROOMS INTO MICRO-EXHIBITIONS {{!}} Contemporary Lynx - print and online magazine on art &amp; visual culture|url=https://contemporarylynx.co.uk/12-young-curators-will-transform-hotel-rooms-into-micro-exhibitions|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=contemporarylynx.co.uk|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Oh, Onye kere - 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-07|title=Oh, Maker - The Visualist|url=http://thevisualist.org/2018/12/oh-maker/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Visualist - Chicago Visual Arts Calendar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* + - 2017 &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 20, 2020|title=Making Way to Visibility and Inclusion: In Conversation with Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://detroitcultural.com/2020/12/20/2056/|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Cultural|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221184855/https://detroitcultural.com/2020/12/20/2056/|archivedate=2020-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* MOCA. IG (Museum of Contemporary Art of Instagram) - 2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stories|first=Local|date=2018-07-24|title=Check out Darryl DeAngelo Terrell's Artwork - Voyage Chicago {{!}} Chicago City Guide|url=http://voyagechicago.com/interview/check-darryl-deangelo-terrells-artwork/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=voyagechicago.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ngosi Terrell abụrụla akụkụ nke ===

* Ahụ dị ka Onyonyo; Chicago Artists Coalition Gallery; Eprel 27 2018 - Mee 17 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Body as Image|url=https://chicagoartistscoalition.org/events/body-as-image|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Chicago Artists Coalition|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gonzalo Reyes Rodriguez &amp; Darryl DeAngelo Terrell; Mgbọrọgwụ na Omenala; Sep 7 2018 - Ọkt 6 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-07|title=Gonzalo Reyes Rodriguez &amp; Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://www.rootsandculturecac.org/show/gonzalo-reyes-rodriguez-darryl-deangelo-terrell/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Roots &amp; Culture Contemporary Art Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cubed luminous; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Pensacola; Nov 8 2018 - Nov 11 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cubed: Luminous – Pensacola Museum of Art|url=https://pensacolamuseum.org/art/cubed-luminous/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nke a bụ ihe anyị maara; Chicago Artists Coalition Gallery; Nov 30 2018 - Disemba 20 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=This is What We Know|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/This-is-What-We-Know/34FBFC02BB550ECC|work=Mutual Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Online: Elliot Jerome Brown Jr., Nonzuzo Gxekwa &amp; Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Quiver of Voices; Ltd Los Angeles; Eprel 15 2020 - Jun 15 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Quiver of Voices|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/ONLINE--Elliott-Jerome-Brown-Jr---Nonzuz/BBDBC89C4E88A999|work=Mutual Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Anyị na-eyi ihe mkpuchi; Ọgbọ Foto dị elu; Disemba 21 2020 - Eprel 6 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=We Wear the Mask – Higher Pictures|url=https://higherpictures.com/exhibitions/we-wear-the-mask/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hong Hong na Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Kwe ka Ha Na-agagharị n'efu; NXTHVN; Mee 5 2022 - Mee 15 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Let Them Roam Freely – NXTHVN|url=https://www.nxthvn.com/calendar/let-them-roam-freely/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi Salon: Darryl DeAngelo Terrell; Louis Buhl &amp; Ụlọ ọrụ; Mee 14 2022 - Jun 22 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Salon Highlight: Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://www.louisbuhl.com/darryl-deangelo-terrell-upcoming-salon-highlight|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Louis Buhl Gallery / Detroit, MI|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femme dị egwu: Femme Queer Gender Performance na Foto; Hood Museum of Art; Ọkt 12022 - Disemba 17 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-25|title=Femme is Fierce|url=https://hoodmuseum.dartmouth.edu/explore/exhibitions/femme-fierce|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Hood Museum|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Were mgbọrọgwụ na ikuku; Ortega Y Gasset Project; Ma 4 2023 - Eprel 2 2023 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive|url=https://www.oygprojects.com/archive|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Ortega y Gasset Projects|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Ọ dịghị mgbe ị ga-ekweta na ị hụrụ m n'anya; Ụzọ Baxter na CCNY; Septemba 13 2023 - Ọkt 18 2023 &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ ==

* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell na-arịọ ka a hụ ya n'anya dị ka Soft na Strong | Ederede | Testudo &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;/&gt;
* Ịgagharị n'alaeze ọzọ: Hong Hong na Darryl DeAngelo Terrell's Portals &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;/&gt;
* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell bụ onye na-enweghị mgbagha n'enweghị mgbagha na ihe ngosi solo mbụ | Detroit | Oge Detroit Metro &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Green|first=Randiah Camille|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell is unapologetically queer in first solo show|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/arts/darryl-deangelo-terrell-is-unapologetically-queer-in-first-solo-show-32160757|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Detroit Metro Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ dịghị mgbe akaha ikweta na ị hụrụ m n'anya | Baxter St na CCNY &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;/&gt;
* Ọ dị m ka obi dị m ụtọ nke ukwuu @ Wa Na Wari - Tiketi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-30|title=I Wish I Was Perfectly Happy @ Wa Na Wari|url=https://theticket.seattletimes.com/top-picks/i-wish-i-was-perfectly-happy-and-more-art-wa-na-wari/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Ticket|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịmepụta ahụ na Analog: Nyochaa nke &quot;Ahụ Dị ka Foto&quot; na Chicago Artists Coalition | Nkà ọhụrụ obodo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-09|title=Imaging the Body In Analog: A Review of &quot;Body As Image&quot; at the Chicago Artists Coalition {{!}} Newcity Art|url=https://art.newcity.com/2018/05/09/imaging-the-body-in-analog-a-review-of-body-as-image-at-the-chicago-artists-coalition/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kresge Arts na aha Detroit Ndị otu na nka na akwụkwọ - ARTnews.com &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Selvin|first=Claire|date=2019-06-20|title=Kresge Arts in Detroit Names Fellows in Art and Literature|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/kresge-arts-in-detroit-artist-fellows-2019-12825/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Magazin Aesthetica - Portals to the Future &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;
* Ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Chicago na-enye: Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-ese n'elu mmiri: ọdụm maka ụlọ ọ bụla &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-16|title=Floating Museum: A Lion for Every House|url=https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9780/floating-museum-a-lion-for-every-house|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Art Institute of Chicago|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ndị nka akpọrọ aha maka ebe obibi Black Rock nke abụọ nke Kehinde Wiley - ARTnews.com &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Solomon|first=Tessa|date=2021-02-02|title=Kehinde Wiley's Black Rock Residency Brings Rising Stars to Senegal for Second Iteration|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/black-rock-senegal-residency-2021-kehinde-wiley-1234582739/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ndụ nka: Ihe 6 Ndị editọ Galerie hụrụ n'anya n'izu a - Galerie &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-06|title=The Artful Life: 6 Things Galerie Editors Love This Week|url=https://galeriemagazine.com/artful-life-sept-6/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Galerie|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye na-ese foto Detroit na-eji ihe osise onwe onye na-ekpudo nwoke na nwanyị iji chọpụta njirimara ojii na nke queer &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
* Ọrụ ntọala | Ndị nlekọta ọbịa | Darryl DeAngelo Terrell &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://foundwork.art/guest-curators/darryl-deangelo-terrell|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Foundwork|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927135433/https://foundwork.art/guest-curators/darryl-deangelo-terrell|archivedate=2021-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ime ụzọ iji hụ na nsonye: Na mkparịta ụka ya na Darryl DeAngelo Terrell - Detroit Cultural &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;
* Ndị nka na-enweta onyinye 'na-agbanwe ndụ' $25K site na Kresge Arts na Detroit &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hinds|first=Julie|date=June 20, 2019|title=Artists get 'life-changing' $25K grants through Kresge Arts in Detroit|url=https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2019/06/20/detroit-artists-kresge-fellowships-awards-2019/1485658001/|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Free Press|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620232237/https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2019/06/20/detroit-artists-kresge-fellowships-awards-2019/1485658001/|archivedate=2019-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye na-ese ihe onyonyo Darryl DeAngelo Terrell na-ekwupụta ihe ngosi Solo mbụ na Galerie Camille | BLAC Detroit &lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;/&gt;
* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell na Matthew Leifheit | Baxter St na CCNY &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;/&gt;
* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell - Dike Real/Queer Detroit &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-16|title=2019 Fellow Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Showcased in Mighty Real/Queer Detroit Exhibition|url=https://www.documentingdetroit.org/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-mighty-real-queer-detroit-77-years-of-lgbtq|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Facing Change: Documenting Detroit|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212150631/https://www.documentingdetroit.org/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-mighty-real-queer-detroit-77-years-of-lgbtq}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Darryl DeAngelo Terrell - LVL3 &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;/&gt;
* BECOMING DION - Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Art &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MoCADA Radio {{!}} Becoming Dion, an audio-diary|url=https://mocada.org/digital_play/becoming-dion/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Art|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe kpatara onye na-ese foto Detroit a na-ewere foto 200 nke ndị na-eto eto na agba | Detroit | Oge Detroit Metro &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=DeVito|first=Lee|title=Why this Detroit photographer is taking 200 pictures of young people of color|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/arts/why-this-detroit-photographer-is-taking-200-pictures-of-young-people-of-color-25084579|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Detroit Metro Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ahụ dị ka onyogho - Chicago Artists Coalition &lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;/&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Terrell, Darryl DeAngelo}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Charles Ellis Johnson</title>
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      <text bytes="7029" sha1="ko0b16u2hsq0z5iode98c1fx6slnlwv" xml:space="preserve"> [[File:Charles Ellis Johnson ca 1885.jpg|thumb|Charles Ellis Johnson]]

Charles Ellis &quot; Charlie &quot; Johnson (March 21, 1857 - Febụwarị 21, 1926) bụ onye na-ese foto ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke America nke ama maka ọrụ ya na Utah na gburugburu ụwa.  O tolitere na St. George, Utah, wee ngwaọrụ na botany na ihe nkiri.  Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ na Salt Lake City, ọ pụtara ịse foto ma ụlọ ọrụ foto.  Ɔ sere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Salt Lake Theatre, ikpe ụfọdụ ịgba ɔtɔ .  O were foto nke ebe nkiri Utah, na 1903 gara njem site na saịtị Ukwu Ottoman ka o were foto maka 1904 St. Louis World's Fair .  Na 1917 Johnson kwagara San Jose, California, ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ foto foto

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Ndụ mbido ===
 Nna Charles Ellis Johnson bụ Joseph Ellis Johnson ahụmahụ njikọ otu na 1850 wee lụọrọ ya nke atọ, Eliza Saunders, na 1856. Eliza njikwa Charles na Ma ọchịchị 21, 1857, na St. Louis, Missouri, mgbe nke ahụ ihuenyo, ha biri.  n’obere obodo Mormon na Nebraska.  :  278 Charles na Aha ya bụ ndị otu ndọrọ-nsọ ​​nke Jizọs nke Ndị-nsọ sereazụ a (Ụka LDS Ikpe).  : 7 Na 1860 Charles, nne ya, na anɔ n'ime ụmụ nwanne nne ya na- ike nna gara n'ala dị ike ruo Salt Lake City .  N’afọ sochiri ya, Josef na ndị ozi ya abụọ sonyeere ha.  Joseph kwuru na ya &quot;achọghị maka ndụ obodo&quot; wee pụta ala dị nso Payson na Santaquin na Utah Valley wee kwaga ebe ahụ.  :  278 Na 1865 igwe Johnson kwagara St. George.  Charles kwuru otú e si ede na ekeeke akwụkwọ.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na botanist CC Parry ka botanize osisi na nda Utah.  Ọ rụ ọrụ maka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-arịa ọrịa ihe ochie bụ Edward Palmer site n'inye aka gwupụta ozu ndị India na mbakọta ụdị dị iche iche.  Charles kere ka e si asụ ụfọdụ ụfọdụ ndị America ka ọ gwa ndị otu okwu okwu.  O nwere ezinụlọ na ụlọ ihe nkiri n'oge a.  Charles agụghị akwụkwọ.  : 279

Brigham Young nwere ụlọ oyi na St. George, nke dị n'ụdị ụlọ Johnson.  N'ịbụ onye tolitere, Charles matara mpaghara Young.  Otu n'ime ụmụ Brigham, Susa Amelia Young, bụ onye otu egwuregwu ihe nkiri Charles.  Susa mere ndokwa ka Charles kpawa nwanne nne ya, bụ́ Ruth Young.  Charles na Ruth fim na Temple St. George na Jenụarị 28, 1878. Ha anụmanụ ụmụ atọ, ụmụ nwoke abụọ na otu ihe.  : 282 Na 1882 Charles Johnson, nyere ya, na nwa ha kwagara n'obere ụlọ dị n'etiti Salt Lake City.  : 271 Ruth nkwado hapụ Charles, bụ onye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ maka ịgba na 1887. : 9 

=== Ọrụ ===
Na Salt Lake City, Johnson ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ maka ZCMI .  N'afọ 1889, ya na Parley P. Pratt rụkọrọ ọrụ iji ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ Johnson-Pratt Drug Company.  :  271 Johnson mere ma ree ọgwụ patent dị iche iche, ekiri ya &quot;Valley Tan Remedies.&quot;  : 288 Dị ka nwa nwanne ya bụ Maude Fox Fairbanks na-agụ, limerick a na-nna-ama nna, &quot;Snow in the Mountains, Rain in the Hills, Old Man Ned Eating Johnson's Pills,&quot; na-ebuga ike dị egwu site na ịhụbiga  ókè nke mmetụta laxative ya, anise na nhọrọ na-atọ ụtọ.  Ugwu ndị ahụ bụ Wasatch Front dị n'ụdị ụmụaka nke Obodo [Oral Fairbanks Family History].  N'ime 1890s, ọ mara aka na American Star Bicycle craze site n'ịre ha na-enwe osote onye isi oche nke Salt Lake's Social Wheel igwe kwụ otu ebe.  : 5–6 
[[Usòrò:Ella_Wheeler_Wilcox_c_1903.jpg|alt=A woman with bare shoulders rests her chin on her hands.|áká_èkpè|thumb|Otu n'ime stereoviews Johnson's risqué, na-egosi edemede Ella Wheeler Wilcox, c.  1903]]
Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị na foto, Johnson sonyeere Hyrum Sainsbury imeghe ụlọ ihe nkiri foto .  : 284 N'oge na-egosi anya Johnson ozi &quot;onye na-ese foto&quot; nke a na-adịghị nke ndị ihe nkiri Salt Lake City .  : 288 Ọ bụ onye nta ndị Utah maka New York Dramatic Mirror .  : 135 Ɔ mmetụta ịse foto risqué, ikike n'ihi ọrụ ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri burlesque, na-etinyekwa aka nke orientalism .  : 136–8 Ɔ se foto ndị na-echeta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ịgbagbu nka, na stereoviews risqué.  Ọ bụ naanị ya bụ onye na-ese foto Mormon n'oge ya na-ere foto risqué.  : 132 

N'afọ ndị 1890, Johnson ahụhụ onye na-ese foto na-akwadoghị maka ọtụka LDS.  Ọ sere foto nraranye nke Temple Salt Lake na ndị isi ọkirika LDS.  Ya na Mormon Tabernacle Choir mere njem gaa na Chicago World's Fair na 1893, wee gaa San Francisco na 1896. : 132 Johnson kpọsara ụlọ ọrụ ya dị ka &quot;Ụdị Ọrụ Ozi [maka] ihe niile gbasara Utah na Mormons.&quot;  :  261  (site n'ịkwado nke ịbụ onye Nwanyị ma mechaa kewapụ onwe ya na ọrịka LDS.  : 133, 145 Mgbe Johnson see ọtụtụ oge ya na Utah, ọ gakwara ọtụtụ njem, na-ese foto na New York, Paris na London .  Akpaokwu mkpuchilaahịa ya bụ &quot;Ị na-ahụ Johnson n'ụwa niile.&quot;  : 3 
[[Usòrò:Madame_Mountford_holding_stereo_camera.jpg|alt=A woman holding a camera stands in the center. A man stands on one side of her and a man on his knees is on her other side.|thumb| Lydia Mountford ''(n'etiti)'' guzo n'okporo ámá nke Palestine n'oge njem Johnson 1903.]]
Na 1897 Johnson sere foto wee mee enyi onye omee Lydia Mary Olive Von Finkelstein Mamreov Mountford na Salt Lake Theatre.  Mountford la iche na Utah na 1903 wee were Johnson dị ka onye na-ese foto maka ihe ngosi Jerusalem ya na St. Louis World's Fair.  Ha si na Palestine na Jerusalem na tọrọ Ukwu Ottoman na-ese foto nke ebe ahụ.  Na World Fair na 1904, Johnson na Mountford njikere na njikwa ihe ngosi ahụ jụrụ Mountford.  Johnson na-akpa na obere ihe ịga nke n'ịre akara foto ya na St. Louis.  :  289–308 

Mgbe o si na njem ya lọta, Johnson na-ahụ &quot;mme enyi na-adịghị mma&quot; na echere ọchụnta ego Minnie B. Ridley ma were ya were nyere ya aka na azụmahịa ya na Salt Lake City.  : 143 Ridley nwụrụ na ike site na ọrịa Bright na 1914, ka ọ rụsịrị ọrụ maka Johnson afọ 12. [1] N'afọ 1917, ọ na-ahụ ihe ya ma kwa San Jose, California, ka ya na ihe àmà Ridley biri, ebe  ọ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ foto ọzọ.  Ọ nwụrụ site na njide obi na February 21, 1926, ma lie ya na Oak Hill Memorial Park .  : 308-11 

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Media related to Charles Ellis Johnson at Wikimedia Commons
* Charles Ellis Johnson at Find a Grave
* [https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=906126 Short autobiography of Charles Ellis Johnson], [https://web.archive.org/web/20240527043613/https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_setname_s=uum_jejp Joseph Ellis Johnson Papers], J. Willard Marriott Digital Library</text>
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{{Infobox person|name=Steffani Jemison|image=Steffani Jemison debrand.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1981}}|birth_place=Berkeley, California, U.S.|death_date=|death_place=|education=[[Columbia University]] (BA)&lt;br&gt;[[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]] (MFA)|occupation=Artist, educator|movement=|works=|awards=[[Alpert Awards in the Arts|Herb Alpert Award]] (2021)&lt;br&gt;[[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (2020) &lt;br&gt; [[Creative Capital | Creative Capital Award]] (2020) &lt;br&gt; [[Harvard Radcliffe Institute|Radcliffe Fellowship]] (2016)|website={{URL|http://www.steffanijemison.com/}}}}

'''Steffani Jemison''' ( banyere 1981) bụ onye omenkà [[Amerikas|America]], edemede na onye nkuzi.  [1] [2] Vidio ya na ọtụtụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-egosi dị n'etiti ụdị ojii, omenala dị mma, na omume obodo na ọgbara ọhụrụ na nka echiche.  E ọrụ ya na Museum of Modern Art, Brooklyn Museum, Guggenheim Museum, Whitney Museum, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, na ebe ndị ọzọ US na mba ụwa.  [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Ọ na-egosi na Brooklyn, [[New York City|New York]] na-ele anya Greene Naftali, New York na Annet Gelink, Amsterdam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wilcox|first=Jess|date=2015-06-24|title=Promise Machine: At MoMA, Steffani Jemison Explores Blackness and Utopian Thought|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/interviews/promise-machine-at-moma-steffani-jemison-explores-blackness-and-utopian-thought-56436/|accessdate=2023-08-08|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ARTnews in Brief: Greene Naftali Now Represents Steffani Jemison—and More from September 17, 2021|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/breaking-art-industry-news-september-2021-week-2-1234603820/|work=ARTnews}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison|url=https://www.annetgelink.com/exhibitions/318-steffani-jemison/overview/|work=Annet Gelink}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Akwụkwọ Jemison na 1981 na Berkeley, California, [1] wee tolite na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]].  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ gara akpa akwụkwọ na Carnegie Museum of Art .  Klas ọkacha ya bụ nke a gwara ya ka o dee gbasara gbasara otu n'ime ọrụ ndị dị na mkpokọta &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=How a Childhood at the Museum Influenced One Artist's Future|language=en-us|work=Carnegie Museum of Art: Storyboard|url=http://blog.cmoa.org/2017/01/how-a-childhood-at-the-museum-influenced-one-artists-future/|accessdate=2017-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwere akara BA na akwụkwọ ntụnyere sitere na Mahadum Columbia (2003);  na nzere MFA sitere na oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago (2009) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lax|first=Thomas J.|year=2013|title=Steffani Jemison.|journal=Art in America|volume=101|issue=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=AitN: March 11, 2019|url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/latest/alumni-news/aitn-march-11-2019|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=December 21, 2020|work=Columbia College Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ nkuzi ==
Jemison bụ osote prọfesọ na mgbasa ozi na ngalaba nka na imewe na Mason Gross School of Arts na Mahadum Rutgers .  [1] Ọ mbụ na Parsons School of Design na Art Institute of [[Chicago]]  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.poetryproject.org/people/steffani-jemison/|title=Steffani Jemison - The Poetry Project|work=The Poetry Project|accessdate=2017-03-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/steffani-jemison|title=Steffani Jemison|date=2017-04-10|work=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|accessdate=2018-05-21|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Na-arụ ọrụ ==
Isi ọrụ Prime (2016), Machine Promise (2015), [1] [2] Projections (2014), Stroke (2013) Ị Mezue M (2013), Personal (2014), Escaped Lunatic (2010-2011), Maniac  Chase (2008–2009), na otu oge .  Vidiyo Jemison 2014 nke onwe na ihe ngosi 2014 &quot;Crossing Brooklyn: Art from Bushwick, Bed-Stuy, and Beyond&quot; na Brooklyn Museum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ideology-and-art-from-the-heart-of-brooklyn-1415408688|title=Ideology and Art From the Heart of Brooklyn|author=Plagens|first=Peter|date=2014-11-08|work=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=2017-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison: Prime, March 4—April 3, 2016|url=http://nurtureart.org/program/steffani-jemison-prime/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213010337/http://nurtureart.org/program/steffani-jemison-prime/|archivedate=2017-12-13|accessdate=2017-03-11|work=Nurture Art|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Igwe nkwa ngalaba otu na-esite.  Ndị agha hiwere otu &quot;Utopia Club,&quot; dabere na Utopia Neighborhood Club, ndị na-eke ihe, ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị edemede, na ndị otu akwụkwọ.  Jemison mmetụta egwu egwu ederede ewepụtara na otu ihe.  [1] Ahụmahụ mbụ nke ụka na-ahụ nwere ikike nsso ya n'otu akụkụ.  Igwe ekwe nkwa na-anwa egwu yiri nke ahụ na oghere ụwa.  [2] Onye isi na-atụ aka na ederede sitere na oge ọmụmụ ihe mere eme na omenala iji mee dị n'etiti ihe na igbochi.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;Ị na-emecha m bụ nrụnye ọrụ nke na-agụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na mgbe ifo obodo mgbe ihe nkiri 1927 The Scar of Shame na-egwu, na-etinye oge ihe mere eme na ebubo ụka na ndị dị ugbu a.

Ihe nkiri Jemison ''Manic Chase'' na ''Escaped Lunatic'' sitere na ihe nkiri mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Interview with artist Steffani Jemison|url=http://risdmuseum.org/manual/333_interview_with_artist_steffani_jemison|accessdate=2017-03-11|work=RISD Museum|archivedate=2018-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228101502/https://risdmuseum.org/manual/333_interview_with_artist_steffani_jemison}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-elekwasị anya na mmegharị nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri; ọ na-enwe mmasị karịsịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mmegharị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Tinyere Heather Hart na [[Jina Valentine]], ọ masị &quot;Ndị Intuitionists,&quot; mmemme pụtara nke ndị na-ese ihe echiche echiche sitere na paragraf na akwụkwọ Colson Whitehead, The Intuitionist .  Nrụnye a bụ nke mmemme ikiri na Center Drawing. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/arts/design/the-intuitionists-and-small.html|title='The Intuitionists' and 'Small'|author=Johnson|first=Ken|date=2014-07-31|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye na Hillman Photography Initiative na Carnegie Museum of Art, Jemison ịhụnanya aka na Liz Deschenes, Laura Wexler, na Dan Leers iji iji ikpo okwu na-egosi dị n'etiti foto na Pittsburgh .  Ọrụ ha kwusiri ike na ọnọdụ anụ ahụ na-eme ka ịse foto nwee ike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

=== ''Atụmatụ na Mmemme Ọdịnihu'' (2010-2011) ===
Ọrụ Jemison's 2010–2011 Atụmatụ Ọdịnihu na malite wee bipụta ọrụ agụmagụ site n'aka ndị nka nwere agba.  [1] Ọ gara n'ihu inwe mkpaka nka n'ịgụ ihe ka ọ na-achọ ime ka akwụkwọ nwee obodo buru ibu.  [2] O bipụtala ọrụ Martine Syms, Jibade-Khalil Huffman, [[Harold Mendez]], na Jina Valentine, n'etiti ndị ọzọ

== Ihe ngosi Solo ==

* ''Ọgwụgwụ gafere Ọgwụgwụ'', [[JOAN]], Los Angeles, 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison, End Over End|url=https://joanlosangeles.org/steffani-jemison-end-over-end/|work=JOAN|accessdate=2024-06-01|archivedate=2025-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120120100/https://joanlosangeles.org/steffani-jemison-end-over-end/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Steffani Jemison'', [[Annet Gelink]], Amsterdam, 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison|url=https://www.annetgelink.com/exhibitions/318-steffani-jemison/overview/|work=Annet Gelink}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Broken Fall'', Greene Naftali, New York, 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison: Broken Fall|url=https://www.greenenaftaligallery.com/exhibitions/steffani-jemison-2021|work=Greene Naftali Gallery}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ngwụsị gafere'', Ebe nka nka nke oge a, Cicinnati, 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison, End over End|url=https://www.contemporaryartscenter.org/experience/exhibitions/2021/03/steffani-jemison-end-over-end|work=Contemporary Arts Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Steffani Jemison: Sensus Plenior'', Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York, 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison: Sensus Plenior|url=https://everson.org/explore/past-exhibitions/steffani-jemison-sensus-plenior/|work=Everson Museum of Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Steffani Jemison'', [[Kai Matsumiya]], New York, 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison|url=http://kaimatsumiya.com/steffani-jemison-solo-exhibition|work=Kai Matsumiya}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Steffani Jemison: Vidiyo ọhụrụ'', Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison: New Videos|url=https://www.stedelijk.nl/en/exhibitions/steffani-jemison|work=Stedelijk Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Decoders – Ndị na-edekọ ihe'', De Appel, Amsterdam, 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Decoders – Recorders|url=https://www.artsy.net/show/looiersgracht-60-decoders-recorders-a-dual-solo-with-steffani-jemison-and-samson-young|work=De Appel}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Sensus Plenior'', nke Osei Bonsu kwadoro, [[:fr:Jeu de paume (centre d'art)|Jeu de Paume]], Paris; CAPC Bordeaux, 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison. Sensus Plenior|url=https://jeudepaume.org/en/evenement/steffani-jemison-sensus-plenior-2/|work=Jeu de Paume}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Agbanarị Lunatic'', MoMA, New York, 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison's Escaped Lunatic|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1671|work=Museum of Modern Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Steffani Jemison: Maniac Chase, Escaped Lunatic, and Personal'', RISD Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison: Maniac Chase, Escaped Lunatic, and Personal|url=https://risdmuseum.org/exhibitions-events/exhibitions/steffani-jemison|work=RISD Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Otu oge'', nke Amanda Hunt chepụtara, [[LAXART]], Los Angeles, 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison: Same Time|url=http://archive.laxart.org/exhibitions/view/steffani-jemison-same-time/#images|work=LAXART|accessdate=2024-06-01|archivedate=2023-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810235001/http://archive.laxart.org/exhibitions/view/steffani-jemison-same-time/#images}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka dị ka Hub: Nzọ Alfa agafebeghị'', New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Museum as Hub: Steffani Jemison and Jamal Cyrus: Alpha's Bet Is Not Over Yet!|url=https://archive.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/1393|work=New Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu ==
Ebe ọrụ Jemison na-enye Herb Alpert na Arts, [1] a Guggenheim Fellowship, [2] a Creative Capital Award, [3] a Radcliffe Fellowship, [4] New York Foundation for Arts Fellowship, [5] otu Tiffany Foundation  Fellowship, [6] Anonymous was a Woman Award, [7] na ọtụtụ nri na onyogho ndị ọzọ.  Ebe obibi ndị ikwu Studio Museum na Harlem AIR, [8] Sharpe-Walentas Studio Program, [9] [[Ụlọ Project Row|Project Row Houses]], [10] Museum of Fine Arts Houston CORE Programme, [11] International Studio and Curatorial Programme, [12]  11] [13] na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steffani Jemison|url=https://skowhegan.tumblr.com/tagged/steffani%20jemison|work=Skowhegan School of Painting &amp; Sculpture|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [https://www.moma.org/calendar/performance/1496 ''Promise Machine''] exhibition at MoMA
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    <title>David Nelson (onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na Utah)</title>
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'''David Keith Nelson''' bu Onye amụrụ n' onwa Epril  na ubochi asaa, na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri isii na abuo bụ onye Amerika na-eme ihe maka ichebe ikike nhata maka ndị inyom, nwoke na nwoke, nwoke na nwanyị na ndị na alu Onwe ha (LGBT). O guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù na-enweghị uru metụtara LGBT na [[Yútạh|Utah]] ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya na Democratic Party gbara ọtụtụ ndị LGBT Utah ume ka ha bụrụ ndị isi otu. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye omeiwu na onye isi na-akwado iwu rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu, na iwu obodo LGBT na iwu ndị ọzọ.

== Nke Onye ==
A mụrụ Nelson na Salt Lake City dị ka onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Cannon. Ọ gụrụ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Utah site na afo otu puku na nari itoolu na iri asato na abuo ruo  na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano . Ọ lara ezumike nká na afo puku abuo na otu site na ọrụ ọkachamara ya na ahịa na mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ma biri na Brigham City, Utah. Ọ na-ebi na nkwarụ, a chọpụtakwara ya na afo puku abuo na iri na ise na o newer Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mgbe e guzobere nchọpụta ya, o raara ikike ya nye nkwado LGBT autism, ma nyere aka mepụta nzukọ LGBTQ-Autism Utah na afo puku abuo na iri na asato na Utah Pride Center, Utah Pride Festival na Mahadum Utah Health Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinic.&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTQ Autists will have a place at Pride(2019-05-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=QSaltLake Magazine|page=OL|publisher=QSaltLake|date=2019-05-24|url=https://www.qsaltlake.com/news/2019/05/24/lgbtq-autists-will-have-a-place-at-pride/|accessdate=2019-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tradewinds (2000-05-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tradewinds|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-5|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-05-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100EE05D6B8B3531&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Index to Politicians (2004)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Index to Politicians|work=The Political Graveyard|publisher=Lawrence &quot;Larry&quot; Kestenbaum|year=2004|url=http://www.politicalgraveyard.com/bio/nelson.html#0bm0j0y8v|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun control pros and cons charge up 'Freedom Forum' (2004-09-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=May|first=Heather|title=Gun control pros and cons charge up 'Freedom Forum'|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-5|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2004-09-30|url=http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_2418138|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cannon family of Utah (2005-03-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cannon family of Utah|work=The Political Graveyard|publisher=Lawrence &quot;Larry&quot; Kestenbaum|date=2005-03-10|url=http://www.politicalgraveyard.com/families/10239.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=November 3, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103100217/http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10239.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Some in S.L. worry about use of funds (2005-09-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Snyder|first=Brady|title=Some in S.L. worry about use of funds|work=Deseret News|page=A-4|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2005-09-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10C7D32F00EBDED0&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Charitable surge may help Utah (2005-09-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Stewart|first=Kirsten|title=Charitable surge may help Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2005-09-12|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3021335&amp;itype=ngpsid|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBT Dems: 25 years in Utah (2014-12-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=LGBT Dems: 25 years in Utah|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2014-12-18|url=http://www.gaysaltlake.com/news/2014/12/18/lgbt-dems-25-years-utah|accessdate=2015-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah Pride Center, UofU autism clinic partner to discuss the links between LGBTs and ASD (2018-12-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-12-06|title=Utah Pride Center, UofU autism clinic partner to discuss the links between LGBTs and ASD|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1812ae/10?ff|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=17|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2018-12-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah LGBT and autism groups connect (2018-12-20)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dobner|first=Jennifer|date=2018-12-20|title=Utah LGBT and autism groups connect|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1901e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=9|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTQ-Autism will be part of the Utah Pride Festival for first time. Author will speak. (2019-05-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-05-24|title=LGBTQ-Autism will be part of the Utah Pride Festival for first time. Author will speak.|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1901e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=13|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2019-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ maliteghachiri ịkekọrịta aha ya nke Islamic [[Sayyid]] na afo puku abuo na iri abuo mgbe afọ iri abuo  na ise gasịrị na òtù LGBT / MENA, ihe omume na ndị ọzọ, na inye ha ndụmọdụ site n'ịmepụta otu nkwado. Ìgwè ndị dị otú ahụ arụwo ọrụ na mpaghara MENA na ihe omume LGBT na òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTQ and MENA build new communities (2021-03-16)&quot;&gt;
{{Cite news|date=2021-03-16|title=LGBTQ and MENA build new communities|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl2104e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=14|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2021-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Nelson anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kemgbe afọ otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'afọ ndị otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na Utah, ọrụ ya gụnyere inyere aka iduzi òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[California]] na District of Columbia.&lt;ref name=&quot;News briefs: PAC leader (1997-01-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=News briefs: PAC leader|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1997-01-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F8174B52F5428&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ya gosipụtara echiche nke Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Jeffersonian gụnyere ndị maka American republicanism, Ọrụ obodo na nha nhata nke Ohere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị LGBT na nke abụọ gosipụtara echiche maka gọọmentị a kpaara ókè nke a machibidoro imebi ikike okike nke ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ikike nke steeti.

Ọrụ ya dọtara uche ndị isi gọọmentị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndị nta akụkọ akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay advocates seeking civil rights memorabilia (2013-02-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Ray|title=Gay advocates seeking civil rights memorabilia|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=MediaNews Group|date=2013-02-24|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/55883507-78/gay-utah-stonewall-lesbian.html.csp|accessdate=2013-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  
Dị ka onye ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Nelson guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị akụkụ na Utah ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado Iwu ọha na eze rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu LGBT na iwu obodo, iwu, iwu na iwu, yana ịjụ iwu ndị ọzọ.

==== Nhazi ====
Nelson guzobere Military Law Task Force nke Salt Lake City na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo, ma jee ozi dị ka onye ọka iwu nchịkwa site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo  ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na afo maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ndị agha ochie. &lt;ref name=&quot;Editorial: Draft resister refuses to come in from the cold (1982-10-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Editorial: Draft resister refuses to come in from the cold|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=6|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1982-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Students may receive draft info (1982-10-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adelman|first=Matt|title=Students may receive draft info|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=3|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1982-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Military Law Task Force to help female veterans (1982-11-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Military Law Task Force to help female veterans|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-11|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1982-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;U copes with federal regulations (1983-02-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Steve|title=U copes with federal regulations|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1983-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Draft law draws chaos, claim aid officials, prof (1983-03-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Steve|title=Draft law draws chaos, claim aid officials, prof|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1983-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O jere ozi site na  afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na afo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Lesbian and Gay Student Union na Mahadum Utah. O jere ozi na afo puku abuo na abuo  dị ka onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke Mahadum Utah Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Resource Center na dịka onye isi oche nke kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Up Front: Newsletter (1984-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Staff|work=Up Front: Newsletter|page=5|publisher=University of Utah Lesbian and Gay Student Union|date=January 1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka chọta Gay Community Inc. na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise, ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Community Reporter. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Triangle Magazine, na afo puku abuo na ano dị ka onye nchịkọta egwuregwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Salt Lake Metro'' na afo puku abuo na isii dị ka onye edemede nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''QSaltLake''.&lt;ref name=&quot;A GCI response: The other side of the story (1985-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aaron|first=Michael|title=A GCI response: The other side of the story|work=Community Reporter|page=3|publisher=Gay Community Inc.|date=June 1985}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;History of gay press in Utah (2005-04-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=History of gay press in Utah|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The gay vote (1986-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=The gay vote|work=Triangle Magazine|page=7|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=March 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambda lore: This week in lambda history (2005-11-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Lambda lore: This week in lambda history|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2005-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sports (2004-10-28)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=Sports|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2004-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The permanent record (2006-11-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=The permanent record|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara The Times of Harvey Milk gay filmmaker Rob Epstein na Before Stonewall lesbian filmmaker Greta Schiller ajụjụ ọnụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise na Sundance Film Festival..KRCL Redio gbasaa ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Community Reporter bipụtara akụkụ ya. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ teknụzụ maka Sundance Institute site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ato  ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise na maka emume ahụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay film nominated for Academy Award (1985-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay film nominated for Academy Award|work=Community Reporter|page=1|publisher=Gay Community Inc.|date=February 1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Unfortunate screening plagues Park City film festival premiere (1986-01-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Orme|first=Terry|title=Unfortunate screening plagues Park City film festival premiere|work=Community Reporter|page=1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Power (1986)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Power (1986)|work=IMDb.com|publisher=IMDb.com Inc.|year=1990–2012|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091786/trivia?tab=tr&amp;item=tr0573330|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Party in a box: The story of the Sundance Film Festival (1999-09-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Lory|title=Party in a box: The story of the Sundance Film Festival|publisher=Gibbs Smith Publishers|date=1999-09-01|location=Salt Lake City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTUbAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-0-87905-861-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka chọta Kansụl Obodo Gay na Lesbian nke Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii. &lt;ref name=&quot;Memoirs of a Utah Gay Activist 1986 (2006-12-23)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=December 1986|work=Memoirs of a Utah Gay Activist 1986|publisher=Ben Williams|date=2006-12-23|url=http://gayflower.blogspot.com/2006/12/december-1986.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii  ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato dị ka onye mmekọ Utah nke Fairness Fund nke dị na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]. Òtù a nwetara na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato site na Human Rights Campaign Fund Inc. (HRCF) nke dị na Washington dị ka ngalaba ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato na site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na itolu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu dị ka onye nduzi HRCF Utah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guide to the Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005 (2007-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guide to the Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005|work=Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005|publisher=Cornell University|date=February 2007|url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM07712.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ haziri LGBT Utahns site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa na site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa iji gaa emume ncheta Utah Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust na Utah Capitol rotunda. O mepụtara ma nyere aka kesaa akwụkwọ mpịakọta na ihe ngosi triangle pink na triangle ojii maka ndị na-echeta ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD plans attendance at state Holocaust memorial (1994-03-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=GLUD plans attendance at state Holocaust memorial|work=Queer Resources Directory|publisher=Ron Buckmire|date=1994-03-14|url=http://www.qrd.org/qrd/usa/utah/GLUD/1994/plans.to.attend.holocaust.memorial-03.14.94|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na asato na itolu dị ka onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke San Jose, California Bay Area Municipal Elections Committee.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa dị ka onye ọbịa na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha na kọleji, obodo na òtù LGBT na Utah gụnyere Mahadum Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics, Mahadum Weber State na YWCA nke Salt Lake City.&lt;ref name=&quot;YWCA begins Week Without Violence (1998-10-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=YWCA begins Week Without Violence|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1998-10-18|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/658114/ywca-begins-week-without-violence.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vigh|first=Michael|title=Punishment should fit hate crime|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F3E5455C9C5E6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Corrections &amp; clarifications (1998-10-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Corrections &amp; clarifications|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F2B92D0774B10&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate (1991-11-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sisco|first=Carol|title=Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-22|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-11-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10117A44841C5F1D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clinton support falls in gay community (1993-10-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Myers|first=Melinda|title=Clinton support falls in gay community|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1993-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD directors to speak at WSU (1994-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD directors to speak at WSU|work=The Pillar|page=11|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=February 1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Forums (1994-09-23)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Frampton|first=Amy|title=Forums|work=Politics at the Hinckley Institute|page=10|publisher=Hinckley Institute of Politics|date=1994-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Skinheads crash meeting of gays, lesbians (1994-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gilmore|first=Rich|title=Skinheads crash meeting of gays, lesbians|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=D-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Neo-Nazis shout insults at gay rally in Cedar City (1994-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Neo-Nazis shout insults at gay rally in Cedar City|work=Deseret News|page=A-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-10-24|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/383294/neo-nazis-shout-insults-at-gay-rally-in-cedar-city.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U. (1999-02-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parkinson|first=Jacob|title=Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U.|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1999-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says (1999-02-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1999-02-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F364DBEE678E98B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Citizens: Community calendar (1997-04-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Citizens: Community calendar|work=Deseret News|page=2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1997-04-30|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xvRHAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3090%2C8326267|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ haziri lobbying nke ndị otu US congressional delegation si Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato site na ndị na-akwado ha na March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett gives qualified endorsement to gay rights (1993-04-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gudmundsen|first=Lance S.|title=Bennett gives qualified endorsement to gay rights|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-04-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=101125FE86528C23&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka ịhazi ngagharị iwe nke, ma bipụta mkpesa na Utah Judicial Conduct Commission megide, Utah 3rd District Court Judge David S. Young na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano maka ibelata ikpe nke David Nelson Thacker onye a mara ikpe igbu nwoke na nwoke Salt Lake City business Douglas Koehler. O nyere aka ịhazi mkpọsa &quot;Mba na Young&quot; na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nhọpụta nke Young onye meriri ntuli aka na afo puku abuo na abuo - onye ọka ikpe mbụ meriri ntuziaka na steeti ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Victim's family, gays say killer got off too easy (1994-08-16)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hunt|first=Stephen|title=Victim's family, gays say killer got off too easy|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-08-16|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10118B15543D74AF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah's gay community protests killer's sentence (1994-08-16)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah's gay community protests killer's sentence|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Complaint filed against judge who reduced killer's sentence (1994-08-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Complaint filed against judge who reduced killer's sentence|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Probes of judges' conduct appear to go nowhere, Utah women say (1995-06-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Sheila R.|title=Probes of judges' conduct appear to go nowhere, Utah women say|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD launches 'No on Young' campaign (1996-02-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD launches 'No on Young' campaign|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Has judicial watchdog grown teeth? (1996-03-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Sheila R.|title=Has judicial watchdog grown teeth?|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-03-03|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD7DEDF461DFC&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge's removal causes stir (2002-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Neff|first=Elizabeth|title=Judge's removal causes stir|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2002-11-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=102ACFB0A4C3408E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa dị ka onye otu ndị nduzi nke Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund Inc. nke dị na Washington nakwa dị ka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;News briefs: PAC leader (1997-01-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=News briefs: PAC leader|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1997-01-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F8174B52F5428&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;David Nelson named to PAC Public Relations Committee (1997-05-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=David Nelson named to PAC Public Relations Committee|work=The Pillar|page=10|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1997-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka hazie ozi ncheta na nche ọkụ kandụl na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato na Utah mgbe e gbasịrị nwa akwụkwọ nwoke na-eme enyi nwoke na Mahadum Wyoming Matthew Shepard.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ACLU of Utah lashes out at press conference (1998-11-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ACLU of Utah lashes out at press conference|work=The Pillar|page=5|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1998-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka mepụta na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato usoro iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka iwepu Iwu sodomy nke steeti na American Civil Liberties Union of Utah . &lt;ref name=&quot;It's been a long time coming (1998-12-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Freiberg|first=Peter|title=It's been a long time coming|work=The Washington Blade|date=1998-12-18|url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/usa/utah/utnews07.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere GayVoteUtah.com na afo puku abuo na otu iji nye Ndebanye aha ndị na-eme ntụli aka n'ịntanetị nke LGBT Utahns. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Vote Utah's goal is political clout (2001-11-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Greg|title=Gay Vote Utah's goal is political clout|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LCC|date=2001-11-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E8B6361C920CC&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Campaign seeks to register gay and lesbian Utah voters (2001-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Campaign seeks to register gay and lesbian Utah voters|work=Standard-Examiner|publisher=Sandusky Newspapers Inc.|date=2001-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere Stonewall Shooting Sports nke Utah na afo puku abuo na abuo nke ghọrọ otu n'ime nnukwu òtù égbè LGBT na United States - otu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gays ready for trouble (2003-01-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eddington|first=Mark|title=Utah gays ready for trouble|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2003-01-21|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100D419791707DF6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Advocates: Guns are good (2003-11-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Coleman|first=Colleen|title=Advocates: Guns are good|work=The Signpost|publisher=Weber State University Student Association|date=2003-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gays with guns (2006-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=JoSelle|title=Gays with guns|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-10-01|url=http://www.stonewallshootingsportsutah.org/qsaltlake.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Come out, be gay and play (2008-06-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Come out, be gay and play|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2008-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5] [4] [5] [6]  [5] [6] [5]&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction (2011-01-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-01-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun advocates advise arming against violence (2011-09-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gun advocates advise arming against violence|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes (2011-09-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric|title=Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2011-09-15|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/blog-25-6308-gun-groups-call-on-utahns-to-arm-themselves-against-hate-crimes.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere Utah Stonewall Hall of Fame na afo puku abuo na isii na ihe karịrị LGBT Utahns nari isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay hall of fame inducts 100s (2006-07-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay hall of fame inducts 100s|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ọchịchị ====
Nelson mere mkpọsa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta iji bụrụ onye otu Salt Lake City Council - mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ n'obodo ahụ. O weputara nke atọ n'ime ndi mmadu anọ na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala mgbe mkpọsa ya nwetara vootu nari ato na iri abuo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Avenues man enters race for Council seat (1985-08-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Avenues man enters race for Council seat|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Races are set for this fall's primary election (1985-08-28)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Douglas|title=Races are set for this fall's primary election|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-08-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Lively election season is looming in S.L. (1985-08-28)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Walker|first=Donn|title=Lively election season is looming in S.L.|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-08-28|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GfYoAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1524,6162127|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay-rights activist seeks post (1985-08-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay-rights activist seeks post|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-08-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;18 are candidates for 5 vacancies on S.L. Council (1985-10-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gates|first=Chuck|title=18 are candidates for 5 vacancies on S.L. Council|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-10-05|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dUxTAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4894%2C1581339|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5] [4] [5] [6] &lt;ref name=&quot;4 Council districts to pare candidates (1985-10-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=4 Council districts to pare candidates|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Here's tally of S.L. mayor, council vote (1985-10-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Here's tally of S.L. mayor, council vote|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Queer Utah history: Ten most significant events for queer Utah in the 20th Century (2005-06-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Queer Utah history: Ten most significant events for queer Utah in the 20th Century|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambda lore: This week in lambda history (2005-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Lambda lore: This week in lambda history|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2005-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise dị ka onye na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke otu gọọmentị etiti Social Services Block Grant allocation panel maka Salt Lake County Human Services Advisory Council . &lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson appointed to Salt Lake County panel (1994-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson appointed to Salt Lake County panel|work=The Pillar|page=14|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=1994-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ natara nhọpụta site n'aka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ụmụ amaala iri na otu a họpụtara na Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ onye otu na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke Salt Lake Organizing Committee maka Olympic na Paralympic Winter Games nke afọ puku abuo na abuo.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa ruo afo puku abuo na otu dị ka onye na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke Hate Crimes Working Group maka U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Attorney for the District of Utah, ma nyere aka mepụta nzukọ &quot;Changing Face of Hate: A National Symposium&quot; na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu nke U.S Attorney maka District of Utah kwadoro, [[Los Angeles]] Simon Wiesenthal Center, Weber State University na Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System.&lt;ref name=&quot;YWCA begins Week Without Violence (1998-10-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=YWCA begins Week Without Violence|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1998-10-18|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/658114/ywca-begins-week-without-violence.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vigh|first=Michael|title=Punishment should fit hate crime|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F3E5455C9C5E6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Corrections &amp; clarifications (1998-10-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Corrections &amp; clarifications|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F2B92D0774B10&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Conference looks at hate crimes (1999-06-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Conference looks at hate crimes|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1999-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;U.S. Attorney publishes hate crime report (2000-02-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=U.S. Attorney publishes hate crime report|work=The Pillar|page=8|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=2000-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Racial and Ethnic Fairness: Report on the State of the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System (2000-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Zimmerman|first=Michael D.|title=Racial and Ethnic Fairness: Report on the State of the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System|publisher=Utah Judicial Council|series=Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System|date=September 2000|location=Salt Lake City|pages=35–36|url=https://www.utcourts.gov/specproj/retaskforce/reportfinal.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nelson gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka iwepụ iwu ''Salt Lake Tribune'' nke machibidoro mbipụta nke Mgbasa ozi onwe onye [[Nwoke idina nwoke|nwoke na nwanyị]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Media beat: Nothing personal (1993-09-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Media beat: Nothing personal|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1993-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Iwu ====
Nelson dere ma gbaa mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa maka ịnakwere iwu Salt Lake City Council nke ga-eme ka kọmitii na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ n'obodo ma machibido ịkpa ókè gụnyere nke dabeere na mmasị mmekọahụ - atụmatụ mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Minutes of the regular/briefing session (1986-07-08)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the regular/briefing session|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-07-08|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/formalminutes_1982-2010/default.htm#!WordDocuments/july81986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Human rights bill proposed to SLC Council (1986-08)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Human rights bill proposed to SLC Council|work=Triangle Magazine|page=6|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=August 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Council delays human rights bill discussion (1986-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Council delays human rights bill discussion|work=Triangle Magazine|page=13|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=September 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Agenda of the Committee of the Whole (1986-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Agenda of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-11-06|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_agendas_1985-2010/default.htm?turl=worddocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118102501/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_agendas_1985-2010/default.htm?turl=worddocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minutes of the Committee of the Whole (1986-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-11-06|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/#!worddocuments/november61986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130202160810/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/%23!worddocuments/november61986.htm#!worddocuments/november61986.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Three advise city Council to create S.L. Commission on human rights (1986-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Walters|first=Conrad|title=Three advise city Council to create S.L. Commission on human rights|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ACLU official sees need for S.L. rights panel (1986-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fagg|first=Ellen|title=ACLU official sees need for S.L. rights panel|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1986-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Activist says city refuses to create council to address discrimination (1987-09-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Walters|first=Conrad|title=Activist says city refuses to create council to address discrimination|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1987-09-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa maka ịnakwere iwu nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Salt Lake City nke chọrọ ọzụzụ LGBT maka ndị isi ngalaba - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays discuss police harassment in city-sponsored management audit hearing (1986-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays discuss police harassment in city-sponsored management audit hearing|work=Triangle Magazine|page=8|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=September 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minutes of the Committee of the Whole (1987-01-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1987-01-22|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/#!worddocuments/january221987.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130202160810/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/%23!worddocuments/november61986.htm#!worddocuments/january221987.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu megide ndụmọdụ nke Utah State Office of Education na ndị na-egosi The World of Anne Frank na-edezi ozi agụmakwụkwọ banyere ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha na Holocaust. O mepụtara ma nyere aka kesaa akwụkwọ mpịakọta na imepụtaghachi baajị triangle-ogige ntụrụndụ na-acha pinki pinki maka ndị na-egosi ihe ngosi Mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Data on gays restored to Holocaust project (1990-03-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Poore|first=Ann|title=Data on gays restored to Holocaust project|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1990-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coalition lashes out at exhibit incident (1990-03-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Costanzo|first=Joe|title=Coalition lashes out at exhibit incident|work=Deseret News|page=B-3|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1990-03-26|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&amp;dat=19900326&amp;id=kENTAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6973,5244474|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka dee ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo maka nnabata nke iwu Utah abụọ nke machibidoro ma mụọ mpụ ịkpọasị - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu maka ịnakwere iwu dị iche iche nke ga-eme ka iwu dị mma. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vigh|first=Michael|title=Punishment should fit hate crime|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F3E5455C9C5E6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate (1991-11-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sisco|first=Carol|title=Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-22|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-11-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10117A44841C5F1D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U. (1999-02-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parkinson|first=Jacob|title=Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U.|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1999-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says (1999-02-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1999-02-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F364DBEE678E98B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gays with guns (2006-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=JoSelle|title=Gays with guns|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-10-01|url=http://www.stonewallshootingsportsutah.org/qsaltlake.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; [5] [6] [7] [6] [7] [6] [5] [6] [7] [4] [5] [6] [5] [6] [5]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes (2011-09-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric|title=Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2011-09-15|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/blog-25-6308-gun-groups-call-on-utahns-to-arm-themselves-against-hate-crimes.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grossman|first=Steve|title=1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement|publisher=Democratic National Committee|date=1998-09-26|location=Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes (1991-01-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Douglas|title=Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-4|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-01-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10117799C7A1213B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law (1994-05-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-05-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360A5713909EF3&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utah Democrat in that order, please (1998-10-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rauzon|first=Ryan|title=Gay Utah Democrat in that order, please|work=The Daily Universe|publisher=Brigham Young University|date=1998-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort (2001-05-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2001-05-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10118B478BDFC835&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo maka nnabata nke Salt Lake County Board of Commissioners bill nke machibidoro ịkpa ókè na ọrụ gọọmentị mpaghara gụnyere nke dabeere na mmasị mmekọahụ - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah. Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise megide mwepụ nke &quot;Ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye&quot; nke iwu na &quot;mmekọahụ&quot; nchebe. Ndị isi nke Gay and Lesbian Employee Association katọrọ ya na ndị ọzọ megidere mwepụ ahụ, ma kwuo na ya &quot;ekwughị maka GLEA&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grossman|first=Steve|title=1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement|publisher=Democratic National Committee|date=1998-09-26|location=Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias (1992-09-29)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1992-09-29|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3605E5E761AEAE&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minute Book (1992-09-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Swensen|first=Sherrie|title=Minute Book|publisher=Salt Lake County, Utah|series=Board of County Commissioners|date=1992-09-30|location=Salt Lake City|pages=1854–1858}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy (1992-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lindsley|first=Hank|title=Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1992-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fight over measure 'just beginning' (1992-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Costanzo|first=Joe|title=Fight over measure 'just beginning'|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1992-10-01|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7R0PAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6296,207459|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5]&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is (1995-07-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adams|first=Brooke|title=S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-07-18|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360D86A9950CDF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minute Book (1995-07-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Swensen|first=Sherrie|title=Minute Book|publisher=Salt Lake County, Utah|series=Board of County Commissioners|date=1995-07-19|location=Salt Lake City|pages=1178–1180}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies (1995-07-20)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Baltezore|first=Jay|title=S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-07-20|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=102D3B1DA9AD2B36&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5][11][5][6]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays say new law still falls short (1992-12-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jorgensen|first=Chris|title=Gays say new law still falls short|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1992-12-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10113C6C3282AC14&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5][10][11][5][11]&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County hiring plan angers gays (1995-07-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Baltezore|first=Jay|title=S.L. County hiring plan angers gays|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-07-18|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=102D3B1D7022BB91&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo megide nhọpụta nke onye bụbu Onye isiNdị uwe ojii Phoenix Ruben Ortega ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ngalaba ndị uwe ojii Salt Lake City.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay, lesbian leaders question S.L. chief's civil-rights record (1992-11-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phillips|first=Michael|title=Gay, lesbian leaders question S.L. chief's civil-rights record|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1992-11-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10114728E4CB115D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka ịnakwere iwu nchịkwa nke Utah State Textbook Commission nke ga-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ohere iji akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke gụnyere ozi gbasara ndina ụdị onwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Homosexuality far from Utah curriculum (1992-12-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nickerson|first=James|title=Homosexuality far from Utah curriculum|work=Standard-Examiner|page=B-1|publisher=Ogden Publishing Corp.|date=1992-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Teachers worry a few words may ban books (1993-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Autman|first=Samuel A.|title=Teachers worry a few words may ban books|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-09-26|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1011392D327FB9DC&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Friendly Fire: The ACLU in Utah (1996-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sillitoe|first=Linda|title=Friendly Fire: The ACLU in Utah|publisher=Signature Books Inc.|date=March 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfYjAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-1-56085-076-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka dee ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka nnabata nke iwu Utah nke na-enye ohere maka nkwekọrịta nke na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa na-enweghị isi ree iwu mkpuchi ndụ ha tupu ọnwụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ [[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|nlekọta ahụike]], na imeziwanye ndụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals (1994-03-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-03-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010E723203CA26A&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano megide nnabata nke iwu Utah abụọ nke ga-achọ Nnyocha HIV nke ndị mmadụ na-ekpughe ndị ọzọ gụnyere ndị ọrụ nchekwa ọha na eze ma ọ bụ ndị na-enye ọrụ mberede na HIV n'oge ha na-arụ ọrụ ha. Ụkpụrụ iwu ahụ echebeghị nzuzo ahụike. Ọ gbara mbọ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka mmezigharị nke iwu yiri ya iji chebe nzuzo dị otú ahụ, a nabatara iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HIV-test law might have averted hostage incident, legislators say (1993-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Autman|first=Samuel A.|title=HIV-test law might have averted hostage incident, legislators say|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-11-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=101131FAB3713E1C&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bill to permit HIV test passes House panel (1995-01-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wright|first=Lili|title=Bill to permit HIV test passes House panel|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-01-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010A0FD0E4071BF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato ruo afo puku abuo na ato dị ka onye omeiwu Utah nwere ikikere na onye isi lobbyist maka mmepe iwu ọha na eze LGBT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Citizen Center (2003)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Center|work=Utah Lobbyist Online|publisher=Utah Office of the Lieutenant Governor|year=2003|url=https://secure.utah.gov/lobbyist/lobbysearch?page=lobbyist_search_list&amp;id=533|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah nke ga-achọ DNA profiling nke ndị a mara ikpe maka imebi iwu ụfọdụ nke steeti gụnyere iwu sodomy steeti. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ profaịlụ nke ndị a mara ikpe imebi iwu sodomy, a nabatara iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sodomy stricken from DNA-testing bill (1994-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sodomy stricken from DNA-testing bill|work=The Pillar|page=7|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=1994-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise megide nnabata nke iwu Utah nke machibidoro ịnakwere Alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị. Onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Ikpe nke Midvale mechara maa ya ikpe ịkwụ ụgwọ $iri ise na ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị isii maka ime ihe nnupụisi obodo iji mee mkpesa megide iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bill drafted to bolster ban on homosexual marriages (1995-02-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Bill drafted to bolster ban on homosexual marriages|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-02-09|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010A1DFC6EAB08D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bill prevents legalization of same-sex marriages (1995-02-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Scharman|first=Christopher|title=Bill prevents legalization of same-sex marriages|work=The Daily Herald|publisher=Pulitzer Inc.|date=1995-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ban on gay marriages to be annulled? (1995-03-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Ban on gay marriages to be annulled?|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-03|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010CEA23A2EDED9&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Same-sex-marriage bill ruled legal (1995-03-04)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Same-sex-marriage bill ruled legal|work=Deseret News|page=A-10|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-03-04|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360CA36FCDEDFF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays, lesbians vow marriage-ban fight (1995-03-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays, lesbians vow marriage-ban fight|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010CED6AD0F2F97&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah may ignore gay unions groups threat (1995-03-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Utah may ignore gay unions groups threat|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010DA9E1F6A7AA5&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Most oppose legalizing gay marriages (1995-03-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Most oppose legalizing gay marriages|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-03-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360CB7B1992089&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nnabata nke iwu Utah nke gbochiri Klọb ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBT na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah senators hold secret anti-gay meet (1996-02-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Utah senators hold secret anti-gay meet|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-01|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD1F0F6CF838F&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anti-gay meet: Secret's out, anger sets in (1996-02-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Anti-gay meet: Secret's out, anger sets in|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-02|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD4110E6F8BE6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;West, Highland seek OK for gay clubs (1996-02-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Groutage|first=Hilary|title=West, Highland seek OK for gay clubs|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-06|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD2423814E236&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bills aim to keep gay students in closet (1996-02-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Bills aim to keep gay students in closet|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-4|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD2EAAB3E355B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sponsors say 2 club bills are constitutionally sound (1996-02-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Sponsors say 2 club bills are constitutionally sound|work=Deseret News|page=A-12|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-02-13|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YvBHAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5176,7583121|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lawmakers return to take on gay clubs (1996-04-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Lawmakers return to take on gay clubs|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-04-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FCDA7EC761221&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato  megide nnabata nke Utah Office of the Attorney General amicus curiae brief nke ga-emegide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke [[Vermont]] nke Baker v. State of Vermont No. 98-032   &lt;ref name=&quot;Gays policy a no-win for Graham (1998-05-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fahys|first=Judy|title=Gays policy a no-win for Graham|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-05-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F37949F0CCACB&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka nkwado nke iwu Utah nke ga-agbanwe iwu sodomy nke steeti site na iwepu ndokwa nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US kpebiri na afo puku abuo na ato ka ọ ghara ịdị n'usoro iwu na echiche ya banyere Lawrence v. [[Texas]]   A tụleghị iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson seeks sodomy law repeal (2007-01-16)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson seeks sodomy law repeal|work=QSaltLake|page=7|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC.|date=2007-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S.B. 169 Sodomy Amendments (2007)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=McCoy|first=Scott D.|title=S.B. 169 Sodomy Amendments|work=2007 General Session|publisher=Utah Legislature|year=2007|url=http://le.utah.gov/~2007/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0169.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah nke ga-amachibido inwe Mgbọ zoro ezo na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke steeti, ma nye ohere ka onye bi n'ụlọ ihi ụra rịọ naanị ndị otu ụlọ na-enweghị ikike iburu égbè zoro ezumike. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ, a nabatakwara iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Against gun restrictions (2007-02-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kjolseth|first=Francisco|title=Against gun restrictions (Photograph)|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2007-02-14|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5223659&amp;itype=NGPSID|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa ụlọ ọrụ Salt Lake County nke machibidoro inwe ngwá agha na ebe mgbakọ abụọ dị na mpaghara, ma chọọ ka ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ gbasaa ihe mgbochi ahụ nye ndị ọbịa ha. Utah Pride Center agbatịla ihe mgbochi ahụ nye ndị ọbịa nke ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBT-na-eme kwa afọ nke e mepụtara na Salt Palace Convention Center.

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah Pride Festival nke machibidoro inwe ngwá agha niile na mmemme ahụ. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ mmachibido iwu nke ngwá agha iwu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, onye ọrụ Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Salt Lake City jidere ya, jụọ ya ajụjụ ma wepụ ya n'ememme ahụ mgbe ndị ọrụ ememme ahụ mere mkpesa banyere inwe égbè a na-ezochaghị ezo. O tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa na mkpesa $ 25,000 megide Salt Lake City Corp., ma nata mgbaghara site n'aka onyeisi ndị uwe ojii.   &lt;ref name=&quot;Rolly: The competing rights of packing a gun and peaceable assembly (2007-06-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=Rolly: The competing rights of packing a gun and peaceable assembly|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2007-06-09|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=6102977&amp;itype=NGPSID|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Police chief apologizes for gay gun activist's ejection from Pride (2007-08-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=Joselle|title=Police chief apologizes for gay gun activist's ejection from Pride|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC.|date=2007-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2007: Year in review (2008-01-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=Joselle|title=2007: Year in review|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2008-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cold dead hands&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=City Weekly Staff|title=Best of Utah 2008: Media &amp; politics—Best 'Cold dead hands'|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2008-04-02|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-1811-best-of-utah-2008-media-politics.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na iri maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa nke Utah Bureau of Criminal Identification nke gbochiri inye ikike ịgba égbè zoro ezo na steeti maka ndị a mara ikpe maka imebi iwu sodomy steeti. Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo puku abuo na iri  ruo afo puku abuo na iri na abuo maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa nke Utah Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing nke na-egbochi inye ndị mmadụ akwụkwọ ikikere maka imebi iwu sodomy nke steeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction (2011-01-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-01-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah State Bulletin (2010-12-01; DAR File No. 34222)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Moffat|first=Alice|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Notice of Proposed Rule|edition=23|date=2010-12-01|location=Salt Lake City|pages=61–63|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2010/b20101201.pdf|accessdate=April 18, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah State Bulletin (2012-03-01; DAR File No. 35853)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Steinagel|first=Mark|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Five-Year Notices of Review and Statements of Continuation|edition=5|date=2012-03-01|location=Salt Lake City|pages=103–104|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2012/b20120301.pdf|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah State Bulletin (2012-03-01; DAR File No. 35860)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Steinagel|first=Mark|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Five-Year Notices of Review and Statements of Continuation|edition=5|date=2012-03-01|location=Salt Lake City|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2012/b20120301.pdf|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ ndị agha ===
Dị ka onye na-akwado nnwere onwe na onye ndú pati, Nelson guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù ndị metụtara LGBT na Utah ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado iwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu LGBT-enyi na enyi mba, steeti na mpaghara, na ịjụ iwu ndị ọzọ.

==== Nhazi ====
[[Usòrò:David_Nelson_(Utah_activist)_with_Vice_President_Al_Gore_in_1996.jpg|alt=David Nelson shaking hands with U.S. Vice President Al Gore|thumb|David Nelson na nzukọ ya na osote onye isi ala US Al Gore na Washington na 1996]]
Nelson guzobere Gay and Lesbian Utah Democrats na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu iji sonye na Utah Democratic Party - otu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. Ìgwè ahụ jikọtara ọrụ nke otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kọmitii na-akpata ego na otu lobbying. Na nnọkọ mbụ ya na steeti na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu, ndị nta akụkọ KUTV Television kpọrọ otu ahụ &quot;ụlọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ&quot;, ọ ghọkwara otu n'ime nnukwu caucuses na pati ahụ. Otu ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ ịnakọta ego na lobbying na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa, mana ọ nọgidere na-abụ caucus. Ọ lara ezumike nká na afo puku abuo na otu site na idu ndú otu ahụ, a gụgharịrị aha otu ahụ dị ka Utah Stonewall Democrats.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grossman|first=Steve|title=1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement|publisher=Democratic National Committee|date=1998-09-26|location=Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A brief history of lesbians and gays in Utah (1995-03-27)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fight for gay rights can be exhausting (Sidebar)|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=D-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-27|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010CFC8F74F1AFA&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Welcoming the World: The History of Salt Lake County (1996-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sillitoe|first=Linda|title=Welcoming the World: The History of Salt Lake County|publisher=Utah State Historical Society|date=January 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8j9NAAAACAAJ|isbn=978-0-9651857-0-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utah Democrats group to disband at end of year (1996-11-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utah Democrats group to disband at end of year|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-11-05|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ee5LAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4466,3617943|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utah Democrats will fold organization (1996-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utah Democrats will fold organization|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;How gay, lesbian politics came out of closet in Utah (1998-01-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=How gay, lesbian politics came out of closet in Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=AA-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F249C5235651B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors (1998-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=October 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Former Utah Democratic Party exec remembered by queer-rights leaders (2012-03-08)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bracken|first=Seth|title=Former Utah Democratic Party exec remembered by queer-rights leaders|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2012-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mepụtara netwọk mba nke ndị otu LGBT na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise iji weghachite nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ha nke dị na Washington National Association of Gay and Lesbian Democratic Clubs site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa. O nyere aka chọta National Stonewall Democratic Federation nke dị na Washington na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii iji sonye na Kọmitii Mba Democratic. U.S. Rep. Barney Frank nke [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] mepụtara njikọ ahụ mgbe ọ gbara ya ume na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato ka ọ sonye dị ka National Stonewall Democrats nke Washington. E hiwere otu ahụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu. &lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference (1996-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ haziri ndị Utah na-eme enyi nwoke na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii iji gaa nzukọ nke ndị LGBT Democrats na Osote Onye isi ala US Al Gore na Indian Treaty Room nke Old Executive Office Building na Washington.&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference (1996-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyeere ndị ọrụ aka n'ihe ngosi National Rifle Association of America na afo puku abuo na ise na Utah Democratic Convention .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Democrats back gun rights (2005-05-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Democrats back gun rights|work=Deseret News|page=B-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2005-05-07|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600132111/gay-democrats-back-gun-rights.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays with guns invited to Demo convention (2005-05-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays with guns invited to Demo convention|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nchịkwa ====
Nelson jere ozi na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu dị ka onye otu ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke Kọmitii Mba Democratic maka ndị na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala gụnyere Gov. Bill Clinton nke [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]] na nzukọ kọmitii na Los Angeles.&lt;ref name=&quot;1992 Democratic candidates span spectrum of ideologies (1991-09-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Daley|first=Steve|title=1992 Democratic candidates span spectrum of ideologies|work=Chicago Tribune|page=OL|publisher=Tribune Co.|date=1991-09-22|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-09-22/news/9103120030_1_president-bush-next-year-harkin-democratic-national-committee|accessdate=2012-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise dị ka onye otu Salt Lake County Democratic Party Constitutional Committee . &lt;ref name=&quot;Constitution of the Salt Lake County Democratic Party (2012-04-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.slcountydems.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;Itemid=37|title=Constitution of the Salt Lake County Democratic Party|date=2012-04-14|work=SLCountyDems.com|publisher=Salt Lake County Democratic Party|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=October 31, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031025051/http://www.slcountydems.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;Itemid=37}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere mkpọsa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke Utah Democratic Party - mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ nke otu nnukwu pati na steeti ahụ. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'etiti ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị abụọ mgbe mkpọsa ya nwetara  vootu nari abuo na iri abuo na itolu. &lt;ref name=&quot;2 seek Demo chairmanship, but race is unlikely to heat up (1993-06-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=2 seek Demo chairmanship, but race is unlikely to heat up|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1993-06-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3607B09175B51D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Demo unity: Jones to lead Utah party (1993-06-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=Demo unity: Jones to lead Utah party|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-06-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10112DA2EC6E8D65&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones unanimous choice to lead Democrats (1993-06-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jones unanimous choice to lead Democrats|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-06-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10112DAD59F7A0B3&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere mkpọsa nke ọma na afo out puku nari itolu na Iri itolu na isii maka ntuli aka Utah Democratic Party iji jee ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya nwoke na nwanyị na Democratic National Convention na [[Chicago]] na dị ka onye nduzi Utah LGBT-outreach maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Clinton-Gore. O mere mkpọsa nke ọma na afo puku abuo  maka ntuli aka Utah Democratic Party ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya nwoke idina nwoke na Democratic National Convention na Los Angeles na dịka onye nduzi Utah LGBT-outreach maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Gore-Lieberman.&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grossman|first=Steve|title=1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement|publisher=Democratic National Committee|date=1998-09-26|location=Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors (1998-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=October 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Labor makes big showing in delegation (1996-08-23)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Labor makes big showing in delegation|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-23|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=afdLAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4706,4495104|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5]&lt;ref name=&quot;Committee named of Utah gays and lesbians for Gore (2000-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Committee named of Utah gays and lesbians for Gore|work=The Pillar|page=10|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=2000-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utahns fear ties to Clinton (2000-08-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Romboy|first=Dennis|title=Utahns fear ties to Clinton|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3655F9D272B2C4&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yes, there are Democrats from Utah (2000-08-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Greg|title=Yes, there are Democrats from Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-9|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E9E17F932BE65&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;El Segundo mayor returns Utah Democrats' favor (2000-08-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=El Segundo mayor returns Utah Democrats' favor|work=Deseret News|page=A-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3655FC3A32F3C7&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah Democrats carry more conservative credentials to L.A. (2000-08-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Utah Democrats carry more conservative credentials to L.A.|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-10|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-15|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E9E40085921A0&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah delegates say Gore not uptight as he seems (2000-08-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Utah delegates say Gore not uptight as he seems|work=Deseret News|page=A-9|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-18|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-zxOAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6743,912964|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Democrats eager for Utah battle (2000-08-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Democrats eager for Utah battle|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E9E88141FC696&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay delegate says Dole could reverse gains (1996-08-27)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Lee|title=Gay delegate says Dole could reverse gains|work=Deseret News|page=A-3|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-27|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bfdLAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5207,7848599|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention includes shock as well as thrills for Utah's delegates (1996-08-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Lee|title=Convention includes shock as well as thrills for Utah's delegates|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah delegates and alternates to the 1996 Democratic National Convention (1996-09-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah delegates and alternates to the 1996 Democratic National Convention|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-09-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay supporters of Clinton take part in coming-out rally (1996-10-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay supporters of Clinton take part in coming-out rally|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-10-21|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F364644E76ECC06&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Demos expect religious link between Lieberman, Utahns (2000-08-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Romboy|first=Dennis|title=Demos expect religious link between Lieberman, Utahns|work=Deseret News|page=A-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3655EDDF31C87E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gino Kalu ka Utah?’s Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo puku abuo na ato ruo afo puku abuo na ano dị ka onye nhazi nwoke na nwoke na Utah maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Wesley Clark.

==== Iwu ====
Nelson gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii maka itinye ndị ọkà okwu LGBT na nzukọ Democratic National Committee Policy Commission na Salt Lake City site n'aka onye isi oche kọmitii na onye bụbu Gọvanọ Utah Scott M. Matheson Sr.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays want spot on Demo's family panel (1986-03-20)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays want spot on Demo's family panel|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gays want say in Dem policy (1986-03-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gurwell|first=Lance|title=Utah gays want say in Dem policy|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Company Inc.|date=1986-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Demos limit agenda, not the right to speak up (1986-04-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Demos limit agenda, not the right to speak up|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1986-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay presence felt at Demo policy commission (1986-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay presence felt at Demo policy commission|work=Triangle Magazine|page=7|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=May 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka nhọpụta nke ndị Utah na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha ka ha bụrụ ndị otu Utah Democratic Party - nhọpụta mbụ dị otú ahụ site n'aka otu nnukwu pati na steeti ahụ. O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na asaa dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Na-anọgide na-anọgide nke ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na Kọmitii na-anọgidesi ike na ntuziaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Demo chief hailed for naming 4 gays to party committees (1993-08-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Demo chief hailed for naming 4 gays to party committees|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1993-08-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F36080F398DE145&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Democratic chairman defends appointments of gays to committee posts (1993-08-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Democratic chairman defends appointments of gays to committee posts|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka ịnakwere nkatọ nke Utah Democratic Party nke Utah House of Representatives Democratic Whip Rep. Kelly C. Atkinson mgbe ọ kọwara LGBT Democrats dị ka otu &quot;na-abụghị&quot; na nkọwa nke akwụkwọ ''Akụkọ Deseret'' News bipụtara. Atkinson mechara kwuo na ọ kwara ụta maka ojiji o ji nkọwa ahụ mee ihe. Mgbalị a katọrọ bụ ihe mere ndị Democrats na ndị isi pati ji akatọ Nelson, ma gwa ndị isi Gay na Lesbian Utah Democrats n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii ka ha kwụsị ịkọwa otu ahụ dị ka Democratic. Nelson na ndị isi otu ndị ọzọ jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Column by Democratic whip inflames gay-rights groups (1995-01-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Column by Democratic whip inflames gay-rights groups|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010A00476F15D0C&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay group wants Demo 'censored' (1995-01-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay group wants Demo 'censored'|work=Deseret News|page=A-8|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360E7B0404637F&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Demos won't stage protest (1995-01-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Gay Demos won't stage protest|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-01-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360E7ED717EDC7&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Demos ask gays to lower profile (1996-02-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Demos ask gays to lower profile|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD290ED8D7776&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lawmakers accused of gay-bashing (1996-02-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Spangler|first=Jerry|title=Lawmakers accused of gay-bashing|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-02-07|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XPBHAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2576,3675122|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Politics: Demos play it straight (1996-02-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Politics: Demos play it straight|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1996-02-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Politics: Inconvenient friends (1996-11-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Politics: Inconvenient friends|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1996-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere, kwado ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka nnabata nke mkpebi nke Utah Democratic Party nke kwadoro nnabata nke Iwu Ọrụ Na-enweghị Ịkpa ókè nke gọọmentị etiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD sponsors state Democratic resolution (1995-12-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD sponsors state Democratic resolution|work=The Pillar|page=9|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1995-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nkwa mkpọsa nke onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic maka U.S. House of Representatives Ross C. &quot;Rocky&quot; Anderson iji megide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị ma &quot;na-atụ vootu ọchịchọ ndị m na-atụ voote&quot; ma ọ bụrụ na a họpụtara ya na Congress n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-akwado ikike alụmdi na eze. Anderson katọrọ Nelson na ndị ọzọ na-emegide mgbanwe echiche Anderson, ma kwuo na ọ pụghị &quot;ikwere na ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-ezo na-echere ka ha gbaa m égbè ugbu a&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson: I'll put aside support for gay marriage (1996-07-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Anderson: I'll put aside support for gay marriage|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-07-09|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD5FEB944B234&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson clarifies stand on same-sex unions (1996-07-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Anderson clarifies stand on same-sex unions|work=Deseret News|page=B-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-07-09|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/500680/anderson-clarifies-stand-on-same-sex-unions.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwado ===
[[Usòrò:David_Nelson_(Utah_activist)_Salt_Lake_County_joint_commemorative_resolution_in_2012.jpg|alt=Salt Lake County joint Commemorative Resolution signed by mayor and nine council members|thumb|Mkpebi ncheta jikọrọ aka nke Salt Lake County nyere David Nelson na 2012]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nelson, David}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''David Keith Nelson''' bu Onye amụrụ n' onwa Epril  na ubochi asaa, na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri isii na abuo bụ onye Amerika na-eme ihe maka ichebe ikike nhata maka ndị inyom, nwoke na nwoke, nwoke na nwanyị na ndị na alu Onwe ha (LGBT). O guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù na-enweghị uru metụtara LGBT na [[Yútạh|Utah]] ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya na Democratic Party gbara ọtụtụ ndị LGBT Utah ume ka ha bụrụ ndị isi otu. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye omeiwu na onye isi na-akwado iwu rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu, na iwu obodo LGBT na iwu ndị ọzọ.

== Nke Onye ==
A mụrụ Nelson na Salt Lake City dị ka onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Cannon. Ọ gụrụ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Utah site na afo otu puku na nari itoolu na iri asato na abuo ruo  na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano . Ọ lara ezumike nká na afo puku abuo na otu site na ọrụ ọkachamara ya na ahịa na mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ma biri na Brigham City, Utah. Ọ na-ebi na nkwarụ, a chọpụtakwara ya na afo puku abuo na iri na ise na o newer Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mgbe e guzobere nchọpụta ya, o raara ikike ya nye nkwado LGBT autism, ma nyere aka mepụta nzukọ LGBTQ-Autism Utah na afo puku abuo na iri na asato na Utah Pride Center, Utah Pride Festival na Mahadum Utah Health Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinic.&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTQ Autists will have a place at Pride(2019-05-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=QSaltLake Magazine|page=OL|publisher=QSaltLake|date=2019-05-24|url=https://www.qsaltlake.com/news/2019/05/24/lgbtq-autists-will-have-a-place-at-pride/|accessdate=2019-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tradewinds (2000-05-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tradewinds|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-5|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-05-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100EE05D6B8B3531&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Index to Politicians (2004)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Index to Politicians|work=The Political Graveyard|publisher=Lawrence &quot;Larry&quot; Kestenbaum|year=2004|url=http://www.politicalgraveyard.com/bio/nelson.html#0bm0j0y8v|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun control pros and cons charge up 'Freedom Forum' (2004-09-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=May|first=Heather|title=Gun control pros and cons charge up 'Freedom Forum'|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-5|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2004-09-30|url=http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_2418138|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cannon family of Utah (2005-03-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cannon family of Utah|work=The Political Graveyard|publisher=Lawrence &quot;Larry&quot; Kestenbaum|date=2005-03-10|url=http://www.politicalgraveyard.com/families/10239.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=November 3, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103100217/http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10239.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Some in S.L. worry about use of funds (2005-09-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Snyder|first=Brady|title=Some in S.L. worry about use of funds|work=Deseret News|page=A-4|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2005-09-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10C7D32F00EBDED0&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Charitable surge may help Utah (2005-09-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Stewart|first=Kirsten|title=Charitable surge may help Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2005-09-12|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3021335&amp;itype=ngpsid|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBT Dems: 25 years in Utah (2014-12-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=LGBT Dems: 25 years in Utah|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2014-12-18|url=http://www.gaysaltlake.com/news/2014/12/18/lgbt-dems-25-years-utah|accessdate=2015-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah Pride Center, UofU autism clinic partner to discuss the links between LGBTs and ASD (2018-12-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-12-06|title=Utah Pride Center, UofU autism clinic partner to discuss the links between LGBTs and ASD|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1812ae/10?ff|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=17|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2018-12-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah LGBT and autism groups connect (2018-12-20)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dobner|first=Jennifer|date=2018-12-20|title=Utah LGBT and autism groups connect|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1901e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=9|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTQ-Autism will be part of the Utah Pride Festival for first time. Author will speak. (2019-05-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-05-24|title=LGBTQ-Autism will be part of the Utah Pride Festival for first time. Author will speak.|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1901e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=13|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2019-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ maliteghachiri ịkekọrịta aha ya nke Islamic [[Sayyid]] na afo puku abuo na iri abuo mgbe afọ iri abuo  na ise gasịrị na òtù LGBT / MENA, ihe omume na ndị ọzọ, na inye ha ndụmọdụ site n'ịmepụta otu nkwado. Ìgwè ndị dị otú ahụ arụwo ọrụ na mpaghara MENA na ihe omume LGBT na òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;LGBTQ and MENA build new communities (2021-03-16)&quot;&gt;
{{Cite news|date=2021-03-16|title=LGBTQ and MENA build new communities|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl2104e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=14|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2021-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Nelson anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kemgbe afọ otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'afọ ndị otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na Utah, ọrụ ya gụnyere inyere aka iduzi òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[California]] na District of Columbia.&lt;ref name=&quot;News briefs: PAC leader (1997-01-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=News briefs: PAC leader|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1997-01-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F8174B52F5428&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ya gosipụtara echiche nke Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Jeffersonian gụnyere ndị maka American republicanism, Ọrụ obodo na nha nhata nke Ohere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị LGBT na nke abụọ gosipụtara echiche maka gọọmentị a kpaara ókè nke a machibidoro imebi ikike okike nke ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ikike nke steeti.

Ọrụ ya dọtara uche ndị isi gọọmentị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndị nta akụkọ akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay advocates seeking civil rights memorabilia (2013-02-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Ray|title=Gay advocates seeking civil rights memorabilia|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=MediaNews Group|date=2013-02-24|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/55883507-78/gay-utah-stonewall-lesbian.html.csp|accessdate=2013-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  
Dị ka onye ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Nelson guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị akụkụ na Utah ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado Iwu ọha na eze rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu LGBT na iwu obodo, iwu, iwu na iwu, yana ịjụ iwu ndị ọzọ.

==== Nhazi ====
Nelson guzobere Military Law Task Force nke Salt Lake City na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo, ma jee ozi dị ka onye ọka iwu nchịkwa site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo  ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na afo maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ndị agha ochie. &lt;ref name=&quot;Editorial: Draft resister refuses to come in from the cold (1982-10-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Editorial: Draft resister refuses to come in from the cold|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=6|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1982-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Students may receive draft info (1982-10-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adelman|first=Matt|title=Students may receive draft info|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=3|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1982-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Military Law Task Force to help female veterans (1982-11-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Military Law Task Force to help female veterans|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-11|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1982-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;U copes with federal regulations (1983-02-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Steve|title=U copes with federal regulations|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1983-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Draft law draws chaos, claim aid officials, prof (1983-03-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Steve|title=Draft law draws chaos, claim aid officials, prof|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1983-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O jere ozi site na  afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na afo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Lesbian and Gay Student Union na Mahadum Utah. O jere ozi na afo puku abuo na abuo  dị ka onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke Mahadum Utah Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Resource Center na dịka onye isi oche nke kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Up Front: Newsletter (1984-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Staff|work=Up Front: Newsletter|page=5|publisher=University of Utah Lesbian and Gay Student Union|date=January 1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka chọta Gay Community Inc. na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise, ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Community Reporter. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Triangle Magazine, na afo puku abuo na ano dị ka onye nchịkọta egwuregwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Salt Lake Metro'' na afo puku abuo na isii dị ka onye edemede nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''QSaltLake''.&lt;ref name=&quot;A GCI response: The other side of the story (1985-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aaron|first=Michael|title=A GCI response: The other side of the story|work=Community Reporter|page=3|publisher=Gay Community Inc.|date=June 1985}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;History of gay press in Utah (2005-04-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=History of gay press in Utah|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The gay vote (1986-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=The gay vote|work=Triangle Magazine|page=7|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=March 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambda lore: This week in lambda history (2005-11-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Lambda lore: This week in lambda history|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2005-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sports (2004-10-28)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=Sports|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2004-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The permanent record (2006-11-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=The permanent record|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara The Times of Harvey Milk gay filmmaker Rob Epstein na Before Stonewall lesbian filmmaker Greta Schiller ajụjụ ọnụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise na Sundance Film Festival..KRCL Redio gbasaa ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Community Reporter bipụtara akụkụ ya. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ teknụzụ maka Sundance Institute site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ato  ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise na maka emume ahụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay film nominated for Academy Award (1985-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay film nominated for Academy Award|work=Community Reporter|page=1|publisher=Gay Community Inc.|date=February 1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Unfortunate screening plagues Park City film festival premiere (1986-01-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Orme|first=Terry|title=Unfortunate screening plagues Park City film festival premiere|work=Community Reporter|page=1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Power (1986)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Power (1986)|work=IMDb.com|publisher=IMDb.com Inc.|year=1990–2012|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091786/trivia?tab=tr&amp;item=tr0573330|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Party in a box: The story of the Sundance Film Festival (1999-09-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Lory|title=Party in a box: The story of the Sundance Film Festival|publisher=Gibbs Smith Publishers|date=1999-09-01|location=Salt Lake City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTUbAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-0-87905-861-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka chọta Kansụl Obodo Gay na Lesbian nke Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii. &lt;ref name=&quot;Memoirs of a Utah Gay Activist 1986 (2006-12-23)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=December 1986|work=Memoirs of a Utah Gay Activist 1986|publisher=Ben Williams|date=2006-12-23|url=http://gayflower.blogspot.com/2006/12/december-1986.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii  ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato dị ka onye mmekọ Utah nke Fairness Fund nke dị na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]. Òtù a nwetara na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato site na Human Rights Campaign Fund Inc. (HRCF) nke dị na Washington dị ka ngalaba ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato na site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na itolu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu dị ka onye nduzi HRCF Utah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guide to the Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005 (2007-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guide to the Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005|work=Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005|publisher=Cornell University|date=February 2007|url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM07712.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ haziri LGBT Utahns site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa na site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa iji gaa emume ncheta Utah Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust na Utah Capitol rotunda. O mepụtara ma nyere aka kesaa akwụkwọ mpịakọta na ihe ngosi triangle pink na triangle ojii maka ndị na-echeta ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD plans attendance at state Holocaust memorial (1994-03-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=GLUD plans attendance at state Holocaust memorial|work=Queer Resources Directory|publisher=Ron Buckmire|date=1994-03-14|url=http://www.qrd.org/qrd/usa/utah/GLUD/1994/plans.to.attend.holocaust.memorial-03.14.94|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na asato na itolu dị ka onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke San Jose, California Bay Area Municipal Elections Committee.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa dị ka onye ọbịa na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha na kọleji, obodo na òtù LGBT na Utah gụnyere Mahadum Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics, Mahadum Weber State na YWCA nke Salt Lake City.&lt;ref name=&quot;YWCA begins Week Without Violence (1998-10-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=YWCA begins Week Without Violence|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1998-10-18|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/658114/ywca-begins-week-without-violence.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vigh|first=Michael|title=Punishment should fit hate crime|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F3E5455C9C5E6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Corrections &amp; clarifications (1998-10-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Corrections &amp; clarifications|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F2B92D0774B10&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate (1991-11-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sisco|first=Carol|title=Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-22|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-11-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10117A44841C5F1D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clinton support falls in gay community (1993-10-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Myers|first=Melinda|title=Clinton support falls in gay community|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1993-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD directors to speak at WSU (1994-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD directors to speak at WSU|work=The Pillar|page=11|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=February 1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Forums (1994-09-23)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Frampton|first=Amy|title=Forums|work=Politics at the Hinckley Institute|page=10|publisher=Hinckley Institute of Politics|date=1994-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Skinheads crash meeting of gays, lesbians (1994-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gilmore|first=Rich|title=Skinheads crash meeting of gays, lesbians|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=D-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Neo-Nazis shout insults at gay rally in Cedar City (1994-10-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Neo-Nazis shout insults at gay rally in Cedar City|work=Deseret News|page=A-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-10-24|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/383294/neo-nazis-shout-insults-at-gay-rally-in-cedar-city.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U. (1999-02-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parkinson|first=Jacob|title=Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U.|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1999-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says (1999-02-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1999-02-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F364DBEE678E98B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Citizens: Community calendar (1997-04-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Citizens: Community calendar|work=Deseret News|page=2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1997-04-30|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xvRHAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3090%2C8326267|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ haziri lobbying nke ndị otu US congressional delegation si Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato site na ndị na-akwado ha na March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett gives qualified endorsement to gay rights (1993-04-24)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gudmundsen|first=Lance S.|title=Bennett gives qualified endorsement to gay rights|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-04-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=101125FE86528C23&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka ịhazi ngagharị iwe nke, ma bipụta mkpesa na Utah Judicial Conduct Commission megide, Utah 3rd District Court Judge David S. Young na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano maka ibelata ikpe nke David Nelson Thacker onye a mara ikpe igbu nwoke na nwoke Salt Lake City business Douglas Koehler. O nyere aka ịhazi mkpọsa &quot;Mba na Young&quot; na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nhọpụta nke Young onye meriri ntuli aka na afo puku abuo na abuo - onye ọka ikpe mbụ meriri ntuziaka na steeti ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Victim's family, gays say killer got off too easy (1994-08-16)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hunt|first=Stephen|title=Victim's family, gays say killer got off too easy|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-08-16|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10118B15543D74AF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah's gay community protests killer's sentence (1994-08-16)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah's gay community protests killer's sentence|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Complaint filed against judge who reduced killer's sentence (1994-08-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Complaint filed against judge who reduced killer's sentence|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Probes of judges' conduct appear to go nowhere, Utah women say (1995-06-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Sheila R.|title=Probes of judges' conduct appear to go nowhere, Utah women say|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD launches 'No on Young' campaign (1996-02-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD launches 'No on Young' campaign|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Has judicial watchdog grown teeth? (1996-03-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Sheila R.|title=Has judicial watchdog grown teeth?|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-03-03|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD7DEDF461DFC&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge's removal causes stir (2002-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Neff|first=Elizabeth|title=Judge's removal causes stir|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2002-11-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=102ACFB0A4C3408E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa dị ka onye otu ndị nduzi nke Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund Inc. nke dị na Washington nakwa dị ka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;News briefs: PAC leader (1997-01-12)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;David Nelson named to PAC Public Relations Committee (1997-05-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=David Nelson named to PAC Public Relations Committee|work=The Pillar|page=10|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1997-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka hazie ozi ncheta na nche ọkụ kandụl na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato na Utah mgbe e gbasịrị nwa akwụkwọ nwoke na-eme enyi nwoke na Mahadum Wyoming Matthew Shepard.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ACLU of Utah lashes out at press conference (1998-11-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ACLU of Utah lashes out at press conference|work=The Pillar|page=5|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1998-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka mepụta na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato usoro iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka iwepu Iwu sodomy nke steeti na American Civil Liberties Union of Utah . &lt;ref name=&quot;It's been a long time coming (1998-12-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Freiberg|first=Peter|title=It's been a long time coming|work=The Washington Blade|date=1998-12-18|url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/usa/utah/utnews07.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere GayVoteUtah.com na afo puku abuo na otu iji nye Ndebanye aha ndị na-eme ntụli aka n'ịntanetị nke LGBT Utahns. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Vote Utah's goal is political clout (2001-11-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Greg|title=Gay Vote Utah's goal is political clout|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LCC|date=2001-11-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E8B6361C920CC&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Campaign seeks to register gay and lesbian Utah voters (2001-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Campaign seeks to register gay and lesbian Utah voters|work=Standard-Examiner|publisher=Sandusky Newspapers Inc.|date=2001-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere Stonewall Shooting Sports nke Utah na afo puku abuo na abuo nke ghọrọ otu n'ime nnukwu òtù égbè LGBT na United States - otu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gays ready for trouble (2003-01-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eddington|first=Mark|title=Utah gays ready for trouble|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2003-01-21|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100D419791707DF6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Advocates: Guns are good (2003-11-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Coleman|first=Colleen|title=Advocates: Guns are good|work=The Signpost|publisher=Weber State University Student Association|date=2003-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gays with guns (2006-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=JoSelle|title=Gays with guns|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-10-01|url=http://www.stonewallshootingsportsutah.org/qsaltlake.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Come out, be gay and play (2008-06-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Come out, be gay and play|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2008-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5] [4] [5] [6]  [5] [6] [5]&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction (2011-01-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-01-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun advocates advise arming against violence (2011-09-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gun advocates advise arming against violence|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes (2011-09-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric|title=Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2011-09-15|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/blog-25-6308-gun-groups-call-on-utahns-to-arm-themselves-against-hate-crimes.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere Utah Stonewall Hall of Fame na afo puku abuo na isii na ihe karịrị LGBT Utahns nari isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay hall of fame inducts 100s (2006-07-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay hall of fame inducts 100s|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ọchịchị ====
Nelson mere mkpọsa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta iji bụrụ onye otu Salt Lake City Council - mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ n'obodo ahụ. O weputara nke atọ n'ime ndi mmadu anọ na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala mgbe mkpọsa ya nwetara vootu nari ato na iri abuo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Avenues man enters race for Council seat (1985-08-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Avenues man enters race for Council seat|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Races are set for this fall's primary election (1985-08-28)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Douglas|title=Races are set for this fall's primary election|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-08-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Lively election season is looming in S.L. (1985-08-28)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Walker|first=Donn|title=Lively election season is looming in S.L.|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-08-28|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GfYoAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1524,6162127|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay-rights activist seeks post (1985-08-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay-rights activist seeks post|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-08-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;18 are candidates for 5 vacancies on S.L. Council (1985-10-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gates|first=Chuck|title=18 are candidates for 5 vacancies on S.L. Council|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-10-05|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dUxTAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4894%2C1581339|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5] [4] [5] [6] &lt;ref name=&quot;4 Council districts to pare candidates (1985-10-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=4 Council districts to pare candidates|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Here's tally of S.L. mayor, council vote (1985-10-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Here's tally of S.L. mayor, council vote|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Queer Utah history: Ten most significant events for queer Utah in the 20th Century (2005-06-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Queer Utah history: Ten most significant events for queer Utah in the 20th Century|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambda lore: This week in lambda history (2005-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Lambda lore: This week in lambda history|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2005-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise dị ka onye na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke otu gọọmentị etiti Social Services Block Grant allocation panel maka Salt Lake County Human Services Advisory Council . &lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson appointed to Salt Lake County panel (1994-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson appointed to Salt Lake County panel|work=The Pillar|page=14|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=1994-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ natara nhọpụta site n'aka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ụmụ amaala iri na otu a họpụtara na Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ onye otu na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke Salt Lake Organizing Committee maka Olympic na Paralympic Winter Games nke afọ puku abuo na abuo.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa ruo afo puku abuo na otu dị ka onye na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke Hate Crimes Working Group maka U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Attorney for the District of Utah, ma nyere aka mepụta nzukọ &quot;Changing Face of Hate: A National Symposium&quot; na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu nke U.S Attorney maka District of Utah kwadoro, [[Los Angeles]] Simon Wiesenthal Center, Weber State University na Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System.&lt;ref name=&quot;YWCA begins Week Without Violence (1998-10-18)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Corrections &amp; clarifications (1998-10-25)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Conference looks at hate crimes (1999-06-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Conference looks at hate crimes|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1999-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;U.S. Attorney publishes hate crime report (2000-02-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=U.S. Attorney publishes hate crime report|work=The Pillar|page=8|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=2000-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Racial and Ethnic Fairness: Report on the State of the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System (2000-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Zimmerman|first=Michael D.|title=Racial and Ethnic Fairness: Report on the State of the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System|publisher=Utah Judicial Council|series=Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System|date=September 2000|location=Salt Lake City|pages=35–36|url=https://www.utcourts.gov/specproj/retaskforce/reportfinal.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nelson gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka iwepụ iwu ''Salt Lake Tribune'' nke machibidoro mbipụta nke Mgbasa ozi onwe onye [[Nwoke idina nwoke|nwoke na nwanyị]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Media beat: Nothing personal (1993-09-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Media beat: Nothing personal|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1993-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Iwu ====
Nelson dere ma gbaa mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa maka ịnakwere iwu Salt Lake City Council nke ga-eme ka kọmitii na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ n'obodo ma machibido ịkpa ókè gụnyere nke dabeere na mmasị mmekọahụ - atụmatụ mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Minutes of the regular/briefing session (1986-07-08)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the regular/briefing session|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-07-08|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/formalminutes_1982-2010/default.htm#!WordDocuments/july81986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Human rights bill proposed to SLC Council (1986-08)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Human rights bill proposed to SLC Council|work=Triangle Magazine|page=6|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=August 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Council delays human rights bill discussion (1986-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Council delays human rights bill discussion|work=Triangle Magazine|page=13|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=September 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Agenda of the Committee of the Whole (1986-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Agenda of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-11-06|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_agendas_1985-2010/default.htm?turl=worddocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118102501/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_agendas_1985-2010/default.htm?turl=worddocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minutes of the Committee of the Whole (1986-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-11-06|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/#!worddocuments/november61986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130202160810/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/%23!worddocuments/november61986.htm#!worddocuments/november61986.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Three advise city Council to create S.L. Commission on human rights (1986-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Walters|first=Conrad|title=Three advise city Council to create S.L. Commission on human rights|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ACLU official sees need for S.L. rights panel (1986-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fagg|first=Ellen|title=ACLU official sees need for S.L. rights panel|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1986-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Activist says city refuses to create council to address discrimination (1987-09-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Walters|first=Conrad|title=Activist says city refuses to create council to address discrimination|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1987-09-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa maka ịnakwere iwu nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Salt Lake City nke chọrọ ọzụzụ LGBT maka ndị isi ngalaba - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays discuss police harassment in city-sponsored management audit hearing (1986-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays discuss police harassment in city-sponsored management audit hearing|work=Triangle Magazine|page=8|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=September 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minutes of the Committee of the Whole (1987-01-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1987-01-22|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/#!worddocuments/january221987.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130202160810/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/%23!worddocuments/november61986.htm#!worddocuments/january221987.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu megide ndụmọdụ nke Utah State Office of Education na ndị na-egosi The World of Anne Frank na-edezi ozi agụmakwụkwọ banyere ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha na Holocaust. O mepụtara ma nyere aka kesaa akwụkwọ mpịakọta na imepụtaghachi baajị triangle-ogige ntụrụndụ na-acha pinki pinki maka ndị na-egosi ihe ngosi Mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Data on gays restored to Holocaust project (1990-03-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Poore|first=Ann|title=Data on gays restored to Holocaust project|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1990-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coalition lashes out at exhibit incident (1990-03-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Costanzo|first=Joe|title=Coalition lashes out at exhibit incident|work=Deseret News|page=B-3|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1990-03-26|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&amp;dat=19900326&amp;id=kENTAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6973,5244474|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka dee ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo maka nnabata nke iwu Utah abụọ nke machibidoro ma mụọ mpụ ịkpọasị - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu maka ịnakwere iwu dị iche iche nke ga-eme ka iwu dị mma. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate (1991-11-22)&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U. (1999-02-19)&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says (1999-02-19)&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gays with guns (2006-10-01)&quot;/&gt; [5] [6] [7] [6] [7] [6] [5] [6] [7] [4] [5] [6] [5] [6] [5]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes (2011-09-15)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes (1991-01-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Douglas|title=Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-4|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-01-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10117799C7A1213B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law (1994-05-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-05-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360A5713909EF3&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utah Democrat in that order, please (1998-10-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rauzon|first=Ryan|title=Gay Utah Democrat in that order, please|work=The Daily Universe|publisher=Brigham Young University|date=1998-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort (2001-05-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2001-05-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10118B478BDFC835&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo maka nnabata nke Salt Lake County Board of Commissioners bill nke machibidoro ịkpa ókè na ọrụ gọọmentị mpaghara gụnyere nke dabeere na mmasị mmekọahụ - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah. Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise megide mwepụ nke &quot;Ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye&quot; nke iwu na &quot;mmekọahụ&quot; nchebe. Ndị isi nke Gay and Lesbian Employee Association katọrọ ya na ndị ọzọ megidere mwepụ ahụ, ma kwuo na ya &quot;ekwughị maka GLEA&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias (1992-09-29)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1992-09-29|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3605E5E761AEAE&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minute Book (1992-09-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Swensen|first=Sherrie|title=Minute Book|publisher=Salt Lake County, Utah|series=Board of County Commissioners|date=1992-09-30|location=Salt Lake City|pages=1854–1858}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy (1992-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lindsley|first=Hank|title=Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1992-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fight over measure 'just beginning' (1992-10-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Costanzo|first=Joe|title=Fight over measure 'just beginning'|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1992-10-01|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7R0PAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6296,207459|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5]&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is (1995-07-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adams|first=Brooke|title=S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-07-18|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360D86A9950CDF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Minute Book (1995-07-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Swensen|first=Sherrie|title=Minute Book|publisher=Salt Lake County, Utah|series=Board of County Commissioners|date=1995-07-19|location=Salt Lake City|pages=1178–1180}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies (1995-07-20)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Baltezore|first=Jay|title=S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-07-20|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=102D3B1DA9AD2B36&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5][11][5][6]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays say new law still falls short (1992-12-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jorgensen|first=Chris|title=Gays say new law still falls short|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1992-12-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10113C6C3282AC14&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5][10][11][5][11]&lt;ref name=&quot;S.L. County hiring plan angers gays (1995-07-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Baltezore|first=Jay|title=S.L. County hiring plan angers gays|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-07-18|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=102D3B1D7022BB91&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo megide nhọpụta nke onye bụbu Onye isiNdị uwe ojii Phoenix Ruben Ortega ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ngalaba ndị uwe ojii Salt Lake City.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay, lesbian leaders question S.L. chief's civil-rights record (1992-11-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phillips|first=Michael|title=Gay, lesbian leaders question S.L. chief's civil-rights record|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1992-11-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10114728E4CB115D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka ịnakwere iwu nchịkwa nke Utah State Textbook Commission nke ga-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ohere iji akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke gụnyere ozi gbasara ndina ụdị onwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Homosexuality far from Utah curriculum (1992-12-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nickerson|first=James|title=Homosexuality far from Utah curriculum|work=Standard-Examiner|page=B-1|publisher=Ogden Publishing Corp.|date=1992-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Teachers worry a few words may ban books (1993-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Autman|first=Samuel A.|title=Teachers worry a few words may ban books|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-09-26|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1011392D327FB9DC&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Friendly Fire: The ACLU in Utah (1996-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sillitoe|first=Linda|title=Friendly Fire: The ACLU in Utah|publisher=Signature Books Inc.|date=March 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfYjAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-1-56085-076-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka dee ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka nnabata nke iwu Utah nke na-enye ohere maka nkwekọrịta nke na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa na-enweghị isi ree iwu mkpuchi ndụ ha tupu ọnwụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ [[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|nlekọta ahụike]], na imeziwanye ndụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals (1994-03-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-03-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010E723203CA26A&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano megide nnabata nke iwu Utah abụọ nke ga-achọ Nnyocha HIV nke ndị mmadụ na-ekpughe ndị ọzọ gụnyere ndị ọrụ nchekwa ọha na eze ma ọ bụ ndị na-enye ọrụ mberede na HIV n'oge ha na-arụ ọrụ ha. Ụkpụrụ iwu ahụ echebeghị nzuzo ahụike. Ọ gbara mbọ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka mmezigharị nke iwu yiri ya iji chebe nzuzo dị otú ahụ, a nabatara iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HIV-test law might have averted hostage incident, legislators say (1993-11-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Autman|first=Samuel A.|title=HIV-test law might have averted hostage incident, legislators say|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-11-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=101131FAB3713E1C&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bill to permit HIV test passes House panel (1995-01-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wright|first=Lili|title=Bill to permit HIV test passes House panel|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-01-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010A0FD0E4071BF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato ruo afo puku abuo na ato dị ka onye omeiwu Utah nwere ikikere na onye isi lobbyist maka mmepe iwu ọha na eze LGBT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Citizen Center (2003)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Center|work=Utah Lobbyist Online|publisher=Utah Office of the Lieutenant Governor|year=2003|url=https://secure.utah.gov/lobbyist/lobbysearch?page=lobbyist_search_list&amp;id=533|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah nke ga-achọ DNA profiling nke ndị a mara ikpe maka imebi iwu ụfọdụ nke steeti gụnyere iwu sodomy steeti. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ profaịlụ nke ndị a mara ikpe imebi iwu sodomy, a nabatara iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sodomy stricken from DNA-testing bill (1994-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sodomy stricken from DNA-testing bill|work=The Pillar|page=7|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=1994-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise megide nnabata nke iwu Utah nke machibidoro ịnakwere Alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị. Onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Ikpe nke Midvale mechara maa ya ikpe ịkwụ ụgwọ $iri ise na ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị isii maka ime ihe nnupụisi obodo iji mee mkpesa megide iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bill drafted to bolster ban on homosexual marriages (1995-02-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Bill drafted to bolster ban on homosexual marriages|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-02-09|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010A1DFC6EAB08D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bill prevents legalization of same-sex marriages (1995-02-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Scharman|first=Christopher|title=Bill prevents legalization of same-sex marriages|work=The Daily Herald|publisher=Pulitzer Inc.|date=1995-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ban on gay marriages to be annulled? (1995-03-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Ban on gay marriages to be annulled?|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-03|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010CEA23A2EDED9&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Same-sex-marriage bill ruled legal (1995-03-04)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Same-sex-marriage bill ruled legal|work=Deseret News|page=A-10|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-03-04|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360CA36FCDEDFF&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays, lesbians vow marriage-ban fight (1995-03-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays, lesbians vow marriage-ban fight|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010CED6AD0F2F97&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah may ignore gay unions groups threat (1995-03-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Utah may ignore gay unions groups threat|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010DA9E1F6A7AA5&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Most oppose legalizing gay marriages (1995-03-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Most oppose legalizing gay marriages|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-03-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360CB7B1992089&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nnabata nke iwu Utah nke gbochiri Klọb ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBT na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah senators hold secret anti-gay meet (1996-02-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Utah senators hold secret anti-gay meet|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-01|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD1F0F6CF838F&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anti-gay meet: Secret's out, anger sets in (1996-02-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Anti-gay meet: Secret's out, anger sets in|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-02|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD4110E6F8BE6&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;West, Highland seek OK for gay clubs (1996-02-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Groutage|first=Hilary|title=West, Highland seek OK for gay clubs|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-06|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD2423814E236&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bills aim to keep gay students in closet (1996-02-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Bills aim to keep gay students in closet|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-4|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD2EAAB3E355B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sponsors say 2 club bills are constitutionally sound (1996-02-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Sponsors say 2 club bills are constitutionally sound|work=Deseret News|page=A-12|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-02-13|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YvBHAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5176,7583121|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lawmakers return to take on gay clubs (1996-04-17)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Lawmakers return to take on gay clubs|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-04-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FCDA7EC761221&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato  megide nnabata nke Utah Office of the Attorney General amicus curiae brief nke ga-emegide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke [[Vermont]] nke Baker v. State of Vermont No. 98-032   &lt;ref name=&quot;Gays policy a no-win for Graham (1998-05-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fahys|first=Judy|title=Gays policy a no-win for Graham|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-05-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F37949F0CCACB&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka nkwado nke iwu Utah nke ga-agbanwe iwu sodomy nke steeti site na iwepu ndokwa nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US kpebiri na afo puku abuo na ato ka ọ ghara ịdị n'usoro iwu na echiche ya banyere Lawrence v. [[Texas]]   A tụleghị iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson seeks sodomy law repeal (2007-01-16)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson seeks sodomy law repeal|work=QSaltLake|page=7|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC.|date=2007-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S.B. 169 Sodomy Amendments (2007)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=McCoy|first=Scott D.|title=S.B. 169 Sodomy Amendments|work=2007 General Session|publisher=Utah Legislature|year=2007|url=http://le.utah.gov/~2007/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0169.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=2012-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401020415/http://le.utah.gov/~2007/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0169.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah nke ga-amachibido inwe Mgbọ zoro ezo na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke steeti, ma nye ohere ka onye bi n'ụlọ ihi ụra rịọ naanị ndị otu ụlọ na-enweghị ikike iburu égbè zoro ezumike. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ, a nabatakwara iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Against gun restrictions (2007-02-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kjolseth|first=Francisco|title=Against gun restrictions (Photograph)|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2007-02-14|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5223659&amp;itype=NGPSID|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa ụlọ ọrụ Salt Lake County nke machibidoro inwe ngwá agha na ebe mgbakọ abụọ dị na mpaghara, ma chọọ ka ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ gbasaa ihe mgbochi ahụ nye ndị ọbịa ha. Utah Pride Center agbatịla ihe mgbochi ahụ nye ndị ọbịa nke ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBT-na-eme kwa afọ nke e mepụtara na Salt Palace Convention Center.

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah Pride Festival nke machibidoro inwe ngwá agha niile na mmemme ahụ. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ mmachibido iwu nke ngwá agha iwu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, onye ọrụ Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Salt Lake City jidere ya, jụọ ya ajụjụ ma wepụ ya n'ememme ahụ mgbe ndị ọrụ ememme ahụ mere mkpesa banyere inwe égbè a na-ezochaghị ezo. O tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa na mkpesa $ 25,000 megide Salt Lake City Corp., ma nata mgbaghara site n'aka onyeisi ndị uwe ojii.   &lt;ref name=&quot;Rolly: The competing rights of packing a gun and peaceable assembly (2007-06-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=Rolly: The competing rights of packing a gun and peaceable assembly|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2007-06-09|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=6102977&amp;itype=NGPSID|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Police chief apologizes for gay gun activist's ejection from Pride (2007-08-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=Joselle|title=Police chief apologizes for gay gun activist's ejection from Pride|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC.|date=2007-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2007: Year in review (2008-01-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=Joselle|title=2007: Year in review|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2008-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cold dead hands&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=City Weekly Staff|title=Best of Utah 2008: Media &amp; politics—Best 'Cold dead hands'|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2008-04-02|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-1811-best-of-utah-2008-media-politics.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na iri maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa nke Utah Bureau of Criminal Identification nke gbochiri inye ikike ịgba égbè zoro ezo na steeti maka ndị a mara ikpe maka imebi iwu sodomy steeti. Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo puku abuo na iri  ruo afo puku abuo na iri na abuo maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa nke Utah Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing nke na-egbochi inye ndị mmadụ akwụkwọ ikikere maka imebi iwu sodomy nke steeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction (2011-01-17)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah State Bulletin (2010-12-01; DAR File No. 34222)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Moffat|first=Alice|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Notice of Proposed Rule|edition=23|date=2010-12-01|location=Salt Lake City|pages=61–63|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2010/b20101201.pdf|accessdate=April 18, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah State Bulletin (2012-03-01; DAR File No. 35853)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Steinagel|first=Mark|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Five-Year Notices of Review and Statements of Continuation|edition=5|date=2012-03-01|location=Salt Lake City|pages=103–104|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2012/b20120301.pdf|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah State Bulletin (2012-03-01; DAR File No. 35860)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Steinagel|first=Mark|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Five-Year Notices of Review and Statements of Continuation|edition=5|date=2012-03-01|location=Salt Lake City|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2012/b20120301.pdf|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ ndị agha ===
Dị ka onye na-akwado nnwere onwe na onye ndú pati, Nelson guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù ndị metụtara LGBT na Utah ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado iwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu LGBT-enyi na enyi mba, steeti na mpaghara, na ịjụ iwu ndị ọzọ.

==== Nhazi ====
[[Usòrò:David_Nelson_(Utah_activist)_with_Vice_President_Al_Gore_in_1996.jpg|alt=David Nelson shaking hands with U.S. Vice President Al Gore|thumb|David Nelson na nzukọ ya na osote onye isi ala US Al Gore na Washington na 1996]]
Nelson guzobere Gay and Lesbian Utah Democrats na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu iji sonye na Utah Democratic Party - otu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. Ìgwè ahụ jikọtara ọrụ nke otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kọmitii na-akpata ego na otu lobbying. Na nnọkọ mbụ ya na steeti na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu, ndị nta akụkọ KUTV Television kpọrọ otu ahụ &quot;ụlọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ&quot;, ọ ghọkwara otu n'ime nnukwu caucuses na pati ahụ. Otu ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ ịnakọta ego na lobbying na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa, mana ọ nọgidere na-abụ caucus. Ọ lara ezumike nká na afo puku abuo na otu site na idu ndú otu ahụ, a gụgharịrị aha otu ahụ dị ka Utah Stonewall Democrats.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grossman|first=Steve|title=1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement|publisher=Democratic National Committee|date=1998-09-26|location=Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A brief history of lesbians and gays in Utah (1995-03-27)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fight for gay rights can be exhausting (Sidebar)|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=D-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-27|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010CFC8F74F1AFA&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Welcoming the World: The History of Salt Lake County (1996-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sillitoe|first=Linda|title=Welcoming the World: The History of Salt Lake County|publisher=Utah State Historical Society|date=January 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8j9NAAAACAAJ|isbn=978-0-9651857-0-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utah Democrats group to disband at end of year (1996-11-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utah Democrats group to disband at end of year|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-11-05|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ee5LAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4466,3617943|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utah Democrats will fold organization (1996-11-06)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utah Democrats will fold organization|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;How gay, lesbian politics came out of closet in Utah (1998-01-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=How gay, lesbian politics came out of closet in Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=AA-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100F249C5235651B&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors (1998-10)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=October 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Former Utah Democratic Party exec remembered by queer-rights leaders (2012-03-08)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bracken|first=Seth|title=Former Utah Democratic Party exec remembered by queer-rights leaders|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2012-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mepụtara netwọk mba nke ndị otu LGBT na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise iji weghachite nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ha nke dị na Washington National Association of Gay and Lesbian Democratic Clubs site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa. O nyere aka chọta National Stonewall Democratic Federation nke dị na Washington na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii iji sonye na Kọmitii Mba Democratic. U.S. Rep. Barney Frank nke [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] mepụtara njikọ ahụ mgbe ọ gbara ya ume na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato ka ọ sonye dị ka National Stonewall Democrats nke Washington. E hiwere otu ahụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu. &lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference (1996-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ haziri ndị Utah na-eme enyi nwoke na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii iji gaa nzukọ nke ndị LGBT Democrats na Osote Onye isi ala US Al Gore na Indian Treaty Room nke Old Executive Office Building na Washington.&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference (1996-03-01)&quot;/&gt;

O nyeere ndị ọrụ aka n'ihe ngosi National Rifle Association of America na afo puku abuo na ise na Utah Democratic Convention .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Democrats back gun rights (2005-05-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay Democrats back gun rights|work=Deseret News|page=B-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2005-05-07|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600132111/gay-democrats-back-gun-rights.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays with guns invited to Demo convention (2005-05-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays with guns invited to Demo convention|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nchịkwa ====
Nelson jere ozi na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu dị ka onye otu ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke Kọmitii Mba Democratic maka ndị na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala gụnyere Gov. Bill Clinton nke [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]] na nzukọ kọmitii na Los Angeles.&lt;ref name=&quot;1992 Democratic candidates span spectrum of ideologies (1991-09-22)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Daley|first=Steve|title=1992 Democratic candidates span spectrum of ideologies|work=Chicago Tribune|page=OL|publisher=Tribune Co.|date=1991-09-22|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-09-22/news/9103120030_1_president-bush-next-year-harkin-democratic-national-committee|accessdate=2012-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise dị ka onye otu Salt Lake County Democratic Party Constitutional Committee . &lt;ref name=&quot;Constitution of the Salt Lake County Democratic Party (2012-04-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.slcountydems.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;Itemid=37|title=Constitution of the Salt Lake County Democratic Party|date=2012-04-14|work=SLCountyDems.com|publisher=Salt Lake County Democratic Party|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=October 31, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031025051/http://www.slcountydems.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;Itemid=37}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere mkpọsa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke Utah Democratic Party - mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ nke otu nnukwu pati na steeti ahụ. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'etiti ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị abụọ mgbe mkpọsa ya nwetara  vootu nari abuo na iri abuo na itolu. &lt;ref name=&quot;2 seek Demo chairmanship, but race is unlikely to heat up (1993-06-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=2 seek Demo chairmanship, but race is unlikely to heat up|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1993-06-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3607B09175B51D&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Demo unity: Jones to lead Utah party (1993-06-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=Demo unity: Jones to lead Utah party|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-06-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10112DA2EC6E8D65&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones unanimous choice to lead Democrats (1993-06-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jones unanimous choice to lead Democrats|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-06-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10112DAD59F7A0B3&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere mkpọsa nke ọma na afo out puku nari itolu na Iri itolu na isii maka ntuli aka Utah Democratic Party iji jee ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya nwoke na nwanyị na Democratic National Convention na [[Chicago]] na dị ka onye nduzi Utah LGBT-outreach maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Clinton-Gore. O mere mkpọsa nke ọma na afo puku abuo  maka ntuli aka Utah Democratic Party ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya nwoke idina nwoke na Democratic National Convention na Los Angeles na dịka onye nduzi Utah LGBT-outreach maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Gore-Lieberman.&lt;ref name=&quot;1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors (1998-10)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Labor makes big showing in delegation (1996-08-23)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Labor makes big showing in delegation|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-23|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=afdLAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4706,4495104|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;[5][6][5]&lt;ref name=&quot;Committee named of Utah gays and lesbians for Gore (2000-03-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Committee named of Utah gays and lesbians for Gore|work=The Pillar|page=10|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=2000-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utahns fear ties to Clinton (2000-08-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Romboy|first=Dennis|title=Utahns fear ties to Clinton|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3655F9D272B2C4&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yes, there are Democrats from Utah (2000-08-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Greg|title=Yes, there are Democrats from Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-9|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E9E17F932BE65&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;El Segundo mayor returns Utah Democrats' favor (2000-08-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=El Segundo mayor returns Utah Democrats' favor|work=Deseret News|page=A-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3655FC3A32F3C7&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah Democrats carry more conservative credentials to L.A. (2000-08-15)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Utah Democrats carry more conservative credentials to L.A.|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-10|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-15|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E9E40085921A0&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah delegates say Gore not uptight as he seems (2000-08-18)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Utah delegates say Gore not uptight as he seems|work=Deseret News|page=A-9|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-18|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-zxOAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6743,912964|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Democrats eager for Utah battle (2000-08-19)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Democrats eager for Utah battle|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100E9E88141FC696&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay delegate says Dole could reverse gains (1996-08-27)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Lee|title=Gay delegate says Dole could reverse gains|work=Deseret News|page=A-3|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-27|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bfdLAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5207,7848599|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Convention includes shock as well as thrills for Utah's delegates (1996-08-30)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Lee|title=Convention includes shock as well as thrills for Utah's delegates|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah delegates and alternates to the 1996 Democratic National Convention (1996-09-03)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Utah delegates and alternates to the 1996 Democratic National Convention|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-09-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay supporters of Clinton take part in coming-out rally (1996-10-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay supporters of Clinton take part in coming-out rally|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-10-21|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F364644E76ECC06&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Demos expect religious link between Lieberman, Utahns (2000-08-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Romboy|first=Dennis|title=Demos expect religious link between Lieberman, Utahns|work=Deseret News|page=A-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F3655EDDF31C87E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gino Kalu ka Utah?’s Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo puku abuo na ato ruo afo puku abuo na ano dị ka onye nhazi nwoke na nwoke na Utah maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Wesley Clark.

==== Iwu ====
Nelson gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii maka itinye ndị ọkà okwu LGBT na nzukọ Democratic National Committee Policy Commission na Salt Lake City site n'aka onye isi oche kọmitii na onye bụbu Gọvanọ Utah Scott M. Matheson Sr.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gays want spot on Demo's family panel (1986-03-20)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gays want spot on Demo's family panel|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Utah gays want say in Dem policy (1986-03-25)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gurwell|first=Lance|title=Utah gays want say in Dem policy|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Company Inc.|date=1986-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Demos limit agenda, not the right to speak up (1986-04-02)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Demos limit agenda, not the right to speak up|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1986-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay presence felt at Demo policy commission (1986-05)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay presence felt at Demo policy commission|work=Triangle Magazine|page=7|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=May 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka nhọpụta nke ndị Utah na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha ka ha bụrụ ndị otu Utah Democratic Party - nhọpụta mbụ dị otú ahụ site n'aka otu nnukwu pati na steeti ahụ. O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na asaa dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Na-anọgide na-anọgide nke ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na Kọmitii na-anọgidesi ike na ntuziaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Demo chief hailed for naming 4 gays to party committees (1993-08-12)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Demo chief hailed for naming 4 gays to party committees|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1993-08-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F36080F398DE145&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Democratic chairman defends appointments of gays to committee posts (1993-08-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Democratic chairman defends appointments of gays to committee posts|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka ịnakwere nkatọ nke Utah Democratic Party nke Utah House of Representatives Democratic Whip Rep. Kelly C. Atkinson mgbe ọ kọwara LGBT Democrats dị ka otu &quot;na-abụghị&quot; na nkọwa nke akwụkwọ ''Akụkọ Deseret'' News bipụtara. Atkinson mechara kwuo na ọ kwara ụta maka ojiji o ji nkọwa ahụ mee ihe. Mgbalị a katọrọ bụ ihe mere ndị Democrats na ndị isi pati ji akatọ Nelson, ma gwa ndị isi Gay na Lesbian Utah Democrats n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii ka ha kwụsị ịkọwa otu ahụ dị ka Democratic. Nelson na ndị isi otu ndị ọzọ jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Column by Democratic whip inflames gay-rights groups (1995-01-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Column by Democratic whip inflames gay-rights groups|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1010A00476F15D0C&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay group wants Demo 'censored' (1995-01-11)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gay group wants Demo 'censored'|work=Deseret News|page=A-8|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360E7B0404637F&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gay Demos won't stage protest (1995-01-13)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Gay Demos won't stage protest|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-01-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=DSNB&amp;d_place=DSNB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F360E7ED717EDC7&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Demos ask gays to lower profile (1996-02-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Demos ask gays to lower profile|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD290ED8D7776&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lawmakers accused of gay-bashing (1996-02-07)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Spangler|first=Jerry|title=Lawmakers accused of gay-bashing|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-02-07|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XPBHAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2576,3675122|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Politics: Demos play it straight (1996-02-14)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Politics: Demos play it straight|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1996-02-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Politics: Inconvenient friends (1996-11-21)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Politics: Inconvenient friends|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1996-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere, kwado ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka nnabata nke mkpebi nke Utah Democratic Party nke kwadoro nnabata nke Iwu Ọrụ Na-enweghị Ịkpa ókè nke gọọmentị etiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;GLUD sponsors state Democratic resolution (1995-12-01)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=GLUD sponsors state Democratic resolution|work=The Pillar|page=9|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1995-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nkwa mkpọsa nke onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic maka U.S. House of Representatives Ross C. &quot;Rocky&quot; Anderson iji megide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị ma &quot;na-atụ vootu ọchịchọ ndị m na-atụ voote&quot; ma ọ bụrụ na a họpụtara ya na Congress n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-akwado ikike alụmdi na eze. Anderson katọrọ Nelson na ndị ọzọ na-emegide mgbanwe echiche Anderson, ma kwuo na ọ pụghị &quot;ikwere na ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-ezo na-echere ka ha gbaa m égbè ugbu a&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson: I'll put aside support for gay marriage (1996-07-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Anderson: I'll put aside support for gay marriage|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-07-09|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&amp;p_theme=sltb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=100FD5FEB944B234&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson clarifies stand on same-sex unions (1996-07-09)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Anderson clarifies stand on same-sex unions|work=Deseret News|page=B-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-07-09|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/500680/anderson-clarifies-stand-on-same-sex-unions.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwado ===
[[Usòrò:David_Nelson_(Utah_activist)_Salt_Lake_County_joint_commemorative_resolution_in_2012.jpg|alt=Salt Lake County joint Commemorative Resolution signed by mayor and nine council members|thumb|Mkpebi ncheta jikọrọ aka nke Salt Lake County nyere David Nelson na 2012]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nelson, David}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]]
[[Òtù:Igbo wikiped]]</text>
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    <title>Shulamith Behr</title>
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'''Shulamith Behr''' (1946 - 2023) bụ onye nkuzi dị elu, yana onye nyocha nsọpụrụ na Courtauld Institute of Art . Ọ bụ ọkachamara na 20th Century German Expressionism, nwere mmasị pụrụ iche na ndị inyom German na Swedish. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Shulamith Behr|url=https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=The Courtauld|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-10-26|title=WITSReview Magazine, October 2023, Vol 50 by Wits Alumni Relations - Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/witsalumnirelations/docs/wits_review_october_2023_issuu_nov10?fr=sNzQ0YzY3ODc1MDI|accessdate=2023-11-02|work=issuu.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Behr na [[South Africa]], wee nweta akara ugo mmụta BA Honors na Fine Arts na 1969, site na Mahadum Witwatersrand, na-emeri ihe nrite Henri Lidchi dị ka onye kacha elu na-agụsị akwụkwọ na History of Art. Na 1971 ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta klaasị mbụ na History of Art, wee nọrọ dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum Witwatersrand ruo 1978. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Shulamith Behr|url=https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=The Courtauld|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/ &quot;Dr Shulamith Behr&quot;]. ''The Courtauld''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-08-29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Behr gụchara akwụkwọ ya na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], na-enweta MA na Art History na Mahadum Manchester, na PhD na Art History na Theory na Mahadum Essex . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shulamith Behr|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/author/behr-shulamith|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=Jewish Women's Archive|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Behr sonyeere ngalaba nke Courtauld Institute of Art na 1990, dị ka Bosch Lecturer na German Art. N'afọ 2000, a họpụtara ya Onye isi nkuzi na Art German Art nke Twentieth-Century, na 2012 ka akpọrọ onye otu onye nyocha nsọpụrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Shulamith Behr|url=https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=The Courtauld|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/ &quot;Dr Shulamith Behr&quot;]. ''The Courtauld''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-08-29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọkachamara na-eduga na ngalaba nke German Expressionism, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=June 2023, #1443 – Vol 165 {{!}} − The Burlington Magazine|url=https://www.burlington.org.uk/archive/back-issues/202306|accessdate=2023-09-29|work=www.burlington.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-ebipụta na / ma ọ bụ na-edezi akwụkwọ 10, na-edozi ihe ngosi 4 na inye aka na katalọgụ ihe ngosi na United Kingdom na [[Jémanị|Germany]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Shulamith Behr|url=https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=The Courtauld|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://courtauld.ac.uk/people/shulamith-behr/ &quot;Dr Shulamith Behr&quot;]. ''The Courtauld''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-08-29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2007/08 o jidere ọkwa Leverhulme na CASSH Research Fellow na Mahadum Cambridge. [https://www.akofoundation.org/the-arts/ AKO Foundation] nyere ọkwa maka nsọpụrụ nke Behr, Tangen Reader na 20th Century Modernism, na mkpali nke nwa akwụkwọ mbụ ya, Nicolai Tangen . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

* ''Women Artists in Expressionism: Site Alaeze Ukwu ruo Ntọhapụ'', Princeton University Press, Princeton na Oxford, 2022 ISBN 9780691044620 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women Artists in Expressionism: From Empire to Emancipation - Google Search|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Women+Artists+in+Expressionism:+From+Empire+to+Emancipation|accessdate=2023-09-29|work=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Nkwupụta okwu,'' mmegharị Tate na nka ọgbara ọhụrụ, mbipụta akwụkwọ Tate Gallery, [[London]], 1999; Cambridge University Press, New York, 2000: sụgharịa n'asụsụ itoolu (Brazil Portuguese, Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish and Korean) ISBN 978-1-8543-7252-9 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Behr|first=Shulamith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UStQgAACAAJ|title=Expressionism|date=2000-04-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-78299-9|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Arts in Exile na Britain 1933-1945.'' ''Ọchịchị na njirimara omenala'' , Yearbook No. 6, Research Center for German and Austrian Exile Studies, Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies, Dezie na Marian Malet University of London, Rodopi Press, Amsterdam na New York, 2005, ISBN 90-420-1786-4 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Behr|first=Shulamith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=liQao7myLLsC|title=Arts in Exile in Britain 1933-1945: Politics and Cultural Identity|date=2005|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-1786-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''N'etiti ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Studio: Conrad Felixmüller (1897-1977'' ), ed. Shulamit Behr na Amanda. Wadsley, New Walk Museum na Art Gallery, Leicester, 1994, ISBN 085022 3652 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Felixmüller|first=Conrad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn0FwAEACAAJ|title=Conrad Felixmüller 1897-1977: Between Politics and the Studio|date=1994|publisher=Leicestershire Museums, Arts and Records Service|isbn=978-0-85022-365-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Atụleghachi nkwuwa okwu'', ed. Shulamith Behr, David Fanning na Douglas Jarman, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1993, ISBN 9780719038433 ''hardback''  ''akwụkwọ akụkọ'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Behr|first=Shulamith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6H67AAAAIAAJ|title=Expressionism Reassessed|date=1993|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-3844-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ụmụ nwanyị Expressionists'', Phaidon, Oxford/Rizzoli, New York, 1988, ISBN 0-7148-2510 -7 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Goodreads|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3274900-women-expressionists|accessdate=2023-09-29|work=Goodreads|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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    <title>Wolf Kibel</title>
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 [[File:Wolf Kibel Portrait of the Artist.jpg|thumb|Wolf Kibel]]

'''Wolf Kibel''' (16 Disemba 1903 - 29 June 1938) &lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ebi akwụkwọ na South Africa. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara iwebata Expressionism na South Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Donker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fransen|first=Hans|title=Three Centuries of South African Art|year=1982|publisher=Ad. Donker (Pty) Ltd|location=Johannesburg|isbn=0-86852-012-8|pages=289–292}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe osise ya na monotypes emeela ka a mara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'eziokwu na onye nwere onyinye.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
[[Usòrò:Wolf_Kibel,_Studio,_oil_on_canvas,_500_x_300_mm.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Studio, mmanụ na ákwà, 500 x 300 mm, Sanlam Art Collection]]
A mụrụ Wolf Kibel na Grodzisk Mazowiecki, shtetl 32 km site na Warsaw, na Russian Poland.

Nna Kibel si n'ezinụlọ ndị na-abụ abụ, ndị obodo were ha n'ọrụ n'ọrụ hazzan na shochet.  A na-akwụ ya ụgwọ nke ọma ma nwee ike ịkwado ezinụlọ buru ibu, nke Wolf bụ nwa nwoke nke atọ na nwa nke ise nke isii.  Ezinụlọ ahụ nwere ọmarịcha nka;  Ọ bụghị nanị na nna ya na-abụ abụ ọkachamara, ma pịrị apị miniatures, dere cantorial music, dere amaokwu na mere bookbinding.  Wolf sonyeere n'òtù ukwe nna ya zụrụ  wee kpụrụ grotesques site na nkume mmanụ nna ya.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ e zigara ya ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara ka ọ nwe kụzie na omenala ndị Juu .  Na 1911, mgbe Wolf dị afọ asatọ, nna ya nwụrụ, na-ahapụ ezinụlọ ha enweghị nkwado ego.Na ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ha kpebiri ịkwaga Warsaw.  N'ebe ahụ ka a mụrụ Wolf n'ịgba akwụkwọ, mana ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ a mgbe ihe mberede gasịrị.  Ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri na Grodzisk Mazowiecki na Wolf wee mụọ onye na-emepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ.  O doro anya na nke a adịghị amasị ya nke ukwuu wee gbaga n'ime ime obodo ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e kwere ka ọ na-eme ihe osise na eserese ya n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu enyi ndị ikwu anyị bi na Lọndọn, aha ya bụ Appelbaum, lere ezinụlọ ha anya mgbe ọ gara Poland ite ụlọ nzukọ.  Ọ bụ oge mbụ onye ọkachamara na-ese ihe hụrụ ọrụ Wolf.  Appelbaum kpọọrọ ya gaa Warsaw, bụ ebe ọ zutere ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ, na-eleta ụlọ ngosi nka ma gụọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ oge.  Ihe osise Jozef Israëls masịrị ya ma nwee mmasị na foto Jan Matejko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mmalite na njem ==

=== Vienna ===
Mgbe Nkwekọrịta nke Versailles, nke a bịanyere aka na 28 June 1919, ndị Poland na-ahụ maka mba ha sonyere n'oké mkpagbu. Mmegide a, tinyere atụmanya nke ịbanye n'ọrụ agha, mere ka Wolf gaa Paris na 1923. Ọ gafere Czechoslovakia wee rute Vienna ọtụtụ ọnwa ka e mesịrị, ebe ọ gara kilomita 524 n'ụkwụ. &amp;nbsp;Ọgwụgwụ nke agha ahụ bụkwa njedebe nke Austria-Hungary, Vienna bụkwa obodo dara ogbenye nke jupụtara na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;DeWaal&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=De Waal|first=Edmund|title=The Hare with Amber Eyes|year=2010|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=New York|isbn=978-0-374-10597-6|url=https://archive.org/details/harewithambereye00edmu_0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe obibi dị ụkọ ma Kibel na-ehi ụra ugboro ugboro na Wiener Prater.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-ere ihe ochie mere ka ọ mata onye na-ese foto [[Edmund Pick-Morino]]. Pick-Morino hụrụ Kibel dị ka onye nkwado, onye ọgaranya na-echekwa ego, ma nye ya ohere ise ihe nlereanya ya, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị ọha na eze, na-eyi ihe nkpuchi. O yiri ka ọ matara ọrụ Oskar Kokoschka. Otú ọ dị, ndụ ya dara ogbenye n'oge na-adịghị anya gwụrụ ya, ebe ọ na-enweghị ike ịga Paris na-enweghị akwụkwọ, Pick-Morino mere ka ọ gaa Palestine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jerusalem ===
[[Usòrò:Bezalel,_1913.jpg|thumb|Ihe owuwu Bezalel, Jerusalem, 1913]]
Na 1925, Kibel hapụrụ Vienna gaa Haifa, mesịakwa gaa Jerusalem, na-ebute ịba n'ụzọ.  Na Jerusalem ọ gara ozugbo gaa ụlọ ọgwụ, e wee wepụ ya mgbe ụbọchị abụọ gachara, ọ ka na-arịakwa ọrịa.  Peripatetic na enweghị ebe obibi, nanị ihe onwunwe ya bụ akwụkwọ ozi mmeghe nye onye nduzi nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Art Bezalel, Boris Shatz, sitere na Pick-Morino.  Ihe osise ụlọ akwụkwọ Bezalel nke ịhụ mba n'anya wutere ya nke a tụrụ anya ka ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ see, wee kpebie ịga Tel Aviv..&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tel Aviv ===
Ọ ka na-arịa ọrịa ịba na enweghị ego, ọ na-ehi ụra n'ụsọ osimiri. Nanị ihu ọma ya bịara mgbe ọ gara leta nwa nwanne nne ya, onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka mbata na ọpụpụ, onye kpọgara ya na dọkịta onwe ya maka usoro ọgwụ Salvarsan, nke gwọrọ ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu enyi ya aha ya bụ Popek, onye na-ebi n'obere ugbo mmiri ara ehi dị na mpụga Tel Aviv, ya na nwunye ya, kpọọrọ ya bata. Mgbe Kibel siri ọnwụ na ha agaghị etinye aka n'obiọma ha wee mee ka ọ pụọ, Popek kụgidere ya akwụkwọ nzọpụta ya.  iji ego zuru ezu ka ọ chọta ụlọ n'obodo ahụ.  Ugbu a n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, ọ zutere ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe, ghọọ enyi na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Yitzhak Frenkel, onye nọrọla afọ asaa na Paris.  Ọ bụ ezie na ha nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ọnụ, Wolf agaghị abụ nwa akwụkwọ Frenkel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ na Tel Aviv ka Wolf ga-ezute nwunye ya n'ọdịnihu Freda, site na akụkọ ya, ha bụ akụkụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke otu ndị na-eto eto na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ, ndị na-akatọ ihe na ndị nwere oké ọchịchọ na-ahọrọ ise ihe, akwụkwọ, egwu, ihe nkiri, ọbụna egwuregwu karịa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ndị na-ese ihe na-anụbigara okpukpe ọkụ n'obi ókè n'inwe mmasị n'ebe Paul Cézanne nọ, ruo n'ókè nke iṅomi ndị ohu. Kibel hụrụ omume a dị ize ndụ ma na-ekwupụtakarị nkwenkwe ya na ndị enyi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kibel nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ebe Marc Chagall nọ, onye ọrụ ya weere dị ka ihe pụtara ìhè nke eserese nke oge a.  Ọ banyekwara n'ọrụ Henri Matisse ma nwee mmasị na usoro iwu ya nwere nkà.
[[Usòrò:Bialik_Street_House_1924.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ Bialik, Tel Aviv, 1924]]
Ndị isi mgbasa ozi Kibel na Tel Aviv bụ mmiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na ihe osise ojii na ọcha, na-achọ njikwa siri ike, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-akpọnwụ ngwa ngwa ma na-esiri ike idozi njehie. Nke a bụkwa n'ihi mkpa ego, ebe ọ bụ na mmanụ na-adị oke ọnụ. Kibel ga-amalite ise ihe na mmanụ mgbe otu Dr. Zlockisty wepụtara onwe ya iji nye ihe ndị dị mkpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zutere onye Hibru a ma ama na-ede uri Hayim Nahman Bialik, onye kwadoro ọrụ ya. Ha ghọrọ ezigbo ndị enyi.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe afọ anọ gachara na Palestine, Kibel gafere ule nwa amaala n'asụsụ Hibru wee bụrụ nwa amaala Palestine.  Ọ bụ onye na-enweghị obodo kemgbe a mụrụ ya.  N'otu aka ahụ, akwụkwọ nkwupụta sitere n'aka nwanne ya nwoke Sam, onye biri na Cape Town, South Africa.  Affidavit ahụ nyere ya ikike ibi na Union of South Africa.  Nwanne Kibel amaghị na ya nwere nwunye, Freda gakwara Kraków na December 1928 bụ́ ebe ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cape Town ===
Kibel rutere Cape Town na 27 Jun 1929, ụbọchị a mụrụ nwa ha nwoke Joseph na Kraków.  Ya na nwanne ya nwoke bi, onye bụ onye cantor n'ụlọ nzukọ dị n'ogige ụlọ ọrụ, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, ha chọpụtara na ha ahụghị anya n'ihu n'ịchụso ọrụ nka ya, ma na-akwa ụta maka ịkwaga South Africa.  N'oge na-adịghị anya Kibel gara ụlọ n'ụlọ Roza van Gelden, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, bụ́ onye nyekwara ya ụlọ ihe nkiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ iji nweta ihe mmụta.

Ebe ngosi nka dị na Cape Town enweghị mmasị na Kibel, ọ chọpụtakwara na ụmụ amaala ya enweghị mmasị na eserese. O kpebiri ime ihe ngosi na Martin Melck House na Disemba 1931, na ebumnuche nke ịnakọta ego iji sonyere nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke na Tel Aviv. Ọrụ ya nwetara iwe site n'aka ọha na eze na ndị na-akatọ nka, ọkachasị Bernard Lewis nke Die Burger, ndị na-amaghị ma ọ bụ na-emegide ndị na-eme ihe nkiri avant-garde nke oge ahụ. Ndị a ma ama bụ onye nkuzi nka Frank Barrington Craig, onye toro ihe ngosi ya, na onye na-ese ihe [[Hugo Naudé]], onye nwere mmasị nke ukwuu ịkpọ Kibel n'ụlọ ya na Worcester.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kibel weere ọkpụkpọ òkù ileta Hugo Naudé na nwunye ya, nọrọ na ya, ma mụta usoro etching na studio ya.  Obiọma nke ndị Naudés mere ka Wolf na Freda kwenye na Paris ga-esi ike ime mgbanwe na Freda na Joseph rutere Cape Town na 19 January 1933. Freda Kibel na-edekọ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu site na ndụ na iji mgbasa ozi dịgasị iche iche: pastel.  , mmanụ, watercolor, tempera, nzu, pen, etching na ndị ọzọ.  Mmetụta nke Matisse yiri ka ọ kwụsịrị iji kwado ụdị onwe onye mepụtara.

Kibel kwagara ụlọ ọrụ ya n'ụlọ mebiri emebi na Roeland Street, Cape Town, nke a na-akpọ Palm Studios, nke ya na enyi ya na onye na-ese ihe [[Lippy Lipshitz]], onye ka si Paris lọta. Ndị na-ese ihe na-ewere ụmụ akwụkwọ iji mụbaa obere ego ha na-enweta.

Ihe ngosi 1935 ya na Ashbey's Gallery, nke Lipshitz meghere, zutere mmejọ ọha ọzọ, mana nyocha dị mma nke Melvin Simmers nke Cape Times, n'okpuru isiokwu Virile ngosi nke Wolf Kibel.Ihe ngosi ya nke dara ugboro ugboro, ọmụmụ nwa nke abụọ, nke a na-akpọ Erọn, na ịkpọasị n'ozuzu maka nka ya, mechara bute esemokwu n'etiti ndị na-ese ihe na nchụpụ ha na 1937.

== Nkà ya ==
[[Usòrò:Wolf_Kibel,_Interior,_oil_on_canvas,_310_x_670_mm.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|300x300px|Ime ya na àkwà, mmanụ n'elu ákwà, 310 x 670 mm, Sanlam Art Collection]]
 
A na-akpọkarị Wolf Kibel dị ka onye na-ese okwu, mana okwu ya enweghị obi ụtọ nke Irma Stern ma ọ bụ àgwà pastor nke Maggie Laubser.Ọ kekọrịtaghị iwe mgbanwe nke ndị mbụ Expressionists na mmetụta ya ruru Matisse, Chagall na Soutine.  Dị ka Chagall na Soutine, ọ bụ onye [[Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke|Eastern Europe]], na nanị onye Juu, mmịpụta.  Dị ka Soutine, ọ ga-eji usoro ihe osise eme ihe, nke nwere nnukwu ọgbaghara na akara nkwuwapụta.

Kibel bụ onye na-eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma ọ jụrụ inye nkọwa, tinye aka na okwu ahịa ma ọ bụ ọbụna ịbịanye aka na ụbọchị ọrụ ya. N'ihi nke a, ọ na-eleda ihe ngosi anya, o doro anya na ọ masịghị ya n'ihu ọha ma ọ bụ ndị nkatọ. Ma ọ na-emetụta ụkpụrụ mmadụ nke ukwuu ma nke a mere ka ọ zere ihe mara mma, dị ka Malay Quarter dara ogbenye na Cape Town, nke a na-egwupụta n'akwụsịghị akwụsị maka foto ndị a na-ere ere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa nke a ka nwunye ya ga-ekwu na ọ na-enwe mmasị na Rembrandt.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot; /&gt;
[[Usòrò:Wolf_Kibel_Nude_on_Chair_monotype.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|''N'elu oche'', monotype, 229 x 229 mm]]
Mmetụta ya nyere ya 'ikike ime ka ihe dị ndụ ma nye ndụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma n'ihi ihe ha maara nke ọma'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Donker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fransen|first=Hans|title=Three Centuries of South African Art|year=1982|publisher=Ad. Donker (Pty) Ltd|location=Johannesburg|isbn=0-86852-012-8|pages=289–292}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFransen1982&quot;&gt;Fransen, Hans (1982). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OurArt&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Our Art 2|year=1961|publisher=South African Association for the Advancement of Knowledge and Culture|location=Pretoria|pages=67–71}}&lt;/ref&gt; Freda Kibel na-eji Interior na àkwà dị ka ihe atụ, ebe mgbagwoju anya nke ọhụụ na-echetara Van Gogh.[1] Akpụkpọ ahụ ya na-echetara nke Renoir.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Donker&quot; /&gt;
[[Usòrò:Wolf_Kibel,_Nude_Study,_oil_on_canvas_on_board,_290_x_195_mm.jpg|thumb|Nnyocha ọtọ, mmanụ n'elu ákwà n'ụgbọ, 290 x 195 mm, Sanlam Art Collection]]
Kibel bụ onye mbụ gosipụtara monotypes na South Africa na ọnụ ọgụgụ, karịsịa na prestigious 1936 Empire Exhibition na Johannesburg. N'ịrụ ọrụ site na mpempe ígwè, o wetara ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe zuru oke na nkwanye ùgwù dị ka ụdị nka.

== Ihe ngosi ikpeazụ na ọrịa ==
Kibel nọwo na-arịa ọrịa ruo oge ụfọdụ tupu ngosi ya na 1937. Ọ jụrụ ịhụ dọkịta, na-atụ egwu na nchọpụta na-adịghị mma ga-emebi ihe ngosi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi ahụ nwere ọrụ 45, gụnyere onyinyo tempera nke nwunye ya, nke South African National Gallery zụrụ. Melvin Simmers kwuru banyere monotypes ya na Cape Times nke 24 June 1937: 
 
Nleta nke dọkịta mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ gasịrị gosiri na o nwere ụkwara nta nke ngụgụ na akpịrị.  Ahụ ike ya dara n'oge na-adịghị anya ma kpụga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ.  Ọ natara nleta site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị enyi, karịsịa ọtụtụ ugboro n'izu site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe [[Cecil Higgs]] na Maggie Laubser, mana ọ dabara n'ọrịa ahụ mgbe ọnwa iri gasịrị, na Wednesde, 29 June 1938. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kibel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibel|first=Freda|title=Wolf Kibel|year=1968|publisher=Human &amp; Rousseau|location=Cape Town}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibel1968&quot;&gt;Kibel, Freda (1968). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnukwu nchịkọta ==
A na-etinye ọrụ Wolf Kibel n'ọtụtụ nnukwu nchịkọta: 

* South African National Gallery, Cape Town
* [[Ụlọ ngosi nka nke Johannesburg]], Johannesburg
* [[Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Pretoria]], Pretoria
* [[Ụlọ ngosi nka Durban]], Durban
* [[King George VI Gallery|Ụlọ ngosi Eze George nke Isii]], Port Elizabeth
* [[Tatham Gallery|Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri Tatham]], Pietermaritzburg
* Spier Art Collection, Stellenbosch
* [[Ụlọ ngosi nka William Humphreys|William Humphreys Art Gallery]], Kimberley
* Sanlam Art Collection, Cape Town

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Abigail Child</title>
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      <comment>King ChristLike moved page [[Nwa Abigail]] to [[Abigail Child]]: Misspelled title</comment>
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Abigail Child bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri America, onye na-ede uri, na onye edemede bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ide ihe na mgbasa ozi mgbasa 1970s.  [1] Ọ mechaala ihe akwụkwọ iri atọ fim na ọrụ vidiyo na nrụnye, yana akwụkwọ isii.  Ọrụ ihe nkiri mbụ nwata mere lebara dị n'etiti ndị na-egosi anya site n'ịhazi omume , na-egosipụta nọmba nke ihe nkiri na mgbasa ozi nke oge a.

== Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ==
Na 1968, Abigail Child akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Radcliffe College na Harvard University na nzere na ihe mere eme na akwụkwọ.  [1] Ọ natala Guggenheim Fellowship na ihe nkiri.  [2] Ọ Kalarila n'ọtụtụ University, Mahadum New York, Massachusetts College of Art, na amụ Hampshire .  [3] Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ngalaba ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri na Schoollọ Akwụkwọ nke Museum of Fine Arts, Boston akwụkwọ 2000 [3] wee họpụta ya na mbụ na Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study .  [1] Na 2009, e nyere ya ihe nrite Rome. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aarome.org/sites/sofa/2009-2010/abigail-child|title=Abigail Child|year=2009|work=[[American Academy in Rome]]|accessdate=2010-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703015558/http://www.aarome.org/sites/sofa/2009-2010/abigail-child|archivedate=2010-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ na fim, edemede na uri ==
Nwa egwu ime ihe nkiri na 1970s, na--ịakwụkwọ akwụkwọ asaa kwụụrụ onwe ya gbara na 16mm.  [1] Site n'etiti 70s ọ tụpụtara gaa na foto na na 80s ọrụ ya na-egosi okike na emu maka ịme ịmegharị.  [2] Nke a bụ ihe ajụjụ maka?  bụ nnukwu ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ asaa sitere n'oge a, nke emechara ihe ụmụaka apụ, nke ndị okpukpe nke Mayhem na Covert Action .  [3] [4] N'ime 90s, Nwatakịrị ji uri chepụta ma gbaa ọnụ ọnụ na fim dị ka B/side (1996), mgbasa ozi ebe obibi n'ime obodo na Lower East Side nke obodo New York, [5]  ] [6] na N'okpuru ọhụrụ: A Russian Chronicle (1996).  1999), ihe nkiri na St. Petersburg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Films - BELOW THE NEW: A RUSSIAN CHRONICLE (1999)|url=http://www.abigailchild.com/films/below_new.htm|accessdate=2021-07-25|work=Abigail Child|archivedate=2016-11-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115135538/http://www.abigailchild.com/films/below_new.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.smfa.edu/Programs_Faculty/Faculty/C/Child_Abigail.asp|title=SMFA Boston - Abigail Child|accessdate=2008-10-20|work=[[School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011043201/http://www.smfa.edu/Programs_Faculty/Faculty/C/Child_Abigail.asp|archivedate=11 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ምናልባት afụ nke 21, ihe nkiri na vidiyo nke ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ihe mere eme, na-eje ozi, na-akwado omenala - ụzọ ụzọ nke ebe na ike.  Arụ ọrụ dị ka Achịcha + Steak (2004) na Ọdịnihu Dị n'azụ Gị (2005) [1] ultrasonic ihe nkiri na-adịghị mma nke ụbọchị niile, na-eme ihe achọtara iji oge gara aga.  Mirror World (2006) bụ nrụnye ihuenyo dị iche iche na-agụnye nke usoro ihe nkiri &quot;mba ọzọ&quot; nke ike iji ụdị oke.  Ọrụ ndị dị dị egwu Surface Noise (2000), ụmụ mkparị gbara (2001), Ebe ụmụ anụmanụ nọ (2002), Cake na Steak (2004), Ọdịnihu dị n'azụ gị (2004), To na No Fro (2005)  , na World Mirror.  (2006).  Ihe ngosi vidiyo ya On The Downlow (2007)), bụcha nke nwoke idina nwoke na ile anya na obere ihe nkiri n'okpuru ala.

N'afọ 2012, nwatakịrị dechara ihe nkiri ngosi, ''Shape of Error,'' &quot;ihe nkiri ụlọ&quot; nke a na-eche n'echiche nke dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Mary Shelley n'oge alụmdi na nwunye ya na Percy Shelley.

Nwa bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ uri ise (nke e bipụtara n'etiti 1983 na 2012) &lt;ref name=&quot;Petrolle&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Women and Experimental Filmmaking|author=Petrolle|first=Jean|year=2005|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|isbn=0-252-03006-0|pages=20–21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dhrewnXgrcC&amp;q=Mob+%22Scatter+Matrix%22+%22Abigail+Child%22&amp;pg=PA20|accessdate=2020-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Janine&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Fluid Screens, Expanded Cinema|author=Marchessault|first=Janine|year=2007|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|isbn=978-0-8020-9297-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lijmSHqczhwC&amp;q=%22From+Solids%22+%22Abigail+Child%22&amp;pg=PA341|accessdate=2020-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; na akwụkwọ edemede dị egwu: ''This Is Call Moving: A Critical Poetics of Film'' (2005).

Nchịkọta nke ndị ode akwụkwọ dị iche iche dere na ''nke a ọ bụ ihe a mụrụ gị?'' , gụnyere DVD nke usoro ihe nkiri ahụ, ka e bipụtara na 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://brooklynrail.org/2011/12/film/is-this-what-you-were-born-for|title=Is this What You Were Born For?|author=Supanick|first=Jim|work=Brooklyn Rail|accessdate=March 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* Acts and Intermissions	(2017)&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* Salome	(2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* ELSA {{proper name|merdelamerdelamer}}	(2012)&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mubi.com/cast/abigail-child|title=Abigail Child - Director, Editor, Producer|work=MUBI|accessdate=March 18, 2021|archivedate=August 21, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821094019/https://mubi.com/cast/abigail-child}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Unbound	(2012)&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* A Shape Of Error	(2011)	feature film on Mary and Percy Shelley&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* The Suburban Trilogy	(2011)	film and digital
* Riding the Tiger: Letters from Capitalist China	(2010-2014)
* Hacking Empire	(2010)	single screen version of ''L'Impero Invertito''
* If I Can Sing A Song About Ligatures 	(2009)	w/ Nada Gordon, ''Foreign Film Series''
* Surf And Turf	(2008-2011)	16mm/digital, ''The Suburban Trilogy, part 3''
* On The Downlow	(2007) Digital feature documentary, dir. by Child; ed: Yael Bitton; Camera: Arthur Jafa&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* Mirror World	(2006)	16mm to digital, w/ Gary Sullivan ''Foreign Film Series''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* To And No Fro	(2005)	16mm to digital, w/ Monica de la Torre. ''Foreign Film Series''
* Blonde Fur	(2004) Loop from ''Cake and Steak''
* The Party	(2004)
* The Future Is Behind You 	(2004)	film/digital, ''The Suburban Trilogy, Part 2''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* Cake and Steak	(2003–04)	film/digital, ''The Suburban Trilogy, Part 1''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* The Milky Way	(2003)	Installation version of ''Dark Dark''
* Subtalk	(2002)	digital, w/ Benton C Bainbridge and Eric Rosenzveig &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFCJrLHhxWcC&amp;q=bainbridge+child+rosenzveig+subtalk&amp;pg=PA368|title=A Critical Cinema 4: Interviews with Independent Filmmakers|isbn=978-0-520-24271-5|author=MacDonald|first=Scott|year=2005|publisher=University of California Press|accessdate=2020-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dark Dark	(2001)	film, ''How the World Works, Part 2''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* Surface Noise	(2000)	film, ''How the World Works, Part 1''
* Below the New	(1999)
* Her Thirteenth Year (screenplay)	(1998)
* B/Side	(1996)&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;
* Dinkinsville 	(1994)
* Through The Looking Lass ''w/ L. Champagne'' &amp; Songs	(1993)	interactive video performance
* Songs 	(1993)	interactive video performance w/Benton C Bainbridge, Vicky Funari and Ikue Mori
* 8 Million 	(1992)	video album w/ Ikue Mori)
* Swamp 	(1990–91)	w/ S. Schulman
* Mercy 	(1989)	''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 7''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://brooklynrail.org/2011/12/film/is-this-what-you-were-born-for|title=Is this What You Were Born For?|author=Supanick|first=Jim|work=Brooklyn Rail|accessdate=March 27, 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSupanick&quot;&gt;Supanick, Jim. [https://brooklynrail.org/2011/12/film/is-this-what-you-were-born-for &quot;Is this What You Were Born For?&quot;]. ''Brooklyn Rail''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210202053214/https://brooklynrail.org/2011/12/film/is-this-what-you-were-born-for Archived] from the original on February 2, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 27,&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Both 	(1988)	''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 3''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;
* Mayhem 	(1987)	''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 6''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;
* Perils	(1985–86) ''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 5''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;
* Covert Action	(1984)	''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 4''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;
* Mutiny	(1982–83) ''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 2''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;
* Prefaces	(1981) ''Is This What You Were Born For? Part 1''&lt;ref name=&quot;MUBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stuart&quot; /&gt;
* Ornamentals	(1979)
* Pacific Far East Line (1979)
* Peripeteia II	(1978)
* Daylight Test Section	(1978)
* Peripeteia I	(1977)
* Some Exterior Presence	(1977)
* Tar Garden	(1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate/Plus: Abigail child&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/climateplus/|title=Climate/Plus: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718105010/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fclimateplus%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mother Movie	 (1973)
* Game	(1972)	w/Jon Child
* Except The People	(1970)	w/Jon Child

== Mbipụta ==

* ''Nke a ọ̀ bụ ihe a mụrụ gị?'' (MetisPress, 2011) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books-1/|title=Is This What You Were Born For?: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104703/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks-1%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''A na-akpọ nke a Moving: A Critical Poetics of Film'' ( Mahadum Alabama Press, 2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/this-is-called-moving/|title=This is Called Moving: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718105020/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fthis-is-called-moving%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Elekere Counter'' (Mbipụta Ụlọikpe Tout, Mermaid Tenement Press, 2009) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/counter-clock/|title=Counter Clock: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104718/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fcounter-clock%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ebe nchekwa artificial'' ( Belladonna Press, 2001) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/artificial-memory/|title=Artificial Memory: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104713/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fartificial-memory%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abụ ''anụ ahụ'' maka Sarah Shulman nke Abigail Child (nke ZET Amsterdam bipụtara - New York 1990) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/flesh/|title=Flesh: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104723/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fflesh%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Matrix Scatter'' (Akwụkwọ ndị dị n'uko, 1996) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/scatter-mix/|title=Scatter Matrix: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104733/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fscatter-mix%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ndị mmadụ'' (O Akwụkwọ, 1994) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/mob/|title=Mob: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104728/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fmob%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ebumnuche maka ọgba aghara'' (Potes &amp; Poets, 1989) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/a-motive-for-mayhem/|title=A Motive for Mayhem: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718104708/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Fa-motive-for-mayhem%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Climate Plus'' (Mkpọsa ndakọrịta: Oge nke abụọ, 1986) &lt;ref name=&quot;Climate/Plus: Abigail child&quot; /&gt;
#KÚFÙ [[Target page name]]
* ''Site na Solids'' (Akwụkwọ elu ụlọ, 1983) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abigailchild.com/index.php?/books/from-solids/|title=From Solids: Abigail child|work=abigailchild.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718105015/http://abigailchild.com/index.php?%2Fbooks%2Ffrom-solids%2F|archivedate=2017-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://abigailchild.com Webụsaịtị gọọmentị]
* Abigail Child  
* Abigail Child  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011043201/http://www.smfa.edu/Programs_Faculty/Faculty/C/Child_Abigail.asp Akụkọ ndụ na School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]
{{Authority control}}
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Dóra Keresztes&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mw-file-element&quot; data-file-height=&quot;1026&quot; data-file-type=&quot;bitmap&quot; data-file-width=&quot;767&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;294&quot; resource=&quot;./File:Keresztes_Dóra_Mexico_2.jpg&quot; src=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Keresztes_D%C3%B3ra_Mexico_2.jpg/220px-Keresztes_D%C3%B3ra_Mexico_2.jpg&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Keresztes_D%C3%B3ra_Mexico_2.jpg/330px-Keresztes_D%C3%B3ra_Mexico_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Keresztes_D%C3%B3ra_Mexico_2.jpg/440px-Keresztes_D%C3%B3ra_Mexico_2.jpg 2x&quot; width=&quot;220&quot;
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Amụrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;( &lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1953-10-03&lt;/span&gt; )&lt;/span&gt; 3 Ọktoba 1953 &lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt;(afọ&amp;nbsp;70)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt; [[Budapest]], Hungary&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Alma&amp;nbsp;nne
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design|Mahadum nka na nka nke Moholy-Nagy]]
|}
Dóra Keresztes ( ከውጭ 3 Ọktoba 1953, Budapest ) Onye na-ese ihe Hungary, onye na-ebi akwụkwọ, onye na-ese ihe, onye nna nna na onye ntụzi ihe nkiri .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Hungarian Arts and Design na Budapest dị ka nwa akwụkwọ nke István Balogh, György Haiman, János Kass na Ernő Rubik .  Ọ akwụkwọ ọrụ ya site n'ichepụta akwụkwọ na ihe atụ maka akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ndị Hungary nke oge a.  Mgbe e akara na fim na ihe nkiri akwụkwọ mmado bịara n'etitietiti ya na ọ bụ art director na mmebe nke &quot;Muses&quot; Cultural Magazine na Budapest.  N'ọrụ imewe ya, ọ bụ ezigbo omenka nọọrọ onwe ya, onye gbara ogbo na onye isi ihe nkiri egwu.  E taka ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi, biennials na mmemme ihe nkiri ma na Hungary na mba ọzọ.  Onye isi oche nke Society of Hungarian Illustrators, onye nduzi ihe nkiri na PannóniaFilm Studio, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Hungarian Poster Society .  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ onwe ya na studio nke ya.

== Ihe ngosi ==

* 1985 Budapest, Vigadó Gallery &lt;ref name=&quot;iii&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exhibition of Dóra Keresztes and István Orosz {{!}} Magyar Művészeti Akadémia|url=https://www.mma.hu/web/en/what-s-on/-/event/153538/exhibition-of-dora-keresztes-and-istvan-orosz|accessdate=2021-11-02|work=www.mma.hu|archivedate=2021-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102180733/https://www.mma.hu/web/en/what-s-on/-/event/153538/exhibition-of-dora-keresztes-and-istvan-orosz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2000 Szeged, Kass Gallery
* 2001 Tehran, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Artist
* 2005 Budapest, Dorottya Gallery
* 2005 Budapest, Hungarian National Theatre
* 2009 Budapest, Barabas Villa
* 2012 Moscow, State Children's Library
* 2012 Győr, Esterhazy Palace
* 2014 Hiroshima, Aster Plaza

== Ihe nkiri eserese ==

* 1979 - Ihe nkiri Ọnwa (Holdasfilm) (ya na István Orosz )
* 1985 - Ime Anwansi (Garabonciák) (ya na István Orosz )
* 1989 - Golden Nnụnụ (Aranymadar)
* 1996 - Ihu (Arcok)
* 2001 - Osisi willow mwute na-amụmụ ọnụ ọchị (Mosolygó szomorúfűz)
* 2002 - De profundis
* 2005 - Otu-abụọ-atọ (Egyedem-begyedem)

== Nhazi ọkwa ==

* 2003 - Sándor Weöres : Ụgbọ mmiri na Ọnwa (Holdbeli csónakos) ( Hungarian National Theatre )

== Ihe nrite ==

* 1977-2001 Isi ihe nrite nke asọmpi akwụkwọ ndị Hungary mara mma (ugboro itoolu)
* Ihe nrite 1988 nke Biennial of Graphic Design, Brno
* 1994 Ihe nrite International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY).
* Ihe nrite ọla edo 2000 nke asọmpi narị afọ nke Hungarian Art Academy
* 2001 International Board on Books for Young People Award (IBBY).

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|1514879}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927070512/http://www.gallery-diabolus.com/gallery/artist.php?id=dora&amp;page=cv%2F Dora Keresztes]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240605062825/http://www.gallerydiabolus.com/gallery/artist.php?id=dora&amp;page=154/ her posters]
* her animated films on YouTube
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063643/http://www.nemzetiszinhaz.hu/repertoar.php?play_id=7&amp;id=104%2F Hungarian National Theatre]
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      <text bytes="22419" sha1="q2tgqqrjpzyi8lpkhtteehatersuced" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Cheryl D. Holmes Miller''' (amụrụ 1952) bụ onye mmebe ihe osise America, onye ozi Ndị Kraịst, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye na-ese ihe, ọkà mmụta okpukpe, na onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. A maara ya maka ntinye aka ya n'ịha nhata agbụrụ na nwoke na nwanyị na mpaghara imewe eserese, yana guzobe otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi ojii mbụ nwere na New York City na 1984. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ Maryland Institute College of Art, Pratt Institute, Rhode Island School of Design, na Union Theological .

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Miller bụ onye Africa America na Philippine American ma na-akọwapụta dị ka BIPOC . Ezinụlọ nna ya si [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] na ezinụlọ nne ya bụ Filipino Creole si US Virgin Islands. Nne nne Miller bụ nwa afọ Danish ọdịda anyanwụ India na onye Ghana. Nne nne ya bụ onye Ghana sitere na St. Johns. Nna nna ya bụ Philippine bụ akụkụ nke ndị agha mmiri US Philippines dị ka onye na-esi nri onye nlekọta n'oge WWI na 1917. Nne na nna ya ochie zutere na USO wee lụọ. N'ịbụ ndị nwere agbụrụ Filipino atọ nke onwe ha, nne Miller bụ otu n'ime ha. Nne ya, onye Filipino-Creole, bịara United States ịga Mahadum Howard . Arụnyere nwa nwanne nne ya Afro-Caribbean Saint-Tomian Larry ka onye isi ebo ha. Ebo ha bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ aka, karịsịa ndị na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị na-akpụ osisi ma na-eme igbe ozu ịchọ mma. Nna nna ya bụ onye ọcha na American Indian nwere ụmụ nwanyị Patriotic nke American Revolution DNA. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 September 2020|title=Cheryl D. Miller: The History of 'Where are the Black designers?'|work=YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzqLtCR717c|accessdate=3 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424011129/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzqLtCR717c|archivedate=April 24, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nne na nna Miller zutere na Howard University dị na Washington, DC ebe ha biri wee malite ezinụlọ nke ha. Ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ Scout na mgbe ọ meriri ihe nrite mbụ ya, e bipụtara ya na mkpuchi ngalaba nke ''Washington Post'' na ''Washington Star'' . Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Miller nọrọ ọtụtụ ụbọchị ya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-elele oge nka nke oge a na cadre nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agba agba Washington . N'afọ 1969, onye nkụzi ya gwara ya na ọ gaghị eme ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ma ahụmahụ ya na ihe nketa ya ghọrọ ihe na-emepụta ihe na nkà ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;

Miller gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Calvin Coolidge High School . Na 1985, ọ natara Masters of Science in Visual Communications na Pratt Institute . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Washington|first=Michele Y.|date=November 16, 2015|title=Cheryl D. Miller|url=https://www.aiga.org/diversity-inclusion-design-journeys-essay-cheryl-d-miller|accessdate=March 2, 2021|work=The Professional Association for Design|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207034657/http://www.aiga.org:80/diversity-inclusion-design-journeys-essay-cheryl-d-miller/|archivedate=December 7, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ọrụ tesis, a gwara ya ka o nye aka na ngalaba nke eserese eserese na kama ịrụ ọrụ nlegharị anya o dere &quot;Ịgafe nsogbu nke onye nrụpụta ojii ka ọ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọma ahịa&quot; dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cherry|first=Maurice|date=June 25, 2018|title=Cheryl D. Miller|url=https://revisionpath.com/cheryl-d-miller/|accessdate=June 16, 2020|work=Revision Path|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=June 16, 2020|title=TRANSCENDING THE PROBLEMS OF THE BLACK GRAPHIC DESIGNER TO SUCCESS IN THE MARKETPLACE|url=https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:tr623tv1100/CDMiller_1985.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620030929/https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:tr623tv1100/CDMiller_1985.pdf|archivedate=June 20, 2020|accessdate=|work=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkà mmụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Miller nke 1985 chepụta, sociology na akụkọ ihe mere eme iji nye nkọwa nke atụmanya ọrụ African American. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lorenzo|first=Doreen|date=December 17, 2020|title='They've stolen our history': Why one designer has been fighting for inclusion for 50 years|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90587303/theyve-stolen-our-history-why-one-designer-has-been-fighting-for-inclusion-for-50-years|accessdate=January 7, 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara Rhode Island School of Design maka BFA ya, mana mgbe nna Miller nwụrụ n'afọ nke abụọ, ọ gafere na Maryland Institute College of Art ebe o bi nso nne ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; O nwetara BFA ya na MICA.

Enyere Miller ihe Dọkịta nke Akwụkwọ Ozi Humane sitere na [[Vermont]] College of Fine Arts na February 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bowditch|first=Alexandra|date=2021-02-09|title=Vermont College of Fine Arts Honors Cheryl D. Miller, Tireless Advocate for Black Graphic Designers|url=http://hyperallergic.com/620227/vermont-college-of-fine-arts-honors-cheryl-d-miller-tireless-advocate-black-graphic-designers/|accessdate=2022-01-02|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2022, Miller nwetara Dọkịta nke Fine Arts site na Maryland Institute College of Art. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2022 Honorary Degree Recipients|url=https://www.mica.edu/annual-events-series/commencement/2022-honorary-degree-recipients/|accessdate=2022-05-18|work=MICA|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531091944/https://www.mica.edu/annual-events-series/commencement/2022-honorary-degree-recipients/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na June 2022, Miller nwetara Dọkịta nke Fine Arts site na Rhode Island School of Design. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=RISD Commencement Celebrates the Classes of 2020 and 2022 {{!}} RISD|url=https://www.risd.edu/news/stories/risd-commencement-and-reunion-weekend-2022|accessdate=2022-06-08|work=www.risd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na Mee 2023, Miller nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na Fine Arts site na Pratt Institute.

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ, Miller rụrụ ọrụ na nhazi mgbasa ozi ebe o mepụtara setịpụ ikuku na eserese. &lt;ref name=&quot;Journey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 16, 2015|title=Cheryl D. Miller's Design Journey|url=https://www.aiga.org/diversity-inclusion-design-journeys-essay-cheryl-d-miller|accessdate=June 16, 2020|work=AIGA {{!}} the professional association for design}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge a, o mepụtara logo na njirimara maka BET . Mgbe afọ 10 na mgbasa ozi gasịrị, ọ kwagara New York City wee gaa Pratt Institute, wee gụchaa na Seminary Theological Theological .

=== Na-ede ===
N'afọ 1987, Magazin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwSw&quot;&gt;Bipụta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; bipụtara otu akụkọ na edemede Miller nke akpọrọ &quot;Ndị na-emepụta ojii na-efunahụ ọrụ.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 11, 2018|title=How one question led to new Stanford archive|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2018/07/11/one-question-led-new-stanford-archive/|accessdate=September 2, 2020|work=Stanford News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Heller|first=Steven|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-9qDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=cheryl+d+miller&amp;pg=PT386|title=Teaching Graphic Design History|date=June 18, 2019|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-62153-685-7|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thesis na isiokwu malitere mmegharị iji nyocha na ịkwalite ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche na maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji zụlite okwu gbasara ọrụ dị iche iche na omume. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Scherling|first=Laura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Cheryl+D.+Miller+designer&amp;pg=PA179|title=Ethics in Design and Communication: Critical Perspectives|date=February 20, 2020|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-350-07701-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 AIGA Medalist: Cheryl D. Miller|url=https://www.aiga.org/membership-community/aiga-awards/aiga-medal/2021-aiga-medalist-cheryl-d-miller|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=www.aiga.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1990, site ''Step-by-Step'' magazine bipụtara &quot;Ịnabata Cultural Diversity in Design&quot;. Na 2013 o dere ihe ncheta, ''Black Coral: Agbaghara nwa nwanyị nye nne ya Asia Island'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 16, 2015|title=Cheryl D. Miller's Design Journey|url=https://www.aiga.org/diversity-inclusion-design-journeys-essay-cheryl-d-miller|accessdate=September 2, 2020|work=AIGA}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara ihe na-esote isiokwu 1987. Edemede a kpaliri Ọkammụta imewe Mahadum Stanford Michael Grant na onye ntụzi mkpokọta pụrụ iche nke ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ, Regina Roberts, iji deba akwụkwọ akụkọ na katalọgụ nke ọrụ imewe Miller na Cheryl D. Miller Collection mahadum. Nnyocha Miller chọpụtara na mgbe agha obodo gasịrị, Typographic Union nke ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ ọcha mechibidoro ndị oji na ndị inyom na-arụ ọrụ aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji nweta ebumnuche azụmahịa nke ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Edemede Miller bụ isi nkuku nke AIGA 's Diversity na nsonye Taskforce. &lt;ref name=&quot;Journey&quot;/&gt; A na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. A na-ahụ mmetụta ya n'ụzọ ndị na-ese ihe osise n'oge a si etinye aka na ịdọ aka ná ntị, na ntụzịaka nke ubi na ndị okike mebere obodo ya, a na-akọwapụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị ka ederede dị oke mkpa nke mepere ụzọ maka ndị na-ese Black. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Typography is the root of graphic design – we should use it to be vocal|url=https://www.itsnicethat.com/features/tre-seals-vocal-type-conscious-creativity-graphic-design-021220|accessdate=January 7, 2021|work=www.itsnicethat.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe odide ya na-agba ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị nkatọ ume ka ha nyochaa egbe imewe wee chọpụta olu dị iche iche na ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe taa. Ọ na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa n'ihi ọrụ imewe na akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ na site n'ịdekọghị ma ọ bụ ghọta ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ niile, ọha anyị nwere nghọta na-esighị ike banyere mmadụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Terms of Service : September Edition|url=http://designobserver.com/feature/terms-of-service--september-edition/40327|accessdate=January 7, 2021|work=Design Observer|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, Miller malitere ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-akọwapụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke eserese site na nchekwa data echekwara aha ya bụ ''History of Black Graphic Design'', nchekwa data echekwara nke ejiri nkwado nke ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ mahadum Stanford rụpụtara &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Ebipụtara na Ọkara na 2020 dị ka akụkụ nke Ọdịnihu nke Kere na Mmụta Kasị Elu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Future of Design in Higher Education – Medium|url=https://medium.com/future-of-design-in-higher-education|accessdate=January 7, 2021|work=Medium|archivedate=October 23, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023234413/https://medium.com/future-of-design-in-higher-education}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka elele Miller nọ na IIT Institute of Design, Eugene Korsunskiy na-ede banyere ahụmịhe ha na-ege ntị Miller na-ekerịta echiche ya gbasara ihe eserese eserese nke oge a na-egosipụta ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmegbu.&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ọ ga-amasị m ịla ezumike nka Paul Rand. Ọ ga-amasị m ịla ezumike nká Helvetica n'etiti narị afọ. Achọrọ m ịla ezumike nká n'aka ekpe. Achọrọ m ịla ezumike nká n'aka nri. Achọrọ m ịla ezumike nká oghere ọcha. Achọrọ m ịla ezumike nká na Switzerland grid ... Ọ bụ ọdịdị nke onye mmegbu m… n'etiti narị afọ nke narị afọ mgbe ọ na-adịghị mfe ịbanye n'ahịa NY dị ka onye mmebe ojii mgbe m hụrụ anya ahụ, naanị ihe ọ na-agwa m bụ, &quot;Ị nweghị ike ịbanye. Ị bụghị nke. Ị adịghị mma.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Korsunskiy|first=Eugene|date=2020-09-24|title=Dismantling White Supremacy in Design Classrooms: My Conversation With Design Guru Cheryl D. Miller|url=https://medium.com/future-of-design-in-higher-education/dismantling-white-supremacy-in-design-classrooms-my-conversation-with-design-guru-cheryl-d-miller-5dc9c48b15e4|accessdate=2021-01-07|work=Medium|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Ihe nrite na ebe obibi ==
[[Usòrò:American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts_medal.jpg|thumb| AIGA Medal nyere Miller na 2021 maka ịgbasawanye ohere]]
N'afọ 2021, e nyere Miller onyinye AIGA, otu n'ime ndịiche kachasị elu na mpaghara imewe, nye ndị na-emepụta ihe mmetụta ha, ọrụ ha na arụ ọrụ ha na-anọchite anya akụkọ nlere anya na pụrụ iche nke nraranye maka nka, uto ọrụ, na akwa akpara nke ọma. imewe, teknụzụ, omenala, na ọha mmadụ. &quot;A na-amata Miller maka mmetụta ya dị ukwuu n'ime ọrụ ahụ iji kwụsị njedebe nke ndị na-emepụta BIPOC site na mmemme ikike obodo ya, ikpughe ihe odide ụlọ ọrụ, nchọpụta nchọpụta, na ọhụụ archival.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;aiga.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Press Releases {{!}} Meet AIGA's Awards Recipients, representing the vibrant spectrum of design excellence {{!}} AIGA|url=https://www.aiga.org/media/press-releases/meet-aigas-awards-recipients-representing-the-vibrant-spectrum-of-design|accessdate=2021-05-07|work=www.aiga.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, otu afọ ahụ, e nyere Miller ihe nrite “Design Visionary” Cooper Hewitt. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-30|title=2021 National Design Awards {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum|url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/national-design-awards/2021-national-design-awards-winners/|accessdate=2022-03-27|work=www.cooperhewitt.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2020, Miller ghọrọ onye nkuzi a ma ama maka imepụta na onye nrụpụta na ebe obibi na Mahadum [[Texas]] na Austin . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cheryl D. Miller, M.S., M.Div – School of Design and Creative Technologies – The University of Texas at Austin|url=https://designcreativetech.utexas.edu/cheryl-d-miller|accessdate=2021-01-24|work=College of Fine Arts – University of Texas at Austin|language=en|archivedate=2021-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130025507/https://designcreativetech.utexas.edu/cheryl-d-miller}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi na Mahadum Howard na Mahadum Lesley nke Art na Kere ebe ọ na-akụzi imewe eserese. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cheryl D. Miller {{!}} Lesley University|url=https://lesley.edu/about/faculty-staff-directory/cheryl-d-miller|accessdate=January 7, 2021|work=lesley.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2021, Cheryl ghọrọ Maryland Institute College of Art William O. Steinzmetz Designer na Ọkà mmụta obibi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MICA names four William O. Steinmetz '50 Designers-in-Residence, bringing together three generations of cultural activists|url=https://www.mica.edu/art-articles/details/mica-names-four-william-o-steinmetz-50-designers-in-residence-bringing-together-three-generations-of-cultural-activists/|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=MICA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke ebe obibi a, Miller sonye na &quot;Voices: Black Graphic Design History,&quot; ebe ya na nkuzi webinar atọ ọzọ Steinmetz D nwere mkparịta ụka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-31|title=Baltimore Fishbowl {{!}} The history of Black graphic design, explored by MICA -|url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/the-history-of-black-graphic-design-explored-by-mica/|accessdate=2021-04-30|work=Baltimore Fishbowl|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2021, IBM kwupụtara na Miller ga-abụ Ọkà mmụta IBM Kere mmalite dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme obibi obibi IBM Design Scholar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Prentice|first=Nigel|date=2021-10-06|title=IBM announces the Honorary IBM Design Scholar and its inaugural Program Resident, Dr.|url=https://medium.com/design-ibm/ibm-announces-the-honorary-ibm-design-scholar-and-its-inaugural-program-resident-dr-c988db2b385e|accessdate=2022-05-18|work=IBM Design|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enyere Miller ihe Dọkịta nke Akwụkwọ Ozi Humane sitere na Vermont College of Fine Arts, Febụwarị 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-06|title=Cheryl D. Miller to Receive Honorary Degree|url=https://vcfa.edu/cheryl-d-miller-to-receive-honorary-degree/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Vermont College of Fine Arts|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303053017/https://vcfa.edu/cheryl-d-miller-to-receive-honorary-degree/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bowditch|first=Alexandra|date=2021-02-09|title=Vermont College of Fine Arts Honors Cheryl D. Miller, Tireless Advocate for Black Graphic Designers|url=https://hyperallergic.com/620227/vermont-college-of-fine-arts-honors-cheryl-d-miller-tireless-advocate-black-graphic-designers/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 2022, e nyere Miller Dọkịta nke Fine Arts sitere na Maryland Institute College of Art. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;  Na June 2022, Miller nwetara Dọkịta nke Fine Arts site na Rhode Island School of Design. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=RISD Commencement Celebrates the Classes of 2020 and 2022 {{!}} RISD|url=https://www.risd.edu/news/stories/risd-commencement-and-reunion-weekend-2022|accessdate=2022-06-08|work=www.risd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

N'October 2022, Miller bụ Ụlọ Nzukọ Otu Club nke Fame Inductee 2022.

== Okwu mmalite ==
Na Mee 2022, Miller nyere adreesị mmalite nye ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Maryland Institute College of Arts. Na June 2022, Miller nyere adreesị mmalite nye ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rhode Island School of Design.

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==

* {{Cite web|title=Black Designers Missing in Action|author=Cheryl D Miller|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/287765658/Black-Designers-Missing-in-Action-by-Cheryl-D-Miller|date=May 1985|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=Scribd|language=en}}
* ''Black Coral: A Daughter’s Apology to her Asian Island Mother'', Aage Heritage Press, 2013.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780989263207|9780989263207]]
* {{Cite web|title=Trilogy Series Black Designers Missing in Action|author=Cheryl D Miller|url=https://www.printmag.com/post/from-black-designers-missing-in-action-to-forward-in-action-3-essential-industry-articles|date=October 2020|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=PRINT|language=en}}
* Cheryl D Miller (December 2020). [https://www.fastcompany.com/90587303/theyve-stolen-our-history-why-one-designer-has-been-fighting-for-inclusion-for-50-years &quot;From 'Black Designers: Missing in Action' to 'Forward in Action': 3 Essential Industry Articles&quot;]. ''PRINT.'' Retrieved 2021-01-06.
* Cheryl D Miller &quot;[https://www.commarts.com/features/black-artist-in-graphic-communication Black Artist in Graphic Communication]&quot;

== Ndepụta nke ọrụ na ahụmahụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ==

* Onye nrụpụta William O. Steinzmetz na Ọkà mmụta ebe obibi na Maryland College Institute of Art, Eprel 2021– dị ugbu a.
* Prọfesọ Adjunt nwa oge na Mahadum Howard, Febụwarị 2021 – dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cheryl D.|first=Miller|title=Experience|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/cdholmesmiller/|accessdate=21 April 2021|work=LinkedIn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye nkuzi pụrụiche nwa oge na Mahadum Texas ( ''Austin, TX),'' Jenụwarị 2021 – dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Akuziri nkuzi nwa oge na Mahadum Roger William, Jenụwarị 2021 – dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Prọfesọ Adjunct nwa oge na Mahadum Lesley, Jenụwarị 2021 – dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Onye ndụmọdụ Onye isi ala, Cheryl D. Miller Design/ Cheryl D. Miller Fine Art, 2019– dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Chepụta Futurist Diversity, Otu dị iche iche chepụta, June 2018– dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Onye na-enye ihe ndekọ ego; Onye na-ese ihe anakọtara, ''mkpokọta Cheryl D. Miller'' na Mahadum Stanford, Maachị 2018 – dị ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Prọfesọ nwa oge nke DEI, na Nkwukọrịta Nkwukọrịta na ArtCenter Septemba 2022 – dị ugbu a

== Nchịkọta na ihe ngosi ==

* [https://micagdarchives.com/Cheryl-D-Miller-Steinmetz-Designer-in-Residence Maryland Institute College of Art Steinmetz Designer na ihe ngosi ebe obibi, 2021]
* Nchịkọta Cheryl D. Miller na Mahadum Stanford &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 May 2018|title=Famed graphic designer and racial, cultural and gender equity advocate Cheryl D. Miller donates personal archive to Stanford Libraries|url=https://library.stanford.edu/node/142441|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=Stanford Libraries|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613142349/http://library.stanford.edu/node/142441|archivedate=June 13, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://www.mvvoart.com Ihe ngosi MvVo Art AD, New York] &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018|title=About Cheryl D. Miller Fine Art|url=https://www.cheryldmillerfineart.com/about-us|accessdate=7 April 2021|work=Cheryl D. Miller Fine Art|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930175145/https://www.cheryldmillerfineart.com/about-us|archivedate=September 30, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://posterhouse.org Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Poster House, New York] &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* [https://designmuseumdedel.nl/en/ Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Deldel] &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* [https://cooper.edu/art/news/cheryl-d-miller-gifts-collection-work-black-designers-lubalin Nchịkọta Cheryl D. Miller nke akụkọ ihe osise ojii dị na Herb Lubalin Study Center of Design and Typography] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cooper Union Establishes Collection of Black Design with Cheryl D. Miller's Gift|url=https://cooper.edu/art/news/cheryl-d-miller-gifts-collection-work-black-designers-lubalin|accessdate=2022-05-18|work=The Cooper Union|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Mosley
* Mahadum nke Maryland Eastern Shore

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;

* {{Cite web|title=CD Holmes-Miller|url=https://www.cdholmesmiller.com/|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=CD Holmes-Miller}}
* [https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/12663738 Miller, Cheryl D. ''Cheryl D. Miller Personal Archive''. , n.d.. Archival material.] Stanford University
{{DEFAULTSORT:Miller, D. Cheryl}}
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'''Samuel M. Plato''' (1882-1957) bụ onye America na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ọrụ ya na ọrụ ụlọ gọọmenti etiti na ụlọ ọrụ US, yana ịmepụta na iwu ụlọ ndị ọzọ na United States dị ka ụlọ nke onwe, ụlọ akụ, ụka, na ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], nwa amaala [[Alabama]] bụ otu n'ime ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'Africa-American ole na ole na mba ahụ ka a ga-enye nkwekọrịta ụlọ ọrụ oge agha, nke gụnyere Wake na Midway Halls (ụlọ obibi maka ndị ọrụ nchekwa ihe karịrị 800 African-American na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ). O nwetakwara nkwekọrịta iji wuo ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi US iri atọ na asatọ n'ofe mba ahụ.

Plato malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na 1902 na Marion, Indiana, n'oge nkewa na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe ịma aka maka ndị ọkachamara Afrika-American dị ka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Na 1921 ọ kwagara Louisville, Kentucky, bụ ebe o jiri ndụ ya fọdụrụnụ. Edepụtara ụfọdụ n'ime nnukwu ụlọ Plato na Ndebanye aha Mba nke Ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme . Ndị a na-agụnye Louisville's [[Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|Broadway Temple AME Zion Church]] na Virginia Avenue Colored School, ihe atụ abụọ nke onyinye ya na obodo Africa-American obodo. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson na Marion, Indiana, na Chọọchị Baptist nke Abụọ na Bloomington, Indiana .

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Samuel M. Plato mụrụ na 1882 Waugh na Montgomery County, Alabama, nye James na Katie (Hendricks) Plato. &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pen Bogert|title=Samuel M. Plato: Building a Dream|work=The Filson Newsmagazine|publisher=The Filson Historical Society|url=http://www.filsonhistorical.org/news_v1n1_plato.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706152046/http://www.filsonhistorical.org/news_v1n1_plato.html|archivedate=July 6, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Plato's birth year is uncertain, but based on U.S. census records, his World War II draft card, and his gravestone, it is believed to be 1882. See: {{Cite web|title=Samuel Plato|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/4184.htm|accessdate=November 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan177&quot;&gt;Katherine M. Jourdan, &quot;The Architecture of Samuel M. Plato,&quot; in {{Cite book|editor=Wilma L. Gibbs|title=Indiana's African American Heritage: Essays from ''Black History News &amp; Notes''|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|edition=2nd|year=2007|location=Indianapolis|isbn=978-0871950994}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna Samuel, bụ́ Jems, bụ onye ọrụ ugbo kụziiri ya ọrụ nkà na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-ewu ihe . &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan177&quot; /&gt;

Plato gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mount Meigs Colored Institute dị nso n'ụlọ ya na [[Alabama]] wee nọrọ otu afọ ọzọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Winston-Salem, [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]], tupu o debanye aha na 1898 na State University Normal School (ugbu a Simmons College of Kentucky ) na Louisville, Kentucky . Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu n'oge ezumike ọkọchị mgbe ọ ka nọ na kọleji wee gụchaa na 1902. Ọ mechakwara mmemme izi ozi n'ime ihe owuwu sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmekorita mba ụwa nke Scranton, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan177&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Plato malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na mmalite 1900s, mgbe ịkpa ókè megide [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị America America]] na-atụgharịkarị ha n'ọrụ dịka ndị ọrụ na-enweghị nkà. N'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka ndị a, ọ chọtara ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwá nkà, ma ọ jụrụ ịkwado ọrụ a na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Kama nke ahụ, ọ họọrọ ịchụso ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ, bụ nke nyere ohere ọrụ ka mma na ụgwọ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB10&quot;&gt;Footnote 10 in {{Cite web|title=Samuel Plato|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/4184.htm|accessdate=November 13, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan179&quot;&gt;Jourdan, p. 179.&lt;/ref&gt; Plato bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ Africa-American na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Midwest . N'ihe dị ka 1902, n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, ọ kwagara Marion, Indiana, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ iri na itoolu dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ tupu ọ laghachi Louisville, Kentucky, gburugburu 1921. &lt;ref name=&quot;Echo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Erik Kielisch|title=Plato's Influence Remains on Campus: Works of Swallow Robin's Architect Comes to the Archives|work=The Echo|publisher=Taylor University|date=March 4, 2005|pages=1–2}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB3&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnote 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ dị na Indiana na Kentucky, Plato haziri ma wuo ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'ofe United States. &lt;ref&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnote 5.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Indiana oru ngo ===
N'ime afọ ya na Indiana, n'oge Ku Klux Klan ruru ihe ndekọ oge niile na ọkara nde ndị otu na steeti ahụ, Plato nwetara nkwado site n'aka ndị nwe ụlọ ahịa bara ọgaranya John Schaumleffel na J. Woodrow Wilson. &lt;ref name=&quot;Echo&quot;/&gt; Plato nwekwara mmekọrịta ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri na Jasper Burden, onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ojii na Marion. Ihe omume mbụ Plato mere na Marion gụnyere Chọọchị Baptist nke Abụọ, nke emechara na 1905; Chọọchị Baptist mbụ nke Classical Revival, nke e nyere ọrụ na 1913; na Ụlọ Platonian, nke e wuru na 1910. &lt;ref&gt;The U-shaped Platonian Apartments complex, which was designed, built, and named after the architect, had three buildings with ten, two-story units. See: Jourdan, pp. 179–82.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;WilsonHouse&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html|title=Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)|publisher=Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology|format=Searchable database|accessdate=December 4, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes 
{{Cite web|author=Katherine M. Jourdan|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: J. Woodrow Wilson House|date=January 1988|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/2023b/N/Wilson_Home_Grant_CO_Nom.pdf|accessdate=December 4, 2019}} and accompanying photographs.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:J._Woodrow_Wilson_House.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|350x350px| Ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson, Julaị 2012]]
Otu n'ime ọrụ obibi Plato a kacha mara amara bụ imepụta na iwu ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson nke nwere ọnụ ụlọ iri na ise na Marion na 1912. Ụlọ Neoclassical -style bụ &quot;otu n'ime ihe owuwu kachasị mma n'ime obodo&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan181&quot;&gt;Jourdan, p. 181.&lt;/ref&gt; na-akọ na ọ na-efu $135,000 n'oge a na-ewu ya. Ụlọ Wilson (nke a makwaara dị ka Ụlọ Wilson-Vaughan na Ụlọ ndị ọbịa) ka agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;WilsonHouse&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB4-5&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnotes 4 and 5.&lt;/ref&gt;

Plato nwetara nkwekọrịta iji chepụta na wuo ebe obibi ndị ọzọ na ụlọ azụmahịa na Marion na ebe ndị ọzọ na Indiana. Ihe atụ nke ọrụ ya gụnyere First United Baptist Church na Wabash na Baptist Church nke Abụọ (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1983) na Bloomington, Indiana . Ọrụ ọzọ bụ ụlọ obibi Swallow-Robin, nke e wuru na 1917 na ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Taylor dị na Upland, Indiana . &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB4-5&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnotes 4 and 5.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan179-82&quot;&gt;Jourdan, pp. 179–82.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SBC-Bloomington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html|title=Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)|publisher=Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology|format=Searchable database|accessdate=December 4, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/21939/N/Second_Baptist_Church_Monroe_CO_Nom.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Second Baptist Church|accessdate=December 4, 2019|author=Kathleen S. Branigan|date=December 1994}} and accompanying photographs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Marion, Plato bịara mara maka inye ndị ojii na ndị ọcha ohere ọrụ n'ọrụ ihe owuwu ya n'oge ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ndị ọchụnta ego ojii na-ewe ndị ọrụ ọcha n'oge iri afọ mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Dị ka otu nnyocha mba 1928 nke e bipụtara na 1931-32 ''Negro Year Book'' si kwuo, ihe na-erughị 1.2 pasent nke ụlọ ọrụ ojii nwere ndị ọrụ ọcha. Omume Plato nke iwere ndị ọrụ Africa-American n'ọrụ maka ọrụ ya, karịsịa maka ọrụ chọrọ ọrụ ọkachamara, nyere ha ohere ịkwalite nkà ha. Mgbalị ya nwekwara ihe ịga nke ọma n'imepe ndị ọrụ Africa-American ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnotes 12 and 14.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ Kentucky ===
[[Usòrò:Virginia_Avenue_Colored_School_front_detail.jpg|thumb|350x350px| Ụlọ akwụkwọ Virginia Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky]]
Plato hapụrụ Marion gburugburu 1920 ma ọ bụ 1921 ịlaghachi na Louisville, Kentucky, ebe ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-ewu ụlọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan182-84&quot;&gt;Jourdan, pp. 182–84.&lt;/ref&gt; Isi ọrụ ya na mpaghara Louisville gụnyere [[Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|Broadway Temple AME Zion Church]] (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1980) &lt;ref name=&quot;BroadwayChurch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|work=NPGallery: Digital Asset Management System|publisher=National Park Service|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/80001596|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Hugh B. Foshee|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|date=August 5, 1980|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/ba14def9-121f-48ad-a30e-93754cd0e93d|format=PDF|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} and accompanying photographs.&lt;/ref&gt; na James Lee Memorial Presbyterian Church. Plato mekwara ụlọ akwụkwọ agba agba Virginia Avenue (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 2004). &lt;ref name=&quot;VirginiaAveSchool&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Virginia Avenue Colored School|work=NPGallery: Digital Asset Management System|publisher=National Park Service|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/97f8c63b-5952-4a1b-9856-493ba7d67fb6|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Mark D. Frazar|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Virginia Avenue Colored School|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/97f8c63b-5952-4a1b-9856-493ba7d67fb6|format=PDF|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} and accompanying photographs.&lt;/ref&gt; na Simmons College of Kentucky 's Steward Hall, akụkụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji Municipal nke ụlọ akwụkwọ (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1976), &lt;ref name=&quot;Simmons&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Municipal College Campus (Simmons University)|work=NPGallery: Digital Asset Management System|publisher=National Park Service|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/197ce143-b992-4f24-b090-ec20023a990f|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Douglas Stern|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Municipal College Campus (Simmons University)|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/197ce143-b992-4f24-b090-ec20023a990f|format=PDF|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} and accompanying photographs. See also: {{Cite web|title=Campus Life|publisher=Simmons College of Kentucky|url=https://www.simmonscollegeky.edu/campus/|accessdate=December 4, 2019|archivedate=December 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195557/https://www.simmonscollegeky.edu/campus/}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana ụlọ akụ abụọ na Louisville. Ebe obibi nke Plato nyere aka wulite bụ Plato Terrace maka nsọpụrụ ya. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1945, o nyere aka guzobe mpaghara Westover nke obere ụlọ nwere ọnụ ụlọ abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan182-84&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ONeil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Erin O'Neil|title=Kentucky Historical Marker dedicated to architect Samuel Plato|publisher=WAVE 3 News|date=February 17, 2019|url=https://www.wave3.com/2019/02/17/kentucky-historical-marker-dedicated-architect-samuel-plato/|accessdate=December 2, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PhiBetaSigma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bro. Samuel Plato|work=The Chapter: Epsilon Beta Sigma Alumni Chapter|publisher=Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity|url=http://phibetasigmalouisville.org/sample-page/the-chapter|accessdate=November 13, 2019|archivedate=June 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607024908/http://phibetasigmalouisville.org/sample-page/the-chapter}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ gọọmentị etiti ===
[[Usòrò:US_Post_Office—Fredonia_NY_Nov_10.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ụlọ ọrụ Post US na Fredonia, New York]]
A maara Plato nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ọrụ ụlọ nke gọọmentị etiti, a kọkwara na ọ bụ onye mbụ Africa-America ka e nyere nkwekọrịta iji wuo ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi US. Enyere ya nkwekọrịta, nke ka ukwuu na 1930s, iji wuo ma ọ dịkarịa ala 38 US post office na obodo ndị dị ka Coldwater, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] ; Goshen, New York ; Fredonia, New York ; Eaton, New York ; Morgantown, West Virginia ; na Decatur, Alabama . Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị goro Plato ọrụ na post ọfịs na Decatur n'amaghị na ọ bụ onye isi ojii. Iji zere ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma, ọ kwụsịrị oriri nnabata ahụ wee malite ọrụ ozugbo na ọrụ ahụ. Ọrụ gọọmentị etiti ndị ọzọ gụnyere ụlọ gọọmentị na New Philadelphia, Ohio, na nkwekọrịta iji wuo ụlọ agha gọọmentị etiti na Xenia na Zanesville, Ohio . &lt;ref name=&quot;Echo&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ONeil&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB5-6&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnotes 5 and 6.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ụlọ gọọmenti etiti Plato maka ndị ọrụ nchekwa n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] wetara ya nlebara anya mba. N'agbata afọ 1941 na 1946, Plato bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị ọrụ ngo na America ole na ole na United States ga-enye nkwekọrịta oge agha. Ọ bụ ezie na President Franklin D. Roosevelt nyere Executive Order 8802 na June 1941 machibido ịkpa ókè omume na nchekwa ọrụ na awarding gọọmenti etiti agbachitere contracts n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mba agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ nọgidere na-akpa ókè megide African American na-eleghara anya ojii azụmahịa na awarding gọọmenti etiti contracts. &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnotes 7 and 8.&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Plato na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ gụnyere Wake na Midway Hall, nke bụ ebe obibi iji nabata ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ nchekwa Africa-American 800 na Washington, DC Ọrụ ọzọ nke ụlọ gọọmentị etiti ya bụ Sparrows Point, ogige 304 na Baltimore, Maryland. &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB7&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnote 7.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan184&quot;&gt;Jourdan, p. 184.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ obodo ==
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ya, Plato na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo nke gụnyere Òtù Ndị Na-eto Eto Ndị Kraịst, National Urban League, na National Negro Business League . Plato bụ onye otu Phi Beta Sigma fraternity's Epsilon Beta Sigma alumni isi. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka osote onye isi oche nke National Negro Builders Association na 1927. &lt;ref name=&quot;PhiBetaSigma&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato, &quot; footnote 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-achọ Plato dị ka ọkà okwu na Tuskegee Institute, Ụlọ Ọrụ Hampton, na onye nkụzi pụrụ iche na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Engineering na Architecture University Howard . &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;/&gt;

== Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite ==

* Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke injinịa na ihe owuwu nke Mahadum Howard, ebe Plato bụbu onye nkuzi pụrụ iche, kwanyere ya ugwu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;Filson&quot;/&gt;
* Ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Indiana nyefere akara akụkọ ihe mere eme steeti na nsọpụrụ Plato na Julaị 25, 2015, n'ihu J. Woodrow Wilson House (Ụlọ nnabata) na Marion, Indiana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samuel Plato Marker Dedication|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|url=https://secure.in.gov/history/4183.htm|accessdate=December 2, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ewubere akara akụkọ ihe mere eme steeti Kentucky nye Plato n'ihu Broadway Temple AME Zion Church na Louisville, Kentucky, ma rara ya nye na February 1919. &lt;ref name=&quot;ONeil&quot;/&gt;

== Na-arụ ọrụ ==
[[Usòrò:Swallow_Robin_Hall.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Swallow-Robin Hall na Mahadum Taylor dị na Upland, Indiana, bụ Samuel Plato mere &lt;ref name=&quot;Echo&quot;/&gt;]]

=== Indiana ===

* Ụka Baptist mbụ, Marion &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan179-82&quot;&gt;Jourdan, pp. 179–82.&lt;/ref&gt;
* First United Baptist Church, Wabash &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB5&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, “Samuel Plato,” footnote 5.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson ( NRHP ), Marion &lt;ref name=&quot;WilsonHouse&quot;/&gt;
* Ụlọ Platonian, Marion &lt;ref name=&quot;Jourdan179-82&quot; /&gt;
* Ụka Baptist nke Abụọ (NRHP), Bloomington &lt;ref name=&quot;SBC-Bloomington&quot;/&gt;
* Ụlọ obibi Swallow-Robin na Mahadum Taylor, Upland &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB5&quot; /&gt;

=== Kentucky ===

* Broadway Temple AME Zion Church (NRHP), Louisville &lt;ref name=&quot;BroadwayChurch&quot;/&gt;
* Green Street Baptist Church, Louisville &lt;ref name=&quot;ONeil&quot;/&gt;
* James Lee Presbyterian Church, Louisville &lt;ref name=&quot;ONeil&quot; /&gt;
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ Virginia Avenue (NRHP), Louisville &lt;ref name=&quot;VirginiaAveSchool&quot;/&gt;
* Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Simmons College of Kentucky, Louisville &lt;ref name=&quot;PhiBetaSigma&quot;/&gt;

=== New York steeti ===

* Ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi US, Fredonia &lt;ref name=&quot;IHB5-6&quot;&gt;Indiana Historical Bureau, &quot;Samuel Plato,&quot; footnotes 5 and 6.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ohio ===

* Templelọ nsọ Pythia, Martin Luther King nke dị ugbu a na-eme ihe na nka nka nka (ma ọ bụ King Arts Complex), Columbus &lt;ref name=&quot;PhiBetaSigma&quot;/&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
. Persley. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=Dreck Spurlock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OaSAgAAQBAJ|title=African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945|date=March 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95629-5|pages=443–445|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Macon street bears his name, but you don't know his story|url=http://www.historicmacon.org/wwwhistoricmaconorg/blog/2020/2/20/a-macon-street-bears-his-name-but-you-dont-know-his-story|work=Historic Macon Foundation|date=21 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara [[Mahadum Lincoln (Pennsylvania)|Mahadum Lincoln]], wee gụchaa na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Technology nke Carnegie|Carnegie Institute of Technology]] (ugbu a Mahadum Carnegie Mellon) na 1914. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke ihe osise na eserese site na 1915 ruo 1916 na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]. Persley. &lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=Dreck Spurlock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OaSAgAAQBAJ|title=African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945|date=March 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95629-5|pages=443–445|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Macon street bears his name, but you don't know his story|url=http://www.historicmacon.org/wwwhistoricmaconorg/blog/2020/2/20/a-macon-street-bears-his-name-but-you-dont-know-his-story|work=Historic Macon Foundation|date=21 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara [[Mahadum Lincoln (Pennsylvania)|Mahadum Lincoln]], wee gụchaa na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Technology nke Carnegie|Carnegie Institute of Technology]] (ugbu a Mahadum Carnegie Mellon) na 1914. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke ihe osise na eserese site na 1915 ruo 1916 na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Bryan Collier</title>
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      <text bytes="8148" sha1="n8jfb6ljst4phrpnit6vtxsfeg2fkok" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Bryan Collier''' (amụrụ 1967) bụ onye odee na onye na-ese ihe ama ama ama maka ịkọwa akwụkwọ ụmụaka . Ọ meriri ma Coretta Scott King Award, dị ka onye na-ese ihe, na Ezra Jack Keats New Illustrator Award for ''Uptown'' (Holt, 2000), akwụkwọ mbụ o dere ma gosipụta ya. Ọ nwetala ihe nrite King isii dị ka onye na-ese ihe na ọ bụ onye nnata Caldecott Honor ugboro anọ.

Maka onyinye ndụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe ụmụaka, Collier bụ onye nhọpụta ihe ngosi US maka biennial, International Hans Christian Andersen Award na 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2014 HCA Awards|url=https://www.ibby.org/index.php?id=1315|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=www.ibby.org|archivedate=2025-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826063242/https://www.ibby.org/index.php?id=1315}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A zụlitere Bryan Collier na Pocomoke City dị nso na ókèala ndịda Maryland Eastern Shore . Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, o nwere nnukwu nchịkọta akwụkwọ ụmụaka mara mma nke nne ya, onye nkuzi Head Start, ga-ebute n'ụlọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọkacha mmasị ya bụ, ''Whistle for Willie'' site n'aka Ezra Jack Keats, ''Snowy Day'' site Keats, ''Harold na Purple Crayon'' site Crockett Johnson, na ''Ebe Ihe Anụ Na-ahụ'' Maka Maurice Sendak . O kwuru na ya agaghị agụ akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na mbụ; ọ ga-ele anya naanị ihe oyiyi ka ọ kọọrọ ya akụkọ ahụ.

Collier malitere ịrụ ọrụ na watercolors na foto collage mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Art of Reading|author=Collier|first=Brian|others=Compiled by Reading is Fundamental|year=2005|publisher=Dutton Books|isbn=0-525-47484-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/artofreadingfort00read/page/50 50]|url=https://archive.org/details/artofreadingfort00read/page/50}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwuru na ọ bụ ihe dị otú ahụ pịa ya n'otu abalị ma n'echi ya ọ malitere eserese.

Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọ meriri ebe mbụ na asọmpi Congressional na ihe osise ya gosipụtara na Ụlọ Capitol na Washington DC otu afọ.

Collier nwetara akwụkwọ mmụta site na asọmpi talent mba site na Pratt Institute na New York City, otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà na-eduga na United States. O mechara gụchaa Pratt na nsọpụrụ.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Pratt, ọ bụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na Harlem Horizon Art Studio dị n'ime Harlem Hospital Center . Ebe etiti ahụ ghere oghe maka ụmụaka ụlọ ọgwụ yana ụmụaka obodo. O mechara bụrụ onye isi mmemme, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ afọ iri na abụọ.

Collier kwuru na otu n’ime ihe kacha mkpa mere anyị ji chọọ ịbụ akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ụmụaka bụ n’ihi ahụmahụ o nwere na 1995 n’otu ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ bụ́ ebe akwụkwọ ndị ọ hụrụ adịghị ka ya ma ọ bụ ụmụ ya. O chere na ya nwere ike ime nke ọma karị, yabụ nke ahụ bụ ihe ọ rụpụtara.

Collier na-aga n'ihu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Harlem Horizon Art Studio mana ugbu a dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. O kwenyere na ọ dị mkpa ịbụ ezigbo ihe nlereanya maka ụmụaka. Ọ na-ekwu, sị, &quot;Ọ na-enye ndị obodo, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụmụaka na ndị nne na nna ohere ịbịakọta ọnụ maka ihe na-ewuli elu nke ukwuu - iwulite na iwulite ùgwù onwe onye, ịkụziri ekele nke nkà, na idobe ụmụaka jikọtara ma tinye aka na pụọ na mmetụta ọjọọ.&quot; Ọ na-ewepụtakwa oge na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ iji soro ndị nkuzi, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ, na ụmụ akwụkwọ kwurịta banyere akwụkwọ na nka.

== Ụdị ihe atụ ==
Collier na-eji usoro pụrụ iche nke ijikọta agba mmiri na collage.

Ihe mbụ ọ na-eme tupu ya ekee ihe atụ ndị a bụ ịse foto nke ezinụlọ ya ma ọ bụ ndị enyi ya na-eme akụkọ ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eji ihe nkiri ihe ruru mpịakọta iri. O kwenyere na site n'ime ka ndị mmadụ mee akụkọ ahụ, ọ na-egosi ya ihe omume dị mkpa na-eme ka ihe nkiri ahụ pụta ìhè.

== Ihe nrite ==
Collier bụ onye nnata oge anọ nke Caldecott Honor: ''Martin's Big Words'', ''Rosa'', ''Dave the Potter'', na ''Trombone Shorty'' .  Akwụkwọ anọ ahụ so n'ime itoolu Collier nwetara nzere Coretta Scott King Award dị ka onye mmeri ma ọ bụ onye nnata nsọpụrụ. Ihe nrite nke King kwa afọ, otu maka onye na-ese ihe na otu maka onye ode akwụkwọ, na-amata “ihe ngosi kachasị ama nke ahụmịhe [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Africa America]] na akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma”.

== Akwụkwọ ndị gosipụtara ==

* ''Obodo m, 'Tis of Gi'', nke Claire Rudolf Murphy dere, 2014
* ''Knock Knock: Nrọ papa m maka m'' nke Daniel Beaty dere, 2013
* ''Cents iri ise na nrọ: Onye na-eto eto Booker T. Washington'' (nke Jabari Asim dere), 2012
* ''M, kwa, Am America'' nke Langston Hughes dere, 2012
* ''Dave the Potter: Artist, Poet, Ohu'' nke Laban Carrick Hill, 2011
* ''Ọnwa Gị, Ọnwa M: nye Nwatakịrị Ọpụpụ'' (nke Patricia MacLachlan dere), Simon &amp; Schuster, 2011
* ''Dave the Potter: Artist, Poet, Ohu'' (nke Laban Carrick Hill dere), Little, Brown 2010
* ''Doo-Wop Pop'' (nke Roni Schotter dere), Amistad, 2008
* ''Lincoln na Douglass: Enyi America'' (nke Nikki Giovanni dere), Henry Holt na Co., 2008
* ''Barack Obama: Nwa nke Nkwa, Nwa nke olileanya'' (nke Nikki Grimes dere), Simon &amp; Schuster, 2008
* ''Welie olu ọ bụla na abụ'' (nke James Weldon Johnson dere), Amistad, 2007
* ''Cherish Today: A Celebration of Life's Moments'' (nke Kristina Evans dere), Jump na Sun, 2007
* ''12 Gburugburu na Otuto: Akụkọ nke Muhammad Ali'' (nke Charles R. Jr Smith dere), Candlewick 2007
* ''Nnọọ, Dị oke ọnụ'' (nke Nikki Grimes dere), Akwụkwọ Orchard / ngalaba nke Scholastic Press, 2006
* ''Rosa'' (nke Nikki Giovanni dere), Henry Holt na Ụlọ ọrụ, 2005
* ''Nrọ Nzuzo John: Ndụ John Lennon'' (nke Doreen Rappaport dere), Jump na Akwụkwọ Sun / Hyperion maka ụmụaka, 2004
* ''Okpokoro Isi Na-ekwu Azụ na Akụkọ Na-atọ ụtọ Ndị Ọzọ'' (nke [[Zora Neale Hurston]] dere), Ndị mbipụta HarperCollins, 2004
* ''Kedu ihe bụ ọsọ Fox?'' '': na Akụkọ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ'' (nke Zora Neale Hurston chịkọtara; nke Joyce Carol Thomas megharịrị), HarperCollins Publishers, 2004
* ''Abụ m Nwa Gị, Chineke: Ekpere Maka Ụmụaka na Ndị Ntorobịa'' (nke Marian Wright Edelman dere), Jump at the Sun / Hyperion Books for Children, 2002
* ''Susu ya ọnụ nye Chineke'' (abụ ndị Nadine Mozon họpụtara), Fly Site Night Press, 2002
* ''Nleta Langston'' (nke Willie Perdomo dere), Henry Holt na Ụlọ ọrụ, 2002
* ''Malie na Akụ Akụ: Otu akwụkwọ foto nke Africa American'' (ihe ndekọ akụkọ ifo nke Andrea Davis Pinkney chịkọtara), Jump na Akwụkwọ Sun / Hyperion maka Ụmụaka, 2001
* ''Nnukwu Okwu Martin: Ndụ Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'' (nke Doreen Rappaport dere), Jump at the Sun / Hyperion Books for Children, 2001
* ''Osimiri nnwere onwe'' (nke Doreen Rappaport dere), Jump at the Sun / Hyperion Books for Children, 2000
* ''Uptown'' (nke Bryan Collier dere), Henry Holt na Ụlọ ọrụ, 2000
* ''Aka ndị a'' (nke Hope Lynn Price dere), Akwụkwọ Hyperion maka ụmụaka, 1999 

== Ntụaka ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512081412/http://www.rif.org/readingplanet/bookzone/content/collier.mspx Meet the Authors and Illustrators: Bryan Collier] at RIF Reading Planet
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090208171210/http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/contributor.jsp?id=2649 Biography: Bryan Collier] at publisher Scholastic
* https://web.archive.org/web/20060901121801/http://bccb.lis.uiuc.edu/1002focus.html
* [http://www.teachingbooks.net/content/Collier_qu.pdf Bryan Collier Author Program In-depth Interview] at TeachingBooks (2001)
* Bryan Collier at Library of Congress, with 28 library catalog records
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bradford Young</title>
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      <text bytes="9320" sha1="ritqvkttl5val7gj2y706srbun1muig" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Bradford Marcel Young, ASC''' (amuru July 6, 1977) bu onye ihe nkiri America. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Selma'', ''Afọ kacha eme ihe ike'' (ma 2014), ''bịarutere'' (2016) - nke mere ka ọ bụrụ aha maka onyinye Academy Award for Best Cinematography - ''na Solo: A Star Wars Story'' (2018), yana miniseries Netflix ''Mgbe Ha Hụrụ Anyị'' (2019).

== Ndụ mmalite na ndabere ==
Young nọrọ afọ ndị mbụ ya na Louisville, Kentucky, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/movies/2017/02/22/oscar-nominated-bradford-young-am-louisville-kentucky/98049594/|title=Oscar-nominated Bradford Young: 'I am Louisville, Kentucky'|first=Kirby|author=Adams|work=The Courier-Journal|date=February 22, 2017|accessdate=February 22, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Brown na Central High School. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/movies/2017/01/24/louisville-native-bradford-young-gets-oscar-nom/96940520/|title=Louisville native Bradford Young gets Oscar nom|first=Kirby|author=Adams|work=The Courier-Journal|date=January 24, 2017|accessdate=February 22, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kwagara Chicago mgbe ọ dị afọ 15 ka ya na nna ya biri. &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-Custodian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=He's Just a 'Custodian of the Moment': Bradford Young, Cinematographer for 'Middle of Nowhere'|first=Amanda|author=Petrusich|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/movies/bradford-young-cinematographer-for-middle-of-nowhere.html|work=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2012|accessdate=August 31, 2013|quote=Mr. Young has gathered considerable accolades from the indie community (as well as beyond it), but he continues to tussle personally with the insularity of the scene.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwetara mmụọ nka nka n'oge site n'ọrụ nke [[Romare Bearden]], [[Jacob Lawrence]], na [[Aaron Douglas (Onye omenkà)|Aaron Douglas]] . Ọ bụ ezie na o bu n'obi ịmụ akwụkwọ, ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Howard, bụ ebe [[Haile Gerima]] na-emetụta ya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;BTL-Contender&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.btlnews.com/awards/contender-cinematographer-bradford-young-pariah/|title=Contender – Cinematographer Bradford Young, Pariah|first=Leslie|author=Lindeman|date=December 14, 2011|publisher=Below The Line|accessdate=August 31, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022060450/http://www.btlnews.com/awards/contender-cinematographer-bradford-young-pariah/#|archivedate=October 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;WP-Incubator&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Howard University has become incubator for cinematographers|first=Ann|author=Hornaday|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/movies/howard-university-has-become-incubator-for-cinematographers/2013/01/28/39202f00-697f-11e2-ada3-d86a4806d5ee_story_1.html|work=The Washington Post|date=January 28, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2013|quote=For his part, Young credits another film professor, Daniel Williams, and especially Gerima as the spiritual godfather of what may be, by now, fairly codified as a bona fide successor to the L.A. Rebellion — the Howard Continuum.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri mbụ ya na Howard bụ ọrụ otu, ihe nkiri oji na nke ọcha gbara nkịtị na Canon Super 8 . Ịrụ ọrụ na ntọala ya na ndị ọrụ ibe na-eme fim na Howard bụ mmalite ya na ihe nkiri. Tupu ịkwaga Washington, DC maka kọleji, Young na-ekwu na &quot;naanị ihe mere m ji nwee mmasị na fim bụ otú ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ si ele ihe nkiri anya. Ọ na-amasị m ikiri ha.&quot; Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ gara ụlọ ihe nkiri ka ya na ezinụlọ ya hụ ihe nkiri Spike Lee . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/sponsored/9557261/onstar-the-ride-episode-8-bradford-young-cinematographer-selma|title='Selma' cinematographer Bradford Young accidentally fell into filmmaking, and fell in love with it|work=The Verge|accessdate=February 22, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ihe ngosi ihe nkiri mbụ nke ntorobịa dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri gụnyere ''Mississippi Damned'' (2009), ''Pariah'' (2011), ''Restless City'' (2011), ''Middle of Nowhere'' (2012), ''Ain't Them Bodies Saints'' (2013) na ''Nne George'' (2013).  &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-Custodian&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Sundance-2013-Awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundance.org/festival/stories/award-winners/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817014635/http://www.sundance.org/festival/stories/award-winners/|archivedate=August 17, 2012|title=Sundance Festival Award Winners|publisher=Sundance Film Festival|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ meriri ihe nrite Cinematography na Sundance Film Festival ugboro abụọ. Na 2011, ọ meriri maka ọrụ ya na ''Paria'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-Custodian&quot; /&gt; Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ meriri maka ọrụ ya na ''ma Nne George'' na ''Ain't Them Bodies Saints'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sundance-2013-Awards&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye na-ese sinima maka &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwVQ&quot;&gt;Selma&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (2014), onye meriri BET Award maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na 2015. N'otu afọ ahụ, a kpọbatara Young na American Society of Cinematographers (ASC). &lt;ref name=&quot;ASC-webpage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theasc.com/site/news/young-joins-asc/|title=Young Joins ASC - ASC News|publisher=Theasc.com|date=August 13, 2015|accessdate=January 24, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152227/http://www.theasc.com/site/news/young-joins-asc/|archivedate=August 16, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ihe nkiri ngosi ya, Young esorowo ndị nduzi Kathryn Bigelow, Derek Cianfrance, Todd Haynes, Spike Jonze, na Steve McQueen na ọtụtụ obere ihe nkiri na mgbasa ozi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://luxartists.net/bradford-young/|title=Brandford Young, ASC - Lux Artists|work=Lux Artists (website)|accessdate=2024-06-13|archivedate=2023-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003072027/https://luxartists.net/bradford-young/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meela vidiyo egwu maka ndị nka Beck, Common, Kamasi Washington, MGMT, na Norah Jones . Young esorowokwa ndị na-ese ihe bụ Elissa Blount Moorhead na [[Leslie Hewitt]] rụkọọ ọrụ na nrụnye vidiyo nke egosiri na ụlọ ngosi ihe nka mara mma gburugburu ụwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cinematographer-bradford-young-dives-fine-arts-back-song-1242947|title='Arrival' Cinematographer Bradford Young Dives Into Fine Arts With 'Back and Song'|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mcachicago.org/Exhibitions/2014/Leslie-Hewitt-In-Collaboration-With-Bradford-Young|title=Exhibitions: MCA Screens: Leslie Hewitt in Collaboration with Bradford Young|date=May 17, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Young lụrụ Stephanie Etienne, onye natara ekele pụrụ iche n'ime ''Afọ Kasị Ime Ihe ike'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7163962/|title=Stephanie Etienne|work=IMDb|accessdate=February 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na ụmụ ha nwoke abụọ bi ugbu a na Baltimore, Maryland . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Ụdị anya ==
Na-eto eto na-ahọrọ agbapụ na ọkụ dị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Pariah'', maka ihe ngosi ime abalị, ọ gbara ọkụ na-eji naanị ọkụ ekeresimesi na oriọna IKEA nwere oriọna na-acha uhie uhie. &lt;ref name=&quot;BTL-Contender&quot;/&gt; Amanda Petrusich n'akwụkwọ akụkọ 2012 ya na Young for ''The New York Times'' na-ekwu na ọ &quot;na-akwado ọkụ ọkụ ma nwee mmasị maka ịgbanye n'ime ya, mana o kwuru na ọ na-elekwasị anya na ịpụ n'ụzọ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-Custodian&quot;/&gt;

N'ime edemede 2013 sitere na ''The Washington Post'' banyere ndị na-ese ihe nkiri a zụrụ azụ na Mahadum Howard, Hans Charles, onye na-enyere aka igwefoto oge niile maka Young kwuru na ya ewepụtala ihe dị iche iche mana ọ na-abụkwa abụ uri, ụdị ọhụụ na-adịghị mma. &lt;ref name=&quot;WP-Incubator&quot;/&gt;

'''Igwe onyonyo'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! Aha
! Onye nduzi
! Ihe ndetu
|-
| 2019
| ''Mgbe Ha Hụrụ Anyị''
| Ava DuVernay
| Nhọpụta – Primetime Emmy Award maka ihe nkiri nkiri pụtara ìhè
|}

== Ihe nrite na nnabata ==

* NOMINATED - Megharia Mmekọrịta Media Arts (Rockefeller Foundation) (2008) 
* Ihu ọhụrụ 25 nke ihe nkiri kwụụrụ onwe ya site na ''Magazin Filmmaker'' (2009) 
* Ihe nrite Cinematography, Ihe nkiri US, Ememme Nkiri Sundance maka ''Pariah'' (2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-Custodian&quot;/&gt;
* Cinematography Award, US Dramatic, Sundance Film Festival maka ''Nne George'' na ''Abụghị Ha Ahụ Ndị Nsọ'' (2013) &lt;ref name=&quot;Sundance-2013-Awards&quot;/&gt;
* NOMINATED - Ihe nrite ụlọ akwụkwọ maka sinima kacha mma maka ''mbata'' (2016)
* NOMINATED - British Academy of Film and Television Arts Film Award maka Kasị Mma Cinematography maka ''ọbịbịa'' (2016) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* NOMINATED - Primetime Emmy Award maka Cinematography pụtara ìhè maka usoro nwere oke maka ''mgbe ha hụrụ anyị'' (2019)

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}ya.   Ihe nkiri mbụ ya na Howard bụ ọrụ otu, ihe nkiri oji na nke ọcha gbara nkịtị na Canon Super 8 . Ịrụ ọrụ na ntọala ya na ndị ọrụ ibe na-eme fim na Howard bụ mmalite ya na ihe nkiri. Tupu ịkwaga Washington

== Njikọ mpụga ==

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    <title>Christine Y. Kim</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Christine Y. Kim''' bụ onye America na-ahụ maka nka nke oge a. Ọ bụ ugbu a Briton Family Curator-at-Large at Tate . Tupu ọkwa a, Kim nwere ọnọdụ nke Curator of Contemporary Art na Los Angeles County Museum of Art . Tupu nhọpụta ya na LACMA na 2009, ọ bụ onye enyemaka Curator na The Studio Museum na Harlem na New York. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abrams|first=Amy|title=Christine Y. Kim|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/interviews/christine-kim/|work=Art in America|date=6 June 2012|accessdate=17 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma maka ihe ngosi ya na mbipụta ya na ndị na-ese ihe na agba, okwu ndị mba ọzọ na ndị a kpapụrụ iche, yana teknụzụ na nka nke narị afọ 21st.

== Ndụ mbido ==
Kim, onye Korea America, amụrụ na Newport Beach wee zụlite na mpaghara San Francisco Bay . &lt;ref name=&quot;LAT10&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara kọleji Connecticut, ebe ọ ghọrọ ezigbo enyi na onye nrụpụta ejiji n'ọdịnihu Peter Som . &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT04&quot;&gt;  {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/17/garden/house-proud-fine-found-and-borrowed.html|title=House Proud; Fine, Found And Borrowed|author=Barreneche|first=Raul A.|date=June 17, 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 16, 2023|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ kwagara New York na 1993. N'otu oge, ọ na-akpọ bass guitar n'otu egwu egwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT04&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ ihe ngosi nka nke mbụ Kim ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na Whitney Museum of American Art na 1999. E goro ya ngwa ngwa dị ka onye edemede na Ngalaba Mmụta, na-enye aka nyocha na ederede na ndị na-ese ihe na ọrụ nkà na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide maka The American Century ebe ọ zutere ndị ọzọ na-achọsi ike na-eto eto curators na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ nkà nke ndị na-ese ihe na-acha agba dị ka. [[Franklin Sirmans]] na Lisa Dent .

Na 2000, na-esochi nhọpụta nke [[Lowery Stokes Sims]] na Thelma Golden dị ka onye nduzi na osote onye nduzi maka ihe ngosi na mmemme, n'otu n'otu, na Studio Museum na Harlem, Kim e goro dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ndị na-elekọta mmadụ ma mesịa kwalite ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka onye nlekọta na onye nlekọta. Kim haziri ihe ngosi a ''Freestyle'' (2000) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cotter|first=Holland|date=2001-05-11|title=ART REVIEW; A Full Studio Museum Show Starts With 28 Young Artists and a Shoehorn (Published 2001)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/11/arts/art-review-a-full-studio-museum-show-starts-with-28-young-artists-and-a-shoehorn.html|accessdate=2021-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-eme ka okwu ahụ bụrụ &quot; nka mgbe oji gasịrị &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;AN21&quot; /&gt; na igosi ọrụ ndị nka dịka Mark Bradford, Jennie C. Jones, [[Dave McKenzie (artist)|Dave McKenzie]], na [[Julie Mehretu]] . Na 2003, ọ haziri ''Black Belt'', ihe ngosi nke gosipụtara ọrụ Black na, maka oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe ngosi nka, ndị na-ese ihe na Asia America dị ka [[Sanford Biggers]], Patty Chang, [[Ellen Gallagher]], [[David Hammons]], [[Arthur Jafa]], na Glenn Kaino, na nlegharị anya ha na njikọ omenala gafee na ngwakọ na-etolite na 1970s omenala ewu ewu. &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT2003&quot;&gt;  {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/28/arts/art-review-a-cornucopia-of-cultural-exchange-beginning-with-a-martial-arts-hero.html|title=A Cornucopia of Cultural Exchange, Beginning With a Martial Arts Hero|author=Smith|first=Roberta|date=November 28, 2003|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 16, 2023|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye nyocha nka nka Roberta Smith toro ihe ngosi ahụ maka nnabata ya maka &quot;ahịrị dị iche iche nke agbụrụ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ&quot; mana ọ katọkwara ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka &quot;dị mfe&quot; ma tinye n'ime &quot;agụmakwụkwọ nka na echiche nkịtị&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT2003&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2007, Kim haziri ''Henry Taylor: Sis na Bra'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=Henry Taylor|url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/henry-taylor-sis-and-bra|accessdate=2021-03-11|work=The Studio Museum in Harlem|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke mbụ nke onye na-ese ihe.

N'ọgwụgwụ 2009, a goro Kim n'ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ na Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), &lt;ref name=&quot;LAT10&quot;&gt;  {{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-curators4-2010apr04-story.html|title=New faces on Southland art museum scene|author=Muchnic|first=Suzanne|date=April 4, 2010|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 16, 2023|quote=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMuchnic2010&quot;&gt;Muchnic, Suzanne (April 4, 2010). [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-curators4-2010apr04-story.html &quot;New faces on Southland art museum scene&quot;]. ''[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ Los Angeles Times|The Los Angeles Times]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;  {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/08/arts/design/museums-curators-diversity-employment.html|title=With New Urgency, Museums Cultivate Curators of Color|author=Pogrebin|first=Robin|date=August 8, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 16, 2023|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ ghọrọ &quot;ike n'ime ihe nkiri obodo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;AN21&quot;&gt;  {{Cite web|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/christine-y-kim-tate-curator-at-large-1234611006/|title=LACMA's Christine Y. Kim Named Curator-at-Large at Tate|author=Greenberger|first=Alex|date=|work=[[ARTnews]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 16, 2023|quote=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGreenberger&quot;&gt;Greenberger, Alex. [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/christine-y-kim-tate-curator-at-large-1234611006/ &quot;LACMA's Christine Y. Kim Named Curator-at-Large at Tate&quot;]. ''[[Akụkọ ARTnews|ARTnews]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi ya gụnyere ''James Turell: A Retrospective'' (2013-14), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Knight|first=Christopher|date=2013-05-28|title=Art review: The light through James Turrell's eyes|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-0527-knight-turrell-review-20130528-story.html|accessdate=2021-03-11|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; jikọtara ya na Govan, bụ onye meriri ebe mbụ maka ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi nka kacha mma na US site na International Art Critics Association (AICA-USA), ewepụtara n'otu n'otu na nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Turrell na Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, na Museum of Fine Arts Houston (MFAH); ''Ọdịdị mmadụ: Art Contemporary from the Collection'' (2011), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Weekly|first=L. A.|date=2011-05-05|title=Human Nature at LACMA|url=https://www.laweekly.com/human-nature-at-lacma/|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=LA Weekly|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Franklin Sirmans jikọtara ya; ''Isaac Julien: Oge egwuregwu'' (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who Are the Curators Behind 3 Marvelous Shows Coming Up at LACMA?|url=https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/frank-stella-isaac-julien-eleanor-antin-lacma|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=Widewalls|language=en|archivedate=2022-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921203957/https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/frank-stella-isaac-julien-eleanor-antin-lacma}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ akara ngosi ngosi mbụ nke onye na-ese ihe na Los Angeles; na ''Julie Mehretu'' (2019-2021), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-11|title=Julie Mehretu's New LACMA Survey Reveals an Artist at the Peak of Her Power—But Also One Unusually Eager to Share the Credit|url=https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/julie-mehretu-lacma-review-1699149|accessdate=2021-03-11|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyocha nke etiti na-arụ ọrụ na [[Rujeko Hockley]], nke gara na High Museum of Art, Atlanta na Walker Art Center, Minneapolis. &lt;ref name=&quot;AN21&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2019, a kwalitere Kim ka ọ bụrụ onye nlekọta zuru oke na LACMA.

== Ndepụta ihe ngosi ==

=== Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Los Angeles County ===

* Ejikọtara [https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/black-american-portraits ''Portraits Black American''] na Liz Andrews, 2021
* ''[https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/julie-mehretu Julie Mehretu]'' ,* 2019 - 2021 haziri ya na Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 2020; ịga na High Museum of Art, Atlanta 2020–21; na Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 2021
* [https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/isaac-julien-playtime ''Isaac Julien: Oge egwuregwu''], 2019
* ''[https://unframed.lacma.org/2017/03/30/frances-starks-magic-flute Frances Stark: Flute Ime Anwansi]'', 2017
* ''[https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/diana-thater-sympathetic-imagination Diana Thater: Mmetụta ọmịiko]'', * 2015 jikọtara ya na Lynne Cooke ; nlegharị anya Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, 2016–17
* ''[https://unframed.lacma.org/2015/04/07/double-agency-my-barbarians-new-work-lacmas-50th My Barbarian: Ugboro abụọ Agency]'', jikọtara ya na Rita Gonzalez, 2015
* ''[https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/james-turrell-retrospective James Turrell: A Retrospective]'', * 2013-15 jikọtara ya na Michael Govan na njikọ Museum of Fine Arts, Houston na Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York; legharịa anya National Gallery nke Australia, Canberra, 2014 na [[Israel Museum|The Israel Museum]], Jerusalem, 2014–15
* ''[https://unframed.lacma.org/2012/08/08/figure-and-form-in-contemporary-photography Ọgụgụ na mpempe akwụkwọ na foto nke oge a: Nhọrọ site na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide]'', 2012
* ''[https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/christian-marclay-clock Christian Marclay: Elekere]'', 2011, 2012, 2015
* ''[https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/human-nature-contemporary-art-collection Ọdịdị mmadụ: Nhọrọ site na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide]'', 2011
* ''[https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/teresa-margolles Teresa Margolles]'' na mmekorita ya na Los Angeles Nomadic Division (LAND), 2010–11

=== Ụlọ ihe nkiri Studio na Harlem ===

* [https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/kehinde-wiley-world-stage-africa-lagosdakar ''Kehinde Wiley: World Stage Africa, Lagos'' – Dakar] ,* 2008
* ''[https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/flow Ọsọ]'' * 2008
* ''[https://www.studiomuseum.org/artist/odili-donald-odita#:~:text=Equalizer%2C%20by%20artist%20Odili%20Donald,forced%20migration%20in%20world%20history. Odili Donald Odita: Equalizer]'', 2008
* ''Eserese, Okirikiri ala na Abstraction: Isi ihe sitere na Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio dị na mkpokọta Harlem na-adịgide adịgide na Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo'' ,* Hon. Michael Bloomberg, 2007–09
* [https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/midnight%E2%80%99s-daydream-titus-kaphar-demetrius-oliver-and-wardell-milan-artists-residence ''Nrọ abalị etiti abalị: Ndị na-ese ihe na-ebi''] ,* 2007
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/henry-taylor-sis-and-bra Henry Taylor: Sis na Bra]'', 2007
* [https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/philosophy-time-travel-edgar-arceneaux-vincent-galen-johnson-olga-koumoundouros-rodney ''Nkà ihe ọmụma nke njem oge''] ,* 2007
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/silhouette-collection-context Mkpokọta n'ọnọdụ: Silhouette]'', 2007
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/quid-pro-quo-2005-2006-artists-residence-rashawn-griffin-karyn-olivier-and-clifford-owens#:~:text=The%20art%20of%20Rashawn%20Griffin,is%20also%20a%20legal%20term. Quid Pro Quo: Ndị na-ese ihe na-ebi]'' ,* 2006
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/quid-pro-quo-2005-2006-artists-residence-rashawn-griffin-karyn-olivier-and-clifford-owens#:~:text=The%20art%20of%20Rashawn%20Griffin,is%20also%20a%20legal%20term. Nadine Robinson: Alles Grau]'' ,* 2006
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/frequency Ugboro]'', * 2005
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/collection-context-selections-permanent-collection Mkpokọta na ọnọdụ: Nhọrọ sitere na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide]'', 2005
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/meschac-gaba-tresses Meschac Gaba: Tresses]'' ,* 2005
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/scratch-william-cordova-michael-queenland-and-marc-andr%C3%A9-robinson-artists-residence-2004 Scratch: Ndị na-ese ihe na-ebi]'' ,* 2005
* ''Lamar Peterson: Foto dị na foto'', 2005
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/figuratively-dave-mckenzie-wangechi-mutu-and-william-villalongo-artists-residence-2003 N'ihe atụ]'' * 2004
* ''Veni Vidi Video II'', 2004
* [https://issuu.com/studiomuseum/docs/air2002-03_brochure_web ''Aka, Aka ala: Ndị na-ese ihe na-ebi''] ,* 2003
* ''Black Belt'' ,* 2003.
* ''Vidiyo Veni Vidi'', 2003
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/collection-context-selections-permanent-collection Mkpokọta na ọnọdụ: Nhọrọ site na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide]'', 2002
* ''[https://issuu.com/studiomuseum/docs/artistinresidence2001-02_brochure_w Iconic dị egwu: Ndị na-ese ihe na-ebi]'' ,* 2002
* ''Edgar Arceneaux: Ihe osise nke mwepụ'', 2002
* ''Africa'', 2001
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mw5g&quot;&gt;Freestyle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ,* 2001
* ''John Bankston: Njide na mgbapụ nke Mr. M, Ch.'' ''1,'' 2001
* ''[https://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/harlem-postcards-winter-2020 Kaadị akwụkwọ ozi Harlem]'' (ọrụ oge na-aga n'ihu), 2002 - 2007

== Ntụaka ==
na-ese ihe na ọrụ nkà na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide maka The American Century ebe ọ zutere ndị ọzọ na-achọsi ike na-eto eto curators onye meriri ebe mbụ maka ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi nka kacha mma na US site na {{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kim, Y. Christine}} 
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'''Maren Hassinger''' (amụrụ '''Maren Louise Jenkins''' na 1947) &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Megerian, Maureen. “Entwined with Nature: The Sculpture of Maren Hassinger.” ''Woman's Art Journal'', vol. 17, no. 2, 1996, pp. 21–25. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1358463.&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye omenkà na onye nkuzi [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye America]] nke ọrụ ya ruru afọ iri anọ. Hassinger na-eji ihe ọkpụkpụ, ihe nkiri, ịgba egwu, nka nka na nka ọha na eze chọpụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụwa okike na ihe mmepụta ihe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-etinye ihe ndị a na-eme kwa ụbọchị na nka ya, dị ka eriri waya, akpa rọba, alaka, unyi, akwụkwọ akụkọ, ihe mkpofu, akwụkwọ, na igbe kaadiboodu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Frank|first=Priscilla|date=2017-02-20|title=Museums Celebrate The Black Women Artists History Has Overlooked|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/black-women-artists-museums_n_58a499b2e4b094a129f1513c|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=HuffPost|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hassinger ekwuputala na ọrụ ya “na-elekwasị anya na ihe, ma ọ bụ ọbụna nsogbu — mmekọrịta ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi — nke anyị niile na-ekekọrịta, na nke anyị niile nwere oke…. Achọrọ m ka ọ bụrụ nkwupụta mmadụ na nke mmadụ gbasara ọdịnihu anyị ọnụ. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-08-06|title=Maren Hassinger|url=https://landmarks.utexas.edu/video-art/maren-hassinger|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=LANDMARKS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịbụ onye zụrụ azụ n'ịgba egwu, Hassinger gbanwere n'ịme ihe ọkpụkpụ na nka na kọleji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maren Hassinger {{!}} MoMA|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/41280|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hassinger nwetara MFA ya na Fiber Arts site na UCLA na 1973. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi emeritus nke Rinehart School of Sculpture na Maryland Institute College of Art afọ iri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mica.edu/graduate-programs/rinehart-school-of-sculpture-mfa/maren-hassinger/|title=Maren Hassinger, Director|date=2018|work=MICA|accessdate=2019-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ebi ugbu a ma na-arụ ọrụ na New York City.

== Ndụ mbido ==
Na 1947, Maren Louise Jenkins mụrụ na [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], nye Helen Mills Jenkins, onye uwe ojii na onye nkuzi, na nna nwụrụ anwụ, Carey Kenneth Jenkins, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Mgbe ọ ka dị obere, o gosiri onyinye nka ma gosi mmasị nne ya n'ịhazi ifuru na ọrụ nna ya na-arụ na tebụl ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Megerian, Maureen. “Entwined with Nature: The Sculpture of Maren Hassinger.” ''Woman's Art Journal'', vol. 17, no. 2, 1996, pp. 21–25. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1358463.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Na 1965, ọ debanyere aha na Bennington College wee gụchaa na Bachelor of Arts na ọkpụkpụ na 1969. O bu n'obi na mbụ ịmụ ịgba egwu, nke ọ na-eme kemgbe ọ dị afọ ise, na Bennington . Kama nke ahụ, ọ chọrọ itinye akụkụ nke ịgba egwú n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ ya.

== Ọrụ na mmetụta ==
Maren Hassinger malitere nnwale nka nka na ogige junkyard Los Angeles na mbido 1970, ebe ọ hụrụ ọtụtụ ụdọ waya ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ chọpụtara na a pụrụ iji ihe ndị ahụ kpụrụ akpụ nakwa dị ka eriri nke a pụrụ iji mee ka ọ yie ndụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụ n'oge a na 1970 ka Hassinger malitere imekọ ihe ọnụ na onye na-ese ihe [[Senga Nengudi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://radicalpresenceny.org/?page_id=356|title=Senga Nengudi {{!}} Radical Presence NY|work=radicalpresenceny.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-ese ihe abụọ ahụ zutere mgbe ha abụọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ese ihe CETA nke Brockman Gallery na-elekọta. Mmemme nke gọọmenti etiti kwadoro nyere Hassinger aka imepụta ''Osisi iri na abụọ #2'' na 1979. &lt;ref&gt;Interview by Virginia Maksymowicz, as part of panel presentation &quot;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buyQG0d2Dq0 How an Almost-Forgotten Federal Program Kickstarted the Feminist Art Movement],&quot; Women's Caucus for Art and City Lore Gallery, March 9, 2022 7:00pm; time-stamp 44:53-46:45; retrieved 2023-8-4.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịkọba ma ọrụ ọkpụkpụ na arụmọrụ, Hassinger na Nengudi na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ka atụlere tupu oge ha n'ihi usoro ha nke &quot;ịjikọta ihe ọkpụkpụ, ịgba egwu, ihe nkiri, egwu na ihe ndị ọzọ na mmụọ imekọ ihe ọnụ nke nzukọ obodo na avant-garde. Brio nke ihe omume Allan Kaprow.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Senga Nengudi : alt.|author=Nengudi, Senga|others=Jones, Kellie, 1959-, White Cube (Gallery)|year=2014|isbn=978-1906072872|location=London|oclc=900736735}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/27/entertainment/la-ca-pst-kellie-jones-interview-20111127|title=Q&amp;A: Maren Hassinger and Senga Nengudi|author=Finkel|first=Jori|date=2011-11-27|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2018-03-10|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, Hassinger na-eji mmegharị nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na ịgba egwu ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artandpractice.org/exhibitions/the-spirit-of-things/|title=The Spirit of Things {{!}} Art + Practice|work=www.artandpractice.org|accessdate=2019-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na ole na ole n'ime ọrụ ha sitere na 1970 ka dị, Hassinger na Nengudi nọgidere na-arụkọ ọrụ, na Hassinger na-arụ ọrụ Nengudi's ''RSVPX'' sculpture dị ka n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://frieze.com/article/senga-nengudi|title=Senga Nengudi|journal=Frieze|date=16 February 2015|issue=169|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-10|author=Sherlock|first=Amy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
Site na vidiyo na-akpụ akpụ, Hassinger enyochala mmekọrịta ezinụlọ nke onwe ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme ezinụlọ nke ya iji gboo isiokwu nke njirimara. Nwa ya nwanyị, Ava Hassinger, bụkwa onye na-ese ihe. Ha abụọ ewepụtala vidiyo nke ha na-emekọ ihe nkiri improvisational ọnụ n'okpuru aha &quot;Matriarch.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Na 2004, ''Daily Mask'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-02-10|title=Daily Mask|url=https://aapaa.org/artists/maren-hassinger/artistsmaren-hassingerdaily-mask/|accessdate=2023-05-20|work=African American Performance Art Archive|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bụ ihe nkiri 16mm zigara na vidiyo. Ọ na-egosi Hassinger na-eme akụkọ onwe ya na ntụleghachi azụ n'oge gara aga Africa site na mkpakọrịta maka ihe ọkpụkpụ, nka / omenala, na okwu gbasara nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-12-13|title=Maren Hassinger Biography|url=https://aapaa.org/artists/maren-hassinger/maren-hassinger-biography/|accessdate=2022-10-09|work=African American Performance Art Archive|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gburugburu ==
A kọwawo ọrụ Hassinger dị ka &quot;ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi,&quot; mana Hassinger n'onwe ya ahụghị ọrụ ya dị ka nke a. Kama, o bu n'obi iwepụta nkwupụta gbasara mmadụ gbasara ọha mmadụ na ihe jikọrọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Ọ na-ekpughe ka echiche omenala na-enweghị isi bụ n'ihi otu o si ewepụta ihe mgbochi agbụrụ na nke ọha na eze na-ewepụ myirịta na myirịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Ọzọkwa, Hassinger ka na-ekwusi ike na mkparịta ụka dị ugbu a gbasara agbụrụ na okike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ọzọkwa, Hassinger ekwuwo okwu banyere nha anya na ọrụ dị ka ''ịhụnanya'', ihe ngosi nke ọtụtụ narị akpa akpa pink pink, nke ọ bụla nwere akwụkwọ ịhụnanya. Mpempe akwụkwọ ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi otú o si enwe ike ịkpalite ịma mma na isiokwu gbasara ọha mmadụ na-eji ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị kwa ụbọchị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/06/06/maren-hassinger-is-now-represented-by-susan-inglett-gallery/|title=Maren Hassinger is Now Represented by Susan Inglett Gallery|author=Valentine|first=Victoria|date=6 June 2018|work=Culture Type}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onye nkuzi ==
Site na 1997 ruo 2017, ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Rinehart nke ọkpụkpụ na Maryland Institute College of Art . &lt;ref name=&quot;materialgirls&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=1st|publisher=Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History &amp; Culture|isbn=9780615436142|author=Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History and Culture|title=Material Girls: Contemporary Black Women Artists|location=Baltimore, Md|pages=30|date=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/black-women-artists-museums_us_58a499b2e4b094a129f1513c|title=Museums Celebrate The Black Women Artists History Has Overlooked|author=Frank|first=Priscilla|date=2017-02-20|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=2017-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hassinger bụ prọfesọ na-esote na Mahadum Stony Brook afọ ise.

== Na-arụ ọrụ ==

* ''Osisi iri na abụọ #2'', Mulholland Drive Off-ramp, San Diego Freeway, northbound, Los Angeles, CA, 1979 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesquotidian.com/2011/10/19/inside-the-artist-studio_maren-hassinger/|title=Inside the Artist's Studio – Maren Hassinger|work=www.timesquotidian.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-11|archivedate=2017-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815233822/http://www.timesquotidian.com/2011/10/19/inside-the-artist-studio_maren-hassinger/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ndabere, 1980 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/283693|title=Maren Hassinger. Leaning. 1980 {{!}} MoMA|work=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''N'ala dị ize ndụ'', 1981 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BOMB Magazine — Maren Hassinger by Mary Jones|url=http://bombmagazine.org/article/0829120/maren-hassinger|accessdate=2017-07-01|work=bombmagazine.org|language=en|archivedate=2017-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320182046/http://bombmagazine.org/article/0829120/maren-hassinger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170320182046/http://bombmagazine.org/article/0829120/maren-hassinger Ahịhịa pink]'', Lynwood, CA, 1982 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bombmagazine.org/article/0829120/maren-hassinger|title=BOMB Magazine — Maren Hassinger by Mary Jones|work=bombmagazine.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-11|archivedate=2017-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320182046/http://bombmagazine.org/article/0829120/maren-hassinger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ihe olu Osisi'', Ememme Atlanta maka Arts, Atlanta, GA, 1985-85
* Bushes na Socrates Sculpture Park, Socrates Sculpture Park, Astoria, Queens, NY, 1988 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/maren-hassinger/|title=Socrates Sculpture Park|work=socratessculpturepark.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Plaza Planters na Tree Grates, Kọmishọna maka Ogbe Ndịda [[Seattle]] Transit Project, Seattle, WA, 1986–90
* Ubi, Nasher Center Sculpture, 1989 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection Landing|url=https://www.nashersculpturecenter.org/art/collection#!/artcollection/f/detail/object/3338/7905?artist=maren-hassinger&amp;title=field|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=www.nashersculpturecenter.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ahịhịa dị ogologo, Roosevelt Island, New York, NY, 1989-90 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/hassing1.shtml|title=Maren Hassinger - NYC Department of Cultural Affairs|work=www.nyc.gov|accessdate=2016-03-05|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124116/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/hassing1.shtml}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Circle nke Bushes, maka CW Post, Mahadum Long Island, Brookville, NY, 1991
* ''Ụlọ igwe ojii'', Commission for the Greater Pittsburgh International Airport, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992
* ''Onyunyo mgbede'', University Art Museum, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 1993 &lt;ref name=&quot;nycculture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://web.csulb.edu/org/uam/HTML/collections/SCULPTURE/1Hassinger.html|title=Evening Shadows|work=UAM SCULPTURE PARK, CA State University, Long Beach|accessdate=5 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Igbe windo,'' ihe ngosi nka Whitney na Philip Morris, NY, 1993 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;
* ''Nkpuchi akwụkwọ,'' PS 8, NY, 1995 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* ''Ancestor Walk'', Commission for the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, 1996 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/hassing1.shtml|title=Maren Hassinger - NYC Department of Cultural Affairs|work=www.nyc.gov|accessdate=2017-07-01|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124116/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/hassing1.shtml}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Art in the Garden,'' Grant Park, Chicago, IL, 2004-5 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* ''Osisi Ọmụma'', 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/542947/a-maren-hassinger-installation-blossoms-from-a-tree-of-knowledge-rooted-in-a-majority-black-florida-town/|title=A Maren Hassinger Installation Blossoms From a &quot;Tree of Knowledge&quot; Rooted in a Majority Black Florida Town|date=2020-02-17|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi Otu ahọpụtara ==
Ihe ngosi otu ahọpụtara gụnyere: &lt;ref name=&quot;Spelman&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maren Hassinger . . . Dreaming|url=http://museum.spelman.edu/exhibitions/maren-hassinger-full-circle-spring-2015/|publisher=SPELMAN COLLEGE MUSEUM OF FINE ART|accessdate=5 March 2017|archivedate=11 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611204028/http://museum.spelman.edu/exhibitions/maren-hassinger-full-circle-spring-2015/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MICA bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Faculty Biographies/Maren Hassinger|url=https://www.mica.edu/Documents/FacultyBiographies/Maren_Hassinger.pdf|publisher=Maryland Institute College of Art|accessdate=5 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://radicalpresenceny.org/?page_id=339|title=Maren Hassinger {{!}} Radical Presence NY|work=radicalpresenceny.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2022, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Hammer na Mahadum California, Los Angeles, haziri ihe ngosi ''Joan Didion: Ihe Ọ Pụtara'', nke New Yorker onye nkatọ Hilton Als kwadoro. Ihe ngosi ahụ mere njem na Pérez Art Museum Miami na 2023, na ọrụ Maren Hassinger gụnyere n'akụkụ ihe osise nke 50 ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe nkiri ụwa dị ugbu a dị ka Félix González-Torres, Vija Celmins, [[Betye Saar]], Ana Mendieta, Silke Otto-Knapp, John Koch, Ed Ruscha, Pat Steir, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Als|first=Hilton|title=Joan Didion - what she means|date=2022|publisher=DelMonico Books|others=Hammer Museum|isbn=978-1-63681-057-7|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Joan Didion: What She Means • Pérez Art Museum Miami|url=https://www.pamm.org/en/exhibition/joan-didion-what-she-means/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Pérez Art Museum Miami|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

mkpofu, akwụkwọ, na igbe kaadiboodu.   Hassinger ekwuputala na ọrụ ya “na-elekwasị anya na ihe, ma ọ bụ ọbụna nsogbu — mmekọrịta ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi — nke anyị niile na-ekekọrịta -enweghị isi bụ n'ihi otu o si ewepụta ihe mgbochi agbụrụ na nke ọha na eze na-ewepụ myirịta na myirịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Ọzọkwa, Hassinger ka na-ekwusi ike na

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, ''Anyị chọrọ mgbanwe: Black Radical Women 1965-85'' (2017)
* Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, Houston, [[Texas]], USA ''Radical Presence: Ọrụ ojii na nka nke oge a'' (2012)
* Havana Biennial, ''Cinema emegharịgharịrị wee bugharịa 2.0'', (2012)
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Hammer, Los Angeles, California, USA ''Ugbu a Gwuo Nke a!'' '': Art nke Black Los Angeles 1960 – 1980'' (2011)
* Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA. , ''Ịgba egwu/isere'', (2011)
* Spelman College Museum of Fine Art, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ''Ụmụ nwanyị ihe onwunwe: Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ojii nke oge a'' (2011)
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio na Harlem, [[New York City|New York, NY.]] , ''VideoStudio: Ntugharị'', (2011)
* Reginald F. Lewis Museum, Baltimore, MD. , ''Ụmụ nwanyị ihe onwunwe'', (2011)
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke nka na imewe, New York, NY, ''Global Africa Project,'' (2010)
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio na Harlem, New York, NY. , ''30 Sekọnd n'akụkụ otu sentimita'', (2009)

== Ntụaka ==
Hassinger ekwuputala na ọrụ ya “na-elekwasị anya na ihe, ma ọ bụ ọbụna nsogbu —{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Crip Hall</title>
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      <text bytes="2276" sha1="dz59gyx23g5ibc5va25fjrd20ydgq7q" xml:space="preserve">'''Claris Gustavius &quot;Crip&quot; Hall''' (Ọktoba 8, 1901 - Jenụwarị 14, 1961) o bu one oka ikpe na onye  ndoro ndoro Ọchịchị ruru oru  dika Secretary nke State nke Arkansas afo iri abuo na ise. O nwere aha Crip ihi nkwaru o nwere ihi polio on were mgbe odi ntakiri.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Hall na October 8, 1901, na Social Hill, Arkansas, Obodo na-enweghị ụlọ ọrụ dị nso na Malvern, Arkansas na Ugwu Ouachita, nye John R. Hall na Elizabeth (née Hodges) Hall. Ọ gara Malvern School District ma gbaa bọọlụ na otu egwuregwu baseball. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara Mahadum nke Arkansas, nweta akara ugo mmụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ na 1924. Hall na-arụsi ọrụ ike na campus, na-aghọ onye otu Kappa Sigma fraternity, na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke klas nke abụọ, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye njikwa azụmahịa nke The Arkansas Traveler, akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ akwụkwọ UA. O guzobekwara Arkansas Booster Club . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Herndon|first=Dallas Tabor|title=Annals of Arkansas|year=1947|publisher=Historical Record Association|location=[[Hopkinsville, Kentucky]]|oclc=3920841}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ lụrụ Nancy Pearl Johnson na October 5, 1929. Hall debanyere aha na Arkansas Law School, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka William H. Bowen School of Law, wee malite ịrụ ọrụ iwu na [[E. B. Dillon]], na-anọchite anya nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na steeti niile.

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Hall chọrọ ịbanye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1934 site n'ịgba odeakwụkwọ nke Arkansas [[Ed F. McDonald]] aka na ntuli aka Democratic. N'oge Solid South, Democratic Party nwere ikike siri ike nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọfịs ọ bụla na South, gụnyere [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]]. A na-ewere mmeri na ntuli aka Democratic dị ka nhọpụta. McDonald meriri Hall site na 60%-40% nke mmeri.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240617164729/https://uark.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/554 .G. &quot;Crip&quot; Hall Materials - Mahadum nke Arkansas Libraries, Special Collections]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hall, Crip}}
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      <text bytes="40690" sha1="obka8xh01vtfxenlj2g3014135b4sby" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Ecosan concept showing a separation of flow streams, treatment and reuse.jpg|thumb|Echiche gburugburu ebe obibi na-egosi nkewa nke iyi na-asọ asọ, ọgwụgwọ na iji ya eme ihe ọzọ; ihe osise 2014]]
Ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a na-akpọkarị ecosan (nke a na-asụgharịkwa eco-san ma ọ bụ EcoSan), bụ ụzọ e si enweta ebe obibi ọcha nke na-achọ iji megharịa excreta na ọrụ ugbo n'enweghị nsogbu.[1] Ọ bụ ụzọ, kama teknụzụ ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nke e ji mara ọchịchọ nke &quot;imechi akaghị&quot;, tumadi maka ihe oriri na ihe ndị dị ndụ n'etiti ịdị ọcha na ọrụ ugbo n'ụzọ dị nchebe. Otu n'ime ebumnuche a bụ ibelata iji akụrụngwa anaghị emeghari. Mgbe emebere ya nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, sistemu ecosan na-enye usoro nchekwa dị ọcha iji mee ka excreta mmadụ bụrụ ihe na-edozi ahụ nke a ga-eweghachi n'ime ala, na iweghachi mmiri n'ala. A na-akpọkwa Ecosan dabere na akụrụngwa
 

== Nkọwa ==
Nkọwa nke ecosan dị iche iche n'oge gara aga. N'afọ 2012, ndị ọkachamara na Sweden chepụtara nkọwa zuru oke nke ecosan: &quot;Sistemụ ịdị ọcha nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ usoro na-enye ohere maka ịmegharị ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-ebelata iji ihe ndị a na-adịghị emeghari emeghari. ike siri ike ịbụ usoro ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ejikwa akụkụ teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke ọma &quot;

Tupu afọ 2012, a na-ejikọkarị ecosan na ntụgharị mamịrị na ọkachasị na ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ na-eme ka mamịrị dị jụụ (UDDTs), ụdị ụlọ mposi akọrọ. N'ihi nke a, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;ụlọ mposi ecosan&quot; eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe mgbe ndị mmadụ na-ekwu maka UDDT.&lt;ref&gt;Rieck, C., von Münch, E., Hoffmann, H. (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/874 Technology review of urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) - Overview on design, management, maintenance and costs]. Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, echiche ecoan ekwesịghị ịbụ naanị otu ụdị ụlọ mposi. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji UDDTs mee ihe n'enweghị ọrụ ọ bụla nke ha na-ekwekọghị na echiche ecosan (ihe atụ bụ UDDTs 80,000 nke eThekwini Municipality mejupụtara na nso Durban, South Africa). &lt;ref&gt;Roma, E., Holzwarth, S., Buckley, C. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/791 Large-scale peri-urban and rural sanitation with UDDTs, eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa] - Case study of sustainable sanitation projects. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ojiji nke okwu &quot;ecosan&quot; ===
Nkọwa nke ecosan dị iche iche n'oge gara aga. N'afọ 2012, ndị ọkachamara na Sweden chepụtara nkọwa zuru oke nke ecosan: &quot;Sistemụ ịdị ọcha nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ usoro na-enye ohere maka ịmegharị ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-ebelata iji ihe ndị a na-adịghị emeghari emeghari. ike siri ike ịbụ usoro ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ejikwa akụkụ teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke ọma.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'echiche ecoan, a na-ewere nsị mmadụ na mmiri na-adịghị mma dị ka ihe nwere ike isi mee - nke bụ ihe mere a na-akpọkwa ya &quot;ihe mkpofu na-emetụta ihe&quot;. A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ bụ &quot;mbu ọcha na-arụpụta ihe&quot; eme ihe kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2006.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== N'iji ya tụnyere okwu ahụ bụ &quot;nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide&quot; ===
Nkọwa nke ecosan na-elekwasị anya na ahụike, gburugburu ebe obibi na akụkụ akụrụngwa nke ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide. Ya mere ecosan abụghị, kwa otu, ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide, ma ecosan usoro nwere ike imejuputa ya n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide ma nwee ikike siri ike maka ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-elekọta akụkụ teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke ọma. Sistemụ Ecosan nwere ike ịbụ “nke anaghị adịgide adịgide” dịka ọmụmaatụ ma ọ bụrụ na nnabata onye ọrụ pere mpe ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa sistemụ ahụ dị oke maka otu ndị ọrụ ebumnuche enyere, na-eme ka usoro ahụ bụrụ nke enweghị ego n'ime ogologo oge..   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
[[Usòrò:EcoSanRes_(2005)._Closing_the_loop_on_Sanitation..jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi site na mmemme EcoSanRes: Imechi loop na Sanitation (2005) ]]
[[Usòrò:Ecosan_closing_the_loop_poster_by_CREPA.jpg|thumb|Ecosan na-emechi ihe ngosi loop (n'asụsụ French), site na NGO CREPA na 2005, a na-eji UDDTs eme ihe n'ihe atụ a]]
Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi bụ iji belata ihe ize ndụ ahụike metụtara ịdị ọcha, mmiri na ihe mkpofu emetọ; iji gbochie mmetọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na mmetọ nke mmiri dị n&quot;elu; yana iji ihe oriri ma ọ bụ ike dị n'ime ihe mkpofu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=GTZ, IWA|year=2003|title=Ecosan - closing the loop - Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium, 7th–11th April 2003, Lübeck, Germany|publisher=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and International Water Association (IWA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nweghachi ihe onwunwe ===
Nkwupụta dị na nkọwa nke ecosan na &quot;nweghachi n'enweghị nsogbu&quot; gụnyere akụkụ dị ọcha, microbial na kemịkal. Ya mere, ihe nsị mmadụ a rụgharịrị arụgharị, n'ụdị siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri, ga-enwe àgwà dị elu ma gbasara pathogens na ụdị kemịkal niile dị ize ndụ. Nkwupụta &quot;iji ihe onwunwe ndị a na-apụghị imezigharị eme ihe na-ebelata&quot; pụtara na uru nke ihe onwunwa site na imegharị ihe ga-adị ukwuu karịa ọnụahịa nke ihe onyinyo site na imeghachi ihe.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ecosan dabeere n'echiche zuru oke nke ihe na-agafe dị ka akụkụ nke usoro nchịkwa mmiri na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba nke dabara na mkpa nke ndị ọrụ na ọnọdụ mpaghara dị iche iche. Ọ naghị akwado teknụzụ mkpofu a kapịrị ọnụ, kama ọ bụ nkà ihe ọmụma ụfọdụ n'ijikwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ ugbu a dị ka mmiri na-adịghị mma na mmiri na-ebute ihe mkpofu maka mkpofu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

==== Iji ya eme ihe ọzọ dị ka fatịlaịza ====
Ndị mbụ na-akwado usoro gburugburu ebe obibi lekwasịrị anya n'ịbawanye mmepụta ugbo (site na iji nsị eme ihe ọzọ dị ka [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]]) wee si otú a melite ọnọdụ nri na-edozi ahụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu oge ahụ na-enye ha ịdị ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;Esrey, S., Andersson, I., Hillers, A., Sawyer, R. (2001). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/788 Closing the Loop - Ecological sanitation for food security]. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche belata ọrịa bụ iji nweta ọ bụghị naanị site n'ibelata ọrịa a na-ebute site na ụzọ nsị na ọnụ kamakwa site n'iwelata nsogbu na-edozi ahụ n'ime ụmụaka. Njikọ a n'etiti WASH, nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrịa a na-akpọ entero-pathic gburugburu ebe obibi (ma ọ bụ entero-poty nke okpomọkụ)  yana uto ụmụaka na-ebelata arịgoola n'elu usoro ihe omume nke ngalaba WASH kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Humphrey|first=J. H.|year=2009|title=Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1792|journal=The Lancet|volume=374|issue=9694|pages=1032–1035|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60950-8|pmid=19766883}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ule ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ụwa egosila uru a na-ahụ anya nke iji nsị a gwọrọ agwọ n'ọrụ ugbo dị ka fatịlaịza na ihe na-edozi ala. Nke a na-emetụta karịsịa iji mamịrị eme ihe. Ule iji ya eme ihe ọzọ na [[Zimbabwe]] gosipụtara nsonaazụ dị mma maka iji mamịrị na ahịhịa ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ahịhịhịa dị ka spinach ma ọ bụ ọka yana osisi mkpụrụ osisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Morgan, P. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/989 Ecological toilets - Start simple and upgrade from arborloo to VIP]. Harare, Zimbabwe&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Morgan, P. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1285 Trees as recyclers of nutrients present in human excreta - Main tree report]. Aquamor, and Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ọzọ na [[Finland]] gosipụtara na ojiji nke mamịrị na ojiji na ntụ osisi &quot;nwere ike ịmepụta 27% na 10% karịa red beet root biomass&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pradhan|first=Surendra K.|title=Human Urine and Wood Ash as Plant Nutrients for Red Beet (Beta vulgaris) Cultivation: Impacts on Yield Quality|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume=58|issue=3|pages=2034–2039|doi=10.1021/jf9029157|pmid=20050665|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gosipụtara mamịrị n'ọtụtụ nnyocha ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru, nke dị mfe ijikwa fatịlaịza, nke nwere nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium na micro-nutrients dị mkpa.&lt;ref&gt;Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T., Dagerskog, L. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/757 Practical guidance on the use of urine in crop production]. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nlaghachi nke phosphorus ====
Akụkụ ọzọ nke usoro ecosan na-anwa idozi bụ ụkọ phosphorus na-abịa.&lt;ref&gt;Schröder, J., Cordell, D., Smit, A., Rosemarin, A. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1587 Sustainable use of phosphorus]. Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands&lt;/ref&gt; Phosphorus nwere ọrụ dị mkpa maka uto osisi, ya mere na mmepụta fatịlaịza, mana ọ bụ obere akụrụngwa.&lt;ref&gt;Soil Association (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1591 A rock and hard place - Peak phosphorus and the threat to our food security]. Soil Association, Bristol, UK&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnọdụ ahụ yiri nke ahụ maka potassium. Ebe nchekwa nkume phosphate a ma ama na-aghọ ihe dị ụkọ ma na-efuwanye ọnụ iji wepụ - a na-akpọkwa nke a &quot;ihe kachasị elu phosphorus&quot;. Otu nyocha nke inye phosphate zuru ụwa ọnụ tụrụ aro na ọ bụrụ na anakọta ya, phosphate na mamịrị nwere ike inye 22% nke ngụkọta ihe achọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;MihelcicFry2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mihelcic|first=James R.|title=Global potential of phosphorus recovery from human urine and feces|journal=Chemosphere|volume=84|issue=6|year=2011|pages=832–839|issn=0045-6535|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.046|pmid=21429554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uru ===
Uru nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere: &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

* Mbelata iwebata pathogens site na nsị mmadụ n'ime usoro mmiri (mmiri ala na mmiri dị n'elu) - dịka ọmụmaatụ mmetọ mmiri dị n&quot;okpuru ala site na ụlọ mposi.
* Nchekwa nke ihe onwunwe site na mbelata mmiri ojiji, dochie fatịlaịza mineral na ibelata mmetọ mmiri.
* Obere ịdabere na phosphorus a na-egwupụta na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-apụghị imezigharị maka mmepụta fatịlaịza.
* Mbelata ojiji nke ike na mmepụta fatịlaịza: Urea bụ isi ihe mejupụtara mamịrị, ma anyị na-emepụta urea buru ibu site na iji mmanụ ala. Site n'ịchịkwa mamịrị nke ọma, enwere ike belata ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ yana ụgwọ fatịlaịza.

== Ihe ịma aka ==
A katọrọ usoro eco-sanism maka ilekwasị anya n'iji ya eme ihe ọzọ n'ọrụ ugbo, ebe ọ na-eleghara ụfọdụ n'ime ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ maka ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide anya. N'ezie, usoro ecosan nwere ike ịbụ &quot;ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide&quot;, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere obere nkwenye onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọnụahịa nke usoro ahụ dị oke elu maka otu ndị ọrụ, na-eme ka usoro ahụ ghara ịdị irè n'ụzọ ego n'oge dị ogologo.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A katọrọ ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado ecosan dị ka ndị na-agbasi mbọ ike, na-ekwusi ike na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ilekwasị anya na nchedo ahụike ọha na eze na inye ịdị ọcha na ọnụ ala (dịka ọmụmaatụ UDDTs, nke ụfọdụ ndị na'ime ha na-akpọ &quot;ụlọ mposi ecosan&quot;, nwere ike ịdị oke ọnụ iji wuo karịa ụlọ mposi, ọbụlagodi na ogologo oge ha dị ọnụ ala iji lekọta).   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Nchebe nke usoro ecosan n'ihe gbasara mbibi pathogen n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche bụ isiokwu na-aga n'ihu nke arụmụka n'etiti ndị na-akwado na ndị na-emegide usoro ecosan. Otú ọ dị, mbipụta nke Ntuziaka WHO na Reuse, na echiche ya dị iche iche, agaala ogologo oge n'ịmepụta usoro a na-ahụkarị maka iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ dị nchebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;WHO (2006). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1004 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater] - Volume IV: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland&lt;/ref&gt; Ka o sina dị, ajụjụ ahụ ka bụ ma enwere ike ịbawanye usoro gburugburu ebe obibi iji ruo ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na otu esi eme ka ha dị nchebe iji rụọ ọrụ. Mmetụta mbụ na mbido afọ 2000 site n'aka ndị ọsụ ụzọ ecosan agbanweela ka ha ghọta na ịgbanwe àgwà na omume na ịdị ọcha na-ewe ndidi dị ukwuu.

Acknowledgement for ecosan came with the awarding of the&amp;nbsp;[[Stockholm]] Water Prizein 2013 to Peter Morgan, a pioneer of handpumps and ventilated pit latrines (VIPs) in addition to ecosan-type toilets (the [[Arborloo]], the Skyloo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mallory|first=Adrian|date=2019-03-28|title=Agent-Based Modelling for Simulation-Based Design of Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management Systems|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|language=en|volume=16|issue=7|pages=1125|doi=10.3390/ijerph16071125|issn=1660-4601|pmid=30925829}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Fossa alterna). Peter Morgan is renowned as one of the leading creators and proponents of ecological sanitation solutions, which enable the safe reuse of human excreta to enhance soil quality and crop production. His ecosan-type toilets are now in use in countries across the globe, centred on converting a sanitary problem into a productive resource.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.siwi.org/prizes/stockholmwaterprize/laureates/2013-2/|title=Sanitation innovator named 2013 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate|date=2013|accessdate=13 July 2015|publisher=Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ nyocha nke Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation na-enye ego kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2011 na ịdị ọcha na-emeso mgbake akụ - nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe nketa nke echiche ecosan, ọbụlagodi na ndị nchọpụta a ejighị okwu &quot;ecosan&quot; mee ihe.

== Nkà na ụzụ eji eme ihe na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ==
[[Usòrò:Possible_technology_components_for_sustainable_sanitation.jpg|thumb|Akụkụ teknụzụ nwere ike maka ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide, nke ecosan bụ obere usoro na-elekwasị anya na ohere iji ya mee ihe ọzọ]]
Ecosan na-enye usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe, ebe enwere ike ijikọta ihe ndị dị n'etiti na ndị dị nro, mmiri na-ebugharị na ịdị ọcha, teknụzụ dị ala na teknụzụ ala, wdg. Site n'ịtụle nhọrọ dị iche iche, enwere ike ịmepụta ngwọta kachasị mma na akụ na ụba maka ọnọdụ ọ bụla.&lt;ref&gt;Jenssen, P., Heeb, J., Huba-Mang, E., Gnanakan, K., Warner, W., Refsgaard, K., Stenström, T., Guterstam, B., Alsen, K. (2004). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/184 Ecological Sanitation and Reuse of Wastewater - A thinkpiece on ecological sanitation.] The Agricultural University of Norway&lt;/ref&gt; Nkà na ụzụ eji eme ihe na usoro ecosan na-ejikarị - mana ọ bụghị mgbe niile - na-agụnye ihe ndị dị na nkewa nke isi iyi, ya bụ, idebe iyi mkpofu dị iche iche iche, n'ihi na nke a nwere ike ime ka ọgwụgwọ na iji ya mee ihe dị mfe.

Nkà na ụzụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na usoro ecosan bụ ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ na-eme ka mmiri na-emebi mmiri, mana usoro ecosan nwekwara ike iji teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ụlọ mposi na-ekpo ọkụ jikọtara ya na ụlọ ọrụ biogas, ala mmiri e wuru, ụlọ mposi composting na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Enwere ike ịchọta ihe atụ nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ụwa niile na ndepụta nke GIZ bipụtara na 2012, yana n'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ ọmụmụ nke Sustainable Sanitation Alliance bipụtara nke lekwasịrị anya na ọrụ iji ya eme ihe ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;GIZ (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1423 Worldwide list of 324 documented ecosan projects by various organisations]. Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies|title=Case studies of sustainable sanitation projects|date=2013|accessdate=18 October 2014|publisher=Sustainable Sanitation Alliance|archivedate=14 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414080126/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Ojiji nke nsị na usoro mkpofu ===
Nweghachi na ojiji nke mamịrị na nsị na &quot;usoro nhicha mmiri&quot;, ya bụ, na-enweghị nsị ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ịgwakọta mmiri buru ibu na nsị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọdịbendị niile emeela ya. Ojiji a na-ejighị naanị maka mmepụta ugbo. Ndị Rom, dịka ọmụmaatụ, maara na ammonia na-acha ọcha n'ime mamịrị ma jiri ya mee ka uwe na-acha ọbara ọbara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala ghọtara uru nke ihe mkpofu mmadụ maka Ala na-eme nri ma na-eme nchịkọta &quot;akọrọ&quot; na iji ihe mkpofu mee ihe ọzọ. Nke a mere ka ha nwee ike ibi n'obodo ebe a na-eweghachi ihe oriri na ihe ndị dị n'ime nsị n'ala. Nkọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere omume ndị a dị obere, mana a maara na a na-eji nsị eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na Eshia (dịka ọmụmaatụ na China, [[Japan]], Vietnam, Cambodia, Korea) kamakwa na Central na South America. Otú ọ dị, ihe atụ a ma ama nke nchịkọta a haziri ahazi na ojiji nke nsị mmadụ iji kwado mmepụta nri bụ nke China. A matara uru nke &quot;ala abalị&quot; dị ka fatịlaịza site na usoro mepụtara nke ọma iji mee ka nchịkọta nsị si n'obodo ukwu na njem ya gaa n'ọhịa. Ndị China maara uru nke iji nsị na mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ ihe karịrị afọ 2500 gara aga, na-enyere ha aka ịkwado ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa usoro ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], ọdịbendị Aztec na-anakọta nsị mmadụ maka ọrụ ugbo. E dekọrọ otu ihe atụ nke omume a maka obodo Aztec nke Tenochtitlan nke e guzobere na 1325 ma bụrụ otu n'ime obodo ikpeazụ nke Mexico tupu ndị Hispanic (nke ndị Spain meriri na 1521): Ndị bi na ya tinyere ihe ndị ahụ n'ụgbọ mmiri pụrụ iche a kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri gburugburu obodo ahụ. A na-eji ngwakọta nke mkpocha na nsị eme ihe iji mee ka chinampas (ubi ọrụ ugbo) ma ọ bụ iji mee ka osimiri ndị dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ sie ike. A na-anakọta mamịrị n'ime akpa n'ụlọ niile, wee gwakọta ya na apịtị ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-acha ákwà. Ndị Aztec ghọtara mkpa ọ dị imegharị ihe na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị dị na mmiri nsị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Becerril|first=J. E.|year=2007|title=Potable water and sanitation in Tenochtitlan: Aztec culture|journal=Water Science and Technology: Water Supply|volume=7|issue=1|pages=147–154|doi=10.2166/ws.2007.017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na [[Peru]], ndị Inca nwere nkwanye ùgwù dị elu maka nsị dị ka fatịlaịza, nke a na-echekwa, kpọọ nkụ ma na-afụ ụfụ iji jiri ya mee ihe mgbe a na-akụ ọka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luethi book&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lüthi|first=C.|title=Sustainable sanitation in cities : a framework for action|date=2011|publisher=Papiroz Publ. House|location=Rijswijk|isbn=978-90-814088-4-4|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1019|accessdate=19 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ụwa na-emepechabeghị anya, iji nsị na mmiri ntụ na mmepụta ugbo bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Obodo ndị Europe na-emepe obodo ngwa ngwa na ịdị ọcha na-aghọwanye nsogbu na-arịwanye elu, ebe n'otu oge ahụ, obodo ndị ahụ n'onwe ha na-aghọta isi iyi dị mkpa nke ihe oriri ugbo. Omume nke iji ihe na-edozi ahụ mee ihe n'ime nsị na mmiri na-adịghị mma maka ọrụ ugbo gara n'ihu na Europe ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 19. Ndị ọrụ ugbo, na-aghọta uru nke nsị, chọsiri ike inweta fatịlaịza ndị a iji mụbaa mmepụta na ịdị ọcha nke obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Lüthi, C., Panesar, A., Schütze, T., Norström, A., McConville, J., Parkinson, J., Saywell, D., Ingle, R. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1019 Sustainable sanitation in cities: a framework for action]. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU), Papiroz Publishing House&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọkwa omume a Onye ọrụ ugbo gong na England mana ọ na-ebu ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ ahụike maka ndị na-ebugharị nsị na nsị.

E wezụga iji ya eme ihe n'onwe ya, a na-edozi nsị iji mepụta kemịkal dị ọcha. N'iji nitraries na nitre beds, mmadụ na-ewepụta nitrogen n'ime ya dị ka potassium nitrate (KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), ihe dị mkpa na ntụ ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Narihiro|first=Takashi|title=Microbial Community Structure of Relict Niter-Beds Previously Used for Saltpeter Production|journal=PLOS One|date=11 August 2014|volume=9|issue=8|pages=e104752|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0104752}}&lt;/ref&gt; KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; bụkwa ihe kpatara nchọpụta nke nitric acid na narị afọ nke iri na asaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0b&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gillispie|first=Charles Coulston|url=https://archive.org/details/edgeofobjectivit00char|title=The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1960|isbn=0-691-02350-6|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=223–24|authorlink=Charles Coulston Gillispie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị ọdịnala nke ịdị ọcha na iji nsị eme ihe gara n'ihu n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ma ka bụ ihe a na-emekarị n'oge ọbịbịa nke mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ. Ọbụna ka ụwa na-aghọwanye obodo mepere emepe, a ka na-eji ihe oriri ndị dị na nsị ndị a na-anakọta site na usoro nhicha obodo na-enweghị ngwakọta na mmiri n'ọtụtụ obodo dị ka ihe enyemaka iji mee ka ala na-eme nri, n'agbanyeghị mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

=== Mbelata nke mgbake nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na nsị mmadụ na usoro akọrọ ===
Nweghachi nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na nsị na usoro nhicha na-abụghị nke nsị na-edoza nsogbu nhicha na ebe obibi na Europe na ebe ndị ọzọ ma na-enye aka n'ịchekwa mmepụta ugbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, omume ahụ aghọghị ụzọ kachasị mma maka ịdị ọcha n'obodo ukwu na narị afọ nke 20 ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ya na usoro ịdị ọcha nke na-enweghị mgbake na-edozi ahụ (ma e wezụga iji mmiri nsị eme ihe n'ọrụ ugbo n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ) - ọ dịkarịa ala maka obodo ndị nwere ike ịzụta ya.

E nwere isi ihe anọ na-akpali akpali nke dugara na njedebe na mgbake na ojiji nke nsị na mmiri ntụ site na obodo ndị Europe na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu: &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

* Uto nke obodo ukwu na ịdị anya site na ubi ugbo.
* Ịbawanye ojiji nke mmiri na ojiji nke ụlọ mposi: Mmiri na-asacha na-abawanye oke nke nsị, n'otu oge ahụ na-agbari ihe na-edozi ahụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ka ha nwetaghachi ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka ha dị na mbụ.
* Mmepụta nke fatịlaịza ndị dị ọnụ ala, na-eme mgbalị ọ bụla iji nwetaghachi ma jiri ihe na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị sitere na nnukwu mpịakọta nke nsị.
* Ntinye aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka nsonaazụ nke mkpa a ghọtara maka mgbanwe n'ihe gbasara otu esi emeso ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ: Ruo na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, echiche kachasị na mgbasa nke ọrịa bụ echiche miasma. Echiche a kwuru na a ga-ewepụ ihe niile na-esi ísì n'ihi na a na-eche na iku ume ọjọọ na-eduga n'ọrịa.

Ojiji nke nsị anụmanụ (nke na-esi ísì ụtọ) n'ọrụ ugbo anọgidewo na-aga n'ihu ruo taa, ma eleghị anya n'ihi na echeghị na nsị na-akpata ọrịa mmadụ.

* Iji mmiri mkpofu eme ihe ma ọ bụ iweghachite ihe onwunwe: Ojiji nke mmiri mkpofu a na-emeghị, a na-edozi ma ọ bụ nke a na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ịgba mmiri n'ọrụ ugbo (nke nwere ihe ize ndụ ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na emere ya n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke na-emekarị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe); na
* Ntinye nke nsị na ala ọrụ ugbo nke na-enweghị esemokwu n'ọtụtụ mba mepere emepe n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ ala na ọla dị arọ na micropropinants ma ọ bụrụ na ejighi ya nke ọma (lee Biosolids).

=== Nnyocha site na 1990s gaa n'ihu ===
[[Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency]] (Sida) kwadoro &quot;SanRes R&amp;D program&quot; n'oge 1993 ruo 2001 nke tọrọ ntọala maka &quot;EcoSanRes program&quot; nke Stockholm Environment Institute mere (2002-2011).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eds.|title=Ecological sanitation|date=2004|publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-9188714985|edition=2., rev. and enlarged|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/487}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rosemarin, A. (2006). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1968 EcoSanRes Programme - Phase Two 2006-2010]. Joint seminar of DWA and GTZ, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Germany&lt;/ref&gt; Otu mbipụta nke Sida kpọrọ &quot;Ecological sanitation&quot; na 1998 chịkọtara ihe ọmụma e mepụtara ruo ugbu a banyere ecosan n'akwụkwọ a ma ama nke e bipụtara dị ka mbipụta nke abụọ na 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eds.|title=Ecological sanitation|date=2004|publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-9188714985|edition=2., rev. and enlarged|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/487}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sụgharịwokwa akwụkwọ ahụ n'asụsụ Chinese, French na Spanish.&lt;ref&gt;Esrey, S., Gough, J., Rapaport, D., Sawyer, R., Simpson-Hébert, M., Vargas, J., Winblad, U. (1998). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/818 Ecological Sanitation (in Chinese)]. SIDA, Sweden&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Esrey, S., Gough, J., Rapaport, D., Sawyer, R., Simpson-Hébert, M., Vargas, J., Winblad, U. (1998). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/868 Assainissement écologique (in French)] - Ecological sanitation. Département des Ressources Naturelles et de l'Environnement.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Winblad, U. (1999). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/412 Saneamiento ecológico (in Spanish)] - Ecological Sanitation. SIDA, FES&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Germany GIZ nwekwara nnukwu &quot;usoro ihe omume ecosan&quot; site na 2001 ruo 2012. Ọ bụ ezie na a họọrọ okwu ahụ bụ &quot;ecosan&quot; na mbido nke mmemme a, site na 2007 gaa n'ihu, a na-eji okwu sara mbara &quot;nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide&quot; dochie ya. N'ezie, e guzobere Sustainable Sanitation Alliance na 2007 na mgbalị ịgbasawanye echiche ecoan na ijikọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị iche iche n'okpuru otu nche anwụ.

Nnyocha banyere otu esi eme ka ojiji nke mamịrị na nsị dị mma n'ọrụ ugbo bụ nke ndị Sweden na-eme, dịka ọmụmaatụ Hakan Jönsson na ndị otu ya, ndị akwụkwọ ha na &quot;Ntụziaka maka Ojiji nke Mmiri na Mmepụta Ihe Nkume&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Joensson, H., Richert Stintzing, A., Vinneras, B., Salomon, E. (2004). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/187 Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production]. Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama nke e mesịrị tinye n'ime WHO &quot;Ntụ isi maka Ojiji Dị Mma nke Mmiri Wastewater, Excreta na Greywater&quot; site na 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Echiche ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi iji mee ihe ọzọ, nke bụ isi nkuku nke mbipụta a, emeela ka a ghọta nke ọma otu esi eme ihe ọzọ n'enweghị nsogbu.

=== Ọmụmụ ihe na nzukọ ===
Na mbido, e nwere &quot;nkwurịta okwu ecosan&quot; iji gosipụta ma kwurịta nyocha gbasara ọrụ ecosan:

* E mere ogbako izizi banyere ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi na Balingsholm, Sweden na 1997, ebe ndị ọkachamara niile guzobere n'oge ahụ, dị ka Håkan Jönsson, Peter Morgan (onye mmeri nke 2013 Stockholm Water Prize), &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Ron Sawyer, George Anna Clark na Gunder Edström sonyere.
* Ọmụmụ ihe na Mexico na 1999 n'aha &quot;Closing the Loop - Ecological sanitation for food security&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Steven A.|author=Esrey|title=Closing the loop ecological sanitation for food security|date=2001|publisher=SIDA|location=[Stockholm]|isbn=978-9158689350}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nzukọ Ecosan na Bonn, Germany na 2000
* Nzukọ mba ụwa mbụ na Nanning, China na 2001
* Nzukọ nke abụọ na Lübeck Germany na 2003 &lt;ref&gt;GTZ, IWA (2003). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2090 Ecosan - closing the loop - Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium], 7th –11th April 2003, Lübeck, Germany. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and International Water Association (IWA)&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nzukọ nke atọ na Durban, South Africa na 2005
* Nzukọ Ecosan na Fortaleza, Brazil kpọrọ &quot;Nzukọ Mba Nile na Nchebe Na-adịgide adịgide - Mmiri na Ncheben Nri maka Latin America&quot; na 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/conference-materials-2/2007/117-conference-qwater-and-food-security-for-latin-americaq-brazil-2007|title=&quot;Water and Food Security for Latin America&quot;, Fortaleza|date=2007|accessdate=13 July 2015|work=Sustainable Sanitation Alliance|publisher=SuSanA|archivedate=14 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714032255/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/conference-materials-2/2007/117-conference-qwater-and-food-security-for-latin-americaq-brazil-2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe ahụ, a na-ejikọta isiokwu ecosan na nzukọ ndị ọzọ nke WASH, a naghịzi ahazi nzukọ ecosan dị iche iche.

=== Esemokwu n'etiti ndị ọkachamara ===
During the 1990s, when the term ecosan was something new, discussions were heated and confrontational.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Supporters of ecosan claimed the corner on containment, treatment and reuse. The proponents of conventional sanitation systems on the other side defended [[Ụlọ mposi|pit latrines]] and waterborne sewage systems. Ecosan supporters criticized conventional sanitation for contaminating waterways with nutrients and pathogens.&amp;nbsp;Since about 2007, the two opposing sides have slowly found ways of dealing with each other, and the formation of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance in that year has further helped to provide a space for all sanitation actors to meet and push into the same direction of sustainable sanitation.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

== Ihe Nlereanya ==

* Sweden bụ onye ndu na Europe iji tinye ecoan n'ọrụ n'ụzọ ka ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Obodo Tanum dị na Sweden ewebatala ụlọ mposi nkewa nke mamịrị n'ihi ala ha siri ike na ihe ịma aka na mbụ, ma mesịa weghachite phosphorus.&lt;ref&gt;Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., Petersens, E. af, Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P., Drangert, J. (2006). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/192 Urine Diversion - One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. EcoSanRes, Report 2006-1&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sweden emeela ka o kwe omume na 2013 iji kwado mmiri ojii dị nchebe na nke dị ọcha (mmanụ na nsị mmadụ) site na usoro mmiri ojii na maka iji ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka fatịlaịza a ma ama. Usoro mmiri ojii dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ tankị septic. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Swedish Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Engineering mepụtara ụkpụrụ maka asambodo ahụ ma nwee ike ịkwadebe ụzọ maka ndị ọrụ ugbo iji ihe mkpofu mmadụ maka mmepụta ugbo. Njikọ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo Sweden anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmepe a. Ọzọkwa, Swedish EPA na aro ikpeazụ ha na 2014 belatara ihe ize ndụ ịdị ọcha metụtara mamịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer6400/978-91-620-6580-5.pdf?pid=9620|title=Swedish EPA|accessdate=18 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) mere nnukwu mmemme nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke a na-akpọ &quot;Ecosanres&quot; site na 2001 ruo 2011. Otu n'ime ọrụ nnwale &quot;ecosan kpọrọ nkụ&quot; (ya bụ site na iji Ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ) nke mmemme a bụ mmejuputa UDDTs buru ibu na ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu yana teknụzụ ndị ọzọ iji nye ohere iweghachite ihe onwunwe site na nsị.&lt;ref&gt;McConville, J., Rosemarin, A. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170629174343/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies/details/1049 Urine diversion dry toilets and greywater system, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China - Case study of sustainable sanitation projects]. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ọrụ a Erdos Eco-Town Project n'obodo a na-akpọ Erdos na Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region nke China. Ọ bụ njikọ aka n'etiti gọọmentị Dongsheng District na Erdos na Stockholm Environment Institute ma chọọ ịchekwa mmiri ma nye ọrụ nhicha na mpaghara a na-emepe emepe nke ugwu China. Maka ọtụtụ ihe gbasara teknụzụ, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ụlọ ọrụ, ewepụrụ UDDTs mgbe naanị afọ ole na ole gachara ma ọrụ ahụ emeghị ka ọ dị n'ógbè mgbake nke ihe oriri. A na-edepụta ọrụ a nke ọma ugbu a ma mee ka a mara ihe ịma aka na ọghọm nke &quot;ecosan obodo&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;Flores, A. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1172 Towards sustainable sanitation: evaluating the sustainability of resource-oriented sanitation]. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge, UK&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rosemarin|first=Arno|title=The challenges of urban ecological sanitation : lessons from the Erdos eco-town project|date=2012|publisher=Practical Action Publishers|isbn=978-1853397684|pages=116|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2103}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Rich Earth Institute dị na Brattleboro, [[Vermont]], US, bụ otu NGO raara onwe ya nye iweghachite mamịrị mmadụ dị ka fatịlaịza. Ha eguzobewo naanị mmemme na-edozi ahụ nke obodo na United States ma na-eme nchọpụta ma na-emepụta teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ iji melite ojiji nke mamịrị dị ka fatịlaịza. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://richearthinstitute.org/|title=Rich Earth Institute|accessdate=21 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ Na-adịgide Adịgide|SOIL]] na Haiti wuru ihe ha na-akpọ &quot;ụlọ mposi ecosan&quot; (UDDTs) dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị enyemaka mberede na-esote ala ọma jijiji Haiti nke afọ 2010. Ihe karịrị ndị Haiti 20,000 na-eji ụlọ mposi SOIL eme ihe ugbu a ma SOIL emepụtala ihe karịrị lita 400,000 nke compost n'ihi ya.&lt;ref&gt;SOIL (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1421 The SOIL guide to ecological sanitation]. Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods (SOIL), Sherburne NY, US&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eji compost ahụ eme ihe maka ọrụ ugbo na ime ka osisi dịghachi mma. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111027193954/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/10/111026-haiti-waste-poop-fertilizer-farms-soil-science-environment/ &quot;Human Waste to Revive Haitian Farmland?&quot;], ''The National Geographic'', Christine Dell'Amore, 26 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro composting nke SOIL dị irè n'ime ka àkwá ''Ascaris'' ghara ịrụ ọrụ - ihe na-egosi àkwá helminth n'ozuzu ya - na nsị a chịkọtara site na ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ n'ime izu 16. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Ascaris and Escherichia coli Inactivation in an Ecological Sanitation System in Port-au-Prince, Haiti|journal=PLOS One|date=1 May 2015|pmid=25932948|pages=e0125336|volume=10|issue=5|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0125336|first=David|author=Berendes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro composting na nlekota nke SOIL ji mee ihe na Haiti nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ maka ntọala mba ụwa ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* Sanitation First, otu NGO na UK na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ ecoan (UDDTs) n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-emepe emepe. Ha na-arụkarị ọrụ na Tamil Nadu (India), ebe Gọọmentị Tamil Nadu State na-enye nkwado maka ọrụ ha. Ha ewuwokwa ecosan n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ime obodo [[Ndia|India]], [[Kenya]] na [[Sierra Leone]]. Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha si kwuo, mmadụ 58,000 n'ụwa niile na-eji ụlọ mposi ha eme ihe na 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sanitation First - Tackling Poverty One Toilet at a Time|url=https://sanitationfirst.org/|accessdate=2021-08-02|work=Sanitation First|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* NGO CREPA nke na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara West Africa na-asụ French (nke a na-akpọ WSA - Mmiri na Ịdị ọcha n'Africa ugbu a) na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi site na 2002 ruo 2010 na-elekwasị anya na UDDTs tinyere iji ya eme ihe ọzọ n'ọrụ ugbo, ọkachasị na [[Burkina Faso]].&lt;ref&gt;Nana, C., Dagerskog, L. (2010). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/886 Productive sanitation initiatives in rural Burkina Faso and Niger – links to human rights - Good sanitation practices in relation to human rights]. EcoSanRes, SEI, CREPA (presentation at human rights seminar, Geneva, Switzerland)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Henry, L. (2011). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/1435 Agriculture as a Driver for Sanitation - CREPA's Experience (Burkina Faso)]. Presented on 20 July 2011 at a seminar at AfricaSan3 (Kigali, Rwanda) on Linkages between Agriculture and Productive Sanitation: Scaling up Ecosan in Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebem si dee ==

[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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[[Usòrò:ADA_CELESTE_SWEET_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_712_crop).jpg|thumb|Foto sitere na A Woman of the Century''Nwaanyị nke Narị Afọ'']]
'''Ada Celeste Sweet''' (23 Febrụwarị 1853 - 17 Septemba 1928) bụ onye ngbanwe America na enyemaka mmadụ sitere na steeti US nke [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]], mana emechara site na steeti Illinois US. Onye isi ala Ulysses S. Grant họpụtara onye nnọchi anya [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] maka ịkwụ ụgwọ ezumike nka na Chicago, ọkwa mbụ dị ka onye ọrụ inye ego nke gọọmentị US nyere nwanyị. O guzobere usoro siri ike nke mgbanwe ọrụ obodo, nke mere ka ọ ghara inwe mmasị na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye guzobere usoro ụgbọ ihe mberede maka ndị uwe ojii [[Chicago]], ọ rụrụ ọrụ enyemaka, rụsie ọrụ ike maka mgbanwe gọọmentị, wee jee ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Chicago Tribune. [3]

== Afọ ndị mbụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Ada Celeste Sweet na Stockbridge, Wisconsin, na 23 Febụwarị 1853. Nna ya bụ Benjamin J. Sweet, onye ọka iwu na-aga nke ọma ma mesịa bụrụ Onye omeiwu steeti Wisconsin. Nne ya, nke a mụrụ Lovisa L. Denslow, bụ nwa nwanyị Elihu Denslow. E nwere ọtụtụ ụmụnne gụnyere na 1854, Lawrence Wheelock; na 1858, Minnie; na 1865, Martha Winfred; na Benjamin Jeffrey, na 1871. [4]

Mgbe [[Agha Obodo America]] malitere, nna ya banyere na Union Army dị ka Major nke 6th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, dị ka Colonel nke 21st Infantry Regiment, e merụrụ ya ahụ na Agha nke Perryville. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke Camp Douglas na Chicago dị ka Colonel nke Eighth United States Veteran Reserve Corps.

Sweet nọrọ n'oge ọkọchị ya na [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]] na oge oyi ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nọn na Chicago. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, General Sweet biri n'ugbo dị kilomita 20 site na Chicago wee mepee ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu n'obodo ahụ. Sweet, nke okenye n'ime ụmụaka ahụ, nyeere nna ya aka na azụmahịa ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma ma n'oge na-adịghị anya zụlite nkà azụmahịa.[5]

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 1868, General Sweet natara nhọpụta site n'aka Onye isi ala Grant dị ka onye nnọchi anya ezumike nká na Chicago. Ada banyere n'ọfịs ahụ, mụta nkọwa nke azụmahịa ahụ, ma gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ahụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ. N'afọ 1872, e mere General Sweet osote onye isi nke Internal Revenue, wee kwaga [[Washington, D.C.]] Ada sonyeere ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ onwe ya. Ọ nwụrụ n'ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ, 1874, na-ahapụ ala pere mpe iji nye ezinụlọ ya.[5]

Onye isi ala Grant wee họpụta Ada Sweet dị ka onye nnọchi anya US maka ịkwụ ụgwọ ezumike nká na Chicago, ọnọdụ mbụ dị ka onye na-enyefe ego nke gọọmentị US nyere nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8287551//|title=Ada Celeste Sweet, president of the|date=14 November 1894|work=Topeka Daily Capital|accessdate=10 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ Chicago nwere aha 6,000 nke ndị ezumike nká n'ebe ugwu Illinois na mpịakọta ya, na nkesa ruru ihe karịrị US $ 1,000,000 kwa afọ. O mere ka ọfịs ahụ bụrụ nke na-anọghị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma họpụta ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị enyemaka. N'afọ 1877, Onye isi ala Hayes mere ka a kwụọ ụgwọ ezumike nká [[Ilinoi|Illinois]] niile na Chicago, ọfịs ya na-akwụ ihe karịrị $ 6,000,000 kwa afọ. Ọ họọrọ ndị odeakwụkwọ nke ya ma zụọ ha maka ọrụ ya. O mere nke ọma nke na, n'agbanyeghị nrụgide e wetara iji nweta nhọpụta nke nwoke, Onye isi ala Rutherford B. Hayes họpụtara ya ọzọ na 1878, na Onye isi ala Chester A. Arthur na 1882. N'afọ 1885, onye isi ala nke Democratic gwara ya ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm, mana ọ rịọrọ Onye isi ala Grover Cleveland, ọ hapụrụ ya n'ọfịs ruo na Septemba, 1885, mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịma, iji were ọnọdụ azụmahịa na [[New York City]].[5]

Na 1886 ọ gara [[Obodo Békè|Europe]]. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Chicago, ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ Chicago Tribune. N'afọ 1888, ọ mepere ụlọ ọrụ na-azọrọ na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na Chicago, wee rụọ nnukwu azụmahịa n'ịchekwa ụgwọ ezumike nká maka ndị agha ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ha, lara ezumike nká na 1905. Na 1892, a họpụtara Sweet na Board of Education Chicago.[1]. Site na 1911 ruo 1913, ọ na-elekọta ngalaba nwanyị The Equitable Life Assurance Society. &lt;ref name=&quot;northwestern.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Rise of a Modern City|url=http://fkdocs.sesp.northwestern.edu/nodes/pages/57211/6957|publisher=Northwestern University|accessdate=22 January 2017|archivedate=2 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010429/http://fkdocs.sesp.northwestern.edu/nodes/pages/57211/6957}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Sweet bi na Chicago na nwanne ya nwoke. O nwere mmasị na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị niile, wee jee ozi dị ka onye otu Chicago Woman's Club, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii klọb maka agụmakwụkwọ mmanye.[1] Ọ bụkwa onye nlekọta nke Civic Federation. Na Mee 1894, Sweet ghọrọ onye isi oche nke klọb nwanyị Chicago.[2] Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi ala mbụ nke Municipal Order League of Chicago, ọha mmadụ hibere iji kwalite ọnọdụ ịdị ọcha, yana site na ahụike, nke obodo ahụ. N'October, 1890, o nyere ụgbọ ala ndị uwe ojii mbụ n'obodo ahụ, na-enweta ego n'etiti ndị enyi ya iji wuo ma kwadebe ya, wee si otú a malite usoro dị ugbu a na Chicago nke ilekọta ndị merụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ daa ọrịa n'ebe ọha na eze. Na 17 Septemba 1928, Sweet nwụrụ n'ụlọ nwanne ya nwanyị, onye ọzọ dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Winifred Bonfils na San Francisco, [[California]].&lt;ref&gt;Georgia L. Osborne, [http://libsysdigi.library.uiuc.edu/OCA/Books2009-06/briefbiographies00osbo/briefbiographies00osbo.pdf Miss Ada Celeste Sweet] in ''Brief Biographies of the Figurines on display in the Illinois State Historical Library'', Springfield, Illinois, 1932, p. 110.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebem si dee ==

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Aida Adib Bamia bụ prọfesọ emeritus nke asụsụ Arabik na akwụkwọ na Mahadum Florida dị na Gainesville.[1] Ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ihe odide North Africa.[2] Ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ Arabik enyeworo aka iwetara ndị na-agụ Bekee ezigbo nsụgharị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Literature in Translation: Teaching Issues and Reading Practices|author=Hibbard|first=Allen|publisher=Kent State University Press|year=2010|isbn=9781612775395|pages=223|chapter=Translation of Modern and Contemporary Literature in Arabic|editor=Maier}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Bamia bụ Palestine. A mụrụ ya na [[Jerusalem]] wee biri na Egypt mgbe afọ 1948 gasịrị.[1][2] Ọ natara Ph.D ya na 1971 na Mahadum [[London]] (School of Oriental and African Studies-SOAS).[1][3] Site na 1972-1973, Bamia nwetara onyinye Ford Foundation iji rụọ ọrụ na mkpakọrịta post-doctoral na Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Anthology of Modern Palestinian Literature|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1992|isbn=9780231075084|location=New York|pages=722|editor=Jayyusi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJrNPeyL0HIC&amp;pg=PR4|accessdate=16 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1985, ọ malitere ịkụzi na Mahadum Florida . {{Cite web|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00004322/00003|title=Transcript of Aida Bamia Interview in English|date=1 February 2011|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=George A. Smathers Libraries|publisher=University of Florida}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu e were ya n'ọrụ na Florida, Bamia kụziri na mahadum dị iche iche na [[Algeria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe e mesịrị, Bamia chụpụrụ ma nata nwa amaala America; ọ na-ewere onwe ya dị ka onye Arab America.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00004322/00003|title=Transcript of Aida Bamia Interview in English|date=1 February 2011|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=George A. Smathers Libraries|publisher=University of Florida}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, o kwukwara, sị: &quot;mgbe m mechara biri na US, achọpụtara m na ụlọ, ụgbọ ala na nnwere onwe ịga njem n'ebe ọ bụla m chọrọ ejupụtaghị oghere dị n'ime ya... Enwere m olileanya ịlaghachi na Palestine m nwere ike ịkpọ ụlọ, ọ bụghị ala n'okpuru obibi nke nwa amaala America m na-enye m ohere ileta dị ka onye njem nleta. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/963672141|title=Being Palestinian : personal reflections on Palestinian identity in the diaspora|date=2016|others=Yasir Suleiman|isbn=978-0-7486-3403-3|location=Edinburgh|pages=102|oclc=963672141}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha Bamia lekwasịrị anya karịsịa na ndị edemede nwanyị Alakụba si Middle East.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clas.ufl.edu/events/news/Articles%201996-2004/199704_bamia.html|title=Feminist Writers in the Mideast are Contributing to Women's Rights|date=April 1997|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=College of Liberal Arts and Sciences|publisher=University of Florida|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720210448/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/events/news/Articles%201996-2004/199704_bamia.html|archivedate=2015-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gosipụtara na ụmụ nwanyị nyere aka nke ukwuu na ọdịbendị na akwụkwọ, ọbụlagodi n'oge mmalite nke Islam, ọ na-atụkwa anya ịlụso echiche banyere ụmụ nwanyị Arab ọgụ site na edemede na nyocha ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ mụtakwala omenala uri nke ụmụ nwanyị Maghribi na North Africa. {{Cite web|url=http://www.clas.ufl.edu/events/news/Articles%201996-2004/200110_termprofs.html|title=Clas Term Professors|date=2001|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=College of Liberal Arts and Sciences|publisher=University of Florida|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720205917/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/events/news/Articles%201996-2004/200110_termprofs.html|archivedate=2015-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Al-Arabiyya'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke American Association of Teachers of Arabic (AATA). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.councilnet.org/resource/newsletter/CNet_News_PI1995.html|title=National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages|date=1995|accessdate=15 July 2015|work=NCOLCTL|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040227231131/http://www.councilnet.org/resource/newsletter/CNet_News_PI1995.html|archivedate=27 February 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke AATA na 1993. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aataweb.org/Default.aspx?pageID=2|title=AATA Administration|accessdate=15 July 2015|work=American Association of Teachers of Arabic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110171941/http://aataweb.org/Default.aspx?pageID=2|archivedate=10 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye dere The Graying of the Raven: Cultural and Sociopolitical Significance of Algerian Folk Poetry (AUC Press 2001), nke meriri Middle East Award site na Mahadum America na Cairo Press na 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clas.ufl.edu/events/news/Articles%201996-2004/200110_termprofs.html|title=Clas Term Professors|date=2001|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=College of Liberal Arts and Sciences|publisher=University of Florida|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720205917/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/events/news/Articles%201996-2004/200110_termprofs.html|archivedate=2015-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aida Bamia|url=http://www.internationalpubmarket.com/clients/auc/books/AuthorDetail.aspx?id=10147|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415200945/http://www.internationalpubmarket.com/clients/auc/Books/AuthorDetail.aspx?id=10147|archivedate=15 April 2005|accessdate=15 July 2015|work=The American University in Cairo Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ nsụgharị ya nwetakwara nhọpụta ihe nrite. N'afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Saif Ghobash Banipal maka ntụgharị akwụkwọ edemede Arabic maka ntụgharị ya nke The Arch na Butterfly site n'aka Mohammed Achaari..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/20580/jadaliyya-co-editor-sinan-antoon-wins-2014-saif-gh|title=Jadaliyya Co-Editor Sinan Antoon Wins 2014 Saif Ghobash Banipal Translation Prize|date=21 January 2015|work=Jadaliyya|accessdate=16 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta ugbu a na Mahadum [[Michigan]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/bps/user-profile/6548/aida-a-bamia|title=Aida A. Bamia|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* [http://www.worldandi.com/specialreport/1988/february/Sa13953.htm &quot;Ịjụ Mgbaze n'Ụwa Ha&quot;, ''Ụwa na m'']
* The Inheritance, Sahar Khalifeh, Onye ntụgharị Aida Bamia, American University in Cairo Press (December 30, 2005)   
* ''Papa Sartre'', Ali Bader, Onye ntụgharị Aida Bamia, (AUC Press 2009).
* The Graying of the Raven: Mkpa ọdịbendị na mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke uri Algeria (AUC Press 2001).
* {{Cite book|title=Tradition, Modernity, and Postmodernity in Arabic Literature|publisher=Koninklijke Brill NV|year=2000|isbn=9789004117631|location=Leiden, The Netherlands|chapter=Feminism in Revolution: The Case of Sahar Khalifa}}

== Ebem si dee ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Khubz</title>
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      <text bytes="5228" sha1="h5jse3azovz5souxaghs41c8tmu8a5b" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KhubzBakery.jpg|thumb|Khubz]]
koubz, nke a na-akpọkwa khoubz, khobez, khubez, ma ọ bụ khubooz, bụ okwu a na- Maka &quot;achịcha&quot; na Standard Arabic na ọtụtụ n'ime obodo obodo.. 

Otu n'ime ikike ndị a ma ama na mba ndị dị n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa ikike bụ ikike pita &quot;akpa uwe&quot; na Levant na Ijipt, na ,pot tannur dị na Iraq.

Ụdị amaghị ochie a maara, nke ndị agadi ochie ihe ochie nke ezera n'Ọzara Siria (ebe ndị Siria na ugwu egwu nke oge a), ihe nkiri azụ afọ 14,000.  Ọ bụ ụdị ebe na-ihe na-eko biri nke e ji ọtụtụ ụdị ọka hụrụ mee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/bread-history-cooking-stone-age-middle-east-archaeology-discovery-a8450276.html|title=Archaeologists find world's oldest bread and new evidence of sophisticated cooking dating back 14,000 years|work=The Independent|accessdate=2018-07-17|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Achịcha Tannur ==
N'Irak, ያለፈ ewu ewu bụ iib Tannur ([[[[[bz al-tannūr,: خبز التنور) nke yiri njikọ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dị obere dịka Nan-e barbari Ndị Iran, ụgbọ dị  n'etiti na Ndịda Eshia (dị ka naan), na isi pizza.  (Leekwa ụlọ tandoor na ebe nchekwa.)

Okwu tannur sitere n'okwu Akkadian  (𒋾𒂟), nke mejupụtara akụkụ 'apịtị' na 'ọkụ' ma akpọrọ ya n'oge dị ka n'Akadian Epic of Gilgamesh..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Monier-Williams|first=Monier|url=http://archive.org/details/1872sanskriten00moniuoft|title=A Sanskrit-English dictionary, etymologically and philologically arranged, with special reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and other cognate Indo-European languages|date=1872|publisher=Oxford Clarendon Press|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-etinye usoro nri isii maka nchekwa e siri n'ime tannur na akwụkwọ nri nke akpan nke afọ nke Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq bụ Kitab al-Tabikh.

N'ihi mmachibido iwu akụ na ụba a manyere Iraq n'afọ ndị 1990 enwere mmụba n'ime achịcha n'ụzọ ọdịnala na tannur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Doug Smith|date=1 December 2007|title=Iraqi bakeries make dough while they can|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-dec-01-fg-khubuz1-story.html|accessdate=15 March 2011|work=Los Angeles Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pita achịcha ==
 
Pita bụ ike dị nke a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ nri Mediterenian, Balkan, na Middle East.  Na mba ndị Arab, a na-Ebe pit pita dị ka dịdị, 18 cm (7 in) ruo 30 cm (12 in) n'eche.  Ọ dị gịrịgịrị ma na-afụli elu ka ọ na-eme ụgbọ.  Ebe ọ bụ na o nweghị ihe ọ lụbatara, ọ na-akpọ ngwa ngwa ma bụrụ nke elele mma iri mgbe ọ ka na-ekpo ọkụ;  mgbe e ịhụ, ọ nwere ike ịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Khubz. Arabic Bread|url=http://almashriq.hiof.no/general/600/640/641/khayat/appendix/khubz.html|work=Al Mashriq (The Levant)|accessdate=2 October 2016|archivedate=3 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003105916/http://almashriq.hiof.no/general/600/640/641/khayat/appendix/khubz.html}} from {{Cite book|title=Food from the Arab World|author=Khayat, Marie Karam|publisher=Khayat's|location=Beirut|date=1959}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;akpa uwe&quot; pita malitere na Middle East.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lluís&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRCQAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA188|title=The Impact of International Television: A Paradigm Shift|author=Elasmar, Michael G.|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135635060}}&lt;/ref&gt; A makwaara ya dị ka achịcha Arab (ic), achịcha [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]], ma ọ bụ achịcha Siria &lt;ref name=&quot;Lluís&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q96OaT5HhloC|title=Composition of foods: baked products : raw, processed, prepared|author=Stewart, Jean E.|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Nutrition Monitoring Division|year=1992|isbn=9780160380440|quote=Pita bread originated in the Middle East and is also known as Arabic, Syrian, and pocket bread.}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3t2IJeFIh8C&amp;pg=PA61|title=Little Foods of the Mediterranean: 500 Fabulous Recipes for Antipasti, Tapas, Hors D'Oeuvre, Meze, and More|author=Wright, Clifford A.|year=2003|publisher=Harvard Common Press|isbn=9781558322271}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oz4orP4ZOOYC&amp;pg=PA215|title=Cereal Grains: Laboratory Reference and Procedures Manual|author=Serna-Saldivar, Sergio O.|year=2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781439855652}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na nri Ijipt, Palestine, ndị egwu, Lebanọn, na Siria, ndị ike iri ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nri nri mgba na-atọ ụtọ na ma ọ bụ na nna pita.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe oriri ndị dị mkpa na nri Lebanọn.  Ihe ndị a na- አሜሪካ falafel, nwa nne ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ shawarma, kebab, omelettes dị ka [[shakshouka]] (àkwá na tomato), hummus, na Mese ndị ọzọ..

Ndị mba ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị South Asia, na-eri ya dị ka ihe na-amị anya Roti na curries, akwụkwọ nri siri esi ma ọ bụ anụ (akọrọ ma ọ bụ ofe).

== Hụkwa ==

* [[M'semen|Msemen]]
* [[Baghrir]]
* Lafa
* Pita
* Nri ndị Arab

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Infobox person|title=[[Chief Financial Officer]] of [[Debswana]]}}

Lynette Armstrong bụ onye na-edekọ ego na [[Botswana]] na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ, onye a họpụtara dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Debswana Diamond Company Limited, ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta diamond kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, site na uru. A họpụtara ya n'ọkwá ahụ n'August 2019. Tupu nke ahụ, site na December 2015 ruo August 2019, Armstrong bụ onye isi ego (CFO) n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.[1] Ọ hapụrụ ọrụ onye isi ala / onye isi nchịkwa na 1 June 2022 mgbe Andrew Maatla Motsomi ghọrọ onye isi ọhụụ ọhụrụ. Nwada Armstrong maliteghachiri ọrụ ya nke CFO na Debswana.&lt;ref name=&quot;LeadR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[De Beers|De Beers Group]]|url=https://www.debeersgroup.com/media/company-news/2022/debswana-diamond-company-appoints-andrew-maatla-motsomi-as-managing-director|title=Debswana Diamond Company appoints Andrew Maatla Motsomi as Managing Director|date=22 May 2022|author=De Beers Group|accessdate=28 September 2022|archivedate=10 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210201833/https://www.debeersgroup.com/media/company-news/2022/debswana-diamond-company-appoints-andrew-maatla-motsomi-as-managing-director}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Armstrong na Selebi-Phikwe, obodo na-egwupụta ọla kọpa na nickel dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Central District nke Botswana, ihe dịka 1974. Nna ya bụ onye ọrụ m, na BCL Mine, n'ime obodo.[1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị mpaghara. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Maruapula, na-enweta diploma diploma (A-Level Certificate) site n'ebe ahụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 18. Enyere ya akwụkwọ mmụta site n'ụlọ ọrụ m ebe nna ya na-arụ ọrụ, ịga [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na ọkachamara dị ka onye na-edekọ ego. Na 1997, ọ ruru eru dị ka Mgbakwunye nke Association nke Chartered Certified Accountants. . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/lifestyle/item/2219-on-top-of-her-game.html|title=On Top Of Her Game|date=15 March 2016|author=Keitebe Kgosikebatho|accessdate=26 June 2020|archivedate=23 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023032031/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/lifestyle/item/2219-on-top-of-her-game.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mechaala mmemme mmepe ngwa ngwa na [[London]] Business School, mmemme mmepe nchịkwa na Mahadum Stellenbosch Business School, usoro nchịkwa ahịa na Mahadim Witwatersrand na mmemme nkuzi mmepe onwe onye, kwa na Wits.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|url=http://www.baoa.org.bw/?q=board|title=Botswana Accountancy Oversight Authority: Board of Directors|publisher=Botswana Accountancy Oversight Authority|accessdate=26 June 2020|author=Botswana Accountancy Oversight Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 1998, ọ laghachiri Botswana ma nye ya ọrụ na BCL Mine, ebe nna ya na-arụ ọrụ. E zigara ya n'ọfịs ego, ebe ọ &quot;ga-amụta ihe ndị bụ isi nke ndekọ ego&quot;. N'afọ 2002, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Chief Mine Accountant na BCL Mine . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

Ka e mesịrị n'otu afọ ahụ, De Beers Prospecting were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa azụmahịa. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu De Beers pre-feasibility studies na Karowe Mine nke oge a. N'afọ 2007, a họpụtara ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ na-ahụ maka ego na Orapa, Letlhakane na Damtshaa Mines. N'afọ 2010, Lynette gbara arụkwaghịm na De Beers wee malite ọrụ na Tati Nickel Mine. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri na BCL Mine dị ka onye njikwa ngalaba maka ego na nchịkwa, na-arụ ọrụ na ikike ahụ otu afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2013, ọ zaghachiri na mgbasa ozi na Debswana maka ọnọdụ onye nchịkwa ego. E were Se n'ọrụ ma ka afọ na-aga, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye isi ego nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2019, mgbe onye bu ya ụzọ nwụsịrị na mberede, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Debswana Diamond Company Limited.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/8175-race-for-debswana-top-post.html|title=Race for Debswana top post|date=6 May 2020|author=Phillimon Mmeso|accessdate=26 June 2020|archivedate=10 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810025006/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/8175-race-for-debswana-top-post.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-atụle ==
Ọ bụ nne lụrụ di. Ya na di ya bụ nne na nna nke ụmụ abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na Debswana, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke Botswana Accountancy Oversight Authority, ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị nlekọta maka Debswana Pension Fund, Board of BoFiNet, na Board of Morupule Coal Mine. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Botswana Institute of Chartered Accountants . &lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Mumba Kalipu
* Patricia Ojangole
* Njikọ Pan African nke Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Akụ na Ụgwọ

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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Ndị bi na Guinea dị ihe dị ka 89% ndị Alakụba, 7% Ndị Kraịst, na 2% nke nkwenkwe okpukpe ndị mmadụ na 2022. E nwekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị na-ekweghị na Chineke na ndị na-agbaso okpukpe ndị ọzọ.[1]  Ọtụtụ n’ime ndị na-eso ụzọ m, ma ndị Alakụba ma ndị Kraịst, na-ekerịta nkwenkwe nke ụmụ amaala Africa..

N'afọ 2023, Association of Religion Date Archives (ARDA) nwere ndị Alakụba na 86.8%, Ndị Kraịst 3.52%, na ndị mmụọ 9.42% .

== Okpukpe ==
 
Ndị Alakụba Guinea bụ Ndị Sunni nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Maliki nke iwu, nke nwere mmetụta nke Sufism, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/3818383|author=Harrow|first=Kenneth|title=A Sufi Interpretation of &quot;Le Regard du Roi&quot;|journal=Research in African Literatures|date=1983|volume=14|issue=2|pages=135–164}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ụfọdụ [[Ahmadiyya]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&amp;pg=PA1280|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs|author=J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann|date=21 September 2010|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=978-1-59884-203-6|accessdate=4 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okpukpe ndị Shi'a na-eto eto n'ihi ndị bi na Lebanọn na ndị ntụgharị obodo ole na ole.

=== Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ===
 
Ndị otu Ndị Kraịst gụnyere ndị Roman Katọlik, ndị Anglịkan, ndị Baptist, ndị Adventist Seventh-day, na ndị otu Evangelical ndị ọzọ.  Ndịàmà Jehova na-agbasi mbọ ike ka gọọmenti nabata ha. 

=== Okpukpe ndị ọzọ ===
E nwere obere obodo nke okpukpe Bahá'í.  Enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị Hindu, [[Buddhism|ndị Buddha]], ndị China na okpukpe ọdịnala ndị ọzọ.

=== Nkwenkwe ọdịnala ===
[[Faịlụ:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Sande_helmet_mask.jpg|thumb|Ihe mkpuchi okpu nke Sande Society (1940-1965). Òtù Sande bụ òtù nzuzo nke ụmụ nwanyị.]]
Òtù Sande bụ nzukọ nzuzo nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ na [[Liberia]], Sierra Leone, na Guinea nke na-enyere ụmụ agbọghọ aka ịghọ ndị okenye, na-enye ha ohere ịmụ ụmụ, na-akwalite echiche nke àgwà ọma na omume mmekọahụ kwesịrị ekwesị, ma nwee mmasị na ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ n'oge ndụ ha niile.  Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Sande na-akwado ọdịmma ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụmụ nwanyị ma na-akwalite ọdịmma ọha mmadụ nke Poro, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado ụmụ nwoke.  Ee, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze n'etiti Aka-linkid=&quot;50&quot; href=&quot;./Bassa_people_(Liberia)&quot; id=&quot;mwVw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Bassa people (Liberia)&quot;&gt;Bassa, Gola, Kissi, Kpelle, Loma, Mano na Vai nke Liberia..

Na mpaghara dum, nkwekọrịta nke ọrụ ụmụ nwoke - nke pụtara ìhè na ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka ọrụ ugbo, mmepụta textile, wdg - zuru ezu.  Òtù Sande nke ndị inyom na ndị ikom Poro agbanweela ọchịchị ọdịnala nke &quot;ala&quot; (echiche nke ịnakwere ụwa nke dị elu karịa mmadụ) maka afọ atọ na afọ anọ.  Mgbe e wepụrụ ọchịchị Sande, e wepụrụ ihe ịrịba ama nile nke ọha mmadụ. 

Na ngwụcha afọ atọ a, ndị isi Sande &quot;na-enyefe ala&quot; nye ndị ibe ya na Poro Society maka afọ anọ ọzọ, mgbe oge ezumike gasịrị, usoro ememe ahụ malitere ọzọ. Usoro mmalite afọ atọ na afọ anọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke bụ otu ihe atụ nke ojiji a na-ejikarị nọmba 3 na 4 eme ihe iji gosipụta okike nke ndị mmadụ, ebe na ihe omume; ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ niile bụ asaa, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nsọ n'ógbè ahụ dum.

== Ọnọdụ okpukpe ==
N'afọ 2012, ndị Alakụba bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu na mpaghara Guinea niile.  [1] Ọtụtụ Ndị Kraịst nọ na Conakry, nnukwu obodo, na ndịda, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Nkwenkwe bụ isi okpukperechi nke ndị obodo Ọhia.&lt;ref name=&quot;2009-2017.state.gov&quot;&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208368.pdf &quot;Guinea 2012 International Religious Freedom Report&quot;, US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwere Onwe Okpukpe ==

=== Nchebe iwu ===
Iwu nke Guinea, ọ bụ ezie na a kwụsịtụrụ ya site n'oge ọchịchị ndị agha nke afọ 2009 ruo mgbe ntuli aka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke afọ 2010 gasịrị, dere na Guinea bụ steeti na-abụghị nke okpukpe ebe mmadụ niile nwere nha nhata n'ihu iwu, n'agbanyeghị okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Constitute Project&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guinea's Constitution of 2010|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guinea_2010.pdf?lang=en|work=Constitute Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu ahụ na-enye ikike ndị mmadụ nwere ịhọrọ, gbanwee, ma mee okpukpe ha họọrọ. 

Secretariat of Religious Affairs nke gọọmentị Guinea na-ezube ịkwalite mmekọrịta ka mma n'etiti okpukpe na imeziwanye esỌ bụ ezie na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst bụ okpukpe Abraham, [1] ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eso ya adịghị agbaso akụkụ nke iwu ahụ [[Mozis]] kụziri.  Otú ọ dị, ndị Seventh-day Adventist kweere na Bible adịghị ka ndị Juu ndị ọzọ.  Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Etiopia na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Eritrea enweghị otu omenala okpukpe.  [2] [3] Ndị na-akwado Mgbọrọgwụ Mgbọrọgwụ Hibru anaghị eri anụemokwu agbụrụ. Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke ihe gbasara okpukpe na-ahọpụta ndị nduzi mba isii ka ha duzie ọfịs nke ihe gbasara Ndị Kraịst, ihe gbasara ndị Alakụba, njem ala nsọ, ebe ofufe, ihe gbasara akụ na ụba na onyinye, na onye nyocha n'ozuzu.

Ndị Imam na ndị ọrụ nchịkwa nke nnukwu ụlọ alakụba dị n'isi obodo Conakry, na nnukwu ụlọ alakọba dị n&quot;obodo ukwu nke mpaghara anọ ahụ, bụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị. Ụlọ alakụba ndị a nọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke gọọmentị.

N'afọ 2012, gọọmentị kwupụtara ezumike okpukpe ndị a: Mawlid (ụbọchị ọmụmụ Muhammad), Mọnde Ista, Ụbọchị Assumption, Eid al-Fitr, Tabaski, na Krismas..

N'afọ 2023, e nyere mba ahụ akara 3 n'ime 4 maka nnwere onwe okpukpe dị ka Freedom House si kwuo, nke kwuru na a na-akwanyere ikike okpukpe ùgwù mgbe ụfọdụ maka akụkọ ịkpa ókè.

=== N'etiti ndị Guinea ===
N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Guinea, nrụgide ezinụlọ siri ike, ọha mmadụ, ọdịbendị, mmekọrịta ọha na eze, na ọbụna akụ na ụba na-egbochi saịtị nke Islam.  N'afọ 2012, na Dingiraye, obodo ndị Alakụba n'Africa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ime ememe ezumike ma ọ bụ ememe okpukpe ndị ọzọ.  Ndị ọchịchị obodo Dinguiraye na-arịọ maka ikike ịrụ ụlọ.

=== Ime ihe ike n'etiti agbụrụ na okpukpe ===
 
Enwere ụbọchị atọ nke esemokwu okpukperechi na obodo Nzerekore na Julaị 2013.[1][2]  Agha n'etiti agbụrụ Kpelle, ndị bụ Ndị Kraịst ma ọ bụ ndị Kraịst, nke ebo Konianke, bụ ndị Alakụba na ndị dị nso na ebo Malinke, hapụrụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 54.[2].  Ndị nwụrụ anwụ gụnyere ndị ọkụ gburu.[2]  Ọ kwụsịrị mgbe ndị agha Guinea nyere iwu ka ha kwụsị ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23335719 &quot;Guinean troops deployed after deadly ethnic clashes&quot;, BBC Africa, 17 July 2013.]&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, ime ihe ike dị na Kendoumaya, Lower Guinea, ma na-emetụta esemokwu banyere ikike ala n'etiti ndị obodo na ebe obibi ndị mọnk.

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Ebbe Vilborg</title>
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Ebbe Vilborg (14 February 1926 - 30 Disemba 2018) bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị Swedish nke na-elekwasị anya na asụsụ oge ochie, onye prọfesọ nke Greek oge ochie na Mahadum Gothenburg, onye Esperantist (saịtị sitere na 1940 ruo ugbu a), onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ọkà mmụta asụsụ, na ọkà mmụta asụsụ nke Universal na-asọpụrụ.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023301/http://aleph.onb.ac.at/F/7S5C4Y333RCDVFRLLX4VKMDLDKPC1GB%C5%ACNHVF1X8PKPCD9R7HJ-02086?func=file&amp;file_name=login Akwụkwọ] (E debere  Wayback Machine) site ma ọ bụ banyere Ebbe Vilborg na Ngalaba nke Asụsụ Atụmatụ na Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Esperanto (E debara  Wayback machine) 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509062042/http://www.esperantoland.org/ebea/ Isiokwu] site na ma ọ bụ banyere Ebbe Vilborg na Elektronika Bibliografio de Esperantaj Artikoloj (EBEA) 
* A small Bibliography in [https://web.archive.org/web/20160329034813/http://familienforschung-pabst.de/EspBiographien/PP-pdf/Terminoteko-10.pdf ''Terminoteko''] 4th year, 2/1994 (No. 10), p. 20-21.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rebecca Miano</title>
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'''Rebecca Miano''' bụ onye ọka iwu Kenya na onye ndu azụmaahịa kọntinent, na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka odeakwụkwọ Cabinet maka njem nlegharị anya na anụ ọhịa. Ọ na-arụbu ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ Cabinet maka itinye ego, ahia &amp; ụlọ ọrụ site na October 2023 ruo July 2024. Ọ bụbu odeakwụkwọ Cabinet maka [[East African Community]], ASALs na Regional Development. Tupu ọ banye na Cabinet, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi nchịkwa nke KenGen Plc., onye na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na mpaghara East Africa site na November 2017. Ekwenyere ya na 1 Nọvemba 2017, [1] na-eje ozi na ikike ime ihe kemgbe August 2017.

== Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Miano nwere nzere bachelọ nke iwu na Mahadum Nairobi wee gaa mmemme ọzụzụ ndị nkwado na Kenya School of Law[1] O jikwa Master of Laws in Comparative Law, nke Mahadum mba Australia nyere ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Two&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/08/26/kengen-appoints-Rebecca-Miano-acting-ceo-after-mugo-retires_c1623885|title=KenGen appoints Rebecca Miano acting CEO after Mugo retires|work=[[The Star (Kenya)]]|date=26 August 2017|accessdate=25 October 2019|author=Nancy Agutu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ na ngalaba onwe onye ===
N'inwe ọrụ dị iche iche afọ iri abụọ na ise na ngalaba ike, Oriakụ Miano bụ onye ndú azụmaahịa a ma ama na kọntinent. O buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu dị na Nairobi, &quot;Musyoka Annan &amp; Company Advocates&quot;. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na &quot;Slater and Gordon&quot;, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na Queensland, Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Two&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1998, ọ sonyeere Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), dị ka onye enyemaka iwu. Ka oge na-aga, ọ rịgooro n'ọkwá ka ọ bụrụ osote odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ. N'oge ọ na-akwalite ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anọchite anya onye isi nchịkwa, n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, ọ bụ onye isi nchịba nke ihe gbasara iwu na odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ na KenGen, na-eje ozi na ọrụ abụọ ahụ kemgbe afọ 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;Two&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;One&quot;&gt;{{citation|date=1 November 2017 | url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/companies/Rebecca-Miano-confirmed-KenGen-CEO/4003102-4165148-10da923/index.html | title=Rebecca Miano confirmed KenGen CEO |newspaper=[[Business Daily Africa]] |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]] |access-date=25 October 2019 |author=Neville Otuki |location=Nairobi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba 2017, Miano meriri 90 ndị ọzọ na-achọ akwụkwọ wee họpụta ya n'ọkwa ya, dochie Albert Mugo na-ala ezumike nká. [1] N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na naanị onye isi nchịkwa na KenGen. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2017, ọ bụ otu n'ime naanị ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nọ na Kenya na-eduzi ụlọ ọrụ parastatal, naanị nwanyị ọzọ bụ MaryJane Mwangi, onye isi ọrụ nke National Oil Corporation nke Kenya..

=== Usoro iheomume ===

* Julaị 2024: A họpụtara odeakwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ, Ministry for Tourism and Wildlife
* Ọktoba 2023: Onye a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ, Ministry for Investments, Trade and Industry
* Septemba 2022: Nhọpụta dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Cabinet, Ministry of East African Community, Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs), na Regional Development.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-28|title=Rebecca Miano: Profile of Corporate Guru Named in Ruto's Cabinet - Kenyans.co.ke|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/80016-rebecca-miano-profile-corporate-guru-named-rutos-cabinet|accessdate=2023-08-30|work=www.kenyans.co.ke|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Miano so na EAC Council of Ministers na onye bụbu onye otu East African Legislative Assembly (EALA).

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==
Miano bụ onye otu Law Society of Kenya, na onye odeakwụkwọ ọha na eze nke Kenya (CPS-K). 

N'afọ 2023, ICPSK nyere ya ọkwa Fellowship.

== Nkwado ==

* N'afọ 2024, a họpụtara Miano dị ka onye ndu ọrụ ọha na eze kacha mma n'afọ na East Africa 2024 Women of Excellence Awards
* N'afọ 2023, e nyere ya Order of the Golden Heart (EGH), iji kwado ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na Kenya
* N'afọ 2019, e nyere ya Moran nke Order of the Burning Spear (MBS) iji kwado ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na mba ahụ.
* N'afọ 2010, e ji Order of the Grand Warrior of Kenya chọọ Miano mma iji kwado ọrụ ya &lt;ref name=&quot;Two&quot; /&gt;
* N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, e nyere ya onye ndu na ọchịchị ụlọ ọrụ na African Business Leadership Awards site na African Leadership Magazine ọ meriri n'okpuru African Inspirational Business Leadership Award
* World Bank Group họpụtara Miano dị ka onye sonyere na Kansụl ndụmọdụ gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na mmepe na June 2021 ebe ọ ga-eje ozi afọ abụọ [https://nation.africa/kenya/news/gender/rebecca-miano-is-a-woman-to-watch-in-2021-3249226]
*
* N'afọ 2010, Oriakụ Miano meriri onye odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ nke afọ na usoro Champions of Governance Awards.
* '''Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ntinye Ego, Azụmaahịa na Ụlọ Ọrụ'''
* Ọ bụ ya bu ụzọ bịanye aka na nkwado nke National Assembly of the Kenya-EU EPA
* Nkwurịta okwu ndị isi oche nke dugara na nkwekọrịta Kenya / UAE na nkwekọ nkwekọrịta akụ na ụba zuru oke (CEPA) 
* Nkwado mmepe nke map ụzọ maka mmezu nke mkparịta ụka Kenya-US Trade and Investment Partnership (STIP) 
* Ọ bụ onye ndú n'ịtọ ntọala na iwu Flagship Export Processing Zones na mpaghara Busia, Eldoret, Muranga na Kirinyaga
* Ọ na-eduzi nguzobe nke Kenya dị ka ebe Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) nke nwere 3 BPOs (Majorel, Adec na Samasource) dị ugbu a na EPZs na otu CCI Global dị na Tatu City SEZ
* E guzobere Karibu Business Support Centres (KBSC), atụmatụ nkwado azụmaahịa otu-ụlọ ahịa iji kwalite azụmahịa, mmepụta na itinye ego na Kenya
* Nkwado ọrụ FDI asaa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'ime paịpụ Africa Green Industrialization Initiative (AGII) na ntinye ego karịrị $ 1 ijeri
* Nkwekọrịta iwu kwadoro na Gọọmentị Obodo gbasara mmejuputa na ịrụ ọrụ nke Ogige Mgbakọ Obodo na Ogige Ọrụ (CAIPs) 
* Mmalite nke National E-Commerce Strategy
* '''Ministry of East African Community, ASAL &amp; Regional Development'''
* Nkwụsị nke Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) na ngwaahịa Kenya na EAC
* Emegharịrị imekọ ihe ọnụ EAC n'okpuru Northern Corridor Integrated Projects (NCIP) 
* Emechara mkparịta ụka mba dị otu ọnwa na EAC Political Confederation Constitution iji kwado ịrụ ọrụ nke ogidi nke anọ nke njikọta EAC
* Ọ lekọtara mgbalị mberede n'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo kachasị njọ na Kenya n'ime afọ 40 site n'itinye aka n'inye mmiri na nri karịsịa maka ndị na-azụ anụ na mba ahụ.
* '''KenGen Plc'''
* Ike KenGen arụnyere site na 1,575MW tupu 2017 ruo 1,904MW na 2022
* Atụmatụ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma, imewe, mkparịta ụka maka ego, ịmalite, iwu, na itinye n'ọrụ nke 86MW Olkaria I Additional Unit 6 geothermal power plant na 172MW Olcaria V Geothermal power station.
* Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ / mepụtara ọgbọ isi mmiri na Kenya ma bulie ikike arụnyere ruo 81MW
* Mmụba nke ikike geothermal site na 713MW ruo 799MW na-etinye Kenya n'ọnọdụ asaa n'etiti ndị na-emepụta geothermal iri kachasị n'ụwa.
* Nkwekọrịta ịgba ala na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka nde atọ na Ethiopia na Djibouti, na-eme ka KenGen bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze mbụ ịbanye na azụmahịa na Horn of Africa
* E wuru ya nke ọma ma nyefee ya Ksh.330 nde Naivasha Level IV hospital na mmekorita ya na Gọọmentị Nakuru County dị ka akụkụ nke Big Four Agenda iji melite nlekọta ahụike nke obodo na Naivasha na gburugburu ya (2022) 
* O ji ihe ịga nke ọma tinye atụmatụ mmeghachi omume kachasị ukwuu (RAP) n'oge a na-ewu 280MW Olkaria I Unit 4 &amp; 5 na Olkaria IV Geothermal Power Plants. KenGen nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwaga ezinụlọ 155 na ala dị otu puku na narị asaa nke a na-akpọ 'RAP Land' nke nwere ihe ndị zuru oke dịka ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike, n'etiti ndị ọzọ
* Tọrọ ntọala Pink Energy Initiative iji bulie ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ime KenGen. Nzukọ ahụ agafeela n'ihu na ikpo okwu ngalaba iji nye iwu ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ndị ọzọ n'ime Ministry of Energy
* Mmalite Blue Energy na Y-Gen maka ụmụ nwoke na ndị ntorobịa n'otu n'otu iji nyere aka zụlite ndị ọrụ niile, na-abawanye ndị ọrụ na uto azụmaahịa
* Onye Afrịka sonyere na CEO Roundtable na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na 77th United Nations General Assembly
* Onye nnọchiteanya na UN Global Compact Private Sector Forum na 19 Septemba 2022 na New York, USA
* Ọ nọchitere anya Kenya na 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) dị ka onye ndú azụmaahịa na-akwado mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe site na itinye ike ọhụrụ maka Kenya na ndị ndú Africa ndị ọzọ
* Debe KenGen n'ihu n'ibelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, n'ikwekọ na mkpebi Kenya iji merie Mgbanwe ihu igwe, site n'i belata Green House Gas (GHG) site na ihe dị ka 32% site n'afọ 2030
* Ọ duziri KenGen n'ịmejuputa ọrụ isii Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) na atọ n'ime ha dị na Olkaria (Olkaria IV Geothermal Project, Olkaria I Additional Units 4 na 5 Geothermal Projection, na Olkaria II Unit 3 Geothermal Expansion Project). Ihe ndị a niile n'otu, na-enye aka n'ịkwụsị ihe dịka nde tọn 1.5 nke Carbon Dioxide (tCO2) kwa afọ
* Ọ mere ka KenGen nweta ikike ire nde tọn carbon anọ
* Onye otu UN Global Compact Board na osote onye isi oche maka Global Compacte Kenya
* A họpụtara ya ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu COP26 Presidency business leader's forum iji mee ka omume ihu igwe dị ngwa.
* Tọrọ ntọala ma kpọọ Africa Sustainable Energy Conference nke mbụ na Olkaria, Naivasha na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Energy na-enye ikpo okwu maka mmekorita South-to-South maka nchekwa ike na Africa
* O mere ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ ike na kọntinent ahụ nke ọma, na-eme ka KenGen nweta nkwanye ùgwù na 2021 East Africa Regional Climate Action awards site na [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development|IGAD]] maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji mee ka mgbanwe gaa na akụ na ụba carbon dị ala n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka
* A na-akpọ ya 100 Women CEOs n'Africa site na Reset Global People na mmekorita ya na Pulse na Avance Media, ugboro abụọ n'usoro
* A na-akpọ ndị na-akwọ ụgbọala 25 kachasị elu na ndị na-eme mkpọtụ n'Africa na 2021 site na African Energy Chamber
* Ndepụta n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị 50 kachasị elu na Corporate Africa site na The Africa.com Definitive List of Women CEOs, 2021
* O sonyere na nzukọ dị elu nke CEO Roundtable na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na 77th United Nations General Assembly

== Hụkwa ==

* Kọmitii nke Kenya
* Njem na Kenya

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mensa Otabil</title>
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      <text bytes="12954" sha1="8vl0t1kslflavkqwhln5aid3vyxslik" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Mensa Otabil&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A mụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1959-08-31&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;August 31, 1959 (afọ 65) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Sekondi-Takoradi]], Ghana&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nwunye
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:Marriage/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;marriage-display-ws&quot;&gt;Joy Otabil (nwụrụ n'afọ 1986)  (nwụrụ n'afọ 1986) &amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụmụaka
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |4
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nne na Nna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Dinah OtabilLLoyd Otabil&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Okpukpe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Chọọchị
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Chọọchị Oziọma Mba Nile
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ọgbakọ ndị e jere ozi&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Christ Temple, Abossey Okai, Accra &amp; Christ Temple, East, Teshie (Rasta, Bush Road) Accra
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ọfịs ndị e nwere&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Onye isi ụkọchukwu, Christ TempleChancellor (Central University College) &lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aha ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Onye guzobere, ICGC Pastor, ICGC Christ Temple&lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Mensa Otabil''' ( ከውጭ n'August 31, 1959), bụ onye ọkụ ọkụ Ghana, ọkà okwu na-akpali akpali, na onye ọchụnta ego.  [1][2] Ọ bụ onye adi International Central Gospel Church nke nwere isi na Accra, [[Ghana]].[2][3]  Ọ bụkwa onye akara na Chancellor nke Central University College, na CEO nke Otabil and Associates, onye isi na Leadership Growth Consultancy..&lt;ref name=&quot;Mensah Otabil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanatoghana.com/Ghanahomepage/pastor-mensah-otabil-ghanaians-talk-loudly|title=Pastor Mensah Otabil: Ghanaians talk loudly|work=GhanaToGhana|date=March 25, 2011|accessdate=21 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824205546/http://www.ghanatoghana.com/Ghanahomepage/pastor-mensah-otabil-ghanaians-talk-loudly|archivedate=24 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-elekọta ụka International Central Gospel ugbu a, nke nwere ihe nke ihe mpaghara na Ghana, [[Obodo Békè|Europe]], United States, [[Kánada|Canada]] na ndị ọzọ nke Afrịka.  Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye isi isi nke Christ Temple, ozi nke International Central Gospel Church.  Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara Afrịka, ọ bụ ebe na ọ na-ekwu okwu na mba ụwa na ikike na ụka dị iche iche..   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A egwuregwu Mensa Anamua Otabil na 31 Ọgọstụ 1959 n'aka Dinah na Lloyd Otabil bụ ndị bi na Asafo Street na Sekondi, na mpaghara isiokwu nke Ghana.  Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke a na nke atọ n'Ịmụ nke mmadụ asaa nwere ụmụ nwoke a na otu nwa amụrụ (Effie, Kojo, Ekow, Mensa na Kofi).  Ọ nuna ya, Joy, n'afọ 1986 ma ha nwere ụmụ anọ ugbu a: Sompa, Nsh, Yoofi na Baaba Aseda.

N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, mpaghara ya kwagara Baka-ekyir, (Sekondi) ebe ọ gara Anglican Primary School dị nso na Gyandu Park, Sekondi.  O mechara banye na Klas 2 na Community 2 No.3 Primary &amp; Middle School (nke bụzi [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] School) na January 1966. Nke a bụ mgbe agụ ya kwagara Tema n'ihi nkwalite nna ya ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa ndị ọrụ na GIHOC Boat Yard na Tema.

Mgbe ọ gafesịrị ule ya, Otabil nwetara nnabata na Swedru Secondary School (SWESCO) na 1972 wee gụchaa Ordinary Level Studies na 1977. Mgbe ọ nọ na Tema, ya na nne ya fere ofufe na St. Alban's Anglican Church, Tema Community 1, ma mesịa soro ya gaa na Assemblies of God Church na Tema Community 4. Otabil bụ onye otu Power House Fellowship na Tema.

Nne ya nwụrụ na 1975, nna ya nwụkwara na 1976. Na ịhụ afọ 1970, ọ kwagara Roman Ridge ma ike gaa Kanda na Accra ebe ọ sonyeere Kanda fellowship.  N'oge ahụ, ọ nwerekwara ọrụ na Ngalaba Audio Visual nke Ministry of Information.  Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka ọ zutere ma talent ọrụ na Edwin Donkor, onye mechara bụrụ pastọ na ICGC.  N'ime iri abụọ na isii n'afọ Febụwarị n'afọ 1984, ọ pụtara International Central Gospel Church na Kanda Cluster of Schools, ma ịhụ kwaga Sal Valley School, nke mpaghara na mpaghara Kanda..&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kumah|first=Edward|date=2022-08-07|title=Who is Mensa Otabil? Biography, Net Worth, Age, Wife, Children, Parents, Siblings|url=https://coverghana.com.gh/who-is-mensa-otabil-biography-net-worth-age-wife-children-parents-siblings/|accessdate=2022-09-09|work=Coverghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka General Overseer nke Chọọchị na Senior Pastor nke Christ Temple, Abossey Okai na Accra na Christ Temple - East, Teshie Rasta - Bush Road kwa na Accra. E nyela Otabil nzere doctorate maka ọrụ ya na ngalaba dị iche iche. Ọ bụkwa onye natara Millennium Excellence Award. N'afọ 2007, Gọọmentị Ghana nyere ya ihe nrite steeti, Order of the Volta (Okpukpe). &lt;ref name=&quot;Kumah&quot;/&gt;

== Onyinye na mmata ==
Na Machị 2018, Otabil, ya na Kofi Annan na Martin Amidu mere ya na ndepụta nke 100 Ndị Afrịka A Ma Ama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://pulse.com.gh/news/politics/martin-amidu-otabil-make-list-of-100-most-reputable-africans-id8112356.html|title=Martin Amidu, Otabil make list of 100 Most Reputable Africans|author=Tornyi|first=Emmanuel|accessdate=2018-03-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndepụta ahụ gosipụtakwara ndị mmadụ si na ngalaba dị iche iche gụnyere idu ndú, ntụrụndụ, nkwado, agụmakwụkwọ na azụmaahịa.

N'afọ 2015, ndị Ghana họpụtara ya dị ka &quot;Onye kachasị nwee mmetụta na Ghana&quot;, dịka ndepụta nke ETV Ghana bipụtara si kwuo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.starrfmonline.com/1.1998160|title=Otabil is most influential Ghanaian|date=February 16, 2015|work=Starr FM online|accessdate=21 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708221652/http://www.starrfmonline.com/1.1998160|archivedate=8 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2013, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye Ghana nke iri abụọ na anọ na-enwe ike, na mbụ aka nke ETV Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;etv2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana's 100 Most Influential personalities in 2012 finally revealed|url=http://www.etvghana.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2994:ghanas-100-most-influential-personalities-in-2012-finally-revealed&amp;Itemid=484|accessdate=4 February 2014|publisher=Etv Ghana|archivedate=21 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221165049/http://www.etvghana.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2994:ghanas-100-most-influential-personalities-in-2012-finally-revealed&amp;Itemid=484}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Telivishọn na redio ==
Otabil na-aga mmemme redio na ebe a na-akpọ Living Word ebe ọ na-ekwu maka nsogbu ndụ dị ka Okpukpe, njikọ, ikike na-, Ndụ, ngwaọrụ na Soviet Soviet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICGC_California_ICGC_Founder_&amp;_Overseerer_Dr_Mensa_Otabil|url=http://icgccalifornia.org/icgcfounder.html|accessdate=2018-03-24|work=International Central Gospel Church california}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ netwọk redio na telivishọn agbasawo mmemme ahụ na Ghana.

Ihe ngosi ahụ na-aga na ihe Matthew Ashimolowo KICC-TV, nke na-eru n'ịgba Europe na North Africa na nke Middle East..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=LIVING WORD WITH MENSA OTABIL|url=http://www.kicctv.tv/index.php/our-rates/22-shows/worldwide-ministries/30-living-word-with-mensa-otabil|accessdate=2018-03-24|work=kicctv|language=en-gb|archivedate=2018-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224338/http://www.kicctv.tv/index.php/our-rates/22-shows/worldwide-ministries/30-living-word-with-mensa-otabil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na echiche ọha na eze ==
A kpọtụrụ Otabil aha n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Ghana maka echiche ya banyere ọchịchị na Africa n'ozuzu ya.

A na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ na-ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị &lt;ref name=&quot;mobile.ghanaweb.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mahama viciously attacks Otabil for being 'tired' of politics|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Mahama-viciously-attacks-Otabil-for-being-tired-of-politics-636246|accessdate=2018-03-24|work=Mobile GhanaWeb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma sonye na NPP (otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ghana). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mensah Otabil is pure NPP – Ponkoh asserts|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Mensah-Otabil-is-pure-NPP-Ponkoh-asserts-417948|accessdate=2018-03-24|work=Mobile GhanaWeb|archivedate=2018-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224412/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Mensah-Otabil-is-pure-NPP-Ponkoh-asserts-417948}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2018, onye bụbu onye isi ala, John Dramani Mahama malitere mwakpo yiri nke ahụ na Otabil. &lt;ref name=&quot;mobile.ghanaweb.com&quot; /&gt;

Ndị ọrụ nke New Patriotic Party (NPP) [1] na onye bụbu onye isi ala John Agyekum Kuffour [2] nke na-eso na Mensa Otabil Ezinụlọ onye ikike ike, kama ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi nke na-amasị ikwu maka eziokwu nke ụbọchị ahụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;Debrah&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://yen.com.gh/amp/42408-dr-mensa-otabil-not-politician-j-kufuor-video.html|title=Dr Mensa Otabil is not a politician – J.A Kufuor (video)|author=Debrah|first=Ameyaw|accessdate=2018-03-24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ Capital Bank ==
Otabil bụ Louis oche nke Capital Bank dara.[1]  A na-ekwu na Otabil duziri nnata ego na-enwe mmetụta site na Bank n'aha ndị otu ya na ha nwere njikọ nke mere ka ọ daa.  Wall nke ndị Ghana akpọọla ka a kwado ndị isi ụlọ akụ ahụ ata na ha keere òkè dị mkpa na ike ya.  Otú ọ dị, na Disemba 2018, Otabil gbarachitere ya megide ikpe nke Vish Ashiagbor na Eric Nana Nipah nke PricewaterhouseCoopers egwu, ndị bụ ndị na-anata Capital Bank (Ghana) .  Ndị gbara akwụkwọ, Messrs Vish Ashiagbor na Eric Nana Nipah si PricewaterhouseCoopers, kwuru na ike ụlọ akụ ahụ bụ &quot;ihe si na ndị a na-ebo ebubo&quot; &quot;Maka-eri ezi&quot; na akwụkwọ iwu ụlọ akụ &quot;n' Pan ama&quot;.  Pastọ Otabil na nzaghachi ya pụtara n'iche ikwu na ụlọ ọrụ ọ na-eduzi ya mere ihe mgbakwasị na-abụ ezi na Bank of Ghana n'ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi nke obere ego maka inye ikike ụlọ akụ - nke bụ otu n'ime okwu na ikpe ya na ndị ndu ndị ọzọ.

Otabil kọwakwara n'ịgbachitere ya na-enye nọmba nke GHī482 nde a akwụkwọ n' akwụkwọ nke Capital Bank (Ghana) nke site na ileghara anya nke ndị nduzi.  O kwuru na ọ bụ n'ihi na onye gbara akwụkwọ ihe dị iche iche iche dị ama ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma nke a na-ahụ na ụbọchị microfinance nke First Capital Plus nke onyinye Capital Bank (Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.adomonline.com/ghana-news/otabil-files-defence-against-defunct-capital-bank-suit-denies-wrongdoing/|title=Otabil Files Defence|work=Adomonline|accessdate=2019-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
Otabil ebipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na-akpali akpali, idu ndú, na ofufe:

* ''Zụta Ọdịnihu: Ịmụta Ịkparịta ụka maka Ọdịnihu Ka Mma karịa Ugbu A Gị''&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Buy the Future: Learning to Negotiate for a Future Better Than Your Present|isbn=1562291904}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Okpukpe: Okwu Dị Ndụ''

'''Akwụkwọ e-akwụkwọ:'''

* ''Nzọụkwụ 5 Iji Azịza Ekpere''
* ''E tere ya mmanụ ịmalite ma mechie''
* ''Ịtọ Ihe Ebumnuche &amp; Ịtọ Ihe''
* ''Otu esi ejupụta Mmụọ Nsọ''
* ''Ịgbanwe adịghị ike gị ka ọ bụrụ ike''

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* &quot;[http://yen.com.gh/40584-yen-com-gh-polls-mensa-otabil-wins-best-pastor-president.html &quot;Mensa Otabil meriri dị ka onye ụkọchukwu kacha mma maka onye isi ala&quot;]&quot;, Yen.com
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ennydavidson</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>King ChristLike</username>
        <id>13051</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Multiple account? */ Zaghachi</comment>
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      <text bytes="6968" sha1="p24p2tgii0o5rpkn4sv72qy4d47ap5h" xml:space="preserve">== Multiple account? ==

Hi, are you by any chance associated with @[[Ojiarụ:Ennydavids|Ennydavids]] or running multiple accounts? Cos I find very similar details on both user pages. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 21:30, 17 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] thanks for reaching out. It's a long story but I lost my formal account which was as a result of cyber attacks. [[Ojiarụ:Ennydavidson|Ennydavidson]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ: Ennydavidson|ṅkátá]]) 13:38, 18 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Ojiarụ:Ennydavidson|Ennydavidson]]: We need some clarity to your claim. Which account was lost and which is currently in use? FWIW, you have edited with both accounts in the last few weks as shown [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche%3AContributions&amp;target=Ennydavids&amp;namespace=all&amp;tagfilter=&amp;start=&amp;end=&amp;limit=500 here] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:GlobalContributions/Ennydavidson here]. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 14:12, 18 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] I am no longer using the old account which is ennydavids. The account I am using now is (ennydavidson). I will deeply appreciate it you recognize ennydavidson as my account now. Best regards ennydavidson [[Ojiarụ:Ennydavidson|Ennydavidson]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ennydavidson|ṅkátá]]) 08:08, 19 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm afraid to believe so because I see you recently translated an article [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Amata_as%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_nd%E1%BB%8B_ogbi&amp;action=history here] using [[User:Ennydavids]] (the same account you're asking to be disregarded). While still maintaining your second account [[User:Ennydavidson]]. 
::::This is seemingly a case of Sockpuppetry. Can you give a valid reason why you actively maintain multiple accounts? [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 06:57, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
:::::thank you for your kind response. The account I am using now is ennydavidson. I have resolved this issue with tochi our president and Lucy is aware of it that is why they gave me grant. Please sir acknowledge the new account. Thank you  [[Ọpụrụiche:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14381-97|&amp;#126;2026-14381-97]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:&amp;#126;2026-14381-97|talk]]) 08:12, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
::::::Hello @[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] and @[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], can you kindly confirm this? [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 09:46, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] Daalụ!
:::::::I want to clarify that I'm aware that the WMF policy does not support Sockpuppetry and same with our community. However, I'm not aware not that the user is operating on both account as I only know of the one that was referred to as having been used to access Wikimedia Scholarship.
:::::::In the circumstance of multiple account usage, I trust the Wikimedia community process to first be considered and appropriate decision made in line with WMF policy. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 12:56, 7 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
:::::::'''Clarification regarding microgrant eligibility'''
:::::::I would like to provide some clarification regarding the microgrant that was recently approved for this user through the Igbo Wikimedians User Group program.
:::::::During the grant review process, the applicant informed us that a previous account had been blocked for sockpuppetry but stated that the account had not been used for approximately two years. Based on this information, and after considering the user’s willingness to contribute to community activities, the grant was approved.
:::::::Following the approval, we were notified us that the previously blocked account had recent edits. Upon checking the account history, edits were found from January, February, and March of this year.
:::::::This information was not known to the grant team at the time the application was assessed. As a result, the microgrant has been paused while the situation is reviewed internally and further clarification is requested from the applicant.
:::::::The purpose of this note is simply to document the sequence of events and clarify that the grant decision was made based on the information provided during the application process.
:::::::We appreciate you for bringing this to our attention and will proceed with the appropriate review to ensure transparency and fairness in the program.
:::::::Thank you!
:::::::On behalf of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group microgrant review team [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 10:33, 8 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;thank you for your kind response. The account I am using now is ennydavidson. I have resolved this issue with tochi our president that I want to go on with this account ennydavidson. And the simple reason is Wikimedia UK and GLAM recognize this account because of the scholarship programs I have received from them. Please sir accept Ennydavidson as my account . Thank you [[Ọpụrụiche:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14381-97|&amp;#126;2026-14381-97]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:&amp;#126;2026-14381-97|talk]]) 08:24, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
::::::Hello @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] and @[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], kindly weigh in objectively on this matter. This user as a sock puppet has failed to demonstrate the need for having multiple accounts and has actively maintained both accounts (as opposed to community policy). I’m proposing a local block on both accounts pending further action. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 19:40, 14 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Omitted references ==

Daalu for translating these articles: [[Asụsụ Khamba]], [[Asusu Mal]], [[Ule Asụsụ]]. Biko, add the omitted references from the enwiki page to the article to ensure that content integrity is maintained. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 17:06, 2 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] the person who created this article did not add reference or source [[Ojiarụ:Ennydavidson|Ennydavidson]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ennydavidson|ṅkátá]]) 17:54, 2 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
::At least, [[Asụsụ Khamba]] and [[Ule Asụsụ]] were translated by you. And their enwiki pages clearly have references in it. Can you start by making corrections on the igwiki article and adding the omitted references? [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 20:39, 2 Maachị 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Underground Railroad</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-15T00:56:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Goodymaraj</username>
        <id>21567</id>
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      <text bytes="37825" sha1="fkplum8c9wqhhvwt296xwe9yvxu8liw" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Undergroundrailroadsmall2.jpg|thumb|Underground Railroad]]

Akwụkwọ okporo ụzọ n'okpuru ala bụ akụkụ a haziri hazi nke ụzọ na ụlọ nke Ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe ji gbalaga na ndị abolitionist Northern United States   na Eastern Canada.  Ndị ohu Africa na [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Ndị Africa America]] gbapụrụ n'ọhụụ na-ele anya awụ nke iri na isii na ọtụtụ n'ime mgbapụ ha ịnwụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Special Resource Study, Management Concepts Underground Railroad|date=1995|publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8mTMjMSRYC&amp;q=unaided}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;NPS What Is&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is the Underground Railroad?|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/what-is-the-underground-railroad.htm|work=[[National Park Service]]|accessdate=9 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208022026/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/what-is-the-underground-railroad.htm|archivedate=2025-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Jersey's Underground Railroad Heritage|url=https://dspace.njstatelib.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2d0a25c0-0b00-4c37-a53f-b8888b3e2193/content|work=New Jersey Historical Commission|publisher=New Jersey State Library|accessdate=18 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, netwọk nke ụlọ ndị dị nchebe nke a maara dị ka Underground Railroad malitere ịhazi na 1780s n'etiti Abolitionist Societies na North.  &lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historic Context for the Underground Railroad|url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/ugrr/exugrr2.htm#:~:text=The%20runaways%20became%20%22contraband%2C%22,the%20Army%20were%20initially%20rebuffed.|work=Researching and Interpreting the Underground Railroad|publisher=The National Park Service|accessdate=8 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Underground Railroad c. 1780–1862|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html|work=Africans in America|publisher=PBS|accessdate=9 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ gara n'ebe ugwu ma jiri ojiji na-eto ruo mgbe Onye isi ala Abraham Lincoln bịanyere aka na ike Nnwere Onwe na 1863 .&lt;ref name=&quot;afroamhistory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vox|first=Lisa|date=May 2, 2025|title=3 Major Ways Enslaved People Showed Resistance to a Life in Bondage|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/ways-slaves-showed-resistance-to-slavery-45401|accessdate=July 1, 2025|work=[[ThoughtCo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị gbapụrụ agbapụ ịgbagha na steeti nweere onwe ha, ma ọnọdụ anya site n'ebe ahụ gaa Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Cross|first=L.D.|title=The Underground Railroad: The long journey to freedom in Canada|location=Toronto, ON|publisher=James Lorimer Limited, Publishers|year=2010|isbn=978-1-55277-581-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'okpuru ala malitere n'ebe ịgba ohu. Ụzọ ndị ahụ gbasoro ụzọ njem okike na nke mmadụ mere - osimiri, ọwa mmiri, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, Atlantic Coast, ụgbọ mmiri na ịgafe osimiri, okporo ụzọ na ụzọ. Ebe ndị dị nso n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ókèala ndị nweere onwe ha na ókèala mba ụwa mere ka ọtụtụ ndị gbapụ. Ka nnyocha na-aga n'ihu, a na-achọpụta ụzọ ọhụrụ ma ga-anọchite anya ya na map.[https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/what-is-the-underground-railroad.htm]

Netwọk ahụ, nke bụ ọrụ nke ndị Africa America nweere onwe ha na ndị ohu, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=To Set the Captives Free. Reverend Jermain Wesley Loguen and the struggle for freedom in central New York 1835–1872|first=Carol|author=Hunter|date=December 20, 2013|edition=2nd|publisher=Hyrax Publishing|isbn=978-1494767983}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndị abolitionists na ndị ọzọ nwere ọmịiko maka ihe kpatara ndị gbapụrụ agbapụ nyere aka.  A na-akpọkwa ndị ohu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ijide ha na ndị nyeere ha aka dịka ndị njem na ndị nduzi nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|title=The Underground Railroad|accessdate=July 25, 2007|archivedate=June 22, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622122605/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche dugara Mexico, ebe e wepụrụ ịgba ohu, na nkọwa ndị dị na Caribbean na-azụ nke ahia ohu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-03-29/underground-railroad-took-slaves-freedom-mexico|author=Leanos|first=Reynaldo Jr.|title=This underground railroad took slaves to freedom in Mexico, PRI's The World, Public Radio International, March 29, 2017|publisher=Public Radio International|year=2017|accessdate=September 4, 2019|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018081421/https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-03-29/underground-railroad-took-slaves-freedom-mexico}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sheoh017_Jones_Leesa_transcript|title=Leesa Jones Interview Transcript, 2020-01-07 [SHE.OH.017]|year=2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụzọ mgbapụ mbụ na-aga n'ebe ndịda na Spanish_Florida&quot; id=&quot;mwVQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Spanish Florida&quot;&gt;Florida, mgbe ahụ bụ nke ndị Spain (ma e wezụga 1763-1783), dị site na ihe afụ nke 17 ruo ihe dị ka 1790.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jiODwWs22MG9qBGQ_ZI9U-6W3s9g?docId=b67287f0636841dfbad57fb14222cd97|title=For a century, Underground Railroad ran south|first=Bruce|author=Smith|date=March 18, 2012|accessdate=March 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fort Moses's Call To Freedom. Florida's Little-known Underground Railroad Was the Escape Route Taken by Slaves Who Fled to the State in the 1700s and Established America's First Black Town|date=February 14, 1993|first=Stuart|author=McIver|work=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|accessdate=February 10, 2018|url=https://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1993-02-14/features/9301090665_1_slaves-underground-railroad-francisco-menendez/2}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge [[Agha Obodo America]], ndị na-achọ onwe gbagara na Union lines na South iji akwụkwọ akwụkwọ onwe ha.  Otu akwụkwọ na-egosi na ka ọ na-erule 1850, ihe dị ka 100,000 ndị ohu agbapụla akwụkwọ onwe site na ngosi ahụ ahụ.. &lt;ref name=&quot;afroamhistory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vox|first=Lisa|date=May 2, 2025|title=3 Major Ways Enslaved People Showed Resistance to a Life in Bondage|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/ways-slaves-showed-resistance-to-slavery-45401|accessdate=July 1, 2025|work=[[ThoughtCo]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFVox2025&quot;&gt;Vox, Lisa (May 2, 2025). [https://www.thoughtco.com/ways-slaves-showed-resistance-to-slavery-45401 &quot;3 Major Ways Enslaved People Showed Resistance to a Life in Bondage&quot;]. ''[[ThoughtCo]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;July 1,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;Dị ka onye bụbu prọfesọ nke mkpagbu Pan-Africa J. Blaine Hudson, onye bụ dean nke College of Arts and Sciences na Mahadum Louisville, si kwuo, ka ọ na-erule ọchịchị Agha Obodo, 500,000 ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ndị Africa America nwere onwe ha ihe n'ohu na Underground Railroad .{{sfn|Hudson|2015|p=10}}

== Mmalite nke aha ahụ ==
Eric Foner dere na okwu ahụ &quot;ma Standard anya bụ nke mbụ akwụkwọ Washington ji mee ihe na 1839, na-ehota otu nwa ohu na-atụ anya ịgbanahụ ịbụ ohu site na ụzọ okporo ụzọ nke 'gafere n'okpuru ala ruo Boston'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Pettit|first=Eber M.|title=Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad|publisher=Chautauqua Region Press|year=1999|origyear=1879|location=Westfield, NY|url=https://archive.org/details/sketchesinhistor0000pett/page/130/mode/2up|isbn=0-9658955-3-X|ref=pettit1879}}, p. 131&lt;/ref&gt; {{sfn|Foner|2015|pp=6–9}} Dr. Robert Clemens Smedley dere na-esochi mkpuchi ndị na-ejide ohu na- isi na ihe nchọgharị nke ndị na-agba ọsọ ruo n'ebe ugwu dị ka Columbia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], ha 5 na-eme anya na &quot;a ga- ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ n'okpuru ala n'ebe ụfọdụ,&quot; na-enye nke okwu ahụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Smedley|first=Robert C.|title=History of the Underground Railroad in Chester and the neighboring counties of Pennsylvania|date=1883|publisher=[[Stackpole Books]]|isbn=978-0-8117-3189-8|edition=|location=Mechanicsburg, Pa|pages=34–35}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scott Shane dere na ojiji mbụ e dere ede nke okwu ahụ bụ n'otu edemede nke Thomas Smallwood dere na August 10, 1842, akwụkwọ nke Tocsin of Liberty, akwụkwọ akwụkwọ abolitionist , na Albany.  O dekwara na akwụkwọ 1879 Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad kwuru na a akwụkwọ ahụ ahụ aha n'otu akwụkwọ Washington nke 1839 nakwa na onye dere akwụkwọ kwuru afọ 40 ka e gosiri na o hotara akara ahụ site na dịka o nwere ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Shane|first=Scott|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/opinion/man-who-named-underground-railroad.html|title=How the Underground Railroad Got Its Name|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 11, 2023|accessdate=September 11, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Okwu ==
Ndị otu Underground Railroad na-ejikarị okwu ụfọdụ, dabere na ihe atụ nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Dịka ọmụmaatụ:
{{Div col}}
* People who helped fugitive slaves find the railroad were &quot;agents&quot;
* Guides were known as &quot;conductors&quot;
* Hiding places were &quot;stations&quot; or &quot;way stations&quot;
* &quot;Station masters&quot; hid escaping slaves in their homes
* People escaping slavery were referred to as &quot;passengers&quot; or &quot;cargo&quot;
* Fugitive slaves would obtain a &quot;ticket&quot;
* Similar to common [[gospel]] lore, the &quot;wheels would keep on turning&quot;
* Financial benefactors of the Railroad were known as &quot;stockholders&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Blight, David, 2004, p. 98&lt;/ref&gt;
* Promised Land – code word for Canada
* River Jordan – code word for Ohio River
* Heaven – code for freedom or Canada&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Phyllis |title=Signal Songs of the Underground Railroad |url=https://discoverytheater.org/forms/guides/2017/feb/Signal%20Songs%20of%20the%20Underground%20Railroad%20Learning%20Guide.pdf |website=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=14 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{colend|2}}
A mara Big Dipper (onye &quot;bowl&quot; ya na-ezo aka na North Star) dị ka drinkin' gourd.  A na-akpọ okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ ahụ &quot;ma ọ bụ ụgbọ oloko Oziọma&quot;, nke na-aga &quot;Eluigwe&quot; ma ọ dị &quot;Ala Nkwa&quot;, ya bụ, Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://freedomcenter.org/enabling-freedom/history|title=History – National Underground Railroad Freedom Center|work=Freedomcenter.org|accessdate=June 7, 2016|archivedate=August 17, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817144323/https://freedomcenter.org/enabling-freedom/history}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
[[Faịlụ:The_disappointed_abolitionists_LCCN2008661783.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|David Ruggles n'etiti ndị ikom abụọ na-eche John P. Darg ihu]]
Maka ndị ohu na-agba ọsọ na-agba ọsọ n'okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ n'okpuru ala, ọtụtụ n'ime ha weere Canada dị ka ebe ikpeazụ ha na-aga.  A na-eme ememe na 30,000 ruo 40,000 n'ime ha biri na Canada, ọkara n'ime ndị bịara n'etiti 1850 na 1860. Ndị ọzọ biri na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha n'ebe ugwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Henry|first=Natasha|date=January 31, 2020|title=Underground Railroad|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/underground-railroad#:~:text=An%2520estimated%252030%252C000%2520to%252040%252C000,reached%2520the%2520Province%2520of%2520Canada.|accessdate=2022-03-02|work=The Canadian Encyclopedia|archivedate=May 9, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509210944/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/underground-railroad#:~:text=An%2520estimated%252030%252C000%2520to%252040%252C000,reached%2520the%2520Province%2520of%2520Canada.}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dekọrọ ọtụtụ puku ikpe ụlọ ikpe maka ịgbapụ n'ohu ndị gbapụrụ agbapụ n'etiti Agha Mgbanwe na Agha Obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Schweninger|first=Loren|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UyBrDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA9|title=Appealing for Liberty: Freedom Suits in the South|year=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066429-9|accessdate=March 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru Fugitive Slave Act nke 1793, a chọrọ ka ndị ọrụ si na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha nyere ndị nwe ohu ma ọ bụ ndị nnọchi anya ha ndị jidere ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ aka, mana ụfọdụ ndị omeiwu steeti machibidoro nke a. Iwu ahụ mere ka ọ dịrị ndị nwe ohu na ndị na-ejide ohu mfe ijide ndị Africa America ma weghachite ha n'ohu, ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nyere ha ohere ịgba ohu ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha. O mekwara ka ndị abolitionists nwee ịnụ ọkụ n'obi iji nyere ndị ohu aka, na-akpata uto nke ndị na-emegide ịgba ohu na Underground Railroad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=C.W.A.|first=David|date=January 1984|title=The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 and its Antecedents|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2713433|journal=The Journal of Negro History|volume=9|pages=22–25|doi=10.2307/2713433|accessdate=March 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na ndị siri ike nke ndị agha ndị agha nke ndị mmadụ, Ndị Omeiwu mgbochi Nkwe ịhụnanya nke 1850 mgbe Agha Mexico na America nchebe.  Ɔ iwu ohu na-agba ọsọ siri ike;  n'ụzọ doro anya,, ahụ doziri nsogbu site n'ịmanye ndị ọrụ nke steeti ndị nweere onwe ha inyere ndị na-ejide ohu aka, na-enye ha akwụkwọ ozi onwe onye ọrụ na steeti nwere onwe ha.{{sfn|Potter|1976|pp=132–139}} N'ihi na iwu akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ole na ole iji kwuo na mmadụ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ, ndị na-ejide ohu ohu ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha, mkpọsa, ma ree ha ka ha bụrụ ndị ohu. Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndịda na-ekwukarị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ ma na-ebo ndị Northerners ebubo ịgbapụ ndị a na-etinye aka na ikike ihe onwunwe ndịda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gara|first=Larry|title=Underground Railroad|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu ahụ napụrụ ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị ohu ikike ịgbachitere onwe ha n'ụlọ ikpe, na-eme ka o sie ike igosi ọnọdụ nnwere onwe. Ụfọdụ steeti dị n'ebe ugwu akwụkwọ Iwu onwe onwe onwe mere ka ọ bụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị maka ndị ọrụ ejide ma ọ bụ ikike ndị bụbu ndị ohu.   Echiche ahụ bụ steeti steeti dị n'ebe ugwu leghaara iwu na iwu ndị ohu na-agba ọsọ anya bụ isi ihe mere e ji nye nkewa..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp|title=Avalon Project – Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union|work=Avalon.law.yale.edu|accessdate=June 7, 2016|archivedate=February 20, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220121942/https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụzọ na ụzọ mgbapụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves_crop.jpg|thumb|Ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe gbalaga n'obodo maroon nke Great Dismal Swamp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Underground Railroad|url=https://www.camdencountync.gov/departments/dismal-swamp-welcome-center/the-underground-railroad|work=Camden County, North Carolina Government|accessdate=13 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị n'okpuru ala gara n'ebe ugwu gaa na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha na Canada, gaa Caribbean, gaa na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ United States, na mpaghara India. Ụfọdụ ndị ohu na-agba ọsọ gara n'ebe ndịda Mexico maka nnwere onwe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Selected Routes of the Underground Railroad|url=https://www.nps.gov/npgallery/GetAsset/7075060c-593d-4a38-b7e0-719c2dd5f4b3|work=NPS|accessdate=21 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921163132/https://www.nps.gov/npgallery/GetAsset/7075060c-593d-4a38-b7e0-719c2dd5f4b3|archivedate=2024-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Hudson|2015}} Ọtụtụ ndị gbapụrụ n'oké osimiri, egwu Ona Judge, onye Onye isi ala George Washington mere ohu. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ele ụzọ mmiri nke South anya dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe ịgbapụ dịka isi iyi mmiri bụ ụzọ na-eduga na nnwere onwe. Na mgbakwunye, ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Underground Railroad chọtara mgbasa ozi ohu 200,000 na akwụkwọ akụkọ North America site n'etiti afọ 1700 ruo na njedebe nke Agha Obodo America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tabb|first=Kip|title=Symposium highlights enslaved people's escape by water|url=https://coastalreview.org/2022/05/symposium-highlights-enslaved-peoples-escape-by-water/|work=Coastal Review|date=May 26, 2022|accessdate=12 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe na Alabama zoro n'ụgbọ mmiri na-aga Mobile, Alabama na-enwe mmetụta n'etiti obodo ndị ojii nweere onwe ha, ma zoo n'ụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ na-ahapụ Alabama nke na-aga n'ebe ugwu n'ime egwu ndị nweere onwe na steeti ndị nweere.  N'afọ 1852, ndị omeiwu Alabama nyere iwu iji ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe na-agbapụ n'okiri mmiri. Iwu ahụ na-ata ndị nwe ohu na ndị isi ụgbọ mmiri ahụhụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha ekwe ka ndị ohu banye n'ụgbọ ahụ n'enweghị ikike. Ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe na Alabama mekwara ụgbọ mmiri iji gbapụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nordmann|first=Christopher|title=Fugitive Slave Laws and Freedom Seeking|url=https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/runaway-slaves/|work=Encyclopedia of Alabama|accessdate=15 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe gbapụrụ n'aka ndị ohu ha na Panama n'ụgbọ mmiri na-aga California site na ụzọ Panama. Ndị nwe ohu jiri ụzọ Panama ruo California. Na Panama ịgba ohu bụ iwu na-akwadoghị ma ndị Black Panamanians gbara ndị ohu si United States ume ịgbaga n'obodo Panama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Quest for Freedom Moves West 1848–1869|url=https://npshistory.com/brochures/ugrr/western-quest-for-freedom.pdf|work=NPS|accessdate=21 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe ụzọ ụzọ iji ịchụpụ ego ego nke Ndị na-ejide ohu site n'ịchọpụta nchọpụta ha.  Otu usoro bụ iji okwukwe nke ọkụ ọkụ, ụzọ, na mmanya na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha.  Na North Carolina, ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe na-etinye turpentine na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha iji akara ndị na-ejide ohu akwado ha, na Texas, ndị na'ịgba ọsọ na-eji ihe e ji ụgbụgbọ ọkụ mee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gattuso|first=Reina|title=A Historical Dig Sheds Light on the Food of the Underground Railroad|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-did-people-eat-on-underground-railroad|work=Atlas Obscura|date=October 14, 2020|accessdate=13 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọzọ na-agba ọsọ gbalaga n'ime ala ahịhịa iji sachaa ísì ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Underground Railroad|url=https://mrnussbaum.com/storage/uploads/activities/tubman/path.htm|work=mrnussbaum.com|accessdate=10 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị na-agbapụ na-eme n'abalị mgbe ndị na-apụ apụ nwere ike zoo n'okpuru ọchịchịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Stevens|first=Kathleen|title=William Still and the Underground Railroad|date=2008|publisher=Townsend Press|isbn=9781591944140|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljljDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=That%20night,%20under%20cover%20of%20darkness}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụzọ ọzọ ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe na-eji gbochie ijide bụ iburu akwụkwọ ikike efu. N'oge ịgba ohu, ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha gosipụtara ihe akaebe nke nnwere onwe ha site n'ibu paswọọdụ nke gosipụtara na ha nweere onwe ya. Ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha na ndị ohu mepụtara akwụkwọ ikike efu maka ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe ka ha na-agafe steeti ndị ohu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Biehl|first=Andre F.|title=Strategies for Escape: A Study of Fugitive Slave Ads (1770–1819)|url=https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/strategies-for-escape|work=Princeton and Slavery|publisher=Princeton University|accessdate=15 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Successfully Escaping Slavery on Maryland's Underground Railroad|url=https://www.visitmaryland.org/article/successfully-escaping-slavery-marylands-underground-railroad|work=Visit Maryland|accessdate=15 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ugwu gaa na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha na Canada ==
[[Faịlụ:Levi_coffin.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|220x220px|Quaker abolitionist Levi Coffin na nwunye ya Catherine nyeere ihe karịrị mmadụ 2,000 aka ịgba ohu ka ha gbapụ.]]
N'agbanyeghị aha okporo ụzọ ahụ, echere mgbapụ ahụ n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ ụzọ okporo ụzọ.  (Ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ mbụ dị n'okpuru ala ruo 1863.) Dị ka John Rankin si kwuo, &quot;Amụm ya otú ahụ n'ihi na ha ndị na-agafe na ya furu efu n'ihu ọha dị ka a ga-asisa na ha banye n'ala.  nwere ike oyiyi n'efu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The soldier, the battle, and the victory : being a brief account of the work of Rev. John Rankin in the anti-slavery cause|location=Cincinnati|publisher=Western Tract and Book Society|year=1870|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ASPC0002367700/page/n96 96]–97|url=https://archive.org/details/ASPC0002367700|first=Andrew|author=Ritchie}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya dị ka ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na-eji okwu dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ndị na-eji ya eme ihe.

Ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'okpuru ala enweghị isi ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ òtù na-achịkwa, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka, map, akwụkwọ mpịakọta, ma ọ bụkwa akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ọ gụnyere ebe nzukọ, ụzọ nzuzo, njem, na ụlọ nchekwa, ha niile bụ ndị abolitionist na-elekọta ma na-agwa site n'ọnụ, ọ bụ ezie na e nwekwara akụkọ nke koodu ọnụọgụ eji ezoro ezo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Grave of Old John Brown's Son. It Lies Above the San Gabriel Valley and Overlooks Pasadena. Owen and Jason Brown Lived in the Mountains and Were Guides to Tourists. Uncle James Townsend, a Venerable Quaker, Knew Them Both Well and Their Father|work=[[San Francisco Call]]|date=21 Jun 1896|page=24|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5369067/james-townsend-john-brown/|first=Mary E.|author=Wright|accessdate=September 24, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị dị na-hazi n'ozuzu ha n'ịgụ ndị dị obere, ndị nweere onwe ha;  nke a akụkụ aka idebe ihe.  Ndị na-agbapụ n'ohu ga-aga n'ebe ugwu n'okporo ụzọ site n'otu ọdụ gaa na nke ọzọ.  &quot;Ndị na-eduzi&quot; n'okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ ahụ si n'ụzọ dị iche ma ndị isi ojii a iche n'efu, ndị ọcha abolitionists, ndị bụbu ndị ohu (ma ọ bụ ndị gbapụrụ ma ọ bụ ndị a tọhapụrụ), na ụmụ amaala America..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/undergroundrailroad/|title=The Underground Railroad|date=November 16, 2011|work=National Geographic Society|accessdate=August 1, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikwere na ịgba ohu &quot;megidere omume nke metụtara&quot;, ndị isi na ndị ndu keere òkè, Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), Congregationalists, Wesleyan Methodists, na Reformed Presbyterians, yana alaka ndị na-egosi ịgba ohu nke ndị isi nke na nkewa n'okwukwe ahụ, dị ka Methodist Episcopal Church na Baptists..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=History of Salem Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan|date=1976|publisher=Salem Area Historical Society|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha dị oke mkpa; na-enweghị ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị enwe ohere maka ndị na-agba ọsọ n'ohu iji nweta nnwere onwe n'enweghị nsogbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Pinsker|first=Matthew|title=Vigilance in Pennsylvania: Underground Railroad Activities in the Keystone State, 1837–1861|year=2000|publisher=PHMC|location=Lancaster}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìgwè ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'okpuru ala rụrụ ọrụ n'òtù ndị a maara dị ka kọmitii nchebe.{{sfn|Foner|2015}}

Obodo ndị ojii nweere onwe ha na Indiana, Illinois, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, na New York nyeere ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe aka ịgbanahụ ịgba ohu. Chọọchị ndị isi ojii bụ ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị n'okpuru ala, obodo ndị isi ojii dị na North zoro ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe na chọọchị na ụlọ ha. Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Cheryl Janifer Laroche kọwara n'akwụkwọ ya, Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad The Geography of Resistance na: &quot;Ndị isi ojii, ndị ohu na ndị nweere onwe ha, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri dị n'etiti nke bụ Underground Railways. &quot; Laroche gara n'ihu kọwaa etu ụfọdụ ndị edemede si etinye aka na ndị ọcha na-emegide ịgba ohu dị ka isi ihe maka ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe na-agbapụ ma leghara ọrụ dị mkpa nke obodo ndị ojii nweere onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Laroche|first=Cheryl J.|title=Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad The Geography of Resistance|date=2013|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252095894|pages=1–3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7gPBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=free+blacks+underground+railroad}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, onye edemede Diane Miller na-ekwu, sị: &quot;N'ọdịnala, ndị ɔkɔ ọmụmụ ihe mere eme ụlọ ọrụ ndị Africa America anya n'ọchịchọ nke ha maka akwụkwọ onwe site n'igosi Underground Railroad dị ka ihe a haziri hazi site n'aka iche ndị ọcha, mgbe mgbe niile Quakers, nyere mere ndị mere ohu ohu' eme eji eme ihe nke Gara' na-enye mere ihe mere ndị ohu' eme eji eme nke Gara' na ọtụtụ ihe.  Underground Railway bụ omenala ọ bụghị ihe mere mere eme.  Omume nke ezigbo ndị isi ihe mere eme dị ka Harriet Tubman, Thomas Garrett, na Levi Coffin na-ekwubiga okwu ókè, a na-eto ndị abolitionists nke Northern bụ ndị duziri ndị ohu na Canada dị ka ndị dike nke Underground Railroad.  Akụkọ a na-agụsị isi na ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị ohu ojii nwere onwe ha, ma na-egosi na ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe ihuenyo nke ndị Northerners iji gbapụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Diane|title=The Underground Railroad in Bleeding Kansas|url=https://www.nps.gov/npgallery/GetAsset/5c8a5ce2-d40d-4a57-bbef-703aac0b479c|work=The National Park Service|accessdate=16 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304001224/https://www.nps.gov/npgallery/GetAsset/5c8a5ce2-d40d-4a57-bbef-703aac0b479c|archivedate=2025-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gara|first=Larry|title=The Liberty Line The Legend of the Underground Railroad|date=2013|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813143569|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WK48TBgPW-EC&amp;q=folklore}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
[[Faịlụ:Rail_Road_Suspension_Bridge_Near_Niagara_Falls_v2.jpg|thumb|Ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe gbapụrụ n'ohu wee rute Canada site na Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge.]]
Tal okporo dị n'okpuru ala ritere uru nke ukwuu site na ala nke ndị US-Canada: [[Michigan]], Ohio, Pennsylvania na ọtụtụ n'ime New York kewara na Canada site na mmirika, nke njem na-ịja mfe mfe ma dịtụ aka.  Ụzọ bụ ụzọ maka ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe si South duuru ndị Appalachian, Harriet Tubman na-aga site na Harpers Ferry, site na mpaghara Western Reserve nke na-egosi ohu nke ugwu egwuregwu Ohio ruo n'ikpere mmirika buru ibu nke Lake Erie, wee gaa Canada site na ụgbọ mmiri.  Azịza dị nta, na-agafe New York ma ọ bụ New England, ዜጋ Syracuse ( Samuel May) na Rochester, New York (Frederick Douglass), ngwaọrụ mgbasa Niagara ma ọ bụ Ọdọ Mmiri Ontario banye Canada.  Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1848, e wuru Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge - ọ ejigide Niagara ma ihe New York na Canada.  Ndị ohu na-agba ọsọ jiri àkwà mmiri ahụ gbapụ n'agbụ ha, Harriet Tubman jikwa àkwà ifufe ahụ buru ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Niagara River: Between Slavery and Freedom|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-niagara-river-between-slavery-and-freedom.htm|work=NPS|accessdate=21 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center|url=https://www.nps.gov/places/niagara-falls-underground-railroad-heritage-center.htm|work=NPS|accessdate=21 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-eme njem site na New York Adirondacks, mgbe ụfọdụ site na obodo ndị isi ojii dị ka Timbuctoo, New York, amaghị Canada site na Ogdensburg, na sere St. Lawrence, ma ọ bụ na Lake Champlain (Joshua Young nyere aka).  Ezi-ụka, nke John Brown na ndị ọzọ ji mee ihe, si na Missouri gaa n'ebe ike iji hapụ Kansas na n'ebe ugwu iji tọhapụ [[Áyowạ|Iowa]], mgbe ahụ n'Ụzọ Iyi site na Chicago gaa na sere Detroit.

Thomas Downing bụ nwoke ojii nweere onwe ya na New York ma na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ oriri na-eme Oyster dị ka ọkọ na Underground Railroad.  Ndị na-achọ onwe (ndị ohu na-agba ọsọ) na-agbapụ n'ohu ma na-achọ onwe ha zoro n'okpuru ala nke ụlọ oriri na mgba Downing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Downing's Oyster House|url=https://maap.columbia.edu/place/1.html|work=Mapping the African American Past|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=20 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ohu akwụkwọ na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe aka ịgbanahụ ịgba ohu.  Arnold Gragstone ozi ohu ma nyere ndị na-agba ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ site n'ịduzi ha ngwaọrụ Ohio maka akwụkwọ onwe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Blaisdell|first=Bob|title=Slave Narratives of the Underground Railroad|date=2014|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=9780486780610|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0g_dAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=civil%20war}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:William_Still_portrait.png|thumb|William Still bụ nwoke ojii nweere onwe ya na Philadelphia nke nyeere ọtụtụ narị ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe aka ịgbapụ n'ohu.]]
William N'agbanyeghị,  Ufodu a na-akpọ &quot;Nna nke iwu okporo n'okpuru ala&quot;, ọtụtụ ndị ohu aka ịgbapụ (ihe ruru 60 n'naọn), mgbe ụfọdụ na-ezo ha n'iche ya na Philadelphia. O jiri nlezianya dekọọ, gụnyere akụkọ ndụ dị mkpirikpi nke ndị mmadụ, nke nwere ihe atụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ugboro ugboro. Ya na ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi, na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka onye na-anọchite anya nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị gbapụrụ n'ohu na ndị hapụrụ. O mechara bipụta akụkọ ndị a n'akwụkwọ The Underground Railroad: Authentic Narratives and First-Hand Accounts (1872), ihe bara uru maka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme iji ghọta otú usoro ahụ si arụ ọrụ ma mụta banyere ọgụgụ isi nke onye ọ bụla na mgbapụ.

Dị ka Still si kwuo, a na-edekarị ozi ka ọ bụ naanị ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụkọ okporo nwere ikike ike ha.  apeere, ozi na-esonụ, &quot;Ezigara m nnukwu anụ anọ na obere anụ abụọ n'elekere abụọ&quot;, na e nwee ndị okenye na-egosi abụọ site na Harrisburg gaa Philadelphia.  Okwu ọzọ site na ndị njem na e zighị &quot;ndị njem&quot; na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ, kama site na Reading, Pennsylvania.  N'okwu a, a ghọgburu ndịiche ka ha gaa n'ebe a na-ama (ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ) na mgbochi ndị na-agba ọsọ, ebe Still zutere ha na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ ziri ezi ma duzie ha n'ebe nchekwa.  Ha mechara gbapụ ma ọ bụ gaa n'ebe ugwu ma ọ bụ Canada, ebe e wepụrụ ịgba ohu n'afọ 1830. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Still|first=William|title=The Underground Railroad: Authentic Narratives and First-Hand Accounts|date=1872|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/21243533-the-underground-railroad?from_search=true&amp;search_version=service_impr|accessdate=July 25, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Desperate_Conflict_in_a_Barn.png|thumb|280x280px|''Ịgba mbọ maka nnwere onwe n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na Maryland''. Ihe osise osisi sitere na William Still's The Underground Rail Road, p. 50.]]
Iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ịbanye, ọtụtụ ndị metụtara Underground Railroad maara naanị akụkụ ha nke ọrụ ahụ ọ bụghị atụmatụ ahụ dum. &quot;Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala&quot; duuru ma ọ bụ buru &quot;ndị njem&quot; site na ọdụ gaa na ọdụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, onye na-eduzi ihe na-eme ka a bụrụ ohu iji banye n'ubi. Ozugbo ọ bụ akụkụ nke ubi, onye nduzi ga-eduzi ndị na-agba ọsọ gaa n'ebe ugwu. Ndị ohu na-eme njem n'abalị, ihe dị ka  10-20 (16-32) gaa na ọdụ ọ bụla. Ha zuru ike, mgbe ahụ, e zigara ozi na ọdụ ọzọ iji mee ka onye isi ọdụ mara na ndị na-agba ọsọ nọ n'ụzọ. Ha ga-akwụsị na ihe a na-akpọ &quot;ọdụ ụgbọ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;ebe nchekwa&quot; n'ehihie ma zuo ike. A na-anọkarị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'okpuru ala, ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, ụlọ ụka, ma ọ bụ n'ebe zoro ezo n'ọgba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cedarville University|date=February 12, 2018|title=Underground Railroad Hiding Places|url=https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/wyland_collection/85|journal=Slideshow Images|accessdate=February 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1930s|title=Point of interest at Oakland City – site of barn of Col. James W. Cockrum used as an underground railroad station|url=https://visions.indstate.edu:8888/cdm/singleitem/collection/isulib/id/7638/rec/3|accessdate=February 27, 2021|work=Wabash Valley Visions &amp; Voices Digital Memory Project|archivedate=April 15, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024158/https://visions.indstate.edu:8888/cdm/singleitem/collection/isulib/id/7638/rec/3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 15, 2017|title=The Underground Railroad|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog/underground-railroad|accessdate=February 28, 2021|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en|archivedate=March 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310182912/https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog/underground-railroad}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Smith Underground Railroad Station :: Ohio :: Henry Robert Burke :: Lest We Forget|url=https://lestweforget.hamptonu.edu/page.cfm?uuid=9FEC4E64-D74A-B3E9-A15B5ED01281AC79|accessdate=February 28, 2021|work=lestweforget.hamptonu.edu|archivedate=April 15, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024543/https://lestweforget.hamptonu.edu/page.cfm?uuid=9FEC4E64-D74A-B3E9-A15B5ED01281AC79}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-enye ebe izu ike ebe ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ onwe nwere ike ihi Ụra ma rie nri aha koodu &quot;ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri&quot; na &quot;ihe nkwakọba ihe&quot;, nke &quot;ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ&quot; nwere.  &quot;Ndị nwe ụlọ&quot; nyere ego ma ọ bụ ihe ịfụ maka isi.  N'iji ihe odide Bible, ndị na-agba ọsọ zoro aka na Canada dị ka &quot;Ala Nkwa&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Eluigwe&quot; na steeti Ohio, nke eji ụkwụ dị n'etiti steeti steeti ohu na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha, dị ka &quot;River Jordan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Underground Railroad Codes|url=https://www.safepassageohio.org/resources/weblesson.pdf|work=Myths and Codes of the Underground Railroad|publisher=Greater Cincinnati Television Educational Foundation|accessdate=June 29, 2013|archivedate=June 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135935/https://www.safepassageohio.org/resources/weblesson.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ njem ==
[[Faịlụ:4271695318-marymeachum.jpg|thumb|Mary Meachum bụ onye ọrụ Underground Railroad na St. Louis, Missouri]]
Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe na-eji ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè eme njem mgbe ụfọdụ,  ha na- ụkwụ ma ọ bụbụ na-agagharị, mgbe ụfọdụ na-edina ala, ọzọ ya na hay ma ọ bụ ike ndị yiri ya, n'ìgwè nke otu onye ruo atọ.  Ìgwè ụfọdụ buru ibu nke ukwuu.  Onye abolitionist Charles Turner Torrey na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na- feeding ụgbọ ala ma na-ahụ ihe ruru mmadụ 15 ma ọ bụ 20 n'otu oge..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Torrey|first=E. Fuller|authorlink=E. Fuller Torrey|title=The Martyrdom of Abolitionist Charles Torrey|year=2013|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|location=Baton Rouge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha na ndị ohu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri (ndị na-akụ ụgbọ mmiri) nyeere ndị ohu aka ịgbanahụ ịgba ohu site n'inye njem n'ụgbọ mmiri ha, na-enye ozi gbasara ụzọ mgbapụ kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma, na ebe dị nchebe n'ala, na ebe ndị a tụkwasịrị obi maka enyemaka. Ndị Africa-America na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ozi gbasara nnupụisi ndị ohu na-eme na Caribbean, ma zigara ndị ohu ha na ha nwere na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri America akụkọ a. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri Africa-America nwere onwe ha na ndị ohu nyeere [[Harriet Tubman]] aka n'ọrụ nnapụta ya. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri ojii nyere ya ozi gbasara ụzọ mgbapụ kachasị mma ma nyere ya aka n'ọrụ nnapụta ya. Na New Bedford, Massachusetts, ndị na-achọ nnwere onwe zoro n'ụgbọ mmiri na-apụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọrụ ojii na ndị ọcha ma zoo n'ụmụ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge njem ha na-aga nnwere onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Underground Railroad: New Bedford Massachusetts|url=https://npshistory.com/publications/nebe/brochures/underground-railroad2.pdf|work=The National Park Service|accessdate=13 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Dmitry Itskov</title>
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'''Dmitry Itskov'''  (Russian: Дмитрий Ицков; amụrụ 1980 [1]) bụ onye ọchụnta ego Russia, billionaire na onye nchoputa nke New Media Stars, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi webụsaịtị, yana 2045 Initiative.  O meela £1bn sitere na ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akụkọ akụkọ nke dị na Moscow..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Telegraph|date=13 March 2016|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/03/13/media-mogul-dmitry-itskov-plans-to-live-forever-by-uploading-his/|accessdate=10 January 2017|author=Palmer|first=Kate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na Bryansk. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-08-17|title=Дмитрий Ицков: «Я – скромный продюсер бессмертия!»|url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/26120/3014135/|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=Комсомольская Правда|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Segal|first=David|date=2013-06-01|title=This Man Is Not a Cyborg. Yet.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/business/dmitry-itskov-and-the-avatar-quest.html|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSegal2013&quot;&gt;Segal, David (2013-06-01). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/business/dmitry-itskov-and-the-avatar-quest.html &quot;This Man Is Not a Cyborg. Yet&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-03-23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya na osote onye isi ala Duma Konstantin Rykov, o tinyere aka na mgbasa ozi PR buru ibu maka United Russia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-06-17|title=&quot;Олигархи жаждут телесного бессмертия и ищут чудо-таблетку&quot;|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2213368|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=www.kommersant.ru|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2005, o mepụtara New Media Stars na Moscow.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2011, o guzobere 2045 Initiative, nke na-ezube inweta anwụghị anwụ nke cybernetic site na 2045. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Alserver|first=Jennifer|title=5 billionaires who want to live forever|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/magazines/fortune/2013/04/04/live-forever.fortune/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2025-10-22|archivedate=2014-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131151/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/magazines/fortune/2013/04/04/live-forever.fortune/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2012, Itskov zigara ndị kasị baa ọgaranya n'ụwa akwụkwọ ozi sitere na ndepụta Forbes na arịrịọ ka ha sonyere ndị agha na mmepe nke teknụzụ ga-agbatị ndụ mmadụ ma mee ka ọ ghara ịnwụ anwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Русский робототехник попросил у миллиардеров денег на рецепт бессмертия - CNews|url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/russkij_robototehnik_poprosil_u_milliarderov|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=CNews.ru|language=ru}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/russkij_robototehnik_poprosil_u_milliarderov &quot;Русский робототехник попросил у миллиардеров денег на рецепт бессмертия - CNews&quot;]. ''CNews.ru'' (in Russian)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-03-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2012, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya gosipụtara robot humanoid (ụdị nke ya) na mmalite mmalite nke mmepe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Na June 15 na 16, 2013, e mere nzukọ Global Future 2045 na New York City. Global Future 2045 bụ nke Itskov guzobere, nzukọ mbụ ya bụ na Moscow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pinchefsky|first=Carol|title=Dmitry Itskov Wants To Live Forever. (He Wants You To Live Forever, Too.)|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolpinchefsky/2013/06/18/dmitry-itskov-wants-to-live-forever-he-wants-you-to-live-forever-too/|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Itskov kwuru, na akwụkwọ akụkọ BBC Horizon TV nke 2016, na &quot;ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị nke atụmatụ [ya] bụ ịnyefe ụdị mmadụ n'ime ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/03/13/media-mogul-dmitry-itskov-plans-to-live-forever-by-uploading-his/|title=Media mogul Dmitry Itskov plans to live forever by uploading his personality to a robot|work=The Telegraph|date=13 March 2016|author=Palmer|first=Kate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ==

* Otuto sitere n'aka Onye isi ala nke Russian Federation (December 16, 2009) - maka itinye aka na ịmepụta ihe ngosi ịntanetị &quot;War 08.08.08. The Art of betrayal&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Распоряжение Президента Российской Федерации от 16.12.2009 г. № 858-рп|url=http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/30303|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=Президент России|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nna ya Ilya Itskov duziri ihe nkiri egwu na nne ya bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Trans-humanism
* Nbudata uche

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Itskov, Dmitry}}
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị ya
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |[[Chancellor (education)|Onye isi ala]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Prọfesọ Andrew Haruna, FNAL, FLAN, FCPA, FSPMDP
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Vice-Chancellor|Onye isi ala]]&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Prọfesọ Haruna Kuje Ayuba
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |N'ihe gbasara ya. 100 (5:1 ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Ụmụ akwụkwọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |500-999 (atụle 2024) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Adreesị
| class=&quot;infobox-data adr&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;street-address&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Km 26 Abuja-Keffi Expressway, Kodape&lt;/div&gt;, &lt;div class=&quot;locality&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]]&lt;/div&gt;, Nasarawa State, Nigeria8°50′59′′N 7°39′09′′E / 8.8497°N 7.6525°E / 8.9497; 7.6525&lt;br /&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bingham_University&amp;params=8.8497_N_7.6525_E_ &lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;8°50′59″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;7°39′09″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;8.8497°N 7.6525°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;8.8497; 7.6525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Ogige
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Urban area|Obodo]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng www.binghamuni.edu.ng]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;mapframe zoom=&quot;13&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; frameless=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; width=&quot;270&quot;&gt;[
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|}
'''Mahadum Bingham''' bụ mahadum onwe onye dị na Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, nke dị kilomita 26 site na [[Abuja]], isi obodo mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ nke National Universities Commission (NUC) hiwere na 2005, ọ malitere nkuzi na 2006 ma too ruo n'ókè nke inye mmemme dị iche iche maka ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba mmụta iri na abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniRank&quot; /&gt;

Ogige mahadum na-adịgide adịgide, nke e bi kemgbe 3 Machị 2008, dị na New Karu, yana ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ya na [[Jos]], Plateau State. Site na ọnụ ọgụgụ a họọrọ ịbanye (50-59%) na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ nke 5:1, Bingham agụsịwo ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 7,000 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, na-ekwusi ike na agụmakwụkwọ dị mma na nkà bara uru.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniRank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unirank.org/universities/ng/bingham-university/|title=Bingham University Ranking &amp; Overview|work=uniRank|date=2024-08-28|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unirank.org/universities/ng/bingham-university/ &quot;Bingham University Ranking &amp; Overview&quot;]. ''uniRank''. 28 August 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamMission&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E guzobere Mahadum Bingham na 5 Jenụwarị 2005 mgbe ọ natara akwụkwọ ikike NUC ya, na atụmatụ malitere na 2003 iji dozie mkpa Naịjirịa maka agụmakwụkwọ onwe onye dị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamMission&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/about|title=Mission for Service|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/about &quot;Mission for Service&quot;]. ''Bingham University''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu malitere na 2006, mahadum ahụ kwagara na ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na-adịgide adịgide na New Karu na 3 Machị 2008. 

N'afọ 2024, ọ nwetara asambodo GFGP Gold Tier site na Global Grant Community na African Academy of Sciences maka nyocha dị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/|title=Home|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/ &quot;Home&quot;]. ''Bingham University''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama na nso nso a gụnyere mmemme Master of Public Health (MPH) na Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) na mmemme ọhụrụ dị ka B.Sc. Nchịkwa Nchịkọta Ngwongwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamCourses&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe omume agụmakwụkwọ ==
Mahadum Bingham na-enye mmemme undergraduate na postgraduate gafee ngalaba iri na abụọ, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ 5:1 kwadoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniversityCompass&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://universitycompass.com/universities/bingham-university.php|title=Bingham University: Courses &amp; Admission Info|work=University Compass|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; NUC na ndị ọkachamara dị ka Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria kwadoro mmemme.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamCourses&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/programmes|title=Academic Programmes|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/programmes &quot;Academic Programmes&quot;]. ''Bingham University''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru ebe a bụ nchịkọta nke ikike na mmemme:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nkụzi
!Ihe omume agụmakwụkwọ
!Ihe omume ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ
|-
|Ngalaba sayensị ahụike
|MBBS Medicine, B.Sc. Nọọsụ, B.Sc. Radiography
|M.Sc. Ahụike ọha, Ph.D. Anatomy
|-
|Ngalaba nke Allied Health Sciences
|B.Sc. Anatomy, B.Sc. Physiology, B.Sc. Sayensị nke ụlọ nyocha ahụike
|M.Sc. Physiology, Ph.D. Microbiology
|-
|Ngalaba sayensị ọgwụ
|B.Farm. Ụlọ ọgwụ, B.Sc. Ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ
|M.Sc. Microbiology ọgwụ
|-
|Ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ
|B.Sc. Computer Science, B.Sc. Cyber Security, B.Sc. Physics
|M.Sc. Environmental Chemistry, Ph.D. Biochemistry
|-
|Ngalaba Iwu
|LL. B. Bachelor nke Iwu
|Enweghị
|-
|Ngalaba sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi
|B.Sc. Ihe owuwu, B.Sc. Nnyocha Ọnụ ọgụgụ, B.Sc. Nchịkwa ala
|M.Sc. Ihe owuwu
|-
|Ngalaba nka
|B.A. Bekee, B.A., Philosophy, B.А. Religious Studies
|M.Sc. English &amp; Literary Studies, Ph.D. English
|-
|Ngalaba sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya
|B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, B.Sc. Mgbasa Ozi
|M.Sc. Mass Communication, Ph.D. Economics
|-
|Ngalaba Nchịkwa
|B.Sc. Accounting, B.Sc. Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa
|M.Sc. Accounting, Ph.D. Business Administration
|-
|Ngalaba Mmụta
|B.Sc. Ntuziaka na ndụmọdụ, B.Sc. Nkà na ụbụrụ
|Enweghị
|-
|Ngalaba nke nkwurịta okwu
|B.Sc. Mgbasa Ozi
|M.Sc. Mgbasa Ozi
|-
|Ngalaba nke Ọchụnta ego
|B.Sc. Ọchụnta ego, B.Sc. Nchịkwa Usoro Nkwado
|Enweghị
|}
Ihe omume ọhụrụ e webatara na 2024 gụnyere B.Sc. Nchịkwa Ịzụta na B.Sc. Supply Chain Management, na-egosipụta ilekwasị anya na ọchụnta ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamCourses&quot;/&gt; Ntinye postgraduate chọrọ akara ugo mmụta nke abụọ (Lower Division) ma ọ bụ diplọma postgraduate na CGPA nke 3.00. &lt;ref name=&quot;Postgrad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pgadmission.binghamuni.edu.ng/|title=School of Postgraduate Studies|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025|archivedate=10 August 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810164615/http://pgadmission.binghamuni.edu.ng/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Campus na ụlọ ọrụ ==
Isi ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na New Karu, Nasarawa State, dị n'akụkụ Abuja-Keffi Expressway n'ime obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot;/&gt; Ihe ndị dị mkpa gụnyere ọbá akwụkwọ, ebe egwuregwu, ụlọ nkuzi, na ebe obibi n'ime kampos maka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile, nke iwu obibi chọrọ ikike ịpụ apụ na-akwado.&lt;ref name=&quot;NigerianScholars&quot; /&gt; Map ebe na-egosi ịdị nso ya na Abuja:

=== Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Mahadum Bingham ===
{{Infobox hospital|name=Bingham University Teaching Hospital|image=|image_alt=|caption=Bingham University Teaching Hospital in Jos, Plateau State|coordinates={{coord|9.9324|N|8.8776|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}|location=Jos|state=Plateau State|country=Nigeria|healthcare=Private|type=Teaching|affiliation=Bingham University|beds=400|speciality=Multi-specialty|emergency=Yes|opened=1959|website={{URL|https://www.bhuth.org.ng}}}}Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), nke bụbu Evangel Hospital, e guzobere na 1959 na Jos, Plateau State.&lt;ref name=&quot;HotelsNG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hotels.ng/places/hospital/1234-bingham-university-teaching-hospital|title=Bingham University Teaching Hospital|work=Hotels.ng|date=2017-05-02|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe a na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere ihe ndina 400, ọ na-akwado ọzụzụ ahụike na nyocha maka ngalaba sayensị ahụike, na-enye ọrụ pụrụ iche dịka ENT, ịwa ahụ, ụmụaka, ọrụ ịmụ nwa na ụmụ nwanyị, ọgwụgwọ anya, ịwa ahụ vesicovaginal fistula (VVF), na nlekọta HIV site na ọgwụgwọ antiretroviral.&lt;ref name=&quot;BUTH&quot; /&gt; BUTH na-azụ ndị ọrụ ahụike na ndị dọkịta bi na ya, na-eje ozi dị ka ebe nlekọta ahụike mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;BUTH&quot; /&gt;

== Nnyocha na mmekorita ==
Mahadum Bingham emeela ka profaịlụ nyocha ya sie ike, nweta asambodo GFGP Gold Tier na 2024 site na Global Grant Community na African Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot;/&gt; Ngalaba nke Clinical Sciences kwadoro 2nd Scientific MBBS Poster Presentation na 2024, na-eme ka nnyocha ụmụ akwụkwọ pụta ìhè.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot; /&gt; Nkwekọrịta 2024 na Kansụl Naịjirịa (NPC) mere ka ọzụzụ mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma maka ngalaba mgbasa ozi. &lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot; /&gt; Mahadum ahụ na-emepe mmemme Master of Public Health (MPH) na Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), nke a ga-amalite na 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamHome&quot; /&gt; Ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ambassador Bulus Lolo Centre rụkọtara ọrụ maka nzukọ Mock African Union Summit na 2024, na-akwalite nkà ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Facebook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BinghamUniversity/|title=Bingham University|work=Facebook|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkwa ==
Ndị ndu mahadum ahụ gụnyere:

- Onye isi ala: Prọfesọ Andrew Haruna, FNAL, FLAN, FCPA, FSPMDP

- Onye isi oche: Prọfesọ Haruna Kuje Ayuba (onye a họpụtara na 2023) &lt;ref name=&quot;DailyTrust&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailytrust.com/bingham-varsity-appoints-prof-ayuba-as-vice-chancellor/|title=Bingham Varsity Appoints Prof Ayuba as Vice Chancellor|work=Daily Trust|date=2023-12-16|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

- Onye bụbu osote onye isi ala: Prọfesọ A.T. Gana (nwụrụ anwụ, VC mbụ) 

- Onye isi ala: Prọfesọ Gwamna Dogara Far

- Onye na-edebanye aha: Maazị Daburi Bello Misal&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamAdmission&quot; /&gt;

Mahadum ahụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ NUC, na-ahụ maka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniRank&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ==
Mahadum Bingham na-enwe ebe a na-adọ aka ná ntị nke nwere ikike obibi na akwụkwọ ikike ịpụ maka ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NigerianScholars&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school/bingham-university/courses/|title=List of Courses Offered at Bingham University|work=Nigerian Scholars|date=2020-05-30|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://nigerianscholars.com/school/bingham-university/courses/ &quot;List of Courses Offered at Bingham University&quot;]. ''Nigerian Scholars''. 30 May 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe owuwu gụnyere ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ egwuregwu, na òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ, na-akwalite itinye aka na obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;UniRank&quot;/&gt; Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-aja mma maka agụmakwụkwọ siri ike mana ha detuo ihe ịma aka nke akụrụngwa, dị ka ọnọdụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;EDUopinions&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.eduopinions.com/universities/universities-in-nigeria/bingham-university/|title=Bingham University Reviews|work=EDUopinions|date=2022-07-28|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro nnabata 2024/2025, meghere na 2 Septemba 2024, chọrọ akara UTME nke 150 na ise O'Level credits, gụnyere Mathematics na Bekee.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamAdmission&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/admission|title=Admission Guidelines|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/admission &quot;Admission Guidelines&quot;]. ''Bingham University''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ a ma ama ==
Ọ bụ ezie na data ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-ejedebe, Mahadum Bingham emepụtala ndị ọkachamara na ọgwụ, iwu, na teknụzụ, na-enye aka na ndị ọrụ Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BinghamMission&quot;/&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere ndị dọkịta a zụrụ na BUTH na ndị ọchụnta ego si na Faculty of Entrepreneurship.&lt;ref name=&quot;BUTH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhuth.org.ng/|title=Home - Bingham University Teaching Hospital|work=BUTH|accessdate=6 August 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bhuth.org.ng/ &quot;Home - Bingham University Teaching Hospital&quot;]. ''BUTH''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 August&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke mahadum na Naịjirịa
* [[Education in Nasarawa State|Agụmakwụkwọ na steeti Nasarawa]]
* Mahadum onwe onye na Naịjirịa

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Bryn Fôn</title>
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'''Bryn Fôn''' (amụrụ na 27 Ọgọst 1954) bụ onye Wales na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-agụ ma na-ede egwu. Ọ ghọkwara onye omenkà mbụ gụrụ egwu n'onwe ya na BBC Radio Cymru na 1977. 

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Bryn Fôn na Llanllyfni, Caernarfonshire .  Ọ gara akwụkwọ na Ysgol Gynradd Llanllyfni yana Ysgol Dyffryn Nantlle tupu ọ gaa n'ihu ịmụ Mmega ahụ na ọmụmụ [[Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi|gburugburu ebe obibi]] na kọleji. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ịme ndị mmadụ obi añụrị site na isonye na opera Dic Penderyn na 1977. O guzobere òtù egwu Crysbas mgbe ọ hapụsịrị kọleji, na Sobin a'r Smaeliaid na 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;cyfweliad&quot; /&gt; A họpụtara ya dị ka onye ''hunk nke ọnwa'' n'akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi &quot;She&quot; n'afọ ndị 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;cyfweliad&quot; /&gt;

Ọ malitere ịna-ewepụta abọm ya na ndị òtù ya n'aha nke ya na 1994. Ya na ndị òtù ya mechara mee ngosi n'okpuru aha Bryn Fôn a'r Band, na-ewepụta egwu n'okpuru akara nke ha laBelaBel. O meriri asọmpi egwu Cân i Gymru na 1997, ya na Un Funud Fach .

N'ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị, Fôn lekwasịrị anya n'ịpụta n'elu ikpo okwu ma gbanwee egwuregwu Blackbird maka mmepụta nke Theatr Bara Caws nke o so mee na 2010. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ya na ndị òtù egwu nke ya na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ egwu kwa afọ na Wales niile, ọkachasị Royal Welsh Show na National Eisteddfod nke Wales.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Mkpọsa nke ịgba ọtụtụ ihe ọkụ nke e jikọrọ ya na usoro asụsụ Welsh malitere na Disemba 1979, nke gụnyere ịgba ụlọ ezumike ndị Bekee ọkụ na Wales. Fôn dere abụ na-eme ka mgbalị ndị uwe ojii na-enweghị isi ijide ndị kpatara ya dị ike ntà. N'afọ 1990, ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta gara n'ụlọ ya ma jichie ya na onye mmekọ ya, Anna, mgbe ha chọpụtara ngwugwu zoro na mgbidi n'ala ụlọ ya. E jidere ya n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị na Dolgellau ruo awa iri anọ na asatọ tupu a tọhapụ ya n'eboghị ya ebubo. C'mon Midffild! ya na ya so eme égwu, Mei Jones, ka e jidere n'otu oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=25 years later... why have we still not caught the cottage burners?|url=http://icnorthwales.icnetwork.co.uk/news/regionalnews/tm_objectid%3D14960171&amp;method%3Dfull&amp;siteid%3D50142&amp;headline%3D25-years-later----why-have-we-still-not-caught-the-cottage-burners--name_page.html|accessdate=12 September 2022|work=Daily Post / icNorthWales|date=9 Dec 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị 2011, a mara ọkwa na Bryn Fôn bụ otu n'ime otu narị mmadụ jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ Ikike TV ha dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg megide atụmatụ ibelata mmefu ego nke ụlọ ọrụ TV Welsh, S4C, na atụmatụ ịnyefe ikike nke ọwa ahụ na BBC.

Fôn na-arụkwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkwado nke asụsụ Welsh, ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado Nnwere onwe Welsh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-27|title=AUOB Cymru say independence march will go ahead despite Wrexham Council opposition|url=https://nation.cymru/news/auob-cymru-say-independence-march-will-go-ahead-despite-wrexham-council-opposition/|accessdate=2022-09-01|work=Nation.Cymru|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Bryn_Fon_gan_Dogfael.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Bryn Fôn na ngagharị iwe Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg. Ihe edere na ihe ngosi o ji, bụ: &quot;Nọgide na-enwe ụlọ akwụkwọ na obodo nta anyị na-asụ asụsụ Welsh&quot;.]]
Fôn a lụọla nwanyị ma nwee ụmụ abụọ.

== Nkọwapụta Égwú ==

=== Abọm ya Gasị ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
!Ìgwè
!Aha ya
!Afọ
!Akara ndekọ
|-
|''Crysbas''
|''Draenog Marw / Y Nhw (Wil Bach) ''
|1978
|Saint
|+
|''Crysbas''
|''Ond ... Mae 'Di Bwrw''
|1979
|Saint
|+
|''Sobin a'r Smaepretis''
|''Ta-ta Botha''
|1989
|Saint
|+
|''Sobin a'r Smaepretis''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Sobin a'r Smaewn - 1''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1990
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Saint
|+
|''Sobin a'r Smaepretis''
|''Caib''
|1991
|Saint
|+
|''Sobin a'r Smaepretis''
|''Rhaw''
|1992
|Saint
|+
|''Bryn Fôn''
|''Dyddiau Di-gymar''
|1994
|Ihe Ndị A Na-akpata Obi Ụtọ
|+
|''Bryn Fôn''
|''Dawnsio ar na Dibyn''
|1998
|Ihe Ndị A Na-akpata Obi Ụtọ
|+
|''Bryn Fôn''
|''Caneuon Tecwyn na Tractor''
|2004
|Saint
|+
|''Bryn Fôn a'r Band''
|''Abacus''
|2004
|laBelaBel
|+
|''Sobin a'r Smaepretis''
|''Goreuon Sobin''
|2005
|Saint
|+
|''Bryn Fôn a'r Band''
|''CAM''
|2005
|laBelaBel
|+
|''Bryn Fôn a'r Band''
|''Ịkụ aka''
|2008
|laBelaBel
|+
|''Bryn Fôn a'r Band''
|''Na Goreuon 1994-2005''
|2009
|Saint
|+
|''Bryn Fôn a'r Band''
|''Ynys''
|2014
|laBelaBel
|}

== Ime Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe ngosi
!Ọrụ
!Ihe odide
|-
|1979
|''Mkpụrụ ọka bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ''
|Robbart
|
|-
|1982
|''Na Gosb''
|
|
|-
|1986
|''Siwan''
|William nke Braose
|E gosipụtara ya na 27 Disemba 1986
|-
|1988
|''Lliwiau''
|Rheinallt Vaughan
|
|-
|1988–1994, 2004
|''Ọ bụ Midffîld m!''
|Tecwyn Parri
|
|-
|1989
|''Akpụkpọ ahụ''
|Maazị Morrison
|Usoro nke 2
|-
|1990
|''Ụbọ akwara''
|Onye na-asọ mpi
|Onye mmeri
|-
|1990
|''Mwy Na Phapur Newydd''
|
|
|-
|1990
|''O.M.''
|Owen Morgan Edwards
|
|-
|1991
|''Oge N'èzí''
|Manawydan
|
|-
|1991
|''A na-eweta ya Cyffion''
|Ifan Gruffydd
|
|-
|1994
|''Dwylo''
|
|
|-
|1994–1997
|''Pengelli''
|Gwyn Lloyd
|Usoro 1-4
|-
|1997
|''Ụbọ akwara''
|Onye na-asọ mpi
|Onye mmeri
|-
|1999–2005
|''Talcen Caled''
|Ndị Hughes
|5 usoro; 34 episodes
|-
|2000
|''Mezion Glandŵr''
|
|
|-
|2001
|''Na Stafell Ddirgel''
|Huw Morris
|
|-
|2001–2002
|''Uche Ịchụ Egwu''
|DC Meic Challis
|Usoro 3-4; ọ pụtakwara na mbipụta Welsh ''Yr Heliwr'' .
|-
|2002
|''Eldra''
|William
|
|-
|2007–2008
|''Tipyn ma ọ bụ Stad''
|Ed Lovell
|Usoro oge niile; usoro 6-7
|-
|2008–2010
|''Ista'nbwl''
|
|
|-
|2013–2015
|''Gwaith/Cartref''
|Brynmor Davies
|Usoro 3-5
|-
|2016–2017
|''Anita''
|Bedwyr
|Usoro 2
|-
|2017–2018
|''Pobol na Cwm''
|Dr. Elgan Pritchard
|Usoro a na-eme mgbe niile
|-
|2018
|''Bryn Fôn nwere PTSD''
|Onye na-eme ihe ngosi
|
|-
|2019
|''Ihe zoro ezo''
|Hefin Mathews
|Usoro nke 2; gosipụtakwara na nsụgharị Welsh Craith .
|-
|2021
|''Bryn Fôn: Tortis am Feibion Glyndŵr''
|Onye na-eme ihe ngosi
|Otu ugboro pụrụ iche
|-
|2022
|''Ọchịchị''
|Ed Lovell
|Gbanwee na Tipyn o Stad''Tipyn ma ọ bụ Stad''
|}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250523051440/https://labelabel.co.uk/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ laBelaBel]
{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>ib6yymg5mqx6fe2pdp5fbba1471ycq1</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Asụsụ Bijago</title>
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        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
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      <text bytes="2850" sha1="npekcqlxh41hx52zvn6tikdojrophcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Language|name=Bidyogo|states=[[Guinea-Bissau]]|region=Offshore [[Bissagos Islands]]|speakers=36,000|date=2022|ref=e26|script=[[Latin alphabet|Latin]]|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Atlantic languages|Atlantic]]|fam4=[[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]]|fam5=[[Bak languages|Bak]]|iso3=bjg|notice=IPA}}

Asụsụ Bijago ma ọ bụ Bidyogo bụ asụsụ Bissago Archipelago nke Guinea-Bissau. Bidyogo bụ &quot;asụsụ nne nke ndị bi na agwaetiti ahụ&quot;, ọ bụ ezie na a naghị eji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ahụ, ọrụ Kriol weghaara kemgbe afọ 1990.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384074386_Bilingual_education_in_the_Bissagos_islands_of_Guinea-Bissau Feytor Pinto, Paulo. 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384074386_Bilingual_education_in_the_Bissagos_islands_of_Guinea-Bissau], p. 53&lt;/ref&gt;  E nwere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike gbasara ụtọasụsụ na nghọta n'etiti olumba, ebe ndị ọzọ na-aghọtaghị olumba Kamona.

* Anhaki na Canhabaque (Roxa) Island
* Kagbaaga na Bubaque Island
* Kajoko na Orango na Uno Islands
* Kamona n'ebe ugwu Caravela na Carache Islands

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==
Asụsụ Kajoko bụ otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole n'ụwa a maara na ha na-eji mkpụrụ okwu asụsụ, nke bụ nkwụsị olu [d̼] (maọbụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eme dị ka mkpụrụ okwu labial, [b̼]), n'usoro ụda ya bụ isi.[3]

=== Mkpụrụ okwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Mkpụrụ okwu Kajoko (Wilson 2000/2001:20) 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
!Akpụkpọ ahụ
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Palatal
!Velar
!Akpụkpọ ụkwụ&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwPA&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
!Mkpịsị aka
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Plosive
!&lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
|p
|t
|ʈʂ
|
|k
|kp
|
|-
!&lt;small&gt;kwuru okwu&lt;/small&gt;
|b̼
|d
|ɽ
|
|ɡ
|ɡb
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe na-esiri ike
!&lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
|
|s
|
|
|
|
| (h) 
|-
!&lt;small&gt;kwuru okwu&lt;/small&gt;
|β
|
|
|ʒ
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ụgbọ imi
|m
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Rhotic
|
|r
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe atụ
|
|
|
|j
|
|w
|
|}

== Nchịkọta ==
Bijago dịgasị iche iche. Sapir (1971) kewara ya dị ka nke dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime Ezinụlọ West Atlantic. Otú ọ dị, Segerer gosipụtara na nke a bụ n'ihi mgbanwe ụda a na-amaghị ama, nakwa na Bijago dị nso n'asụsụ Bak. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-esonụ cognates na Bijago na [[Asụsụ Kasa|Joola Kasa]] (asụsụ Bak) bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, mana a maghị ya na mbụ: [4]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
!Nkọwa
!Ihe ịchọ mma
!Joola Kasa
|-
!isi
|bu
|fu-kow
|-
!anya
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ka ọ dị mma
|ji-cil
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* [[wiktionary:Appendix:Bijogo word list|Ndepụta okwu Bijogo]] (Wiktionary) 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}} </text>
      <sha1>npekcqlxh41hx52zvn6tikdojrophcf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>637817</id>
      <parentid>637760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T01:00:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>637817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2912" sha1="t510mglhkun9bigtows1w2j2dwsw6dn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Language|name=Bidyogo|states=[[Guinea-Bissau]]|region=Offshore [[Bissagos Islands]]|speakers=36,000|date=2022|ref=e26|script=[[Latin alphabet|Latin]]|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Atlantic languages|Atlantic]]|fam4=[[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]]|fam5=[[Bak languages|Bak]]|iso3=bjg|notice=IPA}}

Asụsụ Bijago ma ọ bụ Bidyogo bụ asụsụ Bissago Archipelago nke Guinea-Bissau. Bidyogo bụ &quot;asụsụ nne nke ndị bi na agwaetiti ahụ&quot;, ọ bụ ezie na a naghị eji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ahụ, ọrụ Kriol weghaara kemgbe afọ 1990.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384074386_Bilingual_education_in_the_Bissagos_islands_of_Guinea-Bissau Feytor Pinto, Paulo. 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384074386_Bilingual_education_in_the_Bissagos_islands_of_Guinea-Bissau], p. 53&lt;/ref&gt;  E nwere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike gbasara ụtọasụsụ na nghọta n'etiti olumba, ebe ndị ọzọ na-aghọtaghị olumba Kamona.

* Anhaki na Canhabaque (Roxa) Island
* Kagbaaga na Bubaque Island
* Kajoko na Orango na Uno Islands
* Kamona n'ebe ugwu Caravela na Carache Islands

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==
Asụsụ Kajoko bụ otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole n'ụwa a maara na ha na-eji mkpụrụ okwu asụsụ, nke bụ nkwụsị olu [d̼] (maọbụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eme dị ka mkpụrụ okwu labial, [b̼]), n'usoro ụda ya bụ isi.{{sfn|Olson|Reiman|Sabio|da Silva|2009}}

=== Mkpụrụ okwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Mkpụrụ okwu Kajoko (Wilson 2000/2001:20) 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
!Akpụkpọ ahụ
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Palatal
!Velar
!Akpụkpọ ụkwụ&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwPA&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
!Mkpịsị aka
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Plosive
!&lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
|p
|t
|ʈʂ
|
|k
|kp
|
|-
!&lt;small&gt;kwuru okwu&lt;/small&gt;
|b̼
|d
|ɽ
|
|ɡ
|ɡb
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe na-esiri ike
!&lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
|
|s
|
|
|
|
| (h) 
|-
!&lt;small&gt;kwuru okwu&lt;/small&gt;
|β
|
|
|ʒ
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ụgbọ imi
|m
|n
|
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Rhotic
|
|r
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe atụ
|
|
|
|j
|
|w
|
|}

== Nchịkọta ==
Bijago dịgasị iche iche. Sapir (1971) kewara ya dị ka nke dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime Ezinụlọ West Atlantic. Otú ọ dị, Segerer gosipụtara na nke a bụ n'ihi mgbanwe ụda a na-amaghị ama, nakwa na Bijago dị nso n'asụsụ Bak. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-esonụ cognates na Bijago na [[Asụsụ Kasa|Joola Kasa]] (asụsụ Bak) bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, mana a maghị ya na mbụ: {{sfn|Segerer|Lionnet|2010}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
!Nkọwa
!Ihe ịchọ mma
!Joola Kasa
|-
!isi
|bu
|fu-kow
|-
!anya
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ka ọ dị mma
|ji-cil
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* [[wiktionary:Appendix:Bijogo word list|Ndepụta okwu Bijogo]] (Wiktionary) 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}} </text>
      <sha1>t510mglhkun9bigtows1w2j2dwsw6dn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Event:Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus</title>
    <ns>1728</ns>
    <id>73944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637704</id>
      <parentid>631055</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nwonwu Uchechukwu P</username>
        <id>12966</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="4300" sha1="bg4hv97iuqwrdpqb7g8wwhzevvvjh3l" xml:space="preserve">== Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus ==

'''Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus''' is a Wikimedia outreach event aimed at introducing students and lecturers of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) to the Wikimedia Movement and Igbo Wikimedia projects. The event will be conducted as a physical, in-person session.

== Background ==
Awareness of Wikimedia activities and Igbo language projects is currently limited within the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC). This initiative seeks to bridge that gap by engaging students and lecturers directly, equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute to Igbo Wikipedia and other Wikimedia platforms.

== Objectives ==
* To introduce participants to the Wikimedia Movement
* To create awareness about Igbo Wikimedia projects
* To train new contributors on how to edit and contribute to Igbo Wikipedia
* To support participants in creating their own Wikimedia user accounts
* To increase Igbo language content online
* To build a community of Wikimedia contributors within UNEC

== Event Details ==
* '''Date:''' 9th April 2026
* '''Format:''' Physical (In-person)
* '''Location:''' University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC)

== Activities ==
* Awareness session on Wikimedia and its projects  
* Introduction to Igbo Wikipedia and other Igbo Wikimedia platforms  
* '''Account creation session for new participants'''  
* Hands-on training on editing Wikipedia  
* Translation edit-a-thon  

== Account Creation ==
Participants who do not already have Wikimedia accounts will be guided through the process of creating their accounts. This will enable them to actively participate in editing activities during and after the event.

== Edit-a-thon ==
Participants will take part in a translation edit-a-thon where they will work together to translate up to '''50''' English Wikipedia articles into Igbo. This activity is aimed at improving Igbo content online and giving participants practical editing experience.

== Expected Outcomes ==
* Increased awareness of Wikimedia within UNEC  
* New Wikimedia user accounts created  
* New editors contributing to Igbo Wikipedia  
* Up to '''50''' articles translated into Igbo  
* Strengthened presence of Igbo Wikimedia projects  

== Target Audience ==
* Students of UNEC  
* Lecturers and academic staff  
* Individuals interested in Igbo language and open knowledge  

== Participation ==
Participants are expected to attend the physical session and actively engage in the training, account creation, and edit-a-thon. Participants are to sign their names here. Click on edit/edit source, then sign under the last person's name below using this code &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

#[[Ojiarụ:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|ṅkátá]]) 09:29, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#1234
#[[Ojiarụ:Nnabuko chinenye V|Nnabuko chinenye V]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Nnabuko chinenye V|ṅkátá]]) 10:05, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM|OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM|ṅkátá]]) 10:09, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Uwa Ifunanya|Uwa Ifunanya]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Uwa Ifunanya|ṅkátá]]) 10:14, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:EDWIN OBINNA|EDWIN OBINNA]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:EDWIN OBINNA|ṅkátá]]) 11:28, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:MaduHopechekwube|MaduHopechekwube]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MaduHopechekwube|ṅkátá]]) 11:48, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Ofoegbu Chiamaka|Ofoegbu Chiamaka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ofoegbu Chiamaka|ṅkátá]]) 14:43, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing|Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing|ṅkátá]]) 06:23, 12 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[⁠User:Precious Okeke|Precious Okeke]]
#[[⁠User:Chinedu Favour|Chinedu Favour]]
#[[⁠User:Priscilla Ebube|Priscilla Ebube]]
#[[⁠User:Okwara chidera f|Okwara chidera f]]
#[[⁠User:Chinedu Favour|Chinedu Favour]]

==Topic List==
Training list: https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=44070216

Edit-a-thon List:https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=45999584

== Organizer==
[[User:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]]


== Photo Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
TBD
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4429" sha1="5hleqs4h0zem3mjpa01tamt660649yj" xml:space="preserve">== Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus ==
[[File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training In UNEC Flyer.png|thumb|Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training In UNEC Publicity Flyer]]

'''Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus''' is a Wikimedia outreach event aimed at introducing students and lecturers of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) to the Wikimedia Movement and Igbo Wikimedia projects. The event will be conducted as a physical, in-person session.

== Background ==
Awareness of Wikimedia activities and Igbo language projects is currently limited within the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC). This initiative seeks to bridge that gap by engaging students and lecturers directly, equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute to Igbo Wikipedia and other Wikimedia platforms.

== Objectives ==
* To introduce participants to the Wikimedia Movement
* To create awareness about Igbo Wikimedia projects
* To train new contributors on how to edit and contribute to Igbo Wikipedia
* To support participants in creating their own Wikimedia user accounts
* To increase Igbo language content online
* To build a community of Wikimedia contributors within UNEC

== Event Details ==
* '''Date:''' 9th April 2026
* '''Format:''' Physical (In-person)
* '''Location:''' University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC)

== Activities ==
* Awareness session on Wikimedia and its projects  
* Introduction to Igbo Wikipedia and other Igbo Wikimedia platforms  
* '''Account creation session for new participants'''  
* Hands-on training on editing Wikipedia  
* Translation edit-a-thon  

== Account Creation ==
Participants who do not already have Wikimedia accounts will be guided through the process of creating their accounts. This will enable them to actively participate in editing activities during and after the event.

== Edit-a-thon ==
Participants will take part in a translation edit-a-thon where they will work together to translate up to '''50''' English Wikipedia articles into Igbo. This activity is aimed at improving Igbo content online and giving participants practical editing experience.

== Expected Outcomes ==
* Increased awareness of Wikimedia within UNEC  
* New Wikimedia user accounts created  
* New editors contributing to Igbo Wikipedia  
* Up to '''50''' articles translated into Igbo  
* Strengthened presence of Igbo Wikimedia projects  

== Target Audience ==
* Students of UNEC  
* Lecturers and academic staff  
* Individuals interested in Igbo language and open knowledge  

== Participation ==
Participants are expected to attend the physical session and actively engage in the training, account creation, and edit-a-thon. Participants are to sign their names here. Click on edit/edit source, then sign under the last person's name below using this code &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

#[[Ojiarụ:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|ṅkátá]]) 09:29, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#1234
#[[Ojiarụ:Nnabuko chinenye V|Nnabuko chinenye V]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Nnabuko chinenye V|ṅkátá]]) 10:05, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM|OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM|ṅkátá]]) 10:09, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Uwa Ifunanya|Uwa Ifunanya]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Uwa Ifunanya|ṅkátá]]) 10:14, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:EDWIN OBINNA|EDWIN OBINNA]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:EDWIN OBINNA|ṅkátá]]) 11:28, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:MaduHopechekwube|MaduHopechekwube]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MaduHopechekwube|ṅkátá]]) 11:48, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Ofoegbu Chiamaka|Ofoegbu Chiamaka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ofoegbu Chiamaka|ṅkátá]]) 14:43, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing|Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing|ṅkátá]]) 06:23, 12 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[⁠User:Precious Okeke|Precious Okeke]]
#[[⁠User:Chinedu Favour|Chinedu Favour]]
#[[⁠User:Priscilla Ebube|Priscilla Ebube]]
#[[⁠User:Okwara chidera f|Okwara chidera f]]
#[[⁠User:Chinedu Favour|Chinedu Favour]]

==Topic List==
Training list: https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=44070216

Edit-a-thon List:https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=45999584

== Organizer==
[[User:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]]


== Photo Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
TBD
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6409" sha1="2fvuoqoardxelxh7c339jbcpni3orti" xml:space="preserve">== Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus ==
[[File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training In UNEC Flyer.png|thumb|Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training In UNEC Publicity Flyer]]

'''Igbo Wikimedia Awareness in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus''' is a Wikimedia outreach event aimed at introducing students and lecturers of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) to the Wikimedia Movement and Igbo Wikimedia projects. The event will be conducted as a physical, in-person session.

== Background ==
Awareness of Wikimedia activities and Igbo language projects is currently limited within the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC). This initiative seeks to bridge that gap by engaging students and lecturers directly, equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute to Igbo Wikipedia and other Wikimedia platforms.

== Objectives ==
* To introduce participants to the Wikimedia Movement
* To create awareness about Igbo Wikimedia projects
* To train new contributors on how to edit and contribute to Igbo Wikipedia
* To support participants in creating their own Wikimedia user accounts
* To increase Igbo language content online
* To build a community of Wikimedia contributors within UNEC

== Event Details ==
* '''Date:''' 9th April 2026
* '''Format:''' Physical (In-person)
* '''Location:''' University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC)

== Activities ==
* Awareness session on Wikimedia and its projects  
* Introduction to Igbo Wikipedia and other Igbo Wikimedia platforms  
* '''Account creation session for new participants'''  
* Hands-on training on editing Wikipedia  
* Translation edit-a-thon  

== Account Creation ==
Participants who do not already have Wikimedia accounts will be guided through the process of creating their accounts. This will enable them to actively participate in editing activities during and after the event.

== Edit-a-thon ==
Participants will take part in a translation edit-a-thon where they will work together to translate up to '''50''' English Wikipedia articles into Igbo. This activity is aimed at improving Igbo content online and giving participants practical editing experience.

== Expected Outcomes ==
* Increased awareness of Wikimedia within UNEC  
* New Wikimedia user accounts created  
* New editors contributing to Igbo Wikipedia  
* Up to '''50''' articles translated into Igbo  
* Strengthened presence of Igbo Wikimedia projects  

== Target Audience ==
* Students of UNEC  
* Lecturers and academic staff  
* Individuals interested in Igbo language and open knowledge  

== Participation ==
Participants are expected to attend the physical session and actively engage in the training, account creation, and edit-a-thon. Participants are to sign their names here. Click on edit/edit source, then sign under the last person's name below using this code &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

#[[Ojiarụ:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|ṅkátá]]) 09:29, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#1234
#[[Ojiarụ:Nnabuko chinenye V|Nnabuko chinenye V]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Nnabuko chinenye V|ṅkátá]]) 10:05, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM|OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:OHA MARYCYNTHIA CHINECHEREM|ṅkátá]]) 10:09, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Uwa Ifunanya|Uwa Ifunanya]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Uwa Ifunanya|ṅkátá]]) 10:14, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:EDWIN OBINNA|EDWIN OBINNA]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:EDWIN OBINNA|ṅkátá]]) 11:28, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:MaduHopechekwube|MaduHopechekwube]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MaduHopechekwube|ṅkátá]]) 11:48, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Ofoegbu Chiamaka|Ofoegbu Chiamaka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ofoegbu Chiamaka|ṅkátá]]) 14:43, 11 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[Ojiarụ:Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing|Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Azuka Onyedikachi Blessing|ṅkátá]]) 06:23, 12 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
#[[⁠User:Precious Okeke|Precious Okeke]]
#[[⁠User:Chinedu Favour|Chinedu Favour]]
#[[⁠User:Priscilla Ebube|Priscilla Ebube]]
#[[⁠User:Okwara chidera f|Okwara chidera f]]
#[[⁠User:Chinedu Favour|Chinedu Favour]]

==Topic List==
Training list: https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=44070216

Edit-a-thon List:https://petscan.wmcloud.org/?psid=45999584

== Organizer==
[[User:Nwonwu Uchechukwu P|Nwonwu Uchechukwu P]]


== Photo Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 1.jpg|thumb|Group photo of participants and trainer during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 2.jpg|thumb|Group photo of participants and trainer during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC]]
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 3.jpg|thumb|One on one guidance on how to create a Wikimedia account]]
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 4.jpg|thumb|Translation session during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 5.jpg|thumb|One on one guidance on how to translate articles
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 6.jpg|thumb|Translation session during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 7.jpg|thumb|Introducing participants to wikimedia movement, wiki projects and how to translate articles  from English to Igbo
[[File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 8.jpg|thumb|Translation session during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 9.jpg|thumb|Translation session during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 10.jpg|thumb|One on one guidance on how to translate articles
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 11.jpg|thumb|Translation session during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 12.jpg|thumb|Translation session during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 13.jpg|thumb|Introducing participants to wiki media movement, wiki projects and how to translate articles  from English to Igbo
File:Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC 14.jpg|thumb|Group photo of participants and trainer during the Igbo Wikipedia Awareness &amp; Training at UNEC
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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    <title>Sophie Germain</title>
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Marie-Sophie Germain ([maʁi sɔfi ʒɛʁmɛ̃]; 1 Mee 1776 – 27 Jun 1831) bu onye France gbasara mgbakọ na mwepụ, physicist na ọkà ihe ọmụma. N'agbanyeghị mmegide mbụ sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ ibe ya na nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze, o mepụtara echiche ya site n'ọbá akwụkwọ nna ya, ọrụ Euler, na site na akwụkwọ ozi n'okpuru pseudonym nke Monsieur Le Blanc ya na ndị ọkachamara mgbakọ na mwepụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị a ma ama, dị ka Lagrange, Legendre, na Gauss. Otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke tiori nke elasticity, e nyere ya Grand Prix nke Paris Academy of Sciences maka ọrụ ya na isiokwu ahụ. Ọrụ ya na Fermat's Last Theorem nyere ntọala maka ọtụtụ mgbakọ mgbakọ na mwepụ mechara.[1] N'ihi ntutu isi ya dị gịrịgịrị, ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ site na ahụ, mana ọ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya n'oge ndụ ya niile.[2] Tupu ya anwụọ, a tụrụ aro Gauss ka ọ nweta akara mmụta doctorate, mana nke ahụ agaghị eme nke ọma.[1] Na 27 June 1831, ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa ara. N'otu oge na ndụ ya, e guzobere ihe nrite na Academy of Sciences na nsọpụrụ ya. Enyere ya ihe nrite Sophie Germain.

== Oge ọ malitere ==

=== Ezinụlọ ===
A mụrụ Marie-Sophie Germain na Rue Saint-Denis na 1 Jenụarị 1776, na Paris, France, ma mee ya baptizim n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.[4] Dị ka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ si kwuo, nna ya, Ambroise-François, bụ onye ahịa silk bara ọgaranya, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nlereanya. [5] [6] [7] [8] Na 1789, a họpụtara ya na États-Généraux, ebe ọ nọchitere anya Mgbakọ Mba. A na-eche na Sophie si otú a na-agbanarị esemokwu dị n'etiti nna ya na ndị enyi ya bụ ndị kwadoro ya na nkà na nkà ya. Grey na-atụ aro na mgbe mmụọ ozi na-elekọta ya, Ambroise-François, jụrụ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ; na ọkụ ọkụ, ahụ ga-egosi na ọ bụ onye na-akwado Germain n'oge ndụ ya niile. [8]

Marie-Sophie nwere nwanne nwanyị nke obere, Angélique-Ambroise, na nwanne nwanyị nke obere, Marie-Madeline. A na-akpọkwa nne ya Marie-Madeline, ọtụtụ &quot;Maries&quot; ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọpụpụ Sophie. Nwa nwanne Germain bụ Armand-Jacques Lherbette, nwa Marie-Madeline, ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ Germain na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ọ gasịrị (lee Ọrụ na nkà ihe ọmụma). [6]

=== Mmalite nke mgbakọ na mwepụ ===
Mgbe Germain dị afọ iri na atọ, Bastille dara, na-amanye ya ka ọ nọrọ n'obodo ahụ. Maka akwụkwọ, ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'ọbá akwụkwọ nna ya. N'ebe ahụ, ọ hụrụ L'Histoire des Mathématiques nke JE Montucla dere, onye mmetụta ya na Archimedes masịrị ya. [6]

Germain chere na ọ bụrụ na usoro geometry, nke n'oge ahụ na-ezo aka na mgbakọ na mwepụ niile,  nwere ike ijide mmasị dị otú ahụ maka Archimedes, ọ bụ isiokwu kwesịrị ịmụ. [6][9] Ya mere, ọ nyochara akwụkwọ ọ bụla gbasara mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ nna ya, ọbụnakwa na-akụzi onwe ya Latin na Grik, ka o wee nwee ike ịgụ akwụkwọ dịka nke Sir Isaac Newton na Leonhard Euler. Ọ nụkwara {{Lang|fr|Traité d'Arithmétique}} nke Étienne Bézout na {{Lang|fr|Le Calcul Différentiel}} nke [[:fr:Jacques Antoine-Joseph Cousin|Jacques Antoine-Joseph Cousin]]. Mgbe e mesịrị, Cousin gara leta Germain n'ụlọ, na-agba ya ume n'ọmụmụ ihe ya.[10]

Nne na nna Germain anabataghị mmasị mberede ya na mgbakọ na mwepụ, nke a na-eche na ọ baghị uru maka nwanyị. Mgbe abalị bịara, ha ga-ajụ uwe ya na-ekpo ọkụ na ọkụ maka ụlọ ihi ụra ya iji gbalịa igbochi ya ịmụ ihe, mana mgbe ha hapụrụ, ọ ga-ewepụ kandụl, kechie onwe ya na akwa ma mee mgbakọ na mwepụ.[11] Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, nne ya kwadoro ya na nzuzo.[10]

=== Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Polytechnic ===
[[Faịlụ:Porton_antigua_sede_École_Polytechnique_Sainte_Geneviève.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke École Polytechnique]]
N'afọ 1794, mgbe Germain dị afọ iri na asatọ, École Polytechnique meghere.[7] Dị ka nwanyị, a machibidoro Germain ịga, mana usoro agụmakwụkwọ ọhụrụ mere ka &quot;ihe odide nkuzi dị maka ndị niile jụrụ&quot;.[10] Usoro ọhụrụ ahụ chọkwara ka ụmụ akwụkwọ &quot;nyefe ihe edere ede&quot;.[12] Germain nwetara ihe odide okwu ma malite iziga ọrụ ya na Joseph Louis Lagrange, onye otu ngalaba. O jiri aha onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ Monsieur Antoine-Auguste Le Blanc, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/sophie-germain/|first=Simon|author=Singh|year=1997|publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation|title=Math's Hidden Woman|accessdate=20 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;egwu&quot;, dịka o mechara kọwaara Gauss, &quot;ịkwa emo nke nwanyị sayensị&quot;.[10][14] Mgbe Lagrange hụrụ ọgụgụ isi nke M. Le Blanc, ọ rịọrọ ka e nwee nzukọ, ya mere a manyere Sophie ikpughe onye ọ bụ n'ezie. N'ụzọ dị mma, Lagrange enweghị mmasị na Germain bụ nwanyị,  ọ ghọkwara onye nduzi ya.[10][7]

== Ọrụ mbụ na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ ==
Germain first became interested in number theory in 1798 when Adrien-Marie Legendre published {{Lang|fr|Essai sur la théorie des nombres}}.[15] After studying the work, she opened correspondence with him on number theory, and later, elasticity. Legendre included some of Germain's work in the {{Lang|fr|Supplément}} to his second edition of the {{Lang|fr|Théorie des Nombres}}, where he calls it {{Lang|fr|très ingénieuse}} (&quot;very ingenious&quot;). See also Her work on Fermat's Last Theorem below.[16]

=== Akwụkwọ ozi ya na Gauss ===
Mmasị Germain na mgbakọ na mwepụ dị ọhụrụ mgbe o depụtaghachiri Carl Friedrich Gauss Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.[15] Mgbe afọ atọ rụchara ọrụ site na mmega ahụ na ịnwale echiche nke onwe ya nke ụfọdụ iwu, o dere, ụfọdụ n'okpuru aha M. Le Blanc, nye onye edemede n'onwe ya, onye jiri ụfọdụ n'ime ha mee ihe maka ọdịmma ya.[17] Nzaghachi Gauss bụ Antoine-Isaac, Baron Silvestre De Sacy, bụ onye ga-ahụ ihe mere Germain ji were aha nwoke wee kweta inyere ya aka izochi ike ya.[19]

A''k'' ozi mbụ, ''n'' e dere na 21 Nọvemba 1804,  tụlere &lt;s i=&quot;&quot;&gt;p about=&quot;#mwt81&quot; data-mw='{&quot;''p''&quot;:[{&quot;tem''p''&lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;lang&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Lang&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;la&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Disquisitiones&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mw0Q&quot; title=&quot;Latin-language text&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''Disquisitiones'' nke Gauss ma gosipụta ụfọdụ ọrụ Germain na Fermat's Last Theorem.[20] N'akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, Germain kwuru na ya gosipụtara iwu ahụ maka n = p − 1, ebe p bụ Ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ nke ụdị p = 8k + 7.[21] Otú ọ dị, ihe akaebe ya nwere echiche na-adịghị ike, nzaghachi Gauss ekwughị ihe akaebe Germain.[22]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/s&gt;

N'ihe dị ka 1807 (isi mmalite dị iche iche),  n'oge agha Napoleon, ndị France nọ n'obodo Germany nke Braunschweig, ebe Gauss bi.[23] Germain, na-echegbu onwe ya na ọ nwere ike ịta ahụhụ maka ọdịnihu nke Archimedes, degaara General Pernety (Joseph Marie nke Pernety), enyi ezinụlọ, akwụkwọ ozi, na-arịọ ka o hụ na nchekwa Gauss.[10] General Pernety zigara onyeisi ndị agha ka ha zute Gauss n'onwe ya iji hụ na ọ nọ n'udo.[23] Dị ka ọ bịara, Gauss dị mma, mana aha Sophie nwere mgbagwoju anya.[23]

Ọnwa atọ mgbe ihe ahụ mere, Germain kpughere Gauss ezigbo onye ọ bụ.[14] Ọ zaghachiri, sị: [24]
 
[[Faịlụ:Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise nke 1840 nke Carl Friedrich Gauss; nke Gottlieb Biermann sere mgbe Christian Albrecht Jensen gasịrị]]
Akwụkwọ ozi Gauss degaara Olber na-egosi na otuto ya maka Germain bụ eziokwu.[23][25] N'otu akwụkwọ ozi 1807, Germain kwuru na ọ bụrụ na 


x 

n 


+ 

na 

n 


{\displaystyle x^{n}+y^{n}} 

bụ nke ụdị 


h 

2 


+ n 

f 

2 


{\displaystyle h^{2}+nf^{2}} 

, mgbe ahụ 


x + y 


{\displaystyle x+y} 

bụkwa ụdị ahụ. Gauss zaghachiri site n'ihe atụ na-emegide ya: 


15 

11 


+ 

8 

11 


{\displaystyle 15^{11}+8^{11}} 

enwere ike ide ya dị ka 


h 

2 


+
11 

f 

2 


{\displaystyle h^{2}+11f^{2}} 

, mana 


15
+
8 


{\displaystyle 15+8} 

enweghị ike.[21][26]

Ọ bụ ezie na Gauss chere echiche nke ọma banyere Germain, azịza ya nye akwụkwọ ozi ya na-egbu oge mgbe niile, ọ naghịkwa enyocha ọrụ ya.[22] N'ikpeazụ, mmasị ya hapụrụ echiche ọnụ ọgụgụ, na 1809 akwụkwọ ozi kwụsịrị.[22] N'agbanyeghị ọbụbụenyi nke Germain na Gauss, ha ahụtụbeghị.[27]

== Ọrụ na elasticity ==

=== Mgbalị mbụ Germain mere maka onyinye Academy ===
[[Faịlụ:Echladni.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni]]
Mgbe akwụkwọ ozi Germain na Gauss kwụsịrị, ọ nwere mmasị na asọmpi nke Paris Academy of Sciences kwadoro gbasara nnwale Ernst Chladni na efere ígwè na-ama jijiji. Ebumnuche nke asọmpi ahụ, dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru, bụ &quot;inye echiche mgbakọ na mwepụ nke ịma jijiji nke elu na iji tụnyere echiche ahụ na ihe akaebe nnwale&quot;. Lagrange kwuru na ngwọta maka nsogbu ahụ ga-achọ ka e mepụta ngalaba nyocha ọhụrụ gbochiri ndị niile na-asọmpi ma e wezụga abụọ, Denis Poisson na Germain. Mgbe ahụ, a họpụtara Poisson ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka ikpe kama ịbụ onye na-asọ mpi, ma hapụ Germain dị ka naanị onye na-abanye na asọmpi ahụ.[28][29]

Na 1809 Germain malitere ọrụ. Legendre nyere aka site n'inye ya nhazi, ntụaka, na nyocha ugbu a.[30] O tinyere akwụkwọ ya na mbido oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1811 ma ghara inweta ihe nrite ahụ. Kọmitii na-ekpe ikpe chere na &quot;ezi usoro nke mmegharị ahụ emeghị&quot;, ọ bụ ezie na &quot;nnwale ndị ahụ gosipụtara nsonaazụ dị mma&quot;.[28] Lagrange nwere ike iji ọrụ Germain nweta usoro nke &quot;ezi n'okpuru echiche pụrụ iche&quot;. [20]

A gbatịpụrụ ahụ ahụ, Germain wee hụkwa na ọ dị mkpa maka ihe nrite ahụ. Na mbụ ọ gara n'ihu na-enye nkwado, ma o wepụrụ akwụkwọ ahụ nile.[28] Aha Florin Germain pụtara na akwụkwọ 1813 ya na ngwaahịa ahụ, ngwaahịa nke ọnụọgụ abụọ, nke ọ natara naanị n'ihi na &quot;ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke ihe [karịrị]&quot;.[20] [29] [28] A na-agbatị ahụ ahụ ọzọ, Germain gosikwara ọrụ ya na nke atọ. N'oge a, ọ gakwuuru Poisson.[20] Na 1814, o bipụtara ọrụ nke ya na ngbanwe ma kwenyeghị na nhọrọ Germain (ọ rụrụ ọrụ na isiokwu ahụ na, dịka onye ikpe na kọmitii nkwonkwo, nwere ike imetụta ọrụ ya).[29].

Germain tinyere akwụkwọ nke atọ ya, &quot;{{Lang|fr|Recherches sur la théorie des surfaces élastiques}}&quot;,  n'okpuru aha nke ya, na 8 Jenụwarị 1816  ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ meriri ihe nrite site na Paris Academy of Sciences. [20][29][31] Ọ pụtaghị n'ememe ahụ iji nata onyinye ya.[20] Ọ bụ ezie na e mechara nye Germain ihe nrite pụrụ iche, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ enwebeghị afọ ojuju zuru oke.[22][32] Germain nwetara usoro ọdịiche ziri ezi (okwu pụrụ iche nke usoro Kirchhoff-Love),  mana usoro ya ebughị amụma nsonaazụ nnwale n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ebe ọ dabere na usoro na-ezighị ezi site na Euler,  nke dugara na ọnọdụ ókèala na-ezughị ezi.[33][20] Nke a bụ usoro ikpeazụ Germain maka ịma jijiji nke ụgbọelu lamina:

: &lt;math&gt;N^2\left(\frac{\partial^4 z}{\partial x^4} + 2\frac{\partial^4 z}{\partial x^2 \partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^4 z}{\partial y^4}\right) + \frac{\partial^2 z}{\partial t^2} = 0,&lt;/math&gt;

ebe ''N'' bụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide.[&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Theory of Elasticity and of the Strength of Materials: Volume 1|author=Isaac Todhunter|editor=Karl Pearson|isbn=978-1108070423|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;This is equation (B) in Germain's own book. {{Cite book|title=Recherches sur la théorie des surfaces élastiques|url=https://archive.org/details/TO0E039736_TO0324_PNI-1705_000000|author=Sophie Germain|year=1821}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe o meriri asọmpi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ ka na-enweghị ike ịga nnọkọ ya n'ihi omenala ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke iwepu ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndị nwunye ndị otu. Afọ asaa ka e mesịrị, ọnọdụ a gbanwere, mgbe ya na Joseph Fourier, odeakwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, mere enyi, onye nwetara tiketi maka nnọkọ ahụ.[30]

=== Ọrụ e mere mgbe e mesịrị ===
[[Faịlụ:Germain_-_Recherches_sur_la_théorie_des_surfaces_élastiques,_1821_-_723413.tiff|thumb|Nnyocha banyere echiche nke ihe ndị na-agbatị agbatị, 1821]]
Germain bipụtara edemede ya na-enweta ihe nrite na ego nke ya na 1821, karịsịa n'ihi na ọ chọrọ igosi ọrụ ya na-emegide nke Poisson. N'ime edemede ahụ, o kwuru ụfọdụ njehie dị na usoro ya.[20]

N'afọ 1826, o zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nke afọ 1821 n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Dị ka Andrea Del Centina si kwuo, mmezigharị ahụ gụnyere mgbalị iji mee ka ọrụ ya doo anya site na &quot;iwebata echiche ụfọdụ na-eme ka ọ dị mfe&quot;. Nke a mere ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nọrọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma, ebe ha chere na akwụkwọ ahụ &quot;ezughị oke na ihe na-enweghị isi&quot;, mana ha achọghị &quot;imeso ya dịka onye ọrụ ibe ya, dịka ha ga-emeso nwoke ọ bụla, site n'ịjụ ọrụ ahụ&quot;. Ya mere Augustin-Louis Cauchy, onye a họpụtara ka ọ nyochaa ọrụ ya, tụrụ aro ka o bipụta ya, ọ gbasoro ndụmọdụ ya.[36]

E bipụtara otu ọrụ ọzọ nke Germain na elasticity n'afọ ọ nwụrụ, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na 1831, &quot;{{Lang|fr|Mémoire sur la courbure des surfaces}}&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t546445662.image|journal=[[Journal für die reine und angew. Mathematik]]|volume=Band 7|issue=Heft 1|title=Mémoire sur la courbure des surfaces|author=Sophie Germain}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jiri mgbagwoju anya mee ihe na nyocha ya (lee Honors in number theory). [20]

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ ==
Ọrụ kachasị mma Germain bụ na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ,  na enyemaka ya kachasị mkpa na nkuzi ọnụọgụ bụ nke ikpeazụ nke Fermat. [5][16] N'afọ 1815, mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nyere ihe nrite maka ihe akaebe nke Fermat's Last Theorem.[38] Ọ kpọghachiri mmasị Germain na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọ degaara Gauss akwụkwọ ọzọ mgbe afọ iri nke enweghị akwụkwọ ozi.[15]

N'akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, Germain kwuru na nchepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ngalaba kachasị amasị ya nakwa na ọ dị n'uche ya oge niile ọ na-amụ elasticity.[38] O depụtara atụmatụ maka ihe akaebe n'ozuzu nke Fermat's Last Theorem, gụnyere ihe akaebe maka ikpe pụrụ iche.[39] Akwụkwọ ozi Germain degaara Gauss nwere ọganihu dị ukwuu n'ihe akaebe. Ọ jụrụ Gauss ma ụzọ o si eme ihe na iwu ahụ bara uru ịchụso. Gauss azaghachighị.[40]

=== Ọrụ ya na Fermat's Last Theorem ===
[[Faịlụ:Pierre_de_Fermat.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Pierre de Fermat]]
Enwere ike kewaa Theorem Ik''p'' nke Fermat n'ọnọdụ abụọ. Ọnọdụ 1 ''na''-agụnye ike niile ''p'' nke ''na''-adịghị ekewa nke ọ bụla nke ''''x'''', y, ma ọ bụ ''''z''''. Ọnọdụ 2 na-agụnyekwa p niile nke na-ekewa ọ dịkarịa ala otu nke x,y, ma ọ dị ka z. Germain tụrụ aro ihe ndị a, nke a na-akpọkarị &quot;Sophie Germain's theorem&quot;: [41]
 
Germain jiri nsonaazụ a gosi''p'' ik''p'' mbụ nke Fermat's Last Theorem maka primes niile dị iche iche p &lt; 100, mana dị ka Andrea Del Centina si kwuo, &quot;ọ gosipụtara n'ezie na ọ na-ejide maka exponent ọ bụla p &lt; 197&quot;.[42] L. E. Dickson mechara jiri theorem Germain gosipụta ikpe mbụ nke Fermat's Last Theorem maka primes niile na-erughị 1700.[43]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

N'ihe odide a na-ebi''p'' nke ak''p'' Remarque sur l'impossibilité de satisfaire en nombres entiers a l'equation xp + yp = zap,[41] Germain gosipụtara na ihe atụ ọ bụla na-emegide Fermat's theorem maka p &gt; 5 ga-abụ nọmba &quot;nke nha ya na-atụ egwu echiche&quot;,[44] ihe dị ka ọnụọgụ iri anọ.[45] Germain ebipụtaghị akwụkwọ a. A maara iwu ya naanị n'ihi ihe odide ala ala na akwụkwọ Legendre na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ, ebe o ji ya gosipụta iwu ikpeazụ nke Fermat maka p = 5 (lee Correspondence with Legendre). [44] Germain gosikwara ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gosipụta ọtụtụ nsonaazụ ndị a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Lagrange ma ọ bụ ndị a chọtara ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị.[1] Del Centina na-ekwu na &quot;mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị afọ abụọ gasịrị echiche ya ka bụ isi&quot;, [1] mana n'ikpeazụ usoro ya anaghị arụ ọrụ. [44]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Ọrụ na nkà ihe ọmụma ==
Na mgbakwunye na mgbakọ na mwepụ, Germain gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà mmụta uche.[10] Ọ chọrọ ịhazi eziokwu ma chịkọta ha n'ime iwu ndị nwere ike ịmepụta usoro nke nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nke na-amalite mgbe ahụ. Auguste Comte toro nkà ihe ọmụma ya nke ukwuu.[46]

Two of her philosophical works, {{Lang|fr|Pensées diverses}} and {{Lang|fr|Considérations générales sur l'état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture}}, were published, both posthumously. This was due in part to the efforts of Lherbette, her nephew, who collected her philosophical writings and published them.[47]  {{Lang|fr|Pensées}} is a collection of personal notes on scientific subjects (the writings of Tycho, Newton, and Laplace), aphorisms, and philosophical reflections.[48][49] In {{Lang|fr|Considérations}}, the work admired by Comte, Germain argues that there are no substantive differences between the sciences and the humanities.[50]

== Afọ ndị ikpeazụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Germain_-_Œuvres_philosophiques,_1896_(page_343_crop).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Foto nke ihe nkpuchi ọnwụ Sophie Germain, na-egosi kpachapụrụ anya mebie okpokoro isi nke a na-eme na mmalite nke oge a na France]]
N'agbanyeghị ihe Germain rụzuru, asambodo ọnwụ ya depụtara ya dị ka &quot;rentière - annuitant&quot; (onye nwe ala), ọ bụghị &quot;{{Lang|fr|mathématicienne}}&quot;.[52]-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Sophie_Germain#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMozans1913156-52 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;52&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;][53] Ma ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị n'ọrụ ya. Mgbe okwu nke nzere nsọpụrụ pụtara na Mahadum [[Göttingen]] na 1837 - afọ isii mgbe ọnwụ Germain gasịrị - Gauss kwara arịrị, sị: &quot;ọ [Germain] gosipụtara ụwa na ọbụna nwanyị nwere ike ịrụzu ihe bara uru na sayensị kachasị sie ike na nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe ma n'ihi ya ọ gaara kwesị nzere nsọpụrụ&quot;.[54]

== Nnyocha ==
Vesna Petrovich chọpụtara na nzaghachi nke ụwa gụrụ akwụkwọ na mbipụta na 1821 nke edemede Germain nwetara ihe nrite &quot;dị site na nkwanye ùgwù ruo na enweghị mmasị&quot;.[31] N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ toro ya nke ukwuu. Banyere edemede ya na 1821, Cauchy kwuru, sị: &quot;[ọ] bụ ọrụ nke aha onye dere ya na mkpa isiokwu ahụ kwesịrị nlebara anya nke ndị mgbakọ na mwepụ. &quot;[it][27] Claude-Louis Navier zigara Germain akwụkwọ ozi na-akpọ ya &quot;ọrụ dị ịrịba ama nke na mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike ịgụ ya, ọ bụ naanị otu nwanyị nwere ike ide ya&quot;.[55][56]

Echiche nke oge a na-ekweta na ọ bụ ebe a ka Germain nwere nkà dị ukwuu dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, nakwa na ngwaọrụ ya maka ịchọpụta isi ísì na-enweghị ike ọ ga-eji ha mee ihe n'ezie. Dị ka ngwaọrụ Gray si kwuo, &quot;Ọrụ Germain na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ụfọdụ nguzogide n'ozuzu ya, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi enweghị nkenke ya na usoro ahụ.&quot;

&quot;Nsogbu na Germain tiori nke vibrations, Gray na-ekwu na&quot; ọrụ Germain bụ isi maka mmepe nke a zuru ezu tiori nke ike ndọda. &quot;Mgbe e wuru Eiffel Tower na aha 72 French ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị injinia, na mgbakọ na mwepụ e depụtara, aha Germain adịghị n'ime ha; H. J. Mozans chere na n'agbanyeghị mkpa nke ọrụ ya na-ewu na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ. nwanyị.[29][52]

Banyere ọrụ mbụ na nkuzi nke ọnụọgụgụ, J. H. Sampson na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ọ maara ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ algebra; ma ọrịa nke obere ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọrụ ahụ. N'ezie, ọrụ ya nke oge a nke gbadatara anyị yiri ka ọ na-emetụta nanị elu elu. obere akụkụ na akụkụ ha dị iche iche &quot;. Mana Marilyn n'onwe ya [Sich] nyere ya [16] [53] [50] [50] [31] Louis Bucciarelli na Nancy Dworsky, ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Germain, ọbụna dere, sị: &quot;Ihe akaebe niile na-egosi ike Sophie Germain ịse na ime ihe nwere àgwà egwuregwu siri ike nke nwa nwoke&quot;.

=== Ihe ncheta ===
[[Faịlụ:Grave,_Sophie_Germain.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ili Sophie Germain na Père Lachaise Cemetery]]
Ebe izu ike Germain na Père Lachaise Cemetery na Paris nwere akara ili.[27][8] N'ememe otu narị afọ nke ndụ ya, a gụrụ okporo ámá na ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị aha ya, a na-etinyekwa ihe ncheta n'ụlọ ebe ọ nwụrụ.[8] City Council nke Paris nyere iwu ka Zachariah Astruc mee bust, dabere na ihe nkpuchi ọnwụ na nchịkọta nke National Museum of Natural History, nke e guzobere n'ogige isi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 2 August 1890. [59] Enweghị ihe yiri Germain nke sitere na ndụ, ma ọ bụ nkọwa okwu nke oge a banyere ọdịdị ya.[59]

=== Nsọpụrụ na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ ===
E. Dubouis defined a ''sophien'' of a prime n to be a prime θ where θ = kn + 1, for such n that yield θ such that xn = yn + 1 (mod θ) has no solutions when x and y are prime to n.[61]

Germain curvature (nke a na-akpọkwa mean curvature) bụ 


(Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na 

k 

1 


+ 

k 

2 


)  

/ 

2 


{\displaystyle (k_{1}+k_{2}) /2} 

,  ebe k1 na k2 bụ ọnụọgụ kachasị elu na nke kacha nta nke nkwonkwo nkịtị. [54][20]

Aha Sophie Germain na-ekwu na maka ihe ọ bụla {x, y},

=== Ihe nrite Sophie Germain ===
Ihe nrite Sophie Germain (French:  Prix Sophie Germain), nke Foundation Sophie Germain na-enye kwa afọ, bụ nke Academy of Sciences na Paris na-enye. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịsọpụrụ onye France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ maka nyocha na ntọala nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. E guzobere onyinye a, nke ruru € 8,000, na 2003, n'okpuru nkwado nke Institut de France. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prix Sophie Germain – Fondation de l'Institut de France|url=http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_germain.pdf|publisher=Institut de France – Académie des sciences|accessdate=20 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129202400/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_germain.pdf|archivedate=29 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2026, a mara ọkwa Germain dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 72 nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na STEM nke a tụpụtara ka agbakwunye aha ha na Ndị ikom 72 emerela na Eiffel Tower. Onye isi obodo Paris, Anne Hidalgo mara ọkwa atụmatụ ahụ na-agbaso aro nke kọmitii nke Isabelle Vauglin nke Femmes et Sciences [fr] na Jean-François Martins nke ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke na-elekọta Eiffel Tower.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Campbell, Paul J; Grinstein, Louise S|url=http://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse|title=Women of mathematics : a biobibliographic sourcebook|date=1987|publisher=New York : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-24849-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eiffel Tower: a list of 72 women scientists will soon be inscribed on the Parisian monument|url=https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/news/in-paris/articles/340564-eiffel-tower-list-of-72-women-scientists-soon-to-be-honored-on-the-paris-landmark|accessdate=2026-02-05|work=www.sortiraparis.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Les noms des 72 femmes pour la Tour Eiffel ont été révélés.|url=https://www.femmesetsciences.fr/news/les-noms-des-72-femmes-pour-la-tour-eiffel-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-r%C3%A9v%C3%A9l%C3%A9|accessdate=2026-02-08|work=Femmes &amp; Sciences|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Germain na ozizi nke elasticity kwadoro ngụkọta e ji wuo ụlọ elu ahụ mana aha ya esoghị na ndepụta mbụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.[67]

== Germain na omenala a ma ama ==
N'ọrụ akụkọ ifo &quot;The Last Theorem&quot; nke Arthur C. Clarke na Frederik Pohl, a na-ekwu na Sophie Germain bụ onye na-akpali onye isi, Ranjit Subramanian, iji dozie Fermat's Last Theorem.

Egwú banyere ndụ Sophie Germain, nke akpọrọ The Limit, nke Freya Catrin Smith na Jack Williams dere, gosipụtara na VAULT Festival na [[London]], 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Merow|first=Sophia D.|date=September 2019|title=One Spark Is All You Need: Germain Gets the Hamilton Treatment|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/201908/rnoti-p1309.pdf|journal=Notices of the American Mathematical Society|volume=66|issue=8|pages=1309–1311}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Limit – Vault Festival {{!}} Musical Theatre Review|url=https://musicaltheatrereview.com/the-limit-vault-festival/|accessdate=2026-01-12|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ezo aka na Sophie Germain na Season 1 Episode 3 nke 2025 British miniseries Prime Target. Akwụkwọ ọbá akwụkwọ akpọrọ Sophie Germain: The Unsolved Riddle (ọ dịghị akwụkwọ dị otú ahụ) na-eje ozi dị ka &quot; igbe ozi&quot; maka onye nwere ọgụgụ isi, onye nwụrụ anwụ na-ekwu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ aha ya bụ Safiya Zamil ka o nyefee onye na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ọdịnihu akwụkwọ ozi e ji aka dee na nchọta ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ yiri nke ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prime Target{{Snd}}Season 1 Episode 3 Recap {{&amp;}} Review|author=Wheeler|first=Greg|date=29 January 2025|url=https://www.thereviewgeek.com/primetarget-s1e3review/|work=The Review Geek}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ihe akaebe nke Fermat's Last Theorem maka ndị na-akọwa ihe ụfọdụ
* Sophie Germain Counter Mode
* Sophie Germain bụ onye mbụ
* Ihe nrite Sophie Germain
* Echiche Sophie Germain
* Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị
* Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na mgbakọ na mwepụ

== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ==
{{Reflist}}

== Edensibia ==
 

* bipụtara ọzọ dị ka Bell, Eric Temple (1986). Ndị ikom nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. Simon na Schuster. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-671-62818-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;.{{Cite book|author=Bell|first=Eric Temple|authorlink=Eric Temple Bell|title=Men of Mathematics|year=1937|publisher=Simon and Schuster}}{{Cite book|author=Bell|first=Eric Temple|title=Men of Mathematics|year=1986|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=0-671-62818-6}}
* Bucciarelli, Louis L; Dworsky, Nancy (1980). Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity, D. Reidel:Holland   
* {{Cite book|author=Case|first=Bettye Anne|title=Complexities: Women in Mathematics|year=2005|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-11462-5}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Cipra|first=Barry A.|authorlink=Barry A. Cipra|title=A Woman Who Counted|journal=Science|year=2008|volume=319|issue=5865|doi=10.1126/science.319.5865.899a|pmid=18276866}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Del Centina|first=Andrea|title=Letters of Sophie Germain preserved in Florence|journal=Historia Mathematica|year=2005|volume=32|issue=1|pages=60–75|doi=10.1016/j.hm.2003.11.001}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Del Centina|first=Andrea|title=Unpublished manuscripts of Sophie Germain and a revaluation of her work on Fermat's Last Theorem|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|year=2008|volume=62|issue=4|pages=349–392|doi=10.1007/s00407-007-0016-4}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Del Centina|first=Andrea|doi=10.1007/s00407-012-0105-x|issue=6|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|pages=585–700|title=The correspondence between Sophie Germain and Carl Friedrich Gauss|volume=66|year=2012}}
* E bipụtaghachiri ya dị ka {{Cite book|author=Dickson|first=Leonard Eugene|authorlink=Leonard Eugene Dickson|title=History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume II: Diophantine Analysis|year=1919|publisher=Carnegie Institution}}{{Cite book|author=Dickson|first=Leonard Eugene|title=History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume II: Diophantine Analysis|year=2013|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=978-0-486-15460-2}}
* E bipụtaghachiri ya dị ka {{Cite book|author=Dunnington|first=G. Waldo|title=Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science. A study of his life and work|year=1955|publisher=Hafner}}{{Cite book|author=Dunnington|first=G. Waldo|title=Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science|year=2004|publisher=Mathematical Association of America|isbn=978-0-88385-547-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Gray|first=Mary W.|chapter=Sophie Germain|editor=Bettye Anne Case|title=Complexities: Women in Mathematics|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2005|pages=68–75|isbn=0-691-11462-5}}
*  
* {{Cite journal|author=Mackinnon|first=Nick|title=Sophie Germain, or, Was Gauss a feminist?|journal=The Mathematical Gazette|year=1990|volume=74|issue=470|pages=346–351|doi=10.2307/3618130}}
* {{Cite book|author=Moncrief|first=J. William|editor=Barry Max Brandenberger|title=Mathematics, Volume 2: Macmillan Science Library|year=2002|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|isbn=978-0-02-865563-5|chapter=Germain, Sophie}}
* {{Cite book|author=Mozans|first=H. J.|authorlink=John Augustine Zahm|title=Women in Science: With an Introductory Chapter on Women's Long Struggle for Things of the Mind|url=https://archive.org/details/womaninscience00zahmrich|publisher=D. Appleton|year=1913|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womaninscience00zahmrich/page/154 154]–157}}
* {{Cite book|author=Musielak|first=Dora|title=Sophie Germain: Revolutionary Mathematician|edition=2nd|publisher=Springer Biographies|location=Cham|year=2020|isbn=978-3-030-38374-9}}
* {{Cite book|author=Ogilvie|first=Marilyn Bailey|title=Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century: a Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography|year=1990|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-65038-0|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninscience00mari}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Petrovich|first=Vesna Crnjanski|title=Women and the Paris Academy of Sciences|journal=Eighteenth-Century Studies|year=1999|volume=32|issue=3|pages=383–390|doi=10.1353/ecs.1999.0022}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Sampson|first=J. H.|title=Sophie Germain and the Theory of Numbers|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|year=1990|volume=41|issue=2|pages=157–161|doi=10.1007/BF00411862}}
* {{Cite book|editor=Stupuy|title=Œuvres philosophiques de Sophie Germain|publisher=Firmin-Didot|year=1896|edition=2nd|location=Paris|language=French}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Ullmann|first=D.|title=Life and work of E.F.F. Chladni|journal=European Physical Journal ST|year=2007|volume=145|issue=1|pages=25–32|doi=10.1140/epjst/e2007-00145-4}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Waterhouse|first=William C.|authorlink=William C. Waterhouse|title=A counterexample for Germain|journal=American Mathematical Monthly|year=1994|volume=101|issue=2|pages=140–150|doi=10.2307/2324363}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

*  
* Sophie GermainnaUsoro mgbakọ na mwepụ Genealogy Project
* [http://sheroesofhistory.wordpress.com/2014/03/27/badass-wimmin-of-history-presents-sophie-germain/ Sheroes nke akụkọ ihe mere eme; Sophie Germain]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210606100323/https://kids.love.science/grandpa_benny_goes_to_school.html Sophie Germain na akụkọ ihe osise] E debere ya na  Wayback Machine na Kids Love Science project
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba</title>
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      <text bytes="5370" sha1="7grj32wutx23r7p30xg9yhfvp0h0r6g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba''' (a makwaara dịka '''Chioma Rosemary Madumere''' ) bụ onye edemede Naịjirịa, onye mbipụta akwụkwọ, onye ọchụnta ego, na ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara imepụta ihe. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ma bụrụkwa onye isi ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ, mbipụta akwụkwọ, mgbasa ozi, na ọrụ okike dị iche iche ma jee ozi dịka nwunye nke abụọ nke steeti Imo site na 2017 ruo 2019 mgbe ọ lụrụ Prince Ezeakonobi (Eze) Madumere . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 June 2017|title=Madumere picks former beauty queen as new wife – The Guardian Nigeria News|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/madumere-picks-former-beauty-queen-as-new-wife/|accessdate=9 February 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ==
A mụrụ Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba na Jos, Plateau State, ọ bụkwa onye Eluama dị na mpaghara ọchịchị ime obodo Isuikwuato nke steeti Abia.

O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke nka na asụsụ Bekee na akwụkwọ na Mahadum Abia State, Uturu, ma mechaa nweta nzere masta nke nka na nchịkwa ndị omeiwu na Mahadum Benin.

Akwụkwọ edemede agụmakwụkwọ e tinyere n'ebe nchekwa ihe ọmụmụ nke National Institute for Legislative and Democratic Studies (aha onye dere ya bụ Onyekaba, Chioma Rosemary) gbasara mmekọrịta ndị isi omeiwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Study of Legislative-Executive Relations in Nigeria, 8th National Assembly|url=https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/951|accessdate=9 February 2026|work=Nilds|language=en-US|archivedate=6 September 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906132207/https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/951}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gụchara ọzụzụ ọkachamara na njem nlegharị anya na njikwa ọrụ njem site na mmemme ndị metụtara IATA. Ọ gụchara ọzụzụ ụlọ ọrụ na njem na ụgbọ elu ma edepụtara ya na profaịlụ ọkachamara na-egosi ihe nrite na ihe dị iche iche sitere na mmemme ọzụzụ IATA.

== Ọrụ ==
Onyekaba arụọla ọrụ n'ihe gbasara ide ihe, mbipụta, mbipụta, imepụta akara, mmepụta mgbasa ozi, na njikwa azụmaahịa. Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onye isi njikwa/CEO nke Beauty &amp; Brains Foundation Printing Press Nig. Ltd. (BBF Printing Press) na onye guzobere ma ọ bụ onye isi nke ọtụtụ ọrụ metụtara ya, gụnyere Cromstar Nig. Ltd., Cromstar Studio, Crombooks Store, All Times Global Magazine, Chioma's Literary Services, BBF Graphics, BBF Fashion, BBF Beauty Lounge, BBF E‑Shop, BBF Food and Snacks, Chirose Illustrations, ChitheRealtor, na BBF Travels and Tours Ltd. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe ngalaba mbipụta, ọrụ okike, imepụta akara, njem, na ngalaba ndụ.

Ọ rụọla ọrụ dịka onye mbipụta na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''All Times Global Magazine'' ma na-enye ọrụ edemede, ndezi, na mmepụta akwụkwọ site na Chioma's Literary Services.

Onyekaba na-ede uri, akụkọ ifo, na akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo; ọrụ ya na-enyochakarị mmekọrịta, ntachi obi, na ihe ndị dị adị n'etiti mmadụ na ibe ya.

=== Nwunye nke abụọ nke Imo Steeti ===
Mgbe ọ lụrụ Prince Ezeakonobi Madumere, onye jere ozi dịka osote gọvanọ steeti Imo, Onyekaba malitere ọrụ ọha na eze a na-akpọkarị ya Nwanyị nke Abụọ nke steeti Imo n'oge ihe dị ka afọ 2017–2019. A kọrọ akụkọ alụmdi na nwunye ya na ngosipụta ya n'ihu ọha na mgbasa ozi mba na mpaghara. 

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
Onyekaba lụrụ Prince Ezeakonobi Madumere n'afọ 2017; mgbasa ozi mba ahụ kwuru maka alụmdi na nwunye ahụ. Di na nwunye ahụ mụtara ụmụ. Akụkọ mgbasa ozi kwupụtara na a mụrụ nwa nwanyị mgbe alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 June 2017|title=Princess Chioma Madumere And Hubby Welcome Their First Baby, The Nigerian Voice, 17 November 2017|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/259923/exclusive-princess-chioma-madumere-and-hubby-welcome-their.html|accessdate=9 February 2026|work=The Nigerian Voice|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* Site na eriri niile dị n'ime m (abụ), mkpokọta akwụkwọ ndị Africa, 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=With Every Fiber in Me – Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba – Google Books|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books/about/With_Every_Fiber_in_Me.html?id=7140EQAAQBAJ|accessdate=9 February 2026|work=[[Google Books]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ndị nwunye na-eme maka ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo, ụmụ ọkụkọ na-eme maka ụbọchị kacha mma (aha ya dị na ndepụta ịntanetị). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wives Are For Rainy Days Side Chicks Are For Best Days by Chioma Madumere|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/655350890/Wives-Are-for-Rainy-Days-Side-Chicks-Are-for-Best-Days-by-Chioma-Madumere|accessdate=9 February 2026|work=[[Scribd]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Aha ndị ọzọ e dere na profaịlụ ndị mbipụta na ndị edemede gụnyere Silent Tears, Wellspring of Emotions, More Serious than Tears, na August Lust.

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta ụmụnwaanyị mbụ nke steeti Naịjirịa

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>E. Tendayi Achiume</title>
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      <text bytes="13428" sha1="5mjcu4wkgk2t8m61kd1nu5cmxvsxopc" xml:space="preserve">'''E. Tendayi Achiume''' bụ Prọfesọ nke Iwu na Mahadum Stanford, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=School|first=Stanford Law|title=E. Tendayi Achiume|url=https://law.stanford.edu/e-tendayi-achiume/|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=Stanford Law School|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye bụbu onye isi ngalaba nke Promise Institute for Human Rights na Mahadim California, Los Angeles.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu gbasara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na enweghị ndidi yiri ya site na nhọpụta ya na Septemba 2017 ruo Nọvemba 2022. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara n'ọkwa a kemgbe e guzobere ya na 1993.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Achiume na [[Zambia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=UCLA law school assistant professor appointed to UN Human Rights Council|url=https://dailybruin.com/2017/10/11/ucla-law-school-assistant-professor-appointed-to-un-human-rights-council/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=Daily Bruin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na-etolite, Achiume nwere onye nkuzi physics na-akpali akpali, ma buru ụzọ chee echiche ọrụ na physics na injinia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-24|title=Emerging Scholar Profile: Achiume Combats Intolerance Internationally|url=https://diverseeducation.com/article/108775/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=Diverse|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara United World College of the Atlantic na Wales, ebe o bu ụzọ nwee mmasị na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tendayi Achiume|url=https://www.uwcatlantic.org/alumni-story/tendayi-achiume|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=UWC Atlantic College|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Achiume nwetara akara ugo mmụta mahadum ya na Mahadum Yale. Ọ kwagara na Yale Law School maka Dọkịta Juris ya, ebe o nwetakwara asambodo na Development Studies..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=E. Tendayi Achiume '08 Named United Nations Special Rapporteur on Racism, Intolerance|url=https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/e-tendayi-achiume-08-named-united-nations-special-rapporteur-racism-intolerance|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=law.yale.edu|date=29 September 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọzụzụ ya, ọ bụ ọkachamara na mbata mba ụwa na ikike ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; O nwere mmasị karịsịa na mmetọ ikike mmadụ megide ndị [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwean]] gbara ọsọ ndụ na-achọ ebe mgbaba na South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya, Achiume kwagara South Africa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ iwu maka Dikgang Moseneke na Justice [[Yvonne Mokgoro]] na Ụlọikpe Iwu nke South Africa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Madsen|first=Mikael Rask|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12hiDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=e.+Tendayi+Achiume+dikgang+moseneke&amp;pg=PT14|title=International Court Authority|date=2018-06-28|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-251504-9|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=E. Tendayi Achiume {{!}} The New Humanitarian|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/authors/e-tendayi-achiume|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=www.thenewhumanitarian.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha na ọrụ ==
N'ịgbaso ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ iwu, e nyere ya Bernstein International Human Rights fellowship iji sonye na ọrụ ikike ndị mbịarambịa na Johannesburg's Lawyers for Human Rights . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tendayi Achiume – ACMS|url=http://www.migration.org.za/tendayi-achiume/|accessdate=2020-06-04|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.migration.org.za/tendayi-achiume/ &quot;Tendayi Achiume – ACMS&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-06-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2014, Achiume sonyeere ngalaba na [[Los Angeles]]&quot;&gt;Mahadum California, Los Angeles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UCLA Law Magazine Fall 2014|url=https://issuu.com/uclalaw/docs/fall_2014_magazine_web/43|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=Issuu|date=October 2014|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na UCLA, Achiume na-eduga International Human Rights Clinic, mmemme nke na-akụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ikike mmadụ mba ụwa site na ọrụ ahụike. Ọrụ ndị Achiume duziri gụnyere inye nkwado iwu maka Ụmụ amaala Amerịka, iwu iwu na Los Angeles na ụmụ nwanyị a tụrụ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Courses Page|url=https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/e-tendayi-achiume/law-717/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=law.ucla.edu|archivedate=2020-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604223448/https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/e-tendayi-achiume/law-717/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme ahụ, Achiume na Dignity na Power Now rụkọtara ọrụ, otu nzukọ dị na Los Angeles nke na-achọ ịkwado ndị nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ezinụlọ ha. Ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya lere anya na mmebi iwu megide ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara na-arịa ọrịa uche. O gosipụtara na a na-egbochi ụmụ nwanyị ndị a mgbe niile nkwado ahụike ma ọ bụ nke uche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Students of UCLA Laws Intl Human Rights Clinic Prepare Report LA Jails|url=https://law.ucla.edu/news-and-events/in-the-news/2015/09/Students-of-UCLA-Laws-International-Human-Rights-Clinic-Prepare-Report-on-Abuses-Against-Women-of-Color-in-Los-Angeles-County-Jails/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=law.ucla.edu|archivedate=2020-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604232355/https://law.ucla.edu/news-and-events/in-the-news/2015/09/Students-of-UCLA-Laws-International-Human-Rights-Clinic-Prepare-Report-on-Abuses-Against-Women-of-Color-in-Los-Angeles-County-Jails/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke nzukọ kwa afọ nke American Society of International Law na 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ACHIUME E. Tendayi|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-commission-against-racism-and-intolerance/speakers-25th-anniversary-conference/-/asset_publisher/gpKt7YvAt4f1/content/e-tendayi-achiume|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI)|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Achiume na Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere UN maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè Agbụrụ, Xenophobia na Nnwere Onwe Ndị Jikọrọ Aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Achiume Bio|url=https://www.jeanvnelson35.org/achiume|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=Jean v Nelson at 35|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

In 2018 Achiume visited the [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] to study the prevalence of race crimes and how they were being exacerbated by Brexit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OHCHR {{!}} End of Mission Statement of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance at the Conclusion of Her Mission to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|url=https://ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23073&amp;LangID=E|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=ohchr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-11|title=UK has seen 'Brexit-related' growth in racism, says UN representative|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/may/11/uk-has-seen-brexit-related-growth-in-racism-says-un-representative|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her verdict was that the Home Office hostile environment policy had &quot;entrenched racism&quot; across the United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-15|title=Austerity measures and hostile environment 'entrenching racism' in UK, says UN|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/austerity-racism-hostile-environment-xenophobia-un-report-rapporteur-immigration-bame-a8959866.html|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She encouraged the Government of the United Kingdom to evaluate its policies on discrimination and to investigate the criminalisation of young Black men.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=OHCHR {{!}} UN rights expert hails UK for anti-racism action but raises serious concerns over Immigration Policy, Prevent programme and Brexit|url=https://ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23074&amp;LangID=E|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=ohchr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Achiume identified that the anti-foreigner rhetoric that developed during the Leave.EU campaign was permeating society, and that austerity measures were disproportionately impacting communities of colour.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; In particular, she pointed out that &quot;hateful and stigmatising discourse had become 'normalised' – even involving some high-ranking officials&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-11|title=UN expert warns of 'stark increase' in hate crimes across UK, post-Brexit vote|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/05/1009542|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=UN News|language=en|archivedate=2020-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604232621/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/05/1009542}}&lt;/ref&gt; This visit was documented in her first report to the United Nations General Assembly, in which she concluded that &quot;ethnonationalist populism&quot; posed a considerable threat to racial equality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A/73/305 - E - A/73/305|url=https://undocs.org/en/A/73/305|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=undocs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, she benefited of the support of UCLA which received to this end a grant from the Ford Foundation, especially for research about raising issues from the Global South. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/our-grants/awarded-grants/awarded-grant/core-support-to-the-united-nations-special-rapporteur-on-contemporary-forms-of-racism-racial-discrim/132505|title=Core support to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance to conduct consultations and research on emerging issues from the Global South / Ford Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Achiume nyochara ịrị elu nke Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na xenophobia nke gbasara na SARS-CoV-2 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-29|title=A Conversation With U.N. Special Rapporteur E. Tendayi Achiume: COVID-19, Racism, and Xenophobia|url=https://www.justsecurity.org/70410/a-conversation-with-u-n-special-rapporteur-e-tendayi-achiume-covid-19-racism-and-xenophobia/|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=Just Security|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Karịsịa, o kwuru na ndị a na-eche na ha bụ ndị China ma ọ bụ ndị si n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na-emetụta mwakpo xenophobic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=UN expert hits out at COVID-19 xenophobia|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/un-expert-hits-out-at-covid-19-xenophobia/1776554|accessdate=2020-06-04|work=www.aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Achiume mesiri ike mkpa maka agụmakwụkwọ iji lụso ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ọgụ, nakwa na ịkpa ókè megide agbụrụ na ndị mba ọzọ kwesịrị ịghọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Na Ọktoba 4, 2023, a mara ọkwa na e nyere Achiume onyinye MacArthur Fellowship maka ọrụ ya &quot;ịgbanwe echiche ntọala nke iwu mba ụwa na njikọ nke ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ na mbugharị ụwa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=E. Tendayi Achiume|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-2023/e-tendayi-achiume|accessdate=2024-07-03|work=www.macfound.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2023, Achiume bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi nye Joe Biden katọrọ ogbunigwe Izrel na mgbochi siri ike nke Gaza ma kpọọ oku ka e kwụsị agha ozugbo. Ndị ọkà mmụta iwu sitere na ụfọdụ ngalaba iwu kacha ewu ewu na United States bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ozi a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=US legal scholars urge Biden to seek immediate ceasefire from Israel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/17/letter-biden-israel-ceasefire-legal-scholars|accessdate=17 October 2023|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=17 October 2023|author=Tait|first=Robert}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Legal Scholars Demand Withdrawal of US Support for Attacks on Gaza|url=https://legalscholarceasefire.org/|accessdate=17 October 2023|work=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* {{Cite web|author=Achiume|first=E. Tendayi|date=2016-06-12|title=Syria, Cost-sharing, and the Responsibility to Protect Refugees|publisher=[[UCLA]]: International Institute|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p87x1mt|language=en}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Achiume|first=Tendayi|date=2013-07-16|title=Beyond Prejudice: Structural Xenophobic Discrimination Against Refugees|journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law|volume=45|issue=3|pages=323–381|language=en}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Achiume|first=E. Tendayi|date=2019-06-01|title=Migration as Decolonization|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8m83b98j|journal=[[Stanford Law Review]]|language=en|volume=71|issue=6|pages=1509–1574|issn=0038-9765}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Achiume|first=E. Tendayi|date=2017|title=Reimagining International Law for Global Migration: Migration as Decolonization?|journal=AJIL Unbound|language=en|volume=111|pages=142–146|doi=10.1017/aju.2017.48|issn=2398-7723}}

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Iskandar Muda</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Iskandar_Muda,_potret_pada_2_April_2026.jpg|Iskandar_Muda,_potret_pada_2_April_2026.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No ticket permission since 14 April 2026.</comment>
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      <text bytes="1727" sha1="6drrxtab37wzto5x61ghadryowzem3a" xml:space="preserve">'''Iskandar Muda''' (ihe dị ka 1583&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar724698 World Book article]{{dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, accessed 4 January 2007&lt;/ref&gt;–27 Disemba 1636&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar724698 World Book article]{{dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, accessed 4 January 2007&lt;/ref&gt;) bụ Sultan nke iri na abụọ nke Aceh Darussalam. N'okpuru ọchịchị ya, alaeze ahụ ruru ókèala ya kacha ibu, ghọrọ ike agha kacha ike na mba kacha baa ọgaranya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Indonesia na Oké Osimiri Malacca.

&quot;Iskandar Muda&quot; pụtara n'eziokwu &quot;Alexander nta,&quot; a na-atụnyere mmeri ọ meriri na nke Alexander the Great.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yusra&quot;&gt;Yusra Habib Abdul Gani, [http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm Sultan Iskandar Muda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929214406/http://www.asnlf.net/asnlf_int/acheh/history/rulersofacheh/iskandarmuda/sultan_iskandar_muda.htm|date=29 September 2007}}, accessed on 4 January 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Ewezuga mmeri ya ama ama, n'oge ọchịchị ya, Aceh ghọrọ etiti ọmụmụ Islam mba ụwa na azụmahịa. Ọ bụ Sultan Aceh ikpeazụ bụ onye nwoke so n'ọgbọ ozugbo si n'aka Ali Mughayat Shah, onye guzobere Alaeze Aceh. Ọnwụ Iskandar Muda kpụchiri agbụrụ Meukuta Alam, agbụrụ guzobere Alaeze Aceh, ma dochie ya agbụrụ ọzọ.
[[Faịlụ:Letter_to_James_I_from_Sultan_Iskandar_Muda_of_Aceh_in_1615.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Iskandar Muda degaara James nke Mbụ nke England na 1615]]

== Ihe odide ==</text>
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'''Christian Omeruo''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Christian Omeruo.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 13 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu Nigeria Premier League na Nigeria U-20.

BỌ bụ nwanne nwoke nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ Kenneth Omeruo na [[Lucky Omeruo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/nnl-kwara-united-whip-fc-zamfara/|title=NNL: Kwara United whip FC Zamfara|work=The Eagle Online|first=Popoola|author=Babalola|date=24 July 2016|accessdate=8 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Omeruo bụ onye ọkpọ ụkwụ abụọ nke Karamone chọtara ya. Ọ malitere mpụta egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara ya na COD United FC. na oge 2012/13, emesia bịanyere aka na ya maka Sunshine Stars FC[[Sunshine Stars F.C.|.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafootball.com/playerInfo,331,Christian-Omeruo|title=Profile of Christian Omeruo|accessdate=2017-02-24|archivedate=2017-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224222336/http://www.nigeriafootball.com/playerInfo,331,Christian-Omeruo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ma na-egwuri egwu n'etiti afọ 2013 na 2015 Nigeria Premier League oge n'ihi nnukwu ọrụ ya maka COD United, Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na Kwara United FC. na asọmpi 2015/16. Akpọrọ ya òkù na Nigeria U-20 na 2012 wee mee egwuregwu 12 na ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ maka ndị otu mba na egwuregwu enyi, asọmpi asọmpi na egwuregwu qualifier. Ọ nọ na njedebe isonyere ụfọdụ ndị otu Asia, North Africa na European mana ego mbufe Sunshine Stars dị oke ọnụ maka na ọ bụ onye agba bọọlụ gbagoro n'otu egwuregwu ahụ ma na-eduga onye kacha agba bọọlụ n'asọmpi.  O nyere ndị otu ya ọkpụ goolu abụọ na otu goolu dịka otu n'ime ha bụ ndị Kano Pillars. 

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170224221745/http://www.nigeriafootball.com/playerInfo,331,Christian-Omeruo- Christian Omeruo Profile] E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
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Cyriel Kolawole Dessers (amụrụ na Disemba 8 n'afọ 1994) bụ ọkachamara n'ịgba bọọlụ, onye na-agba bọọlụ n'ihu dịka onye na-akwado ndị otu egwuregwu Greek Super League Panathinaikos. A mụrụ ya na Belgium, ọ na-agba bọọlụ n'òtù egwuregwu mba Naijiria.

Dessers ejirila ọtụtụ n'ime oge ọrụ ya na klọb bọọlụ Belgium na Dutch. Ọ bụ onye kacha enye goolu n'egwuregwu Eredivisie n'oge afọ 2019–20, mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu maka Heracles Almelo. Ọ bụ onye kacha enye goolu n'asọmpi UEFA Europa Conference League nke afọ 2021–22, a kpọkwara ya aha n'òtù egwuregwu nke oge a, mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu maka Feyenoord.

Ndị na-egwu egwuregwu Dessers ruru eru ịgba bọọlụ maka Naịjirịa n'ọkwa mba ụwa n'ihi nne ya nke Naịjirịa. Ọ gbara asọmpi mbụ ya na mba ofesi n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2020.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== OH Leuven ===
Dessers sonyeere usoro ntorobịa nke OH Leuven site na Tongeren mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 n'afọ 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;leuvenyouth&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ad.nl/buitenlands-voetbal/dessers-maakt-in-oostenrijk-debuut-voor-nationale-ploeg-nigeria~ae9530b9/|title=Dessers maakt in Oostenrijk debuut voor nationale ploeg Nigeria|work=ad.nl|date=14 October 2020|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na mbụ maka FC De Zwaluw Vechmaal, Union FC Rutten na Sint-Truiden . &lt;ref name=&quot;rbfa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://static.rbfa.be/project/publiek/jrinteren/speler_PH_6568.htm#itop|title=Cyriel Dessers|work=rbfa.be|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ịmụ iwu na mahadum ( KU Leuven ) mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu maka ndị otu ntorobịa nke OH Leuven. &lt;ref name=&quot;leuvenyouth&quot; /&gt; N'oge oge afọ 2013–14, Dessers pụtara ìhè maka ndị otu egwuregwu OH Leuven na-erubeghị afọ 19 na ndị otu nchekwa, na-enye goolu 21 na egwuregwu nchekwa 21 ka ọ na-erule Machị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20140312_01022357|title='Ik leer in ijltempo bij'|work=nieuwsblad.be|date=13 March 2014|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe OHL nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịda mba na ọtụtụ ndị na-eti bọọlụ n'otu mbụ ma ahụ adịghị ha mma, merụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụrụ, enyere ya nkeji mbụ ya na otu mbụ na mmeri 3-2 n'èzí megide Mons . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ohl.be/heren/seizoen/wedstrijden/verslag/6361|title=Jupiler Pro League - 30e speeldag: RAEC Mons - Oud-Heverlee Leuven 3 - 2|language=Dutch|date=16 March 2014|publisher=ohl.be|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lokeren ===
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014, Dessers bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Lokeren.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sporza.be/permalink/1.1928716|title=Lokeren signs young striker from OHL|language=Dutch|date=2 April 2014|publisher=sporza.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== NAC Breda ===
Na Julaị n'afọ 2016, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Eerste Divisie NAC Breda na nkwekọrịta ruo n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/2328567/sporting-lokeren-spits-cyriel-dessers-21-tekent-voor-3-jaar-bij-nac|title=Sporting Lokeren-spits Cyriel Dessers (21) tekent voor 3 jaar bij NAC|work=omroepbrabant.nl|date=7 July 2016|accessdate=5 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 28 Mee n'afọ 2017, a kwalitere ha na Eredivisie mgbe ha meriri NEC 4-1, nke Dessers gbara goolu atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2175441-nec-degradeert-na-forse-nederlaag-tegen-nac|title=NEC degradeert na forse nederlaag tegen NAC|work=nos.nl|date=28 May 2017|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ji goolu iri abụọ na itoolu n'egwuregwu iri anọ mechie oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/62493695|title=Cyriel Dessers: Cremonese sign Nigeria forward from Genk|work=BBC Sport|date=10 August 2022|accessdate=5 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Metall-Lokeren_(6).jpg|thumb|Dessers na Lokeren n'afọ 2014]]

=== FC Utrecht ===
N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2017, Dessers kwagara na FC Utrecht, kwenyere na nkwekọrịta maka afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka otu afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FC Utrecht hengelt Dessers binnen|url=https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/1873634/utrecht-hengelt-dessers-binnen|work=1 June 2018|accessdate=3 July 2018|language=Dutch|archivedate=4 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704035139/https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/1873634/utrecht-hengelt-dessers-binnen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Heracles Almelo ===
Dessers sonyeere Heracles Almelo na July n'afọ 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/sport/41117930/dessers-verruilt-utrecht-voor-heracles|title=Dessers verruilt Utrecht voor Heracles|work=telegraaf.nl|date=8 July 2019|accessdate=5 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mgbe agbanyụrụ oge Eredivisie nke afọ 2019–20, e nyere ya onyinye kachasị nye goolu na Steven Berghuis, ya na onye ọ bụla nyere goolu iri na ise bụ 15.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.elfvoetbal.nl/Binnenland/279439/interview-cyriel-dessers-of-ik-jaloers-ben-op-steven-berghuis-ja|title=INTERVIEW CYRIEL DESSERS: &quot;OF IK JALOERS BEN OP STEVEN BERGHUIS? JA&quot;|work=elfvoetbal.nl|date=26 June 2020|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Genk na mgbazinye ego na Feyenoord ===
Na 30 Juun afọ 2020, Dessers kwagara Genk na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/3939/cyriel-dessers-nu-ben-ik-waar-ik-wil-zijn|title=Cyriel Dessers: &quot;Nu ben ik waar ik wil zijn.&quot; &amp;#124; KRC Genk|first=Sanmax|author=Projects|work=krcgenk.be|publisher=K.R.C. Genk|date=30 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2021, Dessers laghachiri na Netherlands iji sonyere Feyenoord na mbinye ego yana nhọrọ ịzụta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/4371/cyriel-dessers-verhuurd-aan-feyenoord|title=Cyriel Dessers verhuurd aan Feyenoord|work=krcgenk.be|publisher=K.R.C. Genk|language=Dutch|date=31 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyere goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 19 Septemba, wee nye goolu nke anọ nke Feyenoord na mmeri 4-0 megide PSV n'èzí.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vi.nl/nieuws/feyenoord-vernedert-onmachtig-psv-in-eindhoven|title=Feyenoord vernedert onmachtig PSV in Eindhoven|work=vi.nl|publisher=Voetbal International|language=Dutch|date=19 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dessers mechara oge a dị ka onye kacha enye goolu na UEFA Europa Conference League site na goolu iri na egwuregwu iri na abụọ, a họpụtakwara ya na otu UEFA Europa Conference League nke Oge a. N'ozuzu, Dessers nyere goolu iri abụọ maka Feyenoord na egwuregwu iri anọ na otu n'oge oge afọ 2021-22.

Na 1 Juun afọ 2022, Feyenoord kwupụtara na ha ahọrọla ịghara iji nhọrọ ịzụta nkwekọrịta Dessers mee ihe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.feyenoord.com/news/overview/feyenoord-decide-against-taking-up-dessers-option|title=Feyenoord decide against taking up Dessers option|work=feyenoord.com|date=1 June 2022|accessdate=6 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cremonese ===
Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2022, Dessers bịanyere aka na klọb Cremonese nke mba Ịtali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Cremonese|url=https://www.uscremonese.it/dessers-nuovo-calciatore-della-cremonese/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810174725/https://www.uscremonese.it/dessers-nuovo-calciatore-della-cremonese/|archivedate=10 August 2022|title=DESSERS NUOVO CALCIATORE DELLA CREMONESE|date=10 August 2022|accessdate=15 August 2022|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dessers gbara goolu asaa maka Cremonese n'ime egwuregwu iri abụọ na itoolu. Cremonese mechara nọrọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri na itoolu na tebụl Serie A ma wedata ha na Serie B.

=== Ndị Ranger ===

==== Oge 2023-24 ====
Na 6 Julaị afọ 2023, Dessers sonyeere klọb Scottish Premiership Rangers maka ego a na-akọwaghị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66095219|title=Scottish Gossip: Dessers, Bassey, Abada, Danilo, Matondo, Siegrist, Doig, Doidge, Levitt, Silvera|date=4 July 2023|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66066832|title=Cyriel Dessers: Rangers sign Nigeria striker from Cremonese for undisclosed fee|date=6 July 2023|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 5 Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, malite na mmeri 1-0 na Kilmarnock.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66194509|title=Kilmarnock 1-0 Rangers|work=BBC Sport|date=5 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, Dessers gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Rangers, megide klọb Switzerland Servette na asọmpi Champions League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66441834|title=Rangers 2–1 Servette|work=BBC Sport|date=9 August 2023|accessdate=13 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Eprel n'afọ 2024, Dessers gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ megide Heart of Midlothian iji ziga Rangers na asọmpi ikpeazụ nke Scottish Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rangers beat Hearts to set up final with Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68790408|accessdate=2024-04-22|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Dessers gbara goolu mmeri ọzọ megide St Mirren.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=St Mirren vs Rangers Match Report|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/st-mirren-vs-rangers/report/504747|accessdate=|work=Sky Sports|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye njikwa ya bụ Philip Clement toro arụmọrụ Dessers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=St Mirren vs Rangers Match Report|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/philippe-clement-lauds-rangers-duo-140030069.html|accessdate=|work=Yahoo Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe egwuregwu a gasịrị, Dessers gbara goolu nke iri abụọ na otu n'oge ahụ n'egwuregwu ya na Celtic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dessers Scores Again|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/dessers-scores-again-but-rangers-lose-old-firm-derby/|accessdate=|work=Score Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke oge ahụ sitere na isi megide Dundee na Ibrox stadium na enyemaka maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ site n'aka onye otu ya bụ Todd Cantwell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rangers Dundee Review|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/rangers-vs-dundee/report/504760|accessdate=|work=Sky Sports|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Oge 2024-25 ====
Mgbe o nyechara goolu abụọ n'asọmpi ahụ megide Ross County, onye njikwa Rangers bụ Philippe Clement toro arụmọrụ Dessers, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;O doro anya na [Dessers] na-eme ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ma na-aghọwanye ihe dị mkpa. Ọ na-eto dịka onye ọkpụkpọ, nke ahụ bụ ihe anyị chọrọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rangers vs Ross County: Scottish Premiership|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cgedr7qjej0t|date=24 August 2024|accessdate=26 January 2025|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị n'afọ 2025, Dessers gbara hat-trick na Rangers nke anọ Scottish Cup tie megide Fraserburgh ma mechaa egwuregwu ahụ dị ka onyeisi ndị otu na-anọghị James Tavernier na Jack Butland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rangers vs Fraserburgh: Scottish Cup|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c3w8qwlv498t|date=19 January 2025|accessdate=26 January 2025|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, n'egwuregwu Europa League megide Manchester United, ọ gbara Rangers na mmeri 2-1 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United vs Rangers: UEFA Europa League|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c1m5nggvdv0t|date=23 January 2025|accessdate=29 January 2025|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Machị n'afọ 2025 na egwuregwu mbụ n'okpuru Barry Ferguson na Europe, Rangers meriri Fenerbahçe 3-1 n'ụlọ, Dessers nwetara otuto mgbe ọ gbasịrị ma nyere aka, ebe ọ na-enwekwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ a na-achịkwa n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-03-06|title=Fenerbahce 1-3 Rangers: 'Cyriel Dessers leads way for weirdest Ibrox team ever'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cpv40823newo|accessdate=2025-03-07|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Panathinaikos ===
Na 1 Septemba n'afọ 2025, Desseres sonyeere klọb ndị Grik Panathinaikos na mbufe na-adịgide adịgide maka ego a kọrọ na ọ bụ £ 3.5m.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/cyriel-dessers-signs-for-panathinaikos/7jWqXgeABh6RIktvN1usZU|title=Cyriel Dessers signs for Panathinaikos|work=Rangers FC|publisher=rangers.co.uk|date=1 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mụrụ Dessers na Belgium site n'aka nna ya bụ onye Belgium na nne ya bụ onye Naịjirịa, Dessers họọrọ ịnọchite anya Naịjirịa n'ọkwa mba ụwa na Disemba 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50672668|title=Cyriel Dessers: Dutch league's leading scorer opts for Nigeria|work=BBC Sport|date=5 December 2019|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido ọrụ ya, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu mba Belgium n'okpuru afọ 21 maka egwuregwu megide Moldova, mana ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị eme ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hln.be/voetbal/cyriel-dessers-debuteert-voor-nigeria-hoogtepunt-in-mijn-carriere~a4802586d/|title=Cyriel Dessers debuteert voor Nigeria: &quot;Hoogtepunt in mijn carrière&quot;|work=hln.be|date=14 October 2020|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2020, onye isi nchịkwa Naijiria bụ Gernot Rohr kpọrọ ya dịka otu n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu a kpọrọ maka asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Sierra Leone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oludare|first=Shina|title=Dessers &amp; Ehizibue earn Nigeria call-ups as Leicester City's Iheanacho returns|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/dessers-ehizibue-earn-nigeria-call-ups-as-leicester-citys/lkki45ajc3vv1wd6zchkmypqh|date=4 March 2020|work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dessers malitere na egwuregwu enyi na enyi 1-1 draw na Tunisia na 13 Ọktoba n'afọ 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/13/world/friendlies/nigeria/tunisia/3365308/|title=Nigeria vs. Tunisia|work=Soccerway|date=13 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Maachị n'afọ 2024, a kpọrọ Dessers ka ọ bịa soro ndị otu Naịjirịa gbaa bọọlụ megide Ghana na Mali, ebe Dessers nyere goolu n'egwuregwu Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/700491/ghana-nigeria|title=Nigeria vs. Ghana|work=ESPN|date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee n'afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Dessers ọzọ ka ọ bịa soro ndị otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko Unity Cup n'etiti Ghana na Jamaica ma ọ bụ Trinidad na Tobago. N'egwuregwu mbụ megide Ghana, o nyere goolu mbụ megide Ghana maka oge nke abụọ n'usoro megide ha mgbe Sodiq Ismaila tinyere ya n'ime nkeji iri na anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=28 May 2025|title=Unity Cup: Dessers scores as S’Eagles beat Ghana 2-1 in London|url=https://www.punchng.com/unity-cup-dessers-scores-as-seagles-lead-ghana-2-0-at-halftime-in-london/|accessdate=May 28, 2025|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 11, n'afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Dessers ka ọ bịa sonye n'òtù ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|match played 14 December 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;wf-matches&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Cyriel Dessers » Club matches |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe349817/cyriel-dessers/club-matches/ |website=WorldFootball.net |access-date=1 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|OH Leuven
|2013–14
|Belgian Pro League
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[c]
|0
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Lokeren
|2014–15
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Belgian Pro League
|21
|4
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3[d]
|0
|2[e]
|0
|29
|7
|-
|2015–16
|11
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!32
!4
!3
!3
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!3
!0
!2
!0
!40
!7
|-
|NAC Breda
|2016–17
|Nkewa nke Eerste
|36
|22
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4[f]
|7
|40
|29
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Utrecht
|2017–18
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eredivisie
|29
|9
|2
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5[d]
|1
|3[g]
|0
|39
|12
|-
|2018–19
|11
|3
|2
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4[g]
|2
|17
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!40
!12
!4
!4
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!5
!1
!7
!2
!56
!19
|-
|Heracles Almelo
|2019–20
|Eredivisie
|26
|15
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|18
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Genk
|2020–21
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Belgian Pro League
|32
|7
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|7
|-
|2021–22
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[h]
|1
|1[i]
|0
|6
|1
|-
|2022–23
|3
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!38
!10
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!2
!1
!1
!0
!43
!11
|-
|Feyenoord (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2021–22
|Eredivisie
|27
|9
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13[j]
|10
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|41
|20
|-
|Cremonese
|2022–23
|Usoro A
|26
|6
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ndị Ranger
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Onye isi ala Scotland
|35
|16
|4
|3
|4
|1
|11[k]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|54
|22
|-
|2024–25
|35
|18
|2
|3
|4
|4
|14[l]
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|55
|29
|-
|2025–26
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|4[h]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!73
!34
!6
!6
!8
!5
!29
!7
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!116
!52
|-
|Panathinaikos
|2025–26
|Njikọ Super Gris
|5
|2
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[d]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!302
!113
!24
!19
!8
!5
!53
!19
!15
!9
!402
!165
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 16 December 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;worldfootballnigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe349817/cyriel-dessers/international-matches/ |title=Cyriel Dessers Internationals |website=WorldFootball.net |access-date=7 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2020
|1
|0
|-
|2022
|3
|1
|-
|2024
|2
|1
|-
|2025
|5
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!11
!3
|}
{{updated|match played 28 May 2025}}
:''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Dessers goal.''&lt;ref name=&quot;worldfootballnigeria&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Cyriel Dessers gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Isi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1
|28 Mee 2022
|AT&amp;amp;amp;T Stadium, Arlington, United States
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2
| Mexico
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–1
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–2
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2
|22 Machị 2024
|Ogige Egwuregwu Marrakech, Marrakesh
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |5
| Ghana
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3
|28 Mee 2025
|Brentford Community Stadium, London
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |7
| Ghana
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Daniel Itodo</title>
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'''Daniel James Itodo''' (amụrụ na 14 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1996) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa nke na-agba maka Plateau United, dị ka onye azụ aka ekpe.

== Ọrụ ==
A mụrụ ya na [[Makurdi]], Itodo agbaala bọọlụ maka Celtic, DSS na Plateau United . &lt;ref name=&quot;AOI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2017/01/13/itodo-eyes-more-assists-for-plateau-united-via-long-throws/|title=Itodo eyes more assists for Plateau United via long throws|date=13 January 2017|accessdate=19 July 2018|author=Chijioke Henry|publisher=AOI Football|archivedate=19 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719203346/http://aoifootball.com/2017/01/13/itodo-eyes-more-assists-for-plateau-united-via-long-throws/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere mpụta mbụ ya na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2018.

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==
A maara Itodo maka ogologo oge ọ na-atụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;AOI&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}


[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1216656621|Catherine Lépront]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Catherine Lépront''' (June 1951, Le Creusot - 19 August 2012)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sabine Aaudrerie|title=Catherine Lépront, L'empreinte des rapports humains|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Culture-Loisirs/Culture/Livres/Catherine-Lepront-l-empreinte-des-rapports-humains-_EG_-2012-08-20-844149|accessdate=28 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye France na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na'ede akụkọ mkpirikpi na onye edemede.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Catherine Lépront n'ezinụlọ ndị dọkịta na ndị egwu. Nke mbụ, ọ bụ nọọsụ na-eme ihe n'eziokwu (ahụmịhe ọ kọwara n'akụkọ ya bụ ''Des gens du monde''), ọ bụ onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye ndụmọdụ akwụkwọ maka Éditions Gallimard. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na-ejikọta akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ezinụlọ na akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ncheta nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Agha Indochina, Agha Algeria, ọdachi ndị ọchịchị na nke ụwa ọchịchị aka ike na-eme ka ndị dika ya lekwasị anya n'ọmịiko na njakịrị dị nro. Ọrụ ya niile nwere nkatọ miri emi megide ndi ihu abụọ nke ndị bourgeois, ike ọchịchị na-enweghi ezi uche na nnabata echiche na-enweghi nghota. Ọ na-eme nke ọma n'ịmegharị okwu ọnụ, ebe ọ na-eme ka ịdị omimi nke echiche mmadụ dị n'ime pụta ihè, na-emepụta akụkọ jupụtara na nrụgide uche siri ike, ma na-ewulite ọnọdụ uri na egwu nke mmetụta uche nke na-echeta Virginia Woolf na ụfọdụ ndị odeakwukwo Russia. Egwu, eserese, na ihe okike nka n'ozuzu rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa ebe a. 

== Ọrụ ==

* 1993: ''Un geste en dentelle, Gallimard, 189 p.'' 
* 1995: ''Caspar David Friedrich : des paysages les yeux fermés, Gallimard, Kọl. &quot;L'Art et l'écrivain&quot;, 179 p.'' 
* 1995: ''Josée Bethléem, sochiri Femme seule à l'aquarium, Gallimard, 184 p.'' 
* 1997: ''Namokel, Éditions du Seuil, 361 p.'' 
* 1998: ''Ivoire, Editions Gallimard, kọlụm. &quot; Page blanche [ fr ] &quot;, 46 p.'' 
* 1998: ''L'Affaire du muséum, Editions du Seuil, kọlụm. &quot;Solo&quot;, 123 p.'' 
* 2000: ''Le Cahier de moleskine noire du délateur Mikhaïl, Éditions du Seuil, coll. &quot;Solo&quot;, 139 p.'' 
* 2001: ''Le café Zimmermann, Editions du Seuil, 268 p.'' 
* 2003: ''Des gens du monde, Éditions du Seuil,'' 138 p. 

:: - Prix Goncourt nke akụkọ 1992

* ''1983: Le Tour du domaine, Paris, Gallimard, 182 p.   ''
* ''1983: &quot;Charente-Maritime&quot; ma ọ bụ Les Succès d'un enfant du pays, na Maryannick Togni, Paris, Éditions Gallimard, 123 p.   ''
* ''1984: Une Rumeur , Gallimard, 196 p.   ''
* ''1986: Le Retour de Julie Farnèse, Gallimard, 230 p.   ''
* ''1987: Partie de chasse au bord de la mer, Gallimard, 171 p.   ''
* ''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Ọ bụ otu ugboro&quot;, 283 p.   ''
* ''1989: La Veuve Lucas s'est assise, Gallimard, 179 p.   ''
* ''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Otu na onye ọzọ&quot;, 183 peeji nke   ''
* ''1991: Trois gardiennes, Gallimard, 166 p.''   

:: - Prix Louis-Guilloux 2004

== Ihe odide ==
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'''Annie Laurent''' (amụrụ na June 3, 1949)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11911317v.public|title=Notice de personne|publisher=BNF Catalog|language=fr|accessdate=4 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye France na-ede akụkọ na onye sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 1983, Laurent nwetara nzere masta na iwu mba ụwa, n'afọ 1986, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere doctorate na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Paris II Panthéon-Assas n'okpuru nlekọta nke Pierre-Marie Dupuy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&amp;TRM=041300335&amp;COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,I250,B341720009+,SY,NLECTEUR+WEBOPC,D2.1,Ebbd721d8-0,A,H,R71.227.117.13,FY|title=SUDOC Annie Laurent|publisher=SUDOC|language=fr|accessdate=4 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1980, Laurent na Renée Conan gbara ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-emegide nuklia na Plogoff ajụjụ ọnụ, wee bipụta akwụkwọ ''Femmes de Plogoff'' n'afọ 1981.&lt;ref name=&quot;plog&quot;&gt;/)

N'agbata afọ 1988 na 1992, Laurent dezigharịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Libanoscopie'' na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.capsud-mediterranee.fr/annie-laurent|title=Annie Laurent|publisher=Centre Anthropologique de Provence Sud Méditerranée|language=fr|date=2021|accessdate=20 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Pope Benedict XVI|Popu Benedict nke Iri na Isii]] họpụtara ya dịka ọkachamara na ''Synode spécial des évêques pour le Moyen-Orien''t, nke e mere na Rom n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cath.ch/newsf/17-membres-nommes-par-benoit-xvi-et-70-experts-et-auditeurs/|title=Rome : Le Vatican publie les noms des participants au Synode sur le Moyen-Orient|publisher=Catholic Church Switzerland|language=fr|date=5 October 2010|accessdate=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2009, o guzobere otu Clarifier, otu ndị Katọlik na-eme ntọghata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/A-Lyon-forum-pour-evangeliser-musulmans-questions-2017-02-07-1200823135|title=À Lyon, un forum pour &quot; évangéliser &quot; les musulmans et des questions|work=La Croix|date=7 February 2017|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=Aleteia|url=https://fr.aleteia.org/2015/12/01/lislam-est-fragile/|title=&quot; L'islam est fragile &quot;|author=Sylvain Dorient|date=1 December 2015|accessdate=4 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ Laurent bụ ''L'Europe malade de la Turquie'' bụ onye mmeri nke Prix Henry Malherbe n'afo 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Prix+Henry+Malherbe+de+l%27AEC|title=Prix Henry Malherbe|accessdate=4 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* ''Ụmụ nwanyị nke Plogoff'' (1981)&lt;ref name=&quot;plog&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Renée Conan|title=Femmes de Plogoff|publisher=La Digitale|date=31 January 1981|isbn=978-2-903383-05-3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRenée_ConanAnnie_Laurent1981&quot;&gt;Renée Conan; Annie Laurent (31 January 1981). ''Femmes de Plogoff'' (in French). La Digitale. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-2-903383-05-3|&lt;bdi&gt;978-2-903383-05-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Na-ebi na Islam? : Echiche Ndị Kraịst banyere okpukpe Muhammad'' (1996) 
* ''Europe na-arịa ọrịa nke Turkey'' (2005) 

== Ntụaka ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Pro-feminism</title>
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      <text bytes="21936" sha1="5ql2z1q0vaqxcyjxxgmcecov4n07kh0" xml:space="preserve">'''Pro-feminism''' na-ezo aka na nkwado nke ihe kpatara ụmụ nwanyị n'ekwughị na onye na-akwado ya bụ onye [[Òtù ụmụ nwanyị]]. A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe na-ezo aka na ụmụ nwoke (&quot;ndị inyom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị&quot;) bụ ndị na-akwado '''Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị''' na mbọ ọ na-agba iji weta ịha nhata ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, ọdịbendị, nke onwe, na nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Oxford English Dictionary|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/feminism|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615024201/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/feminism|archivedate=June 15, 2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=18 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọtụtụ mgbe na mpaghara nke ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na ịkwụsị ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị.

Dị ka echiche ụmụ nwanyị nwetara nkwado n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ikom guzobere òtù ndị inyom na 1960, ndị a kewara site na mmasị ha na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke feminism na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Otú ọ dị, ntinye nke ndị ikom dị ka &quot;ụmụ nwanyị&quot; gosipụtara nsogbu nye ụfọdụ. Nye ọtụtụ ndị inyom na ndị ikom, e debere okwu ahụ bụ́ “nwanyị nwanyị” maka ụmụ nwanyị, bụ́ ndị ha lere anya dị ka ndị na-enwe ahaghị nhata na mmegbu ndị inyom na-achọ imezi. Na nzaghachi megide mmegide a, otu dị iche iche chepụtara ma kwado usoro ndị ọzọ dị ka antisexism na pro-feminism.

Ọrụ nke ìgwè ụmụ nwoke na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere ọrụ mgbochi ime ihe ike na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ okorobịa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-enye ọmụmụ ihe mmegbu mmekọahụ n'ebe ọrụ, na-agba ọsọ mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ obodo, na ndụmọdụ maka ndị ikom na-eme ihe ike.

Ụmụ nwoke na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-etinye aka na Ahụike ụmụ nwoke, Ọmụmụ ụmụ nwoke, mmepe nke usoro mmụta nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ. Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado ndị na-emegide ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na-ekere òkè na mmegide megide ihe nkiri na na-akpụ agụụ mmekọahụ gụnyere iwu na-emegidesi ihe nkiri na'akpali agụụ ike. Ọrụ a na-arụkọ ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ na ndị inyom na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na Ebe nsogbu ndina n'ike.

Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;pro-feminist&quot; na-ejikarị ndị nwere nkwenkwe feminist ma ọ bụ ndị na-akwado okwu ụmụ nwanyị, ma ndị na-adịghị ewere onwe ha dị ka ndị inyom. A na-ejikwa ya bụ ndị na-amaghị nke ọma, ma ọ bụ chọrọ ka ndị ọzọ mara, mmegharị nke nwanyị. Ụfọdụ feminists[?] anaghị akpọ ụmụ nwoke &quot;feminists&quot; ma ọlị, ha ga-akpọkwa ndị ikom niile na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị &quot;ụmụ nwanyị,&quot; ọ bụrụgodị na ndị ikom na-akpọ ha &quot;ụmụ nwanyị.&quot; Ndị ọzọ na-akatọ ndị ikom &quot;na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị&quot; ma jụ ịkọwa onwe ha dị ka ndị inyom. Ọtụtụ òtù ndị inyom, karịsịa National Organisation for Women and Feminist Majority Foundation, na-ezo aka na ndị na-akwado nwoke dị ka &quot;ndị inyom&quot; karịa &quot;ụmụ nwanyị.&quot;

== Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị ==
Ụmụ nwoke meghachiri n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche maka ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na mgbanwe ọha na eze na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na United States. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, lee Thomas Wentworth Higginson, ọkachasị edemede ya &quot;Ought Women to learn the Alphabet?,&quot; nke pụtara na Atlantic Monthly (February, 1859). 

Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nabatara echiche ụmụ nwanyị ma na-akwado ịha nhata n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-emegide ụmụ nwanyị &quot;kwupụtara ọchịchọ maka obodo ọdịnala tupu obodo, tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-ejikọta ọnọdụ ndị na-eme ihe ike na nkwenye na ikike nnwere onwe nke oge a&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kimmel1987&quot; /&gt; N'ụzọ bụ isi, site na nkwenye ha na sayensị na ọganihu, ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị kwenyere na &quot;ndị na-eme ntụli aka bụ naanị ngosipụta ihu ọha nke ihe ịma aka ụmụ nwanyị na usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-ejikọta ma ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze&quot; nakwa na n'ikpeazụ ọ ga-abụ nnukwu uru maka ndị America nke nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kimmel1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kimmel|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Kimmel|title=Men's responses to feminism at the turn of the century|journal=[[Gender &amp; Society]]|volume=1|issue=3|pages=261&amp;ndash;283|doi=10.1177/089124387001003003|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ ndị inyom na-ele ụmụ nwoke anya dị ka ndị na-ama ndị nwoke nke oge a na-enwe ọmịiko n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị nọ. Ndị na-ahụ maka nwanyị na-achọ ịbawanye ụda nke ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị na ịkwado maka ngbanwe site na ụmụ nwanyị gaa na ndị nwoke na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ụlọ ọrụ. Ụfọdụ ndị inyom na-arụ ụka na nsonye nke ụmụ nwoke na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị dị mkpa maka ime ka mmegharị ahụ bụrụ nke zuru ụwa ọnụ, na maka mmegharị ahụ ka ọ dị mkpa n'ọdịnihu. Kemgbe ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, ndị inyom ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa etinyewo aka n'ọtụtụ nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere ma ọ bụghị nanị na mgbochi mmeko nwoke na ime ihe ike, yana ịma aka mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na mgbasa ozi. Edekọwo ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na mbipụta, gụnyere, kemgbe 1983, Magazin Voice Voice nke nwoke, nke Rob Okun deziri, onye na-ahụ maka nwanyị ogologo oge.

Marge Piercy (1969) kwuru na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwoke nwere nnwere onwe ga-akwado mgbe ụfọdụ nkwupụta ụmụ nwanyị iji nweta votu, n'agbanyeghị nzụlite na omume a na-enyo enyo.

Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-abụkarị ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ka August Bebel . 

=== Nkwado megide ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ===
Otu akụkụ nke ọrụ nwanyị nke ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na-etinye aka na ya bụ igbochi ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, na ịkwado ndị lanarịrịnụ. Ndị na-akwado ime ihe ike na-arụ ebe nchekwa maka ụmụ nwanyị a na-eti ihe, na-adụ ndị lanarịrịnụ ndụmọdụ, na-emezi ndị na-eme ihe ike, na-eme ka a mara banyere nsogbu ahụ. Ọtụtụ ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-akwado mgbasa ozi mgbochi ime ihe ike na ihe abụọ siri ike: nke mbụ, na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na-emetụta mmadụ niile, n'agbanyeghị okike; na nke abụọ, na e kwesịrị itinye nlebara anya ka ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi na-emepụta ndị na-eme ihe ọjọọ. Ndị na-akwado ime ihe ike enyochala ihe ọdịnala na-ebute ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị.

E guzobere White Ribbon Campaign na nzaghachi maka Massacre nke École Polytechnique na Montreal, Canada. Ebumnuche nke òtù a bụ ịgbasa mmata banyere nsogbu nke ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị site n'ịkụziri ụmụ nwoke banyere nsogbu ahụ.

=== Nkwado megide ndina n'ike ===
Ọ bụ ezie na itinye aka ụmụ nwoke na mmegide ndina n'ike na mkpọsa America ka bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ụfọdụ ụmụ nwoke egosila na ha bụ ndị enyi bara uru n'ọnọdụ ha n'ebe mgbaba, otu nkwado, na ndị otu mmeghachi omume ndina n'ahụ. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nwoke &lt;ref name=&quot;Orton1&quot; /&gt; na-ekwu na mbọ ha na-enwe enweghị ntụkwasị obi na iwe. Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ &lt;ref name=&quot;Orton1&quot; /&gt; banyere ndị na-emegide ndina n'ike na-emetụta ndị ikom na-enwe mmetụta mmetụta mmetụta uche na nke uche na-emetụ n'ahụ ndị e dinara n'ahụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwukarị na iji kwụsị ndina n'ike na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwoke ga-amata nsogbu ndị a, ma ọ bụghị ya, enweghị olileanya maka ịkwụsị ndina n'obi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orton1&quot; /&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ọgụ ndị ikom na-eche ihu dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ha na mmegide ndina n'ike, ọtụtụ ndị ikom na'ịhọrọ ikwu okwu megide ndina n'ime mmadụ na-akọ akụkọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọkachasị na a na-ele ha anya dị ka 'ọ bụghị nwoke. &quot; Mgbanwe nke ụmụ nwoke site na nwoke, nke a na-akọwa ugbu a site n'àgwà ndị dị ka ike, ịchịkwa, ịdabere n'onwe ya, omume nwoke na nwanyị, mgbochi nke ngosipụta mmetụta uche na izere omume ụmụ nwanyị na mba Europe na America &lt;ref name=&quot;Kupers 2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kupers|first=Terry A.|date=June 2005|title=Toxic masculinity as a barrier to mental health treatment in prison|journal=[[Journal of Clinical Psychology]]|volume=61|issue=6|pages=713&amp;ndash;724|doi=10.1002/jclp.20105|pmid=15732090}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwere ike iwepụ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/monitor/2017/02/men-left-behind.aspx|title=The men America left behind|work=American Psychological Association|language=en|accessdate=2017-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwoke   na-ekwu na ọ gwụla ma enwere ike ịkọwa nwoke iji tinye ma nlekọta ụmụ nwanyị na ịbụ ndị nwere nsogbu mmetụta uche dịka ndina n'ike, ụmụ nwoke ga-anọgide na-ezere ime ihe megide ndina n'obi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Funk2&quot; /&gt;

=== Nkwado megide ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ ===
Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị kwenyere na ngosipụta nke mmekọahụ na ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ enyela aka na ịrị elu nke ime ihe ike mmekọahụ, misogyny, na ịnọgide na-enwe enweghị nhata n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Ha na-atụ aro na ime ka omume mmekọahụ nke nwoke na-achịkwa, ime ihe ike, na imebi emebi emeela ka ndị na-eji ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ tinye ime ihe ike na ndụ ha. Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ikwu na omume ndị a na ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na-egosipụta site na mmụba nke ime ihe ike mmekọahụ; yana inye aka n'ime ka omenala ndina n'ike dị mma. Dị ka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nwekwara ike ikwere na ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na-ebelata ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ka ha bụrụ ihe mmekọahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen1&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwenkwe ndị bụ isi ==
Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị &quot;&quot;mgbalị&quot;&quot; dị n'etiti, ebumnuche na ebumnuche nke ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị dị iche iche. Otu ebe nrụọrụ weebụ pro-feministic na-ekwu na n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ bụ:

* ọmịiko maka ụmụ nwanyị na-agba gburugburu nkwenye dị mfe na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị hà nhata ma kwesịkwa imeso ha n'otu; ya bụ, ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị inwe ohere ịnweta ọrụ na mpaghara ndụ ọha na eze dịka ụmụ nwoke na-eme.
* nkwenye siri ike na nke miri emi nke gbanwere akụkụ ọ bụla nke ndụ ha.
* &quot;...ajụjụ siri ike banyere ụdị echiche ọdịnala nke ọdịda anyanwụ, nke ụzọ ndị a si enye ohere maka ụzọ nwoke nke ịdị na ịmara&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;XYFAQ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.xyonline.net/content/frequently-asked-questions-about-pro-feminist-men-and-pro-feminist-mens-politics|title=Frequently asked questions about pro-feminist men and pro-feminist men's politics|accessdate=2009-05-01|author=Flood|first=Michael|date=2002-01-30|work=XYOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwu ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-agbakarị [[ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị]], [[Ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị|ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị]],  enweghị nhata na ịkwụ ụgwọ na nkwalite n'ọrụ, ịzụ Ahịa mmekọahụ, na ikike ụmụ nwanyị na [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|igbochi ọmụmụ]]. Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado ndị na-emegide ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na-emekwa mkpọsa megide ihe nkiri na'akpali agụụ agụụ mmekọahụ.

Ha kwenyere n'ozuzu na:

* women suffer inequalities and injustices in society, while men receive various forms of power and privilege. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
* the current, dominant model of manhood or masculinity is oppressive to women, as well as limiting for men themselves. Pro-feminists believe that men must take responsibility for their own behaviours and attitudes and work to change those of men in general. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
* both personal and social change are vital.

Dị nnọọ ka e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche na nghọtahie n'ime ụmụ nwanyị, e nwere ọdịiche dị iche iche n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ókè ụmụ nwoke na-ejedebe ma ọ bụ na-emerụ ahụ site na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị bụ mpaghara nke enweghị nkwekọrịta. Ụfọdụ ụmụ nwoke [ndị?] na-ekwusi ike na ihe ùgwù a na-enweta site n'ịbụ ụmụ nwoke n'ime ndị nna ochie ma ọ bụ ndị nwoke na-achịkwa, ebe ndị ọzọ [ndị? ] na-ekwusiri ike ụzọ ndị ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị nke ndị nna ochie setịpụrụ na-egbochi ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị.  

Ụfọdụ ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị [onye?] na-ekwu na ndị na-ekwusi ike na nke ikpeazụ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ndị na-azọrọ na, dị ka ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwoke &quot;na-emegbu&quot;, abụghị ndị na-akwado ndị inyom n'ezie ma ọ bụ ndị na-achọghị ụmụ nwanyị nke ọma. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ndị ọzọ [onye?] na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti &quot;ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị&quot; na &quot;ndị nwere nnwere onwe na-akwado ndị inyom&quot;, ma mesie nkwekọrịta na myirịta ha ike.   

Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụkarị mkpa ụdị ikpe na-ezighị ezi ndị ọzọ na ụdị mmekọrịta ọha na eze ndị ọzọ. Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na ọkwá, agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, afọ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ bụ mmetụta dị mkpa na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti na n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.

Ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ọtụtụ okwu ụfọdụ, dị ka ime ihe ike ụmụ nwoke.

=== Ihe odide na echiche ndị mbụ ===
Ihe odide ndị mbụ na US nke ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwoke gosipụtara dị ka ihe ndị bu ụzọ n'echiche ya gụnyere A Book of Readings for Men against Sexism nke Jon Snodgrass, nchịkọta edemede Michael Kimmel na Michael Messner, Men's Lives, na Joseph Pleck's The Myth of Masculinity. Echiche atọ dị mkpa nke ederede ndị a gụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti okike na okike, mmeso nke okike dị ka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ọnọdụ na ndị ikom na-emerụ ahụ site na ọrụ okike. N'ịdabere n'echiche ikpeazụ a, ihe odide ndị ikom na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na ọ bụrụ na emee ka ndị ikom mara ọnọdụ ndị a, ha ga-ahapụ ihe ùgwù ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;CLATTERBAUGH&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Clatterbaugh|first=Kenneth|date=Spring 2000|title=Literature of the U.S. Men's Movement|journal=Signs|volume=25|issue=3|pages=883–894|doi=10.1086/495485}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== E jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ==
Ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị kwenyere na ọ baghị uru ka ụmụ nwoke kpọọ onwe ha &quot;ndị na-ahụkarị ụmụ nwanyị&quot;. Enwekwara esemokwu n'ime &quot;mgbasa&quot; a, dịka ọmụmaatụ na mmegharị nke ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọgụ megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ndị na-azọrọ na &quot;feminist&quot; nwere ike itinye aka n'otu n'otu na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwukarị na arụmụka ndị na-akwado okwu ahụ bụ &quot;pro-feminist &quot; dabeere n'echiche nke mkpebi na mkpa, ma megidere ụkpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ezie.

Ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị kwenyere na enwere ike &quot;mmeghachi&quot; n'ime òtù ụmụ nwoke, ikike maka òtù ahụ ịmegharị ihe ha na-ahụ dị ka ihe ùgwù na ọnọdụ ụmụ nwoke, ụfọdụ na-ekwu na nke a emeela. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ikom niile na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na ụmụ nwoke ga-eme ihe iji kpochapụ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nwoke na nwanyị, ụfọdụ na-ekwu na òtù ụmụ nwoke abụghị ụzọ isi mee nke a.&lt;ref name=&quot;xyonline.net&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

=== Ndị edemede a ma ama na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị ===

== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ==

== Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ==

* Brittan, Arthur, 1989, ''Nwoke na ike'', Oxford: Basil Blackwell
* Berkowitz, Alan D. (ed.). Ụmụ nwoke na ndina n'ike: usoro, nyocha, na mmemme mgbochi na agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, mbipụta 65 nke ntụziaka ọhụrụ maka ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ, Jossey-Bass, 1994,  . 
* Clatterbaugh, Kenneth, 1990, ''Echiche nke oge a banyere nwoke: ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ nwanyị, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ nke oge a'', Colorado &amp; Oxford: Westview Press
* Connell, R.W., 1987, ''Mmekọahụ na ike: ọha mmadụ, onye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmekọahụ'', Sydney: Allen &amp; Unwin
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Cooper, Mick, and Baker, Peter, 1996, The MANual: akwụkwọ nduzi zuru ezu maka ndụ, London: Thorsons
* Digby, Tom (ed.), 1998, Men Doing Feminism, New York: Routledge
* Edley, Nigel, na Wetherell, Margaret, 1995, Ndị ikom n'echiche: omume, ike na njirimara, London: Prentice-Hall
* Edwards, Tim, 1993, Mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị: mmekọahụ nwoke, nwoke, na nwanyị, New York: Routledge
* Haddad, Tony (ed.), 1993, Men and masculinities: a critical anthology, Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press
* Kaufman, Michael (ed), 1987, Beyond patriarchy: edemede site n'aka ndị ikom banyere obi ụtọ, ike na mgbanwe, New York: Oxford University Press
* Kaufman, Michael, 1993, ''Ịgbaji ihe agha: ike, ihe mgbu na tstview'' Press
* Kimmel, Michael, and Messner, Michael (ed), 1992, ''Ndụ ụmụ nwoke'', New York/Toronto: Macmillan/Maxwell (2nd mbipụta) 
* Mac an Ghaill, Mairtin (ed), 1996, ''Ịghọta nwoke: Mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na ọdịbendị'', Buckingham &amp; Philadelphia: Open University Press
* May, Larry, na Robert Strikwerda (ed), 1992, Rethinking masculinity: philosophical explorations in light of femism, Maryland: Rowman &amp; Littlefield
* McLean, Chris, Carey, Maggie, na White, Cheryl (ed), 1996, ''Ụzọ ụmụ nwoke si adị'', Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press
* Segal, Lynne, 1990, Slow motion: ịgbanwe nwoke, ịgbanwe ụmụ nwoke, London: Virago
* Segal, Lynne, 1990, Slow motion: na-agbanwe nwoke, na-agbanwere ụmụ nwoke, London: Virago pro-feminist ụmụ nwoke na-azaghachi na mythopoetic ụmụ nwoke movement (na ndị isi mythopoetica na-azara), Philadelphia: Temple University Press
* Smith, Jeremy Adam 2009. The Daddy Shift: Otu Nọgide-n'Ụlọ Dads, Ndị Nne Na-enweta Nri, na Ndị Nne na Nna Na-ekerịta Na-agbanwe Ezinụlọ America. Boston: Beacon Press.
* Snodgrass, Jon (ed), 1977, ''Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ: maka ụmụ nwoke megide ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị'', Albion CA: Times Change Press
* Stoltenberg, John, 1990, ''Ịjụ ịbụ nwoke: edemede banyere mmekọahụ na ikpe ziri ezi'', CA &amp; Suffolk: Fontana/Collins
* Stoltenberg, John 1998 The end of manhood: a book for men of conscience, New York: Dutton
* Onye na-agba ọsọ, Shira 2009. Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Berkeley: Seal Press.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2008. ''Ụmụ nwoke Na-ekwu Okwu: Echiche Banyere Mmekọahụ, Mmekọala na Ike''. New York: Routledge.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100602074959/http://www.achillesheel.freeuk.com/ Achilles Heel, magazin nke ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-eme ihe ike]
* [http://www.xyonline.net Magazin XY], ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-egosi isiokwu ndị na-egosi echiche dị iche iche na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na nsogbu na njikọ na ebe nrụọrụ ndị ọzọ na-akwado ndị inyom
* NOMAS, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [http://www.nomas.org Aha] National Organization for Men Against Sexism. Nnyocha na-elekwasị anya na mmekọrịta nke mmegbu: ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa oke, na ihe ndị ọzọ
* [https://daddy-dialectic.blogspot.com/2008/08/10-questions-on-profeminist-fatherhood.html &quot;Ajụjụ Iri Maka Ndị Nna Prọfesọ,&quot; ederede blog site na Jeremy Adam Smith]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120314112101/http://www.theroot.com/views/why-i-am-male-feminist?page=0,0S, &quot;Ihe mere m ji bụrụ onye Black Male Feminist,&quot; isiokwu nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Byron Hurt]
* [https://www.maleallies.co.uk/ Anyị bụ ndị mmekọ nwoke UK]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>5ql2z1q0vaqxcyjxxgmcecov4n07kh0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ogige Sharks</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75711</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637687</id>
      <parentid>637635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:25:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="857" sha1="bfx6cprfsw9ghghukot8yjc64vcup2q" xml:space="preserve">'''Sharks Stadium''' bụ ama egwuregwu ọtụtụ eji na Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Akụkụ nke ogige egwuregwu Alfred Diete-Spiff Rivers State, a na-ejikarị ya eme egwuregwu bọọlụ. Ọ bụbu ama egwuregwu ụlọ Sharks F.C. tupu klọb ahụ jikọtara ya na Dolphins FC n'afọ 2016 ka ọ bụrụ Rivers United F.C. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke mmadụ 5,000

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182832/http://www.thetidenews.com/article.aspx?qrDate=02%2F04%2F2009&amp;qrTitle=Sharks%20Swims%20In%20Own%20Waters%20Soon%20...%20AS%20Stadium%20Nears%20Completion&amp;qrColumn=BACK%20PAGE Sharks FC na-egwu mmiri n'ime mmiri nke ya n'oge na-adịghị anya...  (Akụkọ Akụkọ)]
* [http://www.sportsday.com.ng/nigeria/news/2010-03-19/port-harcourt-fire.html Port Harcourt na-ere ọkụ (Ụbọchị Egwuregwu)]  </text>
      <sha1>bfx6cprfsw9ghghukot8yjc64vcup2q</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>U. J. Esuene Stadium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75723</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637693</id>
      <parentid>637650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:35:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
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      <text bytes="2501" sha1="4xalk74i30c6mshn9hgurfz4z8zrqvh" xml:space="preserve">'''U. J. Esuene Stadium''' bụ ámá egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na [[Calabar]], Nigeria. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke Calabar Rovers na Dolphins F.C.. Ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke mmadụ 16,000 ma meghee ya na 1977. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/venues/nigeria/uj-esuene-stadium/v2516/|title=U.J. Esuene Stadium - Soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ewubere ogige egwuregwu UJ Esuene na Eprel 2, 1977 na egwuregwu dị n'etiti Bendel Insurance F.C. nke Benin na Calabar Rovers nke Calabar. Ka izu ụka abụọ gachara, ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere asọmpi mba ụwa n'etiti Enugu Rangers na Tonnerre Yaoundé - egwuregwu nke nwere ndị dịka Roger Milla, Christian Chukwu na Emmanuel Okala.

Egwuregwu na 2003 All-Africa Games na-egwuri egwu na U. J. Esuene Stadium n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2003, dị ka ndị Naịjirịa ruru eru maka 2008 Africa Cup of Nations. E depụtakwara ya dị ka ámá egwuregwu maka 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup ma kwado egwuregwu asatọ, gụnyere South Korea-Nigeria quarterfinal.

A kwalitela ámá egwuregwu ahụ iji tinye bọọdụ akara vidiyo nke oge a, nke nwere ọkụ ọkụ dị egwu.

== Egwuregwu bọọlụ a ma ama ==

=== 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Ìgwè 1
!Nsonaazụ
!Ìgwè nke 2
!Ndị bịara ya
!Mgbasa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eprel 5, 1999
| Zambia
|4–3
| Honduras
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12,000
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ìgwè F
|-
| Spain
|2–0
| Brazil
|-
|Eprel 8, 1999
| Zambia
|0–0
| Spain
|8,000
|-
|14 Eprel 1999
| Brazil
|4–0
| Croatia
|12,000
|Ugboro nke 16
|}

=== 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Ìgwè 1
!Nsonaazụ
!Ìgwè nke 2
!Ndị bịara ya
!Mgbasa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |25 Ọktoba 2009
| Iran
|2–0
| Gambia
|9,200
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Ìgwè C
|-
| Colombia
|2–1
| Netherlands
|10,100
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |28 Ọktoba 2009
| Netherlands
|2–1
| Gambia
|6,800
|-
| Iran
|0–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Colombia
|8,600
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |31 Ọktoba 2009
| Gambia
|2–2
|6,100
|-
| New Zealand
|1–1
| Turkey
|7,000
|Ìgwè D
|-
|5 Nọvemba 2009
| Iran
|1-2 (e.g.) 
| Uruguay
|3,600
|Ugboro nke 16
|-
|9 Nọvemba 2009
| South Korea
|1–3
| Naịjirịa
|9,100
|Ọkara nke ikpeazụ
|}

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Otú:Ȯra Cross River]]</text>
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      </contributor>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
[[File:WLP2026 in the Igbo Community flier.png|thumb|Wikisource Loves Proofreading Campaign in the Igbo Community event flier]]
=='''Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project'''==
The Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project is an initiative focused on improving the quality, organization, and accessibility of texts on Igbo Wikisource ahead of the Wiki Loves Proofreading campaign. The project will bring together experienced editors to identify and fix formatting issues, remove duplicate pages, improve proofreading quality, and properly organize texts across the platform. Through collaborative cleanup activities and quality-focused contributions, the project aims to strengthen the overall structure and readability of Igbo Wikisource while encouraging effective participation, collaboration, and sustainable content maintenance within the Igbo Wikimedia community.

== Project timeline ==
*Project Launch/Physical event - '''  Saturday, 16th May, 2026
**Time - ''' 5:00 PM UTC+1([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone])

*Contest start date - ''' Saturday, 16th May 2028
**Time - ''' 11:00AM ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone])

*Contest end date - ''' Saturday, 18th, April 2026
**Time - ''' 12:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776466800 Check your local time zone])

==Project launch details==
The launch of this campaign will take a hybrid form.
*Venue for in-person event: Nigerian Book Foundation Building behind Kenneth Dike Central Library, Awka, Anambra State
*Virtual meeting link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87224917910?pwd=J0daM9eUuIf1N3qTl8NYGlRdMnqLk7.1

== Facilitators ==
# [[User:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] - Project Lead/Trainer
# [[User:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] - Co-Lead

== Expectations ==
At the end of this project, the following should be achieved:
# Recruit new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group {{done}}
# Proofread at least 300 pages in the Igbo Wikisource {{done}}

==To do List==
The list below contains index pages that needs to be proofread:
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Igbo_Book_of_Enoch.djvu Index:Igbo Book of Enoch.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:English,_Igbo_and_French_Dictionary_by_The_Fathers_of_the_Holy_Ghost.djvu Index:English, Igbo and French Dictionary by The Fathers of the Holy Ghost.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Story_of_Ahikar,_the_Grand_Vizier_of_Assyria_-_Igbo.djvu Index:The Story of Ahikar, the Grand Vizier of Assyria - Igbo.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Nkwuputa_uwa_nile_banyere_ikike_mmadu_nwegasiri.djvu Index:Nkwuputa uwa nile banyere ikike mmadu nwegasiri.djvu]

==Contest Prizes==
1st Prize - ₦25,000&lt;br&gt;
2nd Prize - ₦20,000&lt;br&gt;
3rd Prize - ₦15,000

All prizes will be disbursed as shopping vouchers

== Outcome ==
During the course of this inaugural campaign, 334 Wikisource pages were proofread which served as a means of preserving the Igbo historical literary works

==Contest Results==
The following users emerges as top contributors:&lt;BR&gt;
* [[User:Johnnybam]] - 1st Position
* [[User:10kdollz]] - 2nd Position 
* [[User:Bigkotech]] - 3rd Position

== Gallery ==
{| align=center style=&quot;font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:auto;&quot;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 001.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 003.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 002.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 005.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 004.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 006.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;


[[Òtù:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
[[File:Wikisource Cleanup Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer for the Wikisource Cleanup event in the Igbo Community]]
=='''Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project'''==
The Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project is an initiative focused on improving the quality, organization, and accessibility of texts on Igbo Wikisource ahead of the Wiki Loves Proofreading campaign. The project will bring together experienced editors to identify and fix formatting issues, remove duplicate pages, improve proofreading quality, and properly organize texts across the platform. Through collaborative cleanup activities and quality-focused contributions, the project aims to strengthen the overall structure and readability of Igbo Wikisource while encouraging effective participation, collaboration, and sustainable content maintenance within the Igbo Wikimedia community.

== Project timeline ==
*Project Launch/Physical event - '''  Saturday, 16th May, 2026
**Time - ''' 5:00 PM UTC+1([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone])

*Contest start date - ''' Saturday, 16th May 2028
**Time - ''' 11:00AM ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone])

*Contest end date - ''' Saturday, 18th, April 2026
**Time - ''' 12:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776466800 Check your local time zone])

==Project launch details==
The launch of this campaign will take a virtual form.
*Virtual meeting link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87224917910?pwd=J0daM9eUuIf1N3qTl8NYGlRdMnqLk7.1

== Facilitators ==
# [[User:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] - Project Lead/Trainer
# [[User:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] - Co-Lead

== Expectations ==
At the end of this project, the following should be achieved:
# Recruit new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group {{done}}
# Proofread at least 300 pages in the Igbo Wikisource {{done}}

==To do List==
The list below contains index pages that needs to be proofread:
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Igbo_Book_of_Enoch.djvu Index:Igbo Book of Enoch.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:English,_Igbo_and_French_Dictionary_by_The_Fathers_of_the_Holy_Ghost.djvu Index:English, Igbo and French Dictionary by The Fathers of the Holy Ghost.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Story_of_Ahikar,_the_Grand_Vizier_of_Assyria_-_Igbo.djvu Index:The Story of Ahikar, the Grand Vizier of Assyria - Igbo.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Nkwuputa_uwa_nile_banyere_ikike_mmadu_nwegasiri.djvu Index:Nkwuputa uwa nile banyere ikike mmadu nwegasiri.djvu]

==Contest Prizes==
1st Prize - ₦25,000&lt;br&gt;
2nd Prize - ₦20,000&lt;br&gt;
3rd Prize - ₦15,000

All prizes will be disbursed as shopping vouchers

== Outcome ==

==Contest Results==
The following users emerges as top contributors:&lt;BR&gt;
* [[User:?????]] - 1st Position
* [[User:?????]] - 2nd Position 
* [[User:?????]] - 3rd Position

== Gallery ==
{| align=center style=&quot;font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:auto;&quot;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 001.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 003.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 002.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 005.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 004.jpg
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 006.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;


[[Òtù:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
[[File:Wikisource Cleanup Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer for the Wikisource Cleanup event in the Igbo Community]]
=='''Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project'''==
The Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project is an initiative focused on improving the quality, organization, and accessibility of texts on Igbo Wikisource ahead of the Wiki Loves Proofreading campaign. The project will bring together experienced editors to identify and fix formatting issues, remove duplicate pages, improve proofreading quality, and properly organize texts across the platform. Through collaborative cleanup activities and quality-focused contributions, the project aims to strengthen the overall structure and readability of Igbo Wikisource while encouraging effective participation, collaboration, and sustainable content maintenance within the Igbo Wikimedia community.

== Project timeline ==
*Project Launch/Physical event - '''  Saturday, 16th May, 2026
**Time - ''' 5:00 PM UTC+1([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone])

*Contest start date - ''' Saturday, 16th May 2028
**Time - ''' 11:00AM ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone])

*Contest end date - ''' Saturday, 18th, April 2026
**Time - ''' 12:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776466800 Check your local time zone])

==Project launch details==
The launch of this campaign will take a virtual form.
*Virtual meeting link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87224917910?pwd=J0daM9eUuIf1N3qTl8NYGlRdMnqLk7.1

== Facilitators ==
# [[User:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] - Project Lead/Trainer
# [[User:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] - Co-Lead

== Expectations ==
At the end of this project, the following should be achieved:
# Recruit new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group {{done}}
# Proofread at least 300 pages in the Igbo Wikisource {{done}}

==To do List==
The list below contains index pages that needs to be proofread:
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Igbo_Book_of_Enoch.djvu Index:Igbo Book of Enoch.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:English,_Igbo_and_French_Dictionary_by_The_Fathers_of_the_Holy_Ghost.djvu Index:English, Igbo and French Dictionary by The Fathers of the Holy Ghost.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Story_of_Ahikar,_the_Grand_Vizier_of_Assyria_-_Igbo.djvu Index:The Story of Ahikar, the Grand Vizier of Assyria - Igbo.djvu]
# [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Nkwuputa_uwa_nile_banyere_ikike_mmadu_nwegasiri.djvu Index:Nkwuputa uwa nile banyere ikike mmadu nwegasiri.djvu]

==Contest Prizes==
1st Prize - ₦25,000&lt;br&gt;
2nd Prize - ₦20,000&lt;br&gt;
3rd Prize - ₦15,000

All prizes will be disbursed as shopping vouchers

== Outcome ==

==Contest Results==
The following users emerges as top contributors:&lt;BR&gt;
* [[User:?????]] - 1st Position
* [[User:?????]] - 2nd Position 
* [[User:?????]] - 3rd Position

== Gallery ==
{| align=center style=&quot;font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:auto;&quot;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Wikisource Training in Awka - 006.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;


[[Òtù:Mmemme]]
[[Otú:Mmemme 2026]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samson Siasia</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T15:39:27Z</timestamp>
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{{Databox}}   

'''Samson Siasia'''  (amụrụ na 14 Ọgọst n'afọ 1967) bụ onye Naịjirịa bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ ọkachamara na mbụ, bụrụkwa onye nchịkọta otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa site n'afọ 2010 ruo Ọktoba afọ 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/15492627|title=Samson Siaisa fired as Nigeria coach|date=28 October 2011|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=12 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ọzọ n'afọ 2016.

Na ụbọchị iri na isii nke ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2019, FIFA machibidoro Siasia iwu ịgba bọọlụ ruo mgbe ọ ga-eru afọ ise (mgbe e mesịrị, ebelatala ya ruo afọ ise &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Siasia life-ban reduced to five years by Cas|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57552593|accessdate=2022-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-21|title=Ex-Nigeria coach's match fixing life ban reduced|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria-nga/story/4415767/former-nigeria-coach-samson-siasias-match-fixing-ban-reduced-from-life-to-five-years|accessdate=2023-03-14|work=ESPN.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe e mechara nyocha maka idozi egwuregwu. Ụlọ ikpe nke Kọmitii Omume nke FIFA kwuru n'afọ 2019 na onye nkuzi Naịjirịa ahụ kwetara &quot;na ọ ga-enweta aka azụ n'ihe gbasara njikwa egwuregwu ndị mebiri Iwu Omume FIFA&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-fifa/fifa-ban-former-nigerian-coach-siasia-over-match-fixing-idUKKCN1V61I0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816171552/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-fifa/fifa-ban-former-nigerian-coach-siasia-over-match-fixing-idUKKCN1V61I0|archivedate=16 August 2019|title=FIFA ban former Nigerian coach Siasia over match fixing|accessdate=16 August 2019|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ịgba egwu ==

=== Klọb ===
N'ọkwa klọb, Siasia kacha gbaa bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu French FC Nantes ebe ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri nke otu egwuregwu n'afọ 1994–95. Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu Australia Perth Glory ya na onye otu ya bụ onye Naịjirịa bụ Peter Anosike, tinyekwara na Belgium, Portugal, Saudi Arabia na Israel.

=== Mba ofesi ===

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogige Egwuregwu Lekan Salami</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:05:22Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Edensibia */</comment>
      <origin>637671</origin>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Lekan Salami Stadium, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lekan Salami Stadium|url=https://int.soccerway.com/venues/nigeria/adamasingba-stadium/v6752/|accessdate=18 August 2017|publisher=soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a makwaara dị ka Adamasingba Stadium, bụ ámá egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na [[Ibadan]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]], ámá egwuregwu ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka ebe obibi maka Shooting Stars na ndị otu mpaghara ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shooting Stars Football FC Ibadan|url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Shooting-Stars-Football-FC-Ibadan/910/|accessdate=2024-06-23|work=www.finelib.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na oche maka ndị na-ekiri 10,000.

Shooting Stars FC meriri asọmpi ahụ na 1993 ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gara n'ala nke ubube.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Parrish|first=Charles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6qSAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=downfall+of+shooting+star+FC&amp;pg=PA226|title=Soccer around the World: A Cultural Guide to the World's Favorite Sport|date=2014-04-21|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-303-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ewubere ámá egwuregwu Lekan Salami n'ala dị puku 130,000, nke a na-enwebu n'ọsọ ịgba ọsọ Ibadan. Emeghere ya na Mee 28, 1988. Atụmatụ mmepe maka ogige ahụ malitere na 1976 n'oge ọchịchị David Jemibewon. Oghere ịgba ọsọ ahụ ejighị ya, ụlọ na ihe omume ndị iwu na-akwadoghị were were were ya. Iji nwetaghachi ala ahụ, gọọmentị ndị agha Jemibewon kpebiri iwu ụlọ ntụrụndụ na egwuregwu. Ọ bụ ezie na nhazi mbụ ahụ bụ maka egwuregwu na mgbagwoju anya, e mechara gbakwunye ndokwa maka ụlọ ahịa ndị ọzọ. Na mmalite, ogige ahụ gụnyere ogige egwuregwu bọọlụ, ogige tenis, ogige skwọsh na ụlọ egwuregwu ime ụlọ.

A kpọrọ ámá egwuregwu ahụ [[Lekan Salami]] Stadium na 1998 iji sọpụrụ Chief Lekan Salama site n'aka Gọvanọ Ndị Agha nke Oyo State [[Ahmed Usman]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thepageng.com/2017/06/23/investigation-rust-rot-and-waste-a-peek-into-ibadans-waning-infrastructure-ii/|title=Investigation – Rust, rot and waste: a peek into Ibadan's waning infrastructure II — The Page Nigeria|date=2017-06-23|work=The Page Nigeria|accessdate=2018-10-03|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Shooting Stars dọtara nkezi ndị bịara n'ụlọ nke 4,421 na 2023-24 Nigeria Premier Football League.

==Edensibia==
'''Nigerian Premier League venues Reflist'''

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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    <title>Otu Ụmụ nwanyị Chile</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T11:59:15Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353630435|Chilean Ladies League]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Otu Ụmụ Nwanyị Chile''' ( Spanish   ; 1912 – c. 1931 ) bụ otu ụmụ nwanyị dị elu nke Chile nke e jikọtara ya na Ụlọ ụka Katọlik, nke kpaliri azụmaahịa nye ụmụ nwanyị na otu ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valeria Alejandra|first=Olivares-Olivares|editor=Loyola Tapia|title=Mujeres y Política en Chile|date=2019|publisher=Ariadna Ediciones|location=Santiago, Chile|isbn=979-10-365-6067-5|pages=81–117|url=https://books.openedition.org/ariadnaediciones/3742|accessdate=10 May 2026|language=es|chapter=En defensa de las trabajadoras. Católicas y obreras organizadas en Chile desde fines del siglo XIX hasta 1930}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hiwere ya na mbụ dị ka Otu ụmụ nwaanyị Chile megide enyem ikike nke ime ngosi ọbọm Chilean Ladies League Against Theatrical Licensing    ({{langx|es|Liga de Señoras Chilenas contra la Licencia Teatral}}),), otu egwuregwu ahụ buru ụzọ rụọ iji chọpụta ihe nkiri, agụmagụ na ihe nkiri ndị e mechara eme nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe rụrụ arụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jara&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Donoso|first=Eliana Jara|editor=Gaines|title=Women Film Pioneers Project|date=2013|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|location=New York, NY|url=https://wfpp.columbia.edu/essay/writing-the-history-of-latin-american-women-working-in-the-silent-film-industry/women-in-chilean-silent-cinema/|accessdate=11 May 2026|chapter=Women in Chilean Silent Cinema}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ gbasara ya ==


E mere nzukọ mbụ iguzobe otu egwuregwu a na Santiago n'abalị abụọ nke ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1912.  Ndị inyom iri abụọ na ise nọ n'ọkwa dị elu bịara ya, gụnyere onye guzobere otu egwuregwu ahụ na onye nduzi mbụ ya bụ Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña, Ismael Valdés Vergara sokwa na nzukọ ahụ., Antonio Huneeus [ es ] na Francisco Concha Castillo [​] &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valeria Alejandra|first=Olivares-Olivares|editor=Loyola Tapia|title=Mujeres y Política en Chile|date=2019|publisher=Ariadna Ediciones|location=Santiago, Chile|isbn=979-10-365-6067-5|pages=81–117|url=https://books.openedition.org/ariadnaediciones/3742|accessdate=10 May 2026|language=es|chapter=En defensa de las trabajadoras. Católicas y obreras organizadas en Chile desde fines del siglo XIX hasta 1930}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFValeria_Alejandra2019&quot;&gt;Valeria Alejandra, Olivares-Olivares (2019). &quot;En defensa de las trabajadoras. Católicas y obreras organizadas en Chile desde fines del siglo XIX hasta 1930&quot;. In Loyola Tapia, Manuel; Gálvez Comandini, Ana; Álvarez Vallejos, Rolando (eds.). [https://books.openedition.org/ariadnaediciones/3742 ''Mujeres y Política en Chile''] (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Ariadna Ediciones. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;81–&lt;/span&gt;117. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/979-10-365-6067-5|&lt;bdi&gt;979-10-365-6067-5&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Robles Parada&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Valenzuela&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valenzuela|first=J. Samuel|editor=Ivereigh|title=The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival: Studies in Nineteenth-Century Europe and Latin America|date=2000|publisher=[[Institute of Latin American Studies]], University of London|location=London|pages=188–223|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/politicsofreligi0000unse_u4b3/page/188/mode/2up|accessdate=10 May 2026|chapter=The Politics of Religion in a Catholic Country: Republican Democracy, Cristianismo Social and the Conservative Party in Chile, 1850–1925|isbn=978-1-900039-32-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TCR&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Catholic Woman's Home Page: A Distinguished Chilean Family|work=The Canadian Register|date=6 June 1912|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcYpAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=Blanca+Subercaseaux+de+Vald%C3%A9s&amp;pg=PA4&amp;article_id=2013,730209|accessdate=10 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E mere nzukọ mbụ nke league a n'abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke afọ 1912, ụmụ nwanyị dị Narị anọ na iri ise bịara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robles Parada&quot; /&gt; E mechara gbasaa otu ahụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1931. 

== Ihe edeturu ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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'''Otu Ụmụ Nwanyị Chile''' ( Spanish   ; 1912 – c. 1931 ) bụ otu ụmụ nwanyị dị elu nke Chile nke e jikọtara ya na Ụlọ ụka Katọlik, nke kpaliri azụmaahịa nye ụmụ nwanyị na otu ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valeria Alejandra|first=Olivares-Olivares|editor=Loyola Tapia|title=Mujeres y Política en Chile|date=2019|publisher=Ariadna Ediciones|location=Santiago, Chile|isbn=979-10-365-6067-5|pages=81–117|url=https://books.openedition.org/ariadnaediciones/3742|accessdate=10 May 2026|language=es|chapter=En defensa de las trabajadoras. Católicas y obreras organizadas en Chile desde fines del siglo XIX hasta 1930}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hiwere ya na mbụ dị ka Otu ụmụ nwaanyị Chile megide enyem ikike nke ime ngosi ọbọm Chilean Ladies League Against Theatrical Licensing    ({{langx|es|Liga de Señoras Chilenas contra la Licencia Teatral}}),), otu egwuregwu ahụ buru ụzọ rụọ iji chọpụta ihe nkiri, agụmagụ na ihe nkiri ndị e mechara eme nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe rụrụ arụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jara&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Donoso|first=Eliana Jara|editor=Gaines|title=Women Film Pioneers Project|date=2013|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|location=New York, NY|url=https://wfpp.columbia.edu/essay/writing-the-history-of-latin-american-women-working-in-the-silent-film-industry/women-in-chilean-silent-cinema/|accessdate=11 May 2026|chapter=Women in Chilean Silent Cinema}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ gbasara ya ==


E mere nzukọ mbụ iguzobe otu egwuregwu a na Santiago n'abalị abụọ nke ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1912.  Ndị inyom iri abụọ na ise nọ n'ọkwa dị elu bịara ya, gụnyere onye guzobere otu egwuregwu ahụ na onye nduzi mbụ ya bụ Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña, Ismael Valdés Vergara sokwa na nzukọ ahụ., Antonio Huneeus [ es ] na Francisco Concha Castillo [​] &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Valenzuela&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valenzuela|first=J. Samuel|editor=Ivereigh|title=The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival: Studies in Nineteenth-Century Europe and Latin America|date=2000|publisher=[[Institute of Latin American Studies]], University of London|location=London|pages=188–223|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/politicsofreligi0000unse_u4b3/page/188/mode/2up|accessdate=10 May 2026|chapter=The Politics of Religion in a Catholic Country: Republican Democracy, Cristianismo Social and the Conservative Party in Chile, 1850–1925|isbn=978-1-900039-32-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Valenzuela&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TCR&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Catholic Woman's Home Page: A Distinguished Chilean Family|work=The Canadian Register|date=6 June 1912|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcYpAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=Blanca+Subercaseaux+de+Vald%C3%A9s&amp;pg=PA4&amp;article_id=2013,730209|accessdate=10 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E mere nzukọ mbụ nke league a n'abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke afọ 1912, ụmụ nwanyị dị Narị anọ na iri ise bịara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robles Parada&quot; /&gt; E mechara gbasaa otu ahụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1931. 

== Ihe edeturu ==
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== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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        <id>11031</id>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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'''Otu Ụmụ Nwanyị Chile''' ( Spanish   ; 1912 – c. 1931 ) bụ otu ụmụ nwanyị dị elu nke Chile nke e jikọtara ya na Ụlọ ụka Katọlik, nke kpaliri azụmaahịa nye ụmụ nwanyị na otu ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valeria Alejandra|first=Olivares-Olivares|editor=Loyola Tapia|title=Mujeres y Política en Chile|date=2019|publisher=Ariadna Ediciones|location=Santiago, Chile|isbn=979-10-365-6067-5|pages=81–117|url=https://books.openedition.org/ariadnaediciones/3742|accessdate=10 May 2026|language=es|chapter=En defensa de las trabajadoras. Católicas y obreras organizadas en Chile desde fines del siglo XIX hasta 1930}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hiwere ya na mbụ dị ka Otu ụmụ nwaanyị Chile megide enyem ikike nke ime ngosi ọbọm Chilean Ladies League Against Theatrical Licensing    ({{langx|es|Liga de Señoras Chilenas contra la Licencia Teatral}}),), otu egwuregwu ahụ buru ụzọ rụọ iji chọpụta ihe nkiri, agụmagụ na ihe nkiri ndị e mechara eme nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe rụrụ arụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jara&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Donoso|first=Eliana Jara|editor=Gaines|title=Women Film Pioneers Project|date=2013|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|location=New York, NY|url=https://wfpp.columbia.edu/essay/writing-the-history-of-latin-american-women-working-in-the-silent-film-industry/women-in-chilean-silent-cinema/|accessdate=11 May 2026|chapter=Women in Chilean Silent Cinema}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ gbasara ya ==


E mere nzukọ mbụ iguzobe otu egwuregwu a na Santiago n'abalị abụọ nke ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1912.  Ndị inyom iri abụọ na ise nọ n'ọkwa dị elu bịara ya, gụnyere onye guzobere otu egwuregwu ahụ na onye nduzi mbụ ya bụ Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña, Ismael Valdés Vergara sokwa na nzukọ ahụ., Antonio Huneeus [ es ] na Francisco Concha Castillo [​] &lt;ref name=&quot;Olivares-Olivares&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Valenzuela&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Valenzuela|first=J. Samuel|editor=Ivereigh|title=The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival: Studies in Nineteenth-Century Europe and Latin America|date=2000|publisher=[[Institute of Latin American Studies]], University of London|location=London|pages=188–223|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/politicsofreligi0000unse_u4b3/page/188/mode/2up|accessdate=10 May 2026|chapter=The Politics of Religion in a Catholic Country: Republican Democracy, Cristianismo Social and the Conservative Party in Chile, 1850–1925|isbn=978-1-900039-32-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Valenzuela&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TCR&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Catholic Woman's Home Page: A Distinguished Chilean Family|work=The Canadian Register|date=6 June 1912|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcYpAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=Blanca+Subercaseaux+de+Vald%C3%A9s&amp;pg=PA4&amp;article_id=2013,730209|accessdate=10 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E mere nzukọ mbụ nke league a n'abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke afọ 1912, ụmụ nwanyị dị Narị anọ na iri ise bịara ya. E mechara gbasaa otu ahụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1931. 

== Ihe edeturu ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogige Ncheta Sardauna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637665</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T11:59:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1230451976|Sardauna Memorial Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637665</origin>
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Sardauna Memorial Stadium bụ ámá egwuregwu a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe na [[Gusau]], Zamfara State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;ws&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml|title=Stadiums in Nigeria|accessdate=2008-06-17|work=World Stadiums}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke Zamfara United F.C. nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] Premier League. Ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke mmadụ 5,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;ws&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe Katsina United F.C. eweghachiri eweghachi na 2009, ha gbara ọkara mbụ nke oge mbụ ha na Sardauna Stadium tupu ha akwaga n'ọgbọ egwuregwu Muhammadu Dikko ọhụrụ dị na Katsina.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ebe Egwuregwu Ochie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75735</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637668</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:03:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329971056|Old Parade Ground]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637668</origin>
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Old Parade Ground bụ ámá egwuregwu dị na Garki District nke [[Abuja]], Nigeria.  E wubere ya na mmalite 1980s, a na-eji ya ugbu a maka egwuregwu bọọlụ ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke otu dị iche iche na Federal Capital Territory, gụnyere Abuja FC. na Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ihe ruru puku ise.

Na mgbakwunye na egwuregwu bọọlụ, ala na-anabata nzukọ na kọntaktị.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogige Egwuregwu Obodo Oghara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75736</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637669</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:03:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342866064|Oghara Township Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637669</origin>
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      <text bytes="440" sha1="ocoslgaa0pp460sg24dscv66pxi1zjd" xml:space="preserve">Oghara Township Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Oghara, Nigeria. A na-eji ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu bọọlụ ma nabata ụfọdụ egwuregwu ikpeazụ maka asọmpi bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nke afọ 2006. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke puku asatọ. Ama egwuregwu bụ ebe obibi nwa oge Bayelsa Ocean Boys F.C. na Bayelsa United F.C.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>ocoslgaa0pp460sg24dscv66pxi1zjd</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catherine Claudius</title>
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    <id>75737</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637672</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:06:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pri202011</username>
        <id>24666</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328250311|Catherine Claude]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637672</origin>
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      <text bytes="5691" sha1="hihwg6j1yfx7ssbmgvkuy0ccrjo4ir4" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Catherine Claude (23 Disemba 1924 - 23 Ọgọst 2000), nom de plume nke Catherine Piermont, nwa Jeanne Guillaud, bụ onye France na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye edemede, onye nkatọ edemede na onye bụbu onye isi oche nke otu ndị ode akwụkwọ nke France.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Ntorobia ===
Nne na nna Jeanne Guillaud zutere na French Communist Party, na mgbe ọ bụ nwata mere ka nne na nna ya na nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-aga n'ihu. Mgbe Agha Obodo Spanish malitere, nna ya sonyeere International Brigades na 1936, na-anwụ n'afọ na-esote na Agha Teruel. Mgbe e meriri ndị Republican, otu nwa okorobịa Spen gbara ọsọ ndụ ya na Guillaud na nne ya biri ruo Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

=== Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ ===
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Lycée Stendhal na Grenoble. Ọ nọ nso onye nkuzi French ya, Colette Audry (1906-1990), bụ onye bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na onye mmetụta ya nwere ike keere òkè n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede. 

O sonyeere French Resistance na 1943 na ndị ọrụ mbata (MOI), bụ nzukọ nke Communist Party na-achịkọta ndị si mba ọzọ, nke kacha arụsi ọrụ ike na Resistance na Grenoble na 1943. Ọ lụrụ ọgụ n'okpuru ikike nke Charles Wolmark, bụ onye Gestapo jidere ma gbagbuo na Charnècles. Mgbe ọ nọ na Resistance, ọ zutere Claude Henriot, onye o mesịrị lụọ.

O mesịrị were aha mkpịsị akwụkwọ ahụ Catherine Claude, dabere na njirimara ụgha nke ya na di ya. Ruo Mee 1944, ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka mmepe na lycées nke Grenoble nzukọ ọzọ dabere na Communist Party, National Movement Against Racism. E zigara ya Lyon na May 1944 na Marseille, bụ́ ebe o sonyeere Claude.

=== Onye edemede na onye na-alụ ọgụ nwanyị ===
Ọ banyere n'òtù Kọmunist na January 1945. O tinyere aka na Ce soir, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Òtù Kọmunist mepụtara na 1937, dị ka onye nta akụkọ na ngalaba amụma mba ọzọ. 

Ọ lụrụ Claude Henriot na 1945. Di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Grenoble, bụ́ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ Le Travailleur alpin malite na September 1945 ruo June 1946. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Kọmunist Party, karịsịa na Union of French Women. Ya na Claude kewapụrụ onwe ha na 1956 mgbe mmegide nke Budapest nnupụisi nke USSR na mbipụta nke Khrushchev Thaw.

Ọ gakwuru ndị Kọmunist na 1968 wee sonye na okike nke Union of Soviet Writers, nke otu ndị Jean-Pierre FayỊzụlitee, Nathalie Sarraute na Michel Butor duziri.

O mere ọtụtụ nkwa site n'ịgwakọta ederede, omume agha na ntụgharị uche n'ihe dị ka nnukwu ihe omume nke ndụ ya:

* ntọhapụ nke ụmụ nwanyị: La Querelle des femmes, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pellegrin|first=Marie-Frédérique|title=La 'Querelle des femmes' est-elle une querelle? Philosophie et pseudo-linéarité dans l'histoire du féminisme|journal=Seventeenth-Century French Studies|date=2013|volume=35|issue=1|pages=69–79|doi=10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000023}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Élever seul nwa enfant;
* nnwere onwe ọha mmadụ site na mgba a ma ama: C'est la fête de l'Humanité;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bernard|first=Jean-Pierre Arthur|title=Paris rouge: 1944-1964 : les communistes français dans la capitale|date=1991|publisher=Editions Champ Vallon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ntụgharị uche akụkọ ihe mere eme: Nwatakịrị nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ;
* ecology: ''Njem na njem na gburugburu ebe obibi''.

Ọ kọwara nwanyị dị ka ịchọ ezigbo nwanyị karịa ịlụ ọgụ megide ụmụ nwoke. Banyere akwụkwọ ya bụ La Querelle des femmes, Christian Massé dere, sị: &quot;Site na nwanyị Frank ruo na nwanyị na-acha uhie uhie nke May 1968, Catherine Claude na-akọwa ọgụ je-femme maka nha anya nke nwoke na nwanyị abụọ&quot; na, n'ihu: &quot;Catherine Claude kpọpụtara ugboro 333 okwu nwanyị n'enweghị mgbe ọ na-ama nwoke ikpe.&quot; Lighter, Paris en zigzag, nke edere ya na Colette Franc, bụ njem na Paris n'ime oge akụkọ ihe mere eme.

O binyere aka na Manifesto nke 343 nke e bipụtara na Le Nouvel Observateur na 5 Eprel 1971, nke ụmụ nwanyị 343 kwupụtara na ha nwere ite ime, nke amachibidoro n'oge ahụ. Ọ rụkọrọ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ La Nouvelle Critique n'oge 1960 na 1970.

Ọ hapụrụ na Kọmunist Party na njedebe 1970s. O tinyere onwe ya na nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme na asụsụ. L'Enfance de l'humanité bụ ngwaahịa nke echiche a. N'ime ọrụ ahụ, ọ na-enyocha usoro nke ndị otu ndị isi nwere asụsụ ndị isi ji nke nta nke nta na-achị ma kpochapụ ọha ndị na-eme udo na ndị na-abụghị ndị isi.

== Ọrụ ahọpụtara ==

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* ''Ọnwa Na Anyanwụ'', 1959.
* Ihe a na-akpọ Magot de Josepha, 1960
* ''Ọnwụ Armand'', 1961.
* ''Ememe Chaville'', 1964
* ''Eluigwe ọcha'', 1967 Ihe nrite edemede nke Resistance, 1967.

=== Edemede ===

* Otu onye aha ya bụ Bourvil, 1969. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* ''Ịzụlite nwa gị naanị gị'', 1975
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Ọ bụ emume nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ, 1978.
* Njem na Njem na gburugburu ebe obibi, 1976.
* Paris na zigzag, 1975. Ya na Colette Franc dere ya.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Claude, Catherine}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogige egwuregwu Bako Kontagora</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75738</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637674</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:07:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329975295|Bako Kontagora Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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Bako Kontagora Stadium, nke a makwaara dị ka [[Minna]] Township Stadium, bụ ámá egwuregwu nwere ike ịba puku ise na Minna, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]]. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nke Niger Tornadoes. Na mbipụta 2017-18 nke NPFL, Niger Tornadoes dọtara nkezi ndị bịara n'ụlọ nke 4,300 na Bako Kontagora Stadium.

[[Ȯra Niger|Steeti Niger]] nọ na nhazi nhazi nke ịgbasa ikike egwuregwu Bako Kontagora ruo 30,000, Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ámá egwuregwu dị n'etiti obodo ahụ nwere ụlọ ndị e wuru gburugburu n'akụkụ niile nke ámá egwuregwu ahụ, ọ dị ntakịrị ohere maka mgbasawanye.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}{{Nigerian Premier League venues}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>637685</id>
      <parentid>637674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:24:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
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      <text bytes="767" sha1="injah5ntcy2ifb71ghzwvep0ogw7etn" xml:space="preserve">'''Bako Kontagora Stadium''' nke a makwaara dị ka [[Minna]] Township Stadium, bụ ámá egwuregwu nwere ike ịba puku ise na Minna, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]]. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nke Niger Tornadoes. Na mbipụta 2017-18 nke NPFL, Niger Tornadoes dọtara nkezi ndị bịara n'ụlọ nke 4,300 na Bako Kontagora Stadium.

[[Ȯra Niger|Steeti Niger]] nọ na nhazi nhazi nke ịgbasa ikike egwuregwu Bako Kontagora ruo 30,000, Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ámá egwuregwu dị n'etiti obodo ahụ nwere ụlọ ndị e wuru gburugburu n'akụkụ niile nke ámá egwuregwu ahụ, ọ dị ntakịrị ohere maka mgbasawanye.

== Edensibia ==
'''Ebe egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa'''</text>
      <sha1>injah5ntcy2ifb71ghzwvep0ogw7etn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ikpeazu Memorial Stadium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75739</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637675</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349238534|Ikpeazu Memorial Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637675</origin>
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'''Chuba Ikpeazu Memorial Stadium bụ ámá egwuregwu dị puku mmadụ ise nwere ọtụtụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ na Onitsha, Nigeria ma wuo ya n'afọ 2009. Ugbu a ọ bụ ụlọ egwuregwu Anambra Pillars F.C. na Anambra United F.C.'''

&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|6.15595|6.79793|region:NG}}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Michèle Pujol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75740</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637676</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T12:08:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ginikanwachimamkpa</username>
        <id>61353</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341240507|Michèle Pujol]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637676</origin>
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'''Michèle Pujol''' (French pronunciation: []) (20 Eprel 1951 - 2 Ọgọst 1997), bụ onye France na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-ahụ Maka akụ na ụba, ọkà mmụta, na onye na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ. Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Victoria's Department of Women's Studies ma nwee oche na Mahadim Manitoba.{{IPA|fr|miʃɛl}}{{IPA|fr|miʃɛl}}{{IPA|fr|miʃɛl}}

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Pujol|first=Michèle A.|url=https://archive.org/details/feminismantifemi0000pujo|title=Feminism and anti-feminism in early economic thought|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|year=1992|isbn=1-85278-456-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ndị 1980 na 1990, a na-ejikọta Pujol na ụmụ nwanyị nwanyị.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Oge ọ malitere ===
.Njikọ Pujol na Madaoua, Niger.  Ọ bụ nwa ndidi nke onye ụmụaka French na Niger na onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụlọ.  Ọ gara amụ na Paris, ebe ọ nkọwa na amụma, wee gaa n'ihu nwetara nzere bachelọ na akụ na-ama.


Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na HEC Jeunes Filles na 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mondedesgrandesecoles.fr/les-femmes-au-coeur-de-la-strategie-de-l%E2%80%99entreprise|title=Les Femmes au cœur de la stratégie de l'entreprise|date=24 November 2014|work=Newletter — Monde des grandes écoles et université|accessdate=2 March 2024|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịbụ onye a dọtara n'ịgba mbọ nke ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ, ọ gara United States iji mezue nzere masta ya na Mahadum Washington State. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate na akụ na ụba na Mahadum Simon Fraser dị na Vancouver, Canada. Pujol ghọrọ prọfesọ nke ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na Mahadum Manitoba na 1981 wee bụrụ osote prọfesor na Mahadum Victoria, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na 1990 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. 

=== Ndụ agụmakwụkwọ ===
&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dimand|first=Robert W.|url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_j0n9|title=A biographical dictionary of women economists|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-85278-964-0|pages=347–348}}&lt;/ref&gt;Akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ Pujol dere ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na akụ na ụba. Akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya na Mahadum Simon Fraser bụ ihe ndabere nke akwụkwọ ya, Feminism and Anti-Feminism in Early Economic Thought . Ọ nyochara ọrụ akụ na ụba ụmụ nwanyị n'ihe ọ kpọrọ &quot;malestream&quot; nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị oge ochie nke Britain na akụ na ụba oge ochie.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dimand|first=Robert W.|url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_j0n9|title=A biographical dictionary of women economists|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-85278-964-0|pages=347–348}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDimand2000&quot;&gt;Dimand, Robert W. (2000). [[iarchive:biographicaldict0000unse_j0n9|''A biographical dictionary of women economists'']]. [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;347–&lt;/span&gt;348. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-85278-964-0|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-85278-964-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;N'ide banyere &quot;echiche akụ na ụba ụmụ nwanyị nke Harriet Taylor (1807-58) &quot; na 1995, Pujol guzobere &quot;nnyocha ihe onwunwe nke na-eme ka Taylor dị iche na ọnọdụ nke Mill. &quot; Pujol gbatịkwara ụkpụrụ nke echiche akụ na ụba gara aga, na-emezi ka onyinye nyocha ụmụ nwanyị na enweghị nhata akụ na ụba site na Taylor, Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon, Millicent Garrett Fawcett, Eleanor Rath, na William Smart

Na mgbakwunye na ịsụ ụzọ n'ụzọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ anụmanụ nke akụ na nọrọ, Pujol na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Akụ na-ahụ ụmụ anụmanụ nke oge a, na-elebara anya n'ịgbasa usoro.  Ọ na-etinye aka na nyọcha nke mme ihụ iwu see na Canada.  Onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Feminist Economics, [1] [2] site na ntọala ya, Pujol, ya na Nancy Folbre, dezi raba ngalaba &quot;Explorations,&quot; na akara ngosi 1996 mgbochi nsogbu ndị na-eche ego mba na ihe na-enweghị ike na-enweta akara.  [3] Pujol bụ onye akwụkwọ International Association for Feminist Economics [1] O dechara akwụkwọ gbasara nchegbu na Canada maka Mahadum Manitoba .  Pujol dechara akwụkwọ edemede nke afọ nke iri na ndụ nke ụmụ ụmụ na-ahụ maka akụ na-ahụ, nke e ịbụ n'asụsụ Bekee mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Madden&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Madden|first=Kirsten|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203482063/bibliography-female-economic-thought-1940-kirsten-madden-michele-pujol-janet-seiz|title=A Bibliography of Female Economic Thought up to 1940|date=2004-12-17|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-48206-3|location=London|doi=10.4324/9780203482063}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndụ onwe onye ===

=== Ọnwụ ===
A chọpụtara na Pujol nwere ọrịa kansa eriri afọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1997, a wasịrị ya ahụ na mbido Eprel, n'oge a chọpụtara ọrịa imeju. Pujol nwụrụ na 2 August 1997, n'ụlọ ya n'akụkụ onye mmekọ ya, Brook Holdack, ọnwa ise mgbe a chọpụtara ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michele Pujol Bursary in Women's Studies|url=https://www.uvic.ca/givingtouvic/award-background-info/p/m_pujol.php|accessdate=8 April 2023|work=University of Victoria}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal,'' bipụtara mbipụta pụrụ iche, &quot;Sexual Economics,&quot; na 1999, na echiche akụ na ụba ụmụ nwanyị, iji mee emume ndụ na ọrụ Pujol. Onye ọrụ ibe ya, Marjorie Griffin Cohen, dezigharịrị mbipụta ahụ na Ngalaba Ọmụmụ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Mahadum Simon Fraser.

== Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara ==

* {{Cite book|author=Pujol|first=Michèle A.|title=Feminism and anti-feminism in early economic thought|url=https://archive.org/details/feminismantifemi0000pujo|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|location=|year=1992|isbn=9781858988849}}

=== Isiakwụkwọ akwụkwọ ===

*  
*  
*  

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ na isiokwu akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* {{Cite journal|author=Pujol|first=Michèle|title=Some factors affecting the career patterns of women faculty at the University of Manitoba|year=1988}}

* {{Cite journal|author=Pujol|first=Michèle|title=Gender and class in Marshall's ''Principles of Economics''|journal=[[Cambridge Journal of Economics]]|volume=8|issue=3|pages=217–234|date=September 1984|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035547}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Pujol|first=Michèle|title=Introduction|journal=Feminist Economics|volume=2|issue=3|doi=10.1080/13545709610001707796|date=November 1996}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Pujol|first=Michèle|title=Forum: research priorities on nonmarket production|journal=Feminist Economics|volume=2|issue=3|doi=10.1080/13545709610001707836|date=November 1996}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Pujol|first=Michèle|title=Introduction: broadening economic data and methods|journal=[[Feminist Economics (journal)|Feminist Economics]]|volume=3|issue=2|pages=119–120|doi=10.1080/135457097338726|date=January 1997}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Griffin Cohen|first=Marjorie|title=Special issue: ''Sexual Economics'' - to celebrate the life and work of Michèle Pujol|journal=Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal|volume=23|issue=2|date=January 1997|url=http://journals.msvu.ca/index.php/atlantis/issue/view/124/showToc}}

=== Ihe ndị a na-agụ ===
Pujol sonyere na nzukọ kwa afọ nke History of Economics Society na Mahadum nke British Columbia na June 1996 site na ngosi ya na ọtụtụ mpịakọta nke onyinye ụmụ nwanyị nyere na akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị tupu 1900, nke ọ na-edezi maka mbipụta site na Routledge na Thoemmes Continuum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madden&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Madden|first=Kirsten|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203482063/bibliography-female-economic-thought-1940-kirsten-madden-michele-pujol-janet-seiz|title=A Bibliography of Female Economic Thought up to 1940|date=2004-12-17|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-48206-3|location=London|doi=10.4324/9780203482063}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMaddenPujolSeiz2004&quot;&gt;Madden, Kirsten; Pujol, Michele; Seiz, Janet (17 December 2004). [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203482063/bibliography-female-economic-thought-1940-kirsten-madden-michele-pujol-janet-seiz ''A Bibliography of Female Economic Thought up to 1940'']. London: [[Routledge]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9780203482063|10.4324/9780203482063]]. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-203-48206-3|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-203-48206-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye nyere aka na Out of the Margin: Feminist Perspectives on Economic Theory, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203983744/margin-edith-kuiper-jolande-sap-susan-feiner-notburga-ott-zafiris-tzannatos|title=Out of the Margin: Feminist Perspectives on Economics|date=1995-07-20|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-98374-4|editor=Tzannatos|location=London|doi=10.4324/9780203983744}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pujol gosipụtara ọrụ isi ya na 1996 International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) &lt;ref name=&quot;Bibliog&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Switala|first=Kristen|year=1999|title=Feminist Economics|url=http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/eco.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991004234149/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/eco.html|archivedate=October 4, 1999|accessdate=June 23, 2023|work=Collaboratory for Digital Discourse and Culture @ Virginia Tech}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Washington, D.C.]]

N'afọ 1995, Pujol gosipụtara &quot;Is This Really Economics? Using Qualitative Research Methods in Feminist Economic Research,&quot; na nzukọ International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) &lt;ref name=&quot;Bibliog&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Switala|first=Kristen|year=1999|title=Feminist Economics|url=http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/eco.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991004234149/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/eco.html|archivedate=October 4, 1999|accessdate=June 23, 2023|work=Collaboratory for Digital Discourse and Culture @ Virginia Tech}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSwitala1999&quot;&gt;Switala, Kristen (1999). [http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/eco.html &quot;Feminist Economics&quot;]. ''Collaboratory for Digital Discourse and Culture @ Virginia Tech''. [https://web.archive.org/web/19991004234149/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/eco.html Archived] from the original on 4 October 1999&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na Tours, France.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323219714|Akure Township Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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'''[[Akure]] Township Stadium''' bụ ama egwuregwu ọtụtụ eji na Akure, Naijiria . A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke [[Sunshine Stars F.C.]] nke Naịjirịa Premier League. Ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ịba mmadụ 5,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Akure Township Stadium - Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/venues/nigeria/akure-township-stadium/|accessdate=2024-05-23|work=int.soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346644646|Uyo Township Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Uzo Township Stadium''' bụ ámá egwuregwu a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe dị na [[Uyo]], isi obodo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke Akwa United F.C. nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] Premier League. Ọ bụkwa ebe a na-ahụ maka ihe omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, [[Culture|ọdịbendị]], ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na okpukpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/05/02/policemen-beat-nlc-official-in-akwa-ibom/|title=Policemen Beat NLC Official in Akwa Ibom|author=editor|date=2019-05-02|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/12/24/why-buhari-can%E2%80%99t-use-stadium-campaign-akwa-ibom-govt|title=Why Buhari Can't Use Stadium For Campaign, By Akwa Ibom Govt|date=2018-12-24|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Akwa Ibom Christmas Carols Festival|Akwa Ibom Christmas Carol]] a ma ama kwa afọ, nke Gọọmentị Akwa Ibom Steeti haziri, na-eme mgbe niile n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/12/21/gospel-singers-storm-uyo-friday-for-aibom-christmas-carol-festival/|title=Gospel Singers Storm Uyo Friday for A'Ibom Christmas Carol Festival|author=admin|date=2017-12-21|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/akcarolsfest2018-akwa-ibom-christmas-carols-festival-returns/|title=#AKCarolsFest2018: AKWA IBOM CHRISTMAS CAROLS FESTIVAL RETURNS|author=Magazine|first=WetinHappen|date=2018-11-26|work=Wetinhappen.com.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11|archivedate=2021-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608041522/https://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/akcarolsfest2018-akwa-ibom-christmas-carols-festival-returns/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige egwuregwu ahụ dị nso n'otu nnukwu ahịa dị na obodo Uyo, nke a na-akpọ Ahịa Akpan Andem. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ịnabata mmadụ 5,000.

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml Ihe ọmụma banyere ámá egwuregwu]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346644646|Uyo Township Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Uzo Township Stadium''' bụ ámá egwuregwu a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe dị na [[Uyo]], isi obodo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke Akwa United F.C. nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] Premier League. Ọ bụkwa ebe a na-ahụ maka ihe omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, [[Culture|ọdịbendị]], ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na okpukpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/05/02/policemen-beat-nlc-official-in-akwa-ibom/|title=Policemen Beat NLC Official in Akwa Ibom|author=editor|date=2019-05-02|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/12/24/why-buhari-can%E2%80%99t-use-stadium-campaign-akwa-ibom-govt|title=Why Buhari Can't Use Stadium For Campaign, By Akwa Ibom Govt|date=2018-12-24|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Akwa Ibom Christmas Carols Festival|Akwa Ibom Christmas Carol]] a ma ama kwa afọ, nke Gọọmentị Akwa Ibom Steeti haziri, na-eme mgbe niile n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/12/21/gospel-singers-storm-uyo-friday-for-aibom-christmas-carol-festival/|title=Gospel Singers Storm Uyo Friday for A'Ibom Christmas Carol Festival|author=admin|date=2017-12-21|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/akcarolsfest2018-akwa-ibom-christmas-carols-festival-returns/|title=#AKCarolsFest2018: AKWA IBOM CHRISTMAS CAROLS FESTIVAL RETURNS|author=Magazine|first=WetinHappen|date=2018-11-26|work=Wetinhappen.com.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11|archivedate=2021-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608041522/https://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/akcarolsfest2018-akwa-ibom-christmas-carols-festival-returns/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige egwuregwu ahụ dị nso n'otu nnukwu ahịa dị na obodo Uyo, nke a na-akpọ Ahịa Akpan Andem. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ịnabata mmadụ 5,000.

A na-akwado ọtụtụ egwuregwu league na nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Uyo ebe a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/aity-dennis-lights-up-akwa-ibom-state-carols-festival/|title=Aity Dennis lights up Akwa Ibom State carols festival|date=2018-12-27|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/akwa-ibom-bayelsa-benue-enugu-ebonyi-ondo-rivers-agree-to-pay-minimum-wage/|title=Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Benue, Enugu, Ebonyi, Ondo, Rivers agree to pay minimum wage|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|date=2 May 2019|accessdate=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml Ihe ọmụma banyere ámá egwuregwu]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329935341|Pillars Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ogidi Egwuregwu hiwere na 1949 bụ ama egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na mpaghara Sabon Gari Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Ebe ọ dị n'ọnụ ụzọ Abuja Road na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. A na-eji ya eme egwuregwu bọọlụ ugbu a, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ama egwuregwu abụọ Kano Pillars na-eji, nke ọzọ bụ ama egwuregwu Sani Abacha. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke 10,000. Na 2014 ọ ghọrọ ebe obibi nwa oge nke El-Kanemi Warriors mgbe a na-ahụta ụlọ ha nke Maiduguri adịghị mma maka egwuregwu.'''

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{Nigerian Premier League venues}}</text>
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'''Ogidi Egwuregwu hiwere na 1949 bụ ama egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na mpaghara Sabon Gari Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Ebe ọ dị n'ọnụ ụzọ Abuja Road na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. A na-eji ya eme egwuregwu bọọlụ ugbu a, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ama egwuregwu abụọ Kano Pillars na-eji, nke ọzọ bụ ama egwuregwu Sani Abacha. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke 10,000. Na 2014 ọ ghọrọ ebe obibi nwa oge nke El-Kanemi Warriors mgbe a na-ahụta ụlọ ha nke Maiduguri adịghị mma maka egwuregwu.'''

==Edensibia==
''' Tinyegharịa ebe egwuregwu Premier League nke Nigeria'''</text>
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      <text bytes="614" sha1="cud9txd73j8h0t77zb1kqh4u151st9p" xml:space="preserve">'''Ogidi Egwuregwu''' hiwere na 1949 bụ ama egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na mpaghara Sabon Gari Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Ebe ọ dị n'ọnụ ụzọ Abuja Road na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. A na-eji ya eme egwuregwu bọọlụ ugbu a, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ama egwuregwu abụọ Kano Pillars na-eji, nke ọzọ bụ ama egwuregwu Sani Abacha. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke 10,000. Na 2014 ọ ghọrọ ebe obibi nwa oge nke El-Kanemi Warriors mgbe a na-ahụta ụlọ ha nke Maiduguri adịghị mma maka egwuregwu.

==Edensibia==
''' Tinyegharịa ebe egwuregwu Premier League nke Nigeria'''</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325068798|Sophie Raffalovich]]&quot;</comment>
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== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Sophie Raffalovich na 15 Jenụwarị 1860 na Odessa na Herman na Marie Raffalovitch.  Nna ya bụ onye na-echekwa ego, nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Marc-André na Arthur.  Ezinrọ ahụ bụ Ndị Juu ma kwaga France na 1864 n'ihi ire iji ngwaahịa.  Nna ya ga-ada Odessa maka ịzụ ahịa ma ọkara afụ ọ gbala n'ebe ahụ.  Marie bụ onye ụkwụ ndị nwere nnwere na nka na-emee nwee mmemme a ma ama na France.  Ya na onye na-akpa ụmụaka bụ Claude Bernard bụ ezigbo enyi.  Raffalovich tolitere na-ama uru ya ma akụ na-egosi ike ndị.  Ụlọ akwụkwọ gbasara ndụ Cobden na Lord Shaftesbury.  Nwanne ya nwoke André nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ edemede na London ebe ọ ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọbịa.. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Mallow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960|work=Mallow|url=http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ajụjụ ndị Ireland ==
Akụkọ na gbasara gbasara njinde William O'Brien n'oge mkpuchi ahụ mere ka nne na nwa ya nwee nwee ike na Ireland na ọnọdụ ike oyiyi dị n'ebe ahụ.  Raffalovich egwu idegara O'Brien akwụkwọ ozi ma ike zute ya na 1889. Mgbe mbụ nwoke na ọgụ, ha kwere nkwa ọlụlụ.  Raffalovich ọrịa onye.  Nke a bụ mmechuihu nye nna ya mana ihe odide nke ya na-egosi na o meghị nke a naanị maka naanị nri.  Ụmụnne ya abụọ sooro ya ruo n'ókè a.  Ọ bụ ebe na ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata, Raffalovich ah ekiri ndị Juu ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=J.V.|title=William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02886-9|url=https://archive.org/details/williamobrienc00jose|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ ifo O'Brien na 11 June 1890 ma Charles Stewart Parnell, nnukwu nju nke ndị Irish tupu ha kewaa n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.  Raffalovich na di ya kwagara Ireland mgbe hụ ahụ ọma ma nabata ya ngwa n'ime òtù ndị na ibe ya.  Ya na Anne Deane na Henrietta Mitchel Martin nwere ike chiri anya.  Di ya dabere na Raffalovich nke ukwuu dị ka onye na-enye ego, ike na onye ike n'oge ọrụ ya ebe tita ya adịghị mma.  Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ego ma ha biri ndụ dị mfe ka o kwere mee ka ha wee nwee ike inye ndị ogbenye ihe dị ka o kwere omume.. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mallow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960|work=Mallow|url=http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960 &quot;Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960&quot;]. ''Mallow''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=J.V.|title=William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02886-9|url=https://archive.org/details/williamobrienc00jose|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Brien1976&quot;&gt;O'Brien, J.V. (1976). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose|''William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918'']]&lt;/span&gt;. University of California Press. p.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose/page/101|101]]. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02886-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-520-02886-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Igoe&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Igoe|first=B.|title=The Story of Ireland|publisher=Brian Igoe|isbn=978-1-301-36210-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl76rySCKioC&amp;pg=PA202|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Joyce Walsh 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Joyce|first=J.|title=Dubliners|publisher=Broadview Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-77048-517-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWFxDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA305|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 1895, O'Brien jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ ndị o ji n'oge 'Plan of Campaign', na-ahọrọ kama ịga daa ogbenye. Di na nwunye ahụ lara ezumike nká n'ụlọ dị na Westport, County Mayo ebe ha rụkọtara ọrụ ugbo, ịzụ nkịta na ide ihe. Ha kwadoro ịkụ azụ n'ógbè ahụ n'ụzọ ego ebe o kwere omume. Raffalovich dere akwụkwọ akụkọ ole na ole nke na-akọwa oge ahụ.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Westport, Raffalovich, ya na ndị nọn nọ n'I jide ahụ, ntọala ụlọ ọrụ aka dị iche iche ma hụ na akara dị na Paris maka lace a na-ahụ n'ózuzu.  Ya na Sister Mary Eustace Eaton Obe Harold's Cross Hospice for the Dying rụkọrọ ọrụ ma dee ndụ ya na 1923. Ebe ọ na- mkpụrụ ụmụ na di ya na-achọghị kuchie, Raffalovich ụmụ ụmụ ka bi na ha mana uru uru ndị ọzọ.. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Mallow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960|work=Mallow|url=http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960 &quot;Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960&quot;]. ''Mallow''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=J.V.|title=William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02886-9|url=https://archive.org/details/williamobrienc00jose|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Brien1976&quot;&gt;O'Brien, J.V. (1976). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose|''William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918'']]&lt;/span&gt;. University of California Press. p.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose/page/101|101]]. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02886-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-520-02886-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;History Ireland 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=A nursery of editors: the Cork Free Press, 1910–16|work=History Ireland|date=2013-02-25|url=https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/a-nursery-of-editors-the-cork-free-press-1910-16/|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=J.V.|title=William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02886-9|url=https://archive.org/details/williamobrienc00jose|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Brien1976&quot;&gt;O'Brien, J.V. (1976). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose|''William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918'']]&lt;/span&gt;. University of California Press. p.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose/page/101|101]]. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02886-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-520-02886-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;A ka na-ahụ nsonaazụ nke ụnwụ nri Irish n'etiti ndị mmadụ nọ na Connacht mgbe di na nwunye ahụ bi n'ebe ahụ ma ha na-etinye aka na ọrụ enyemaka mpaghara na 1897-1898. O'Brien doro anya na nkesa ala bụ ụzọ isi melite ọnọdụ ahụ na Raffalovich ghọrọ onye isi na-akwado United Irish League. Ọ bụ nke a dugara na nnọkọ mbụ nke Irish Parliamentary Party na 1900, ọ bụ ezie na O'Brien hapụrụ ọzọ naanị afọ 3 ka e mesịrị. Raffalovich gara n'ihu na-akwado ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ego ọ na-eme mgbe o guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị, Cork Free Press.

&lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=J.V.|title=William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02886-9|url=https://archive.org/details/williamobrienc00jose|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Brien1976&quot;&gt;O'Brien, J.V. (1976). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose|''William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918'']]&lt;/span&gt;. University of California Press. p.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose/page/101|101]]. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02886-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-520-02886-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;A ka na-ahụ nsonaazụ nke ụnwụ nri Irish n'etiti ndị mmadụ nọ na Connacht mgbe di na nwunye ahụ bi n'ebe ahụ ma ha na-etinye aka na ọrụ enyemaka mpaghara na 1897-1898. O'Brien doro anya na nkesa ala bụ ụzọ isi melite ọnọdụ ahụ na Raffalovich ghọrọ onye isi na-akwado United Irish League. Ọ bụ nke a dugara na nnọkọ mbụ nke Irish Parliamentary Party na 1900, ọ bụ ezie na O'Brien hapụrụ ọzọ naanị afọ 3 ka e mesịrị. Raffalovich gara n'ihu na-akwado ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ego ọ na-eme mgbe o guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị, Cork Free Press.

Nne Raffalovich nọgidere na-ebi na France na Raffalovitch chere na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na mba ebe ọ tolitere. Di na nwunye ahụ kwadoro ihe jikọrọ aka na Raffalovich enweghị ọmịiko maka Sinn Féin mgbe ha yiri ka ha na-etinye mbọ agha jikọrọ aka n'ihe ize ndụ. Di ya enweghị mgbaghara ma ha enweghị nkwekọrịta na isiokwu ahụ. Agha ahụ wepụrụ akụ na ụba Raffalovich nwere site na mfu nke itinye ego ezinụlọ na Russia na [[Jémanị|Germany]]. Ego ya akwadowo ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị di ya na ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị na ntuli aka nke 1918. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=J.V.|title=William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02886-9|url=https://archive.org/details/williamobrienc00jose|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Brien1976&quot;&gt;O'Brien, J.V. (1976). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose|''William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881-1918'']]&lt;/span&gt;. University of California Press. p.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:williamobrienc00jose/page/101|101]]. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02886-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-520-02886-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gasịrị ==
Ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri, di na nwunye ahụ lara ezumike nká ruo mgbe O'Brien nwụrụ na 1928. Raffalovich chere na ọ bụ ọrụ ya iji hụ na ncheta ya ka ọ dị mma ma ọ nọrọ afọ ole na ole na-arụ ọrụ site na akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ọ hapụrụ. Ya na onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ya, Michael MacDonagh rụkọrọ ọrụ ma bipụta ụfọdụ ọrụ ya. O nyere akwụkwọ ya na Mahadum College Cork na National Library of Ireland. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Mallow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960|work=Mallow|url=http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960 &quot;Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960&quot;]. ''Mallow''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E nyere ya Doctor of Letters na Febụwarị 1938 site na Mahadum National nke Ireland maka ọrụ a. &lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ ndị mbụ, Raffalovich chere na ọ ga-esonyere ndị nọn enyi ya ma ọ bụrụ na di ya anwụọ mana n'afọ 1933 ọ ghọtara na ya kara nká maka mgbanwe dị otú ahụ nakwa na ụlọ ya dị na Cork buru oke ibu maka ya naanị ya, ọ laghachiri France nso Amiens, ka ya na ụmụnne nwanyị Fernande na Lucie Guilmart biri bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ mgbei Amiens ọ kwadoro kemgbe afọ 1880. Ya na ụmụnne nwanyị ahụ ghọrọ ndị enyi mgbe ha gara leta ya na Ireland na mbido afọ 1930. Ha lekọtara ya mgbe e mesịrị. Raffalovich kpọrọ ha 'ụmụ nwanyị kachasị mma agadi nwanyị na-enweghị nwa nwere ike inwe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mallow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960|work=Mallow|url=http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960 &quot;Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960&quot;]. ''Mallow''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Raffalovich ka bi na France mgbe [[Jémanị|Germany]] wakporo ya n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]]. Ụmụnne nwanyị ahụ mere ka ya na ha gbalaga n'ógbè dị nso na Pyrenees. Éamon de Valera gbochiri ịnakọta ego ọha na eze iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ ihe omume mere ka ha ghara ịda ogbenye. O kwuru na gọọmentị ga-enye ya ihe mana o zigara otu ego £ 150 site na onye nnọchi anya Irish na Vichy. Paul O'Dwyer mere ka a chịkọta ego site na New York Irish. Otú ọ dị, ọ dara ogbenye nke ukwuu na njedebe nke agha ahụ ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-ebi na ụmụnne nwanyị Guilmart n'oge a na Neuilly-St Front, nso Soissons. Lucie nwụrụ na 1957; Fernande nwụrụ karịa ya. Ọ nwụrụ na Neuilly na 8 Jenụwarị 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;ORiordan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Riordan|first=Turlough|editor=McGuire|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|chapter=Raffalovich, Sophie}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Riordan2009&quot;&gt;O'Riordan, Turlough (2009). &quot;Raffalovich, Sophie&quot;. In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). ''Dictionary of Irish Biography''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mallow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960|work=Mallow|url=http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.visitmallow.ie/index.php/famous-people/99-sophie-o-brien-nee-raffalovich-1860-1960 &quot;Sophie O'Brien nee Raffalovich 1860 – 1960&quot;]. ''Mallow''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Archives Resource&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archive Details|work=Irish Archives Resource|url=https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iar.ie/Archive.shtml?IE%20CCCA/PR25 &quot;Archive Details&quot;]. ''Irish Archives Resource''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY 1942&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY|work=Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY|date=1942-02-27|url=https://www.difp.ie/docs/1942/Sections-relating-to-Irish-citizens-in-France/3613.htm|accessdate=2019-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* ''John Bright na Henry Fawcett'' (na-ede dị ka Sophie Raffalovich), Paris, (1886) 
* ''N'okpuru Croagh Patrick'' (1904) 
* ''Rosette: ịhụnanya nke Paris na Dublin'' (1907) 
* ''Ndị enyi ya a na-adịghị ahụ anya'' (1912) 
* ''Na Mallow'' (1920) 
* ''Nwanne nwanyị Mary Eustace'' (1923) 
* ''Ihe osise ndị e sere n'oge gara aga'' (1926) 
* Ihe Ncheta Ọlaedo (1929) 
* ''Gburugburu Broom Lane'' (1931) 
* Ndị enyi m Irish (1937) 

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353508076|Nina Benedikta Krapić]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = 
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| honorific_prefix    = [[Religious sister|Sister]]
| honorific_suffix    = [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|DC]]
| office              = Vice Director of the [[Holy See Press Office]]
| term_start          = 1 March 2026
| term_end            = 
| monarch             = [[Pope Leo XIV|Leo XIV]]
| predecessor         = [[Cristiane Murray]]
| successor           = 
| birth_name          = 
| birth_date          = {{birth_date and age|1989|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Rijeka]], [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], Yugoslavia
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| resting_place       = 
| party               = 
| spouse              = 
| children            = 
| parents             = 
| alma_mater          = [[University of Rijeka]]&lt;br&gt;[[University of Zagreb]]
| occupation          = 
}}
'''Nina Benedikta Krapić''' DC (amụrụ n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1989) bụ ezi nwanyị okpukpe Katọlik nke Croatia nke na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Holy See Press Office kemgbe afọ 2026.

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Krapić n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa afọ June 1989 na Rijeka, Socialist Republic nke Croatia, bụbụụru Yugoslavia.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html &quot;Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026&quot;]. ''[[Holy See Press Office]]''. 13 February 2026&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html &quot;Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office&quot;]. ''[[Vatican News]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSánchez_Silva2026&quot;&gt;Sánchez Silva, Walter (13 February 2026). [https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano &quot;Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano&quot;] &amp;#x5B;A 36-year-old Croatian nun is the new deputy director of the Vatican Press Office&amp;#x5D;. ''[[ACI Prensa]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:es:ACI Prensa|es]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Rijeka n'afọ 2015 wee bụrụ ọkachamara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadim Zagreb n'afọ 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ PhD ugbu a na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Pontifical Gregorian University . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ 2023, ya na ụmụ nwanyị Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul kwekọrịtara nkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html &quot;Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026&quot;]. ''[[Holy See Press Office]]''. 13 February 2026&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html &quot;Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office&quot;]. ''[[Vatican News]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Krapić arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-eme ihe ngosi redio maka Radio Trsat na onye na - onye enyemaka iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị dab ara n'ihi ike nke mmegbu ime ihe ike dabere na okike na &quot;Saint Anne&quot; Caritas shelter na maka ndị a na-akpa oke na Social Welfare Centre na Rijeka, yana onye ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Archdiocese nke Rijeka . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSánchez_Silva2026&quot;&gt;Sánchez Silva, Walter (13 February 2026). [https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano &quot;Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano&quot;] &amp;#x5B;A 36-year-old Croatian nun is the new deputy director of the Vatican Press Office&amp;#x5D;. ''[[ACI Prensa]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:es:ACI Prensa|es]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ sonyeere Vatican's Dicastery for Communication . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

[[Pope Leo XIV|Popu Leo nke Iri na Anọ]] a họpụtara ka Krapić dị ka osote onye nduzi ọhụrụ nke Holy See Press Office n'abalí iri na atọ nke onwa Febụwarị 2026, wee malịta ị nọ n'ọfịs ahụ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke Machị 2026 na-anọchi Cristiane Murray. &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibía ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = 
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| honorific_prefix    = [[Religious sister|Sister]]
| honorific_suffix    = [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|DC]]
| office              = Vice Director of the [[Holy See Press Office]]
| term_start          = 1 March 2026
| term_end            = 
| monarch             = [[Pope Leo XIV|Leo XIV]]
| predecessor         = [[Cristiane Murray]]
| successor           = 
| birth_name          = 
| birth_date          = {{birth_date and age|1989|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Rijeka]], [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], Yugoslavia
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| resting_place       = 
| party               = 
| spouse              = 
| children            = 
| parents             = 
| alma_mater          = [[University of Rijeka]]&lt;br&gt;[[University of Zagreb]]
| occupation          = 
}}
'''Nina Benedikta Krapić''' DC (amụrụ n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1989) bụ ezi nwanyị okpukpe Katọlik nke Croatia nke na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Holy See Press Office kemgbe afọ 2026.

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Krapić n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa afọ June 1989 na Rijeka, Socialist Republic nke Croatia, bụbụụru Yugoslavia.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Rijeka n'afọ 2015 wee bụrụ ọkachamara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadim Zagreb n'afọ 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ PhD ugbu a na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Pontifical Gregorian University . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ 2023, ya na ụmụ nwanyị Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul kwekọrịtara nkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html &quot;Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026&quot;]. ''[[Holy See Press Office]]''. 13 February 2026&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html &quot;Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office&quot;]. ''[[Vatican News]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Krapić arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-eme ihe ngosi redio maka Radio Trsat na onye na - onye enyemaka iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị dab ara n'ihi ike nke mmegbu ime ihe ike dabere na okike na &quot;Saint Anne&quot; Caritas shelter na maka ndị a na-akpa oke na Social Welfare Centre na Rijeka, yana onye ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Archdiocese nke Rijeka . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSánchez_Silva2026&quot;&gt;Sánchez Silva, Walter (13 February 2026). [https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano &quot;Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano&quot;] &amp;#x5B;A 36-year-old Croatian nun is the new deputy director of the Vatican Press Office&amp;#x5D;. ''[[ACI Prensa]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:es:ACI Prensa|es]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ sonyeere Vatican's Dicastery for Communication . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

[[Pope Leo XIV|Popu Leo nke Iri na Anọ]] a họpụtara ka Krapić dị ka osote onye nduzi ọhụrụ nke Holy See Press Office n'abalí iri na atọ nke onwa Febụwarị 2026, wee malịta ị nọ n'ọfịs ahụ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke Machị 2026 na-anọchi Cristiane Murray. &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibía ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = 
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| honorific_prefix    = [[Religious sister|Sister]]
| honorific_suffix    = [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|DC]]
| office              = Vice Director of the [[Holy See Press Office]]
| term_start          = 1 March 2026
| term_end            = 
| monarch             = [[Pope Leo XIV|Leo XIV]]
| predecessor         = [[Cristiane Murray]]
| successor           = 
| birth_name          = 
| birth_date          = {{birth_date and age|1989|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Rijeka]], [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], Yugoslavia
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| resting_place       = 
| party               = 
| spouse              = 
| children            = 
| parents             = 
| alma_mater          = [[University of Rijeka]]&lt;br&gt;[[University of Zagreb]]
| occupation          = 
}}
'''Nina Benedikta Krapić''' DC (amụrụ n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1989) bụ ezi nwanyị okpukpe Katọlik nke Croatia nke na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Holy See Press Office kemgbe afọ 2026.

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Krapić n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa afọ June 1989 na Rijeka, Socialist Republic nke Croatia, bụbụụru Yugoslavia.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Rijeka n'afọ 2015 wee bụrụ ọkachamara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadim Zagreb n'afọ 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ PhD ugbu a na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Pontifical Gregorian University . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ 2023, ya na ụmụ nwanyị Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul kwekọrịtara nkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Krapić arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-eme ihe ngosi redio maka Radio Trsat na onye na - onye enyemaka iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị dab ara n'ihi ike nke mmegbu ime ihe ike dabere na okike na &quot;Saint Anne&quot; Caritas shelter na maka ndị a na-akpa oke na Social Welfare Centre na Rijeka, yana onye ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Archdiocese nke Rijeka . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSánchez_Silva2026&quot;&gt;Sánchez Silva, Walter (13 February 2026). [https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano &quot;Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano&quot;] &amp;#x5B;A 36-year-old Croatian nun is the new deputy director of the Vatican Press Office&amp;#x5D;. ''[[ACI Prensa]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:es:ACI Prensa|es]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ sonyeere Vatican's Dicastery for Communication . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

[[Pope Leo XIV|Popu Leo nke Iri na Anọ]] a họpụtara ka Krapić dị ka osote onye nduzi ọhụrụ nke Holy See Press Office n'abalí iri na atọ nke onwa Febụwarị 2026, wee malịta ị nọ n'ọfịs ahụ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke Machị 2026 na-anọchi Cristiane Murray. &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibía ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = 
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| honorific_prefix    = [[Religious sister|Sister]]
| honorific_suffix    = [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|DC]]
| office              = Vice Director of the [[Holy See Press Office]]
| term_start          = 1 March 2026
| term_end            = 
| monarch             = [[Pope Leo XIV|Leo XIV]]
| predecessor         = [[Cristiane Murray]]
| successor           = 
| birth_name          = 
| birth_date          = {{birth_date and age|1989|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Rijeka]], [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], Yugoslavia
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| resting_place       = 
| party               = 
| spouse              = 
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| alma_mater          = [[University of Rijeka]]&lt;br&gt;[[University of Zagreb]]
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}}
'''Nina Benedikta Krapić''' DC (amụrụ n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1989) bụ ezi nwanyị okpukpe Katọlik nke Croatia nke na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Holy See Press Office kemgbe afọ 2026.

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Krapić n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa afọ June 1989 na Rijeka, Socialist Republic nke Croatia, bụbụụru Yugoslavia.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Rijeka n'afọ 2015 wee bụrụ ọkachamara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadim Zagreb n'afọ 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ PhD ugbu a na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Pontifical Gregorian University . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ 2023, ya na ụmụ nwanyị Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul kwekọrịtara nkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Krapić arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-eme ihe ngosi redio maka Radio Trsat na onye na - onye enyemaka iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị dab ara n'ihi ike nke mmegbu ime ihe ike dabere na okike na &quot;Saint Anne&quot; Caritas shelter na maka ndị a na-akpa oke na Social Welfare Centre na Rijeka, yana onye ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Archdiocese nke Rijeka . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot; /&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ sonyeere Vatican's Dicastery for Communication . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

[[Pope Leo XIV|Popu Leo nke Iri na Anọ]] a họpụtara ka Krapić dị ka osote onye nduzi ọhụrụ nke Holy See Press Office n'abalí iri na atọ nke onwa Febụwarị 2026, wee malịta ị nọ n'ọfịs ahụ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke Machị 2026 na-anọchi Cristiane Murray. &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibía ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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        <id>11031</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = 
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| honorific_prefix    = [[Religious sister|Sister]]
| honorific_suffix    = [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|DC]]
| office              = Vice Director of the [[Holy See Press Office]]
| term_start          = 1 March 2026
| term_end            = 
| monarch             = [[Pope Leo XIV|Leo XIV]]
| predecessor         = [[Cristiane Murray]]
| successor           = 
| birth_name          = 
| birth_date          = {{birth_date and age|1989|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Rijeka]], [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], Yugoslavia
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| resting_place       = 
| party               = 
| spouse              = 
| children            = 
| parents             = 
| alma_mater          = [[University of Rijeka]]&lt;br&gt;[[University of Zagreb]]
| occupation          = 
}}
'''Nina Benedikta Krapić''' DC (amụrụ n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1989) bụ ezi nwanyị okpukpe Katọlik nke Croatia nke na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Holy See Press Office kemgbe afọ 2026.

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Krapić n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa afọ June 1989 na Rijeka, Socialist Republic nke Croatia, bụbụụru Yugoslavia.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resignations and Appointments, 13.02.2026|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/02/13/260213b.html|work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|accessdate=10 May 2026|date=13 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Pope appoints Sr. Nina Krapić as new Deputy Director of Holy See Press Office|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-02/sister-nina-krapic-appointed-new-deputy-director-of-the-holy-see.html|accessdate=10 May 2026|work=[[Vatican News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sánchez Silva|first=Walter|title=Una religiosa croata de 36 años es la nueva subdirectora de la Oficina de Prensa del Vaticano|url=https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/122119/papa-leon-xiv-nombra-a-nina-krapic-religiosa-croata-nueva-subdirectora-de-la-oficina-de-prensa-del-vaticano|accessdate=10 May 2026|work={{ill|ACI Prensa|es}}|date=13 February 2026|language=es}}
&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Rijeka n'afọ 2015 wee bụrụ ọkachamara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadim Zagreb n'afọ 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ PhD ugbu a na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Pontifical Gregorian University . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ 2023, ya na ụmụ nwanyị Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul kwekọrịtara nkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt; Krapić arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-eme ihe ngosi redio maka Radio Trsat na onye na - onye enyemaka iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị dab ara n'ihi ike nke mmegbu ime ihe ike dabere na okike na &quot;Saint Anne&quot; Caritas shelter na maka ndị a na-akpa oke na Social Welfare Centre na Rijeka, yana onye ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Archdiocese nke Rijeka . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot; /&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ sonyeere Vatican's Dicastery for Communication . &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;

[[Pope Leo XIV|Popu Leo nke Iri na Anọ]] a họpụtara ka Krapić dị ka osote onye nduzi ọhụrụ nke Holy See Press Office n'abalí iri na atọ nke onwa Febụwarị 2026, wee malịta ị nọ n'ọfịs ahụ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke Machị 2026 na-anọchi Cristiane Murray. &lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aci&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibía ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Maria Güell</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353169141|Maria Güell]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Maria Güell''', amụrụ dị ka Maria Teresa Úrsula Güell i Puig, (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1848  ma ọ nwụọ abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa June nke afọ 1921) bụ nwanyị okpukpe nke Spain, onye guzobere Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary, ọgbakọ raara onwe ya nye ilekọta ndị ọrịa na agụmakwụkwọ, n'afọ 1899. Chọọchị Roman Katọlik ekwuola na ọ bụ Onye a na-asọpụrụ.

== Akụkọ ndụ ya ==
A mụrụ Maria Güell n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1848 na Valls, Catalonia, [[Spain]] n'ezinụlọ Katọlik ndị na-atụ egwu Chineke.&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez_i_Iñigo2026&quot;&gt;Rodríguez i Iñigo, Víctor (2 January 2026). [https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls &quot;María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls&quot;] &amp;#x5B;María Güell, a venerable and illustrious figure from Valls&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Catalunya Religió]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:ca:Catalunya Religió|ca]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372 &quot;14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig&quot;] &amp;#x5B;14 June 2025: the Prophet Elisha and the Venerable Maria Güell i Puig&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Abbey of Montserrat]]'' (in Catalan). 14 June 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Daughters of Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul na-elekọta na Valls, ebe ọ na-enyekwa nlekọta maka ndị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt; Site na nwata ya, o nwere nsọpụrụ dị omimi nye  Ndị nzụkọ Kraịst ma mgbe ọ dị afọ irị abụọ na atọ maọbụ iri abụọ na anọ, na 1872, Güell sonyeere obodo nke Sisters of Charity na Cervera, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya ma eduo ya ṅụọ iyi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot; /&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye isi ya n'afọ 1884. &lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;

N'abalị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Septemba nke afọ1899, o guzobere ọgbakọ nke Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary na Hospital of Cervera, na-esote nkwado nke iwu site n'aka bishọp nke Solsona.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig &quot;María Güell y Puig&quot;]. ''[[Royal Academy of History]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/ &quot;Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary&quot;]. ''corazondemaria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E guzobere ọgbakọ ahụ na ebumnuche nke ilekọta ndị ọrịa na inye agụmakwụkwọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ meghere ebe ọhụrụ; Popu Paul VI kwadoro ya dị ka Congregation of Pontifical Right n'afọ 1966, ọ dịkwa ugbu a n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt; 

Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa June nke afọ 192 na Cervera mgbe ọ rịasịrị obere ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig &quot;María Güell y Puig&quot;]. ''[[Royal Academy of History]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez_i_Iñigo2026&quot;&gt;Rodríguez i Iñigo, Víctor (2 January 2026). [https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls &quot;María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls&quot;] &amp;#x5B;María Güell, a venerable and illustrious figure from Valls&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Catalunya Religió]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:ca:Catalunya Religió|ca]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/ &quot;Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary&quot;]. ''corazondemaria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372 &quot;14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig&quot;] &amp;#x5B;14 June 2025: the Prophet Elisha and the Venerable Maria Güell i Puig&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Abbey of Montserrat]]'' (in Catalan). 14 June 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọnwụ ya, edere okwu ikpeazụ ya:
 

Popu John Paul nke Abụọ kwupụtara na ọ bụ Onye a na-asọpụrụ n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obodo ya nyere ya ogo dịka nke nwa amaala nsọpụrụ n'afọ 2001 ma kpughee onyinyo ya na Gallery of Honorary Citizens . &lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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'''Maria Güell''', amụrụ dị ka Maria Teresa Úrsula Güell i Puig, (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1848  ma ọ nwụọ abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa June nke afọ 1921) bụ nwanyị okpukpe nke Spain, onye guzobere Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary, ọgbakọ raara onwe ya nye ilekọta ndị ọrịa na agụmakwụkwọ, n'afọ 1899. Chọọchị Roman Katọlik ekwuola na ọ bụ Onye a na-asọpụrụ.

== Akụkọ ndụ ya ==
A mụrụ Maria Güell n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1848 na Valls, Catalonia, [[Spain]] n'ezinụlọ Katọlik ndị na-atụ egwu Chineke.&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez_i_Iñigo2026&quot;&gt;Rodríguez i Iñigo, Víctor (2 January 2026). [https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls &quot;María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls&quot;] &amp;#x5B;María Güell, a venerable and illustrious figure from Valls&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Catalunya Religió]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:ca:Catalunya Religió|ca]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372 &quot;14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig&quot;] &amp;#x5B;14 June 2025: the Prophet Elisha and the Venerable Maria Güell i Puig&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Abbey of Montserrat]]'' (in Catalan). 14 June 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Daughters of Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul na-elekọta na Valls, ebe ọ na-enyekwa nlekọta maka ndị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt; Site na nwata ya, o nwere nsọpụrụ dị omimi nye  Ndị nzụkọ Kraịst ma mgbe ọ dị afọ irị abụọ na atọ maọbụ iri abụọ na anọ, na 1872, Güell sonyeere obodo nke Sisters of Charity na Cervera, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya ma eduo ya ṅụọ iyi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot; /&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye isi ya n'afọ 1884. &lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;

N'abalị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Septemba nke afọ1899, o guzobere ọgbakọ nke Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary na Hospital of Cervera, na-esote nkwado nke iwu site n'aka bishọp nke Solsona.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig &quot;María Güell y Puig&quot;]. ''[[Royal Academy of History]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/ &quot;Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary&quot;]. ''corazondemaria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E guzobere ọgbakọ ahụ na ebumnuche nke ilekọta ndị ọrịa na inye agụmakwụkwọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ meghere ebe ọhụrụ; Popu Paul VI kwadoro ya dị ka Congregation of Pontifical Right n'afọ 1966, ọ dịkwa ugbu a n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt; 

Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa June nke afọ 192 na Cervera mgbe ọ rịasịrị obere ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig &quot;María Güell y Puig&quot;]. ''[[Royal Academy of History]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez_i_Iñigo2026&quot;&gt;Rodríguez i Iñigo, Víctor (2 January 2026). [https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls &quot;María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls&quot;] &amp;#x5B;María Güell, a venerable and illustrious figure from Valls&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Catalunya Religió]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:ca:Catalunya Religió|ca]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/ &quot;Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary&quot;]. ''corazondemaria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372 &quot;14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig&quot;] &amp;#x5B;14 June 2025: the Prophet Elisha and the Venerable Maria Güell i Puig&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Abbey of Montserrat]]'' (in Catalan). 14 June 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọnwụ ya, edere okwu ikpeazụ ya:
 

Popu John Paul nke Abụọ kwupụtara na ọ bụ Onye a na-asọpụrụ n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obodo ya nyere ya ogo dịka nke nwa amaala nsọpụrụ n'afọ 2001 ma kpughee onyinyo ya na Gallery of Honorary Citizens . &lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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'''Maria Güell''', amụrụ dị ka Maria Teresa Úrsula Güell i Puig, (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1848  ma ọ nwụọ abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa June nke afọ 1921) bụ nwanyị okpukpe nke Spain, onye guzobere Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary, ọgbakọ raara onwe ya nye ilekọta ndị ọrịa na agụmakwụkwọ, n'afọ 1899. Chọọchị Roman Katọlik ekwuola na ọ bụ Onye a na-asọpụrụ.

== Akụkọ ndụ ya ==
A mụrụ Maria Güell n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa June n'afọ 1848 na Valls, Catalonia, [[Spain]] n'ezinụlọ Katọlik ndị na-atụ egwu Chineke.&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mother Maria Güell y Puig Venerable and Foundress of the Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary|url=https://corazondemaria.org/en/foundress/|work=corazondemaria.org|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=María Güell y Puig|url=https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/20612-maria-guell-y-puig|work=[[Royal Academy of History]]|accessdate=5 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodríguez i Iñigo|first=Víctor|title=María Güell, venerable e ilustre de Valls|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/es/maria-guell-venerable-ilustre-valls|accessdate=5 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=2 January 2026|language=es}}
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 de juny 2025 del profeta Eliseu i de la venerable Maria Güell i Puig|url=https://abadiamontserrat.cat/santoral/372|work=[[Abbey of Montserrat]]|accessdate=5 May 2026|language=ca|date=14 June 2025}}
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Daughters of Charity nke Saint Vincent de Paul na-elekọta na Valls, ebe ọ na-enyekwa nlekọta maka ndị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt; Site na nwata ya, o nwere nsọpụrụ dị omimi nye  Ndị nzụkọ Kraịst ma mgbe ọ dị afọ irị abụọ na atọ maọbụ iri abụọ na anọ, na 1872, Güell sonyeere obodo nke Sisters of Charity na Cervera, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya ma eduo ya ṅụọ iyi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot; /&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye isi ya n'afọ 1884. &lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;

N'abalị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Septemba nke afọ1899, o guzobere ọgbakọ nke Missionary Daughters of the Heart of Mary na Hospital of Cervera, na-esote nkwado nke iwu site n'aka bishọp nke Solsona.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt; E guzobere ọgbakọ ahụ na ebumnuche nke ilekọta ndị ọrịa na inye agụmakwụkwọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ meghere ebe ọhụrụ; Popu Paul VI kwadoro ya dị ka Congregation of Pontifical Right n'afọ 1966, ọ dịkwa ugbu a n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt; 

Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa June nke afọ 192 na Cervera mgbe ọ rịasịrị obere ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;corazon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot; /&gt; Tupu ọnwụ ya, edere okwu ikpeazụ ya:
 

Popu John Paul nke Abụọ kwupụtara na ọ bụ Onye a na-asọpụrụ n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abbey&quot; /&gt; Obodo ya nyere ya ogo dịka nke nwa amaala nsọpụrụ n'afọ 2001 ma kpughee onyinyo ya na Gallery of Honorary Citizens . &lt;ref name=&quot;catreligio&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Magali Clement</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319596903|Magali Clément]]&quot;</comment>
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Magali Clément bụ onye nduzi France, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-eme ihe nkiri.

== Ụlọ ihe nkiri ==

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1969
|''Ịhụnanya Ukwu''
| rowspan=&quot;19&quot; |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|Nke Pierre Étaix duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1971
|''Mpụ na ntaramahụhụ''
|Ihe nkiri TV nke Stellio Lorenzi duziri
|-
|''Bouvard na Pécuchet''
|Ihe nkiri TV nke ''Robert Valey'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1972
|''Osisi cherry''
|Ihe nkiri TV nke Stellio Lorenzi duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1973
|''Onye a na-amaghị''
|Ihe nkiri TV nke ''Youri'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1975
|''Washington Square''
|Ihe nkiri TV nke ''Alain Boudet'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1976
|''Maazị Klein''
|$5,338,140&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=8146|title=Monsieur Klein (1976) - JPBox-Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nke Joseph Losey duziri
|-
|''Nwa bebi ọbara''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|Obere usoro ihe nkiri TV nke ''Marcel Cravenne'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1977
|''Ọpụpụ ikpeazụ tupu Roissy''
|Nke ''Bernard Paul'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1978
|''Onye Na-arọ Ọchịchị''
|$3,887,977&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=7844|title=Sole reveur (1978) - JPBox-Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nke Jean-Marie Périer duziri
|-
|''Gaa Nne''
|$9,081,120&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=7803|title=Vas-y maman (1978) - JPBox-Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nke ''Nicole de Buron'' duziri
|-
|''Oge nke otu mba''
| rowspan=&quot;14&quot; |
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke ''Alain Boudet'' duziri
|-
|''Ndị dọkịta n'abalị''
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke Philippe Lefebvre duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1979
|''Okooko osisi ndị akpọnwụọla''
|Ihe nkiri TV nke Jacques Fansten duziri
|-
|''Igwefoto nke mbụ''
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke ''Michel Léviant'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1980
|''Ihe nkiri 16''
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke Bruno Gantillon duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1981
|''Ọnụ anụ ọhịa wolf''
|Nke ''Michel Léviant'' duziri
|-
|''Enweghị Ezinụlọ''
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke Jacques Ertaud duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1983
|''Ụzọ abụọ''
|Nke ''Christian Drillaud'' duziri
|-
|''Mgbọ égbè''
|Onye nduzi, onye edemede &amp; onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|ShortFrench Syndicate of Cinema Critics - Best Short - César Award for Best Short Film&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;César Award maka Best Short Film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1984
|''Ntú''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|Ọ bụ Philippe Le Guay duziri obere oge
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1987
|''Oge Ikpeazụ Ise''
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke Franck Apprederis duziri''Onye nkuzi Frank''
|-
|''Ịhụnanya Dị Mma''
|Onye nduzi na onye edemede
|Dị mkpirikpi
|-
|''Oge Simenon''
|Onye edemede
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV (1 ihe omume) nke Claude Goretta duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1988
|''Ụlọ Jeanne''
|Onye nduzi na onye edemede
|
|-
|''Mgbọ egbe na-acha odo odo''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|$173,475&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=6154|title=Jaune revolver (1988) - JPBox-Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nke ''Olivier Langlois'' duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1989
|''Maria Vandamme''
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
|Obere usoro ihe nkiri TV nke Jacques Ertaud duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1990
|''Okooko osisi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ''
|Onye nduzi
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
|''Olee otú anyị ga-esi nwee obi ụtọ''
|Onye nduzi, onye edemede na onye na-ese ihe nkiri
|Dị mkpirikpi
|-
|''Cornichons na chocolate''
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1994
|''Oh Chineke, ụmụ nwanyị hụrụ n'anya nke ukwuu''
|Onye nduzi na onye edemede
|
|-
|}

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

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{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clement, Magali}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Irene Muzás</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T13:03:35Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353857976|Irene Muzás]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Irene Muzás Calpe''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1974) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Spain. N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ na Spain. 

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya ==
A mụrụ Muzás n'afọ 1974 na Barcelona, [[Spain]].&lt;ref name=&quot;atid&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rabinato|url=https://www.atid.es/section-29/rabinato|work=Atid synagogue|accessdate=4 May 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke mmụta na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee na agụmagụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Barcelona, ebe ọ gụchakwara nzere postgraduate na mmụta na ngalaba gaụmagụ Bekee, ma gaa n'ihu na-amụ Classical philology na Mahadum nke Barcelona na ọdịbendị na ọha mmadụ nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na Mahaduma Open nke Catalonia . &lt;ref name=&quot;atid&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Planes|first=Joan|title=La barcelonesa Irene Muzás Calpe será la primera mujer rabina en España|url=https://www.larazon.es/cataluna/20221022/gnm73zv2xfeadfo6pfbscoojle.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]]|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum International nke La Rioja . &lt;ref name=&quot;objective&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Una barcelonesa de 48 años será la primera mujer rabina de España|url=https://theobjective.com/sociedad/2022-10-22/barcelonesa-primera-mujer-rabina-espana/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|The Objective (Spain)|es|The Objective}}|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụbuola ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị na onye nkuzi asụsụ Bekee na Latin.&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Montobbio Campa|first=Lucía|title=Irene Muzás, primera rabina catalana: “La principal lluita de la dona és normalitzar la seva presència”|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/irene-muzas-primera-rabina-catalana-principal|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=7 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhọpụta ==
Ọ tụgharịrị okpukpe ma ghọọ onye Juu n'afọ 2013, mgbe Okpukpe ndị Juu masịrị ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ, n'ịmụ Hibru ma na-aga ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala ndị Juu na Mahadum Barcelona . &lt;ref name=&quot;español&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Martínez|first=David|title=El camino de Irene para convertirse en la primera mujer rabina de España: &quot;En Barcelona hay que ir con cautela con un kipá&quot;|url=https://www.elespanol.com/porfolio/20221113/camino-irene-convertirse-primera-espana-barcelona-cautela/717428578_0.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Español]]|date=13 November 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Planes|first=Joan|title=La barcelonesa Irene Muzás Calpe será la primera mujer rabina en España|url=https://www.larazon.es/cataluna/20221022/gnm73zv2xfeadfo6pfbscoojle.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]]|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPlanes2022&quot;&gt;Planes, Joan (22 October 2022). [https://www.larazon.es/cataluna/20221022/gnm73zv2xfeadfo6pfbscoojle.html &quot;La barcelonesa Irene Muzás Calpe será la primera mujer rabina en España&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Irene Muzás Calpe, from Barcelona, is set to become Spain’s first female rabbi&amp;#x5D;. ''[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]]'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ sonyeere ngalaba otu Atid nke Barcelona, site na okpukpe ndị Juu Conservative.&lt;ref name=&quot;3cat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Irene Muzás, la primera rabina catalana i una de les poques d'Europa, ordenada a Alemanya|url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/irene-muzas-calpe-la-primera-rabina-catalana/noticia/3191759/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[3Cat]]|date=24 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Montobbio Campa|first=Lucía|title=Irene Muzás, primera rabina catalana: “La principal lluita de la dona és normalitzar la seva presència”|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/irene-muzas-primera-rabina-catalana-principal|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=7 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMontobbio_Campa2022&quot;&gt;Montobbio Campa, Lucía (7 November 2022). [https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/irene-muzas-primera-rabina-catalana-principal &quot;Irene Muzás, primera rabina catalana: &quot;La principal lluita de la dona és normalitzar la seva presència&quot;&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Irene Muzás, the first Catalan rabbi: ‘The main struggle for women is to normalise their presence.’&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Catalunya Religió]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:ca:Catalunya Religió|ca]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;'' (in Catalan)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ nke Spain na Zacharias Frankel College nke Mahadum Potsdam, Germany, mgbe o mechara thesis ya na Lilith maka nzere masta nke nkà mmụta okpukpe ndị Juu. &lt;ref name=&quot;3cat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Irene Muzás, la primera rabina catalana i una de les poques d'Europa, ordenada a Alemanya|url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/irene-muzas-calpe-la-primera-rabina-catalana/noticia/3191759/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[3Cat]]|date=24 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/irene-muzas-calpe-la-primera-rabina-catalana/noticia/3191759/ &quot;Irene Muzás, la primera rabina catalana i una de les poques d'Europa, ordenada a Alemanya&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Irene Muzás, the first Catalan rabbi and one of the few in Europe, was ordained in Germany&amp;#x5D;. ''[[3Cat]]'' (in Catalan). [[TV3 (Catalan TV channel)|TV3]]. 24 October 2022&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lilith: la primera Eva, con Irene Muzas Calpe|url=https://www.radiosefarad.com/lilith-la-primera-eva-con-irene-muzas-calpe/|work=Radio Sefarad|accessdate=4 May 2026|date=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;español&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Martínez|first=David|title=El camino de Irene para convertirse en la primera mujer rabina de España: &quot;En Barcelona hay que ir con cautela con un kipá&quot;|url=https://www.elespanol.com/porfolio/20221113/camino-irene-convertirse-primera-espana-barcelona-cautela/717428578_0.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Español]]|date=13 November 2022|language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMartínez2022&quot;&gt;Martínez, David (13 November 2022). [https://www.elespanol.com/porfolio/20221113/camino-irene-convertirse-primera-espana-barcelona-cautela/717428578_0.html &quot;El camino de Irene para convertirse en la primera mujer rabina de España: &quot;En Barcelona hay que ir con cautela con un kipá&quot;&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Irene’s journey to becoming Spain’s first female rabbi: “In Barcelona, you have to be careful when wearing a kippah”&amp;#x5D;. ''[[El Español]]'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=Ordenen a Berlín la primera rabí catalana|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2208841-ordenen-a-berlin-la-primera-rabi-catalana.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Punt Avui]]|date=22 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba nke afọ 2022, Muzás ghọrọ onye isi nke ụlọ nzukọ Atid na Barcelona mgbe onye rabaị Stephen Berkowitz lara ezumike nká.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=“M’ha sorprès l’expectació per la meva ordenació”|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2222267-m-ha-sorpres-l-expectacio-per-la-meva-ordenacio.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=El Punt Avui|date=26 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}{{Women rabbis}}{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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        <username>Akwugo</username>
        <id>11031</id>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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'''Irene Muzás Calpe''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1974) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Spain. N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ na Spain. 

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya ==
A mụrụ Muzás n'afọ 1974 na Barcelona, [[Spain]].&lt;ref name=&quot;atid&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rabinato|url=https://www.atid.es/section-29/rabinato|work=Atid synagogue|accessdate=4 May 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke mmụta na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee na agụmagụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Barcelona, ebe ọ gụchakwara nzere postgraduate na mmụta na ngalaba gaụmagụ Bekee, ma gaa n'ihu na-amụ Classical philology na Mahadum nke Barcelona na ọdịbendị na ọha mmadụ nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na Mahaduma Open nke Catalonia . &lt;ref name=&quot;atid&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Planes|first=Joan|title=La barcelonesa Irene Muzás Calpe será la primera mujer rabina en España|url=https://www.larazon.es/cataluna/20221022/gnm73zv2xfeadfo6pfbscoojle.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]]|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum International nke La Rioja . &lt;ref name=&quot;objective&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Una barcelonesa de 48 años será la primera mujer rabina de España|url=https://theobjective.com/sociedad/2022-10-22/barcelonesa-primera-mujer-rabina-espana/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|The Objective (Spain)|es|The Objective}}|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụbuola ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị na onye nkuzi asụsụ Bekee na Latin.&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Montobbio Campa|first=Lucía|title=Irene Muzás, primera rabina catalana: “La principal lluita de la dona és normalitzar la seva presència”|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/irene-muzas-primera-rabina-catalana-principal|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=7 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhọpụta ==
Ọ tụgharịrị okpukpe ma ghọọ onye Juu n'afọ 2013, mgbe Okpukpe ndị Juu masịrị ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ, n'ịmụ Hibru ma na-aga ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala ndị Juu na Mahadum Barcelona . &lt;ref name=&quot;español&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Martínez|first=David|title=El camino de Irene para convertirse en la primera mujer rabina de España: &quot;En Barcelona hay que ir con cautela con un kipá&quot;|url=https://www.elespanol.com/porfolio/20221113/camino-irene-convertirse-primera-espana-barcelona-cautela/717428578_0.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Español]]|date=13 November 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot; /&gt; Ọ sonyeere ngalaba otu Atid nke Barcelona, site na okpukpe ndị Juu Conservative.&lt;ref name=&quot;3cat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Irene Muzás, la primera rabina catalana i una de les poques d'Europa, ordenada a Alemanya|url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/irene-muzas-calpe-la-primera-rabina-catalana/noticia/3191759/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[3Cat]]|date=24 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucia&quot; /&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ nke Spain na Zacharias Frankel College nke Mahadum Potsdam, Germany, mgbe o mechara thesis ya na Lilith maka nzere masta nke nkà mmụta okpukpe ndị Juu. &lt;ref name=&quot;3cat&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lilith: la primera Eva, con Irene Muzas Calpe|url=https://www.radiosefarad.com/lilith-la-primera-eva-con-irene-muzas-calpe/|work=Radio Sefarad|accessdate=4 May 2026|date=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;español&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=Ordenen a Berlín la primera rabí catalana|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2208841-ordenen-a-berlin-la-primera-rabi-catalana.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Punt Avui]]|date=22 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba nke afọ 2022, Muzás ghọrọ onye isi nke ụlọ nzukọ Atid na Barcelona mgbe onye rabaị Stephen Berkowitz lara ezumike nká.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=“M’ha sorprès l’expectació per la meva ordenació”|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2222267-m-ha-sorpres-l-expectacio-per-la-meva-ordenacio.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=El Punt Avui|date=26 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}{{Women rabbis}}{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Irene Muzás Calpe''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1974) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Spain. N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ na Spain. 

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya ==
A mụrụ Muzás n'afọ 1974 na Barcelona, [[Spain]].&lt;ref name=&quot;atid&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rabinato|url=https://www.atid.es/section-29/rabinato|work=Atid synagogue|accessdate=4 May 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke mmụta na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee na agụmagụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Barcelona, ebe ọ gụchakwara nzere postgraduate na mmụta na ngalaba gaụmagụ Bekee, ma gaa n'ihu na-amụ Classical philology na Mahadum nke Barcelona na ọdịbendị na ọha mmadụ nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na Mahaduma Open nke Catalonia . &lt;ref name=&quot;atid&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Planes|first=Joan|title=La barcelonesa Irene Muzás Calpe será la primera mujer rabina en España|url=https://www.larazon.es/cataluna/20221022/gnm73zv2xfeadfo6pfbscoojle.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]]|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum International nke La Rioja . &lt;ref name=&quot;objective&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Una barcelonesa de 48 años será la primera mujer rabina de España|url=https://theobjective.com/sociedad/2022-10-22/barcelonesa-primera-mujer-rabina-espana/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|The Objective (Spain)|es|The Objective}}|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụbuola ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị na onye nkuzi asụsụ Bekee na Latin.&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Montobbio Campa|first=Lucía|title=Irene Muzás, primera rabina catalana: “La principal lluita de la dona és normalitzar la seva presència”|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/irene-muzas-primera-rabina-catalana-principal|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=7 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhọpụta ==
Ọ tụgharịrị okpukpe ma ghọọ onye Juu n'afọ 2013, mgbe Okpukpe ndị Juu masịrị ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ, n'ịmụ Hibru ma na-aga ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala ndị Juu na Mahadum Barcelona . &lt;ref name=&quot;español&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Martínez|first=David|title=El camino de Irene para convertirse en la primera mujer rabina de España: &quot;En Barcelona hay que ir con cautela con un kipá&quot;|url=https://www.elespanol.com/porfolio/20221113/camino-irene-convertirse-primera-espana-barcelona-cautela/717428578_0.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Español]]|date=13 November 2022|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;razon&quot; /&gt; Ọ sonyeere ngalaba otu Atid nke Barcelona, site na okpukpe ndị Juu Conservative.&lt;ref name=&quot;3cat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Irene Muzás, la primera rabina catalana i una de les poques d'Europa, ordenada a Alemanya|url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/irene-muzas-calpe-la-primera-rabina-catalana/noticia/3191759/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[3Cat]]|date=24 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lucia&quot; /&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ nke Spain na Zacharias Frankel College nke Mahadum Potsdam, Germany, mgbe o mechara thesis ya na Lilith maka nzere masta nke nkà mmụta okpukpe ndị Juu. &lt;ref name=&quot;3cat&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lilith: la primera Eva, con Irene Muzas Calpe|url=https://www.radiosefarad.com/lilith-la-primera-eva-con-irene-muzas-calpe/|work=Radio Sefarad|accessdate=4 May 2026|date=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;español&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=Ordenen a Berlín la primera rabí catalana|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2208841-ordenen-a-berlin-la-primera-rabi-catalana.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Punt Avui]]|date=22 October 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba nke afọ 2022, Muzás ghọrọ onye isi nke ụlọ nzukọ Atid na Barcelona mgbe onye rabaị Stephen Berkowitz lara ezumike nká.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=“M’ha sorprès l’expectació per la meva ordenació”|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2222267-m-ha-sorpres-l-expectacio-per-la-meva-ordenacio.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=El Punt Avui|date=26 November 2022|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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        <id>24524</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353928320|Catherine Leroy]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Catherine Leroy''' (Ọgọst 27, 1944 – Julaị 8, 2006) bụ onye nta akụkọ foto [[France|a mụrụ na mba Frans]] na onye na-ese foto agha, onye foto ya doro anya nke agha gosiri akụkọ Agha Vietnam na peeji nke akwụkwọ akụkọ &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwCw&quot;&gt;Life&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na mbipụta ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-170328&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Herman, Elizabeth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/28/opinion/vietnam-leroy-photoessay.html|title=The Greatest War Photographer You've Never Heard Of|work=The New York Times|date=March 28, 2017|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Leroy na mpaghara mpụga Paris na Ọgọst 27, 1944.&lt;ref name=&quot;DCL-bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dotationcatherineleroy.org/en/biography/biography-dates/|title=Biography|work=Dotation Catherine Leroy|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Katọlik, iji mee ka enyi ya nwoke nwee mmasị, o nwetara ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ dị afọ 18.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAT-021208&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html|title=A window on the war|date=8 December 2002|author=Freudenheim, Susan|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe foto agha ọ hụrụ na ''Paris Match'' kpaliri ya, o kpebiri ịga South Vietnam iji &quot;mee ka agha bụrụ ihu mmadụ.&quot; Mgbe ọ dị afọ 21, ọ gbara akwụkwọ tiketi otu ụzọ gaa South Vietnam na 1966, naanị otu Leica M2 na $200 n'akpa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ind-obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/catherine-leroy-408257.html|title=Obituary: Catherine Leroy|author=Phil Davison|work=[[The Independent]]|date=17 July 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ bịarutere [[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]] n'afọ 1966, Leroy zutere onye na-ese foto bụ Horst Faas, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Associated Press . Otu afọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ mbụ a kwadoro isonye na ịwụli elu parachute agha na 23 Febụwarị 1967, wee sonyere ndị agha 173rd Airborne Brigade na Operation Junction City. Ọ dị obere ma dị gịrịgịrị nke na a ga-atụ ya ibu ka ọ ghara ịfụ ụfụ n'oge ịwụli elu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/vietnam-photos/|title=The Vietnam War Pictures That Moved Them Most}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwụsịrị akwụkwọ ikike mgbasa ozi ya nwa oge mgbe ọ ṅụchara iyi nye onye ọrụ mmiri bụ́ onye o chere na ọ na-eweda onwe ya ala n'ịjụ arịrịọ ya ịwụli elu obere oge ka Operation Junction City gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAT-021208&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html|title=A window on the war|date=8 December 2002|author=Freudenheim, Susan|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFreudenheim,_Susan2002&quot;&gt;Freudenheim, Susan (8 December 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html &quot;A window on the war&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 September&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge agha maka Ugwu 881 na 30 Eprel 1967, o sere ọtụtụ foto nke onye agha mmiri US bụ Vernon Wike ka ọ na-elekọta otu onye agha mmiri na-anwụ anwụ nke e bipụtara na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwQA&quot;&gt;Life&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; iji nye otuto dị ukwuu. Na foto ndị ahụ, Wike dara n'ahịhịa dị ogologo ka ọ na-ejide otu onye agha mmiri a gbara égbè mgbe anwụrụ ọkụ sitere n'agha ahụ na-ebili n'azụ ha. N'ime foto mbụ, Wike nwere aka abụọ n'obi onye agha mmiri ahụ, na-agbalị igbochi ọnyá ahụ. Na nke abụọ, ọ na-agbalị ịchọta obi mgbawa. Na foto nke atọ, &quot;Onye agha mmiri n'ime nhụjuanya&quot;, ọ ka ghọtara na nwoke ahụ anwụọla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ind-obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/catherine-leroy-408257.html|title=Obituary: Catherine Leroy|author=Phil Davison|work=[[The Independent]]|date=17 July 2006}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPhil_Davison2006&quot;&gt;Phil Davison (17 July 2006). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/catherine-leroy-408257.html &quot;Obituary: Catherine Leroy&quot;]. ''[[The Independent]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 19 Mee 1967, mgbe ọ na-ese foto nke otu ndị agha mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na Operation Hickory na nso Mpaghara Ndị Agha Vietnam (PAVN), ọ merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu site na ogbunigwe ndị agha People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). Leroy mechara nye igwefoto otuto maka ịzọpụta ndụ ya site n'ịkwụsị ụfọdụ iberibe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAT-021208&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html|title=A window on the war|date=8 December 2002|author=Freudenheim, Susan|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFreudenheim,_Susan2002&quot;&gt;Freudenheim, Susan (8 December 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html &quot;A window on the war&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 September&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E buru ụzọ kpọpụ ya gaa Con Thien, emesịa gaa USS Ebe nsọ, ebe onyeisi ndị agha mmiri nke atọ, General Lew Walt, letara ya. E bufere ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na [[Da Nang|Danang]] ma hapụ ya n'etiti ọnwa Juun.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAT-060711&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jul-11-me-leroy11-story.html|title=Catherine Leroy, 60; War Photographer|date=July 11, 2006|author=Nelson, Valerie J.|work=The Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 95–7 

Na Septemba afọ 1967, o sere foto maka nnọchibido Con Thien. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1967, ọ gara leta ezinụlọ ya na Paris wee fega laghachi na New York ebe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na ụlọ ọrụ foto Black Star.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:110–1 

N'afọ 1968, n'oge mwakpo Tet, ndị agha PAVN jidere Leroy na onye nta akụkọ Agence France-Presse bụ Francois Mazure n'oge Agha Huế. O jisiri ike kparịta ụka wee pụta dị ka onye nta akụkọ mbụ sere foto nke ndị agha PAVN n'azụ ahịrị ha. Akụkọ sochirinụ mere ka a mata ''Ndụ''.

Ná mmalite afọ 1968, Overseas Press Club nyere ya ihe nrite George Polk maka foto ya na Hill 881, wee bụrụ onye mbụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na nwanyị mbụ meriri ihe nrite ahụ. N'emume ihe nrite ahụ na mbido Eprel na New York, o jiri okwu nnabata ya katọọ Associated Press nke o boro ebubo na ọ tụfuru ihe ọjọọ ya, nke mebiri mmekọrịta ya na AP na Horst Faas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:123–5 Mgbe ọ laghachiri na South Vietnam na Mee, ọ gbalịsiri ike inwetaghachi ume ya, na-efunahụ ọchịchọ maka ọrụ ubi:

Edemede foto ikpeazụ ya nke Vietnam ''bụ́ This is That War'' ka e bipụtara na magazin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwgw&quot;&gt;Look&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na 14 Mee 1968 n'otu mbipụta ahụ ebe ndị nchịkọta akụkọ gbanwere iwu iji katọọ agha ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:126–7 

Leroy si South Vietnam lọta Paris n'etiti Disemba 1968. N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1969, ọ nabatara ọrụ site n'aka ''Look'' ka ọ gaa leta ememme Woodstock mana n'ụbọchị mbụ o kpebiri isonyere ìgwè mmadụ ahụ wee jiri ọnwa ndị sochirinụ na-eme njem na ịṅụ ọgwụ ike na ndị agha Vietnam ọ zutere ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:130–1 

N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1972, ya na [[Frank Cavestani]] malitere ịse ihe nkiri ''Operation Last Patrol'', ihe nkiri gbasara Ron Kovic na ndị agha Vietnam na-alụso agha ọgụ na ngagharị iwe ha na Mgbakọ Mba Republican nke afọ 1972 na Miami Beach. Ihe nkiri ahụ kpaliri Kovic ide akụkọ ndụ ya ''Born on the Fourth of July''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;: 210–1 

Ọ laghachiri Saigon n'etiti Eprel 1975, ọ bụghị dịka onye nta akụkọ, kama iji hụ ọdịda Saigon. Na 30 Eprel, ya na Françoise Demulder sere foto PAVN ka ha na-abanye n'obodo ahụ, ebe Demulder sere foto a ma ama nke tankị na-ada site n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Obí Nnwere Onwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;: 236–7 

Mgbe ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere Agha Obodo Lebanọn n'afọ 1976, ọ malitere mmekọrịta ya na onye nta akụkọ Agence France-Presse bụ́ Bernard Estrade. E zigara Estrade na Hanoi, na 1980, Leroy nọrọ ọnwa abụọ na-agagharị na mba ahụ na-ese foto maka ncheta afọ ise nke njedebe agha ahụ. Site na 1977 ruo 1986, ọ kọrọ akụkọ esemokwu dị na Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Somalia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran na Libya maka ''oge'' na-akwụsị ise foto agha na mbido afọ 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;: 240 

Leroy rere ọrụ ya na mbụ nye United Press International na Associated Press, ma mechaa rụọ ọrụ na Sipa Press na Gamma. Na 1983, Leroy so dee akwụkwọ bụ́ ''God Cried'', gbasara mwakpo ndị agha Izrel wakporo West Beirut n'oge Agha Lebanon nke 1982.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ind-obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/catherine-leroy-408257.html|title=Obituary: Catherine Leroy|author=Phil Davison|work=[[The Independent]]|date=17 July 2006}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPhil_Davison2006&quot;&gt;Phil Davison (17 July 2006). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/catherine-leroy-408257.html &quot;Obituary: Catherine Leroy&quot;]. ''[[The Independent]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịla ezumike nká ==
O bi na Hotel Chelsea na ngwụcha afọ 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chelseahotelblog.com/living_with_legends_the_h/2006/07/catherine_leroy.html|title=Catherine Leroy: 1946 - 2006|author=Hamilton, Ed|date=12 July 2006|work=Hotel Chelsea Blog|publisher=Living with Legends: Hotel Chelsea Blog, The Last Outpost of Bohemia|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe o mechara, ọ hiwere ma na-achịkwa ụlọ ahịa uwe ochie, ''Piece Unique'', nke nwere weebụsaịtị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fashionmission.nl/Online-Shopping-Vintage--Piece-Unique--0002300007.dfs|title=Piece Unique &amp;#124; Catherine Leroy &amp;#124; PieceUnique - Fashionmission|accessdate=2010-01-04|archivedate=2022-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313114312/http://www.fashionmission.nl/Online-Shopping-Vintage--Piece-Unique--0002300007.dfs}}&lt;/ref&gt; Piece Unique nwekwara ụlọ ngosi ihe osise dị n'ịntanetị nke Agha Vietnam, nke akpọrọ &quot;Under Fire: Images From Vietnam&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAT-021208&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html|title=A window on the war|date=8 December 2002|author=Freudenheim, Susan|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFreudenheim,_Susan2002&quot;&gt;Freudenheim, Susan (8 December 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html &quot;A window on the war&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 September&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2005, ''Paris-Match'' zigara ya [[Arizona]] maka nzukọ ọzọ ya na Vernon Wike n'ihe ga-abụ ọrụ ikpeazụ ya maka foto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:241&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=Paris-Match|title=Vietnam : quand les fantômes de la guerre s'invitent à la maison|date=27 June 2018|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Vietnam-quand-les-fantomes-de-la-guerre-s-invitent-a-la-maison-1546916}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ nwụrụ na Santa Monica, [[California]], otu izu ka a chọpụtara na ọ nwere kansa akpa ume.&lt;ref name=&quot;Becker&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecker2021&quot;&gt;Becker, Elizabeth (2021). ''You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War''. Public Affairs Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781541768208|&lt;bdi&gt;9781541768208&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:241 

== Ihe nrite ==
Leroy meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya, gụnyere nime afọ 1967 ihe nrite George Polk, Foto nke Afọ, The Sigma Delta Chi, na The Art Director's Club nke New York. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ natara ihe nrite Robert Capa Gold Medal - &quot;akụkọ foto kacha mma ebipụtara site na mba ofesi nke chọrọ obi ike na azụmaahịa pụrụ iche&quot; - maka akụkọ agha obodo Lebanon, n'afọ 1976.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2006/07/leroy.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113143730/http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2006/07/leroy.html|author=Winslow, Donald R.|title=Vietnam War Photojournalist Catherine Leroy, 60|publisher=National Press Photographers Association|date=July 11, 2006|accessdate=28 September 2017|archivedate=13 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1997, ọ natara ihe nrite nsọpụrụ maka ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na akụkọ nta akụkọ site na Mahadum Missouri.

== Ọrụ ==

* Catherine Leroy, ed. (2005). ''Under fire: ndị na-ese foto na ndị edemede dị ukwuu na Vietnam''. Random House.
* Tony Clifton; Catherine Leroy (1983). ''God Cried''. Akwụkwọ Quartet.

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* &quot;Catherine Leroy Remembered&quot;, Contact Press Images, July 2006naỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback  (nke e debere n'April 17, 2015) 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715104516/http://stateoftheart.popphoto.com/blog/2007/03/a_tribute_to_ca.html &quot;A Tribute to Catherine Leroy&quot;, American Photo, March 22, 2007]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725051509/http://www.zoiiebeanpictures.com/catherine.html &quot;Catherine Leroy 1945-2006&quot;, ''Zoiie Bean'']
* {{IMDb name|0503736}}

=== Ebe a na-ese ihe n'ịntanetị ===

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.pieceuniquegallery.com/leroy/cl_gallery.html|title=Catherine Leroy Gallery|author=Leroy, Catherine|date=2002|publisher=Piece Unique|accessdate=28 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020720032425/http://www.pieceuniquegallery.com/leroy/cl_gallery.html|archivedate=20 July 2002}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Leroy, Catherine}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
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    <title>Ulrike Auga</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353215888|Ulrike Auga]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:UlrikeEAuga(cropped).jpg|alt=A colour photo portrait of a white woman with fair hair in a bun, wearing black jacket and top and pearl necklace and earrings|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Auga n'afọ 2017]]
'''Ulrike Ernst-Auga''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1964) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ulrike Auga - Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek|url=https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/132385708?lang=en|work=www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de|accessdate=3 May 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye ọkà mmụta nke ngalaba okpukpe na agụmakwụkwọ nke mba Germany. Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta okpukpe na ọmụmụ okike na Mahadum Humboldt nke Berlin na onye isi oche nke International Association for the Study of Religion and Gender .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Short CV - Prof. Dr. Ulrike E. Auga|url=https://sincletica.cat/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Auga-Ulrike-Short-CV-2022-Sincletica.pdf|work=Sincletica Monastic School|accessdate=3 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dolff-Bonekämper|first=Hans-Rudolf Meier, Gabriele|title=Graduiertenkolleg Identität und Erbe|url=https://www.identitaet-und-erbe.org/en/personen/ulrike-e-auga/|accessdate=3 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye otu nke Center of Theological Inquiry na Princeton, nke New Jersey, United States, na nke Zentrum für transdisziplinäre Geschlechterstudien (Center for Transdisciplinary Gender Studies) na Mahadum Humboldt nke Berlin, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Homepage Ulrike Auga|url=https://www.ulrikeauga.com/|work=Prof. Dr. Ulrike Ernst-Auga|accessdate=3 May 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụ onye bụbu prọfesọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ozi, ecumencism na ọmụmụ okpukpe na ngalaba nke nkà mmụta okpukpe ndị Protestant nke Mahadum Hamburg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dr. Ulrike Auga : Fachbereich Evangelische Theologie : Universität Hamburg|url=https://www.theologie.uni-hamburg.de/einrichtungen/institute/interkulturelle-theologie-und-religionswissenschaft/ehemalige-und-emeriti/ulrike-auga.html|work=www.theologie.uni-hamburg.de|accessdate=3 May 2026|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị obipụtara a họọrọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Auga|first=Ulrike|title=An epistemology of religion and gender: biopolitics - performativity - agency|date=2020|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon New York (N.Y.)|isbn=9780429276002}}
* {{Cite book|editor=Auga|title=Gender in conflicts: Palestine, Israel, Germany|date=2006|publisher=Lit|location=Münster|isbn=9783825892814}}
* {{Cite book|editor=Auga|title=Das Geschlecht der Wissenschaften: Zur Geschichte von Akademikerinnen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert|date=2010|publisher=Campus Verlag|location=Weinheim|isbn=9783593408644|edition=1. Auflage}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Ernst-Auga|first=Ulrike|title=Reimagining Religious Studies through Postcolonial, Intersectional, and Queer Frameworks: From Deessentialization, Deconstruction, and Disidentification to Agency, Human Flourishing, Minor Discourses, and Becoming|journal=The Palgrave Handbook of Queer and Trans Studies in Religion|date=2025|pages=25–45|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-88256-2_3}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Auga|first=Ulrike|title=Do Not Conform to the Patterns of this World! A Postcolonial Investigation of Performativity, Metamorphoses and Bodily Materiality in Romans 12|journal=Feminist Theology|date=September 2014|volume=23|issue=1|pages=37–54|doi=10.1177/0966735014542377}}
* {{Cite web|author=Plöckinger|first=Ursula|title=The &quot;Four Principles&quot; of Western Medical Bioethics and the Bioethics of Shīʿī Islam in Iran|url=https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/items/c8f875af-cc0c-4b50-b2be-fc9b19ed2151|work=Religions|doi=10.18452/25865|date=17 November 2022}}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
{{authority control}}
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    <title>Annie Le Brun</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331182317|Annie Le Brun]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Annie Le Brun''' (15 Ọgọst 1942 – 29 Julaị 2024) bụ onye edemede France, onye na-ede uri na onye na-akatọ akwụkwọ..

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Le Brun na 15 Ọgọstụ 1942.  Mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ, ọ chọpụtara ihe ijuanya nke surrealism; Ọ gụrụ &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFA&quot;&gt;Nadja&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; nke André Breton na mbụ, aka na-edepụtaghachi Mad Love [fr] na Anthology of Black Humor. Obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na 1963, o zutere Breton n'onwe ya, wee sonye n'ọrụ nke ngagharị nke ndị surrealism ruo n'afọ 1969, mgbe otu ahụ gbasasịrị. Mgbe e mesịrị, megide ihe o weere dị ka mwepụ nke otu, ịhụnanya na ndọpụ uche, o kwupụtara na &quot;na ndị surrealism, mmadụ nwere ume, ọ bụrụgodị na ọ ga-achọpụta ọtụtụ mbara igwe, gịnị ga-emepe mgbalị pụrụ iche a na narị afọ nke iri abụọ iche echiche mmadụ niile?&quot;  Nke a bụ otú o si guzoro n'azụ surrealism, na-anabata ọchụchọ ya maka &quot;ịma mma na nnupụisi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arcane-17.com/pages/textes/appel-a-la-desertion-interview-d-annie-le-brun.html|title=Appel à la désertion (interview d'Annie le Brun)|work=archive.wikiwix.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003225511/http://www.arcane-17.com/pages/textes/appel-a-la-desertion-interview-d-annie-le-brun.html|archivedate=2017-10-03|accessdate=17 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1972, ọ chọtara ọrụ n'otu na Editions Now nke [[Pierre Peuchmaurd]] guzobere, ya na onye na-ede uri na onye na'ede egwuregwu [[Radovan Ivšić]]&quot;&gt;Radovan Ivsic, onye ghọrọ enyi ya, yana [[Georges Goldfayn]], [[Gerard Legrand]] na onye na - Toyen. Onye nke ikpeazụ ahụ gosipụtara na 1967 akwụkwọ uri mbụ ya Sur le champ . N'ime afọ ndị a, o dere ma bipụta ọtụtụ nchịkọta ndị ọzọ, nke a ga-anakọta na 2004 n'otu mpịakọta, n'okpuru aha Ombre pour ombre . N'oge a na-emepụta ihe, o so dee, n'etiti nchịkọta na edemede ndị ọzọ, ọrụ ngwakọta atọ nke e jikọtara ederede uri ya na ihe osise - ma foto na plastik - site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe dị iche iche: The Crossing of the Alps, nke ya na Radovan Ivšić dere na 1972 ma gosipụta ya na foto nke onye na-ese foto nke onye Ịtali [[Fabio De Sanctis]]; Nearby the nomads, nchịkọta uri nke Toyen sere na 1972; na n'ikpeazụ Annular Moon, akụkọ uri nke Toyan gosipụtara na 1977.

N'afọ 1977, na edemede ya &quot;Let loose everything,&quot; mgbe ahụ na 1988 na Vagit-prop, Annie Le Brun katọrọ ihe ọ weere dị ka aghụghọ nke ihe a na-akpọ &quot;feminist&quot; echiche, &quot;caricature nke echiche totalitarianism,&quot; n'ezie &quot;mpụtaghachi nke omume ọma na nzuzu nke na-akọwa echiche ụmụ nwanyị na mmekọahụ ... n'okpuru ụdị nyocha ziri ezi&quot;. Akwụkwọ Evelyne Sullerot bụ Le fait féminine (Fayard, 1978) na [[Marie-Françoise Hans]] and Gilles Lapouge's Les Femmes, pornography, and erotism (Ed de le Seuil, 1978), bụ ihe mkpali, kamakwa ndị dị ka: Simone de Beauvoir, Marguerite Duras, Benoite Groult, [[Germaine Greer]], Gisele Halimi, Elisabeth Badinter, [[Annie Leclerc]], [[Xaviere Gauthier]], Luce Irigaray, na Helene Cixous. Ọ dịghị onye a zọpụtara, ma n'adịghị ka &quot;ihe ndị ha ji aghọgbu echiche ha,&quot; &quot;ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ&quot; na &quot;iwe ike na-ada ada&quot;, nke ọ kọwara dị ka &quot;Stalinism n'ime petticoats&quot;, Annie Le Brun dere, dịka ọmụmaatụ:
 
N'ime mpempe akwụkwọ ya banyere iwebata ụmụ nwanyị a, agha dị ka ọ dị nso na egwu echiche, ọ jụrụ ezi uche nke njirimara na ike nke na-emebi onye na-ahụ n'anya ma na-ekpochi ụmụ nwanyị n'okwu nke otu ahụ, n'ikwekọ na ọrụ (nne nwanyị, nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ, wdg), na-eme ka onye ọ bụla ghara ịdị. Na nnupụisi ya megide agbụ nke &quot;echiche iyi ọha egwu nke nwanyị&quot;, nke na-aga n'ihu na-ewepụ ụmụ nwanyị, kamakwa megide usoro niile, echiche, òtù, Annie Le Brun weere akwụkwọ ya dị ka &quot;ọkpụkpọ maka ịgba ọsọ&quot;.

N'ime The Castles of Subversion (1982), Annie Le Brun nyochara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Gothic na akwụkwọ akụkọ fantastique noir, na-enyocha ọdịdị ala nke ihe nkiri ndị a dị egwu. Ọ gụrụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a, n'oge okwu nke Reason, mpụta nke ime ihe ike na nkatọ nke nkà ihe ọmụma Enlightenment, na-ekwupụta Romanticism.

N'afọ 2014, o mere ihe ngosi na Musée d'Orsay, na ọnwụ Marquis de Sade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/tag/annie-le-brun/|title=Annie Le Brun Archives – The Paris Review|work=The Paris Review|accessdate=17 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le Brun nwụrụ na 21 Julaị 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81.

== Ọrụ ==

=== Abụ uri ===

* Sur le champ, nke e sere na collages isii na pointes-sèches atọ site na Toyen, Paris, Éditions surréalistes, 1967.
* Okwu na-eme ka ịhụnanya, ihe ndị surrealist kwuru, Paris, Eric Losfeld, 1970.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* N'ebe ahụ, ''Ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị'', na ihe nkedo nke Toyen, Paris, mbipụta Maintenant, 1972.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Annulaire de lune, nke Toyen sere ihe osise isii na isi atọ, Paris, Maintenant, 1977.
* Ombre pour ombre, nchịkọta nke akwụkwọ ndị bu ụzọ, Paris, Gallimard, 2004.

=== Ihe odide ===

* L'Humour noir, na Entretiens sur le surréalisme, nke Ferdinand Alquié dezigharịrị, Paris-La Haye, ed. Nwa atụrụ, 1968
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Les Châteaux de la subversion, Paris, Jean-Jacques Pauvert and Garnier-Frères, 1982; re-edition. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Ọmụmụ ihe Folio&quot;, 1986.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* Le Sentiment de la nature à la fin du XXe siècle, avec photographs of Petar Dabac, Paris, éd. Ebe a na-arụ ọrụ, 1982.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Na mberede, a ga-ebipụta ya n'ụzọ dị omimi, Sade, Paris, Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1986; re-edition. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Ọmụmụ ihe&quot;, 2014.
* Appel d'air, Paris, réflexion sur la poésie, Paris, Plon, 1988; re-edition. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Obere na nnukwu ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Marquis de Sade s/d Annie Le Brun, Paris Art Center, 1989.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* ''Dị ka obere enyí! '' , postface na South Africa nke Alfred Jarry, Paris: Ramsay/Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1990.  
* Onye dị ndụ. Echiche ndị dị ugbu a banyere enweghị ike nke surrealism, Paris, Ramsay/Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1990.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Ndị Ogbu Mmadụ na enyo ha [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* De l'inanité de la littérature (nchịkọta nke ederede nkatọ), Paris, Jean-Jacques Pauvert in Belles Lettres, 1994.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Ihe oyiyi e gbupụrụ olu (n'ime arụmụka banyere negritude na creolité), Paris, Jean-Michel Place, 1996.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* Du trop de réalité, Paris, Stock, 2000; mbipụta ọzọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* Pour ne pas en finir avec la représentation, avec cinq photographes of Jindrich Styrsky, Strelec, Prague, 2003.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Leonora Carrington, la mariée du vent, ọrụ mkpokọta na ederede nke Homer Aridjis, André Breton, Max Ernst, Annie Le Brun, Octavio Paz na Delmari Romero Keith, Paris, coédition Gallimard/Maison de l'Amérique latine, 2008.
* Châteaux de la subversion, sochiri Suddenly a block of abyss, Sade, re-edition. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka ọ dị&quot;, 2010.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* ''Ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe nwere ọdịdị, ọ ga-abụ nke a'', Paris, Gallimard, 2010
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Arcades&quot;, 2011.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* Echiche rụrụ arụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Ihe osise na ndị na-ese ihe&quot;, 2012.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Mmụọ ozi nke ihe dị ịtụnanya. Le Romantisme noir: site na Goya ruo Max Ernst (nchịkọta), na Felix Krämer, Johannes Grave, Hubertus Kohle, Paris, Musée d'Orsay - Hatje Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern, 2013.
* Sade: attaquer le soleil, Paris, coédition Musée d'Orsay / Gallimard, nchịkọta &quot;Book d'Art &quot;, 2014.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
* Radovan Ivsic na oké ọhịa na-enweghị isi, nchịkọta Gallimard/Musée d'art contemporain de Zagreb, 2015.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Georgiana Colvile, N'ụzọ jọgburu onwe ya. Trente cuatro mujeres surréalistes, Paris, Jean-Michel Place éditeur, Paris, p. 165-171  &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;
* Judith Perrignon, &quot;La mécontemporaine&quot;, portrait d'Annie Le Brun, Libération, March 26, 2001.
* Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Annie Le Brun site na Frédéric Poletti, Philosophie Magazine, nke 26, Febụwarị 2009.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Two Annies – 3:AM Magazine|url=https://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/two-annies/|accessdate=2024-10-18|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

=== Njikọ Bekee ===

* [http://www.revoltlib.com/?id=3820 Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Revolt maka Annie Le Brun]
* [https://theanarchistlibrary.org/category/author/annie-lebrun TheAnarchistLibrary.org Archive maka Annie Le Brun]

* [http://www.ina.fr/video/CPB88012391/annie-le-brun.fr.html Banyere uri, banyere Call of Air, Apostrophes, 4.10.88]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100707052423/http://www.histoires-litteraires.org/les%20articles/entretienlebrun16.htm Mmalite nke ajụjụ ọnụ maka magazin Histoires littéraires''Akụkọ ihe mere eme'']
* Ajụjụ ọnụ na Le Matricule des anges''Ndebanye aha ndị mmụọ ozi''
* Ihe odide nke Ombre pour ombre na Poezibao
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171003225511/http://www.arcane-17.com/pages/textes/appel-a-la-desertion-interview-d-annie-le-brun.html Ọkpụkpọ òkù maka ịgba ọsọ], mkparịta ụka ya na Annie Le Brun
* Ajụjụ ọnụ na ''Marianne''
* &quot;Site n'ihe dị nta gaa n'ihe karịrị akarị: Annie Le Brun, ụkpụrụ omume nke ọdịiche zuru oke&quot;, nke Frédéric Aribit dere (pdf) (2002) 
* [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xrvi48_interview-annie-le-brun_lifestyle Ajụjụ ọnụ June 2012] na Yellow Culture Club''Klọb Ọdịbendị Yellow''
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352138050|Udoka Unachukwu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Rachel Udoka Unachukwu''' OON (amụrụ na Disemba 18 n'afọ 2005) bụ ọkachamara n'ịgba bọọlụ nke na-agba bọọlụ dịka onye nche goolu maka Nasarawa Amazons F.C.. Ọ na-agba bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu mba ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa.

O so n'òtù ndị otu ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa meriri iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025, e nyekwara ya onyinye nke National Honor Officer of the Order of the Niger, otu narị puku dọla na ụlọ nwere ime ụlọ atọ na Hope estate ọhụrụ dị na Abuja &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tinubu confers national honour, gifts $100k, houses to Super Falcons players|date=28 July 2025|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/tinubu-confers-national-honour-gifts-100k-houses-to-super-falcons-players/|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tinubu honours triumphant Super Falcons with national honours, $100,000 cash each|date=28 July 2025|url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-honours-triumphant-super-falcons-with-national-honours-100000-cash-each/|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2024&lt;ref name=&quot;NGA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria produce stunning comeback to beat Morocco and win 10th WAFCON title|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/nigeria-produce-stunning-comeback-to-beat-morocco-and-win-10th-wafcon-title/|accessdate=2 May 2026|publisher=CAF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye isi nke Order of the Niger[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]Usoro nke Niger

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Rachel Udoka Unachukwu''' OON (amụrụ na Disemba 18 n'afọ 2005) bụ ọkachamara n'ịgba bọọlụ nke na-agba bọọlụ dịka onye nche goolu maka Nasarawa Amazons F.C.. Ọ na-agba bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu mba ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa.

O so n'òtù ndị otu ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa meriri iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025, e nyekwara ya onyinye nke National Honor Officer of the Order of the Niger, otu narị puku dọla na ụlọ nwere ime ụlọ atọ na Hope estate ọhụrụ dị na Abuja &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tinubu confers national honour, gifts $100k, houses to Super Falcons players|date=28 July 2025|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/tinubu-confers-national-honour-gifts-100k-houses-to-super-falcons-players/|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tinubu honours triumphant Super Falcons with national honours, $100,000 cash each|date=28 July 2025|url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-honours-triumphant-super-falcons-with-national-honours-100000-cash-each/|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2024&lt;ref name=&quot;NGA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria produce stunning comeback to beat Morocco and win 10th WAFCON title|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/nigeria-produce-stunning-comeback-to-beat-morocco-and-win-10th-wafcon-title/|accessdate=2 May 2026|publisher=CAF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye isi nke Order of the Niger[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]Usoro nke Niger

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Janet Wolff''' (amụrụ na 25 Maachị 1943) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkà ihe osise na Britain. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ na North Western Gas Board, o kpebiri ịga mahadum mgbe ọ hụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị ka ọ na-aga otu,  o nwetara BSS na PhD na Mahadum Birmingham. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Leeds, Mahadum Rochester, Mahadum Columbia, na Mahadum Manchester, ebe ọ lara ezumike nká dị ka prọfesọ emeritus. O deela ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọmụmụ ihe nka, na mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Manchester na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Manchester.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
A mụrụ Wolff, onye sitere na ndị Juu na Germany, &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 25 Machị 1943 na Manchester n'aka Rosabelle (née Noar) na onye na-emepụta ọgwụ / onye nduzi ụlọ ọrụ Arthur Wolff. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nna ya na Berlin ma ọ gbapụrụ ọsọ n'oge ọchịchị ndị Nazi na-emegide ndị Juu gaa Eccles, Greater Manchester, ma na-arụ  ọrụ na  Lankro Chemicals. E gburu ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikwu ya na oge oké mgbukpọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;

Ezinụlọ Wolff biri n'ebe ugwu nke Manchester tupu ha akwaga Didsbury, ọ gụkwara akwụkwọ na Manchester High School for Girls. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWachmann&quot;&gt;Wachmann, Doreen. [https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html &quot;Janet's love-hate relationship with her home country&quot;]. ''Jewish Telegraph''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara Miss Wilkinson's  Secretarial College for Gentlewomen ma rụọ ọrụ na North Western Gas Board dị ka odeakwụkwọ nkeonwe nke onye njikwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; O kpebiri ịga mahadum mgbe nwanne ya nwanyị gara otu na Bristol, ọ gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma omume na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Birmingham, ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta BSS na nkwanye ùgwù  ọkwa mbụ na 1968 na PhD na Ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkà na 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943 &quot;Wolff, Janet 1943–&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O jikwa afọ abụọ gaa London Contemporary Dance School site na 1970 ruo 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na edemede ===
N'afọ 1973, &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943 &quot;Wolff, Janet 1943–&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wolff ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Leeds mgbe Zygmunt Bauman nyere ọrụ nkuzi n'ebe ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWachmann&quot;&gt;Wachmann, Doreen. [https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html &quot;Janet's love-hate relationship with her home country&quot;]. ''Jewish Telegraph''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya na Leeds na 1989 wee kwaga California.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme / Ọmụmụ Ihe Nkà na Omenala na Mahadum Rochester,  ebe ọ duziri mmemme PhD na ọmụmụ ihe na omenala (1991-2001). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://nyupress.org/author/janet-wolff/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=NYU Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; O mechara bụrụ Prọfesọ nke nkà na Mahadum Columbia,  ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote Dean maka Ihe Ndị Metụtara Agụmakwụkwọ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Nkà site na 2001 ruo 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AngloModern by Janet Wolff {{!}} Paperback|url=https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487422/anglomodern/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487422/anglomodern/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Cornell University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; O mechara nweta ọtụtụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị na UK,  na 2006, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Manchester. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; Ọ lara ezumike nka na mahadum n'afọ 2010 ma e mechaa bulie ya elu dị ka prọfesọ emeritus.&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 7, 2026|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=University of Manchester}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wolff lekwasịrị anya na mmekọrịta nke nkà; ịma mma; na nkà nke narị afọ nke 20. &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 7, 2026|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=University of Manchester}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff &quot;Janet Wolff&quot;]. ''University of Manchester''. 7 March 2026&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye dere Hermeneutic Philosophy and the Sociology of Art (1975), Aesthetics and the Sociological of Art (1983), Feminine Sentences: Essays on Women and Culture (1990), Resident Alien: Feminist Cultural Criticism (1995), na AngloModern: Painting and Modernity in Britain and the United States (2003), ya na Jane Routh dezigharịrị The Sociology of Literature: Theoretical Approaches (1977). &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943 &quot;Wolff, Janet 1943–&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;O so na  kọmitii ndị isi  nke British Sociological Association site na 1977 ruo 1979. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1993, e nyere ya Guggenheim Fellowship . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/janet-wolff/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Guggenheim Fellowships}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wolff malitere inwe mmasị n'ide akwụkwọ na-abụghị nke agụmakwụkwọ mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na Manchester.&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 7, 2026|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=University of Manchester}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff &quot;Janet Wolff&quot;]. ''University of Manchester''. 7 March 2026&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, o bipụtara akwụkwọ Austerity Baby, akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ịgba ọsọ ndụ na nchụpụ, site na Manchester University Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Manchester University Press – Austerity baby|url=https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526121301/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Manchester University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sokwa dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Manchester, dị ka Culture in Manchester (2013), The Photographs of Zygmunt Bauman (2023), na The Simons of Manchester (2024). &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;

=== Ndụ onwe onye ===
Na mbụ o bi na Woodhouse n'oge ọ nọ na Leeds, &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943 &quot;Wolff, Janet 1943–&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wolff kwagara Didsbury dị ka akụkụ nke nloghachi ya na United Kingdom. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWachmann&quot;&gt;Wachmann, Doreen. [https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html &quot;Janet's love-hate relationship with her home country&quot;]. ''Jewish Telegraph''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe United Kingdom tụchara vootu kwadoro Brexit, Wolff ghọrọ Nwa amaala Germany abụọ site na agbụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na Wolff na ndị mụrụ ya na-agakarị ụlọ nzukọ mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ezinụlọ ahụ &quot;[etinyeghị] aka nke ukwuu&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWachmann&quot;&gt;Wachmann, Doreen. [https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html &quot;Janet's love-hate relationship with her home country&quot;]. ''Jewish Telegraph''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  o mechara mata na ọ bụ onye Juu na-ekweghị na Chineke mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943 &quot;Wolff, Janet 1943–&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E nwere mgbe a chọpụtara na Wolff nwere ọrịa kansa thyroid, ihe ọ kwuru na ọ bụ mmiri nke ọkụ Windscale merụrụ na 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWachmann&quot;&gt;Wachmann, Doreen. [https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html &quot;Janet's love-hate relationship with her home country&quot;]. ''Jewish Telegraph''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* ''Hermeneutic Philosophy na Sociology of Art'' (1975) [a]
* (ed. ya na Jane Routh) The Sociology of Literature: Theoretical Approaches (1977) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Selden|first=Raman|date=1979|title=Review of The Sociology of Literature: Theoretical Approaches; The Sociology of Literature: Applied Studies|journal=Sociology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=154–157|issn=0038-0385}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (ed. ya na Michele Barrett, Philip Corrigan, na Annette Kuhn) Ideology and Cultural Production (1979) [b]
* Mmepụta Ọha nke Art (1981) [c]
* Aesthetics na Sociology of Art (1983) [d]
* (ed. ya na John Seed) The Culture of Capital: Art, Power and the Nineteenth-Century Middle Class (1988) [e]
* ''Okwu Ụmụ nwanyị: Essays on Women and Culture'' (1990) [f]
* ''Onye mbịarambịa bi: Nkatọ Ọdịbendị nke Ụmụ nwanyị'' (1995) [g]
* ''AngloModern: Ihe osise na Modernity na Britain na United States'' (2003) [h]
* The Aesthetics of Uncertainty (2008) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Haskins|first=Casey|date=2009|title=Review of The Aesthetics of Uncertainty|journal=The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism|volume=67|issue=4|pages=427–429|issn=0021-8529}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (ed. ya na Mike Savage) Culture in Manchester (2013) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 7, 2026|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=University of Manchester}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff &quot;Janet Wolff&quot;]. ''University of Manchester''. 7 March 2026&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 March&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* (ed. ya na Jackie Stacey) Writing Otherwise (2013) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;
* (ed. ya na Peter Beilharz) The Photographs of Zygmunt Bauman (2023) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;
* (ed. ya na John Ayshford na ndị ọzọ) The Simons of Manchester (2024) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe edeturu ==
 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;
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'''Janet Wolff''' (amụrụ na 25 Maachị 1943) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkà ihe osise na Britain. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ na North Western Gas Board, o kpebiri ịga mahadum mgbe ọ hụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị ka ọ na-aga otu,  o nwetara BSS na PhD na Mahadum Birmingham. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Leeds, Mahadum Rochester, Mahadum Columbia, na Mahadum Manchester, ebe ọ lara ezumike nká dị ka prọfesọ emeritus. O deela ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọmụmụ ihe nka, na mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Manchester na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Manchester.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
A mụrụ Wolff, onye sitere na ndị Juu na Germany, &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 25 Machị 1943 na Manchester n'aka Rosabelle (née Noar) na onye na-emepụta ọgwụ / onye nduzi ụlọ ọrụ Arthur Wolff. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nna ya na Berlin ma ọ gbapụrụ ọsọ n'oge ọchịchị ndị Nazi na-emegide ndị Juu gaa Eccles, Greater Manchester, ma na-arụ  ọrụ na  Lankro Chemicals. E gburu ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikwu ya na oge oké mgbukpọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;

Ezinụlọ Wolff biri n'ebe ugwu nke Manchester tupu ha akwaga Didsbury, ọ gụkwara akwụkwọ na Manchester High School for Girls. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara Miss Wilkinson's  Secretarial College for Gentlewomen ma rụọ ọrụ na North Western Gas Board dị ka odeakwụkwọ nkeonwe nke onye njikwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; O kpebiri ịga mahadum mgbe nwanne ya nwanyị gara otu na Bristol, ọ gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma omume na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Birmingham, ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta BSS na nkwanye ùgwù  ọkwa mbụ na 1968 na PhD na Ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkà na 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt; O jikwa afọ abụọ gaa London Contemporary Dance School site na 1970 ruo 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na edemede ===
N'afọ 1973, &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt; Wolff ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Leeds mgbe Zygmunt Bauman nyere ọrụ nkuzi n'ebe ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; Ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya na Leeds na 1989 wee kwaga California.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme / Ọmụmụ Ihe Nkà na Omenala na Mahadum Rochester,  ebe ọ duziri mmemme PhD na ọmụmụ ihe na omenala (1991-2001). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://nyupress.org/author/janet-wolff/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=NYU Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; O mechara bụrụ Prọfesọ nke nkà na Mahadum Columbia,  ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote Dean maka Ihe Ndị Metụtara Agụmakwụkwọ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Nkà site na 2001 ruo 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AngloModern by Janet Wolff {{!}} Paperback|url=https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487422/anglomodern/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487422/anglomodern/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Cornell University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; O mechara nweta ọtụtụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị na UK,  na 2006, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Manchester. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; Ọ lara ezumike nka na mahadum n'afọ 2010 ma e mechaa bulie ya elu dị ka prọfesọ emeritus.&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 7, 2026|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/janet.wolff|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=University of Manchester}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wolff lekwasịrị anya na mmekọrịta nke nkà; ịma mma; na nkà nke narị afọ nke 20. &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye dere Hermeneutic Philosophy and the Sociology of Art (1975), Aesthetics and the Sociological of Art (1983), Feminine Sentences: Essays on Women and Culture (1990), Resident Alien: Feminist Cultural Criticism (1995), na AngloModern: Painting and Modernity in Britain and the United States (2003), ya na Jane Routh dezigharịrị The Sociology of Literature: Theoretical Approaches (1977). &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt;O so na  kọmitii ndị isi  nke British Sociological Association site na 1977 ruo 1979. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1993, e nyere ya Guggenheim Fellowship . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Janet Wolff|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/janet-wolff/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Guggenheim Fellowships}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wolff malitere inwe mmasị n'ide akwụkwọ na-abụghị nke agụmakwụkwọ mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na Manchester.&lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2017, o bipụtara akwụkwọ Austerity Baby, akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ịgba ọsọ ndụ na nchụpụ, site na Manchester University Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Manchester University Press – Austerity baby|url=https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526121301/|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Manchester University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sokwa dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Manchester, dị ka Culture in Manchester (2013), The Photographs of Zygmunt Bauman (2023), na The Simons of Manchester (2024). &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;

=== Ndụ onwe onye ===
Na mbụ o bi na Woodhouse n'oge ọ nọ na Leeds, &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt; Wolff kwagara Didsbury dị ka akụkụ nke nloghachi ya na United Kingdom. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt; Mgbe United Kingdom tụchara vootu kwadoro Brexit, Wolff ghọrọ Nwa amaala Germany abụọ site na agbụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na Wolff na ndị mụrụ ya na-agakarị ụlọ nzukọ mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ezinụlọ ahụ &quot;[etinyeghị] aka nke ukwuu&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;  o mechara mata na ọ bụ onye Juu na-ekweghị na Chineke mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot; /&gt;

E nwere mgbe a chọpụtara na Wolff nwere ọrịa kansa thyroid, ihe ọ kwuru na ọ bụ mmiri nke ọkụ Windscale merụrụ na 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* ''Hermeneutic Philosophy na Sociology of Art'' (1975) [a]
* (ed. ya na Jane Routh) The Sociology of Literature: Theoretical Approaches (1977) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Selden|first=Raman|date=1979|title=Review of The Sociology of Literature: Theoretical Approaches; The Sociology of Literature: Applied Studies|journal=Sociology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=154–157|issn=0038-0385}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (ed. ya na Michele Barrett, Philip Corrigan, na Annette Kuhn) Ideology and Cultural Production (1979) [b]
* Mmepụta Ọha nke Art (1981) [c]
* Aesthetics na Sociology of Art (1983) [d]
* (ed. ya na John Seed) The Culture of Capital: Art, Power and the Nineteenth-Century Middle Class (1988) [e]
* ''Okwu Ụmụ nwanyị: Essays on Women and Culture'' (1990) [f]
* ''Onye mbịarambịa bi: Nkatọ Ọdịbendị nke Ụmụ nwanyị'' (1995) [g]
* ''AngloModern: Ihe osise na Modernity na Britain na United States'' (2003) [h]
* The Aesthetics of Uncertainty (2008) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Haskins|first=Casey|date=2009|title=Review of The Aesthetics of Uncertainty|journal=The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism|volume=67|issue=4|pages=427–429|issn=0021-8529}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (ed. ya na Mike Savage) Culture in Manchester (2013) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;
* (ed. ya na Jackie Stacey) Writing Otherwise (2013) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;
* (ed. ya na Peter Beilharz) The Photographs of Zygmunt Bauman (2023) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;
* (ed. ya na John Ayshford na ndị ọzọ) The Simons of Manchester (2024) &lt;ref name=&quot;mancu&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe edeturu ==
 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolff, Janet 1943–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/wolff-janet-1943|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;JT 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wachmann|first=Doreen|title=Janet’s love-hate relationship with her home country|url=https://www.jewishtelegraph.com/prof_419.html|accessdate=2026-03-07|work=Jewish Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;
{{authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Egwuregwu Eket Township</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75754</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637731</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:22:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345418195|Eket Township Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1103" sha1="3frv6mllj01gd0gjv6u9ytbtm7zjthw" xml:space="preserve">Eket Township Stadium bụ ama egwuregwu ọtụtụ ebumnuche dị na Eket, mpaghara ọchịchị ime obodo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Ama egwuregwu mepere na 2022 ma ejiri ya mee egwuregwu bọọlụ. Ama egwuregwu ahụ bụ ụlọ FC One Rocket na Vandrezzer FC. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike oche nke 17,000 ma nwee ọkụ ide mmiri, ámá egwuregwu ime ụlọ, na ebe egwuregwu.

N'afọ 2023, Akwa United weghachiri egwuregwu ha na Eket Stadium n'ihi oge na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke Godswill Akpabio Stadium na Uyo, nke a na-eji maka egwuregwu mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adesanya|first=Taiwo|date=2023-10-17|title=Akwa United relocate to Eket Stadium|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/10/17/akwa-united-relocate-to-eket-stadium/|accessdate=2025-02-06|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPFL: Akwa United set to play home games in Eket|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/634552-npfl-akwa-united-set-to-play-home-games-in-eket.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2025-02-06|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MKO Abiola Stadium</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>637732</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:23:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1275042968|MKO Abiola Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637732</origin>
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'''MKO Abiola Stadium''' bụ ámá egwuregwu a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe na [[Abeokuta]], Nigeria . A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke Gateway F.C. na Abeokuta Stormers SC. Ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ịba mmadụ 10,000.

Aha ámá egwuregwu ahụ bụ Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, onye ọchụnta ego, onye mbipụta akwụkwọ, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye isi obodo Abeokuta, Ogun State.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* https://web.archive.org/web/20100803050859/http://www.gatewayfc.com/homeground.php</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>637735</id>
      <parentid>637732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:26:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <text bytes="638" sha1="pm2v8ze10yyl8z9ajah5pixcsy2ssrm" xml:space="preserve">'''MKO Abiola Stadium''' bụ ámá egwuregwu a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe na [[Abeokuta]], Nigeria . A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a maka egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ma bụrụkwa ámá egwuregwu nke Gateway F.C. na Abeokuta Stormers SC. Ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ịba mmadụ 10,000.

Aha ámá egwuregwu ahụ bụ Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, onye ọchụnta ego, onye mbipụta akwụkwọ, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye isi obodo Abeokuta, Ogun State.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* https://web.archive.org/web/20100803050859/http://www.gatewayfc.com/homeground.php</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogige egwuregwu Yakubu Gowon</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>637733</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:25:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342282484|Yakubu Gowon Stadium]]&quot;</comment>
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Yakubu Gowon Stadium (nke bụbu ama egwuregwu Liberation) bụ ama egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na mpaghara Elekahia nke Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A na-eji ya ugbu a maka egwuregwu bọọlụ ma bụrụ ama egwuregwu ụlọ Rivers United FC, nke bụbu Dolphins FC Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke 16,000.

N'afọ 2015, a gbanwere aha ya n'aha onye bụbu onye isi agha, General [[Yakubu Gowon]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/nigeria-sports-news/194653-rivers-government-renames-liberation-stadium-after-gowon.html|title=Rivers Government renames Liberation Stadium after Gowon|date=6 December 2015|accessdate=6 October 2016|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ==

=== 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Ìgwè 1
!Nsonaazụ
!Ìgwè nke 2
!Ndị bịara ya
!Mgbasa
|-
|Eprel 8, 1999
| Honduras
|0–3
| Brazil
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |16,000
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ìgwè F
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eprel 11, 1999
| Zambia
|1–5
| Brazil
|-
| Honduras
|1–3
| Spain
|-
|15 Eprel 1999
| Spain
|3–2
| United States
|15,600
|Ugboro nke 16
|}

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>637734</id>
      <parentid>637733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:26:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <origin>637734</origin>
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      <text bytes="1223" sha1="0y8h3mm88sosny2opsqu30vijvf2e6h" xml:space="preserve">'''Yakubu Gowon Stadium''' (nke bụbu ama egwuregwu Liberation) bụ ama egwuregwu nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na mpaghara Elekahia nke Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A na-eji ya ugbu a maka egwuregwu bọọlụ ma bụrụ ama egwuregwu ụlọ Rivers United FC, nke bụbu Dolphins FC Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike nke 16,000.

N'afọ 2015, a gbanwere aha ya n'aha onye bụbu onye isi agha, General [[Yakubu Gowon]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/nigeria-sports-news/194653-rivers-government-renames-liberation-stadium-after-gowon.html|title=Rivers Government renames Liberation Stadium after Gowon|date=6 December 2015|accessdate=6 October 2016|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ==

=== 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Ìgwè 1
!Nsonaazụ
!Ìgwè nke 2
!Ndị bịara ya
!Mgbasa
|-
|Eprel 8, 1999
| Honduras
|0–3
| Brazil
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |16,000
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ìgwè F
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eprel 11, 1999
| Zambia
|1–5
| Brazil
|-
| Honduras
|1–3
| Spain
|-
|15 Eprel 1999
| Spain
|3–2
| United States
|15,600
|Ugboro nke 16
|}

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Babanawa F.C.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:28:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301457385|Babanawa F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637736</origin>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Babanawa F.C.
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |A chụpụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2011
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Onikan Stadium]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |10,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Col. Ahmadu Usman Suleiman
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|}
'''Babanawa FC''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke Naịjirịa National Division One, nke dị na [[Anyigba]], Kogi Steeti ma na-egwu egwuregwu ha n'ụlọ na [[Lokoja]].

== Nchịkọta ==
Ọ bụ Col. Ahmadu Usman Suleiman (rtd) nwe ha, na-eme ka ha bụrụ otu n'ime ọgbakọ ole na ole Naijiria na-esoghị gọọmentị steeti. N'afọ 2003, a kwụsịtụrụ ha na football amateur n'okpuru ọnọdụ &quot;arụmọrụ&quot; metụtara enweghị ike, wee kpọga NFL n'ụlọ ikpe ikpe mkpegharị, mechaa merie. Ndị otu a tụgharịrị n'afọ 2005 ka ha nwetachara Globe Stars FC wee họpụta ha ka ha na-egwu egwuregwu ụlọ ha n'ọgbọ egwuregwu Onikan. N'afọ 2006, ha gbara egwuregwu ụlọ ha na Gboko na Makurdi tupu ha alaghachi na Kogi steeti maka oge 2007. Ha hapụrụ Njikọ na 2011 mgbe ha emeghị egwuregwu atọ mbụ ha. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Babanawa Returns E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* [http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/sports/2006/may/17/sports-17-05-2006-003.htm Akụkọ Sun Online]
* [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24900937_ITM Babanawa dị njikere iburu NFA gaa n'ụlọ ikpe.]
[[Otú:Ȯra Kogi]]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anambra United F.C.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75758</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637739</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:51:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1217491311|Anambra United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Anambra United
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Anambra United Football Club
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1999; afọ 27 gara aga &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Ikpeazu Memorial Stadium]], Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Odi Ikpeazu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Wahab Haruna]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
'''Anambra United Football Club''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị n'obodo [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]] . Ha na-egwu egwuregwu na [[Abakaléké|Abakaliki]] site na 1999 ruo 2008 dị ka Ebonyi Angels FC, mana e rere otu ahụ na Anambra State na Machị 2008 ma nye ha aha Anambra United.

Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na Nigerian National League na 2010, otu a rere ohere ya nye ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigeria Amateur na Westside FC. wee gaa n'ihu.

== Ndị otu ikpeazụ ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://anambraunitedfc.com/about.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] 
* [http://www.sportsday.com.ng/nigeria/news/2008-11-26/vanzekin-wants-referees-protection.html?page=276 Anambra United chetara Onye nkuzi Haruna] 
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090217125150/http://completesportsnigeria.com/details.php?category=news
*
* [http://www.compassnews.net/Ng/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=37147:anambra-united-may-go-up-for-sale&amp;catid=637:leagues&amp;Itemid=670 Anambra jikọtara ọnụ nwere ike ịga maka ire ere] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726115543/http://www.nigerianobservernews.com/11012010/sports/otherports10.html Mgbidi nke Ikpeazu Memorial Stadium malitere]
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    <title>Abia Comets F.C.</title>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348210730|Abia Comets F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;references /&gt;
Abia Comets bụ ụlọ egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke dị na Umuahia. Ha na-agba n'ọkwa abụọ nke bọọlụ Naịjirịa, Premier League nke Naịjirịa. Ha na-egwu egwu ugbu a n'ama egwuregwu Umuahia Township.

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==

* Onye isi nchịkwa: Bethel Orji
* TM: John Onuoha
* Onye isi oche klọb: Hon. Victor Nwakanma
* Odeakwụkwọ klọb: Ezindu Hyacinth

== Edensibia ==

[[Otú:Ȯra Abia]]
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    <title>Abia Warriors F.C.</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:53:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342346676|Abia Warriors F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Abia Warriors F.C.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Abia_Warriors_Logo.svg|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1993&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Afọ 33 gara aga&amp;#x20;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Umuahia Township Stadium|Ogige Egwuregwu Umuahia Township]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |5,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abia State|Gọọmentị Abia Steeti]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |John Sam Obuh&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;438&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140201141551/http://www.futaa.com/football/article/abia-warriors-fc-unveil-new-patrons &quot;Abia Warriors FC unveil new patrons&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;439&quot;&gt;Archived from [http://www.futaa.com/football/article/abia-warriors-fc-unveil-new-patrons the original] on 1 February 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;440&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 January&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Imama Amapakabo]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.theathletic.com.ng/abia-warriors-announce-imama-amapakabo-return/ &quot;Abia Warriors announce Imama Amapakabo return&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria Premier Football League|Njikọ bọọlụ Premier nke Nigeria]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2024–25 Nigeria Premier Football League|2024–25]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nke atọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://abiawarriorsfc.com ayawarriorsfc.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FF0000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FF0000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FF0000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FF0000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FF0000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
'''Abia Warriors Football Club''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ọkachamara nke Naijiria nke dị n'obodo [[Umuahia]], steeti Abia. Na mbụ na-egwu dị ka NEPA FC, klọb ahụ nabatara aha Ejoor Babes na 1994 iji sọpụrụ onye bụbu onye nchịkwa agha nke steeti ahụ, Navy Captain Temi Ejoor. Klọb ahụ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ Abia Warriors na 1996 na Basil Udwogu dị ka Onye isi oche.

N'agbata afọ 2005 na 2010, ha gbara egwu dịka &quot;Orji Uzor Kalu FC&quot; iji sọpụrụ Gọvanọ Abia Orji Uzor Kalu bụ onye nyeere ọgbakọ ahụ aka inweta nkwado steeti mgbe e buliri ya n'ọkwa ọkachamara. Ha laghachiri n'aha ochie ha n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2010.

== Ndị otu ==

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313213911/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesn/nig05.html 2005 Nkewa 1 tebụl]
* Abia Warriors FC Nsonaazụ - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke Abia Warriores FC
{{Nigerian Premier League}}
[[Otú:Ȯra Abia]]
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297000384|Abiola Babes F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Abiola Ụmụaka
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abiola Babes Football Club
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1980&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Afọ 46 gara aga&amp;#x20;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;1980&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |A chụpụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2001
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ámá Egwuregwu
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[MKO Abiola Stadium]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |23,325
|}
'''Abiola Babes Football Club''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke na-agba bọọlụ na [[Abeokuta]] . Ọ bụ onye ọchụnta ego bụ [[Moshood Abiola|Bashorun Moshood K Abiola]] nwe ya. E buliri ndị otu ahụ n'ọkwa nke mbụ nke Naịjirịa n'afọ 1984 wee gaa n'ihu bụrụ ndị mmeri FA Cup n'afọ 1985 na 1987.

Mgbe nkwụsịtụ kwụsịrị na 1990s, otu a gbanwere na Mee 2000 mana ha kwụsịrị n'afọ na-esote n'ihi enweghị ego.

Egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha bụ na 2001 Challenge Cup megide NIPOST FC . 

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==

* Naịjirịa Onye mmeri nke abụọ

1983

* '''Iko FA nke Naịjirịa: 2'''

== Ọrụ na asọmpi CAF ==

* '''African Cup Winners' Cup: 2 appearances'''

:: 1986: Ugboro Mbụ
:: 1987: Ọkara ikpeazụ

== Edensibia ==

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    <title>ABS F.C.</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342523555|ABS F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC''' bụ otu klọb bọọlụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] si [[Ilorin]], Naijiria. A kwalitere ha na Nigeria Premier League na ngwụcha Oge 2009-10. Ha gbara egwuregwu mbụ ha n'ụlọ na Offa na [[Bauchi]] mgbe a na-emezigharị Kwara State Stadium.

E rere ha n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2011 wee zụta nke gọvanọ Kwara steeti bụ Bukola Saraki maka narị naira abụọ na iri abụọ na ise, mere ha na JUTH F.C. naanị otu Premier League na-abụghị steeti.

N'afọ 2011, a gbanwere aha otu ahụ site na Bukola Babes gaa na ABS (Abubakar Bukola Saraki) FC.

N'afọ 2016, ndị otu ahụ laghachiri na Nigeria Professional Football League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional|title=Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC return to Nigeria Professional Football League|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=2016-11-10|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|accessdate=2024-12-24|archivedate=2016-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111151201/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
      <sha1>fzdlt3c2thja687kurvl9pjztnkcwga</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>637744</id>
      <parentid>637743</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:58:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342523555|ABS F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7142" sha1="6fcn2i4hiu7x5pm7fbtqxlvraioewqg" xml:space="preserve">
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |ABS FC
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:ABS_F.C._logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Klọb bọọlụ Abubakar Bukola Saraki
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2004 dị ka Bukola Babes''Ụmụ ọhụrụ Bukola''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Kwara State Stadium[[Ilorin]], Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |18,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Seni Saraki]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nduzi bọọlụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Alloy Chukwuemeka
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Sani Sarduana
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Solihu Aremu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_blackshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_blackshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_blacktop.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_yellowshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_yellowshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
'''Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC''' bụ otu klọb bọọlụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] si [[Ilorin]], Naijiria. A kwalitere ha na Nigeria Premier League na ngwụcha Oge 2009-10. Ha gbara egwuregwu mbụ ha n'ụlọ na Offa na [[Bauchi]] mgbe a na-emezigharị Kwara State Stadium.

E rere ha n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2011 wee zụta nke gọvanọ Kwara steeti bụ Bukola Saraki maka narị naira abụọ na iri abụọ na ise, mere ha na JUTH F.C. naanị otu Premier League na-abụghị steeti.

N'afọ 2011, a gbanwere aha otu ahụ site na Bukola Babes gaa na ABS (Abubakar Bukola Saraki) FC.

N'afọ 2016, ndị otu ahụ laghachiri na Nigeria Professional Football League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional|title=Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC return to Nigeria Professional Football League|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=2016-11-10|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|accessdate=2024-12-24|archivedate=2016-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111151201/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==

* [[Alalade Wasiu]]
* [[Adeshina Gata]]
* [[Adeleye Tobi Joshua]]
* [[Abdulrahman Bashir]]
* [[Lordson Ichull]]
* [[Effiom Otu Bassey]]
* [[Etor Daniel]]
* [[Monday Samuel|Mọnde Samuel]]
* [[Thomas Zenke]]
* [[Abdullahi Oyedele]]
* [[Pascal Chimdindu Anorue]]

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc/2247/ Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC] na Global Sports Archive
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
      <sha1>6fcn2i4hiu7x5pm7fbtqxlvraioewqg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>637746</id>
      <parentid>637744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:58:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342523555|ABS F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637746</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7142" sha1="6wkpx02dtu0snn2f90qxfn2rkuw4fv2" xml:space="preserve">
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |ABS FC
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:ABS_F.C._logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Klọb bọọlụ Abubakar Bukola Saraki
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2004 dị ka Bukola Babes''Ụmụ ọhụrụ Bukola''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Kwara State Stadium[[Ilorin]], Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |18,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Seni Saraki]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nduzi bọọlụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Alloy Chukwuemeka
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Sani Sarduana
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Solihu Aremu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_blackshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_blackshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_blacktop.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_yellowshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_yellowshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
'''Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC''' bụ otu klọb bọọlụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] si [[Ilorin]], Naijiria. A kwalitere ha na Nigeria Premier League na ngwụcha Oge 2009-10. Ha gbara egwuregwu mbụ ha n'ụlọ na Offa na [[Bauchi]] mgbe a na-emezigharị Kwara State Stadium.

E rere ha n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2011 wee zụta nke gọvanọ Kwara steeti bụ Bukola Saraki maka narị naira abụọ na iri abụọ na ise, mere ha na JUTH F.C. naanị otu Premier League na-abụghị steeti.

N'afọ 2011, a gbanwere aha otu ahụ site na Bukola Babes gaa na ABS (Abubakar Bukola Saraki) FC.

N'afọ 2016, ndị otu ahụ laghachiri na Nigeria Professional Football League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional|title=Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC return to Nigeria Professional Football League|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=2016-11-10|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|accessdate=2024-12-24|archivedate=2016-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111151201/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==

* [[Alalade Wasiu]]
* [[Adeshina Gata]]
* [[Adeleye Tobi Joshua]]
* [[Abdulrahman Bashir]]
* [[Lordson Ichull]]
* [[Effiom Otu Bassey]]
* [[Etor Daniel]]
* [[Monday Samuel|Mọnde Samuel]]
* [[Thomas Zenke]]
* [[Abdullahi Oyedele]]
* [[Pascal Chimdindu Anorue]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc/2247/ Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC] na Global Sports Archive
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
      <sha1>6wkpx02dtu0snn2f90qxfn2rkuw4fv2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>La Mazille</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75763</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637745</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T18:58:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Confidence24</username>
        <id>24524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347947253|La Mazille]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4377" sha1="2oj21hgyxr5h3a9gxx0enuoux97ikek" xml:space="preserve">
'''La Mazille''' (amụrụ dika '''Andrée Maze''', 1891–1984) bụ onye edemede France nke a na-echeta nke ọma dịka onye dere akwụkwọ ihe oriri ''La Bonne Cuisine du Périgord''.

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Andrée Maze n'afọ 1891 na Puteaux na mpaghara mpuga Paris. Nne na nna ya abụọ were mgbọrọgwụ ezinụlọ na Périgord dị nso na Périgueux n'akụkụ osimiri Isle . Ọ nọrọ oge nwata na ntorobịa ya na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwanyị n'etiti Paris na Périgord.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ozi ndị o chịkọtara ma dekọọ sitere kpọmkwem n'aka ndị obodo ahụ, bụ́ ndị, n'oge ahụ, na-amaghị akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-enweghị obere agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-agụghị akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara ide ihe. Ya onwe ya abụghị onye na-esi nri, mana ọ na-enwe mmasị mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara ezigbo nri. Ndị mụrụ ya nwere ezigbo ndị na-esi nri mpaghara na-arụrụ ha ọrụ ogologo oge tupu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ma Andrée mụtakwara ihe site n'ile anya ụmụ nwanyị a n'ime kichin na site n'ịhụ ụzọ isi nri ha. 

Andrée Maze lụrụ Albert Mallet, onye sikwa n'akụkụ ahụ nke Périgord, ha bikọkwara na Paris. Mgbe a mụsịrị ụmụ ha nwanyị abụọ, Albert tụrụ aro ka nwunye ya malite idepụta usoro esi nri ndị a na-esi n'ulo ha di na Périgord, n'echiche ịchikota ha ọnụ n' akwụkwọ esi nri

N'oge ahụ, ọ dịghị ihe dị ka akwụkwọ nri mpaghara nwere usoro nri ndị a n'ụdị ederede. Albert Mallet nwere njikọ na gburugburu mbipụta na Paris ma nweta nkwekọrịta na ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Flammarion maka nwunye ya. A kpọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ ''La Bonne Cuisine du Périgord'' ma ree ya n'afo 1929. Renée Maze sere ya na ihe osise ojii na ọcha. Andrée Mallet-Maze họọrọ aha mkpịsị aka nke La ''Mazille'', dị ka nsọpụrụ nye nwanne nne ya.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma ma mee ka otụtụ mmadụ na-ekwu maka ya. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ ọrụ ntụaka dị mkpa n'ihi na o nwere ntụziaka nke La Mazille ji aka ya chịkọta ma depụtaghachi ya kpọmkwem site n'aka ndị na-esi nri na-arụ ọrụ na kichin dị iche iche site na ala dị mma. E bipụtaghachila La Bonne Cuisine du Périgord ọtụtụ ugboro na mkpuchi dị iche iche. A na-enwetakwa nsụgharị Dutch.

La Mazille nwere nghọta pụrụ iche nke mmụọ isi nri na ụzọ mara mma isi kọwaa ụzọ esi nri. N'ihi ọrụ na nnyocha ya, ọtụtụ n'ime nri ọdịnala ndị a ka na-echeta ma na-eje ozi. Akwụkwọ ya nwekwara ụfọdụ akụkọ ifo nke gaara efu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ya, ọ dịkwa oke ọnụ ahịa idebe.

La Mazille nọgidere n'ọrụ ya n'afọ niile wee bụrụ akụkụ nke ndụ akwụkwọ na Périgord. O nwere ụlọ mara mma ebe ahụ a na-akpọ ''Le Cluseau'' nke dị n'elu ugwu n'obodo [[Planèze]] ebe ọ na-enwe mmasị ịnọnyere ezinụlọ ya buru ibu. Ọ kwụsịghị ide banyere Périgord, akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ, akụkọ na uri. O dekwara akụkọ ndụ onwe onye.

Andrée Mallet-Maze nwụrụ n'afọ 1984 n'akụkụ Paris.

== Ihe nrite La Mazille ==
Kwa afọ abụọ, ''Salon International du Livre Gourmand'' nke Périgueux na-enye ọtụtụ ihe nrite nye akwụkwọ nri kacha mma ebipụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.

E nyela ihe nrite La Mazille na mbipụta ndị a:

* 2010: Yannick Alléno, ''Terroir Parisien'' (Laymon)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/1784,prix-la-mazille-beau-livre.html|title=Prix La Mazille Beau Livre|publisher=Prix Littéraires|accessdate=18 November 2010|language=fr|archivedate=26 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126081444/http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/1784,prix-la-mazille-beau-livre.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: Pascal Aussignac, ''Cuisinier Gascon'' (Sud Ouest)
* 2008: Jean-Marie Baudic, Juliette Baudic, ''Osez!'' ''L'antimanuel de cuisine'' (Menu Fretin)
* 2006: Trish Deseine, ''Ma Petite Robe Noire et autres recettes'' (Marabout)
* 2004: Christine Ferber, Philippe Model, Bernhard Winkelmann, ''Merveilles: Délichieuses recettes au pays d'Alice'' (Chêne)

== Ntụaka ==
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    <title>Abuja F.C.</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316326525|Abuja F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Abuja FC
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Klọb bọọlụ Abuja
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha njirimara
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |Nnụnụ ndị a na-akpọ Buffalo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1998 (dị ka Buffalo F.C.) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Old Parade Ground [[Abuja]], Nigeria[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |5,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Abdulrahaman Abdulrazaq
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Suleiman Abubakar
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_unknown.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
'''Abuja FC''' (also known as EFCC FC due to sponsorship reasons) is a Nigerian [[Footbọl|football]] club in the Nigeria National League. The club was founded in [[Kano]], and moved to the Federal capital Territory, [[Abuja]]. It plays its home matches at the Old Parade Ground, Abuja.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Luc Lagouche, onye nkuzi French na French School na Kano site na Septemba 1995 ruo June 2003 guzobere ha na 1998 dị ka Buffalo FC iji &quot;jiri egwuregwu mee ihe maka njikọta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ibu ọrụ onwe onye&quot;. A kwalitere klọb ahụ n'ime afọ atọ mgbe ọ malitere igwu egwu megide ndị ọzọ.

Buffalo kwagara n'isi obodo n'afọ 2006, a gụgharịrị ya &quot;F.C. Abuja&quot; mgbe nkwado sitere na Economic and Financial Crimes Commission. Ha mechara nke ise na nkewa ha na oge 2006/07 na mmeri 3, 8 draw na 3 loss ma merie nke mbụ ha n'usoro Federal Capital Territory Cup.

Ndị otu a nwetara nkwalite na Nigeria Premier League mgbe ha gụchara nke abụọ na 2007–08 Division 1A. Maka oge 2008/09 ha na-egwu egwuregwu ụlọ na Kano na Minna ka Parade Ground kpebisiri ike na ha agaghị erute ụkpụrụ Premier League. N'agbanyeghị na ha mechara nke iri na atọ na-asọpụrụ na tebụl isi, ha gbadara na egwuregwu abụọ fọdụrụ na ndekọ ikpeazụ nke mmeri asatọ, eserese 13 na mmeri 17.

Mgbe afọ anọ gachara na ngalaba nke abụọ, e wepụrụ klọb ahụ na Njikọ Mba Nile na 2014. A kwalitere ha n'ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụbọchị egwuregwu ikpeazụ na 2016 mgbe ha meriri FRSC 2-0.

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==

* '''National Amateur Division 2 Ndị mmeri: 1'''

:: 2002

* '''National Amateur Division 1 Ndị mmeri: 1'''

:: 2003

* '''Ndị na-agba ọsọ: 1'''

== Edensibia ==

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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306074662|Adamawa United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Adamawa United Football Club bụ klọb bọọlụ Naijiria sitere na [[Yola]], ha na-egwu na ọkwa nke abụọ nke Usoro egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Naịjirịa, Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://npfl.ng/clubs//|title=2019/2020 NPFL CLUBS|work=npfl.ng|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2020-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922082826/https://npfl.ng/clubs/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ha na-egwu egwu na Ribadu Square Stadium, nke nwere ikike nke 5,000. E wepụrụ ha na Nigerian Professional Football League na 2007 ka otu afọ gachara.

E wepụrụ ha na league n'afọ 2012 mana ha zụrụ oghere ahụ n'aka ndị na-asọmpi [[Makwada F.C.|Makwada]].

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Ȯra Adamawa]]
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351168854|Akwa United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Akwa United
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Akwa_United_F.C.svg|alt=Akwa United F.C. logo|208x208px]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Akwa United Football Club nke Uyo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha njirimara
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |''Ndị Na-edebe Nkwa''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1996; &lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;Afọ 30 gara aga&amp;#x20;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Godswill Akpabio International Stadium]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;877&quot;&gt;[https://thenationonlineng.net/akwa-ibom-approvesnest-of-champions-for-akwa-united/ &quot;Akwa Ibom approves'Nest of Champions' for Akwa United&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;878&quot;&gt;''[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;880&quot;&gt;Lagos, Nigeria. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;881&quot;&gt;June 24, 2015. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;882&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191101162922/https://thenationonlineng.net/akwa-ibom-approvesnest-of-champions-for-akwa-united/ Archived] from the original on November 1, 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;883&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 6,&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |30,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Gọọmentị [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom Steeti]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Joseph Eno
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Paul Offor]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2024–25 Nigeria Premier Football League|2024–25]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nigeria Professional Football League e wepụrụ, nke iri na asatọ n'ime iri abụọ &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.flashscore.com.ng/soccer/nigeria/npfl/standings/ &quot;NPFL 2024/2025 standings - overall, home/away standings&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_akwaunited2122h.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FF6600;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_akwaunited2122h.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_akwaunited2122h.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts_akwaunited2122h.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FF6600;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFffff;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_akwaunited2122a.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FF6600;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_akwaunited2122a.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFffff;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_akwaunited2122a.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FF6600;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts_akwaunited2122a.png|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FF6600;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{{updated|14 November 2021}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Akwa United Squad |url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/akwa-united/QPhDqSLk/squad/ |website=Flashscore.com.ng |publisher=Flashscore |accessdate=10 February 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225162238/https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/akwa-united/QPhDqSLk/squad/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  
'''Akwa United Football Club''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na [[Uyo]], [[Ȯra Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]] . Ha na-egwu na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa, nkewa nke abụọ nke bọọlụ Naịjirị. [[Godswill Akpabio International Stadium]] bụ ụlọ egwuregwu nke klọb ahụ. N'afọ 2020/21 ha bụ ndị mmeri nke league maka oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2021/08/01/breaking-akwa-united-wins-2020-2021-npfl-title/amp/|title=Akwa United Wins 2020/2021 NPFL Title|date=October 27, 2021|work=Channels TV|accessdate=October 27, 2021|archivedate=October 29, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029015828/https://www.channelstv.com/2021/08/01/breaking-akwa-united-wins-2020-2021-npfl-title/amp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Malite dị ka &quot;Ibom Stars Football Club&quot;, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere mgbasa ozi ọkachamara ya na oge 1996/97 nke NNL nke abụọ (nke a na-akpọ &quot;Pro League&quot;). Assam Assam bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ nke klọb ahụ na onye nchịkwa Bernard Ogbe na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ mbụ ya. Ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ gbara egwuregwu ụlọ ya n'ama egwuregwu Uyo Township, yi uwe na-acha uhie uhie &amp; ọcha dị ka ngwa ụlọ na pụọ. Ọ bụ ike na-achị steeti ahụ, na-emeri iko ihe ịma aka steeti ugboro asaa n'etiti 1996 na 2006.

=== Nkwalite &amp; Nkwado ===
Mgbe ọ gbasịrị na ngalaba nke abụọ ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri, Ibom Stars nwetara nkwalite na Nigeria Premier League (nke a na-akpọ Nigeria Professional Football League ugbu a) na oge 2007/08, na-emeri ndị agbata obi Calabar Rovers 13-0 na Oron Township Stadium n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ iji merie Bussdor FC ma ruo eruo.

Ndị na-elekọta klọb ahụ tinyere akwụkwọ maka mgbanwe aha, na-agbanwe site na &quot;Ibom Stars FC&quot; gaa na &quot;Akwa United FC&quot; na aha njirimara The Promise Keepers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-22|title=Akwa United: Can The Promise Keepers Keep The NPFL Title Hope?|url=https://bestchoicesports.com.ng/akwa-united-can-the-promise-keepers-keep-the-npfl-title-hope/|accessdate=2022-11-22|work=Best Choice Sports|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122104919/https://bestchoicesports.com.ng/akwa-united-can-the-promise-keepers-keep-the-npfl-title-hope/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha ga-ejikwa acha anụnụ anụnụ maka egwuregwu ha n'ụlọ na ọcha maka egwuregwu ha na-aga n'ihu.

Otu a dọtara ọtụtụ nnukwu aha sitere na klọb ndị ọzọ na mba ahụ. Onye isi oche mgbe ahụ Chris Ekong bịanyere aka na onye nchịkwa Charles Bassey (MON) ka ọ na-elekọta otu ahụ, nke Emmanuel King nyere aka. Ihe sochirinụ bụ mbata ụfọdụ aha ezinaụlọ, gụnyere Innocent Ozurumba, Ottanwa Ottanwa, Abdul Haruna, Stanley Amadi, na ọbụna ndị bụbu ndị egwuregwu mba 17 Ambrose Vanzekin, Kingsley Udo na Eze Osanga. Ndị egwuregwu a na-ewebata ọhụrụ jikọtara ụfọdụ kpakpando ụmụ amaala iji wuo otu n'ime ndị otu kacha mma na mba ahụ n'afọ ahụ.

=== Oge Mbụ nke Nnukwu Ụgbọelu ===
Akwa United gbara egwuregwu Premier League nke mbụ ya na El-kanemi Warriors nke Maiduguri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu Oron Township, merie 1–0. Emmanuel Ekpo bụ onye ọgba bọọlụ bụ onye nyere goolu. Mmeri ha 0–1 meriri Nasarawa United na Lafia ga-abụ mmeri mbụ ndị otu a ga-emeri na mpụga n'asọmpi Premier League. Oge mbụ Akwa United na Premier League abụghị, n'enweghị esemokwu. N'asọmpi Ligị nke ha na Enyimba International, dara otu egwuregwu ahụ nnukwu ego ma chụpụ ya n'ama egwuregwu Uyo Township afọ atọ ka ndị na-akwado ụlọ ha wakporo ogige ahụ n'ihi nzaghachi onye ọkaikpe Felicia Okugbe nyere ntaramahụhụ oge mmerụ ahụ nke esemokwu, ebe otu onye kwenyere na nwụrụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ merụrụ ahụ dị iche iche. Ihe ga-esi na nke a pụta ga-enwe mmetụta uche na arụmọrụ nke otu ahụ, ka ha na-agbasi mbọ ike n'oge ndị ọzọ. N'ime oge mbụ ọgba aghara maka klọb ahụ, ha gụchara 14th na isi iri anọ na asatọ ka ha dekọchara mmeri 14, ọkpụ isii na mmeri 18.

=== Oge 2008-2009 Oge- Otu, ndị nkuzi atọ na relegation ===
Oge nke abụọ nke Promise Keepers na Premier League adịghị mma dị ka nke mbụ.

Onye nkuzi ImeUko bụ onye njikwa klọb ahụ họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye na-elekọta otu ahụ ma onye nkuzi Godwin Morgan nyere ya aka. Ndị otu ahụ chere ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu n'oge 2008/2009 ka ụfọdụ n'ime ndị egwuregwu ya kachasị elu hapụrụ ndị otu ahụ maka ebe ịta nri. Ihe sochiri bụ ọdịdị na nsonaazụ ọjọọ. Ndị otu ahụ na-alụ ọgụ na mpaghara relegation maka ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ahụ.

N'ịgbalị ịzọpụta ọnọdụ ahụ, e nyere Onye Ọzụzụ Godwin Uwah nkwekọrịta iji zọpụta ndị otu ahụ site na ọdịda. Onye nkuzi Uwah lụrụ ọgụ ezé na ntu iji nweta nsonaazụ mana ọ baghị uru. O mechara gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya.

Ndị na-ahụ maka ya na mgbalị siri ike iji zere ịbụ ndị a chụpụrụ n'ọkwa họpụtara onye nkuzi Patrick Udoh ka ọ na-elekọta otu ahụ ruo na ngwụcha oge ahụ. N'agbanyeghi ebubo e boro ha n'azụ oge nke mere ka ha nweta nsonaazụ ụfọdụ na-adọrọ mmasị ma mepụta onye kacha gbaa goolu n'oge ahụ, ([[Orok Akarandut]] 17 goolu) e wepụrụ ndị otu ahụ n'ụzọ dị egwu n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ. E wepụrụ ha n'ụzọ dị egwu n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ na ihe dị iche iche na-esote mmeri 9-0 nke Kaduna United na Zamfara United. Akwa United nwetara akara 48 site na egwuregwu 38 gụnyere mmeri 14, 6 draw na mmeri 18 iji mechie na ọnọdụ 17.

=== Ịlaghachi na Premier League ===
Mgbe Akwa United laghachiri na ngalaba dị ala n'oge 2009/2010, ndị otu nchịkwa nke ObongIsongIsang duziri kwere nkwa na ndị otu ahụ ga-alaghachi na Premier League ma debe okwu ya. Akwa United laghachiri na Big Time - Premier League na oge 2011/2012 (afọ abụọ mgbe ha si na Premier League wepụ) wee mee ka arụmọrụ dị mma n'oge niile iji mechie na akara 50 site na egwuregwu 38 nke gụnyere mmeri 15, 5draws na ọnwụ 16 na-agwụ na 12th, (ọnọdụ kachasị elu nke klọb ahụ) n'okpuru onye nchịkwa Solomon Ogbeide.

=== Ụbọchị ikpeazụ ===
Nchịkwa ahụ wetara ndị nkuzi abụọ, Patrick Udo bụ onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ ebe Emmanuel King bụ onye isi nkuzi ha abụọ na-ahụ maka otu ahụ na oge 2012/2013. Ha malitere mkpọsa ahụ n'ụzọ dị mma ma nọrọ n'elu akwụkwọ ahụ ruo izu ise. Mana ọdịdị dị ala mere ka ha daa nke ukwuu n'etiti oge ọ bụ ezie na ha jisiri ike nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ ụgbọ elu ha kachasị elu mgbe ha mechiri oge ahụ otu ebe n'elu mpaghara relegation na akara 51. Mmeri 14 ha, 9 draw na mmeri 15 mere ka ndị Promise Keepers nọrọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri na isii.

N'afọ 2013/2014, e nyere otu n'ime ndị nkuzi Naịjirịa nwere ahụmịhe na njem n'ọtụtụ ebe Justin Tenger ikike ilekọta ndị otu ahụ. Mana mgbe mmalite dị mma na mbido oge ahụ, akụnụba nke otu ahụ belatara ọzọ. Maka oge nke abụọ na-esote, ha lanarịrị ọdịda n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ, na-agwụ na nke iri na isii.

=== Ebe Obibi Ọhụrụ ===
Omume a na-ahụkarị gara n'ihu na oge 2014/2015 site na mbata nke onye nkuzi ọhụrụ na [[Zackary Baraje]]. Ndị otu ahụ gbara egwuregwu ole na ole na Uyo Township Stadium ochie tupu ụlọ ọrụ League Management Company (LMC) ewere ámá egwuregwu ahụ na-erughị eru ịnabata egwuregwu Nigeria Professional Football League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/185076-nigeria-suspends-9-stadiums-from-hosting-league-matches.html/|title=Nigeria suspends 9 stadiums from hosting league matches|date=October 25, 2015|work=[[Premium Times]]|accessdate=October 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwa United wee kwaga n'ogige egwuregwu [[Godswill Akpabio]] International Stadium&quot;&gt;Godswill Akpabio International Stadium nke nwere ike ịba puku iri atọ nke onye bụbu Gọvanọ Godswill Ak pabio wuru.

Ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ nke ịgbanahụ relegation n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ bụ otu (Akwa United meriri Lobi Stars nke Makurdi 1-0, na Afeez Awakan na-agba naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ iji nyere ndị otu ahụ aka ịnọgide na-aga). Mmeri 13 ha, 8 draw na mmeri 17 mere ka ha nọrọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri na ise, ebe abụọ n'elu mpaghara ọdịda.

=== Ebube nke Iko Mba na Mbido ===
Oge 2014/2015 ga-abụ oge dị ịrịba ama maka klọb ahụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe.

Otu a mere akụkọ ihe mere eme site na mmeri nke Federations Cup na Nọvemba 2015, meriri Lobi Stars nke Makurdi 2–1 n'ọgbọ egwuregwu Teslim Balogun dị na Legọs iji bulie nnukwu iko mbụ ha wee ruo eru isonye na CAF Confederation Cup. (Mgbe ahụ Captain Nnamso Edo na Afeez Awakan bụ ndị nyere goolu).

A họpụtara onye nkuzi Belgian Maurice Cooreman ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa ọhụrụ nke otu ahụ ma ọ na-elekọta ndị otu ahụ na njem mbụ ha na mpaghara kọntinent ebe ndị otu Congo Vita Club Mokanda kụrụ ha na agba nke mbụ na Uyo. Mgbe ha meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ 1-0 na Congo (UbongEkpai bụ onye na-agba goolu) ha meriri ha n'ụlọ site n'otu ohere ahụ ma kụtuo ha 4-3 na penalty shoot-out.

Otú ọ dị, e nwere nnukwu ọganihu na arụmọrụ nke otu ahụ na league ka ha mechara na ọnọdụ nke iri na anọ.

A na-eme emume nke iri na anọ nke otu ahụ na-enweghị ọsụsọ nke nchegbu nke relegation nke ọma ma a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mgbalị nke onye nta akụkọ nwere ahụmahụ ghọrọ onye nchịkwa bọọlụ Elder Paul Bassey onye Gọvanọ Steeti Maazị Udom Emmanuel họpụtara dịka Onye isi oche nke klọb ahụ n'etiti oge 2015/2016.

=== Ọhụrụ ===
N'oge mbụ ya zuru oke na-elekọta Akwa United dị ka onyeisi oche, Elder Paul Bassey mezigharịrị otu ahụ ma webata aka nke ọkachamara n'ime nchịkwa nke klọb ahụ nke gosipụtara n'ụzọ dị mma.

Akụkụ nke usoro mgbanwe ahụ bụ mgbanwe na agba Jersey nke klọb ahụ site na Blue na White gaa na Orange na White nke na-anọchite anya agba ndị ọrụ Akwa Ibom State.

Onye isi nchịkwa nke Elder Paul Bassey nyere otu n'ime ndị nkuzi Naịjirịa nwere ahụmahụ na ọgụgụ isi [[Abdu Maikaba]] ọrụ iji lekọta ndị otu ahụ.

Onye nkuzi Maikaba kpọtara ndị egwuregwu dịka Alhassan Ibrahim, Moses Ebiye, Aremu Afeez, IfeanyiIfeanyi, Musa Newman, Christian Pyagbara na Emmanuel Iwu ma jikọta ha na ụfọdụ ndị egwuregwu dị ka [[Ubong Friday]], Otobong Effiong, Godspower Igudia, Ariwachukwu Emmanuel, Cyril Olisema, Chigozie Chilekwu, Ubong Idio, Amaechi Orji wdg. ndị e jidere site na oge gara aga.

N'agbanyeghị mmalite dị nwayọ na oge ahụ nke hụrụ ka ndị otu ahụ na-achịkwa naanị ihe isii site na 18, ha nwetara ma gbanwee usoro egwuregwu nke Coach Maikaba.

Nsonaazụ nke ngwakọta ahụ pụtara ìhè na arụmọrụ na ihe ndị Akwa United rụzuru na oge NPFL nke 2016/2017 nke ha na-alụ ọgụ maka aha ahụ, mana naanị ịhapụ na agba anọ ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ma hapụ ohere ịhọrọ otu n'ime tiketi atọ dị na kọntinent site na usoro league site na naanị otu akara.

Akwa United mechiri oge NPFL nke 2016/2017 n'ọnọdụ nke anọ (nke kachasị elu ha nwetụrụla na ụgbọ elu kachasị elu). Ha dekọrọ mmeri iri na asaa, 9 draw na mmeri iri abụọ na abụọ na akara iri isii site na egwuregwu iri atọ na asatọ ma bulie iko FA (AITEO Cup) maka oge nke abụọ n'ime afọ atọ.

The 2016/2017 season was the 20th Anniversary of Akwa United since it was founded as the Ibom Stars in the 1996/1997 season.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our History|url=https://akwaunitedfc.com/our-history/|accessdate=2022-11-22|work=Akwa United FC|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122104623/https://akwaunitedfc.com/our-history/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team has played in Nigeria's Premier League for eight years in its 20 years of existence.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azscore - Premier League Football|url=https://azscore.ng/basketball/leagues/world/premier-league-30|accessdate=2022-11-22|work=azscore.ng|archivedate=2022-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122104623/https://azscore.ng/basketball/leagues/world/premier-league-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; The end of the 2016/2017 season marked the club's sixth consecutive seasons in the league.

=== 2017-18: Oge nke asaa na-enweghị nkwụsịtụ na topflight ===
Ọgwụgwụ nke oge NPFL nke 2017-18 gosipụtara oge asaa na-aga n'ihu nke klọb ahụ na ụgbọ elu kachasị elu na Naịjirịa kemgbe 2011-12 NPFL.

==== Ọ pụtara nke abụọ na kọntinent ahụ ====
Akwa United pụtara nke abụọ ha na kọntinent ahụ mana Hawks FC nke Gambia tụrụ ha n'anya 2-1 na akụkụ mbụ nke 2018 CAF Confederation Cup preliminary tie na [[Godswill Akpabio International Stadium]] na Sunday, February 11, 2018.

N'akụkụ nke abụọ na Independence Stadium, Bakau na Febụwarị 21, 2018, Cyril Olisema gbara aka iji nye Akwa United mmeri 3-2 n'elu klọb Gambia na ịgafe na agba nke mbụ.

Al-Ittihad meriri Akwa United 1-0 na agba nke mbụ, egwuregwu nke mbụ, naanị maka ndị Promise Keepers idekọ otu akara ahụ na agba nke abụọ site n'enyemaka nke Aniekeme Asuquo na nkeji iri anọ na isii, iji gaa n'ọkwa na ngụkọta, tupu ha emeri klọb Libya 3-2 na penalties iji ruo eruo maka agba nke abụọ.

Ndị Promise Keepers dara 2-0 na Al-Hilal na agba nke abụọ, akụkụ mbụ, na Al-Sunday April 8, 2018.

However, their 3–1 win over Al-Hilal in the second round, return leg at the [[Godswill Akpabio International Stadium]] on Sunday, April 18, 2018, courtesy of Denis Nya's first half injury-time goal and Michael Ibe's brace in the second half was not enough to take Akwa United to the group stage, as Al-Hilal's Mohammed Bashir 28' minute goal qualified the Sudanese club on away goals rule.

==== Ọnọdụ kachasị elu e nwetụrụla na log ====
Ndị Promise Keepers mechara nke abụọ na 2017-18 NPFL ndekọ na akara 41 site na egwuregwu 24, akara abụọ n'azụ ndị isi Lobi Stars na July 2018.

Ndị mmeri FA Cup ugboro abụọ na-atụ anya ịgbachitere okpueze Aiteo Cup ha nke afọ 2017 kwụsịrị na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ site na penalties site n'aka Enugu Rangers na Sani Abacha Stadium, Kano na Wednesday, 3 October 2018.

Michael Ibeh tinyere Akwa United n'ihu na freekick a na-ewere nke ọma na ọkara mbụ, tupu Okey Odita adọta ọkwa maka Enugu Rangers, nkeji 20 ruo na njedebe nke oge iwu.

Enugu Rangers (The Flying Antelopes), Otú ọ dị meriri 4-2 na penalty shoot-outs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/aiteo-cup-2018-reigning-champions-akwa-united-knocked-out-on-penalties-by-rangers/1khr3yn.amp/|title=Aiteo Cup 2018 reigning champions Always United knocked out on penalties by Rangers|accessdate=13 March 2019|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Denis_Nya.jpg|thumb|223x223px|[[Denis Nya]] na uwe Akwa United]]
Ndị na-ahụ maka Akwa United bịanyere aka na onye bụbu onye nkuzi Abia Warriors na FC Ifeanyi Ubah, Rafael Everton iji duzie otu ahụ na NPFL 2018-19, mgbe ọpụpụ nke onye nkuzi Abdullahi Maikaba na Plateau United na ngwụcha oge 2017-18. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/akwa-united-sign-brazilian-coach/|title=Akwa United Unveil 12 New Players for 2018–19 NPFL Season|date=5 November 2018|accessdate=7 June 2019|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye Brazil na-eme atụmatụ ghọrọ onye mba ọzọ nke atọ na-esote onye Cameroon Emmanuel Deutsch na onye Belgium Maurice Cooreman iji jikwaa Akwa United na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya dị afọ 22.

Ndị egwuregwu ọhụrụ iri na abụọ sonyeere ndị otu ahụ, gụnyere onye bụbu onye egwuregwu na onyeisi Enyimba, Mfon Udoh, onye mmeri Super Eagles AFCON nke afọ 2013, [[Juwon Oshaniwa]], na onye mmeri Federation Cup nke afọ 2016, Alberico Da Silva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://akwaunitedfc.net/2019/01/04/akwa-utd-unveil-12-new-players-for-2018-19-npfl-season/|title=Akwa United Unveil 12 New Players for 2018–19 NPFL Season|publisher=akwaunitedfc.net|accessdate=21 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị otu ahụ meriri site na 1-0 n'ụlọ na El-Kanemi Warriors n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke league wee soro 1-1 draw na Kano Pillars n'ụbọchị nke atọ, bụrụ egwuregwu nke abụọ ha n'oge ahụ, mgbe e yigharịrị egwuregwu nke abụọ megide Gombe United.

Ha meriri 2-2 n'ụlọ megide Plateau United na ụbọchị egwuregwu nke anọ wee merie 2-0 na Nasarawa United na Lafia Township Stadium na egwuregwu egwuregwu nke ise.

Onye nkuzi Everton dere mmeri mbụ ha n'oge ahụ n'ụbọchị egwuregwu nke isii site na mmeri 3-0 n'ụlọ n'elu ndị bịara ọhụrụ, Go Round FC wee gaa n'ihu na-enweghị mmeri nke mechara nwee mmeri siri ike 2-1 n'elu Heartland FC nke Owerri na Okigwe Township stadium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://akwaunitedfc.net/2019/03/17/akwa-utd-humble-heartland-in-okigwe-climb-to-2nd-on-the-log/|title=Akwa United Humble Heartland in Okigwe, Climb to 2nd Spot on the Log|publisher=akwaunitedfc.net|accessdate=21 March 2019|archivedate=18 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118112158/http://akwaunitedfc.net/2019/03/17/akwa-utd-humble-heartland-in-okigwe-climb-to-2nd-on-the-log/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwa United mechiri agba nke mbụ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na Group B log na akara 19 site na egwuregwu 11, na-agba goolu 17 ma na-enyefe 10.

=== 2020-21: Ndị mmeri Njikọ Ndị Ọkachamara Naijiria ===
N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2021, e chiri Akwa United okpueze NPFL Champions maka oge mbụ ha dị mgbe ha nwesịrị mmeri 5-2 megide MFM FC na Godswill Akpabio stadium, Uyo na egwuregwu ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/2021/08/06/news-center/news/akwa-united-crowned-champions-as-league-season-ended-dramatically-in-nigeria/|title=Akwa United crowned champions as league season ended dramatically in Nigeria|publisher=cafonline.com|accessdate=28 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwa United setịpụkwara ndekọ league site na egwuregwu 18 ha na-enweghị mmeri, karịa [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] na 2005 na Kano Pillars 2019-20 usoro egwuregwu 13 na-enweghị emeri.

Dị ka ọ dị n'oge a na-ekpu ndị mmeri, nke mere n'oge Egwuregwu Izu 37, ha nwere mmeri zuru ezu nke 19, 14 draw na 4 loss na ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke klọb bọọlụ Naijiria.

Lobi Stars FC mechara merie 2-1 n'èzí n'ụbọchị egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%; text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;width: 10%;&quot; |Ụdị
! style=&quot;width: 10%;&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
! style=&quot;width: 5%;&quot; |Utu aha
! style=&quot;width: 30%;&quot; |Oge
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''N'ụlọ'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |'''Njikọ/NPFL'''
|'''1'''
|2020–21
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |'''FA Cup/Nigeria Federation CupIko Mba Naịjirịa'''
|'''2'''
|2015, 2017
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |'''Super Cup nke Naịjirịa'''
|'''1'''
|2015
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |'''Super 4 (Nijiria) '''
|'''1'''
|2015
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |'''Ọnọdụ steeti'''
!Akwa Ibom Fa Cup
| bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''18'''
|? ,1999, 2001, ? , 2006, ? , 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026  
|}

* &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Legend/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{legend|gold|record}}

== Egwuregwu na asọmpi CAF ==
'''CAF Champions League'''

* 2021-22 - agba nke mbụ

'''Iko Njikọ CAF'''

* 2016 - agba nke mbụ
* 2018 - agba nke atọ

== Ndị na-egwu egwuregwu ==

=== Ndị egwuregwu ugbu a ===
{{Reflist}} 

== Ndị ọrụ ==

=== Ndị ọrụ nchịkwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Position
!Name
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Chairman
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Joseph Eno&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Akwa United, Ibom Angels get new management team|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/akwa-united-ibom-angels-get-new-management-team/|accessdate=2025-02-02|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |General Manager
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Jimmy Joshua
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Team manager
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Festus Akpan
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Secretary
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Omon Bassey
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Accountant
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Mary Akpaidiok
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Welfare officer
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Asuquo Samuel
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Media manager
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Mfon Patrick
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Cashier
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Idara Ekong
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Camp commandant
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Anietie Christo Davies
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Ọnọdụ
!Aha ya
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Onye Nlekọta Ọfịs
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Uwem James
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Odeakwụkwọ Ọfịs
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Emem Udofot
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Onye na-enyere Onye Nlekọta Ọfịs aka
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ndiana-Abasi James
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ndị ọrụ njem
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Edet Okon Sunny Cosmas 
Austine George
Monday Solomon
Mọnde Solomon
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ndị ọrụ nchekwa
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Okon Udo 
Edikan Dominic
|}

== Akụkọ njikwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Oge
!Aha ya
!Njikọ
|-
|1997–1998
|Benard Ogbe
|NNL
|-
|1998–1999
|Henry Nwosu
|NNL
|-
|1999–2000
|Henry Nwosu
|NNL
|-
|2000–2001
|Anietie Ukpa
|NNL
|-
|2001–2002
|Anietie Ukpa
|NNL
|-
|2002–2003
|Henry Nwosu
|NNL
|-
|2003–2004
|Henry Nwosu
|NNL
|-
|2004–2005
|Emmanuel King
|NNL
|-
|2005–2006
|Charles Bassey
|NNL
|-
|2006–2007
|Charles Bassey
|NNL
|-
|2007–2008
|Emmanuel Deutsch
|NNL
|-
|2008–2009
|Ime Ọka
|NPFL
|-
|2008–2009
|Godwin Uwua
|NPFL
|-
|2008–2009
|Patrick Udoh
|NPFL
|-
|2009–2010
|Bernard Ogbe
|NNL
|-
|2010–2011
|Solomon Ogbeide
|NNL
|-
|2011–2012
|Solomon Ogbeide
|2011-12 NPFL
|-
|2012–2013
|Patrick Udoh
|2012-13 NPFL
|-
|2013–2014
|Justin Tenger
|2013-14 NPFL
|-
|2014–2015
|Zachary Baraje
|2014-15 NPFL
|-
|2015–2016
|[[Maurice Cooreman]]
|2015-16 NPFL
|-
|2016–2017
|Abdullahi Maikaba
|2016-17 NPFL
|-
|2017–2018
|Abdullahi Maikaba
|2017-18 NPFL
|-
|2018–2019
|Rafael Everton
|2018-19 NPFL
|-
|2019 –
|John Obuh
|2019-20 NPFL
|-
|2019 –
|[[Kennedy Boboye]]
|2019-20 NPFL
|}
 {{Reflist}}

== Ihe ọmụma ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;margin-left:1em&quot;
!Oge
!Onye na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ
!Onye na-akwado uwe elu
|-
|1996–2017
|
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Enweghị''
|-
|2017–2022
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Uwe egwuregwu Owu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/owu-sportswear-unveil-stunning-akwa-united-caf-confederation-cup-/13iixfvih9kjf1ak2rwvo6vlsn|title=Owu Sportswear unveil stunning Akwa United Caf Confederation Cup kit|work=Goal|date=9 February 2018|accessdate=18 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022–2024
| rowspan=&quot;&quot; |1 Akụrụngwa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/akwa-united-bags-one-year-sponsorship-deal-with-1xbet/|title=Akwa United bags one-year sponsorship deal with 1xBet|date=3 June 2022|accessdate=18 June 2022|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2025–
| rowspan=&quot;&quot; |Ibom Air&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ibom Air, Akwa United FC sign N200 million partnership|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/830227-ibom-air-akwa-united-fc-sign-n200-million-partnership.html|accessdate=2025-02-02|work=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/akwa-united/QPhDqSLk/results/ Akwa United FC Nsonaazụ] - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Akwa UnitedFC
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>de9rx88z015f15mo5z6bkgfhfobzfg0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Klọb bọọlụ azụmahịa Atlantic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75767</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637750</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-14T19:23:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345411116|Atlantic Business Football Club]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637750</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12712" sha1="osfk74v510zzc1kdxllftxaj8ouvzlx" xml:space="preserve">
Atlantic Business Football Club (nke a na-akpọkarị '''Atlantic Business FC''' ma ọ bụ '''ABFC''') bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na Ijebu-Ode, Ogun steeti. Klọb ahụ na-asọmpi ugbu a na Nigeria Nationwide League (NLO), ọkwa nke atọ nke usoro egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 2017 na Igbo Efon, Lekki, Lagos dị ka Atlantic Football Club, na-eme nke mbụ ya na NLO Division 2, nke anọ nke usoro egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://atlanticbusinessfc.com/about-abfc/|work=Atlantic Business FC|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, a gbanwere aha ya ma mara ya dị ka Atlantic Business Football Club. Ọ kwapụkwara site na Igbo Efon gaa [[Epe, Lagos State|Epe]] wee gaa Ijebu-Ode, ebe obibi ya ugbu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://atlanticbusinessfc.com/about-abfc/|work=Atlantic Business FC|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://atlanticbusinessfc.com/about-abfc/ &quot;About Us&quot;]. ''Atlantic Business FC''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 July&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2024, e buliri klọb ahụ n'ọkwa NLO mgbe ọ gachara nke abụọ na NLO Division 2.

Klọb ahụ na-asọ mpi na Nigeria Federation Cup, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bamisebi|first=Samuel|title=WGB Lagos FA Cup: &quot;I Came Here To Attack,&quot; Atlantic Business Coach Adiro Yinka As Side Upsets First Bank FC|url=https://www.sports247.ng/wgb-lagos-fa-cup-i-came-here-to-attack-atlantic-business-coach-adiro-yinka-as-side-upsets-first-bank-fc/|work=Sports247|date=5 December 2021|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBamisebi2021&quot;&gt;Bamisebi, Samuel (5 December 2021). [https://www.sports247.ng/wgb-lagos-fa-cup-i-came-here-to-attack-atlantic-business-coach-adiro-yinka-as-side-upsets-first-bank-fc/ &quot;WGB Lagos FA Cup: &quot;I Came Here To Attack,&quot; Atlantic Business Coach Adiro Yinka As Side Upsets First Bank FC&quot;]. ''Sports247''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 July&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ochicha|first=Lovette|title=Remo Stars, Beyond Limit Clash In FA Cup Semi Final, Stormers Sports Club Lock Horns With Ijebu United|url=https://www.sports247.ng/remo-stars-beyond-limit-clash-in-fa-cup-semi-final-stormers-sports-club-lock-horns-with-ijebu-united/|work=Sports247|date=27 March 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nigeria Youth League Cup &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=30 teams set to compete in inaugural Nigeria Youth League Cup|url=https://punchng.com/30-teams-set-to-compete-in-inaugural-nigeria-youth-league-cup/|work=[[The Punch]]|date=15 August 2024|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Welcome aboard, ATLANTIC BUSINESS FC!|url=https://nylc.ng/public/post/welcome-aboard-atlantic-business-fc|work=NYLC|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ugwu|first=Romanus|title=Nigeria Youth League Cup to gulp N4.5b|url=https://thesun.ng/nigeria-youth-league-cup-to-gulp-n4-5b/|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|date=15 August 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olaseinde|first=Lekan|title=NYLC: Enyimba to face Kwara United in Super 8 opener|url=https://blueprint.ng/nylc-enyimba-to-face-kwara-united-in-super-8-opener/|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|date=17 June 2025|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; na The Creative Championship (TCC). [4]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gambari|first=Afolabi|title=Enyimba, Pillars to participate as U-19 League Cup Super 8 begins June 23|url=https://www.thecable.ng/enyimba-pillars-to-participate-as-u-19-league-cup-super-8-begins-june-23/|work=[[TheCable]]|date=18 June 2025|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abdulsalam|first=Hassan|title=TCC League: Breeding future stars for Nigeria|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/tcc-league-breeding-future-stars-for-nigeria-2023101207150339471|work=Pulse Sports|date=12 October 2023|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 6 June 2025, klọb ahụ wegara Chinedu Umeh na SJK maka ego a na-akọwaghị. N'oge ọ nọ na ABFC, ọ gbara goolu 65 na 120 pụtara na asọmpi niile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Akawor|first=Izuchukwu|title=From Lagos to Europe: 19-year-old Super Eagles-eligible forward leaves Atlantic Business for Finland|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/from-lagos-to-europe-19-year-old-super-eagles-eligible-forward-leaves-atlantic-business-for-finland-2025060612164538875|work=Pulse Sports|date=6 June 2025|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chinedu Umeh on kotiutunut Kerhoon|url=https://sjk.fi/uutiset/chinedu-umeh-on-kotiutunut-kerhoon/|work=SJK|date=6 June 2025|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oguntimehin|first=Ayomide|title=Nigerian wonderkid joins Finnish club SJK after scoring 65 goals in 120 games|url=https://soccernet.ng/2025/06/nigerian-wonderkid-joins-finnish-club-sjk.html|work=Soccernet|date=8 June 2025|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2025, klọb ahụ kwupụtara na onye bụbu [[Nigeria national football team|Onye Naijiria]] na-agba ọsọ, Brown Ideye, sonyeere ha dị ka onye nduzi nke Player Pathways and Partnerships. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2025-07-24|title=Super Eagles icon Ideye gets new job weeks after leaving Kanu Nwankwo’s Enyimba|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/super-eagles-icon-ideye-gets-new-job-weeks-after-leaving-kanu-nwankwos-enyimba-2025072412575982048|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mogoli|first=Precious|date=2025-07-25|title=Former Super Eagles striker Brown Ideye joins Atlantic Business FC as Director of Player Pathways and Partnerships|url=https://sportsbusinessinafrica.com/news/brown-ideye-atlantic-business-fc/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Sports Business in Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-07-24|title=Brown Ideye Gets New Role at Atlantic Business FC After Leaving Enyimba|url=https://sportsration.com/brown-ideye-gets-new-role-at-atlantic-business-fc-after-leaving-enyimba/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=SportsRation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agba ==

== Ámá Egwuregwu ==
ABFC na-egwu egwuregwu ya n'ụlọ na 20,000 [[Otunba Dipo Dina International Stadium]] na Ijebu Ode, Ogun steeti. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://atlanticbusinessfc.com/about-abfc/|work=Atlantic Business FC|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://atlanticbusinessfc.com/about-abfc/ &quot;About Us&quot;]. ''Atlantic Business FC''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 July&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge 2024-25 ==
Klọb ahụ sonyere na oge izizi ya na NLO na 2024–25. Ọ gụchara nke isii na otu ya (Ebedei Center), na-erughị eru maka asọmpi egwuregwu ahụ, ma bụrụ nke anọ na asọmpi Creative, nke Real Sapphire FC meriri. Ndị otu U-19 nke klọb ahụ tozuru oke iko Nigeria Youth League Cup (NYLC) Super 8, rute n'ikpeazụ wee merie Kwara United U-19 3–2.

=== Arụmụka ===
N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2025, esemokwu bidoro n'etiti ndị egwuregwu na ndị isi ABFC na Grassrunners FC. Njikọ ahụ kwụsịtụrụ Jimoh Olamilekan Ibrahim nke Grassrunners (nke a maara dị ka onye na-akpali) na ndị otu anọ, tinyere ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu ABFC. A kwụrụ klọb abụọ ahụ ụgwọ 100,000. E mechara nwee egwuregwu enyi na enyi &quot;Unity Match&quot; iji belata esemokwu dị n'etiti klọb abụọ ahụ ma katọọ hooliganism.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ogunwale|first=Joba|title=UNITY MATCH: Atlantic Business FC and Grassrunners FC make amends for NLO post-game squabble|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/unity-match-atlantic-business-fc-and-grassrunners-fc-make-amends-for-nlo-post-game-squabble-2025061407183559454|work=Pulse Sports|date=14 June 2025|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na Ihe Ndị Ọ rụzuru ==

* '''NLO Nkewa nke 2'''
** Ndị na-agba ọsọ (1): 2023[[Faịlụ:Silver_medal_icon.svg|15x15px]]
* '''Iko Njikọ Ndị Ntorobịa Naịjirịa'''
** Ndị na-agba ọsọ (1): 2025[[Faịlụ:Silver_medal_icon.svg|15x15px]]

== Ụlọ Nzukọ na Nchịkwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
|-
|Henry Obinna Ekweariri
|Onye isi ala&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ATLANTIC BUSINESS FOOTBALL CLUB LIMITED|url=https://b2bhint.com/en/company/ng/atlantic-business-football-club-limited--RC-1770032|work=B2BHint|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Lucianne Ekweariri
|Osote Onye isi ala&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Sule Momoh
|Onye isi njikwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ahead TCC League: Business Atlantic Manager Celebrates Victory Over Ijebu United|url=https://pmexpressng.com/ahead-tcc-league-business-atlantic-manager-celebrates-victory-over-ijebu-united/|work=PM Express|date=26 January 2022|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ideye na-acha nchara nchara]]
|Onye nduzi nke Player Pathways and Partnerships &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2025-07-24|title=Super Eagles icon Ideye gets new job weeks after leaving Kanu Nwankwo’s Enyimba|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/super-eagles-icon-ideye-gets-new-job-weeks-after-leaving-kanu-nwankwos-enyimba-2025072412575982048|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Desmond Oke Oghenekome
|Onye isi mgbasa ozi / mmepụta
|-
|Tunde Young Akinloye
|Onye nduzi nkwukọrịta
|-
|}

=== Nchịkwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
|-
|Daniel Jafet
|Onye isi nchịkwa
|-
|Unyime Afia
|Onye na-enyere onye nkuzi aka
|-
|Moghalu Franklin
|Onye na-azụ ndị na-edebe goolu
|-
|Olayinka Adiro
|Onye Nlekọta Ìgwè
|-
|Cosmos Onyegbulam
|Onye Nhazi Ìgwè
|-
|}

== Mbufe ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;color:gold; background:black;&quot; |S/N
! style=&quot;color:gold; background:black;&quot; |Onye ọkpụkpọ
! style=&quot;color:gold; background:black;&quot; |Ka ọ gaa
! style=&quot;color:gold; background:black;&quot; |Afọ
|-
|1.
|Chisom Okereke
|[[Nasarawa United|Nasarawa]]
|2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NASARAWA UNITED FORWARD CHISOM OKEREKE: If not for football, I'd have been a fashion designer|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nasarawa-united-forward-chisom-okereke-if-not-for-football-id-have-been-a-fashion-designer/|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|date=24 July 2022|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2.
|Mustapha Abiodun
|[[FK IMT|IMT Belgrade]]
|2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olaleye|first=Oluwadamilola|title=The Creative Championship 2022: Atlantic Business FC Abiodun Mustapha Ecstatic Over MOTM Award, Credit Teammates Surreal Performance|url=https://www.sports247.ng/the-creative-championship-2022-atlantic-business-fc-abiodun-mustapha-ecstatic-over-motm-award-credit-teammates-surreal-performance/|work=Sports247|date=10 October 2022|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3.
|Chinedu Umeh
|[[Seinäjoen Jalkapallokerho|SJK]]
|2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abe|first=Olamide|title=Umeh joins SJK with Champions League dream|url=https://punchng.com/umeh-joins-sjk-with-champions-league-dream/|work=[[The Punch]]|date=7 June 2025|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Aha ya
!Oge ọ nọrọ
|-
|Sule Momoh
|2017 - 2020
|-
|Warri Charles
|2020 - 2021
|-
|Olayinka Adiro
|2021 - 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bamisebi|first=Samuel|title=WGB Lagos FA Cup: &quot;I Came Here To Attack,&quot; Atlantic Business Coach Adiro Yinka As Side Upsets First Bank FC|url=https://www.sports247.ng/wgb-lagos-fa-cup-i-came-here-to-attack-atlantic-business-coach-adiro-yinka-as-side-upsets-first-bank-fc/|work=Sports247|date=5 December 2021|accessdate=3 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Warri Charles
|2023 - 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coach Warri looking positive to secure another three points against FC Bethel Sporting|url=https://futebol.com.ng/coach-warri-charles-is-optimistic-about-getting-all-three-points-against-fc-bethel-sporting-in-tomorrows-dsl-week-seven-fixture/|work=Futebol|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Daniel Jafet
|2024 - ugbu a&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Atlantic Business Continue Scoring Spree; Overwhelm VOE|url=https://thecreativechampionship.com/report-md16-voe-football-3-5-atlantic-business/|work=The Creative Championship|accessdate=4 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Anambra Pillars F.C.</title>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314842423|Anambra Pillars F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Anambra Pillars Football Club''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị n'obodo [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]] .

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hibere ha n'afọ 2005 n'aha &quot;Power United&quot; ma gbaa egwu na Nigeria Amateur League Division 3. Ha nwetara nkwalite n'ọkwa na-esote nkewa maka afọ ọ bụla ha dị, mana n'afọ 2008, a chụpụrụ ha na otu ọkachamara nke Naijiria National League n'ihi enweghị ego. Ka ha gbanwechara aha ha ka ọ bụrụ Anambra Pillars, otu ahụ meriri ngalaba ha ọzọ n'afọ 2009 (site n'otu ebe) wee bata n'ọkwa ọkachamara.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

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    <title>John nke Brète</title>
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        <username>Confidence24</username>
        <id>24524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351634723|Jean de La Brète]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Jean_de_La_Brète.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|John nke Brète]]
'''Jean de La Brète''' (aha mkpị nke '''Alice Cherbonnel'''; 1858–1945) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ France nke ji aha nzuzu dee akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Classified1913&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Classified Catalogue of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. 1907–1911|date=1913|publisher=Carnegie library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIgZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA1899|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya kacha mara amara, ''Mon oncle et mon curé'' (1889), gafere ọtụtụ mbipụta ma gbanwee ya ka ọ dabara na ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Alice Cherbonnel na Saumur, Disemba 13, 1858&lt;ref name=&quot;1frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marnot|first=René|title=A propos d'un tableau de Jean de la Brète|journal=Société des lettres, sciences et arts du Saumurois|date=1 February 1977|issue=126|pages=16–23|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6528008r/f18.item.r=CHERBONNEL|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; site n'aka nna onye Norman na nne onye Angevin. Ọ si n'agbụrụ ndị na-akọ akụkọ French.

== Ọrụ ==
Akwụkwọ akụkọ La Brète bụ nkọwa gbasara ọha mmadụ nke oge a. Le Roman d'une croyante, L'Impossible, na Un Mirage lebara anya na nsogbu okpukpe ndị kpasuru France iwe n'oge La Brète. Ọrụ ya kacha ewu ewu bụ Mon oncle et mon curé, akụkọ ndụ nwa agbọghọ nke na-ekpughere onye na-agụ ya echiche ya, nrọ ya, na ọchịchọ ya. E nyere ya Prix Montyon na 1890 site n'aka Académie française, a na-ebipụtakwa ya mgbe niile ruo 1977. E mere akwụkwọ akụkọ a maka sinima na 1938. A na-ewere Mon oncle et mon curé dị ka ọrụ bara uru mmụta, nke e ji amamihe na nke dabara adaba zoo dị ka ọrụ akụkọ ifo.[1] Ọ bụ ederede kachasị amasị ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji. Elizabeth M. White gbanwere akwụkwọ ahụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto, na-edetu ihe n'efu na ihe odide ala ala, ma na-agbakwụnye usoro mmega ahụ dabere na ederede ahụ, maka ntụgharị site na Bekee laghachi na French.[2]

A kọwara ụdị La Brète dị ka nke doro anya ma doo anya; akụkọ ya dị ike ma nwee agba dị iche iche; a na-egosipụta mmechi ya n'ozuzu ya site na atụmatụ ahụ kama site n'usoro okwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tales1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Jean de La Brète|journal=Tales: A Magazine of the World's Best Fiction|date=January 1908|volume=37|issue=3|pages=375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-U5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA374|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
N'oge oyi, ọ bi n'ụlọ dị na Paris n'uzo Boulevard des Invalides. N'oge ọkọchị, ọ bi n'ụlọ ya dị na Anjou, ala nke ezinụlọ nne ya nwere ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. E tinyere ọbá akwụkwọ ya n'ụlọ elu dị n'elu ụlọ ekpere nke manor ahụ, nke nkọwa ya dị n'ọrụ ya ''Badinage'' ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tales1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Jean de La Brète|journal=Tales: A Magazine of the World's Best Fiction|date=January 1908|volume=37|issue=3|pages=375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-U5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA374|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=L-U5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA374 &quot;Jean de La Brète&quot;]. ''Tales: A Magazine of the World's Best Fiction''. '''37''' (3). New York City: 375. January 1908&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Alice Cherbonnel nwụrụ na Cizay-la-Madeleine na 23 Ọgọst n'afo 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;1frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marnot|first=René|title=A propos d'un tableau de Jean de la Brète|journal=Société des lettres, sciences et arts du Saumurois|date=1 February 1977|issue=126|pages=16–23|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6528008r/f18.item.r=CHERBONNEL|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarnot1977&quot;&gt;Marnot, René (1 February 1977). [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6528008r/f18.item.r=CHERBONNEL &quot;A propos d'un tableau de Jean de la Brète&quot;] &amp;#x5B;About a work by Jean de la Brète&amp;#x5D;. ''Société des lettres, sciences et arts du Saumurois'' (in French) (126): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16–&lt;/span&gt;23&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via Gallica.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Na France, okporo ụzọ atọ ka akpọrọ aha Jean de La Brète: na Saumur, na Cizay-la-Madeleine, na na Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou.

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==

* 1890: Prix Montyon, Académie française, maka ''Mon oncle et mon curé''&lt;ref name=&quot;5frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jean de La Brète&quot;.|url=https://www.academie-francaise.fr/node/16429|work=www.academie-francaise.fr|publisher=Académie française|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1895: Prix Montyon, Académie française, maka ''Un vaincu''&lt;ref name=&quot;5frwp&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==
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== Mgbanwe ==

=== Fim ===

* 1938: ''[Mon oncle et mon curé'', ihe nkiri French nke Pierre Caron duziri, ya na André Lefaur, Annie France, Paul Cambo na René Génin

=== Ụlọ ihe nkiri ===

* 1935: ''Mon oncle et mon curé'', ihe ọchị na 3 omume nke Lucien Dabril, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Jean de La Brète. Emere na Paris, Cercle les Jeunes des Ternes, 30 Eprel 1935
* 1939: ''La Source enchantée'', ihe ọchị na 4 omume Lucien Dabril, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ La Brète. Rennes, nke ụlọ ọrụ ''Le Manteau d'Arlequin'' kere, 22 Jenụwarị 1939

== Ihe odide ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351634723|Jean de La Brète]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Jean_de_La_Brète.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Jean de La Brète]]
'''Jean de La Brète''' (aha mkpị nke '''Alice Cherbonnel'''; 1858–1945) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ France nke ji aha nzuzu dee akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Classified1913&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Classified Catalogue of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. 1907–1911|date=1913|publisher=Carnegie library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIgZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA1899|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya kacha mara amara, ''Mon oncle et mon curé'' (1889), gafere ọtụtụ mbipụta ma gbanwee ya ka ọ dabara na ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Alice Cherbonnel na Saumur, Disemba 13, 1858&lt;ref name=&quot;1frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marnot|first=René|title=A propos d'un tableau de Jean de la Brète|journal=Société des lettres, sciences et arts du Saumurois|date=1 February 1977|issue=126|pages=16–23|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6528008r/f18.item.r=CHERBONNEL|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; site n'aka nna onye Norman na nne onye Angevin. Ọ si n'agbụrụ ndị na-akọ akụkọ French.

== Ọrụ ==
Akwụkwọ akụkọ La Brète bụ nkọwa gbasara ọha mmadụ nke oge a. Le Roman d'une croyante, L'Impossible, na Un Mirage lebara anya na nsogbu okpukpe ndị kpasuru France iwe n'oge La Brète. Ọrụ ya kacha ewu ewu bụ Mon oncle et mon curé, akụkọ ndụ nwa agbọghọ nke na-ekpughere onye na-agụ ya echiche ya, nrọ ya, na ọchịchọ ya. E nyere ya Prix Montyon na 1890 site n'aka Académie française, a na-ebipụtakwa ya mgbe niile ruo 1977. E mere akwụkwọ akụkọ a maka sinima na 1938. A na-ewere Mon oncle et mon curé dị ka ọrụ bara uru mmụta, nke e ji amamihe na nke dabara adaba zoo dị ka ọrụ akụkọ ifo.[1] Ọ bụ ederede kachasị amasị ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji. Elizabeth M. White gbanwere akwụkwọ ahụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto, na-edetu ihe n'efu na ihe odide ala ala, ma na-agbakwụnye usoro mmega ahụ dabere na ederede ahụ, maka ntụgharị site na Bekee laghachi na French.[2]

A kọwara ụdị La Brète dị ka nke doro anya ma doo anya; akụkọ ya dị ike ma nwee agba dị iche iche; a na-egosipụta mmechi ya n'ozuzu ya site na atụmatụ ahụ kama site n'usoro okwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tales1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Jean de La Brète|journal=Tales: A Magazine of the World's Best Fiction|date=January 1908|volume=37|issue=3|pages=375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-U5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA374|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
N'oge oyi, ọ bi n'ụlọ dị na Paris n'uzo Boulevard des Invalides. N'oge ọkọchị, ọ bi n'ụlọ ya dị na Anjou, ala nke ezinụlọ nne ya nwere ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. E tinyere ọbá akwụkwọ ya n'ụlọ elu dị n'elu ụlọ ekpere nke manor ahụ, nke nkọwa ya dị n'ọrụ ya ''Badinage'' ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tales1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Jean de La Brète|journal=Tales: A Magazine of the World's Best Fiction|date=January 1908|volume=37|issue=3|pages=375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-U5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA374|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=L-U5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA374 &quot;Jean de La Brète&quot;]. ''Tales: A Magazine of the World's Best Fiction''. '''37''' (3). New York City: 375. January 1908&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Alice Cherbonnel nwụrụ na Cizay-la-Madeleine na 23 Ọgọst n'afo 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;1frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marnot|first=René|title=A propos d'un tableau de Jean de la Brète|journal=Société des lettres, sciences et arts du Saumurois|date=1 February 1977|issue=126|pages=16–23|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6528008r/f18.item.r=CHERBONNEL|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMarnot1977&quot;&gt;Marnot, René (1 February 1977). [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6528008r/f18.item.r=CHERBONNEL &quot;A propos d'un tableau de Jean de la Brète&quot;] &amp;#x5B;About a work by Jean de la Brète&amp;#x5D;. ''Société des lettres, sciences et arts du Saumurois'' (in French) (126): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16–&lt;/span&gt;23&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 September&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via Gallica.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Na France, okporo ụzọ atọ ka akpọrọ aha Jean de La Brète: na Saumur, na Cizay-la-Madeleine, na na Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou.

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==

* 1890: Prix Montyon, Académie française, maka ''Mon oncle et mon curé''&lt;ref name=&quot;5frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jean de La Brète&quot;.|url=https://www.academie-francaise.fr/node/16429|work=www.academie-francaise.fr|publisher=Académie française|accessdate=15 September 2024|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1895: Prix Montyon, Académie française, maka ''Un vaincu''&lt;ref name=&quot;5frwp&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==
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== Mgbanwe ==

=== Fim ===

* 1938: ''[Mon oncle et mon curé'', ihe nkiri French nke Pierre Caron duziri, ya na André Lefaur, Annie France, Paul Cambo na René Génin

=== Ụlọ ihe nkiri ===

* 1935: ''Mon oncle et mon curé'', ihe ọchị na 3 omume nke Lucien Dabril, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Jean de La Brète. Emere na Paris, Cercle les Jeunes des Ternes, 30 Eprel 1935
* 1939: ''La Source enchantée'', ihe ọchị na 4 omume Lucien Dabril, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ La Brète. Rennes, nke ụlọ ọrụ ''Le Manteau d'Arlequin'' kere, 22 Jenụwarị 1939

== Ihe odide ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351385297|Elisabeth Labrousse]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Elisabeth Labrousse''' (amụrụ dika '''Elisabeth Goguel'''; 10 Jenụwarị 1914 - 1 Febụwarị 2000) bụ onye [[Ákọ na Uche|ọkà ihe ọmụma]], ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na onye nkuzi mahadum nke France. A maara ya maka ọrụ ya na [[Pierre Bayle]] na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okpukpe Protestant nke French.

== Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ==
A mụrụ Elisabeth Goguel na Paris na Jenụwarị 10, 1914. Ọ bụ ada Maurice Goguel, onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst mbụ na prọfesọ na ngalaba nkà mmụta okpukpe Protestant na Paris, onye nduzi ọmụmụ ihe na École pratique des hautes études, nakwa Prọfesọ na Mahadum Sorbonne. Ụmụnne ya gụnyere [[François Goguel]], ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara iwu ochichi France, na Jean Goguel, ọkà mmụta nkume &lt;a href=&quot;./Early_Christianity&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; data-linkid=&quot;21&quot; data-cx=&quot;{&amp;amp;quot;adapted&amp;amp;quot;:false,&amp;amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;title&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Early Christianity&amp;amp;quot;,&amp;amp;quot;description&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Historical era of the Christian religion&amp;amp;quot;,&amp;amp;quot;pageprops&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Q51644&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;en&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;source&amp;amp;quot;}&quot; class=&quot;cx-link&quot; id=&quot;mwEw&quot; title=&quot;Early Christianity&quot;&gt;ụ&lt;/a&gt;wa.

Labrousse gbachitere thesis ya na 1963, n'okpuru nduzi nke Henri Gouhier.

== Ọrụ ==
Labrousse malitere ọrụ ya na Mahadum Mba nke Tucumán dị na [[Argentina]], ebe ọ kụziri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge a site na 1947 ruo 1955. Dịka onye meriri agụmakwụkwọ na Maison Descartes na Amsterdam na 1952, ọ malitere ndepụta dị mkpa nke akwụkwọ ozi Bayle. Ọ sonyeere Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) na 1955 wee gaa n'ihu na ọrụ mahadum ya ebe ahụ ruo 1979. Site na 1966 ruo 1979, ọ bụ onye nkuzi na ngalaba nke anọ nke École pratique des hautes études.

Ọ nwụrụ na Nice na 1 Febụwarị 2000. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Huguenot Society bipụtara nyocha nke ọrụ ya site na iji ya tụnyere nke Bayle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Reflections on Pierre Bayle and Elisabeth Labrousse, and their Huguenot critique of intolerance|author=Sally Jenkinson|journal=The Huguenot Society Journal|volume=27|issue=3|pages=325 ff}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==

* 1973, Doctorat ''honoris causa'', Institut protestant de théologie - faculté de théologie protestante de Paris
* 1982, Doctorat ''honoris causa'', Mahadum Geneva
* 1986, Doctorat ''honoris causa'', Mahadum Oxford
* 2000, Doctorat ''honoris causa'', Mahadum Leiden
* ''Onye nkuzi'', Mahadum St Hilda, Oxford
* ''Onye otu nsọpụrụ'', American Historical Association

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* ''Ndepụta dị mkpa nke akwụkwọ ozi Pierre Bayle'', Paris, Vrin, 1961.
* ''Pierre Bayle - I. Site na obodo Foix gaa n'obodo Erasmus; II. Heterodoxism na rigorism'', The Hague, Nijhoff, 1963-1964 (Mpịakọta nke Abụọ, eweghachiri: Paris, Albin Michel, 1996).
* ''Pierre Bayle na ngwa ọrụ nkatọ, Ngosipụta, nhọrọ nke ederede, akwụkwọ edemede nke E. Labrousse dere'', Paris, Seghers, 1965.
* ''Henri Basnage de Beauval, Ntachi Obi nke Okpukperechi'', London / New York, 1970. (onye nchịkọta akụkọ na okwu mmalite)
* ''Pierre Bayle, Gịnị bụ France niile Katọlik n'okpuru Louis the Great'', nke E. Labrousse deziri ya na mmekorita nke H. Himmelfarb na Roger Zuber, Paris, Vrin, 1973. (onye nchịkọta akụkọ)
* ''Ọnụ Ụzọ Saturn si Leo banye (Echichi anyanwụ nke Ọgọst 12, 1654)'', The Hague, Nijhoff, 1974.
* ''Mgbuchapụ nke St. Bartholomew, ma ọ bụ mmetụta nke ogbugbu mmadụ'', Neuchâtel 1976. (na mmekorita ya na Philippe Joutard, Janine Estèbe na J. Lecuir)
* ''Pierre Bayle, Ọrụ Dị Iche Iche'', nke E. Labrousse, Hildesheim na New York, deziri ma malite okwu mmalite, Georg Olms, 1982.
* ''Okpukpe, iwu, eze? Mwepụ nke Iwu Nantes'', Paris, Payot / Geneva, Labour na Fides, 1985.
* ''Ịdọ Aka Ná Ntị nye Ndị Protestant nke Ógbè Ndị Ikpe'' (1684), ederede E. Labrousse wepụtara, n'akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Okpukpe na Nkà Ihe Ọmụma, Nke 67, Paris, PUF, 1986. (onye nchịkọta akụkọ)
* ''Ihe edeturu na Bayle'', Paris, Vrin, 1987.
* ''Akwụkwọ ozi Pierre Bayle'', Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. (onye nchịkọta akụkọ)

== Ntụaka ==

=== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ===
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=== Ndekọ Akwụkwọ ===

* ''De l'humanism aux Lumières. Bayle et le mkpesa. Mélanges en l'honneur d'Élisabeth Labrousse'' (Michelle Magdelaine, Maria-Cristina Pitassi, Ruth Whelan et Antony McKenna), Paris, Universitas et Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1996.
* ''Élisabeth Labrousse, Akọnuche na ikpe. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na XVIIe siècle'', Universitas et Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1996.
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    <title>Amélie Nothomb</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322134639|Amélie Nothomb]]&quot;</comment>
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Baroness '''Fabienne Claire Nothomb''' (French pronunciation: [fabjɛn klɛːʁ nɔtɔ̃b]; amụrụ na 13 August 1967 ), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha edemede ya '''Amélie Nothomb''' (&quot; [ameli nɔtɔ̃б]), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSD_Cb7gpik|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/CSD_Cb7gpik|archivedate=2021-12-12|title=Amélie Nothomb soutient les librairies indépendantes sur &quot;l'Obs&quot;|work=L'Obs|date=November 7, 2020|accessdate=February 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye edemede Belgian Francophone. Ọ nọrọ n'Eshia n'oge ọ bụ nwata.

Onye edemede na-emepụta ihe, kemgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya Hygiene and the Assassin na 1992, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na isii, o bipụtara akwụkwọ n'otu afọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya so n'ime akwụkwọ kachasị ere ma sụgharịa ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ. Ọ bụ Commander of the Order of the Crown ma nwee utu aha Baroness nke Eze Philip nke Belgium nyere ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na-atọ ọchị banyere ndụ ụlọ ọrụ na Japan Fear and Trembling meriri Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française na 1999, na 2015 a họpụtara ya na Royal Academy of French Language and Literature na Belgium.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Nnyocha na-egosi na a mụrụ Amélie Nothomb na Etterbeek, Brussels-Capital Region na 9 Julaị 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ireland&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ireland|first=Benjamin Hiramatsu|title=Amélie Nothomb's Distorted Truths: Birth, Identity, and Stupeur et tremblements|journal=New Zealand Journal of French Studies|date=May 2012|volume=33|issue=1|pages=135–156|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/f5edeb1ac542436e634a99afa37af2c8/1?pq-origsite=gscholar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ọ na-ekwukarị na a mụrụ ya na Kobe, Japan na 1967 ebe ihe ndekọ na-egosi na ọ bi ebe ahụ naanị site na afọ abụọ ruo ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ireland&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ọ biri na China, New York City, Bangladesh, Burma, United Kingdom (Coventry) na Laos. &lt;ref name=&quot;SAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://modernlanguages.sas.ac.uk/research-centres/centre-study-contemporary-womens-writing/languages/french/am%C3%A9lie-nothomb|title=Institute of Modern Languages|accessdate=22 September 2021|archivedate=28 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328010128/https://modernlanguages.sas.ac.uk/research-centres/centre-study-contemporary-womens-writing/languages/french/am%C3%A9lie-nothomb}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sitere n'ezinụlọ a ma ama na Belgium. Nna ya bụ onye nnọchi anya mba Belgium bụ Patrick Nothomb, ọ bụkwa nwa nwa nke Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb (onye minista mba ọzọ nke Belgium) (1980-1981), na nwa nwa nke onye edemede na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Pierre Nothomb.&lt;ref name=&quot;SAS&quot; /&gt; O nwere otu nwanne nwoke (André Nothomb) na otu nwanne nwanyị, Juliette Nothomb, onye na-ede akwụkwọ ụmụaka.
[[Faịlụ:Armes_de_la_famille_Nothomb.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|139x139px|Akara agha ezinụlọ ya]]
Mgbe ọ nọ na Japan, Nothomb gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ ma mụta Japanese. Mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara China. O kwuru na Fear and Trembling na ịhapụ Japan bụ &quot;nkewa dị mwute nye m&quot;. Ọ gụrụ [[nkà mmụta asụsụ]] na Mahadum Libre de Bruxelles . Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ, Nothomb laghachiri Japan ịrụ ọrụ n'otu ụlọ ọrụ Japan dị na Tokyo. Ahụmahụ ya maka oge a ka ekwuru na egwu na ịma jijiji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3654008/A-writers-life-Amelie-Nothomb.html|title=A writer's life: Amélie Nothomb|author=Jasper Rees|date=23 July 2006|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke Nothomb, Hygiène de l'assassin, na 1992. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/belgium/articles/a-belgian-story-of-literary-success-amelie-nothomb/|title=How Amélie Nothomb Became Belgium's Most Outlandish Writer|first=Teresa Lopes|author=Vieira|date=4 September 2015|work=theculturetrip.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ahụ, o bipụtala ihe dị ka otu akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa afọ, gụnyere Les Catilinaires (1995), Fear and Trembling (1999) na Métaphysique des tubes (2000). Enyerela ya ọtụtụ ihe nrite, gụnyere 1993 Prix Jacques-Chardonne, 1999 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, Grand Prix Jean Giono (2008), na kemgbe 2015 bụ onye otu Belgium Royal Academy of French asụsụ na akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.arllfb.be/composition/membres/nothomba.html|title=Amélie Nothomb : Bio-blibliographie|work=www.arllfb.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere akụkọ ndụ (The Book of Proper Names) nke onye na-agụ egwu nwanyị French bụ Robert na 2002 ma n'oge 2000-2002 dere okwu maka egwu itoolu site n'otu onye omenkà ahụ.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ - Amélie Nothomb: une vie entre deux eaux (ndụ dị n'etiti mmiri abụọ) - nke Laurelinne Amanieux na Luca Chiari dere na duziri ya, banyere nlọghachi Amélie na Japan na nchọpụta nke ịma mma nke ọdịdị ala, ememe udo, mwute nke Fukushima, ma karịsịa, nzukọ ahụ mere na onye nọọsụ Japanese12 bụ Nishio2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lucachiari.com/gallery-categories/first-gallery/109-amelie-nothomb-une-vie-entre-deux-eaux-directed-by-luca-chiari-52-2012-directing-camera-sound-co-writing|title=Amélie Nothomb, une vie entre deux eaux|work=www.lucachiari.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na Royal Decree nke 8 Julaị 2015, e mere Nothomb ka ọ bụrụ onye na-abụghị onye nketa. 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Premier sang gosipụtara akụkọ ifo nke nna ya, onye nwụrụ na 2020, nke edere na onye mbụ. Akwụkwọ ahụ meriri Prix Renaudot 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-11-03|title=Le prix Renaudot récompense Amélie Nothomb pour &quot; Premier sang &quot;|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/livres/le-prix-renaudot-recompense-amelie-nothomb-pour-premier-sang-00f8874e-3c9d-11ec-8bc6-eb6b26766f3c|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=ouest-france.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;650px&quot;
|+
!Published&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(in French)
!Type
!Original title
!English title
!English publication details
|-
|1992
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Hygiène de l'assassin}}''
|''Hygiene and the Assassin''
|Europa Editions, hardback, 2010  
|-
|1993
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Le Sabotage amoureux}}''
|''Loving Sabotage''
|W. W. Norton &amp; Co, hardback, 2000,  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Faber and Faber, paperback, 2003,  
|-
|1993
|tale
|''{{Lang|fr|Légende un peu chinoise}}''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Longue Vue)
|
|
|-
|1994
|play
|''{{Lang|fr|Les Combustibles}}''
|''Human Rites''
|Oberon Books, paperback, 2005,  
|-
|1995
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Les Catilinaires}}''
|''The Stranger Next Door''
|Holt (Henry) &amp; Co, hardback, 1996,  
|-
|1996
|novel
|''Péplum''
|
|
|-
|1996
|14 pages short story
|''{{Lang|fr|Électre}}'' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Stock)
|
|
|-
|1996
|short story
|''{{Lang|fr|L'Existence de Dieu}}'' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(La Revue Générale)
|
|
|-
|1997
|novel
|''Attentat''
|
|
|-
|1998
|novel
|''Mercure''
|
|
|-
|1999
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Stupeur et tremblements}}''
|''Fear and Trembling''
|Faber and Faber, paperback, 2002,  
|-
|1999
|39 pages short story
|''{{Lang|fr|Le Mystère par excellence}}''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Lang|fr|Le Grand livre du mois}})
|
|
|-
|2000
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Métaphysique des tubes}}''
|''The Character of Rain''
|Faber and Faber, paperback, 2003,  
|-
|2000
|3 tales
|''{{Lang|fr|Brillant comme une casserole}}''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(La Pierre d'Alun)
|
|
|-
|2001
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Cosmétique de l'ennemi}}''
|''The Enemy's Cosmetique''
|
|-
|2001
|2 pages short story
|''{{Lang|fr|Aspirin}}''
|
|
|-
|2001
|64 pages short story
|''{{Lang|fr|Sans nom}}''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Elle)
|
|
|-
|2002
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Robert des noms propres}}''
|''The Book of Proper Names''
|Faber and Faber, paperback, 2004,  
|-
|2003
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Antéchrista}}''
|''Antichrista''
|Faber and Faber, paperback, 2004,  
|-
|2004
|46 pages short story
|''{{Lang|fr|L'Entrée du Christ à Bruxelles}}''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Elle)
|
|
|-
|2004
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Biographie de la faim}}''
|''The Life of Hunger''
|Faber and Faber, hardback, 2006
|-
|2005
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Acide sulfurique}}''
|''Sulphuric Acid''
|Faber and Faber, hardback, 2007
|-
|2006
|novel
|''Journal d'Hirondelle''
|
|
|-
|2007
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Ni d'Eve, ni d'Adam}}''
|''Tokyo Fiancée''
|Europa Editions, hardback, 2008
|-
|2007
|short story in 9 episodes
|''{{Lang|fr|Les Champignons de Paris ([[Charlie Hebdo]])}}''
|
|
|-
|2008
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Le Fait du prince}}''
|''The Prince's Act''
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2009
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Le Voyage d'Hiver}}''
|''The Winter Journey''
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2010
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Une forme de vie}}''
|''Life Form''
|Europa Editions, hardback
|-
|2011
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|[[Tuer le père]]}}''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2012
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|[[Barbe bleue]]}}'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2013/january/barbe-bleue-amelie-nothomb|title=Barbe bleue by Amélie Nothomb|date=17 December 2012|work=World Literature Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2013
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|[[La nostalgie heureuse]]}}''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2014
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|[[Pétronille]]}}''
|''Pétronille''
|Europa Editions, paperback, 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.europaeditions.com/book/9781609452902/petronille|title=Pétronille|work=Europa Editions|accessdate=2018-01-19|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|novel
|''Le Crime du comte Neville''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2016
|novel
|''Riquet à la houppe''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2017
|novel
|''Frappe-toi le cœur''
|''Strike your Heart''
|Éditions Albin Michel, Europa Editions  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.complete-review.com/reviews/nothomba/strike_your_heart.htm|title=Strike Your Heart – Amélie Nothomb|work=www.complete-review.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/amelie-nothomb/strike-your-heart/|title=STRIKE YOUR HEART &amp;#124; Kirkus Reviews}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.startribune.com/review-strike-your-heart-by-amelie-nothomb/492645651/|title=Review: 'Strike Your Heart,' by Amélie Nothomb|author=MALCOLM FORBES|work=Star Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|novel
|''Les prénoms épicènes''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2019
|novel
|''Soif''
|''Thirst''
|Europa Editions,  
|-
|2020
|novel
|''Les aérostats''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel,  
|-
|2021
|novel
|''Premier sang''
|''First Blood''
|Europa Editions
|-
|2022
|novel
|''Le livre des sœurs''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel
|-
|2023
|novel
|''{{Lang|fr|Psychopompe}}''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel,  
|-
|2024
|novel
|''L'impossible retour''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel,  
|-
|2025
|novel
|''Tant mieux''
|
|Éditions Albin Michel,  
|}
Ọ gwụla ma ekwuru ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, e bipụtara ọrụ niile na French site na Éditions Albin Michel.

== Mgbanwe ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===

* 1999: Hygiène de l'assassin (Hygiene and the Assassin), ihe nkiri French nke François Ruggieri duziri, ya na Jean Yanne (Prétextat Tach) na Barbara Schulz (Nina).
* 2003: Stupeur et tremblements (Tụma na ịma jijiji), ihe nkiri French nke Alain Corneau duziri na Sylvie Testud (Amélie) na Kaori Tsuji (Fubuki).
* 2014: Tokyo Fiancée, ihe nkiri Belgian nke Stefan Liberski duziri na Pauline Etienne (Amélie) na [[Taichi Inoue]] (Rinri) 
* 2021: A Perfect Enemy (nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, Cosmétique de l'ennemi), ihe nkiri French nke Kike Maíllo duziri.
* 2025: Little Amélie ma ọ bụ Character of Rain, ihe nkiri animated nke France nke Maïlys Vallade na Liane-Cho Han duziri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Drew|date=September 3, 2025|title=Annecy-Winning ‘Little Amélie or the Character of Rain’ Gets Theatrical Release Date, Trailer {{!}} Exclusive|url=https://www.thewrap.com/little-amelie-or-the-character-of-rain-trailer-release-date/|accessdate=October 14, 2025|work=[[TheWrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbanwe nke ihe nkiri ===

* Ihe omuma di nma (English), Theater Le Ranelagh, Paris, 1999

Mụ na Valérie Mairesse, Pétronille de Saint-Rapt, Vanessa Jarry Onye nduzi: Annabelle Milot

* Ihe omuma di nma (Loving Sabotage), Theater Daniel-Sorano, Vincennes, 2003-2005

Mụ na Pauline Foschia, Jeanne Gougeau, Laurence Vielle Nhazi na ntụziaka: Brigitte Bailleux, Laurence Velle

* ''Ihe ntecha nke onye iro'' (The Enemy's Cosmetique), &quot;La Compagnie des Sept Lieux&quot;, Switzerland, 2003-2008

Mụ na John Durand na Olivier Renault Adaptation na ntụziaka: Emmanuel Samatani na Jean-Daniel Uldry

* Ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ (Human Rites), Theater Daniel-Sorano, Vincennes, March - April 2008

Mụ na Michel Boy, Julie Turin, Grégory Gerrebo Onye nduzi: Stéphane Cottin

* Métaphysique nke tubes (The Character of Rain), 2007-2009

Mụ na Cécile Schletzer na Claire Rieussec Onye nduzi: Claire Rieustec

* Hygiène de l'assassin (Hygiene and the Assassin), Theater of Namur na Theater &quot;the Public&quot;, Brussels, September - October 2008

Mụ na Daniel Hanssens, Nathalie Cornet, Valérie Marchand na Vincent Lécuyer Ntuziaka: Pierre Santini

* Biographie de la Farin (The Life of Hunger), Theater of &quot;La Place des Martyrs&quot;, Brussels, Eprel - Mee 2009

Mụ na Nathalie Cornet, Michel Hinderyckx, Jessica Gazon, Stéphanie Blanchoud... Ndozi na ntụzịaka: Christine Delmotte

* Les Combustibles (Human Rites), Theater of Nesle, Paris, 16 Septemba 2010 - 2 Ọktoba 2010

Mụ na Philippe Doré, Freddy Zimmer, Florine Moreau Onye nduzi: Hubert Vinzani

* ''Stupeur et Tremblements (Ụjọ na ịma jijiji), Ụlọ ihe nkiri &quot;Le Petit Hébértot&quot;, Paris, 18 Maachị 2011 - 22 Mee 2011''

Mụ na Layla Metssitane Nhazi na ntụziaka: Layla Mets sitane

=== Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị ===
Edegharịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ asatọ nke Amélie Nothomb n'ụdị akwụkwọ ọdịyo, mbipụta &quot;VDB&quot; bipụtara ndị nke ọzọ, nke &quot;Audiolib&quot; bụ:

* Robert des noms propres (=The Book of Proper Names): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Véronique Groux de Miéri (onye na-akọ akụkọ), La Roque-sur-Pernes, &quot;Éditions VDB&quot;, 1 March 2003 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF39186856q). 

Nkwado: 3 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 3:15 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. V.D.B. 008.

* Antéchrista (=Antichrista): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Véronique Groux de Miéri (onye na-akọ akụkọ), La Roque-sur-Pernes, &quot;Éditions VDB&quot;, 1 March 2004 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF412025642). 

Nkwado: 3 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 2:52 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. V.D.B. 033. Ihe osise egwu: Thierry Duhamel.

* Biographie de la faim (=The life of hunger): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Véronique Groux de Miéri (onye na-akọ akụkọ), La Roque-sur-Pernes, &quot;Éditions VDB&quot;, 1 March 2005 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF40227909h). 

Nkwado: 4 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 4:17 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. V.D.B. 074. Ihe osise egwu: Thierry Duhamel.

* ''Sulfuric acid'' (=''Sulphuric acid''): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Véronique Groux de Miéri (onye na-akọ akụkọ), La Roque-sur-Pernes, &quot;Éditions VDB&quot;, 1 March 2006 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF40227903f). 

Nkwado: 3 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 5:39 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. V.D.B. 104. Ihe osise egwu: Thierry Duhamel.

* Ma nke Eve, ma nke Adam (=Tokyo Fiancée): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Sylvie Testud (onye na-akọ akụkọ), Paris, &quot;Audiolib&quot;, 13 February 2008 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF412025642). 

Nkwado: 1 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 3:50 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. Audiolib 25 0012 02.

* Le fait du prince (=The prince's act): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Patrick Waleffe (onye na-akọ akụkọ), Paris, &quot;Audiolib&quot;, 21 Jenụwarị 2009 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF414068348). 

Nkwado: 1 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 3:00 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. Audiolib 25 0049 4.

* Le voyage d'hiver (=The winter journey): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Thibault de Montalembert (onye na-akọ akụkọ), Paris, &quot;Audiolib&quot;, 9 Septemba 2009 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF42044512x). 

Nkwado: 2 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 1:54 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. Audiolib 25 0129 4.

* Une forme de vie (=A form of life): Amélie Nothomb (onye edemede) na Frédéric Meaux (onye na-akọ akụkọ), Paris, &quot;Audiolib&quot;, 13 October 2010 ( ) (Note BNF (FRENCHATIONAL LIBRARY) no FRBNF42285807k). 

Nkwado: 1 CD ọdịyo (na-adịte aka: 2:42 am min, ederede zuru ezu), ref. Audiolib 25 281 3.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-8204-6182-2|&lt;bdi&gt;0-8204-6182-2&lt;/bdi&gt;]] &amp;nbsp;
* (fr) Frédérique Chevillot, ''Amélie Nothomb: Ọkpụkpọ òkù maka ịgụ ihe ''. Women in French Studies, 2012, mpịakọta. 2012, Nke 1, peeji nke .
* Mary Jane Cowles, Close Encounters of the Abject Kind: The Intercultural Female Body in Amélie Nothomb's Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/467778|title=Close Encounters of the Abject Kind: The Intercultural Female Body in Amélie Nothomb's Japan|first=Mary Jane|author=Cowles|date=5 January 2011|journal=Women in French Studies|volume=19|issue=1|pages=94–107|doi=10.1353/wfs.2011.0002}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Amaleena Damlé, Making A Body without Organs: Amélie Nothomb's An-Organic Flux of Immanence,  . 
* (fr) Yolande Helm, Amélie Nothomb: a na-eduga na isi iyi nke orphism. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 15, peeji nke .
* Anna Kemp, The Child as Artist in Amélie Nothomb's Robert des noms propres. French studies, 2012, mpịakọta. 66, Nke 1, peeji nke 54-67.&amp;nbsp;
* Mark D. Lee, Les identités d'Amélie Nothomb: de l'invention médiatique aux fantasies originaires, ed. Rodopi, 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fabula.org/actualites/m-d-lee-les-identites-d-amelie-nothomb_37551.php|title=M. D. Lee, Les Identités d'Amélie Nothomb|first=Matthieu|author=Vernet|work=www.fabula.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/445140|title=Les Identités d'Amélie Nothomb: de l'invention médiatique aux fantasmes originaires (review)|first=Catherine|author=Rodgers|date=5 January 2011|journal=French Studies: A Quarterly Review|volume=65|issue=3|pages=409–410|doi=10.1093/fs/knr087}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://clo-adam.be/pdf/amelie-nothomb.pdf|title=clo-adam.be pdf|accessdate=19 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133627/http://clo-adam.be/pdf/amelie-nothomb.pdf|archivedate=20 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (fr) Andrea Oberhuber, Recrite à l'ère du soupçon insidiux: Amélie Nothomb et le recte postmodern. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 40, Nke 1, peeji nke .
* Scott M Powers, Evil in Contemporary French and Francophone Literature, 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v44nBwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Nothomb&amp;pg=PP5|title=Evil in Contemporary French and Francophone Literature|first=Scott M.|author=Powers|date=12 October 2010|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443826167}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

*  
* [http://www.amelie-nothomb.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Amélie Nothomb]
* {{IMDb name|0636569}}
* [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jun/16/fiction.richardlea Ajụjụ ọnụ onye nlekọta Amélie Nothomb, Richard Lea]
* [https://rochester.edu/College/translation/threepercent/?id=2405 Ajụjụ ọnụ Threepercent Rochester edu.]
* [http://www.complete-review.com/authors/nothomba.htm Nnyocha zuru ezu, Amélie Nothomb]
* (n'asụsụ Italian) [http://www.amelienothomb.com/amelie/index.aspx amélienothomb.com] E debere ya na  Wayback Machine, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na nzukọ ndị Ịtali na Voland edizioni
{{Amelie Nothomb}}{{Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française}}{{Prix Renaudot}}{{Authority control}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Portal bar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354090447|Evelyne Lallemand]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Evelyne Solange Lallemand''' (Julaị 1951 – Nọvemba 1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lallemand, Évelyne (1951-1997)|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11910756m|work=BnF Catalogue|accessdate=23 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=HIEST Evelyne Solange|url=https://deces.matchid.io/id/eE1KScp2Fx1I|work=MatchID|accessdate=23 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye ode akwụkwọ French, a maara ya maka ịga n'ihu ya na akwụkwọ Enid Blyton nke ''The Secret Seven'' n'afọ 1970, ebe o odere akwụkwọ iri na otu ọzọ iji tinye na akwụkwọ iri na ise nke Blyton. Anthea Bell sụgharịrị itoolu n'ime ha n'asụsụ Bekee n'etiti 1983 na 1987.

Lallemand so Viviane Cohen na Colette David rụkọọ ọrụ n'ide ma na-egosi akwụkwọ Mr. Men na Little Miss iri abụọ na anọ mgbe Roger Hargreaves nwụsịrị n'afọ 1988. A sụgharịrị akụkọ iri na atọ n'ime ha gaa n'asụsụ Bekee ma bụrụ akụkụ nke usoro ihe nkiri bụ isi.

A mụrụ Lalleman na Saint-Vallier na Julaị 1951. Ọ nwụrụ na Paris nime Nọvemba n'afọ 1997 mgbe ọ dị afọ 46.

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lallemand, Evelyne}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eric Ejiofor</title>
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        <id>13026</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330413568|Eric Ejiofor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Eric Ejiofor''' {{Audio|Ig-Eric Ejiofor.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na 17 Disemba 1979) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-echebe.

== Ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Ejiofor na Asaba, Delta State. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Enosis Neon Paralimni na ngalaba mbụ nke Cyprus ruo 2009, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lara ezumike nka na bọọlụ ọkachamara..

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Maccabi Haifa'''

* Israel Premier League: 2003-04

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Eric Ejioforna National-Football-Teams.com
* Eric Ejioforn'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
{{Nigeria Squad 2002 Africa Cup of Nations}}{{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uche Sherif</title>
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    <id>75775</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-14T20:11:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chinemeremprince</username>
        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330267695|Uche Sherif]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637761</origin>
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'''Uche Sherif''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Uche Sherif.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na Septemba 3, 1983 na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uche Sherif|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe91019/uche-sherif/|work=WorldFootball.net|accessdate=7 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-agbachitere Sharks F.C. ugbu a.

Sherif bụbu onye na-agbachitere F.C. Ashdod, Israel kemgbe oge egwuregwu 2005/2006, ọ si Enyimba International F.C. bịa F.C. Ashdod, n'oge ahụ Haim Revivo, onye bụ otu n'ime ndị nwe F.C. Ashdod, zụtara Sherif. Mgbe oge egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, e zigara ya Julius Berger F.C. na Septemba 2008 site na Sunshine Stars F.C. gaa na Sharks F.C.

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Uche Sherifna WorldFootball.net
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sherif, Uche}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>John Olufemi</title>
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    <id>75776</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Chinemeremprince</username>
        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256733739|John Olufemi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637763</origin>
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'''John Olufemi Otuagomah Sfondo''' (amụrụ na 7 Eprel 1984 na Lagos) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ.

== Ọrụ ==
Olufemi gbaziri Rovigo site na Palermo n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2006, mana na Jenụwarị 2007, ọ gara Bellinzona. O mechara gaa FC Locarno na Febụwarị 2008, na nkwekọrịta dị irè ruo oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2008. 

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>buw56v2ma3a2amii81xjej8wfx69d68</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Christian Muomaife</title>
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        <username>Chinemeremprince</username>
        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330416637|Christian Muomaife]]&quot;</comment>
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Christian &quot;Chris&quot; Muomaife {{Audio|Ig-Christian Muomaife.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na 20 Disemba 1987) bụ ọkachamara n'egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Naịjirịa, onye na-egwu egwu ugbu a na ÍF Fuglafjørður. Ọ na-egwuri egwu na otu egwuregwu Viborg FF nke Denmark.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Christian MuomaifenaDR  (n'asụsụ Danish)  (nke e debere) 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
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        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1288501838|Adubarie Otorubio]]&quot;</comment>
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Adubarie &quot;Chris&quot; [1] Otorubio bụbu onye nchekwa bọọlụ Naịjirịa, onye na-agba bọọlụ nke ọma n'egwuregwu bọọlụ nke ndị otu American Soccer League.

Otorubio tolitere na Naịjirịa tupu ọ kwaga mba Amerịka ịga mahadum. Ọ nọrọ oge anọ na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nke Clemson n'agbata afọ 1981 na 1984. Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu ACC nke afọ 1983 ma họpụta ya dịka otu egwuregwu mbụ nke All American. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.netitor.com/photos/confs/acc/null/m-soccer/auto_pdf/acc-records.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2007-05-17|archivedate=2011-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527022059/http://www.netitor.com/photos/confs/acc/null/m-soccer/auto_pdf/acc-records.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke otu Clemson nke weghaara 1984 NCAA championship. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Otorubio biri na Oklahoma City. N'afọ 1988, ọ bịanyere aka na Orlando Lions nke American Soccer League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1988/statsasl88.htm#Orlando|title=ASL 1988 Season|work=a-leaguearchive.tripod.com|accessdate=2018-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Soccer America Magazine kpọrọ Otorubio na kọleji ha nke narị afọ. Nwa ya nwanyị Jessica Cousins, gbara ọsọ maka Mahadum Arkansas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.arkansasrazorbacks.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=6100&amp;ATCLID=238090|title=Ticket Office Information|date=2015-01-24|work=Arkansas Razorbacks|accessdate=2018-05-31|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Harrison Omoko</title>
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        <username>Chinemeremprince</username>
        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1276241108|Harrison Omoko]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Harrison Orovianor Omokoh''' (amụrụ na 12 Disemba 1981) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa.

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>0uxn3o1iadrnd0oqp0ljd5ylk1bt46x</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Wole Odegbami</title>
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    <id>75780</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Chinemeremprince</username>
        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330253477|Wole Odegbami]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637767</origin>
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'''Joseph Oluwole &quot;Wole&quot; Odegbami''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Wole Odegbami.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1962) bụ onye bụbu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara na Naịjirịa nke gbara bọọlụ dịka onye na-agba bọọlụ n'ihu. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa, o nyere goolu ugboro abụọ n'egwuregwu iri na asatọ maka obodo ya. Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke Segun Odegbami, ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị asọmpi na asọmpi Olimpiks Oge Okpomọkụ nke afọ 1988 na Seoul, South Korea.

Ọ gbara bọọlụ afọ anọ na Saịprọs, maka EPA Larnaca na Parallimni, wee gaa na 1993 na VSE St. Pölten na Austrian Bundesliga. N'afọ 1994-95, o nwere ule na England na Millwall na Wimbledon, mana enyeghị ya nkwekọrịta.

Odegbami gbakwara bọọlụ maka ndị na-abụghị ndị England, Dulwich Hamlet, Bromley, Grays Athletic na Purfleet.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Wole Odegbamina WorldFootball.net
{{Navboxes|title=Nigeria squads|bg=#008751|fg=white|bordercolor=#00703C|list={{Nigeria squad 1988 African Cup of Nations}}
{{Nigeria football squad 1988 Summer Olympics}}}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Emmanuel Babayaro</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Chinemeremprince</username>
        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270151127|Emmanuel Babayaro]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637768</origin>
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'''Emmanuel Hyacinth Babayaro''' (amụrụ na 26 Disemba 1976) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onye nche goolu, a maara ya nke ọma dịka nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye egwuregwu Chelsea na Newcastle United bụ Celestine Babayaro.

Emmanuel bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti etiti dị ka nwatakịrị, mana nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Celestine ga-amanye ya igwu bọọlụ, na-akụ ya ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị. Ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ a ka a hụrụ ya.

Babayaro sokwa n'otu ndị mmeri ọla edo nke [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 1996 Olympics, otu akụkụ nke [[Celestine Babayaro|Celestine]] pụtara.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.nigerianplayers.com/player.asp?pID=195 NigerianPlayers.com profaịlụ]
{{Nigeria squad 1996 Olympics}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Seyi Olajengbesi</title>
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        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330255531|Seyi Olajengbesi]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Seyi Olajengbesi''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Seyi Olajengbesi.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 17 Nọvemba 1980 na [[Ibadan]]) bụ onye Naịjirịa bụbu ọkachamara n'ịgba bọọlụ nke gbara bọọlụ, onye gbara bọọlụ dịka onye nchekwa, onye nọrọ ọtụtụ ọrụ ya na Germany, na-agba bọọlụ maka Alemannia Aachen, SC Freiburg, na SV Sandhausen. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe1455/seyi-olajengbesi/|title=Seyi Olajengbesi|publisher=worldfootball.net|accessdate=19 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Seyi Olajengbesinaonye na-agba ọsọ  (n'asụsụ German) 
* Seyi Olajengbesina National-Football-Teams.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Olajengbesi, Seyi}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iyam Friday</title>
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        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270151739|Iyam Friday]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Iyam Friday'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sinitahdet.net/acoulu/pelaajat/iyam_friday/|title=Iyam Friday|work=sinitahdet.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407203249/http://www.sinitahdet.net/acoulu/pelaajat/iyam_friday/|archivedate=7 April 2016|language=fi|accessdate=9 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; (amụrụ na 1 Disemba 1989 na [[Kaduna]]) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa, onye na-agba bọọlụ ugbu a na FC Viikingit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.palloliitto.fi/uutiset/miesten-ykkonen/viikingit-kohtaa-lauantaina-fc-hongan|title=Viikingit kohtaa lauantaina FC Hongan|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424162025/https://www.palloliitto.fi/uutiset/miesten-ykkonen/viikingit-kohtaa-lauantaina-fc-hongan|archivedate=24 April 2014|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Emmanuel Ukpai</title>
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        <id>13026</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256732449|Emmanuel Ukpai]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Emmanuel Ukpai''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1987) bụ onye na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] na Naijiria.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Togo site n'aka Douane FC. Ọ sonyeere Boldklubben Frem na Jenụwarị 2006 wee gbaa egwuregwu mbụ ya na 14 Mee 2006 megide Lolland-Falster Alliancen.[1] Ọ hapụrụ Copenhagen mgbe ọnwa isii gachara wee kwaga Ølstykke FC site na klọb ahụ. Ọ gbara egwuregwu 46, na-enweta goolu 22. Mgbe e zigara ya na Esbjerg fB, ọ hapụrụ Ølstykke FC site na ọkwa Danish nke abụọ na Jenụwarị 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bold.dk/nyt/?vis=93611|title=Esbjerg forlænger med Emmanuel Ukpai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Bob Osim</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311413559|Bob Osim]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Bob Osim''', nke e dekwara dị ka ''Bob Usim'', (amụrụ na 15 Julaị 1980, na Lagos, Naijiria) Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa. Ọ na-azụzi Calabar Rovers n'ọkwa nke abụọ nke Naịjirịa National League.

== Ọrụ ==
Osim hapụrụ oge 2007 na Heartland n'ihi mmerụ ahụ siri ike tupu a bịanye aka na Rovers a kpọlitere n'ọnwụ maka oge 2008/09, otu ọ malitere ọrụ ya.

=== Àgwà ===
Ọnọdụ bụ isi nke Bob Osim bụ onye na-echebe etiti mana ọ ga-egwuri egwu n'azụ aka ekpe na aka nri.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Bob Osimna National-Football-Teams.com
* Usim A kpọrọ ya aha na ndị otu Naijiria - BBC Isiokwu
* Osim (Guardian, 1 Septemba 2008) kwuru na Rovers ga-alaghachi azụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sambo Choji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75786</id>
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      <id>637773</id>
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        <id>13026</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301095370|Sambo Choji]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Sambo Choji''' (amụrụ na 13 Machị 1977 na Benin City) Ọ bụ onye bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ na Naịjirịa. Choji bụ onye otu dị mkpa na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa nke ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa, ndị meriri asọmpi Fifa World Under-17 na 1993 na Tokyo, Japan. Ọ gbara egwuregwu niile n'akụkụ aka ekpe ka Naịjirịa meriri ndị nwere iko, Ghana, iji bụrụ onye mmeri nke ugboro abụọ. Ọ lara ezumike nka ugbu a ma bi n'obodo ya bụ Jos, na Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria ebe ọ na-azụlite nkà bọọlụ n'ọdịnihu.

Choji agbaala bọọlụ maka Plateau United fc nke Jos,[[1. FC Saarbrücken|FC Saarbrücken]]&quot;&gt;1.  FC Saarbrücken na Eintracht Braunschweig na German [[2. Bundesliga|Bundesliga]]&quot; id=&quot;mwFA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;2. Bundesliga&quot;&gt;2.  Bundesliga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/chojisambo|title=Sambo Choji|language=German|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=14 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Efik people</title>
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      <comment>Mbulukani Mulenga moved page [[Efik people]] to [[Ndị Efik]]: Page was title was not in Igbo (Aha ibe ahụ abụghị n'asụsụ Igbo)</comment>
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      <text bytes="22" sha1="c1lnke0xqyusziykswz2zn2w2x0rbsa" xml:space="preserve">#KÚFÙ [[Ndị Efik]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Peter Fregene</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344752877|Peter Fregene]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Reflist}}Peter &quot;'''Apu'''&quot; '''Fregene''', onye a makwaara dị ka The Flying Cat (17 Mee 1947 - 13 Ọktoba 2024) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
A mụrụ ya na [[Sapele, Nigeria|Sapele]], Fregene gbara bọọlụ klọb maka ndị na-asọmpi Lagos [[NEPA Lagos F.C.|ECN]] na Stationery Stores F.C. n'oge ọrụ nke gafere afọ 1960, 1970 na ECN nke e mechara mara dị ka NEPA, Lagos n'etiti afọ 1978 na 1982. Akpọtara ya na otu mba n'afọ 1982 Nations'Cup na Libya. O jiri ma ECN na ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ahịa merie iko FA Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=Storm 360 Limited|title=The Federation Cup and Nigerian Football|author=Keazor, Ed Emeka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1yVmBN7q30C&amp;q=fregene+stationery+stores&amp;pg=PT216|year=2012|isbn=9781467543217}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Super Sport|author=Odegbami, Segun|title=50 greatest footballers in 50 years of Nigerian football|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria50/news/101008/50_greatest_footballers_in_50_years_of_Nigerian_Football|date=8 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Fregene bụ onye na-eche nche nke mbụ maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa site n'afọ 1968 ruo 1971, tupu e cheta ya maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Orumen, Dudu|title=Where have super goalkeepers gone?|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=19651|date=19 May 2007|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjirịa na 1968 Summer Olympics na Mexico City . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Goal.com|author=Audu, Samm|title=Nigeria Legend Peter Fregene To Walk Again After Spinal Cord Op|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/89/africa/2009/06/06/1309696/nigeria-legend-peter-fregene-to-walk-again-after-spinal-cord|date=6 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Fregene nwụrụ na 13 n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ Iri asaa na asaa(77). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Apanpa|first=Olaniyi|title=JUST IN: Ex-Green Eagles goalkeeper, Peter Fregene, dies at 77|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-ex-green-eagles-goalkeeper-peter-fregene-dies-at-77/|accessdate=16 October 2024|date=14 October 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Peter Fregene-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418072646/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fr/peter-fregene-1.html Akụkọ ndụ] na Sports-reference.com
* Peter Fregene at Olympedia 
{{Nigeria football squad 1968 Summer Olympics}} </text>
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    <title>Kingsley Obiekwu</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291593354|Kingsley Obiekwu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kingsley Obiekwu''' (amụrụ na 12 n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1974) bụ [[Naijiria|Onye]] [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na-agba bọọlụ lara ezumike nká nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere. Ọ nọchitere anya Naijiria na mba ụwa ma bụrụ onye otu ndị otu nke meriri nrite ọla edo na 1996 Olympics na [[Atlanta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/14759.html|title=Kingsley Obiekwu|work=National-Football-Teams.com|accessdate=5 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zụrụ Ingas F.C. nke Enugu, Naijiria, n'agbata afọ 2009 n'afọ 2013, ka ya na ndị Benin, USS Kraké nọrọ obere oge. 

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}{{Nigeria squad 1996 Olympics}}


[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Simon '''Ogar''' Veron''' ma ọ bụ naanị Ogar (amụrụ n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1987) bụ onye ọkacha mara Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]].

== Ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
Mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu ndị ntorobịa Naijiria na asọmpi enyi na enyi na Sweden na 2004, Ogar hapụrụ otu ahụ wee kwaga Norway n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na-achọ ebe mgbaba n'ebe ahụ. N'afọ 2004 na 2005 ọ gbara bọọlụ maka klọb ndị dị ala na Norway Sandnessjøen na Stålkameratene, mgbe ọ bi n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. Na ngwụcha afọ 2005, ọ nọ na ikpe na klọb dị elu Bodø / Glimt. Klọb ahụ nwere mmasị ịbịanye aka na onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ,  mana n'ihi mgbagwoju anya na akwụkwọ metụtara Ogar rịọrọ maka obibi na Norway, nkwekọrịta ahụ kwụsịrị ma onye ọkpịsị ya laghachiri Naijiria. 

N'afọ 2008, Ogar kwagara Belarus, ebe ọ na-ebi ma na-egwuri egwu kemgbe ahụ.

Na 6 n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2020, BFF machibidoro Ogar iwu bọọlụ Belarus afọ abụọ maka itinye aka na ndozi egwuregwu..&lt;ref&gt;[https://by.tribuna.com/football/1087673816/ Огар, Богунов и еще 7 футболистов дисквалифицированы на 2 года за участие в договорных матчах и другие решения ДК АБФФ {{in lang|ru}}]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mba Nile ===
Ogar nọ n'oge ya na Norway, onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Simon Ogar Veronn'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Simon Ogar Veronna FootballFacts.ru (n'asụsụ Russian)  
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    <title>Samuel Opone</title>
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'''Samuel Opone''' (13 n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1942 - Novemba afọ 2000) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ. O sonyere na asọmpi ụmụ nwoke na 1968 Summer Olympics . 

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Nigeria football squad 1968 Summer Olympics}} </text>
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    <title>Sarah Kofman</title>
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'''Sarah Kofman''' (14 Septemba 1934 &amp;#x2013; 15 Ọktoba 1994) bụ onye [[Ákọ na Uche|ọkà ihe ọmụma]] French.

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
Kofman malitere ọrụ nkuzi ya na Toulouse n'afọ 1960 na [[Lycée Saint-Sernin]], ma soro Jean Hyppolite na Gilles Deleuze rụọ ọrụ. Akwụkwọ edemede mbụ ya a hapụrụ ( ''{{Lang|fr|thèse principale}}'' ) maka doctorate ya nke steeti, nke e mechara bipụta dị ka ''{{Lang|fr|Nietzsche et la métaphore}}'', bụ Deleuze na-elekọta ya. Na 1969 Kofman zutere Jacques Derrida wee malite ịga nzukọ ọmụmụ ya na École Normale Supérieure.

Kofman enwetaghị ọrụ ruo n'afo 1991, mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ oche na Paris I.

Kofman bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ufọdụ gbasara Friedrich Nietzsche na Sigmund Freud. Akwụkwọ ya, {{Lang|fr|L'énigme de la femme: La femme dans les textes de Freud}} (1980), nwere ike ịbụ otu n'ime nyocha kacha zuruoke banyere echiche Freud gbasara mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị.

== Ihe odide ==
N'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime edemede nkà ihe ọmụma ya lekwasịrị anya na Nietzsche na Freud, Kofman dere ọtụtụ ọrụ na vein autobiographical. ''{{Lang|fr|Paroles suffoquées}}'' (1987) bụ ncheta nna ya, onye rabaị Bereck Kofman, onye ọ hụrụ maka oge ikpeazụ na 16 Julaị 1942, onye e gburu na Auschwitz.

''Rue Ordener, rue Labat'' (1994) malitekwara site n'ịkọwa otu ndị uwe ojii France si wepụ nna ya, ma kọwaa ihe Kofman ghọtara na ọ bụ akara aka ya. Aha akwụkwọ a na-ezo aka n'okporo ámá abụọ nke Paris: adreesị ebe ezinụlọ ya bi ruo mgbe e jidere nna ya; na adreesị ebe e zoro ya maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge agha ahụ fọdụrụ. Otu nwanyị gbara alụkwaghịm na Paris bụ onye ghọrọ nne ya nke ọ na-anọchi anya ya, onye ọ kpọrọ Mémé, nabatara Kofman. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ akụkọ banyere oge a, na esemokwu nlekọta dị n'etiti Mémé na nne Kofman mgbe a tọhapụrụ Paris 

== Ọnwụ ==
Kofman gburu onwe ya n'afọ 1994. Onye ya na ya biri afọ 25, Alexandre Kyritsos, nwụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Feyertag|first=Karoline|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.26530/oapen_497777|title=Sarah Kofman : Eine Biographie|date=2014|publisher=Turia und Kant|isbn=978-3-85132-727-4|pages=294–5|doi=10.26530/oapen_497777}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ ndị edemede ahụla na ọ nwụrụ site n'igbu onwe ya n'ụbọchị Nietzsche mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ afọ 150 dị mkpa. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Jacques Derrida dere ihe ndị a:
 

== Ndekọ Akwụkwọ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* ''L'enfance de l'art: Une interprétation de l'esthétique freudienne'' (1970). '''Trans.:''' ''Ụmụaka nke Art: Nkọwa nke Freud's [[Aesthetics]]'' (1988).
* ''Nietzsche et la métaphore'' (1972). '''Trans.:''' ''Nietzsche na Metaphor'' (1993).
* ''Igwefoto obscura: De l'idéologie'' (1973). '''Trans.:''' ''Igwefoto Obscura: Nke Ideology'' (1998).
* ''Quatre Romans Analytiques'' (1974). '''Trans.:''' ''Freud na akụkọ ifo'' (1991).
* ''Akụkọ gbasara onwe onye'' (1976).
* ''Aberrations: Le devenir-femme d' Auguste Comte'' (1978).
* ''Nerval : Le charme de la répétition'' (1979).
* ''Nietzsche et la scène philosophique'' (1979).
* ''L'énigme de la femme: La femme dans les textes de Freud'' (1980). '''Trans.:''' ''The Enigma nke Nwanyị: Nwanyị na Freud's Writings'' (1985).
* ''Le respect des femmes ( Kant et Rousseau )'' (1982).
* ''Gịnị ka okwu gị pụtara?'' (1983).
* ''Un métier agaghị ekwe omume: Lecture de &quot;Constructions en analyse&quot;'' (1983).
* ''Nkuzi nke Derrida'' (1984).
* ''Mélancholie de l'art'' (1985).
* ''Pourquoi rit-on? Freud et le mot d'esprit'' (1986).
* ''Paroles suffoquées'' (1987). '''Trans.:''' ''Okwu Smothered'' (1998).
* ''Ntụgharị:'' Le Marchand de Venise ''sous le signe de Saturne'' (1987).
* ''Socrates'' (1989). '''Trans.:''' ''Socrates : Akụkọ Ifo nke Onye Ọkà Ihe Ọmụma'' (1998).
* ''Ihe omume: De [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]] à Héraclite'' (1990).
* ''Don Juan ou le refus de la dette'' (1991).
* ''&quot;Il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte&quot;: Freud et la spéculation'' (1991).
* ''Mgbawa I: De l'&quot;Ecce Homo&quot; de Nietzsche'' (1992).
* ''Mgbawa nke Abụọ: Les enfants de Nietzsche'' (1993).
* ''Le mépris des Juifs: Nietzsche, les Juifs, l'antisémitisme'' (1994).
* ''Rue Ordener, rue Labat'' (1994). '''Trans.:''' ''Rue Ordener, Rue Labat'' (1996).
* ''L'imposture de la beauté et autres ederede'' (1995).
* ''Ihe Ndị A Họọrọ'' (2007). Thomas Albrecht, Georgia Albert na Elizabeth G. Rottenberg deziri ya; okwu mmalite nke Jacques Derrida.

=== Edemede ===
'''Rịba ama:''' ndepụta a anaghị agụnye akụkụ ufọdụ nke akwụkwọ ebe e mechara bipụta nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ ahụ dum.

* &quot;Ọ dịghị Longer Full-Fledged ''Autobiogriffies'',&quot; ''SubStance'' 29 (1981): 3-22. '''Site na:''' Autobiogriffures (1976).
* &quot;Sartre: Fort! Ou Da?&quot;, Diacritics 14, 4 (1984): 9-18.
* &quot;Nri a na-eri n'ala, ''SubStance'' 49 (1986): 8-9.
* &quot;Ili maka Aha Ezi,&quot; ''SubStance'' 49 (1986): 9-10.
* &quot;Nightmare: Na Margins of Medieval Studies,&quot; ''SubStance'' 49 (1986): 10-13. '''Site na:''' ''Olee otú ị ga-esi gbapụ?'' (1983).
* &quot;Prometheus, onye ọkà ihe ọmụma mbụ,&quot; ''SubStance'' 50 (1986): 26-35. '''Site na:''' ''Olee otú ị ga-esi gbapụ?'' (1983).
* &quot;Nietzsche na Ọchịchịrị nke Heraclitus,&quot; Diacritics 17, 3 (1987): 39-55. '''Site na:''' Seductions: De Sartre à Héraclite (1990).
* &quot;Baubô: Theological Perversion and Fetishism,&quot; na Michael Allen Gillespie &amp; Tracy B. Strong, Nietzsche's New Seas: Explorations in Philosophy, Aesthetics, and Politics (Chicago &amp; London: University of Chicago Press, 1988). '''Site na:''' ''Nietzsche na ihe nkiri nkà ihe ọmụma'' (1979).
* &quot;Beyond Aporia?&quot;, na Andrew Benjamin (ed.), ''Post-structuralist Classics'' (London &amp; New York: Routledge, 1988). '''Site na:''' ''Olee otú ị ga-esi gbapụ?'' (1983).
* &quot;'Ça cloche',&quot; na Hugh J. Silverman (ed.), Derrida and Deconstruction (New York &amp; London: Routledge, 1989). '''Site na:''' Lectures de Derrida (1984). E nyere ya na 1980 Cerisy colloquy, &quot;Les fins de l'homme&quot;.
* &quot;Ntụgharị: Onye ahịa Venice n'okpuru akara nke Saturn,&quot; na [[Peter Collier (professor)|Peter Collier]] &amp; Helga Geyer-Ryan (ed.), Literary Theory Today (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990). '''Site na:''' Ntughari: ''Onye Ahịa nke Venice'' ''N'okpuru akara Saturn'' (1987).
* &quot;Metaphoric Architectures,&quot; na Laurence A. Rickels (ed.), Looking After Nietzsche (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990).
* &quot;Descartes Entrapped,&quot; na Eduardo Cadava, Peter Connor, &amp; Jean-Luc Nancy, Who Comes After the Subject?  (New York &amp; London: Routledge, 1991). '''Site na:''' ''Nietzsche na ihe nkiri nkà ihe ọmụma'' (1979).
* &quot;Rousseau's Phallocratic Ends,&quot; na Bartky, Sandra Lee; Fraser, Nancy (1992). &lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBartkyFraser1992&quot;&gt;Revaluing French femism: edemede nkatọ banyere ọdịiche, ụlọ ọrụ, na ọdịbendị. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. [[ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780253206824|&lt;bdi&gt;9780253206824&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&amp;nbsp;&lt;/cite&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bartky|first=Sandra Lee|title=Revaluing French feminism: critical essays on difference, agency, and culture|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|year=1992|isbn=9780253206824|url=https://archive.org/details/revaluingfrenchf0000unse}}
* &quot;Explosion I: Of Nietzsche's ''Ecce Homo'',&quot; Diacritics 24, 4 (1994): 50-70. '''Site na:''' Explosion I: De l'&quot;Ecce Homo&quot; nke Nietzsche (1992).
* &quot;A Fantastical Genealogy: Nietzsche's Family Romance,&quot; na Peter J. Burgard (ed.), Nietzsche and the Feminine (Charlottesville &amp; London: University Press of Virginia, 1994). '''Site na:''' Explosion I: De l'&quot;Ecce Homo&quot; nke Nietzsche (1992).
* &quot;'Ọ bụ naanị Nzọụkwụ Mbụ nke Na-efu',&quot; na Sonu Shamdasani &amp; Michael Münchow (ed.), Speculations After Freud: Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, Culture (London &amp; New York: Routledge, 1994). From: ''&quot;Ọ bụ naanị nzọụkwụ mbụ na-efu&quot;: Freud na ịkọ nkọ'' (1991).
* &quot;Wagner's Ascetic Ideal According to Nietzsche,&quot; na Richard Schacht (ed.), Nietzsche's, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche-s Genealogy of Morals (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
* &quot;The Psychologist of the Eternal Feminine (Ihe mere m ji dee akwụkwọ dị mma, 5), ''Yale French Studies'' 87 (1995): 173-89. '''Site na:''' Explosion II: Ụmụ Nietzsche (1993).
* &quot;Accessories (''Ecce Homo'', 'Ihe mere m ji dee akwụkwọ dị mma,' 'The Untimelies,' 3),&quot; na Peter R. Sedgwick (ed.), Nietzsche: A Critical Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995). '''Site na:''' Explosion II: Ụmụ Nietzsche (1993).
* &quot;The Economy of Respect: Kant and Respect for Women,&quot; na Robin May Schott (ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Immanuel Kant (University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997). '''Site na:''' Nkwanyere ụmụ nwanyị ùgwù (Kant na Rousseau) (1982).
* &quot;The Imposture of Beauty: The Uncanniness of Oscar Wilde's Picture of Dorian Gray,&quot; na Penelope Deutscher &amp; Kelly Oliver (ed.), Enigmas: Essays on Sarah Kofman (Ithaca &amp; London: Cornell University Press, 1999). '''Site na:''' L'imposture de la beauté na ederede ndị ọzọ (1995).

=== Ajụjụ ọnụ ===

* &quot;Sarah Kofman,&quot; ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Alice Jardine, na Alice Jardine &amp; Anne M. Menke (ndị nchịkọta akụkọ), ''Shifting Scenes: Ajụjụ ọnụ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, ide ihe, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na France mgbe afọ 68 gasịrị'' (New York na Oxford: Columbia University Press, 1991).
* &quot;Ide ihe n'enweghị ike: Mkparịta ụka ya na Sarah Kofman,&quot; ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Ursula Konnertz, ''Nyocha Nkà Ihe Ọmụma Ụmụ Nwanyị'' (Juun 1995): 5–8.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-eche echiche nke mmebi iwu metụtara

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    <title>Greta Knutson</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352729909|Greta Knutson]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Greta Knutson''', nke a makwaara dịka '''Greta Knutson-Tzara''' (1899–1983), bụ onye Sweden na-ese ihe onyonyo, onye na-akatọ nka, onye edemede akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, na onye na-ede uri. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke André Lhote ma nabatakwa ụdị nka dịka Abstraction, Cubism na Surrealism, a makwaara ya maka mmasị ya na phenomenology . Knutson lụrụ onye edemede a mụrụ na Romania na onye guzobere Dadaism Tristan Tzara, mana ha mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm.

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Greta Knutson na [[Stockholm]], ọ bụkwa onye Sweden na- ese ihe, onye na-akatọ ihe osise, onye na-ede uri, na onye edemede. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya na 1899 ma na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ mba ọzọ nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/|title=Knutson-Tzara, Greta|work=Nordic Women's Literature|language=en-GB|accessdate=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara Carl Wilhelmson Academy of Fine Arts ruo otu afọ,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Kungliga Konsthögskolan, wee biri na Paris, [[France]] na mmalite afọ 1920. Ọ bụ ebe ahụ ka ọ malitere ịgagharị na studio Andre Lhote wee bụrụ onye na-eso ụzọ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;prsurrgk&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ kwagara Paris, ọnụnọ ya ghọrọ nke na-adịgide adịgide, ọ na-alaghachi Sweden naanị mgbe ụfọdụ. Ọ nwere mmasị na Cubism, Surrealism, na Abstraction dị ka echiche nka.&lt;ref name=&quot;icrmadame&quot;&gt;{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.icr.ro/filiale/evenimente_a.php?cod=279&amp;cod_filiala=28 ''Madame Tzara? Greta Knutson şi Tristan Tzara'' (October 3, 2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180740/http://www.icr.ro/filiale/evenimente_a.php?cod=279&amp;cod_filiala=28|date=3 March 2016}}, at the [[Romanian Cultural Institute]] in Stockholm; retrieved 2 May 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwere mmasị na mgbanwe nke nka site n'ụwa dị adị gbara anyị gburugburu gaa n'ụwa dị egwu nke amaghị ihe. Ọ bụkwa na Frans ka Knutson zutere Tzara, akụkọ kwuru na ọ bụ na 1924. Ọ lụrụ ya na 8 Ọgọst 1925. Di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ nwa nwoke, Christophe, amụrụ na 15 Maachị 1927, na Neuilly-sur-Seine.&lt;ref name=&quot;jycmelusine&quot; /&gt;

Na 1925, Knutson ketara nnukwu akụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cooke|first=Rachel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ego sitere n'ihe nketa ya, Tzara wuru ebe obibi ezinụlọ na Montmartre, nke e nyere ọrụ dịka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Adolf Loos (onye bụbu onye otu Modernist Movement na Vienna). Ụlọ ahụ ghọrọ ebe ọha na eze maka ndị Surrealist ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Piette 136–142&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Piette|first=Adam|date=March 2006|title=The Yale Anthology of Twentieth-Century French Poetry, edited by Mary Ann Caws|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2006.0012|journal=Translation and Literature|volume=15|issue=1|pages=136–142|doi=10.3366/tal.2006.0012|issn=0968-1361}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gbanwere akụkụ ụfọdụ ihe owuwu ahụ iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ nke ya dabara, nke Loos wepụrụ na imewe mbụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jycmelusine&quot; /&gt;

Knutson nakweere Surrealism n'afọ 1930. Ma, ya na Tristan Tzara kewara na 1937 (a kpọrọ ha ka ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 25 Ọktoba 1942). N'oge agha ahụ, Knutson na onye France na-ede uri na onye ndu mmegide bụ René Char nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/|title=Knutson-Tzara, Greta|work=Nordic Women's Literature|language=en-GB|accessdate=4 March 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/ &quot;Knutson-Tzara, Greta&quot;]. ''Nordic Women's Literature''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 March&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Knutson sere ọtụtụ foto Char.&lt;ref name=&quot;Piette 136–142&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Piette|first=Adam|date=March 2006|title=The Yale Anthology of Twentieth-Century French Poetry, edited by Mary Ann Caws|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2006.0012|journal=Translation and Literature|volume=15|issue=1|pages=136–142|doi=10.3366/tal.2006.0012|issn=0968-1361}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPiette2006&quot;&gt;Piette, Adam (March 2006). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-subscription&quot; title=&quot;Paid subscription required&quot;&gt;[https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2006.0012 &quot;The Yale Anthology of Twentieth-Century French Poetry, edited by Mary Ann Caws&quot;]&lt;/span&gt;. ''Translation and Literature''. '''15''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;136–&lt;/span&gt;142. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.3366/tal.2006.0012|10.3366/tal.2006.0012]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0968-1361 0968-1361].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbapụrụkwa Surrealism, na-achọ mmasị ya na Phenomenology (nkà ihe ọmụma), ọkachasị na ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma Edmund Husserl&lt;ref name=&quot;prsurrgk&quot; /&gt; na Martin Heidegger.&lt;ref name=&quot;leclair&quot; /&gt; N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1930, o sere foto nke onye na-akpụ ihe na Switzerland bụ Alberto Giacometti; o mechara kọọ na onye nlereanya ya kwetara na ihe o ji mee ihe n'ihe osise Afrịka, ọ bụ ezie na ndị nkatọ na-ekwu maka ya, bụ naanị ihe dakọtara, ma nwee njikọ na eziokwu ahụ bụ na primitivism dị n'ụdị ejiji.

Knutson bụ onye edemede na-arụpụta ihe, na-ebipụta edemede nke nkatọ nka, na, naanị mgbe ụfọdụ, uri. O dere n'asụsụ Swedish na French.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/|title=Knutson-Tzara, Greta|work=Nordic Women's Literature|language=en-GB|accessdate=4 March 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/ &quot;Knutson-Tzara, Greta&quot;]. ''Nordic Women's Literature''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 March&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ dị obere, o dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ uri prose. Ya na onye na-ede uri Gunnar Ekelöf, ọ sụgharịrị akwụkwọ edemede Swedish gaa na [[Asụsụ French|French]],&lt;ref name=&quot;icrmadame&quot; /&gt; mana edebeghị uri nke ya dịka akwụkwọ n'oge ndụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;prsurrgk&quot; /&gt; &quot;Akụkọ nke ụzọ dị n'akụkụ ugwu/Ọ ga-abụ ụzọ nke na-ara nkume ọkọlọtọ/Ọ ga-ebuli aka ya gaa n'ebe ígwè/Ụzọ ga-eru ebe obibi nke ndị a na-achụ/abalị bịara n'ụtụtụ gara/n'ebe ìgwè atụrụ dị nwayọọ na ụgbọ mmiri na-ehi ụra/n'akụkụ ụlọ nsọ nke osimiri.&quot;, ihe e dere n'uri ya, nke e si na French sụgharịa, nke dị na mbụ na Le Surrealisme ASDLR.&lt;ref name=&quot;prsurrgk&quot; /&gt; O nwekwara ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nka naanị ya, ọkachasị otu na Paris na 1929 na otu na Stockholm na 1932.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Greta Knutson gburu onwe ya na Paris n'afọ 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/|title=Knutson-Tzara, Greta|work=Nordic Women's Literature|language=en-GB|accessdate=4 March 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/knutson-tzara-greta/ &quot;Knutson-Tzara, Greta&quot;]. ''Nordic Women's Literature''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 March&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
Onye na-ede uri bụ́ Lasse Söderberg sụgharịrị uri Greta Knutson nke asụsụ French gaa na Swedish, ya na di ya sokwa mụọ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nka bụ́ Cecilia Sjöholm mere. Söderberg, Sjöholm, onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ́ Christian Fex na onye edemede bụ́ Jonas Ellerström sonyere na ihe omume ''Madame Tzara?,'' nke e mere na Romanian Cultural Institute na Stockholm n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;icrmadame&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Venus Khoury-Ghata</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343015951|Vénus Khoury-Ghata]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Vénus Khoury-Ghata''' (23 Disemba 1937 – 28 Jenụwarị 2026) bụ onye na-ede uri na onye edemede French-Lebanọn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lebanon.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=473&amp;x=1|title=Poetry International Web - Vénus Khoury-Ghata|accessdate=2010-12-30|archivedate=2011-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819224246/http://lebanon.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=473}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Vénus Khoury-Ghata n'ezinụlọ Maronite, ada onye soja na-asụ French na nne onye ọrụ ugbo. Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke onye edemede bụ May Menassa. Na 1959, ọ meriri Miss Beirut Pageant.

Ọ kwagara France ịgbanahụ agha Lebanon wee lụọ dọkịta French-Turkey bụ Jean Ghata, nwa Rikkat Kunt, onye na-enye ọkụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Turkey (ọ ''bụghị'' onye na-ede akwụkwọ edemede, dịka nwa ya nwanyị si kwuo) na di ya nke abụọ, Fahreddin Ghata (a mụrụ Çağatay). O bi na Paris site na 1972 ma bipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na nchịkọta uri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www3.wooster.edu/artfuldodge/introductions/4445/hacker.htm|title=Artful Dodge - Making Introductions - Marilyn Hacker and Venus Khoury-Ghata|accessdate=2010-12-30|archivedate=2011-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024185144/http://www3.wooster.edu/artfuldodge/introductions/4445/hacker.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwa ya nwanyị bụ [[:fr:Yasmine Ghata|Yasmine Ghata]] bụkwa onye edemede a ma ama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-04|title=Littérature. Rencontre avec Vénus Khoury-Ghata|url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/cotes-darmor/dinard/litterature-rencontre-avec-venus-khoury-ghata-04-03-2015-10545049.php|accessdate=2020-10-26|work=Le Telegramme|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=la Meslée|first=Valérie Marin|date=2012-01-10|title=Vénus est son prénom|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/livres/venus-est-son-prenom-10-01-2012-1417343_37.php|accessdate=2020-10-26|work=Le Point|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Vénus Khoury-Ghata malitere ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na L'École Supérieure Des Lettres de Beirut. O bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na 1966 na 1967&quot; ''Terres Stagnantes&quot;'', &quot;''Chez Seghers''&quot;, na 1971, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, &quot; ''Les Inadaptés'' &quot;.

Na 2009, o nwetara [[:fr:Grand prix de poésie de l'Académie française|Grand Prix de Poésie]] nke French Academy na [[:fr:Prix Goncourt de la poésie|Goncourt Prize for Poetry]] na 2011.

Na 2018, ọ ghọrọ onye otu Palịament nke ndị edemede na-asụ French yana ọtụtụ ndị edemede, gụnyere Sedef Ecer, Paula Jacques na [[Khadi Hane]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lepais|first=Anne|date=2018-09-21|title=La ville d'Orléans accueille le parlement des écrivaines francophones|url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/parlement-ecrivaines-francophones-1539588.html|language=fr|work=France 3 Centre Val de Loire|accessdate=2022-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Khoury-Ghata nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 28, 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ 88.

== Ihe nrite nke akwụkwọ ==

* Ihe nrite Guillaume Apollinaire maka ''onyinyo na mkpu ákwá ha'' (1980)
* Ihe nrite Mallarmé maka ''Monologue du mort'' (1987)
* Ihe nrite Jules-Supervielle maka ''Nchịkọta Onwe Onye''
* [[:fr:Prix Nice-Baie-des-Anges|Prix Nice-Baie-des-Anges]] maka ''Le Moine, l'ottoman na nwunye nke nnukwu onye na-echekwa ego''
* Ihe nrite ukwu nke SGDL maka uri (1993) maka ọrụ ya niile
* [[:fr:prix Jules-Janin|Ihe nrite Jules-Janin]] nke French Academy (2005)
* [[:fr:Grand prix de poésie de l'Académie française|Nnukwu Ihe Nrite Maka Abụ nke French Academy]] (2009)
* Ihe nrite ukwu nke Guillevic maka uri nke Saint-Malo (2010)
* Ihe nrite Goncourt maka uri maka ọrụ ya (2011)
* [[:fr:Prix de poésie Pierrette-Micheloud|Onyinye Uri Pierrette-Micheloud]] maka ''Ebee ka osisi na-aga?'' (2012)
* Ihe nrite Renaudot Pocket Book maka ''onye a na-alụ di nọ n'azụ ịnyịnya ibu'' (2015)
* Ihe nrite Geneviève Moll maka ''Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ nke Mandelstam'' (2017)

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Nnukwu Onye Ọrụ nke Iwu Mba nke Merit (2023)
* Onyeisi nke Order of Arts and Letters (2022)
* Knight nke Legion of Honor (15 Disemba 2000)
* Onye isi nke Legion of Honor (13 Julaị 2010)
* Onyeisi nke Legion of Honor (13 Juun 2017)

== Ọrụ ==

* ''Les visages inachevés'', (''ihu na-agwụchabeghị'') 1966
* ''Les inadaptés'', akwụkwọ akụkọ (''The Maladjusted ones'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Le Rocher, 1971
* ''Au Sud du silence'', (''South of Silence'') uri, Saint Germain des Prés, 1975
* ''Terres stagnantes'', (''Stagnant Lands'') uri, Seghers
* ''Dialogue à propos d'un Christ ou d'un acrobate'', (''Dialogue about a Christ or an acrobat'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Les Editeurs Français Réunis, 1975
* ''Alma, cousue main ou Le Voyage immobile'', (''Alma, Sewed Hand or the Immobile Trip'') R. Deforges, 1977
* ''Les ombres et leurs cris'', (''Shadows'' and their Screams) uri, Belfond, 1979
* ''Qui parle au nom du jasmin?'', (''Ònye Na-ekwu Okwu n'Aha Jasmine?'') Les Editeurs Français Réunis, 1980
* ''Le fils empaillé'', (''The Stupid Son'') Belfond, 1980
* ''Un faux pas du soleil'', (''Sun Mistake'') uri, Belfond, 1982
* ''Vacarme pour une lune morte'', (''Muddle for a Dead Moon'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Flammarion, 1983
* ''Les morts n'ont pas d'ombre'', (''Words Have No Shadows'') novela Flammarion, 1984
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Mortemaison'', (''Deathhouse''), Flammarion, 1986
* ''Monologue du Mort'', (''Monologue of a Dead Man'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Belfond, 1986
* ''Leçon d'arithmétique au grillon'', (''Ihe ọmụmụ gbasara Arithmetic maka Cricket'') abụ maka ụmụaka, Milan, 1987
* ''Bayarmine'', akwụkwọ akụkọ, Flammarion, 1988
* ''Les fugues d'Olympia'', (''Escapes from Olumpus'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Régine Deforges/Ramsay, 1989
* ''Akụkọ ifo na-awụ'' ''un peuple d''' argile, Un lieu sous la voûte, ''Sommeil blanc'', (Fables for Clay People, ''A Place under the'' ''Vault,'' ''White'' Dream) poems, Belfond, 1992
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''La maîtresse du notable'' (''Iwu nke Nwoke Dị Ebube''), Seghers, 1992
* ''Ils'', (''Ha'') abụ, Amis du musée d'art moderne, 1993
* ''Les fiancés du Cap-Ténès'', (''Cap-Ténès' Fiancés'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Lattès, Lattès 1995
* ''Anthologie personnelle'', (''Personal Anthology'') abụ, Actes Sud, 1997
* ''Une maison au bord des larmes'', (''A House at the Tearside'') akwụkwọ akụkọ, Balland, 1998
* ''La maestra'', (''Onye Nkụzi'') 1996, nchịkọta Babel, 2001
* ''Elle dit, Les sept brins de chèvrefeuille de la sagesse'', (''Ọ na-ekwu, asaa Blades of Wisdom Honeysuckle'') uri, Balland, 1999
* ''La voix des arbres'', (''Voice of Trees'') abụ maka ụmụaka Cherche-Midi, 1999
* ''Alphabets de sable'', (''and Alphabets'') abụ, nke Matta gosipụtara, tirage limité, Maeght, 2000
* ''Le Fleuve'', ''Du seul fait d'exister'', (''The River'', ''The Simple Fact of Existing'') na Paul Chanel Malenfant, Trait d'Union, 2000.
* ''Version des oiseaux'', (''Bird Version'') abụ, nke Velikovic gosipụtara, François Jannaud, 2000
* ''Privilège des morts'', (''privilege of Dead'' ) akwụkwọ akụkọ, Balland, 2001
* ''Ọmịiko des pierres'', (''Ọmịiko nke Nkume'') abụ, La Différence, 2001
* ''Zarifé la folle'', (''Mad Zarifé'' ) François Jannaud, 2001
* Le ''Moine, l'ottoman et la femme'' ''du'' grand argentier, (''The Monk, The Ottoman Man'' and The Eminent Algerian's Wife) akwụkwọ akụkọ, Actes Sud, 2003
* ''Quelle est la nuit parmi les nuits'', (''Nke bụ abalị nke abalị'') Mercure de France, 2004
* ''Poèmes isii nomades'', (''Poemas isii Nomad'') nwere Diane de Bournazel, Al Manar, 2005
* ''La Maison aux orties'', (''Ụlọ Nettle'') Actes Sud, 2006
* ''Sept pierres pour la femme adultère'', (''Nkume asaa maka ụmụ nwanyị na-akwa iko'') roman, Mercure de France, 2007

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'''Marie-Christine Kessler''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke France. Ọ bụ ugbu a onye nduzi nyocha emerita na French National Centre for Scientific Research, ma ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ nke ọrụ ya na Mahadum Paris II Panthéon-Assas. Ọ na-amụ ọrụ nke ndị isi n'ịkpụzi amụma ọha na eze, yana amụma mba ofesi nke France.

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
Kessler gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Instituts d'études politiques dị na Paris, ọkachamara n'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ọrụ ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;asso&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.sciences-po.asso.fr/profil/mariechristine.kessler62_1|publisher=Sciences Po|title=Marie-Christine Kessler|accessdate=13 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara nweta akara ugo mmụta Dọkịta nke Iwu na 1967,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|language=fr|title=Le Conseil d'État, thèse de doctorat en droit|location=Paris|publisher=université de Paris|year=1967}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 1983 o nwetara PhD na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;asso&quot; /&gt;

Kessler ji ọtụtụ ọrụ ya dịka onye nchọpụta na soshal midia ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na sayensị nchịkwa na Mahadum Paris nke Abụọ Panthéon-Assas.&lt;ref name=&quot;cersa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=KESSLER Marie-Christine {{!}} CERSA|url=http://cersa.cnrs.fr/kessler-marie-christine-2/|publisher=centre d'études et de recherches de science administrative|language=fr|accessdate=13 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na isi okwu nke ihe omume ọha na eze, ọkachasị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị isi na amụma ọha. O lere anya na isiokwu ndị a n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ''Le Conseil d'État'' (The state council) na 1968&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kessler|first=Marie-Christine|year=1968|title=Le Conseil d'État|location=Paris|publisher=Presses de la Fondation nationale des Sciences politiques (Librairie Armand Colin)|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''Grands Corps de l'Etat'' (The Grand Corps of the State) na 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kessler|first=Marie-Christine|year=1986|title=Grands Corps de l'Etat|location=Paris|publisher=Presses universitaires de France|isbn=978-2-72460-540-2|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara bipụta akwụkwọ abụọ gbasara amụma mba ofesi nke France: ''La politique étrangère de la France.'' ''Acteurs et processus'' (Foreign Policy in France: Actors and process) na 1999,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Frédéric Charillon|title=La politique étrangère de la France. Acteurs et processus|journal=Cultures et Conflits|date=1 March 2000|doi=10.4000/conflits.318}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jean-Louis Quermonne|title=La politique étrangère de la France. Acteurs et processus|journal=Revue française de science politique|year=1999|volume=49|pages=723–725}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''Les Ambassadeurs'' (The ambassadeurs) na 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Denis Bauchard|title=Les ambassadeurs|journal=Politique étrangère|year=2012|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-etrangere-2012-4-page-906.htm|pages=906–909}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Christian Lequesne|title=Les ambassadeurs, de Marie-Christine Kessler|journal=Revue française de science politique|year=2013|volume=63|pages=737–739}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Maurice Vaïsse|title=Les ambassadeurs|journal=Revue d'histoire diplomatique|year=2014|pages=195–196}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ugbua, Kessler bụ onye nduzi nyocha emerita na French National Centre for Scientific Research ugbu a, nke jikọtara ya na Center for Studies and Research in Administrative Science ([[:fr:centre d'études et de recherches de science administrative|fr]]) ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cersa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=KESSLER Marie-Christine {{!}} CERSA|url=http://cersa.cnrs.fr/kessler-marie-christine-2/|publisher=centre d'études et de recherches de science administrative|language=fr|accessdate=13 February 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://cersa.cnrs.fr/kessler-marie-christine-2/ &quot;KESSLER Marie-Christine | CERSA&quot;] (in French). centre d'études et de recherches de science administrative&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1995 ruo 2000, ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii mba nke ngalaba 40 nke French National Centre for Scientific Research, ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche site na 2000 ruo 2004.

Kessler sokwa na ngalaba Omenala, Sayensị, na Nkà na ụzụ nke Ministry of Europe na Foreign Affairs nke France site na 1985 ruo 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Marie-Christine Kessler - Auteur - Ressources de la Bibliothèque nationale de France|language=fr|url=https://data.bnf.fr/12343952/marie-christine_kessler/|publisher=BnF Data|accessdate=13 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* ''Le Conseil d'État'' (1968)
* ''Grands Corps de l'Etat'' (1986)
* ''La politique étrangère de la France. Ndị ọrụ na usoro'' (1999)
* ''Ndị Nnọchiteanya Les'' (2012)

== Nsọpụrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* ''Chevalier'', Legion of Honor&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mairie09.paris.fr/actualites/conference-diplomatie-a-la-francaise-mardi-26-mars-a-19h-779|title=Conférence &quot;diplomatie a la Française&quot;|language=fr|publisher=Mairie du neuf Paris|date=26 March 2019|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Chevalier'', Iwu Mba nke Mba France

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'''Danièle Kergoat''' (amụrụ na 30 Juun 1942) bụ onye Franch na-arụ ọrụ n'ulo akwụkwọ mahadum na onye feminist sociology.&lt;ref name=&quot;erudit.org2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Charron|first=Hélène|title=Danièle Kergoat, Se battre, disent-elles…, Paris, La Dispute, 2012, 353 p.|url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/rf/2013-v26-n2-rf01178/1022781ar/|journal=Recherches Féministes|accessdate=29 April 2019|pages=200–204|language=fr|doi=10.7202/1022781ar|date=2013|volume=26|issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na okike na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mmekọahụ, ọrụ, mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ike ime ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trivium2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Danièle Kergoat – notice|url=https://journals.openedition.org/trivium/5081|journal=Trivium. Revue franco-allemande de sciences humaines et sociales - Deutsch-französische Zeitschrift für Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften|accessdate=29 April 2019|language=fr|date=10 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Danièle Kergoat na 30 Juun 1942.&lt;ref name=&quot;catalogue.bnf.fr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kergoat|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11909609s.public|work=catalogue.bnf.fr|accessdate=29 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọ malitere ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi. Na 1965, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchọpụta. Na 1971, ọ ghọrọ Onye Ọrụ Nnyocha Iwu, na Onye Nnyocha zuru oke na 1978. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ sonyeere &quot;Ebe Ọmụmụ Ihe Banyere Mmekọrịta Mmadụ na Ibe Ya&quot; (CES). Na 1984, ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke otu nyocha GEDISST, na 2007, aha ya gbanwere gaa na Onye Isi Nnyocha Emeritus na CNRS. Ọ bụ onye otu Centre de Recherches Sociologiques et Politiques de Paris GTM - CRESPPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trivium2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Danièle Kergoat – notice|url=https://journals.openedition.org/trivium/5081|journal=Trivium. Revue franco-allemande de sciences humaines et sociales - Deutsch-französische Zeitschrift für Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften|accessdate=29 April 2019|language=fr|date=10 March 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://journals.openedition.org/trivium/5081 &quot;Danièle Kergoat – notice&quot;]. ''Trivium. Revue franco-allemande de sciences humaines et sociales - Deutsch-französische Zeitschrift für Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften'' (in French). 10 March 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 April&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kergoat bụ prọfesọ, onye otu ebe nyocha RING, nakwa onye dere akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, okike na ọrụ. Nnyocha na ide ihe ya gụnyere &quot;nkewa mmekọahụ nke ọrụ&quot;, ma ọ bụ ọkachamara ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị dere akwụkwọ ahụ kwadoro echiche nke &quot;mmekọrịta mmekọahụ ọha na eze&quot;, nke na-achọ inye ihe ndabere maka ihe onwunwe iji nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na ọha mmadụ nke ndị isi obodo. O duziri akwụkwọ edemede doctorate nke Xavier Dunezat, ma sonyere n'ọtụtụ ndị juri na-enye Habilitation ikike iduzi nyocha gụnyere Frédéric Charles, Roland Pfefferkorn, na Christine Mennesson.

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* Les ouvrières, Paris, na Sycomore, 1982
* Les femmes et le travail à temps partiel, étude réalisée pour le Service des études et de la statistique du Ministère du travail, de l'emploi et de la formation professionnelle, Groupe d'étude sur la division sociale et sexuelle du travail, 1984
* &quot;Travail et na-emetụta. Les ressorts de la servitude domestique», 2002
* «Nkewa sexuelle du travail na rapports sociaux de sexe», 2000
* «Penser la différence des sexes: rapports sociaux et division du travail entre les sexes», 2005
* ya na Yvonne Guichard-Claudic (dir.), Inversion du genre: Corps au travail na travail des corps, 2007
* ya na Philippe Cardon et Roland Pfefferkorn (dir.), Chemins de l'émancipation na rapports sociaux de sexe, 2009
* Se battre, dissent-elles..., 2012
* Galerand Elsa et Danièle Kergoat,&quot;, 2014

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    <title>Monique Keraudren</title>
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'''Monique Keraudren-Aymonin''' (8 Disemba 1928 – 25 Mee 1981) bụ onye France na-amụ ihe gbasara osisi na yana onye na-ese ihe osise botanical na onye na-ese foto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Monique Keraudren—Aymonin (1928–1981)|journal=Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques|date=1982|issn=0181-1797|pages=77–84|volume=129|issue=1|doi=10.1080/01811797.1982.10824530|first=Guy|author=Deysson}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Monique Keraudren-Aymonin (1928-1981)|journal=Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle|volume=Section B, Adansonia, botanique, phytochimie|url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002679519#page/363/mode/2up|issue=4|pages=363–371|author=Leroy|first=Jean-François}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
Keraudren-Aymonin bụ nke atọ n'ime ụmụ isii Joseph Marie Keraudren na Rose Emilie Boëzennec mụrụ. Nna ya bụ onye nduzi nke ebe a na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo na Cameret na mbụ, mana mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị na 1937, ọ gbanwere gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi na Quimper na Brest. Keraudren nwere mmasị na geography, sayensị, egwu na nka site na nwata. Site na ndụmọdụ nwanne nna ya nwoke, prọfesọ canon na mgbakọ na mwepụ, Keraudren-Aymonin malitere ọmụmụ ihe ka elu, na-aga Mahadum Katọlik nke West na Angers wee gaa ngalaba sayensị nke Mahadum Rennes na Mahadum Paris-Sorbonne. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị asambodo asatọ, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'okpuru nlekọta nke Pierre Pruvost. Na 1955, Henri Humbert, onye bụ onyeisi nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na French National Museum of Natural History, nyere ya ọrụ na nyocha okooko osisi na ihe osise osisi. Humbert goro ya ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka na ngalaba ya n'otu afọ ahụ. Mgbe ọ nọsịrị n'ọrụ nyocha abụọ na [[Madagascar]] n'afọ 1960 na 1962, o nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na sayensị okike site na École Normale Supérieure na 1966 site na akwụkwọ edemede ''Researches sur les Cucurbitacées de Madagascar''. O mechara gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na Chair of Phanerogamy, na 1971 a họpụtara ya osote onye isi nke National Museum of Natural History of France, na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Monique Keraudren-Aymonin (1928-1981)|journal=Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle|volume=Section B, Adansonia, botanique, phytochimie|url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002679519#page/363/mode/2up|issue=4|pages=363–371|author=Leroy|first=Jean-François}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLeroy&quot;&gt;Leroy, Jean-François. [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002679519#page/363/mode/2up &quot;Monique Keraudren-Aymonin (1928-1981)&quot;]. ''Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle''. Section B, Adansonia, botanique, phytochimie (4): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;363–&lt;/span&gt;371.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1: long volume value]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ịmụ ihe gbasara osisi nke Madagascar na nke Comoros, karịsịa n'ezinụlọ osisi a na-akpọ Cucurbitaceae.[1]

Nnyocha Keraudren-Aymonin lekwasịrị anya na usoro, ọdịdị ala, bayoloji na gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi Malagasy. Ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ezinụlọ cucurbit nke agwaetiti ahụ (Cucurbitaceae), ma sorokwa ezinụlọ osisi ndị ọzọ dịka ezinụlọ Annonaceae na ezinụlọ Begoniaceae rụọ ọrụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Keraudren-Aymonin gụnyere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 100, gụnyere Le Carporama de LMA de Robillard d'Argentelle (1979, ya na onye na-ese ihe bụ Jacqueline Saussotte-Guérel) na ụdị wax nke mkpụrụ osisi Mauritian nke Louis Robillard d'Argentelle mere na narị afọ nke 19, Madagascar (Recherches suurques) et ụdị de succulence chez quelques végétaux des fourrés du sud-ouest de Madagascar (1966), Les Flores sèches de l'Ancien Monde (1966) na Cucurbitacées (1967). O nyekwara aka nke ukwuu na usoro Flore de Madagascar et des Comores: plantes vasculaires nke Henri Humbert na Jean-François Leroy, ebe o bipụtara monographs asaa.

Karaudren lụrụ onye France na-akọ ihe ọkụkụ bụ́ Gérard Guy Aymonin (1934–2014). A na-eji okwu ndị na-ede akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Keraudren egosi onye a dịka onye dere ya mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka aha ihe ọkụkụ.[3]

== Mbipụta ahọpụtara ==

* Keraudren-Aymonin, Monique (1978), Akụkụ Taxonomic nke akụ na ụba botany nke Africa. Nkwupụta Nzukọ nke itoolu nke Association pour l'Etude Taxonomique de la Flore d'Afrique Tropicale, AETFAT, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 18-23 Machị 1978
* Keraudren-Aymonin, Monique (1970), Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München. 10 Proc. nke 7º plenary meeting of the Association wunye l'Etude Taxonomique of the Flore of l'Afrique Tropicale, AETFAT, Munich, 7–12 Septemba 1970
* {{Cite book|author=Keraudren|first=Monique|title=Recherches sur les cucurbitacées de Madagascar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIJjOwAACAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Éditions du Muséum|series=Nouvelle série. Série B, Botanique 16 (2)}}
* {{Cite book|author=Keraudren-Aymonin|first=Monique|title=Bégoniacées|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHXUOwAACAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phanérogamie|isbn=978-2-85654-165-4}}
* {{Cite book|author=Keraudren|first=Monique|title=Cucurbitacées|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFM2twAACAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle}}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
A kpọrọ ọtụtụ osisi aha ya:

* (Annonaceae) ''Polyalthia keraudreniae'' &lt;small&gt;[[Le Thomas]] &amp; [[G.E.Schatz|GESchatz]]&lt;/small&gt;
* (Asclepiadaceae) ''Stapelianthus keraudreniae'' &lt;small&gt;Bosser &amp; [[Phillipe Morat|Morat]]&lt;/small&gt;
* (Begoniaceae) ''Begonia keraudreniae'' &lt;small&gt;Bosser&lt;/small&gt;
* (Convolvulaceae) ''Ipomoea keraudreniae'' &lt;small&gt;[[Thierry Deroin|Deroin]]&lt;/small&gt;
* (Fabaceae) ''Vigna keraudrenii'' &lt;small&gt;[[David Du Puy|Du Puy]] &amp; [[Jean-Noël Labat|Labat]]&lt;/small&gt;
* (Loranthaceae) ''Socratina keraudreniana'' &lt;small&gt;[[Simone Balle|Balle]]&lt;/small&gt;

Ọzọkwa, otu ụdị osisi sitere na etiti Eshia;

* (Apiaceae) ''Keraymonia'' Farille&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=''Keraymonia'' Farille {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:893460-1|work=Plants of the World Online|accessdate=24 May 2021|language=en|quote=Candollea Vol.40 on page 528 in 1985}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndetu ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305208368|Sylvie Kauffmann]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Sylvie Kauffmann''' (amụrụ na 30 Ọktoba 1955) bụ onye nta akụkọ France maka Agence France-Presse (AFP) na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Le Monde'' . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na AFP na France na 1979 na dịka onye nta akụkọ mba ofesi site na 1980 ruo 1988. Kauffmann sonyeere ''Le Monde'' dịka onye nta akụkọ Moscow na 1988 wee bụrụ onye nta akụkọ Eastern na Central Europe site na 1989 ruo 1993. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na United States site na 1993 ruo 2001 na Latin America na 2002 na 2003. A họpụtara Kauffman dịka osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Le Monde'' na 2003 ma na-akọ akụkọ gbasara Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia dịka onye nta akụkọ site na 2006 ruo 2009. Na 2010, a họpụtara ya dịka nwanyị mbụ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ ruo 2011.

== Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ==
A mụrụ Kauffmann n'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1955 na Marseille, France, n'aka dọkịta agha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stratégies&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barbière|first=Cécile|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info|url=http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html|work=Stratégies|language=French|date=1 July 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta site na Centre de Formation des Journalistes (Bekee: Training Centre for Journalists) na Paris, Instituts d'études politiques, Sciences Po Aix, Mahadum Provence na nzere na Spanish site na Mahadum Deusto nke Bilbao.&lt;ref name=&quot;KauffmannBio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IJFBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director Le Monde|url=https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[International Journalism Festival]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052750/https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== ''AFP'', 1979–1988 ===
Na 1979, Kauffmann malitere ọrụ ya na akụkọ nta akụkọ dịka onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi French maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi French Agence France-Presse (AFP).&lt;ref name=&quot;Stratégies&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barbière|first=Cécile|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info|url=http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html|work=Stratégies|language=French|date=1 July 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBarbière2010&quot;&gt;Barbière, Cécile (1 July 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419150445/http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann, the cult of info&amp;#x5D;. ''Stratégies'' (in French). Vol.&amp;nbsp;1596. Archived from [http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html the original] on 19 April 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu afọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, e mere ya onye nta akụkọ mba ofesi maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ nọrọ afọ 1980 ruo 1984 na London na 1984 site na 1985 na Warsaw,&lt;ref name=&quot;Liberation2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde|url=http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215|work=[[Libération]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nouméa na 1985,&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot; /&gt; wee gaa Moscow n'etiti 1986 na 1988,&lt;ref name=&quot;Liberation2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde|url=http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215|work=[[Libération]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215 &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann appointed editorial director of Le Monde&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Libération]]'' (in French). 19 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104051756/http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215 Archived] from the original on 4 November 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge Glasnost na Perestroika.&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=de la Baume|first=Mala|date=20 January 2010|title=Le Monde Appoints First Woman as Top Editor|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Le Monde'', 1988–ugbu a ===
Kauffmann sonyeere ''Le Monde'' dị ka onye nta akụkọ Moscow na 1988. N'afọ sochirinụ, e mere ya onye nta akụkọ Eastern na Central Europe, na-akọ akụkọ banyere Ọdịda nke Mgbidi Berlin, Mgbawa nke Soviet Union, na mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ọhụrụ nke Eastern Europe na-agbanwe gaa na akụnụba ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IJFBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director Le Monde|url=https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[International Journalism Festival]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052750/https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director Le Monde&quot;]. [[International Journalism Festival]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052750/https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann Archived] from the original on 26 May 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;REAPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director and Columnist – Le Monde|url=https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en|publisher=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526053916/https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en|archivedate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EPPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|publisher=[[European Press Prize]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|archivedate=16 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Le Monde'' kpọgara Kauffmann na United States n'afọ 1993, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na Washington,&lt;ref name=&quot;ColumbiaBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography: Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/caseconsortium/casestudies/66/casestudy/www/layout/case_id_66_id_159_c_bio.html|publisher=Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622101201/http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/caseconsortium/casestudies/66/casestudy/www/layout/case_id_66_id_159_c_bio.html|archivedate=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruo mgbe e mere ya Onyeisi Ụlọ Ọrụ New York na 1996, na-arụ ọrụ ruo 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;REAPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director and Columnist – Le Monde|url=https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en|publisher=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526053916/https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en|archivedate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director and Columnist – Le Monde&quot;]. [[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200526053916/https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en Archived] from the original on 26 May 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka ''akwụkwọ akụkọ The New York Times'' si kwuo, &quot;mkpuchi akukọ ya gbasara United States ka na-ewere dị ka ihe doro anya ma dịkwa mma, ebe ọ bụ na France na United States nwere mmekọrịta dị iche iche&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=de la Baume|first=Mala|date=20 January 2010|title=Le Monde Appoints First Woman as Top Editor|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFde_la_Baume2010&quot;&gt;de la Baume, Mala (20 January 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html &quot;Le Monde Appoints First Woman as Top Editor&quot;]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100122123939/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html Archived] from the original on 22 January 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na-ekiri Onyeisiala Bill Clinton na mpụta nke ịntanetị.&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann is appointed editorial director of &quot;Le Monde&quot;&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Le Monde]]'' (in French). 19 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100120054106/http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html Archived] from the original on 20 January 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1998 na 1999, ọ sonyere na mmemme Ndị Nduzi Ndị Ntorobịa nke French-American Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Past Classes|url=http://www.frenchamerican.org/youngleadersclasses|publisher=[[French-American Foundation]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831023632/http://www.frenchamerican.org/youngleadersclasses|archivedate=31 August 2014|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ laghachiri Paris na 2001 mana e zigara ya New York na ngwụcha afọ ahụ iji kọọ akụkọ Mgbe mwakpo Septemba 11 gasịrị dị ka onye nta akụkọ buru ibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;REAPBio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EPPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|publisher=[[European Press Prize]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|archivedate=16 April 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/ &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann&quot;]. [[European Press Prize]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/ Archived] from the original on 16 April 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nchịkọta akụkọ Kauffman nke mwakpo akpọrọ ''Chronicle of America at War'' nwetara ya ihe nrite Prix AFRI-Thucydide nke mba ụwa. Site na 2002 ruo 2003, ọ gara Latin America iji kọọ akụkọ banyere nsogbu ego Argentina, ntuli aka nke [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] dịka Onyeisiala Brazil na onyeisiala Hugo Chávez na Venezuela.&lt;ref name=&quot;IJFBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director Le Monde|url=https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[International Journalism Festival]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052750/https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director Le Monde&quot;]. [[International Journalism Festival]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052750/https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/sylvie-kauffmann Archived] from the original on 26 May 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2003, Kauffmann laghachiri n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ''Le Monde'' dị na Paris wee bụrụ akụkụ nke ndị otu nchịkọta akụkọ mgbe a họpụtara ya dịka osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ,&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann is appointed editorial director of &quot;Le Monde&quot;&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Le Monde]]'' (in French). 19 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100120054106/http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html Archived] from the original on 20 January 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ColumbiaBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography: Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/caseconsortium/casestudies/66/casestudy/www/layout/case_id_66_id_159_c_bio.html|publisher=Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622101201/http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/caseconsortium/casestudies/66/casestudy/www/layout/case_id_66_id_159_c_bio.html|archivedate=22 June 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/caseconsortium/casestudies/66/casestudy/www/layout/case_id_66_id_159_c_bio.html &quot;Biography: Sylvie Kauffmann&quot;]. Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160622101201/http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/caseconsortium/casestudies/66/casestudy/www/layout/case_id_66_id_159_c_bio.html Archived] from the original on 22 June 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; wee bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ndị nta akụkọ ukwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Liberation2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde|url=http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215|work=[[Libération]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215 &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann appointed editorial director of Le Monde&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Libération]]'' (in French). 19 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104051756/http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215 Archived] from the original on 4 November 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; ma na-edu ngalaba akụkọ miri emi ya. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ahụ ruo 2004, mgbe a họpụtara ya onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stratégies&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barbière|first=Cécile|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info|url=http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html|work=Stratégies|language=French|date=1 July 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBarbière2010&quot;&gt;Barbière, Cécile (1 July 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419150445/http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann, the cult of info&amp;#x5D;. ''Stratégies'' (in French). Vol.&amp;nbsp;1596. Archived from [http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html the original] on 19 April 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EPPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|publisher=[[European Press Prize]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|archivedate=16 April 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/ &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann&quot;]. [[European Press Prize]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/ Archived] from the original on 16 April 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara mee Kauffman onye nta akụkọ na onye nta akụkọ n'ozuzu ya maka ''Le Monde'' nke dị na Singapore,&lt;ref name=&quot;REAPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director and Columnist – Le Monde|url=https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en|publisher=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526053916/https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en|archivedate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director and Columnist – Le Monde&quot;]. [[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200526053916/https://lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/2016/speakers/sylvie-kauffmann/?lang=en Archived] from the original on 26 May 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na-akọ akụkọ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia, Burma, Philippines, China na India site na kọlụm kwa izu.&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot; /&gt;

Éric Fottorino gwara ya na ngwụcha afọ 2009 ka o tụlee otú e si ahazi ozi maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na weebụsaịtị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Liberation2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde|url=http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215|work=[[Libération]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215 &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann nommée directrice de la rédaction du Monde&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann appointed editorial director of Le Monde&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Libération]]'' (in French). 19 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104051756/http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_605215 Archived] from the original on 4 November 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Fottorino họpụtara Kauffmann dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ isi nke ''Le Monde'' na 18 Jenụwarị 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;Stratégies&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barbière|first=Cécile|title=Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info|url=http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html|work=Stratégies|language=French|date=1 July 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBarbière2010&quot;&gt;Barbière, Cécile (1 July 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419150445/http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann, le culte de l'info&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann, the cult of info&amp;#x5D;. ''Stratégies'' (in French). Vol.&amp;nbsp;1596. Archived from [http://www.strategies.fr/emploi-formation/management/141792W/sylvie-kauffmann-le-culte-de-l-info.html the original] on 19 April 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LM2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|language=French|date=19 January 2010|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann est nommée directrice de la rédaction du &quot;Monde&quot;&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Sylvie Kauffmann is appointed editorial director of &quot;Le Monde&quot;&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Le Monde]]'' (in French). 19 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100120054106/http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/01/19/sylvie-kauffmann-est-nommee-directrice-de-la-redaction-du-monde_1293787_3236.html Archived] from the original on 20 January 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; nọchiri Alain Frachon onye afọ abụọ ya n'ọkwa ahụ kwụsịrị na 2009 ma bụrụ nwanyị mbụ ga-ejide ọkwa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=de la Baume|first=Mala|date=20 January 2010|title=Le Monde Appoints First Woman as Top Editor|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFde_la_Baume2010&quot;&gt;de la Baume, Mala (20 January 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html &quot;Le Monde Appoints First Woman as Top Editor&quot;]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100122123939/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/europe/20lemonde.html Archived] from the original on 22 January 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa onyeisi, o gosiri ọchịchọ ya imeziwanye akwụkwọ akụkọ na weebụsaịtị, gbanwee ''Le Monde'' ka ọ bụrụ &quot;akwụkwọ na-adịghị ehi ụra.&quot; Kauffmann lekọtakwara mmekorita nke WikiLeaks na ''El Pais'', ''The Guardian'' na ''The New York Times''.&lt;ref name=&quot;RISJBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann: Editorial Director, Le Monde|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427215038/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=27 April 2019|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2011, ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri na atọ ga-etinye akwụkwọ maka ọkwa onye nduzi nke ''Le Monde'' . Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kwadoro ọkwa Kauffmann, ndị nwe ya bụ Pierre Bergé, Xavier Niel na Matthieu Pigasse na kọmitii nhọrọ jụrụ ya ma họpụta Érik Izraewicz dị ka onye nduzi nke ''Le Monde''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 February 2011|title=Erik Izraelewicz sees Le Monde as morning newspaper – report|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A248111730/GPS?u=wikipedia&amp;sid=GPS&amp;xid=11c7b72a|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kauffmann hapụrụ ọkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ n'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị,&lt;ref name=&quot;WEFBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann: Editorial Director, Le Monde|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[World Economic Forum]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525205907/https://www.weforum.org/people/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=25 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana ọ nọgidere na ''Le Monde'' dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Kauffmann tinyere aka na peeji echiche nke ''New York Times International Edition'',&lt;ref name=&quot;RISJBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann: Editorial Director, Le Monde|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427215038/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=27 April 2019|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann: Editorial Director, Le Monde&quot;]. [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427215038/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann Archived] from the original on 27 April 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WEFBio&quot; /&gt; ''Financial Times'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann {{!}} Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/stream/b32bdce6-811b-4598-b79e-84456f7d3bd9|accessdate=2023-01-01|work=www.ft.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma na-apụtakarị na mmemme redio France Culture ''L'Esprit ọha.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://www.franceculture.fr/personne-sylvie-kauffmann.html|work=|publisher=France Culture|language=Fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112100857/http://www.franceculture.fr/personne-sylvie-kauffmann.html|archivedate=12 November 2015|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==

=== Ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ===

* [[Google]], Onye otu Kansụl Ndụmọdụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Advisory Council|url=https://archive.google.com/advisorycouncil/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625192059/https://archive.google.com/advisorycouncil/|archivedate=25 June 2017|accessdate=25 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Òtù ndị na-abụghị uru ===

* Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Paris nke Ihe Ndị Na-eme na Mba Nile (PSIA), Onye otu Kọmitii Atụmatụ
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Reuters maka Ọmụmụ Akwụkwọ Akụkọ, Onye otu Ndị Ndụmọdụ&lt;ref name=&quot;RISJBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann: Editorial Director, Le Monde|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann|publisher=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427215038/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann|archivedate=27 April 2019|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann: Editorial Director, Le Monde&quot;]. [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427215038/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/sylvie-kauffmann Archived] from the original on 27 April 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* AFP Foundation, Onye otu Board&lt;ref name=&quot;Mena12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=France: AFP Foundation board strengthened with four new members|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A297620916/GPS?u=wikipedia&amp;sid=GPS&amp;xid=dae4e03f|work=[[Mena Report]]|date=25 July 2012|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kansụl Yuropu maka Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ (ECFR), Onye otu Kansụl
* Ihe nrite Ndị Mgbasa Ozi nke Yuropu, Onye otu Ndị Ikpe&lt;ref name=&quot;EPPBio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sylvie Kauffmann|url=http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|publisher=[[European Press Prize]]|accessdate=26 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/|archivedate=16 April 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/ &quot;Sylvie Kauffmann&quot;]. [[European Press Prize]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416004216/http://www.europeanpressprize.com/people/panel-of-judges/sylvie-kauffmann/ Archived] from the original on 16 April 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Òtù Ndị Nduzi Transatlantic, Onye otu Kansụl Ndị Ndụmọdụ
* Kọmishọna Atọ, Onye otu otu Yuropu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Membership in January 2020|url=https://trilateral.org/download/files/TC-MEMBERSHIP-LIST-JANUARY-2020.pdf|publisher=[[Trilateral Commission]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308001326/http://trilateral.org/download/files/TC-MEMBERSHIP-LIST-JANUARY-2020.pdf|archivedate=8 March 2020|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
Kauffmann lụrụ onye nnọchi anya Pierre Buhler.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nowa para w Warszawie|url=https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/swiat/1528743,1,nowa-para-w-warszawie.read?page=93&amp;moduleId=4781|date=10 July 2012|work=[[Polityka]]|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526080823/https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/swiat/1528743,1,nowa-para-w-warszawie.read?page=93&amp;moduleId=4781|archivedate=26 May 2020|accessdate=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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    <title>Maina Kataki</title>
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        <id>24524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321798105|Maïna Kataki]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Maïna Kataki''', nwa afọ Juliette Pierre-Marie, a na-akpọkwa ya Nishtatai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/Passageto-India/articleshow/1024060.cms|title=Passage to India|date=February 18, 2005|publisher=[[Times of India]]|accessdate=1 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1923 – 20 Nọvemba 2011 na Pune, [[Ndia|India]]) bụ onye edemede nwanyị India a mụrụ na France, onye bi na Pune, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_nishtatai-french-teacher-and-social-worker-from-pune-no-more_1619357|title=Nishtatai, french teacher and social worker from Pune, no more|date=November 30, 2011|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|accessdate=1 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya n'ọrụ ebere mba ofesi mgbe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya gasịrị na [[Ndia|India]].

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Kataki na Paris. O mechara kwaga na Pune n'onwa Febụwarị 1970 mgbe ihe gbasara omenala ndị India dọtara ya.

Ọ ghọrọ nwa amaala India na 1976. ebe ọ kụziri ihe na mahadum n'ime obodo nta na obodo nta ebe o hiwere ''Samarpan Ashram'' na 1983.

== Ndekọ Akwụkwọ ==
Kataki bụ onye dere La Joie d'Être, nke bụ akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke L'Inde Secrète des Villages. Ọ na-akọwapụta mgbalị nwa agbọghọ na-eme iji gbanwee omume obodo n'ihe gbasara ọgwụ. O dekwara Femme de Pierre ou Femme de Chair ebe o kwupụtara echiche ya banyere ụmụ nwanyị.

== Ntụaka ==
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    <title>BCC Lions F.C.</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344485611|BCC Lions F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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'''BCC Lions Football Club''' (Benue Cement Company Lions Football club) bụ otu egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na [[Gboko]], Benue State . Ọ na-asọmpi na ọkwa dị iche iche na usoro Njikọ Naịjirịa, gụnyere Njikọ Amateur nke Naịjirịa na Njikọ Professional nke Naịjarịa, na-enweta otuto n'oge ụfọdụ ruo mgbe ọ dara ma mechaa pụọ. E mere egwuregwu ya n'ụlọ na Joseph Sarwuan Tarka Stadium . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBC Lions Football Club Stadium|url=https://bcclions.sitesng.com/en_Stadium.html|accessdate=2022-11-22|work=bcclions.sitesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbalị ụfọdụ e mere iji mee ka ndị otu ahụ dịghachi ndụ enweghị isi.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
BCC Lions tọrọ ntọala na 1982 site na gọọmentị Benue State, n'okpuru [[Aper Aku]], gọvanọ mbụ nke steeti ahụ. Chuks Aningo bụ onye nkuzi mbụ nke otu ahụ. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, Aningo ga-eje ozi dị ka onye njikwa otu ahụ. N'oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ Benue Cement Company were ya n'ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBC Lions Football Club History|url=https://bcclions.sitesng.com/en_History.html|accessdate=2022-11-22|work=bcclions.sitesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

BCC Lions bụ otu mbụ na Northern Nigeria meriri Nigeria Challenge Cup (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Nigeria FA Cup) n'afọ 1989. E mere egwuregwu ahụ na Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium, [[Bauchi]], naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke egwuregwu ahụ bụ Aham Nwankwo. Klọb ahụ gara n'ihu merie na 1993, 1994, 1997 mbipụta nke Challenge Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-12-19|title=Bolaji Douglas: I will forever treasure my days in BCC Lions FC|url=https://dailytrust.com/bolaji-douglas-i-will-forever-treasure-my-days-in-bcc-lions-fc/|accessdate=2022-11-22|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ha meriri Challenge Cup, n'afọ sochirinụ, klọb ahụ meriri Mandela Cup na 1990.  N'oge mmalite afọ 1990, BCC Lions bụ otu n'ime ndị otu kachasị na league, na-arị elu okpukpu abụọ na 1994.

E ji akara abụọ chụpụ ha na Premier League nke Naijiria na 1998, ha enweghịkwa ike nwetaghachi ebube mbụ ha. Mgbe ha nọrọ afọ isii na ngalaba nke ala, ha ji nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuo ndị nkwado ha na nkwado ego ha. N'agbanyeghị ego ruru nde naira 2.5 aka na-achị steeti Benue bụ George Akume n'afọ 2002 na nde ọzọ sitere na Guilder Brewing afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ndị otu ahụ agbasara, n'agbanyeghị na ha egosighi asọmpi FA Cup 2004 ha na Shooting Stars F.C. Mgbalị ịkpọlite ndị otu ahụ malitere na Nọvemba 2007. Dangote, bụkwa onye isi oche BCC, kwupụtara nde naira 110 maka otu ahụ isonye na oge 2008/09. E wepụrụ ha ka ha gụchara nke iri na atọ.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* '''Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (1):''' 1994
* '''Iko Mba Naịjirịa'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (4):''' 1989, 1993, 1994, 1997

=== Kọntinent ===

* '''Iko Ndị Na-emeri Iko Afrịka'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (1):''' 1990

== Ọrụ na asọmpi CAF ==

:: 1995 - Ugboro nke Abụọ&amp;nbsp;

:: 1990 - '''Onye mmeri'''&amp;nbsp;
:: 1991 - ''Onye ikpeazụ''&amp;nbsp;
:: 1994 - Quarter-Final&amp;nbsp;
:: 1998 - Ugboro Mbụ&amp;nbsp;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110929111044/http://www.firstglobalselect.com/scripts/cgiip.wsc/globalone/htm/news_article.r?vcnews-id=247 GULDER SPLASHES N20.5m ON CLUBS] (echekwara) 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824092809/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art20071215314237 The Punch: Benue woos BCC iji mee ka ọdụm dịghachi ndụ] (echekwara) 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928103116/http://www.thetidenews.com/article.aspx?qrDate=12%2F18%2F2007&amp;qrTitle=BCC+Lions+to+bounce+back+soon&amp;qrColumn=SPORTS BCC Lions na-awụli elu] (echekwara) 
* BCC Lions coaches na-akwa arịrịọ (Tribune) (echekwa) 
[[Otú:Ȯra Benue]]
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341136692|Anioma Sporting FC]]&quot;</comment>
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| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |Ụgbọ mmiri nke Osimiri Niger
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2020
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Stephen Keshi Stadium]], [[Asaba]] (kwupụtara) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |22,000 (ihe dị ka) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Qriss-Henry Ogwu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |https://aniomafc.com/
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''[[Ndi Anioma|Anioma]] Sporting FC''' (nke a na-akpọkwa '''Anioma FC''' ma ọ bụ Anioma Sportin) bụ klọb bọọlụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmepe nke Naijiria nke dị na mpaghara Anioma nke Delta State. E guzobere ya na 2020, klọb ahụ na-etinye onwe ya dị ka ọrụ ụzọ na-ejikọta mmepe obodo, itinye aka na obodo, na ọhụụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ndị egwuregwu Naijiria. &lt;ref name=&quot;DT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clement|first=Philip Shimnom|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://dailytrust.com/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MSN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=http://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/nigeria/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/ar-AA1N2qXx|work=MSN Africa|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DailyAsset&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as the Flagship of the River|url=https://dailyasset.ng/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-the-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Daily Asset|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LatestNews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/d/55482/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents.html|work=Latest Nigerian News|date=September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as “Flagship of the River”|url=https://promptnewsonline.com/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Prompt News Online|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Echiche maka Anioma Sporting pụtara na 2020 n'okpuru nduzi nke teknụzụ Naijiria na onye ọchụnta ego ụgbọ ala Qriss-Henry Ogwu. Na Septemba 2025, klọb ahụ kwuputara n'ihu ọha mwepụta ọrụ ya na ebumnuche ekwuru iji chọpụta, zụlite na igosi ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ si Delta North na n'ofe Nigeria. Na igba egbe, klọb ahụ nakweere acha anụnụ anụnụ na ọla edo dị ka agba ya na sobriquet &quot;Flagship of the River Niger&quot;.

Anioma Sporting na-akọwa ọhụụ ya dị ka ịhazi ọdịiche dị n'etiti talent na ohere site na:

* '''Mgbọrọgwụ na mmepe agụmakwụkwọ''' (U10 ruo ọkwa dị elu) na nkuzi nke oge a na nkwado agụmakwụkwọ; &lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as “Flagship of the River”|url=https://promptnewsonline.com/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Prompt News Online|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Ikpughe na itinye ya''' site na nyocha arụmọrụ na profaịlụ onye ọkpụkpọ dabeere na vidiyo; &lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot; /&gt;
* '''Mmekọrịta obodo''' site na asọmpi na mgbasa ozi n'ime Delta State; &lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot; /&gt;
* Ntinye '''ụkpụrụ ọkachamara''' na nlekọta onye ọkpụkpọ, ọnọdụ, na nkuzi; &lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot; /&gt;
* Ịrụ '''mmekọrịta''' n'ime obodo na mba ụwa iji mepụta ohere ịga n'ihu maka ndị egwuregwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;DT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clement|first=Philip Shimnom|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://dailytrust.com/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụzọ agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ọkpụkpọ ==
Ihe ngosi ụlọ akwụkwọ klọb ahụ gbadoro ụkwụ na nnwale mepere emepe yana “jikọta” ihe omume na Delta North, ndị otu afọ (U10-U19), yana pipeline mmepe ezubere iji kwadebe ndị egwuregwu maka egwuregwu ochie. Usoro a na-agụnye nkuzi, nhazi, na igosi ndị egwuregwu na ndị na-egwu egwuregwu na klọb na-eji vidiyo egwuregwu na profaịlụ data.

== Ámá egwuregwu na ihe owuwu ==
N'afọ 2025, klọb ahụ kwupụtara atụmatụ iji [[Stephen Keshi Stadium]] dị na Asaba dị ka ebe egwuregwu na ọzụzụ ya dị ka akụkụ nke mmepe egwuregwu ogologo oge na mmemme obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;DT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clement|first=Philip Shimnom|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://dailytrust.com/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DailyAsset&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as the Flagship of the River|url=https://dailyasset.ng/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-the-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Daily Asset|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anioma Sporting FC egosila n'ihu ọha ámá egwuregwu ahụ dị ka ebe obibi n'ọdịnihu dị nso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma Sporting FC eyes Stephen Keshi Stadium as possible home ground|url=https://africacitizens.com/anioma-sporting-fc-eyes-stephen-keshi-stadium-as-possible-home-ground/|work=Africa Citizens|date=28 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe a na-ahụ ==

* '''Agba:''' acha anụnụ anụnụ na ọla edo.&lt;ref name=&quot;DT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clement|first=Philip Shimnom|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://dailytrust.com/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as “Flagship of the River”|url=https://promptnewsonline.com/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Prompt News Online|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DailyAsset&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as the Flagship of the River|url=https://dailyasset.ng/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-the-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Daily Asset|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Motto/Nickname: &quot;Flagship nke Osimiri Niger&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot; /&gt;

== Onye nwe ya na idu ndú ==
A na-ekwu na onye guzobere ya na onye isi ya bụ Henry Ogwu. A kpughere nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke bọọdụ, njikwa, na ndị ọrụ teknụzụ n'ihu ọha n'oge a malitere ya na 2025. &lt;ref name=&quot;DT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clement|first=Philip Shimnom|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://dailytrust.com/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MSN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=http://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/nigeria/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/ar-AA1N2qXx|work=MSN Africa|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ịma aka na atụmanya ==
Ndị nyocha na mgbasa ozi mpaghara ahụ ekwuola ihe ịma aka ndị a na-ahụkarị maka klọb ọhụrụ ndị Naijiria, gụnyere akụrụngwa, ego, na asọmpi maka nkà na ngosi. Ndị na-akwado ya na-ekwu na nkwenye na teknụzụ, itinye aka na obodo, na ụzọ mba ụwa nwere ike inye ihe nlereanya a ga-emegharị maka ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịgide n'oge. &lt;ref name=&quot;DT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clement|first=Philip Shimnom|title=Anioma FC officially launched, promises pathways for Nigerian talents|url=https://dailytrust.com/anioma-fc-officially-launched-promises-pathways-for-nigerian-talents/|date=16 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Prompt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as “Flagship of the River”|url=https://promptnewsonline.com/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Prompt News Online|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DailyAsset&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Anioma FC debuts in Delta North as the Flagship of the River|url=https://dailyasset.ng/anioma-fc-debuts-in-delta-north-as-the-flagship-of-the-river/|work=Daily Asset|date=17 September 2025|accessdate=2 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* Anioma Sporting FC na-akọwa na
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bayelsa United F.C.</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349019189|Bayelsa United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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'''[[Ȯra Bayelsa|Bayelsa]] United FC''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke dị na [[Yenagoa]], Bayelsa, Nigeria. Ha na-egwu na ngalaba Premier nke bọọlụ Naijiria, Nigeria Professional Football League. A na-egwu egwuregwu ha n'ụlọ na Samson Siasia Stadium, Ovom, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Onye nkuzi nke otu ahụ ugbu a bụ Monday odigie, onye zụrụbu otu ahụ.

== Oge 2008/09 ==
N'ihi oke mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka ogige ahụ ghara igwu egwu, ha na-egwu oge 2007–2008 na Delta State obodo Oghara. N'ime oge 2008–09, Bayelsa manyere ịme egwuregwu ụlọ atọ n'Ibadan ka igwe mmadụ nwere nsogbu na derby ha na Ocean Boys. Mgbe ahụ na ezumike nke afọ ọhụrụ a kwụsịrị otu ahụ ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu n'usoro nhazi egwuregwu ha n'agbanyeghị na ha nọ n'elu tebụl. Nke a bụ n'ihi ụgwọ na ụgwọ ọnwa pụtara. N'ime ihe ịtụnanya, otu a chụrụ onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ Miekeme Fekete ozugbo ka ndị otu ahụ na-eme njem na Brazzaville iji gbaa bọọlụ CAF Confederation Cup. Ha meriri asọmpị Premier Naijiria nke mbụ ka ha gbachara 2–2 na Warri Wolves F.C. na June 14, na-eme ka ha ruo eruo maka 2010 CAF Champions League. Otú ọ dị, ememe ahụ dara jụụ mgbe ndị ohi gburu onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Abel Tador awa ole na ole ka egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị.

== Afọ 2009/10 ==
Na Jenụwarị 2010, gọọmentị Bayelsa Steeti kwuru na ha na-achọ nkwado onwe onye iji weghara ndị otu ahụ. E wepụrụ ha na ngwụcha oge ahụ site na otu akara mgbe ha meriri atọ n'ime egwuregwu anọ ikpeazụ ha ma chụpụ ha ka ha gbaa egwuregwu n'ụlọ na [[Kano]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dethroned-nigeria-champions-bayelsa-united-relegated/525911|title=Dethroned Nigeria champions Bayelsa United relegated|date=July 8, 2010|work=Kick Off|accessdate=December 6, 2019|archivedate=December 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206095913/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dethroned-nigeria-champions-bayelsa-united-relegated/525911}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha mere mkpesa maka mwepụ ahụ, na-azọrọ na a gaara enye akara atọ site na egwuregwu a gbahapụrụ na Bauchi mgbe ndị otu Wikki Tourists hapụrụ egwuregwu ahụ. Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa nke ikpe ụlọ ikpe (na mmụba nwa oge nke league ruo ìgwè 24), e gosipụtara mwepụ ha na Septemba 2010.

== Oge 2011 ==
Nsogbu ego kpaghasịrị nloghachi Bayelsa na ngalaba nke abụọ. Ha hapụrụ ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu ka ha pụọ n'efu na mbido oge ahụ n'ihi akwụghị ụgwọ. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2011, ha kwụsịrị asọmpi FA nke steeti ha ma mee ngagharị iwe n'ụlọ gọọmentị Bayelsa Steeti n'ihi akwụghị ụgwọ, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-alaghachi afọ abụọ na aha ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/bayelsa-united-players-barricade-government-house-over-unpaid-wages/530864|title=Bayelsa United players barricade Government House, over unpaid wages|date=May 10, 2011|work=Kick Off|accessdate=December 6, 2019|archivedate=December 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206100146/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/bayelsa-united-players-barricade-government-house-over-unpaid-wages/530864}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ahụ, ha nọ n'elu tebụl na National League Division 1-B.

== Oge 2012 ==
Ha meriri ndị otu itoolu ha iji merie nkwalite laghachi na Premier League ma bụrụ nke abụọ na ndị na-asọmpi Nembe City F.C. na asọmpi Super Four nke Naịjirịa. E wepụrụ ha mgbe ha mechara n'ọkwa ikpeazụ n'afọ 2015.

* '''Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 1'''

:: 2009.

* '''Nigeria FA Cup: 1'''

:: 2021.

* '''Super Cup nke Naịjirịa: 1'''

:: 2009.

== Ọrụ na asọmpi CAF ==

* '''CAF Confederation Cup: 1 mpụta'''

:: 2009 - Ọkara nke ikpeazụ&amp;nbsp;

* '''CAF Champions League: 1 mpụta'''

:: 2010 - Nzọụkwụ Mbụ&amp;nbsp;

== Ndị bụbu ndị isi nchịkwa ==

* [[Alphonsus Dike]]
* [[Jossy Dombraye]]
* [[Ladan Bosso]]
* Richard Bubagha

* [[Kali Gwegwe]]
* [[Henry Nwosu]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140301053751/http://www.bayelsaunited.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ otu] (echekwara na 1 Machị 2014) 
* Bayelsa United FC Nsonaazụ - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Bayelsa UnitedFC
* [http://&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id= AllAfrica.com/stories/200912310315.html&quot; id=&quot;mwow&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Bayelsa, Ocean Boys maka ire ere] - AllAfrica.com&amp;nbsp;
* Bayelsa gbanwere ụgwọ N200m maka nnyefe n'efu. E debere ya na  Wayback Machine - ''KickoffNigeria.com''.&amp;nbsp;
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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  <page>
    <title>Apa United F.C.</title>
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'''Apa United''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria. Ha na-egwu na Nigeria Amateur League Division Two . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gongnews.net/lobi-junnior-replaces-apa-united-in-nationwide-league/|title=Lobi Junnior replaces Apa United in NationWide League|accessdate=2016-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003072808/http://www.gongnews.net/lobi-junnior-replaces-apa-united-in-nationwide-league/|archivedate=2016-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruo n'afọ 2012, ha na-egwuri egwu na ngalaba nke abụọ nke Nigerian National League [1] na afọ abụọ na atọ na Nigerian Premier League, ruo May 2015. Ha na-adabere na Otukpo na 1,000 Otukpo Township Stadium. Enwere atụmatụ maka ama egwuregwu ọzọ.

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349019854|Bendel Insurance F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Bendel Insurance
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Bendel_Insurance_F.C._logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Bendel Insurance Football Club
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha njirimara
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |Vipers, Arsenal nke Benin
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1972&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Afọ 54 gara aga&amp;#x20;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;1972&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium]] City, Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |12,000&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;181&quot;&gt;[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/04/08/buhari-hails-obasekis-investments-in-sports-revamp-of-ogbemudia-stadium/ &quot;Buhari Hails Obaseki's Investments in Sports, Revamp of Ogbemudia Stadium&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;182&quot;&gt;''[[This Day]]''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;184&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230130153225/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/04/08/buhari-hails-obasekis-investments-in-sports-revamp-of-ogbemudia-stadium/ Archived] from the original on 30 January 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;185&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot;&gt;[https://nigerianobservernews.com/2021/04/obaseki-parades-new-features-of-samuel-ogbemudia-stadium-assures-more-investment-in-sports/ &quot;Obaseki parades new features of Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium, assures more investment in sports&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Emperor Jarret Tenebe 
Onye isi oche nke Bendel Insurance Football Club,
Edo State &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://bendelinsurancefc.com/emperor-jarret-tenebe-unveiled-as-chairman-bendel-insurance-football-club-amid-pump/ &quot;Emperor Jarret Tenebe Unveiled as Chairman of Bendel Insurance Football Club&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot;&gt;[https://leadership.ng/pdp-jittery-over-edo-by-election-apc/ &quot;PDP Jittery Over Edo By-Election – APC&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Greg Ikhenoba &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233718/https://newtelegraphonline.com/2017/12/edo-unveils-new-technical-crew-insurance/ &quot;Edo unveils new technical crew for Insurance&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria Premier Football League|Njikọ bọọlụ Premier nke Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/305002-bendel-insurance-three-other-teams-promoted-to-nigeria-pro-football-league.html &quot;Bendel Insurance, three other teams promoted to Nigeria pro football league – Premium Times Nigeria&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2024–25 Nigeria Premier Football League|2024–25]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nke ise
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: ##00FF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: ##00FF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: ##00FF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: ##00FF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: ##00FF00;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;references /&gt;
'''Bendel Insurance Football Club''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke dị na Benin City, Nigeria. Klọb ahụ na-egwu na Nigeria Premier Football League. A maara ha na mbụ dị ka Vipers nke Benin. Ha na-egwu egwuregwu ha n'ụlọ na [[Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50476193|title=Nigeria's Edo State to pay women and men teams equally|date=19 November 2019|accessdate=20 November 2019|archivedate=20 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120123906/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50476193}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml|title=Stadiums in Nigeria|accessdate=15 July 2007|work=World Stadiums|archivedate=18 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418021639/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke nwere ikike nke 12,000. Ha meriri mbipụta 2023 nke Federation Cup mgbe ha meriri Enugu Rangers 1-0 na Stephen Keshi Stadium na Asaba na 21 June 2023.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'ịbụ nke Dr. Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia mepụtara, Bendel Insurance bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere ndị otu Naịjirịa Premier League na 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard_01_2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/the-return-of-bede-insurance/|title=The Return of 'Bede' Insurance!|first=Olusegun|author=Odegbami|date=18 January 2019|accessdate=16 February 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị otu ahụ nwere ọnwa mbụ ya n'oge 2007-08 na-egbu oge n'ihi esemokwu nchịkwa banyere onye na-achịkwa otu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/15102007/news/sports5.html|title=Insurance FC crisis started since 1995|accessdate=4 January 2008|work=NIGERIAN TRIBUNE|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527040430/http://tribune.com.ng/15102007/news/sports5.html|archivedate=27 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.ng/25092007/news/sports2.html|title=Osunbor summons Ebewele, Ekhosuehi&amp;nbsp;– Insurance crisis latest|accessdate=4 January 2008|work=NIGERIAN TRIBUNE|archivedate=15 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215190851/http://tribune.com.ng/25092007/news/sports2.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsogbu ahụ dugara na klọb abụọ dị iche iche na-azọrọ aha Insurance. E wepụrụ ha na ngwụcha oge 2007-08 mgbe ha mechara n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ, mwepụ mbụ site na ọkwa kachasị elu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu ahụ.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2008, e doziri nsogbu nke ndị nwe ya ma gọọmentị Edo Steeti weghaara ikike. N'ihi ya, aha ahụ laghachiri na Bendel Insurance Football Club.

Agbanyeghị, nsogbu ego klọb ahụ gara n'ihu n'oge niile. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2009, amachibidoro Inshọransị ka ọ ghara iji ama egwuregwu ha nwa oge n'ihi na ọ dabaraghị ụkpụrụ otu. N'ọnwa Maachị, ha bụ otu n'ime otu asatọ egwu na a ga-akwụsị nsonye ha n'ihi nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke ụgwọ na nra. N'ikpeazụ, a chụpụrụ ha na Ilorin, North Central Nigeria, maka egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha n'ụlọ ha n'oge ahụ ka ndị mmadụ nwere nsogbu na 1-1 megide Shooting Stars FC nke kwụsịrị ohere nkwalite ha. Ihe kpatara ndakpọ Bendel Insurance bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ onye nwe ya.

A kwalitere Bendel Insurance ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ elu kachasị elu maka oge 2019 mgbe ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị afọ iri na ngalaba ndị dị ala. &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard_01_2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/the-return-of-bede-insurance/|title=The Return of 'Bede' Insurance!|first=Olusegun|author=Odegbami|date=18 January 2019|accessdate=16 February 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chụpụrụ ha na NNL mgbe naanị otu oge gachara. Ha meriri nkwalite laghachi na NPFL n'ụbọchị nke abụọ nke oge 2022.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

=== N'ụlọ ===

* '''Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (2):''' 1973, 1979
* '''Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa: 1'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (1):''' 2022
* '''Iko Mba Naịjirịa'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (4):''' 1972, 1978, 1980, 2023

=== Kọntinent ===

* '''Iko CAF'''
** '''Ndị mmeri (1):''' 1994

=== Ógbè ===

* '''West African Club Championship (UFOA Cup) '''
** '''Ndị mmeri (3):''' 1993, 1994, 1995

== Ọrụ na asọmpi CAF ==

* '''African Cup of Champions Clubs: 2 appearances'''

:: 1974: Ugboro nke Abụọ
:: 1980: Ọkara nke ikpeazụ

* '''CAF Confederation Cup: 1 mpụta'''

:: 2005 - Ugboro nke Abụọ&amp;nbsp;

* '''CAF Cup: 1 mpụta'''

:: 1994 - '''Onye mmeri'''&amp;nbsp;

* '''CAF Cup Winners' Cup: 2 appearances'''

:: 1979 - Ọkara nke ikpeazụ&amp;nbsp;
:: 1982 - Ugboro nke Abụọ&amp;nbsp;

== Nchịkwa ==

* Onye isi nchịkwa: Greg Ikpenoba
* Onye nduzi teknụzụ: Augustine Iyamu
* Onye njikwa otu: Peter Obanor
* Onye nduzi Scouting: Idemudia Esigbe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Iyemefokhai|first=Enahoro|date=14 January 2025|title=Okpebholo unveils new management teams, coaches for Bendel Insurance, Edo Queens|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/01/14/okpebholo-unveils-new-management-teams-coaches-for-bendel-insurance-edo-queens/|accessdate=27 January 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==

* [[Peter Odemwingie]]
* [[Ambruse Vanzekin]]
* [[Julius Aghahowa]]
* [[Elderson Echiéjilé]]
* [[Olubayo Adefemi]]
* [[Bright Omokaro|Omokaro na-egbuke egbuke]]

== Edensibia ==

* [https://bendelinsurancefc.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị]
* [https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/bendel/pxviQfX7/results/ Nsonaazụ Bendel Insurance FC] - nsonaazụ ugbu a nke egwuregwu Bendel InsuranceFC
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  <page>
    <title>Bussdor United F.C.</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296071893|Bussdor United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Bussdor United''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dịbu na Port Harcourt mana ha na-egwuri egwu ugbu a na [[Òwèrè|Owerri]]. Ọ bụ otu n'ime klọb ole na ole na mba ahụ nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye nwere ma ọ bụghị gọọmentị steeti.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ọ bụ Oscar Igbokwe, onye isi oche nke Bussdor Group of Companies, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas, guzobere klọb ahụ.

Klọb ahụ si n'ọkwa onye na-amu amu gaa na ngalaba ọkachamara mbụ n'ime afọ anọ mbụ nke ntọala ha. Otú ọ dị, oge ha kacha &quot;ewu ewu&quot; bụ mgbe ha tụfuru nkwalite na Premier League na 2006. Na 12 August, ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke oge, Akwa United F.C. meriri Calabar Rovers ọkpụ 13-0 ka o nyere naanị goolu iri na abụọ. N'ihi nke a, Akwa jiri otu ọkpụ merie Bussdor. Bussdor rịọrọ maka nyocha nke egwuregwu ahụ, mana enweghị isi.

Na ngwụcha oge nke afọ 2010, e wepụrụ ha na Njikọ Amateur nke Naịjirịa na ndekọ nke mmeri anọ, njikọ ise na ọnwụ iri abụọ na otu, na-esetịpụ ndekọ ọhụrụ na mfu ebe ọ bụ na Njikụ Professional gara na usoro nkewa abụọ.

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Ȯra Imo]]
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    <title>Leslie Kaplan</title>
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        <username>Confidence24</username>
        <id>24524</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308157314|Leslie Kaplan]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

Leslie Kaplan (amụrụ n'afọ 1943) bụ onye edemede French nke Amerịka.[1]

A mụrụ ya na [[New York City]] ma tolite na Paris. Ọ gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma, akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà mmụta uche, ma rụọ ọrụ ruo afọ abụọ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Kaplan sonyere na ihe omume nke Mee 1968. O bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya na 1982 ''L'Excès-l'usine'', nke natara nkwado di mma site n'aka ndị edemede Marguerite Duras na Maurice Blanchot.&lt;ref name=&quot;humanite&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.humanite.fr/la-femme-du-jour-leslie-kaplan-636431|title=La femme du jour. Leslie Kaplan|date=May 23, 2017|work=L'Humanité|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Leslie Kaplan na [[New York City]] ma zụlite ya na France n'ezinụlọ ndị America, o dere na French. Ọ gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma, Psychology na [[Ákíkó mbu|History]]. N'oge ọ na-amụ ihe, o sonyere na mmegharị megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na ndị na-emegide ọchịchị megide agha Algeria na Vietnam. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka onye ọrụ &quot;Workbench&quot; site na Jenụwarị 1968 ma biri ndụ n'oge mmegharị nke Mee 68 n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe e ji arụ ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Leslie Kaplan, made in USA|url=https://www.liberation.fr/livres/2009/01/08/leslie-kaplan-made-in-usa_301036/|work=Libération|accessdate=2024-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe afọ 1982, o bipụtala akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ, edemede na ihe nkiri, ọkachasị na POL.

Akwụkwọ mbụ ya natara nkwado na otuto site n'aka Marguerite Duras na Maurice Blanchot.

A na-emegharị ọrụ ya ọtụtụ mgbe maka ikpo okwu (Claude Régy, Frédérique Lolliée, Élise Vigier, Marcial Di Fonzo Bo, wdg) a sụgharịkwara akwụkwọ ya n'asụsụ iri na abụọ.

Leslie Kaplan bụ onye so na board nke magazin ihe nkiri Trafic, nke Serge Daney guzobere.

== Ihe nrite ==
Na 2017, ọ natara ihe nrite site n'aka Société des gens de lettres iji gosi ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;humanite&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.humanite.fr/la-femme-du-jour-leslie-kaplan-636431|title=La femme du jour. Leslie Kaplan|date=May 23, 2017|work=L'Humanité|language=fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.humanite.fr/la-femme-du-jour-leslie-kaplan-636431 &quot;La femme du jour. Leslie Kaplan&quot;]. ''L'Humanité'' (in French). May 23, 2017.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Isi mmalite: &lt;ref name=&quot;sgdl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sgdl.org/223-presentation-des-personnes/3154-leslie-kaplan|title=Leslie Kaplan|publisher=Société des gens de lettres|language=fr|accessdate=2018-07-22|archivedate=2018-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723003613/https://www.sgdl.org/223-presentation-des-personnes/3154-leslie-kaplan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''L'Excès - l'usine'' (1982)
* ''Akwụkwọ nke Ciels'' (1983)
* ''Le Criminel'' (1985)
* ''Le Pont de Brooklyn'' (1987)
* ''L'Epreuve du passeur'' (1988)
* ''Le Silence du diable'' (1989)
* ''Les Mines de sel'' (1993)
* ''Depuis maintenant, Miss Ọ dịghị onye maara'' (1996)
* ''Ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma Les Prostituées'' (1997)
* ''Akwụkwọ Le Psychanalyste'' (1999)
* ''Les Amants de Marie'' (2002)
* ''Les Outils'' (2003)
* ''Ahụ ọkụ'' (2005)
* ''Toute ma vie j'ai été une femme'' (2008)
* ''Mon Amérique malitere na Pologne'' (2009)
* ''Louise, elle bụ folle'' (2011)
* ''Millefeuille'' (2012) nwetara Prix Wepler &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Actualite/Le-Prix-Wepler-a-Leslie-Kaplan-_NG_-2012-11-12-874844|title=Le Prix Wepler à Leslie Kaplan|date=November 12, 2012|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Déplace le ciel'' (2013)
* ''Mathias et la Révolution'' (2016)

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
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      <sha1>84ctj9fk28e7e7uuu2iqdo8zkfl1gri</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brigitte Jobbé-Duval</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637863</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T08:25:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Confidence24</username>
        <id>24524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1284091794|Brigitte Jobbé-Duval]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637863</origin>
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      <text bytes="904" sha1="ka3mtwy18fb5gzsfpdb3iub501f9q2t" xml:space="preserve">
'''Brigitte Jobbé-Duval''' bụ onye France na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọkà mmụta asụsụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pilleul2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Pilleul|first=Gilbert|title=Les Premiers Français Au Québec|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPK_s3vyCvYC&amp;pg=PA6|accessdate=28 April 2012|year=2008|publisher=Archives et Culture|isbn=978-2-35077-086-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Livres hebdo&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Livres hebdo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lUvAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=28 April 2012|year=2008|publisher=Éditions professionelles du livre}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya gụnyere ''Paris Chrétien en 600 Ajụjụ'' (1997), ''Le Livre des Porte-Bonheur'' (2009), ''Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux des Pyrénées-Atlantiques'' (2009), na ''Souvenirs de la Vie Quotidienne 1939-011939'' (2010) (cowritten)

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Soraya Nini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637866</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T08:38:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chiziqa</username>
        <id>13055</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310057731|Soraya Nini]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637866</origin>
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      <text bytes="1034" sha1="b1do1ynijcda43dcfv297fa30c5x3u6" xml:space="preserve">'''Soraya Nini''' bụ onye edemede Ils disent que je suis une beurette (1993). Emegharịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ a ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri, Samia, nke Philippe Faucon duziri na 2000.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Nini, Soraya. Achọghị ka ọ bụrụ nke beurette. Paris: Fixot, 1993.

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* Profaịlụ IMDB, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0632453/
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Nkọwapụta nke njirimara nwanyị na ọrụ Farida Belghoul, Ferrudja Kessas na Soraya Nini. &quot; Na Women's Writing in Contemporary France: New Writers, New Literatures in the 1990s. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. 130-141.
* &quot;Female Identity in Process in Soraya Nini's Ha na-ekwu na m bụ beurette&quot;. Modern and Contemporary France 6 (1998): 505-17.
* &quot;Radicalising Convention: Feminist Readings of Literature and Language in Soraya Nini's Ils disent que je suis une beurette&quot;. Na Gender and Identities in France 4 (1999): 63-71.
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nini, Soraya}}


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  <page>
    <title>Box2Box FC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637871</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T09:58:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352136306|Box2Box FC]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637871</origin>
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      <text bytes="1867" sha1="ki4flx9mweiwv7yy5vma99io9ilfcav" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Box2Box Football Academy &amp; Club
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2013
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ámá Egwuregwu
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Ihe Nketa Practise Pitch, National Stadium, Surulere, Lagos
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ndị nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Akeem Shira Yusuf &amp; Babatunde Ariyo Igbayilola
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Randy Reuben
|}
'''Box2Box FC''' bụ ebe mmepe nke nkà bọọlụ na klọb bọọlụ ndị ntorobịa nke dị na Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria, lekwasịrị anya na mmepe bọọlụ n'obodo ahụ. Klọb bọọlụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ usoro ọzụzụ bọọlụ ndị ntorobịa na ebumnuche nke ịkwadebe ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ nwere nkà maka ọrụ bọọlụ ọkachamara.

A na-ekwu na otu a anaghị eso n'egwuregwu ma ọ bụ asọmpi ọ bụla na Naịjirịa mana, ha na-elekwasị anya na ọzụzụ na ịzụlite nka iji kpughee ha n'ụwa egwuregwu bọọlụ.

== Ogwe aka ==

* Onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ - Randy Reuben
* Onye isi nchịkwa - Taofeek Omolayo

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==
Ọtụtụ aha na ndị egwuregwu ama ama agabigala ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ndepụta a gụnyere Tolu Arokodare bụ onye na-agba Super Eagles nke Nigeria na Wolverhampton Wanderers na Premier League nke Bekee. Ndị ọzọ bụ Rafiu Durosinmi bụ onye na-agba Pisa SC na Serie A.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Crown F.C.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637872</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T10:02:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316327493|Crown F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox football club||clubname=Crown|image=Crown_F.C_Nigeria_logo.svg|upright=0.9|alt=Crown F.C. logo|fullname=Crown Football Club|nickname=Ajilete Boys|founded=1994|ground=[[Lekan Salami Stadium]]|capacity=10,000|chairman=Mallam Bello Noah|manager=Oladunni Oyekale|league=[[Nigeria National League]]|season=|website={{URL|https://www.facebook.com/CrownFootballClubogbomoso}}|position=|pattern_b1=_bluestripes|leftarm1=324dd0|body1=fcd424|rightarm1=324dd0|shorts1=324dd0|socks1=fcd424|pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_unknown|pattern_ra2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF}}
Crown Football Club bụ otu klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ndị ọkachamara nke Naijiria nke dị na Ogbomosho, Oyo State, nke na-asọmpi na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa. Klọb ahụ na-egwu na Lekan Salami Stadium, nke nwere ike ịba mmadụ 10,000. Maka oge 2010-11 ha gbara egwuregwu ụfọdụ na Ilaro Stadium dị nso na Ogun State wee laghachi na 2012/2013 na Soun Stadium.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere ha na 1994 site n'aka Rev. Prọfesọ Yusuf Ameh Obaje, onye prọfesọ mahadum, pastọ na onye bụbu minista Olusegun Obasanjo. Ndị isi ha na-asọ mpi bụ ndị agbata obi Oyo Shooting Stars F.C. nke Ibadan. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ha abụọ bịara sie ike mgbe 3SC laghachiri na National League Nigeria na 2006. Na nzukọ 13 ruo 2011, 3SC nwere ndekọ 9-2-2. Crown nwetara nkwalite na Premier League maka oge mbụ mgbe ọ gụchara n'isi nke 2010 Division 1B. A chụpụrụ ha na National League ka otu oge gachara na naanị iri na otu meriri.

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==

* '''Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa: 1'''

:: 2009-10

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==

* [[Alexander Olasumbo Lawal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://emmzysportsportroom.webnode.com/l/meet-nnl-star-lawal-olasunmbo-alexande/|title=MEET NNL STAR LAWAL OLASUNMBO ALEXANDE :: Emmzysportsportroom|accessdate=2023-10-13|archivedate=2021-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303140249/https://emmzysportsportroom.webnode.com/l/meet-nnl-star-lawal-olasunmbo-alexande/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ibrahim Olanrewaju|Ibrahim Obayomi]]
* [[Abdulwaheed Afolabi]]
* [[Peter Godly Michael]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130922232459/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/home/131666-abia-warriors-fc-taraba-crown-join-giwa-in-glo-premier-league Abia, Taraba, Crown FC sonyeere Giwa na Glo Premier League (Nigerian Guardian)]
* [http://www.compassnews.net/Ng/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=32829:crown-fc-red-hot-for-pro-league&amp;catid=41:football&amp;Itemid=673 Crown FC red hot maka pro-league (http://www.compassnews.net)]  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229174955/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/sports/6088-crown-management-debunks-sack-story Crown Management Debunks Sack Story (29 Mee 2010)]
* [https://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/08/premier-league-newcomers-battle-for-nnl.html Ndị ọhụrụ Premier League Agha maka NNL Title]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Calabar Rovers FC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>637875</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T10:14:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307945469|Calabar Rovers F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>637875</origin>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Ndị Rọvar Calabar
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Calabar_Rovers_F.C._logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Klọb bọọlụ Calabar Rovers
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1976 (e guzobere ya ọzọ na 2008) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[U. J. Esuene Stadium]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |25,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Maurice Inok
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Bob Osim]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #0000ff;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}[[Calabar]] Rovers Football Club bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na Calabar . Ha na-egwu egwuregwu ha na [[U. J. Esuene Stadium]].

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1976. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of Calabar Rovers Football Club|url=https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=roversfc.sitesng.com|archivedate=2022-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209132045/https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Ngalaba nke Abụọ nke Naijiria nke e guzobere na 1979. N'okpuru onye nkuzi Brazil bụ Paulo Luiz Campos, ha nabatara ụdị ngwa ngwa ma bulie ha n'ọkwa mgbe ha mechara nke abụọ na 1981.

Ha nọrọ n'elu ụgbọ elu ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri tupu e wepụ ha na league dị ala na 1993. N'oge ahụ, ha mere ọkara ikpeazụ Iko FA Cup ugboro abụọ mana ha enwetaghị nnukwu otuto ọ bụla. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha bụ mmeri 13-0 na [[Akwa United F.C.|Akwa United]] na August 12, 2006. N'ịbụ ndị a mara ikpe ịlaghachi na Njikọ Amateur nke Nigeria, Rovers nwere ndị egwuregwu atọ a chụpụrụ na mgbawa nke nyere Akwa ohere ka a kwalite ya na Premier League site na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke otu. Rovers, n'aka nke ọzọ, gbasara mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị.

=== Ịlaghachi na Njikọ Naijiria ===
N'ime ọnwa Mee 2008, gọọmentị Cross River steeti kwupụtara atụmatụ ịtụte ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ site na nkwụsịtụ site na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ. Site na nkwado nke United Cement Company (UNICEM), ha bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na Dankat FC nke Kano maka nde naira iri na abụọ ka ha gwuo na 2008–09 Nigerian Premier League. Ebe ọ bụ na klọb ahụ na Dankat nwetakwara otu egwuregwu, ha na-egwu oge mbụ ha na Northern Division A. UNICEM gbara ọgbakọ ahụ maka oge ise na-esote. Maka akụkụ nke oge 2009, ha na-egwuri egwu na Uzo Township Stadium mgbe a na-arụzi Stadium Esuene maka 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

== Ndị njikwa ==

* [[Dorian Marin]] (2017-19) 
* [[Bob Osim]] (2019-) 

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417205915/http://www.brasileiroslafora.com.br/paulocampos.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị Paulo Campos] (echekwara na 17 Eprel 2008) 
* Calabar Rovers atụmatụ ịlọghachi (echekwara 31 Ọgọst 2021) 
* [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=090708&amp;ptitle=Rovers%20FC%20resurrects%20as%20Unicem-Rovers%20FC&amp;cpdate=090708 Rovers FC bilitere dị ka Unicem-Rovers FC]
* [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=010908&amp;ptitle=Rovers%20will%20bounce%20back,%20says%20Osim&amp;cpdate=010908 Rovers ga-alaghachi azụ, Osim na-ekwu] 
* &quot;Anyị kwesịrị isi ihe&quot;-Rovers (echekwara 22 February 2013) 
* [http://www.pioneerng.com/article.php?title=Unicem_Rovers_Defeat_Mighty_Jets&amp;id=3303 UNICEM Rovers meriri Mighty Jets]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Doma United F.C.</title>
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      <id>637879</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T10:55:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353118691|Doma United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Doma United
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Doma_United_F.C._logo.jpg|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Doma United Football Club
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha njirimara
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |''Agụ Savannah''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1994
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Pantami Stadium|Ogige Egwuregwu Pantami]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |12,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Suleiman Umar
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria Premier League|Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2023–24 Nigeria Professional Football League|2023–24]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nke iri na asatọ n'ime iri abụọ (nke e wepụrụ) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |domaunitedfc.com
|}
 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Doma United Football Club''' bụ klọb bọọlụ Naijiria nke dị na mpaghara Doma na [[Gombe]] . Kemgbe ọ nwetara nkwalite na 2022, klọb ahụ na-egwu na Nigeria Premier League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Doma United Reaffirm its commitment to playing in next season's NPFL|url=https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html|accessdate=2023-06-08|archivedate=2023-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526213911/https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Azubuike|first=Chima|date=2022-12-31|title=NPFL: Doma not pushovers, insists owner Umar|url=https://punchng.com/npfl-doma-not-pushovers-insists-owner-umar/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=[[The Punch]]|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1994 wee nọrọ ọtụtụ oge na asọmpi ndị dị ala tupu ọ nweta nkwalite na Premier League na 2022.

Ha gụchara 5th na Group B na oge izizi ha n'ọkwa elu, na-efunarị na super six.

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==
Ndepụta ndị otu maka oge 2023-24. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players|title=First team players|work=domaunitedfc|accessdate=8 June 2023|archivedate=17 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717054204/https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players/}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Nigerian Premier League}}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/doma-united/Eq7PxH3d/results/ Nsonaazụ Doma United FC] - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Doma United FC
[[Otú:Ȯra Gombe]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dalhatu United F.C.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75814</id>
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      <id>637880</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T10:58:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296071902|Dalhatu United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Football club infobox||clubname=Dalhatu United|image=|fullname=|nickname=|founded=|ground=[[Sardauna Memorial Stadium]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gusau]], [[Nigeria]]|capacity=5,000|chairman=Alhaji A.A. Master|manager=Abdulkadir Mu'azu|league=[[Nigeria National League]]|season=2008/09}}
 
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Dalhatu United
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Sardauna Memorial Stadium[[Gusau]], Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |5,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Alhaji A.A. Master
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Abdulkadir Mu'azu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|}
'''Dalhatu United Football Club''' bụ ụlọ egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa hiwere isi na Gusau, Zamfara State. Ha na-agba n'ọkwa abụọ nke egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara na Naịjirịa, Nigeria National League.

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/weekend/sport1392008.html]
[[Otú:Ȯra Zamfara]]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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