Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 12372 655790 640469 2026-06-14T18:46:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:2012 Gloria Allred.jpg|thumb|2012 Gloria Allred.jpg]] '''Gloria Rachel Allred''' ( ''née'' '''Bloom''' ; amuru Julaị 3, 1941) bụ onye ọka iwu America ama ama maka iwere ikpe ndi nwere ọkwa dị elu na nke na-enwekarị arụmụka, ọkachasị ndị metụtara nchekwa ikike ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="aboutga">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gloriaallred.com/CM/Custom/TOCAbout.asp|title=About Gloria Allred|year=2009|work=Official website|publisher=gloriaallred.com|accessdate=2009-12-05|archivedate=2013-02-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204031019/http://www.gloriaallred.com/CM/Custom/TOCAbout.asp}}</ref> Ewebatala ya n'otu ezumezu ụmụ nwanyị mba . <ref>[https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/gloria-allred-2/ National Women's Hall of Fame, Gloria Allred]</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == [[Usòrò:Women's March LA 2019 (46806113091).jpg|thumb|Gloria Allred]] A mụrụ Gloria Rachel Bloom na Philadelphia n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnwa Julaị 3, 1941. Nna ya, Morris, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/hello-im-attorney-gloria-allred1/|title=Hello, I'm Attorney Gloria Allred Los Angeles Magazine|date=1 January 2012}}</ref> <ref>https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:24WQ-357</ref> rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa; nne ya nke onye Britain mụrụ, Stella, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/search/search/record/results?count=20&query=+givenname:Morris~++surname:Bloom~++birth_place:Pennsylvania~++birth_year:1900-1902~|title=FamilySearch|work=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> bụ onye nwe ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Neil|first=Ann|title=Lawyer grilling Cosby 'goes after guys who hurt women'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/09/us/bill-cosby-gloria-allred-deposition/index.html|accessdate=October 9, 2015|work=CNN|date=October 9, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Philadelphia High School for Girls, ọ gara Mahadum Pennsylvania, ebe ọ zutere di mbụ ya, Peyton Huddleston Bray Jr. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere otu nwa ha, Lisa Bloom, na September 20, 1961, ma gbaa alụkwaghịm obere oge ka e mesịrị. Bloom bụkwa onye ọka iwu ma bụrụ onye a kacha mara amara dị ka onye bụbu arịlịka TV nke ụlọ ikpe. <ref name="Avenger">{{Cite news|title=The Avenger|author=Winer|first=Laurie|date=June 20, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/fashion/20ALLRED.html?hp=&pagewanted=all|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref> Gloria Bloom na ndị mụrụ ya laghachiri ọ wee gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 1963, ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na bekee, wee gụchaa ya n'ogogo nzere dị elu. N'agbanyeghi mkpesa siri ike sitere n'aka prọfesọ ya, o dere akwụkwọ akụkọ nsọpụrụ ya na ndị ode akwụkwọ isi ojii. E were ya n'ọrụ ọtụtụ oge tupu o kpebie ịghọ onye nkuzi, na-ewere ọnọdụ na Benjamin Franklin High School. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na nzere ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum New York, bụ ebe ọ nwere mmasị na mmegharị ikike obodo. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara ugo mmụta Master, ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi, n'afọ 1966, ọ kwagara Los Angeles, ebe o biri na Watts. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'otu ndị nkuzi Los Angeles wee kuziere na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Jordan na ụlọakwụkwọ Fremont High School. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, ọ kọwara otú, n'oge ezumike na Acapulco na 1966, e dinara ya n'ike. <ref>Allred 2006, p. 17</ref> Ọ chọpụtara na ọ dị ime wee chọọ ite ime. Ite ime bụ ihe iwu na-akwadoghị n'oge ahụ, yabụ Allred gara n'iru ite ime na nzuzo Mgbe ọ gabigasịrị usoro ahụ, ọ malitere ịgba ọbara ma bute ọrịa ahụ, gbakere naanị mgbe ọ gasịrị ụlọ ọgwụ. <ref>Allred 2006, p. 18</ref> Ọ kọghị akụkọ banyere ndịna ahụ edinara ya n'ike, o kwuru na ọ kweghị ekwu maka ya, n'ihi na o cheghị na onye ọ bụla ga-ekwere ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Neill|first=Ann|title=The lawyer behind the accusers: Gloria Allred is a girl's best friend|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/10/05/celebrity.lawyer.allred/|work=CNN|date=October 1, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/10/05/celebrity.lawyer.allred/|title=The lawyer behind the accusers: Gloria Allred is a girl's best friend|first=Ann|author=O'Neill|work=CNN}}</ref> Na 1968, ọ lụrụ William Allred. Ọ debanyere aha na Southwwwest University School of Law ma e mesịa wega ya na Loyola University School of Law na Loyola Marymount University na Los Angeles. Allred gụsịrị akwụkwọ e wee nabata ya na State Bar of California na 1975. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.calbar.ca.gov/search/member_detail.aspx?x=65033|title=The State Bar of California: Gloria Rachel Allred|year=2009|accessdate=5 December 2009}}</ref> Allred gbara di ya alụkwaghịm na 1987, na-ejigide aha alụmdi na nwunye ya. <ref name="divorce_LATimes">{{Cite news|first=Scott|author=Harris|title=Sparks Fly in Allred vs. Allred|date=1992-02-26|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1992-02-26/local/me-2875_1_bill-allred|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2010-09-17}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ikpe === N'ime ọrụ iwu nke werela afọ iri anọ, Allred nọchitere anya ndị dị iche iche bụ ndị metụtara iyi egwu mmekọahụ, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, nkwụsị na-ezighi ezi, na ịkpa ókè ọrụ . ''New Republic'' akpọọla ya "onye nwe ogologo oge nke nnọkọ mgbasa ozi". <ref name="JRosen">{{Cite news|author=Rosen|first=Jeffrey|title=The Very Private Jill Kelley|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/112206/jill-kelley-interview-david-petraeus-pen-pal-crusader|work=New Republic|date=January 27, 2013}}</ref> Ọ na-emekarị okwu ikpe dị elu, na-eji ogbako ndị nta akụkọ na ihe ngosi na telivishọn nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu. Allred anọchiwo anya ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'ikpe gụnyere ndị metụtara Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee, Arnold Schwarzenegger, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yuricareport.com/California/RhondaMillerComplaint.pdf|title=Miller v. Schwarzenegger complaint|accessdate=2012-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417094430/http://www.yuricareport.com/California/RhondaMillerComplaint.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-17}}</ref> Herman Cain, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/11/gloria-allred-a-career-in-press-conferences.html|title=Gloria Allred: A Career in Press Conferences|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|date=Nov 8, 2011}}</ref> David Boreanaz, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2010/07/22/david-boreanaz-gloria-allred-sexual-harassment-lawsuit-actress-kristina-hagan/|title=David Boreanaz Sued for Sexual Harassment|date=July 22, 2010|accessdate=2011-06-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2011/03/30/david-boreanaz-settles-sexual-harassment-lawsuit-kristina-hagan-actresss-gloria-allred-fox-settlement-marty-singer/|title=David Boreanaz Settles Sexual Harassment Lawsuit|date=March 30, 2011|accessdate=2011-06-08}}</ref> Scott Lee Cohen, <ref name="sweet">{{Cite news|first=Lynn|author=Sweet|title=Scott Lee Cohen not fit to serve as Illinois lt. governor, ex-girlfriend says through Gloria Allred|date=2010-02-07|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2010/02/scott_lee_cohen_not_fit_to_ser.html|work=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=2010-09-04}}</ref> Anthony Weiner, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-weiner-pornstar-idUSTRE75E3N820110615|title=Porn star says Representative Weiner asked her to lie|publisher=reuters.com|accessdate=2011-06-15|date=2011-06-15}}</ref> Sacha Baron Cohen, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sweetingham|first=Lisa|title=Etiquette expert is latest to lash out at 'Borat' creator, claiming humiliation|publisher=[[Court TV]]|url=http://www.courttv.com/people/2006/1116/borat_ctv.html|accessdate=2006-11-17}}</ref> Esai Morales, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/24/AR2007072400512.html|title=Morales Denies Ex-Girlfriend's Claims|work=Washington Post|accessdate=2018-11-26|date=2007-07-24}}</ref> na R Kelly . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cydney Henderson|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2019/03/10/gloria-allred-reveals-third-rkelly-underage-sex-tape/3123618002/|title=Gloria Allred reveals she's given investigators what looks like a third R. Kelly sex tape|work=USA Today|accessdate=2019-03-19|date=2019-03-10}}</ref> ==== 1970 na 1980s ==== [[Usòrò:President Ronald Reagan Greeting Recipient Gloria Allred at 1986 President'S Volunteer Action Award Luncheon in The East Room - DPLA - 185f9e649e3f2f10f125be60c147b823.jpg|thumb| Allred na President Ronald Reagan na 1986]] [[Usòrò:Norma_McCorvey_(Jane_Roe)_and_her_lawyer_Gloria_Allred_on_the_steps_of_the_Supreme_Court,_1989_(32936173946).jpg|thumb| Allred (n'aka nri) ya na Norma McCorvey ("Jane Roe" na ''Roe v.'' ''Wade'' ), 1989]] Allred hiwere ụlọ ọrụ Allred, Maroko, & Goldberg ya na ndị ibe ya gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Loyola bu Michael Maroko na Nathan Goldberg na Jenụwarị 1976. <ref>[[Gloria Allred#Allred|Allred 2006]], p. 19</ref> N'afọ 1979, Allred nọchitere anya ụmụaka asaa na ndị mụrụ ha n'ikpe megidere Sav-On Drugstore iji kwụsị ụlọ ahịa ahụ imepụta ngalaba dị iche maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ agbọghọ ebe ha na-ere ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/684960412.html?dids=684960412:684960412&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+22%2C+1980&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Sav-On+to+Stop+Designating+Its+Toys+for+Boys+or+Girls&pqatl=google|title=Sav-On to Stop Designating Its Toys for Boys or Girls|work=Los Angeles Times|date=November 22, 1980|accessdate=2013-01-30|archivedate=2013-02-16|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130216161656/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/684960412.html?dids=684960412:684960412&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+22,+1980&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Sav-On+to+Stop+Designating+Its+Toys+for+Boys+or+Girls&pqatl=google}}</ref> Na 1981, mgbe Senator nke steeti California John G. Schmitz nọ na-ahụ maka ikpe a na-ekwu maka iwu ite ime, Allred nyere ya eriri nke ịdị ọcha . Schmitz megwara na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi, na-akpọ ya "onye ọka iwu na-egbu egbu". Ọ gbara ya akwụkwọ maka nkwutọ, ma mechaa nweta $20,000 na ịrịọ mgbaghara. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-22/news/mn-16808_1_schmitz|title=Sorry! : Gloria Allred Wins $20,000, Public Apology From Ex-Sen. Schmitz for '81 Press Release|accessdate=2012-03-09|work=Los Angeles Times|author=Murphy|first=KIM}}</ref> N'afọ 1985, Allred, ya na Catharine MacKinnon, depụtara mbipụta nke Iwu ikike ikike obodo maka Antipornography maka Mpaghara Los Angeles. Iwu ahụ agaghị agafe Board of Supervisors nke Los Angeles County . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Connell|first=Rich.|title=County to explore adoption of tough pornography law|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 27, 1985}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-91037-8|author=Duggan|first=Lisa|title=Sex Wars: Sexual Dissent And Political Culture|year=1995|url=https://archive.org/details/sexwarssexualdis0000dugg}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=1D3XL7n5MW4C&lpg=PA250&pg=PA250#v=onepage&q=&f=false p 250].</ref> Na 1987, Allred weghaara ụlọ ọgbakọ Friars nke Beverly Hills mgbe ahụ, otu ụlọ ọgbakọ pụrụiche, maka amụma ịkpa oke onye otu ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/28/nyregion/woman-denied-admittance-at-friars-club-files-complaint.html|title=Woman, Denied Admittance at Friars Club, Files Complaint|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=Nov 28, 1987|first=Sarah|author=Lyall}}</ref> Ndị Friars Club mechara kwe Allred na ụmụ nwanyị ise ndị ọzọ ka ha jiri ụlọ ọrụ ahụike klọb, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1988-05-21/local/me-3187_1_health-facilities|title=Friars Agree to Let Women Use Health Facilities|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=May 21, 1988|first=Kenneth|author=Reich}}</ref> ka Allred gosipụtara nkà mbụ n'iji usoro mgbasa ozi dị irè. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bigthink.com/ideas/20858|title=Integrating the Friars Club: Interview with Gloria Allred|work=[[Big Think]]|date=July 13, 2010}}</ref> ==== Afọ 1990 ==== Allred dere akwụkwọ ozi zigara otu Kọmitii Ethics nke Senate na 1992 na-arịọ ha ka ha nyochaa omume nke Oregon Senator Bob Packwood, bụ onye bụbu isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nke na-akọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iyi egwu mmekọahụ. Ọ nọgidere na-arụgide Kọmitii ahụ ma gbaa Packwood ume ka o wepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. Kọmiti ahụ mesịrị kwuo na a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ, o wee gbaa arụkwaghịm. <ref>[[Gloria Allred#Allred|Allred 2006]], pp. 56–60</ref> N'afọ 1983, Allred nọchitere anya ndị na-akwado nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị Deborah Johnson na Zandra Rolón na ikpe ha megide onye nwe ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Los Angeles, Papa Choux, mgbe ọ gọnarị ọrụ ha n'ụlọ ntu edoro maka "ndị di na nwunye na-enwe mmasị n'anya". <ref>[[Jet (magazine)]], Apr 16, 1984, Vol. 66, No. 6, p. 38</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makinggayhistory.com/podcast/deborah-johnson-zandra-rolon-amato/|title=Deborah Johnson & Zandra Rolón Amato|work=Making Gay History|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-15}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ikpe dị ala gọnarịrị iwu abụọ ahụ dabere na ịkpa ókè iwu na-akwadoghị, ụlọikpe mkpegharị ikpe kagburu mkpebi ahụ na ''Rolon v.'' ''Kulwitzky'' (1984), a chọpụtara na omume ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ bụ ịkpa ókè amachibidoro n'okpuru koodu obodo Los Angeles. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/california/court-of-appeal/3d/153/289.html|title=Rolon v. Kulwitzky (1984)|work=Justia Law|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-15}}</ref> Kama ijere ndị di na nwunye LGBT ozi, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ kpebiri ikpochapụ ụlọ ntu ndị ahụ kpamkpam, wee wepụta mgbasa ozi akwụkwọ akụkọ na-akpọ ọha na eze na mmemme "Wake for Romance". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Papa Choux Serves Black Crepe at 'Wake for Romance'|author=Harvey|first=Steve|date=May 25, 1984|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Na 1995, Allred nọchitere anya Katrina Yeaw dị afọ iri na otu na ''Yeaw v.'' ''Boy Scouts nke America'', n'ikpe megide Boy Scouts nke America iji chọpụta ma nzukọ a enwere ikike ịwepụ ụmụ agbọghọ na otu. <ref>[[Gloria Allred#Allred|Allred 2006]], pp. 117–121</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ nọchitere anya ezinụlọ Nicole Brown Simpson n'oge ikpe igbu ọchụ nke OJ Simpson . N'August 1997, ọ nọchitere anya onye na-eme ihe nlereanya Kelly Fisher <ref name="latimes 1997">{{Cite news|title=Model Sues Princess Di's Rumored Beau for Jilting Her|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1997-08-15|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1997/aug/15/local/me-22612|accessdate=2018-03-06|author=O'Neill|first=ANN W.}}</ref> mgbe ọ gbara Dodi Fayed akwụkwọ maka ebubo na ha mebiri njikọ ha iji malite mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya na Diana, Adaeze nke obodo Wales . Ewepụrụ ikpe ahụ obere oge ka Diana na Fayed nwụsịrị na Paris na Ọgọst ahụ.  Allred nọchitere anya ''Melrose Place'' onye na-eme ihe nkiri Hunter Tylo na 1997 mgbe onye na-emepụta ihenkiri Aaron Spelling chụrụ ya n'ọrụ n'ihi na ọ dị ime. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amglaw.com/CM/Custom/TOCSignificantCases.asp|title=Significant Cases|year=2009|publisher=Allred, Maroko & Goldberg|accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Ndị juri nyere Tylo nde $4.8&nbsp; Okwu ahụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite ikike nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha dị ime. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Pous|first=Terri|title=A History of Gloria Allred's High-Profile Clients: Hunter Tylo|url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/11/09/a-history-of-gloria-allreds-high-profile-clients/slide/hunter-tylo/|work=Time|date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> ==== 2000s ==== Mgbe onye na-abụ abụ [[Michael Jackson]] jidere nwa ya nwoke n'elu mbara ihu ụlọ nkwari akụ na Berlin na 2002, Allred degara akwụkwọ ozi na California's Child Protective Services, na-arịọ maka nyocha maka nchekwa nke ụmụ Jackson, ma kwuo okwu na CNN banyere isiokwu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/05/25/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main697721_page2.shtml|title=Victims' Rights Lawyer: TV Fixture|accessdate=2006-11-11|work=[[CBS News]]|date=May 25, 2002}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya Jordan Chandler obere oge na 1993 onye nna ya boro Jackson ebubo maka mmetọ mmekọahụ. Allred nọchitekwara anya Daniel Kapon dị afọ iri na asatọ onye kwuru na Jackson megburu ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Achụpụrụ ikpe Kapon maka na nna Kapon kwadoro na Kapon ahụtụbeghị Jackson. <ref>[[Gloria Allred#Allred|Allred 2006]], p. 256</ref> Jackson, bụ onye ndụmọdụ kwuru na ọ nwere ike ịbụ ntakịrị paranoid, kọrọ na ọ debere "ndepụta onye iro" nke aha Allred pụtara na ya nakwa Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, Uri Geller, music executive Tommy Mottola, DA Tom Sneddon, na Janet Arvizo, nne nke onye na-ebo Jackson ebubo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5476786|title=Uri Geller, Shmuley Boteach are on Michael Jackson's 'list of enemies'|work=Haaretz|date=September 18, 2009|accessdate=March 23, 2022|archivedate=December 4, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204151648/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5476786}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị na 2002, Allred nọchitere anya ezinụlọ Gwen Araujo, onye transgender na-eto eto bụ onye e gburu n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ mgbe a chọpụtara na e kenyere ya nwoke mgbe a mụrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Man Given 11 Years in Gwen Araujo's Death|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/26/local/me-sentence26|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 26, 2006}}</ref> Na 2004, Allred nọchitere anya Amber Frey mgbe Frey bụ onye akaebe na ikpe mpụ megide Scott Peterson . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/12/DDGMM85P791.DTL|title=Holding news conferences to announce nothing, Gloria Allred champions her clients' right to privacy|author=Hartlaub|first=Peter|date=2004-08-12|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Na February 24, 2004, Allred na ụlọ ọrụ iwu ya, Allred, Maroko, na Goldberg, gbara akwụkwọ ikpe mbụ na California na-agbagha ịgọnarị akwụkwọ ikike alụmdi na nwunye maka ndị di na nwunye na-edina onwe, ha Na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe iwu na- akwadoghị . O were ikpe pro bono maka Robin Tyler na Diane Olson na Rev. Troy Perry na nwunye ya Phillip Ray De Blieck. Ikpe ahụ gara Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke California, bụ ebe na May 15, 2008 ọ meriri mkpebi na-akwado ikike nke ndị ụmụ nwoke ịlụ onwe ha ma ọ bụ nwanyị ịlụ onwe ha na California. <ref>{{Cite web|title=We Won! California Supreme Court Rules for Same Sex Marriage|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/we-won-california-supreme-court-rules-for-same-sex-marriage-57254917.html|work=PR News Wire|publisher=PR News Wire|accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya mmadụ atọ bụbu ndị ọrụ Circuit City n'aha otu nnukwu ndị gbara akwụkwọ na ikpe ịkpa ókè afọ megide ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mgbe ọ chụrụ ndị ọrụ dị mmadụ puku atọ na narị anọ na Eprel 2007. Na mkpesa e mere na March 2008 megide TSA, Allred nọchitere anya onye ahịa nke e nyere ngwa ọrụ ma gwa ya ka ọ wepụ mgbanaka ọnụ ọnụ ya na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Lubbock, Texas. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/28/nipple.ring/index.html|work=CNN|title=Nipple ring search procedures faulty, TSA admits|date=2008-03-28|accessdate=2010-05-03}}</ref> N'April 2008, a kọrọ na ọ bụ ezinụlọ nke onye ntorobịa dị afọ iri na ụma nke ụmụ ntorobịa dị afọ iri na uma na Florida tiri ihe ma see ya n'onyonyo goro ya ọrụ. Ọ pụtakwara na ''Taa'' na Jessica Gibson, bụ onye na-emegide Rob Lowe maka iyi egwu mmekọahụ. Na Julaị 30, 2008, Allred na ndị na-ahụ maka gọọmentị etitigbara akwụkwọ mkpesa megide Downey Savings and Loan Association gbasara usoro nlele ego. Marc Retmier, onye dị afọ 19 na-elekọta ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha mmiri US, nwụrụ na Afghanistan na June 2008. Downey Savings jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ ozugbo maka ego ọnwụ ndị agha nke ezinụlọ ya, a manyere ndị ezinaụlọ ya ịchọ ego ebe ọzọ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ọrụ olili ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-retmier1-2008aug01,0,1879814.story|work=Los Angeles Times|title=Bank's inaction compounds grief for family of Navy hospitalman killed in Afghanistan|date=2008-08-01|accessdate=2010-05-03|first=David|author=Kelly}}</ref> Na May 2009, Allred gbara akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na Nadya Suleman na-erigbu ụmụ asatọ ya. Allred rịọrọ maka onye nlekọta ụlọikpe họpụtara, na-ekwu na Suleman anaghị echeba echiche nke ọma maka ọdịmma ha. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Octomom Nadya Suleman sued by celeb lawyer Gloria Allred for exploiting her babies|work=N.Y. Daily News|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/octomom-nadya-suleman-sued-celeb-lawyer-gloria-allred-exploiting-babies-article-1.372624}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba nke otu afọ ahụ, Rachel Uchitel gọrọ Allred ọrụ ka ndị mgbasa ozi boro ebubo na Uchitel na onye golfer Tiger Woods onye lugoro nwanyị na-akpakọrịta. <ref name="Uchitel">{{Cite news|first=Jacqui|author=Goddard|title=Tiger Woods remaining tight-lipped over early-hours crash|date=2009-11-30|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/golf/article6937050.ece|work=The Times|accessdate=2009-12-04}}</ref> Allred nọchikwara anya Joslyn James, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na- akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na onye eboro ebubo na ọ bụ ọyi nwanyị Woods. <ref name="Uchitel and James 2010">{{Cite news|first=Sheila|author=Marikar|title=Gloria Allred: Tiger Woods's True Opponent?|date=2010-04-06|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/gloria-allred-tiger-woods-true-opponent/story?id=10291845|work=ABC News|accessdate=2010-04-08}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2010 ==== Na May 14, 2010, na nnọkọ akụkọ nwere n'ọfis Allred, onye na-eme ihe nkiri England bụ Charlotte Lewis boro ebubo na onye nduzi Roman Polanski mere ya ihe ike nke mmekọahụ n'ụlọ Paris ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii. <ref name="Avenger"/> <ref name="AFP-2010-05-14">"[https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20100514/ts_alt_afp/entertainmentusfilmpolanskipeople;_ylt=AniBbx_MfnA7jcjX73ntUdSs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTQ2b2ZmZDUxBGFzc2V0A2FmcC8yMDEwMDUxNC9lbnRlcnRhaW5tZW50dXNmaWxtcG9sYW5za2lwZW9wbGUEY2NvZGUDbW9zdHBvcHVsYXIEY3BvcwM4BHBvcwM1BHB0A2hvbWVfY29rZQRzZWMDeW5faGVhZGxpbmVfbGlzdARzbGsDcm9tYW5wb2xhbnNr Roman Polanski hit by fresh sex allegations]", AFP, May 14, 2010.</ref> Na June 2010, Debrahlee Lorenzana, onye bụbu onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ nke dọtara mmasị ọha na eze mgbe o kwuchara na a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ n'ihi na ọ mara mma nke ukwuu. <ref name="Avenger" /> N'August 2010, Allred nọchitere anya Jodie Fisher, onye ebubo iyi egwu mmekọahụ ya gosipụtara mmebi iwu ego-akaụntụ nke mere ka CEO nke HP Mark Hurd gbaa ọrụ arukwaghim. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/08/09/MNLM1ER43U.DTL|title=Jodie Fisher says her claim toppled CEO of HP|publisher=Sfgate.com|date=2010-08-09|accessdate=2010-09-17|first=Benny|author=Evangelista}}</ref> Ahụrụ Allred na 2010 California gubernatorial, na-aga n'ihu ọha dị ka onye ọka iwu maka Nicky Diaz, onye bụbu onye ọrụ ụlọ maka Republican nominee Meg Whitman . Allred rụrụ ụka na Whitman were Diaz n'ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ ebe ọ maara na Diaz bụ onye mbata na-enweghị akwụkwọ. <ref name="go">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/attorney-gloria-allred-promises-prove-whitman-knew-housekeeper/story?id=11765470|title=Gloria Allred Releases Social Security Letter With Husband's Writing On It - ABC News|work=ABC News|accessdate=2015-04-13|date=October 2010}}</ref> Na Eprel 27, 2011, Allred pụtara na ogbako ndị nta akụkọ ya na ezinụlọ Justin Quinn, bụ ndị na-ekwu na-eyiri ya egwu na egwuregwu baseball nke San Francisco Giants site n'aka onye nchịkwa Braves akpọrọ Roger McDowell . Quinn jụrụ na McDowell na-ekwu okwu mkparị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na iji ihe eji agba baseball na-eme ka omume mmekọahụ n'ihu ụmụ ya nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/04/28/BALF1J8UPH.DTL|date=28 April 2011|author=Bulwa|first=Demian|title=Atlanta Braves coach apologizes for profane slurs|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/05/01/BA411J9S1D.DTL|date=1 May 2011|first=Phillip|author=Matier|title=Roger McDowell rant: Allred hits one out of park|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> N'October 18, 2011, Allred nwetara nkwado ụlọ ikpe iji nọchite anya mmadụ itoolu ndị na-echere mmadu mmanya 'cocktail' bu ndị a chụrụ n'ọrụ ha na Resorts Casino Hotel na Atlantic City, New Jersey n'ihi ha "adịghị mma nke ọma" na uwe ọhụrụ emere dika Flapper nke afọ 1920 gasịrị. ekike. Ebe ntụrụndụ achọọla igbochi Allred na ikpe ịkpa oke, na-arụ ụka n'akwụkwọ ụlọikpe na "agụụ ya na-egbuke egbuke na isi okwu" agaghị etinye ihe ọ bụla na ikpe ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/atlantic_city/celebrity-attorney-gloria-allred-wins-fight-to-represent-former-resorts/article_12d4b58e-ff70-11e0-a64a-001cc4c03286.html|title=Celebrity attorney Gloria Allred wins fight to represent former Resorts cocktail servers|work=[[Press of Atlantic City]]|author=Wittkowski|first=Donald|date=26 Oct 2011|accessdate=2011-11-07}}</ref> Na Machị 9, 2012, Allred kpọrọ oku ka e nyocha ma a ga-agba onye na-elekọta redio Rush Limbaugh akwụkwọ na Florida n'okpuru iwu nke narị afọ (19th Century) nke megidere “iji obi ọjọọ na-ekwu na [nwanyị ọ bụla] chọrọ ịdị ọcha” maka okwu mkparị o kwuru gbasara Sandra Fluke., onye gbara akaebe n'ihu House Democrats ịkwado maka ịchịkwa ọmụmụ n'efu. Allred kwuru, sị: "Mr. Limbaugh lekwasịrị anya mwakpo ya na nwa akwụkwọ na-eto eto bụ onye na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ikike ya ịgba akaebe n'ihu nzuko banyere otu ihe dị ezigbo mkpa nye ọtụtụ nde ụmụ nwanyị America nakwa ọ kparịrị ya. . . . O kwesịrị ịta ahụhụ nke omume ya n’ụzọ ọ bụla bara uru.” Allred anọchighị anya Fluke ma ọ bụ nwee kọntaktị na ya n'oge okwu ya ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọkàiwu azaghị arịrịọ maka ikwu okwu. <ref>Lee, MJ. [http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/73829.html "Gloria Allred seeks Rush Limbaugh prosecution"] Politico. March 9, 2012.</ref> N'afọ 2012, Allred weere ikpe nke Jenna Talackova, nwanyị nke amụrụ dika nwoke,onye Canada nke na-agbagha nwepu ewepuru ya na Miss Universe Canada pageant n'ihi na ọ bụghị nwanyị "amụrụ n'ụzọ nkịtị". <ref name="talackova">[http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/04/03/jenna-talackova-donald-trump-miss-universe-canada/ "Jenna Talackova—armed with a high-profile lawyer—fires back at Miss Universe Canada"]. ''[[National Post]]'', April 3, 2012.</ref> Òtù Miss Universe mechara gbanwee mkpebi ya tupu ikpe ahụ aga n'ụlọ ikpe. <ref name="talackova" /> Na June 2012 Allred kwadoro na ọ na-anọchite anya onye bubu enyi nwanyị nke Rudy Eugene, Eugene bụ onye nwụrụ anwụ ugbu a, riri anụ ahụ mmadụ n'ihe omume nke 2012 Miami cannibalism . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Attorney Gloria Allred Now Connected To Causeway Cannibal Case|url=http://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/06/02/attorney-gloria-allred-now-connected-to-causeway-cannibal-case/|work=CBS Miami|date=June 2, 2012}}</ref> Na October 4, 2013, e goro Allred ọrụ site n'aka nwunye nke onye merụrụ ahụ ọgba tum tum ọgba tum tum aha ya bu Edwin Mieses, onye Alexian Lien gbapụrụ n'oge Hollywood Stuntz òtù wakpo . Lien ji SUV ya gbafere Mieses ka ndị Miese na ndị otu ọgba tum tum ya nọ na-agba Lien gburugburu ma yie egwu na Manhattan's West Side Highway. Ndị ya na ha na-agba ígwè mechara jide Lien ma wakpo ya. Allred gwara ndị nta akụkọ na Mieses, onye merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ azụ na ụkwụ abụọ gbajiri agbaji, bụ "onye aka ya dị ọcha" nke na-anwa ime ka ọnọdụ ahụ kwụsị. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Injured Biker's Wife and Gloria Allred Say He Is 'Innocent Victim'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/injured-bikers-wife-gloria-allred-innocent-victim/story?id=20467895|work=ABC news|date=October 4, 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Allred nọchiri anya opekata mpe ụmụ nwanyị iri abụọ na asatọ na-ebo Bill Cosby ebubo maka mwakpo mmekọahụ, iyi egwu mmekọahụ, nakwa omume rụrụ arụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ nọchitekwara anya ụmụ nwanyị atọ na-ebo Donald Trump ebubo mmejọ mmekọahụ - nkwupụta nke Trump gọnarịrị, na nke mbụ malitere n'oge mkpọsa onyeisi oche nke Trump na 2016. . Ọ nọc6.[2]. anya ụmụ nwanyị atọ na-ebo Donald Trump ebubo mmejọ mmekọahụ - nkwupụta nke Trump gọnarịrị, na nke mbụ malitere n'oge mkpọsa onyeisi oche nke Trump na 2016.<ref name="TrumpSuits">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/woman-accuses-donald-trump-sexual-misconduct-allred-responds/story?id=42989599|title=Another Woman Accuses Donald Trump of Sexual Misconduct; Allred Responds to Lawsuit Threat|date=22 October 2016|accessdate=23 October 2016|author=Schabner|first=Dean|work=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> Na 2017, onye bụbu onye ahịa Allred Kyle Hunter gbara akwụkwọ mkpesa gọọmentị ya na State Bar of California na District of Columbia Bar, na-ebo ebubo esemokwu nke mmasị n'ihi na Allred nọ na mkparita uka ya na CBS n'otu oge ahụ ọ nọchiri anya ya na ikpe megide CBS maka ikpa oke ọrụ. <ref name="KyleHunter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/the-wrap/article/Gloria-Allred-Under-Investigation-by-California-11740820.php|title=Gloria Allred Under Investigation by California, D.C. Bars|author=Seager|first=Susan|work=SFGate|quote=Allred confirmed in a statement that she is being investigated by both the District of Columbia Bar and the California State Bar based on the same complaint by her former client, Los Angeles weather reporter Kyle Hunter.|date=August 7, 2017|accessdate=July 7, 2018|archivedate=July 7, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707230828/https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/the-wrap/article/Gloria-Allred-Under-Investigation-by-California-11740820.php}}</ref> Allred wepụtara nkwupụta na-agọnahụ mmejọ ọ bụla ma na-ekwu na nyocha ahụ sitere na mbọ ịpụnara mmadụ n'ike dara ada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/gloria-allred-says-reports-misconduct-were-sparked-by-extortion-attempt-990502|title=Gloria Allred Says Reports of Misconduct Were Sparked by Extortion Attempt|quote=Allred's record on the bar's website shows no history of discipline—something she also noted in her statement. "I have a spotless record with the State Bar in the more than 40 years that I have been an attorney," says Allred. "I have no intention of allowing anyone to harm my reputation by making allegations against me which have no merit."|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=2017-03-31|accessdate=2017-10-11}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 11, 2017, Allred nwere ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ na-anọchite anya onye ahịa ya bụ Beverly Young Nelson ka o kwuru nkwupụta gbasara mwakpo mmekọahụ nke Roy Moore mere mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/13/politics/gloria-allred-roy-moore-alabama/index.html|title=Woman accuses Moore of sexually assaulting her at 16|work=CNN|date=November 13, 2017|accessdate=2017-11-13}}</ref> N’afọ 2019, ndị nta akụkọ ''New York Times'' Jodi Kantor na Megan Twohey tụlere ụzọ Allred na ụlọ ọrụ ya si rite uru na nkwekọrịta nka a na-emeghị ka ọ pụta ìhè nke ha kparitaara, bụ nke gbachiri ọnụ ndị e mere omume rụrụ arụ na-adịghị mma site na “mkpebi nzuzo” na “ebubo” iyi egwu mmekọahụ na mwakpo." Omume Allred kparịtara nkwupụta na-abụghị nkwupụta maka onye Harvey Weinstein tara ahụhụ, yana ndị Fox News onye ọbịa Bill O'Reilly na dibịa gymnastics Olympics Larry Nassar . Allred kwusiri okwu ike na enweghị mmasị na iwu California nke 2017 nke ga-amachibido okwu enweghị nkwupụta na nkwekọrịta na-emechi ndị egwu egwu mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ mmegide. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/08/books/review/she-said-jodi-kantor-megan-twohey.html|title='She Said' Recounts How Two Times Reporters Broke the Harvey Weinstein Story|author=Faludi|first=Susan|date=2019-09-08|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-10-18|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=She Said: Breaking the Sexual Harassment Story That Helped Ignite a Movement|date=September 10, 2019|isbn=978-0525560340|author=Kantor|first=Jodi}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2020 ==== N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Allred goro ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị America ka ọ gbaa Prince Andrew ume ịzaghachi ndị FBI ebubo ebubo mmekọahụ rụrụ arụ gbara ya gburugburu. Ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bu nke ejiri akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi kpuchie ma debe ya n'èzí nke Buckingham Palace, ma tinye foto nke Duke nke York na ozi na-agba ya ume ịza ajụjụ gbasara esemokwu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a31076389/gloria-allred-prince-andrew-school-bus-advertisement/|title=Gloria Allred Calls Out Prince Andrew with a School Bus Ad|author=Sanchez|first=Chelsey|date=2020-02-24|work=Harper's BAZAAR|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-13}}</ref> Allred na-anọchite anya Hannah Archuleta na ikpe na-aga n'ihu. N'afọ 2019, e kwụrụ na Dr. Phil manyere nna Archuleta ka o ziga ya na Turn-About Ranch na Utah, mgbe ha rụrụ ebe ahu a na-azụ anụ ụlọ, e kwụrụ na Archuleta bu onye nke otu nwoke na-arụ ọrụ ebe ahụ jidere ma mee ya ihe ike n'ụzọ mmekọahụ ugboro ugboro. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oliverwillis.com/who-is-hannah-archuleta-dr-phil-guest-groping-lawsuit/|title=Who Is Hannah Archuleta? Dr. Phil Guest, Groping Lawsuit|work=Oliver Willis|date=October 21, 2021|accessdate=December 26, 2021}}</ref> === Ntụrụndụ === Allred kwadoro usoro mkparịta ụka redio ya na Mark Taylor na KABC na Los Angeles ihe rụrụ afọ iri na anọ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri na 1990 revival nke ihe nkiri egwuregwu telivishọn ''To Tell the Truth''. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/to-tell-the-truth/|title=To Tell the Truth|publisher=TV Series Finale|accessdate=2015-02-20}}</ref> Na March 28, 2000, e jiri Allred mee ihe mkpaọchi n'ihe ngosi nke onyonyo a kpọrọ ''Family Guy'', site na agwa aha ya bụ Gloria Ironbox nke Candice Bergen kwupụtara na ihe omume nke isiokwu ya bụ " I am Peter, Hear me Roar ". Allred pụtara dị ka onwe ya na fim 2001 a kpọrọ ''Rat Race'' . Na Mee 21, 2001, e debere ya na ihe omume ''Simpsons'' " Behind the Laughter " na-egosi onye ọka iwu na tebụl ezinụlọ maka Lisa Simpson. Na June 27, 2001, e gosipụtara ya na ihe omume ''South Park'' ''Cripple Fight'' . Na Septemba 12, 2011, Allred gosiri ihe ngosi ya nke mbu n'ụdị ihe onyonyo nke ụlọ ikpe na ''We the People with Gloria Allred'', ihe ngosi na-eji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-emezigharị ihe ngosi ikpe ụgha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hollywoodjunket.com/2011/03/02/we-the-people-gloria-allreds-reality/|author=John Perry|title=WE THE PEOPLE: Gloria Allred's Reality!|publisher=Hollywood Junket|date=March 2, 2011|accessdate=2011-09-21|archivedate=2011-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004004126/http://hollywoodjunket.com/2011/03/02/we-the-people-gloria-allreds-reality/}}</ref> N'April 2013, Allred pụtara na ihe ngosi eziokwu nke ''RuPaul Drag Race'', na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ ma na-adụ ọdụ nye ndị asọmpi atọ ikpeazụ na-egosi ha dị ka "America's Next Drag Superstar". Na November 27, 2016 Allred pụtara dị ka onwe ya na Epix Tv show ''Graves'' . == Ndụ ya == Allred gbara di mbụ ya alụkwaghịm na mmalite 1960 nakwa nke abụọ ya, William Allred, na 1987, afọ iri na isii ka omume alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị. A mụrụ naanị otu nwa ya, Lisa Bloom, na 1961. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye Juu, Allred adịghị ewere onwe ya karịsịa dika onye okpukpe. <ref name="NewYorker">{{Cite news|author=Tolentino|first=Jia|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/02/gloria-allreds-crusade|title=Gloria Allred's Crusade|work=The New Yorker|date=October 2, 2017|accessdate=October 7, 2017}}</ref> == Nkatọ == Okwu Allred na omume ọha ebutela nkatọ. Na 2012, ''Atlantic'' kọwara ya dị ka "onye na-achọ nnọọ ọdịmma nke ụmụnwanyị" mgbe ọ gbachitere ụmụ nwoke abụọ na-etinye aka na ikpe ihe otiti nke mmekọahụ megide onye na-eme ihe nkiri John Travolta . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/05/gloria-allred-just-ambulance-chaser-feminism/327806/|title=Gloria Allred: Ambulance Chaser of 'Feminism'|first=Jen|author=Doll|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=22 May 2012}}</ref> ''Onye nta akụkọ Daily Beast'' bụ Tricia Romano kpọkwara ya dị ka "onye ọchụnta ego ọha". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/06/13/my-gloria-allred-nightmare|title=My Gloria Allred Nightmare|first=Tricia|author=Romano|date=13 June 2012|work=The Daily Beast}}</ref> ''Onye ntinye aka na New Republic'' Jeffrey Rosen kọwakwara Allred dị ka "onye nwe ogologo oge nke ọgbakọ nta akụkọ". <ref name="JRosen" /> Ọrụ Allred, yana nke nwa ya nwanyị (onye ọka iwu Lisa Bloom), na ebubo na ọ na-ebelata olu ndị ebubo nke Harvey Weinstein metụtara <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/18/podcasts/the-daily/harvey-weinstein-lisa-bloom.html|title=Keeping Harvey Weinstein's Secrets, Part 1: Lisa Bloom|date=2019-09-18|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-12-12|language=en-US}}</ref> na akwụkwọ Jodi Kantor na Megan Twohey's nke ebiputara n'afọ 2019 nke a kpọrọ, ''She said: Breaking the Sexual Harassment Story That Helped Ignite. a mmegharị'' . Allred na onye inyeaka ya jụburu ịnọchite anya onye Jeffrey Epstein megburu nke aha ya bụ Maria Farmer, wee kwuo na ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Annie "enweghị ikpe". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/trueanonpod/maria-farmer|title=Episode 67: Maria Farmer|work=[[SoundCloud]]|date=May 7, 2020|accessdate=July 19, 2020}}</ref> Nhapụ ya n'okwu ikpe Farmer abụghị naanị ihe na-akpata arụmụka gbasara ụzọ o si gbasa okwu Weinstein. == Omenala ama ama == N'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri egwu egwu <nowiki><i id="mwAa8">Glee</i></nowiki>, onye agwa Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu ya. Na ihe nkiri 2001 Rat Race, Zack, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-enye ahụike, kuturu Enrico n'ihe mberede nke okporoụzọ; n'egwu nke ikpeazụ, Allred gbara akaebe ihe mberede ahụ wee tie mkpu ka ọ nọrọ jụụ, na ọ ga-anọ ebe ahụ. Ọ pụtakwara na nkenke akụkọ ifo dị ka onye ọka iwu Lisa n'emueme mkpari nke ''The Simpsons'' a kpọrọ " Behind the Laughter ". Na 2010, [[Justin Bieber]] kpọrọ ya aha na ihe omume a kpọrọ ''Lonely Teacher'' ''Saturday Night Live'' . Na mmalite 2018, Netflix mere ihe ngosi akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere ndụ na ọrụ nke Allred, ''ịhụ Allred'', sitere na ndị nduzi Roberta Grossman na Sophie Sartain. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/seeing-allred-gloria-allred-documentary-netflix-review-me-too|title=Seeing Allred Reminds Us That Feminism Used to Be a Very Unpopular Brand|work=Vogue|accessdate=2018-02-10|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * {{Cite book|author=Allred|first=Gloria|title=Fight Back and Win: My Thirty-Year Fight Against Injustice and How You Can Win Your Own Battles|url=https://archive.org/details/fightbackwinmyth00allr|year=2006|publisher=[[ReganBooks]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-073928-7|oclc=62755633}} == Ihe ndetu == {{Reflist}} == Ebensidee == * {{Cite book|ref=Allred|author=Allred|first=Gloria|title=Fight Back and Win: My Thirty-Year Fight against Injustice and How You Can Win Your Own Battles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoMa6EhCw4gC|year=2006|publisher=[[ReganBooks]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-073928-7|oclc=62755633}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Media related to Gloria Allred at Wikimedia Commons * [http://www.amglaw.com/Attorneys/Gloria-Allred.shtml Bio na Law Allred, Maroko & Goldberg] * Appearances [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kc1ezy2j7e30h671jsqsvok9fz740ik 0 12691 655761 213247 2026-06-14T17:05:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Addo|order2=President|term_end4=|term_start4=2009|office4=Georgette Barnes Limited<ref name=GBL>{{Cite web|title=Georgette Barnes Limited|url=https://www.georgettebarnes.com/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=georgettebarnes.com|language=en}}</ref>|order4=Executive director|term_end3=|term_start3=2015|office3=Women In Mining Ghana<ref name=WIMGhana>{{Cite web|title=Women In Mining Ghana|url=https://www.wimghana.org/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=wimgh.org|language=en}}</ref>|order3=President|majority2=|successor2=Samuel Torkornoo|term_end2=2020|term_start2=2015|office2=Accra Mining Network<ref name=AccraMiningNetwork>{{Cite web|title=Accra Mining Network|url=https://www.accramining.net/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=AccraMining.net|language=en}}</ref>|occupation=Mining Entrepreneur<br /> Gender Advocate|image=AMN President presenting at LESDE ASM Event 2.jpg|children=3|spouse=[[Kwaku Sakyi-Addo]]|nationality=Ghanaian|height=1.67 m|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1968|12|31|df=y}}|birth_name=Gergette Baaba Barnes|successor=|predecessor=Mélody Kweba|term_end=|term_start=28 November 2019<ref name=CITINewsroom>{{Cite web|title=Africa Women in Mining elect Georgette Sakyi-Addo as President|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/11/africa-women-in-mining-elect-georgette-sakyi-addo-as-president/?|access-date=2022-02-05|website=citinewsroom.com|language=en}}</ref>|office=Association of Women In Mining Africa<ref name=WorldBank>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating African Women in Mining|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/03/08/celebrating-african-women-in-mining-with-awimas-jewellery-design-competition|access-date=2022-02-05|website=WorldBank.org|language=en}}</ref>|order=President of|caption=Barnes Sakyi-Addo at a UQ event:2019-Ghana<ref name=WordPress>{{Cite web|title=Buying back the future of Africa by investing in the Extractives – Georgette Barnes Sakyi-Addo|url=https://eforay.wordpress.com/2019/03/27/buying-the-future-of-africa-by-investing-in-the-extractives-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=eforay.wordpress.com|language=en}}</ref>|alma_mater={{ubl|[[Holy Child High School, Ghana]]|[[University of Ghana]]}}}} '''Georgette Barnes Sakyi-Addo''' ( {{IPA|Jorjet Bans Sirchiado}} ; amuru 31 Disemba 1968) bu onye tọrọ ntọala, na onye isi ulo oru Georgette Barnes Ltd., ụlọọrụ ngwuputa na ihe ngwuputa ndi Ghana nke di na Accra, Ghana. O ritere ihe nrite nke 2018 Female Entrepreneur of the Year site n'aka Invest in Africa (IIA). <ref name="InvestInAfrica">{{Cite web|title=Georgette Barnes Sakyi-Addo named woman entrepreneur of the years|url=https://investinafrica.com/postdetail/145/|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=InvestInAfrica.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306090820/https://investinafrica.com/postdetail/145/}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime 100 Global Inspirational Women in Mining site Women in Mining - UK na (2016). Ọ bụ Onye isi ala nke Women in Mining (WIM) Ghana na onye so wee tọọ ntọala nke Accra Mining Network . <ref name="AMN">{{Cite web|title=Georgette B.Sakyi-Addo|url=https://accramining.net/amn-executives2/georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo/|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=accramining.net|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305213103/https://accramining.net/amn-executives2/georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo/}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Accra Mining Network site na 2015 ruo 2020. <ref name="AccraMiningNetwor">{{Cite web|title=2015-2020 AMN Executive|url=https://accramining.net/our-people/2015-2020-amn-executives/|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=accramining.net|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124135551/https://accramining.net/our-people/2015-2020-amn-executives/}}</ref> Barnes Sakyi-Addo nwere nzere BA na French na linguistics, yana diploma na Communications na Mahadum Ghana. <ref name="AwimaAfrica">{{Cite web|title=Profile of our Board-AWIMA|url=https://awimaafrica.org/board/|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=awimaafrica.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305210149/https://awimaafrica.org/board/}}</ref> N'afọ 2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220326072828/http://umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/824-umat-holds-her-12th-congregation , Mahadum Mines na Teknụzụ nyere ya DSc nsọpụrụ] == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Holy Child, Ghana Cape Coast, site na 1980 ruo 1987, ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ nke St. Theresa's site na 1985 ruo 1987. Ọ na-asụ Bekee nke ọma, French na Fante . Georgette bụ onyeisi oche nke AWIMA ugbu a. == Ọrụ == === Mmalite Ọrụ === === Ụlọ ọrụ Georgette Barnes Limited === === Accra Mining Network === Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe dị n'ala nwere ndakpọ n’afọ 2012, Sakyi-Addo chọrọ ka ya na ndị ọkachamara niile ya na ha rụkọrọ ọrụ na-akpakọrịta. O nwere echiche wee zụọ ya. O nwetara ndị enyi nwere otu obi n'ime ụgbọ ahụ, echiche ahụ wee bụrụ Accra Mining Network, otu a ka o siri bụrụ onye so wee tọọ ntọala nke AMN. <ref name="EforaysMusings">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-31|title=Happy New Year or Happy Birthday to Georgette|url=https://eforaymusings.blogspot.com/2020/12/happy-new-year-or-happy-birthday.html|accessdate=2022-02-08|work=blogspot.com|language=en}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, na 2015, ọ gara n'ihu iji nke ahụ dị ka ụkpụrụ nke nyeere ya aka imepụta Women In Mining Ghana. ==== Ndị tọrọ ntọala Accra Mining Network ==== * Georgette Barnes Sakyi-Addo * Samuel Torkornoo * Raymond Kudzawu-D'Pherdd * Joseph Djan Mamphey === Women in Mining Ghana === === Association of Women in Mining in Africa (AWIMA) === Na Nọvemba 2019, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke otu ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ ọrụ ngwuputa ihe a kpọrọ Association of Women in Mining Africa (AWIMA) n'asụsụ bekee <ref name="NewsGhana">{{Cite web|title=African Women in Mining elect Georgette Barnes Sakyi Addo as President|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/africa-women-in-mining-elect-georgette-sakyi-addo-as-president/|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=newsghana.com.gh|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="YEN">{{Cite web|title=Ghana's Georgette Barnes Sakyi-Addo elected President: Mining Association Africa|url=https://yen.com.gh/139265-ghanas-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo-elected-president-mining-association-africa.html|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=yen.com.gh|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305213056/https://yen.com.gh/139265-ghanas-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo-elected-president-mining-association-africa.html}}</ref> <ref name="AfricanHeroes">{{Cite web|title=Georgette Sakyi-Addo elected President of African Women in Mining AWIMA|url=https://afrikanheroes.com/2019/11/30/georgette-sakyi-addo-elected-president-of-africa-women-in-mining-awima/|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=AfricanHeroes. com|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305213056/https://afrikanheroes.com/2019/11/30/georgette-sakyi-addo-elected-president-of-africa-women-in-mining-awima/}}</ref> <ref name="TheFinderOnline">{{Cite web|title=Georgette Barnes Addo heads AWIMA|url=https://thefinderonline.com/news/item/18004-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo-heads-awima|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=TheFinderOnline.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305213056/https://thefinderonline.com/news/item/18004-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo-heads-awima}}</ref> <ref name="PulseGh">{{Cite web|title=Ghanaian CEO Georgette Barnes Sakyi-Addo elected as President of African Women in Mining|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/strategy/ghanaian-ceo-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo-elected-as-president-of-africa-women-in/tgt325m|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=Pulse.com.gh|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305213054/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/strategy/ghanaian-ceo-georgette-barnes-sakyi-addo-elected-as-president-of-africa-women-in/tgt325m}}</ref> <ref name="AustraliaGlobalAlumni">{{Cite web|title=Promoting women in Ghana’s mining industry|url=https://www.globalalumni.gov.au/alumni-stories/promoting-women-in-ghanas-mining-industry|accessdate=2022-02-06|work=globalalumni.gov.au|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101017/https://www.globalalumni.gov.au/alumni-stories/promoting-women-in-ghanas-mining-industry}}</ref> === Ihe omume nke oge a === E gosipụtara Sakyi-Addo n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na-egwuputa ihe na Nigeria na mpaghara ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu: ajụjụ ọnụ nke Fatima Ibrahim Maikore . <ref name="PremiumTimesCentreForInvestigative JournalismPTCIJ)">{{Cite web|title=Women In Mining Nigeria and the Region, Creating A Space of their Own For Women In Miningy|url=https://ptcij.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Women-In-Mining-Nigeria-and-the-Region-A-Monograph.pdf/|accessdate=2022-02-07|work=ptcij.org|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102172148/https://ptcij.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Women-In-Mining-Nigeria-and-the-Region-A-Monograph.pdf}}</ref> Barnes Sakyi-Addo bụkwa onye na-ekwu okwu na EU - African Union Business Forum nke afọ 2022. <ref name="EUAfricaBusinessForum">{{Cite web|title=High Level Opening and Introductory Panel, The road to economic recovery - fostering the Pan-African Opportunity|url=https://www.euafrica-businessforum.com/sites/default/files/eabf_programme_-_high-level_panels_-_fiche_format_-_220215.pdf/|accessdate=2022-02-07|work=euafrica-businessforum.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215133218/https://www.euafrica-businessforum.com/sites/default/files/eabf_programme_-_high-level_panels_-_fiche_format_-_220215.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye na-ekwu okwu na Fire Site Chat nke Kenya Gem and Jewelry Fair. <ref name="Aweik">{{Cite web|title=African Solutions Towards Rebuilding '"Mine to Market"' post Covid-19|url=https://aweik.or.ke/pec-events/african-solutions-towards-rebuilding-mine-to-market-dynamic-post-covid-19/|accessdate=2022-02-07|work=aweik.or.ke|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127181342/https://aweik.or.ke/pec-events/african-solutions-towards-rebuilding-mine-to-market-dynamic-post-covid-19/}}</ref> O kwuru okwu mmeghe na DRC Africa Business Forum 2021 na nsogbu metụtara mmekọrịta ọha na eze, gburugburu ebe obibi na ọchịchị nke ụlọọrụ n'ụzọ metụtara batri. Nzukọ ahụ lere anya n'ịkwalite mmepe batrị, ụgbọ ala eletrik na ume ọhụrụ, nakwa uru ụlọ ọrụ na ahịa n'Africa. <ref name="UNECA">{{Cite web|title=DRC Africa Business Forum 2021|url=https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/SROs/Central-Africa/drc-business-forum/programme_23-11-21_public_s1.pdf/|accessdate=2022-02-07|work=uneca.org|language=en|archivedate=2024-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718114613/https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/SROs/Central-Africa/drc-business-forum/programme_23-11-21_public_s1.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọka ikpe Amazon Challenge of Artisanal Mining Challenge na 2020. Asọmpi Artisanal Mining Grand Challenge gbara ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ ume, nakwa ndị na-achọ ihe ngwọta, na ndị na-eche echiche na-adịghị mma ka ha weta ihe ngwọta ndị na-agbanwe ngwuputa ọrụ aka. Nchekwa X Labs duziri ihe omume a lekwasịrị anya ọhụrụ, na-achịkọta ndị otu iri na otu ikpeazụ na-asọ mpi maka ihe nrite nke pụkụ dọla narị asaa na ịrị ise, ndị ọka ikpe a na-akwanyere ùgwù, ndị isi nchekwa, ndị na-akọ akụkọ, na ndị ọkachamara teknụzụ iji nyochaa ụzọ dị egwu a na-emepụta iji mee ka ndị ọrụ nka na-egwupụta ihe na-ahụ maka ndị mmadụ nakwa ụwa. <ref name="AmazonChallenge">{{Cite web|title=The Innovation Summit & Awards Ceremony|url=https://www.artisanalminingchallenge.com/summit/|accessdate=2022-02-07|work=artisanalminingchallenge.com|language=en}}</ref> Ndị meriri bụ Jeffrey Beyer, Charles Espinosa, Alejandra Laina, Itai Mutemeri na Marcello Veiga. <ref name="ASM-AmazonChallenge">{{Cite web|title=The Innovation Summit & Awards Ceremony Winnwers|url=https://www.artisanalminingchallenge.com/winnwer/|accessdate=2022-02-07|work=artisanalminingchallenge.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == * O ritere ihe nrite n'afọ 2018 dika nwanyi ọchụnta ego kacha nke sitere n'aka otu Invest in Africa (IIA). <ref name="InvestInAfrica"/> == Mbipụta == * Ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe na-agụnye nwoke na nwanyị: ikpughe ihe ịma aka nke ndị inyom na-arụ ọrụ na ngwuputa ihe [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420720309909?via%3Dihub] * Nkọwa akwụkwọ - Ụmụ nwanyị na-egwupụta ihe: Ntụgharị uche na mmetụta nke iwu mmachibido ọrụ na Ghana [https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083019330&origin=inward&txGid=23c3fdfab1369ff811ac439a57bfb524&featureToggles=FEATURE_NEW_DOC_DETAILS_EXPORT:1] * Nkọwa akwụkwọ - Igwu ala maka nlanarị: Ntinye aka ụmụ nwanyị n'ịrụ ọrụ aka n'obere ọnụ ọgụgụ na mpaghara ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na Tarkwa nke Ghana [https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021457381&origin=inward&txGid=69499c2119b2df1cc007ea61cee7331e&featureToggles=FEATURE_NEW_DOC_DETAILS_EXPORT:1] == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 03a5tthp1e6ryv5mpfuutmn0podbwr9 0 13284 655804 632172 2026-06-15T01:15:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba Georgia''' bụ ahia iwu na-akwadoghị nke ụmụ mmadụ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba ohu ịmụ nwa, mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa, na ọrụ mmanye dịka ọ na-eme na steeti [[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]] nke US, a makwaara ya dị ka ụdị ịgba ohu nke oge a. Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ gụnyere "ịkpọbata, njem, ịnyefe, ịnabata ma ọ bụ ịnata ndị mmadụ site na iyi egwu ma ọ bụ iji ike ma ọ bụ ụdị mmanye ndị ọzọ, ịtọrọ mmadụ, aghụghọ, aghụghọ, iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nke adịghị ike ma ọ bụ inye ma ọ bụ ịnata ụgwọ ma ọ bụ uru iji nweta nkwenye nke onye nwere ikike ịchịkwa onye ọzọ, maka ebumnuche nke mmegbu. Mmegbu ga-agụnye, ma ọ dịkarịa ala, mmegbu nke ịgba akwụna nke ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ụdị mmegbu mmekọahụ ndị ọzọ, ọrụ mmanye, ịgba ohu ma ọ bụ omume yiri ịgba ohu, ịgba ohu ma ọ bụ iwepụ akụkụ ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite journal|author=United Nations|title=U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children|year=2000|url=http://www.unicef.org/protection/convention_20traff_eng.pdf|accessdate=March 3, 2012}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:Slave_Market-Atlanta_Georgia_1864.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Azụmahịa ohu na Atlanta]] A maara na ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ n'ụdị ịgba ohu bụ ndị mbụ ma ọ bụ ndị mbụ a maara nke ógbè na steeti Georgia n'ọdịnihu, ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ tupu ọchịchị ndị Europe. N'oge ọchịchị, omume ịgba ohu nke ndị mba India na Georgia n'oge na-adịghị anya karịrị ịgba ohu nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ịgba ohu ghọrọ iwu na-akwadoghị na mba Georgia mgbe nkwenye nke 13th Amendment, ịgba ohu nọgidere na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'okpuru usoro peonage na ọrụ ntaramahụhụ siri ike.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/28/ |title=The New Slavery in the South “An Autobiography,” by a Georgia Negro Peon, Independent, LVI, 25 February 1904, 409–14. |accessdate=2 May 2022 |archivedate=5 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105135511/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/28/ }}</ref> == Iwu == Iwu Georgia OCGA 16-5-46 machibidoro ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ maka ọrụ ma ọ bụ ịgba ohu mmekọahụ na ntaramahụhụ siri ike maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa ụmụaka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.streetgrace.org/georgia-laws/|title=Georgia Laws|work=Street Grace, Inc|accessdate=2016-04-18|archivedate=2017-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023165749/http://www.streetgrace.org/georgia-laws}}</ref> Na Eprel 2, 2015 iwu ọhụrụ gafere nke a na-akpọ SB8 na SR7. N'okpuru iwu a, ndị na-azụ ahịa a mara ikpe ga-edebanye aha dị ka ndị omekome mmekọahụ ma kwụọ ụgwọ n'ime ego steeti a na-akpọ New Safe Harbor iji nyere ndị na-ahụ maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ aka na ahụike uche, agụmakwụkwọ, ọzụzụ ọrụ na enyemaka iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/news/state-regional-govt-politics/senate-votes-to-tighten-georgias-sex-trafficking-l/nj9Qn/|title=Senate votes to tighten Georgia's sex trafficking laws|accessdate=2016-04-18}}</ref> Iwu HB 200 malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ọnwa Jụlaị 1, 2011. Iwu ahụ siri ike karị mgbe ọ metụtara ụmụaka ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe ruru afọ iri abụọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ụgwọ $ 100,000. Nzọụkwụ ọzọ dị mkpa bụ na afọ nkwenye, nke bụ afọ iri na isii, ma ọ bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere afọ onye ahụ abụghịzi ezigbo nchebe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://law.ga.gov/human-trafficking|title=Human Trafficking {{!}} Office of the Attorney General|work=law.ga.gov|accessdate=2016-04-18|archivedate=2016-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430060649/http://law.ga.gov/human-trafficking}}</ref> == Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ na Atlanta == Atlanta bụ isi ebe njem maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa ụmụagbọghọ si mba ndịda ma bụrụ otu n'ime obodo iri na anọ nke mba United States nwere ọkwa kachasị elu nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ ụmụaka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/priority-areas/civil-rights/human-trafficking|title=Civil Rights Prosecutions: Human Trafficking {{!}} USAO {{!}} Department of Justice|work=www.justice.gov|accessdate=2016-04-18|archivedate=2016-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509021851/https://www.justice.gov/usao/priority-areas/civil-rights/human-trafficking}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, ahia mmekọahụ mepụtara nde $ 290 na Atlanta.<ref name=":0"/> Ọnụ ọgụgụ a sitere na ọmụmụ "Ịtụle nha na ọdịdị nke akụ na ụba mmekọahụ n'okpuru ala na obodo asatọ kachasị mkpa nke US" nke ụlọ ọrụ Urban, na ajụjụ ọnụ iri na asatọ (pg. 121) nke emere na Atlanta, ma gụnye "ndị akwụna, ụlọ ịhịa aka n'ahụ, na ụlọ akwụna" na ma "pimp na-achịkwa" na "ndị na-abụghị ndị na-achịkwa" (pg. 122). N'ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, a kọwara ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na ngalaba: "Background on the Prevalence of Human Trafficking in the United States" dị ka "omume mmekọahụ ọ bụla n'ọnọdụ nke onye ọ bụla nyere ma ọ bụ nata ihe ọ bụla bara uru (dịka, ịgba akwụna). " (pg. 7).<ref name=":urban">{{Cite web|url=https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/22376/413047-estimating-the-size-and-structure-of-the-underground-commercial-sex-economy-in-eight-major-us-cities_0.pdf|title=Estimating the Size and Structure of the Underground Commercial Sex Economy in Eight Major US Cities|work=Urban.org|accessdate=2019-01-31}}</ref> Craigslist bụ isi mgbasa ozi maka mgbasa ozi maka mmekọahụ ma a maara na saịtị ahụ na-enweta okpukpu atọ karịa saịtị ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.htcourts.org/fact-sheet.htm|title=Human Trafficking Fact Sheets and Legislative Updates {{!}} Human Trafficking and the State Courts Collaborative|work=www.htcourts.org|accessdate=2016-04-18}}</ref> "Otu ohere dị njikere maka ikuku azụmahịa na ụzọ ala nke na-adọta azụmahịa na ndị njem na Atlanta na-arata ndị omempụ na-azụ ahịa mmadụ." E nwere ọtụtụ ihe omume na mgbakọ na Atlanta nke na-eweta ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'obodo ahụ nke na-egosipụtakwa okwu ahụ.<ref name=":1"/> == Òtù == Out Of Darkness bụ nzukọ nke na-emegide ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ nke dị na Atlanta Georgia; Out of Darkness dị n'okpuru ngalaba 501(c)(3). "Ọrụ ha bụ iru, napụta ma weghachite ndị niile a na-emegbu n'ụzọ mmekọahụ, ka e wee mara ebube Chineke. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://outofdarkness.org/|title=Out of Darkness|work=outofdarkness.org|accessdate=2016-04-18}}</ref> BeLoved Atlanta bụ nzukọ na-elekwasị anya na "obodo nke ụmụnwanyị ndị lanarịrị ịtụ mgbere ahịa, ịgba akwụna na riri ahụ". BeLoved Atlanta ga-enye ụmụnwanyị toro eto bụ ndị mmegbu mmekọahụ metụtara n'onwe ha ụlọ obibi, ha nwere ike inye ndị bi na ya ọrụ ha ruo afọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.belovedatlanta.org/|title=Home|work=BeLoved Atlanta|accessdate=2016-04-18}}</ref> Ọgwụgwụ Ọ "bụ njikọ nke nzukọ na-eduga n'ụwa iji lụọ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe". Ọrụ ha bụ ime ka ìhè dị n'ụdị ịgba ohu niile. Kwụsị ya "Ndị mmekọ na-arụ ọrụ, n'ala, kwa ụbọchị, iji weta AWARENESS, PREVENTION, RESCUE, na RESTORATION. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://enditmovement.com/|title=The END IT Movement|work=enditmovement.com|accessdate=2016-04-18}}</ref> Not For Sale bụ maka ichebe ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu site na ịgba ohu nke oge a na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Not For Sale malitere na Berkeley [[California]], ma dị ugbu a na steeti iri na ise ndị ọzọ. Ha na-enye nchekwa, ọzụzụ ọrụ, na nkà ndụ, tinyere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.notforsalecampaign.org/|title=Not For Sale|work=Not For Sale|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-04-18}}</ref> == Ikpe nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ == N'ọnwa Machị 19, 2016, ndị uwe ojii Athens-Clarke County jidere ụmụnwoke abụọ na Days Inn na North Finley Street maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.redandblack.com/athensnews/two-men-arrested-for-human-trafficking-in-athens-days-inn/article_324cd69a-f03d-11e5-b049-4737a1745241.html|title=Two men arrested for human trafficking in Athens Days Inn|author=Norsworthy|first=Charlotte|date=2016-03-21|work=The Red and Black|language=en|accessdate=2019-02-24}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii hụrụ otu nwata nwanyị dị afọ iri na isii furu efu site na New York n'ime ụlọ nkwari akụ ahụ. E boro ndị ikom ahụ ebubo na ha ji égbè na-ezu ohi, na-apịa onye na-erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ na ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 13, 2016, ndị uwe ojii jidere ikpe abụọ nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ na Horizon Inn na Suites, Room 239, na Gwinnett. Ha abụọ ahụ zutere ndị uwe ojii Gwinnett County na Dawson Boulevard n'èzí Norcross. A kpọrọ oku 911 abụọ ahụ n'ihi na ndị bi na họtel ahụ nụrụ ka a na-eti nwanyị ihe. Otu n'ime enyi nwoke ndị ahụ metụtara, Betric Quintavious Walton, 25 anọghị n'ebe ahụ mana mgbe ndị uwe ojii gbara onye ahụ, onye ahụ, onye dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ na-ala azụ ịkọrọ ozi wee daa mbà na-ekwu na ọ na-atụ egwu ịkpọ ndị uwe ojii na-ekwu na ọ sịrị na ọ ga-eme ezinụlọ ya ihe ma ọ bụrụ na o mee ya. Onye uwe ojii ahụ kwetara ịkpọrọ ya gaa Doraville MARTA Station ka nwanne ya nwanyị buru ya. Ka ha na-apụ n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ha hụrụ otu nwanyị yi mkpụmkpụ jean siri ike na-akụ aka n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ 239. Onye ahụ gwara onye uwe ojii ahụ na ọ zutere Walton afọ atọ gara aga mgbe ya na nne ya nwere nsogbu n'ụlọ. O nyere ya ọkara ego o nwetara na-arụrụ ya ọrụ. Onye ọrụ ahụ nyere nwanyị ahụ nọmba ekwentị maka Georgia Cares na Street Grace Ministries, òtù ndị na-enyere ndị na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ aka. O kwuru na ha nwere ike ime ka ọ nweta nyocha ahụike na ebe ọ ga-anọ. === Ọrụ Cross Country X === N'ọnwa Ọktoba 13, 2016, e jidere mmadụ iri isii na Metro Atlanta maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ na ịgba akwụna mba ụwa, a napụtara ụmụaka iri asatọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myajc.com/news/crime--law/arrested-georgia-fbi-led-child-sex-trafficking-operation/KUH0ch0ixwmEe22tFBOE2K/|title=60 arrested in Georgia in FBI-led child sex trafficking operation|author=Steve Burns|first=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|work=myajc|language=English|accessdate=2019-02-24}}</ref> Ọrụ a mere na họtel, ọdụ ụgbọ oloko, nkuku okporo ámá, na ebe ndị ọzọ. Metro Atlanta Child Exploitation Task Force nyeere ndị FBI aka. Ha napụtara otu nwata site na ịzụ ahịa, gbuo akwụkwọ ikike nyocha abụọ, ma weghara égbè asaa. E jidere ndị ọzọ na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu ebe e jidere mmadụ ise na Alpharetta, otu onye na Dekalb, mmadụ anọ na Dunwoody, abụọ na Gwinnett County, mmadụ abụọ na Marietta, mmadụ ise na mpaghara Athens, na otu onye na Augusta * E jidere ndị na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ: ** Amanda McConnell, 39, ndị uwe ojii Alpharetta jidere ** Kevin Lashawn Adams, 37, ndị uwe ojii DeKalb jidere ** Hadrian Crichlow, 34, ndị uwe ojii DeKalb jidere ** Shannon Mussa, 24, ndị uwe ojii Alpharetta jidere ** Latoya Tamara Taylor, 33, ndị uwe ojii Cobb jidere ** Sharnece Joyner, 24, ndị uwe ojii Marietta jidere ** Kelvin Howard, 60, ndị uwe ojii Clayton jidere ** Christopher J. Pudwill, 30, ndị uwe ojii Perry jidere ** Billy Dewayne Denson, 40, ndị uwe ojii Perry jidere == Ọnụ ọgụgụ == * Atlanta nwere azụmahịa mmekọahụ kachasị ukwuu n'etiti 2003 n'afọ 2007 nakwa n'afọ 2018. * N'afọ 2012, National Human Trafficking Resource Center natara oku 446 site na Georgia, 103 n'ime ha bụ ndị a na-ahazi dị ka ndị dị ize ndụ dị elu * Ụmụagbọghọ 5,000 nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ ndị a na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ na Georgia * Kwa ọnwa, ụmụnwoke 12,400 Georgia na-akwụ ụgwọ maka mmekọahụ na nwa agbọghọ na 7,200 n'ime ha na-ejedebe na-erigbu nwanyị na-eto eto * Atlanta nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ụmụnwanyị Hispanic na-azụ ahịa na mba ahụ * Na nkezi, a na-erigbu ụmụagbọghọ 100 kwa abalị na Georgia * Ihe dị ka 65% nke ụmụnwoke na-azụta mmekọahụ na ụmụ agbọghọ na-eme nke a na gburugburu obodo na metro Atlanta na 9% na nso ọdụ ụgbọ elu * Dị ka Human Trafficking Hotline nke Georgia si kwuo, na 2016 enwere oku 507, na 2015 enwere oku 641, na 2013 enwere oku 599 banyere ịzụ ahịa mmadụ * Ihe dị ka ụmụagbọghọ 374 na-enwe mmekọahụ kwa ọnwa na Georgia * Dị ka National Human Trafficking Human Resource Center si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikpe ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Georgia mụbara site na 41 n'etiti 2014 na 2015 {{Reflist|2}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4j0wg1y1jm2lzsk0vqlvlgc4qjjl5xk 0 16359 655817 515100 2026-06-15T06:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Ilana Sheryl Kloss''' (amụrụ na 22 Machị 1956) bụ onye bụbu onye na-eme egwuregwu tennis, onye nkuzi tennis, na onye bụbu kọmishọna nke World TeamTennis, site na 2001-2021.<ref name="wtt">{{Cite web|title=Ilana Kloss|url=http://www.wtt.com/page.aspx?article_id=1787|publisher=WTT|accessdate=2022-06-20|archivedate=2025-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312161510/https://wtt.com/page.aspx?article_id=1787/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ abụọ n'ụwa n'afọ 1976, onye na-eme bọọlụ n'ụwa nke iri na itoolu n'otu n'afọ 1979.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/Ilana-Kloss.htm|title=Ilana Kloss|work=www.jewishsports.net|accessdate=2022-06-20|archivedate=2023-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422105714/http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/Ilana-Kloss.htm}}</ref> O meriri Wimbledon juniors singles title na 1972, US Open juniors singlas title na 1974, na US Open Doubles na French Open Mixed Doubles titles na 1976. == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Kloss na Johannesburg, South Africa. Ọ bụ onye Juu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOTWUl-9LQoC&q=Ilana+Kloss+jewish&pg=PA12|title=Day by Day in Jewish Sports History|first=Bob|author=Wechsler|date=21 September 2008|publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=9781602800137}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/11032|title='The Greatest Jewish Tennis Players of All Time' Book Released|date=29 October 2014|work=World Tennis Magazine|accessdate=6 January 2019|archivedate=31 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331043011/http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/11032}}</ref> Kloss lụrụ Billie Jean King, onye na-egwu tenis na US.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterellen.com/TV/2006/4/pioneer.html|title=Portrait of a Pioneer: a Billie Jean King Documentary &#124; TV Show Recaps, Celebrity Interviews & News About & For Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Women|publisher=AfterEllen.com|date=26 April 2006|accessdate=11 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518082930/http://www.afterellen.com/TV/2006/4/pioneer.html|archivedate=18 May 2011}}</ref> Ha abụọ lụrụ n'ememe nzuzo na 2018 ma nọrọ ọnụ ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=King|first=Billie Jean King|title=All In|publisher=Knopf|year=2021|isbn=1101947330|pages=412}}</ref> Ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị nwe obere ndị otu egwuregwu baseball Los Angeles Dodgers na Septemba 2018 na Angel City FC, otu egwuregwu dị na Los Angeles ga-amalite igwu egwu na National Women's Soccer League na 2022, n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/dodgers-welcome-billie-jean-king-ilana-kloss/c-295526684|title=Addition of King, Kloss sends 'strong message'|first=Ken|author=Gurnick|work=MLB.com|date=21 September 2018|accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ tenis == Tupu ọ ghọọ onye ọkachamara, ọ meriri n'asọmpi juniors na Wimbledon n'afọ 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishlistsphysi00gree|title=The Jewish lists : physicists and generals, actors and writers, and hundreds of other lists of accomplished Jews|first=Martin Harry|author=Greenberg|date=21 September 1979|publisher=New York : Schocken Books}}</ref> O meriri n'asọmpi SA abụọ ya na Linky Boshoff na 1973, 1975, na 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bDBQAQAAIAAJ&q=Ilana+Kloss+jewish|title=Jewish Affairs|date=21 September 1986|publisher=Jewish Board of Deputies.}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ na Maccabiah Games na Israel, merie ihe nrite ọla edo na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na ngwakọta abụọ na 1973 Maccabiahi Games, ma merie ihe ọlaọcha na ngwakọta okpukpu abụọ na 1977 MaccabiaH Games.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1985/07/26/archive/at-the-maccabiah-games-u-s-wins-the-most-medals-with-246-israel-comes-in-second-with-217|title=At the Maccabiah Games: U.S. Wins the Most Medals with 246; Israel Comes in Second with 217|date=26 July 1985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1977/07/22/archive/israel-basketball-team-loses-out-to-underdog-u-s-squad-at-10th-maccabiah|title=Israel Basketball Team Loses out to Underdog U.S. Squad at 10th Maccabiah|date=22 July 1977}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usatennisflorida.usta.com/Florida/Global/News/Adults%20Seniors/2008_09/6618937_Seeking_Jewish_Tennis_Players_to_Represent_the_United_States_.aspx|title=Seeking Jewish Tennis Players to Represent the United States &#124; Adults-Seniors – News &#124; USTA Florida|publisher=Usatennisflorida.usta.com|date=22 September 2008|accessdate=11 February 2011|archivedate=5 January 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130105112228/http://www.usatennisflorida.usta.com/Florida/Global/News/Adults%20Seniors/2008_09/6618937_Seeking_Jewish_Tennis_Players_to_Represent_the_United_States_.aspx}}</ref> N'afọ 1974, ọ meriri US Open juniors singles title.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu kachasị nta na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://2010.usopen.org/en_US/about/history/jrchamps.html|title=US Open junior champions|accessdate=24 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711143157/http://2010.usopen.org/en_US/about/history/jrchamps.html|archivedate=11 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="Jews in Sports">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewsinsports.org/profile.asp?sport=tennis&ID=79|title=Kloss, Ilana|publisher=Jews in Sports|accessdate=5 February 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 1973, ya na Pat Walkden meriri n'asọmpi ahụ na Cincinnati, merie Evonne Goolagong na Janet Young na nke ikpeazụ. Kloss nọ n'ọnọdụ nke 1 n'ụwa na abụọ na nke 19 na otu na 1976. N'afọ ahụ, ọ meriri utu aha abụọ na US Open, Italian Open, US Clay Courts, German Open, British Hard Courts Championship, na Hilton Head, yana utu aha abụọ ngwakọta na French Open.<ref name="Jews in Sports"/> Linky Boshoff bụ onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro abụọ.<ref name="Jews in Sports" /> N'afọ 1977, ọ meriri asọmpi Canada na Germany na asọmpi ụlọ ikpe ụrọ nke Britain.<ref name="Jews in Sports" /> N'afọ 1999, Kloss meriri US Open abụọ na ngwakọta abụọ na njem 35 na-agafe.<ref name="Jews in Sports"/> === Iko Mba Ọzọ === Site na 1973 ruo 1977, Kloss bụ onye otu South Africa nke sonyere na Federation Cup. Ọ chịkọtara ihe ndekọ 12 na 5.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Player profile – Ilana Kloss|url=https://www.fedcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800175600|work=www.fedcup.com|publisher=[[International Tennis Federation]] (ITF)|accessdate=2022-06-20|archivedate=2019-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330143341/https://www.fedcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800175600}}</ref> === Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị A Ma Ama === Kloss, onye bụ onye Juu, batara na US National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame na 2006. A nabatara ya na International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame n'afọ 2010.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> === Tennis nke Ndị Otu Ụwa === Kloss sonyeere ndị otu San Francisco Golden Gaters WTT n'afọ 1974, wee ruo WTT Finals na ndị otu ahụ n'afọ 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chatoian|first=Ralph|title=An Analysis of the Pro Tennis League|work=[[Marin Independent Journal|Daily Independent Journal]]|page=28|date=23 April 1974}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Mulligan|first=Stephen|year=2011|chapter=3. 1971–1975|title=Were You There?: Over 300 Wonderful, Weird, an Wacky Moments from the Pittsburgh Civic/Mellon Arena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r1qFcgbuVVYC|publisher=RoseDog Books|pages=62–64|isbn=978-1-4349-8552-1}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ Golden Gaters tupu oge 1976 ka ọ bụrụ otu iji sonye na asọmpi ụrọ na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] nke na-emegide usoro WTT.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chatoian|first=Ralph|title=Golden Gaters Add Some French to Arsenal|work=[[Marin Independent Journal|Daily Independent Journal]]|page=24|date=9 March 1976}}</ref> Kloss laghachiri na Golden Gaters maka oge 1978. N'afọ 1983, ọ zụrụ Chicago Fyre na WTT Championship ma kpọọ ya Coach of the Year. N'afọ 1985, Kloss bụ onye ọkpụkpọ na onye nkuzi maka Miami Beach Breakers, wee bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke WTT n'afọ 1987 na onye isi nchịkwa n'afọ 1991. Kemgbe afọ 2001, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi nke World Team Tennis.<ref name="wtt"/> == Egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke Grand Slam == === Abụọ ụmụ nwanyị: 1 (1 aha) === {| class="wikitable" ! style="width:40px" |Nsonaazụ ! style="width:35px" |Afọ ! style="width:160px" |Mmeri ! style="width:50px" |Elu ya ! style="width:160px" |Onye mmekọ ! style="width:160px" |Ndị na-emegide ya ! class="unsortable" style="width:130px" |Ihe ndị a tụrụ |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Mmeri |1976 |US Open |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Linky Boshoff]] |[[Olga Morozova]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Virginia Wade]] |6 na-esote 4 |} === Abụọ ngwakọta: 1 (1 aha) === {| class="wikitable" ! style="width:40px" |Nsonaazụ ! style="width:35px" |Afọ ! style="width:160px" |Mmeri ! style="width:50px" |Elu ya ! style="width:160px" |Onye mmekọ ! style="width:160px" |Ndị na-emegide ya ! class="unsortable" style="width:130px" |Ihe ndị a tụrụ |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Mmeri |1976 |French Open |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Kim Warwick]] |[[Linky Boshoff]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Colin Dowdeswell]] |7 na 6 na-esote |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu tennis ndị Juu ahọpụtara == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Ilana Kloss at the Women's Tennis Association * Ilana Kloss at the International Tennis Federation * Ilana Kloss at the Billie Jean King Cup * [http://www.jewishsports.org/jewishsports/detail.asp?sp=182 Profaịlụ nke Ụlọ Egwuregwu Ndị Juu] * Ilana Kloss on Twitter [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 248ri2ctg1wkgo8eo3ogzjknky5tp26 0 16404 655783 621303 2026-06-14T18:10:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|website=}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Gilmário Pinto Vemba''' (a mụrụ na 19 June 1985), nke a ma ama dịka '''Gilmário Vemba''', bụ [[Angola|onye Angola]] na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ọchị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gilmário Vemba apresenta em Leiria visão humorística da vida|url=https://www.diarioleiria.pt/noticia/53324|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Diário de Leiria}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ''ihe nkiri'' telivishọn O ''Bar'' do Gilmário, After Party na Fora de Série . Ọ bụbu onye otu egwuregwu "os Tuneza".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=Gilmário Vemba fala sobre saída do grupo Tunezas|url=https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/fama/gilmario-vemba-fala-sobre-saida-do-grupo-tunezas/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=AngoRussia|language=pt-PT|archivedate=2021-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001110424/https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/fama/gilmario-vemba-fala-sobre-saida-do-grupo-tunezas/}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == A mụrụ ya n'abalị 19 ọnwa Julaị afọ 1985 na Luanda, [[Angola]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-01|title=Conheça o outro lado do Humorista Gilmário Vemba|url=https://platinaline.com/conheca-o-outro-lado-do-humorista-gilmario-vemba/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=PlatinaLine|language=pt-PT|archivedate=2021-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001104923/https://platinaline.com/conheca-o-outro-lado-do-humorista-gilmario-vemba/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-10|title='Em Angola, todos os que nasceram em 1985 já nasceram à beira da morte' – Gilmário Vemba|url=https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/fama/em-angola-todos-os-que-nasceram-em-1985-ja-nasceram-a-beira-da-morte-gilmario-vemba/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=AngoRussia|language=pt-PT|archivedate=2021-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001110423/https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/fama/em-angola-todos-os-que-nasceram-em-1985-ja-nasceram-a-beira-da-morte-gilmario-vemba/}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na International Relations and Political Analysis .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Portugal|first=Rádio e Televisão de|title=Gilmário Vemba - Rostos - Entretenimento - RTP|url=https://www.rtp.pt/programa/tv/p33866/e6|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=www.rtp.pt}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ di ma bụrụ nna ụmụ nwanyị atọ na otu nwa nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|author=grxnet.com|title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - O Outro Lado Da Gente {{!}} Gilmário Vemba|url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Jornal de Angola|language=pt}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2003, Vemba na Daniel Vilola, Orlando Rodrigues, Cesalty Paulo na José Chieta guzobere otu ihe ọchị ''os Tuneza''. Ọ gara n'ihu n'òtù ahụ ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri na ise, ruo mgbe ọ hapụrụ otu ahụ n'afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gilmário Vemba abandona Tuneza|url=https://www.angola-online.net/entretenimento/gilmario-vemba-abandona-tuneza|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=ANGOLA-ONLINE.net|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001104922/https://www.angola-online.net/entretenimento/gilmario-vemba-abandona-tuneza}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, o gosipụtara ihe ngosi na-atọ ọchị na Portugal n'aha "Imortal".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-02|title=Após 33 anos a escapar à morte, o 'Imortal' Gilmário Vemba está em Lisboa|url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/cultura/1227182/apos-33-anos-a-escapar-a-morte-o-imortal-gilmario-vemba-esta-em-lisboa|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Notícias ao Minuto|language=pt}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, o mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na A Dívida (The Debt) nke Anacleto de Abreu duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Angolan film|url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/022021/Culture/24266/Angolan-film-The-Debt-starring-Gilm%C3%A1rio-Vemba-arrives-at-the-movie-theaters.htm|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=VerAngola|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001113201/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/022021/Culture/24266/Angolan-film-The-Debt-starring-Gilm%C3%A1rio-Vemba-arrives-at-the-movie-theaters.htm}}</ref> Emere ihe nkiri ahụ na 26th February 2021 na Cinemax, na Luanda.<ref>{{Cite web|author=grxnet.com|title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Gilmário Vemba estreia como actor|url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Jornal de Angola|language=pt}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, ọ bịanyere aka na ''ihe'' ngosi ọhụrụ nke TVI bụ O Amor Acontece .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-02|title=TVI aposta em Gilmário Vemba para equipa de novo reality show|url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/fama/1788032/tvi-aposta-em-gilmario-vemba-para-equipa-de-novo-reality-show|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=Notícias ao Minuto|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=“After Party” series premieres in August and features Gilmário Vemba in double dose|url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/072021/Lifestyle/26422/%E2%80%9CAfter-Party%E2%80%9D-series-premieres-in-August-and-features-Gilm%C3%A1rio-Vemba-in-double-dose.htm|accessdate=2021-10-01|work=VerAngola|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001113159/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/072021/Lifestyle/26422/%E2%80%9CAfter-Party%E2%80%9D-series-premieres-in-August-and-features-Gilm%C3%A1rio-Vemba-in-double-dose.htm}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2022, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-asọmpi na-adịgide adịgide nke mbipụta Portuguese nke "Taskmaster" (RTP1). == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị ![Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |2008 |''Ihe nkiri ndị a na-eme n'èzí'' |onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2019 |''Ebe a na-esi nri Ljubomir Stanisic'' |onwe ya |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2019 |''Goz'Aqui dị ka Ndụ'' |onwe ya |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2019 |''A na-esi ya esi José Castelo Branco'' |onwe ya |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2020 |''Onye Na-adịghị Anwụ Anwụ - Gilmário Vemba'' |Onye edemede |Ihe pụrụ iche na TV | |- |2021 |''Bar nke Gilmário'' |Gilmário |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2021 |''Mgbe Ememe Mgbasa'' |Gilmário / Mr. Domingos, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2022 |Onye Nlekọta Ọrụ |onwe ya |Ihe nkiri TV | |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|nm10900046}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jlgyg16o96alifgrq73chmbe0lxyh07 0 16432 655801 631090 2026-06-14T23:19:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Helena Moreno (a mụrụ na 28 Febụwarị 1989 [dubious ), nke a makwaara dịka '''Helena Morena''', bụ [[Angola|onye Angola]] na-eme ihe nkiri nke pụtara n'ọtụtụ usoro ihe nkiri telenovela nke Angola. Ewezuga ntụrụndụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi asụsụ Portuguese. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Helena Moreno n'abalị 28 ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1989 na Luanda, [[Angola]].<ref name="bio" /> Ezinụlọ ya dara ogbenye, ụlọ ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata bụ ụlọ na-enweghị windo n'obodo dị mkpirikpi. N'agbanyeghị nke a, o kwuru na oge nwata ya nwere obi ụtọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Houve uma vez que eu mijei-me, porque não conseguia pedir ao professor para ir a casa de banho" – Helena Moreno|url=https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/|publisher=AngoRussia|accessdate=8 November 2017|language=Portuguese|date=7 April 2014|archivedate=8 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108211727/https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/}}</ref> Oge mbụ ọ pụtara na telivishọn bụ n'afọ 2002, mgbe ọ na-agagharị na akụkụ na telenovela Angolan ''Revira Volta'' . Ọ pụtara ọzọ na telenovela, mana n'oge a na-aga n'ihu dịka Weza Henriques Pereira na Sweet Pitanga . Nke a dugara n'ọrụ redio dịka onye na-egosi ihe ngosi Bombástico . Ọrụ ọzọ sochiri, mgbe a họpụtara ya dịka Marisa Lemos na ''Windeck'' n'afọ 2012.<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|title=Helena Moreno Uma Talentosa Actriz|url=http://platinaline.com/helena-moreno-uma-talentosa-actriz/|publisher=PlatinaLine|accessdate=8 November 2017|language=Portuguese|date=4 April 2014|archivedate=8 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210132/http://platinaline.com/helena-moreno-uma-talentosa-actriz/}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true"> (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 4 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)]]</ref> A na-asọpụrụ ya n'oge emume ụmụ nwanyị Angola n'afọ 2014, ya na Maria do Rosário Amadeu na Nadir Taty maka ịrụ ọrụ iji melite ọdịbendị Angola na nka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Huambo: Gala de beneficência distingue mulheres mais destacadas da sociedade|url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/sociedade/2014/2/13/Huambo-Gala-beneficencia-distingue-mulheres-mais-destacadas-sociedade,786c94d0-39d1-490e-96c7-6882ae120e08.html|accessdate=8 November 2017|work=ANGOP|date=31 March 2014|language=Portuguese}}</ref> N'èzí ntụrụndụ, Moreno arụwokwa ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi n'asụsụ Portuguese n'ụlọ akwụkwọ America na ọkwa praịmarị na nke sekọndrị.<ref name="bio"/> == Ndụ onwe == Moreno kwupụtara n'afọ 2016 na ya na enyi ya nwoke Milton Miguel dị [[Afọ ime|ime]], na n'oge ịsa nwa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, na ọ na-atụ anya nwa nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actriz angolana Helena Moreno está grávida do seu primeiro filho com Milton Miguel|url=http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/|publisher=PlatinaLine|accessdate=8 November 2017|language=Portuguese|date=3 March 2016|archivedate=8 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/}}</ref> O kwuru na aha nwa ahụ, Helton, bụ ngwakọta nke Helena na Milton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actriz Helena Moreno realiza chá de bebé do primeiro filho|url=http://platinaline.com/actriz-helena-moreno-realiza-cha-de-bebe-do-primeiro-filho/|publisher=PlatinaLine|accessdate=8 November 2017|language=Portuguese|date=3 August 2016|archivedate=4 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104010033/http://platinaline.com/actriz-helena-moreno-realiza-cha-de-bebe-do-primeiro-filho/}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Helena Moreno at IMDb [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] olmsxasm4oo5kxf7v2x7iuu0si39pus 0 16863 655799 540459 2026-06-14T21:44:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Hanan Tarik''' (Amharic: ሃናን Tari; mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya aha nna, '''Tariq''' ma ọ bụ '''Tarq;''' amụrụ na 30 June 1994) bụ onye [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eme ihe nkiri na onye bụbu [[Actor|onye]] mara mma. Hanan bụụrụ onye a ma ama na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn nke afọ 2015 bụ ''Wolafen'' nke a na-egosi na Thursday ọ bụla na EBS TV, ebe ọ na-egosi Roza ruo 2017. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ malitere na ihe nkiri ''Astaraki'' n'otu afọ ahụ. Hanan duziri ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Etiopia n'oge nke afọ 2017, na-eme ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ịhụnanya. Hanan nwetara onyinye dị iche iche nke gụnyere Gumma Awards, na-aghọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama na Etiopia. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Hanan Tarik na 30 June 1994 na [[Addis Ababa]] nye nna Sudanese-Lebanese na nne Ethiopian.<ref name=":0" /> Ndụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Hanan malitere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị wee gaa Asai High School ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2014.<ref name=":0" /> O meriri asọmpi ihe ngosi na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma mee obere ọrụ na ihuenyo na-egosi onwe ya dị ka onye Arab. Ọrụ a mere ka onye nduzi Ermias Tadesse hụ ya ma mesịa tinye ya na fim mbụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bel|first=Zenobia|date=2017-05-13|title=Actress Hanan Tarik Says Goodbye to Welafen TV Show|url=https://www.ethiogrio.com/news/54623-actress-hanan-tarik-says-goodbye-to-welafen-tv-show.html|accessdate=2020-09-03|work=ethiogrio.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2017-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223164831/http://www.ethiogrio.com/news/54623-actress-hanan-tarik-says-goodbye-to-welafen-tv-show.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ሀናን ታሪክ|url=https://ezanastudio.com/2020/07/31/%e1%88%80%e1%8a%93%e1%8a%95-%e1%89%b3%e1%88%aa%e1%8a%ad/|accessdate=2021-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe nkiri izizi ya bụ ''Astaraki'' na 2015, Hanan na-ewere akụkụ nke Muna. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ pụtara na usoro ihe nkiri TV nke afọ 2015 ''Wolafen'', bụ nke mbụ ya na mmemme telivishọn. Mgbe mbụ ọ pụtara, omume Hanan dị ka [[Actor|onye na-eme ihe nkiri]] / ihe nlereanya bilitere n'ọkwa. Usoro ihe omume ahụ gosipụtara na EBS TV na 17 Septemba 2015, ebe ọ nwere ọrụ Roza. Mgbe a matara ya na usoro a, ''ọ'' malitere ime ihe nkiri dị iche iche; ''Yewededu Semon'' (2015), Yeink Kal (2015), na-arụ ọrụ dịka Sara, ''Lene Kalesh'' (2016), dị ka ọrụ Haymanot na onye na-emegide Abraham Belayneh, Des Sil (2017) na ''Arif Aychekulem'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inspiring Ethiopian film set for release {{!}} The Voice Online|url=https://archive.voice-online.co.uk/article/inspiring-ethiopian-film-set-release|work=archive.voice-online.co.uk|accessdate=2020-05-22|archivedate=2020-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101032609/https://archive.voice-online.co.uk/article/inspiring-ethiopian-film-set-release}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye nne nne ya zụlitere, ọ na-eto ya maka imetụta ịhụnanya ya maka ihe nkiri. Ọ pụtara na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri iri nke Etiopia, rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nlereanya na onye na-emetụta ụdị ndị a ma ama dị ka M.A.C., DIAGEO na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche nke gụnyere SAS Pharmacies, Royal Foam na ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ''ihe'' nlereanya a na-akwụ ụgwọ kachasị elu na Etiopia.<ref name=":0" /> Iwu ewu Hanan n'etiti ndị na-ege ya ntị anọgidewo na-arị elu kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Nke a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ukwuu site na itinye aka na ntụrụndụ ya na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta nke gụnyere Instagram, TikTok na Facebook ebe ọ na-enwe ndị na-eso ụzọ siri ike. Na mgbakwunye na ndụ ọrụ ya, Hanan na-ejikwa iwu ewu na mmetụta ya iji kwado ihe dị iche iche metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta pro bono na Studio Samuel ugbu a iji kwalite ike ụmụ nwanyị na Ethiopia.<ref name=":0" /> == Ndụ onwe == Hanan lụrụ enyi ya nwoke ya na ya yiri ogologo oge, Melake Brehan n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diretube.com/|title=Ethiopian Actress Hanan Tarq says "Yes"|work=Dire Tube|accessdate=2022-06-22|archivedate=2017-11-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110023736/https://diretube.com/}}</ref> Agbamakwụkwọ Hanan na Melake mere na 20 Mee 2017, ọtụtụ ndị ama ama bịara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopian Actress Hanan Tarik Sets to Marry on May 20|url=https://www.ethiogrio.com/news/54098-ethiopian-actress-hanan-tarik-sets-to-marry-on-may-20.html|author=Bel|first=Zenobia|date=2017-04-18|work=ethiogrio.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-08|archivedate=2017-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223164033/http://www.ethiogrio.com/news/54098-ethiopian-actress-hanan-tarik-sets-to-marry-on-may-20.html}}</ref> O nwere nwa nwoke, Christian (amụrụ na Disemba 2017) na [[Sweden]] na nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Lillian. A chọpụtara na ọ nọrọ na Etiopia mgbe ọ dị ime mana o kpebiri ịga Sweden, ebe o nwere ndị ikwu ka ọ mụọ nwa n'ihi nyocha ahụike na-emegiderịta onwe ya ọ natara mgbe ọ nọ na Etiopia. Taa, ọ bi na Etiopia mgbe ezinụlọ ya si Sweden lọta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.et/2017/12/03/actress-hanan-tariq/|title=ሃናን ታሪቅ በሃገሯ ለምን ልትወልድ እንዳልቻለች ለሰይፉ እያለቀሰች የነገረችው አሳዛኝ ምክንያት|author=Yemane|first=Fiyori|date=December 3, 2017|work=News.et}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ |- |2015 |''Astaraki''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ABOUT ME – Welcome to the Official Hanan Tarq|url=https://hanantarq.com/about-me/|accessdate=2021-08-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814150216/https://hanantarq.com/about-me/}}</ref> |Muna |- |2015 |''Yewededu Semon'' | |- |2015 |''Zewed Weys Gofer 2'' | |- |2015 |''Ọ na-ekwu na Kal'' |Sara |- |2016 |''Lambadina'' | |- |2016 |''Lene Kalesh'' |Haymanot |- |2017 |''Site na Sil'' | |- |2018 |''Arif Aychekulm'' | |- |2018 |''Misten Darring'' | |- |} === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |20152017 |''Wolafen'' (oge nke 3)<ref name=":0" /> |Roza |Obere ọrụ |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lralzhmtx9qgck5pzmndppb9wr7cfb0 0 17106 655806 577240 2026-06-15T01:51:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Maïmouna Hélène Diarra|image=|image_size=|caption=|birth_name=Maïmouna Hélène Diarra|birth_date=1955|birth_place=[[Segou]], [[Mali]]|nationality=Malian|alma_mater=|occupation=Actress|years_active=1981–present|children=|spouse=|known_for={{hlist |''[[Moolaadé]]'' (2004) |''[[Code Unknown]]'' (2000) |''Skirt Power'' ("Taafé Fanga") (1997)}}|website=}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Maïmouna Hélène Diarra''', nke a na-akpọkwa '''Helena Diarra'''<ref name="Fin">{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0121287/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i10|title=Finzan (1989)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> (1955 -June 10, 2021) bụ [[Actor|onye]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bamada.net/maison-des-cineastes-du-mali-cima-le-groupe-jamakan-remporte-le-concours-de-videos|title=HOUSE OF FILMMAKERS OF MALI (CIMA): THE JAMAKAN GROUP WINS THE VIDEO COMPETITION|publisher=Bamada.net|date=June 20, 2020|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> Mali na-eme ihe nkiri nke a maara maka ịrụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị meworo okenye site na nwata.<ref name="Int">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtbf.be/culture/cinema/detail_l-actrice-malienne-maimouna-helene-diarra-vieille-depuis-sa-jeunesse?id=9544466|title=Malian actress Maimouna Hélène Diarra, "old since her youth"!|date=March 3, 2017|publisher=RTBF|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=November 21, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121172046/https://www.rtbf.be/culture/cinema/detail_l-actrice-malienne-maimouna-helene-diarra-vieille-depuis-sa-jeunesse?id=9544466}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke International Fund for the Development of Active Retirement (FIDRA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abidjan.net/h/662842.html|title=Improving the quality of life of retirees / Hélène Diarra, CEO of FIDRA: "In retirement, you have to give meaning to your life"|date=September 7, 2019|publisher=@bidj@an.net|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=October 28, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028232848/https://news.abidjan.net/h/662842.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fratmat.info/article/204547/%C3%89conomie/lutte-contre-le-covid-19-le-fidra-remet-plus-de-40-millions-fcfa-de-kits-sanitaires-aux-associations-de-retraites|title=Fight against Covid-19: Fidra gives more than 40 million FCfa of health kits to associations of retirees|author=Bamba|first=Aboubakar|date=May 4, 2020|publisher=Fratmat|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abidjan.net/h/623155.html|title=4th edition of the Active Retirement Day / Hélène Diarra: `` retirement is not an end of life, but continuity in action ''|author=Elisha, B.|date=September 29, 2017|publisher=@bidj@an.net|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linfodrome.com/societe-culture/51439-6eme-edition-de-la-retraite-active-une-fondation-pour-bien-vieillir-en-afrique-voit-le-jour|title=6th edition of the day of active retirement: A foundation is born|date=September 26, 2019|publisher=Linfodrome|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fratmat.info/article/200786/Politique/Hamed%20Bakayoko/reconversion-des-militaires--les-partenaires-et-le-ministere-de-la-defense-finalisent-le-projet|title=Reconversion of the military: The partners and the Ministry of Defense finalize the project|author=Adou|first=Hervé|date=December 31, 2019|publisher=Fratmat|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Professional Association of Decentralized Financial Systems of Côte d'Ivoire (Apsfd-CI).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialafrik.com/2020/03/07/en-cote-divoire-la-microfinance-a-accorde-300-milliards-de-fcfa-de-prets/|title=In Côte d'Ivoire, microfinance has granted 300 billion FCFA in loans|author=Kamgate|first=Issouf|date=March 7, 2020|publisher=Financial Afrik|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abidjan.net/h/678469.html|title=Microfinance: Didier Logon elected president of the APSFD of Côte d'Ivoire|date=August 20, 2020|publisher=@bidj@an.net|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=August 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822143841/https://news.abidjan.net/h/678469.html}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Diarra n'afọ 1955 na Segou, [[Mali]]<ref name="Int"/> mana ọ ghọrọ nwa mgbe ọ dị obere ma bụrụ nwa mgbe ọ bụ nwanne nna ya na nne nne ya zụlitere ya. N'afọ 1975, a nabatara ya na National Pedagogical Institute for a Diploma of Fundamental Studies (DEF) na ọrụ nkuzi. Mgbe ọ gbanwere egwuregwu, n'etiti afọ 1975 na 1977 ọ gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Bamako Reds. N'afọ 1981, ọ nwetara diplọma na ihe nkiri na National Arts Institute (INA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maliactu.net/mali-que-sont-ils-devenus-maimouna-helene-diarra-sous-les-vivats-de-la-rue-publique/|title=Mali: Where are they now? Maimouna Helène Diarra: Under the cheers of the public street|date=August 29, 2020|publisher=Maliactu|language=French|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=November 21, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121185426/https://maliactu.net/mali-que-sont-ils-devenus-maimouna-helene-diarra-sous-les-vivats-de-la-rue-publique/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2000, e gosipụtara ya dịka "Aminate" na ihe nkiri Michael Haneke, Code Unknown . Ndị ọzọ gụnyere: [[Aïssa Maïga]], Juliette Binoche, Thierry Neuvic, Josef Bierbichler na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="CUDb">{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0216625/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1|title=Code Unknown (2000)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 29, 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, e gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri asụsụ Bambara nke Ousmane Sembène, Moolaadé, na-arụ ọrụ "Hadjatou".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planocritico.com/critica-moolaade/|title=CRITICISM {{!}} MOOLAADÉ|author=Santiago|first=Luiz|date=November 24, 2020|publisher=Plano Crítico|language=Portuguese|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/archives/cfseries/cfs28.html|title=THE FILMS OF OUSMANE SEMBÈNE: MOOLAADÉ|publisher=University of Albany|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ gụnyere: Fatoumata Coulibaly na Salimata Traoré. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'afọ 2007 Ebertfest .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/roger-eberts-great-movies/|title=Celebrating Roger Ebert's Great Movies|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka onyinye "Ihe nkiri kacha mma" na Cannes Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.filmaffinity.com/us/awards-history.php?award_id=cannes&cat_id=un_certain_regard_best_film|title=Cannes Film Festival - Un Certain Regard Prize: Best Film|publisher=Film Affinity|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=November 21, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121205341/https://m.filmaffinity.com/us/awards-history.php?award_id=cannes&cat_id=un_certain_regard_best_film}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Abderrahmane Sissako, ''Bamako'', ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ "Saramba".<ref name="Bam">{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0814666/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i3|title=Bamako (2006)|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.chicagoreader.com/chicago/bamako/Film?oid=5779914|title=Bamako|publisher=Chicago Reader|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=October 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021081838/https://m.chicagoreader.com/chicago/bamako/Film?oid=5779914}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ gosipụtara gụnyere: [[Aïssa Maïga]] na [[Tiécoura Traoré]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/64149|title=Bamako (2006)|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geekvibesnation.com/art-house-cinema-streaming-platform-ovid-tv-announces-november-release-slate/|title=Art-House Cinema Streaming Platform OVID.tv Announces November Release Slate|author=Gonzales|first=Dillon|date=November 8, 2020|publisher=Geek Vibes Nation|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frenchfilmfestival-archives.us/wp-content/archives_festivals/2007/bamako.html|title=Director Abderrahmane Sissako presents this special screening of Bamako|publisher=French Film Festival|accessdate=November 30, 2020|archivedate=November 21, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121172046/http://www.frenchfilmfestival-archives.us/wp-content/archives_festivals/2007/bamako.html}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Afọ ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ihe nkiri ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ọrụ ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ihe edeturu ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |2011 |''Ugo ududo'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''Nah'') |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2174201/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i4|title=Toiles d'araignées (2011)|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=November 29, 2020}}</ref> |- |2007 |''Faro: Chi nwanyị nke Mmiri'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''Kouta'') |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0969259/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i2|title=Faro: Goddess of the Waters (2007)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> |- |2006 |''Bamako'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''Saramba'') |Ihe nkiri |<ref name="Bam"/> |- |2004 |''Moolaadé'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''Hadjatou'') |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0416991/|title=Moolaadé (2004)|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=November 29, 2020}}</ref> |- |2000 |''Koodu A Na-amaghị'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''Aminate'') |Ihe nkiri |<ref name="CuDb">{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0814666/?ref_=m_nm_knf_t1|title=Code Unknown (2000)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 29, 2020}}</ref> |- |1999 |''Jenesis ("Jenesis")'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (Lea) |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0201634/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_t6|title=Genesis (1999)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> |- |1997 |''Ike'' Skirt ("Taafé Fanga") |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (Timbé) |Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0120266/?ref_=m_nm_knf_t3|title=Skirt Power (1997)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 29, 2020}}</ref> |- |1996 |''Agbụrụ Macadam'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''nwunye Machó'') |Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0116952/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_t8|title=Macadam tribu (1996)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> |- |1995 |''Guimba Onye Ọchịchị Ukwu'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (''Meya'') |Ihe ọchị, Ihe nkiri, Ihe E Mere Eme |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0113233/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_t9|title=Guimba the Tyrant (1995)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> |- |1989 |''Finzan'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri (dị ka Helena Diarra) |Ihe nkiri |<ref name="Fin"/> |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0224821/ Hélène Diarra] na [[IMDb]] * [https://www.premiere.fr/Star/Maimouna-Helene-Diarra Maimouna Hélène Diarra] na Premiere [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7r1a46ef1s8ampkyt7b0t68t8bkn441 0 17124 655796 137865 2026-06-14T20:55:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hachimiya Ahamada''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1976) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri French nke si Comoros, nke a maara maka ihe nkiri ya gbasara ndị Comoros.<ref name="Planet2016">{{Cite book|title=The Travel Book: A Journey Through Every Country in the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBYsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT90|year=2016|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-78657-398-8}}</ref> == Ndụ == A mụrụ Hachimiya Ahamada na Dunkirk na 1976 nye nne na nna ndị Comoros.<ref name="africine">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201016140211/http://www.africine.org/?menu=fiche&no=8246 Hachimiya Ahamada], africine.org</ref> O mere ihe ngosi dị mkpirikpi dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ụlọ ọrụ vidio Dunkirk, ma mesịa mụọ ntụziaka ihe nkiri na INSAS na Brussels. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2004. E sere ihe nkiri ya dị mkpirikpi The Ylang Ylang Residence (2008) na Comoros Islands, na n'asụsụ Comorian. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ihe karịrị mmemme mba ịrị ato na ise, nke gụnyere International Critics Week na 2008 Cannes Film Festival.<ref name="Halidi">Adjimaël Halidi, [Entretien /Hachimiya AHAMADA : Une cinéaste du terroir], Regarder l’archipel des Comores autrement, 1 January 2011. Translated by Beti Ellerson as [http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2011/02/hashimiyah-ahamada-filmmaker-of-land.html Hachimiya Ahamada: A Filmmaker of the Land], African Women in Cinema, 1 February 2011.</ref><ref name="Dreams">Beti Ellerson, [http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2011/12/hachimiya-ahamada-dreams-from-comoros.html Hachimiya Ahamada: Dreams from the Comoros], African Women in Cinema, 1 December 2011.</ref> Ọ meriri ihe nrite na 2009 Quintessenve International Film Festival nke Ouidah, 2009 Francophone Festival nke Vaulx-en-Velin, na 2009 African, Asian na Latin American Film Festival nke Milan.<ref name="Halidi" /> Ahamada na-arụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, ''Maïssane ma ọ bụ Canticle'' of the Stars.<ref name="africine"/> == Ihe nkiri == * Ọ bụ nrọ ha [The Dream of Fire], 2004. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi. * ''Ebe obibi Ylang Ylang'' [The Ylang Y lang Residence], 2008. Ọ dị mkpirikpi. * L'Ivresse d'une Oasis [Ashes of Dreams], 2011. Ihe omuma. == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|4710923}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ryx4u1j9rzm8lbhxz16jm7jrg3w8mo4 0 19277 655836 213424 2026-06-15T10:59:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jade Pennock''' (amụrụ na abali asatọ nke onwa Jenụwarị afọ 1993) bụ onye ọkachamara na bọọlụ nke na agba bọọlụ nye FA Women's Super League club Birmingham City .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Atherton|first=Matt|date=2021-09-03|title=WSL done deals: All Women's Super League transfers ahead of new season - squads IN FULL|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/1485091/wsl-transfers-all-womens-super-league-new-season-evg|accessdate=2021-09-29|work=Express.co.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WSL Summer Transfers|url=http://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/en/Article/Summer-Transfers-2021-WSL-20210518|accessdate=2021-08-26|work=womenscompetitions.thefa.com|language=en}}</ref> Ọ na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ, na-agbaputa bọọlụ na aka onye na-eme egwuregwu na abụghị onye otu ya n'etiti , mgbe ụfọdụ, dị ka onye ọgba ọsọbinye goolu Ọ bụ onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na onye kacha nyere aka na Sheffield United's Championship history.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-30|title=Birmingham: The Blues look to new signings to avoid another relegation fight – WSL Preview|url=https://www.givemesport.com/1744960-birmingham-the-blues-look-to-new-signings-to-avoid-another-relegation-fight-wsl-preview|accessdate=2021-08-30|work=GiveMeSport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Pennock nọchitekwara anya Leeds na Doncaster Belles.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Speight|first=Rich|date=2022-01-30|title=Lasses Match Preview: Underdogs Sunderland face Birmingham in the FA Cup 4th Round today!|url=https://rokerreport.sbnation.com/2022/1/30/22905358/lasses-match-preview-underdogs-sunderland-face-birmingham-in-the-fa-cup-4th-round-today|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=Roker Report|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[File:PennockContract.jpg|thumb|mbinyeaka ọrụ Pennock]] === Ndị ntorobịa na kọleji === Pennock malitere ọrụ ntorobịa ya na Leeds na afọ 2001; ọ meriri County Cup na afọ 2009 ma họpụta ya di onye ọgba egwuregwu n'ejikwa bọọlụ nke afọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://montevallofalcons.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jade-pennock/1309|title=Jade Pennock profile|work=University of Montevallo}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya 'onye mbido nke afọ' mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Montevallo.<ref name="sufc.co.uk">{{Cite web|title=Jade Pennock|url=https://www.sufc.co.uk/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Sheffield United FC}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gachara Mahadum Montevallo, ọ gafere Mahadum North Georgia maka afọ ikpeazụ ya na afọ 2015, na-aga n'ihu na-enwe otu n'ime oge kachasị mma [peacock prose] na ihe mere eme nke mahadum ahụ.<ref name="UNG">{{Cite web|url=https://ungathletics.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jade-pennock/1406|title=Jade Pennock profile|work=University of North Georgia}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Jade Pennock - Graduate Assistant Women's Soccer Coach - Women's Soccer Coaches|url=https://ungathletics.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/coaches/jade-pennock/100|accessdate=16 March 2021|work=University of North Georgia Athletics|language=en}}</ref> A họpụtara Pennock maka ndị otu PBC All-Tournament All-Stars, ma nata nsọpụrụ All-American site na NSCAA.<ref name="auto" /><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jade Pennock - 2015 - Women's Soccer|url=https://ungathletics.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jade-pennock/1406|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=University of North Georgia Athletics|language=en}}</ref> A kpọrọ Pennock onyeisi mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu maka UNG ma bụrụ naanị onye egwuregwu nke anọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mahadum a kpọrọ aha na ndị otu nsọpụrụ All-American 'afọ 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Dean|author=Dyer|date=2015-12-04|title=Jade Pennock Named to NSCAA All-America Team|url=https://www.wrwh.com/jade-pennock-named-to-nscaa-all-america-team/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=WRWH|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Four Lenoir-Rhyne Players Garner 2015 All-Southeast Region Accolades By The NSCAA|url=https://lrbears.com/news/2015/12/3/ID_3694_131238845219625682_131238845219625682.aspx?path=wsoc|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Lenoir-Rhyne University Athletics|language=en}}</ref> === Doncaster Belles === N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2017, Pennock si na obodo Harrogate kwaga Doncaster Belles ebe ọ meriri asọmpi WSL2.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-17|title=Jade Pennock transfers to Birmingham City|url=https://footbalada.com/women-super-league/jade-pennock-transfers-to-birmingham-city/|accessdate=2021-09-29|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929121017/https://footbalada.com/women-super-league/jade-pennock-transfers-to-birmingham-city/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pennock signs for Doncaster Belles|url=https://www.harrogatetownafc.com/news-media/jade-pennock-joins-wsl-doncaster-belles|work=Harrogate Town WFC|accessdate=2022-09-03|archivedate=2021-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729023122/https://www.harrogatetownafc.com/news-media/jade-pennock-joins-wsl-doncaster-belles/}}</ref><ref name="sports.yahoo.com">{{Cite web|title=What we learned from women's football this weekend: Club World Cup calls, celebrating centurions and the Championship's secret scorer|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/learned-women-football-weekend-club-092513340.html|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=sports.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519083655/https://sports.yahoo.com/learned-women-football-weekend-club-092513340.html}}</ref> Pennock gbara goolu nke buliri Doncaster<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jade Pennock|url=https://www.bcfc.com/birmingham-city-women/players/jade-pennock/|accessdate=2021-08-30|work=Birmingham City Football Club|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Frith">{{Cite web|author=Frith|first=Wilf|date=2021-07-17|title=Birmingham City Women sign former Blades winger Jade Pennock|url=https://shekicks.net/birmingham-city-women-sign-former-blades-winger-jade-pennock/|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=SheKicks|language=en-GB}}</ref> Belles nwee mmeri n'asọmpi otu ọkpụ n'asataghi na Millwall na otu egwuregwu fọdụrụ na league.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Doncaster Rovers Belles win WSL 2 title|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44100763|accessdate=2021-05-12}}</ref> === Sheffield United === Pennock bịanyere aka na Sheffield United n'abalị iri abụọ na isii nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 2018.<ref name="sufc.co.uk"/> N'afọ 2019, a mara ọkwa Pennock dị ka onye egwuregwu Sheffield United nke Afo , onye egwuregwu ndị egwuregwu nke afo na onye njikwa egwuregwu nke de l'année. Mgbe o nye gara goolu megide Crystal Palace na goolu nke na-esote na cameo megide Charlton na afọ 2019, The Telegraph & Yahoo Sports kọrọ na Pennock nwere ikike ịnye otu goolu na nkeji 62.1 ọ bụla n'oge ahụ, ebe ọ gbara goolu irí na anọ na egwuregwu iri na atọ ikpeazụ ya.<ref name="sports.yahoo.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|author=Penney|first=Sophie|date=2019-10-28|title=What we learned from women's football this weekend: Club World Cup calls, celebrating centurions and the Championship's secret scorer|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/10/28/learned-womens-football-weekend-club-world-cup-calls-celebrating/|accessdate=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Man City progress despite penalty shootout loss to Man Utd - Women's Super League Cup round-up|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12136792/man-city-progress-despite-penalty-shootout-loss-to-man-utd-womens-super-league-cup-round-up|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2019, ọ jikọtara ọrụ bọọlụ ya na ọrụ ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na YMCA, nke pụtara na ọ gara naanị nkuzi abụọ n'ime oge ọzụzụ abalị atọ nke klọb ahụ na-eme kwa izu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pontefractandcastlefordexpress.co.uk/sport/football/pontefracts-jade-pennock-rising-star-sheffield-united-women-820997|title=Pontefract's Jade Pennock is rising star with Sheffield United Women|work=www.pontefractandcastlefordexpress.co.uk}}</ref> Mgbe Sheffield United sonyeere ọkwa nke abụọ nke bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị England, Pennock ghọrọ onye kacha gbaa goolu ma nyere aka Onye otu ya aka n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pennock taking the positives into Coventry|url=https://www.sufc.co.uk/news/2020/october/Pennock-taking-the-positives-into-Coventry/|accessdate=17 March 2021|work=Sheffield United FC}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Pennock gbara goolu mmeri nke nkeji iri itoolu na anọ megide ndị otu Super League nke ụmụ nwanyị bụ Liverpool n'ihe a kpọrọ mmeri "ịtụnanya" goolu atọ asatara abụọ nke Sheffield na iko Continental.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Blades fight back to shock Liverpool in Cup|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49753731|accessdate=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Liverpool Women 2 Sheffield United Women 3|url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/liverpool-women-2-sheffield-united-women-3-636222|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=www.thestar.co.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Liverpool scalp renews belief for Sheffield United Women|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/football/sheffield-united/latest-blades-news/liverpool-scalp-renews-belief-sheffield-united-women-1749531|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's Liverpool preview|url=https://www.sufc.co.uk/news/2021/april/Women-s-Liverpool-preview/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Sheffield United FC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Liverpool 2-3 Sheffield United|url=http://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/220919-Liverpool-2-Sheff-Utd-3|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=womenscompetitions.thefa.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-22|title=Women's Continental League Cup roundup: Liverpool shocked by Sheffield United|url=https://www.newschainonline.com/sport/womens-sport/football/womens-league-cup-roundup-liverpool-shocked-while-man-city-and-arsenal-make-brilliant-starts-1714|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=www.newschainonline.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716053216/https://www.newschainonline.com/sport/womens-sport/football/womens-league-cup-roundup-liverpool-shocked-while-man-city-and-arsenal-make-brilliant-starts-1714}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-22|title=Charles cameo unable to prevent LFC from late cup loss|url=https://www.thisisanfield.com/2019/09/niamh-charles-impressive-cameo-unable-to-steer-liverpool-fc-women-from-late-cup-loss/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=This Is Anfield|language=en-GB}}</ref> Pennock bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ịgba bọọlụ otu afọ na Sheffield United, n'ihu oge asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 2020 na 21.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Seychell|first=Luke|date=23 June 2020|title=Sheffield United: Trio sign new deals at the club|url=https://www.footballtransfertavern.com/sheffield-united-news/sheffield-united-trio-sign-new-deals-at-the-club/|accessdate=17 March 2021|work=The Transfer Tavern|language=en-US|archivedate=16 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716053141/https://www.footballtransfertavern.com/sheffield-united-news/sheffield-united-trio-sign-new-deals-at-the-club/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Frith|first=Wilf|date=22 June 2020|title=Three sign new contracts with Sheffield United Women|url=https://shekicks.net/three-sign-new-contracts-with-sheffield-united-women/|accessdate=17 March 2021|work=SheKicks|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2020|title=Sheffield United re-sign trio of players|url=https://www.newschainonline.com/sport/womens-sport/sheffield-united-re-sign-katie-wilkinson-jade-pennock-and-maddy-cusack-14749|accessdate=17 March 2021|work=www.newschainonline.com|language=en|archivedate=16 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716053218/https://www.newschainonline.com/sport/womens-sport/sheffield-united-re-sign-katie-wilkinson-jade-pennock-and-maddy-cusack-14749}}</ref> Pennock nyere goolu mbụ nke Neil Redfern dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa Sheffield United na afọ 2020 ka ọ gbara goolu ugboro abụọ megide ndị na-emegide asọmpi Championship London City Lionesses.<ref>{{Cite web|title=London City Lionesses 1-4 Sheffield United|url=http://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/en/Article/London-City-Lionesses-1-4-Sheffield-United-060920|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=womenscompetitions.thefa.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Neil Redfearn named LMA Manager of the Month|url=https://www.sufc.co.uk/news/2020/october/Neil-Redfearn-named-LMA-Manager-of-the-Month/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Sheffield United FC}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụo na anọ nke ọnwa Mee afọ 2021, Pennock kwupụtara na ọ ga-ahapụ Sheffield United mgbe oge atọ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fisher|first=Bethany|date=2021-05-27|title=Three potential destinations for former Blades star Jade Pennock – opinion|url=https://herfootballhub.com/three-potential-destinations-for-former-blades-star-jade-pennock-opinion/|accessdate=2021-06-09|work=Her Football Hub|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-24|title=Attacker Pennock to leave Sheffield United|url=https://fawslfulltime.co.uk/2021/05/24/attacker-pennock-to-leave-sheffield-united/|accessdate=2021-06-09|work=FAWSL Full-Time|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Six United Women players to depart|url=https://www.sufc.co.uk/news/2021/june/Six-United-Women-players-to-depart/|accessdate=2021-06-09|work=Sheffield United FC}}</ref> <gallery> File:Lewes FC Women 0 Sheff Utd Women 2 24 01 2021-346.jpg File:Lewes FC Women 0 Sheff Utd Women 2 24 01 2021-332.jpg File:Lewes FC Women 0 Sheff Utd Women 2 24 01 2021-381.jpg|thumb|Sheff Utd </gallery> === Birmingham City === N'abali iri na asaa nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, Pennock bịanyere aka na Birmingham City, na Women's Super League, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ bịanyere aha n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ Scott Booth.<ref name="Frith"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Birmingham City get started with Pennock|url=https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2021/07/18/womens-football/1078496-birmingham-city-get-started-with-pennock.html|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=VAVEL|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jade Pennock Pens Blues Deal|url=https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2021/jade-pennock-pens-blues-deal/|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=Birmingham City Football Club|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717115243/https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2021/jade-pennock-pens-blues-deal/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Reis|first=Bruna|date=2021-07-27|title=The rise of Women's football in the West Midlands|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/rise-womens-football-west-midlands-21133238|accessdate=2021-12-09|work=BirminghamLive|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Birmingham sign Blades winger Pennock|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/57874492|accessdate=2021-07-17}}</ref> <gallery> File:Jade Pennock Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City Women 4 05 02 2023-249 (52671247561).jpg|thumb|Egwuregwu umunwaayi Birmingham City File:Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City Women 4 05 02 2023-122 (52671243286).jpg File:Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City Women 4 05 02 2023-288 (52671545754).jpg </gallery> Pennock nyere goolu mbụ ya nke Birmingham na nke atọ ya nke otu ahụ n'oge egwuregwu WSL megide Everton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Everton Women 3-1 Birmingham Women highlights|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/everton-women-vs-birmingham-city-women/live/456256|accessdate=2021-09-29|work=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-27|title=Women's Super League: talking points from the weekend's action|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/sep/27/womens-super-league-talking-points-from-the-weekends-action|accessdate=2021-09-29|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2022, Pennock gbara nkeji iri itoolu niile nke mmeri Birmingham meriri Arsenal n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-09|title=Birmingham stun WSL leaders Arsenal to secure first win of the season|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/arsenal-birmingham-wsl-super-league-steph-houghton-b1989575.html|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-09|title=Birmingham stun WSL leaders Arsenal to secure first win of the season|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/arsenal-birmingham-wsl-super-league-steph-houghton-b1989575.html|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> A na-akpọ mmeri ahụ dị ka nnukwu ihe ịtụnanya WSL n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya ma họrọ Pennock maka otu Her Football Hub WSL nke izu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Verri|first=Matt|date=2022-01-09|title=Birmingham 2-0 Arsenal: Leaders suffer first WSL defeat in huge upset|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/birmingham-arsenal-result-women-s-super-league-b975741.html|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=www.standard.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> A họpụtara goolu Pennock maka Birmingham megide Reading na FA Women's Super League ọgụgụ ịnye goolu WSL nke ọnwa ahụ ma hụ arụmọrụ ya na ndị otu nke izu ahụ, nke Siobhan Chamberlain họọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-23|title=Women's Super League round-up: Manchester United defeat Spurs, Chelsea held at Brighton & Hove Albion|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/barclays-fa-wsl/2021-2022/women-s-super-league-round-up-man-utd-defeat-spurs-chelsea-held-at-brighton-hove-albion_sto8732476/story.shtml|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=Eurosport|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Jennings|first=Will|date=2022-01-23|title=Carter delivers scathing Birmingham City verdict after costly loss at Reading|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/birmingham-city-wsl-reading-carter-22847307|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=BirminghamLive|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Royals trio nominated for Manager, Player and Goal of the Month awards|url=https://readingfc.co.uk//news/2022/february/03/royals-trio-nominated-for-manager--player-and-goal-of-the-month-awards-/|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=Reading FC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-10|title=Reading FC Women's Natasha Dowie scoops FA WSL 'Goal of the Month'|url=https://www.footballinbracknell.co.uk/news/womens-football/61049/tash-dowie-scoops-fawsl-goal-of-the-month-for-january/|accessdate=2022-02-19|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219154809/https://www.footballinbracknell.co.uk/news/womens-football/61049/tash-dowie-scoops-fawsl-goal-of-the-month-for-january/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/barclaysfawsl/status/1486045454001451010|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Pennock na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'akụkụ onye egwuregwu Manchester United na onye mba England Leah Galton nke SRUSA, mmemme agụmakwụkwọ nke na-enyere ndị na-eto eto na-agba bọọlụ aka ịchọta ebe na mahadum na United States.<ref>{{Cite web|author=O'Neill|first=Jen|date=30 April 2019|title=Sports Recruiting USA – Summer Showcase 2019 Event Details Released|url=https://shekicks.net/sports-recruiting-usa-summer-showcase-2019-event-details-released/|accessdate=17 March 2021|work=SheKicks|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Fatima|first=Sarah|date=16 August 2020|title=Jade Pennock on US Football|url=https://www.sportageous.co/jade-pennock-sheffield-united-football-us|work=Sportageous|accessdate=3 September 2022|archivedate=16 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716054727/https://www.sportageous.co/jade-pennock-sheffield-united-football-us/}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 2021, Pennock pụtara na telivishọn ụmụ nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu bọọlụ nke obere usoro ihe nkiri Throw in the Kitchen Sink na-ekwu maka ihe ịma aka nke ndị egwuregwu na-eme ka bọọlụ ọkara ọkachamara na ọrụ kwụsiri ike.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Goulding|first=Georgia|date=2021-05-06|title=Throw in the Kitchen Sink: New doc tackles hardships in women's football|url=https://herfootballhub.com/throw-in-the-kitchen-sink-tiks-new-series -womens-football-issues/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=Her Football Hub|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kujawa|first=Taylor|date=2021-05-04|title=TIKS: Women's football documentary highlights the champions of the sport|url=https://frameofmotion.wordpress.com/2021/05/04/throw-in-the-kitchen-sink-tiks-womens-football-documentary-highlights-champions-of-the-sport/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Frame of Motion|language=en}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Doncaster Belles''' * Ndị mmeri Super League 2 nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2017-18<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-11|title=WSL 2 2017-18 season review|url=https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2018/06/11/womens-football/919215-wsl-2-2017-18-season-review.html|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=VAVEL|language=en}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * All-American All-Star Team NSCAA: 2015 * Onye egwuregwu nke ọnwa nke FA Women's Championship: Ọktoba 2019<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 November 2019|title=Sheffield United's Jade Pennock has been named October's @FAWC_ Player of the Month!|url=https://twitter.com/herfootballhub/status/1192491837791129600|accessdate=17 March 2021|work=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> * Sheffield United Player of the Year: 2019 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ifh6ablmdvz53zspqr0404ifrz2mf35 0 20869 655820 98732 2026-06-15T07:04:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Indubil''' bụ okwu mkparị a na-asụ na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] . A hụla ya kemgbe ihe dị ka na afọ iri isii - onye na-agụ egwú [[Sam Mangwana]] kwuru na ojiji ya na okwu tupu afọ iri asaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghetto Blaster : Et la rumba congolaise rythma les indépendances|url=http://www.sebtheplayer.com/ghetto-blaster-et-la-rumba-congolaise-rythma-les-independances/|accessdate=20 February 2011|archivedate=16 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716025926/http://www.sebtheplayer.com/ghetto-blaster-et-la-rumba-congolaise-rythma-les-independances/}}</ref> Indubil gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Lingala, mana na ọganihu ya na-aga n'ihu ọ mụtara Kindubile, asụsụ ndị ntorobịa na Katanga nke na-eji Swahili dị ka asụsụ matrix ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The spread of Indubil through DR Congo: context and modalities|author=Georges Mulumbwa Mutambwa|url=http://www.vad-ev.de/2010/index.php/en/programme/zu-den-panels/panels-papers/doc_view/120-mutambwa-the-spread-of-indubil-through-dr-congo|accessdate=20 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719111839/http://www.vad-ev.de/2010/index.php/en/programme/zu-den-panels/panels-papers/doc_view/120-mutambwa-the-spread-of-indubil-through-dr-congo|archivedate=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> 6g8t38je7l4u7gxyfydwd73gjf7ighr 0 22293 655803 212608 2026-06-15T01:02:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655803 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Haase_1905.jpg|thumb|Hugo Haase]] '''Hugo Haase''' (29 Septemba 1863 na 7 Nọvemba 1919) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị German, onye ọka iwu na onye na-eme udo. Ya na Friedrich Ebert, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Council of the People's Deputies mgbe German Revolution nke 1918-19 gasịrị. Amụrụ Hugo Haase n'ụbọchị 29 Septemba 1863 na Allenstein, East Prussia, Germany (nke bụzi Olsztyn, [[Poland]]), nwa nwoke nke onye Juu na-eme akpụkpọ ụkwụ na obere onye ọchụnta ego, Nathan Haase, na nwunye ya Pauline (née Anker).<ref name="Bio" /> Mgbe ọ gachara Gymnasium na Rastenburg, Haase gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Königsberg (nke bụ Kaliningrad, Russia ugbu a), sonyeere Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) n'afọ 1887 ma n'afọ sochirinụ guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye ọka iwu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&q=Hugo+Haase&pg=PA529|title=Encyclopedia of World War I|first=Spencer|author=Tucker|year=2005|isbn=9781851094202}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ọka iwu nke mbụ na East Prussia ma na-eburu ndị ahịa karịsịa site na ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala (ndị ọrụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo), ndị nta akụkọ na ndị ọrụ nke ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'afọ 1894, Haase ghọrọ onye Social Democrat mbụ na ụlọ omebe iwu obodo (''Stadtverordnetenversammlung'') nke Königsberg. N'afọ 1897, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye Reichstag na ntuli aka.<ref name="DHM" /> [[Usòrò:Hugo Haase street, sign, Praha.jpg|thumb|Hugo Haase]] N'ọtụtụ ikpe ikpe, ọ gbachitere ndị Social Democrats megide ebubo dị iche iche metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ikpe ndị a ma ama nke mere ka a mara ya na mba ahụ niile gụnyere ihe a na-akpọ ''Königsberger Geheimbundprozeß'' n'afọ 1904, ebe o nwetara nnwere onwe maka ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gụnyere Minista Onye isi ala nke Prussia, Otto Braun. N'afọ 1907, Haase bụ onye ndụmọdụ maka Karl Liebknecht (SPD) onye e boro ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru maka ibipụta ''Militarismus'' und Antimilitarismus.<ref name="DHM"/> Haase bụ onye a na-akpọ "revisionist" nke pati ahụ, nke dị iche na ndị Marxist, kwadoro mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu n'ihu ma ghara ịhụ ụzọ kachasị mma maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgbanwe. N'afọ 1911, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche SPD ya na August Bebel, n'afọ 1912, a họpụtara Haase ọzọ na Reichstag, ya na Philipp Scheidemann, ghọrọ onye isi ala nke otu SPD Reichstag. Mgbe Bebel nwụsịrị n'afọ 1913, a họpụtara Haase na Friedrich Ebert dị ka ndị isi oche nke pati.<ref name="DHM"/> Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye ọka iwu (nke nwere ọfịs na Berlin ugbu a). N'adịghị ka Ebert, Bebel na Scheidemann, Haase abụghị onye ọrụ otu obodo kama ọ bụ onye nwere ọgụgụ isi.<ref name="Bio"/> N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1914, ọ haziri nzukọ ndị na-emegide Agha Ụwa Mbụ nke SPD ma na 31 Julaị na 1 Ọgọstụ lụọ ọgụ maka SPD ka ọ tụgharịa vootu na Reichstag megide mmụba nke ụgwọ agha. Otú ọ dị, o nweghị ike ime nke a n'ihi mmegide nke Friedrich Ebert na ndị otu ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ. Na nzukọ siri ike nke ndị nnọchiteanya SPD na 3 Ọgọstụ, ọ bụ naanị Haase na ndị ọzọ 13 jụrụ ịkwado ego ahụ. N'ịdabere na ịdọ aka ná ntị nke otu, Haase wee vootu maka mgbazinye ego na Reichstag ma, dị ka onyeisi oche, ọ ga-agbachitere ntuli aka SPD na nnọkọ nke 4 Ọgọst.<ref name="DHM">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/HaaseHugo/index.html|title=Biografie Hugo Haase (German)|publisher=Deutsches Historisches Museum|accessdate=13 December 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/HaaseHugo/index.html "Biografie Hugo Haase (German)"]. Deutsches Historisches Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Bio"/> Ọ bụ Haase gụrụ nkwupụta nke pati ahụ na "anyị agaghị ahapụ ala nna anyị n'oge ihe ize ndụ", na nzaghachi nke gọọmentị eze ukwu mepụtara ihe a na-akpọ Burgfrieden.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=816&language=english|title=The Socialists Support the War|date=August 4, 1914|accessdate=October 16, 2022|archivedate=August 23, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823115549/http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=816}}</ref> Mgbe ọdịda nke atụmatụ agha ndị Germany na ngwụcha afọ 1914, Haase bịara na-ekwukwa okwu megide iwu nke otu SPD. A manyere ya ịgba arụkwaghịm dị ka onye ndú otu n'afọ 1915. N'ọnwa Juun ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ''Gebot der Stunde'' nke megidere ebumnuche agha nke gọọmentị. N'ọnwa Machị 1916, Haase na ndị nnọchi anya SPD 18 ndị ọzọ vootu megide mmefu ego mberede nke gọọmentị. A manyere ya ịhapụ ọrụ dịka onye isi oche nke SPD. O guzobere ma duzie Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft. N'ọnwa Eprel 1917, Haase ghọrọ onye isi oche nke otu Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) nke e guzobere ọhụrụ, nke kewara site na nke a na-akpọ "Majority Social Democrats" ma kwado mkparịta ụka udo ozugbo.<ref name="DHM"/><ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz24951.html|title=Biografie Hugo Haase(German)|publisher=Bayerische Nationalbibliothek|accessdate=13 December 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz24951.html "Biografie Hugo Haase(German)"]. Bayerische Nationalbibliothek<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> N'oge German Revolution n'ọnwa Nọvemba 1918, ya na onye isi Social Democrats Ebert, Haase ghọrọ onye isi oche nke gọọmentị nwa oge, Council of the People's Deputies. Haase si otú a kewapụ onwe ya na ndị nọ na USPD bụ ndị na-achọ iguzobe ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị proletariat site na ndị agha na ndị ọrụ dị ike.<ref name="DHM"/> Mgbe Kansụl nke Ebert duziri nyere iwu ka a kpochapụ ndị ''Volksmarinedivision'' na-eme mgbanwe n'oge Krismas afọ 1918, Haase na ndị nnọchi anya USPD abụọ ndị ọzọ Wilhelm Dittman na Emil Barth hapụrụ gọọmentị n'ụbọchị 29 Disemba iji mee mkpesa.<ref name="DHM"/> Ọbụna n'oge ahụ, Haase kwadoro imekọ ihe ọnụ na SPD ma kwado ntuli aka nke Weimar National Assembly na echiche abụọ a na-adịghị ewu ewu na pati ya ebe ọtụtụ ndị họọrọ mba nke kansụl.<ref name="Bio"/> Mgbe e guzobesịrị ''Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands'' (KPD) na ngwụcha afọ 1918 / mmalite n'afọ 1919, Haase rụrụ ụka maka njikọta n'etiti USPD na ọtụtụ SPD.<ref name="DHM"/> N'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ a, ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'ọtụtụ SPD kpọrọ ya asị. Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ịdị adị nke USPD nyere nhọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'aka ekpe nke SPD, nke na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa nye ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ. Iji nọgide na-akwado ndị na-eme mgbanwe, a manyere ndị isi SPD ka ha na-eduzi ụzọ aka ekpe karịa ka ha gaara ahọrọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha hapụ ha na ngwaọrụ nke ha. O mekwara ka ọrụ ha na-enye ndị mmadụ nri, na-edebe iwu na usoro ma na-ewepụ nnukwu ndị agha n'oge agha ka ha na-eji mba dochie Alaeze Ukwu ahụ site n'iyi egwu imegide ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-agbaso omenala na, ọkachasị, ndị isi ndị agha.<ref name="Bio" /> USPD nke Haase duziri nwetara pasent 7 nke votu maka National Assembly n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 19, 1919. N'ụbọchị 8 Ọktoba 1919, ozugbo tupu ọnwụ ya, Haase na-agagharị na Reichstag na ebumnuche nke ikpughe njikọ aka n'etiti Ebert na Rüdiger Von der Goltz, onye Freikorps na-arụ ọrụ na Baltic. Johann Voss gbara ya égbè ka ọ na-abanye n'ụlọ ahụ. A mara Voss dị ka onye isi mgbaka n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ma tinye ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'akụkụ aka ekpe tụrụ aro na ọ bụ onye na-egbu egbu a na-akwụ ụgwọ.<ref name="CW">{{Cite journal|title=Infected Wounds Kill Hugo Haase|journal=The Communist World|date=15 November 1919|volume=1|issue=3|url=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/thecommunist/communistworld-ny/v1n03-nov-15-1919-com-world-NY-opt.pdf|accessdate=4 December 2017}}</ref> Haase merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu ma nwụọ n'ụbọchị 7 Nọvemba.<ref name="DHM" /> E liri Haase na Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde na Berlin. Hugo Haase lụrụ Thea (née Lichtenstein), onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke Ernest, nwa nwanyị Gertrude, na nwa nwanyị Hilde.<ref name="Bio" /> == Ebenside == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] auxq1suqo9m68aiwzn0b1i9ta2x1g9d 0 22747 655802 138132 2026-06-14T23:28:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Hellen Murshali''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Sudan. N'afọ 2011, ọ bụ Minista nke Ọdịmma Ọha nke Central Equatoria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gurtong.net/Governance/Governments/GovernmentofSouthSudanStates/CentralEquatoriaState/tabid/329/Default.aspx|title=Central Equatoria State|publisher=Gurtong|accessdate=4 August 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, Hellen Murshali Boro ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa nke ụmụaka nwere ntụkwasị obi site na esemokwu, na-enyere ụmụ mgbei na ụmụaka a na-eleghara anya na South Sudan aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Logonyi|first=Denis|date=9 April 2022|title=My life with orphans, neglected children|url=https://cityreviewss.com/my-life-with-orphans-neglected-children/|accessdate=12 August 2022|work=The City Review|archivedate=11 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811143018/https://cityreviewss.com/my-life-with-orphans-neglected-children/}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hlxe93syzv7qjrhec5godepzoqc2hze 0 23340 655812 108494 2026-06-15T06:20:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655812 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Ikponwosa bụ onye ọka iwu na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ nke mba ụwa. Ọ bụ onye ọkachamara mbụ nke United Nations Independent na ịnụ ụtọ ikike mmadụ site n'aka ndị nwere albinism. Ero bụ onye isi na-adọta uche zuru ụwa ọnụ na nsogbu ndị ruuru mmadụ nke ndị nwere albinism n'úwa niile na-eche ihu, ọkachasị na mpaghara Africa ebe a na-awakpo ha maka akụkụ ahụ ha. Ikponmwosa Ero bụ onye isi na-ese ụkpụrụ nke Regional Action Plan on Albinism (2017-2021) na '''atụmatụ''' nke na-esote na Albinism na usoro mmejuputa ya (2021-2031). Ọ bụkwa onye isi na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nnọchi anya nwụrụ anwụ Yusuf Mohamed Ismail na-Bari, na nguzobe nke International Albinism Awareness Day na n'ịkwado na igbu ihe omume nkwado dị élu dị iche iche nke dugara n'ịnakwere ọtụtụ mkpebi na United Nations na African Union. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ I.K. Ero na [[Ibadan]], Oyo State, Nigeria, na 1981 na nne na nna sitere na agbụrụ [[Edo people|Bini]] / Edo nke Nigeria. Nna ya, Dr Isaac Izogie Ero, bụ onye otu ezinụlọ Ero bụ ndị na-eme eze ọdịnala na alaeze Benin.  Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke ọhịa nke jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ọhịa nke Naịjirịa. Nne ya, Comfort Iyase Adesuwa Ero, bụ nwa nwanyị nke Iyase nke Udo ma bụrụ onye edemede na onye na-ede egwuregwu nke rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isí ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na onye nkuzi. I.K. bụ nwa nke ise n'ime isii na naanị onye nwere albinism.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Snaddon|first=Bill|title=Waiting to disappear: The danger of being too pale|url=https://bhekisisa.org/article/2017-08-24-waiting-to-disappear-the-danger-of-being-too-pale-living-with-albinism-ikwonposa-ero|work=Bhekisisa|accessdate=4 April 2019|date=28 August 2017}}</ref> Ọ gara Sacred Heart Private School Ibadan maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Federal Government Girls College Benin maka agụmakọta sekọndrị ya, ma na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Ero na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Canada. N'ebe ahụ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na St. Andrews Regional High School, Victoria BC, nweta akara ụgo mmụta na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Mahadụm British Columbia, nzere masta na sayensụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na Mahadụ Alberta, nzere Juris Doctor site na Machịbụrụ Calgary na nzere Master of Law site na Osgoode Hall Law School. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, Ero natara nzere Doctorate na Law (honoris causa) site na Mahadum Lancaster, UK, iji kwado ọrụ ya dị ka ọnye na-achịkwa ikike na United Nations Human Rights Council. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka onye nchọpụta na ngalaba dị iche iche na Mahadum British Columbia na Mahadim Alberta, Ero gara ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu ma kpọọ ya n'ụlọ ikpe dị na Alberta na 2013 na n'otu afọ ahụ n'ụlọikpe dị na British Columbia. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ nwa oge na Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke Canada, Ero rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkwado mba ụwa na onye ọrụ iwu maka otu mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, n'okpuru otu anyanwụ. N'afọ 2015, ndị United Nations Human Rights Council họpụtara Ero dì ka onye ọkachamara<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Independent Expert on Albinism Takes Up Post|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/IndependentExpertOnAlbinism.aspx|work=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|accessdate=4 April 2019|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> mbụ nwere onwe ya na ịnụ ụtọ ikike mmadụ site n'aka ndị nwere albinism. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-eduzi nleta na ọrụ gọọmentị na ebe ndị gụnyere [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]], [[Tanzania]], Fiji, Brazil, na [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique: UN expert warns masterminds of attacks against persons with albinism still at large|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/09/538092-mozambique-un-expert-warns-masterminds-attacks-against-persons-albinism-still|work=UN News|accessdate=12 June 2020|date=2 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=In Malawi, people with albinism facing risk of 'systemic extinction,' UN envoy says|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/malawai-albinism-extinction-1.3561543|accessdate=4 April 2019|work=CBC|date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Suva|first=Wati Talebula|title=Sunscreen Should Be on Essential Medicines List, Ero Recommends|url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2017/12/08/sunscreen-should-be-on-essential-medicines-list-ero-recommends/|accessdate=3 April 2019|work=Fiji Sun|date=8 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya makes progress in supporting people with albinism, but ‘much remains to be done’ says UN expert|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/09/1019652|work=UN News|accessdate=4 April 2019|date=18 September 2018|archivedate=4 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404010741/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/09/1019652}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Ikponwosa_Ero_advocate_with_people_with_albinism.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ikponwosa_Ero_advocate_with_people_with_albinism.jpg/220px-Ikponwosa_Ero_advocate_with_people_with_albinism.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Onye na-akwado ndị nwere ọrịa albinism]] Ikponmwosa Ero nyere iwu ka e mee ihe dị mkpa maka ndị nwere ọrịa albinism n'ụwa niile, gụnyere ịkwalite mmata site na itinye aka na ọtụtụ narị ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ibipụta ihe karịrị akụkọ 37 gbasara ọnọdụ ahụ. Ọrụ ya na iwepụ omume ndị na-emerụ ahụ karịsịa nhazi nke ogbako mba ụwa mbụ gbasara omume ndị na'emerụ ahụ metụtara ebubo nke amoosu na mwakpo ememe (HPAWR) - n'ikpeazụ rụzuru na ntuziaka nke African Union Pan African Parliament nyere, na mkpebi nke UN Human Rights Council iji dozie omume ndị a. Ikponmwosa Ero malitere Global Albinism Alliance na Africa Albinism Network.  Ọ n'eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye nduzi nke ikike mmadụ nke Under the Same Sun, yana onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ na Africa Albinism Network. Ọ bụ onye dere ọtụtụ isiokwu n'ọhịa nke ikike mmadụ ma bụrụkwa onye isi nke nyocha mba dị iche iche na Mothering na Albinism. == Onyinye na Nkwado == '''2022''' - Doctor of Laws (LLD) Honoris Causa, Mahadum Lancaster, UK '''2020''' - Onyinye Advocate Mba Nile site na US Council on Disabilities '''2020''' - Diversability, D-30 Impact List Award '''2017''' - A nabatara ya n'etiti ndị Afrịka 100 kacha nwee mmetụta site na Pan African Magazine '''2015''' - Ndepụta na ndepụta UNESCO nke Top 70 Women Speakers Worldwide == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ekn1vxd350r3c7dgaex6xzdf2w3zsrj 0 23689 655800 638915 2026-06-14T22:56:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655800 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Hedwig Dohm</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Hedwig_Dohm,_c._1898.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hedwig Dohm, c. 1898</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |Marianne Adelaide Hedwig Schlesinger<br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1831-09-20</span>)</span>20 September 1831<br /><br /><br /><br /><span class="birthplace">[[Berlin]]&nbsp;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71491?uselang=en#P19|text-top|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Died | class="infobox-data" |1 June 1919<span style="display:none">(1919-06-01)</span> (aged&nbsp;87)<br /><br /><br /><br /><span class="deathplace">[[Berlin]]&nbsp;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71491?uselang=en#P20|text-top|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Resting place | class="infobox-data label" |[[Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof]]&nbsp;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71491?uselang=en#P119|text-top|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]</span> |} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Marianne Adelaide Hedwig Dohm''' (née '''Schlesinger''', mgbe e mesịrị '''Schleh'''; 20 Septemba 1831 - 1 June 1919) bụ onye [[Jémanị|Germany]] na-ahụ maka ụmụnwanyị na onye edemede. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eche echiche ụmụnwanyị mbụ hụrụ ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị n'ihi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ọ bụghị mkpebi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. [[Category:Articles using Template Infobox person Wikidata]] == Ezinụlọ == A mụrụ ya n'isi obodo Prussian bụ Berlin n'aka ndị nne na nna bụ ndị Juu, e mekwara nna ya baptizim.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dohm, Hedwig (1831–1919) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dohm-hedwig-1831-1919|accessdate=2020-12-18|work=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=11985 Literary Encyclopedia: Hedwig Dohm]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dohm, Hedwig {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dohm-hedwig|accessdate=2020-12-18|work=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Nwa nke atọ nke (Henriette) Wilhelmine Jülich, née Beru na onye na-emepụta ụtaba Gustav Adolph Gotthold Schlesinger (nke mbụ bụ Elchanan Cohen Schlesinger). Nna ya ghọrọ onye Protestant n'afọ 1817; n'afọ 1851 ọ nakweere aha nna ''Schleh''. Nne na nna Hedwig alụghị di ruo n'afọ 1838, ebe ezinụlọ nna ya nwere nchegbu siri ike banyere njikọ alụmdi na nwunye a. Mgbe ụmụnne ya nwere ike ịga Gymnasium, Hedwig hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, iji nyere aka n'ọrụ ''ụlọ''. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ malitere mmụta na seminarị nkuzi. N'afọ 1853 ọ ghọrọ nwunye onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ernst Dohm (''Elias Levy''; 18191883), onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin satirical ''Kladderadatsch'', onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ ise: # Hans Ernst (18541866), naanị nwa nwoke # Gertrude Hedwig Anna (1855 Xi 1942), lụrụ onye mgbakọ na mwepụ Alfred Pringsheim (1850 Xi 1941) # Ida Marie Elisabeth "Else" (1856 1910-1922) # Marie Pauline Adelheid (1858)?) # Eva (1859 afọ?) Site n'aka nwa ya nwanyị Gertrude Hedwig, ọ ghọrọ nne nne Katharina "Katia" Pringsheim (1883<nowiki>[[1980]]</nowiki>), nwunye Thomas Mann, na onye na-agụ egwú Klaus Pringsheim Sr. (1883<nowiki>[[1972]]</nowiki>). Site n'aka nwa nwanyị ọzọ, Marie Pauline Adelheid, ọ ghọrọ nne nne Hedda Korsch, onye na-eme ihe ike na onye nkuzi nke lụrụ Karl Korsch. == Ndụ == Hedwig na di ya sonyeere ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ na Berlin, isi obodo Germany n'ọdịnihu. N'afọ 1867 o bipụtara ọmụmụ ihe mbụ ya, na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ mba [[Spain]], dabere na ihe ọmụma ọ kụziiri onwe ya n'onwe ya. Site na mbido afọ 1870 gaa n'ihu, o bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede ụmụnwanyị na-achọ ịha nhata iwu, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, yana ikike ụmụnwanyị. edemede ndị a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama ma na-enwetakwa mmegide site n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụnwanyị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị mma bụ ndị lekwasịrị anya na ohere agụmakwụkwọ ka mma maka ụmụagbọghọ. Na ngwụcha afọ 1870, Hedwig dere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke a na-eme na Berlin ''Schauspielhaus'' na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị n'afọ 1883, ọ malitere ide akwụkwọ akụkọ, ruo mgbe site na ngwụcha afọ 1880 ọ bipụtara ọtụtụ edemede ọzọ gbasara mmegharị ụmụnwanyị. Hedwig Dohm guzobekwara òtù Reform na-akwado ''mgbanwe'' agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke na ọmụmụ mahadum ụmụnwanyị. Ọ sonyeere otu Women's Welfare (''Frauenwohl'') nke [[Minna]] Cauer guzobere yana Helene Stöcker's League for the Protection of Mothers (''Bund für Mutterschutz''). Ụdị ejiji ya na-akwa ndị nwoke emo na-ekwu na ha nwere ike, yana enweghị nkwanye ùgwù ọ na-ekwu maka usoro mmekọrịta ndị nna ochie mepụtara ihe ọhụrụ n'oge ya. [[Usòrò:Alter_St-Matthäus-Kirchhof_Dohm_Hedwig.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Alter_St-Matth%C3%A4us-Kirchhof_Dohm_Hedwig.jpg/220px-Alter_St-Matth%C3%A4us-Kirchhof_Dohm_Hedwig.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ili dị na Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof]] Hedwig Dohm bụ otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta Germany ole na ole kwuru okwu n'ihu ọha megide ịhụ mba n'anya na mbido Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na-ebipụta isiokwu ndị na-ahụ maka udo na akwụkwọ akụkọ aka ekpe Die Aktion nke Franz Pfemfert dezigharịrị. Ọ dịrị ndụ iji hụ mmejuputa ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Weimar Republic mgbe German Revolution nke 1918-19 gasịrị. Hedwig Dohm nwụrụ na Berlin mgbe ọ dị afọ 87. E liri ya na Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof na mpaghara Schöneberg. == Akwụkwọ edemede == * ''Ọ nwụrụ Pastoren von den'' ''Frauen'', 1872 * ''Der'' ''Jesuitismus'' im Hausstande, 1873 * ''Die wissenschaftliche Emanzipation der Frau'', 1874 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Die Antifeministen. Ein Buch der Verteidigung'', 1902 * ''Die Mütter. Ein Beitrag zur Erziehungsfrage'', 1903 * ''Der Mißbrauch des Todes'', 1915 === Akwụkwọ === * ''Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. Wie Frauen werden'', 2 akwụkwọ akụkọ 1894 * ''Sibilla Dalmar'', 1896 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Christa Ruland'', 1902 == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Nikola Müller und Isabel Rohner (Hg.): ''Hedwig Dohm'' São Ausgewählte Ihe odide. Berlin: Trafo Verlag, 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/3-89626-559-8|3-89626-559-8]] == Njikọ mpụga == * Works by or about Hedwig Dohm at Internet Archive * Works by Hedwig Dohm at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) * [http://hedwigdohm.de Otu Homepage na Hedwig Dohm] * [http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autoren/dohm.htm Dohms Werke beim Projekt Gutenberg] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224459/http://www.berlinische-monatsschrift.de/bms/bmstxt00/0002porb.htm Biografie na der Berlinischen Monatsschrift] * [http://www.hedwigdohm.de/text1.htm Satirische Auseinandersetzung mit] Georg Groddecks Ndị a, dass Frauen keine Persönlichkeit anteriormente [nkwekọrịta nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210928203343/https://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=2492 GHDI Akwụkwọ] na germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org Hedwig Dohm's Essay "What the Pastors Think of Women" (1872) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200924144519/http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=1762 GHDI Akwụkwọ] na germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org Hedwig Dohm's Essay, "Women's Right to Vote" (1876) qmi2j7236a4czyqcascgj51mut42miv 0 27307 655826 196477 2026-06-15T09:00:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Israella Kafui Mansu''' bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego [[Ghana]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Mansuki Ghana Limited (MGL).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Quist|first=Ebenezer|date=2022-04-22|title=Ghanaian lady turns small business under shed in 2009 into huge venture in 2022|url=https://yen.com.gh/195814-israella-kafui-mansu-ghanaian-woman-turns-small-palm-oil-business-huge-venture-2021.html|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Entsie|first=Berlinda M.|date=3 October 2018|title=Ghana Outstanding Women Awards unveils nominees|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/ghana-outstanding-women-awards-reveals-nominees-for-its-maiden-edition.html|accessdate=2 June 2023|work=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kplorfia|first=Juliana Ama|date=22 April 2017|title=From the WomanWideAwake Series Spotlight on Israella Kafui Mansu|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/770448/from-the-womanwideawake-series-spotlight-on-israella-kafui-m.html|accessdate=2 June 2023|work=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Dogbevi|first=Emmanuel|date=2016-12-21|title=Company develops 20 cosmetic products from Shea butter|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/12/21/company-develops-20-cosmetic-products-from-shea-butter/|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=Ghana Business News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Israella Kafui Mansu na 26 October 1985 na Sogakope na Ghana wee kwaga [[Liberia]] na ezinụlọ mgbe ọ bụ nwata.  Ọ dị nwute na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka agha ahụ dara na Liberia ka ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri na Ghana.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ 6, ọ debanyere aha na Sogasco Primary na Sogakope, kwagara Dabala Primary na JHS na mgbe e mesịrị St. Francis Demonstration JHS na Hohoe, ebe o weere BECE ya niile n'ihi nnyefe nne ya ga-agafe dị ka onye nlekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Mgbe ọ gafechara ule ya nke ọma, ọ nwetara nnabata na Anfoega Senior High School dị na Kpando District ka ọ mụọ ụlọ akụ na ụba ụlọ ma gụchaa akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Ghana, Legon jiri nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Consumer Science and Psychology.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-27|title=The Journey So Far With Israella Kafui Mansu|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-Journey-So-Far-With-Israella-Kafui-Mansu-332183|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe Ndị Ọ Mụrụ n'Ụmụma == N'ịbụ onye na-eme ihe ike n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Israella na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka onwe ya dị iche n'etiti ndị ọgbọ ya. Whiles Dabala JHS, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ họọrọ ya ka ọ nọchite anya ha na mmemme STME (Science Technology and Mathematics Education) nke gọọmentị na-eme kwa afọ iji nye ndị na-eto eto ike karịsịa ụmụ agbọghọ ma na-anọchite anya ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na ule na asọmpi distrikti. Na Anfoega SHS, ọ sonyekwara na asọmpi akwụkwọ na-emeghe maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dum ebe o dere akụkọ okike ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọnọdụ nke atọ ọbụna mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị sonyere bụ ụmụ nwoke na ndị okenye. Kemgbe afọ 2009, Israella na ụlọ ọrụ ya ewulitela akara a ma ama na ahịa obodo na nke mba ụwa. Dị ka onye ọchụnta ego, ọ na-eme nchọpụta banyere ngwaahịa ntecha, na-emepụta ma na-ere ahịa ha.<ref>{{Cite news|title='I taught myself to make skincare products'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/business-38183420|accessdate=2023-06-02}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ ya na 2009, Israella nwere ọganihu iji nweta ọrụ mana ọ baghị uru. Ọnọdụ a kpaliri ya ma nwee obere ego nke GHS300 nke ọ chịkọtara site na nchekwa n'oge ọrụ mba ya ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ mbụ ya site na iji kichin ya dị ka ụlọ nyocha ebe ọ haziri ma kwadebe ngwaahịa ntecha ole na ole mbụ ya na Akpah Prince o kwuru "N'ịmalite ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, enwere m ọhụụ abụọ n'uche iji nweta ego iji dịrị ndụ ma mepụta ọrụ iji were ndị mmadụ n'ọrụ n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ ahụ dị elu ma dị mwute, ya mere ihe ndị a kpalitere m ịmalite ụlọ ọrụ a".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanviewpointjournal.com/2014/10/the-journey-so-far-with-israella-kafui.html|title=Africanviewpointjournal.com|work=www.africanviewpointjournal.com|accessdate=2017-12-19|archivedate=2014-10-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025195140/http://www.africanviewpointjournal.com/2014/10/the-journey-so-far-with-israella-kafui.html}}</ref> == Nkwado == N'afọ 2012, Israella sonyere na asọmpi Enablis Ghana's Business Launch Pad na Ghana Startup Cup ebe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na nke mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana.enablis.org/our-members/our-success-stories/ghana/israella-kafui-mansu.aspx|title=Enablis - Israella Kafui Mansu, Founder and CEO of Mansuki Ghana Limited (MGL)|work=ghana.enablis.org|accessdate=2017-12-19|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050804/http://ghana.enablis.org/our-members/our-success-stories/ghana/israella-kafui-mansu.aspx}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, osote minista nke azụmahịa na European Women Inventors and Innovation Association nyere ya onyinye na emume na South Africa. N'afọ 2014, o sonyere na mwepụta nke YES Archived [[Wayback Machine]] nke gọọmentị Ghana mere ebe ọ nọdụrụ n'akụkụ aka nri nke onye isi ala. O O gosila ihe onyonyo onyonyo na Ghana yana akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara Young Entrepreneurs na Ghana na Africa.  O sonyekwa na mmemme Embassy US Ghana wee kesaa akụkọ ya n'ọtụtụ ikpo okwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=314846|title=A Day Spent at Barclays Bank Unlocking Youth Opportunities|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-19}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, ụlọ ọrụ ya, Mansuki Ghana Limited depụtara n'afọ 2016 Ghana Startup Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-11|title=Shortlist announced for 2016 Ghana Startup Awards|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/business/ghana-startups-shortlist-announced-for-2016-ghana-startup-awards/10fq3zq|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2023-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602190436/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/business/ghana-startups-shortlist-announced-for-2016-ghana-startup-awards/10fq3zq}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2018, ndị na-ahazi Ghana Outstanding Women Awards họpụtara ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dzido|first=Justice|date=2018-10-04|title=Ghana Outstanding Women Awards Unveils Nominees|url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/ghana-outstanding-women-awards-unveils-nominees/|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=The Publisher Online|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-02|title=3 Multimedia Group journalists up for topmost GOWA awards - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/3-multimedia-group-journalists-up-for-topmost-gowa-awards/|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ nọkwa na isii ikpeazụ sonyere na ihe ngosi Ghana na-esote Young Entrepreneurs Reality Show na Ghana.. N'afọ 2021, a họpụtara ya n'afọ 2021 Forty under 40 Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2021-09-11|title=Summary profile of ‘Forty under40’ award nominees|url=https://www.thespectatoronline.com/summary-profile-of-forty-under40-award-nominees/|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=The Spectator|language=en|archivedate=2023-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602172537/https://www.thespectatoronline.com/summary-profile-of-forty-under40-award-nominees/}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, e nyere ya ihe nrite Outstanding Young Female Entrepreneur of the Year na mbipụta nke iri na abụọ nke Ghana Entrepreneur and Corporate Executive Awards kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Segbefia|first=Sedem|date=2022-03-31|title=Togbe Afede XIV named ‘Ghana’s Greatest Entrepreneur of All Time’|url=https://thebftonline.com/2022/03/31/togbe-afede-xiv-named-ghanas-greatest-entrepreneur-of-all-time/|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mbupụ == N'ịbụ onye na-eduga na mmepụta ngwaahịa Mere na Ghana, Israella na-ebupụ ngwaahịa ịchọ mma ya na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Africa, Eshia, US na ahịa Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Enablis|title=Enablis|url=https://enablis.org/israella-kafui-mansu|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=Enablis|language=fr-CA}}</ref> Ngwaahịa ya na-aga n'ihu na-akwapụ Ghana n'ebe ahụ site n'ibuli ọkọlọtọ Ghana elu. == Mkpebi == Israella Kafui Mansu nwere mmasị na idozi nsogbu mmepe, ịmepụta ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na ịzụ ndị ọchụnta ego na-eto eto. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ech7ilst87eqau00rnczranm32vncaj 0 27601 655748 183091 2026-06-14T15:21:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Professor_Asmerom_Legesse_in_Abbaa_Gadaa_cloth.jpg|thumb|Prọfesọ Asmerom Legesse na akwa Abbaa Gadaa.]] [[Usòrò:Gadaa_flag.svg|thumb|Flag Gadaa]] Gadaa (Oromo: '''Gadaa'''<ref name=":0" />; n'ụzọ nkịtị: oge) bụ usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ụmụ amaala na-eji na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na ugwu [[Kenya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gada-system-an-indigenous-democratic-socio-political-system-of-the-oromo-01164|title=Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo|work=unesco.org}}</ref> Ndị Konso na Gedeo nke ndịda Etiopia na-emekwa ya. Usoro a na-achịkwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na okpukpe nke obodo ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gada-system-an-indigenous-democratic-socio-political-system-of-the-oromo-01164|title=Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo|work=unesco.org}}</ref> N'okpuru Gadaa, afọ asatọ ọ bụla, ndị Oromo ga-ahọrọ site na nkwekọrịta ndị isi itoolu a maara dị ka Salgan ya'ii Borana (mgbakọ Borana itoolu).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Galla, Candace|year=2012|pages=46–48|title=Sustaining generations of Indigenous voices: Reclaiming language and integrating multimedia technology|journal={World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium Journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301650149}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Tesema Ta'a|title=The Political Economy of an African Society in Transformation: the Case of Macca Oromo (Ethiopia)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XwN2JdMYM4C|year=2006|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05419-5|pages=26–27}}</ref> Onye ndu ahọpụtara site na usoro gadaa na-anọgide na-achị naanị afọ 8, na ntuli aka na-ewere ọnọdụ na njedebe nke afọ 8 ndị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=John Ralph Willis|title=Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume Two: The Servile Estate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM-PAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-78017-3|pages=122–127, 129–134, 137}}</ref><ref name="Willis2005p128">{{Cite book|author=John Ralph Willis|title=Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume Two: The Servile Estate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVGRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-78016-6|pages=128–134}}</ref><ref name="Lapidus2014p483">{{Cite book|author=Ira M. Lapidus|title=A History of Islamic Societies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkJpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA483|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-99150-6}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bụla Abbaa Gadaa nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ya, bokkuu (ihe nnọchianya nke ike) na-agafe nwunye ya ma ọ na-edebe bokkuu ma kwupụta iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gadaa System and Some of Its Institutions among the Booranaa: A Historical Perspective|pages=91–92|work=ajol.info|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejossah/article/download/159459/149011}}</ref> UNESCO edeela usoro Gada dị ka ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya kemgbe afọ 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gada-system-an-indigenous-democratic-socio-political-system-of-the-oromo-01164|title=Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo|work=unesco.org}}</ref> Ọ bụ echiche nke Oromo si na Madda Walabu district nke Oromia.<ref>{{Cite web|work=www.opride.com|title=A heroic send-off for Aliyi Cirri, a pioneer Oromo freedom fighter whose courage and bravery inspired generations|date=17 November 2017|url=https://www.opride.com/2017/11/17/heroic-send-off-aliyi-cirri-pioneer-oromo-freedom-fighter/|accessdate=14 June 2023|archivedate=22 February 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222075850/https://www.opride.com/2017/11/17/heroic-send-off-aliyi-cirri-pioneer-oromo-freedom-fighter/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=mwu.edu.et|title=Historical Background|url=http://www.mwu.edu.et/?q=node/283|accessdate=2023-06-14|archivedate=2023-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610154315/http://www.mwu.edu.et/?q=node%2F283}}</ref> Ndị Oromo weere usoro ahụ dị ka ihe nketa ha na dịka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọdịbendị ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oromiatourism.gov.et/attachments/article/13/The%20%20Gada%20system.pdf|title=The Gada sysytem; full Dimocratical politics of Oromo;71stBorana BalliHand overing Day Febrawary 2009/20017:The Gada of Kura Jarso.|work=oromiatourism.gov.et|accessdate=2023-06-14|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418151410/https://www.oromiatourism.gov.et/attachments/article/13/The%20%20Gada%20system.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụ usoro nke ndị Oromo na-achị onwe ha n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ethiopianembassy.be/2016/12/01/gada-system-inscribed-in-unesco-as-intangible-world-heritage/|work=ethiopianembassy.be|title=Gada System inscribed in UNESCO as Intangible World Heritage|accessdate=2023-06-14|archivedate=2019-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108134448/https://ethiopianembassy.be/2016/12/01/gada-system-inscribed-in-unesco-as-intangible-world-heritage/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hornaffairs.com/2016/12/01/description-oromo-gada-system/|work=hornaffairs.com|title=Briefing: What is Oromo's Gada system?|date=December 2016|accessdate=2023-06-14|archivedate=2023-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207045312/https://hornaffairs.com/2016/12/01/description-oromo-gada-system/}}</ref> Ndị Oromo chịrị onwe ha dịka usoro Gadaa si dị ogologo oge tupu narị afọ nke iri na isii, mgbe nnukwu agha atọ malitere n'etiti ha na Alaeze Ukwu Etiopia n'ebe ugwu ha na Adal Sultanate n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ha. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ na ndị Oromo na-etinye aka na okpukpe [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]] na Islam. Ndị otu Borana na Guji dị nso n'ókè Etiopia na Kenya nwere ike ịme Gadaa n'enweghị nkwụsịtụ. Na steeti Oromia n'okpuru usoro gọọmentị etiti nke Etiopia, usoro Gadaa malitere ịmaliteghachi n'ofe Oromia. N'afọ 2015, e meghere Gadaa Center na Odaa Bultum na n'afọ 2018, e weghachiri Gadaa Center dị na Odaa Hullee mgbe narị afọ abụọ nke nkwụsịtụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oromianeconomist.com/category/odaa-bultum/|title=The 2015 Commemoration of Odaa-Bultum (One of the Major Oromo Gadaa System's Administrative Centers)|work=Oromianeconomist.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ju.edu.et/?q=featured-stories/journey-revitalizing-gadaa-odaa-hullee-tracing-jimma-university%E2%80%99s-unwavering|work=ju.edu.et|title=A Journey to Revitalizing Gadaa at Odaa Hullee: Tracing Jimma University's Unwavering Commitment}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Mahadum Bule Hora malitere mmemme nzere masta na ọmụmụ Gadaa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhu.edu.et/news|title=Bule Hora University Journey|work=bhu.edu.et|accessdate=2023-06-14|archivedate=2020-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601185946/http://bhu.edu.et/news}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji mara ya == === Luba === A haziri ndị Gadaa n'ime ndị ọgbọ dabere na afọ ma ọ bụ ọgbọ usoro ọmụmụ a na-akpọ Luba. Luba ọ bụla nwere ụmụ nwoke niile nọ na klas ọzọ. Klas ahụ dum na-aga n'ihu site na ogo iri na otu dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla dabere na usoro afọ asatọ, na nke ọ bụla nwere ikike na ibu ọrụ nke ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Participedia Contributors|title=The Gadaa System of the Oromo People|url=https://participedia.xyz/method/4865|work=Participedia.net|accessdate=29 January 2019|archivedate=30 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053728/https://participedia.xyz/method/4865}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Gadaa Grades<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.addisherald.com/chapter-6-gadaa-grades/|title=Gadaa Grades|work=addisherald.com|accessdate=2023-06-14|archivedate=2023-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614115143/https://www.addisherald.com/chapter-6-gadaa-grades/}}</ref> ! !Daballe !Junior Gaammee !Onye nzuzu !Kuusaa !Raabaa Doorii !Gadaa !Yuuba nke Mbụ !Yuuba nke Abụọ na nke Atọ !Gadaamoojjii !Jaarsa |- ! scope="row" |Afọ |0-8 |9-16 |17-24 |25-32 |33-40 |41-48 |49-56 |57-64 na 65-72 |73-80 |>80 |- ! scope="row" |Ihe odide |Enweghị ibu ọrụ |Nwa akwụkwọ |Onye a na-azụ n'agha |Ndị agha |Onye Agha |Onye ndu |Onye ndụmọdụ |Ebe nchekwa iwu |Omume Omume |Enweghị ibu ọrụ |} Ọkwa ahụ na-agafe site n'otu ọkwa nke mmepe gaa na nke ọzọ n'afọ asatọ ọ bụla. === Baallii === Baallii is a process of transferring power from one Gadaa party to the next. === Gadaa Party (Gogeessa Gadaa) === E nwere òtù Gadaa ise a maara dị ka shanan Gadaa Oromoo. Ndị otu a na-agbaso echiche ụwa ise nke ndị Oromo. Ndị otu Gadaa ise na-abịa n'ọchịchị n'usoro. Otu pati na-abịa n'ọchịchị otu ugboro n'ime afọ iri anọ ọ bụla. N'ihi ya, a gaghị enwe asọmpi kpọmkwem n'etiti òtù Gadaa ise, kama asọmpi ahụ ga-abụ n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'ime otu. Ndị otu Gadaa ise nwere aha dị iche iche n'etiti Boorana, Maccaa-Tuulama, Arsii, Gujii na Ituu-Humbannaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.ju.edu.et/index.php/gadaa/issue/download/3/c|title=A Future Gaze: Gadaa Oriented Constitutional Structure for Oromia|pages=15–16|journal=Gadaa Journal|first=Zelalem|author=Sirna}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=bbc.com|title=Waa'ee Gadaa wantoota beekuu qabdan shan|url=https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-42218860}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Gadaa Parties !Boorana !Maccaa-Tuulama !Arsii !Gujii !Ituu-Humbannaa |- |Meelba / Harmufaa |Birmajii |Birmajii |Harmufa |Oge |- |Muudana / Roobalee |Michilee / Muudana |Roobalee |Roobalee |Dibbaaqa |- |Kiilolee / Birmajii |Duuloo / Halchiisa |Bahara |Muudana |Dibbeessa |- |Biifolee / Muldhata |Meelbaa / Hambissaa |Oge |Halchiisa |Fadata |- |Michilee / Duuloo |Roobalee |Daraara | | |} == Nnyocha == Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta amụọla Gadaa. Legesse dere na Gadaa bụ "otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị dị ịtụnanya na ndị na-akụzi ihe na mmepe nke ọha mmadụ".<ref>Asmarom Legesse, "Gadaa: Three Approaches to the Study of African Society", 1973</ref> Na mgbakwunye na edemede PhD ya na Harvard, Legesse ebipụtala akwụkwọ na-etinye Gadaa dị ka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Afrịka nke nwere ike ịgwa ndị na-eche echiche iwu.<ref>Asmarom Legesse, "Oromo Democracy: an Indigenous African Political System", 2006</ref> Onye nwụrụ anwụ Donald Levine kwuru na Gadaa bụ "otu n'ime usoro kachasị mgbagwoju anya nke nhazi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke echiche mmadụ chepụtara".<ref>Donald Levine, "Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society", 1974</ref> Maka Jalata, Gadaa na-anọchite anya "ngụkọta nke mmepeanya Oromo". == Ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị == Nke mbụ, usoro Gadaa bụ nkà ihe ọmụma oge ochie nke usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-ahụ maka ịchịkwa nkwụsi ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, uto akụ na ụba, ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nkwekọrịta ọdịnala nke usoro okpukpe nke ọha mmadụ Oromo na omume ''Gadaa'' Democracy nke chọrọ ntinye aka hà nhata nke nwoke na nwanyị. A ka na-arụrịta ụka n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ dịka ụmụ nwanyị Oromo enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla n'oge niile nke iwu Gadaa ma ọ bụ usoro idu ndú agbụrụ mana a na-emeso nwunye nke onye a họpụtara Abbaa Gadaa dịka Abbaa ''Gadaa'' n'onwe ya. Onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị ''Siinqee'' na-anọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị na usoro gadaa. == Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a == N'ịtụle ihe nnọchianya nke Gadaa maka ndị Oromo, yana ihe ọhụrụ ya, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na iwu, ọmụmụ ụmụ amaala, na pan-Africanism na-enyocha otu esi eji usoro ahụ mee ihe na narị afọ nke 21. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, edemede nke Z. Sirna nke akpọrọ "Ethiopia: Mgbe Gadaa Democracy Rules in a Federal State" na-enyocha otu esi ejikọta usoro ahụ na usoro gọọmentị etiti nke oge a nke Ethiopia, na-eje ozi dị ka usoro ọchịchị maka Oromia Regional National State.<ref>Z. Sirna, "Ethiopia: When the Gadaa Democracy Rules in a Federal State", 2012</ref> Sirna enyochaala usoro Gadaa n'ihe gbasara ụdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a na-eji eme ihe na Western. Ọ kwubiri na usoro Gadaa nke 'nkwekọrịta site na mkparịta ụka' bụ ihe pụrụ iche mana gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ụkpụrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ọdịda anyanwụ, ya mere ọ dabara adaba maka nnabata n'ime ọchịchị onye kwuo ike nke gọọmentị etiti nke Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Participedia Contributors|title=The Gadaa System of the Oromo People|url=https://participedia.xyz/method/4865|work=Participedia.net|accessdate=29 January 2019|archivedate=30 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053728/https://participedia.xyz/method/4865}}</ref> Otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a maara dị ka GSAP (Gadaa System Advancement Party) na-adabere n'echiche ya na ụkpụrụ Gadaa. Ọrụ ọdịnihu, ọchịchị 2.0 a na-akpọ BitGadaa na-enweta mkpali site na ụkpụrụ na nhazi nke Gadaa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bitgadaa.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909084519/http://bitgadaa.org/|archivedate=2015-09-09|title=BitGadaa {{!}} Futuristic African Democracy|date=2015-09-09|accessdate=2019-10-30}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Irreechaa * Ndị Kushit * Barentu (Oromo) * Ndị Borana * Oromia * Ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Akwụkwọ == * Ulrich Braukämper, Layers Islam History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia (2003) * Joseph Van de Loo, "Guji Oromo Culture in Southern Ethiopia". Berlin: Reimer, 1991. * Asmarom Legesse, "Gadaa: Ụzọ Atọ Ọmụmụ nke African Society", 1973 * Donald Levine, "Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society", 1974 * Asmarom Legesse, "Oromo Democracy: a Indigenous African Political System", 2006 * Asafa Jalata, Gadaa (Oromo Democracy): Ihe Nlereanya nke Mmepeanya Africa nke oge ochie, Journal of Pan-African Studies (2012) * Tenna Dewo, 2008. Echiche nke Udo na Oromo Gadaa System: Usoro ya na Omume Omume. Journal of Oromo Studies 15.1: 139-180. Ntinye weebụ [njikọ nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] * Z. Sirna, "Ethiopia: Mgbe Gadaa Democracy na-achị na Federal State", 2012 * Participedia Contributors, "The Gadaa System of the Oromo People," ikpeazụ gbanwere na Septemba 7, 2018, Chọtara site na <nowiki>https://participedia.xyz/method/4865</nowiki>  [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jg9bz4r50zkt0ma2zriwhr5k6ip0pfh 0 28700 655788 514969 2026-06-14T18:39:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}E hiwere '''Global Footprint Network''' na 2003 ma bụrụkwa ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche nke onwe ya nke dị na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], [[Belgium]] na [[Switzerland]]. E guzobere ya dị ka òtù ọrụ ebere na-abụghị maka uru na nke ọ bụla n'ime mba atọ ahụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịzụlite ma kwalite ngwaọrụ maka ịkwalite nkwado, gụnyere akara gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike ndụ, nke na-atụle ọnụọgụ nke ihe onwunwe anyị na-eji na oke anyị nwere. Ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-ezube iwebata oke gburugburu ebe obibi n'etiti mkpebi. == Ọrụ == Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Global Footprint Network bụ ịmepụta ọdịnihu ebe ụmụ mmadụ niile nwere ike ibi nke ọma, n'ime otu mbara ala [[Àlà|Ụwa]]. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị na Oakland, [[California]]. Network ahụ na-achịkọta ihe karịrị òtù ndị mmekọ 70, gụnyere WWF International, ICLEI, Bank Sarasin, The Pictet Group, New Economics Foundation, Pronatura México, na Environment Agency Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Partner Network - Global Footprint Network|url=https://www.footprintnetwork.org/about-us/partner-network/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=www.footprintnetwork.org}}</ref> === Akụkọ nke Mba na Biocapacity === Kwa afọ, Global Footprint Network mepụtara mbipụta ọhụrụ nke National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts, nke na-agbakọ Ecological Footprint na biocapacity nke ihe karịrị mba 200 na mpaghara site na 1961 ruo ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.world/footprint/nfa-2017-edition|title=NFA 2017 Edition - dataset by footprint|accessdate=2023-08-13|archivedate=2021-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516031008/https://data.world/footprint/nfa-2017-edition}}</ref> Dabere na ihe ruru 15,000 data kwa mba kwa afọ, ejirila data ndị a mee ihe iji metụta iwu na ihe karịrị mba iri na abụọ, gụnyere Ecuador, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russia, Switzerland, na United Arab Emirates. Kemgbe 2019, a na-emepụta National Footprint na Biocapacity Accounts na mmekorita n'etiti Global Footprint Network, Mahadum York, na Footprint Data Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ecological Footprint Initiative|url=https://footprint.info.yorku.ca/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=footprint.info.yorku.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FoDaFo wants a future where all can thrive within the means of our one Earth.|url=https://www.fodafo.org/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=www.fodafo.org}}</ref> Mbipụta 2022 nke National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts na-ekpuchi 1961-2018 (ihe ọmụma [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] kachasị ọhụrụ dị), ma tinye data sitere na Food and Agriculture Organization, nchekwa data UN Comtrade, International Energy Agency, na ihe karịrị isi mmalite 20 ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footprintnetwork.org/resources/data/|title=Data and Methodology - Global Footprint Network}}</ref> === Onye Nnyocha nke Mpaghara Okike === N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Global Footprint Network malitere Ecological Footprint Explorer, ikpo okwu data mepere emepe maka National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Open Data Platform|url=https://data.footprintnetwork.org/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=data.footprintnetwork.org}}</ref><ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ecological-footprint-explorer-open-data-platform-launches-april-5-2017-300434721.html Ecological Footprint Explorer Open Data Platform Launches April 5, 2017]</ref> Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-enye nsonaazụ akara gburugburu ebe obibi maka ihe karịrị mba na mpaghara 200, ma na-agba ndị nchọpụta, ndị nyocha, na ndị na-eme mkpebi ume ịhụ ma budata data. == Ụbọchị Ugboro Ugboro == N'oge gara aga, nke a maara dị ka Ụbọchị Ụgwọ Okike, Ụbọchị Overshoot nke Ụwa bụ ụbọchị ụmụ mmadụ gwụrụ mmefu ego okike maka afọ ahụ. N'ime afọ ndị ọzọ, ọha mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịdọrọ ihe onwunwe mpaghara na ịnakọta carbon dioxide na ikuku. Ụbọchị mbụ nke Earth Overshoot bụ na Disemba 19, 1987.<ref>"In the Eco-Red." New Scientist 192.2573 (Oct. 2006): 7. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 20 Oct. 2009.</ref> N'afọ 2014, Ụbọchị Overshoot nke Ụwa bụ August 19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Earth's resources in "ecological deficit" for rest of 2014|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/earths-resources-in-ecological-deficit-for-rest-of-2014-says-group/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụbọchị Earth Overshoot na 2015 bụ n'August 13 na n'August 8 na 2016.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/today-is-earth-overshoot-day-and-thats-worrying/article7536031.ece Today is Earth Overshoot Day and that's worrying], The Hindu, dated August 13, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/earth-overshoot-day-2016_us_57a4258fe4b056bad2151b49 We've Already Used Up Earth's Resources For 2016 — And It's Only August]</ref> N'afọ 2017, Earth Overshoot Day rutere n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, na 2020 n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ụbọchị. == Ntọala == N'afọ 2003, Mathis Wackernagel, PhD, na Susan Burns guzobere Global Footprint Network, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche nke mba ụwa nke nwere isi na Oakland, California, nwere ọfịs na Geneva na Brussels. Wackernagel natara nzere doctorate na Disemba 2007 site na Mahadum Bern na [[Switzerland]]. == Ịdu == * Onye guzobere na Onye isi oche: Dr. Mathis Wackernagel * Onye guzobere: Susan Burns * Onye isi ọrụ: Laurel Hanscom * Onye isi sayensị: Dr. David Lin * Onye nduzi, Ahịa na nkwukọrịta: Amanda Diep * Onye nduzi, mpaghara Mediterenian na MENA: Dr. Alessandro Galli * Onye isi oche: [[Keith Tuffley]] * Onye isi oche nsọpụrụ: onye ọchụnta ego Switzerland na onye na-etinye ego André Hoffmann == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == * Ihe nrite World Sustainability 2018<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us - Global Footprint Network|url=https://www.footprintnetwork.org/about-us/|accessdate=2021-07-30|work=www.footprintnetwork.org}}</ref> * International Association for Impact Assessment's Global Environment Award 2015 * RECYCLAPOLIS National Sustainability Award 2015 * ISSP Sustainability Hall of Fame Inductees Susan Burns na Mathis Wackernagel 2014 * Ihe nrite Nature Swisscanto 2013 * Global Footprint Network bụ otu n'ime 100 NGO kachasị elu n'ụwa niile site na Global Journal na 2012 na 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#97 - Global Footprint Network {{!}} The Global Journal|url=https://theglobaljournal.net/article/view/494/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=theglobaljournal.net|archivedate=2022-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121043447/https://theglobaljournal.net/article/view/494/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://theglobaljournal.net/group/15-top-100-ngos-2013/article/986/ |title=Special Feature: The Top 100 NGOs 2013 Edition |accessdate=2023-08-13 |archivedate=2023-04-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418193900/https://theglobaljournal.net/group/15-top-100-ngos-2013/article/986/ }}</ref> * Ihe nrite Blue Planet 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Blue Planet Prize {{!}} Blue Planet Prize|url=https://www.af-info.or.jp/en/blueplanet/list.html|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=The Asahi Glass Foundation|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Boulding 2012<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-26|title=ISEE 2012 in RIO|url=https://www.isecoeco.org/isee-2012-in-rio/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=The International Society for Ecological Economics|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124192656/https://www.isecoeco.org/isee-2012-in-rio/}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Njikọ 2012 == Hụkwa == * [[Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi]] * Ikike ibu * Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ * Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị akarị * Ntọala Ọhụrụ nke Akụnụba * Ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide == Nkwupụta na ọgụgụ ọzọ == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Global Footprint Network official website * Global Footprint Network's Ecological Footprint Explorer * Earth Overshoot Day official website lg5inkj9vqlbkpkjztxh6t9nn2uq3dh 0 28787 655819 539022 2026-06-15T06:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}N'afọ 1986, Hvalur sinkings mere n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Reykjavík nke Iceland n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ '''1986''', mgbe ndị na-emegide igbu whale si na Sea Shepherd Conservation Society mikpuru ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-enweghị onye na-egbu whale, Hvalur 6 na Hvalur 7, ma mebie ụlọ ọrụ nhazi whale na Hvalfjörður. Ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ bụ abụọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri anọ nke mba ahụ ma mesịa bulie ha, mana ha agabeghị ịchụ nta whale kemgbe a dọbara ha n'ala kpọrọ nkụ. A rụzubeghị ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ ihe dị ka afọ 36 ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kristján Már Unnarsson|title=Sjötti hvalur vertíðarinnar kominn á land í Hvalfirði|url=https://www.visir.is/g/20222280301d|accessdate=25 July 2022|work=[[Vísir.is]]|date=27 June 2022|language=Icelandic}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nke mba ahụ.<ref name="">{{Cite web|title=Only terrorist attack on Iceland: The sinking of whaling vessels in Reykjavík on 9/11 1986|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/only-terrorist-attack-iceland-sinking-whaling-vessels-reykjavik-911-1986|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=Icelandmag|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://icelandmag.is/article/only-terrorist-attack-iceland-sinking-whaling-vessels-reykjavik-911-1986 "Only terrorist attack on Iceland: The sinking of whaling vessels in Reykjavík on 9/11 1986"]. ''Icelandmag''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ihe omume ahụ bụ mgbalị nke ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ iji mebie ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ whale nke Iceland mgbe mba ahụ zere mmachibido iwu azụmahịa na omume ahụ iji mee nyocha. Ọ dịghị onye merụrụ ahụ mana mwakpo ahụ kpatara mmebi nke $ 2 nde na ụgbọ mmiri, mmebi nke $2 nde na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi, na mmebi nke anụ whale frizer na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mebiri $ 4 nde nke anụ whala. Ndị na-eme ya, Rod Coronado na David Howitt, nwere ike ịgbapụ n'ebe ahụ site na ụgbọ elu gaa Luxembourg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Only terrorist attack on Iceland: The sinking of whaling vessels in Reykjavík on 9/11 1986|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/only-terrorist-attack-iceland-sinking-whaling-vessels-reykjavik-911-1986|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=Icelandmag|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == International Whaling Commission mebere nkwubi okwu maka ịkwọ azụ ahịa na Jenụwarị 1986;  mmachibido iwu ahụ kwere ka whaling sayensị gaa n'ihu.  Otu ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ihe kpọmkwem chọrọ ka ha tinye aka na whaling nke Iceland, Norway, Soviet Union, Japan, na Agwaetiti Faroe gara n'ihu.  Gọọmentị Iceland kwenyere na iwere whale 120 na 1986 maka nyocha dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ ya. Na June 1986, e mere atụmatụ ahụ iji mebie ụlọ ọrụ whaling Iceland na-emesi ike na imebi akụ na ụba dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere mee n'ebumnobi na-eme ihe mgbe ọ na-enweghị ihe iyi egwu ndụ mmadụ.  A na-egbu oge ọrụ ahụ n'ihi nzụkọ na Reykjavík n'etiti gọọmentị United States na Soviet Union na Octobe..<ref name=""/> Otu n'ime ndị na-eme ya, Rod Coronado, ka a na-ebo ebubo na ọ na-etinye aka na mwakpo a wakporo ndị na-egbu whale na Faroese na June.<ref name=""/> == Usoro Ọrụ ya == Sea Shepherd's Coronado na David Howitt ji ụgbọelu banye Reykjavík n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1986.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard">{{Cite news|title=2 suspected of attacking whale boats|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t2cVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6875,2938514&dq=sea-shepherd+rock&hl=en|work=[[The Register-Guard]]|date=11 November 1986|page=7A|accessdate=13 May 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t2cVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6875,2938514&dq=sea-shepherd+rock&hl=en "2 suspected of attacking whale boats"]. ''[[Onye Nche Ndebanye aha|The Register-Guard]]''. Eugene, OR. Associated Press. 11 November 1986. p.&nbsp;7A<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> A na-akpọkwa Howitt David Howard, Nick Taylor ma ọ bụ Martin Braidley.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard" /> Ha abụọ nọrọ n'ụlọ ndị ntorobịa wee malite nyocha na nzuzo maka ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ n'ógbè ahụ ma a kọọrọ na ha mere ka ha bụrụ ndị njem nleta ma were ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ azụ.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger">{{Cite news|title=Iceland adventure 'easy' for whaling 'terrorists'|first=Rick|author=Lyman|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LwUwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jvsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6915,7062604&dq=sea+shepherd+terrorist+iceland&hl=en|work=[[The Ledger]]|date=15 November 1986|page=A8|accessdate=13 May 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLyman1986">Lyman, Rick (15 November 1986). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LwUwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jvsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6915,7062604&dq=sea+shepherd+terrorist+iceland&hl=en "Iceland adventure 'easy' for whaling 'terrorists'"]. ''[[Akwụkwọ edemede|The Ledger]]''. Lakeland, FL. KNT News Service. p.&nbsp;A8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Derr and McNamar">Derr, Patrick George; McNamar, Edward M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oLu5C4sYa_kC&dq=Case+studies+in+environmental+ethics+hvalur&pg=PA28 ''Case Studies in Environmental Ethics''] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) p. 28. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</ref> Na 8 Nọvemba, ha mere njem 50 mile gaa na naanị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mba ahụ dị na Hvalfjörður, ebe ha batara na 8:00 pm.  A na-eji sledgehammers, wrenches, na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'usoro bibie kọmputa, ndị na-emepụta ọkụ, ígwè ọrụ, na windo.  Ebibiri nnukwu igwe nju oyi a na-eji ajụ oyi n'oge a na-agaghị arụkwa ya ma were acid gbasa akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  A hapụrụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na obere ụlọ abụọ enweghị ọrụ.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger" /><ref name="Eugene Register-Guard" /> Coronado na Howitt laghachiri na Reykjavik n'isi ụtụtụ nke 9 Nọvemba ebe atọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri whaling anọ nke mba ahụ nọ.  E mepere valvụ mmiri nnu dị n'ime ụlọ injin ahụ n'ihe dị ka elekere 5:00 nke ụtụtụ, na-eme ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ idei mmiri ma mikpuo n'ime ọkara elekere.  A wakpoghị whaler nke atọ, Hvalur 8, ebe onye nche nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ebe nke anọ, Hvalur 9, nọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.. Ndị uwe ojii eruteghị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ruo elekere asaa nke ụtụtụ, ndị mwakpo ahụ wee nwee ike ịgbapụ na mba ahụ site na ụgbọ elu 7:45 nke ụtụtụ gaa Luxembourg.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger"/> Ha bụ ndị a na-akwụsịkarị n'ụzọ na-aga n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu mana ndị uwe ojii echeghị na ha mere ihe ọjọọ ọ bụla ma hapụ ha ka ha gaa n'ihu n'ụzọ ha.<ref name="Grapevine 2006-11-03">Björnsson, Sveinn Birkir [https://web.archive.org/web/20081116131904/http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/Whaler-Down Whaler Down: Looking back at the sinking of the whaleboats in 1986] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116131904/http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/Whaler-Down |date=2008-11-16 }} ''[[The Reykjavik Grapevine]]'', 3 November 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba, ụlọ ọrụ na-azọpụta ndị mmadụ buuru ụgbọ mmiri abụọ dị tọn 430 site n'ala ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-egbu whale si kwuo, mwakpo ahụ kpatara mmebi ruru $ 2 nde.<ref name=refloated>{{Citation |title=Whaling Ships Refloated in Iceland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/world/around-the-world-whaling-ships-refloated-in-iceland.html |date=20 November 1986 |work= [[The New York Times]] }}.</ref> According to the whaling company, the attack caused $2&nbsp;million worth of damage.<ref name=refloated/> == Mmeghachi omume == [[Usòrò:Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG|thumb|Hvalur 6, Hvalur 7, Hvalur 8, na Hvalur 9 na 2008.]] [[Usòrò:Hvalur_6,7_201805.jpg|thumb|Hvalur 6 na Hvalur 7 na Hvalfjörður na 2018.]] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, Watson weere ọrụ zuru oke maka ọrụ ahụ, na-ekwu na ya mere atụmatụ ya, họrọla ndị otu ahụ, ma hụ na ndị mwakpo ahụ rụrụ ọrụ ha.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger"/> Praịm Minista Steingrímur Hermannsson kwupụtara na Iceland na-anwa ịchọta ndị ikom ahụ ma katọọ ndị uwe ojii maka igbu oge mbụ nke nyere ha ohere ịgbapụ.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard"/> Watson gara Iceland na 1988 iji chee ikpe dị ka onye ndú Sea Shepherd ebe e jidere ya ruo awa 24 tupu a chụpụ ya n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya.<ref name="Derr and McNamar"/><ref name="Grapevine 2005-02-11">Klemens, Watson the victor: Does terrorism pay off in Iceland? ''[[The Reykjavik Grapevine]]''. 11 February 2005. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</ref> Onye na-ekwuchitere ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ whale kachasị ukwuu na Iceland gwara The New Yorker na Watson bụ ''onye'' na-adịghị mma na mba ahụ.<ref name="New Yorker">Raffi Khatchadourian, [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/11/05/071105fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all "Neptune's Navy: Paul Watson’s wild crusade to save the oceans"], ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 5 November 2007.</ref> Site na mgbapụ ha, Coronado na Howitt enwebeghị ebubo na ha mere ihe ọjọọ na Iceland.  Ha abụọ anabatala ọrụ mana iwu nke mmachi maka omume ahụ agafeela. N'ihi nke a merenụ, International Whaling Commission kagburu ọnọdụ onye na-ekiri oké osimiri Shepherd.  Ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, n'agbanyeghị na ha na-akatọ nguzo Iceland, kewapụrụ onwe ha na atụmatụ ime ihe ike nke Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ nke Oké Osimiri. Otu akụkọ dị na New Yorker kwuru na ọ bụ "omume nbibi nke ọtụtụ ndị nchekwa kwenyere nyere aka gbanwee echiche ọha na eze Iceland megide ihe kpatara ịzọpụta whale"".<ref name="New Yorker"/> Mmeghachi omume mba ụwa dị njọ.<ref name="Derr and McNamar"/> Omume ahụ nwere nkọwa dị iche iche dị ka omume mmebi ihe, omume iyi ọha egwu ma ọ bụ omume ndị isi mgbaka. N'oge ihe omume ahụ, Iceland, Greenpeace International, na ụfọdụ ndị na-akọwa mgbasa ozi na Iceland na North America zoro aka na mmebi ahụ dị ka " iyi ọha egwu" ma ọ bụ " iyi ọha mmadụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scientists dispute claims by CNN that Icelandic whalers killed a protected blue whale|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/scientists-dispute-claims-cnn-icelandic-whalers-killed-a-protected-blue-whale|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=Icelandmag|language=en}}</ref><ref>David Israelson, "Killing goes on despite whaling ban", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', 15 November 1986, p. A2.</ref><ref>Frank Jones, "No cause can justify terrorist acts", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', 13 November 1986, p. H1.</ref><ref>"Dockside Terror" (editorial), ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', 12 November 1986, p. 48.</ref><ref name="Derr and McNamar" /> Coronado zaghachiri na ntụnyere ndị a site n'ikwu na mmebi ahụ bụ "ihe kachasị anya site na iyi ọha egwu" nakwa na igbu whale n'onwe ya bụ iyi ọha egwu.<ref>"Whaling Is Terrorism, Says Environmentalist Accused of Sinkings", [[Associated Press]], 13 November 1986.</ref> N'otu akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada, e depụtakwara ihe omume ahụ dị ka otu n'ime nzọụkwụ mbụ Coronado mere n'ịghọ "ụdị ọhụrụ nke ndị na-eyi ọha egwu" nke gara n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ dị ukwuu maka ikike ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka onye otu Animal Liberation Front.<ref name="gee">Marcus Gee, "A new breed of terrorist fights for the animals: Meet Rodney Coronado: articulate, vegan and violent", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', 5 December 1986, p. A1.</ref> Coronado ajụla akara "onye na-eyi ọha egwu" dị ka "ihe mkpofu", n'ihi na malite na Hvalur sinkings, "ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-elekọta mgbe niile na ọ dịghị onye na-emerụ ahụ site n'omume mmejọ ya".<ref name="gee" /> == Edensibia == g2rtge5p0opl8r4o3ofzd01xrykyr11 0 28814 655789 200110 2026-06-14T18:40:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655789 wikitext text/x-wiki   Global Forest Information Service (GFIS) bụ atụmatụ nke Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) ma bụrụ A kwụsịrị mgbalị ahụ na 2021. == Ebumnuche == N'ihe gbasara iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọhụụ na ebumnuche nke GFIS kwekọrọ na mkpebi nke United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) na ihe ndị CPF butere ụzọ.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/forests/ United Nations Forum on Forests]</ref> GFIS bụ nke International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) duziri; ya na FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization nke United Nations; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); UNFF Secretariat; na Biological Informatics Office nke United States Geological Survey (USGS /BIO).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/ |title=Center for International Forestry Research |accessdate=2023-08-14 |archivedate=2011-07-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728124536/http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/ }}</ref><ref>[http://biology.usgs.gov/bio/about.html Biological Informatics Office of the United States Geological Survey]</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 1998, International Consultation on Research and Information Systems in Forestry nke emere na Gmunden, [[Austria]], tụrụ aro na Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) kwesịrị ịkwado ma kwalite mmepe nke Global Forest Information Service iji melite ohere ịnweta ozi niile metụtara ọhịa, na ahụ na ndị niile nwere mmasị gụnyere ndị na eme iwu, ndị njikwa ọhịa, òtù ndị na abụghị gọọmentị, ndị otu obodo na ọha na eze n'ozuzu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Global Forest Information Service (GFIS)|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/research/partnerships/spotlights/gfis.php|publisher=www.fs.fed.us|accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> N'ihi ya, IFF rịọrọ Inter-agency Task Force on Forests member organizations ka ha na International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) rụọ ọrụ na ịchọpụta ohere maka ọrụ ozi ọhịa zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'imejuputa arịrịọ a, IUFRO malitere ọrụ dị iche iche iji guzobe GFIS. Ihe ndị a gụnyere nguzobe nke GFIS Task Force, mmepe nke ihe nkesa ozi GFIS na interface weebụ yana mmejuputa oru ngo "GFIS Africa" iji mee ka ikike ụlọ ọrụ dị na mba ndị na emepe emepe sikwuo ike. E gosipụtara ụdị mbụ nke GFIS na IUFRO European Conference na Copenhagen, Denmark, n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2002 ma gosipụta ya nke ọma na XII World Forestry Congress na Quebec, Canada, na Septemba afọ 2003. Ọ gụnyere onyinye sitere n'ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ 60 na ahụ maka ọhịa site na mpaghara niile nke ụwa. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2004, ndị otu Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) kwetara na GFIS kwesịrị ịghọ atụmatụ jikọrọ aka. Na nzaghachi, IUFRO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Center for International Forestry Research na United Nations Forum on Forests tọrọ ntọala maka mmepe GFIS dị ka atụmatụ CPF jikọrọ aka nke a kwadoro na Septemba 2004 na [[Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Ọhịa|Nzukọ]] nke 13 nke CPF na New York. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, a malitere ọrụ ọchụchọ GFIS ọhụrụ na XXII IUFRO World Congress nke emere na Brisbane, Australia. Ọnụ ụzọ GFIS depụtara ihe ọmụma dị mkpa, dị ka akụkọ, ihe omume, akwụkwọ na oghere ọrụ nke ndị na enye ozi nyere. Kemgbe afọ 2007, e nweela ọganihu teknụzụ na aga n'ihu na GFIS nke Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla) mere nke na egosipụta ngwá ọrụ ọchụchọ ka mma na windo maka akụkọ, ihe omume, mbipụta, ọrụ metụtara ọhịa na ihe mmụta. Kemgbe afọ 2007, e nweela ọganihu teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na GFIS nke Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla) mere nke na-egosipụta ngwá ọrụ ọchụchọ ka mma na windo na akụkọ, ihe omume, akwụkwọ na ohere ọrụ, na ihe agụmakwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Background|url=http://www.gfis.net/gfis/background/|publisher=Global Forest Information System|accessdate=18 April 2011|archivedate=21 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721065131/http://www.gfis.net/gfis/background/}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, IUFRO kpebiri ịghara ịga n'ihu na GFIS dị ka ụlọ ọrụ dị iche ma lekwasị anya n'ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ozi nke ya n'ịntanetị, ya mere ewepụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ www.gfis.net. Ha mepụtara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na akọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mgbalị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Forest Information Service|url=https://www.iufro.org/science/gfis/|publisher=IUFRO|accessdate=17 December 2022|archivedate=18 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218120725/https://www.iufro.org/science/gfis/}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ọrụ Ọhịa Europe (EUFODOS) * Forestknowledge.net * Ebe A Na ahụ Maka Ọhịa Ụwa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221218120725/https://www.iufro.org/science/gfis/ IUFRO nkọwa nke njedebe na akụkọ ihe mere eme] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230321150305/http://www.cpfweb.org/en/ Njikọ Nkwekọrịta n'Oké Ọhịa (CPF)] This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.{{Forestry|state=expanded}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] em22p5nh3i049k0gfe560u7xcigra2u 0 34567 655791 623405 2026-06-14T19:07:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi|Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi]]''' {{post-nominals|country=NGA|FAAS}} (24 Disemba 1933 – 3 Maachị 2007) bụ onye gụrụ [[w:|meteorology]] si mba Naijiria na onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke [[w:|World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)]] site n'afọ 1984 ruo afọ 2003. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ odeakwụkwọ mbụ a ga-akpọ onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu na onye Afrika mbụ na-eje ozi dịka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ UN. === Ndụ na ọrụ Ya === ==== Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya ==== A mụrụ Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi na 24 Disemba 1933 nye Albert B. Patrick Obasi na Rhoda A. Akande,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Obasi, Godwin Olu Patrick, (24 Dec. 1933– 3 Maachị 2007), Secretary-General, World Meteorological Organisation, 1984–2004, wee bụrụ Secretary General Emeritus |url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-97e01/ -28676 | Access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Ònye & ONYE BỤ WHO | afọ=2007 |asụsụ = Archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406002351/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-97828645eur-97801945eur bi }}</ref> na [[w:Ogori/Magongo|Ogori]], Steeti Kwara, Naijiria. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St. Peter, Ogori, na St. Andrew School, [[w:|Okene]], Steeti Kogi maka agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya. Ọ gafere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti Okene (nke bụzi [[w:|Abdul Aziz Atta Memorial College]]) ugbua. Ọ mechara gafere na [[w:|Barewa College]] dị na Zaria, ebe ọ bụ nwa klas [[w:|Yakubu Gowon]], onye bụbu onye isi ala Naijiria.<ref name=":4" /> O nwetara nzere B.Sc ya dị ùgwù n'isi ọmụmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na Physics site na [[w:|Mahadum McGill]] na Montreal, Canada, n'afọ 1959, na nzere M.Sc bụ ọkachamma n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Meteorology]] na [[w:|Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)]] n'afọ 1960. Ọ gara n'ihu nweta D.Sc n'isi ọmụmụ Meteorology site na MIT n'afọ 1963.<ref name=":0">{{Citet] web |title=Obasi Godwin Olu Patrick {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/obasi-godwin-olu-patrick |access-date=2023-04-04 |website= www.aasciences.africa | Archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152840/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/obasi-godwin- olu-patrick |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> O nwetara ihe nrite [[w:|Carl-Gustaf Rossby]] maka tesis ya.<ref name=":5"> {{Cite webụ | ụbọchị = 2021 | aha = THE CARL-GUSTAF ROSSBY AWARD |url=http://paocweb.mit.edu/education/graduate/the-carl-gustaf-rossby-award | nweta-date=2023- 04-05 | webụsaịtị = PAOC MIT | archive-date=2022-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129234013/http://paocweb.mit.edu/education/graduate /the-carl-gustaf-rossby-award |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Ọrụ Ya ==== Obasi laghachiri na Naijiria ka Ọbụrụ onye isi ndị na-agụ ihu igwe na-ahu maka nnyocha na ọzụzụ na Nigerian Meteorological Department site n'afọ 1963 ruo afọ 1967, ma burukwa onye isi ihu igwe na-ahu maka nlekọta nka n'isi ulo oru ha na Steeti Legọs site n'afọ 1966 ruo afọ 1967. Ọzọkwa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ndị n'agụ ihu igwe na-ahụ maka ọrụ meteorological na [[w:Murtala Muhammed International Airport|Ọdụ Ụgbọelu Murtala Muhammed, Ikeja, Legos]], site n'afọ 1964 ruo afọ 1965, na dịka onyeisi oche nke ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na tropical meteorology nakwa n'ụlọ ọrụ Òtù na-ahụ Maka Ihu Igwe Ụwa malite na 1965 ruo 1967.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Site n'afọ 1967 ruo afọ 1974, Obasi bụ onye ọkachamara [[w:World Meteorological Organisation|World Meteorological Organisation]]/[[w:|United Nations Development Programme]] na onye isi nkuzi na [[w:|Mahadum Nairobi]] na Kenya. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na Kenya site n'afọ 1972 ruo 1973, na dịka Ọkammụta na onyeisi oche nke ngalaba ahụ site n'afọ 1974 ruo 1976. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ onye isi ngalaba sayensị na Mahadum Nairobi dị na Kenya site n'afọ 1967 ruo 1976. Obasi rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ n'ihe gbasara meteorology na osote onye ntụzi aka gọọmentị Naijiria site na 1976 ruo 1978.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Science and International Governance: The Case nke nyocha mgbanwe ihu igwe |url=https://www.belfercenter.org/event/science-and-international-governance-case-climate-change-research |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Belfer Center maka Sayensị na ihe gbasara mba ụwa | asụsụ = en | Archive-date=2021-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329063727/https://www.belfercenter.org/event/science -and-international-governance-case-climate-change-research |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 1973, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nnyocha nleta na [[w:|Mahadum Steeti Florida]]. N'afọ 1978, a họpụtara ya dị ka osote onye isi oche na onye òtù ndụmọdụ nke [[w:|Commission for Atmospheric Science]] na World Meteorological Organisation. Na mgbakwunye, ọ jere ozi na bọọdụ ndị ndụmọdụ maka [[w:|The Bower Award]] na Nrite maka Ihe Mmepụta na Sayensị na [[w:|Franklin Institute]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke [[w:The World Academy of Sciences|The Third World Academy of Science]] (TWAS).<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Ogallo |first1=L.A. | ikpeazụ2=Nyenzi |first2=B. S. | ikpeazụ3=Semazzi | nke mbụ3=F. |title=AKỤTA PROF. GODWIN OLU PATRICK OBASI N'Ịsọmpi Ndị Ọsụ ụzọ Ihu igwe n'oge gara aga na nke ugbu a na AFRICA |url=https://www.climdev-africa.org/sites/default/files/ccda-vi-doc/Concept%20Note%20-%20Professor% 20Obasi%20Legacy%20Lecture%20EN.pdf |website=CLIMDEV | nweta-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 20220812190144/http://www.climdev-africa.org/sites/default/files/ccda-vi-doc/Concept%20Note%20-%20Professor%20Obasi%20Legacy%20Lecture%20EN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Obasi sonyeere WMO Secretariat n'afọ 1978 dika onye isi ntụziaka agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ. [[W:|United Nations Environment Programme]] na WMO tọrọ ntọala [[w:|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ICPC)]] n'afọ 1988.Mkpebi Mgbakọ Ozuruọnụ UN. 43/53 "Nchedo nke ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ụmụ mmadụ ugbu a na ndị n'ọdịnihu" |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/530/32/IMG/NR053032.pdf ?OpenElement |website=Mkpebi Mgbakọ Mgbakọ Mba nke 43 nke 1988-1989 |Onye nkwusa=United Nations |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web. archive.org/web/20221208083351/https://web.archive.org/web/20221208083351/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/530/32/IMG/NR053032.pdf?OpenElement |url-status=live }}< /ref> Ọ hazikwara mgbakọ nke abụọ [[w:|World Climate Conference]] na Geneva n'afọ 1990,<ref name=":2" /> sochiri [[w:|United Nations General Assembly]] kepụtara Framework Convention on Climate Change ([[w:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|UNFCCC]]). O tinyekwara aka na UN Convention to Combat. Nhazi Desertification (UNCCD). Obasi jere ozi dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke WMO site n'afọ 1984 ruo 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-08 |title=Onye bụbu Secretary General nke WMO |url=https://public.wmo. int/en/banyere-anyị/odeakwụkwọ/bụ-odeakwụkwọ-odeakwụkwọ-nke-wmo |oghere-ụbọchị=2023-04-05 |webụsaịtị=public.wmo.int |asụsụ =en | ụbọchị-nchekwa =2023-03- 08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308150755/https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat/previous-secretary-generals-of-wmo |url- status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Olson |first=Elizabeth |date=1999-05-13 |title=Oge nke ise na-emegide onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Weather |language=en-US | ọrụ = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/13/world/5th-term-is-opposed-for-head-of-weather-acency.html | nweta- ụbọchị=2023-04-05 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2017-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917181308/http://www.nytimes. com/1999/05/13/world/5th-term-is-na-emegide-for-head-of-weather-agency.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ọrụ odeakwụkwọ mbụ a kpọrọ odeakwụkwọ ukwu, na onye Afrịka mbụ jere ozi dịka onye isi òtù UN Agency<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi (1933-2007) , Nigeria |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat/previous-secretary-generals-of-wmo/godwin-olu-patrick-obasi |nweta-date=2023-04-04 |webụsaịtị=ọha.wmo.int |asụsụ=en |ụbọchị-nchekwa=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152839/https://public.wmo.int /en/about-us/secretariat/onye gara aga- Secretary General-of-wmo/godwin-olu-patrick-obasi |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-10 |archivedate=2023-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152839/https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat/previous-secretary-generals-of-wmo/godwin-olu-patrick-obasi }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==== Ebubo nke izu ohi na njikwa arụrụ arụ ==== Dịka akụkọ [[w:The New York Times | New York Times]] e bipụtara na 9 Febụwarị 2005 si kwuo, e nwere ebubo nke izu ohi na njikwa arụrụala na WMO. Akụkọ ahụ, nke Judith Miller dere, na-akọ na e boro ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebubo iji ego ezubere maka enyemaka maka mkpamkpa ifufe ike iji kwụọ ụgwọ ịkwanye ngwongwo n'ụlọ ọrụ na mmefu ime njem. Ndị ọzọ kọwara na e boro Muhammad Hassan, onye isi ọzụzụ WMO na ezigbo enyi Obasi ebubo maka iripịa ego dị ǹdè francs anọ na ụma atọ <ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=2007-01-22 |title= Le scandale de l'OMM rebondit | asụsụ = fr | ọrụ = Le Temps | url = https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/scandale-lomm-rebondit |url-status=live | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-04 -05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406002239/https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/scandale-lomm-rebondit |archive-date=2023-04-06 |issn =1423-3967}}</ref> Nnyocha mkpata na mmefu e mere n'ime WMO, nke <nowiki>[[w:|Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]</nowiki> dere, gosiri na Muhammad Hassan gwara Godwin Obasi ụfọdụ n'ime ajọ omume ya.<ref name=":6" /> [[w:|Le Temps]] na-ebo ebubo na ọ gaara-abụ na a ga-eji obere ego n'ime ego ndị eripịara eripịa eme ihe dika iji tinye "mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ahụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke mba ụfọdụ"<ref name=":6" /> Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times kwuru na e nwere ebubo ịghọ aghụghọ na igwu wayo na mmadụ imenyere naanị onye ikwu ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, yana mkpesa gbasara njikwa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ozuzu ya.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Miller |first=Judith |date=2005-02-09 |title=Ebo ebubo izu ohi na njikwa arụrụala. na U.N. Weather Agency | asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/09/world/europe/theft-and-mismanagement-charged-at- un-weather-agency.html | url-status=live | nweta-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121091414/https://www.nytimes. com/2005/02/09/world/europe/theft-and-mismanagement-charged-at-un-weather-agency.html |archive-date=2021-11-21 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref > === Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ Ya === Obasi lụrụ Winifred O. Akande na 1 Ọktoba 1976, ha amụta ụmụ isii. Ọ nwụrụ na 3 Maachị 2007, na Abuja, Naijiria.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye ùgwù Ya === Obasi nwetara nkwanye ùgwù dị iche iche n'oge ndụ ya, gụnyere ịbụ onye a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] n'afọ 1995,<ref name=":0" /> onye òtù World Academy of Sciences n'afọ 1996,<ref name=":7">{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Sciences (TWAS) |first=The World Academy of |title=Obasi, Godwin Olu Patrick |url=https://twas.org/directory/obasi-godwin- olu-patrick |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=TWAS |language=en}}</ref> na otu onye a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ndi India, Cuban, na Burkina Faso meteorological societies.<ref name=":3 " /> A họpụtara ya ka onye mmụta nke [[w:|International Academy of Sciences of Nature and Society]](Armenia) na [[w:|International Council for Science]] (ICSU).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asembi.com |url=https://asembi.com/godwin-olu-patrick-obasis-biography%EF%BC%8C-fact%EF%BC%8C-career%EF%BC%8C-awards%EF%BC%8C-net-worth-and-life-story/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152840/https://asembi.com/godwin-olu-patrick-obasis-biography%EF%BC%8C-fact%EF%BC%8C-career%EF%BC%8C-awards%EF%BC%8C-net-worth-and-life-story/ |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-10 |archivedate=2023-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152840/https://asembi.com/godwin-olu-patrick-obasis-biography%EF%BC%8C-fact%EF%BC%8C-career%EF%BC%8C-awards%EF%BC%8C-net-worth-and-life-story/ }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ọ bụ onye òtù asọpụụrụ na Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Romania kemgbe 1995, na onye òtù International Energy Foundation kemgbe 1998, na [[w:American Meteorological Society | American Meteorological Society]], [[w:African Meteorological Society | African Meteorological Society]], Kenya , Nigerian, Dominican, Ecuadorian na Colombian meteorological societies.<ref name=":3" /> Enyere Obasi ọtụtụ nzere doctorate nsọpụrụ, gụnyere Dọkịta nke Physics sitere na [[w:Bucharest University | Mahadum Bucharest]] n'afọ 1991, Romania, na Dọkịta nke Iwu sitere na [[w:|Mahadum Philippines]] n'afọ 1992, Dọkịta nke Sayensị sitere na [[w:|Federal University of Technology Akure]] n'afọ 1992, Dọkịta Sayensị si na [[w:|Alpine Geophysical Research Institute]] n'afọ 1993, na Dọkịta Sayensị si na [[w:|Mahadum Nairobi]] n'afọ 1998.<ref name=" :3" /><ref name = ":4" /> Obasi nwetara ihe nrite [[w:|Carl-Gustaf Rossby]] sitere na MIT n'afọ 1963 maka nnyocha PhD ya,<ref name=":5" /> Ihe nrite ọla edo na nrite sitere na [[w:|Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences]] n'afọ 1986, Institutelọ Ọrụ ahụ. nke Meteorology and Water Management's Medal, Poland, n'afọ 1989, Climate Institute's Award n'afọ 1990, Ogori Merit Award n'afọ 1991, Civil Honor of Merit Award sitere na [[w:|Dirección Nacional de Aeronáutica Civil (Paraguay)]] n'afọ 1992, Gold Medal sitere na [[w:|African Meteorological Society]] n'afọ 1993, Medal nke Merit sitere na Slovak Hydrometeorol Institute na 1994, Nrite ọla edo sitere na Balkan Physical Union na 1997, National Roll of Honor maka mmezu gburugburu ebe obibi, Nigeria, n'afọ 1999, Plaque of Appreciation sitere na Iran n'afọ 1999, onyinye ịja mma onye isi ala Kenya n'afọ 1999, Nrite International First on Water and Agriculture n'afọ 2002, TWAS Medal Lecture in Earth Sciences n'afọ 2002,<ref name=":7" /> na ihw nrite [[w:|Zayed International Award]] maka gburugburu ebe obibi maka Mmezu Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ n'afọ 2003.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ natakwara [[w:|Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas]] n'afọ 1998, Medal Presidential of Friendship si Vietnam n'afọ 1998, Order of Grand Warrior nke Kenya n'afọ 2000, na First Class of the Order of Saman de Aragua si Venezuela n'afọ 2001.<ref name=":3" /> N'afọ 2014, Obasi mechara nweta ihe nrite Centenary Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-28 |title=100 Nigerians nwetara ihe nrite Centenary Friday (n'abalị taa) [Full List] |url=https://www. premiumtimesng.com/news/155979-100-nigerians-get-centenary-awards-friday-tonight-full-list.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-04-05 |webụsaịtị=Premium Times | Archive-date =2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406002241/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/155979-100-nigerians-get-centenary-awards-friday -tonight-full-list.html?tztc=1 |url-status=ebi }}</ref> A matara Obasi maka nnukwu ntinye ya na sayensị ihu igwe na a na-ahụ ya dị ka “onyinye Africa nyere ụwa na sayensị ihu igwe”.<ref name=":2" />{{Cite web | ikpeazụ= |date=2016 -10-21 |title=Ndị okachamara na-eto oke nkwado Prọfesọ Obasi nwụrụ na sayensị ihu igwe<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ= |date=2016-10-21 |title=Ndị okachamara na-eto onyinye mbubreyo Obasi na sayensị ihu igwe |url=https://www.environewsnigeria .com/experts-extol-late-prof-obasis-contributions-climate-science/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ isiokwu ya. nke nkuzi ncheta na ọgbakọ nke asaa maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepe n'Africa na [[Nairobi]], Kenya, na 2018,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-10-29 |title=Ndị ọkachamara tolitere nkwado Prọfesọ Obasi na sayensị ihu igwe na nkuzi ncheta mmalite |url=https://thedevelopmentnews.com/experts-extol-prof-obasis-contributions-climate-science-inaugural-memorial-lecture/ |access-date=2023 -04-04 |webụsaịtị=thedevelopmentnews.com |asụsụ=en-GB |Archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152842/https://thedevelopmentnews .com/experts-extol-prof-obasis-contributions-climate-science-inaugural-memorial-lecture/ |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-10 |archivedate=2023-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404152842/https://thedevelopmentnews.com/experts-extol-prof-obasis-contributions-climate-science-inaugural-memorial-lecture/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018-10-11 | aha = Prof. Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi Memorial Lecture|url=https://multimedia.uneca.org/handle/10855.1/1484 |language=en-US |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406002243/https://multimedia.uneca.org/handle/10855.1/1484 |url-status=live }}</ref> na nkuzi ncheta ọzọ emere n'aha ya na Septemba 2021 na ogbako nke itoolu na mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepe n'Africa na [[Cape Verde | Cabo Verde]].<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=2021 |title=Prof. Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi Memorial Lecture – Na ebe nchekwa Prof Laban Ayieko Ogallo |url=https://uneca.org/sites/default/files/ACPC/CCDA9/mainevents/Prof.%20Godwin%20Olu%20Patrick%20Obasi%20Memorial% 20Lecture%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Memory%20of%20Prof%20Laban%20Ayieko%20Ogallo%20-%20Joseph%20R%20Mukabana.pdf |website=UNECA |access-date=2402 | -date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125224047/https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/ACPC/CCDA9/mainevents/Prof .%20Godwin%20Olu%20Patrick%20Obasi%20Memorial%20Lecture%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Memory%20of%20Prof%20Laban%20Ayieko%20Ogallo%20-%20Riseph-Mustaf =dị ndụ }}</ref> === Edensibia === [[Category:1933 births]] [[Category:2007 deaths]] [[Category:McGill University alumni]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]] [[Category:World Meteorological Organization people]] [[Category:University of Nairobi]] [[Category:Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:TWAS fellows]] [[Category:International Council for Science]] [[Category:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients]] [[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour]] [[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria]] [[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Senegal]] [[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Oman]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Obasi, Godwin}}<references />{{Authority control}} 84qhs4qzt83gb61tdoldrwzcyt8iff5 0 34570 655805 638089 2026-06-15T01:44:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Hussein Kamel Bahaeddin|Hussein Kamal Bahaeddin]]''' ({{Lang-ar|حسين كامل بهاء الدين}}, 18 Septemba 1932 – 29 Julaị 2016) bụ Ọkammụta nke [[w:Pediatrics | ahụike ụmụaka]] na onye minista mmụta n'etiti 1991 na 2004 . ===Akụkọ Ndụ Ya === ==== Mmalite Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ Ya ==== A mụrụ Hussein Kamel Bahaeddin na 18 Septemba 1932 na [[w:|Zagazig, Sharqia Governorate]], Ijipt,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1983 |title=Imperato, Mansoor – II 35,17; architect – WW Saudi Arabia 1983 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110976052.491/pdf |website=Degruyter|doi=10.1515/9783110976052.491 }}</ref><ref name="arabccd3" /> nye otu nne (Mona) onye si na Okpukpe Chineke banye Ọkpụkpe Alakuba n'afọ 1943 tupu o zute nna Bahaeddin (Kamel) na London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=كامل بهاء الدين: والدتي لم تكن يهودية.. وأدعو الخودية.. وأدعو الخودية. بالمغفرة - بوابة الثانوية العامة المصرية |url=https://thanwya.com/vb//showthread.php?t=315706 |nweta-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 |webụsaịtị=thanwya.com |5=akwụkwọ akụkọ January 2 |Archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154407/https://thanwya.com/vb//showthread.php?t=315706 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-11 |archivedate=2023-01-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154407/https://thanwya.com/vb//showthread.php?t=315706 }}</ref> Bahaeddin nwetara nzere B.Med ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Medicine and Surgery]] n'afọ 1954 wee nweta nzere PhD ya n'isi ọmụmụ mmụta ahụike ụmụaka site na [[w:|Mahadum Cairo]] n'afọ 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |last=فكرى |first=توفيق شعبان واميرة |date=29 July 2016 |title="التعليم" تنعى حسين كامل بهاء الدين وزير التعليم الأسبق |url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/1285303 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=الوطن |language=ar |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154405/https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/1285303 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=agel |first=Khabr |title=توفى اليوم وزير التربية والتعليم السابق حسين كامل بهاء الدين بعد صراع طويل مع المرض |url=https://www.5br-3agel.com/2016/07/blog-post_77.html |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=خبر عاجل |date=29 July 2016 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154406/https://www.5br-3agel.com/2016/07/blog-post_77.html |url-status=live |accessdate=11 December 2023 |archivedate=30 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154406/https://www.5br-3agel.com/2016/07/blog-post_77.html }}</ref> N'afọ 1965, ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ nke Òtù Ndị Ntorobịa Ijipt ruo 1968.<ref name="arabccd3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160817065835/http://www.arabccd.org/files/0000/580/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84.pdf السيرة الذاتية] على موقع المجلس العربي للطفولة والتنمية. (وصلة بي دي إف) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817065835/http://www.arabccd.org/files/0000/580/السيرة%20الذاتية%20للدكتور%20حسين%20كامل.pdf|date=17 أغسطس 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2016 |title=شبكة إعلام المرأه العربية تنعى د. حسين كامل بهاء الدين |url=https://elbashayer.com/1336486/685625/ |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=جريدة البشاير |language=ar |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154406/https://elbashayer.com/1336486/685625/ |url-status=live |accessdate=11 December 2023 |archivedate=30 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154406/https://elbashayer.com/1336486/685625/ }}</ref> ==== Ọrụ Ya Na Ngalaba Ahụike ==== N'afọ 1962, Bahaeddin sonyeere ngalaba nke ọmụmụ ọgwụ, Mahadum Cairo dị ka onye nkuzi na, n'afọ 1973, a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ ọkammụta nke ọgwụgwọ ụmụaka. Ọ weere ọkwa onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka ụmụaka na onye isi ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka dị na mahadum ọhụrụ n'etiti 1983 na 1991.<ref>{{Cite book |last=al-Thaqāfah |first=United Arab Republic Wizārat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNZCl6TzYwIC&q=Hussein+Kamel+Bahaaeldin+-wikipedia |title=Cultural Register |date=1959 |language=en |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325230700/https://books.google.com/books?id=eNZCl6TzYwIC&q=Hussein+Kamel+Bahaaeldin+-wikipedia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2BoIruuzkkC&q=Hussein+Kamel+Bahaaeldin+-wikipedia |title=The Cultural Yearbook |date=1959 |publisher=al Idarah al-ʼAmmah lil-Thaqafah. |language=en |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325230731/https://books.google.com/books?id=m2BoIruuzkkC&q=Hussein+Kamel+Bahaaeldin+-wikipedia |url-status=live }}</ref> Bahaeddin bụụrụ onye òtù [[w:|Egyptian Scientific Academy]], n'afọ 1989 ọ weghaara onye isi oche nke Egypt Society of Paediatrics ruo afọ 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EPA 2015 |url=https://www.misr2000online.net/ConfDetails.aspx?id=38 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=www.misr2000online.net |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130145522/https://www.misr2000online.net/ConfDetails.aspx?id=38 |url-status=live |accessdate=11 December 2023 |archivedate=30 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130145522/https://www.misr2000online.net/ConfDetails.aspx?id=38 }}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ [[w:|World Health Organization]] nyere ya ihe nrite ịbụ onye òtù [[w:|Child Health Foundation]] n'afọ 1989.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Ndị nnata nke ezinụlọ Ihsan Doğramacı |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/172518/1/EB95_SR-10_eng.pdf | nweta-date=20 Jenụwarị 2023 | Archive-date=25 Maachị 2023 | Archive-url=https : //web.archive.org/web/20230325230239/engyle = 3312a30ab-ab20ab20ab20AB20AB2AA1AB2AA1AB2AA1AB20AB20AB20AB20AB20AB20AB2AAA1AB2AA1AB2AA1AB201AB2AA1AB2AA1AB201AB2AA1AB2AA1AB201AB2AB20ab2ab2ab2aab201AB2AA? 1 | UR l-onodu =dị ndụ }}</ref> ==== Minister N'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ ==== Bahaeddin jere ozi dị ka [[w:Mimister of Education (Egypt) | Minista n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ]] nke Ijipt n'etiti 1991 na 2004.<ref name="arabccd3" /> N'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ gbatịpụrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị n'iwu ruo afọ isii,<ref name =":1" /> machibidokwa [[w:School corporal punishment | ntaramahụhụ siri ike nke ụmụ akwụkwọ]], ọbụna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=30 Julaị 2021 |title=حكاية "بهاء الدين مع التعليم" {{!}} استمر 13 سنة وزيرا ومنع الضرب بالمدارس وابتكر "التحسين" |url=https://www.elbalad.news/4907456 | nweta-ụbọchị=230DỤDỤ | webụsaịtị 230 | ar-eg |archive-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130151733/https://www.elbalad.news/4907456 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webụ | ikpeazụ=مبتدا |date=31 Julaị 2016 |title=حسين "التحسين" |url=https://www.elbalad.news/4907456 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=صدى البلد |language=ar-eg |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130151733/https://www.elbalad.news/4907456 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=مبتدا |date=31 July 2016 |title=حسين كامل بهاء الدين.. قرارات غيّرت شكل التعليم فى مصر |url=https://www.mobtada.com/cases/494990/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=www.mobtada.com |language=ar |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113162256/https://www.mobtada.com/cases/494990/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=وفاة حسين كامل بهاء الدين وزير التعليم الأسبق |url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/daily/News/191977/25/540193/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82.aspx |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=الأهرام اليومي |language=ar |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130151734/https://gate.ahram.org.eg/daily/News/191977/25/540193/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Otú ọ dị, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 1998 chọpụtara na ndị nkụzi nọ na Ijipt na-eji ntaramahụhụ anụ ahụ na-enweghị usoro (ọ bụghị ezigbo ntaramahụhụ nkịtị) iji taa ahụhụ omume ha weere dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma. Ihe dị ka pasentị iri asatọ nke ụmụ nwoke na pasent iri isii nke ụmụ agbọghọ ka ndị nkuzi tara aka, osisi, eriri, akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ọkpọ, na igba dị ka ụzọ nchịkwa kachasị. Ndị a na-akọkarị merụọ ahụ bụ mgbakasị na [[w:contusions]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Youssef RM, Attia MS, Kamel MI |last2=Attia |last3=Kamel |date=October 1998 |title=Children experiencing violence. II: Prevalence and determinants of corporal punishment in schools |journal=Child Abuse Negl |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=975–85 |doi=10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00084-2 |pmid=9793720}}</ref> Bahaeddin ewepụtaghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ule mbata mahadum, nke bụbu naanị otu. O kwenyere na [[w:Poverty in Egypt | ịda ogbenye]] na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ na-akpata agụmakwụkwọ dị ala na ọkwa nke ụmụ akwụkwọ, nke a ga-eme, nke mbụ, wepụ egwu nke National Secondary Exam, na nke abụọ, A ga-akwụ ụgwọ nwa akwụkwọ na-enwetaghị nkuzi nkeonwe n'ihi na "nkwugharị na-eme ka ọ dị mma". Agbanyeghị, ịmegharị ule ahụ chọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ ụgwọ ule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=حسين كامل بهاء الدين.. 50 عاماً بين السياسة والتعليم |url=https://darelhilal.com/News/708349.aspx |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=دار الهلال |language=ar-eg |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130152550/https://darelhilal.com/News/708349.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 1994, Bahaeddin nwara ime iwu nke ga-amachibido ụmụ agbọghọ ụlọ akwụkwọ iyi [[w:|hijab]] ọ gwụla ma ndị mụrụ ha edere akwụkwọ ozi nye ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Silver |first=Vernon | ụbọchị = 30 June 1996 | aha = N'ụlọ akwụkwọ Egypt, Ejiji Bụ Ọchịchị | asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/30/archives/in -egypts-schools-fashion-bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.html | nweta-date=30 Jenụarị 2023 |issn=0362-4331 | Archive-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20230130140210/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/30/archives/in-egypts-schools-fashion-is-politics.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Òtù ọ dị, ewepụrụ iwu ahụ n'ihi mkpesa ọha na eze maka nha dị na ya, bụ nke a hụrụ dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi a na-ahazi megide ndị okpukpe Alakuba na [[w:|Ụmụnna ndị Muslim n'Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Septemba 1994 |title= Mgbanwe Scarf |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/scarf-reversal-1449258.html | nweta-date=30 Jenụarị 2023 | webụsaịtị = The Independent | asụsụ = en | Archive-ụbọchị = 30 Jenụarị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130140210/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/scarf-reversal-1449258.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt: Ọgụgụ n'etiti "Akara Uhie": V. Mmegide Ọchịchị |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/egypt0605/6. htm#_ftnref279 | nweta-ụbọchị = 30 Jenụwarị 2023 | webụsaịtị = www.hrw.org | Archive-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130142813/https:// www.hrw.org/reports/2005/egypt0605/6.htm#_ftnref279 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 1998, Bahaeddin nyere iwu nke ga-ata nwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla a nwapụtara na ya wakporo onye nkuzi na ịchụpụ ya n'ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=بشأن منع العنف فى المدارس. |url=http://site.eastlaws.com/GeneralSearch/Home/ArticlesTDetails?MasterID=38334&related |nweta-date=30 Jenụarị 2023 |webụsaịtị=site.eastlaws.com |Archive-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154406/http://site.eastlaws.com/GeneralSearch/Home/ArticlesTDetails?MasterID=38334&related |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-12 |archivedate=2023-01-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154406/http://site.eastlaws.com/GeneralSearch/Home/ArticlesTDetails?MasterID=38334&related }}</ref> Bahaeddin na-ekwukarị banyere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ndị nkuzi n'itinye ụmụ akwụkwọ n'omume ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya karịa. Otu ogbako maka iji ngwa ochichi onye kwuo uche ya na klaasị bụ Group for Democratic Development (GDD) mere na 1999 maka ndị nkuzi Upper-Egypt. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ nwetara ihe nchoputa nke GDD na onyinye iji nyere ha aka na oge ọzụzụ yana ihe ha chọpụtara. N'ikpeazụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị bịara ogbako iri atọ mere na Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchebe Obodo ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ. Ministri agụmakwụkwọ gbochiri ụbọchị iri na ise nke ụgwọ onye so na ya na-akwụ kwa ọnwa ma bo ha ebubo na ha na-akụzi [[w:LGBT rights in Egypt | nwoke idina nwoke]] na [[w:Religion in Egypt | ekweghị na Chineke].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stacher] | nke mbụ = Joshua A. | aha = Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Fang na Claws na mmetụta ya na omenala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ijipt | ụbọchị = 2001 | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/41858384 | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Ọmụmụ Arab nke nkeji nkeji | mpịakọta =23 | mbipụta = 3 | ibe = 83–99 |jstor=41858384 |issn=0271-3519 | nweta-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 | Archive-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive .org/web/20230130141443/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41858384 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 2003, Bahaeddin gbachitere ikike gọọmentị na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ site n'imesi ike na ime nke a ga-egbochii [[w:enculturation]] na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya' ma kwalite nkwekọ nke mba,<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2012 |title=Agụmakwụkwọ na Egypt: Isi ihe ịma aka |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Middle%20East/0312egyptedu_background.pdf |website=Chatham House | nweta-ụbọchị =30 Jenụarị 2023 | ụbọchị-edebe ihe = 10 Eprel 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410201808/https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Middle%20East/0312egyptedu_background.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ka ndị agha, akụ na ụba, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile nwere oke na agụmakwụkwọ dịka ihe gbasara nchekwa obodo.<ref>{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ1=Zaki Ewiss |nke mbụ1=M.A. | ikpeazụ2 = Abdelgawad | first2 = Fatma | ikpeazụ3 = Elgendy | first3 = Azza | ụbọchị = 1 Jenụwarị 2019 | aha = Amụma agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na Egypt: echiche nyocha ọha | url = https://doi.org/10.1108/JHASS-05 -2019-004 | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences | mpịakọta = 1 | mbipụta = 1 | ibe = 55–68 | doi = 10.1108 / JHASS-05-2019-004 | s2cid = 199299225 |issn=26X32-27 | nweta-ụbọchị = 30 Jenụarị 2023 | archive-date=25 Maachị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325230704/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi /10.1108/JHASS-05-2019-004/full/html |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> Agbanyeghị, na-esochi [[2011 Egypt revolution]], Ministry of Education wepụrụ ihe karịrị Pasent 20 nke [[ihe nkuzi]] nke lekwasịrị anya na mmezu na ihe nketa nke a gbasasịrị [[National Democratic Party (Egypt)|National Democratic Party]] (NDP) sitere na usoro ọmụmụ mba.<ref name=":0 "> {{Cite webụ | ikpeazụ = Caravan | nke mbụ = | ụbọchị = 4 Disemba 2016 | aha = Amaghị akwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụkọ akụkọ nke steeti na-akwado |url=https://www.auccaravan.com/?p=4450 | ohere-ụbọchị = 30 Jenụwarị 2023 | weebụsaịtị = The Caravan | asụsụ = en-US | archive-date = 30 Jenụwarị 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230130141445/https://www.auccaravan.com/?p=4450 |url-status=ndụ}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Ministry Agụmakwụkwọ chụrụ ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi nke oboro ebubo na ha nwere nkwado Islam na Muslim Brotherhood n'ọrụ. Emere mkpebi a ka enwetara ozi sitere n'aka ndị njikwa ministri na ndị ọrụ nchekwa, yana mkpesa sitere n'aka nne na nna ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ. Dị ka otu akụkọ dị na '''[[Gulf News]]''', e meghị mkpebi ahụ na mmeghachi omume na [[w:Agha na ụjọ | Ọchịchọ US]] maka mgbanwe nke ga-ewepụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Washington weere dị ka inye aka ịzụlite iyi ọha egwu."<ref>{{Cite web |title= Egypt chụrụ ndị nkuzi dabere na akụkọ nchekwa |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/egypt-dismisses-teachers-based-on-security-reports-1.317408 | nweta-ụbọchị = 30 Jenụwarị 2023 | webụsaịtị = gulfnews.com | ụbọchị = 25 Maachị 2004 | asụsụ = en | archive-date = 30 Jenụwarị 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230130140212 /https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/egypt-dismisses-teachers-based-on-security-reports-1.317408 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite webụ |date= 2 Maachị 2004 | aha = Egypt ji atụmatụ nke ya weghachi azụ: atụmatụ US maka Middle East |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/352640/egypt-hits-back-with-its-own-proposal- us-plan-for-middle-east | nweta-ụbọchị = 30 Jenụarị 2023 | webụsaịtị = DAWN.COM | asụsụ = en | Archive-date = 25 Maachị 2023 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/ web/20230325230705/https://www.dawn.com/news/352640/egypt-hits-back-with-its-own-proposal-us-plan-for-middle-east |url-status=live }}</ref> Mgbanwe ndị a ruru n'ókè nke iwepụ Quran ic amaokwu na [[w:Hadith|okwu]] nke [[w:Muhammad|Prophet Mohammed]] na akwụkwọ dị ka akụkụ nke "New Basic Education Bilateral Agreement." na US nke ga-enye nde [[w:US dollar | USD]] iri isii na anọ. [[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID) enyela Egypt ihe karịrị nde dọla narị asaa na iri isii na ise ($765m) kemgbe afọ 1975.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Manzo |first=Kathleen Kennedy |date=21 April 2004 |title= A na-ahụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ndị Alakụba ka enweghị nnabata | asụsụ = en | ọrụ = izu agụmakwụkwọ | url = https://www.edweek.org/education/muslim-textbooks-seen-as-intolerant/2004/04 | nweta-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 |issn=0277-4232 |archive-date=30 Jenụwarị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130140220/https://www.edweek.org/education/muslim-textbooks-seen -as-intolerant/2004/04 |url-status=ebi ndụ }}</ref> Na 9 Julaị 2004, [[w:Ahmed Gamal El-Din Moussa]] nọchiri Bahaeddin dị ka onye minista mmụta ọhụrụ, na-eso ngbanwe ọkwa nke Prime Minister [[w:Ahmed Nazif]] duziri .<ref name="cabinet">{ {cite webụ | ụbọchị = 16 Julaị 2004 | aha = ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ Egypt |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105051448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-120102971.html |url-status= nwụrụ anwụ |archive-url=https:// web.archive.org/web/20121105051448/https://web.archive.org/web/20121105051448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-120102971.html |archive-date=5 Nọvemba 2012 | nweta = 4 Disemba 2010 | onye mbipụta =[[MEED]]} }</ref> === Ndụ Onwe Onye na Ọnwụ Ya === Bahaeddin lụrụ Samiha Abdel Salam Soliman na 3 February 1966. Ọ nwụrụ na 29 Julaị 2016 mgbe ọ gbasịrị ya na ọrịa mgba na ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2016 |title=وفاة حسين كامل بهاء الدين وزير التعليم الأسبق |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2016/7/29/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82/2821030 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=اليوم السابع |language=ar |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124184205/https://www.youm7.com/story/2016/7/29/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82/2821030 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2016 |title=وفاة حسين كامل بهاء الدين وزير التعليم الأسبق |url=https://www.nile.eg/%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=النيل - قناة مصر الإخبارية |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130151733/https://www.nile.eg/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85 |url-status=live |accessdate=12 December 2023 |archivedate=30 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130151733/https://www.nile.eg/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85 }}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === E nyere Bahaeddin ihe nrite onye òtù [[w:Ihsan Doğramacı Family Health Foundation|Ihsan Doğramacı Family Health Foundation]] n'afọ 1989.<ref name=":12" /> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù [[w:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow|Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons]] nke Glasgow n'afọ 1993.<ref name="arabccd3" /> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta sayensị na [[w:|Mahadum Glasgow]], [[w:|Mahadum Hacettepe]] na [[w:|Mahadum East Anglia]] n'afọ 1997, nakwa na [[w:|St. Olaf College]] n'afọ 1999.<ref name="arabccd3" /> N'afọ 2006, Bahaeddin nwetara ùgwù [[w:Order of the Republic (Egypt)|Order of the Republic]] (Klas nke mbụ) nke Egypt.<ref name="arabccd3" /> N'afọ 2008, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche asọpụụrụ nke [[w:|International Society of Tropical Pediatrics]] nke ndụ ya niile. N'afọ 2009, ọ ghọrọ onye òtù [[w:|International Children's Institute (ICC)]], Ankara, ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara n'otu afọ ahụ dị ka onyeisi oche asọpụụrụ.<ref name="arabccd3" /> Hussein Kamel Bahaeddin Primary School na Alexandria ka akpọrọ aha ya mgbe ọ nwụchara <ref>{{Cite web |title=تليفون وعنوان مدرسة حسين كامل بهاء الدين الابتدائية, الظاهرية {{!}} مدارس حكومية {{!}} يلوبيدجز مصر |url=https://yellowpages.com.eg/ar/profile/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9/364067 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=yellowpages.com.eg |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130151736/https://yellowpages.com.eg/ar/profile/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9/364067 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=مدرسة حسين كامل بهاء الدين الابتدائية تجريبي |url=https://madaresegypt.com//ar/Item/15369/%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d8%25b1%25d8%25b3%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d9%2586-%25d9%2583%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585%25d9%2584-%25d8%25a8%25d9%2587%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a1-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8%25d8%25aa%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25ac%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=madaresegypt.com |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718021854/http://madaresegypt.com/Ar/Item/15369/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A |url-status=live |accessdate=12 December 2023 |archivedate=18 July 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718021854/http://madaresegypt.com/Ar/Item/15369/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A }}</ref> === Edensibia === <references /> i07l2fizru8x233fahzgz4doinn85is 0 34787 655787 174259 2026-06-14T18:37:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Starbox begin|name=Gliese 86}} {{Starbox observe 2s|epoch=J2000.0|constell=[[Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]]|component1=Gliese 86 A|ra1={{RA|02|10|25.9191}}<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|dec1={{DEC|−50|49|25.4672}}<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|appmag_v1=6.17<ref name=spectral_library_gj86A/>|component2=Gliese 86 B|ra2={{RA|02|10|26}}|dec2={{DEC|−50|49|25}}|appmag_v2=<!--Apparent magnitude of the second component (Johnson-Cousins V system)-->}} {{Starbox character|class=K1V<ref name="aj132_1_161"/> + DQ6<ref name="Zeng"/><ref name="OEC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/planet/Gliese%2086%20b/ |title=Open Exoplanet Catalogue, Gliese 86 |access-date=2020-07-13 |archive-date=2020-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714000804/http://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/planet/Gliese%2086%20b/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-12 |archivedate=2020-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714000804/http://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/planet/Gliese%2086%20b/ }}</ref>|r-i=0.40|v-r=0.45|b-v=0.812<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>|u-b=0.45|variable=<!--Variability type-->}} {{Starbox astrometry|radial_v=56.7<ref name="apj764_1_78"/>|prop_mo_ra={{val|2124.853|0.075|fmt=commas}}<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|prop_mo_dec={{val|638.092|0.063}}<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|parallax=92.7042|p_error=0.0454|parallax_footnote=<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|absmag_v=5.95<ref name=Holmberg2009/>}} {{Starbox orbit|reference=<ref name=Zeng>{{cite journal | doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ac8ff7 | title=The Gliese 86 Binary System: A Warm Jupiter Formed in a Disk Truncated at ≈2 au | year=2022 | last1=Zeng | first1=Yunlin | last2=Brandt | first2=Timothy D. | last3=Li | first3=Gongjie | last4=Dupuy | first4=Trent J. | last5=Li | first5=Yiting | last6=Brandt | first6=G. Mirek | last7=Farihi | first7=Jay | last8=Horner | first8=Jonathan | last9=Wittenmyer | first9=Robert A. | last10=Butler | first10=R. Paul. | last11=Tinney | first11=Christopher G. | last12=Carter | first12=Bradley D. | last13=Wright | first13=Duncan J. | last14=Jones | first14=Hugh R. A. | last15=o'Toole | first15=Simon J. | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=164 | issue=5 | page=188 | arxiv=2112.06394 | bibcode=2022AJ....164..188Z | s2cid=252872318 | doi-access=free }}</ref>|primary=Gliese 86 A|name=Gliese 86 B|axis_unitless=23.7 au|eccentricity=0.429|inclination=126.44|node=234.2}} {{Starbox detail|component1=Gliese 86 A|component2=Gliese 86 B|source=<ref name="Fuhrmann2014"/>|mass={{val|0.83|0.05}}|mass2=0.5425<ref name=Zeng/>|radius={{val|0.79|0.03}}|gravity={{val|4.56|0.10}}|temperature={{val|5180|80}}|temperature2={{val|8180|120}}<ref name="OEC"/>|metal_fe={{val|−0.27|0.07}}|rotational_velocity={{val|2.0|1.0}}|age_gyr={{val|10|1}}}} {{Starbox catalog|component1=Gliese 86A|names1={{odlist | CD=−51°532 | HD=13445 | HIP=10138 | HR=637 | SAO=232658 | WDS=J02104-5049A }}<ref name="Simbad for A"/>|component2=Gliese 86B|names2={{odlist | GJ=86 B | HD=13445B | WD=0208-510 | WDS=J02104-5049B }}<ref name="Simbad for B"/>}} {{Starbox reference|Simbad=HD+13445|ARICNS=00185|NSTED=HD+13445|EPE=Gl+86}} {{Starbox end}}'''Gliese 86''' (13 G. Eridani, HD 13445) bụ kpakpando K-ụdị isi-usoro ihe dị ka 35 light-years na kpakpando nke Eridanus. E gosipụtara na obere kpakpando na-acha ọcha na-agba kpakpando mbụ gburugburu. 'afọ 1998, European Southern Observatory kwupụtara na mbara ala dịpụrụ adịpụ na-agba kpakpando ahụ gburugburu. == Akụkụ kpakpando == Onye ibe ya bụ isi (Gliese 86 A) bụ [[kpakpando]] K-ụdị nke ụdị K1V. Njirimara ma e jiri ya tụnyere Anyanwụ bụ 83% nke ịdị arọ, 79% nke radius, na 50% nke ìhè. Kpakpando ahụ nwere nnukwu Mbara ala Jovian na-agba gburugburu. Gliese B bụ obere kpakpando na-acha ọcha nke dị gburugburu 21 AU site na kpakpando bụ isi, na-eme ka usoro Gliese 86 bụrụ otu n'ime binaries kachasị sie ike a maara na ọ na-akwado mbara ala extrasolar. <ref name="mnras361_1_L15">{{Cite journal|title=Gl86B: a white dwarf orbits an exoplanet host star|author=Mugrauer, M.|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters]]|volume=361|issue=1|pages=L15–L19|date=2005|doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2005.00055.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2001/16/aadb012/aadb012.html|title=A second substellar companion in the Gliese 86 system. A brown dwarf in an extrasolar planetary system|author=Els, S. G.|journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]|volume=370|issue=1|pages=L1–L4|date=2001|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010298}}</ref> chọpụtara ya na 2001 ma na mbụ na-eche na ọ bụ obere anụnụ na-acha nchara nchara, mana nchọpụta dị elu na 2005 tụrụ aro na ihe ahụ nwere ike ịbụ obere anụnụ ọcha, ebe ọ bụ na ụyọkọ ya anaghị egosipụta ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-adịkarị na obere anụnụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=New constrains on Gliese 86 B. VLT near infrared coronographic imaging survey of planetary hosts|author=Lagrange, A.-M.|journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]|volume=459|issue=3|pages=955–963|date=2006|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20054710}}</ref>'iche na obere kpakpando na-acha ọcha nwere ihe dị ka ọkara nke Anyanwụ nakwa na usoro a hụrụ na nyocha ọsọ radial bụ n'ihi Gliese 86 B, usoro okirikiri maka kpakpando a gburugburu Gliese 86 A nwere ọkara isi axis nke 18.42 AU na eccentricity nke 0.3974 . [1] Mgbe kpakpando abụọ ahụ na usoro isi, nkewa dị n'etiti kpakpando biyu ahụ dị nso, na ihe dị ka 9 AU. ndị ọzọ maka dwarf -acha ọcha na-enye ya oke nke 55% nke ịdị arọ nke Anyanwụ [1] na okpomọkụ nke ihe dị ka 8200 K. [2] == Usoro mbara ala == <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-4357/548/1/L57/005774.html|author=Han|title=Preliminary astrometric masses for proposed extrasolar planetary companions|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|volume=548|issue=1|pages=L57–L60|date=2001|doi=10.1086/318927}}</ref> mbụ nke [[Nkà mmụta mbara igwe|astrometric]] nke e mere na nyocha mbara igwe Hipparcos na-atụ aro na mbara ala ahụ nwere ntụgharị okirikiri nke 164.0 ° na ịdị arọ ugboro 15 nke Jupiter, nke ga-eme ka ihe ahụ bụrụ obere ihe na-acha nchara nchara. Otú <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2001/24/aa1274/aa1274.html|title=Screening the Hipparcos-based astrometric orbits of sub-stellar objects|author=Pourbaix, D.|journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]|volume=372|issue=3|pages=935–944|date=2001|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010597}}</ref> dị, nyocha ọzọ na-atụ aro na ọnụọgụ Hipparcos ezughi oke iji chọpụta usoro astrometric nke ndị enyi substellar, ya mere, a maghị ntụgharị gburugburu na ezi ịdị arọ nke mbara ala ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/coralie.html|title=Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme|accessdate=2023-12-12|archivedate=2020-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715185914/http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/coralie.html}}</ref> bụ Leonhard Euler Telescope nke Switzerland 1.2 m nke Geneva Observatory na-arụ ọrụ chọpụtara ya. guzobere ihe dị otú ahụ site na Diski protoplanetary nke e bepụrụ na 2 AU site na kpakpando nne. Ntụle ọsọ radial nke Gliese 86 na-egosi usoro ahịrị ozugbo ewepụrụ mmegharị n'ihi mbara ala a. Nke a nwere ike ijikọta ya na mmegharị nke onye ibe ya na-acha ọcha.{{OrbitboxPlanet begin|table_ref=<ref name="Wittenmyer2020"/>}} {{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[Gliese 86 b|b]]|mass={{Val|6.588|0.018|p=≥}}|semimajor={{val|0.114340|0.000001}}|period={{val|15.76480|0.00004}}|eccentricity={{val|0.048|0.002}}}} {{Orbitbox end}} == Hụkwa == * Nnyocha map nke 1961 Zeta Reticuli Incident * Ndepụta nke mbara ala ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ * Ndepụta nke mbara ala ndị a chọtara tupu afọ 2000 - Gliese 86b == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/gl86.htm|title=Gliese 86 / HR 637 AB|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=SolStation|archivedate=2007-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809030714/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/gl86.htm}} b0t7i28rhkdjz7rcrgx8h7i2ieocdjw 0 39683 655811 214653 2026-06-15T05:34:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Iheoma Kennaya Obibi''' bụ onye ode akwụkwọ gbasara nwanyị Afrịka, onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, na ọchụnta ego . Obibi hibere ụlọ ahịa mmekọrịta chiri anya n'ịntanetị nke mbụ na Nigeria, Intimate Pleasure. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Iheoma Obibi, founder of Nigeria's first online sex shop|url=https://www.msafropolitan.com/2013/12/interview-iheoma-obibi.html|accessdate=2020-09-25|work=MsAfropolitan|archivedate=2024-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204080740/https://msafropolitan.com/2013/12/interview-iheoma-obibi.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-03|title=Fearless and Bold: Iheoma Obibi Opens Nigeria's First Online Adult Novelty Store|url=https://awpnetwork.com/2014/06/03/fearless-and-bold-iheoma-obibi-opens-nigerias-first-online-adult-novelty-store/|accessdate=2020-09-25|work=AWP Network|language=en|archivedate=2020-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173841/https://awpnetwork.com/2014/06/03/fearless-and-bold-iheoma-obibi-opens-nigerias-first-online-adult-novelty-store/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == '''Iheoma Kennaya Obibi,''' mụrụ na St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London na August 7, 1965, nye nne na nna Naijiria, George Chikezie Obibi na Love Celine Obibi. George bụ onye ndụmọdụ nlekọta si Umuoba, Uratta, [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Imo State]], ebe nwunye ya si Okwu, Uratta, Imo State. N'afọ 2010, Obibi hibere ụlọ ahịa mmekọrịta chiri anya n'ịntanetị nke mbụ Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obibi by Alliance for Africa|url=https://alliancesforafrica.org/obibi/|date=|work=AFA|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-07-07|archivedate=2025-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217225526/https://alliancesforafrica.org/obibi/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Many Nigerian Women In Sexual Bondage – Iheoma Obibi by She Maestro|url=https://theinterview.ng/2018/02/28/many-nigerian-women-in-sexual-bondage-iheoma-obibi|date=2018-02-28|work=TheInterview Nigeria|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-07-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-10|title=Nigeria's bedroom revolution - satisfying women's demands by Bola Mosuro|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38262881|accessdate=2020-07-11|work=BBC News Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ na-apụtakwa na ihe ngosi redio dị ka ''Madam Butterfly'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=IHEOMA OBIBI – Her Passion For Flaming Intimate Desires Of The Heart|url=https://woman.ng/2015/06/the-leading-woman-iheoma-obibi-her-passion-for-flaming-intimate-desires-of-the-heart|date=2015-06-04|work=Woman ng|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-07-11|archivedate=2017-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715213555/http://woman.ng/2015/06/the-leading-woman-iheoma-obibi-her-passion-for-flaming-intimate-desires-of-the-heart/}}</ref> Obibi gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Clissold Park na London, N16 . O mechara mụọ na Mahadum East London, wee nweta MA na Science Policy Studies na Mahadum City, London . Ọ gụrụ nkuzi na North East London Polytechnic n'etiti 1992 na 1993. Obibi bụ onye dere " ''Pastọ Saul Bottomsup'' " na onye nkwado maka " ''African Women Writing Resistance: Anthology of Contemporary Voices'' . <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Browdy de Hernandez|title=African women writing resistance : an anthology of contemporary voices|date=August 2010|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-23664-9|url=https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/4738.htm|accessdate=2020-07-12|language=English}}</ref> " <ref>{{Cite web|title=Brave Women: Iheoma Obibi is leading a bedroom revolution in Nigeria by|url=https://ynaija.com/brave-women-iheoma-obibi-leading-bedroom-revolution-nigeria/|date=2017-03-07|work=YNaija|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-07-10}}</ref> == Ime ihe == Obibi anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ kemgbe 1996, na-eje ozi dịka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Alliances for Africa (AFA), otu òtù na-abụghị ndị gọọmenti na- edu ụmụ nwanyị na Africa nke dabeere na Nigeria. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na [[Sierra Leone]], [[Kenya]], [[Liberia]], na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] na ebumnobi nke ịtọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa, ịzụlite ọchịchị ndị inyom na iwulite òtù ụmụ nwanyị . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka otu obodo na mba ụwa, gụnyere UN Women, British Council, OECD, DfID na Commonwealth Secretariat . </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> A họpụtara Obibi ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Ashoka n'afọ 2005 maka ọrụ ya "na-agbagha ụdị ndị nna ochie nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria site n'ịgba ume na ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị ịchọ ọkwa ọchịchị n'ọkwa ọchịchị niile na iweta ụmụ nwanyị n'ihu n'ihu ndị na-eme mkpebi". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Iheoma Obibi Ashoka Fellow 2005|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en-ng/fellow/iheoma-obibi|work=Ashoka|accessdate=2020-07-12}}</ref> N'oge [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Obasanjo]] na-achị, Obibi na nwa ya nwoke, Dilim Odinkalu, bụ ndị [[Nigeria Police Force|SSS Naijiria]] nwụchiri ugboro abụọ n'ihe gbasara ihe omume Alliance for Africa ha, yana ọrụ onye Obibi na-arụkọ ọrụ bụ [[Chidi Odinkalu|Chidi Anselm Odinkalu]] na Open Society Justice Initiative . A tọhapụrụ ha site na ntinye aka sitere na UK. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Odinkalu|first=Chidi|title=We Are Not Fugitives, Charles Taylor Is|url=https://www.justiceinitiative.org/voices/we-are-not-fugitives-charles-taylor|work=Open Society Justice Initiative|accessdate=2020-07-09|language=en-gb|date=2005-08-03}}</ref> == Nkwenye == N'afọ 2015, [[YNaija]] depụtara Obibi n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 100 kacha agba ume na Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Abike Dabiri, Funke Opeke, Kemi Adetiba, Funmi Iyanda & more! These are Nigeria's 100 Most Inspiring Women – #YWomen100 by Isime Esene|url=https://ynaija.com/abike-dabiri-funke-opeke-kemi-adetiba-funmi-iyanda-more-these-are-nigerias-100-most-inspiring-women-ywomen100|date=2015-03-08|work=Woman ng|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-07-10}}</ref> == Edensibia == . [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h7f8ymoal1gsmuijlw6jchtkayaku0f 0 40738 655810 214651 2026-06-15T05:28:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Grand Challenges Canada''' ( '''GCC''' ) bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na Canada nke na-eji ihe atụ nnukwu ihe ịma aka iji kwado ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu ahụike na ihe ịma aka mmepe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/joseph-rotman-toronto-businessman-and-philanthropist-dies-at-80/article22652471/|title=Renaissance man Joseph Rotman was a patron of education|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=January 27, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/announcement/grand-challenges-canada-launched|title=Grand Challenges Canada Launched|publisher=[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]|date=May 2, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandchallenges.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Annual_Report_2017_EN_Web.pdf|title=A Platform for Innovation: 2016-2017 Annual Report|publisher=Grand Challenges Canada|date=May 2, 2010|accessdate=April 6, 2024|archivedate=January 23, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123171122/http://www.grandchallenges.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Annual_Report_2017_EN_Web.pdf}}</ref> Nzukọ a akwadola ihe karịrị ọrụ 1,000 na mba 80, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/06/20/toronto-based-firm-helps-develop-medical-innovations|title=Toronto-based firm helps develop medical innovations|publisher=[[Toronto Sun]]|date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> na-emetụta nde mmadụ 1.3. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40597542|title=Grandmother power in Canada's global aid|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ Gọọmenti Canada na-akwado ya ma na-akwado ya na mpaghara nchọpụta MaRS <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marsdd.com/ventures-and-tenants/grand-challenges-canada/|title=Grand Challenges Canada|publisher=[[MaRS Discovery District]]|accessdate=2024-04-06|archivedate=2018-09-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022746/https://www.marsdd.com/ventures-and-tenants/grand-challenges-canada/}}</ref> site na netwọk ahụike University na Toronto, Ontario, Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uhn.ca/corporate/News/Pages/McLaughlin_Rotman_centre_challenge.aspx|title=McLaughlin-Rotman Centre up for "Grand Challenge"|publisher=[[University Health Network]]|date=May 3, 2010}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada dabere na nnukwu ihe ịma aka dị na ụdị ahụike ụwa nke Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation . <ref name="Grand Challenges Canada Launched">{{Cite web|url=https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/announcement/grand-challenges-canada-launched|title=Grand Challenges Canada Launched|publisher=[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]|date=May 2, 2010}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/announcement/grand-challenges-canada-launched "Grand Challenges Canada Launched"]. [[Ụlọ ọrụ Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]. May 2, 2010.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Grand Challenges in Global Health|date=October 17, 2003|doi=10.1126/science.1091769|author=Varmus|first=H.|journal=Science|volume=302|issue=5644|pages=398–399|pmid=14563993}}</ref> Peter A. Singer, CEO nke Grand Challenges Canada, na Dr. Abdallah Daar, Onye isi oche nke nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada's Sayensị Advisory Board, nọdụrụ na bọọdụ sayensị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40597542|title=Grandmother power in Canada's global aid|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2011/09/23/grandest_challenge_the_torontoborn_crusade_to_cure_the_worlds_sick.html|title=Grandest Challenge: The Toronto-born crusade to cure the world's sick|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=September 23, 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, onye na-agụ egwú dere op-ed na National Post nke mere arụmụka maka otu ụlọ ọrụ yiri nke dabeere na Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/national-post-latest-edition/20051109/281870113838344|title=Think Small|publisher=[[National Post]]|date=November 9, 2005}}</ref> Nke a dọtara uche nke gọọmentị Canada, na-eduga n'ịmepụta nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40597542|title=Grandmother power in Canada's global aid|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> E hiwere nzukọ a na $ 225 nde CAD n'ime afọ 5 site na mmefu ego gọọmenti etiti Canada nke 2008 iji "na-akwado nyocha nyocha nke na-ekwu maka nsogbu ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ dị oke egwu iji weta ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide na ahụike na ndụ ndị mmadụ na mba ndị na-enweghị ego." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/health/Inventor+uses+stinky+socks+fight+malaria/5095013/story.html|title=Inventor uses stinky socks to fight malaria|publisher=[[Postmedia Network]]|date=July 13, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.budget.gc.ca/2008/pdf/plan-eng.pdf|title=The Budget Plan 2008: Responsible Leadership|publisher=[[Government of Canada]]|date=February 26, 2008|accessdate=September 14, 2017|archivedate=March 3, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230603/http://www.budget.gc.ca/2008/pdf/plan-eng.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="Grand Challenges Canada Launched"/> The Budget 2008 kere Development Innovation Fund, jikwaa site a consortium gụnyere Grand Challenges Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, na International Development Research Center . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idrc.ca/en/project/development-innovation-fund-global-health-research|title=Development Innovation Fund for Global Health Research|date=30 April 2019|publisher=[[International Development Research Centre]]}}</ref> Na June 2015, Global Affairs Canada kwupụtara mgbakwunye $ 161 nde CAD na ego maka nzukọ ahụ n'ime afọ 10 site na gọọmentị Muskoka Initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/06/20/toronto-based-firm-helps-develop-medical-innovations|title=Toronto-based firm helps develop medical innovations|publisher=[[Toronto Sun]]|date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2015/06/canada-partners-grand-challenges-canada-save-lives-mothers-children-through-health-innovation.html?=undefined&wbdisable=true|title=Canada Partners with Grand Challenges Canada to Save the Lives of Mothers and Children Through Health Innovation|publisher=[[Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada]]|date=June 12, 2015|accessdate=April 6, 2024|archivedate=October 31, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031145825/https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2015/06/canada-partners-grand-challenges-canada-save-lives-mothers-children-through-health-innovation.html?=undefined&wbdisable=true}}</ref> Ihe ohuru nke nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada kwadoro gụnyere ngwaọrụ Odon, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/14/health/new-tool-to-ease-difficult-births-a-plastic-bag.html?mcubz=0|title=Car Mechanic Dreams Up a Tool to Ease Births|work=[[New York Times]]|date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> the Lucky iron fish, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1345142/5-made-in-canada-ideas-helping-women-and-babies-around-the-world/|title=5 made-in-Canada ideas helping women and babies around the world|publisher=[[Global News]]|date=May 22, 2014}}</ref> the Ovillanta, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canadian-researchers-mosquito-trap-offers-hope-in-fight-against-zika/article29569918/|title=Canadian researcher's mosquito trap offers hope in fight against Zika spread|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=April 8, 2016}}</ref> Doppler fetal monitor na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/07/01/2_million_in_grants_for_bright_ideas_that_help_save_lives.html|title=$2 million in grants for bright ideas that help save lives|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=July 1, 2011}}</ref> ọnụ ala na arụ ọrụ ikpere nkwonkwo, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2012/02/09/toronto_scientist_develops_artificial_leg_that_costs_just_50.html|title=Toronto scientist develops artificial leg that costs just $50|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=February 9, 2012}}</ref> Ihe mkpuchi na-adịghị mma maka ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ahịa ngwaike nke na-agbanwe ha ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ ịwa ahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/health/cover-lets-household-drills-be-used-in-surgery.html?mcubz=0|title=Cover Lets Household Drills Be Used in Surgery|work=[[New York Times]]|date=August 2, 2016}}</ref> swab <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2012/02/09/toronto_scientist_develops_artificial_leg_that_costs_just_50.html|title=Toronto scientist develops artificial leg that costs just $50|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=February 9, 2012}}</ref> atụrụ iji meziwanye nchọpụta [[afọ ọsịsa]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/05/25/flocked-swabs-may-be-key-to-treating-diarrheal-diseases-in-developing-countries.html|title='Flocked swabs' may be key to treating diarrheal diseases in developing countries|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=May 25, 2015}}</ref> ihe nchekwa [[ọmụmụ]] $ 5, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/04/29/innovative_ideas_for_saving_lives_get_a_leg_up.html|title=Grand Challenges: Innovative ideas for saving lives get a leg up|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=April 29, 2013}}</ref> 3-D ebipụtara, aka prosthetic dị ọnụ ala., <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3297918/lending-a-helping-hand-victoria-non-profit-in-the-running-for-huge-google-grant/|title=Lending a helping hand: Victoria non-profit in the running for huge Google grant|publisher=[[Global News]]|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> na ntụ ntụ na-emegharị onwe ya iji kwụsị ọbara ọgbụgba . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ubc.ca/2015/10/02/ubc-researchers-create-self-propelled-powder-to-stop-bleeding/|title=UBC researchers create self-propelled powder to stop bleeding|publisher=[[University of British Columbia]]|date=October 2, 2015|accessdate=April 6, 2024|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130111616/https://news.ubc.ca/2015/10/02/ubc-researchers-create-self-propelled-powder-to-stop-bleeding/}}</ref> == Mmemme == Nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada na-akwado ọtụtụ mmemme na atụmatụ ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ : * "Stars in Global Health", nke na-enye ego mkpụrụ maka ngwọta maka nsogbu ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandchallenges.ca/programs/stars-in-global-health|title=Stars in Global Health|publisher=Grand Challenges Canada}}</ref> Ndị nnata ihe nrite a gụnyere Evelyn Gitau . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Wamuswa|first=Nanjinia|title=Canada gives Kenyan scientist Sh8.5 million research grant|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2000099197/canada-gives-kenyan-scientist-sh8-5-million-research-grant|accessdate=2020-08-17|work=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> * "Ịchekwa ndụ n'oge ọmụmụ", nke na-achọpụta ma na-ebuli usoro mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ mgbe a mụrụ nwa. Ịchekwa ndụ n'oge ọmụmụ bụ mmekorita nke United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Gọọmenti Norway, Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, Grand Challenges Canada, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] Department for International Development (DFID), na Korea International Ụlọ ọrụ nkwado (KOICA) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://savinglivesatbirth.net/|title=Saving Lives at Birth|publisher=Saving Lives at Birth|accessdate=2024-04-06|archivedate=2016-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623141203/https://savinglivesatbirth.net/}}</ref> * "Ịchekwa ụbụrụ", nke na-akwado ichekwa na ịzụlite ụbụrụ mmalite iji nye atụmatụ ọpụpụ ogologo oge na ịda ogbenye . Ịchekwa ụbụrụ bụ mmekorita nke Grand Challenges Canada, Aga Khan Foundation Canada, Bernard van Leer Foundation, Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, The ELMA Foundation, Grand Challenges Ethiopia, Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal Foundation, Palix Foundation, UBS Optimus Foundation na World Vision Canada . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://savingbrainsinnovation.net|title=Saving Brains|publisher=Saving Brains}}</ref> * "Global Mental Health", nke na-akwado ụdị iji gbasaa ohere nlekọta na ịdị irè nke ọrụ iji melite ahụike uche . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandchallenges.ca/programs/global-mental-health|title=Global Mental Health|publisher=Grand Challenges Canada}}</ref> Site na mmemme ahụike uche zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Canada, Gọọmenti Canada na-akwado nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ahụike uche zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/APPG_Mental-Health_Web.pdf|title=Mental Health for Sustainable Development|publisher=All-Party Parliamentary Group on Global Health|accessdate=2024-04-06|archivedate=2023-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031145837/https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/APPG_Mental-Health_Web.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/04/a-depression-fighting-strategy-that-could-go-viral/?mcubz=0|title=A Depression-Fighting Strategy That Could Go Viral|work=[[New York Times]]|date=December 4, 2014}}</ref> * "Transition To Scale", nke na-eweta ihe ọhụrụ site na ngosipụta nke echiche ruo n'ókè site n'iji ọrụ afọ ofufo na mmetụta itinye ego ụdị. Ihe omume a na-akwado echiche ndị nwetara akaebe nke echiche site na nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada ma ọ bụ site na pipeline nke ndị mmekọ ya, dị ka Skoll Foundation na Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandchallenges.ca/programs/transition-to-scale|title=Transition-to-Scale|publisher=Grand Challenges Canada|accessdate=2024-04-06|archivedate=2024-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118103337/https://www.grandchallenges.ca/programs/transition-to-scale/}}</ref> * Grand Challenges Canada bụ onye na-etinye ego arịlịka na Global Health Investment Fund, ego US $ 108 nke na-enye ndị na-etinye ego ohere itinye ego na teknụzụ ahụike ụwa n'ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghif.com|title=Global Health Investment Fund|publisher=Global Health Investment Fund}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ investors na ndị mmekọ gụnyere Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, JPMorgan Chase, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, International Finance Corporation, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development, Children's Investment Fund Foundation, AXA, na Storebrand . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpmorganchase.com/corporate/Corporate-Responsibility/global-health-investment-fund|title=Global Health Investment Fund|publisher=[[JPMorgan Chase & Co.]]|accessdate=2024-04-06|archivedate=2020-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517141922/https://www.jpmorganchase.com/corporate/Corporate-Responsibility/global-health-investment-fund}}</ref> * Nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada na-akwado Ụlọ Ahịa Innovation nke Nwanyị ọ bụla (EWEC), nke ewepụtara na Septemba 2015 n'okpuru Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Nwanyị ọ bụla nwa ọ bụla na usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka . Ndị na-ere ahịa n'ahịa na-agbanwe n'ọtụtụ ntinye ego na ahụike ọmụmụ, nne, nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ, nwatakịrị na n'oge uto. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.everywomaneverychild.org/about/ewec-ecosystem/#sect12|title=Every Woman Every Child Innovation Marketplace|date=12 December 2016|publisher=Every Woman Every Child|accessdate=6 April 2024|archivedate=2 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702170124/https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/about/ewec-ecosystem/#sect12}}</ref> * Nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada malitere ịmepụta olileanya na esemokwu: nnukwu ihe ịma aka mmadụ na February 2018 site na ego sitere na USAID's Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), Ngalaba United Kingdom for International Development (DFID), na Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs . Nnukwu ịma aka ndị mmadụ na-achọ itinye ego ọhụrụ na-elebara ndị ọgụ ọgụ ma ọ bụ ọgbaghara mmadụ metụtara akachasị anya. Nnukwu ihe ịma aka mbụ mara ndị 23 ikpeazụ maka onyinye ruru US $ 250,000 nke ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humanitariangrandchallenge.org|title=Humanitarian Grand Challenge}}</ref> == Ọchịchị == Nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada bụ otu Board of Directors na-eduzi ya na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ sayensị . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandchallenges.ca/who-we-are/our-people/|title=Our People|publisher=Grand Challenges Canada|accessdate=2017-09-14|archivedate=2017-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223080336/http://www.grandchallenges.ca/who-we-are/our-people/}}</ref> == Edensibia == Dr. Abdallah Daar, Onye isi oche nke nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada's Sayensị Advisory Board, nọdụrụ na bọọdụ sayensị. [[Abdallah Daar|Dr. Abdallah Daar]], Onye isi oche nke nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada's Sayensị Advisory Board, nọdụrụ na[[Abdallah Daar|Dr. Abdallah Daar]], Onye isi oche nke nnukwu ihe ịma aka Canada's Sayensị Advisory Board, nọdụrụ na bọọdụ sayensị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40597542|title=Grandmother power in Canada's global aid|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2011/09/23/grandest_challenge_the_torontoborn_crusade_to_cure_the_worlds_sick.html|title=Grandest Challenge: The Toronto-born crusade to cure the world's sick|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=September 23, 2011}}</ref> bọọdụ sayensị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40597542|title=Grandmother power in Canada's global aid|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2011/09/23/grandest_challenge_the_torontoborn_crusade_to_cure_the_worlds_sick.html|title=Grandest Challenge: The Toronto-born crusade to cure the world's sick|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|date=September 23, 2011}}</ref>{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.grandchallenges.ca Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [http://www.grandchallenges.org Webụsaịtị Global Grand Challenges] * [http://www.savingbrainsinnovation.net Webụsaịtị mmemme ịchekwa ụbụrụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160623141203/https://savinglivesatbirth.net/ Weebụsaịtị mmemme ịchekwa ndụ] Archived </link> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m3xn6lbpg34tow1wc6q7v3bw8r46i42 0 44113 655823 165362 2026-06-15T07:28:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655823 wikitext text/x-wiki   Akashinga, (nke bụbu International Anti-Poaching Foundation ( IAPF )) bụ echiche echiche nke ede aha na Australia, na-arụ ọrụ na kọntinent Africa.  [1] [2] Ndị otu a na mbụ usoro agha ahaziri maka nchekwa, iji na ụzọ echekwa maka ogụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, [3] wee kwaga n'ụzọ gbadoro ụkwụ na obodo.  Nke a ịkpọ a na-enye ụmụnwanyị obodo dịka ndị nche<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180926-akashinga-all-women-rangers-in-africa-fighting-poaching|title=Meet the 'Brave Ones': The women saving Africa's wildlife|first=Rachel|author=Nuwer|authorlink=Rachel Nuwer|publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Damien Mander ikike ntọala a, [1] ka ọ gachara njem na Africa ebe o bu n'obi iji ụgbọ mmiri ya maka nchekwa.  [2] [3] Ọpụ nsogbu ndị nche n'ihu na anụ anụ nwere, [4] wee hiwe IAPF na 2009 <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8095372|title=Damien's War|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=20 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820004030/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8095372}}</ref> <ref name="ia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iapf.org|title=IAPF – International Anti-poaching Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africamediaonline.com/mmc/gallery/detail/events/anti-poaching-in-zim|title=Anti Poaching in Zim – Africa Media Online|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=12 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112021213/http://www.africamediaonline.com/mmc/gallery/detail/events/anti-poaching-in-zim}}</ref> .Na 2010, ihe omume TV 60 na-esere ọrụ IAPF na Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na mbọ nchekwa maka rhinoceros ojii.  [1] N'afọ 2012, ndị 60 wee mee ihe nkiri IAPF site na iji drones na- mmadụ na nchekwa mba Niassa nke Mozambique <ref name="Jungle Warfare – 60 Minutes">{{Cite web|url=http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8553858|title=Jungle Warfare|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=20 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820011043/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8553858}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, ndị IAPF tụụrụ site n'usoro ndị agha gaa n'atụmatụ gbakwasara obodo maka ọrụ nta ha, na-anwa eleleli ndị obodo ka ha sonye na mbọ nchekwa ahụ.  ụmụ n'ime mbọ a bụ ụmụ ụmụ ka ha bụrụ ndị na-azụ anụ, na-enyere ma mbọ nchekwa anụ ndị na-enye ụmụ anụmanụ aka.  ntọala mbụ ndị IAPF hibere maka ụmụ bụ Akashinga na Ndagwurugwu Zambezi Lower na Phundundu, Zimbabwe.  Mgbasa ozi mbụ maka ndị na-eme mbụ aka lekwasịrị anya na "ndị e-ike n'ụzọ mgbochi ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike n'ahụ; ndị bụ nne nanị ha na-azụ ụmụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-enye gbahapụrụ agbahapụ;  ọ bụ ndị ụmụ mgbei Aids", ka BBC siri kwuo<ref name="bbc"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/killing-season-crisis-time-for-africa-s-famed-wildlife-20180917-p50474.html|title=Killing season: Crisis time for Africa's famed wildlife|first=Greg|author=Callaghan|date=25 September 2018|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>Ha elele usoro maka maka ụmụ na South Africa.  [1] N'ime afọ mbụ ya, ndị otu egwuregwu na-ahụ maka igbu ọchụ nwere ike ijide ihe dịka 70 n'ime afọ mbụ.  [2] Nkeji 60 gbara ihe nkiri nke ugboro atọ na 2018, na-ekpuchi mmemme Akashinga na Ndagwurugwu Zambezi nke dị na ZImbabwe, nke bụ ebe nchekwa okike mbụ n'ụwa nke ụmụ anụmanụ ga- icon ma chebe ya.  Jane Goodall bụ onye nkwado nke akwụkwọ a. == Ọrụ == IAPF na-arụkwa ngalaba mgbochi ịkpa anụ, na-echekwa mmemme ọmụmụ nke rhino ojii na Stanley & Livingstone Private Game Reserve. <ref>[http://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2011/10/02/wildlife-war-zone-hero Wildlife war zone hero – ''The Sunday Times'']</ref> Ọ nweghị rhino e gburu n'oge IAPF rụrụ ọrụ ebe ahụ. <ref name="702.co.za">[http://www.702.co.za/onair/heardonair.asp?action=mainsearch The war against poachers – 702 Talk Radio South Africa]</ref> IAPF na-enyekwa ọzụzụ n'efu na Zimbabwe maka ndị nche. <ref name="voanews.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/iraq-war-veteran-battles-rhino-poachers-in-africa-138338229/159563.html|title=Iraq War Veteran Battles Rhino Poachers in Africa|date=29 January 2012|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref> A na-akuziri ndị nchekwa IAPF nka gụnyere mgbanaka, nchegharị, njide, nchekwa ebe mpụ, <ref name="voanews.com" /> na ikpuchi na nzuzo. Ụfọdụ nkà bụ mmegharị nke usoro agha, emeziri ka ọ dabara na mbọ nchekwa. <ref name="contactairlandandsea.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.contactairlandandsea.com/2009/Past_Editions/issue29/con29_africa.pdf|title=Raw for Africa – Military skills applied in a new fight – Contact Magazine|accessdate=2024-05-01|archivedate=2023-06-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628165948/http://www.contactairlandandsea.com/2009/Past_Editions/issue29/con29_africa.pdf}}</ref> A rụzigharịrị ụfọdụ ndị ọchụnta ego a mara ikpe ma ziga ha ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ndị nche. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/dehorning-rhino-by-the-international-antipoaching-foundation.html|title=De-Horning Rhino by the International Anti-Poaching Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref> Na Saụt Afrịka IAPF rụpụtara ụkpụrụ ntozu mba ahụ na-emegide ịchụ nta anụ ọhịa. <ref name="kruger2canyon.linmedia.co.za">{{Cite web|url=http://kruger2canyon.linmedia.co.za/details/19-10-2012/training_is_the_best_weapon_against_poaching/15394|title=Details|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=13 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413175351/http://kruger2canyon.linmedia.co.za/details/19-10-2012/training_is_the_best_weapon_against_poaching/15394}}</ref> == Nkwenye IAPF == Na 2013, nhọpụta atọ na The Humane Society of the United States '28th Jenesis Award kwa afọ ọzọ IAPF <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.humanesociety.org/about/events/genesis_awards/27th_nominees.html|title=Nominees of the 2013 Genesis Awards|accessdate=25 February 2013|archivedate=3 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303162949/http://www.humanesociety.org/about/events/genesis_awards/27th_nominees.html}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.IAPF.org Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke International Anti-Poaching Foundation] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FCsyK4aRXQ Damien Mander TEDx Damien Mander na TedX] 9alc3637ckly08xvww7xdq8ym27hmgp 0 45244 655831 167558 2026-06-15T10:12:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Joseph Moses Gerald Gordon''' (December 14, 1933 - Septemba 11, 2016) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ South Africa, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary. Journal of the South African Institute of Architects. p.13|url=https://saia.org.za/assets/docs/archsa/ASA87.pdf|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=|work=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=GORDON, Joseph Moses Gerald|url=https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/archframes.php?archid=4249|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=www.artefacts.co.za|archivedate=2021-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223075535/https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/archframes.php?archid=4249}}</ref> Prọfesọ (1976 – 1994) na Mahadum Witwatersrand School of Architecture, na Onye nyocha nsọpụrụ nke mahadum ( 1994-2016). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary content by year - Wits University|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/obituaries/obituary-content-by-year/#d.en.1762412|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=www.wits.ac.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wits Review May 2017 by Wits Alumni Relations - Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/witsalumnirelations/docs/witsreview_may_2017_issuu|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=issuu.com|language=en}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ịmepụta usoro ụlọ [[Thin-Skin Design and Construction|"Thin-Skin"]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title="The Transformation of Informal Housing into Permanent Sustainable Settlements." SB'04. Stellenbosch, 2004|url=https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC23104.pdf|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=|work=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Leibowitz|first=Julie|date=2020-10-05|title=Joburg – city of architects and dreamers|url=https://www.sajr.co.za/joburg-city-of-architects-and-dreamers/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=Jewish Report|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Edere akwụkwọ ya na eserese ya na Mahadum Witwatersrand School of Architecture &amp;amp; Planning . <ref name=":1">Librarian, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment: John Moffat Building, University of the Witwatersrand, I Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Transvaal (ugbu a Gauteng ) Institute of Architects na 1978 na 1979. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Presidents {{!}} GIfA {{!}} Gauteng Institute for Architecture {{!}} Johannesburg (Joburg), Gauteng, South Africa|url=https://www.gifa.org.za/about-us/presidents|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=www.gifa.org.za}}</ref> Ejiri "Blue Plaque" na-echeta ebe obibi ya site na Johannesburg Heritage Foundation na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|title=SA Architect Honoured With Blue Plaque|url=https://www.sajr.co.za/moving-mountains-sa-architect-honoured-with-blue-plaque/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Johannesburg Heritage Foundation list of Blue Plaques|url=https://joburgheritage.org.za/blue-plaques/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == akwụkwọ ya na eserese ya na Mahadum Witwatersrand{{Reflist}} n24agg3m79svp9mrv7zudjmwse45zpp 0 45621 655838 638138 2026-06-15T11:19:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655838 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''James Barnor''' Hon. FRPS, OV (amụrụ 6 Juun 1929) <ref>[https://www.serpentinegalleries.org/whats-on/james-barnor/ "James Barnor"], [[Serpentine Galleries]].</ref> bụ onye na-ese foto [[Ghana|nke Ghana]] nke hibere na London kemgbe 1990s. Ọrụ ya dị ihe dị ka afọ iri isii, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime oge ahụ amachaghị ọrụ ya, ndị ọhụụ ọhụrụ achọpụtala ya n'ikpeazụ. N'okporo ámá ya na foto studio, Barnor na-anọchite anya ọha mmadụ na mgbanwe na 1950s na 1960: Ghana na-aga n'ihu na nnwere onwe, na London na-aghọ obodo ukwu. <ref name="Genova">Alexandra Genova, [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/nov/29/james-barnor-ghanaian-photographer-swinging-sixties-independence-black-90 "Party time! The photographer who captured the other swinging sixties"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 29 November 2019.</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Enwere m obi ụtọ na m dị ndụ mgbe ihe na-eme ... mgbe Ghana ga-enwere onwe ya na Ghana nwere onwe ya, na mgbe m rutere England [[The Beatles|, Beatles]] nọ gburugburu. Ihe na-eme na 60s, ya mere m kpọọ onwe m Lucky Jim." <ref name="LuckyJim"/> Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-ese foto akwụkwọ akụkọ oge niile nke Ghana na 1950s, a na-ekwupụtakwa ya na ọ webatara nhazi agba na Ghana na 1970s. <ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/james-barnor/ James Barnor biography] at Victoria and Albert Museum.</ref> E kwuwo: "James Barnor bụ Ghana na foto nta akụkọ ihe [[Ousmane Sembène]] bụ na [[Senegal]] na cinema Africa." <ref>Tiffani Jones, [http://www.coffeerhetoric.com/2012/08/secret-history-of-black-pinup-drum.html "Secret History of the Black Pinup: Drum Magazine and James Barnor"], Coffee Rhetoric, 23 August 2012.</ref> Barnor ekwuola banyere otu esi achọpụtaghachi ọrụ ya na 2007 n'oge oge jubili "Ghana na 50" site na curator [[Nana Oforiatta Ayim|Nana Oforiat-Ayim]], bụ onye haziri ihe ngosi mbụ nke foto ya na Black Cultural Archives (BCA). <ref>[http://www.communityarchives.org.uk/content/past-events/black-cultural-archives-launches-exciting-heritage-programme-to-commemorate-ghanas-golden-jubilee "Black Cultural Archives Launches Exciting Heritage Programme to Commemorate Ghana's Golden Jubilee"], Community Archives and Heritage Group, 7 March 2007.</ref> Ekele maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri studio, onye na-ese foto na onye na-ese foto ndụ ojii <ref name="Telegraph">Kate Salter, [https://web.archive.org/web/20221005021834/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8168851/Colour-me-beautiful-James-Barnors-photographs-for-Drum-magazine.html "Colour me beautiful: James Barnor's photographs for Drum magazine"], Fashion, ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', 7 December 2010.</ref> ka abawanyela kemgbe 2010 mgbe nnukwu ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nke foto ya, ''Ever Young: James Barnor'', nọ na Rivington Place, London, sochiri ya. usoro ihe ngosi gụnyere na United States na [[South Africa]] . Ndị ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ bụ Autograph ABP jikọtara foto ya n'oge ọrụ afọ anọ nke Heritage Lottery Fund kwadoro na 2011 ghọrọ akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa ọhụrụ na ebe nyocha maka foto ọdịbendị dị iche iche. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/kent/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9266000/9266007.stm "Work of Medway-trained photographer in new archive"], BBC Kent, 7 December 2010.</ref> Foto Barnor nwekwara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nwere ihe ngosi na Ghana, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140512233532/http://www.okayafrica.com/2012/06/28/photos-james-barnor-ever-young/ "Photos: James Barnor 'Ever Young'"], Okayafrica, 28 June 2012.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghstreets.com/pages/events/james_barnor.html |title="Ghana – A Heritage Ever Young", GHStreets.com. |accessdate=2024-05-27 |archivedate=2013-08-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801095754/http://ghstreets.com/pages/events/james_barnor.html }}</ref> France ( Paris Photo 2011, Galerie Baudoin Lebon; <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241127084945/http://www.baudoin-lebon.com/m/artistes/oeuvres/299/james-barnor James Barnor] at Baudoin Lebon.</ref> Galerie Clémentine de la Féronnière), [[Netherlands]] . Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke ọrụ ya, nke aha ya bụ ''James Barnor: Ever Young'', bipụtara na 2015, gụnyere mkparịta ụka dị ukwuu n'etiti Barnor na Margaret Busby na Francis Hodgson. == Afọ mbụ == Frederick Seton James Barnor mụrụ na Accra, n'ebe ahụ bụ Gold Coast, West Africa. N'inye nkọwa banyere otu o si bịa ịhọrọ ọrụ ya, o kwuru, sị: "Foto dị n'ime ezinụlọ m. Ụmụnne nna m abụọ bụ ndị na-ese foto. Nwa nwanne nna m bụ onye na-ese foto, ma achọpụtara m mgbe e mesịrị mgbe m banyere na nwa nwanne nne ọzọ bụkwa onye na-ese foto. onye na-ese foto." <ref name="LuckyJim"/> Mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, Barnor nọ na-akụzi ịkpa nkata n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ozi ala ọzọ na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nyere ya igwefoto "ka ya na ya na-egwuri egwu - ọ bụ Kodak Brownie 127, nke ejiri plastik mee". <ref name="Nowness">[https://www.nowness.com/story/picture-this "Picture This – Photographer James Barnor Looks Back at 60 Years Behind the Camera"], [[Nowness]], 25 September 2010.</ref> N'afọ 1947, Barnor malitere ịmụ ọrụ na nwa nwanne nna ya JP Dodoo, onye na-ese foto a ma ama, "na-esekarị foto ndị mmadụ n'ihi na mgbe ị na-ese foto nke ifuru na ebe ọ nweghị onye ga-akwụ ha ụgwọ. Emere m nke ahụ maka abụọ. Ọtụtụ afọ mana m na-achọkarị ịbụ onye uwe ojii, etinyere m akwụkwọ ka m bụrụ onye uwe ojii na-ese foto, a nabatakwara m ya, mana tupu m amalite ọzụzụ nwanne nna m nyere m igwefoto o ji ese foto. <ref name="Nowness" /> == Ever Young Studio == Mgbe ọ gụchara ọzụzụ ahụ, o guzobere omume foto nke onwe ya ("Emere m ọtụtụ mmepe na ibipụta ndị enyi, yana ịse foto. Akpọrọ m ụlọ ọrụ m FS James Barnor's Quick Photo Service - FS bụ aha m nke mbụ, maka Frederick Seton. Ọ bụrụ na ị wetara m ihe ndị ahụ na-adịghị mma, ị ga-enweta foto ndị ahụ n'echi ya.") <ref name="Naidoo - Barnor at 90">Riason Naidoo, [https://mg.co.za/article/2019-06-21-00-photographer-james-barnor-ever-young-at-90 "Photographer James Barnor – Ever Young at 90"], ''Mail & Guardian'', 21 June 2019.</ref> n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe n'okporo ámá dị na Jamestown nke isi obodo, na-eji azụ azụ n'èzí ụlọ ya mgbazinye. <ref name="LuckyJim">Kwaku, [http://content.yudu.com/A1rjpu/NA0411/resources/80.htm "Lucky Jim, still working at 81"], ''New African'', April 2011, pp. 80–82.</ref> Mgbe onye nwe ya chọrọ iweghachite ụlọ ahụ, site na 1953 Barnor malitere ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ Ever Young Studio. <ref name="ModernGhana">Audrey Quaye, [http://www.modernghana.com/news/260915/1/upcoming-exhibition-of-james-barnors-photography-a.html "Upcoming exhibition of James Barnor's Photography at Harvard University's WEB DuBois Institute starting on Thursday, January 28th, 2010"], Modern Ghana, 25 January 2010.</ref> Aha ya sitere na isiokwu nke ihe nghota bekee ọ gụrụ dịka nwata akwụkwọ, nke akpọrọ " Iduna 's Grove", banyere chi nwanyị Norse na-enye apụl anwansi iji nye ntorobịa ebighi ebi; <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160804221010/http://www.autograph-abp-shop.co.uk/prints/jb-eva James Barnor page] at Autograph shop, audio of Barnor speaking.</ref> ọ bụkwa ihe ntụnye aka na omume a na-atụ anya imegharị ihu ndị oche ka ha zuo oke - "Ogologo oge tupu [[Adobe Photoshop|Photoshop]] adị, ị ga-eji pensụl mee ihe. M ga-emegharị foto ndị ahụ iji mee ka ndị mmadụ yie nwata." <ref name="Telegraph"/> N'ịbụ nke dị nso na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Seaview a ma ama, ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ "n'oge na-adịghị anya dọtara ngwakọta nke ndị ahịa sitere na ezinụlọ ruo ndị na-eri oriri abalị na ndị isi". <ref name="LuckyJim"/> N'ime ndị ahụ ọ sere foto bụ onye isi ala Ghana mbụ n'ọdịnihu Kwame Nkrumah (nke e sere na-agba bọọlụ n'otu n'ime ogbunigwe Barnor), onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị pan-African JB Danquah, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/james-barnor-ghanas-first-full-time-newspaper-photographer-and-one-of-the-first-to-introduce-colour-processing-to-ghana/|title=James Barnor, Ghana's first full-time newspaper photographer and one of the first to introduce colour processing to Ghana|date=2019-12-25|work=Ghanaian Museum|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-07|archivedate=2022-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002201459/https://ghanaianmuseum.com/james-barnor-ghanas-first-full-time-newspaper-photographer-and-one-of-the-first-to-introduce-colour-processing-to-ghana/}}</ref> Sir Charles Arden-Clarke (gọvanọ Britain ikpeazụ nke Gold Coast). ), Duchess nke Kent wee bụrụ onye osote onye isi ala [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|America]] Richard Nixon (mgbe ọ gara emume nnwere onwe Ghana na March 1957), yana onye mmeri ịkụ ọkpọ Roy Ankrah . <ref name="EverYoung">[http://autograph-abp.co.uk/exhibitions/james-barnor-ever-young ''James Barnor: Ever Young''], Autograph ABP.</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ foto na ''eserese kwa ụbọchị'' na ''Drum'' == [[Usòrò:JamesBarnor2016Leiden3.jpg|thumb| Barnor na-enyocha akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Drum'']] == Ọrụ ebipụtara == ''James Barnor: Ever Young'', akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke ọrụ ya, bipụtara na 2015 (Clémentine de la Féronnière / Autograph ABP,  ) n'akụkụ ihe ngosi Paris ya, gụnyere nnukwu ajụjụ ọnụ na Barnor na mkparịta ụka ya na Margaret Busby na Francis Hodgson. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rrbphotobooks.com/blogs/rrb-photobooks/83489860-james-barnor-ever-young|title=James Barnor - Ever Young|author=Rudi Thoemmes|work=RRB Photobooks|date=5 October 2015|accessdate=30 March 2021|archivedate=18 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518211246/https://www.rrbphotobooks.com/blogs/rrb-photobooks/83489860-james-barnor-ever-young}}</ref> == Nkwenye na nsọpụrụ == A na-anọchi anya foto Barnor na mkpokọta Victoria na Albert Museum, Tate and Government Art Collection na Britain. E kwuwo banyere ya: "Onye na-ese foto bụ James Barnor bụ ịkwatu Ghana (na mgbe e mesịrị na 1960 Black Britain) ihe Oumar Ly bụ na Senegal ma ọ bụ [[Malick Sidibé|Malick Sidibe]] na [[Seydou Keïta|Seydou Keita]] na Mali." N'afọ 2011, Barnor nwetara onyinye GUBA (Ghana UK-Based Achievement) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gubaawards.co.uk/|title=GUBA Awards - Awarding Excellence|work=www.gubaawards.co.uk|language=en-US|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> pụrụ iche "Nrite Ndụ Ndụ". Mgbe ọ natara ya, o gosiri na ọ bụ onyinye mbụ e nyere ya. N'October 2016, n'ịkwado onyinye ya pụtara ìhè na mmepe Ghana, e nyere Barnor Order nke Volta, nke President John Dramani Mahama nyere ya na National Honors and Awards Ceremony nke e mere na Accra International Conference Center . <ref>Jonas Nyabor, [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007123957/https://citifmonline.com/2016/10/30/mahama-confers-national-honors-on-33-personalities-photos/ "Mahama confers national honors on 33 personalities"], Citifmonline, 30 October 2016.</ref> Enyere Barnor onyinye nkwanye ugwu nke Royal Photographic Society na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/honorary-fellowship/|title=Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Photographic Society|accessdate=23 March 2021}}</ref> Na February 2022, aha Barnor na CasildART's list of the top six Black British photographers, n'akụkụ Charlie Phillips, [[Armet Francis]], Neil Kenlock, Pogus Caesar na Vanley Burke . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://casildart.com/blog/top-six-black-british-photographers-you-should-know|title=Top Six Black British Photographers You Should Know|work=CasildART|date=7 February 2022|accessdate=16 April 2022|archivedate=2 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002201458/https://casildart.com/blog/top-six-black-british-photographers-you-should-know}}</ref> == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Lellé Demertzi, [https://post.moma.org/the-ever-young-photographer-james-barnor/ "Onye na-ese foto mgbe na-eto eto James Barnor"], ''biputere: ndetu na nka na gburugburu ụwa'', Museum of Modern Art, 3 June 2020. == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} * [https://www.jamesbarnor.org/ James Barnor Foundation (JBF)] webụsaịtị gọọmentị. * [http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-and-design/2012/08/ns-photo-essay-another-london Okporo ụzọ eletriki: edemede foto pụrụ iche nke NS chepụtara, "Okwu mmalite: Ụzọ eletrik" nke Sukhdev Sandhu], ''New Statesman'', 1 Ọgọst 2012. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160318185203/http://www.autograph-abp-shop.co.uk/authors/james-barnor James Barnor Pọtụfoliyo] na weebụsaịtị Autograph ABP. * Zaneta Denny, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141129015225/http://www.communitychannel.org/london360/news-details/1109/ "James Barnor: onye na-ese foto onye Ghana ama ama"] Archived </link> , Ọwa Obodo, 27 Mee 2012. * [https://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=10150512927972588 "James Barnor na Galerie Baudoin Lebon (Foto Paris 2011)".] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221513/http://www.impressions-gallery.com/_lib/_user_files/Barnor03.mp3 Okwu Artist James Barnor] Archived </link> , nke edere na Impressions Gallery na Satọde, 10 Ọgọst 2013. * [http://vimeo.com/50701534 "Ever Young: James Barnor"] na Vimeo. * [http://www.voicesofeastanglia.com/2013/03/the-photography-of-james-barnor.html "Foto nke James Barnor"], Voices of East Anglia. * [https://accradotalttours.wordpress.com/2012/06/29/for-ever-young-the-iconic-photography-of-james-barnor/ "Maka ndị na-eto eto: Foto ngosi nke James Barnor"], ACCRA [dot] ALT Radio, 29 June 2012. * Ade Sawyerr, [https://adesawyerr.wordpress.com/2014/08/08/preserving-the-past-to-inspire-the-futureeveryoungjba-org-ade-sawyerr/ "Ichekwa oge gara aga iji kpalie ọdịnihu:everyoungjba.org"] . Blog Ade Sawyerr. * [http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/james-barnor/ "James Barnor"] na Victoria na Albert Museum. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055407/http://www.rtvnh.nl/specials/kunst-zoey/166971/interview-met-ghanese-fotograaf-james-barnor Mkparịta ụka vidiyo na James Barnor] Archived </link> , 3 Julaị 2015 (na njikọ na ihe ngosi "Swinging Sixties London" na Foam, Netherlands). * [http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/10/14/james-barnor-comme-photographe-noir-vous-ne-pouviez-pas-faire-de-la-photo-de-mode_4789064_3212.html "James Barnor: 'Bịa foto noir, vous ne pouviez pas faire de la photo de mode'"] (ajụjụ ọnụ na French), ''Le Monde'', 14 October 2015. * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2016/sep/22/street-style-ghana-fashion-photographer-james-barnor "Ememme James Barnor - onye na-ese foto mbụ gbara Ghana na agba"], ''The Guardian'', 22 Septemba 2016. * Riason Naidoo, [https://mg.co.za/article/2019-06-21-00-photographer-james-barnor-ever-young-at-90 "Onye na-ese foto James Barnor - mgbe ọ na-eto eto na 90"], ''Mail & Guardian'', 21 June 2019. * Riason Naidoo, [https://mg.co.za/article/2019-06-28-00-im-finally-getting-recognition "James Barnor: 'Ana m enweta amara'"], 28 Juun 2019. * Eve Jackson, [https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20191121-meet-90-year-old-photographic-legend-james-barnor "Zute akụkọ akụkọ foto James Barnor dị afọ 90"], ''Encore!'' Nọvemba 21, 2019. * Renée Mussai, [https://autograph.org.uk/blog/forever-young-happy-91st-birthday-james-barnor/ "(MAKWA) NA-eto eto: OBI ỤTỌ 91ST BIRTHDAY JAMES BarnOR!"], Autograph, 5 June 2020. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 09zhr1xti1kyvny50iz5060kfiro5s4 0 46118 655816 177536 2026-06-15T06:28:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655816 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Ilana Harris-Babou.png|thumb|Ilana Harris-Babou]] Ilana Harris-Babou ( 1991) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na ihe nrụnye .  [1] Harris-Babou na Brooklyn, New York.  [2] [3] A tụlere n nkọwa ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Amy Beecher Show na August 2019. [4] Ugbu a ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nka na Luther Gregg Sullivan Fellow na Art na Mahadum Wesleyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wesleyan.edu/academics/faculty/iharrisbabou/profile.html|title=Ilana Yacine Harris-Babou|work=wesleyan.edu|language=en|accessdate=2023-04-10}}</ref> == Omume nka == Harris-Babou na-egwu vidiyo egwu, ihe ngosi nri, na ihe ngosi emeziwanye ụlọ dị ka ihe na omume ya, na-agbasa echiche nke American Dream .  Omume ya na-agụnye mmekpa ahụ chiri anya, ime ihe ike, na oriri.  [1] Harris-Babou na-agwa ndị na-ege ya ntĩ okwu site n'ịchị ọchịchị na omenala ndị ọrụ arụ.  [2] Ọ na-ahụ ọrụ ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na PIN-UP <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pinupmagazine.org/articles/interview-artist-ilana-harris-babou-jeremy-o-harris-pu27|title=INTERVIEW: Artist Ilana Harris-Babou On Power Dynamics Of Domestic Aspirations|author=Entertainment|first=The only biannual Magazine for Architectural|work=pinupmagazine.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-29}}</ref> .Na 2018, o ụlọ ọrụ ngwaike adịgboroja na Larrie Gallery na New York City .  Ihe oru ngo a, nke na-egosi "Hardware Reparation", nwere arịa ụlọ eweghachitere iji jide ihe ọkpụkpụ na-eche echiche nke ime ka ochie ọzọ.  [1] Ụbọchị ya na "Ngwọta Hardware" na-akatọ abụọ na echiche America nke oge a nke ndụ n'ime ụlọ.  Ọ na-Ụkwa ozi ndị eji eji na- ozi ntọhapụ na nha anya nke ndị Africa-America na United States <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Bauer|first=S.|title=Further Thoughts on Earthy Materials 11 September – 25 November 2018|work=Kunsthaus Hamburg|date=2018|url=https://kunsthaushamburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Besucherblatt_Homepage_englisch_reduced.pdf|accessdate=30 May 2024|archivedate=27 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227094822/https://kunsthaushamburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Besucherblatt_Homepage_englisch_reduced.pdf}}</ref> Harris-Babou egosila na US na Europe niile, yana ihe ngosi solo na Museum of Arts & Design na New York na Vox Populi Gallery na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. O gosikwara na de Young ngosi nka na San Francisco, Abrons Art Center na New York, Zuckerman Museum of Art na Kennesaw, Georgia, Le Doc na Paris, France, ndị Juu Museum na New York, & SculptureCenter na Long Island City. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ilana Harris-Babou {{!}} Bennington College|url=https://www.bennington.edu/academics/faculty/ilana-harris-babou|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=www.bennington.edu}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ya kacha nso nso a bụ aha “ike ọgwụgwụ mkpebi” wee gosipụta ya na Hesse Flatow na New York City site na February 20 ruo Machị 21, 2020. Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara vidiyo nke nne Harris-Babou, Sheila Harris na-eduzi nkuzi etemeete. Nne onye na-ese ihe na-atụgharị uche na nhọrọ ya ka ọ dị ka onye ntorobịa na ahụike, na-agbagha eziokwu nke ntorobịa ya. Harris-Babou na-eji vidiyo a nyochaa ka esi ezochi nsogbu nhazi mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka nhọrọ onwe onye. Ihe ngosi a gosikwara ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị yiri ihe ndị a hụrụ na boutique mana agbanwere ka ọ dị njọ. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://hesseflatow.com/exhibitions/12-ilana-harris-babou-decision-fatigue/overview/|title=Ilana Harris-Babou: Decision Fatigue {{!}} February 20 - March 21, 2020|work=Hesse Flatow|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-29}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara === * 2016 – Na nzaghachi: Unorthodox – The Juu Museum, New York City <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thejewishmuseum.org/index.php/press/press-release/march-2016-programs-release|title=March 2016 Programs at the Jewish Museum Feature Albert Einstein, Artists Responding to Unorthodox, Artist Omer Fast, and More|work=The Jewish Museum|accessdate=5 March 2019}}</ref> * 2017 - Otu Ezi ntụziaka ọjọọ - Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke nka na imewe, New York City <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Fellow Focus: Ilana Harris-Babou: One Bad Recipe|url=https://madmuseum.org/exhibition/fellow-focus-ilana-harris-babou|work=madmuseum.org}}</ref> * 2018 – Akụrụngwa Mmezi – Larrie, New York City <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pinupmagazine.org/articles/reparation-hardware-ilana-harris-babou|title=REPARATION HARDWARE: ILANA HARRIS-BABOU'S TAKE ON THE AMERICAN DREAM|author=Entertainment|first=The only biannual Magazine for Architectural|work=pinupmagazine.org|accessdate=5 March 2019}}</ref> * 2018 - Echiche ndị ọzọ gbasara ihe ndị dị n'ụwa - Kunsthaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. <ref name=":3"/> * 2019 – 2019 Whitney Biennial, nke Rujeko Hockley na Jane Panetta chepụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Steinhauer|first=Jillian|title=The Whitney Biennial: 75 Artists Are In, and One Dissenter Steps Out|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/arts/design/2019-whitney-biennial.html|work=The New York Times|date=February 25, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Hockley, Rujeko|title=Whitney Biennial 2019|location=New York|publisher=Whitney Museum of American Art|date=January 2019|isbn=978-0-300-24275-1|oclc=1080896026}}</ref> * 2019 – ''Iche Loops'' – Artspace, New Haven, [[Kónétíkùt|CT]] . Ọ bụ Johannes DeYoung na Federico Solmi kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artspacenewhaven.org/exhibitions/strange-loops/|title=Strange Loops}}</ref> * 2020 – Mkpebi ike ọgwụgwụ – Hesse Flatow, New York City. <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-29|title=Ilana Harris-Babou: Decision Fatigue {{!}} February 20 - May 16, 2020 - Overview|url=https://hesseflatow.com/exhibitions/12-ilana-harris-babou-decision-fatigue/overview/|work=Hesse Flatow}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * Onyinye itinye aka na nka obodo 2017, Rema Hort Mann Foundation, New York City <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ilana Harris-Babou – Rema Hort Mann Foundation|url=http://www.remahortmannfoundation.org/project/ilana-harris-babou-2/|accessdate=2024-05-30|archivedate=2022-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119191528/http://www.remahortmannfoundation.org/project/ilana-harris-babou-2/}}</ref> * 2017 Van Lier Fellow, Museum of Arts and Design, New York City <ref name=":1"/> * Oge 2018, nka ezumike, New York City * 2020 National YoungArts Foundation 's Jorge M. Pérez Award <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/artnews-in-brief-sean-kelly-now-represents-su-xiaobai-and-more-from-january-13-2020-1202675216/|title=Kohn Gallery Now Represents Sophia Narrett—and More from January 14, 2020|date=2020-01-13|work=ARTnews|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-14}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [http://artviewer.org/tag/ilana-harris-babou/ Ilana Harris-Babou – artviewer.org] * [https://bombmagazine.org/articles/the-deferral-of-pleasure-ilana-harris-babou-interviewed/ Aspiration and the Deferral of Pleasure: Ilana Harris-Babou – Interviewed by Rebecca Schultz – BOMB Magazine] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6ud3x226280c8r4t0pesf9q67fj4ky8 0 46897 655754 198528 2026-06-14T16:14:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655754 wikitext text/x-wiki   Gely Abdel Rahman (1931 – 24 Ọgọst 1990) bụ otu n'ime ndị isi uri Sudan nke ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Gely Abdel Rahman na Gez'irat Saay, ma ọ bụ Saï (àgwàetiti) , obere agwaetiti dị n'osimiri Naịl n'ebe ugwu Sudan. Site na Mahas Skoot, nna ya kwagara [[Egypt|Ijipt]] n'afọ 1920, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Royal Palaces dị ka onye nche ma ọ bụ (Boaab) na Ansh'as Elramel (Elsharqeia Province). Gely na nne ya bịara Ijipt mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ. O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị anọ na ụmụnne nwoke atọ. Ọ malitere ide uri mgbe ọ dị afọ 7. Mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, ọ mụtara akwụkwọ kor'an dum n'isi, nke e nyere ya ihe nrite eze. Gely sonyeere Ụlọ akwụkwọ Al-Azhar na Cairo, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị. Ndụ ya na Al-Azahar mejupụtara echiche Gely banyere mmegbu na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ọha na eze, mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ Al-Azehar n'oge ahụ (1940s) si mba dị iche iche nke Afrịka bịa ma biri n'ọnọdụ ebe obibi na-adịghị mma nke mere ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-arịa ụkwara nta ma nwụọ n'ihi nke ahụ. E jidere Gely mgbe o nyere aka na ngagharị iwe ụmụ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Al-Azhar. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Gely mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Dar El Uloum rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ n'otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Egypt. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ kwekọrọ na Gamal Abdel Nasser weghaara ọchịchị n'Ijipt na 23 Julaị 1952. E bipụtara uri mbụ Gely na 1953 na akwụkwọ akụkọ El-massry. Gely na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na El-Gamhoria Newspaper ma ọ bụ The Republic, nakwa dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na El-massa, akwụkwọ akụkọ nka na 1955. Gely sonyeere The Democracy Movement For National Liberation in Egypt na 1951 wee gaa n'ihu na ọrụ ya na ndị Kọmunist Sudan. Party site n'oge ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1990. Gely kwagara n'ebe bụbu Soviet Union iji gụchaa akwụkwọ mahadum na Moscow na 1964. O nwetara ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ n'aka Union na-ede akwụkwọ n'Africa na Eshia, n'ihi ya, ọ banyere Gorky Institute for Arts na Moscow. Gely nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na nka na 1969. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Gely rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na akwụkwọ Akụkọ Moscow News ma mesịa bụrụ onye nkuzi na Oriental Institute na Moscow. Ụlọ akwụkwọ a bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Soviet Academic Science. Ọ natara Ph.D. na Comparative Art Theory site na Oriental Institute. O bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime uri ya mgbe ọ nọ na Moscow nakwa mgbe ọ bi na Russia o bipụtara uri n'asụsụ dị iche iche dị ka [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], Russian, na [[Asụsụ French|French]]. N'afọ 1977, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa Mahadum Aden, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na nka na [[Aesthetics|ịma mma]], e nyere ya prọfesọ ma nọrọ afọ asaa. N'afọ 1983, Gely kwagara [[Algeria]] iji kụzie na Language and Art Institute na Mahadum Algeria, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ dara Ọrịa akụrụ na Febụwarị 1989. Mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara Ijipt na-achọ ọgwụgwọ. Gely Abdel Rahman nwụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1990 na Cairo mgbe a wasịrị ya maka dialysis. Ọ lụrụ nwanyị Soviet aha ya bụ Malakhat Salmanova (Milla) onye nwụrụ na Switzerland n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ma nwee ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Rena na Reem. == Ọrụ == * Gsa'aid na-ekwu na El-sudan, Arabic قصرد m السودان ma ọ bụ Poems from Sudan Cairo, Egypt 1956. (akwụkwọ uri) * Al-jaoo'ad we'l-s'ef el-maksoor,Arabic الجواد والسيف المكسور ma ọ bụ "Cavalery and Broken Sword", (akwụkwọ uri),1968 ma bipụtaghachi ya na 1985. * Gely ebipụtala akwụkwọ na ọmụmụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke aha ya bụ [[Arabic]] المعونات الاجنبية و surf__ssw____ssw____sw____sswa____ssw__ على Hollys السودان ma ọ bụ "The foreign Aid and its Influence On Sudan Independence", Gely dere akwụkwọ a na mmekorita ya na enyi ya, onye na-ede uri Taj elsir el-Hussan na 1958; onye ndú ndị Kọmunist nke Sudan bụ Abedhaliq Mahjoub webatara akwụkwọ a. * Aganai El-zahefeen nke Arabic اغاني الزاحفين ma ọ bụ "Abụ nke ndị na-agagharị", akwụkwọ uri na njikọ aka na Najeeb Saroor, Mojahid Abdelmon'em na Kam'al Am'ar. * Gely sụgharịrị site na Russian gaa na Arabic ndị na[[Arabic]] Russian dị iche iche dị ka Rasoul Gazamotov, Gankez Atanmov, Ayann Kanybaq na ndị ọzọ. * Boab'at El-modan El-Safr'a, Arabic بوابات المدن الصفراء ma ọ bụ "Gates of Yellow Cities", (akwụkwọ uri nke The Egyptian General Corporation bipụtara mgbe Gely nwụsịrị na Egypt maka Book . * Altayer El-magboon, Arabic الطير ناوبون, ebipụtabeghị. * Al-hariq w'a Ahl'am Al-balabal,Arabic الحريق واحلام پەر پەرابل ma ọ bụ "Ọkụ na Nrọ nke Nightingales", nke a na-ebipụtabeghị. == Edensibia == * https://web.archive.org/web/20240605172806/http://www.alsudani.info/index.php?type=3&id=2147509106" * https://web.archive.org/web/20070116182422/http://www.napata.org/newsletter3.html * https://archive.today/20071012233859/http://www.alsahafa.info/index.php?type=3&id=2147495479 bdlm291z01md9clrjblr6uksdfq0wf7 0 49516 655809 638096 2026-06-15T03:05:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655809 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Achịcha achịcha nke obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara bụ mpaghara, n'ihi ụbara ala na/ma ọ bụ ihu igwe dị mma, na-amịpụta ọka wit buru ibu ma ọ bụ ọka ndị ọzọ. Osikapa Osikapa bụ okwu yiri nke a na-ezo aka na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia; A na-akpọ ndagwurugwu Salinas California mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka efere salad America. Mpaghara ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ isiokwu nke esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, nke nwere ike ịmalite n'ọgba aghara agha zuru oke.<ref> For example: [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] in 1941–1944 during [[World War II]]: {{Cite book|author=Snyder|first=Timothy|chapter=The Economics of Apocalypse|title=Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin|date=12 October 2010|location=New York|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=9780465002399|quote=Food from Ukraine was as important to the Nazi vision of an eastern empire as it was to Stalin's defense of the integrity of the Soviet Union. Stalin's Ukrainian 'fortress' was Hitler's Ukrainian 'breadbasket.' [...] Hitler wanted Ukraine 'so that no one is able to starve us again, like in the last war.'}} </ref> Achịcha achịcha aghọwo ihe dị mkpa n'ime usoro nri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na itinye uche na mmepụta nri zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mba na, na mba ndị dị ka India, na obere mpaghara mpaghara. Ka mgbanwe ihu igwe na-abawanye mgbanwe ihu igwe gburugburu ụwa, ohere nke ọtụtụ bredskits na-ada n'otu oge na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ọgba aghara nri nke 2022 bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọdịda na mpaghara bred isi, na mbuso agha Russia nke 2022 butere nnukwu mmebi nke mpaghara bred achịcha dị iche iche dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọka wit na mmanụ mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Julia Horowitz|title=War has brought the world to the brink of a food crisis|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/12/business/food-crisis-ukraine-russia/index.html|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=CNN|date=12 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Lynch|first=Colum|title=U.N. to Keep Beasley at WFP as Food Crises Roil the World|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/17/un-wfp-david-beasley-food-crisis/|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McDonough|first=Siobhan|date=2022-02-27|title=What the Russian invasion of Ukraine could mean for global hunger|url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/2/27/22950805/russia-ukraine-food-prices-hunger-invasion-war|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=Vox|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nicas|first=Jack|date=2022-03-20|title=Ukraine War Threatens to Cause a Global Food Crisis|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/20/world/americas/ukraine-war-global-food-crisis.html|accessdate=2022-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Good|first=Keith|date=2022-03-21|title="Global Food Crisis" Possible- – "No Precedent Even Close to This Since World War II" • Farm Policy News|url=https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2022/03/global-food-crisis-possible-no-precedent-even-close-to-this-since-world-war-ii/|accessdate=2022-04-05|work=Farm Policy News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==   === Oge Ochie === A na-ewere Sicily na ógbè Africa dị ka nkata achịcha nke Roman Republic. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge ndị eze ukwu, a na-ewere Hispania (na kpọmkwem, Baetica) dị ka "nkịta achịcha Rome." Strabo kwuru na "Turdetania bụ ihe magburu onwe ya na-eme nri, ọ nwere ụdị mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche ma dị ukwuu", yana na ya na ógbè Egypt, ha bụ ókèala ndị kasị arụpụta ihe na ụwa a ma ama. Crimea bụ isi iyi nke oke ọka a na-enweta na obodo-obodo Gris, ọkachasị Atens. == Afrịka == [[Usòrò:Miliana_situation.JPG|thumb|Ubi ọka wit na Miliana, Algeria]] Na South Africa, a na-elekarị mpaghara Free State anya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi ọka wit, sunflower, na ubi ọka ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 March 2006|title=South Africa : Accommodation : Free State|url=http://www.doorway.co.za/accommodation--freestate--south_africa.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060328074350/http://www.doorway.co.za/accommodation--freestate--south_africa.asp|archivedate=2006-03-28}}</ref> A makwaara mpaghara Overberg dị na Western Cape dị ka oghere achịcha nke South Africa n'ihi nnukwu ubi ọka wit ya, yana uto mkpụrụ osisi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thegeoshop.co.za/mapsslingsby/overberg.htm|title=Overberg & Whale Coast Touring Map: Overberg... The Breadbasket of South Africa|work=www.thegeoshop.co.za|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929161708/http://www.thegeoshop.co.za/mapsslingsby/overberg.htm|archivedate=September 29, 2010}}</ref> [[Zimbabwe]], nke a maara dị ka Rhodesia, bụ nke a maara dịka achịcha nke Africa ruo n'afọ 2000, na-ebupụ ọka wit, ụtaba, na ọka n'ụwa niile, ọkachasị mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka. Otú ọ dị taa, [[Zimbabwe]], bụ onye na-ebubata ihe oriri site na Western World.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 April 2005|title=From Breadbasket to Dustbowl|url=http://spectator.org/48721_breadbasket-dustbowl/|accessdate=2018-01-01}}</ref>O yiri ka enwere arụmụka ma ọ bụrụ na Zimbabwe bụ nkata achịcha nke Africa, ebe ọ bụ na n'ime afọ 55 Zimbabwe enwetụbeghị 10% nke ọka na kọntinent ahụ. Site na 1960 ruo 1980 ọ kụrụ naanị 6% dị ala karịa onyinye Kenya ma na-adaba na Naịjirịa. === Morocco === Ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ ugbo bụ usoro akụ na ụba kachasị n'ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Morocco, ọ na-esiri ike ikwu maka mpaghara achịcha. Mpaghara niile na-emepụta ọka wit na ọka bali nke ha iji nye onwe ha na anụ ụlọ ha nri. Site na mmụba azụmahịa Europe na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19, Morocco malitere mbupụ ọka wit na Europe n'agbanyeghị mmegide nke Ulama (ndị okpukpe). Ala dị larịị Chaouia na Doukkala ghọrọ ndị na-eweta ọka wit kachasị mkpa maka mbupụ. Nke a bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya n'ihi ịdị nso ha n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Casablanca na Feddala, Mohammedia nke taa, na-arụ ọrụ na Chaouia Plain ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Mazagan na-arụ Doukkala. Mgbe nnwere onwe Morocco gasịrị, ọrụ ugbo na Doukkala ghọrọ nke a kwadebere maka ịgba mmiri n'ihi ya, e wepụtara obere ebe maka ọka wit, ebe Chaouia nọgidere na-enwe ọnọdụ ya dị ka nnukwu mpaghara na-emepụta ọka wit n'ihi ala ya gbara ọchịchịrị a na-akpọ tirs na mmiri ozuzo buru ibu (ihe dị ka 400 mm / afọ).&nbsp; == Eshia == [[Usòrò:Agriculture_in_India_tractor_farming_Punjab_preparing_field_for_a_wheat_crop_without_burning_previous_crop_stalk.jpg|thumb|Ubi ọka na Punjab, India]] [[Usòrò:1213Canantong,_Laur,_Nueva_Ecija_47.jpg|thumb|Ricefield na Nueva Ecija, Philippines]] {| class="wikitable" !Ọnọdụ !Igbe achịcha / Ricebowl |- |Cambodia |E mepụtara mpaghara Battambang dị ka efere osikapa nke Cambodia n'ihi ubi ndị na-eme nri na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ricetoday.irri.org/farmer-focused-partnership-leads-to-improvement-innovation-of-cambodias-rice-sector/|title=Farmer-focused partnership leads to improvement, innovation of Cambodia's rice sector|accessdate=2024-07-11|archivedate=2024-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220233156/https://ricetoday.irri.org/farmer-focused-partnership-leads-to-improvement-innovation-of-cambodias-rice-sector/}}</ref> |- |China |A maara Sichuan n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka "ógbè nke ụbara" (魚米) n'ihi ike ọrụ ugbo ya n'akụnụ ihe mere eme. A makwaara mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Yellow na Osimiri Yangtze dị ka Henan, ndịda Jiangsu na Zhejiang maka ọmụmụ ha bara ụba. Ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China (nke iwu kwadoro mpaghara atọ nke Heilongjiang, Jilin na Liaoning), ọkachasị mpaghara ugwu oyi, a maara dị ka "Great Northern Wilderness" (北大荒) n'ihi ụkọ ndị bi na ya tupu nnukwu mbata nke Ndị China Han banye n'ógbè ahụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ndị Japan na-achị na Manchukuo, ọrụ ugbo mụbara iji nye ndị agha Japan nri. Mgbe e guzobere People's Republic of China, ọpụpụ na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ sochiri n'oge ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, a na-arụkwa ọrụ ugbo n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ala ojii na-eme nri nke mpaghara ahụ, na-agbanwe North East ka ọ bụrụ "Great Northern Granary" (北大仓) nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ ugboro ihe ọkụkụ achọrọ maka oriri mpaghara. |- |India |A na-ewere Uttar Pradesh na Punjab tinyere Haryana dị ka efere achịcha nke India.<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 June 2010|title=India takes blow to the breadbasket|language=en|work=The National|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/india-takes-blow-to-the-breadbasket-1.511790|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> A na-ekwu na West Bengal na Uttar Pradesh na Andhra Pradesh tinyere Telangana bụ "efere osikapa" nke India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-06|title=Most Crucial facts about Andhra Pradesh (The Rice Bowl of India)|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/most-crucial-facts-about-andhra-pradesh-the-rice-bowl-of-india-1452076579-1|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2020|title=Reviving Our Rice Bowl: Bengal Farmers Preserve 200+ Traditional Rice Varieties|work=The Better India|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/208183/bengal-traditional-rice-seeds-growing-yield-organic-farmers-lakhs-india/|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> |- |Indonesia |A na-ewere ala dị larịị nke Java dị ka efere osikapa nke Indonesia. |- |Korea, South |A na-ewere mpaghara Honam, nke Jeolla Province na-akọwapụtakarị, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala ahụ, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo ya na uto ala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Seoul Times|url=https://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=13473|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=theseoultimes.com}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, mpaghara ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke Jeonju Bibimbap a ma ama. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-14|title=JEONJUCITY BLOG|url=https://jeonjucity.kr/jeonju-bibimbap-popular-traditional-korean-dish-among-foreigners/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=JEONJUCITY BLOG|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128083225/https://jeonjucity.kr/jeonju-bibimbap-popular-traditional-korean-dish-among-foreigners/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-01|title=Historical and biological aspects of bibimbap, a Korean ethnic food|journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=74–83|doi=10.1016/j.jef.2015.05.002|issn=2352-6181|author=Chung|first=Kyung Rhan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-20|title=The Story of Jeonju Bibimbap|url=https://koreatourinformation.com/blog/2014/03/20/the-story-of-jeonju-bibimbap-2/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=koreatourinformation.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Korea, North |A na-ewere ala dị larịị nke Hwanghae Province kọwara dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi mkpa ala ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gi|first=Jang Seul|date=2019-09-10|title=Typhoon Lingling ravages North Korea's breadbasket|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/typhoon-lingling-devastates-beadbasket/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=Daily NK|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Malaysia |A na-ewere Kedah dị ka efere osikapa nke Malaysia, na-eme ihe dịka ọkara nke mmepụta osikapa niile nke Malaysia. N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị Kedah machibidoro ntụgharị nke Ubi paddy ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iji chebe ụlọ ọrụ osikapa. |- |Myanmar |Irrawaddy Delta dị na Myanmar bụbu otu n'ime isi iyi osikapa kachasị mkpa na mpaghara ahụ ruo mgbe mmepụta ya belatara n'ihi ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adịghị mma nke mba ahụ. |- |Pakistan |A na-ewere mpaghara Punjab dị ka oghere achịcha nke Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 August 2010|title=Pakistan flood: Sindh braces as water envelops southern Punjab|work=Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/05/pakistan-flood-spreads-punjab-sindh|accessdate=2013-07-20}}</ref> |- |Philippines |A na-ewere ógbè Nueva Ecija, nke dị n'àgwàetiti Luzon, dị ka ebe a na-edebe osikapa na Philippines n'ihi nnukwu ala a na-eji emepụta osikapa. A maara agwaetiti Mindanao dị ka nkata nri nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|date=15 October 2015|title=Fruits of peace|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/10/15/fruits-of-peace|accessdate=2019-10-30|quote=The Philippines is the world’s third-leading exporter of bananas. Three-quarters of the country’s production of the fruit comes from Mindanao, long known as the Philippines’ food basket.}}</ref> |- |Siria |A na-ewere mpaghara Al-Jazira dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Siria, na ọdọ mmiri Yufretis ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi ụbara ọka wit ya. |- |Thailand |A na-ewere Chao Phraya delta dị ka efere osikapa nke Thailand. |- |Vietnam |A na-ewere Delta Mekong dị na Vietnam dị ka efere osikapa nke mba ahụ. |} == Europe == [[Usòrò:Field_in_County_Kildare.jpg|thumb|Ubi ọka na County Kildare, Ireland]] [[Usòrò:Wheat_fields_at_Nöbbelöv,_Lund_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ubi ọka wit dị nso na Lund na Scania, Sweden.]] {| class="wikitable" !Ọnọdụ !Igbe achịcha / Ricebowl |- |Bulgaria |Southern Dobruja, mpaghara dị larịị na-eme nri n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Bulgaria n'etiti Danube na Oké Osimiri Ojii, a na-ewere ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ.<ref name="vatahov">{{Cite news|author=Vatahov|first=Ivan|date=2001-08-23|title=Drought leads to low yields in Dobrudja|work=The Sofia Echo|publisher=Sofia Echo Media Ltd.|url=http://sofiaecho.com/2001/08/23/625626_drought-leads-to-low-yields-in-dobrudja|accessdate=2015-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Duijzings|first=Ger|title=Global Villages: Rural and Urban Transformations in Contemporary Bulgaria|date=2014|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781783083510|pages=110}}</ref> |- |Saịprọs |Ala dị larịị nke etiti a na-akpọ Mesaoria nke gbara isi obodo Nicosia gburugburu abụwo ebe a na-edebe nri n'àgwàetiti ahụ. |- |Finland |Mpaghara Ndịda Ọdịda Anyanwụ Finland na Uusimaa, nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe kachasị ọkụ na kọntinent Finland na ala na-eme nri n'ihi ọnọdụ ha dị n'ebe ndịda, na-eme ka ha bụrụ efere achịcha nke Finland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elinkeinoelämä|url=http://www.varsinais-suomi.fi/fi/maakunta/elinkeino|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602133538/http://www.varsinais-suomi.fi/fi/maakunta/elinkeino|archivedate=2016-06-02|accessdate=2016-08-07|publisher=Regional Council of Southwest Finland}}</ref> |- |France |A na-ewere ala dị larịị Beauce dị ka oghere achịcha nke France. |- |Germany |A na-ewere East Prussia dị ka nkata achịcha nke German Reich.<ref>[http://archiv.preussische-allgemeine.de/ow1960/1960_08_01_08.pdf Einst Deutschlands Kornkammer: Neusiedler haben keine Beziehung zum Land], Ostpreussen-Warte, 1960</ref> |- |Hungary |Ala Dị Larịị nke Hungary emepụtala ọka na ọka dị ukwuu. Na mbido narị afọ nke 20, 34% nke mmepụta ọka zuru oke na Europe na 11% nke mmepụta ntụ ọka na Europe bụ na Hungary. |- |Ireland |Ọkara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ireland bụ nkata achịcha ọdịnala nke mba ahụ, ebe a na-eji akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ eme ihe maka ịta ahịhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Food, feasting and folklore|url=http://www.independent.ie/editorial/StoryPlus/food-feasting-and-folklore/|work=www.independent.ie}}</ref> Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na mmalite nke iri na itoolu, Ireland n'onwe ya bụ oghere nri nke United Kingdom nke Great Britain na Ireland, na ọka Irish na-enye obodo mmepụta ihe nke Britain ebe ndị ọrụ ugbo Irish na-eri poteto.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Halloran|first=Amy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct4BCgAAQBAJ&q=ireland+%22bread+basket%22&pg=PA6|title=The New Bread Basket: How the New Crop of Grain Growers, Plant Breeders, Millers, Maltsters, Bakers, Brewers, and Local Food Activists Are Redefining Our Daily Loaf|date=26 June 2015|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|isbn=9781603585682}}</ref> Nke a ga-eduga na Nnukwu Ụnwụ nke afọ 1840. <ref>{{Cite web|author=bairishstudies|date=12 January 2016|title=The Eighteenth-century Celtic Tiger|url=https://bairishstudies.wordpress.com/2016/01/12/175/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Bourke|first=Angela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ6W1LiIyYYC&q=%22bread+basket%22&pg=PA1661|title=The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing|date=10 April 1991|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814799079}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Pickering|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnmxAwAAQBAJ&q=+%22bread+basket%22&pg=PA75|title=The People's Bread: A History of the Anti-Corn Law League|date=1 August 2000|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9780567204974}}</ref> |- |Latvia |A na-ewere Semigallia dị ka nkata achịcha nke Latvia. |- |- |Portugal |Alentejo bụ mpaghara dị larịị ma na-eme nri n'ihi na ọ dị n'etiti osimiri Tagus na Guadiana. N'ihi nke a na ịdị nso ya na Lisbon, a na-ewere ya dị ka "ekpo achịcha nke Portugal" ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Guía de Portugal: Região do Alentejo|url=https://www.guiadacidade.pt/es/regioes-regiao-do-alentejo|accessdate=2024-04-05|work=Guia da Cidade|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alentejo|url=https://www.euroaaa.eu/site/es/alentejo|accessdate=2024-04-05|work=Interreg España-Portugal: Eurorregión AAA (Alentejo-Algarve-Andalucía).}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ sitere na 1639, nke Don [[:pt:Agostinho_Manuel_de_Vasconcelos|Agostinho Manuel de Vasconcelos]] dere, a kọwara "Ógbè Alentejo" dị ka "ụlọ nkwakọba ihe kachasị eme nri nke Alaeze ahụ". N'afọ 1833, onye edemede Don [[:es:José_Muñoz_Maldonado|José Muñoz Maldonado]] bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere Agha Peninsular nke ọ kọwakwara "ógbè Alenteja, nke a na-akpọ achịcha nke Portugal maka ụbara ya. <ref>{{Cite book|author=De Vasconcellos|first=Agostinho Manuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDJMAAAAcAAJ&q=alentejo+granero+portugal|title=Vida y acciones del Real Don Iuan el Segundo, Decimotercio de Portugal|date=1639|publisher=Imprenta de Maria de Quiñones|location=[[Madrid]]|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Maldonado|first=José Muñoz|authorlink=:es:José Muñoz Maldonado|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Db1dAAAAcAAJ&dq=alentejo+granero+portugal&pg=PA397|title=Historia Politica y Militar de la Guerra de la Independencia de Espana contra Napoleon Bonaparte desde 1808 a 1814, escrita sobre los documentos autenticos del gobierno|date=1833|publisher=Imprenta de D. José Palacios|location=[[Madrid]]|language=es}}</ref> |- |Romania |Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, a na-ewere Romania dị ka akụkụ nke nkata achịcha nke Europe.<ref>Sheilah Kast and Jim Rosapepe, ''Dracula Is Dead'' (2009) p 104</ref> |- |Rọshịa |E nwere Central Black Earth Region na Russia n'onwe ya. |- |Serbia |A na-ewere Vojvodina dị ka oghere achịcha nke Serbia. Ihe dị ka 70% nke ngwaahịa ugbo ya bụ ọka, 20% nke ahịhịa ụlọ ọrụ, na 10% nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ. |- |Spain |N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ewere mpaghara ndịda Andalusia dị ka "nnukwu achịcha nke Spain". Mmeri nke Andalusia abụghị naanị ihe ịga nke ọma nke Reconquista, kamakwa nyere Ndị Eze Hispanic mpaghara ọrụ ugbo kachasị emepụta ihe na Iberia: Ndagwurugwu Guadalquivir.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Walsh|first=William Th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFtTWfsxHKgC|title=Isabel de España|date=1993-11-01|publisher=Palabra|isbn=978-84-8239-837-2|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Cabañas Agrela|first=José Miguel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B_dCwAAQBAJ|title=Breve historia de Cervantes|publisher=Ediciones Nowtilus|year=2016|isbn=978-84-9967-789-7|pages=[https://books.google.es/books?id=_B_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT148 148]|language=es}}</ref> Site na aha njirimara kwesịrị ekwesị nke granero de España, ịbanye na nnukwu ndagwurugwu Andalusian pụtara mmesi obi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọkachasị ọka wit, kamakwa osisi oliv, ubi vaịn, osisi oroma, okpete, wdg.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Lara Sánchez|first=Francisco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVFMAAAAMAAJ|title=Población y sector primario en la Andalucía franquista|date=1984|publisher=Servicio de Publicaciones, Diputación Provincial de Málaga|isbn=978-84-505-0251-0|pages=[https://books.google.es/books?id=HVFMAAAAMAAJ&dq=andaluc%C3%ADa+granero+de+espa%C3%B1a&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=granero 99]|language=es|quote=Andalusia has sometimes been defined "as the orchard and granary of Spain", due to its rich crops of cereals and olive trees, vineyards and orange trees, sugar canes, etc. In the early fifties, the weight of Andalusian agricultural production was extremely important for the Spanish economy.}}</ref> nke a ga-agbakwunye ọka, strawberry, lemon, osikapa, wdg. N'afọ 1826, Alexander de Laborde kwuru, sị: Ánọmba Andalusia jupụtara n'ọka nke na a na-akpọ ya "ekpo achịcha nke Spain," n'ihe gbasara owuwe ihe ubi okpukpu abụọ karịa oriri ya. Andalusia na-emepụta ọtụtụ mmanya mara mma, nke mere na a na'ihi ya ka a na-ewere ha dị ka mmanya kachasị ọnụ ahịa na Spain (...) N'alaeze Granada na Seville, osisi vaịn dị nnọọ ukwuu (...) Olivishọn ahụ bara ọgaranya ma dị egwu na alaeze anọ nke Andalusia.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Laborde|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España: su situación geográfica, poblacion, historia civil y natural, agricultura, comercio, industria, hombres célebres y carácter y costumbres de sus habitantes|date=1826|publisher=Libr. de Cabrerizo|pages=[https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=RA2-PA493&dq=andaluc%C3%ADa+granero+de+espa%C3%B1a&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtqJjUmIn1AhV5BmMBHUhbD_UQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=andaluc%C3%ADa%20granero%20de%20espa%C3%B1a&f=false 493]|language=es}}</ref> N'ala ndị a na-agba mmiri, ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke [[Horta nke Valencia|Valencia]] na Murcia pụtakwara, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ekwu mgbe niile na Spain enwere naanị ubi mkpụrụ osisi abụọ, nke Valencia na nke Murcia. A na-ewerekwa obodo Castile na León dị ka oghere achịcha nke Spain, ebe ọ bụ na a na-akụ mkpụrụ ọka buru ibu n'ala ya, ọkachasị na mgbakwunye na ubi vaịn na akwụkwọ nri. A na-ewere Almería, ya na oké osimiri plastik ya, dị ka "ogige nke Europe". |- |[[Slovenia]] |Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, e nwere atụmatụ ịdọrọ mmiri na Ljubljana Marsh ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ oghere achịcha nke Carniola.<ref>Melik, Anton. 1959. ''Slovenija: Geografski Opis,'' vol. 2, part 3. Ljubljana: Slovenska Matica, p. 187.</ref><ref>Vidic, Marko. 1987. "Agrarna revolucija." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 1, pp. 20–21. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga.</ref> |- |Sweden |A na-ewere Scania dị ka oghere achịcha nke Sweden. Mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara ọ bụla dị elu karịa mpaghara ọ bụla ọzọ na Sweden na ala ahụ so na ndị na-eme nri n'ụwa. Ala dị larịị nke Scanian bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ndị ọzọ nọ na Sweden ebe ọ bụ na 25-95% nke ngụkọta mmepụta nke ụdị ọka dị iche iche sitere na mpaghara ahụ. |- |Turkey |A na-ewere mpaghara Aegean, mpaghara Marmara na Central Anatolia dị ka oghere achịcha nke Turkey. Mpaghara Aegean na Mpaghara Marmara bụ ndị a ma ama maka ịkọ osisi oliv, ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi na ịkọ akwụkwọ nri. Central Anatolia bụ ebe a ma ama maka ịkọ ọka dị ka ọka wit, ọka, sunflowers na ọka bali. |- |Ukraine |Ọ dịla anya a maara Ukraine dị ka oghere achịcha nke Europe.<ref>[https://theweek.com/article/index/257616/ukraines-fraught-relationship-with-russia-a-brief-history Ukraine's fraught relationship with Russia: A brief history]. The Week. March 8, 2014</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ akụkụ nke Soviet Union, a maara ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verbyany|first=Volodymyr|title=One of the Most Fertile Nations Wants to Feed the World|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-20/global-food-supply-ukraine-soviet-union-s-breadbasket-plan-to-feed-the-world|accessdate=15 August 2022|publisher=Bloomberg|date=20 June 2021}}</ref> |- |United Kingdom |A na-akpọ mpaghara East Anglia nke East of England, Southeast England, East Midlands, West Midlands, Yorkshire na Humber na England na Scottish Lowlands mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "Britain's breadbasket" ebe ngwakọta nke ihu igwe, ala na ala dị mma maka ịzụlite ọka wit. Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Anglia Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ England na 2010 zuru ezu iji mepụta achịcha nde 5,774.<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=16 May 2016|title=Farming in East Anglia|url=https://www.nfuonline.com/about-us/our-offices/east-anglia/east-anglia-key-content/farming-in-east-anglia/|accessdate=2020-08-30|work=www.nfuonline.com|publisher=National Farmers' Union|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808201459/https://www.nfuonline.com/about-us/our-offices/east-anglia/east-anglia-key-content/farming-in-east-anglia/}}</ref> &nbsp;Na Wales nke oge ochie, a na-ewere Isle of Anglesey dị ka nke na naanị ya nwere ike "inye ndị niile bi na ya oke [[Mkpụrụ ọka mà obu ọkà ọkà|ọka]]".<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Description of Wales|authorlink=Gerald of Wales|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1092/1092-h/1092-h.htm|quote=so could the Isle of Mona (Anglesey) provide a requisite quantity of corn for all the inhabitants: on which account there is an old British proverb, “Mon mam Cymbry,” that is, “Mona is the mother of Wales.”}}</ref> |} == Amerịka == === Ebe Ugwu America === [[Usòrò:Corn_belt.svg|thumb|400x400px|Ubi ọka nke United StatesAkara ọka]] Na Canada, a na-akpọ nnukwu ebe a na-akụ ọka ala Canada. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mpaghara Saskatchewan, nke a makwaara maka imepụta nnukwu ihe mgbakwunye potash, na-apụtakwa n'ime mpaghara a dị ka isi achịcha nke Canada. Na United States, mpaghara dị mkpa bụ Corn Belt, ebe ọka na soybeans bụ ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa, nke na-agbasa site na Great Lakes n'ebe ndịda site na [[Mizurị|Missouri]]. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na United States na Canada, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Rocky, bụ Wheat Belt, ebe ihu igwe siri ike maka ọka ma ọ bụ soybeans. A na-akpọkarị mpaghara Palouse nke steeti Eastern Washington dị ka Breadbasket nke Pacific Northwest, n'ihi nnukwu mmepụta ọka wit na lentils.[https://www.historylink.org/File/21303] N'oge [[Agha Obodo America|Agha Obodo]], a maara Ndagwurugwu Shenandoah dị ka Breadbasket nke Confederacy. <ref name="shenandoahatwar">{{Cite web|url=https://www.shenandoahatwar.org/our-once-beautiful-but-now-desolated-valley/#:~:text=During%20the%20Civil%20War%20the,importance%20to%20the%20Southern%20cause.&text=Thus%2C%20in%20the%20context%20of,the%20Breadbasket%20of%20the%20Confederacy.%E2%80%9D|title="Our once beautiful but now desolated Valley"|work=Shenandoah at War|accessdate=2021-03-17|archivedate=8 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134803/https://www.shenandoahatwar.org/our-once-beautiful-but-now-desolated-valley/#:~:text=During%20the%20Civil%20War%20the,importance%20to%20the%20Southern%20cause.&text=Thus%2C%20in%20the%20context%20of,the%20Breadbasket%20of%20the%20Confederacy.%E2%80%9D}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-akpọkwa Ndagwurugwu San Joaquin dị na California achịcha nke ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eb5northerncalifornia.com/index.php?page=breadbasket-of-the-world|title=EB5 Northern California – Breadbasket Of The World|work=eb5northerncalifornia.com|accessdate=2018-01-01|archivedate=2017-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026105139/http://eb5northerncalifornia.com/index.php?page=breadbasket-of-the-world}}</ref> Ndagwurugwu San Joaquin na-emepụta ihe ka ukwuu n'ime 12.8% nke mmepụta ugbo nke United States (dị ka a tụrụ ya na uru dollar) nke sitere na California.<ref name="ca.gov">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/files/CDFA_Sec2.pdf|date=2009-04-06|title=Agricultural Statistical Review|work=California Agricultural Resource Directory 2008–2009|accessdate=2021-03-17}}</ref> Mkpụrụ vaịn - tebụl, mkpụrụ vaịn, na, ruo n'ókè dị ala, mmanya - bụ ma eleghị anya ngwaahịa kachasị elu na ndagwurugwu ahụ, mana n'otu aka ahụ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị karịa) dị mkpa bụ ogho, mkpụrụ osisi (karịsịa almond na pistachios), citrus, na akwụkwọ nri. 70% nke ụwa na 100% nke US na-enye almond sitere na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Oranges, peaches, garlic, tangerines, tomato, kiwis, hay, alfalfa na ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ ejirila nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Dabere na ọnụọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo nke afọ 2002 nke uru ahịa nke ngwaahịa ugbo rere, itoolu n'ime mba 10 kachasị elu, na 12 n'ime obodo 20 kachasị elu dị na California.<ref name="ca.gov" /> Brazil bụ mba nke abụọ kachasị ebubata ọka n'ụwa, nwere pasent 19 nke òkè ahịa mba ụwa, na mba nke anọ na-emepụta ọka (osikapa, ọka bali, soybeans, ọka na ọka wit) n'azụ United States, China na India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brazil is the world's fourth largest grain producer and top beef exporter, study shows|url=https://www.embrapa.br/en/busca-de-noticias/-/noticia/62619259/brazil-is-the-worlds-fourth-largest-grain-producer-and-top-beef-exporter-study-shows|accessdate=2024-02-06|work=[[Embrapa]]}}</ref> Brazil bụkwa mba kachasị ebubata okpete, mmiri oroma, [[kọfị]], ọkụkọ, anụ ehi, ọka, na mba nke abụọ kachasị ebubata anụ ezì na ogho. Mba ahụ nwekwara ọnụnọ dị ịrịba ama dị ka onye na-emepụta ma na-ebupụ [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], ọka wit, àkwá, koko, [[Mkpụrụ|agwa]], mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche. N'ime narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20, a maara [[Argentina]] dị ka oghere achịcha nke ụwa, n'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo nwere, ma ka nwere, na mba ahụ. A na-ahụ ubi ọka nke Argentina na mpaghara Pampas, nke gụnyere mpaghara Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba na La Pampa. N'ime mpaghara a, ọtụtụ obodo, dị ka Pergamino, Venado Tuerto na Rosario, bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị na-eme nri na kọntinent ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ubi ndị ahụ gụnyere soybeans, ọka, ọka wit, ọka bali, sunflower na ahụekere, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ịnweta ahịa California na Australia mere ka mbupụ ọka wit bụrụ ọrụ bara uru, na-eduga na Usoro ọka wit nke Chile. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, mba ndị ahụ nwere nnukwu ọlaedo, nke mere ka a chọọ ọka wit dị ukwuu. Chile bụ n'oge ahụ "naanị onye na-emepụta ọka wit nke dị mkpa na Pacific". == Oceania == === Australia === A na-ahụ Murray-Darling Basin dị ka oghere achịcha nke Australia, ebe ọ bụ isi iyi nke 40% nke ego ọrụ ugbo nke mba ahụ, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke owuwe ihe ubi ọka wit, pasent 95 nke ihe ọkụkụ osikapa na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka mkpụrụ osisi, mmanya na ogho. === New Zealand === Mgbe New Zealand ghọrọ obodo Britain, ala ndị na-eme nri na-emepụta nri nke a ga-ebughachi azụ na England, na-eme ka New Zealand bụrụ onye a na-akpọkarị (mgbe ụfọdụ yana Australia) dị ka bred nke Britain, na-eduga na Dunedin bụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ iji wuchaa n'ezie ịga nke ọma n'ibu anụ refrigerated. Ejiri igwe refrigeration were rụkwaa ya nke o ji buru ibu mbụ nke anụ jụrụ oyi si New Zealand gaa United Kingdom. == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sc8viqtdoz6isl5dv5k118v3lsh90ss 0 53036 655825 452170 2026-06-15T08:08:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Irene Villa.JPG|thumb|Irene Villa]] '''Irene Villa''' (amụrụ 21 Nọvemba 1978) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ [[Spain]] na onye odeakụkọ ghọrọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe ọ tụfuru ụkwụ abụọ na mwakpo ETA na Madrid mgbe ọ dị afọ 12. O kwusiri okwu ike na mmegide ya megide amụma [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] nke inye ndị otu ahụ okwu udo ma ọ bụrụ na ha agbapụ. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ ghọọla onye na-agba ọsọ para-alpine . == Nkeonwe == Villa tolitere na {{As of|2012}} </link></link> na-aga n'ihu na-ebi na Madrid. Na 12 October 1991, Villa tụfuru ụkwụ ya abụọ <ref name="bbc" /> na ọtụtụ mkpịsị aka n'ihi ogbunigwe nke otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu Basque ETA . <ref name="making2010fail">{{Cite web|url=http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/206958/9/retirada/irene/villa/|title=Irene Villa cambia la lucha política por el esquí profesional|publisher=20minutos.es|date=28 February 2007|accessdate=6 February 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> Nna ya gwara ndị dọkịta ka ha ghara ime ihe ọ bụla, na ọ ga-aka mma ka ọ nwụọ n’ihi na mmerụ ahụ ya dị ukwuu, ndụ ya ga-ejupụtakwa n’ahụhụ. Ndị dọkịta anabataghị arịrịọ ya. <ref name="shiesmiarried" /> <ref name="someconfirmation">{{Cite web|author=Alberto Mateos|url=http://www.intereconomia.com/noticias-gaceta/sociedad/irene-villa-%E2%80%9Cni-siquiera-tu-madre-tiene-derecho-decidir-sobre-tu-vida%E2%80%9D-2012|title=Irene Villa: "Ni siquiera una madre tiene derecho a decidir sobre tu vida"|publisher=Intereconomia.com|accessdate=6 February 2013|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712123330/http://www.intereconomia.com/noticias-gaceta/sociedad/irene-villa-%E2%80%9Cni-siquiera-tu-madre-tiene-derecho-decidir-sobre-tu-vida%E2%80%9D-2012|archivedate=12 July 2012}}</ref> Nne ya tụfuru otu ụkwụ na ogwe aka na bọmbụ ahụ. <ref name="making2010fail" /> <ref name="confirmthis">{{Cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/19/solidaridad/1232390496.html|title=Ocho mujeres forman el primer equipo femenino de esquí alpino adaptado|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=20 January 2009|accessdate=5 February 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> N'ịgbaso ahụmahụ ya na mwakpo ahụ, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emegide mkparịta ụka ọ bụla gọọmentị na-eduzi na ETA na usoro udo maka ịmekọrịta ọha na eze n'ihu ọha, dị ka onye bụbu onye isi ala Spain bụ [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] tụrụ aro, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/2006/02/13/espana/1929286.html|title=No quiero ni un muerto más, pero quiero Justicia|date=13 February 2006|accessdate=5 February 2013|author=Angeles Escriva|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=Spanish}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gaceta.es/22-12-2008+irene_villa_amor_es_mas_comun_que_odio_pero_odio_hace_mas_ruido,noticia_1img,10,10,42238|title=Irene Villa: 'El amor es más común que el odio, pero el odio hace más ruido'|publisher=La Gaceta|date=22 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101223618/http://www.gaceta.es/22-12-2008%2Birene_villa_amor_es_mas_comun_que_odio_pero_odio_hace_mas_ruido%2Cnoticia_1img%2C10%2C10%2C42238|archivedate=1 January 2009|accessdate=5 February 2013|language=Spanish|author=Alfredo Urdaci}}</ref> na-akọwa ha. dị ka "ndị na-egbu mmadụ". <ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4751704.stm|title=Thousands march against Eta talks|date=25 February 2006|accessdate=12 February 2012|work=BBC News}}</ref> Ọ <ref name="studiedhere">{{Cite web|url=http://www.irenevilla.org/irene/|title=Irene|publisher=Irene Villa|date=|accessdate=6 February 2013|language=Spanish|archivedate=9 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509110448/http://www.irenevilla.org/irene/}}</ref> == Ịgba ski == Na 2007, Villa nọ na-azụ ọzụzụ iji mee asọmpi Paralympics Winter 2010 . <ref name="making2010fail"/> Ọ gbara asọmpi na mba Spain n'afọ ahụ, nke mbụ ha na-emeghe maka ndị na-ese ski ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="yepsource">{{Cite news|url=http://deportes.elpais.com/deportes/2007/02/28/actualidad/1172650922_850215.html|title=Irene Villa participará en el Campeonato de España de Esquí para Discapacitados &#124; Deportes &#124; EL PAÍS|work=El Pais|date=28 February 2007|accessdate=16 February 2013|language=es}}</ref> Campeonato de Cataluña Open de Esquí Alpino mere na ngwụcha Jenụwarị 2010 na ndị skiers na-anọchite anya mpaghara ise nke Spain gụnyere Aragon, Galicia, Catalonia, Madrid na Basque Country. Ọ nọchiri anya Madrid dị ka onye so na klọb ski maka Madrid niile, wee mechaa nke mbụ na ngalaba oche. <ref name="fiveregions">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/7162/Campeonato-de-Cataluna-Open-de-Esqui-Alpino-Adaptado-en-La-Molina/|title=Campeonato de Cataluña Open de Esquí Alpino Adaptado en La Molina - Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=27 January 2010|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> Ọ gụchara nke anọ na Women Giant slalom Ịnọdụ na 2011 Europa Cup ikpeazụ na March na La Molina, ma were ihe nrite ọla edo na klas ụmụ nwanyị maka asọmpi ski nke January 2011 nke [[Fundación También]] na [[Santiveri]], El Corte Inglés kwadoro. na [[Cetursa Sierra Nevada]] . <ref name="somecupthing">{{Cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=2006|title=Irene Villa, Ainhoa Cardet, Pedro Martínez y Carles Codina, vencedores del 6º Trofeo Santiveri y primera prueba de Copa de España de esquí alpino adaptado Región de Murcia|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|date=31 January 2011|accessdate=30 January 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> Na November 2011 na mbụ IPC -sanctioned omume nke afọ nke e mere na [[Netherlands]], o nwere a DNF na asatọ-ebe imecha. <ref name="finishefirstst">{{Cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=1645|title=Santacana y Gorce se reparten los oros en el arranque de la temporada de esquí alpino|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|date=28 November 2010|accessdate=5 February 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> Ọ tụfuru Campeonatos de España de Esquí 2012 na ihe omume ndị ọzọ na oge ski 2011/2012 n'ihi na ọ dị ime. <ref name="estrodxt">{{Cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=5058|title=El Equipo de Competición de Esquí alpino adaptado de la Fundación También finaliza su actuación en territorio nacional con el Campeonato de España|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|date=22 March 2012|accessdate=5 February 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2013, o sonyere na ogige ọzụzụ ụbọchị ise na Equipo de Competición Fundación También de Esquí na Sierra Nevada . <ref name="teammemberequipo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=7103|title=Irene Villa vuelve a la competición con el Equipo de Esquí alpino adaptado de la Fundación También|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|date=17 January 2013|accessdate=5 February 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> == Ntụaka ==  ahụmahụ ya na mwakpo ahụ, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emegide mkparịta ụka ọ bụla gọọmentị na-eduzi na ETA na usoro udo maka ịmekọrịta{{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7ncs4xipxd2eqo92ghspf46publeezt 0 56679 655794 629122 2026-06-14T19:22:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Goran Dević|image=|birth_date=1971|birth_place=[[Sisak]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]|death_date=|death_place=|years_active=2001–present|occupation=Film director, screenwriter|spouse=|awards=}} Goran Dević ( የውጭ n'afọ 1971) bụ onye ntụziaka ihe nkiri Croatian, onye edemede na prọfesọ mahadum. Amuru ya na Sisak Dević akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Zagreb's Faculty of Law, Faculty nke Humanities and Social Sciences (ngalaba ihe ochie) na Academy of Dramatic Art (ngalawa ihe nkiri), [1] ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 2008, ma na-agbara 20122 [nkọwa dị] mkpa na nke Film na TV Directing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Goran Dević {{!}} Redatelj filma|url=https://croatian.film/en/directors/171|accessdate=2023-04-10|work=croatian.film|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410072212/https://croatian.film/en/directors/171}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230410072212/https://croatian.film/en/directors/171 "Goran Dević | Redatelj filma"]. ''croatian.film''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-10</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Dević, Goran {{!}}|url=https://www.adu.unizg.hr/djelatnik/goran-devi-asistent/|accessdate=2023-04-10|language=hr|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410075657/https://www.adu.unizg.hr/djelatnik/goran-devi-asistent/}}</ref>  <ref name=":0"/> ngosi afọ 2000 Dević duziri ọtụtụ Atọ-linkid="39" href="./Short_subject" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Short subject">dị ihe na ihe ngosi dị mkpirisi, akara mmeri: On the Water (2018), The Steel+ Mill Café (651 for Furna)  Udarnik Josip Trojko (2012), Don Juan: Excuse Me, Miss (2010), The Flood (2010), Happy Land (2009), Three (2008), I Have Nothing Nice to Say to You (2005), Imported Crows (2004) na ndị ọzọ.  E nyere ndị imported Crows na Motovun Film Festival, Sarajevo Film Festival na Croatian Film Days, ihe na mmemme mba iri. Ihe nkiri izizi ya (nke ya na Zvonimir Jurić duziri ma dee) bụ ihe nkiri agha nke 2009 nke ese The Blacks .   Ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekwu maka otu ndị agha Croatia nke na-ajụjụ ngwá agha ha mgbe njedebe nke Agha Nnwere Onwe Croatian njikọ. <ref name="filmski">{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmski.net/filmovi/4820|title=Crnci|work=Filmski.net|language=Croatian|accessdate=20 May 2011|archivedate=28 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928090731/http://www.filmski.net/filmovi/4820}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ meri Jurić na Dević 4 mba ihe nrite ndị: Golden Arena maka Onye ntụziaka kacha mma na 2009 Pula Film Festival, ihe nrite ihe nkiri mba Croatia, City of Zagreb Award, yana ihe nrite mba ụwa 8 nkiri: Grand prix na Ljubljana International Film Festival 2009, Grand Prix na Auteur Film Festival, FICI 2ES00 na Direct Prix na Serbia 2ES00  FilmFestival Cottbus 2009, Crossing Europe Filmfestival Linz na ndị ọzọ.  [1][2] A gara n'ihu họrọ ya dị ka nke aka nke Croatia na 83rd Academy Awards maka Academy Award maka Best Foreign Language Film, mana ọ nweghị ike ịme ndepụta ikpeazụ..<ref name="filmneweurope">{{Cite web|title=The Blacks represents Croatia for Oscar bid|url=http://www.filmneweurope.com/news/croatia/the-blacks-represents-croatia-for-oscar-bid|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206004817/http://www.filmneweurope.com/news/croatia/the-blacks-represents-croatia-for-oscar-bid|archivedate=2011-02-06|accessdate=2010-09-30|work=filmneweurope}}</ref><ref name="Oscar Shortlist">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2011/20110119.html|title=9 Foreign Language Films Continue to Oscar Race|accessdate=2011-01-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref> E gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke ihe ngosi ya na ARSENAL CINEMA, Institute for Film (Berlin) na Crossing Europe Filmfestival (Linz), BELDOX (Belgrade), ZAGREBDOX (Croatia) na MAXII, National Museum of 21st Century Art (Rome).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Building / Regional Competition / Official Competition / Programme / 2022 / ZAGREBDOX International documentary film festival|url=http://zagrebdox.net/en/2022/programme/official_competition/regional_competition/the_building|accessdate=2023-04-10|work=zagrebdox.net|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410074354/http://zagrebdox.net/en/2022/programme/official_competition/regional_competition/the_building}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> N'afọ 2017, Dević bịanyere [[Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu|aka na-eje ozi maka ndị Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia Ndị Montenegro]]. == Ihe nkiri == Ihe nkiri: The Blacks (Crnci, 2009; onye nduzi) Ihe nkiri: * ''Obi ụtọ onwe onye n'etiti ndị Croatia'' (''Samozadovoljavanje u Hrvata'', 2003) * ''Ngwụsị izu na Sisak'' (Vikend u Sisku, 2001), * Ugoloọma si mba ọzọ (''Uvozne vrane'', 2004), * Enweghị m ihe ọ bụla dị mma ịgwa gị (Nemam ti ski reć'__wol____wol____wol__, 2006), * ''Atọ'' (Tri, 2008), * ''Ihe niile ga-adị mma'' (Ma sve ce biti u redu, 2008), * ''Ala Obi Ụtọ'' (Sretna zemlja, 2009), * Iju Mmiri (''Poplava,'' 2010) * Igwe ọkụ abụọ maka Udarnik Josip Trojko (''Dvije peći za UDARnika Josipa Trojka,'' 2012) * ''Don Juan: Gbaghara m, Miss!'' (2011), * ''65+'' (2016), * Ụlọ nkwari akụ Steel (Buffet Željezara, 2017), * ''N'aha Croatia'' (''U ime Republike Hrvatske'', 2018),''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]'' * ''N'elu Mmiri'' (Na vodi, 2018), * ''Ihe owuwu ahụ'' (''Hrvatskog narodnog preporoda,'' 2022) {{DEFAULTSORT:Dević, Goran}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ]] [[Òtù:Ndị bịanyere aka na Nkwupụta N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu]] d3co00tur9qfzo2hvas5gzs2x2n6gws 0 56979 655822 201967 2026-06-15T07:26:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:The_1854_Muluki_Ain_codification_of_entire_Nepalese_society_into_a_single_hierarchical_fold_original.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Ọchịchị agbụrụ nke Nepal, 1854]] Alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị obodo (Nepali: अन्तरजातीय विवाह    ) bụ ụdị alụmdi na nwunye nke a na-eme na-abụghị ndị agbụrụ mmadụ. Nepal nwere ọtụtụ nkedo na alụm di na nwunye a na-ewerekarị ihe rụrụ arụ. Otú ọ dị, ụdị alụmdi na nwunye a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-anabata ya. Ọ bụ iwu megidere ịkpa ókè megide mmadụ n'ihi "omenala na agbụrụ" [1]. Ka o sina dị, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị Nepal anabataghị alụm di na nwunye n'etiti ndị otu n'ihi na "ha na-atụ egwu na ha ga-abụ ndị a na-achụpụ n'obodo".[1] Dika nyocha nke Jagaran Media Center mere, alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị otu na-ebutekarị mkpagbu, ikewapụ mmanye, ịchụpụ, na ịkpa ókè n'ụlọ ọrụ.[2] Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị a na-alụ ọhụrụ bụ ndị ezinụlọ ha na-anabataghị na ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịda mbà n'obi na ihe isi ike nke mmekọrịta uche.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Subedi|first=D. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PydaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|title=Combatants to Civilians: Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Maoist Fighters in Nepal's Peace Process|date=2018-05-07|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-58672-8|language=en}}</ref> == Mmalite na mmeghachi omume == N'afọ 1854, Gọọmentị Nepal wepụtara "Muluki Ain" nke Jung Bahadur Rana nyere iwu.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|author=Basnet|first=Chudamani|date=29 October 2019|title=Crossing the Caste and Ethnic Boundaries: Love and Intermarriage Between Madhesi Men and Pahadi Women in Southern Nepal|url=http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/5802|journal=South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal|language=fr|doi=10.4000/samaj.5802|issn=1960-6060|accessdate=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepali Politics And The Rise of Jang Bahudur Rana, 1830–1857|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28837/1/10673006.pdf|accessdate=25 June 2020|work=ProQuest|archivedate=30 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530223558/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28837/1/10673006.pdf}}</ref> Iwu a machibidoro alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala na ndị nọ n"ọkwá dị elu.<ref name=":4" /> N'afọ 1963, Eze Mahendra gbanwere iwu ahụ iji wepụ "nwa amaala na-ahaghị nhata". <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Abrogation of Some Criminal Cases and Remission of Punishment Act, 2020 (1963)|url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/14022|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Nepal Law Commission|language=en-US}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị agbụrụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enweta nnabata na Nepal dum. <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Bishwakarma|first=Mom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEmMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68|title=Political Transformations in Nepal: Dalit Inequality and Social Justice|date=7 March 2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-75615-3|language=en|accessdate=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Yadav|first=Punam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiURDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167|title=Social Transformation in Post-conflict Nepal: A Gender Perspective|date=28 April 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-35390-4|language=en|accessdate=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepal, an emerging rainbow nation|url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=17503#.XvM_IGhKiUk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311183438/http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=17503#.XvM_IGhKiUk|archivedate=11 March 2018|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=Nepali Times}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, Gọọmentị Nepal kwupụtara na ọ ga-enye ndị di na nwunye nwere alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti agbụrụ dị iche iche ego ruru 100,000 rupees Nepalese (ihe dị ka US $ 1,350 <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 August 2010|title=Inter-caste Newlyweds Face Eviction, Discrimination in Nepal|url=https://globalpressjournal.com/asia/nepal/inter-caste-newlyweds-face-eviction-discrimination-in-nepal/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624121838/https://globalpressjournal.com/asia/nepal/inter-caste-newlyweds-face-eviction-discrimination-in-nepal/|archivedate=24 June 2020|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=Global Press Journal|language=en-US}}</ref>).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Sunar|first=Giri Bahadur|title=Rough road to inter-caste marriage|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/53534/|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=My Republica|language=en}}</ref> Ndị na-anata ya ga-azọrọ ego ahụ n'ime ụbọchị 30 nke alụmdi na nwunye ahụ.<ref name=":0" /> Republic, Otú ọ dị, kọrọ na enweghị "onyinye gọọmentị maka Ụmụ nwanyị Dalit" bụ ndị di ha nọ n'ọkwá dị elu hapụrụ.<ref name=":0" /> == Ihe omume ndị a ma ama == === 2004 Ntọrọ Saptari === In January 2004, Manoj Khanga, a member of the Dalit community, and Parbati Raut, who were in an inter-caste wedding, were reportedly kidnapped by the bride's relatives.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=NEPAL: The Dalit community in Saptari district was attacked due to an inter-caste marriage and the couple was kidnapped|url=http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/UA-17-2004/|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=Asian Human Rights Commission|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624151305/http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/UA-17-2004/|archivedate=24 June 2020}}</ref> Prior to that, the bride's family had filed a complaint in the police claiming that it the marriage was illegal. The couple were arrested but were released a few days later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights|url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/NPL/INT_CCPR_NGO_NPL_14741_E.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624153048/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/NPL/INT_CCPR_NGO_NPL_14741_E.pdf|archivedate=24 June 2020|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=TreatyBody Internet}}</ref> Subsequently, the Dalit community living in Saptari District, Nepal, was attacked by over 200 upper-caste people and were compelled to leave their village.<ref name=":3" /> All of the property owned by Dalit communities was looted and vandalised (worth about est. 15&nbsp;million Nepalese rupees).<ref name=":3" /> The upper-caste community terrorized and told Khanga that they would "kill him in front of his family".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepal: violence against Dalits because of an inter-caste marriage|url=https://www.omct.org/escr/urgent-interventions/nepal/2004/02/d2149/|accessdate=24 June 2020|publisher=World Organisation Against Torture|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624121713/https://www.omct.org/escr/urgent-interventions/nepal/2004/02/d2149/|archivedate=24 June 2020}}</ref> The case was sent to the Asian Human Rights Commission.<ref name=":3" /> === Ihe mere na Soti === [[Faịlụ:Nepali_Hindu_Wedding_(22).jpg|thumb|Agbamakwụkwọ ndị Hindu nke Nepal]] N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2020, a chọtara ozu ndị ikom Dalit abụọ n'Osimiri Bheri, nke bụ isi iyi nke Osimiri Karnali.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=26 May 2020|title=Soti Incident: 15 including ward chair arrested in connection with Nawaraj BK's killing|url=http://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/15-including-ward-chair-arrested-in-connection-with-dalit-youths-killing/|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=The Himalayan Times|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528133226/https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/15-including-ward-chair-arrested-in-connection-with-dalit-youths-killing/|archivedate=28 May 2020}}</ref> A maara ndị ikom ahụ dị ka Nabaraj BK na Tikaram Sunar. Dị ka ndị uwe ojii Nepal si kwuo, BK dị afọ 21 na ndị ọzọ 18 gara obodo Soti dị na Chaurjahari ịlụ nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 17. A na-ekwu na ndị obodo ahụ wakporo ìgwè ahụ ma chụpụ ha n'osimiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bodies of two Dalit men recovered from Bheri River|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/25/bodies-of-two-dalit-men-recovered-from-bheri-river|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=kathmandupost.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528131008/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/25/bodies-of-two-dalit-men-recovered-from-bheri-river|archivedate=28 May 2020}}</ref> Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị obodo ahụ si kwuo, a wakporo otu ahụ n'ihi agbụrụ ha.<ref name=":2" /> BK bụ nwoke "ọkwá dị ala" na-anwa ịlụ nwa agbọghọ "ọkwá kachasị elu". Otú ọ dị, ezinụlọ nwa agbọghọ ahụ kwuru na BK na-anwa ịlụ nwa agbọghọ ahụ na-erubeghị afọ n'agbanyeghị na ha jụrụ. BK na nwa agbọghọ ahụ nwere mmekọrịta afọ atọ ma chọọ ịlụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=One more body recovered from the Bheri River on Monday|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/26/one-more-body-recovered-from-the-bheri-river-on-monday|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=kathmandupost.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528131009/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/26/one-more-body-recovered-from-the-bheri-river-on-monday|archivedate=28 May 2020}}</ref> Ndị United Nations Mission na Nepal kpọrọ oku ka e nyochaa ihe ahụ merenụ n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UN calls for impartial investigation into Rukum (West) incident in which Dalit youths were killed|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/28/un-calls-for-impartial-investigation-into-rukum-west-incident-in-which-dalit-youths-were-killed|accessdate=24 June 2020|work=kathmandupost.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528135602/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/28/un-calls-for-impartial-investigation-into-rukum-west-incident-in-which-dalit-youths-were-killed|archivedate=28 May 2020}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye ndị a ma ama n'etiti ndị dị iche iche == * Onye bụbu praịm minista Baburam Bhattarai (Brahmin) na Hisila Yami (Newar) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Caste no bar|work=Nepali Times|url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=15581|accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref> * Onye na-agụ egwu pop Nalina Chitrakar (Newar) na Sanjeev Mishra (Madhesi) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.com.np/2007/08/02/unifying-nepal-via-marriage-pahade-wives-and-madhesi-hubbies/|title=Unifying Nepal via Marriage: Pahade Wives and Madhesi Hubbies|date=2 August 2007}}</ref> * Praịm Minista KP Sharma Oli (Brahmin) na Rashika Shakya (Newar) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Oli's Radhika|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/olis-radhika-355|accessdate=20 July 2020|date=2018-05-07}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị dị iche iche na fim == * Pandra Gate (1986), nke Hari Bansha Acharya na Sharmila Malla gosipụtara<ref>{{Cite web|title=Does blackface have a place in Nepali comedy? Probably not|accessdate=2020-06-29|url=https://kathmandupost.com/art-culture/2019/09/01/does-blackface-have-a-place-in-nepali-comedy-probably-not}}</ref> * ''[[Bato Muni Ko Phool]]'' (2010), nke Rekha Thapa na Yash Kumar gosipụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Batomuniko Phool (A flower under the trail), a must see movie for social reformer|url=http://nepaldalitinfo.net/2010/11/27/792/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031002602/http://nepaldalitinfo.net/2010/11/27/792/|archivedate=31 October 2011|accessdate=25 June 2020|work=Nepal Dalit Info}}</ref> * ''Ghampani'' (2017), nke Dayahang Rai na Keki Adhikari gosipụtara <ref>{{Cite web|title=Inter-caste romance in Ghaampani|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/4883/|accessdate=25 June 2020|work=My Republica|language=en}}; {{Cite web|title=Ghampani collects Rs 12 m in 3 days|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/18352/|accessdate=25 June 2020|work=My Republica|language=en}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị agbụrụ n'akwụkwọ == * Alụmdi na nwunye ịhụnanya * Ụmụ nwanyị na Nepal * Alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị agbụrụ na India == Edemsibia == plwkdj4gzrobfkxh7p5q8eq78a3v9vt 0 66666 655832 497059 2026-06-15T10:55:04Z PaulPatrick1 17476 Fixed reference error 655832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alanah Woody''' (March 24, 1956 - Julia 19, 2007) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke America, onye na-amụ gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, oka mmụta na onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Nevada Rock Art Foundation]], nke ọ mebere. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọkachamara na nka nkume nke Ụmụ amaala America, dị ka eserese na petroglyphs, karịsịa na Nevada, ma kwado nchebe ha.<ref name="lat">{{Cite news|title=Alanah Woody, 51; helped to preserve rock art sites in Nevada|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-woody24jul24,1,704016.story?coll=la-headlines-pe-california|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-07-24|accessdate=2007-08-19}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Woody na Central Valley nke California site n'aka nna nke bụ onye na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala na nne na-elekọta ụlọ. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ na ọwa mmiri na nnukwu ọrụ iwu ihe, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ya kwaga ọtụtụ ugboro, gụnyere Pakistan, ebe o biri site na afọ ise ruo afọ iri na atọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Na Mahadum Nevada, Reno, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na nke masta na anthropology wee gaa n'ihu nata nzere doctorate ya na nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mahadum Southampton dị na England (2000).<ref name="lat" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> [[Faịlụ:Petroglyph_in_Arizona_2007-01-20.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke petroglyph (achọtara na Arizona) ]] Woody nyere aka chọta Nevada Rock Art Foundation otu afọ mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya iji malite akwụkwọ nke ihe osise nka na nkume Nevada. Iji mee nke a, ọ kụziiri "ndị agha afọ ofufo" uru nke foto, eserese na data GPS mgbe ha na-edekọ nchọpụta ha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-echekwa mkpokọta ihe omumu na Nevada State Museum na Carson City, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> ma kụzie anthropology and archaeology na Mahadum Nevada, Reno. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}</ref> Woody natara onyinye nturu ugo nchekwa akụkụ ihe mere eme Nevada maka ọrụ nchekwa ihe nketa oge ochie ya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444 "Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News"]. ''Legacy.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} p1w13yi507j2hllnl9cb0vhx3429m1q 655834 655832 2026-06-15T10:57:05Z PaulPatrick1 17476 Fixed reference error 655834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alanah Woody''' (March 24, 1956 - Julia 19, 2007) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke America, onye na-amụ gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, oka mmụta na onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Nevada Rock Art Foundation]], nke ọ mebere. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọkachamara na nka nkume nke Ụmụ amaala America, dị ka eserese na petroglyphs, karịsịa na Nevada, ma kwado nchebe ha.<ref name="lat">{{Cite news|title=Alanah Woody, 51; helped to preserve rock art sites in Nevada|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-woody24jul24,1,704016.story?coll=la-headlines-pe-california|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-07-24|accessdate=2007-08-19}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Woody na Central Valley nke California site n'aka nna nke bụ onye na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala na nne na-elekọta ụlọ. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ na ọwa mmiri na nnukwu ọrụ iwu ihe, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ya kwaga ọtụtụ ugboro, gụnyere Pakistan, ebe o biri site na afọ ise ruo afọ iri na atọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Na Mahadum Nevada, Reno, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na nke masta na anthropology wee gaa n'ihu nata nzere doctorate ya na nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mahadum Southampton dị na England (2000).<ref name="lat" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> [[Faịlụ:Petroglyph_in_Arizona_2007-01-20.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke petroglyph (achọtara na Arizona) ]] Woody nyere aka chọta Nevada Rock Art Foundation otu afọ mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya iji malite akwụkwọ nke ihe osise nka na nkume Nevada. Iji mee nke a, ọ kụziiri "ndị agha afọ ofufo" uru nke foto, eserese na data GPS mgbe ha na-edekọ nchọpụta ha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-echekwa mkpokọta ihe omumu na Nevada State Museum na Carson City, <ref name=":0" /> ma kụzie anthropology and archaeology na Mahadum Nevada, Reno. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}</ref> Woody natara onyinye nturu ugo nchekwa akụkụ ihe mere eme Nevada maka ọrụ nchekwa ihe nketa oge ochie ya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444 "Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News"]. ''Legacy.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} d0ig15kms7j2nj1dzflj4gjw5vmnuot 655835 655834 2026-06-15T10:58:01Z PaulPatrick1 17476 Fixed reference error 655835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alanah Woody''' (March 24, 1956 - Julia 19, 2007) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke America, onye na-amụ gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, oka mmụta na onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Nevada Rock Art Foundation]], nke ọ mebere. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọkachamara na nka nkume nke Ụmụ amaala America, dị ka eserese na petroglyphs, karịsịa na Nevada, ma kwado nchebe ha.<ref name="lat">{{Cite news|title=Alanah Woody, 51; helped to preserve rock art sites in Nevada|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-woody24jul24,1,704016.story?coll=la-headlines-pe-california|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-07-24|accessdate=2007-08-19}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Woody na Central Valley nke California site n'aka nna nke bụ onye na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala na nne na-elekọta ụlọ. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ na ọwa mmiri na nnukwu ọrụ iwu ihe, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ya kwaga ọtụtụ ugboro, gụnyere Pakistan, ebe o biri site na afọ ise ruo afọ iri na atọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Na Mahadum Nevada, Reno, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na nke masta na anthropology wee gaa n'ihu nata nzere doctorate ya na nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mahadum Southampton dị na England (2000).<ref name="lat" /><ref name=":0" /> [[Faịlụ:Petroglyph_in_Arizona_2007-01-20.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke petroglyph (achọtara na Arizona) ]] Woody nyere aka chọta Nevada Rock Art Foundation otu afọ mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya iji malite akwụkwọ nke ihe osise nka na nkume Nevada. Iji mee nke a, ọ kụziiri "ndị agha afọ ofufo" uru nke foto, eserese na data GPS mgbe ha na-edekọ nchọpụta ha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-echekwa mkpokọta ihe omumu na Nevada State Museum na Carson City, <ref name=":0" /> ma kụzie anthropology and archaeology na Mahadum Nevada, Reno. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}</ref> Woody natara onyinye nturu ugo nchekwa akụkụ ihe mere eme Nevada maka ọrụ nchekwa ihe nketa oge ochie ya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444 "Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News"]. ''Legacy.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} tkn7zsebifpi2hu19wj1n4wb50fpcep 0 66710 655821 539443 2026-06-15T07:08:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Infọmatiks Ahụike Uche''' bụ alaka nke health or clinical informatics nke lekwasịrị anya n'iji teknụzụ (IT) yana ozi iji melite ahụike ụbụrụ. Dị ka infọmatiks ahụike, infọmatiks ahụ ike uche bụ usoro ọmụmụ chịkọrọ ngalaba dị iche iche nke na-akwalite nnyefe nlekọta, ime nnyocha na agụmakwụkwọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Mental_health_informatics|title=Mental health informatics - Clinfowiki|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011724/http://www.clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Mental_health_informatics}}</ref> yana teknụzụ na usoro ndị achọrọ iji mejuputa ya. == Ịgụ Ọnụ na itinye koodu == * Okwu ndị dị na ya yana usoro koodu ndị dịka (DSM) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-updates/2017/different-approaches-to-understanding-and-classifying-mental-disorders|title=NIMH » Different Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorders|work=www.nimh.nih.gov|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180944/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2017/different-approaches-to-understanding-and-classifying-mental-disorders.shtml|archivedate=2017-12-27}}</ref> * Nnwale ahụike uche kpọmkwem yana usoro nnyocha ahụ <ref name="y802">{{Cite web|title=Information for researchers and professionals about the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaires|work=sdqinfo.org|url=https://sdqinfo.org/|accessdate=2024-07-10|archivedate=2024-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706055639/https://www.sdqinfo.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawba.info/|title=Dawba|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2024-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710014043/https://www.dawba.info/}}</ref> == Usoro nchịkọta data na nchekwa == Nchịkọta ozi dị n'usoro dị mkpa maka omume na-aga nke ọma. Ịchịkọta data ndị bara uru maka nnyocha ahụ na ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa uche bụ ihe ịma aka mgba, ebe ọ bụ na anyị enweghị ọnụọgụ Biomarkers nke enwere ike iji mee ihe na infọmatiks ahụike a haziri ahazi, dị ka okpomọkụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu, nnyocha ahụ na ọgwụgwọ dị ugbu a na-agbaso ajụjụ ọnụ ahụike dị n'etiti ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọrịa. Ajụjụ ọnụ gasị abụghị naanị na ọ na-esi ike isi na ya nweta data a haziri ahazi n'ihi ahụmịhe ojieme dị iche iche, ọnọdụ, na izi ezi nke ncheta onye ọrịa. Ọganihu dị ngwa ngwa n'usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ yana nchekwa nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro nchịkọta data a.<ref name="data-collection-prototype">{{Cite journal|doi=10.2196/resprot.6919|pmid=28600276|title=Data Collection for Mental Health Studies Through Digital Platforms: Requirements and Design of a Prototype|journal=JMIR Research Protocols|volume=6|issue=6|pages=e110|year=2017|author=Aledavood|first=Talayeh}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2014 na Ireland nyochara iji ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ dekọọ ọnọdụ obi na echiche kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="irish-mental-health-mobile-apps" /> Usoro nchịkọta dị otú ahụ ga-enye ọtụtụ data a haziri ahazi nke nsogbu ncheta ndị ọrịa na-emetụtachaghị. * Njikọ nke ọrụ ahụike uche n'ime usoro ndekọ ahụike elektrọniiki (EHRs) na usoro nhazi buru ibu === Sensọ ekwentị na nke dijitalụ === Ịdị ebe niile nke ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ na ngwá nyiwe kọmputa mkpanaka ndị ọzọ na-amalite ime ka ụdị nchịkọta data ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ gasị nwee ike arụmọrụ. Ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya a rụrụ ha bụ ndị mbụ na-eji nchịkọta data na-agaghị agafe agafe ejikọtara ya na nyocha iji nye ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ka: ogologo oge a na-anụta okwu mmadụ, ọrụ geospatial (ogologo ole e mere njem gaa kwa ụbọchị), mmegarį ahụ, na oge ụra.<ref name="next-gen-psych-assessment">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1037/prj0000130|pmid=25844912|title=Next-Generation Psychiatric Assessment: Using Smartphone Sensors to Monitor Behavior and Mental Health|journal=Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal|volume=38|issue=3|pages=218–226|year=2015|author=Ben-Zeev|first=Dror}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-emepụta ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ dị mfe nke nwere ike iji data ndị na-adịgide dochie akụkụ nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụike ndị na-adịghị adịgide.<ref name="moodscope">{{Cite book|doi=10.1145/2462456.2464449|year=2013|author=LiKamWa|first=Robert|title=Proceeding of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services|chapter=MoodScope: Building a mood sensor from smartphone usage patterns|pages=389–402|isbn=978-1-4503-1672-9}}</ref><ref name="irish-mental-health-mobile-apps" /><ref name="mhealth">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1037/a0024485|title=mHealth for Mental Health: Integrating Smartphone Technology in Behavioral Healthcare|journal=Professional Psychology: Research and Practice|volume=42|issue=6|pages=505–512|year=2011|author=Luxton|first=David D.}}</ref> == Nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanetị == Nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanetị, nnweta ọgwụ site n'ịntanet na nnweta nnyocha na ọgwụgwọ ụbụrụ site n'ịntanet bụ ụzọ ọhụrụ e si enye nlekọta ahụ nke teknụzụ mere ka o kwe omume. N'ụzọ doro anya, e nwere òtù ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-enyocha ojiji nke ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ iji na-enye árò ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ihe ncheta maka ịnara ọgwụgwọ m'ọbụrụ n'o metụta ahụike uche. Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ọgụgụ maka inweta ahụike site n'ịntanet na-ekwu maka ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọrịa ọ na-esi ike inye nlekọta ahụike ọdịnala, dị ka ndị nọ n'ime ime obodo, ndị agha, ma ọ bụ ndị agha gara lara ezumike. Ụdị ndị a ka ọ dịịrị mfe irite uru site na omume nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanet. Nnyocha nke onye nlekota nke ụlọ ọrụ US Veterans Affairs na North Carolina yana Virginia kpughere na pasent iri atọ na isii nke ndị ọrịa na-adị echere ihe karịrị otu ọnwa maka ịhụ onye dokinta nata ụ́sà ahụike ha.<ref name="va-appointments">{{Cite news|author=Slack|first=Donovan|date=March 3, 2017|title=Inaccurate VA wait times preclude thousands of vets from getting outside care, probe finds|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/03/veterans-affairs-inspector-general-widespread-inaccuracies-wait-times/98693856/|work=USA Today|accessdate=April 30, 2019}}</ref> Ndị ọkachamara na nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanet nwere mmasị ibelata oge ichere ndị a site n'ịbawanye akụkụ nke arụmọrụ nke ịhụ dọkịta na mgbé órià. === Atụmanya ndị ọrịa === N'ezie, iwebata ojiji dị ukwuu nke teknụzụ ọhụrụ n'ime ọrụ ahụike bụ nnukwu ọpụpụ site na ọgwụgwọ ahụike uche nke dị adị. Ọtụtụ nnyocha na-enyocha mmetụta nke iwebata teknụzụ n'ime ntinye aka ahụike n'òzùzù yana ọgwụgwọ ahụike uche kpọmkwem. Nnyochagharị nke ọtụtụ nnyocha emere chọpụtara na ndị ọrịa n'izugbe nwere afọ ojuju na nlekọta ahụike ha natara site n'ịntanet, agbanyeghị na enwere nzaghachị a gwara ọgwa gbasara ịdị irè na arụmọrụ nke mmemme ahụ. N'ọtụtụ nnyocha, ọ na-esi ike ịchọpụta ma ihe nlụpụta so ya ọ bụ n'ihi mwebata teknụzụ, n'ihu na ndị odee anaghị akọwa ihe mere ha ji etinye aka dị otú ahụ.<ref name="bmj telehealth">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016242|pmid=28775188|title=Telehealth and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and narrative analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=7|issue=8|year=2017|author=Kruse|first=Clemens Scott}}</ref> Nnyocha emere maka imewe ngwá akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ọgbaraọhụrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ndị okenye na-eto eto gosipụtara na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ga-aka anabata iji teknụzụ nye aka na nsogbu ahụike uche ma ọ bụrụ na emepụtara ya dị ka ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ga-enwekwu mkpali iji ngwá ndị dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ngwá mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ọ bụ nke egwuregwu, òtù ọ dị, ha gosipụtara nchegbu nwere ike ịdị banyere echiche ọjọọ banyere iji ngwá ahụ.<ref name="irish-mental-health-mobile-apps">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/1460458214555041|pmid=25385165|title=Developing mental health mobile apps: Exploring adolescents' perspectives|journal=Health Informatics Journal|volume=22|issue=2|pages=265–275|url=https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/6275/1/V2_Kenny_et_al._%282014%29_Developing_Mental_Heath_Mobile_Apps.pdf|year=2016|author=Kenny|first=Rachel|accessdate=2019-09-29}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKennyDooleyFitzgerald2016">Kenny, Rachel; Dooley, Barbara; Fitzgerald, Amanda (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929204515/https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/6275/1/V2_Kenny_et_al._(2014)_Developing_Mental_Heath_Mobile_Apps.pdf "Developing mental health mobile apps: Exploring adolescents' perspectives"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Health Informatics Journal''. '''22''' (2): <span class="nowrap">265–</span>275. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1177/1460458214555041|10.1177/1460458214555041]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10197/6275|10197/6275]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25385165 25385165]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21044041 21044041]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929204515/https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/6275/1/V2_Kenny_et_al._(2014)_Developing_Mental_Heath_Mobile_Apps.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nnyocha na-egosi na ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-aratụcha ndị ọrịa agadi ahụ ịnabata mgbanwe ndị enwere na nlekọta ahụ, nguzogide teknụzụ na-eso ọ̀gbọ́, na-egosi na ọ̀gbọ́ dị ugbu a na ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu ga-anabata nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanet nke ọma.<ref name="mobile health solutions">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/1357633X16649790|pmid=27255207|title=Mobile health solutions for the aging population: A systematic narrative analysis|journal=Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare|volume=23|issue=4|pages=439–451|year=2017|author=Kruse|first=Clemens Scott}}</ref> === Teknụzụ iji kwalite omume dị mma === Na ntụkwasị n'inye data ka zie ezi na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka ndị na-enye ahụike uche, ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ nwere ikike inye ihe ncheta maka omume ibi ndụ dị mmá yana ije hụ dọkịta mgbe o kwesịrị. Jen Hyatt, onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Big White Wall, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ahụike na UK, kwuru na nlekọta ahụike uche dị ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na ọrịa karịa omume na akparamagwa ibi ndụ na-akwali ahụike.<ref name="uk-wired-jen-hyatt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2oHVQmOeNU|title=How Big Data is Improving Mental Healthcare|author=Hyatt|first=Jen|date=May 9, 2016|work=Youtube|publisher=Wired UK|accessdate=April 30, 2019|archivedate=November 19, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119213325/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2oHVQmOeNU}}</ref> Karịsịa, nnyocha egosiwo na ugboro ole anyị na-eme njem yana ịgwa ndị ọzọ okwu kwa ụbọchị bụ ihe dị mkpa na ahụike uche anyị n'òzùzù. Ngwá ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu nwere ike iji usoro ọnọdụ nke dị ekwentị ndị oge a iji soro ọrụ geospatial nke ndị na-eji ha, ma tụọ aro omume ụfọdụ site na ịma ọkwa ma ọ bụrụ na achọpụta usoro dị ize ndụ.<ref name="big-data-mental-health">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRJArd5hc_4|title=How Your Digital Data Can Help Mental Health Research|author=Lam|first=Megan|date=July 24, 2018|work=Youtube|publisher=TEDxWanChai|accessdate=April 30, 2019|archivedate=January 26, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126130520/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRJArd5hc_4}}</ref> === Ịbawanye inye nlekọta ahụ === Na ntụkwasị nke ụdị ọgwụgwọ na mmekọrịta ọhụrụ, iwebata teknụzụ na infọmatiks nwere ikike imeziwanye ịdị irè na arụmọrụ nke nlekọta ahụike uche dị ugbu a. Nnyocha e mere na UK chọpụtara na ntinye aka dijitalụ dị mfe dị ka izipu ozi SMS (ozi ederede) iji chetara ndị ọrịa ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ụbọchi onye ahụ kwesịrị ịga hụ dọkịta ahụike uche belatara òfùfù ya site n'ihe ruru pasent iri abụọ na ise ruo pasent iri abụọ na asatọ, na-apụta na ego e nwere ike ịchekwa karịrị ndè pounds otu narị na iri ise.<ref name="text-message-reminders">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1176/appi.ps.201100211|pmid=22302334|title=Text Message Reminders of Appointments: A Pilot Intervention at Four Community Mental Health Clinics in London|journal=Psychiatric Services|volume=63|issue=2|pages=161–168|year=2012|author=Sims|first=Hannah|url=http://psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=433008|accessdate=2020-08-28}}</ref> == Nnyocha data == Nchịkọta nke nnukwu data a haziri ahazi banyere ndị ọrịa ahụike uche na-ewebata ohere ịbụ ihe ga-ekwe omume nke nlekọta ahụike uche ịkawanye mma, iwu ahụike uche, na nghọta zuru okè nke ahụike uche. A ga-eme nyocha a na n'ógó buru ibu, ọmụmụ nke ihe mkpata ahụike uche na ahụike ọha na eze na ọnọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe. == Mkpa infọmatiks ahụike uche dị == Mkpa ọ dị itinye n'ọrụ nke infọmatiks ahụike na nlekọta ahụike nke mbụ na nke abụọ edoola onye ọbụla anya na mba ndị mepere emepe kemgbe afọ iri abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Ntinye n'ọrụ nke infọmatiks na ahụike uche aghọbeghị ihe zuru oke, n'agbanyeghị nkwenye ndị ọkachamara <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/policyandparliamentary/informaticscommittee.aspx|title=Informatics Committee|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2024-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710014045/https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/about-us/our-people-and-how-we-make-decisions/other-committees/informatics-committee}}</ref> ngalaba ahụ yiri ka ọ dabara adaba na kọmputa <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.healthcareconferencesuk.co.uk/news/newsfiles/Netta_Hollings_61.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011757/http://www.healthcareconferencesuk.co.uk/news/newsfiles/Netta_Hollings_61.pdf}}</ref> yana mkpa ọ dị maka inwe akaebe nke nsonaazụ pụtara ìhè.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/camh.12059|title=Innovations in Practice: Further evidence on the effectiveness of the strengths and difficulties added value score as an outcome measure for child and adolescent services|year=2014|author=Rotheray|first=Sebastian|journal=Child and Adolescent Mental Health|volume=19|issue=4|pages=270–273|pmid=32878351|url=http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23192/7/23192%20SDQSubmissionChangesV2%2013%20nov%202013.pdf|accessdate=2020-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stringaris|first=A.|year=2009|title=Longitudinal outcome of youth oppositionality: Irritable, headstrong, and hurtful behaviors have distinctive predictions|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=48|issue=4|pages=404–412|doi=10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181984f30|pmid=19318881}}</ref> Enwekwara ike nwee ịsụ ngọngọ ndị ọkachamara ime mgbanwe na usoro ọrụ a kwadorola nke iwebata usoro na-agụnye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sdq-dawba.dk/interview-goodman/|title=Interview med Robert Goodman|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011643/http://sdq-dawba.dk/interview-goodman/}}</ref> == Nchegbu == Data na ozi ndị dị na kọmputa ahụike bụ nke onwe na nke dịịrị onwe. Usoro ngwanrọ zuru oke e mere maka iji nyere aka chọpụta ma gwọọ mgbaàmà ahụike uche na-ekpughe adịghị -ike nke izobe ihe ma nwee ike ịchọ ụkpụrụ nchịkwa yana nchedo data dịka HIPAA iji chebe ndị ọrịa. Otu ihe mgbochi dị mkpa nwere ike ịbụ ihere ọha na eze metụtara nsogbu uche yana mmụba nke mmetụta banyere ichebe nzuzo na nzuzo nke ndekọ na nlekọta ahụike uche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://healingpixel.com/how-societal-stigma-complicates-privacy-protection-in-digital-mental-health/|title=How Societal Stigma Complicates Privacy Protection in Digital Mental Health}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5mrxb9i6dqo3bqyrohw6qfvyqg1npp7 0 73233 655818 638107 2026-06-15T06:51:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655818 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Imelda Icheji Lawrence Udoh''' (amụrụ n'April 24, 1960) bụ Prọfesọ nke Linguistics na Asụsụ Naijiria nke Faculty of Arts, Mahadum Uyo, Naijiria . <ref name="imelda" /> <ref name="imelda9" /> Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN). <ref name="imelda3" /> Ọ bụkwa onye otu ndụ na Fellow nke Nigerian Academy of Letters . <ref name="imelda" /> <ref name="imelda2" /> <ref name="imelda4" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Academy Of Letters Inducts 13 New Members {{!}} Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/nigerian-academy-of-letters-inducts-13-new-members/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=[[Independent Nigeria]]|date=18 August 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akoni|first=Olasunkanmi|date=January 2021|title=Ilesanmi, Abayomi, 6 others become fellows of Nigerian Academy of Letters|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]]|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/ilesanmi-abayomi-6-others-become-fellows-of-nigerian-academy-of-letters/|accessdate=November 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2021-08-15|title=Academy of Letters honours UI's Ag VC|url=https://guardian.ng/news/academy-of-letters-honours-uis-ag-vc/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=FULokoja|title=.:: Nigerian Academy of Letters Admits FUL VC, Prof. Akinwumi as NAL Fellow; M.S. Audu, Ibileye as New Members {{!}} Federal University Lokoja|url=https://www.fulokoja.edu.ng/news-page.php?i=434&a=breaking-nigerian-academy-of-letters-admits-ful-vc-prof-akinwumi-as-nal-fellow-ms-audu-ibileye-as-new-members|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=www.fulokoja.edu.ng|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na DAAD ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi nke Ngalaba Linguistics na Asụsụ Naijiria site na 2010 ruo 2014, dị ka osote Dean nke Faculty of Arts site na 2010 gaa 2013, na osote onye nduzi, School of Continuing Education (2015-2016) nke Mahadum ahụ. <ref name="imelda" /> <ref name="imelda2" /> N'ime nnyocha ya, o kwuru na "asụsụ obodo Naịjirịa yiri ka ha na-anwụ n'ebe ụfọdụ, mana ha ka na-eto nke ọma n'ebe ndị ọzọ".<ref>{{Cite news|author=The Nation|date=February 14, 2014|title=Don makes case for indigenous languages|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)]]|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/don-makes-case-for-indigenous-languages/|accessdate=November 12, 2023}}</ref> Udoh kwadoro maka nchebe nke asụsụ ụmụ amaala ndị a mgbe ọ na-enye 81st Inaugural Lecture nke Mahadum Uyo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Odey|first=Patrick|date=2021-06-28|title=Don advocates protection of Nigeria's indigenous languages|url=https://punchng.com/don-advocates-protection-of-nigerias-indigenous-languages/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Udoh bụkwa onye otu Council of the West African Linguistic Society. A haziri festschrift iji sọpụrụ ya na 2019.<ref name="imelda6" /> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Imelda Udoh na Eprel 24, 1960 na Adadama na [[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] Local Government Area nke Cross River State . <ref name="imelda4"/> Ọ gara St Bernard's Primary School, Adadama, Convent School, [[Ogoja]] na Convent School. N'afọ 1973, ọ gara Annunciation Girls" Juniorate, Ogoja ruo afọ anọ, wee nweta asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ West African na [[Ogidi, Anambra|Ogidi]] Girls" Secondary School, Ogidi na Anambra State. Ọ gara Mahadum Calabar ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na asụsụ (1983); nzere masta na asụsụ (1986); na nzere doctor nke nkà ihe ọmụma (1998). Udoh nwetakwara asambodo na English Phonetics site na Mahadum College, London, n'otu afọ ahụ.<ref name="imelda"/><ref name="imelda2"/><ref name="imelda4" /> O nwekwara asambodo na DIES/DAAD International Deans’ Course on Higher Education Management (Osnabrück University, Germany, 2012); Asambodo na Akwụkwọ Asụsụ (Mahadum Texas na Arlington, USA, 2014); na Asambodo na Global Academy in Teaching Excellence (Mahadum Wright State, Ohio, USA, 2015) <ref name="imelda4" /> == Ọrụ == E were Imelda Udoh n'ọrụ dịka osote onye nkuzi na Mahadum Cross River State n'afọ 1986. O mechara gaa Mahadum Calabar n'afọ 1987. Ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Uyo n'afọ 1989 wee ruo n'ọkwa prọfesọ nke asụsụ na asụsụ Naịjirịa n'afọ 2007. <ref name="imelda4"/> Ọ bụ onye ọbịa na-eme nnyocha na School of Oriental and African Studies, London, na 1996; ọkammụta nyocha na University College, London na 1999 na ọkammụta nleta postdoctoral na Mahadum California, Berkeley site na 2001 ruo 2002. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Institute of Collaborative Language Research (CoLang) na 2016 na Mahadum Alaska, Fairbanks, ebe o nyere usoro mmụta nke akpọrọ, "Akwụkwọ nke Orature".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Udoh|first=Imelda Icheji Lawrence|date=2016|title=Documentation of Orature|url=https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/handle/11122/9646/Orature_Syllabus_3.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|work=www.scholarworks.alaska.edu|accessdate=2026-03-09|archivedate=2024-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331045532/https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/handle/11122/9646/Orature_Syllabus_3.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi nleta na Mahadum Calabar site na 2007 ruo 2008 na 2016 ruo 2017.<ref name="imelda2"/> O kwuru okwu mmeghe nke 81 nke Mahadum Uyo nke akpọrọ, "Asụsụ ndị Naijiria dị ka Bricks For Building A National Identity". <ref>{{Cite web|title=81st Inaugural Lecture: Imelda Icheji Lawerence Udoh, Professor of Linguistics And Nigeria Languages – University Of Uyo|url=https://uniuyo.edu.ng/notice/81st-inaugural-lecture-imelda-icheji-lawerence-udoh-professor-of-linguistics-and-nigeria-languages-faculty-of-arts/|accessdate=2023-11-12|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-27|title=Don seeks for protection of indigenous languages in Nigeria|url=https://daybreak.ng/don-seeks-for-protection-of-indigenous-languages-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=Daybreak, Politics, Entertainment, Sport|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225134752/https://daybreak.ng/don-seeks-for-protection-of-indigenous-languages-in-nigeria/}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta na ndị otu == Udoh bụ onye otu na onye isi oche nke Linguistic Association of Nigeria site na 2021.<ref name="imelda3">{{Cite web|title=The Leadership – Linguistic Association of Nigeria|url=https://lan.org.ng/the-leadership/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=lan.org.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://lan.org.ng/the-leadership/ "The Leadership – Linguistic Association of Nigeria"]. ''lan.org.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Association site na 2004 ruo 2008, na osote onye isi oche nke Association site n'afọ 2016 ruo 2021. Ọ bụ onye otu ndụ na onye otu Nigerian Academy of Letters.<ref name="imelda"/><ref name="imelda2">{{Cite web|title=Imelda Icheji Lawrence Udoh|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/imelda-icheji-lawrence-udoh/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nalonline.org.ng/imelda-icheji-lawrence-udoh/ "Imelda Icheji Lawrence Udoh"]. ''Nigerian Academy of Letters''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="imelda4">{{Cite web|title=3.ImeldaUdoh_CV_2020.. - Imelda Udoh.pdf|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/15bAeWpvwuYvB5HniZBJfNjxXcL2BXn_D/view?usp=embed_facebook|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=Google Docs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://drive.google.com/file/d/15bAeWpvwuYvB5HniZBJfNjxXcL2BXn_D/view?usp=embed_facebook "3.ImeldaUdoh_CV_2020.. - Imelda Udoh.pdf"]. ''Google Docs''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> na onye otu Council of the West African Linguistic Society (WALS); Reading Association of Nigeria (RAN), na Nigerian Language Teachers' Association (ANLAT). Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na DAAD; na onye otu ndụ, yana Fellow nke Nigerian Academy of Letters (FNAL). <ref name="imelda5" /> == Enyemaka nyocha == Site n'ọtụtụ ọrụ, gụnyere Nigerian Languages Project (NLP), Lower Cross Languages Project, Abidjan-Bielefeld-Uyo Introduction to Language Documentation (ABUILD) Project, Michigan State University kwadoro Electronic Metastructure for Endangered Language Data (E-MELD) wdg, Udoh emeela nnyocha dị ukwuu na nkọwa na asụsụ akwụkwọ gbasara asụsụ nke Upper na Lower Cross River nke a na-asụ na Akwa Ibom na Cross States nke Nigeria.<ref name="imelda5">{{Cite web|title=Indigenous Hands and Voices of African Identity – International Conference|url=https://www.s-deli.org/indigenous-hands-and-voices-of-african-identity/|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=S-DELI|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.s-deli.org/indigenous-hands-and-voices-of-african-identity/ "Indigenous Hands and Voices of African Identity – International Conference"]. ''S-DELI''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="imelda6">{{Cite web|title=CFP|url=https://easychair.org/cfp/festschriftforprofimeldaudoh60|accessdate=2023-11-12|work=easychair.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://easychair.org/cfp/festschriftforprofimeldaudoh60 "CFP"]. ''easychair.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọrụ ya n'asụsụ dị iche iche dị ka Leggbó, Anaañ, Iko, Nkari, Ibibio, na Uda emeela ka e bipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hyman|first=Larry|date=2002-08-14|title=Leggbo Verb Inflection: A Semantic and Phonological Particle Analysis|url=https://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/view/3854|journal=Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society|volume=28|language=en|pages=399–410|doi=10.3765/bls.v28i1.3854|issn=2377-1666}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Udoh|first=Imelda Icheji Lawrence|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369281167|title=The Languages of the Niger Delta Regions of Nigeria|publisher=Concept Publications Limited|year=2008|isbn=9789788406617|location=Lagos|pages=1–172|language=English}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu maka asụsụ Upper Cross nke Cross-River State na asụsụ ndị pere mpe nke Naịjirịa, ọkachasị Leggbó . <ref name="imelda5" /> Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị o dezigharịrị na-akọwa asụsụ ndị dị na mpaghara ndịda nke Naịjirịa, gụnyere asụsụ ndị a na-asụ na Eleme, Rivers na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Mmasị nyocha ya ugbu a bụ na eserese asụsụ nke Naijiria site na iji teknụzụ Geographic Information Systems (GIS), nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịhazi na itinye n'ọrụ akụrụngwa mara ebe nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'oge, maka nkà mmụta asụsụ ka mma, na nlele anya nke ọnọdụ ndụ nke asụsụ. <ref name="imelda7" /> == Nhọpụta nchịkwa == Udoh served as Head of Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, University of Uyo from 2010 to 2014, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 2010 to 2013 and Deputy Director, School of Continuing Education from 2015 to 2016 of the same University.<ref name="imelda">{{Cite web|author=National Universities Commission|date=2021|title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System|url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf|accessdate=November 12, 2023|work=education.gov.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNational_Universities_Commission2021">National Universities Commission (2021). [https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf "Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''education.gov.ng''. p.&nbsp;183<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="imelda2"/><ref name="imelda4"/> Ọ rụọla ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche n'ọtụtụ mmemme nzere nke National Universities Commission, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye otu Governing Council nke Mahadum Uyo, site na 2015 ruo 2017, tinyekwara onye ọsụ ụzọ na Governing Council nke Mahadum Ritman, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, site na 2015 ruo 2019.<ref name="imelda" /><ref name="imelda2" /><ref name="imelda4" /> == Editorial nke akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ == Udoh nwere isiokwu ndị ọgbọ nyochara maka mbipụta n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mpaghara, mba, na mba ụwa nke ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ. Site na 2005 ruo 2019, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke USEM Journal of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ọbịa maka Journal of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria (JOLAN) na onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke Journal of Nigerian Languages Project (JNLP). <ref name="imelda3"/><ref name="imelda4"/> == Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ == # Udoh, Imelda Icheji Lawrence (2016). "Globalization and the Preservation of Nigerian Languages", na Ozo-mekuri Ndimele (Ed.) Convergence: English and Nigerian Language: A Festschrift for Munzali A. Jibril. Naịjirịa: M & J Grand Orbit Communications. peeji nke 173-182.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh8r1h7|title=Convergence: English and Nigerian Languages: A Festschrift for Munzali A. Jibril|date=2016|publisher=M & J Grand Orbit Communications|doi=10.2307/j.ctvh8r1h7|isbn=978-978-54127-0-3}}</ref>&nbsp; # Udoh, I.I.L., Anyanwu, O. N., na Ndimele, O, (2014). ''Okwu ndị dị oke egwu na ọmụmụ nke asụsụ, asụsụ na akwụkwọ na Naijiria: Festschrift maka Conrad Max Benedict Brann. '' Muenchen: LINCOM Europe.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10476984|title=Critical issues in the study of linguistics, languages & literatures in Nigeria: a Festschrift for Conrad Max Benedict Brann|date=2014|publisher=LINCOM Europa|isbn=978-3-86288-459-9|editor=Ndimele|series=LINCOM studies in African linguistics|location=Muenchen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10468792|title=Critical issues in the study of linguistics, languages & literatures in Nigeria: a festschrift for Conrad Max Benedict Brann|date=2008|publisher=M & J Grand Orbit Communications Ltd. : Emhai Press|editor=Ndimele|series=Festschrift series|location=Port Harcourt}}</ref> # Ekpenyong, M. E. na Udoh, I.I.L. (2022). ''Nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a na Nkọwa Asụsụ na Digital Humanities: A Festschrift in Honor of Professor Eno-Abasi Essien Urua.'' Singapore: Springer. <ref name="imelda7">{{Cite book|title=Current Issues in Descriptive Linguistics and Digital Humanities|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-19-2932-8#bibliographic-information|date=2022|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-981-19-2932-8|isbn=978-981-19-2931-1|editor=Ekpenyong}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEkpenyongUdoh2022">Ekpenyong, Moses Effiong; Udoh, Imelda Icheji, eds. (2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-19-2932-8#bibliographic-information ''Current Issues in Descriptive Linguistics and Digital Humanities'']</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2932-8|10.1007/978-981-19-2932-8]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-981-19-2931-1|<bdi>978-981-19-2931-1</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/14740848|title=Current issues in descriptive linguistics and digital humanities: a festschrift in honor of Professor Eno-Abasi Essien Urua|date=2023|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-981-19-2932-8|editor=Ekpenyong|location=Singapore}}</ref> # Udoh, I. I. L. (2019). ''Asụsụ ndịda Naịjirịa: profaịlụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. '' Uyo, Nigeria: Fruities' Publications Ltd. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Udoh|first=Imelda Icheji Lawrence|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/14869393|title=The languages of Southern Nigeria: a geopolitical profile|date=2019|publisher=Fruities' Publications Ltd|isbn=978-978-978-793-7|series=Languages of Nigeria|location=Uyo, Nigeria|oclc=on1407121597}}</ref> # Udoh, I. I. L. (2003). ''Asụsụ nke mpaghara ndịda-ndịda nke Naịjirịa: profaịlụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. '' Lagos: Concept Publications.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/6304414|title=The languages of the South-South zone of Nigeria: a geo-political profile|date=2003|publisher=Concept Publications|isbn=978-978-8065-27-2|editor=Udoh|location=Lagos}}</ref> # [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nhazi aha na Leggbo" na Paul Newman & Larry M. Hyman (ed.) ''West African Linguistics: Akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ nke Russell G. Schuh ''. Columbus, Ohio: Nke Ngalaba Linguistics na Center for African Studies, Ohio State University bipụtara. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/6485722|title=West African linguistics: papers in honor of Russell G. Schuh|date=2006|publisher=Published by the Department of Linguistics and the Center for African Studies, Ohio State University|editor=Newman|series=Studies in African linguistics. Supplement|location=Columbus, Ohio}}</ref> # Njem, U. & Udoh, I. (2023). Baptism of Indigenous Languages into an Ideology: A Decolonial Critique of Missionary Linguistics in South-Eastern Nigeria. ''Southernizing Sociolinguistics: Colonialism, Racism, na Patriarchy na Asụsụ na Global South.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] NY & London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. <ref name="imelda9">{{Cite web|title=ORCID|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-3015|accessdate=2023-11-13|work=orcid.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-3015 "ORCID"]. ''orcid.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> # Udoh, I., Ekpenyong, M., Urua, E.-A. , Adeniyi, H., Obiamalu, G., Yusuff, A., Anyanwu, O., & Obikudo, E. (2022). Ụzọ ọhụrụ maka ịkọwapụta gburugburu ebe obibi asụsụ na ihe ize ndụ na Naijiria: - gaa na ngwọta geospatial. Journal of the Digital Humanities Association of Southern Africa, ''3'' (03). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Udoh|first=Imelda|date=2021|title=A novel method for redefining language ecology and endangerment in Nigeria : – towards a geospatial solution|url=https://upjournals.up.ac.za/index.php/dhasa/article/view/3817|journal=Journal of the Digital Humanities Association of Southern Africa|language=en|volume=3|issue=03|doi=10.55492/dhasa.v3i03.3817}}</ref> # Udoh, I. I. L. (2018). "Compounding in Leggbó" Na Eugene Buckley, Thera M. Crane na Jeff Good (ed.) Nkwupụta nhazi: akwụkwọ iji sọpụrụ Larry M. Hyman. Stanford, California:: CSLI Publications.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/14217831|title=Revealing structure: papers in honor of Larry M. Hyman|date=2018|publisher=CSLI Publications|isbn=978-1-68400-030-2|editor=Buckley|series=CSLI lecture notes|location=Stanford, California}}</ref> # Udoh, I. I. L. (2007). "Ịgbasa asụsụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmetụta ya na akwụkwọ asụsụ na Naịjirịa" na Etuk Nssien Etuk, Inyang Mbong Udofot, Alice Effiong Udosen (ed.) Mmụta na Naịjarịa na narị afọ nke 21: lekwasị anya na mkpa: festschrift na nsọpụrụ nke Prọfesọ Mbong A. Udofot (MNAE). Uyo, Nigeria: Abaam Publishing Co.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9730586|title=Education in Nigeria in the 21st century: focus and imperatives: a festschrift in honour of Professor Mbong A. Udofot (MNAE)|date=2007|publisher=Abaam Publishing Co|isbn=978-978-60100-9-0|editor=Udofot|location=Uyo, Nigeria}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rfqdq13e1s8tyr0xyqjfjgbjnje7fkl 0 74620 655793 631076 2026-06-14T19:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Golda Meir''' (nke a na-akpọbu '''Meyerson'''; nke a amụrụ '''Mabovitch'''; 3 Mee 1898 - 8 Disemba 1978) bụ praịm minista nke Israel site na 1969 ruo 1974. Ọ bụ onye mbụ n'[[Israel]], ruo taa, naanị nwanyị bụ onyeisi ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kort|first=Michael|title=The Handbook of the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkQ68EbRP4wC&dq=Golda+Meir+first+female+head+of+state+in+the+Middle+East&pg=PA76|publisher=Lerner Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9781315170688|accessdate=February 21, 2023}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ ya == A mụrụ Meir Golda Mabovitch na 3 Mee 1898 n'ime ezinụlọ [[Jew|ndị Juu]] na ogbe ndịda [[:en:Kiev|Kiev]] n'oge a [[Ukraine]], wee bụrụ akụkụ nke {{ill|Russian Empire|en}}. O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ yana kwa ụmụnne 5 ndị ọzọ nwụrụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Golda Meir becomes Israeli Prime Minister {{!}} History Today|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/golda-meir-becomes-israeli-prime-minister|access-date=2021-04-26|website=www.historytoday.com|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724184319/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/golda-meir-becomes-israeli-prime-minister|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="chronology">{{Cite web |last1=Provizer |first1=Norman |last2=Wright |first2=Claire |title=Chronology of Golda Meir |url=https://www.msudenver.edu/golda-meir-center/golda-meir/chronology/ |access-date=22 November 2015 |website=[[Metropolitan State University of Denver]] |archive-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018081446/https://www.msudenver.edu/golda/goldameir/chronologyofgoldameir/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=29 March 2026 |archivedate=20 September 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920103931/https://www.msudenver.edu/golda-meir-center/golda-meir/chronology/ }}</ref> Meir na ezinụlọ ya kwagara United States na 1906.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golda Meir's American Roots |url=http://ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=272 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426080554/http://ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=272 |archive-date=April 26, 2011 |access-date=June 27, 2016 |publisher=American Jewish Historical Society |accessdate=March 29, 2026 |archivedate=April 26, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426080554/http://ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=272 }}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na {{ill|Milwaukee State Normal School|en}} wee chọta ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi. Mgbe ọ nọ na Milwaukee, ọ nabatara ngagharị {{ill|Labor Zionist|en}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jim Higgins |date=November 27, 2017 |title=Author recounts Golda Meir's career as a leader, which began as a schoolgirl in Milwaukee |work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/entertainment/books/2017/11/27/author-recounts-golda-meirs-career-leader-which-began-schoolgirl-milwaukee/892209001/ |access-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107052659/https://www.jsonline.com/story/entertainment/books/2017/11/27/author-recounts-golda-meirs-career-leader-which-began-schoolgirl-milwaukee/892209001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 15, 2017 |title=Goldie Mabowehz (Golda Meir), from the Milwaukee Public Library to Prime Minister of Israel |url=https://mpl.org/blog/now/goldie-mabowehz-golda-meir-from-the-milwaukee-public-library-to-prime-minister-of-israel?fontsize=bigfont |access-date=November 27, 2017 |publisher=[[Milwaukee Public Library]] |archive-date=January 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126220801/https://mpl.org/blog/now/goldie-mabowehz-golda-meir-from-the-milwaukee-public-library-to-prime-minister-of-israel?fontsize=bigfont |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 1921, Meir na di ya kwagara na [[:en:Madatory Palestine|Amanyere iwu Palestine]], biri na Merhavia, mechaa ghọọ onye nnọchi anya kibbutz.<ref name="jwa.org">{{Cite web |title=Golda Meir {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/meir-golda |access-date=June 12, 2018 |website=jwa.org |language=en |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527025832/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/meir-golda |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name ="chronology"/>Na 1934, e buliri ya na kọmitii ndị isi nke otu ndị ọrụ. Meir nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa na [[:en:Jewish Agency|Jewish Agency]] n'oge na mgbe [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] gasịrị.<ref name="www.goldameir.org.il">{{Cite web|title=Israel Midwife: Golda Meir in the Closing Years of the British Mandate|url=http://www.goldameir.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=content&cs=297&langpage=heb|access-date=2023-02-18|website=www.goldameir.org.il|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102235455/http://www.goldameir.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=content&cs=297&langpage=heb|archive-date=2021-01-02|url-status=dead|accessdate=2026-03-29|archivedate=2021-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102235455/http://www.goldameir.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=content&cs=297&langpage=heb}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye bịanyere aka na nkwupụta nke nnwere onwe nke Israel, na 1948.<ref name="Medzini-2017">{{Cite book |last=Medzini |first=Meron |title=Golda Meir: A Political Biography |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH |year=2017 |isbn=9783110492507 |edition=illustrated |pages=155}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Golda |url=http://www.emeryweiner.org/cmtpages.php?file_name=goldacircle&link_id=294&preview=A |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726030417/http://www.emeryweiner.org/cmtpages.php?file_name=goldacircle&link_id=294&preview=A |archive-date=July 26, 2011 |publisher=The Emery/Weiner School |accessdate=March 29, 2026 |archivedate=July 26, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726030417/http://www.emeryweiner.org/cmtpages.php?file_name=goldacircle&link_id=294&preview=A }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pine |first=Dan |title=Golda Meir's life was devoted to building Zionism |url=http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/26398/edition_id/509/format/html/displaystory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826214419/http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/26545/golda-meir-s-life-was-devoted-to-building-zionism/ |archive-date=August 26, 2012 |access-date=July 15, 2005 |publisher=San Francisco Jewish Community Publications}}</ref> A họpụtara Meir na Knesset (ndị omeiwu Israel), na 1949, ma jee ozi dị ka Minista Labour ruo 1956, mgbe a họpụtara ya Minista mba ọzọ site na Prime Minister [[: en:David Ben-Gurion|David Ben-Gurion]]. Ọ lara ezumike nká n’ozi na 1966 n’ihi ọrịa.<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/isdf/text/golani.html ''Israel Studies An Anthology: The Sinai War and Suez Crisis, 1956–7'', Motti Golani, 2010, Jewish Virtual Library] Retrieved March 21, 2015</ref><ref name="Medzini-2017" /> Na 1969, Meir weghaara ọrụ nke praịm minista mgbe ọnwụ nke {{ill|Levi Eshkol|en}} nwụsịrị.<ref name="Consents">{{cite web |title=Golda Meir Consents to Lead Israel |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/377622415 |work=The Baltimore Sun |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=19 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |archive-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719213826/http://www.newspapers.com/image/377622415/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Na mbido ọrụ ya, ọ gara ọtụtụ nleta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị isi ọdịda anyanwụ iji kwalite ọhụụ ya maka udo na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>"Golda Meir" ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, pp. 1242–44.</ref> Ntiwapụ nke {{ill|Yom Kippur War|en}} na 1973 wepụrụ Israel na nche ma kpataara ndị agha nnukwu mfu n'oge. Iwe ọhaneze kpatara mebiri aha Meir wee bute nyocha maka mmejọ ndị ahụ. Akwụsịla njikọ aka pati ya ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu na ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu na-esote; ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'afọ sochiri ya wee nọchie ya dị ka praịm minista site n'aka {{ill|Yitzhak Rabin|en}}.<ref name="TOIGM">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-biopic-seeks-to-counter-notion-that-golda-chiefly-to-blame-for-yom-kippur-war/|title='Golda' biopic aims to counter notion that PM was chiefly to blame for Yom Kippur War|work=The Times of Israel|accessdate=28 August 2023|date=26 August 2023|archive-date=November 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128140255/https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-biopic-seeks-to-counter-notion-that-golda-chiefly-to-blame-for-yom-kippur-war/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.zionism-israel.com/bio/golda_meir_biography.htm Biography of Golda Meir], Zionism and Israel</ref><ref name="Meir-1975">{{Cite book |last=Meir |first=Golda |url=https://archive.org/details/mylifemeir00meir |title=My Life |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=1975 |isbn=9780399116698 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Onye na-ese okwu na Israel, a n'ahụ Meir dị ka onye nchoputa nke ala na kọwara dị ka "Iron Lady" nke Israel ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma na ọtụtụ ebe ata ụta maka mba na-ejide na mberede n'oge agha nke 1973. Tụkwasị na nke a, okwu nchụpụ ya kwupụta {{ill|Palestine|en}} ka akọwara dị ka ihe atụ kasị ama nke Israel agọnahụ nke Palestine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Said |first=Edward |date=1998 |title=Fifty years of dispossession |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/03064229808536356 |journal=Index on Censorship |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=76–82 |doi=10.1080/03064229808536356 |issn=0306-4220|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soussi |first=Alasdair |date=2019-03-18 |title=The mixed legacy of Golda Meir, Israel's first woman PM |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2019/3/18/the-mixed-legacy-of-golda-meir-israels-first-female-pm |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217004708/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2019/3/18/the-mixed-legacy-of-golda-meir-israels-first-female-pm |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kwenyere na Meir nwere ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ụlọ karịa ka Premier. ==Ndụ onwe ya na ọnwụ ya== Meir zutere di ya Morris Meyerson n'oge ya na [[United States]]. Ha lụrụ na December 24, 1917, ha mụtakwara ụmụ abụọ. Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị na [[Jerusalem]] na 25 Mee 1951, ọ lụbeghị nwunye ọzọ.<ref name="jwa.org" /> Na 8 Disemba 1978, Meir nwụrụ n'ihi [[:en:lymphoma|ọrịa kansa]] na Jerusalem mgbe ọ dị afọ 80.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mtwtDwAAQBAJ&dq=Mount+Herzl+golda+meir&pg=PT856 |title=''Golda Meir: a political biography'' |isbn=978-3-11-048979-8 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420162601/https://books.google.com/books?id=mtwtDwAAQBAJ&dq=Mount%20Herzl%20golda%20meir&pg=PT856 |url-status=live |last1=Medzini |first1=Meron |date=April 26, 2017 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG }}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} 7zirlb6yyigenvizgh4ddy0z5xd4uet 0 75115 655792 631588 2026-06-14T19:13:05Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Link 655792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Germaine Cohen-Bazire Stanier''' (2 Septemba 1920 - 9 Mee 2001) bụ onye [[France]] na-amụ banyere ụmụ irighiri ihe. A 1960 Guggenheim Fellow, Ọ mụrụ ọrụ protein na kemịkal ndị ọzọ na usoro ndụ (biological processes) nke nje bacteria. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nyocha na Mahadum California, Berkeley na Pasteur Institute, nke ikpeazụ ebe ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Unité de Physiologie Microbienne. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Germaine Bazire na 2 Septemba 1920 na Thonon-les-Bains . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Institut Pasteur {{!}} Archives|url=https://webext.pasteur.fr/archives/cbg0.html|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=webext.pasteur.fr}}</ref> Nne ya kụziri na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na nna ya kụzikwa sayensị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}</ref> Ọ nwetara nzere ''bachelọ'' na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Toulouse n'afọ 1938 wee kwaga Mahadum Toulouse, ''licence ès sciences'' na 1942 na ''diplôme d’études supérieures'' na…1942 na diplôme d'études supérieures n'afọ 1945.<ref name="GF">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgoJAQAAIAAJ|title=Reports of the Secretary and of the Treasurer|date=1955|publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere French National Centre for Scientific Research na 1945, na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nyocha site na 1955 ruo 1957. <ref name="GF">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgoJAQAAIAAJ|title=Reports of the Secretary and of the Treasurer|date=1955|publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=mgoJAQAAIAAJ ''Reports of the Secretary and of the Treasurer'']. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 1955. p.&nbsp;140.</cite></ref> N'oge a, ọ nwetara ScD ya na Mahadum Paris na 1950, <ref name="GF" /> na thesis ya metụtara nyocha ya na butyric na [[acetonobutylic]] fermentation, nke Georges Cohen lekọtara. <ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFUllmannCohenFrancois">Ullmann, Agnes; Cohen, Georges N.; Francois, Jacob. [https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html "CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)"]. ''ASM News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2026</span> &#x2013; via www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu.</cite></ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha nke Jacques Monod na Pasteur Institute . <ref name="ASM 2001" /> N'afọ 1953, ọ kwagara Mahadum California, Berkeley dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta postdoctoral, malite dị ka onye nyocha nje bacteria tupu ọ ghọọ onye nyocha nje na 1956. <ref name="GF" /> <ref name="Govindjee 2004">{{Cite journal|author=Govindjee|date=April 2004|title=Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|journal=Photosynthesis Research|volume=80|issue=1-3|pages=1–13|doi=10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|issn=0166-8595}}</ref> N’oge mmalite ọrụ ya na Pasteur Institute, ọ nyochara ''enzyme induction'' ma na 1953, o nyere aka chọpụta ihe na-egbochi ikike nke tryptophan ịmepụta… tryptophan synthase.<ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFUllmannCohenFrancois">Ullmann, Agnes; Cohen, Georges N.; Francois, Jacob. [https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html "CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)"]. ''ASM News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2026</span> &#x2013; via www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu.</cite></ref> Ọ malitere ime nchọpụta alphaproteobacteria na cyanobacteria mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na UCB, gụnyere [[athiorhodaceae]] na [[chloroniums]], ọ mụkwara ọrụ phycobiliprotein na cyanobacterium.<ref name="ASM 2001" /> Ọ wepụtakwara ụdị mutated nke cereibacter sphaeroides iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha na carotenoids.<ref name="ASM 2001" /> Ọ pụtara na 1959 Oregon State University Biology Colloquium ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ a ma ama na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1969-04-22|title=Biology Colloquium At OSU To Attract Top U.S. Scientistsp|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/384034240/|work=Corvallis Gazette-Times|page=18}}</ref> N'afọ 1960, e nyere ya Guggenheim Fellowship iji mụọ "nchịkwa nke njikọ nke ihe ndị dị na mkpụrụ ndụ nje".<ref>{{Cite news|date=1960-04-25|title=Guggenheims to 23 Berkeleyans|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/994313045/|work=The Berkeley Gazette|page=11}}</ref> ''Nnyocha Photosynthesis'' kpọrọ ya "onye ndu ụwa na ultrastructure na physiology nke cyanobacteria", ebe mmadụ atọ nke ndị ọrụ ibe Pasteur Institute - Agnes Ullmann, Georges N. Cohen, na François Jacob - O kwuru na a na-amata ya n’ụwa niile dịka otu n’ime ndị ọkachamara kachasị elu n’ihe gbasara ''photosynthetic prokaryotes''.". <ref name="Govindjee 2004">{{Cite journal|author=Govindjee|date=April 2004|title=Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|journal=Photosynthesis Research|volume=80|issue=1-3|pages=1–13|doi=10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|issn=0166-8595}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGovindjeeAllenBeatty2004">Govindjee; Allen, John F.; Beatty, J. Thomas (April 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca "Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3"]</span>. ''Photosynthesis Research''. '''80''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0166-8595 0166-8595].</cite></ref><ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFUllmannCohenFrancois">Ullmann, Agnes; Cohen, Georges N.; Francois, Jacob. [https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html "CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)"]. ''ASM News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2026</span> &#x2013; via www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu.</cite></ref> Mgbe o si na United States lọta, ọ laghachiri na Pasteur Institute na 1971. <ref name="Govindjee 2004">{{Cite journal|author=Govindjee|date=April 2004|title=Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|journal=Photosynthesis Research|volume=80|issue=1-3|pages=1–13|doi=10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|issn=0166-8595}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGovindjeeAllenBeatty2004">Govindjee; Allen, John F.; Beatty, J. Thomas (April 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca "Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3"]</span>. ''Photosynthesis Research''. '''80''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0166-8595 0166-8595].</cite></ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Unité de Physiologie Microbienne na 1982 na prọfesọ na Pasteur Institute na 1985, tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1988. <ref name="Govindjee 2004" /><ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFUllmannCohenFrancois">Ullmann, Agnes; Cohen, Georges N.; Francois, Jacob. [https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html "CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)"]. ''ASM News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2026</span> &#x2013; via www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu.</cite></ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akụ nke International Cell Research Organization . <ref name="ASM 2001" /> Alụmdi na nwunye ya nke abụọ bụ Roger Stanier, onye Canada microbiologist onye ya na ya rụkọrhọ ọrụ na Pasteur Institute.<ref name="Govindjee 2004">{{Cite journal|author=Govindjee|date=April 2004|title=Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|journal=Photosynthesis Research|volume=80|issue=1-3|pages=1–13|doi=10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|issn=0166-8595}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGovindjeeAllenBeatty2004">Govindjee; Allen, John F.; Beatty, J. Thomas (April 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca "Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3"]</span>. ''Photosynthesis Research''. '''80''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0166-8595 0166-8595].</cite></ref> Ha nwere otu nwa nwanyị, yana nwa nwoke site na alụmdi na nwunye gara aga.<ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFUllmannCohenFrancois">Ullmann, Agnes; Cohen, Georges N.; Francois, Jacob. [https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html "CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)"]. ''ASM News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2026</span> &#x2013; via www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu.</cite></ref> O kwuru na André Michel Lwoff na Jacques Monod, ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel, bụ "mmụọ ozi na-eche ya" na "onye isi echiche" n'otu n'otu.<ref name="ASM 2001" /> Ọ nwụrụ na 9 Mee 2001 na Vancouver, ebe ọ gara ezumike n’afọ asatọ ikpeazụ ya; ọ dị afọ iri asatọ..<ref name="ASM 2001" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 17, 2001|title=STANIER|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for-germaine/70384856/|accessdate=2026-04-01|work=The Vancouver Sun|pages=F13}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references> <ref name="ASM 2001">{{Cite news|author=Ullmann|first=Agnes|title=CyanoNews: Germaine Stainer (Cohen-Bazire)|url=https://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanonews/v16/Germaine.html|accessdate=2026-04-02|work=ASM News}}</ref> <ref name="GF">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgoJAQAAIAAJ|title=Reports of the Secretary and of the Treasurer|date=1955|publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation}}</ref> <ref name="Govindjee 2004">{{Cite journal|author=Govindjee|date=April 2004|title=Celebrating the Millennium: Historical Highlights of Photosynthesis Research, Part 3|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|journal=Photosynthesis Research|volume=80|issue=1-3|pages=1–13|doi=10.1023/B:PRES.0000030564.59043.ca|issn=0166-8595}}</ref> </references> [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] tavdbczet5tyoztoiv6o3gxs5x08s03 0 75330 655808 638933 2026-06-15T02:45:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{updated|match played 7 November 2021}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=B. Ideye|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ideye-brown/32887/|website=Soccerway|access-date=19 June 2015}}</ref>  Aide Brown Ideye MON (amụrụ n'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ. Ọ nọchitere anya [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na mba ụwa, merie iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013. === Ọrụ mmalite === A mụrụ ya na [[Yenagoa]], Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Ideye malitere ọrụ ya na Bayelsa United tupu ọ kwaga Ocean Boys.<ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|title=Ideye, Brown|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38157/Brown_Ideye.html|work=NFT|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Ocean Boys nke meriri Nigeria Premier League na 2006. <ref name="NFT" /> Na Jenụwarị afọ 2008, Ideye kwagara Europe ka ọ bịanye aka na klọb Swiss Super League Neuchâtel Xamax. Tupu ọ gaa Switzerland, ọ nọ n'ụlọ ikpe na Willem II nke Netherlands, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omroepbrabant.nl/?news/86059852/Ideye+Brown+niet+naar+Willem+II.aspx|title=Ideye Brown niet naar Willem II|language=nl}}</ref> mana a bịaghị aka na ya. Mgbe afọ atọ gachara na Xamax, Ideye hapụrụ ka ọ bịanye aka na klọb French Ligue 1 Sochaux . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blick.ch/sport/fussball/international/ligue1/ideye-brown-fuer-6-millionen-zu-sochaux-138414|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120723070350/http://www.blick.ch/sport/fussball/international/ligue1/ideye-brown-fuer-6-millionen-zu-sochaux-138414|archivedate=23 July 2012|title=Jetzt ist es fix!: Ideye Brown für stolze 6 Millionen zu Sochaux&nbsp;– Blick Online}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === Na 6 Julaị 2011, Ideye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na Dynamo Kyiv nke Ukraine. O mere mpụta mbụ ya na 16 Julaị megide Oleksandria, nyere goolu abụọ. N'egwuregwu nke abụọ ya maka Dynamo, ọ gbara ọzọ, oge a megide Obolon Kyiv. Na 7 Ọgọst 2012, Ideye meriri onye meriri na UEFA Champions League ntozu agba nke atọ megide Feyenoord, nke Dynamo mechara ruo na. Ọ gbakwara ọkpụ goolu abụọ megide Borussia Mönchengladbach n'agba nke abụọ n'asọmpi playoff. Mönchengladbach meriri egwuregwu ahụ 2–1, mana Kyiv gara n'ọkwa otu Champions League 4–3 na mkpokọta.[4] Na 15 Mee 2014, Ideye bụ onye nnọchi ejighi ya na mmeri Dynamo 2–1 meriri Shakhtar Donetsk na 2014 Ukrainian Cup Final. === West Bromwich Albion === Na 18 July 2014, Ideye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ụlọ ọrụ English Premier League West Bromwich Albion, na-aghọ ihe ndekọ ndekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ maka ego a kọrọ na ọ bụ £ 10 nde. Nkwekọrịta ahụ gụnyere nhọrọ na ikike klọb maka otu afọ ọzọ.[1][2] Mgbe mmalite siri ike n'oge ahụ na England, Ideye meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 3-1 meriri Manchester City na Boxing Day 2014, wee merie ugboro anọ n'ime ụbọchị isii na February 2015 na ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Burnley na Swansea City na Premier League na abụọ megide West Ham United na iko FA. === Olympiacos === Na 31 Ọgọst 2015, Ideye sonyeere Olympiacos si West Brom maka ego akọwapụtaghị, n'agbanyeghị na ekwenyere na ọ dị gburugburu €6 nde. A na-anụ kepu kepu na atụmanya nke igosipụta na Champions League ọzọ ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ka Ideye kwenye ịkwaga na klọb nke Athens. N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, Ideye gbara goolu na mmeri Olympiacos meriri Dinamo Zagreb (1-0). O meriri onye mmeri nke nkeji iri asaa na itoolu site na njedebe dị mma site na nkuku siri ike, na-agbapụta onwe ya maka ọdịda dị ịtụnanya na mbido ọkara nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brown Ideye goal sees off Dinamo Zagreb to raise Olympiakos hopes|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/oct/20/dinamo-zagreb-olympiakos-champions-league-match-report|date=20 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Olympiakos beats Dinamo Zagreb 1-0 in Champions League|work=Yahoo News|url=https://news.yahoo.com/olympiakos-beats-dinamo-zagreb-1-0-champions-league-210613260.html|date=20 October 2015}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2016, Ideye natara onyinye bara uru site n'aka China n'oge ngbanwe nke Jenụwarị, mana ọ jụrụ onyinye ahụ n'ihi na ọ họọrọ ịnọnyere ndị mmeri Super League Greece.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ideye snubbed China to stay at Olympiakos|url=http://www.sdna.gr/news-english/article/177237/ideye-snubbed-china-stay-olympiakos|date=9 March 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2016, ọ bụ onye isi otu maka klọb ahụ ka ọ na-eme emume mmeri n'asọmpi nke ụlọ maka oge nke isii n'usoro.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.superleaguegreece.net/el/scoreboard|title=Super League Greece|author=Dev|first=OTO {{!}}|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> === Tianjin Teda === Ideye hapụrụ Olympiakos gaa n'akụkụ Chinese Super League Tianjin Teda <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ideye the latest African to move to China|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39052994|date=22 February 2017}}</ref> na windo mbufe Jenụwarị 2017. Ideye sonyeere klọb ndị China na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na ọkara maka ego mbufe nke € 12 nde. Nkwekọrịta ya, nke gara n'ihu ruo n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2019, ruru € 3.5 nde kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Brown Ideye joins Mikel in China|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/224197-brown-ideye-joins-mikel-china.html|date=21 February 2017|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Na 29 Jenụwarị 2018, Ideye sonyeere otu egwuregwu La Liga nke Spain na Malaga maka ọnwa isii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ideye brings power and definition upfront|url=https://www.malagacf.com/en/news/ideye-brings-power-and-definition-upfront|date=29 January 2018}}</ref> Na 20 June 2019, ọ sonyeere Aris na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, maka ego € 500,000 kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/omades/Aris/arhs-anakoinwse-ton-intege-gia-enan-xrono.5541262.html|title=Άρης: Ανακοίνωσε τον Ιντέγε για έναν χρόνο|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=20 June 2019|accessdate=8 May 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809093552/https://www.sport24.gr/football/omades/Aris/arhs-anakoinwse-ton-intege-gia-enan-xrono.5541262.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48871285|title=Brown Ideye: Nigeria striker looks to revive career in Greece|date=4 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 August 2019|first=Mohamed Fajah|author=Barrie}}</ref> Ideye ga-echere ruo etiti Septemba iji nweta goolu nke mbụ ya, mgbe o meriri na nnukwu mmeri ụlọ 4–0 megide Panathinaikos, bụ nke mbụ ya na oge. Otu izu ka e mesịrị, ọ natara obe dị ala site n'aka Giannis Fetfatzidis wee kụnye bọọlụ ahụ n'azụ neetị, meghere akara na Thessaloniki Derby megide PAOK, nke kwụsịrị na 2-2 eserese. Na 27 Ọktoba 2019, o meriri site na ntaramahụhụ, na mmeri ụlọ 2–0 meriri Panetolikos. Na 14 Disemba 2019, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ ka nkwusioru egwuregwu abụọ gasịrị, gbara na 3–1 meriri OFI.[4] Na 19 Disemba 2019, onye ọkpọ Naijiria bụ Brown Ideye gbara nkeji iri na abụọ na sekọnd iri abụọ na ise iji nye Aris ọkpụ 4–0 merie Volos. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020, ọ gbara bọọlụ na mmeri 1-0 megide Xanthi, n'akụkụ mbụ nke agba nke iri na isii nke Greek Cup <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/GreekCup/ksanthh-arhs-0-1-vhma-prokrishs-me-mvp-fetfatzidh-kai-skorer-intege.5666936.html|title=Ξάνθη - Άρης 0-1: Βήμα πρόκρισης με MVP Φετφατζίδη και σκόρερ Ιντέγε|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=8 January 2020|accessdate=8 May 2026|archivedate=23 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223011828/https://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/GreekCup/ksanthh-arhs-0-1-vhma-prokrishs-me-mvp-fetfatzidh-kai-skorer-intege.5666936.html}}</ref> na mmeghachi omume ọ gbara bido ọzọ, nyere aka na mmeri 2-1 na iru eru na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/GreekCup/arhs-ksanthh-2-1-me-anatroph-stoys-8.5669577.html|title=Άρης - Ξάνθη 2-1: Με ανατροπή στους "8"|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=14 January 2020|accessdate=8 May 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809090255/https://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/GreekCup/arhs-ksanthh-2-1-me-anatroph-stoys-8.5669577.html}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2020, o nyere akara n'egwuregwu 2-2 megide Lamia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/lamia-arhs-2-2-afhse-th-doyleia-sth-mesh.5685444.html|title=Λαμία - Άρης 2-2: Άγγιξε ανατροπή και playoffs|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=22 February 2020|accessdate=8 May 2026|archivedate=22 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201717/https://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/lamia-arhs-2-2-afhse-th-doyleia-sth-mesh.5685444.html}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2020, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu 3-1 megide Olympiacos maka Egwuregwu Super League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/olympiakos-arhs-3-1-katharise-se-enteka-lepta.5720961.html|title=Ολυμπιακός - Άρης 3-1: "Καθάρισε" σε έντεκα λεπτά|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=14 June 2020|accessdate=8 May 2026|archivedate=21 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721125445/https://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/olympiakos-arhs-3-1-katharise-se-enteka-lepta.5720961.html}}</ref> === Enyimba === Na Disemba 2024, Ideye bịanyere aka na klọb Njikọ Football Professional nke Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] ruo na ngwụcha oge 2024-25. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Meshioye|first=David|title=Brown Ideye joins Enyimba International|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/football/brown-ideye-joins-enyimba-international/|accessdate=31 December 2024|date=30 December 2024|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị klọb ahụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, o welitere nchegbu n'ihu ọha banyere ọdịmma ndị egwuregwu na ego a na-akwụghị ụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nlebem|first=Anthony|date=2025-07-23|title=Brown Ideye slams Enyimba over unpaid bonuses, poor player welfare|url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/brown-ideye-slams-enyimba-over-unpaid-bonuses-poor-player-welfare/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2025-07-23|title=NPFL: Pay me my bonuses - Ex-Super Eagles forward Brown Ideye calls out Enyimba|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/23/npfl-pay-me-my-bonuses-ex-super-eagles-forward-brown-ideye-calls-out-enyimba/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ideye nọchitere anya mba ya na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada. Ọ gbara egwuregwu ise na asọmpi ahụ ma gbaa otu goolu, megide Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273285/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618110039/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273285/index.html|archivedate=18 June 2008|title=FIFA Player Statistics: Brown IDEYE|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=18 July 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2010, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi dịka akụkụ nke ndị otu mmadụ iri atọ maka 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa. Ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ ikpeazụ, mana a kpọrọ ya mgbe [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] merụrụ ahụ n'ikpere wee wepụ onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1229093/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607043052/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1229093/index.html|archivedate=7 June 2010|title=Ideye replaces Mikel|publisher=FIFA|date=5 June 2010|accessdate=5 June 2010}}</ref> A kpọkwara Ideye ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013, na-egwu ọtụtụ egwuregwu ha na asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name="stats">{{Cite web|title=B. Idye – stats|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ideye-brown/32887/|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu nke abụọ nke Naịjirịa na mmeri 4-1 ha meriri Mali wee gbaa bọọlụ na mmeri 1-0 ha meriri Burkina Faso na nke ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Glendenning|first=Barry|title=Mali 1-4 Nigeria: Africa Cup of Nations semi-final – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/feb/06/mali-nigeria-africa-cup-of-nations-semi-live|accessdate=27 September 2020|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="acup13">{{Cite web|author=Hughes|first=Ian|title=Nigeria 1 – 0 Burkina Faso|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21396138|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=19 August 2014|date=10 February 2013}}</ref> A họpụtara Ideye maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ideye ghọrọ "Director of Player Pathways and Partnerships" ugbu a na Atlantic Business Football Club na July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2025-07-24|title=Super Eagles icon Ideye gets new job weeks after leaving Kanu Nwankwo’s Enyimba|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/super-eagles-icon-ideye-gets-new-job-weeks-after-leaving-kanu-nwankwos-enyimba-2025072412575982048|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mogoli|first=Precious|date=2025-07-25|title=Former Super Eagles striker Brown Ideye joins Atlantic Business FC as Director of Player Pathways and Partnerships|url=https://sportsbusinessinafrica.com/news/brown-ideye-atlantic-business-fc/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Sports Business in Africa|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-24|title=Brown Ideye Gets New Role at Atlantic Business FC After Leaving Enyimba|url=https://sportsration.com/brown-ideye-gets-new-role-at-atlantic-business-fc-after-leaving-enyimba/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=SportsRation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a] ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b] ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Bayelsa United |2006<ref name="NFT"/> |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |19 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |6 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Ocean Boys F.C.|Ụmụ nwoke Ocean]] |2006<ref name="NFT" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |5 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |- |2007<ref name="NFT" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |8 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !13 !10 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !13 !10 |- | rowspan="4" |Neuchâtel Xamax |2007–08<ref name="NFT" /> |Njikọ Super Switzerland |5 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |- |2008–09 |Njikọ Super Switzerland |33 |10 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |10 |- |2009–10 |Njikọ Super Switzerland |17 |12 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |12 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !55 !23 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !56 !23 |- | rowspan="3" |Ihe ndị e ji mara ala |2009–10 |Njikọ 1 |17 |2 |3 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |20 |5 |- |2010–11 |Njikọ 1 |35 |15 |3 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |38 |17 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !52 !17 !6 !5 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !58 !22 |- | rowspan="4" |Dynamo Kyiv |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine |27 |12 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10[c] |2 |38 |14 |- |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine |28 |17 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11[d] |4 |39 |21 |- |2013–14 |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine |19 |5 |3 |3 | colspan="2" | - |7[e] |2 |37 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !74 !34 !5 !3 ! colspan="2" |- !28 !8 !107 !45 |- | rowspan="3" |West Bromwich Albion |2014–15 |Njikọ Premier |24 |4 |3 |2 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - |30 |7 |- |2015–16 |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !24 !4 !3 !2 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !31 !7 |- | rowspan="3" |Olympiacos |2015–16 |Njikọ Super Gris |23 |10 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |8[f] |1 |35 |13 |- |2016–17 |Njikọ Super Gris |20 |13 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |8[g] |1 |30 |15 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !43 !23 !6 !3 ! colspan="2" |- !16 !2 !65 !28 |- |Tianjin Teda |2017 |Njikọ Super China |14 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |4 |- |Malaga (onye a gbazinyere) |2017–18 |[[La Liga|Njikọ ahụ]] |13 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |1 |- |Aris |2019–20 |Njikọ Super Gris |22 |8 |5 |2 | colspan="2" | - |4[e] |0 |31 |10 |- | rowspan="3" |Göztepe |2020–21 |Süper Lig |30 |2 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |3 |- |2021–22 |Süper Lig |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !35 !2 !1 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !36 !3 |- |Al-Yarmouk |[[2022–23 Kuwaiti Division One|2022–23]] |Nkewa nke Mbụ nke Kuwait |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !364 !132 !27 !16 !4 !1 !48 !10 !443 !159 |} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Mba Nile === : ''Ka ọ na-erule egwuregwu a gbara na 31 Mee 2016. Ntinye nke Naijiria depụtara na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ọsọ Ideye ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa site na ụbọchị, ebe, okpu, onye mmegide, akara, nsonaazụ na asọmpi ! scope="col" |Mba. ! data-sort-type="date" scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Isi ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi |- ! scope="row" |1 |14 Nọvemba 2012 |Marlins Park, Miami, United States |5 | Venezuela |1–0 |3–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- ! scope="row" |2 |6 Febụwarị 2013 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa |11 | Mali |2–0 |4–1 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations |- ! scope="row" |3 |31 Mee 2013 |NRG Stadium, Houston, United States |14 | Mexico |1–1 |2–2 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- ! scope="row" |4 | rowspan="2" |10 Septemba 2013 | rowspan="2" |[[Ahmadu Bello Stadium]], [[Kaduna]], Nigeria | rowspan="2" |20 | rowspan="2" | Burkina Faso |1–0 | rowspan="2" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- ! scope="row" |5 |2–0 |- ! scope="row" |6 |31 Mee 2016 |Egwuregwu Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |25 | Luxembourg |1–0 |3–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |} == Nsọpụrụ == [[Faịlụ:Brown_Ideye2014.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ideye na 2014 Ukrainian Cup Final]] '''Ụmụ nwoke Ocean''' * Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 2006 '''Dynamo Kyiv''' * Iko Ukraine: 2013-14<ref name="cf14">{{Cite web|title=Dynamo 2 – 1 Shakthar|url=http://www.fpl.ua/ukr/protocol/2013_2014/cup/13/9/|publisher=fpl.ua|accessdate=19 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703072559/http://fpl.ua/ukr/protocol/2013_2014/cup/13/9/|archivedate=3 July 2014}}</ref> * Super Cup nke Ukraine: 2011 On 31 August 2015, Ideye joined Olympiacos from West Brom for an undisclosed fee, though believed to be around €6 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brown Ideye sold to Greek club|url=http://www.wba.co.uk/news/article/wba-albion-brown-ideye-olympiakos-2659239.aspx|publisher=West Bromwich Albion|date=31 August 2015|accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official: Ideye departs West Brom for Olympiakos|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/11/transfer-zone/2015/08/31/14928332/official-ideye-departs-west-brom-for-olympiakos|date=31 August 2015|accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref> The prospect of featuring in the Champions League again was rumoured to play a crucial role in convincing Ideye to move to the Athens-based club.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brown Ideye Joins Olympiakos|url=http://www.soccernet.ng/2015/08/brown-ideye-joins-olympiakos.html|date=31 August 2015|author=Akangbe|first=Biyi}}</ref> * Super League Greece: 2015-162015–16 * Onye nke abụọ na Greek Cup: 2015-162015–16 '''Naịjirịa''' * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013<ref name="acup13"/> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Brown Ideyena National-Football-Teams.com * Brown Ideye- Statistics nke French league naLFP- dịkwan'asụsụ French (nke e debere) * [http://www.sportifafricain.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=972&Itemid=259 Ajụjụ ọnụ]  * Brown Ideyen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Brown IdeyenaUAF (n'asụsụ Ukrainian) * Brown Ideyena FootballFacts.ru (n'asụsụ Russian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5clko72ctv5qg00ui93rprqfd0zzx19 0 75529 655768 638824 2026-06-14T17:22:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georgette Leblanc''' (8 Febụwarị 1869 - 27 Ọktoba 1941)bụ onye French opera soprano, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na nwanne onye edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ Maurice Leblanc. Ọ malitere inwe mmasị karịsịa n'ọrụ Jules Massenet ma bụrụkwa onye a ma ama maka ọrụ aha ya na Bizet's Carmen. . Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Leblanc bụ onye hụrụ onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye edemede Belgium bụ́ Maurice Maeterlinck n'anya, o dekwara ọtụtụ akụkụ maka ya n'ime ihe nkiri ya. Ọ gbara Ariane na Ariane et Barbe-bleue, ma n'egwuregwu mbụ nke Maeterlinck mere na 1899 na nke Paul Dukas mere na opera nke 1907, yana La Mort de Tintagiles na 1905 na Paris. Leblanc pụtakwara na fim French ole na ole, ọkachasị L'Inhumaine na 1924. N'ime afọ iri ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'ide ihe, na-emepụta akụkọ ndụ abụọ gara nke ọma n'ahịa na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụmụaka na akụkọ njem. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Georgette Leblanc n'ezinụlọ nwere ọdịbendị nke ji nka nke ụdị niile kpọrọ ihe ma gbaa ya ume ịchụso egwu, ime ihe nkiri, na ide ihe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Paris tupu ọ mụọ egwu n'okpuru Jules Massenet n'obodo ahụ..<ref name="oper">[http://hosting.triboni.com/triboni/exec?method=com.operissimo.artist.webDisplay&id=ffcyoieagxaaaaabqasv&xsl=webDisplay&searchStr=Georgette%20Leblanc Biography of Georgette Leblanc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717100941/http://hosting.triboni.com/triboni/exec?method=com.operissimo.artist.webDisplay&id=ffcyoieagxaaaaabqasv&xsl=webDisplay&searchStr=Georgette%20Leblanc|date=17 July 2011}} on Operissimo.com (in German); accessed 31 January 2009.</ref> O mere ihe nkiri opera ọkachamara ya na Opéra-Comique na 23 Nọvemba 1893 dịka Françoise na egwu Alfred Bruneau nke L'attaque du moulin. Obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ opera ahụ iji bụrụ abụ aha na Bizet's Carmen. Na 1894, ọ sonyeere ndị otu na Théâtre de la Monnaie ebe ọ bụụrụ ọtụtụ egwu maka oge atọ sochirinụ, gụnyere: Anita na La Navarraise na egwu aha na Thaïs na Carmen nke Massenet ọzọ..<ref name="Grove">[[Elizabeth Forbes (musicologist)|Elizabeth Forbes]]: "Georgette Leblanc", ''Grove Music Online'' ed. L. Macy (accessed 30 January 2009), [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/ (subscription access)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/ |date=16 May 2008 }}</ref> N'afọ 1895, Leblanc zutere onye na-ede egwuregwu Maurice Maeterlinck na Brussels onye ya na ya malitere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya afọ 23. N'otu afọ ahụ, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara na mpaghara Passy dị na Paris, bikọ ọnụ n'ihu ọha, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ha bụ́ ndị Katọlik nwee mwute. Leblanc lụrụ nwoke Spen afọ ole na ole gara aga, Chọọchị Roman Katọlik ekweghịkwa ka ọ gbaa alụkwaghịm n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na-enweghị obi ụtọ. Ụlọ di na nwunye ahụ ghọrọ ebe etiti maka obodo nka, ebe ndị mmadụ dịka Octave Mirbeau, Jean Lorrain, na Paul Fort na-anọkarị n'ụlọ ha. Di na nwunye ahụ nwekwara ụlọ na Normandy ebe ha ga-aga maka oge okpomọkụ.<ref>Bettina Knapp, ''Maurice Maeterlinck'', (Thackery Publishers: Boston, 1975), pp. 87-92.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> Malite na ''Aglavaine na Sélysette'' na 1896, ọ malitere ịpụta n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu Maeterlinck, ọtụtụ n'ime ha gụnyere ihe odide e dere maka ya ma ọ bụ dabere na ya. Ọ bụrụkwara abụ n'ọtụtụ recitals na concerts na Paris nke gụnyere German lieder nke Franz Schubert na Robert Schumann sụgharịrị n'asụsụ French site na Maeterlinck. Ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na opera na Paris, karịsịa na-apụta dị ka Fanny na Massenet's ''Sapho'' na Opéra-Comique na 1897. O mechara dekọọ ọtụtụ arias site na ''Sapho'' na onye dere ya na piano na 1903 .<ref name="Grove"/><ref name="Knapp, 87-92">Knapp, 87-92.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104455/http://www.historicopera.com/jsingerl_page1.htm Profile], historicopera.com; accessed 14 March 2019. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104455/http://www.historicopera.com/jsingerl_page1.htm|date=14 January 2009}}</ref> Malite n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1893, Maeterlinck na Claude Debussy jikọrọ aka na opera Pelléas et Mélisande, nke dabere na egwuregwu Maeterlinck nwere otu aha ahụ. E bu ụzọ kpebie na Leblanc ga-eme ọrụ Mélisande na mmalite opera nke afọ 1902, mana Mary Garden nọchiri ya. Nke a kpasuru Maeterlinck iwe, onye yiri egwu ịgba akwụkwọ iwu na ime ihe ike megide Debussy maka ịchụpụ onye hụrụ ya n'anya n'akụkụ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, o malitere ọrụ aha na mmalite ụwa nke mmegharị egwu Paul Dukas nke Maeterlinck nke Ariane et Barbe-bleue na 1907, ebe ọ gosilarị Ariane na egwuregwu mbụ na 1899 na Paris.. [[Faịlụ:Georgette_Leblanc_1913.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Georgette Leblanc na Mary Magdalene (1910) ]] N'afọ 1906, Leblanc na Maeterlinck kwagara n'otu obodo dị na Grasse ebe mmekọrịta ha malitere inwe nsogbu. Maeterlinck dara mbà n'obi ma mesịa chọpụta na ọ na-arịa ọrịa neurasthenia. Otú ọ dị, o dere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri n'oge a, abụọ n'ime ha, ''Marie-Victoire'' (1907) na Mary Magdalene (1910), nwere ọrụ dị mkpa maka Leblanc. N'afọ 1912-13, ọ bụrụ abụ na Manhattan Opera House na New York na Opéra de Monte-Carlo. O mechara bụrụ abụ Mélisande na 1912 na mbido ya na Boston na Boston Opera Company, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na egwuregwu ahụ ma dekọọ egwu anọ na Columbia Records. N'afọ 1914, Leblanc na Maeterlinck hapụrụ Grasse gaa n'otu obodo dị nso na Nice ma n'afọ sochirinụ Leblanc mere Lady Macbeth na ihe nkiri French nke [[William Shakespeare]]'s Macbeth . Di na nwunye ahụ nọrọ ọnụ afọ anọ ọzọ, mana mmekọrịta ahụ kwụsịrị na 1918 mgbe o doro anya na ya na nwanyị ọzọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Renee Dahon nwere mmekọahụ. [[Faịlụ:Portrait_photograph_of_Georgette_Leblanc.jpg|thumb|Georgette Leblanc, 1921]] Mgbe mmekọrịta ya na Maeterlinck kwụsịrị, Leblanc nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime ihe nkiri ya n'ime afọ 1920, ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ịbụ abụ ya agwụla. O nwere ọtụtụ mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na ndị a ma ama n'oge 1920s na 1930s. N'oge dị mkpirikpi, ya na onye omimi Greek-Armenian G. I. Gurdjieff na-emekọrịta ihe. Ọ bụkwa ezigbo enyi nke nwa akwụkwọ Gurdjieff ibe ya Margaret Anderson. Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ onye a ma ama n'etiti ndị na-ese ihe na Paris ma bụrụ ezigbo enyi Jean Cocteau na Marcel L'Herbier, onye ọ pụtara na fim L'Inhumaine (1924).<ref>Knapp, pp. 129, 147-50.</ref> N'afọ 1930, Leblanc bipụtara Souvenirs (1895-1918), akụkọ banyere mmekọrịta ya na Maeterlinck. O dekwara akụkọ ndụ onwe onye ọzọ na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụmụaka na njem. Ọ nwụrụ na Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes na 1941 ma lie ya na Notre Dame des Anges Cemetery n'akụkụ Margaret Anderson . == Ọrụ == * ''Nhọrọ nke Ndụ'' (1904) * ''Ọnwụ Tintagiles'' (1905) * ''Nnụnụ Bluebird nke Ụmụaka'' (1913) * ''Nwa agbọghọ ahụ chọtara nnụnụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ: Nleta Helen Keller'' (1914) * ''Nkịta Maeterlinck'' (1919) * ''Nhọrọ nke Ndụ'' (1927) * Ihe Ncheta (1931) * ''Ihe ncheta: Ndụ mụ na Maeterlinck'' (1932) * Akụkọ nke Nnụnụ Na-acha Ọcha (1939) * ''Igwe Na-eme Ihe Ike'' (1947) == Edemsibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category}} * Works by Georgette LeblancnaỌrụ Gutenberg * Works by Georgette LeblancnaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze) * Works by or about Georgette LeblancnaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet * {{IMDb name|0495693|Georgette Leblanc (I)}} * Ihe si na La Machine à Courage, mpịakọta nke abụọ nke akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke Leblanc E debere na Wayback Machine qc2wu6hk6zq7g0swi1j3fcyewjn2qt2 0 75748 655824 637702 2026-06-15T08:03:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655824 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>   '''Irene Muzás Calpe''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1974) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Spain. N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ na Spain. == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya == A mụrụ Muzás n'afọ 1974 na Barcelona, [[Spain]].<ref name="atid">{{Cite web|title=Rabinato|url=https://www.atid.es/section-29/rabinato|work=Atid synagogue|accessdate=4 May 2026|language=es|archivedate=15 January 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115011407/https://www.atid.es/section-29/rabinato}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke mmụta na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee na agụmagụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Barcelona, ebe ọ gụchakwara nzere postgraduate na mmụta na ngalaba gaụmagụ Bekee, ma gaa n'ihu na-amụ Classical philology na Mahadum nke Barcelona na ọdịbendị na ọha mmadụ nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na Mahaduma Open nke Catalonia . <ref name="atid" /><ref name="razon">{{Cite news|author=Planes|first=Joan|title=La barcelonesa Irene Muzás Calpe será la primera mujer rabina en España|url=https://www.larazon.es/cataluna/20221022/gnm73zv2xfeadfo6pfbscoojle.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]]|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}</ref> O nwetakwara nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum International nke La Rioja . <ref name="objective">{{Cite news|title=Una barcelonesa de 48 años será la primera mujer rabina de España|url=https://theobjective.com/sociedad/2022-10-22/barcelonesa-primera-mujer-rabina-espana/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|The Objective (Spain)|es|The Objective}}|date=22 October 2022|language=es}}</ref> Ọ rụbuola ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị na onye nkuzi asụsụ Bekee na Latin.<ref name="razon" /><ref name="lucia">{{Cite news|author=Montobbio Campa|first=Lucía|title=Irene Muzás, primera rabina catalana: “La principal lluita de la dona és normalitzar la seva presència”|url=https://www.catalunyareligio.cat/ca/irene-muzas-primera-rabina-catalana-principal|accessdate=4 May 2026|work={{ill|Catalunya Religió|ca}}|date=7 November 2022|language=ca}}</ref> == Nhọpụta == Ọ tụgharịrị okpukpe ma ghọọ onye Juu n'afọ 2013, mgbe Okpukpe ndị Juu masịrị ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ, n'ịmụ Hibru ma na-aga ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala ndị Juu na Mahadum Barcelona . <ref name="español">{{Cite news|author=Martínez|first=David|title=El camino de Irene para convertirse en la primera mujer rabina de España: "En Barcelona hay que ir con cautela con un kipá"|url=https://www.elespanol.com/porfolio/20221113/camino-irene-convertirse-primera-espana-barcelona-cautela/717428578_0.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Español]]|date=13 November 2022|language=es}}</ref><ref name="razon" /> Ọ sonyeere ngalaba otu Atid nke Barcelona, site na okpukpe ndị Juu Conservative.<ref name="3cat">{{Cite news|title=Irene Muzás, la primera rabina catalana i una de les poques d'Europa, ordenada a Alemanya|url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/irene-muzas-calpe-la-primera-rabina-catalana/noticia/3191759/|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[3Cat]]|date=24 October 2022|language=ca}}</ref><ref name="lucia" /> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị rabaị mbụ nke Spain na Zacharias Frankel College nke Mahadum Potsdam, Germany, mgbe o mechara thesis ya na Lilith maka nzere masta nke nkà mmụta okpukpe ndị Juu. <ref name="3cat" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lilith: la primera Eva, con Irene Muzas Calpe|url=https://www.radiosefarad.com/lilith-la-primera-eva-con-irene-muzas-calpe/|work=Radio Sefarad|accessdate=4 May 2026|date=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="español" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=Ordenen a Berlín la primera rabí catalana|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2208841-ordenen-a-berlin-la-primera-rabi-catalana.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=[[El Punt Avui]]|date=22 October 2022|language=ca}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba nke afọ 2022, Muzás ghọrọ onye isi nke ụlọ nzukọ Atid na Barcelona mgbe onye rabaị Stephen Berkowitz lara ezumike nká.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rourera|first=Mireia|title=“M’ha sorprès l’expectació per la meva ordenació”|url=https://www.elpuntavui.cat/societat/article/5-societat/2222267-m-ha-sorpres-l-expectacio-per-la-meva-ordenacio.html|accessdate=4 May 2026|work=El Punt Avui|date=26 November 2022|language=ca}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0swpb9oyqjbg4iy4ywl00a0pea3qerv 0 75998 655807 654627 2026-06-15T01:54:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hélène Frappat''' (2 Septemba 1969 na [[Paris]]) bụ onye edemede French, onye ntụgharị na onye nkatọ nke ihe nkiri. [[Faịlụ:Hélène_Frappat_(2018).jpg|thumb|Foto nke Hélène Frappat]] == Akụkọ ndụ == Onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ nke École Normale Supérieure (klas 1989), <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archicubes.ens.fr/lannuaire#annuaire_chercher?identite=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Frappat.|title=L'Annuaire &#124; a-Ulm}}</ref> O nwere nchịkọta nke nkà ihe ọmụma na akwụkwọ ozi PhD. Ọ bụ ya dere ọtụtụ nsụgharị, gụnyere The Origins of Totalitarianism nke Hannah Arendt dere, Études sur la personnalité autoritaire nke Theodor W. Adorno dere, Amitié nke Samson Raphaelson dere). Na France Culture, o mepụtara magazin sinima kwa ọnwa "Rien à voir", site na 2004 ruo 2009, tinyere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ ya dere akwụkwọ akụkọ itoolu nke Éditions Allia na Actes Sud bipụtara. Ọ na-asụgharị akwụkwọ akụkọ Ann Patchett yana nke Laura Lippman kemgbe afọ 2019.. N'afọ 2016, o sonyere na Assises Internationales du Roman na Lyon . <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Les jeunes romanciers philosophes|url=http://www.villagillet.net/portail/air/details/article/phenomene-de-generation-les-jeunes-romanciers-philosophes/|year=2016|accessdate=15 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611053016/http://www.villagillet.net/portail/air/details/article/phenomene-de-generation-les-jeunes-romanciers-philosophes/|archivedate=11 June 2016}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ ya, Trois femmes disparaissent, dabeere na ndụ Tippi Hedren, nwa ya nwanyị Melanie Griffith na nwa nwa ya nwanyị Dakota Johnson. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ enwetala otuto dị egwu <ref>{{Cite web|title=Trois femmes disparaissent {{!}} Actes Sud|url=https://www.actes-sud.fr/catalogue/litterature/trois-femmes-disparaissent|accessdate=2023-02-19|work=www.actes-sud.fr}}</ref> ma IRCAM na-emezi ya ugbu a. == Akwụkwọ == ; Akwụkwọ akụkọ * 2004: ''Sous réserve'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 124 p.  .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/livre/sous-reserve_809417.html|title=Kant dans un jeu de piste|author=Baptiste Liger (Lire), 1 September 2004|date=September 2004|accessdate=15 January 2017}}</ref> * 2007: '' L'Agent de liaison'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 142 p.  .<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.telerama.fr/livres/l-agent-de-liaison,20451.php|title=L'Agent de liaison. Roman – Hélène Frappat|author=Erwan Desplanques, Télérama n° 3013 – 13 October 2007|accessdate=15 January 2017}}</ref> * 2009: ''Par effraction'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 128 p.   : - Ihe nrite Wepler-Foundation La Poste - Mention Spéciale, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/144,prix-wepler-fondation-la-poste-mention-speciale.html|title=Prix Wepler-Fondation La Poste – Mention Spéciale|accessdate=15 January 2017|archivedate=5 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205050221/http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/144,prix-wepler-fondation-la-poste-mention-speciale.html}}</ref> * 2011: ''Inverno'', Arles, France, Éditions Actes Sud, series "Un endroit où aller", 140 p.  .<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.telerama.fr/livres/inverno,72103.php|title=Inverno. Hélène Frappat|author=Christine Ferniot, Télérama n° 3215 – 27 August 2011|date=27 August 2011|accessdate=15 January 2017}}</ref> then Actes Sud, series "Babel", 2016 ''Lady Hunt'', Arles, France, Éditions Actes Sud, series "Domaine français", 2013, 320 p.  , then Actes Sud, series "Babel", 2016  . : - Nhọrọ Prix Mauvais genres 2013. : - Nhọrọ Franz-Hessel-Preis 2014. * 2014: ''N'oublie pas de respirer'', Arles, France, Éditions Actes Sud, series "Essence", 64 p.   : - Nhọrọ Franz-Hessel-Preis 2015. : - Nhọrọ Ihe nrite nke ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ndị mmụta nke Île de France * 2019: ''Osimiri Ikpeazụ'', Ọrụ Ndịda * 2021: ''Ugwu Fuji adịghị'', Actes Sud * 2023: Ụmụ nwanyị atọ na-apụ n'anya, Actes Sud : ; Ihe odide * 2000: ''La Violence'', Paris, Flammarion, series "Corpus", 251 p.   * 2001: ''Jacques Rivette, secret compris'', Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 255 p.  .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lesinrocks.com/cine/cinema-article/t/30011/date/2001-11-30/article/jacques-rivette-secret-compris-jacques-rozier-le-funambule/|title=Jacques Rivette, secret compris|accessdate=15 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/divers/article/22409/dans-le-secret-de-jacques-rivette.html|title=Dans le secret de Jacques Rivette|author=Jean-François Pluijgers|date=17 May 2001|accessdate=15 January 2017}}</ref> * 2008: ''Roberto Rossellini'', Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 94 p.   * ''Trois films fantômes de Jacques Rivette'', Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 2002, 110 p.  . == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.franceinter.fr/personnes/helene-frappat Hélène Frappat] na France Inter * [https://www.franceculture.fr/personne/helene-frappat Hélène Frappat] na France Culture * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191114000817/https://www.actes-sud.fr/contributeurs/frappat-helene-0 Hélène Frappat] na Ọrụ Ndịda * [http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Helene-Frappat/5253 Hélène Frappat] na Babelio * [http://www.m-e-l.fr/,ec,539 Hélène Frappat] na MEL * Hélène Frappat isiokwu banyere Les Inrockuptibles''Ihe Ndị Na-enweghị Nkwekọrịta'' * Nkwurịta okwu Hélène Frappat Gburugburu Jacques Rivette na YouTube * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEstgd2VCvQ Hélène Frappat: ''Ọ bụ nwanyị na-abanye n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè...''] na YouTube {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jjdhca1dujdvd9heb6prioo3r2jspf8 0 76378 655786 653534 2026-06-14T18:20:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọkaiwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si Tunisia-French (1927–2020)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{infobox officeholder | name = Gisèle Halimi | image = Gisele Halimi Front de Gauche 2009-03-08.jpg | caption = Halimi in 2009 | office = [[Permanent representative|Permanent Representative]] of [[France]] {{nowrap|to [[UNESCO]]}} | term_start = 13 April 1985 | term_end = 1 September 1986 | president = [[François Mitterrand]] | predecessor = [[Jacqueline Baudrier]] | successor = Marie-Claude Cabana | office1 = [[Deputy (France)|Member]] of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]<br>for [[Isère]]'s [[Isère's 4th constituency|4th]] constituency | term_start1 = 21 June 1981 | term_end1 = 9 September 1984 | predecessor1 = Jacques-Antoine Gaur | successor1 = Maurice Rival | birth_name = Zeiza Gisèle Élise Taïeb | birth_date = {{birth date|1927|07|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[La Goulette]], [[Tunis]], [[French protectorate of Tunisia|French Tunisia]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|07|28|1927|07|28|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | alma_mater = [[University of Paris]]<br>[[Sciences Po]] | spouse = Paul Halimi (divorced)<br>Claude Faux | children = 3 (including [[Serge Halimi]]) | profession = [[Lawyer]] | signature = Signature de Gisèle Halimi.png }} '''Gisèle Halimi''' (amụrụ '''Zeiza Gisèle Élise Taïeb''', {{langx|ar|زايزا جيزيل إليز طيب}}; 27 Julaị 1927 – 28 Julaị 2020) bụ onye Tunisia-French [[ọkaiwu]], [[onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]], [[edemede]] na onye na-akwado [[Feminism na France|nkwado nha umunwanyị]].<ref name="KritzmanReilly2007">{{cite book|author1=Lawrence D. Kritzman|author2=Brian J. Reilly|author3=Malcolm DeBevoise|title=The Columbia History of Twentieth-Century French Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA42|access-date=15 January 2011|date=September 2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-10790-7|page=42}}</ref> Dịka ọkaiwu, ọ gbachitere ndị na-akwado ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-alụ ọgụ maka [[nnwere onwe nke Algeria|Ịbụ mba Algeria]], mgbe ahụ, otu mba ndị France, site na afọ 1950 gaa n'ihu, gụnyere ndị otu [[National Liberation Front (Algeria)]] (FLN). Site na 1960 gaa n'ihu, ọ gbachitere onye na-akwado ikike na onye agha [[Djamila Boupacha]], onye e boro ebubo ịnwa igbu mmadụ wee lanarị [[ịta ahụhụ]] na [[ịda n'ike]] mgbe ndị agha France jidere ya. Tinyere [[Simone de Beauvoir]], o mere ka a mara ikpe ahụ iji gosi [[Mmekpa ahụ n'oge Agha Algeria|Ụzọ ndị agha France si ata mmadụ ahụhụ n'oge Agha Algeria]]. Dịka onye isi na [[nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị France]], ọ bụ naanị ọkaiwu bịanyere aka na 1971 [[Manifesto nke 343]], nke mere ka ụmụ nwanyị ndị kwupụtara na ha ewepụla ime ma kwuo na ha nwere ohere ịnweta [[inwepu ime]] n'efu, nke bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na France n'oge ahụ. N'ihi nke a, o hiwere ntọala Choisir la cause des femmes (Choice Women's Cause), tinyere Simone de Beauvoir na [[Jean Rostand]], tinyere ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1972, n'oge ikpe Bobigny, ọrụ ya dịka ọkaiwu maka ụmụ nwanyị e boro ebubo inwepu ime n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị mere ka a tọhapụ mmadụ atọ n'ime ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ikpe a kwụsịtụrụ maka nke anọ, ma tinye aka na mgbanwe na [[Veil Act]], nke aha ya bụ [[Simone Veil]], maka ịkwụsị afọ ime n'afọ 1975. N'otu aka ahụ, atụmatụ ya dị elu maka ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ bụ ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike n'otu òtù na 1974, nke a nwalere na 1978, Anne Tonglet na Araceli Castellano, nyere aka na ntinye iwu ọhụrụ na 1980, nke kọwara nke ọma [[mmegide na-ekwesịghị ekwesị]] na ndina n'ike, na-ekwe ka a mata nke ikpeazụ dị ka mpụ, ebe ruo mgbe ahụ, a na-emeso ya dị ka [[ihe na-ezighị ezi]] n'okpuru [[iwu French]]. Na [[1981 ntuli aka ndị omeiwu France|1981]], a họpụtara Halimi na [[French National Assembly]],<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28"/> dị ka [[ndị otu aka ekpe dị iche iche|ndị otu Socialist nọọrọ onwe ha]] ma jee ozi dị ka [[Onye omeiwu (France)|Osote]] maka [[Isère]] ruo 1984. N'agbata afọ 1985 na 1987, ọ bụ onye nnọchite anya mba Frans na [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=FR&language=E |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019090149/http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=FR&language=E |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2003 |title=France |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |date=17 October 2007 |access-date=15 January 2010}}</ref> Na 1998, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere [[Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and for Citizens' Action|ATTAC]].<ref name="ATTAC founding members">{{cite web |url=http://www.france.attac.org/le-coll-ge-des-fondateurs |title=ATTAC founding members |access-date=21 May 2012 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412031004/http://www.france.attac.org/le-coll-ge-des-fondateurs |archive-date=12 April 2011 |url-status=dead |accessdate=3 June 2026 |archivedate=12 April 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412031004/http://www.france.attac.org/le-coll-ge-des-fondateurs }}</ref> ==Akụkọ Ndụ== A mụrụ Zeiza Gisèle Élise Taïeb na [[La Goulette]], French Tunisia, na 27 Julaị 1927 n'ezinụlọ [[Berber Juu | Juu Berber]]. Nna ya, Edouard Taïeb, malitere ọrụ dịka onye na-ebuga ozi n'ọfịs iwu tupu ọ ghọọ odeakwụkwọ akwụkwọ iwu wee bụrụ ọkachamara n'iwu. Ọ ghọrọ nwa amaala Frans n'afọ 1928.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfgenealogie.com/infos/de-tunis-a-paris-la-genealogie-de-gisele-halimi|title=De Tunis à Paris : la généalogie de Gisèle Halimi|website=rfgenealogie.com|language=fr|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> Nne ya, Fortunée "Fritna" Mettoudi, mere ihe ọha mmadụ tụrụ anya ya maka ịbụ nwanyị ọdịnala, nke Halimi kwuru dị ka ihe kpatara ya ikwado nha ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article76597|title=HALIMI Gisèle [née ZEIZA Gisèle, Élise, Taïeb]|website=maitron.fr|date=5 April 2023 |language=fr|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> Mgbe a mụrụ Gisèle, ndị mụrụ ya zoro ọmụmụ ya ruo ụbọchị iri na ise n'ihi na n'oge ahụ, a na-ewere ịmụ nwa nwanyị dị ka nkọcha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mairie7.lyon.fr/actualite/commemoration/gisele-halimi#:~:text=Zeiza%20Gisèle%20Élise%20Taïeb%20est,sa%20naissance%20durant%203%20semaines.|title=Gisèle Halimi|website=mairie7.lyon.fr|language=fr|access-date=21 August 2024|date=7 March 2022}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ọ jụrụ ichere ụmụnne ya nwoke ma gaa n'ihu ịbụ ọnụ agụụ iji mee mkpesa maka ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị ezinụlọ ya na-arụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ jụrụ ịlụ onye ahịa mmanụ bara ọgaranya nke tọrọ ya nke ukwuu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/gisele-halimi-a-12-ans-j-ai-fait-une-greve-de-la-faim-parce-que-les-filles-servaient-les-garcons-3139431|title=Gisèle Halimi : "À 12 ans, j'ai fait une grève de la faim parce que les filles servaient les garçons"|website=radiofrance.fr|language=fr|access-date=21 August 2024|date=28 July 2020}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na French ''[[lycée]]'' na [[Tunis]], wee gaa [[Mahadum Paris]], gụchaa akwụkwọ na [[iwu]] na [[nkà ihe ọmụma]]. Ọ mụrụ ụmụ nwoke atọ: [[Serge Halimi|Serge]], onye nta akụkọ, na Jean-Yves, onye ọkaiwu, site na alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na Paul Halimi, na Emmanuel Faux, onye nta akụkọ, site na alụmdi na nwunye nke abụọ ya na Claude Faux.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elle.fr/Personnalites/Gisele-Halimi|title=Gisèle Halimi - Sa bio et toute son actualité|website=www.elle.fr|language=fr|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> She died the day following her 93rd birthday, on July 28, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=L'avocate Gisèle Halimi, défenseuse passionnée de la cause des femmes, est morte |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/07/28/l-avocate-gisele-halimi-defenseuse-passionnee-de-la-cause-des-femmes-est-morte_6047506_3382.html |work=Le Monde|date=28 July 2020 |language=fr}}</ref> ==Ọrụ== Na afọ 1948, Halimi ruru eru ịbụ ọkaiwu, mgbe afọ asatọ gachara na [[Tunis]] [[bar association|bar]],<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28">{{cite news |url=https://www.brut.media/fr/entertainment/une-vie-gisele-halimi-3ad2f8bc-f3e3-48e2-b6aa-978047445665 |title=Une vie&thinsp;: Gisèle Halimi |work=Brut<!-- [[:fr:Brut (média)]] --> |date=2020-07-28 |access-date=2020-07-28 |language=fr }}</ref> gaa ịrụ ọrụ na bar [[Paris]] na 1956.<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28"/> O mere dịka onye ọkaiwu maka [[National Liberation Front (Algeria)|Algerian National Liberation Front]], nke kachasị pụta ìhè maka onye na-eme ngagharị iwe [[Djamila Boupacha]], onye ndị agha France dịnara n'ike ma taa ahụhụ,<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28"/> na-ede akwụkwọ na 1961 (ya na okwu mmalite nke [[Simone de Beauvoir]]) iji kpee ikpe ya.<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28"/> Gisèle Halimi enweghị ike ịga ikpe mbụ e mere atụmatụ ya n'ihu [[ụlọ ikpe ndị agha]], ya mere ọ zigara otu n'ime ndị nta akụkọ ya na Algeria, Pierre Garrigues, onye e gburu na [[Algiers]] na Machị 1, 1962. N'ihi ihe mgbochi iwu, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa megide General Ailleret, onyeisi ndị agha na Algeria, na [[Pierre Messmer]], Minista nke Ndị Agha, maka imebi ikike iwu kwadoro nke onye ahịa ya. E boro ndị isi abụọ ahụ ebubo [[Mwakpo (iwu)|aghụghọ]], nke mere ka ndị mgbasa ozi mara ikpe ahụ. O nwetakwara mgbanwe ebe a ga-ekpe ikpe ahụ gaa na [[Caen]] ma kpọkọta ndị otu ya iji guzobe kọmitii nchekwa<ref>Codaccioni, Vanessa. (2010)[https://doi.org/10.3917/nqf.291.0032 (Dé)Politisation du genre et des questions sexuelles dans un procès politique en contexte colonial : le viol, le procès et l'affaire Djamila Boupacha (1960-1962).] Nouvelles Questions féministes 29(1).</ref> nke ahụ chịkọtara ego dị mkpa iji kwado ego ịlaghachi na France.<ref>Tahri, Hamid (2020) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200802053051/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/lhommage-de-djamila-boupacha-a-gisele-halimi-ce-netait-pas-seulement-mon-avocate-cetait-ma-soeur-30-07-2020 L'hommage de Djamila Boupacha à Gisèle Halimi : « Ce n'était pas seulement mon avocate, c'était ma sœur !][[El Watan]].</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ French [[Le Monde]] gbachitere ikpe a nke ọma. O gbachitekwara ndị [[Ndị Basque|Ndị Basque]] ebubo mpụ e mere n'oge esemokwu ahụ na Basque Country. Halimi jere ozi dịka onye ndụmọdụ n'ọtụtụ okwu metụtara nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28"/> Ọ bụ naanị ya bụ ọkaiwu bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ụmụ nwanyị 343 nke afọ 1971 bụ́ ndị kwupụtara na ha ewepụla ime ma rịọ ka e nye ha ohere iji ọgwụ mgbochi afọ ime na inwepu afọ ime n'efu.<ref>[https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20200728.OBS31626/l-avocate-gisele-halimi-grande-figure-du-feminisme-est-morte.html L'avocate Gisèle Halimi, grande figure du féminisme, est morte]. (2020) [[Le Nouvel Obs]].</ref> Ya na Simone de Beauvoir na Jean Rostand, tinyere ndị ọzọ, hiwere otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụnwaanyị ''Choisir la cause des femmes'' (Choose the Cause of Women) na 1971 ma mee mkpọsa maka iwepụ ime n'ime mpụ<ref name="Ramsay2003">{{cite book|author=Raylene L. Ramsay|title=French women in politics: writing power, paternal legitimization, and maternal legacies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wQe6IcBaMQC&pg=PA135|access-date=15 January 2011|year=2003|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-57181-081-6|pages=135–139}}</ref> iji chebe ụmụ nwanyị ndị bịanyere aka na [[Manifesto nke 343]] kwetara na ha nwepuru ime n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, nke ọ bụ otu n'ime ha.<ref name="Brut 2020-07-28"/><ref name="ManifesteDes3432">[http://www.cidem.org/themes/egalite_hommes_femmes/ega_infos/eclairages/ega_k003.html Le manifeste des 343] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010423084113/http://www.cidem.org/themes/egalite_hommes_femmes/ega_infos/eclairages/ega_k003.html|date=23 April 2001}}</ref> Isi ihe o bu n'obi bụ ichebe ndị bịanyere aka na manifesto nke 343 bụ ndị a ga-ebo ebubo, ma karịa nke ahụ, ịlụ ọgụ maka mgbanwe nke iwu nke afọ 1920 nke machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị ịchịkwa ọmụmụ ha site na igbochi afọ ime ma ọ bụ iwepu ime.<ref name="Maitron">{{cite web|access-date=30 July 2020 |author=Sandrine Garcia |date=8 March 2010 |title=Halimi Gisèle [née Zezia Gisèle, Élise, Taïeb] |url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article76597 |website=[[Le Maitron]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke otu a mgbe Simone de Beauvoir nwụrụ.<ref>[https://www.humanite.fr/node/287266 Gisèle Halimi : “De quel féminisme parle-t-on ?] (25 June 2002)[[L'Humanité]]</ref> N'oge ikpe [[Bobigny]] na 1972, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu, o nwetara mbụ nnwere onwe nke ụlọikpe maka [[Marie-Claire Chevalier]], nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na isii nke tere ime mgbe e dinara ya n'ike, ikpe maka nne ya a hapuru, ma tọhapụkwa ndị enyi abụọ ahụ nyeere marie-claire aka. O jiri ikpe a mee ihe iji kwuo okwu megide iwu na-ekwu na ite ime bụ ihe iwu na-akwadoghị. Ikpe a tinyere aka na mgbanwe e mere na [[Iwu Mkpuchi]] maka iwepụ afọ ime n'afọ, nke e mere na Disemba 1974 ma kwupụta na Jenụwarị 1975.<ref name="elle.fr">Guillon, Anaïs. (28 July 2020) [https://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/L-avocate-Gisele-Halimi-figure-de-la-lutte-feministe-est-morte-a-l-age-de-93-ans-3871979 L'avocate Gisèle Halimi, figure de la lutte féministe est morte à l'âge de 93 ans]. [[Elle (magazine)|Elle]].</ref> N'akụkụ [[François Mitterrand]], a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 1981, ọkwa o ji ruo afọ 1984. Dịka onye na-akwado nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na 1982 o nwetara ikike ịme iwu nke na-akwado oke nwoke na nwanyị na ntuli aka, mana ederede ahụ gbanwere site n'aka [[Constitutional Council (France)]]. Tinyere [[Robert Badinter]], ọ nọ n'azụ iwu ahụ nke kagburu ọdịiche dị n'etiti afọ nkwenye maka mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na nwoke idina nwoke. Site na 1985 gaa n'ihu, ọ nọ n'ọkwa dị iche iche n'usoro na [[UNESCO]] (onye nnọchi anya mba Frans, onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Mgbakọ na Nkwanye Aka) wee nọrọ na [[United Nations]] (onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye ndị nnọchiteanya France na Mgbakọ Izugbe, onye na-ahụ maka nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị). Na 1998, ọ bụ onye guzobere otu [[Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and for Citizens' Action]] (ATTAC).<ref name="ATTAC founding members"/> Na 2008, o bipụtara edemede ya na otu Choisir nke akpọrọ ''La clause de l'Européenne la plus favorisée'' (The Most Favored European Clause), nke na-atụ aro ka e gbasaa ndokwa kachasị mma n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị nye ụmụ amaala niile nke mba ọ bụla so na [[European Union]]. Na 2009, ọ so na kọmitii nkwado maka [[Russell Tribunal on Palestine]].<ref name="elle.fr"/> == Ihe nrite == Honorary member nke Order of Lawyers of [[Mexico]] na 1982.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=HOMMAGE - Gisèle Halimi, de La Goulette au barreau parisien |url=https://lepetitjournal.com/tunis/actualites/hommage-gisele-halimi-de-la-goulette-au-barreau-parisien-53189 |website=le petit journal}}</ref> Personality of the Year Award site n'aka Grand Jury of International Distinction na 1983.<ref name=":0" /> Minerva Award site na Club delle Donne, n'akụkụ "Field of Politics and Social Engagement" (Rome, October 1985).<ref name=":0" /> Medal nke Paris Bar Association (April 2003).<ref name=":0" /> Na 2021, otu akwụkwọ mkpesa dị n'ịntanetị nke mmadụ 35,000 bịanyere aka na ya rịọrọ ka a sọpụrụ Giséle Halimi site n'ili ya ọzọ na [[Panthéon]] na Paris ma ọ bụ nye ya nsọpụrụ Panthéon, n'akụkụ [[Simone Veil]], [[Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz]], [[Marie Curie]], [[Germaine Tillion]], [[Sophie Berthelot]] na kwa [[Josephine Baker]].<ref>Recker, Fabien. (2021). [https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/non-classe/gisele-halimi-pourquoi-l-elysee-ne-souhaite-pas-lui-ouvrir-le-pantheon-190204n Gisèle Halimi : pourquoi Macron lui refuse le Panthéon : L’annonce de la panthéonisation de Joséphine Baker interroge sur le choix de ne pas faire accéder Gisèle Halimi à ce temple républicain]. ''Public Senat''.</ref> Na 26 Julaị 2024, iwu Gisèle Halimi so n'ime statutes iri nke ụmụ nwanyị na [[2024 Summer Olympics]] na Paris, ya na ọkà ihe ọmụma na onye na-ede uri [[Christine de Pizan]], onye nchọpụta [[Jeanne Barret]], onye mgbanwe [[Olympe de Gouges]], onye anarchist [[Louise Michel]], onye nduzi ihe nkiri [[Alice Guy]], onye egwuregwu [[Alice Milliat]], onye edemede [[Paulette Nardal]], ọkà ihe ọmụma [[Simone de Beauvoir]] na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Simone Veil]].<ref>[https://www.liberation.fr/societe/olympe-de-gouges-louise-michel-simone-vei-les-statues-feministes-de-la-ceremonie-des-jo-commencent-a-etre-erigees-dans-le-nord-de-paris-20250718%20WSL2W7VXWJARRE6XLYLACC43XI/ Olympe de Gouges, Louise Michel, Simone Veil… Les statues féministes de la cérémonie des JO commencent à être érigées dans le nord de Paris]. (26 July 2025). [[Libération]].</ref> ==Ọrụ== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | English translation ! scope="col" | Time of first publication ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | First edition publisher/publication ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Unique identifier ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''Djamila Boupacha'' | | 1962 | Gallimard | {{ISBN|978-2070205240}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Le procès de Burgos'' | ''The Burgos Trials'' | 1971 | | {{ISBN|978-2070279487}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''La cause des femmes'' | ''The Cause of Women'' | 1973 | | {{ISBN|2-246-00028-9}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Avortement, une loi en procès'' | ''Abortion, a Law on Trial'' | 1973 | | {{ISBN|2-246-00028-9}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''The Right to Choose'' | | 1977 | | {{ISBN|0-7022-1433-7}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Viol, Le procès d'Aix: Choisir la cause des femmes'' | ''Rape, the Aix Trial: Choosing the Cause of Women'' | 1978 | | {{ISBN|978-2070353989}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Le Programme commun des femmes'' | ''The Common Women's Program'' | 1978 | | {{ISBN|2-246-00572-8}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''le Lait de l'Oranger'' | ''Milk for the Orange Tree'' | 1988 | | {{ISBN|0-7043-2738-4}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Une embellie perdue'' | ''A Lost Beauty'' | 1995 | | {{ISBN|2-07-073788-8}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''La nouvelle cause des femmes'' | ''The New Cause of Women'' | 1997 | | {{ISBN|2-02-031973-X}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Fritna'' | | 1999 | | {{ISBN|2-259-19134-7}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''La parité dans la vie politique'' | ''Parity in Political Life'' | 1999 | | {{ISBN|2-11-004376-8}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Avocate irrespectueuse'' | ''Disrespectful Counsel'' | 2002 | | {{ISBN|2-259-19453-2}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Le procès de Bobigny: Choisir la cause des femmes'' | ''The Bobigny Trial: Choosing the Cause of Women'' | 2006 | | {{ISBN|2-07-077515-1}} | Preface by [[Simone de Beauvoir]] |- ! scope="row" | ''La Kahina'' | | 2006 | | {{ISBN|2-259-20314-0}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Ne vous résignez jamais'' | ''Never Resign Yourself'' | 2009 | | {{ISBN|978-2-259-20941-0}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Histoire d'une passion'' | ''History of a Passion'' | 2011 | [[Plon (publisher)|Plon]] | {{ISBN|2-259-21394-4}} | |- ! scope="row" | ''Une farouche liberté'' | | 2020 | [[Éditions Grasset|Grasset]] | {{ISBN|978-2-253-07840-1}} | With Annick Cojean |- |} ==Ihe ndetu okpuru== {{reflist}} ==Edensibia== * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/aug/12/israel An unlikely alliance]. [[The Guardian]], 12 August 2003. Accessed 2011-01-15. ==Ịgụkwu ihe== *General Paul Aussaresses, ''The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955-1957''. (New York: Enigma Books, 2010) {{ISBN|9781929631308}}. *Natalie Edwards, ''The Autobiographies of Julia Kristeva, Gisèle Halimi, Assia Djebar and Hélène Cixous : beyond "I" versus "we"''. (Chicago: Northwestern University, 2005) {{ISBN|0542173042}}. {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Halimi, Gisele}} [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị]] aqprkp37ecfe21m0gvrox9xwpi85jyx 0 76469 655737 653954 2026-06-14T13:33:42Z Akwugo 11031 /* Edensibia */ . 655737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ọkà mmụta French nke na-amụ asụsụ na ederede ochie (amụrụ na 1942)}} '''Geneviève Hasenohr''' (amụrụ na 3 Julaị 1942) bụ onye France na-amụ [[philology|filọlọjị]] na ọkà mmụta ama ama nke [[medieval French literature|akwụkwọ French nke oge etiti]] na nke oge Renaissance. Ọ bụ onye dere ma ọ bụ nyere aka n’ide ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri anọ, dee ihe ruru edemede agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha akwụkwọ iri ise ma ọ bụ karịa, ma kwadebe ọtụtụ mbipụta agụmakwụkwọ. O nyere aka n’akwụkwọ abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n’ọhịa ọmụmụ akwụkwọ French nke oge etiti. Otu n’ime ha bụ ''Introduction à l'ancien français'', nke Guy Raynaud de Lage dere ma Hasenohr megharịa.<ref>(Paris: SEDES, 1990 and 1993. {{ISBN|2718116536}} and {{ISBN|978-2718116532}})</ref> Ya na [[:fr:Michel Zink|Michel Zink]], o megharịrị mpịakọta nke mbụ nke nnukwu akwụkwọ ''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises'',<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28082636 Dictionnaire des lettres françaises]</ref> nke nwere isiokwu nta ''Le Moyen Age''.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/431449238 Le Moyen Age]</ref><ref>(Paris: Fayard, 1992, {{ISBN|2253056626}} / {{ISBN|978-2253056621}})</ref> Zink na Hasenohr bụkwa ndị nchịkọta ọnụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ mba ụwa ''Romania''.<ref>[http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/michel-zink/romania_revue.htm Romania]</ref> Mbipụta mbụ ya pụtara n'okpuru aha Geneviève Esnos; mgbe ahụ, site na 1969 ruo 2002, ọtụtụ ọrụ ya pụtara n'okpuru aha Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos.<ref>[https://www.google.com/#q=inauthor:%22Genevi%C3%A8ve+Hasenohr-Esnos%22&tbm=bksGeneviève Hasenohr-Esnos]</ref> Ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụ prọfesọ na [[University of Paris (post-1970)|Mahadum Sorbonne]] dị na Paris na ngalaba Roman nke Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irht.cnrs.fr/en/ |title=Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes |access-date=9 January 2014 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109115827/http://www.irht.cnrs.fr/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> nke [[Centre National de Recherche Scientifique]] (CNRS) dị na Paris. Ọ ka na-enwe mmekọrịta ọrụ na [[Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes]] na Centre de recherche sur la création littéraire en France à la Renaissance.<ref>[http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/en/%20Centre de recherche sur la création littéraire en France à la Renaissance]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kwanyere ya ugwu dịka Knight nke [[National Order of Merit (France)]], nakwa dịka [[Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Chevalier des Palmes académiques]]. Kemgbe afọ 2000, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya (correspondent) nke [http://www.aibl.fr/membres/liste-des-correspondants-francais/article/hasenohr-genevieve?lang=fr Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109071700/http://www.aibl.fr/membres/liste-des-correspondants-francais/article/hasenohr-genevieve?lang=fr |date=9 January 2014 }}. Prọfesọ Hasenohr ka na-ebipụta ọmụmụ miri emi banyere akwụkwọ aka Latin na French, ma bụrụ ọkachamara n’ihe gbasara [[philology|filọlọjị]], [[paleography|palịọgrafi]], [[French literature|akwụkwọ French]], [[Christian spirituality|mmụọ nsọ Kraịst]], na [[women's literature|edemede ụmụ nwanyị]]. ==Akwụkwọ edemede ahọpụtara== *"A propos de la ''Vie de Nostre Benoit Saulveur Jhesus Crist''." ''Romania'' 102 (1981): 352-391. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/lfr_0023-8368_1998_num_119_1_6257 "Abréviations et frontières de mots."] ''Langue Française'' 119, ''Segments graphiques du français: Pratiques et normalisations dans l'histoire'' (September 1998): 24-29. *"Les anciennes traductions italiennes du ''De civitate dei''". Thesis, 1968. *"Aperçu sur la diffusion et la réception de la littérature de spiritualité en langue française au dernier siècle du Moyen Age," ''Wissenorganisierende und wissensvermittelnde Literatur im Mittelalter'', ed. Norbert Richard Wolf (Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1987), 57-90. *"[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1991_num_77_198_3509?luceneQuery=%28%2B%28content%3AHasenohr+title%3AHasenohr^2.0+fullContent%3AHasenohr^100.0+fullTitle%3AHasenohr^140.0+summary%3AHasenohr+authors%3AHasenohr^5.0+illustrations%3AHasenohr^4.0+bibrefs%3AHasenohr^4.0+toctitles%3AHasenohr^4.0+toctitles1%3AHasenohr^3.0+toctitles2%3AHasenohr^2.0+toctitles3%3AHasenohr%29%29+AND+%28+%2BarticleType%3A%28article%29+%2Baccess_right%3A%28free%29+%29&words=Hasenohr&words=100&words=140&words=article&words=free Aspects de la littérature de spiritualité en langue française], 1480-1520." ''Revue de l'histoire de l'église en France'' 77 (1991): 29-45. *"Bible française." In ''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises. Le Moyen Âge'' (1992) p.&nbsp;179-196. *"Bibles et psautiers." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p.&nbsp;316-327. *"Le christianisme méridional au miroir de sa littérature (XIIIe-XIVe siècles)." ''Heresis'' 11 (1988): 29-40. *"Copistes italiens du ''Lancelot'': le manuscrit fr. 354 de la Bibl. Nationale." In ''Lancelot, Lanzelet. Hier et aujourdhui'' (1995) p.&nbsp;219-226. *"Le Credo apostolique dans la littérature française du Moyen Âge." In ''Pensée, image et communication en Europe médiévale'' (1993) p.&nbsp;175-178. *''Culture et travail intellectuel dans l'occident médiéval: bilan des "Colloques d'humanisme médiéval (1960-1980) fondés par le R.P. Hubert, O.P.,'' ed. Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos and Jean Longère. Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1981. *''Le'' Cur Deus homo ''d'Anselme de Canterbury et le'' De arrha animae ''de Hugues de Saint-Victor'', ed. Pierre Crapillet; Geneviève Hasenohr; Robert Bultot. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut d'études médiévales de l'Université catholique de Louvain, 1984. *"De l'écriture à la lecture: réflexion sur les manuscrits d'''Erec et Enide.'' In ''Les Manuscrits de Chrétien de Troyes'' ed. Françoise Gasparri and Christine Ruby (1993) Pt. 1, p. 97-148. *"Deux chansons franciscaines françaises du XIIIe siècle." ''Revista portuguesa de história do livro'' 10 (2007) p. 35-69. *''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises'' volume 1, ''Le moyen âge'', by Georges François-Xavier Marie Grente, Robert Bossuat, Louis Pichard, and Guy Raynaud de Lage. Revised by [[Michel Zink]] and Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: Le Livre de Poche / Fayard, 1992. Also 1994 edition "Ed. entièrement revue et mise à jour sous la dir. de Geneviève Hasenohr." *"Dire la verité", "oir la verité": quelle vérité ? À propos de quelques occurrences de vérité relevées dans les sermons de Gerson." ''La transmission des savoirs au Moyen Âge et à la Renaissance'' 1 (2005) p. 13-28. *"Discours vernaculaire et autorités latines. In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p. 289-315. *"Le dit de l'arbre." In ''Ensi firent li ancessor : mélanges de philologie médiévale offerts à Marc-René Jung'' (Alessandria : Edizioni dell'Orso, 1996) p.&nbsp;559-572. *"Un ''Donat'' de dévotion en langue d'oc du XIIIe siècle: le ''Liber divini amoris''." ''Eglise et culture en France méridionale'', ed. Jacques Monfrin (2000) p.&nbsp;219-243. *"Du bon usage de la galette des rois." ''Romania'' 114 (1996) p.&nbsp;445-467. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_2006_num_150_2_87096%20 "D’une « poésie de béguine » à une « poétique des béguines ». Aperçus sur la forme et la reception des textes (France, XIIIe-XIVe s.)."] ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres'' 150 (2006) p.&nbsp;913-943. *"Écrire en latin, ecrire en roman: réflexions sur la pratique des abréviations dans les manuscrits francais des XIIe et XIIIe siècles." In ''Langages et peuples d'Europe'' (2002) p.&nbsp;79-110. *"Écrits moraux et lectures religieuses à la fin du Moyen âge: étude et édition de quelques textes en langue vernaculaire." Thesis, 1985. *"En Auvergne au XVe siècle: le chanoine Roger Benoiton et ses livres." In ''Mélanges André Vernet'', ed. Anne-Marie Chagny-Sève (1998) p.&nbsp;421-466. *Un enseignement de vie chrétienne du XIII siècle et sa postérité: la "Regle des coeurs ordonnés." ''Romania'' 124.3 (2006) p.&nbsp;324-360. *"L'essor des bibliothèques privées aux XIVe et XVe siècles." ''Histoire des Bibliothèques françaises'' 1 (1989) p.&nbsp;215-263. *''Études de lexicologie et dialectologie'' ed. {{Interlanguage link|Jacqueline Picoche|fr}}; Nelly Andrieux-Reix; Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: Conseil international de la langue française, 1995. *"Un exemple d'accommodation linguistique au début du XVIe siècle." In ''Les formes du sens : études de linguistique française, médiévale et générale offertes à Robert Martin à l'occasion de ses 60 ans'' (Louvain: Duculot, 1997) p.&nbsp;167-174. *"Une exposition 'humaniste' du ''Pater'' en langue d'oïl du XIIIe siècle. In ''Religion et mentalités au Moyen Âge : mélanges en l'honneur d'Hervé Martin.'' ([[Presses Universitaires de Rennes]], 2003) p. 271-281. *"Un faux Pierre de Luxembourg, un vrai Arnoul de Bohéries un Isidore travesti dans la bibliothèque de Marguerite d'York." In ''Miscellanea in memoriam Pierre Cockshaw (1938-2008) : aspects de la vie culturelle dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux (XIVe-XVIIIe siècle) = aspecten van het culturele leven in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden (14de-18de eeuw)'' (Bruxelles : Archives et Bibliothèques de Belgique, 2009.2009) p.&nbsp;175-193. *"Gace de La Bigne, maître chapelain de trois rois de France." In ''Mélanges Félix Lecoy'' (1973) p.&nbsp;181-192. *''Introduction à l'ancien français'', by Guy Raynaud de Lage, revised by Geneviève Hasenohr. Paris: SEDES, 1990 and 1993. {{ISBN|2718116536}} and {{ISBN|978-2718116532}}. *"Isidore de Séville, [[auteur]] ascétique 'français'?" ''Romania'' vol. 128 (2010) p.&nbsp;299-351 and vol. 129 (2011) p.&nbsp;23-56. *"'Lacrimae pondera vocis habent': Typologie des larmes dans la littérature de spiritualité française des XIIIe-XVe siècles." ''Le Moyen Français'' 37.1 (2009): 45-63. *''Les langues du sud: entre érosion et émergence'', ed. Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, Toulouse, 2001. Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 2004. {{ISBN|9782735505425}}. *''Lettres communes'', by Pope Urban 5, Tome 3, fasc. 2, ed. Pierre Botineau, Danielle Gaborit, Nicole Gotteri, Geneviève Hasenohr, Anne-Marie Hayez, Chantal Reydellet et François-Charles Uginet ; sous la dir. de Michel Hayez. École française de Rome (Rome), 1976. Bibliothèque des Ecoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome. 3e série, ''Lettres communes des papes du 14e siècle'' num. 5 bis, p.&nbsp;383-672. *"La littérature religieuse." ''La littérature française aux XIVe et XVe siècles. Grundriss der romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters''. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1988. 266-305. *"La locution verbale figure dans l'oeuvre de Jean Le Fèvre." ''Le Moyen français'' 14/15 (1984) p. 229-281 *"Un manuscrit autographe de l'"Instruction de la vie mortelle" de Jean Baudouin de Rosiéres-aux-Salines." ''Romania'' 104 (1983) p. 257-260. *"Méditation méthodique et mnemonique: un témoignage figuré ancien (XIIIe - XIVe siècles)." In ''Mélanges Jacques Stiennon'' (1982) p. 365-382. *"Modèles de vie féminine dans la littérature morale et religieuse d'oc." In ''La femme dans la vie religieuse du Languedoc'' (1986) p. 153-170. *"Note sur un fragment de la ''Naissance du chevalier au cygne (Beatrix)''" ''Romania'' 115 (1997) p. 250-258. *"Note sur un lexique technique monolingue de la fin du XVe siècle." ''Romania'' 105 (1984) p. 114-129. *"Note sur une ancienne traduction lorraine (XIIe siècle ?) du ''Benjamin minor''." ''Revue d'histoire des textes'' 21 (1991) p. 237-242. *"Note sur une traduction française de la ''Règle de Saint Benoît'' à Saint-Germain-des-Prés (14.-16. siècles)." ''Le livre et l'historien: études offertes en l'honneur du professeur Henri-Jean Martin'', ed. Frédéric Barbier, et al. (date?) p. 25-39. *"Un nouveau témoignage de la concurrence entre futur II et subjonctif imparfait en moyen français." In ''Mélanges Jacques Chaurand'' (1995) p. 43-48. *''Œuvres complètes de Marguerite de Navarre'', vol. 4, ''Théâtre'', ed. Nicole Cazauran, "édition critique établie, présentée et annotée par Geneviève Hasenohr et Olivier Millet." Paris: Honoré Champion, 2002. *"Les origines monastiques. Le rythme et la versification. Les chansons de geste. Les romans en vers." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p. 231-243. *"Les prologues des textes de dévotion en langue française (XIIIe-XVe siècles): formes et fonctions." In ''Les prologues médiévaux'' (2000) p. 593-638. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/mefr_0223-4874_1970_num_82_1_7603 "Un recueil inédit de lettres de direction spirituelle du XVe siècle : le manuscrit Vat. lat. 11259 de la Bibliothèque Vaticane."] ''Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire'' 82.1 (1970) p. 401-500. *"Les recueils littéraires français du XIIIe siècle: public et finalité." In ''Codices Miscellanearum'' (Brussels: Van Hulthem Colloquium, 1999) p. 37-50. *"Les recueils lyriques. Les manuscrits théâtraux. Vers une nouvelle esthétique." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (Paris : Editions du Cercle de la librairie-Promodis, 1990) p.&nbsp;329-352. *"''Le respit de la mort'' par Jean Le Fèvre," Thesis by Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: A. and J. Picard, 1969. [http://www.persee.fr/web/ouvrages/home/prescript/article/ephe_0000-0001_1969_num_1_1_5428?luceneQuery=%28%2B%28authors%3AHasenohr^5.0%29+%2B%28authors%3AGenevieve^5.0%29%29+AND+%28+%2BarticleType%3A%28notecritique%29+%2Baccess_right%3A%28free%29+%29&words=Hasenohr&words=Genevieve&words=notecritique&words=free Summary]. *“Retour sur les caractères linguistiques du manuscrit de Chantilly et de ses ancêtres” (avec 8 pages de corrections à l'édition Guarnieri/Verdeyen). In ''Marguerite Porete et le “Miroir des simples âmes”: Perspectives historiques, philosophiques et littéraires'', ed. Sean L., Field, Robert E. Lerner, and Sylvain Piron, Paris: Vrin, 2014. p.&nbsp;103-126. {{ISBN|9782711625246}}. *''Pages manuscrites de la littérature médiévale''. By Geneviève Hasenohr and Michel Zink. Paris: Librairie Générale Française / Le Livre de Poche, 1999. *''Paléographie du Moyen Âge.'' By [[Jacques Stiennon]] and Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: Armand Colin, 1973 and 1982 and 1991. *"Une ''Passion'' provençale inédite du XIVe siècle." In ''Mélanges Jean Duvernoy'' (2005) p.&nbsp;207-231. *''Pierre Crapillet, recteur de l'Hôpital du Saint-Esprit de Dijon''. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut d'études médiévales de l'Université catholique de Louvain, 1984. *"Place et rôle des traductions dans la pastorale française du XVe siècle." In ''Traduction et traducteurs au Moyen Age,'' ed. Geneviève Contamine. Paris: Editions du CNRS, 1989. 265-275. *"La prédication aux fidéles dans la première moitié du XIIe siècle: l'enseignement des sermons "'limousins'." ''Romania'' 116 (1998): 34-71. *"La prose." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p.&nbsp;264-271. *Quelques opuscules spirituels du XIIIe siècle en langue d'oc (ms. Egerton 945)." In ''Mélanges Nicole Cazauran'' (2002) p. 493-509. *"Un recueil de "distinctiones" bilingue du début du XIVe siècle: le manuscrit 99 de la Bibliothèque municipale de Charleville." ''Romania'' vol. 99 (1978) p. 47-96 and p. 183-206. *"Réflexions sur la genèse du ''Livre des oraisons''." In ''Froissart à la cour de Béarn: l’écrivain, les arts et le pouvoir'', ed. Valérie Fasseur. Series Texte, Codex & Contexte. Turnhout: Brepols, 2009, pages 223-247. {{ISBN|978-2-503-52867-0}} (Print) and 978-2-503-53889-1. *"Religious Reading Amongst the Laity in France in the Fifteenth Century." ''Heresy and Literacy, 1000-1530,'' ed. Peter Biller and Anne Hudson. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1996. p.&nbsp;205-221. *"Représentations et lectures de la Nativité à l'aube de la Renaissance." In ''Marguerite de Navarre 1492-1992. Actes du colloque international de Pau'' (Saint-Pierre-du-Mont, 1995) p.&nbsp;365-401. *“La seconde vie du ''Miroir des simples âmes'' en France : Le ''Livre de la discipline d’amour'' (XVe-XVIIIe s.)” (avec édition d'extraits du ''Livre de la discipline d’amour''). In ''Marguerite Porete et le “Miroir des simples âmes”: Perspectives historiques, philosophiques et littéraires'', ed. Sean L., Field, Robert E. Lerner, and Sylvain Piron, Paris: Vrin, 2014. p.&nbsp;263-317. {{ISBN|9782711625246}}. *"Le sermon sur la passion de Jean Courtecuisse: étude de la tradition manuscrite et édition." Montréal: Éditions CERES, 1985. ''Le Moyen Français'' 16 (1985-1986):&nbsp;7-114. *"Le "Stabat mater dolorosa": poésie et spiritualité aux derniers siècles du moyen âge." ''La Maison-Dieu'' 176 (1989) p. 81-115. *"Si 'de picart en franczoys': de l'ancien au moyen français." (source & date?) p.&nbsp;145-152. *"La société ecclésiale selon le chancelier Gerson: Typologies et vocabulaire." In ''Pfaffen und Laien - ein mittelalterlicher Antagonismus?'' (1999) p.&nbsp;209-234. *"Sur une ancienne traduction lorraine (XIIe s.?) du Beniamin minor." ''Revue d'histoire des textes'' 21 (1991):&nbsp;237-242. *"Les systèmes de repérage textuel." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p.&nbsp;272-287/ *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1999_num_143_4_16088 "La tradition du ''Miroir des simples âmes'' au XVe siècle: de Marguerite Porète († 1310) à Marguerite de Navarre."] ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'' 4 (1999): 1347-1366. *''Tradition du texte et tradition de l'image: à propos d'un programme d'illustration du Theodolet''. Ghent: E. Story-Scientia, 1979. *"Les traductions françaises du ''Stabat mater dolorosa''." ''Recherches Augustiniennes et patristiques'' 24 (January 1989) p.&nbsp;241-355. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/mefr_0223-4874_1967_num_79_1_7539 "Les traductions médiévales françaises et italiennes des ''Soliloques'' attribués à Saint-Augustin."] Rome: Ecole Française de Rome; Paris: De Boccard, 1967. *"Les traductions romanes du ''Civitate Dei''." Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 1975. ''Les traductions romanes du'' De Civitate Dei. ''I - La traduction italienne. Revue d'histoire des textes'' 5 (1975) p.&nbsp;169-238. *"Traductions et littérature en langue vulgaire." ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit. VIII'' ed. Martin and Vezin. Paris, 1990, p.&nbsp;229-352. *"Typologie spirituelle et morphologie lexicale. Remarques sur le vocabulaire français de la solitude (XIIe-XVe siècles)." ''Cultura neolatina'' 62.3-4 (2002) p.&nbsp;229-245. *"Variation régionale, réception des textes et localisation des témoins quelques remarques à propos d'un manuscrit occitan du premier quart du XIVe siècle. " In ''Les langues du Sud'' (2004) p.&nbsp;43-50. *"Vie culturelle et vie spirituelle des hôpitaux bourguignons dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle." ''Les sources littéraires et leurs publics dans l'espace bourguignon (XIVe-XVIe s.) : Recontres de Middelbourg/Bergen-op-Zoom (27 au 30 septembre 1990)''. 31.1 (Neuchâtel : Centre européen d'études bourguignonnes, 1991) : 93-100. *"La vie quotidienne de la femme vue par l'Église au bas Moyen Âge." ''Medium Aevum Quotidianum'' 4 (1984) p.&nbsp;17-20. *"La vie quotidienne de la femme vue par l'Église: l'enseignement des "journées chrétiennes" de la fin du Moyen Age." In ''Frau und spätmittelalterlicher Alltag'' (Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1986) p.&nbsp;19-101. ==Edensibịa== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hasenohr, Genevieve}} [[Category: Living people]] [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị]] senx9pda2y8uyj5ltsx1b94psgpg790 655755 655737 2026-06-14T16:28:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ọkà mmụta French nke na-amụ asụsụ na ederede ochie (amụrụ na 1942)}} '''Geneviève Hasenohr''' (amụrụ na 3 Julaị 1942) bụ onye France na-amụ [[philology|filọlọjị]] na ọkà mmụta ama ama nke [[medieval French literature|akwụkwọ French nke oge etiti]] na nke oge Renaissance. Ọ bụ onye dere ma ọ bụ nyere aka n’ide ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri anọ, dee ihe ruru edemede agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha akwụkwọ iri ise ma ọ bụ karịa, ma kwadebe ọtụtụ mbipụta agụmakwụkwọ. O nyere aka n’akwụkwọ abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n’ọhịa ọmụmụ akwụkwọ French nke oge etiti. Otu n’ime ha bụ ''Introduction à l'ancien français'', nke Guy Raynaud de Lage dere ma Hasenohr megharịa.<ref>(Paris: SEDES, 1990 and 1993. {{ISBN|2718116536}} and {{ISBN|978-2718116532}})</ref> Ya na [[:fr:Michel Zink|Michel Zink]], o megharịrị mpịakọta nke mbụ nke nnukwu akwụkwọ ''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises'',<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28082636 Dictionnaire des lettres françaises]</ref> nke nwere isiokwu nta ''Le Moyen Age''.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/431449238 Le Moyen Age]</ref><ref>(Paris: Fayard, 1992, {{ISBN|2253056626}} / {{ISBN|978-2253056621}})</ref> Zink na Hasenohr bụkwa ndị nchịkọta ọnụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ mba ụwa ''Romania''.<ref>[http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/michel-zink/romania_revue.htm Romania]</ref> Mbipụta mbụ ya pụtara n'okpuru aha Geneviève Esnos; mgbe ahụ, site na 1969 ruo 2002, ọtụtụ ọrụ ya pụtara n'okpuru aha Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos.<ref>[https://www.google.com/#q=inauthor:%22Genevi%C3%A8ve+Hasenohr-Esnos%22&tbm=bksGeneviève Hasenohr-Esnos]</ref> Ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụ prọfesọ na [[University of Paris (post-1970)|Mahadum Sorbonne]] dị na Paris na ngalaba Roman nke Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irht.cnrs.fr/en/ |title=Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes |access-date=9 January 2014 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109115827/http://www.irht.cnrs.fr/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> nke [[Centre National de Recherche Scientifique]] (CNRS) dị na Paris. Ọ ka na-enwe mmekọrịta ọrụ na [[Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes]] na Centre de recherche sur la création littéraire en France à la Renaissance.<ref>[http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/en/%20Centre de recherche sur la création littéraire en France à la Renaissance]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kwanyere ya ugwu dịka Knight nke [[National Order of Merit (France)]], nakwa dịka [[Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Chevalier des Palmes académiques]]. Kemgbe afọ 2000, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya (correspondent) nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20140109071700/http://www.aibl.fr/membres/liste-des-correspondants-francais/article/hasenohr-genevieve?lang=fr Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109071700/http://www.aibl.fr/membres/liste-des-correspondants-francais/article/hasenohr-genevieve?lang=fr |date=9 January 2014 }}. Prọfesọ Hasenohr ka na-ebipụta ọmụmụ miri emi banyere akwụkwọ aka Latin na French, ma bụrụ ọkachamara n’ihe gbasara [[philology|filọlọjị]], [[paleography|palịọgrafi]], [[French literature|akwụkwọ French]], [[Christian spirituality|mmụọ nsọ Kraịst]], na [[women's literature|edemede ụmụ nwanyị]]. ==Akwụkwọ edemede ahọpụtara== *"A propos de la ''Vie de Nostre Benoit Saulveur Jhesus Crist''." ''Romania'' 102 (1981): 352-391. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/lfr_0023-8368_1998_num_119_1_6257 "Abréviations et frontières de mots."] ''Langue Française'' 119, ''Segments graphiques du français: Pratiques et normalisations dans l'histoire'' (September 1998): 24-29. *"Les anciennes traductions italiennes du ''De civitate dei''". Thesis, 1968. *"Aperçu sur la diffusion et la réception de la littérature de spiritualité en langue française au dernier siècle du Moyen Age," ''Wissenorganisierende und wissensvermittelnde Literatur im Mittelalter'', ed. Norbert Richard Wolf (Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1987), 57-90. *"[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1991_num_77_198_3509?luceneQuery=%28%2B%28content%3AHasenohr+title%3AHasenohr^2.0+fullContent%3AHasenohr^100.0+fullTitle%3AHasenohr^140.0+summary%3AHasenohr+authors%3AHasenohr^5.0+illustrations%3AHasenohr^4.0+bibrefs%3AHasenohr^4.0+toctitles%3AHasenohr^4.0+toctitles1%3AHasenohr^3.0+toctitles2%3AHasenohr^2.0+toctitles3%3AHasenohr%29%29+AND+%28+%2BarticleType%3A%28article%29+%2Baccess_right%3A%28free%29+%29&words=Hasenohr&words=100&words=140&words=article&words=free Aspects de la littérature de spiritualité en langue française], 1480-1520." ''Revue de l'histoire de l'église en France'' 77 (1991): 29-45. *"Bible française." In ''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises. Le Moyen Âge'' (1992) p.&nbsp;179-196. *"Bibles et psautiers." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p.&nbsp;316-327. *"Le christianisme méridional au miroir de sa littérature (XIIIe-XIVe siècles)." ''Heresis'' 11 (1988): 29-40. *"Copistes italiens du ''Lancelot'': le manuscrit fr. 354 de la Bibl. Nationale." In ''Lancelot, Lanzelet. Hier et aujourdhui'' (1995) p.&nbsp;219-226. *"Le Credo apostolique dans la littérature française du Moyen Âge." In ''Pensée, image et communication en Europe médiévale'' (1993) p.&nbsp;175-178. *''Culture et travail intellectuel dans l'occident médiéval: bilan des "Colloques d'humanisme médiéval (1960-1980) fondés par le R.P. Hubert, O.P.,'' ed. Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos and Jean Longère. Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1981. *''Le'' Cur Deus homo ''d'Anselme de Canterbury et le'' De arrha animae ''de Hugues de Saint-Victor'', ed. Pierre Crapillet; Geneviève Hasenohr; Robert Bultot. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut d'études médiévales de l'Université catholique de Louvain, 1984. *"De l'écriture à la lecture: réflexion sur les manuscrits d'''Erec et Enide.'' In ''Les Manuscrits de Chrétien de Troyes'' ed. Françoise Gasparri and Christine Ruby (1993) Pt. 1, p. 97-148. *"Deux chansons franciscaines françaises du XIIIe siècle." ''Revista portuguesa de história do livro'' 10 (2007) p. 35-69. *''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises'' volume 1, ''Le moyen âge'', by Georges François-Xavier Marie Grente, Robert Bossuat, Louis Pichard, and Guy Raynaud de Lage. Revised by [[Michel Zink]] and Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: Le Livre de Poche / Fayard, 1992. Also 1994 edition "Ed. entièrement revue et mise à jour sous la dir. de Geneviève Hasenohr." *"Dire la verité", "oir la verité": quelle vérité ? À propos de quelques occurrences de vérité relevées dans les sermons de Gerson." ''La transmission des savoirs au Moyen Âge et à la Renaissance'' 1 (2005) p. 13-28. *"Discours vernaculaire et autorités latines. In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p. 289-315. *"Le dit de l'arbre." In ''Ensi firent li ancessor : mélanges de philologie médiévale offerts à Marc-René Jung'' (Alessandria : Edizioni dell'Orso, 1996) p.&nbsp;559-572. *"Un ''Donat'' de dévotion en langue d'oc du XIIIe siècle: le ''Liber divini amoris''." ''Eglise et culture en France méridionale'', ed. Jacques Monfrin (2000) p.&nbsp;219-243. *"Du bon usage de la galette des rois." ''Romania'' 114 (1996) p.&nbsp;445-467. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_2006_num_150_2_87096%20 "D’une « poésie de béguine » à une « poétique des béguines ». Aperçus sur la forme et la reception des textes (France, XIIIe-XIVe s.)."] ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres'' 150 (2006) p.&nbsp;913-943. *"Écrire en latin, ecrire en roman: réflexions sur la pratique des abréviations dans les manuscrits francais des XIIe et XIIIe siècles." In ''Langages et peuples d'Europe'' (2002) p.&nbsp;79-110. *"Écrits moraux et lectures religieuses à la fin du Moyen âge: étude et édition de quelques textes en langue vernaculaire." Thesis, 1985. *"En Auvergne au XVe siècle: le chanoine Roger Benoiton et ses livres." In ''Mélanges André Vernet'', ed. Anne-Marie Chagny-Sève (1998) p.&nbsp;421-466. *Un enseignement de vie chrétienne du XIII siècle et sa postérité: la "Regle des coeurs ordonnés." ''Romania'' 124.3 (2006) p.&nbsp;324-360. *"L'essor des bibliothèques privées aux XIVe et XVe siècles." ''Histoire des Bibliothèques françaises'' 1 (1989) p.&nbsp;215-263. *''Études de lexicologie et dialectologie'' ed. {{Interlanguage link|Jacqueline Picoche|fr}}; Nelly Andrieux-Reix; Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: Conseil international de la langue française, 1995. *"Un exemple d'accommodation linguistique au début du XVIe siècle." In ''Les formes du sens : études de linguistique française, médiévale et générale offertes à Robert Martin à l'occasion de ses 60 ans'' (Louvain: Duculot, 1997) p.&nbsp;167-174. *"Une exposition 'humaniste' du ''Pater'' en langue d'oïl du XIIIe siècle. In ''Religion et mentalités au Moyen Âge : mélanges en l'honneur d'Hervé Martin.'' ([[Presses Universitaires de Rennes]], 2003) p. 271-281. *"Un faux Pierre de Luxembourg, un vrai Arnoul de Bohéries un Isidore travesti dans la bibliothèque de Marguerite d'York." In ''Miscellanea in memoriam Pierre Cockshaw (1938-2008) : aspects de la vie culturelle dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux (XIVe-XVIIIe siècle) = aspecten van het culturele leven in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden (14de-18de eeuw)'' (Bruxelles : Archives et Bibliothèques de Belgique, 2009.2009) p.&nbsp;175-193. *"Gace de La Bigne, maître chapelain de trois rois de France." In ''Mélanges Félix Lecoy'' (1973) p.&nbsp;181-192. *''Introduction à l'ancien français'', by Guy Raynaud de Lage, revised by Geneviève Hasenohr. Paris: SEDES, 1990 and 1993. {{ISBN|2718116536}} and {{ISBN|978-2718116532}}. *"Isidore de Séville, [[auteur]] ascétique 'français'?" ''Romania'' vol. 128 (2010) p.&nbsp;299-351 and vol. 129 (2011) p.&nbsp;23-56. *"'Lacrimae pondera vocis habent': Typologie des larmes dans la littérature de spiritualité française des XIIIe-XVe siècles." ''Le Moyen Français'' 37.1 (2009): 45-63. *''Les langues du sud: entre érosion et émergence'', ed. Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, Toulouse, 2001. Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 2004. {{ISBN|9782735505425}}. *''Lettres communes'', by Pope Urban 5, Tome 3, fasc. 2, ed. Pierre Botineau, Danielle Gaborit, Nicole Gotteri, Geneviève Hasenohr, Anne-Marie Hayez, Chantal Reydellet et François-Charles Uginet ; sous la dir. de Michel Hayez. École française de Rome (Rome), 1976. Bibliothèque des Ecoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome. 3e série, ''Lettres communes des papes du 14e siècle'' num. 5 bis, p.&nbsp;383-672. *"La littérature religieuse." ''La littérature française aux XIVe et XVe siècles. Grundriss der romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters''. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1988. 266-305. *"La locution verbale figure dans l'oeuvre de Jean Le Fèvre." ''Le Moyen français'' 14/15 (1984) p. 229-281 *"Un manuscrit autographe de l'"Instruction de la vie mortelle" de Jean Baudouin de Rosiéres-aux-Salines." ''Romania'' 104 (1983) p. 257-260. *"Méditation méthodique et mnemonique: un témoignage figuré ancien (XIIIe - XIVe siècles)." In ''Mélanges Jacques Stiennon'' (1982) p. 365-382. *"Modèles de vie féminine dans la littérature morale et religieuse d'oc." In ''La femme dans la vie religieuse du Languedoc'' (1986) p. 153-170. *"Note sur un fragment de la ''Naissance du chevalier au cygne (Beatrix)''" ''Romania'' 115 (1997) p. 250-258. *"Note sur un lexique technique monolingue de la fin du XVe siècle." ''Romania'' 105 (1984) p. 114-129. *"Note sur une ancienne traduction lorraine (XIIe siècle ?) du ''Benjamin minor''." ''Revue d'histoire des textes'' 21 (1991) p. 237-242. *"Note sur une traduction française de la ''Règle de Saint Benoît'' à Saint-Germain-des-Prés (14.-16. siècles)." ''Le livre et l'historien: études offertes en l'honneur du professeur Henri-Jean Martin'', ed. Frédéric Barbier, et al. (date?) p. 25-39. *"Un nouveau témoignage de la concurrence entre futur II et subjonctif imparfait en moyen français." In ''Mélanges Jacques Chaurand'' (1995) p. 43-48. *''Œuvres complètes de Marguerite de Navarre'', vol. 4, ''Théâtre'', ed. Nicole Cazauran, "édition critique établie, présentée et annotée par Geneviève Hasenohr et Olivier Millet." Paris: Honoré Champion, 2002. *"Les origines monastiques. Le rythme et la versification. Les chansons de geste. Les romans en vers." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p. 231-243. *"Les prologues des textes de dévotion en langue française (XIIIe-XVe siècles): formes et fonctions." In ''Les prologues médiévaux'' (2000) p. 593-638. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/mefr_0223-4874_1970_num_82_1_7603 "Un recueil inédit de lettres de direction spirituelle du XVe siècle : le manuscrit Vat. lat. 11259 de la Bibliothèque Vaticane."] ''Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire'' 82.1 (1970) p. 401-500. *"Les recueils littéraires français du XIIIe siècle: public et finalité." In ''Codices Miscellanearum'' (Brussels: Van Hulthem Colloquium, 1999) p. 37-50. *"Les recueils lyriques. Les manuscrits théâtraux. Vers une nouvelle esthétique." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (Paris : Editions du Cercle de la librairie-Promodis, 1990) p.&nbsp;329-352. *"''Le respit de la mort'' par Jean Le Fèvre," Thesis by Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: A. and J. Picard, 1969. [http://www.persee.fr/web/ouvrages/home/prescript/article/ephe_0000-0001_1969_num_1_1_5428?luceneQuery=%28%2B%28authors%3AHasenohr^5.0%29+%2B%28authors%3AGenevieve^5.0%29%29+AND+%28+%2BarticleType%3A%28notecritique%29+%2Baccess_right%3A%28free%29+%29&words=Hasenohr&words=Genevieve&words=notecritique&words=free Summary]. *“Retour sur les caractères linguistiques du manuscrit de Chantilly et de ses ancêtres” (avec 8 pages de corrections à l'édition Guarnieri/Verdeyen). In ''Marguerite Porete et le “Miroir des simples âmes”: Perspectives historiques, philosophiques et littéraires'', ed. Sean L., Field, Robert E. Lerner, and Sylvain Piron, Paris: Vrin, 2014. p.&nbsp;103-126. {{ISBN|9782711625246}}. *''Pages manuscrites de la littérature médiévale''. By Geneviève Hasenohr and Michel Zink. Paris: Librairie Générale Française / Le Livre de Poche, 1999. *''Paléographie du Moyen Âge.'' By [[Jacques Stiennon]] and Geneviève Hasenohr-Esnos. Paris: Armand Colin, 1973 and 1982 and 1991. *"Une ''Passion'' provençale inédite du XIVe siècle." In ''Mélanges Jean Duvernoy'' (2005) p.&nbsp;207-231. *''Pierre Crapillet, recteur de l'Hôpital du Saint-Esprit de Dijon''. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut d'études médiévales de l'Université catholique de Louvain, 1984. *"Place et rôle des traductions dans la pastorale française du XVe siècle." In ''Traduction et traducteurs au Moyen Age,'' ed. Geneviève Contamine. Paris: Editions du CNRS, 1989. 265-275. *"La prédication aux fidéles dans la première moitié du XIIe siècle: l'enseignement des sermons "'limousins'." ''Romania'' 116 (1998): 34-71. *"La prose." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p.&nbsp;264-271. *Quelques opuscules spirituels du XIIIe siècle en langue d'oc (ms. Egerton 945)." In ''Mélanges Nicole Cazauran'' (2002) p. 493-509. *"Un recueil de "distinctiones" bilingue du début du XIVe siècle: le manuscrit 99 de la Bibliothèque municipale de Charleville." ''Romania'' vol. 99 (1978) p. 47-96 and p. 183-206. *"Réflexions sur la genèse du ''Livre des oraisons''." In ''Froissart à la cour de Béarn: l’écrivain, les arts et le pouvoir'', ed. Valérie Fasseur. Series Texte, Codex & Contexte. Turnhout: Brepols, 2009, pages 223-247. {{ISBN|978-2-503-52867-0}} (Print) and 978-2-503-53889-1. *"Religious Reading Amongst the Laity in France in the Fifteenth Century." ''Heresy and Literacy, 1000-1530,'' ed. Peter Biller and Anne Hudson. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1996. p.&nbsp;205-221. *"Représentations et lectures de la Nativité à l'aube de la Renaissance." In ''Marguerite de Navarre 1492-1992. Actes du colloque international de Pau'' (Saint-Pierre-du-Mont, 1995) p.&nbsp;365-401. *“La seconde vie du ''Miroir des simples âmes'' en France : Le ''Livre de la discipline d’amour'' (XVe-XVIIIe s.)” (avec édition d'extraits du ''Livre de la discipline d’amour''). In ''Marguerite Porete et le “Miroir des simples âmes”: Perspectives historiques, philosophiques et littéraires'', ed. Sean L., Field, Robert E. Lerner, and Sylvain Piron, Paris: Vrin, 2014. p.&nbsp;263-317. {{ISBN|9782711625246}}. *"Le sermon sur la passion de Jean Courtecuisse: étude de la tradition manuscrite et édition." Montréal: Éditions CERES, 1985. ''Le Moyen Français'' 16 (1985-1986):&nbsp;7-114. *"Le "Stabat mater dolorosa": poésie et spiritualité aux derniers siècles du moyen âge." ''La Maison-Dieu'' 176 (1989) p. 81-115. *"Si 'de picart en franczoys': de l'ancien au moyen français." (source & date?) p.&nbsp;145-152. *"La société ecclésiale selon le chancelier Gerson: Typologies et vocabulaire." In ''Pfaffen und Laien - ein mittelalterlicher Antagonismus?'' (1999) p.&nbsp;209-234. *"Sur une ancienne traduction lorraine (XIIe s.?) du Beniamin minor." ''Revue d'histoire des textes'' 21 (1991):&nbsp;237-242. *"Les systèmes de repérage textuel." In ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit'' (1990) p.&nbsp;272-287/ *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1999_num_143_4_16088 "La tradition du ''Miroir des simples âmes'' au XVe siècle: de Marguerite Porète († 1310) à Marguerite de Navarre."] ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'' 4 (1999): 1347-1366. *''Tradition du texte et tradition de l'image: à propos d'un programme d'illustration du Theodolet''. Ghent: E. Story-Scientia, 1979. *"Les traductions françaises du ''Stabat mater dolorosa''." ''Recherches Augustiniennes et patristiques'' 24 (January 1989) p.&nbsp;241-355. *[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/mefr_0223-4874_1967_num_79_1_7539 "Les traductions médiévales françaises et italiennes des ''Soliloques'' attribués à Saint-Augustin."] Rome: Ecole Française de Rome; Paris: De Boccard, 1967. *"Les traductions romanes du ''Civitate Dei''." Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 1975. ''Les traductions romanes du'' De Civitate Dei. ''I - La traduction italienne. Revue d'histoire des textes'' 5 (1975) p.&nbsp;169-238. *"Traductions et littérature en langue vulgaire." ''Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit. VIII'' ed. Martin and Vezin. Paris, 1990, p.&nbsp;229-352. *"Typologie spirituelle et morphologie lexicale. Remarques sur le vocabulaire français de la solitude (XIIe-XVe siècles)." ''Cultura neolatina'' 62.3-4 (2002) p.&nbsp;229-245. *"Variation régionale, réception des textes et localisation des témoins quelques remarques à propos d'un manuscrit occitan du premier quart du XIVe siècle. " In ''Les langues du Sud'' (2004) p.&nbsp;43-50. *"Vie culturelle et vie spirituelle des hôpitaux bourguignons dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle." ''Les sources littéraires et leurs publics dans l'espace bourguignon (XIVe-XVIe s.) : Recontres de Middelbourg/Bergen-op-Zoom (27 au 30 septembre 1990)''. 31.1 (Neuchâtel : Centre européen d'études bourguignonnes, 1991) : 93-100. *"La vie quotidienne de la femme vue par l'Église au bas Moyen Âge." ''Medium Aevum Quotidianum'' 4 (1984) p.&nbsp;17-20. *"La vie quotidienne de la femme vue par l'Église: l'enseignement des "journées chrétiennes" de la fin du Moyen Age." In ''Frau und spätmittelalterlicher Alltag'' (Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1986) p.&nbsp;19-101. ==Edensibịa== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hasenohr, Genevieve}} [[Category: Living people]] [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị]] gcnmzs20oqmu5ucu2y4fofie9jolbzq 0 76559 655795 654614 2026-06-14T19:59:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Flag of Greenland.svg|thumb|Greenland]] '''Greenland''' bụ ókèala nwere ọchịchị nke ya n’ime Alaeze [[Denmark]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://denmark.dk/people-and-culture/greenland|title=Greenland: The world's largest island|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=14 January 2024|archive-date=20 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220232126/https://denmark.dk/people-and-culture/greenland|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Multiple sources:</ref> ma bụrụ nke kachasị ukwuu n’ime akụkụ atọ mejupụtara alaeze ahụ n’ihe gbasara ịdị ukwuu ala, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ Denmark n’onwe ya na Agwaetiti Faroe. Ndị bi na Greenland bụ ụmụ amaala Denmark. Ya mere, ha bụ ụmụ amaala nke European Union (EU), n’agbanyeghị na Greenland abụghị akụkụ nke EU. Ọ bụ agwaetiti kachasị ukwuu n’ụwa ma dị n’etiti Oké Osimiri Arctic na Oké Osimiri Atlantic, n’akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Agbakọta Agwaetiti Arctic nke [[Kánada|Canada]]. Ọ na-ekerịta obere ókèala dị kilomita 1.2 (0.75 mi) na Canada n’Agwaetiti Hans. Isi obodo na obodo kachasị ukwuu bụ Nuuk.<ref name="worldfactbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/|title=Greenland|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=13 January 2021|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109162939/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/|accessdate=8 June 2026|archivedate=13 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513214534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/}}</ref> Agwaetiti Kaffeklubben, nke dị n’akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu, bụ ebe ala kachasị nso n’Ugwu Ugwu n’ụwa nke a na-enweghị esemokwu banyere ya – a na-eche na Cape Morris Jesup, nke dị n’agwaetiti bụ isi, bụ ya ruo n’afọ ndị 1960. N’ihe gbasara akụ na ụba, Greenland na-adabere nke ukwuu na enyemaka sitere na Denmark, nke ruru nkezi ijeri kr. 5.4 (€724 nde) kwa afọ n’etiti afọ 2019 na 2023, nke karịrị pasent 20 nke mkpokọta ngwaahịa ime obodo nke ókèala ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2025|title=Pressure on Greenland for more Danish aid, U.S. presence|url=https://www.financialmirror.com/2025/01/20/pressure-on-greenland-for-more-danish-aid-u-s-presence/|access-date=13 January 2026|website=Financial Mirror|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 0jdfol3zs8pbzs80sbs5xi2tdtrjl1x 1728 76592 655735 655568 2026-06-14T12:45:14Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 655735 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 3rd July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum !Edited Igbo Words !Link https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum !{{Done}} |- |1. | | | | | |- |2. | | | | | |- 2g8h2eez55pbnqmh0526fyltcrodhn0 655736 655735 2026-06-14T13:10:48Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 655736 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 3rd July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. | | | | | |- br6d9n8q15m8abc4bujd21tsenohhrq 0 76596 655827 655609 2026-06-15T09:30:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Iwu Mmetọ Mmanụ nke afọ 1973 maọbụ '''Iwu Mmetọ Mmanụ nke 1973''', 33 USC Isi nke 20 §§ 1001-1011, bụ iwu gọọmentị etiti nke United States nke mezigharịrị Iwu Ọnụọgụgụ iri asaa na ise nke United States. 402. Iwu nke Congress kwadoro nkwa United States iji chịkwaa mwepụ nke ihe ndị na-emetọ mmanụ ọkụ sitere na ụgbọ mmiri na ịnakwere mmachibido iwu nke mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na mmiri ndị gafere ókèala . iwu H.R. 5451 bụ nke United States 93rd Congress gafere ma bụrụ nke onye isi ala nke 37 nke United States Richard Nixon wepụtara n'October 4, 1973. == Akụkọ gbasara OILPOL == Nkwekọrịta Mba niile Maka Mgbochi Mmetọ nke Oké Osimiri na-esite na Mmanụ (OILPOL) bụ ọgbakọ mba ụwa nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] haziri n'afó1954. Emere ọgbakọ ahụ na [[London|London, England]] site n'abalị iri abụọ na isii nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 1954 ruo abalị iri na abụọ nke ọnwa Mee afọ 1954. A kpọkọtara nzukọ mba ụwa a iji mata gbasara mkpofu [[Ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ|ihe mkpofu nwere ike imekpa ahu]] nke nwere ike ibute mmetọ na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe ọdọ mmiri . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/oilpol1954.html|title=International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954|date=May 12, 1954|publisher=Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide|accessdate=December 26, 2013}}</ref> E dere akwụkwọ mbụ nke Nkwekọrịta Mba niile Maka Mgbochi Mmetọ nke Oké Osimiri nas-esite na Mmanụ n'afọ 1954 n'asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] na [[Asụsụ French|French]] . E mezigharịrị [[Nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa|usoro gburugburu ebe obibi]] n'afọ1962, 1969, na 1971. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/oilpolamend1962.html|title=Amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil of 12 May 1954|date=April 11, 1962|publisher=Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide|accessdate=December 26, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/oilpolamend1969.html|title=Amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil of 12 May 1954|date=October 21, 1969|publisher=Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide|accessdate=December 26, 2013}}</ref> Mmezigharị nke OILPOL nke afọ 1971 tinyere ikike oke osimiri a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe maka Great Barrier Reef nke dị na Coral Sea . Mgbanwe nke nkwekọrịta mba ụwa webatara ndokwa njikwa nhazi maka ụgbọ mmiri na-aga n'oké osimiri nke kọwara nhazi nhazi tankị na oke nha tankị maka ụgbọ mmiri na-ebuga ụgbọ mmiri. == Mmwepụ Iwu ahụ == Mmezigharị ndị e mere n'afọ 1973 mere ka Nkwekọrịta Mba Nile Maka Mgbochi Mmetọ nke Oké Osimiri na-esite na Mmanụ, 1954 sikwuo ike site n'ịgbaso mgbanwe nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nke afọ1969 na 1971. === Nkọwa === : ''Ngwakọta mmanụ'' pụtara ngwakọta nwere ihe ọ bụla mmanụ dị na. : ''Mwepụ mmanụ'' n'ihe gbasara ọsọ mwepụta ozugbo nke mmanụ pụtara ọnụego mwepụta mmanụ n'ime lita kwa elekere n'oge ọ bụla e kewara site na ọsọ nke ụgbọ mmiri n'otu oge ahụ. :: A machibidoro iwepụ mmanụ maọbụ ngwakọta mmanụ n'ụgbọmmiri ma ọ gwụla ma. ::: I.) ụgbọ mmiri na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ ::: II.) ọnụego mwepụta mmanụ ozugbo anaghị agafe lita iri isii (13 imp gal; 16 US gal) kwa otu mile (1.6 kilomita) :: A machibidoro iwepụ mmanụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọta mmanụ n'ụgbọ mmiri, ma e wezụga tankị, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ya. ::: I.) mmanụ dị n'ime ihe na-apụta erughị otu narị akụkụ kwa otu nde akụkụ nke ngwakọta ahụ ::: II.) A na-eme ka mmanụ dị n'ime mmiri ahụ dị n'ala kacha nso ruo n'ókè o kwere mee. :: A machibidoro iwepụ mmanụ maọbụ ngwakọta mmanụ site na tankị ma ọ gwụla na ::: I.) Ntupu mmanụ site na oghere igwe ga-abụ nke iwu ndị dị n'elu maka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ na-abụghị tanker ga-achịkwa. ::: II.) Ọnụọgụ mmanụ niile a na-ewepụta n'ụgbọ mmiri balleast agaghị agafe 1/15000 nke ikike ibu ibu niile. ::: III.) Tanka dị ihe karịrị malị iri ise (80 km) site na ala kacha nso : ''Ala kacha nso'' pụtara ihe karịrị maịlị iri ise (80 km) site na ụsọ oké osimiri : ''Odeakwụkwọ'' pụtara Odeakwụkwọ nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke United States Coast Guard === Ụkpụrụ Iwu Ụgbọ Mmiri Tank === : A ga-ewu tankị ndị e wuru na United States dịka iwu nke mgbakwunye C nke Nkwekọrịta Mba Nile maka Mgbochi Mmetọ nke Oké Osimiri site na Mmanụ si dị, dịka emezigharịrị ya n'afọ 1971, gbasara nhazi tankị na mmachi nha tankị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=23129&filename=A246%28VII%29.pdf|title=Amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954 concerning the tank arrangements and limitation of tank size|date=October 15, 1971|publisher=International Maritime Organization (IMO)|accessdate=December 26, 2013|archivedate=August 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828013319/http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=23129&filename=A246(VII).pdf}}</ref> : Ụkpụrụ owuwu ahụ nwere ụbọchị dị irè maka tankị niile e wuru na United States dịka nke a si dị; :: I.) Mbupu nke tankị ahụ bụ mgbe abali mbụ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị 1977 gasịrị :: II.) Mbupu tankị ahụ agaghị agafe Jenụwarị 1, 1977, a ga-etinyekwa nkwekọrịta ụlọ ahụ mgbe Jenụwarị 1, afọ 1972 gasịrị. :: III.) N'ọnọdụ ebe e tinyebeghị nkwekọrịta ụlọ na mbụ, a na-etinye keel ahụ ma ọ bụ tankị ahụ nọ n'ọkwa yiri nke ahụ nke owuwu, mgbe abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa June, 1972 gasịrị. : A chọrọ ka ndị na-anya ụgbọmmiri nke mba Amerịka nwee asambodo nnabata nke na-egosi na e wuru ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dịka mgbakwunye C si dị na nkwekọrịta ahụ dịka nhazi tankị na oke nha tankị si dị. === Mmachibido Iwu Mpaghara === : ''Australian Zone'' - northeastern coast of [[Ostraliya|Australia]] or Queensland designated by a line drawn from a point on the coast of Australia in latitude 11 degrees south, longitude 142 degrees 08 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|11|00|00|S|142|08|00|E}}) to a point in latitude 10 degrees 35 minutes south, longitude 141 degrees 55 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|10|35|00|S|141|55|00|E}}). :: ''Great Barrier Reef'' - Coral reef protection zone of the [[Àlà|Earth's]] largest coral reef system. :: thence to a point latitude 10 degrees 00 minutes south, longitude 142 degrees 00 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|10|00|00|S|142|00|00|E}}) :: thence to a point latitude 9 degrees 10 minutes south, longitude 143 degrees 52 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|9|10|00|S|143|52|00|E}}) :: thence to a point latitude 9 degrees 00 minutes south, longitude 144 degrees 30 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|9|00|00|S|144|30|00|E}}) :: thence to a point latitude 13 degrees 00 minutes south, longitude 144 degrees 00 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|13|00|00|S|144|00|00|E}}) :: thence to a point latitude 15 degrees 00 minutes south, longitude 146 degrees 00 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|15|00|00|S|146|00|00|E}}) :: thence to a point latitude 18 degrees 00 minutes south, longitude 147 degrees 00 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|18|00|00|S|147|00|00|E}}) :: thence to a point latitude 21 degrees 00 minutes south, longitude 153 degrees 00 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|21|00|00|S|153|00|00|E}}) :: thence to a point on the coast of Australia in latitude 24 degrees 42 minutes south, longitude 153 degrees 15 minutes east (<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|24|42|00|S|153|15|00|E}}) === Akwụkwọ Ndekọ Mmanụ === : A ga-emecha akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ n'oge ọ bụla, n'otu oge, site na tankị gaa na tankị, mgbe ọ bụla a na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla n'ime ụgbọ mmiri na tankị. {| border="1" width="35%" ! align="center" |Akwụkwọ Ndekọ Mmanụ Maka Ndị Tankị |- | Aha ụgbọ mmiri ahụ |- | Mkpokọta ikike ibu ibu nke ụgbọ mmiri na cubic mita |- | ''I.) Ibu ibu mmanụ'' |- | Ụbọchị na ebe ebugo ya |- | Ụdị mmanụ e tinyere n'ime ya |- | Njirimara nke tankị(ndị) ebugoro |- | ''II.) Nbufe ibu mmanụ n'oge njem'' |- | Ụbọchị mbufe |- | Njirimara nke tankị(s) |- | (a) ''Site na'' tankị mbufe (s) |- | (b) ''Iji'' bufee tankị (ndị) |- | È nwere (ndị) tankị (ndị) dị na ''(a) Site na tankị mbufe,'' e wụfuru ihe niile? |- | ''III.) Ịwụpụ ibu mmanụ'' |- | Ụbọchị na ebe a chụpụrụ ya |- | Njirimara nke tankị(ndị) a gbapụrụ |- | A kwafuru tankị (ndị) ahụ? |- | ''IV.) Ịgbasa tankị ibu'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị(ndị) e tinyere n'ime ya |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite nke ịgbasa |- | ''V.) Nhicha nke tankị ibu'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị e hichara |- | Ụbọchị na oge nhicha ahụ |- | Ụzọ esi ehicha ihe* |- | Ịsa ihe e ji aka kpụọ, ịsa igwe, ma ọ bụ ihicha kemịkal. Ebe e ji kemịkal ehicha ya, a ga-akọwapụta ọnụọgụ na kemịkal e ji mee ihe n'akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ. |- | ''VI.) Mwepụ nke ballast ruru unyi'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị(s) |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite nke mwepụta gaa n'oké osimiri |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mgbe a kwụsịrị ịpụ n'oké osimiri |- | Ọsọ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge mwepụta ya |- | Ọnụọgụ e tinyere n'oké osimiri |- | Ọnụọgụ mmiri ruru unyi e zigara na tankị slop (chọpụta tankị slop) |- | Ụbọchị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri a ga-esi nabata ndị ọbịa n'ụsọ oké osimiri (ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa) |- | ''VII.) Mmiri na-agbapụ site na tankị mmiri na-agbapụta'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị slop(slop) |- | Oge a ga-edozi site na ntinye ikpeazụ nke ihe fọdụrụ, ma ọ bụ |- | Oge izu ike site na mwepụ ikpeazụ |- | Ụbọchị, oge na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite mwepụta |- | Ịda ụda nke ihe niile dị na mmalite mwepụta |- | Ụda nke interface na mmalite mwepụta |- | Oke ọnụọgụgụ a na-ewepụ na ọnụego mwepụ |- | Ọnụọgụ ikpeazụ ewepụrụ na ọnụego mwepụta |- | Ụbọchị, oge na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na njedebe nke mwepụta |- | Ọsọ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge mwepụta ya |- | Ụda nke njikọ na njedebe nke mwepụta |- | ''VIII.) Mwepụ ihe fọdụrụ'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị(s) |- | Ọnụọgụ a na-atụfu site na tankị ọ bụla |- | Ụzọ e si ewepụ ihe fọdụrụ: |- | (a) Ebe nnabata |- | (b) Gwakọta ya na ibu |- | (c) Ebufere ya na tankị ọzọ (ndị ọzọ) (chọpụta tankị (ndị)) |- | (d) Ụzọ ọzọ |- | Ụbọchị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri e si ekpofu ihe fọdụrụ |- | ''IX.) Wepụta mmiri bilige nwere mmanụ nke gbakọtara n'ime oghere igwe (gụnyere ụlọ mgbapụta)'' |- | Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- | Oge ọnụnọ |- | Ọnụọgụ e tinyere |- | Ụbọchị na ebe a ga-ebufe ihe |- | Ụzọ e si ekpofu ihe (kwuo ma ejiri ihe nkewa mee ihe) |} {| border="1" width="35%" ! align="center" |Akwụkwọ Ndekọ Mmanụ Maka Ụgbọ Mmiri Ndị Ọzọ Na-abụghị Tanker |- | Aha ụgbọ mmiri ahụ |- | ''I.) Ịsachapụ ma ọ bụ ihicha tankị mmanụ ụgbọala bunker na-agba ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-egweri ya'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị(ndị) e tinyere n'ime ya |- | Ma ọ bụ mmanụ e ji mee ya ka ọ dị ọcha kemgbe ikpeazụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, ụdị mmanụ e buburu |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite nhicha |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite nke ịgbasa |- | ''II.) Mwepụ nke ihe ruru unyi ma ọ bụ mmiri nhicha site na tankị'' |- | Njirimara nke tankị(s) |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite nke mwepụta |- | Ụbọchị na ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mgbe mwepụta gasịrị |- | Ọsọ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge mwepụta ya |- | Ụzọ esi ewepụta ihe (kwuo ma ejiri ihe nkesa ahụ) |- | A napụrụ ọnụọgụgụ |- | ''III.) Mwepụ ihe fọdụrụ'' |- | Ọnụọgụ ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ |- | Ụzọ e si ewepụ ihe fọdụrụ: |- | (a) Ebe nnabata |- | (b) agwakọta ya na ebe a na-azụ ihe na-esote |- | (c) Ebufere ya na tankị ọzọ (ndị ọzọ) |- | Ụbọchị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri e si ekpofu ihe fọdụrụ |- | ''IV.) Wepụta mmiri bile nke nwere mmanụ gbakọtara n'ime oghere igwe'' |- | Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- | Oge ọnụnọ |- | Ọnụọgụ e tinyere |- | Ụbọchị na ebe a ga-ebufe ihe |- | Ụzọ e si ekpofu ihe (kwuo ma ejiri ihe nkesa ahụ mee ihe) |} == Iwu Mwepụ nke Mmetọ Mmanụ nke 1973 == E wepụrụ [[Iwu ọha na eze|iwu ọha na eze nke mba Amerịka]] nke afọ 1973 site n'iwepụta Iwu Mgbochi Mmetọ na-esite na Ụgbọ Mmiri n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, afọ 1980. == Leekwa == : Tankị Ballast : Mwepụ mmiri Ballast na gburugburu ebe obibi : Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mbupu : Òtù Mba niile Maka Ụgbọ Mmiri : Iwu Nchedo Mmiri, Nnyocha, na Ebe Nsọ nke 1972 : [[Mgbakọ mba ụwa maka igbochi mmetọ site na|MARPOL 73/78]] : Iwu Mmetọ Mmanụ nke afọ 1924 : Iwu Mmetọ Mmanụ nke afọ 1990 : Iwu ike nke United States == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * International Convention for the Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954, p. 2989, at Google Books * Supplement Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954 as Amended in 1962 and 1969, p. 1, at Google Books *   *   *   *   * {{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/shipboardguideto00unit/|title=Shipboard Guide to Pollution-Free Operations|date=December 1976|work=Internet Archive|publisher=Maritime Administration - U.S. Department of Commerce}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/|title=Automatic Identification System Marine Tracking|work=[[MarineTraffic|MarineTraffic.com]]}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.vesselfinder.com/|title=Automatic Identification System Vessel Tracking|work=VesselFinder.com}} oz9v8nusos01b7vpkg6nlkk8srt6yz4 0 76616 655757 655608 2026-06-14T16:53:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655757 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''George Michael Logothetis''' ( asụsụ Grik : Τζορτζ Μάικλ Λογοθέτης; amụrụ abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1975) bụ onye ọchụnta ego Gris-American. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ ụgbọ mmiri Gris. Logothetis tolitere na London ma biri na New York City kemgbe afọ 2004. Ọ bụ nwa amaala US. <ref>{{cite news |title=TNH's 50 Wealthiest Greek-Americans 2017 List |work=The National Herald |date=8 March 2017 |url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/tnhs-50-wealthiest-greek-americans-2017-list/|accessdate=18 December 2022 }}</ref> Logothetis bụ onyeisi oche nke otu akpọrọ Libra Group, bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa dị iche iche nkeonwe nke o hiwere n'afọ 2003. Ruo n'afọ 2023, Libra Group nwere ma na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka iri na ise gburugburu ụwa, ọkachasị n'ụlọ ọrụ isii bụ: ụgbọ elu, [[ike mmeghari ohuru]], nnabata ọbịa, ala na ụlọ, itinye ego dị iche iche, na ụgbọ mmiri. == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == A mụrụ George Logothetis n'abalị iri na asatọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 1975 na London site n'aka ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị Gris, o tokwara ebe ahụ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Highgate School site n'afo 1987 ruo 1993. Mgbe ọ dị obere, ọ butere [[Meninjaịtis|ọrịa meningitis]], ọrịa nke yiri ndụ ya egwu ma mechaa kpalite nsogbu ahụike na-adịghị mma nke mere ka ọ nọrọ n'ihe ndina ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị n'otu oge, ọtụtụ ugboro n'afọ, ruo mgbe a wachara ya ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na isii nke gwọrọ ọrịa ahụ.<ref name="fox">[http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/3092316234001/2014-the-year-of-greek-growth/#sp=show-clips "2014 the year of Greek growth?"]. [[Fox Business Network|Fox Business]]. 22 January 2014.</ref> O kwuru na ibi ndụ na ọnọdụ ahụ esichaghị ike ruo ogologo oge mere ka o nwee nnukwu ekele maka ndụ na ikike ịnweta mkpali n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike. <ref name=bbc>Musafer, Shanaz. [https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23041304 "Family values help Greek shipping business go global"]. ''[[BBC News]]''. 7 July 2013.</ref> <ref name=bbc /><ref name=ft>Wright, Robert. [http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e04cb0aa-ea5d-11e2-913c-00144feabdc0.html "Families will keep shipping buoyant, says Greek tycoon"]. ''[[Financial Times]]''. 14 July 2013.</ref> Ọ bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụ anọ nke onye ọchụnta ego mbupu ụgbọ mmiri Gris bụ́ Michael G. Logothetis, , ma ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke bụkwa Constantine, Nicholas, na Leon. Nna ya malitere obere azụmaahịa mbupu, Lomar Shipping, n'afọ 1976. <ref name="bbc" /> George malitere azụmaahịa ahụ site na mgbe ọ bụ nwata, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ọ nọkwa na mba ofesi na-amụta nkọwa zuru ezu banyere azụmaahịa ahụ. <ref name="bbc" /> Logothetis malitere ọrụ azụmaahịa ya ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma ọ gụghị akwụkwọ mahadum. N'afọ 2013, n'ihi uru nke ọtụtụ ihe o rụzuru na ọrụ ebere ya, o nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na American College of Greece <ref name=deree>Papapostolou, Anastasios. [http://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/07/05/deree-commencement-500-graduates-and-a-moving-speech-by-libra-ceo/ "Deree Commencement: 500 Graduates and a Moving Speech by Libra CEO"]. ''[[Greek Reporter]]''. 5 July 2013.</ref><ref name=pappas>Pappas, Gregory C. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gregory-c-pappas/george-logothetis_b_3589190.html "Vision Without Implementation Is Just a Hallucination: The Amazing Case of George Logothetis"]. ''[[HuffPost]]''. 12 July 2013.</ref>. == Ọrụ == Logothetis malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mbupu mmanụ nna ya, bụ Lomar Shipping, n'afọ 1993 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ.<ref name=bloomberg>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=84145977&privcapId=84145892 George M. Logothetis] – Profile at ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''. Retrieved 16 March 2017.</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1995, ọ bụ onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name=wealthiest /> <ref name=bbc /> N'ime afọ iri, o mere ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ gbasaa site na ihe na-erughị ise ruo ihe karịrị ụgbọ mmiri irimise na ise. Echiche Logothetis site na mmalite bụ ịrụsi ọrụ ike, wee wepụta ezumike ọnwa atọ ruo ise kwa afọ ise iji tụgharịa uche maka afọ ise ga-esochinu<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170113143817/http://fortune.com/video/2015/04/17/why-this-ceo-takes-5-months-off/ "Why this CEO takes 5 months off"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113143817/http://fortune.com/video/2015/04/17/why-this-ceo-takes-5-months-off/ |date=13 January 2017 }} (video). ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''. 17 April 2015.</ref>. N'oge ezumike ndị a, ọ na-ezere ozi-emailu ọrụ na oku ekwentị, ma kwere na "ichemi echiche ihe ọhụụ kwesiri inye ohere". <ref name=kostis>Christodoulou, Kostis. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141201234635/http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/giwrgos_logotheths_o_39xronos_omogenhs_epixeirhmatias_poy_tha_zhleye_akomh_kai_o_wnashs.2691588.html "George Logothetis: the 39-year-old expat businessman that even Onassis would envy"] (Greek). ''News 247''. 16 March 2014.</ref> N'ụbọchị izu ike mbụ ya, ọ gara gburugburu Eshia, na nke abụọ ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mahadum na New York City. <ref name="bbc" /> N'ime ezumike ọnwa atọ ya na New York, echiche nke ịdị iche iche bịara ya. N'afọ 2003, Logothetis, ya na nwanne ya nwoke Constantine, kere ma guzobe otu Libra, nke dị na New York na London, iji gbasaa ma gbasawanye ụlọ ọrụ ya. <ref name="bbc" /> N'agbata afọ 2004 na 2007, n'oge azụmahịa mbupu na-aga nke ọma, Libra Group rere ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri Lomar. Site na uru e nwetere na ire ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ zụtara ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu, nke dị n'ọnọdụ dị ala, wee guzobe ngalaba mgbazinye ụgbọ elu, Lease Corporation International . Logothetis meghachiri usoro "ịzụta-ala, ire-elu" a nke na-aga nke ọma nke megidere usoro ahịa a na-ahụkarị ọtụtụ ugboro n'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, ma wulite nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche site na ihe bụbu obere ụlọ ọrụ mbupu. <ref>[https://greekreporter.com/2022/07/21/libra-group-kouligkas-ceo-logothetis-chairman/ Libra Group Names Manos Kouligkas CEO; George Logothetis Executive Chairman"] Kokkinidis, Tasos, ''Greek Reporter''. July 21, 2022. Accessed April 13, 2023.</ref> "Nchepụta Libra bụ ịpụ iche na mbupu mmanụ iji mepụta otu zuru ụwa ọnụ, site na iji ndị isi anyị na ha rụkọrọ ọrụ n'afọ ndị gara aga," Logothetis gwara ''Reuters'' n'afọ 2013. Ọ gwara ''Fortune'' na "ọ kpọọrọ ndị ukwu niile n'azụmahịa mbupu anyị, wee ziga ha gburugburu ụwa ka ha malite ụlọ ọrụ. Anyị mechara nweta onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri na-agba $200.&nbsp;otu nde ụlọ ọrụ ala na ụlọ na onye na-ere mkpụrụ osisi Russia nke na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ biogas isii na Latvia."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121028004523/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/news/companies/2012/10/25/best-advice.fortune/19.html "George Logothetis: The best advice I ever got"]. ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''. 25 October 2012.</ref> O mechara kwughachi na BBC News otu o si gbasaa ma gbasawanye ụlọ ọrụ ahụ: "'Anyị chepụtara usoro nke ebe niile dị n'ụwa anyị chọrọ inwe ọfịs na nnọchite anya. N'akụkụ ebe ọ bụla anyị tinyere aha onye anyị maara - onye ezinụlọ, enyi ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ.' E zigara ndị a ebe dị iche iche ma nye ha ohere ịmụta azụmaahịa ọhụrụ." N'afọ 2006, otu Libra malitere ịgbasa karịa inke iwe ụgbọelu. Ọrụ ọhụrụ ya gụnyere enwem ala na ụlọ, ebe nnabata ọbịa, na usoro mmeghari ohuru<ref>Brady, Diane. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120621130021/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-19/greek-american-exec-what-everyone-needs-now-is-certainty "Executive on Greece: 'What Everyone Needs Now Is Certainty'"]. ''[[Bloomberg BusinessWeek]]''. 19 June 2012.</ref>. N'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2009, mgbe ọnụ ahịa ụgbọ mmiri dara ada n'ihi nsogbu ego, Logothetis banyere n'azụmahịa mbupu wee zụta Allocan na ụgbọ mmiri iri abụọ na isii ya. Site na ọnwaDisemba afọ 2009 ruo Disemba afọ 2014, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ zụtara ngụkọta ụgbọ mmiri iri itoolu na otu. Libra Group agbasawanyela karịa azụmaahịa ya dịka ebe ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọ elu, ala na ụlọ, nnabata ọbịa, na [[ike mmeghari ohuru]], gụnyere ọtụtụ itinye ego dị iche iche dịka mgbasa ozi, mineral dị ụkọ, na ngwaahịa ụra. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Libra Group makes investment|url=https://irei.com/news/libra-group-makes-investment-u-s-rare-earth-critical-mineral-company/|work=Real Assets advisor}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 2008 na 2014, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ zụtara &nbsp;ijeri dọla asaa ruo ijeri dọla asaa na ụma ise ihe onwunwe n'ụwa niile. <ref name="turns" /> Dịka ọ dị n'afọ 2023, Libra Group nwere ma na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka iri na ise gburugburu ụwa. <ref name=kathimerini/><ref name=bbc /><ref name=fox /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140606220255/http://www.companiesintheuk.co.uk/director/5249995/george-logothetis George Michael Logothetis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606220255/http://www.companiesintheuk.co.uk/director/5249995/george-logothetis |date=6 June 2014 }}. ''CompaniesintheUK.co.uk''. Retrieved 2 June 2014.</ref> N'afọ 2024, Libra Group kwupụtara na otu ahụ apụọla n'ahịa mbupu akpa mgbe ha rere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ mmiri otu narị maka ihe karịrị ijeri dọla abụọ n'ime ọtụtụ afọ iji lekwasị anya na ihe ọhụrụ na nkwado dịka ihe ọhụrụ na-akwalite uto. N'afọ 2023, Libra hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ na-ahụ maka ụgbọelu (SLI) iji nweta uru na akụ na ụba mbara igwe nke ruru otu ijeri dọla. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dixon|first=Gary|title=George Logothetis' Libra Group aims for orbit with new space leasing business|url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/news/george-logothetis-libra-group-aims-for-orbit-with-new-space-leasing-business/2-1-1475379|work=TW|date=27 June 2023|accessdate=20 November 2023}}</ref> Libra Group zubere ịghọ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na-agbazinye mbara igwe nke na-enye satịlaịtị, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbara igwe, na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ. Libra na-eguzobe ọdụ na Alaskan Arctic, nke dị mkpa maka gburugburu ebe obibi iji nyochaa mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Saul|first=Jonathan|title=Libra Group embarks on space leasing with Arctic ground station|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/libra-group-embarks-space-leasing-with-arctic-ground-station-2023-06-20/|work=Reuters|date=20 June 2023|accessdate=20 November 2023}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ 2024, SLI zụtara ọdụ ụgbọ ala nke abụọ na Piteå, Sweden. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Swinhoe|first=Dan|title=Space Leasing International acquires satellite ground station in Piteå, Sweden, leases it to RBC Signals|url=https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/space-leasing-international-acquires-satellite-ground-station-in-pitea-sweden-leases-it-to-rbc-signals/|work=Data Center Dynamics|date=18 April 2024}}</ref> Kemgbe e guzobere ya, SLI gbasaara ọrụ ya iji tinye ụgbọ elu ọdịnala na akụ njem ikuku dị elu. Logothetis abụrụla onye na-akwado ma na-etinye ego na Gris n'oge nsogbu ego Gris . N'ihi nsogbu ahụ, ọ ghọọla onye ndu azụmaahịa a na-achọsi ike maka echiche ya gbasara itinye ego na Gris na akụ, ngwaahịa, na ụlọ ọrụ Gris. Na June 2012, mgbe ntuli aka praịm minista Antonis Samaras gasịrị, o mesiri ike na nkwa nke iguzosi ike n'ihe gọọmentị na-eweghachi ntụkwasị obi azụmaahịa na ntụkwasị obi nke onye ọ bụla na Gris, ma kwuo ọtụtụ itinye ego na azụmaahịa Gris nke Libra Group na-eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na nke a na-atụ anya ya. <ref name=beyond>Logothetis, George. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVW4bkGZqN8&t=7m45s "The Opportunity in Adversity"] (7:45–12:00). ''Beyond Conference''. 2016.</ref><ref name=rothman>Rothman, Andrea. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120219030218/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-12/libra-buys-agustawestland-helicopters-to-start-leasing-business.html "Libra Buys AgustaWestland Helicopters to Start Leasing Business"]. ''[[Bloomberg News]]''. 12 February 2012.</ref> Na Machị 2013, o kwuru na gọọmentị njikọta Samaras na-ebelata nsogbu mpaghara euro nke Gris dị ka ihe kpatara ndị na-etinye ego ji alaghachi, ma kwesị ịnọgide na-alaghachi Gris. <ref name=bbc /><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=106300281 Lomar Shipping Limited] – Profile at ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''. Retrieved 16 March 2017.</ref> Na ngwụcha 2013, o kwuru okwu ịdọ aka ná ntị gbasara "oke nzụta" na-eme na ngalaba mbupu nke dara ada. Mgbe ọ na-agwa onye nta akụkọ okwu na Jenụwarị 2014 na Davos, ọ gbara ndị ọchụnta ego ume ka ha hụ ohere dị na Gris, ma kwuo na o chere na 2014 ga-abụ "afọ uto Gris". O kwughachiri olileanya ya na Machị 2014, na-ekwu na Libra Group etinyela $500.&nbsp;nde mmadụ na Gris kemgbe afọ 2012. == Nzisa ozi na Ọrụ ebere == Logothetis anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ihu ọha n'inye aka na ọrụ ebere, karịsịa mgbe nsogbu ego Gris gasịrị. N'ọgbakọ nri abalị nke ndị Gris America iri na anọ na-achọ imeziwanye ndụ ndị obodo ha, o chepụtara atụmatụ maka mmemme ọrụ ọzụzụ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Libra Group, yana Greek America Foundation na American College of Greece, na-etinye ndị Gris na ndị Gris America na-eto eto na Libra Group na ndị enyemaka ya ebe iri abụọ na ise n'ụwa niile, na-enye ha olileanya na ohere. Ọrụ a ghọrọ Libra Internship Program, nke malitere n'afọ 2011. Na mbụ lekwasịrị anya naanị na ụmụ akwụkwọ Gris na Gris bi na mba ọzọ, Dịka ọ dị n'afọ 2024, mmemme ahụ na-enye ọrụ ọzụzụ maka ihe ruru ụmụ akwụkwọ otyu narị sitere na mba karịrị iri ise kwa afọ na Libra Group na ndị enyemaka ya, ma gụnye ebe maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sitere na ndị nwere nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba. Site na Libra Philanthropies, Logothetis akwadokwala ụmụ akwụkwọ MBA na Mahadum Athens nke Akụnụba na Azụmaahịa, ma na-etinye aka na ọtụtụ mmemme enyemaka na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke ebumno bi inweta uru. N'afọ 2012, ya na ndị Gris atọ ibe ya bi na mba ọzọ, o hiwere The Hellenic Initiative, otu òtù mba ụwa na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ndị bi na mba ọzọ na ndị na-akwado Gris ka ha tinye ego na Gris site na mmemme enyemaka nsogbu, azụmaahịa, na mmepe akụ na ụba. Nakwa n'afọ 2012, Libra Group kwere nkwa nde yuro ise iji mepụta onyinye Hellenic Entrepreneurship Award nke atụmatụ a, nke na-enye ndụmọdụ na ego nye ndị ọchụnta ego Gris; <ref name="raises" /> dịka ọ dị n'afọ 2017, Libra Group ekwerela nde yuro iri iji kwado azụmaahịa na Gris site na onyinye ahụ. Na Nzukọ Mmepụta Ihe Ọhụrụ nke Gris Amerika nke afọ 2012, ọ gbara ndị Gris ibe ya ume ka ha maliteghachi adịmndụ Gris site n'ịchọpụtaghachi na itinye ''philotimo'' n'ọrụ, uru Grik dị mgbagwoju anya ma zuru oke nke a na-asụgharị dị ka nsọpụrụ na obiọma. O kwukwara okwu mkpali zuru ezu n'afọ 2011 na 2013 Gabby Awards nke otu Greek America Foundation nyere. O deela ọtụtụ akụkọ maka ''Huffington Post'', malite n'afọ 2012. Logothetis sonyeere hiwe Seleni Institute nke na-abụghị otu ehiwere maka mnweta uru, nke na-akwado ọdịmma uche na mmetụta uche nke ụmụ nwanyị, ya na nwunye ya bụ Nitzia, onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke e hiwere n'afọ 2011 ma malite na 2013 na New York City, na-akwalite ahụike uche nke ndị nne na ezinụlọ ha site na enyem ego nnyocha, ịzụlite na inye mmata, na inye nlekọta ahụike. George bụ onye na-echekwa ego nke nzukọ ahụ. N'afọ 2014, e nyere Seleni Institute onyinye ndu otu nari nke Archbishop Iakovos maka ihe ịga nke ọma. N'Ọgbakọ Concordia nke afọ 2012, Logothetis webatara Bill Clinton, na nkwupụta maka àgwà ya dị mkpa dịka amamihe na ọmịiko. Na Ọgbakọ Concordia nke afọ 2013, o meghere ogbako ahụ site n'okwu a nabatara nke ọma nke na-agba ndị isi azụmaahịa na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị gburugburu ụwa ume ka ha nye ndị ntorobịa ohere na olileanya, iji gbanwee iri elu nke enweghị olileanya na ịmepụta echi ka mma. N'afọ 2015, a họpụtara ya dị ka Onyeisi oche nke Kansụl Ndị Isi nke Concordia, ma kwuo maka nduzi, imeri ihe isi ike, na inye ndị na-enweghị ike ikike na Concordia na ebe ndị ọzọ, gụnyere okwu TEDx nke afọ 2016. Logothetis so na ndị isi nke otu My Brother's Keeper (MBK) Alliance, nke [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] hiwere n'ọnwa Mee nke afọ 2015. <ref name="mbkprn" /> Libra Group bụ onye guzobere mmemme a. MBK Alliance na-enyere ụmụ okorobịa agba ojii na US aka iru ikike ha zuru oke, site n'ịhụ na imeziwanye ohere agụmakwụkwọ na ebe ọrụ. <ref name="mbk" /> Dịka akụkụ nke itinye aka ya na My Brother's Keeper Initiative mbụ nke Obama malitere n'ọnwa February afọ 2014, Libra Group esorola Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America (LEDA) jikọọ aka site n'inye ọrụ ọzụzụ maka ụmụ okorobịa agba ojii na Libra na ndị enyemaka ya zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref name="underdog" /> <ref name="acg" /> N'afọ 2016, Libra Group sonyekwara na atụmatụ ọchịchị Obama abụọ ọzọ, Partnership for Refugees na Equal Pay Pledge. N'ọnwa June afọ 2022, Logothetis gwara ndị ntorobịa azụmaahịa Gris okwu n'oge emume nke onyinye Envolve na Athens. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kokkinidis|first=Tasos|title=Marshal for NYC Greek Independence Day Parade|url=https://greekreporter.com/2023/04/24/george-logothetis-grand-marshal-greek-independence-day-parade/|work=Greek Reporter|date=24 April 2023}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022, Logothetis kwuru okwu dị mkpa na onyinye OXI Day Courage Awards nke afọ 2022 iji sọpụrụ Onyeisiala Yukren Volodymyr Zelenskyy na onye nta akụkọ Iran-Amerika bụ Masih Alinejad na US Institute of Peace na Washington, DC. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, a họpụtara Logothetis dịka Grand Marshal maka Ụbọchị Nnwere Onwe Gris nke mba New York. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kokkinidis|first=Tasos|title=George Logothetis Named Grand Marshal for NYC Greek Independence Day Parade|url=https://greekreporter.com/2023/04/24/george-logothetis-grand-marshal-greek-independence-day-parade/|work=greek reporter|date=24 April 2023|accessdate=29 November 2023}}</ref> Dịka onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ, George duru ntọala nke Libra Social Responsibility, nke mepụtara mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iri. N'ọnwa Septemba 2023, ezinụlọ Logothetis hiwere Libra Philanthropies iji tinye mmemme ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Libra. Libra Philanthropies bụ otu òtù nwanne nwanyị nke Libra Group nke ezinụlọ Logothetis hiwere dị ka ntọala 501(c)(3). Ọ bụ onyeisi oche ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Introducing|url=https://www.kron4.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/656262532/introducing-libra-philanthropies-a-global-foundation-for-human-empowerment/|work=KRON4|date=18 September 2023}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2024, a họpụtara Logothetis dị ka onye otu Kansụl Ndụmọdụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Woodrow Wilson Center. Nakwa n'April, a họpụtara Logothetis dị ka Grand Marshal maka emume Ụbọchị Nnwere Onwe nke Ndị Gris nke NYC. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Speaker Details|url=https://www.concordialive.com/AmericasSummit24/speaker/1065800/george-m.-logothetis|work=Concordia Live}}</ref> A na-ede Logothetis na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta maka Carnegie Hall. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees|url=https://www.carnegiehall.org/About/Leadership-and-Staff/Board-of-Trustees|work=Carnegie Hall}}</ref> == Nghọta == * N'afọ 2013, Logothetis natara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na Amerịka College of Greece . * N'afọ 2014, ya na nwunye ya bụ Nitzia natara ihe nrite onye ndu otu Nar nke Archbishop Iakovos maka ihe nrite maka ọrụ ebere ha nke Seleni Institute . * N'afọ 2014, ''Fortune'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime " iri anọ n'okpuru iri anọ ". * N'afọ 2014, o nwetara ihe nrite Capital Link Leadership Award, maka onyinye o tinyere n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ agụmakwụkwọ na enyemaka n'ụwa niile na Gris. * N'afọ 2015, o nwetara ihe nrite nke Seatrade nke onye na-eto eto na Mbupu. * N'afọ 2015, ọ natara ihe nrite Lloyd's List Greek Shipping Personality of the Year. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lloyd's List Greek Shipping Awards|url=http://greekshippingawards.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214232212/http://greekshippingawards.com/|archivedate=14 December 2015|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref> * N'afọ 2017, o nwetara nzere doctorate nke mmadụ site na Hellenic College Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hellenic College Holy Cross 75th Commencement Honors George Logothetis, Fr. George Poulos|url=https://www.goarch.org/-/hellenic-college-holy-cross-75th-commencement-honors-george-logothetis-fr-george-poulos|work=Goarch}}</ref> * N'afọ 2017, ọ natara ihe nrite Corporate Bridge Builder Award site na Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://usa.greekreporter.com/2017/05/24/libra-group-honored-at-2017-tanenbaum-gala/|title=Libra Group Honored at 2017 Tanenbaum Gala {{!}} USA.GreekReporter.com|date=24 May 2017|work=USA.GreekReporter.com|accessdate=3 November 2017}}</ref> == Ndụ nkeonwe == Logothetis na nwunye ya bụ Nitzia (née Embiricos) bi na Manhattan, ha nwekwara ụmụ nwoke abụọ na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ. Nitzia, onye na-arụ orụ dịka ,onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche, bụ onye sitere na ezinụlọ ndị Gris na-ebuga ụgbọ mmiri ma tolite na England. O nwere akara ugo mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ na Mahadum Brown, ma nwee MSc na mmepe ụmụaka na Mahadum London, yana MA na ndụmọdụ maka ahụike uche na ọdịmma site na Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development nke Mahadum New York . <ref name="seleniboard" /> Ya na George hiwere Seleni Institute, otu na-abụghị maka mnweta uru nke raara nye nlekọta uche na nke ahụ nne. <ref name="doors" /> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.libra.com/en/people/executive-team/george-m-logothetis George M. Logothetis] – Profaịlụ gọọmentị na Libra Group * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdXXyRzuy0E Okwu mmeghe] na Nzukọ Concordia nke afọ 2013 [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 8mjywprjn8oi16kbpsu30nj3rvo9k6c 0 76617 655833 655212 2026-06-15T10:56:49Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333766270|Tethered Undersea Kites]]" 655833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}Tethered Undersea Kites (TUSKs) bụ ngwaọrụ ndị dị n'okpuru mmiri e mere iji nweta ike sitere na mmiri nke oké osimiri. Ha nwere ihe yiri kite nke ejikọtara na ala oké osimiri, yana turbines dị n'ụgbọ mmiri nke na-ejide ike kinetic site na mmiri na-aga. TUSKs enwetawo nlebara anya dị ka teknụzụ na-enye ume ọhụrụ maka ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik na mpaghara ndị a na-ahụ anya, dị ka mpaghara mmiri. == Nhazi na ọrụ == Tethered undersea kites na-arụ ọrụ site n’ịgagharị n’ime mmiri oke osimiri na-asọ n’ụzọ a na-achịkwa nke ọma , iji mee ka ọsọ dị n’etiti ha na mmiri na-agafe n’elu turbines ha bụrụ nke kachasị elu.Mmegharị a na-enyere ha aka ijide ma nweta ike karịa turbines ndị na-anọgide n’otu ebe ma bụrụ otu nha ha. A na-emekarị TUSKs ka ha nwee ọdịdị dị larịị ma yie nku ụgbọ elu iji mee ka lift bawanye. Ha na-ejikwa ụkpụrụ nke crosswind kiting—usoro e jiri mbụ na usoro mmepụta ike sitere na ifufe n’elu ikuku —iji kwalite ma mee ka mmepụta ike ha dịkwuo ukwuu. Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke TUSK gụnyere: * Kite ma ọ bụ nku: Na-enye ihe na-ebuli elu ma na-enyere aka idebe ụzọ TUSK site na mmiri. * Turbines onboard: Na-ejide Ike kinetic site na mmiri ka TUSK na-agagharị n'ụzọ ya. * '''Usoro eriri na njikwa''': Na-ejikọta TUSK na ala oké osimiri ma na-achịkwa ụzọ ya iji melite njide ike. == Usoro mmepụta ike == Tethered Undersea Kites nwere ike ịmepụta ike eletrik site n'ịgagharị n'ụzọ na-agafe ntụziaka nke iyi mmiri . Ike a na-emepụta, P, na-adabere n'ókè mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike ibuli na ike ndọghachi nke kait ahụ, yana ọsọ nke iyi mmiri.N'ọrụ nkịtị, TUSK na-agagharị n'akụkụ kwụ ọtọ megide ntụziaka iyi mmiri nke oke osimiri, nke na-enyere ya aka iru nnukwu ọsọ a na-ahụ dịka ọsọ dị irè n'elu turbain ya. N'ihi mmụba a n'usoro ọsọ ikwu , ikike TUSKs nwere ịmepụta ike eletrik na-adịkarị elu karịa nke turbain ndị a na-edobe n'otu ebe n'okpuru mmiri. === Njikọ maka mmepụta ike === Enwere ike igosipụta ike nke TUSK na-emepụta site na usoro ike nke ikuku: : <math>P = C_L \cdot \frac{4}{27} \left(\frac{C_L}{C_D}\right)^2 S_w \cdot \frac{1}{2} \rho V_{\infty}^3</math> ebe: * '''C_L''' bụ coefficient lift nke kite, * '''C_D''' bụ drag coefficient, * '''S_w''' bụ ebe a na-ahụ maka nku. * '''ρ''' bụ njupụta nke mmiri oké osimiri, na * '''V_∞''' bụ ọsọ na-enweghị ihe mgbochi nke oke osimiri. Usoro a na-eme ka ịdabere na ike na arụmọrụ ikuku (lift-to-drag ratio) nke nku TUSK pụta ìhè. == Ngwa == A na-elekwasị anya n’iji tethered undersea kites rụpụta ike ọhụrụ,n'akụkụ oke osimiri na mpaghara mmiri ebe oke osimiri siri ike ma na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ihe ha nwere ike itinye n'ọrụ gụnyere: * '''Ngwunye ike dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri''': TUSKs nwere ike inye ọkụ eletrik na gburugburu mmiri dịpụrụ adịpụrụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ụsara oké osimiri. * '''Ike mgbakwunye maka ụgbọ ala ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru mmiri (AUVs) ''': Ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-ejikọta nwere ike ịgbatị oge ọrụ nke AUVs site na ịghachite batrị ha n'oge ọrụ. == Mmepe na ngosipụta == Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na òtù nyocha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepe TUSKs, na-ezube imeziwanye teknụzụ na imeziwanye arụmọrụ ike. Dị ka ihe atụ: * '''Minesto’s TUSK Demonstrations''': Minesto, a Swedish marine energy company, has conducted several successful tests of tethered undersea kites in locations such as the Holyhead Deep in Wales and Strangford Lough in Northern Ireland. These tests demonstrated that a TUSK with a 3-meter wingspan could generate up to 0.5 MW in a 0.8&nbsp;m/s ocean current. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ihe ịma aka na atụmanya ọdịnihu == Ka a na-ekwe nkwa,tethered undersea kites na-eche ọtụtụ nsogbu teknụzụ na nke ọrụ ihu, gụnyere: * Nkwụsi ike nke ihe owuwu: TUSKs na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe siri ike n'okpuru mmiri, na-achọ ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide nke nwere ike iguzogide ikpughe ogologo oge na mmiri nke oké osimiri. * '''Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi''': Mmetụta na ndụ mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ mpaghara ọmụmụ na-aga n'ihu. * '''Usoro nchịkwa''': Ịnọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke kachasị mma dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, a chọkwara usoro nchịkwa dị elu maka mgbanwe oge. Nnyocha n'ọdịnihu na-elekwasị anya n'imeziwanye ihe, usoro nchịkwa, na ịbawanye ikike nke TUSKs iji mee ka ha bụrụ isi iyi dị irè nke ike na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu. == Hụkwa == * Ike oké osimiri * [[Ike mmeghari ohuru|Nkà na ụzụ ike na-agbanwe agbanwe]] * Onye na-emepụta mmiri == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ == * Minesto. (2021). "Minesto's Deep Green technology." A na-enweta ya na [https://minesto.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Minesto]. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Crosswind kite power". Journal of Energy, 4 (3), 106-111. * Bracco, G., na ndị ọzọ (2011). "Ndị na-agbanwe ike maka ụgbọ ala ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru mmiri. " Ocean Engineering, 38 (4), 1077-1085. qcc5j4n3d03lnoyhf2yck4vsv2gvpif 0 76722 655734 2026-06-14T12:10:50Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355129231|Henrik Svensmark]]" 655734 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Henrik Svensmark''' (amụrụ na 1958) bụ onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara fiziki na Danish na prọfesọ na Ngalaba Fiziki nke Sistemụ Anyanwụ na Danish National Space Institute (DTU Space) na Copenhagen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.dtu.dk/English/Staff/Solar_System_Physics.aspx?lg=showcommon&id=38287&type=person|title=Henrik Svensmark|publisher=[[Danish National Space Center|Danish National Space Institute (DTU Space)]]|accessdate=2012-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922074712/http://www.space.dtu.dk/English/Staff/Solar_System_Physics.aspx?lg=showcommon&id=38287&type=person|archivedate=2011-09-22}}</ref> A maara ya maka ọrụ ya na echiche na obere [[Mbara igwe radieshon|ụzarị eluigwe]] na-akpata okpomọkụ ụwa site na nhazi igwe ojii.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Gray, Richard|date=February 11, 2007|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1542332/Cosmic-rays-blamed-for-global-warming.html|title=Cosmic rays blamed for global warming|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=2012-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Svensmark, Henrik|title=Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges|journal=[[Astronomy & Geophysics]]|volume=48|issue=1|pages=1.18–1.24|year=2007|doi=10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48118.x}}</ref> == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == Henrik Svensmark nwetara Master of Science in Engineering (Cand. Polyt) na 1985 na Ph.D. na 1987 site na Physics Laboratory I na Technical University of Denmark.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.33igc.org/coco/entrypage.aspx?t=climate%2Bchange&containerid=11714&parentid=11078&entrypage=true&guid=1&lnodeid=7&pageid=5002&ObjectID=12092|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210214955/http://www.33igc.org/coco/entrypage.aspx?t=climate%2bchange&containerid=11714&parentid=11078&entrypage=true&guid=1&lnodeid=7&pageid=5002&ObjectID=12092|archivedate=2012-02-10|title=CV - Henrik Svensmark|publisher=33rd International Geological Congress|accessdate=2012-07-14|year=2008}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Paleo-cosmic_flux.svg|thumb|350x350px|'''Njikọ dị n'etiti ọdịiche dị na cosmic ray flux (red) na mgbanwe na okpomọkụ oké osimiri (black) '''.]] Henrik Svensmark bụ onye isi nke Center for Sun-Climate Research na Danish Space Research Institute (DSRI), akụkụ nke Danish National Space Center. Ọ bụbu onye isi otu anyanwụ-climate na DSRI. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa postdoctoral na physics na òtù atọ ndị ọzọ: Mahadum California, Berkeley, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, na Niels Bohr Institute.<ref>{{Cite news|author=[[Lawrence Solomon]]|title=The sun moves climate change|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=fee9a01f-3627-4b01-9222-bf60aa332f1f&k=0|work=online|publisher=National Post|id=The Deniers, Part VI|date=2007-02-02|accessdate=2007-09-19}}</ref> N'afọ 1997, Svensmark na Eigil Friis-Christensen kwalitere echiche nke jikọtara ụzarị mbara igwe nke mbara igwe na mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ nke agbaziri site na ọdịiche dị na ike nke ifufe anyanwụ, nke ha kpọrọ cosmoclimatology. Dickinson enyochala echiche a na mbụ A mụrụ otu n'ime obere usoro nke metụtara njikọ a na nnwale ụlọ nyocha emere na Danish National Space Center (akwụkwọ e bipụtara na Proceedings of the Royal Society A, February 8, 2007). Nkwubi okwu Svensmark site na nnyocha ya wedara mkpa mmetụta nke mmụba mmadụ mere na ikuku CO2 na nso nso a na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ihu igwe nke gas griin haus dị ukwuu, ọdịiche nke anyanwụ na-arụ ọrụ ka ukwuu. == Ozizi Cosmoclimatology nke mgbanwe ihu igwe == Svensmark kọwara ozizi ya nke [[Mbara igwe radieshon|cosmoclimatology]] n'akwụkwọ e bipụtara na 2007.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges|author=Svensmark, Henrik|journal=Astronomy & Geophysics|issn=1366-8781|year=2007|volume=48|issue=1|pages=18–24|doi=10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48118.x}}</ref> Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Anwụ-Ihu Igwe na Denmark National Space Institute "na-enyocha njikọ dị n'etiti ọrụ anyanwụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ụwa".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spacecenter.dk/research/sun-climate/cosmoclimatology/a-brief-summary-on-cosmoclimatology|title=A brief summary of cosmoclimatology|accessdate=25 November 2008|publisher=Danish National Space Center|date=February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.dtu.dk/English/Research/Research_sections/Sun_Climate.aspx|title=Connection between Solar Activity and Climate Changes|accessdate=25 November 2008|publisher=Center for Sun-Climate Research, Danish National Space Institute|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621100951/http://www.space.dtu.dk/English/Research/Research_sections/Sun_Climate.aspx|archivedate=June 21, 2008}}</ref> Peeji mbido ya depụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara n'oge gara aga metụtara cosmoclimatology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spacecenter.dk/research/sun-climate/Scientific%20work%20and%20publications|title=Scientific work and Publications|publisher=Danish National Space Center|accessdate=25 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esa-spaceweather.net/spweather/workshops/eswwII/proc/Session2/ESTECsww_20051.pdf|title=Influence of Solar Cycles on Earth's Climate|author=Freddy Christiansen|publisher=Danish National Space Center|date=4 September 2007|accessdate=25 November 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120023759/http://www.esa-spaceweather.net/spweather/workshops/eswwII/proc/Session2/ESTECsww_20051.pdf|archivedate=20 November 2008}}</ref> Svensmark na Nigel Calder bipụtara akwụkwọ ''The Chilling Stars: A New Theory of Climate Change'' (2007) na-akọwa ozizi Cosmoclimatology na ụzarị mbara igwe "nwere mmetụta na ihu igwe karịa CO2 mmadụ mere": : "N'ime 100 afọ gara aga ụzarị mbara igwe bịara dị ụkọ n'ihi na ọrụ siri ike nke Sun meriri ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Ụzarị mbara igwe pere mpe pụtara igwe ojii pere mpe - yana ụwa na-ekpo ọkụ." Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọtabeghị ọrụ Svensmark na ndị ọzọ bipụtara nke na-eme ka mmadụ kwenye. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Lockwood na ndị otu ya<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mike Lockwood|date=July 2012|title=Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates|journal=Surveys in Geophysics|volume=33|issue=3|pages=503–534|doi=10.1007/s10712-012-9181-3}}</ref> chọpụtara na "Aro nke ígwé ojii na-egosi na ígwé ojii anaghị adabara ihe a hụrụ". Mmekọrịta Spanish/Japan nke ndị ọkachamara na ray anyanwụ/astrophysics chọpụtara na mgbanwe dị na mkpuchi ígwé ojii zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na El Niño-Southern Oscillation na enweghị njikọ ya na ray anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Laken|first=Benjamin|year=2012|title=A Decade of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: Is a Solar–Cloud Link Detectable?|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=25|issue=13|pages=4430–4440|doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00306.1}}</ref> [[Lars Oxfeldt Mortensen]] mepụtara ihe nkiri vidio gbasara ozizi Svensmark, ''The Cloud Mystery'', ma gosipụta ya na Jenụwarị 2008 na Danish TV 2. Na Eprel 2012, Svensmark bipụtara mgbasawanye nke ozizi ya na Ọkwa Ọnwa nke Royal Astronomical Society<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of nearby supernovae affecting life on Earth|author=Svensmark, Henrik|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|issn=1365-2966|year=2012|volume=423|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20953.x|pages=1234–1253}}</ref> N'ime ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ ọ na-ekwu na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nke ụwa n'ime afọ 500 gara aga nwere ike ịkọwa site na tectonics na-emetụta oke osimiri yana ọdịiche dị na ọnụego supernova mpaghara, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. Nke a na-egosi na ọganihu nke evolushọn na-emetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na-adabere na flux cosmic cosmic ray.. Onye isi DTU Space, Prọfesọ Eigil Friis-Christensen, kwuru, sị: "Mgbe ajụjụ a banyere mmetụta nke ụzarị mbara igwe sitere na remnants supernova malitere 16 afọ gara aga, ọ dịghị mgbe anyị chere na ọ ga-eduga anyị n'ime oge, ma ọ bụ n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa. Njikọ na evolushọn bụ njedebe nke ọrụ a." == Ule echiche == E meela ule nnwale mbụ na nnwale SKY na Danish National Space Science Center. CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research na Geneva, na-akwado nkwenye zuru oke na Ọrụ CLOUD . === Nnwale Eluigwe === Svensmark mere ihe akaebe nke nnwale echiche na nnwale SKY na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Oghere Ụwa nke Denmark.<blockquote>Iji nyochaa ọrụ nke ụzarị mbara igwe na nhazi igwe ojii dị ala na ikuku ụwa, nnwale SKY jiri muons eke (electrons dị arọ) nke nwere ike ịbanye ọbụna na okpuru ulo nke National Space Institute na Copenhagen. Echiche a, nke nnwale ahụ gosipụtara, bụ na elektrọn ndị a na-ewepụta na ikuku site na muons na-agafe agafe na-akwalite nguzobe nke ụyọkọ molekụla ndị na-ewu ihe maka oghere ikuku ikuku.</blockquote>Ndị nkatọ n'echiche ahụ kwuru na ụyọkọ urughuru emepụtara tụrụ naanị nanometer ole na ole gafee, ebe ikuku ikuku na-achọkarị inwe dayameta nke opekata mpe 50 nm iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe a na-akpọ oghere condensation igwe ojii. Nnwale ndị ọzọ nke Svensmark na ndị mmekọ e bipụtara na 2013<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Svensmark|first=Henrik|title=Response of cloud condensation nuclei (>50 nm) to changes in ion-nucleation|journal=Physics Letters A|date=2013|volume=377|issue=37|doi=10.1016/j.physleta.2013.07.004}}</ref> gosiri na ikuku ndị nwere dayameta karịrị 50 nm bụ ọkụ ultraviolet na-emepụta ya (site na ọnụọgụ ozone, sulfur dioxide, na vapor mmiri), buru ibu nke zuru oke iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka oghere ikuku igwe ojii. === Nnwale Ọrụ Ígwé Ojii === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akwado nnwale fiziki nke ikuku zuru ezu iji nwalee akwụkwọ edemede Svensmark, na-ewulite na nchọpụta ndị Denmark. CERN malitere ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ usoro na 2006, gụnyere ịmegharị nnwale Danish ọzọ. CERN na-eme atụmatụ iji ihe na-eme ka ihe dị ngwa ngwa kama ịdabere na ụzarị eluigwe na ụwa eke. Ọrụ CERN nke ọtụtụ mba ga-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ebe ha ga-enwe ike ịmụ mmetụta nke ụzarị eluigwe na ihe ndị a na-agbaze n'ime ikuku ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Lawrence Solomon|title=The sun moves climate change|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=fee9a01f-3627-4b01-9222-bf60aa332f1f&k=0|work=[[National Post]]|id=The Deniers, Part VI|date=2007-02-02|accessdate=2007-09-19}}</ref> A na-akpọ ọrụ CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUTdoor Droplets).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cloud.web.cern.ch/cloud/|title=CLOUD Project Documents|accessdate=25 November 2008|archivedate=24 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224163439/http://cloud.web.cern.ch/cloud/}}</ref> Dunne ''na ndị otu ya'' (2016) egosipụtala isi ihe si na nsonaazụ afọ iri nke afọ e nwetara na nnwale CLOUD emere na CERN. Ha amụọla nke ọma usoro physico-chemical na kinetics nke nhazi aerosols. Usoro nucleation nke mmiri ntapụ mmiri/ice micro-crystals sitere na uzu mmiri nke a mụpụtara na nnwale CLOUD ma hụkwa ozugbo na ikuku ụwa anaghị agụnye naanị nhazi ion n'ihi ụzarị mbara igwe kamakwa ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya na sulfuric acid, ammonia na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-ewepụta n'ikuku site na ọrụ mmadụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ bi n'ala ma ọ bụ n'oké osimiri (plankton).<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.aaf2649|pmid=27789796|issn=0036-8075|volume=354|issue=6316|pages=1119–1124|author=Dunne|first=E. M.|title=Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements|journal=Science|date=2016-12-02}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-ahụ na obere nuclei igwe ojii na-emepụta nke ọma site na ionization n'ihi mmekọrịta nke ụzarị mbara igwe na ihe ndị mejupụtara ikuku ụwa, usoro a ezughi oke iji kọwaa mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ugbu a na mgbanwe nke ike ụzarị mbara igwe nke mgbanwe na ọrụ anyanwụ na magnetosphere Ụwa gbanwere. == Arụmụka na esemokwu == === Ìhè Ọgbara Ọhụrụ nke Galactic na Okpomọkụ Ụwa === Onye na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oke osimiri bụ́ Paul Farrar (2000)<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1005672825112|title=Are Cosmic Rays Influencing Oceanic Cloud Coverage – Or Is It Only El Niño?|journal=Climatic Change|volume=47|issue=1|pages=7–15|year=2000|author=Farrar|first=Paul D.}}</ref> rụrụ ụka na, dabere na nkesa oghere nke mgbanwe igwe ojii n'oge ọmụmụ ihe Svensmark, mgbanwe ahụ sitere na El Niño nke e jikọtara ya na akara ray nke mbara igwe nke Svensmark jiri n'oge data nke ọmụmụ ihe ya. Nkatọ (2003) nke ọkà mmụta physics bụ́ Peter Laut nke ozizi Svensmark nyochaghachiri data Svensmark ma kwuo na ọ kwadoghị njikọ dị n'etiti radieshon mbara igwe na mgbanwe okpomọkụ ụwa; ọ na-agbaghakwa ụfọdụ ntọala echiche maka ozizi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/S1364-6826(03)00041-5|url=http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/Laut2003.pdf|title=Solar activity and terrestrial climate: An analysis of some purported correlations|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics|volume=65|issue=7|pages=801–812|year=2003|author=Laut|first=Peter}}</ref> Svensmark zara akwụkwọ ahụ, na-ekwu na "...ọ dịghị ebe ọ bụla n'akwụkwọ Peter Laut (PL) o nwere ike ịkọwa, ebe e jighị data anụ ahụ mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi, otu àgwà nke akwụkwọ m si eduhie, ma ọ bụ ebe ọrụ m anaghị ebi ndụ dịka ọkọlọtọ sayensị si dị" Mike Lockwood nke Rutherford Appleton Laboratory [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|nke UK]] na Claus Froehlich nke World Radiation Center na Switzerland bipụtara akwụkwọ na 2007 nke kwubiri na mmụba nke okpomọkụ ụwa nke a hụrụ kemgbe 1985 jikọtara ya na mgbanwe anyanwụ nke na enweghị ụdị usoro ihe kpatara ya, ọ bụ ezie na ha kwenyere na enwere "ihe akaebe dị ukwuu" maka mmetụta anyanwụ na ihu igwe tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=[[Mike Lockwood (scientist)|Mike Lockwood]] & [[Claus Fröhlich]]|title=Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society A]]|doi=10.1098/rspa.2007.1880|year=2007|volume=463|pages=2447–2460|issue=2086}}</ref> Calder, onye so dee Svensmark, zara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na LondonBookReview.com, ebe o kwuru okwu megidere na okpomọkụ ụwa amụbabeghị kemgbe 1999. Mgbe e mesịrị na 2007, Svensmark na Friis-Christensen weputara nzaghachi nye Lockwood na Fröhlich nke kwubiri na ndekọ okpomọkụ nke elu nke Lockwood na Fröhlich ji mee ihe na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma na-eduzi usoro anụ ahụ nke Sun-driven, ma ihe ndekọ okpomọkụ nke ikuku tropospheric na-egosi njikọ na-adịghị mma n'etiti cosmic-ray okpomọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. A na-ewepụ oscillations oké osimiri na ugwu mgbawa na data okpomọkụ. Ha na-arụtụ aka na Lockwood na Fröhlich na-ewepụta data ha site na iji ụzọ na-agba ọsọ nke ihe dị ka afọ 10, nke na-emepụta nrọ nke mmụba okpomọkụ na-aga n'ihu, ebe data niile na-adịghị mma na-ezo aka na ikpo ọkụ nke okpomọkụ, dabara na ugbu a maxing site na magnetik ọrụ nke Sun, na nke na-aga n'ihu ngwa ngwa na CO2 ntinye uche yiri ka ọ gaghị agwụ agwụ. === Ìhè Galactic Cosmic vs Mkpuchi Ígwé ojii === Na Eprel afọ 2008, Prọfesọ Terry Sloan nke Mahadum Lancaster bipụtara akwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Environmental Research Letters'' nke akpọrọ "Ịnwale njikọ a tụrụ aro n'etiti ụzarị eluigwe na mkpuchi igwe ojii",<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sloan|first=Terry|title=Testing the proposed causal link between cosmic rays and cloud cover|journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]]|volume=3|issue=April–June 2008|date=2008-04-03|url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1748-9326/3/2/024001/erl8_2_024001.html|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/3/2/024001|accessdate=2008-04-05}}</ref> nke ahụghị njikọ dị mkpa n'etiti mkpuchi igwe ojii na ike ụzarị eluigwe n'ime afọ 20 gara aga. Svensmark zara site n'ikwu na "Terry Sloan aghọtaghị otú ụzarị eluigwe si arụ ọrụ n'igwe ojii".<ref name="bbc20080403">{{Cite news|author=Black|first=Richard|title='No Sun link' to climate change|work=BBC News|date=2008-04-03|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7327393.stm|accessdate=2008-04-05}}</ref> Dr. Giles Harrison nke Mahadum Reading, kọwara ọrụ ahụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa "ebe ọ na-enye oke elu na mmetụta ụzarị eluigwe na igwe ojii na data igwe ojii satịlaịtị zuru ụwa ọnụ". Harrison mụrụ mmetụta nke ụzarị eluigwe na UK.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Harrison|first=Giles|title=Empirical evidence for a nonlinear effect of galactic cosmic rays on clouds|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences]]|volume=462|pages=1221–1233|doi=10.1098/rspa.2005.1628|url=http://www.met.rdg.ac.uk/~swshargi/WebStuff/Pubs/Abstracts/Harrison&Stephenson06.htm|accessdate=2008-04-05|issue=2068|year=2006}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta ụzarị eluigwe na-abụghị nke kwụ ọtọ dị obere, ọ ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mgbanwe ihu igwe ogologo oge (dịka ọmụmaatụ narị afọ) mgbe mgbanwe kwa ụbọchị na-apụta na nkezi". Brian H. Brown (2008) nke Mahadum Sheffield chọpụtakwara njikọ dị mkpa n'ọnụọgụgụ (p<0.05) n'etiti Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) na ígwé ojii dị ala n'ime afọ 22 yana igbu oge awa 15. Mgbanwe ogologo oge na mkpuchi ígwé ojii (> ọnwa 3) na GCR nyere njikọ nke p=0.06.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4060/|author=Brown, B.H.|year=2008|title=Short-term changes in global cloud cover and in cosmic radiation|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics|volume=70|issue=7|pages=1122–1131|doi=10.1016/j.jastp.2008.02.003}}</ref> === Mmelite arụmụka === N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Laken et al. (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00306.1|title=A Decade of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: Is a Solar–Cloud Link Detectable?|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=25|issue=13|pages=4430–4440|year=2012|author=Laken|first=Benjamin}}</ref> chọpụtara na data satịlaịtị ọhụrụ dị elu na-egosi na El Niño Southern Oscillation bụ ihe kpatara ọtụtụ mgbanwe na mkpuchi igwe ojii na ọkwa ụwa na mpaghara. Ha chọpụtakwara na ụzarị mbara igwe galactic, na ọkụ anyanwụ zuru oke enweghị mmetụta dị mkpa na mgbanwe na mkpuchi igwe ojii. Lockwood (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10712-012-9181-3|volume=33|issue=3–4|title=Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates|journal=Surveys in Geophysics|pages=503–534|year=2012|author=Lockwood|first=Mike}}</ref> mere nyocha zuru oke nke akwụkwọ sayensị gbasara "mmetụta anyanwụ" na ihu igwe. A chọpụtara na mgbe etinyere mmetụta a n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na ụdị ihu igwe, a na-egosi na a na-emebiga ihe ókè n'ihe gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe dịka ndị Svensmark kwuru. Nyocha Lockwood gosikwara ike nke ihe akaebe na-akwado mmetụta anyanwụ na ihu igwe mpaghara. Sloan na Wolfendale (2013)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sloan|first=T.|title=Cosmic rays, solar activity and the climate|journal=Environmental Research Letters|volume=8|issue=4|date=November 7, 2013|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045022}}</ref> gosiri na ọ bụ ezie na ụdị okpomọkụ na-egosi obere njikọ kwa afọ 22, ihe na-erughị pasent 14 nke okpomọkụ ụwa kemgbe afọ 1950 nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọnụego ray nke eluigwe. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ kwubiri na ọnụego ray nke eluigwe erughị mgbanwe na okpomọkụ, na-egosi na ọ bụghị mmekọrịta kpatara ya. Nnyocha ọzọ nke 2013 chọpụtara, n'ụzọ megidere nkwupụta Svensmark, "enweghị njikọ dị mkpa n'etiti radieshon mbara igwe na albedo zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ bụ elu ígwé ojii nkezi zuru ụwa ọnụ."<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Krissansen-Totton|first=J.|title=Investigation of Cosmic Ray-Cloud Connections Using MISR|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|year=2013|volume=40|issue=19|pages=5240–5245|doi=10.1002/grl.50996}}</ref> Na 2013, nnyocha ụlọ nyocha nke Svensmark, Pepke na Pedersen bipụtara na ''Physics Letters A'' gosiri na n'eziokwu enwere njikọ dị n'etiti ụzarị eluigwe na mmepụta nke aerosols nke ụdị mkpụrụ igwe ojii. Site na ụlọ nyocha gaa na ikuku n'ezie, ndị dere akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na ọrụ anyanwụ na-akpata ihe dị ka pasent 50 nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal|author=Svensmark|first=H.|title=Response of cloud condensation nuclei (>50 nm) to changes in ion-nucleation|journal=Physics Letters A|year=2013|volume=377|issue=37|pages=2343–2347|doi=10.1016/j.physleta.2013.07.004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://videnskab.dk/miljo-naturvidenskab/nye-resultater-stotter-omstridt-klimateori|title=Nye resultater støtter omstridt klimateori|date=11 September 2013}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ozi zuru ezu nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dere na 2007 na blọgụ RealClimate nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, Rasmus E. Benestad gosipụtara arụmụka maka ịtụle nkwupụta Svensmark dị ka "ihe a na-ekwubigaghị ókè".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Benestad|first=Rasmus E.|title='Cosmoclimatology' – tired old arguments in new clothes|date=9 March 2007|url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/03/cosmoclimatology-tired-old-arguments-in-new-clothes/|accessdate=18 August 2015}}</ref> (Magazin <nowiki><i id="mwARw">Time</i></nowiki> akọwaala isi ihe mere e ji dee blọgụ a dị ka "ngosipụta doro anya nke ihe akaebe anụ ahụ maka okpomọọkụ ụwa".) == Mbipụta ahọpụtara == * {{Cite journal|author=Henrik Svensmark|title=Influence of Cosmic Rays on Earth's Climate|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]|year=1998|volume=81|pages=5027–5030|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5027|issue=22}} * {{Cite journal|author=Henrik Svensmark|title=Experimental evidence for the role of ions in particle nucleation under atmospheric conditions|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences]]|volume=463|year=2007|pages=385–396|doi=10.1098/rspa.2006.1773|url=http://fruitsens.com/cosmic.pdf|issue=2078}} * {{Cite journal|author=Henrik Svensmark|title=Astronomy & Geophysics Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges|journal=[[Astronomy & Geophysics]]|volume=48|issue=1|pages=1.18–1.24|doi=10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48118.x|year=2007}} * {{Cite journal|author=Henrik Svensmark|title=Cosmic Ray Decreases Affect Atmospheric Aerosols and Clouds|journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]]|volume=36|issue=15|year=2009|pages=L15101|doi=10.1029/2009GL038429|url=http://www.deas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/FRSEMR22l/Sources/03-Cosmic-rays/3-Svensmark-et-al-2009-GRL.pdf}} * {{Cite journal|author=M.B. Enghoff|title=Aerosol nucleation induced by a high energy particle beam|journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]]|volume=38|issue=9|year=2011|pages=A33F–0232|doi=10.1029/2011GL047036}} === Akwụkwọ === * {{Cite book|first=Henrik|author=Svensmark|title=The Chilling Stars: A New Theory of Climate Change|publisher=Totem Books|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84046-815-1}} * Enyemaka na Die kalte Sonne. ''Warum die Klimakatastrophe nicht stattfindet'' (Anyanwụ oyi), nke Fritz Vahrenholt na [[Sebastian Lüning]] dere === Fim === * Ihe Omimi nke Igwe Ojii == Ihe nrite == * 2001, Ihe nrite nyocha Energy-E2 * 1997, Knud Hojgaard Anniversary Research Prize == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qv2kg6zcz01h3zbx9u2axr4t24d5z44 0 76723 655738 2026-06-14T14:03:19Z Specialyvonne 56002 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357797159|Paulo Artaxo]]" 655738 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto''' bụ onye Brazil na-ahụ maka ikuku physics. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto – ABC|url=http://www.abc.org.br/membro/paulo-eduardo-artaxo-netto/|accessdate=2024-10-10|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na São Paulo, Brazil, Artaxo gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum São Paulo, ebe ọ nwetara asambodo MSc na PhD ya na Physics.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FAPESP|title=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto|url=https://fapesp.br/3033/paulo-eduardo-artaxo-netto|accessdate=2024-10-10|work=fapesp.br|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nke ọkachamara == Artaxo enweela ọkwa postdoctoral n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mahadum, gụnyere Mahadum Antwerp na [[Belgium]], Mahadum Lund na [[Sweden]], na NASA Goddard Space Flight Center na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Artaxo|url=https://twas.org/sites/default/files/paulo_artaxo_cv_english_short_3pages.pdf|work=Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Artaxo – Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Brazil 1}}</ref> Na USP, Artaxo na-edu otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta nke kpughere otu ihe ndị aerosol, nke usoro okike na ọrụ mmadụ na-ewepụta, si dị oke mkpa maka ịmepụta igwe ojii na, n'ihi ya, maka ihu igwe mpaghara na ụwa. Nnyocha ya na Amazon emeela ka mpaghara ahụ pụta ìhè ga eweta mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọkachasị maka nzaghachi nwere ike ime ka okpomọkụ ụwa ka njọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aerosol Particles in Amazonia: Their Composition, Role in the Radiation Balance, Cloud Formation, and Nutrient Cycles|url=http://ftp.lfa.if.usp.br/ftp/public/Publications_Paulo_Artaxo/2009/Aerosol_Particles_in_Amazonia_AGU_Book_Chapter_B6_Artaxo_et_al._Dec_2009.pdf|work=ftp.lfa.if.usp.br}}</ref> == Onyinye na mmata == E nyere ya onyinye TWAS na sayensị ụwa n'afọ 2007 ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta kachasị emetụta nyocha na mpaghara oru ya na Clarivate Analytics ọtụtụ ugboro.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sciences (TWAS)|first=The World Academy of|title=Recipients of TWAS Awards and Prizes|url=https://twas.org/recipients-twas-awards-and-prizes|accessdate=2024-10-10|work=twas.org|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 7gbdrbyeo24glquk3jxvo803if70pow 655741 655738 2026-06-14T14:29:30Z Specialyvonne 56002 Etinyerem picture 655741 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Short description|Brazilian atmospheric physicist}}{{Infobox person|name=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto|image=Paulo Artaxo.jpg|caption=<!-- Caption for the image -->|birth_date=<!-- Birth date, e.g., {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->|birth_place=<!-- Place of birth -->|education=<!-- e.g., Bachelor's in Physics -->|alma_mater=<!-- e.g., University of São Paulo -->|occupation=Scientist, Professor|employer=[[University of São Paulo]]|notable_works=Research on Amazon rain forest and climate change|awards=|known_for=[[Environmental research]], Climate studies}} '''Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto''' bụ onye Brazil na-ahụ maka ikuku physics. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto – ABC|url=http://www.abc.org.br/membro/paulo-eduardo-artaxo-netto/|accessdate=2024-10-10|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na São Paulo, Brazil, Artaxo gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum São Paulo, ebe ọ nwetara asambodo MSc na PhD ya na Physics.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FAPESP|title=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto|url=https://fapesp.br/3033/paulo-eduardo-artaxo-netto|accessdate=2024-10-10|work=fapesp.br|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nke ọkachamara == Artaxo enweela ọkwa postdoctoral n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mahadum, gụnyere Mahadum Antwerp na [[Belgium]], Mahadum Lund na [[Sweden]], na NASA Goddard Space Flight Center na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Artaxo|url=https://twas.org/sites/default/files/paulo_artaxo_cv_english_short_3pages.pdf|work=Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Artaxo – Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Brazil 1}}</ref> Na USP, Artaxo na-edu otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta nke kpughere otu ihe ndị aerosol, nke usoro okike na ọrụ mmadụ na-ewepụta, si dị oke mkpa maka ịmepụta igwe ojii na, n'ihi ya, maka ihu igwe mpaghara na ụwa. Nnyocha ya na Amazon emeela ka mpaghara ahụ pụta ìhè ga eweta mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọkachasị maka nzaghachi nwere ike ime ka okpomọkụ ụwa ka njọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aerosol Particles in Amazonia: Their Composition, Role in the Radiation Balance, Cloud Formation, and Nutrient Cycles|url=http://ftp.lfa.if.usp.br/ftp/public/Publications_Paulo_Artaxo/2009/Aerosol_Particles_in_Amazonia_AGU_Book_Chapter_B6_Artaxo_et_al._Dec_2009.pdf|work=ftp.lfa.if.usp.br}}</ref> == Onyinye na mmata == E nyere ya onyinye TWAS na sayensị ụwa n'afọ 2007 ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta kachasị emetụta nyocha na mpaghara oru ya na Clarivate Analytics ọtụtụ ugboro.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sciences (TWAS)|first=The World Academy of|title=Recipients of TWAS Awards and Prizes|url=https://twas.org/recipients-twas-awards-and-prizes|accessdate=2024-10-10|work=twas.org|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] evu4qq8rc8663960fmnamexcdv2p1e4 655742 655741 2026-06-14T14:34:00Z Specialyvonne 56002 655742 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Short description|Brazilian atmospheric physicist}}{{Infobox person|name=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto|image=Paulo Artaxo.jpg|caption=<!-- Caption for the image -->|birth_date=<!-- Birth date, e.g., {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->|birth_place=<!-- Place of birth -->|education=<!-- e.g., Bachelor's in Physics -->|alma_mater=<!-- e.g., University of São Paulo -->|occupation=Scientist, Professor|employer=[[University of São Paulo]]|notable_works=Research on Amazon rain forest and climate change|awards=|known_for=[[Environmental research]], Climate studies}} '''Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto''' bụ onye Brazil n' ahụ maka ihe gbasatara ikuku na ngalaba physics . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto – ABC|url=http://www.abc.org.br/membro/paulo-eduardo-artaxo-netto/|accessdate=2024-10-10|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na São Paulo, Brazil, Artaxo gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum São Paulo, ebe ọ nwetara asambodo MSc na PhD ya na Physics.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FAPESP|title=Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto|url=https://fapesp.br/3033/paulo-eduardo-artaxo-netto|accessdate=2024-10-10|work=fapesp.br|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nke ọkachamara == Artaxo enweela ọkwa postdoctoral n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mahadum, gụnyere Mahadum Antwerp na [[Belgium]], Mahadum Lund na [[Sweden]], na NASA Goddard Space Flight Center na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Artaxo|url=https://twas.org/sites/default/files/paulo_artaxo_cv_english_short_3pages.pdf|work=Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Artaxo – Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Brazil 1}}</ref> Na USP, Artaxo na-edu otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta nke kpughere otu ihe ndị aerosol, nke usoro okike na ọrụ mmadụ na-ewepụta, si dị oke mkpa maka ịmepụta igwe ojii na, n'ihi ya, maka ihu igwe mpaghara na ụwa. Nnyocha ya na Amazon emeela ka mpaghara ahụ pụta ìhè ga eweta mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọkachasị maka nzaghachi nwere ike ime ka okpomọkụ ụwa ka njọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aerosol Particles in Amazonia: Their Composition, Role in the Radiation Balance, Cloud Formation, and Nutrient Cycles|url=http://ftp.lfa.if.usp.br/ftp/public/Publications_Paulo_Artaxo/2009/Aerosol_Particles_in_Amazonia_AGU_Book_Chapter_B6_Artaxo_et_al._Dec_2009.pdf|work=ftp.lfa.if.usp.br}}</ref> == Onyinye na mmata == E nyere ya onyinye TWAS na sayensị ụwa n'afọ 2007 ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta kachasị emetụta nyocha na mpaghara oru ya na Clarivate Analytics ọtụtụ ugboro.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sciences (TWAS)|first=The World Academy of|title=Recipients of TWAS Awards and Prizes|url=https://twas.org/recipients-twas-awards-and-prizes|accessdate=2024-10-10|work=twas.org|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] i8y5h1ioe84jqn7ulac42onxva0u66o 0 76724 655739 2026-06-14T14:21:50Z Anastesia chi 23720 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1221012913|Elena Ramírez Parra]]" 655739 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> Aha Ezinụlọ <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Elena Ramírez Parra''' (amụrụ na 1972) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ na onye nyocha nke Spen nke na-amụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi (oké ọkọchị, nnu nke ala, radieshon gabigara ókè, ọnụnọ nke ọla dị arọ na okpomọkụ dị elu na nke dị ala) na uto osisi. Ojiji nke nnyocha ya gụnyere imeziwanye mkpụrụ owuwe ihe ubi. Na 2010, Ramírez meriri ihe nrite L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na Sayensị. == Ndụ == Ramírez gụrụ sayensị nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Madrid na nzere doctorate na Molecular Biology site n'otu mahadum ahụ (2000). Ramírez bụ ọkà mmụta bipụtala akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ. <ref name="cbgp">{{Cite web|title=GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CROP NATURAL VARIATION IN FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS|url=http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php|accessdate=24 May 2017|archivedate=13 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224621/http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elena_Ramirez-Parra|title=Elena Ramirez-Parra - Dr. - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid - INIA - CBGP- Centre of Biotechnology and Genomics in Plants|work=ResearchGate}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye nyocha dị elu na Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, CBGP) nke National Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) na Mahadum Nkà na ụzụ nke Madrid (UPM), ịmụ banyere mmetụta ọjọọ ndị na-akpata nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi na osisi.<ref name="cbgp">{{Cite web|title=GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CROP NATURAL VARIATION IN FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS|url=http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php|accessdate=24 May 2017|archivedate=13 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224621/http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224621/http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php "GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CROP NATURAL VARIATION IN FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS"]. Archived from [http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php the original] on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Nnyocha ya kọwara usoro osisi ji emeso nrụgide dị n'èzí dịka ọkọchị, nnu ala, ígwè dị arọ na oke okpomọkụ. Ọ na-agbalị ịmepụta ọgbọ nke ụdị osisi ọhụrụ ga-eme ka owuwe ihe ubi ka mma. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2010, e nyere ya, ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị anọ (Isabel Lastres Becker, Ana Briones Alonso, Mercedes Vila na María Antonia Herrero), Onyinye L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị. Onyinye a nke € 15,000 bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na-erubeghị afọ 40. <ref name="pais">{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2010/11/18/actualidad/1290034810_850215.html|title=Cinco científicas de la vida españolas reciben las becas L'Oréal-Unesco|author=M.R.E|work=El País|date=18 November 2010|publisher=}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-achọpụta ihe na Spain * Ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na narị afọ nke 21 == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 2ekct9cz9oz8yxiv934owqwv7qgojoy 655740 655739 2026-06-14T14:29:27Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 655740 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> Aha Ezinụlọ <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Elena Ramírez Parra''' (amụrụ na 1972) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ na onye nyocha nke Spen nke na-amụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi (oké ọkọchị, nnu nke ala, radieshon gabigara ókè, ọnụnọ nke ọla dị arọ na okpomọkụ dị elu na nke dị ala) na uto osisi. Ojiji nke nnyocha ya gụnyere imeziwanye mkpụrụ owuwe ihe ubi. Na 2010, Ramírez meriri ihe nrite L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na Sayensị. == Ndụ == Ramírez gụrụ sayensị nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Madrid na nzere doctorate na Molecular Biology site n'otu mahadum ahụ (2000). Ramírez bụ ọkà mmụta bipụtala akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ. <ref name="cbgp">{{Cite web|title=GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CROP NATURAL VARIATION IN FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS|url=http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php|accessdate=24 May 2017|archivedate=13 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224621/http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elena_Ramirez-Parra|title=Elena Ramirez-Parra - Dr. - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid - INIA - CBGP- Centre of Biotechnology and Genomics in Plants|work=ResearchGate}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye nyocha dị elu na Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, CBGP) nke National Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) na Mahadum Nkà na ụzụ nke Madrid (UPM), ịmụ banyere mmetụta ọjọọ ndị na-akpata nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi na osisi.<ref name="cbgp" /> Nnyocha ya kọwara usoro osisi ji emeso nrụgide dị n'èzí dịka ọkọchị, nnu ala, ígwè dị arọ na oke okpomọkụ. Ọ na-agbalị ịmepụta ọgbọ nke ụdị osisi ọhụrụ ga-eme ka owuwe ihe ubi ka mma. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2010, e nyere ya, ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị anọ (Isabel Lastres Becker, Ana Briones Alonso, Mercedes Vila na María Antonia Herrero), Onyinye L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị. Onyinye a nke € 15,000 bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na-erubeghị afọ 40. <ref name="pais">{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2010/11/18/actualidad/1290034810_850215.html|title=Cinco científicas de la vida españolas reciben las becas L'Oréal-Unesco|author=M.R.E|work=El País|date=18 November 2010|publisher=}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-achọpụta ihe na Spain * Ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na narị afọ nke 21 == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] echvb82y5rhie9hpq62wgcrdsa1yutu 655744 655740 2026-06-14T14:37:18Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added infobox 655744 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> Aha Ezinụlọ <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = | name = Elena Ramírez Parra | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Elena Ramirez Parra.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = 1972 <!--{{birth date |df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}}--> | birth_place = | death_date = <!--{{death date and age |df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)--> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = [[Autonomous University of Madrid]] | thesis_title = <!--(or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = )--> | thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )--> | thesis_year = <!--(or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = )--> | doctoral_advisor = <!--(or | doctoral_advisors = )--> | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = [[botany]] | influences = | influenced = | awards = [[L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science]] | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = <!--(or | spouses = )--> | partner = <!--(or | partners = )--> | children = | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | website = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}--> | footnotes = }} '''Elena Ramírez Parra''' (amụrụ na 1972) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ na onye nyocha nke Spen nke na-amụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi (oké ọkọchị, nnu nke ala, radieshon gabigara ókè, ọnụnọ nke ọla dị arọ na okpomọkụ dị elu na nke dị ala) na uto osisi. Ojiji nke nnyocha ya gụnyere imeziwanye mkpụrụ owuwe ihe ubi. Na 2010, Ramírez meriri ihe nrite L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na Sayensị. == Ndụ == Ramírez gụrụ sayensị nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mahadum Autonomous nke Madrid na nzere doctorate na Molecular Biology site n'otu mahadum ahụ (2000). Ramírez bụ ọkà mmụta bipụtala akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ. <ref name="cbgp">{{Cite web|title=GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CROP NATURAL VARIATION IN FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS|url=http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php|accessdate=24 May 2017|archivedate=13 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224621/http://www.cbgp.upm.es/en/analisis_natural.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elena_Ramirez-Parra|title=Elena Ramirez-Parra - Dr. - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid - INIA - CBGP- Centre of Biotechnology and Genomics in Plants|work=ResearchGate}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye nyocha dị elu na Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, CBGP) nke National Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) na Mahadum Nkà na ụzụ nke Madrid (UPM), ịmụ banyere mmetụta ọjọọ ndị na-akpata nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi na osisi.<ref name="cbgp" /> Nnyocha ya kọwara usoro osisi ji emeso nrụgide dị n'èzí dịka ọkọchị, nnu ala, ígwè dị arọ na oke okpomọkụ. Ọ na-agbalị ịmepụta ọgbọ nke ụdị osisi ọhụrụ ga-eme ka owuwe ihe ubi ka mma. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2010, e nyere ya, ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị anọ (Isabel Lastres Becker, Ana Briones Alonso, Mercedes Vila na María Antonia Herrero), Onyinye L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị. Onyinye a nke € 15,000 bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na-erubeghị afọ 40. <ref name="pais">{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2010/11/18/actualidad/1290034810_850215.html|title=Cinco científicas de la vida españolas reciben las becas L'Oréal-Unesco|author=M.R.E|work=El País|date=18 November 2010|publisher=}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-achọpụta ihe na Spain * Ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na narị afọ nke 21 == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] qpsezutjv0v51jgysvos590i85z0z7z 0 76725 655743 2026-06-14T14:35:48Z ~2026-35005-32 62437 E meziri m edemede 655743 wikitext text/x-wiki ====== ===Nkọwa===ọ pụtara na ọ bụ nke Chineke ====== o3i1grs6vbkrva6dq1pd19dxfooybdj 0 76726 655745 2026-06-14T15:04:49Z Anastesia chi 23720 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342654408|Pascal Saikaly]]" 655745 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Pascal Elias Saikaly''' bụ prọfesọ[[Environmental engineering|Sayensị na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi]] nke Lebanon . A maara ya nke ọma maka ojiji omics maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Microbiology n'ime sistemu eji arụ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ekere [[Mmiri mkpofu|Mmiri ọjọọ]] gụnyere Bioclectrochemistry, membrane bioreactors, na granular sludge.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bashraheel|first=Aseel|date=2020-01-21|title=A Saudi Eco-friendly food waste startup brings value-added benefits|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1615941/saudi-arabia|work=Arab News|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/briny-pool-bacteria-can-clean-up-and-power-up/|title=Briny Pool Bacteria Can Clean Up and Power Up|publisher=R and D World|date=2017-11-07|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wdrc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/News-2020-WDRC%20Translational%20Research.aspx|title=Serving the unserved population of Saudi Arabia with KAUST invented decentralized wastewater recycling system|publisher=Water Desalination and Reuse Center|date=2020-06-04|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://is-met.org/2020/10/12/ismet-awards-2020/|title=ISMET Awards 2020|publisher=The International Society for Microbial Electrochemistry and Technology|date=2020-10-12|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Saikaly na-arụkọ ọrụ ma na-edu ndị otu sayensị na ndị injinia bụ ndị mepụtara ụzọ ọhụrụ isi nweta ike eletrik site na mmiri mkpofu ma na-emepụta ihe ndị bara uru n'otu oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/12/20181211-kaust.html|title=KAUST team develops new chemolithoautotroph bioreactor to convert CO2 to chemicals|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2018-12-11|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Karịsịa, ọ na-ejikọta ọganihu sitere na nanotechnology na nyocha ihe na ọganihu site na microbial ecology iji mepụta ngwaọrụ iji mepụta bioelectricity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-07-bionic-catalysts-energy.html|title=Bionic catalysts to produce clean energy|publisher=Phys.org|date=2019-07-02|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Ọrụ a na-akwado mgbalị ogologo oge nke Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Eze Abdullah iji mee nchọpụta ma wepụta ihe ọzọ na-enye ike. Nnyocha Saikaly mere na-eleba anya n'okwu ndị dị mkpa n'ebe mmiri na-anaghị eru, gụnyere iji mmiri osimiri maka ịsacha ụlọ mposi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moms.com/red-sea-discovery-could-increase-use-saltwater-toilets/|title=Scientists Are Considering Using Saltwater Instead Of Freshwater In Your Toilet, Here's Why|publisher=Moms.com|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ya == Saikaly nwetara B.S. na M.S. ya na Mahadum America nke Beirut. N'afọ 2005, ọ gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na Mahadum Cincinnati. Site na 2005 ruo 2007, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ postdoctoral na Mahadum North Carolina State. Site na 2008 ruo 2010, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum America nke Beirut . N'afọ 2010, ọ sonyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Eze Abdullah, ebe ọ bụ prọfesọ zuru oke ugbu a. == Akwụkwọ o bipụtere == Saikaly nwere ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ edepụtara na Scopus nke e depụtara ihe karịrị ugboro 3000, na-enye ya h-index nke ihe karịrị 30. Isiokwu ya ndị a na-ekwukarị gụnyere: * {{Cite journal|date=2005|title=Use of 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment analysis to assess the impact of solids retention time on the bacterial diversity of activated sludge|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=71|issue=10|pages=5814–5822|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.10.5814-5822.2005|author=Saikaly|first=Pascal|pmid=16204492}} * {{Cite journal|date=2013|title=Do biological-based strategies hold promise to biofouling control in MBRs?|journal=Water Research|volume=47|issue=15|pages=25447–5463|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.033|author=Maleb|first=Lilian|pmid=23863390}} * {{Cite journal|date=2015|title=Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cell Configurations and Power Densities|journal=Environmental Science and Technology Letters|volume=2|issue=8|pages=206–214|doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00180|author=Logan|first=Bruce}} == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://scholar.google.ro/citations?user=mh75-VoAAAAJ&hl=en Onye Ọkà mmụta Google] {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] apttgsezr2b94wev4nc0g8ixolwjisz 655746 655745 2026-06-14T15:06:03Z Anastesia chi 23720 655746 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Pascal Elias Saikaly''' bụ prọfesọ [[Environmental engineering|Sayensị na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi]] nke Lebanon . A maara ya nke ọma maka ojiji omics maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Microbiology n'ime sistemu eji arụ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ekere [[Mmiri mkpofu|Mmiri ọjọọ]] gụnyere Bioclectrochemistry, membrane bioreactors, na granular sludge.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bashraheel|first=Aseel|date=2020-01-21|title=A Saudi Eco-friendly food waste startup brings value-added benefits|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1615941/saudi-arabia|work=Arab News|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/briny-pool-bacteria-can-clean-up-and-power-up/|title=Briny Pool Bacteria Can Clean Up and Power Up|publisher=R and D World|date=2017-11-07|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wdrc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/News-2020-WDRC%20Translational%20Research.aspx|title=Serving the unserved population of Saudi Arabia with KAUST invented decentralized wastewater recycling system|publisher=Water Desalination and Reuse Center|date=2020-06-04|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://is-met.org/2020/10/12/ismet-awards-2020/|title=ISMET Awards 2020|publisher=The International Society for Microbial Electrochemistry and Technology|date=2020-10-12|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Saikaly na-arụkọ ọrụ ma na-edu ndị otu sayensị na ndị injinia bụ ndị mepụtara ụzọ ọhụrụ isi nweta ike eletrik site na mmiri mkpofu ma na-emepụta ihe ndị bara uru n'otu oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/12/20181211-kaust.html|title=KAUST team develops new chemolithoautotroph bioreactor to convert CO2 to chemicals|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2018-12-11|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Karịsịa, ọ na-ejikọta ọganihu sitere na nanotechnology na nyocha ihe na ọganihu site na microbial ecology iji mepụta ngwaọrụ iji mepụta bioelectricity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-07-bionic-catalysts-energy.html|title=Bionic catalysts to produce clean energy|publisher=Phys.org|date=2019-07-02|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Ọrụ a na-akwado mgbalị ogologo oge nke Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Eze Abdullah iji mee nchọpụta ma wepụta ihe ọzọ na-enye ike. Nnyocha Saikaly mere na-eleba anya n'okwu ndị dị mkpa n'ebe mmiri na-anaghị eru, gụnyere iji mmiri osimiri maka ịsacha ụlọ mposi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moms.com/red-sea-discovery-could-increase-use-saltwater-toilets/|title=Scientists Are Considering Using Saltwater Instead Of Freshwater In Your Toilet, Here's Why|publisher=Moms.com|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ya == Saikaly nwetara B.S. na M.S. ya na Mahadum America nke Beirut. N'afọ 2005, ọ gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na Mahadum Cincinnati. Site na 2005 ruo 2007, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ postdoctoral na Mahadum North Carolina State. Site na 2008 ruo 2010, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum America nke Beirut . N'afọ 2010, ọ sonyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Eze Abdullah, ebe ọ bụ prọfesọ zuru oke ugbu a. == Akwụkwọ o bipụtere == Saikaly nwere ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ edepụtara na Scopus nke e depụtara ihe karịrị ugboro 3000, na-enye ya h-index nke ihe karịrị 30. Isiokwu ya ndị a na-ekwukarị gụnyere: * {{Cite journal|date=2005|title=Use of 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment analysis to assess the impact of solids retention time on the bacterial diversity of activated sludge|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=71|issue=10|pages=5814–5822|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.10.5814-5822.2005|author=Saikaly|first=Pascal|pmid=16204492}} * {{Cite journal|date=2013|title=Do biological-based strategies hold promise to biofouling control in MBRs?|journal=Water Research|volume=47|issue=15|pages=25447–5463|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.033|author=Maleb|first=Lilian|pmid=23863390}} * {{Cite journal|date=2015|title=Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cell Configurations and Power Densities|journal=Environmental Science and Technology Letters|volume=2|issue=8|pages=206–214|doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00180|author=Logan|first=Bruce}} == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://scholar.google.ro/citations?user=mh75-VoAAAAJ&hl=en Onye Ọkà mmụta Google] {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 9qmmp9rwwkg4c50a4nd2mlousl1vhoj 655747 655746 2026-06-14T15:10:42Z Anastesia chi 23720 655747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Lebanese professor}} {{Infobox academic | honorific_prefix = <!-- see [[MOS:CREDENTIAL]] and [[MOS:HONORIFIC]] --> | name = Pascal Saikaly | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Pascal Elias Saikaly | birth_date = <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | birth_place = | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | death_cause = | other_names = | occupation = Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering | period = | known_for = [[Bioelectrochemistry]] | title = | boards = <!--board or similar positions extraneous to main occupation--> | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = <!--notable national-level awards only--> | website = https://www.kaust.edu.sa/en/study/faculty/pascal-saikaly | education = | alma_mater = [[American University of Beirut]] [[University of Cincinnati]] | thesis_title = Ecological Approach to Mitigate Toxic Shock Loads in Activated Sludge Systems | thesis_url = http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1125670988 | thesis_year = 2005 | school_tradition = | doctoral_advisor = [[Daniel Oerther]] | academic_advisors = | influences = <!--must be referenced from a third-party source--> | era = | discipline = [[Environmental engineering]] | sub_discipline = [[Wastewater treatment]] | workplaces = [[American University of Beirut]] [[King Abdullah University of Science and Technology]] | doctoral_students = <!--only those with WP articles--> | notable_students = | main_interests = | notable_works = | notable_ideas = | influenced = <!--must be referenced from a third-party source--> | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | footnotes = }} '''Pascal Elias Saikaly''' bụ prọfesọ [[Environmental engineering|Sayensị na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi]] nke Lebanon . A maara ya nke ọma maka ojiji omics maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Microbiology n'ime sistemu eji arụ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ekere [[Mmiri mkpofu|Mmiri ọjọọ]] gụnyere Bioclectrochemistry, membrane bioreactors, na granular sludge.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bashraheel|first=Aseel|date=2020-01-21|title=A Saudi Eco-friendly food waste startup brings value-added benefits|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1615941/saudi-arabia|work=Arab News|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rdworldonline.com/briny-pool-bacteria-can-clean-up-and-power-up/|title=Briny Pool Bacteria Can Clean Up and Power Up|publisher=R and D World|date=2017-11-07|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wdrc.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/News-2020-WDRC%20Translational%20Research.aspx|title=Serving the unserved population of Saudi Arabia with KAUST invented decentralized wastewater recycling system|publisher=Water Desalination and Reuse Center|date=2020-06-04|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://is-met.org/2020/10/12/ismet-awards-2020/|title=ISMET Awards 2020|publisher=The International Society for Microbial Electrochemistry and Technology|date=2020-10-12|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Saikaly na-arụkọ ọrụ ma na-edu ndị otu sayensị na ndị injinia bụ ndị mepụtara ụzọ ọhụrụ isi nweta ike eletrik site na mmiri mkpofu ma na-emepụta ihe ndị bara uru n'otu oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/12/20181211-kaust.html|title=KAUST team develops new chemolithoautotroph bioreactor to convert CO2 to chemicals|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2018-12-11|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Karịsịa, ọ na-ejikọta ọganihu sitere na nanotechnology na nyocha ihe na ọganihu site na microbial ecology iji mepụta ngwaọrụ iji mepụta bioelectricity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-07-bionic-catalysts-energy.html|title=Bionic catalysts to produce clean energy|publisher=Phys.org|date=2019-07-02|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> Ọrụ a na-akwado mgbalị ogologo oge nke Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Eze Abdullah iji mee nchọpụta ma wepụta ihe ọzọ na-enye ike. Nnyocha Saikaly mere na-eleba anya n'okwu ndị dị mkpa n'ebe mmiri na-anaghị eru, gụnyere iji mmiri osimiri maka ịsacha ụlọ mposi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moms.com/red-sea-discovery-could-increase-use-saltwater-toilets/|title=Scientists Are Considering Using Saltwater Instead Of Freshwater In Your Toilet, Here's Why|publisher=Moms.com|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ya == Saikaly nwetara B.S. na M.S. ya na Mahadum America nke Beirut. N'afọ 2005, ọ gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na Mahadum Cincinnati. Site na 2005 ruo 2007, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ postdoctoral na Mahadum North Carolina State. Site na 2008 ruo 2010, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum America nke Beirut . N'afọ 2010, ọ sonyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Eze Abdullah, ebe ọ bụ prọfesọ zuru oke ugbu a. == Akwụkwọ o bipụtere == Saikaly nwere ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ edepụtara na Scopus nke e depụtara ihe karịrị ugboro 3000, na-enye ya h-index nke ihe karịrị 30. Isiokwu ya ndị a na-ekwukarị gụnyere: * {{Cite journal|date=2005|title=Use of 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment analysis to assess the impact of solids retention time on the bacterial diversity of activated sludge|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=71|issue=10|pages=5814–5822|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.10.5814-5822.2005|author=Saikaly|first=Pascal|pmid=16204492}} * {{Cite journal|date=2013|title=Do biological-based strategies hold promise to biofouling control in MBRs?|journal=Water Research|volume=47|issue=15|pages=25447–5463|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.033|author=Maleb|first=Lilian|pmid=23863390}} * {{Cite journal|date=2015|title=Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cell Configurations and Power Densities|journal=Environmental Science and Technology Letters|volume=2|issue=8|pages=206–214|doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00180|author=Logan|first=Bruce}} == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://scholar.google.ro/citations?user=mh75-VoAAAAJ&hl=en Onye Ọkà mmụta Google] {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 3aevp3mvl1qi6bvjntzke3nonrrnr3t 0 76727 655749 2026-06-14T15:28:06Z Anastesia chi 23720 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317931720|Boshra Salem]]" 655749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boshra Salem''' bụ prọfesọ, onye guzobere na onyeisi oche nke Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mahadum Alexandria dị na Alexandria, Ijipt. Ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Unesco's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) International Coordinating Council (ICC) <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem, president of the MAB International Coordinating Council, selected as a new member of the Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/dr_boshra_salem_president_of_the_mab_international_coordinating_council_selected_as_a_new_member_of_the_women_in_science_hall_of_fame_2013/back/18256/|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=Unesco|date=January 29, 2013}}</ref> ma na-eje ozi na Kọmitii International Council for Science (ICSU) maka Atụmatụ Sayensị na Nnyocha. O nwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite, gụnyere ịbụ onye a ma ama dịka ọkà mmụta sayensị nwanyị na Women in Science Hall of Fame site n'aka Embassy of the United States na Cairo, Egypt.<ref name="ICSU">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame|url=http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=International Council for Science}}</ref> == Njem Akwụkwọ ya == Boshra Salem nwetara Ph.D. ya site na Mahadum Alexandria na Imperial College London na 1989. O ji usoro nchọpụta anya mụọ otú e si eji ala eme ihe n'ala kpọrọ nkụ. Dịka onye nkuzi post-doctoral na Mahadum nke London (1994) na Mahadum nke Maryland (1996) O ji ngwaọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na nchekwa data rụọ ọrụ maka njikwa ozi ala na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="ICSU">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame|url=http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=International Council for Science}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160819171633/http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame "Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame"]. ''International Council for Science''. Archived from [http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame the original] on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Nnyocha == Isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị Salem bụ [[mmebi ala]] na ọzara na gburugburu ala kpọrọ nkụ, na ojiji nke mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ, ngwa GIS na nchekwa data eletrọniki iji nyochaa ma mepụta mgbanwe. Ọ na-etinye aka na mmepe nke ebe ndị a na-echebe na ebe nchekwa nke biosphere maka nchekwa dị iche iche, Nnyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi, na isi mmalite ọzọ nke ike anyanwụ.<ref name="ICSU">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame|url=http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=International Council for Science}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160819171633/http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame "Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame"]. ''International Council for Science''. Archived from [http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame the original] on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ mepụtara ọrụ mba ụwa nke ịtọpụ nnu n'anyanwụ maka obodo Bedouin.<ref name="Africa">{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Combating drought and desertification|url=http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495411.pdf|work=Science in Africa|publisher=[[Unesco]]}}</ref><ref name="Unesco">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem, president of the MAB International Coordinating Council, selected as a new member of the Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/dr_boshra_salem_president_of_the_mab_international_coordinating_council_selected_as_a_new_member_of_the_women_in_science_hall_of_fame_2013/back/18256/|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=Unesco|date=January 29, 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/dr_boshra_salem_president_of_the_mab_international_coordinating_council_selected_as_a_new_member_of_the_women_in_science_hall_of_fame_2013/back/18256/ "Dr. Boshra Salem, president of the MAB International Coordinating Council, selected as a new member of the Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013"]. ''Unesco''. January 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ bụ onye ndú otu maka ọrụ Omayed Biosphere Reserve nke Egypt, nke natara 1997 Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation maka ọrụ ya na Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ijipt.<ref name="OMAYED">{{Cite web|title=Biosphere Reserve Information Egypt OMAYED|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=EGY+01&mode=all|work=The MAB Program|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Alsharhan">{{Cite book|chapter=Biosphere reserves on north-western Egyptian coast, a site for monitoring biodiversity and integrated water management|first=Boshra|author=Salem|editor=Alsharhan|title=Water resources perspectives evaluation, management and policy|date=2003|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0444515087|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2XQL6khAIEC&pg=PA119|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Simpson">{{Cite book|chapter=Assessing the cost of groundwater degradation in the urbanizing desert area of Wadi el Natrun|first=Caroline|author=King|editor=Simpson|title=The economy of green cities a world compendium on the green urban economy|date=2013|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-94-007-1969-9|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZl0z0f2AOEC&pg=PA295}}</ref> ya na Caroline King-Okumu na ndị ọzọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD). <ref name="SUMAMAD">{{Cite book|title=Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands SUMAMAD, Fifth Project Workshop Aleppo (Syria) 12 – 17 November 2006|date=2007|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|location=Paris, France|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001531/153198e.pdf}}</ref><ref name="King">{{Cite web|author=King|first=Caroline|title=Fourth Project Workshop Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD) Islamabad (Pakistan) 26 January to 1 February 2006|url=http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4th-Project-Workshop-Islamabad-Pakistan-January-2006.pdf|work=United Nations University|accessdate=10 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101153311/http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4th-Project-Workshop-Islamabad-Pakistan-January-2006.pdf|archivedate=1 January 2018}}</ref> == Onyinye == * 1990, UNESCO MAB Young Scientist Award, maka "Nchọpụta nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi oge na ala kpọrọ nkụ site na mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ. Nnyocha ikpe: Ọzara dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Egypt" <ref name="UNESCO-MAB">{{Cite web|title=MAB Young Scientists Awards 1990|url=http://www.unesco.org/mab/doc/mys/90/salem/90_salem.pdf|work=UNESCO-MAB Young Scientists Awards|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref> * 1997, Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation, na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Faculty of Science, Mahadum Alexandria (Egypt) maka ọrụ ya na Omayed Biosphere Reserve <ref name="Qaboos">{{Cite web|title=Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation - the winners|url=http://www.unesco.org/mab/doc/prizes/sq_winners.pdf|work=Unesco|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref> * 2009, UNESCO Young Scientists Awards: Michel Batisse onyinye maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara njikwa nchekwa biosphere <ref name="UN">{{Cite news|title=UNESCO awards recognize young scientists' contributions to biodiversity|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29934&Cr=unesco&Cr1=youth&Kw1=award|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=UN News Centre|date=18 February 2009}}</ref> * 2013, Women in Science Hall of Fame, Embassy of the United States, Cairo, Egypt, iji sọpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị sayensị pụtara ìhè na Middle East na North Africa <ref name="Eypt">{{Cite web|title=Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013|url=http://egypt.usembassy.gov/wis2013.html|work=Embassy of the United States, Cairo, Egypt|accessdate=9 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614225227/http://egypt.usembassy.gov/wis2013.html|archivedate=2015-06-14}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iompt4apae79vllfmobtsoi9p9jvmhq 655751 655749 2026-06-14T15:48:14Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 655751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boshra Salem''' bụ prọfesọ, onye guzobere na onyeisi oche nke Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mahadum Alexandria dị na Alexandria, Ijipt. Ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Unesco's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) International Coordinating Council (ICC) <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem, president of the MAB International Coordinating Council, selected as a new member of the Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/dr_boshra_salem_president_of_the_mab_international_coordinating_council_selected_as_a_new_member_of_the_women_in_science_hall_of_fame_2013/back/18256/|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=Unesco|date=January 29, 2013}}</ref> ma na-eje ozi na Kọmitii International Council for Science (ICSU) maka Atụmatụ Sayensị na Nnyocha. O nwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite, gụnyere ịbụ onye a ma ama dịka ọkà mmụta sayensị nwanyị na Women in Science Hall of Fame site n'aka Embassy of the United States na Cairo, Egypt.<ref name="ICSU">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame|url=http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=International Council for Science}}</ref> == Njem Akwụkwọ ya == Boshra Salem nwetara Ph.D. ya site na Mahadum Alexandria na Imperial College London na 1989. O ji usoro nchọpụta anya mụọ otú e si eji ala eme ihe n'ala kpọrọ nkụ. Dịka onye nkuzi post-doctoral na Mahadum nke London (1994) na Mahadum nke Maryland (1996) O ji ngwaọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na nchekwa data rụọ ọrụ maka njikwa ozi ala na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="ICSU" />{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame|url=http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=International Council for Science}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160819171633/http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame "Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame"]. ''International Council for Science''. Archived from [http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame the original] on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Nnyocha == Isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị Salem bụ [[mmebi ala]] na ọzara na gburugburu ala kpọrọ nkụ, na ojiji nke mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ, ngwa GIS na nchekwa data eletrọniki iji nyochaa ma mepụta mgbanwe. Ọ na-etinye aka na mmepe nke ebe ndị a na-echebe na ebe nchekwa nke biosphere maka nchekwa dị iche iche, Nnyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi, na isi mmalite ọzọ nke ike anyanwụ.<ref name="ICSU" />{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame|url=http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=International Council for Science}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160819171633/http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame "Dr. Boshra Salem inducted into U.S. Department of State's Women in Science Hall of Fame"]. ''International Council for Science''. Archived from [http://www.icsu.org/news-centre/news/dr.-boshra-salem-inducted-into-u.s.-department-of-state2019s-women-in-science-hall-of-fame the original] on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ mepụtara ọrụ mba ụwa nke ịtọpụ nnu n'anyanwụ maka obodo Bedouin.<ref name="Africa">{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Combating drought and desertification|url=http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495411.pdf|work=Science in Africa|publisher=[[Unesco]]}}</ref><ref name="Unesco" />{{Cite news|title=Dr. Boshra Salem, president of the MAB International Coordinating Council, selected as a new member of the Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/dr_boshra_salem_president_of_the_mab_international_coordinating_council_selected_as_a_new_member_of_the_women_in_science_hall_of_fame_2013/back/18256/|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=Unesco|date=January 29, 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/dr_boshra_salem_president_of_the_mab_international_coordinating_council_selected_as_a_new_member_of_the_women_in_science_hall_of_fame_2013/back/18256/ "Dr. Boshra Salem, president of the MAB International Coordinating Council, selected as a new member of the Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013"]. ''Unesco''. January 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ bụ onye ndú otu maka ọrụ Omayed Biosphere Reserve nke Egypt, nke natara 1997 Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation maka ọrụ ya na Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ijipt.<ref name="OMAYED">{{Cite web|title=Biosphere Reserve Information Egypt OMAYED|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=EGY+01&mode=all|work=The MAB Program|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Alsharhan">{{Cite book|chapter=Biosphere reserves on north-western Egyptian coast, a site for monitoring biodiversity and integrated water management|first=Boshra|author=Salem|editor=Alsharhan|title=Water resources perspectives evaluation, management and policy|date=2003|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0444515087|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2XQL6khAIEC&pg=PA119|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Simpson">{{Cite book|chapter=Assessing the cost of groundwater degradation in the urbanizing desert area of Wadi el Natrun|first=Caroline|author=King|editor=Simpson|title=The economy of green cities a world compendium on the green urban economy|date=2013|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-94-007-1969-9|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZl0z0f2AOEC&pg=PA295}}</ref> ya na Caroline King-Okumu na ndị ọzọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD). <ref name="SUMAMAD">{{Cite book|title=Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands SUMAMAD, Fifth Project Workshop Aleppo (Syria) 12 – 17 November 2006|date=2007|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|location=Paris, France|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001531/153198e.pdf}}</ref><ref name="King">{{Cite web|author=King|first=Caroline|title=Fourth Project Workshop Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD) Islamabad (Pakistan) 26 January to 1 February 2006|url=http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4th-Project-Workshop-Islamabad-Pakistan-January-2006.pdf|work=United Nations University|accessdate=10 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101153311/http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4th-Project-Workshop-Islamabad-Pakistan-January-2006.pdf|archivedate=1 January 2018}}</ref> == Onyinye == * 1990, UNESCO MAB Young Scientist Award, maka "Nchọpụta nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi oge na ala kpọrọ nkụ site na mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ. Nnyocha ikpe: Ọzara dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Egypt" <ref name="UNESCO-MAB">{{Cite web|title=MAB Young Scientists Awards 1990|url=http://www.unesco.org/mab/doc/mys/90/salem/90_salem.pdf|work=UNESCO-MAB Young Scientists Awards|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref> * 1997, Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation, na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Faculty of Science, Mahadum Alexandria (Egypt) maka ọrụ ya na Omayed Biosphere Reserve <ref name="Qaboos">{{Cite web|title=Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation - the winners|url=http://www.unesco.org/mab/doc/prizes/sq_winners.pdf|work=Unesco|accessdate=10 July 2016}}</ref> * 2009, UNESCO Young Scientists Awards: Michel Batisse onyinye maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara njikwa nchekwa biosphere <ref name="UN">{{Cite news|title=UNESCO awards recognize young scientists' contributions to biodiversity|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29934&Cr=unesco&Cr1=youth&Kw1=award|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=UN News Centre|date=18 February 2009}}</ref> * 2013, Women in Science Hall of Fame, Embassy of the United States, Cairo, Egypt, iji sọpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị sayensị pụtara ìhè na Middle East na North Africa <ref name="Eypt">{{Cite web|title=Women in Science Hall of Fame - 2013|url=http://egypt.usembassy.gov/wis2013.html|work=Embassy of the United States, Cairo, Egypt|accessdate=9 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614225227/http://egypt.usembassy.gov/wis2013.html|archivedate=2015-06-14}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9pl3hne3n16gkss3k48wp117zx84sd2 0 76728 655750 2026-06-14T15:47:20Z Specialyvonne 56002 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352934210|Sonja Barth]]" 655750 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}'''Sonja Louise Barth''' (21 Mee 1923 - 10 Septemba n'afọ 2016, nke a mụrụ Skoklefald) bụ onye Norwegian na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="bakke">{{Cite news|author=Bakke|first=Tor A.|title=Nekrolog: Sonja Louise Barth|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/Mv6qJ/Nekrolog-Sonja-Louise-Barth|accessdate=3 May 2019|work=[[Aftenposten]]|date=14 September 2016|language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name="edvard">{{Cite book|title=Norsk Biografisk Leksikon|url=https://nbl.snl.no/Edvard_K_Barth|accessdate=3 May 2019|chapter=Edvard K Barth|language=Norwegian}}</ref> N'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na XU, ọrụ nzuzo nguzogide ọrụ nke Norwegian nke e debere ọrụ ya na nzuzo ruo n'afọ 1988. N'afọ 2008, ọ kọwaara Lars Otto Wollum ahụmahụ ya, na ọnọdụ na ọ gaghị ebipụta ihe ọ bụla n'ime ha ruo mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.<ref name="wollum">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sollia.net/nytt-fra-bygd-og-fjell/minneord-om-sonja-barth|title=Minneord om Sonja Barth|date=16 September 2016|author=Wollum|first=Lars Otto|language=Norwegian|accessdate=3 May 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, a họpụtara ya na Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav . Nkwupụta ahụ zoro aka na ọrụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze na mgbasa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị, yana ọrụ ya na mpaghara Rondane.<ref name="olav">{{Cite web|title=Utnevnelser til St. Olavs Orden|url=https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=74490&sek=26939|publisher=The Royal House of Norway|accessdate=3 May 2019|date=5 December 2008|language=Norwegian}}</ref> Na 14 Nọvemba nke afọ 1945 ọ lụrụ Edvard Kaurin Barth (n'afọ 1913- ruo n'afọ 1996), onye na-ese foto na onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ.<ref name="edvard">{{Cite book|title=Norsk Biografisk Leksikon|url=https://nbl.snl.no/Edvard_K_Barth|accessdate=3 May 2019|chapter=Edvard K Barth|language=Norwegian}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * Sonja Barth, Edvard K. Barth na Roald Smestad: "Ụlọ Mkpọrọ na Remdalen", Hemgrenda, Ringebu historilag, Mpịakọta 15, 1991, peeji nke 19-30&nbsp; * Sonja Barth na Edvard K. Barth: "Fangstgravrecken Skjæringfjell-Imsdalsvola na mkparịta ụka ya na Mats na Hallvar Huset", Yearbook for the Norwegian Forestry Museum. Ọhịa, ịchụ nta na igbu azụ, Nke 13, 1990-1992, peeji nke 220-232&nbsp; * Sonja Barth na Edvard K. Barth: "Nweta akụkọ ihe mere eme", Elverum: Norwegian Forestry Museum, 1989 * Sonja Barth na Edvard K. Barth: "Fangstgraver i et trollsk skoglandskap", Statsskog: akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ ọrụ maka statens skoger, vol. 25, Nke 4, 1989, peeji nke 9-12&nbsp; * Sonja Barth na Edvard K. Barth: "Fangstgraves na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Engerdal", na Norwegian Forestry Museum. Yearbook, Nke 11, 1986, peeji nke 189-208&nbsp; * Sonja Barth na Edvard K. Barth: "Falconer tufts na falconry na Southern Norway", na Norwegian Forestry Museum. Yearbook, Nke 10, 1984, peeji nke 219-251&nbsp; * Sonja Barth na Edvard K. Barth: "Ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide reindeer na Storøa na Engerdal", na Norwegian Forestry Museum. Yearbook, Nke 9, 1981, peeji nke 260-271&nbsp; * Sonja Barth: Andereiret, ya na Edvard K. Barth, Oslo: Cappelen, 1948 == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga == * ''Gụnyere foto nke Barth''{{Cite web|url=https://digitaltmuseum.no/021015795169/sonja-barth-1923-2016-fotografert-pa-en-oppmurt-steinkonstruksjon-cirka|title=Sonja Barth (1923-2016)|publisher=Anno Norsk skogmuseum|language=Norwegian}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] ts1lf4bpi2cejb7yaa8f12b3f0qpf24 1728 76729 655752 2026-06-14T16:06:56Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Created event page 655752 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Overview'''== Project Summary Political Voices in Igbo Language is a collaborative translation project between the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Imo State University aimed at improving access to reliable information about Nigerian politicians in the Igbo language. The project addresses the limited availability of political content in Igbo Wikipedia, which restricts access to civic knowledge for many native Igbo speakers. =='''Project Timeline'''== * June 20 - July 4, 2026 * Project Launch and Physical event - June 20, 2026 10:00 AM WAT * Venue: Pinewood hotel, owerri * Online training session - June 23, 2026 5:00 PM WAT * Project ends - July 4, 2026 11:59 PM WAT<br /> =='''Project Team'''== * Project Lead: [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] * Logistics and technical officer:[[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] * Communication manager and trainer: [[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] =='''Resources'''== * [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1duD8XPeqXNLW7pqNH18gija1E5eMQTpYbZK5fq-T5cI/edit?usp=sharing Topic list] =='''Prizes'''== TBD [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 9gu0vbt6eft3koocwcbi37o5vgn7ay7 655813 655752 2026-06-15T06:21:13Z Chiziqa 13055 Added project e-flyer 655813 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Political Voices in Igbo Language.jpg|thumb|Political Voices project in Igbo language]] =='''Overview'''== Project Summary Political Voices in Igbo Language is a collaborative translation project between the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Imo State University aimed at improving access to reliable information about Nigerian politicians in the Igbo language. The project addresses the limited availability of political content in Igbo Wikipedia, which restricts access to civic knowledge for many native Igbo speakers. =='''Project Timeline'''== * June 20 - July 4, 2026 * Project Launch and Physical event - June 20, 2026 10:00 AM WAT * Venue: Pinewood hotel, owerri * Online training session - June 23, 2026 5:00 PM WAT * Project ends - July 4, 2026 11:59 PM WAT<br /> =='''Project Team'''== * Project Lead: [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] * Logistics and technical officer:[[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] * Communication manager and trainer: [[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] =='''Resources'''== * [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1duD8XPeqXNLW7pqNH18gija1E5eMQTpYbZK5fq-T5cI/edit?usp=sharing Topic list] =='''Prizes'''== TBD [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] rjilmom5pdn9uwzl20lw5vdmd010hk5 655814 655813 2026-06-15T06:22:59Z Chiziqa 13055 655814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ [[File:Political Voices in Igbo Language.jpg|thumb|Political Voices project in Igbo language]] }} =='''Overview'''== Project Summary Political Voices in Igbo Language is a collaborative translation project between the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Imo State University aimed at improving access to reliable information about Nigerian politicians in the Igbo language. The project addresses the limited availability of political content in Igbo Wikipedia, which restricts access to civic knowledge for many native Igbo speakers. =='''Project Timeline'''== * June 20 - July 4, 2026 * Project Launch and Physical event - June 20, 2026 10:00 AM WAT * Venue: Pinewood hotel, owerri * Online training session - June 23, 2026 5:00 PM WAT * Project ends - July 4, 2026 11:59 PM WAT<br /> =='''Project Team'''== * Project Lead: [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] * Logistics and technical officer:[[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] * Communication manager and trainer: [[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] =='''Resources'''== * [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1duD8XPeqXNLW7pqNH18gija1E5eMQTpYbZK5fq-T5cI/edit?usp=sharing Topic list] =='''Prizes'''== TBD [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] i6dn8eo9xon5358utuyzl7dizxmw31l 655815 655814 2026-06-15T06:24:03Z Chiziqa 13055 655815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Political Voices in Igbo Language.jpg|thumb|Political Voices project in Igbo language]] =='''Overview'''== Project Summary Political Voices in Igbo Language is a collaborative translation project between the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Imo State University aimed at improving access to reliable information about Nigerian politicians in the Igbo language. The project addresses the limited availability of political content in Igbo Wikipedia, which restricts access to civic knowledge for many native Igbo speakers. =='''Project Timeline'''== * June 20 - July 4, 2026 * Project Launch and Physical event - June 20, 2026 10:00 AM WAT * Venue: Pinewood hotel, owerri * Online training session - June 23, 2026 5:00 PM WAT * Project ends - July 4, 2026 11:59 PM WAT<br /> =='''Project Team'''== * Project Lead: [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] * Logistics and technical officer:[[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] * Communication manager and trainer: [[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] =='''Resources'''== * [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1duD8XPeqXNLW7pqNH18gija1E5eMQTpYbZK5fq-T5cI/edit?usp=sharing Topic list] =='''Prizes'''== TBD [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 6tbq00mz0okjjr3euva8ix5g6a2ay8g 0 76730 655753 2026-06-14T16:10:38Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350148760|Mostafa Kamal Tolba]]" 655753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mostafa Kamal Tolba | birth_place = [[Zefta]], [[Gharbia Governorate]], [[Egypt]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|12|8|df=y}} | death_place = [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2016|3|28|1922|12|8|df=y}} | native_name = {{nobold|مصطفى كمال طلبة}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = DR MOSTAFA TOLBA.jpg | alt = | caption = | order = | office = President of the Egyptian Olympic Committee | status = <!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.--> | term_start = 1971 | term_end = 1972 | alongside = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district. (e.g. United States Senators.)--> | monarch = | president = | governor-general = | taoiseach = | chancellor = | governor = | deputy = | lieutenant = | vicechair = | succeeding = <!--For President-elect or equivalent--> | constituency = | majority = | predecessor = Muhammad Abu el-Ezz | successor = Abdel Moneim Wahbi Hussein | prior_term = | order2 = | office2 = 2nd Executive Director of [[United Nations Environment Programme]] | termstart2 = 1975 | termend2 = 1992 | alongside2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | monarch2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | president2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | governor-general2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | primeminister2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | chancellor2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | taoiseach2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | governor2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | vicepresident2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | viceprimeminister2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | deputy2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | lieutenant2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | vicechair2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | succeeding2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | predecessor2 = [[Maurice Strong]] | successor2 = [[Elizabeth Dowdeswell]] | parliamentarygroup2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | majority2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | prior_term2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | profession = Doctor }} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Infobox officeholder | name = Mostafa Kamal Tolba | birth_place = [[Zefta]], [[Gharbia Governorate]], [[Egypt]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|12|8|df=y}} | death_place = [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2016|3|28|1922|12|8|df=y}} | native_name = {{nobold|مصطفى كمال طلبة}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = DR MOSTAFA TOLBA.jpg | alt = | caption = | order = | office = President of the Egyptian Olympic Committee | status = <!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.--> | term_start = 1971 | term_end = 1972 | alongside = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district. (e.g. United States Senators.)--> | monarch = | president = | governor-general = | taoiseach = | chancellor = | governor = | deputy = | lieutenant = | vicechair = | succeeding = <!--For President-elect or equivalent--> | constituency = | majority = | predecessor = Muhammad Abu el-Ezz | successor = Abdel Moneim Wahbi Hussein | prior_term = | order2 = | office2 = 2nd Executive Director of [[United Nations Environment Programme]] | termstart2 = 1975 | termend2 = 1992 | alongside2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | monarch2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | president2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | governor-general2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | primeminister2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | chancellor2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | taoiseach2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | governor2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | vicepresident2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | viceprimeminister2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | deputy2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | lieutenant2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | vicechair2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | succeeding2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | predecessor2 = [[Maurice Strong]] | successor2 = [[Elizabeth Dowdeswell]] | parliamentarygroup2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | majority2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | prior_term2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number--> | profession = Doctor }} '''Mostafa Kamal Tolba''' (8 Disemba 1922 – 28 Maachị 2016) bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Ijipt nke jere ozi ruo afọ iri na asaa dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Mmemme Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] (UNEP).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2001|date=2001|publisher=Europa Publications|isbn=1857430891|edition=3rd}}</ref> N'ọkwa ahụ, o duziri mmepe nke [[Montreal Protocol]], nke zọpụtara ozone layer na si otú a zọpụta ọtụtụ nde mmadụ site na ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ na mmetụta ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Vaughan|first=Scott|date=29 March 2016|title=Dr. Mostafa Tolba: Architect of the Montreal Protocol, IPCC and Biodiversity Convention|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/dr-mostafa-tolba-architect-montreal-protocol-ipcc-and-biodiversity-convention|accessdate=2023-05-21|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ Ndụ == A mụrụ Mustafa Kamal Tolba n'obodo Zifta (nke dị na Gharbia Governorate), Tolba gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cairo na 1943 wee nweta PhD na Imperial College London afọ ise ka e mesịrị. Ọ hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ya na microbiology na ngalaba sayensị nke Mahadum Cairo ma kụzikwaara ya na Mahadum Baghdad n'oge 1950s. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, Tolba rụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ obodo Egypt.<ref name="UNEP">{{Cite web|url=http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml|title=2005 Awards Profiles: Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt)|work=The Vienna Convention Award For Outstanding Contributions to the Protection of the Ozone Layer|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]|accessdate=2010-10-08|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150412223537/http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml|archivedate=2015-04-12}}</ref> Mgbe o jesịrị ozi obere oge dị ka onye isi oche kọmitii Olympic nke Egypt (1971–1972), Tolba duuru ndị nnọchi anya Egypt gaa na ogbako Stockholm nke 1972, bụ nke hiwere mmemme gburugburu gburugburu mba United Nations. Tolba ghọrọ osote onye isi oche UNEP ozugbo ogbako ahụ gasịrị, afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ewelitere ya ịbụ onye isi nchịkwa. N'oge ọ nọrọ ogologo oge dịka onye nduzi nke UNEP (1975–1992), ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọgụ megide mbelata ozone, nke mechara na Vienna Convention (1985) na [[Montreal Protocol]] (1987).<ref name="UNEP">{{Cite web|url=http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml|title=2005 Awards Profiles: Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt)|work=The Vienna Convention Award For Outstanding Contributions to the Protection of the Ozone Layer|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]|accessdate=2010-10-08|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150412223537/http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml|archivedate=2015-04-12}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150412223537/http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml "2005 Awards Profiles: Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt)"]. ''The Vienna Convention Award For Outstanding Contributions to the Protection of the Ozone Layer''. [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations Environment Programme]]. Archived from [http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml the original] on 2015-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-08</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mostafa Tolba: Green giant: A creator of the successful regime to reduce global emissions has died|url=https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21695857-creator-successful-regime-reduce-global-emissions-has-died-green-giant|accessdate=2 April 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=2 April 2016}}</ref> O mere ka mkparịta ụka ndị a kwe omume site n'ije ozi dị ka àkwà mmiri n'etiti ndị minista na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ebe ọ bụ na ha aghọtaghị asụsụ ibe ha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Vaughan|first=Scott|date=29 March 2016|title=Dr. Mostafa Tolba: Architect of the Montreal Protocol, IPCC and Biodiversity Convention|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/dr-mostafa-tolba-architect-montreal-protocol-ipcc-and-biodiversity-convention|accessdate=2023-05-21|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVaughan2016">Vaughan, Scott (29 March 2016). [https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/dr-mostafa-tolba-architect-montreal-protocol-ipcc-and-biodiversity-convention "Dr. Mostafa Tolba: Architect of the Montreal Protocol, IPCC and Biodiversity Convention"]. ''International Institute for Sustainable Development''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ kọwara Montreal Protocol dị ka nkwekọrịta "mmalite na ime ka ọ sie ike", ebe ndị otu ahụ malitere n'ụzọ dị nro, nweta ihe ọmụma ha chọrọ iji wepụ kemịkalụ dị ize ndụ, ma nweta obi ike ha chọrọ ime ihe karịrị akarị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Mostafa Tolba, Father of Montreal Protocol, Dies at 93 - IGSD|date=29 March 2016|url=https://www.igsd.org/dr-mostafa-tolba-father-of-montreal-protocol-dies-at-93/|accessdate=2023-05-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ duziri mkparịta ụka nke ọma maka Mgbakọ Basel nke mkpofu dị ize ndụ gafere oke.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Vaughan|first=Scott|date=29 March 2016|title=Dr. Mostafa Tolba: Architect of the Montreal Protocol, IPCC and Biodiversity Convention|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/dr-mostafa-tolba-architect-montreal-protocol-ipcc-and-biodiversity-convention|accessdate=2023-05-21|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVaughan2016">Vaughan, Scott (29 March 2016). [https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/dr-mostafa-tolba-architect-montreal-protocol-ipcc-and-biodiversity-convention "Dr. Mostafa Tolba: Architect of the Montreal Protocol, IPCC and Biodiversity Convention"]. ''International Institute for Sustainable Development''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> O nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịmepụta na nhazi nke [[Ngalaba Gọọmentị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe|Òtù Ọchịchị Mba Nile na Mgbanwe Ihu Igwe]], na [[Global Environment Facility|Ebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Ụwa]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bolin|first=Bert|title=A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change. The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}</ref> O duuru ọrụ ahụ iji mepụta [[Nkwekọrịta Banyere Ụdị Dị iche iche|Mgbakọ na Ụdịdị Dị Iche Iche nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ]].<ref name=":0" /> Na 1982, Mostafa K. Tolba, dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, gwara ndị nnọchiteanya UN na ọ bụrụ na mba ụwa anọgide na-eme iwu ha ugbu a, ha ga-eche ihu n'oge mmalite nke narị afọ <nowiki>a "</nowiki>nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke ga-ahụ mbibi zuru oke, nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, dịka mbibi nuklia ọ bụla.<nowiki>"</nowiki><ref>{{Cite news|author=Shabecoff|first=Philip|date=1982-05-11|title=U.N. ECOLOGY PARLEY OPENS AMID GLOOM|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/11/world/un-ecology-parley-opens-amid-gloom.html|accessdate=2023-02-07}}</ref> Tolba nwụrụ na 28 Maachị 2016 na Geneva mgbe ọ dị afọ 93.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mostafa K. Tolba, U.N. environmental official, dies at 93|author=Weil|first=Martin|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/energy-environment/mostafa-k-tolba-un-environmental-official-dies-at-93/2016/03/29/e38b1e74-f558-11e5-9804-537defcc3cf6_story.html|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=29 March 2016|accessdate=1 April 2016}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Mbipụta Tolba gụnyere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 95 gbasara ọrịa osisi, yana ihe karịrị okwu na isiokwu 600 gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="UNEP">{{Cite web|url=http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml|title=2005 Awards Profiles: Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt)|work=The Vienna Convention Award For Outstanding Contributions to the Protection of the Ozone Layer|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]|accessdate=2010-10-08|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150412223537/http://ozone.unep.org/Events/awards2005_profiles.shtml|archivedate=2015-04-12}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 4g1tz6qr4mhxnvd3d1c87cv6lnkyezz 1728 76731 655756 2026-06-14T16:39:05Z Olugold 12202 Jiri 'The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Str...' kere ihü 655756 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} === learning objectives=== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. === Expected Outcomes === By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. Refreshments will be provided. Transportation support will be available. °Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians. 4qlxwgvexs45x8hagq3b66b4p71r5cs 655759 655756 2026-06-14T16:58:28Z Olugold 12202 655759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} === learning objectives=== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. === Expected Outcomes === By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. Refreshments will be provided. Transportation support will be available. °Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians. 0vjup8gat3v1nw9tbpvx0l9yol3lgo9 655763 655759 2026-06-14T17:09:48Z Olugold 12202 655763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} === learning objectives=== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. === Expected Outcomes === By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} t4zhnap9fnllwpilmuo0vr19v9xhkv3 655764 655763 2026-06-14T17:10:22Z Olugold 12202 added [[Category:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 655764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} === learning objectives=== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. === Expected Outcomes === By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 865xj785y9ymjkaq4hds9viq96izmsk 655766 655764 2026-06-14T17:16:21Z Olugold 12202 /* learning objectives */ 655766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. === Expected Outcomes === By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] sh4pluxykyrqi67vrzoxfbky8gcp227 655767 655766 2026-06-14T17:21:34Z Olugold 12202 /* Expected Outcomes */ 655767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ===[[File:White check mark in dark green rounded square.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected Outcomes }}=== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] lymo601qtq6ut4fmfwklbdoejkm8z4w 655769 655767 2026-06-14T17:22:45Z Olugold 12202 /* 40px {{Color|green| Expected Outcomes }} */ 655769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective''', in collaboration with the '''Igbo Wikimedians User Group''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected Outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 9b0gs1cm6q0zpg3kj8ywbpz7t461xn9 655771 655769 2026-06-14T17:26:31Z Olugold 12202 655771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography Editing Training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected Outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] ky3trlrxua8jp3cfwxswggaxk8cptsw 655772 655771 2026-06-14T17:27:09Z Olugold 12202 655772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected Outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] j2b9zkyks0kkvprdjfba6fm0h51diof 655773 655772 2026-06-14T17:28:13Z Olugold 12202 /* 40px {{Color|green| Expected Outcomes }} */ 655773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 5c6e5e28501bkrilbe8fwd8gohlmqf1 655776 655773 2026-06-14T17:34:19Z Olugold 12202 /* 40px {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }} */ 655776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 8sazxj3fskodnwnwy23iih92mtg5m0t 655779 655776 2026-06-14T18:00:58Z Olugold 12202 655779 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; font-color:#ffffff; background:#00af89;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[meta:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[meta:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective 2026 Community Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] mxbk1007lyzmoo3riacvfeyivga0qkd 655780 655779 2026-06-14T18:02:17Z Olugold 12202 655780 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; font-color:#ffffff; background:#00af89;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] qhpo4oap3gp97v9ae3ghbktp0x5fjca 655781 655780 2026-06-14T18:03:14Z Olugold 12202 655781 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#00af89;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] ergxst4uh4eom5i6mogxajbf4e9beiv 655782 655781 2026-06-14T18:10:28Z Olugold 12202 655782 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] i3lo74hjdzyals9vpq4h6cakvkuxlfv 655784 655782 2026-06-14T18:16:24Z Olugold 12202 655784 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Transportation support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] pc14co35qz40fqyub0yvnncxswarywo 655785 655784 2026-06-14T18:17:41Z Olugold 12202 /* 40px {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }} */ 655785 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Organizers | Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective and Igbo Wikimedians User Group |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 98si8z2nby17nfbc1mczb28fbdyflzf 655828 655785 2026-06-15T09:47:57Z Olugold 12202 655828 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Speakers | [[User:Dappasolomon001|Dappa Solomon]], <br/> [[user: BishopNana|Bishop Nana]] |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] mqpha3jy9zlr1zvdiv3xspuu8tu4k4e 655829 655828 2026-06-15T09:48:34Z Olugold 12202 655829 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Speakers | [[User:Dappasolomon001|Dappa Solomon]], [[user: Bishopnana|Bishop Nana]] |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] hmnjqkql0akcopqn903exsc7fsv7ig0 655830 655829 2026-06-15T09:49:48Z Olugold 12202 655830 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Speakers | [[User:Dappasolomon001|Dappa Solomon]], [[user: BishopNana|Bishop Nana]] |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 4n0cohai4j4l6jhac6hatpp8vlsmn3l 0 76732 655758 2026-06-14T16:58:01Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345366505|Emmanuel Unuabonah]]" 655758 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah''' (Jenụwarị 16, 1975 – Maachị 26, 2025) bụ onye mmụta na Naịjirịa, ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na prọfesọ nke kemistri ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> A maara ya maka nnyocha ya gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ onye isi ntọala nke African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER) na Mahadum Redeemer's na Naịjirịa. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Unuabona nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.Sc. na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Mahadum Benin]] na 1999, nakwa akara ugo mmụta M.Sc. na PhD na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na Mahadum Ibadan n'afọ 2003 na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> N'oge ọrụ nkuzi ya na Mahadum Redeemer's dị na [[Ȯra Osun|Osun State]], Naịjirịa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Directorate of Academic Planning and Quality Assurance<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=Brief History|url=https://run.edu.ng/directorate-of-academic-planning-and-quality-assurance/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> na African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=About ACEWATER|url=https://run-acewater.org/about-acewater/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah, Founding President, Nigerian Young Academy (NYA)|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 8, 2025}}</ref> Unuabona nwụrụ n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|work=The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)|title=In memoriam|url=https://twas.org/memoriam|accessdate=2025-09-08|language=en}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Unuabonah bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta nwere akwụkwọ 100 e nyochara nke ọma, nwere ihe karịrị 5500 ntụle na h-index nke 41,<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=August 5, 2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=qLOKMCgAAAAJ|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=Google Scholar}}</ref> ọtụtụ n'ime ha lekwasịrị anya na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri, [[Mmetọ|ihe ndị na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi]], na nyocha ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide. Ndị otu nyocha ya mepụtara ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala dị ọnụ ala, nke e si n'ógbè ahụ nweta maka iwepụ ọgwụ nje, [[Endocrine disrupters|ihe ndị na-emebi endocrine]], microplastics, na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha site na mmiri ndị e metọrọ emetọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=PositiveNaija|date=October 24, 2022|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah Wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.positivenaija.com/emmanuel-iyayi-unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O so hazie akwụkwọ Springer Water Strategic Management of Wastewater sitere na Intensive Rural Industries (2025),<ref>{{Cite book|author=Oladoja|first=Nurudeen|title=Strategic Management of Wastewater from Intensive Rural Industries|date=July 22, 2025|publisher=Springer Cham|isbn=978-3-031-90313-7|edition=1st|location=Switzerland}}</ref> nke na-enye aka na isiakwụkwọ gbasara mmiri mkpofu sitere na agba agba, ákwà, nhazi nkwụ mmanụ, na ngalaba ime obodo ndị ọzọ. Isi ihe ndị a họọrọ maka nnyocha gụnyere: Akpụkpọ ahụ fotocatalytic nke e ji ụrọ mee, ihe ndị ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ugwuja|first=Chidinma|date=August 5, 2025|title=Clay-based Photocatalytic Membranes: Low-cost Alternative Materials for Water Treatment|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00313j|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry}}</ref> Ngwakọta biomass-clay na-adịgide adịgide maka iwepụ benzenediols, Nhazi usoro na ike maka ịsacha mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alfred|first=Moses|date=August 5, 2025|title=Sustainable biomass-clay-ZnWO4 combos for the abatement of benzenediols: Process optimization and dynamics for water purification|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714425013145|journal=Journal of Water Process Engineering|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108242}}</ref> Nyocha ihe egwu na iwepụ ihe fọdụrụ na nje [[Igbochi nje|bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje]] na mmiri sitere na Ede, Naịjirịa,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=Gloria|date=August 5, 2025|title=Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria|journal=Heliyon|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41538|pmid=39866425}}</ref> Nyochaa ohere nke ịmepụta sistemụ aquaculture efu (Eprel 2025),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oladoja|first=NA|date=2025|title=Evaluating the feasibility of creating a zero waste discharge aquaculture system|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ew/d4ew01080a|journal=Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1325–1338|doi=10.1039/D4EW01080A}}</ref> Nyocha dị oke mkpa nke nsí na iwepụ parabens na mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bolujoko|first=Nathaniel|date=September 20, 2021|title=Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721031636|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=792|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092|pmid=34147811}}</ref> Atụmatụ mmeghari ohuru maka matrices siri ike ejiri mee ihe na mmịpụta nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ sitere na mmiri dị n'elu: nyocha dị oke mkpa (2016),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=August 1, 2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624037020|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> na Nhazi Multistage nke Adsorption nke Methylene Blue Dye na Mkpụrụ papaya Defatted (2009).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Unuabonah|first=Emmanuel|date=December 15, 2009|title=Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894709004999|journal=Chemical Engineering Journal|volume=155|issue=3|pages=567–579|doi=10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.012}}</ref> === Mmetụta na ntụaka dị na akwụkwọ sayensị === A kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 gbasara ụrọ ngwakọ e ji mkpụrụ pọpọ Carica na Kaolinite kwadebe dị ka ihe ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka iwepụ ígwè dị arọ na nyocha ndị e mechara na ngwakọta ọgwụgwọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jaspal|first=Dipika|date=2020-05-01|title=Composites for wastewater purification: A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519330292|journal=Chemosphere|volume=246|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125788|pmid=31918098|issn=0045-6535}}</ref> Ndị mgbasa ozi sayensị mba ụwa kpuchikwara nnyocha ahụ, nke gosipụtara ike ịchekwa ego maka mmiri dị ọcha na ntọala akụrụngwa dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bernstein|first=Michael|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/689760|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> E jirila nyocha dị mkpa nke afọ 2016 gbasara atụmatụ mmeghari maka ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ka ihe e ji amata ihe na akwụkwọ ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mmeghari na iji ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ọnụ ala eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=El Messaoudi|first=Noureddine|date=2024|title=Regeneration and reusability of non-conventional low-cost adsorbents to remove dyes from wastewaters in multiple consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles: a review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|volume=14|issue=11|pages=11739–11756|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> Nyocha sara mbara nke ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị n'ákwà na-akpọtụ ma na-akọwa ụzọ mmeghari ihe dị mkpa maka onyinye ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Momina|first=Mohammad Shahadat|date=July 10, 2018|title=Regeneration performance of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of Industrial dyes: a review|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry|volume=8|issue=43|pages=24571–24587|doi=10.1039/C8RA04290J|pmid=35539168}}</ref> Nyocha ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mkpụrụ pọpọ dị ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe/ihe na-amịpụta ihe ma na-atụle ihe ndị mejupụtara mkpụrụ pọpọ/ihe na-amịpụta ihe, na-ezo aka na ịgbatị ụzọ e si eduzi ọmụmụ ihe HYCA.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Khee|first=Y.L|date=2023|title=Valorizing papaya seed waste for wastewater treatment: a review|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9|journal=International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2327–2346|doi=10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bayode|first=Ajibola|date=May 2, 2023|title=A review on the versatility of Carica papaya seed: an agrogenic waste for the removal of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water|journal=Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology|volume=98|issue=9|pages=2095–2109|doi=10.1002/jctb.7415}}</ref> Ọmụmụ ihe nnwale na ụdị teknụzụ ndị ọzọ mechara dabere na echiche mbụ nke ụrọ ngwakọ iji gbasaa arụmọrụ na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke anionic na nje bacteria, na-egosi mgbasa usoro.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jun An|first=Hyung|date=April 8, 2020|title=Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon|url=https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/11/47?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound|journal=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology|volume=11|pages=597–605|doi=10.3762/bjnano.11.47|pmid=32318320}}</ref> == Mkpuchi mgbasa ozi == Otu profaịlụ nke World Academy of Sciences kọwara nyocha nhicha dị ọnụ ala ya site na iji mkpụrụ ụrọ na pọpọ ma kwuo nkwado TWAS ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Serra|first=Cristina|date=August 27, 2015|title=Clean water for Nigeria|url=https://www.twas.org/article/clean-water-nigeria|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa kpuchiri ihe nrite ọlaedo nke Nigerian Academy of Science, gụnyere Vanguard, The Guardian, na The Punch.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Eyoboka|first=Sam|date=February 25, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Michael|date=February 15, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=PUNCHNG|date=February 21, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins science academy's gold prize|url=https://punchng.com/unuabonah-wins-science-academys-gold-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ gbasara ihe ọhụrụ ụrọ ya pụtara na mgbasa ozi ama ama na-ekwusi ike na ike dị ọnụ ala maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|journal=American Chemical Society}}</ref> Agência FAPESP kọrọ gbasara mmekorita Brazil na Naịjirịa nke ndị nchọpụta, gụnyere Unuabonah, na-edu, na-ejikọta ihe mejupụtara dị ọnụ ala na ike anyanwụ maka iwepụ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Agencia FAPESP|date=April 28, 2021|title=Novel Water Decomination Method Combines Low-Cost Composites and Solar Energy|url=https://agencia.fapesp.br/novel-water-decontamination-method-combines-low-cost-composites-and-solar-energy/35716|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=TWAS Directory|url=https://twas.org/directory/unuabonah-emmanuel-iyayi|work=}}</ref> == Nduzi na Mmekọrịta == Dịka onye isi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy (2010–2014).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|date=2025|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O nwere njikọ na ọtụtụ òtù agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere: Mmemme Ọchịchị Sayensị Afrịka (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa Science Leadership Programme|date=2015|title=Africa Science Leadership Programme 2015|url=https://www.aslp.science/our-cohorts/africa-science-leadership-programme-2015/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Global Young Academy (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2014|title=Alumni of the GYA - Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Nigerian Academy of Science (Fellow),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 9, 2025}}</ref> na African Academy of Sciences (Fellow-eletc).<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2025|title=The African Academy of Sciences Welcomes 88 Newly Elected Fellows|url=https://aasciences.africa/news/the-african-academy-of-sciences-welcomes-88-newly-elected-fellows|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=The African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] e169w9a99l1pb5id358cbg2krco9k1a 655760 655758 2026-06-14T17:04:38Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345366505|Emmanuel Unuabonah]]" 655760 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah''' (Jenụwarị 16, 1975 – Maachị 26, 2025) bụ onye nkuzi Mahadum nke Naịjirịa, ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na prọfesọ nke kemistri ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> A maara ya maka nnyocha ya gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ onye isi ntọala nke African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER) na Mahadum Redeemer's na Naịjirịa. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Unuabona nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.Sc. na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Mahadum Benin]] na 1999, nakwa akara ugo mmụta M.Sc. na PhD na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na Mahadum Ibadan n'afọ 2003 na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> N'oge ọrụ nkuzi ya na Mahadum Redeemer's dị na [[Ȯra Osun|Osun State]], Naịjirịa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Directorate of Academic Planning and Quality Assurance<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=Brief History|url=https://run.edu.ng/directorate-of-academic-planning-and-quality-assurance/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> na African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=About ACEWATER|url=https://run-acewater.org/about-acewater/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah, Founding President, Nigerian Young Academy (NYA)|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 8, 2025}}</ref> Unuabona nwụrụ n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|work=The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)|title=In memoriam|url=https://twas.org/memoriam|accessdate=2025-09-08|language=en}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Unuabonah bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta nwere akwụkwọ 100 e nyochara nke ọma, nwere ihe karịrị 5500 ntụle na h-index nke 41,<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=August 5, 2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=qLOKMCgAAAAJ|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=Google Scholar}}</ref> ọtụtụ n'ime ha lekwasịrị anya na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri, [[Mmetọ|ihe ndị na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi]], na nyocha ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide. Ndị otu nyocha ya mepụtara ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala dị ọnụ ala, nke e si n'ógbè ahụ nweta maka iwepụ ọgwụ nje, [[Endocrine disrupters|ihe ndị na-emebi endocrine]], microplastics, na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha site na mmiri ndị e metọrọ emetọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=PositiveNaija|date=October 24, 2022|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah Wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.positivenaija.com/emmanuel-iyayi-unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O so hazie akwụkwọ Springer Water Strategic Management of Wastewater sitere na Intensive Rural Industries (2025),<ref>{{Cite book|author=Oladoja|first=Nurudeen|title=Strategic Management of Wastewater from Intensive Rural Industries|date=July 22, 2025|publisher=Springer Cham|isbn=978-3-031-90313-7|edition=1st|location=Switzerland}}</ref> nke na-enye aka na isiakwụkwọ gbasara mmiri mkpofu sitere na agba agba, ákwà, nhazi nkwụ mmanụ, na ngalaba ime obodo ndị ọzọ. Isi ihe ndị a họọrọ maka nnyocha gụnyere: Akpụkpọ ahụ fotocatalytic nke e ji ụrọ mee, ihe ndị ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ugwuja|first=Chidinma|date=August 5, 2025|title=Clay-based Photocatalytic Membranes: Low-cost Alternative Materials for Water Treatment|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00313j|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry}}</ref> Ngwakọta biomass-clay na-adịgide adịgide maka iwepụ benzenediols, Nhazi usoro na ike maka ịsacha mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alfred|first=Moses|date=August 5, 2025|title=Sustainable biomass-clay-ZnWO4 combos for the abatement of benzenediols: Process optimization and dynamics for water purification|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714425013145|journal=Journal of Water Process Engineering|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108242}}</ref> Nyocha ihe egwu na iwepụ ihe fọdụrụ na nje [[Igbochi nje|bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje]] na mmiri sitere na Ede, Naịjirịa,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=Gloria|date=August 5, 2025|title=Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria|journal=Heliyon|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41538|pmid=39866425}}</ref> Nyochaa ohere nke ịmepụta sistemụ aquaculture efu (Eprel 2025),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oladoja|first=NA|date=2025|title=Evaluating the feasibility of creating a zero waste discharge aquaculture system|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ew/d4ew01080a|journal=Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1325–1338|doi=10.1039/D4EW01080A}}</ref> Nyocha dị oke mkpa nke nsí na iwepụ parabens na mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bolujoko|first=Nathaniel|date=September 20, 2021|title=Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721031636|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=792|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092|pmid=34147811}}</ref> Atụmatụ mmeghari ohuru maka matrices siri ike ejiri mee ihe na mmịpụta nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ sitere na mmiri dị n'elu: nyocha dị oke mkpa (2016),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=August 1, 2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624037020|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> na Nhazi Multistage nke Adsorption nke Methylene Blue Dye na Mkpụrụ papaya Defatted (2009).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Unuabonah|first=Emmanuel|date=December 15, 2009|title=Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894709004999|journal=Chemical Engineering Journal|volume=155|issue=3|pages=567–579|doi=10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.012}}</ref> === Mmetụta na ntụaka dị na akwụkwọ sayensị === A kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 gbasara ụrọ ngwakọ e ji mkpụrụ pọpọ Carica na Kaolinite kwadebe dị ka ihe ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka iwepụ ígwè dị arọ na nyocha ndị e mechara na ngwakọta ọgwụgwọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jaspal|first=Dipika|date=2020-05-01|title=Composites for wastewater purification: A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519330292|journal=Chemosphere|volume=246|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125788|pmid=31918098|issn=0045-6535}}</ref> Ndị mgbasa ozi sayensị mba ụwa kpuchikwara nnyocha ahụ, nke gosipụtara ike ịchekwa ego maka mmiri dị ọcha na ntọala akụrụngwa dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bernstein|first=Michael|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/689760|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> E jirila nyocha dị mkpa nke afọ 2016 gbasara atụmatụ mmeghari maka ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ka ihe e ji amata ihe na akwụkwọ ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mmeghari na iji ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ọnụ ala eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=El Messaoudi|first=Noureddine|date=2024|title=Regeneration and reusability of non-conventional low-cost adsorbents to remove dyes from wastewaters in multiple consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles: a review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|volume=14|issue=11|pages=11739–11756|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> Nyocha sara mbara nke ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị n'ákwà na-akpọtụ ma na-akọwa ụzọ mmeghari ihe dị mkpa maka onyinye ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Momina|first=Mohammad Shahadat|date=July 10, 2018|title=Regeneration performance of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of Industrial dyes: a review|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry|volume=8|issue=43|pages=24571–24587|doi=10.1039/C8RA04290J|pmid=35539168}}</ref> Nyocha ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mkpụrụ pọpọ dị ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe/ihe na-amịpụta ihe ma na-atụle ihe ndị mejupụtara mkpụrụ pọpọ/ihe na-amịpụta ihe, na-ezo aka na ịgbatị ụzọ e si eduzi ọmụmụ ihe HYCA.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Khee|first=Y.L|date=2023|title=Valorizing papaya seed waste for wastewater treatment: a review|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9|journal=International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2327–2346|doi=10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bayode|first=Ajibola|date=May 2, 2023|title=A review on the versatility of Carica papaya seed: an agrogenic waste for the removal of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water|journal=Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology|volume=98|issue=9|pages=2095–2109|doi=10.1002/jctb.7415}}</ref> Ọmụmụ ihe nnwale na ụdị teknụzụ ndị ọzọ mechara dabere na echiche mbụ nke ụrọ ngwakọ iji gbasaa arụmọrụ na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke anionic na nje bacteria, na-egosi mgbasa usoro.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jun An|first=Hyung|date=April 8, 2020|title=Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon|url=https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/11/47?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound|journal=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology|volume=11|pages=597–605|doi=10.3762/bjnano.11.47|pmid=32318320}}</ref> == Mkpuchi mgbasa ozi == Otu profaịlụ nke World Academy of Sciences kọwara nyocha nhicha dị ọnụ ala ya site na iji mkpụrụ ụrọ na pọpọ ma kwuo nkwado TWAS ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Serra|first=Cristina|date=August 27, 2015|title=Clean water for Nigeria|url=https://www.twas.org/article/clean-water-nigeria|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa kpuchiri ihe nrite ọlaedo nke Nigerian Academy of Science, gụnyere Vanguard, The Guardian, na The Punch.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Eyoboka|first=Sam|date=February 25, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Michael|date=February 15, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=PUNCHNG|date=February 21, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins science academy's gold prize|url=https://punchng.com/unuabonah-wins-science-academys-gold-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ gbasara ihe ọhụrụ ụrọ ya pụtara na mgbasa ozi ama ama na-ekwusi ike na ike dị ọnụ ala maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|journal=American Chemical Society}}</ref> Agência FAPESP kọrọ gbasara mmekorita Brazil na Naịjirịa nke ndị nchọpụta, gụnyere Unuabonah, na-edu, na-ejikọta ihe mejupụtara dị ọnụ ala na ike anyanwụ maka iwepụ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Agencia FAPESP|date=April 28, 2021|title=Novel Water Decomination Method Combines Low-Cost Composites and Solar Energy|url=https://agencia.fapesp.br/novel-water-decontamination-method-combines-low-cost-composites-and-solar-energy/35716|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=TWAS Directory|url=https://twas.org/directory/unuabonah-emmanuel-iyayi|work=}}</ref> == Nduzi na Mmekọrịta == Dịka onye isi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy (2010–2014).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|date=2025|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O nwere njikọ na ọtụtụ òtù agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere: Mmemme Ọchịchị Sayensị Afrịka (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa Science Leadership Programme|date=2015|title=Africa Science Leadership Programme 2015|url=https://www.aslp.science/our-cohorts/africa-science-leadership-programme-2015/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Global Young Academy (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2014|title=Alumni of the GYA - Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Nigerian Academy of Science (Fellow),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 9, 2025}}</ref> na African Academy of Sciences (Fellow-eletc).<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2025|title=The African Academy of Sciences Welcomes 88 Newly Elected Fellows|url=https://aasciences.africa/news/the-african-academy-of-sciences-welcomes-88-newly-elected-fellows|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=The African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] lz5a7ixv9zduzrtacllt3m2on9pdveq 655762 655760 2026-06-14T17:05:53Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345366505|Emmanuel Unuabonah]]" 655762 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah''' (Jenụwarị 16, 1975 – Maachị 26, 2025) bụ onye nkuzi Mahadum nke Naịjirịa, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na prọfesọ nke kemistri ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> A maara ya maka nnyocha ya gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ onye isi ntọala nke African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER) na Mahadum Redeemer's na Naịjirịa. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Unuabona nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.Sc. na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Mahadum Benin]] na 1999, nakwa akara ugo mmụta M.Sc. na PhD na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na Mahadum Ibadan n'afọ 2003 na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> N'oge ọrụ nkuzi ya na Mahadum Redeemer's dị na [[Ȯra Osun|Osun State]], Naịjirịa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Directorate of Academic Planning and Quality Assurance<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=Brief History|url=https://run.edu.ng/directorate-of-academic-planning-and-quality-assurance/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> na African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=About ACEWATER|url=https://run-acewater.org/about-acewater/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah, Founding President, Nigerian Young Academy (NYA)|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 8, 2025}}</ref> Unuabona nwụrụ n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|work=The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)|title=In memoriam|url=https://twas.org/memoriam|accessdate=2025-09-08|language=en}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Unuabonah bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta nwere akwụkwọ 100 e nyochara nke ọma, nwere ihe karịrị 5500 ntụle na h-index nke 41,<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=August 5, 2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=qLOKMCgAAAAJ|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=Google Scholar}}</ref> ọtụtụ n'ime ha lekwasịrị anya na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri, [[Mmetọ|ihe ndị na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi]], na nyocha ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide. Ndị otu nyocha ya mepụtara ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala dị ọnụ ala, nke e si n'ógbè ahụ nweta maka iwepụ ọgwụ nje, [[Endocrine disrupters|ihe ndị na-emebi endocrine]], microplastics, na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha site na mmiri ndị e metọrọ emetọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=PositiveNaija|date=October 24, 2022|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah Wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.positivenaija.com/emmanuel-iyayi-unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O so hazie akwụkwọ Springer Water Strategic Management of Wastewater sitere na Intensive Rural Industries (2025),<ref>{{Cite book|author=Oladoja|first=Nurudeen|title=Strategic Management of Wastewater from Intensive Rural Industries|date=July 22, 2025|publisher=Springer Cham|isbn=978-3-031-90313-7|edition=1st|location=Switzerland}}</ref> nke na-enye aka na isiakwụkwọ gbasara mmiri mkpofu sitere na agba agba, ákwà, nhazi nkwụ mmanụ, na ngalaba ime obodo ndị ọzọ. Isi ihe ndị a họọrọ maka nnyocha gụnyere: Akpụkpọ ahụ fotocatalytic nke e ji ụrọ mee, ihe ndị ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ugwuja|first=Chidinma|date=August 5, 2025|title=Clay-based Photocatalytic Membranes: Low-cost Alternative Materials for Water Treatment|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00313j|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry}}</ref> Ngwakọta biomass-clay na-adịgide adịgide maka iwepụ benzenediols, Nhazi usoro na ike maka ịsacha mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alfred|first=Moses|date=August 5, 2025|title=Sustainable biomass-clay-ZnWO4 combos for the abatement of benzenediols: Process optimization and dynamics for water purification|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714425013145|journal=Journal of Water Process Engineering|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108242}}</ref> Nyocha ihe egwu na iwepụ ihe fọdụrụ na nje [[Igbochi nje|bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje]] na mmiri sitere na Ede, Naịjirịa,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=Gloria|date=August 5, 2025|title=Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria|journal=Heliyon|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41538|pmid=39866425}}</ref> Nyochaa ohere nke ịmepụta sistemụ aquaculture efu (Eprel 2025),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oladoja|first=NA|date=2025|title=Evaluating the feasibility of creating a zero waste discharge aquaculture system|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ew/d4ew01080a|journal=Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1325–1338|doi=10.1039/D4EW01080A}}</ref> Nyocha dị oke mkpa nke nsí na iwepụ parabens na mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bolujoko|first=Nathaniel|date=September 20, 2021|title=Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721031636|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=792|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092|pmid=34147811}}</ref> Atụmatụ mmeghari ohuru maka matrices siri ike ejiri mee ihe na mmịpụta nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ sitere na mmiri dị n'elu: nyocha dị oke mkpa (2016),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=August 1, 2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624037020|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> na Nhazi Multistage nke Adsorption nke Methylene Blue Dye na Mkpụrụ papaya Defatted (2009).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Unuabonah|first=Emmanuel|date=December 15, 2009|title=Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894709004999|journal=Chemical Engineering Journal|volume=155|issue=3|pages=567–579|doi=10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.012}}</ref> === Mmetụta na ntụaka dị na akwụkwọ sayensị === A kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 gbasara ụrọ ngwakọ e ji mkpụrụ pọpọ Carica na Kaolinite kwadebe dị ka ihe ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka iwepụ ígwè dị arọ na nyocha ndị e mechara na ngwakọta ọgwụgwọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jaspal|first=Dipika|date=2020-05-01|title=Composites for wastewater purification: A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519330292|journal=Chemosphere|volume=246|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125788|pmid=31918098|issn=0045-6535}}</ref> Ndị mgbasa ozi sayensị mba ụwa kpuchikwara nnyocha ahụ, nke gosipụtara ike ịchekwa ego maka mmiri dị ọcha na ntọala akụrụngwa dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bernstein|first=Michael|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/689760|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> E jirila nyocha dị mkpa nke afọ 2016 gbasara atụmatụ mmeghari maka ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ka ihe e ji amata ihe na akwụkwọ ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mmeghari na iji ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ọnụ ala eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=El Messaoudi|first=Noureddine|date=2024|title=Regeneration and reusability of non-conventional low-cost adsorbents to remove dyes from wastewaters in multiple consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles: a review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|volume=14|issue=11|pages=11739–11756|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> Nyocha sara mbara nke ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị n'ákwà na-akpọtụ ma na-akọwa ụzọ mmeghari ihe dị mkpa maka onyinye ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Momina|first=Mohammad Shahadat|date=July 10, 2018|title=Regeneration performance of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of Industrial dyes: a review|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry|volume=8|issue=43|pages=24571–24587|doi=10.1039/C8RA04290J|pmid=35539168}}</ref> Nyocha ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mkpụrụ pọpọ dị ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe/ihe na-amịpụta ihe ma na-atụle ihe ndị mejupụtara mkpụrụ pọpọ/ihe na-amịpụta ihe, na-ezo aka na ịgbatị ụzọ e si eduzi ọmụmụ ihe HYCA.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Khee|first=Y.L|date=2023|title=Valorizing papaya seed waste for wastewater treatment: a review|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9|journal=International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2327–2346|doi=10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bayode|first=Ajibola|date=May 2, 2023|title=A review on the versatility of Carica papaya seed: an agrogenic waste for the removal of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water|journal=Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology|volume=98|issue=9|pages=2095–2109|doi=10.1002/jctb.7415}}</ref> Ọmụmụ ihe nnwale na ụdị teknụzụ ndị ọzọ mechara dabere na echiche mbụ nke ụrọ ngwakọ iji gbasaa arụmọrụ na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke anionic na nje bacteria, na-egosi mgbasa usoro.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jun An|first=Hyung|date=April 8, 2020|title=Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon|url=https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/11/47?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound|journal=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology|volume=11|pages=597–605|doi=10.3762/bjnano.11.47|pmid=32318320}}</ref> == Mkpuchi mgbasa ozi == Otu profaịlụ nke World Academy of Sciences kọwara nyocha nhicha dị ọnụ ala ya site na iji mkpụrụ ụrọ na pọpọ ma kwuo nkwado TWAS ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Serra|first=Cristina|date=August 27, 2015|title=Clean water for Nigeria|url=https://www.twas.org/article/clean-water-nigeria|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa kpuchiri ihe nrite ọlaedo nke Nigerian Academy of Science, gụnyere Vanguard, The Guardian, na The Punch.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Eyoboka|first=Sam|date=February 25, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Michael|date=February 15, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=PUNCHNG|date=February 21, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins science academy's gold prize|url=https://punchng.com/unuabonah-wins-science-academys-gold-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ gbasara ihe ọhụrụ ụrọ ya pụtara na mgbasa ozi ama ama na-ekwusi ike na ike dị ọnụ ala maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|journal=American Chemical Society}}</ref> Agência FAPESP kọrọ gbasara mmekorita Brazil na Naịjirịa nke ndị nchọpụta, gụnyere Unuabonah, na-edu, na-ejikọta ihe mejupụtara dị ọnụ ala na ike anyanwụ maka iwepụ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Agencia FAPESP|date=April 28, 2021|title=Novel Water Decomination Method Combines Low-Cost Composites and Solar Energy|url=https://agencia.fapesp.br/novel-water-decontamination-method-combines-low-cost-composites-and-solar-energy/35716|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=TWAS Directory|url=https://twas.org/directory/unuabonah-emmanuel-iyayi|work=}}</ref> == Nduzi na Mmekọrịta == Dịka onye isi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy (2010–2014).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|date=2025|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O nwere njikọ na ọtụtụ òtù agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere: Mmemme Ọchịchị Sayensị Afrịka (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa Science Leadership Programme|date=2015|title=Africa Science Leadership Programme 2015|url=https://www.aslp.science/our-cohorts/africa-science-leadership-programme-2015/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Global Young Academy (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2014|title=Alumni of the GYA - Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Nigerian Academy of Science (Fellow),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 9, 2025}}</ref> na African Academy of Sciences (Fellow-eletc).<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2025|title=The African Academy of Sciences Welcomes 88 Newly Elected Fellows|url=https://aasciences.africa/news/the-african-academy-of-sciences-welcomes-88-newly-elected-fellows|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=The African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] lw6lf432u4wrsozk9tw52nynx67pvma 14 76733 655765 2026-06-14T17:11:37Z Olugold 12202 Jiri 'peeji nwere ihe gbasara otu Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective' kere ihü 655765 wikitext text/x-wiki peeji nwere ihe gbasara otu Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective mvkloxayk4u4vsqtatfcpllo8clt824 0 76734 655770 2026-06-14T17:23:03Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1266488966|Buket Uzuner]]" 655770 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Buket Uzuner''' (amụrụ na 3 Ọktoba 1955, na Ankara, Turkey) bụ onye edemede Turkey, onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, na akụkọ njem. Ọ gụrụ bayọlọji na [[sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] ma mee nyocha ma nye nkuzi na mahadum dị na [[Turkéy|Turkey]], Norway, United States, na [[Finland]]. Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'asụsụ asatọ: Spanish, [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], Italian, Greek, Romanian, Hebrew, Korean, na Bulgarian. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Kemgbe afọ 1980, Buket Uzuner emeela njem dịka "nwanyị na-azụ azụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri naanị ya" gụnyere njem "njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'etiti" na [[Obodo Békè|Yuropu]] na kọntinent atọ ndị ọzọ ebe ọ na-ede ihe ncheta njem ya. Akwụkwọ njem mbụ ya, ''The Travel Notes of A Brunette,'' (1988) rere ihe karịrị mkpụrụ 300,000. Uzuner dere akwụkwọ njem abụọ ọzọ: ''Travel Notes of An Urban Romantic,'' nke na-ajụ ihe ihe ndị na-eme na mpụga, na ''New York Logbook'', nke a chịkọtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ''Travel Library of Buket Uzuner''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, "İki Yeşil Susamuru, Anneleri, Babaları, Sevgilileri ve Diğerleri" (''Green Otters abụọ, Nne, Nna, Ndị hụrụ n'anya na ndị ọzọ niile'' ; 1991) ruru mbipụta 50th na 2013 wee ree ihe karịrị otu nde nde. Akwụkwọ Uzuner dị n'ime ndepụta ndị kacha ere ahịa na mba Turkey kemgbe afọ 1992. A na-akụzi ha n'ọtụtụ Mahadum na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na mba Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buket Uzuner: Biography|author=Uzuner|first=Buket|url=http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/biyografi.asp|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717043121/http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/biyografi.asp|archivedate=17 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Authors: Buket Uzuner|publisher=[[Eurozine]]|url=http://www.eurozine.com/authors/uzuner.html|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704194236/http://www.eurozine.com/authors/uzuner.html|archivedate=4 July 2008}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ́ “The Sound of Fishsteps ” (1993) nwetara ihe nrite Yunus Nadi nke mba Turkey, ebe Mahadum Istanbul kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ́ “ Mediteranian Waltz ” (1998) akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ. E mere ya onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Mmemme Ide Ihe Mba Nile nke Mahadum Iowa na 1996. E nyekwara ya asambodo ekele site n'aka Sineti nke Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ Middle East na 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=who's who : Buket Uzuner|url=http://www.turkishculture.org/whoiswho/literature/buket-uzuner-2695.htm|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=turkishculture.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Buket Uzuner – A prominent Turkish author|url=https://businessturkeytoday.com/buket-uzuner-a-prominent-turkish-author.html,%20https://businessturkeytoday.com/buket-uzuner-a-prominent-turkish-author.html|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=businessturkeytoday.com|language=en-US}}</ref> O kwuru na ndị edemede Turkey bụ́ Attilâ İlhan na Sevgi Soysal, tinyere Miguel de Cervantes, [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], na Doris Lessing, bụ ndị nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ya.<ref> {{Cite web|title=Interview: Buket Uzuner|publisher=[[Turkish Airlines]]|date=April 2009|url=http://www.thy.com/en-INT/corporate/skylife/article.aspx?mkl=1107|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, Uzuner gbara onye na-emepụta Netflix TV Series Atiye (Onyinye ahụ) akwụkwọ na-ekwu na e depụtaghachiri agwa ndị ahụ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Toprak na usoro ihe omume nke Defne Kaman na-enweghị ikike ya. Ọ rịọrọ ka e nye ya iwu yana ngụkọta nke $6,600 akwụ ụgwọ sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkish novelist sues Netflix series for plagiarism|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-novelist-sues-netflix-series-for-plagiarism-158493|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=23 September 2020|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ edemede asụsụ Bekee == Ebipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ Uzuner ise na otu nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee.. === Waltz Mediterenian === ''Mediterranean Waltz'' (aha mba Turkey: "Kumral Ada – Mavı Tuna") bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Buket Uzuner dere n'afọ 1997, nke e nyere Mahadum Istanbul ihe nrite akụkọ ifo nke afọ 1998, Remzi Kitabevi bipụtakwara ya ọzọ n'afọ 2000 n'asụsụ Bekee site n'aka Pelin Ariner. * Mbipụta: <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2000. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-289-073-3</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=Mediterranean Waltz|year=2000|location=Istanbul|publisher=Remzi Kitabevi|isbn=975-289-073-3}} === Otu iko kọfị Turkey === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Buket Uzuner bipụtara n'afọ 2001, nke Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Turkish na Bekee, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nchịkọta akụkọ mkpụmkpụ nke Turkish-English. Onye mbipụta ahụ kwuru na onye dere ya:<ref name="CTC01">{{Cite web|title=A Cup of Turkish Coffee|url=http://www.milet.com/detail_english.asp?ProductID=67|work=Milet Books|accessdate=24 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094631/http://www.milet.com/detail_english.asp?ProductID=67|archivedate=14 July 2011}}</ref><blockquote>"na-ewebata anyị n'ime ncheta na nrọ nke ụmụaka na ndị okenye, ma nyochaa akụkọ ihe mere eme nkekọrịta, ịhụnanya na njikọ - ezinụlọ, ndị hụrụ n'anya na ebe." Ọ bụ ezie na ntụleghachi na Writing in Education kwubiri na onye edemede ahụ, "na The Other Twin nke ọma, dị aghụghọ, na-abanye n'ime ọdịdị mmadụ, ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe ngosi dị ike ma ọ bụ ihe njakịrị."</blockquote> * Mbipụta: Iko nke Turkish Coffee. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. London: Milet Books. 2001. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-1-84059-300-6</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=A Cup of Turkish Coffee|year=2001|publisher=[[Milet Books]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-84059-300-6}} === Ụda ukwu nke Azụ̀ === ''The Sound of Fishsteps'' (Turkish: ''Balık İzlerinin Sesi'' ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 1993 nke Buket Uzuner nyere onyinye Yunus Nadi Novel 1993 wee bipụtaghachi ya na 2002 site n'aka Remzi Kitabevi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke Pelin Ariner dere. * Mbipụta: The Sound of Fishsteps. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-14-0843-1</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite> === Ígwé Ojii Ogologo - Galipoli === ''The Long White Cloud – Galipoli'' ( Turkey: ''Uzun Beyaz Bulut – Gelibolu'' ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 2001 sitere na Buket Uzuner, bụ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma nke mba wee bipụta ya na 2002 site n'aka Remzi Kitabevi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke Pelin Ariner dere. * Mbipụta: The Long White Cloud - Galipoli. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-289-173-X</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=The Long White Cloud – Galipoli|year=2002|location=Istanbul|publisher=Remzi Kitabevi|isbn=975-289-173-X}} === Istanbullu === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Istanbullu'' nke Buket Uzuner dere n'afọ 2007, nke Everest Yayınlari bipụtara ọzọ n'afọ 2008 n'asụsụ Bekee nke Kenneth Dakan sụgharịrị. * Mbipụta: . <cite class="citation book cs1">Nke Kenneth Dakan sụgharịrị. Istanbul: Everest Yayinlari. 2008. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-9752895331</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=Istanbullu|year=2008|location=Istanbul|publisher=Everest Yayinlari|isbn=978-9752895331}} === Nsụgharị n'ịntanetị === * Mmasị Na-enweghị Nkwado nke Nwa okorobịa na buketuzuner.com. * The Sun Eating Gypsy na buketuzuner.com. * [http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/kitaplar_denemeler_thehall.asp ''Ụlọ Nzukọ ahụ''] na buketuzuner.com. * Onye njem dị omimi na ókèala Spain na buketuzuner.com. * My Soul-mate Istanbul, Ex-Husband Paris na Lover New York (Extract from ''New York Log Book'') na buketuzuner.com. * Princess with a Gypsy Heart (Extract from ''New York Log Book'') na buketuzuner.com. == Akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * Otters abụọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nne ha, nna ha, ndị hụrụ ha n'anya, na ndị ọzọ - 1991 * Ụda nke Nzọụkwụ Azụ - 1993 * Mediterranean Waltz - 1997 * Long White Cloud-Gallipoli - 2001 * Ndị Istanbul - 2007 * WATER: The Adventures of Misfit Daphne Shaman - 1st Book (2012) * EARTH: The Adventures of Misfit Daphne Shaman - akwụkwọ nke abụọ (2015) === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * Aha m bụ May - 1986 * Ụbọchị Kasị Mma n'ọnwa - 1988 * Anyanwụ Na-eri Gypsy - 1989 * Ihe mwute nke Ifufe Northwest - 1993 * Obodo Ndị Na-ede uri - 1994 * Akụkọ, Nwanne nwanyị nke Amaokwu - 2003 * Istanbul Blues - 2004 * Yolda n'okporo ụzọ - 2009 === Ihe odide njem === * Ihe ndekọ njem nke Brunette - 1989 * Diary of an Urban Romantic - 1998 * New York Logbook - 2000 === Akụkọ ndụ === * Silver Summer, Silver Girl - 2000 === Ihe odide === * ''Njem ya na Selin na Cem'' - 2003 === Ajụjụ ọnụ === * Turkeyi na agha Iraq, ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Pia Ingström, 5 Mee 2003<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkey and the Iraqi war|author=Ingström|first=Pia|publisher=[[Eurozine]]|date=5 May 2003|url=http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-05-05-uzuner-en.html|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006195631/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-05-05-uzuner-en.html|archivedate=6 October 2008}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] phs3btcyyhcnxmmja3kd9bhgrule7fa 655774 655770 2026-06-14T17:31:42Z JoyousQ 61757 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1266488966|Buket Uzuner]]" 655774 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Buket Uzuner''' (amụrụ na 3 Ọktoba 1955, na Ankara, Turkey) bụ onye edemede Turkey, onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, na akụkọ njem . Ọ gụrụ bayọlọji na [[sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] ma mee nyocha ma nye nkuzi na mahadum dị na [[Turkéy|Turkey]], Norway, United States, na [[Finland]]. Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'asụsụ asatọ: Spanish, [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], Italian, Greek, Romanian, Hebrew, Korean, na Bulgarian. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Kemgbe afọ 1980, Buket Uzuner emeela njem dịka "nwanyị na-akpa azụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri naanị ya" gụnyere njem "njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'etiti" na [[Obodo Békè|Yuropu]] na kọntinent atọ ndị ọzọ ebe ọ na-ede ihe ncheta njem ya. Akwụkwọ njem mbụ ya, ''The Travel Notes of A Brunette,'' (1988) rere ihe karịrị mkpụrụ 300,000. Uzuner dere akwụkwọ njem abụọ ọzọ: ''Travel Notes of An Urban Romantic,'' nke na-ajụ ihe ihe ndị na-eme na mpụga, na ''New York Logbook'', nke a chịkọtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ''Travel Library of Buket Uzuner''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, "İki Yeşil Susamuru, Anneleri, Babaları, Sevgilileri ve Diğerleri" (''Green Otters abụọ, Nne, Nna, Ndị hụrụ n'anya na ndị ọzọ niile'' ; 1991) ruru mbipụta 50th na 2013 wee ree ihe karịrị otu nde nde. Akwụkwọ Uzuner dị n'ime ndepụta ndị kacha ere ahịa na mba Turkey kemgbe afọ 1992. A na-akụzi ha n'ọtụtụ Mahadum na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na mba Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buket Uzuner: Biography|author=Uzuner|first=Buket|url=http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/biyografi.asp|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717043121/http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/biyografi.asp|archivedate=17 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Authors: Buket Uzuner|publisher=[[Eurozine]]|url=http://www.eurozine.com/authors/uzuner.html|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704194236/http://www.eurozine.com/authors/uzuner.html|archivedate=4 July 2008}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ́ “The Sound of Fishsteps ” (1993) nwetara ihe nrite Yunus Nadi nke mba Turkey, ebe Mahadum Istanbul kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ́ “ Mediteranian Waltz ” (1998) akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ. E mere ya onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Mmemme Ide Ihe Mba Nile nke Mahadum Iowa na 1996. E nyekwara ya asambodo ekele site n'aka Sineti nke Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ Middle East na 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=who's who : Buket Uzuner|url=http://www.turkishculture.org/whoiswho/literature/buket-uzuner-2695.htm|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=turkishculture.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Buket Uzuner – A prominent Turkish author|url=https://businessturkeytoday.com/buket-uzuner-a-prominent-turkish-author.html,%20https://businessturkeytoday.com/buket-uzuner-a-prominent-turkish-author.html|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=businessturkeytoday.com|language=en-US}}</ref> O kwuru na ndị edemede Turkey bụ́ Attilâ İlhan na Sevgi Soysal, tinyere Miguel de Cervantes, [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], na Doris Lessing, bụ ndị nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ya.<ref> {{Cite web|title=Interview: Buket Uzuner|publisher=[[Turkish Airlines]]|date=April 2009|url=http://www.thy.com/en-INT/corporate/skylife/article.aspx?mkl=1107|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, Uzuner gbara onye na-emepụta Netflix TV Series Atiye (Onyinye ahụ) akwụkwọ na-ekwu na e depụtaghachiri agwa ndị ahụ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Toprak na usoro ihe omume nke Defne Kaman na-enweghị ikike ya. Ọ rịọrọ ka e nye ya iwu yana ngụkọta nke $6,600 akwụ ụgwọ sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkish novelist sues Netflix series for plagiarism|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-novelist-sues-netflix-series-for-plagiarism-158493|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=23 September 2020|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ edemede asụsụ Bekee == Ebipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ Uzuner ise na otu nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee.. === Waltz Mediterenian === ''Mediterranean Waltz'' (aha mba Turkey: "Kumral Ada – Mavı Tuna") bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Buket Uzuner dere n'afọ 1997, nke e nyere Mahadum Istanbul ihe nrite akụkọ ifo nke afọ 1998, Remzi Kitabevi bipụtakwara ya ọzọ n'afọ 2000 n'asụsụ Bekee site n'aka Pelin Ariner. * Mbipụta: <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2000. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-289-073-3</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=Mediterranean Waltz|year=2000|location=Istanbul|publisher=Remzi Kitabevi|isbn=975-289-073-3}} === Otu iko kọfị Turkey === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Buket Uzuner bipụtara n'afọ 2001, nke Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Turkish na Bekee, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nchịkọta akụkọ mkpụmkpụ nke Turkish-English. Onye mbipụta ahụ kwuru na onye dere ya:<ref name="CTC01">{{Cite web|title=A Cup of Turkish Coffee|url=http://www.milet.com/detail_english.asp?ProductID=67|work=Milet Books|accessdate=24 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094631/http://www.milet.com/detail_english.asp?ProductID=67|archivedate=14 July 2011}}</ref><blockquote>"na-ewebata anyị n'ime ncheta na nrọ nke ụmụaka na ndị okenye, ma nyochaa akụkọ ihe mere eme nkekọrịta, ịhụnanya na njikọ - ezinụlọ, ndị hụrụ n'anya na ebe." Ọ bụ ezie na ntụleghachi na Writing in Education kwubiri na onye edemede ahụ, "na The Other Twin nke ọma, dị aghụghọ, na-abanye n'ime ọdịdị mmadụ, ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe ngosi dị ike ma ọ bụ ihe njakịrị."</blockquote> * Mbipụta: Iko nke Turkish Coffee. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. London: Milet Books. 2001. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-1-84059-300-6</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=A Cup of Turkish Coffee|year=2001|publisher=[[Milet Books]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-84059-300-6}} === Ụda ukwu nke Azụ̀ === ''The Sound of Fishsteps'' (Turkish: ''Balık İzlerinin Sesi'' ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 1993 nke Buket Uzuner nyere onyinye Yunus Nadi Novel 1993 wee bipụtaghachi ya na 2002 site n'aka Remzi Kitabevi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke Pelin Ariner dere. * Mbipụta: The Sound of Fishsteps. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-14-0843-1</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite> === Ígwé Ojii Ogologo - Galipoli === ''The Long White Cloud – Galipoli'' ( Turkey: ''Uzun Beyaz Bulut – Gelibolu'' ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 2001 sitere na Buket Uzuner, bụ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma nke mba wee bipụta ya na 2002 site n'aka Remzi Kitabevi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke Pelin Ariner dere. * Mbipụta: The Long White Cloud - Galipoli. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-289-173-X</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=The Long White Cloud – Galipoli|year=2002|location=Istanbul|publisher=Remzi Kitabevi|isbn=975-289-173-X}} === Istanbullu === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Istanbullu'' nke Buket Uzuner dere n'afọ 2007, nke Everest Yayınlari bipụtara ọzọ n'afọ 2008 n'asụsụ Bekee nke Kenneth Dakan sụgharịrị. * Mbipụta: . <cite class="citation book cs1">Nke Kenneth Dakan sụgharịrị. Istanbul: Everest Yayinlari. 2008. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-9752895331</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=Istanbullu|year=2008|location=Istanbul|publisher=Everest Yayinlari|isbn=978-9752895331}} === Nsụgharị n'ịntanetị === * Mmasị Na-enweghị Nkwado nke Nwa okorobịa na buketuzuner.com. * The Sun Eating Gypsy na buketuzuner.com. * [http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/kitaplar_denemeler_thehall.asp ''Ụlọ Nzukọ ahụ''] na buketuzuner.com. * Onye njem dị omimi na ókèala Spain na buketuzuner.com. * My Soul-mate Istanbul, Ex-Husband Paris na Lover New York (Extract from ''New York Log Book'') na buketuzuner.com. * Princess with a Gypsy Heart (Extract from ''New York Log Book'') na buketuzuner.com. == Akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * Otters abụọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nne ha, nna ha, ndị hụrụ ha n'anya, na ndị ọzọ - 1991 * Ụda nke Nzọụkwụ Azụ - 1993 * Mediterranean Waltz - 1997 * Long White Cloud-Gallipoli - 2001 * Ndị Istanbul - 2007 * WATER: The Adventures of Misfit Daphne Shaman - 1st Book (2012) * EARTH: The Adventures of Misfit Daphne Shaman - akwụkwọ nke abụọ (2015) === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * Aha m bụ May - 1986 * Ụbọchị Kasị Mma n'ọnwa - 1988 * Anyanwụ Na-eri Gypsy - 1989 * Ihe mwute nke Ifufe Northwest - 1993 * Obodo Ndị Na-ede uri - 1994 * Akụkọ, Nwanne nwanyị nke Amaokwu - 2003 * Istanbul Blues - 2004 * Yolda n'okporo ụzọ - 2009 === Ihe odide njem === * Ihe ndekọ njem nke Brunette - 1989 * Diary of an Urban Romantic - 1998 * New York Logbook - 2000 === Akụkọ ndụ === * Silver Summer, Silver Girl - 2000 === Ihe odide === * ''Njem ya na Selin na Cem'' - 2003 === Ajụjụ ọnụ === * Turkeyi na agha Iraq, ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Pia Ingström, 5 Mee 2003<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkey and the Iraqi war|author=Ingström|first=Pia|publisher=[[Eurozine]]|date=5 May 2003|url=http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-05-05-uzuner-en.html|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006195631/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-05-05-uzuner-en.html|archivedate=6 October 2008}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l1o8vywwyqjcez9axqryga1ne7927dt 655775 655774 2026-06-14T17:33:17Z JoyousQ 61757 655775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buket Uzuner''' (amụrụ na 3 Ọktoba 1955, na Ankara, Turkey) bụ onye edemede Turkey, onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, na akụkọ njem . Ọ gụrụ bayọlọji na [[sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] ma mee nyocha ma nye nkuzi na mahadum dị na [[Turkéy|Turkey]], Norway, United States, na [[Finland]]. Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'asụsụ asatọ: Spanish, [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], Italian, Greek, Romanian, Hebrew, Korean, na Bulgarian. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Kemgbe afọ 1980, Buket Uzuner emeela njem dịka "nwanyị na-akpa azụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri naanị ya" gụnyere njem "njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'etiti" na [[Obodo Békè|Yuropu]] na kọntinent atọ ndị ọzọ ebe ọ na-ede ihe ncheta njem ya. Akwụkwọ njem mbụ ya, ''The Travel Notes of A Brunette,'' (1988) rere ihe karịrị mkpụrụ 300,000. Uzuner dere akwụkwọ njem abụọ ọzọ: ''Travel Notes of An Urban Romantic,'' nke na-ajụ ihe ihe ndị na-eme na mpụga, na ''New York Logbook'', nke a chịkọtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ''Travel Library of Buket Uzuner''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, "İki Yeşil Susamuru, Anneleri, Babaları, Sevgilileri ve Diğerleri" (''Green Otters abụọ, Nne, Nna, Ndị hụrụ n'anya na ndị ọzọ niile'' ; 1991) ruru mbipụta 50th na 2013 wee ree ihe karịrị otu nde nde. Akwụkwọ Uzuner dị n'ime ndepụta ndị kacha ere ahịa na mba Turkey kemgbe afọ 1992. A na-akụzi ha n'ọtụtụ Mahadum na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na mba Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buket Uzuner: Biography|author=Uzuner|first=Buket|url=http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/biyografi.asp|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717043121/http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/biyografi.asp|archivedate=17 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Authors: Buket Uzuner|publisher=[[Eurozine]]|url=http://www.eurozine.com/authors/uzuner.html|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704194236/http://www.eurozine.com/authors/uzuner.html|archivedate=4 July 2008}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ́ “The Sound of Fishsteps ” (1993) nwetara ihe nrite Yunus Nadi nke mba Turkey, ebe Mahadum Istanbul kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ́ “ Mediteranian Waltz ” (1998) akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ. E mere ya onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Mmemme Ide Ihe Mba Nile nke Mahadum Iowa na 1996. E nyekwara ya asambodo ekele site n'aka Sineti nke Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ Middle East na 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=who's who : Buket Uzuner|url=http://www.turkishculture.org/whoiswho/literature/buket-uzuner-2695.htm|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=turkishculture.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Buket Uzuner – A prominent Turkish author|url=https://businessturkeytoday.com/buket-uzuner-a-prominent-turkish-author.html,%20https://businessturkeytoday.com/buket-uzuner-a-prominent-turkish-author.html|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=businessturkeytoday.com|language=en-US}}</ref> O kwuru na ndị edemede Turkey bụ́ Attilâ İlhan na Sevgi Soysal, tinyere Miguel de Cervantes, [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], na Doris Lessing, bụ ndị nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ya.<ref> {{Cite web|title=Interview: Buket Uzuner|publisher=[[Turkish Airlines]]|date=April 2009|url=http://www.thy.com/en-INT/corporate/skylife/article.aspx?mkl=1107|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, Uzuner gbara onye na-emepụta Netflix TV Series Atiye (Onyinye ahụ) akwụkwọ na-ekwu na e depụtaghachiri agwa ndị ahụ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Toprak na usoro ihe omume nke Defne Kaman na-enweghị ikike ya. Ọ rịọrọ ka e nye ya iwu yana ngụkọta nke $6,600 akwụ ụgwọ sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkish novelist sues Netflix series for plagiarism|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-novelist-sues-netflix-series-for-plagiarism-158493|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=23 September 2020|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ edemede asụsụ Bekee == Ebipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ Uzuner ise na otu nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee.. === Waltz Mediterenian === ''Mediterranean Waltz'' (aha mba Turkey: "Kumral Ada – Mavı Tuna") bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Buket Uzuner dere n'afọ 1997, nke e nyere Mahadum Istanbul ihe nrite akụkọ ifo nke afọ 1998, Remzi Kitabevi bipụtakwara ya ọzọ n'afọ 2000 n'asụsụ Bekee site n'aka Pelin Ariner. * Mbipụta: <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2000. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-289-073-3</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=Mediterranean Waltz|year=2000|location=Istanbul|publisher=Remzi Kitabevi|isbn=975-289-073-3}} === Otu iko kọfị Turkey === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Buket Uzuner bipụtara n'afọ 2001, nke Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Turkish na Bekee, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nchịkọta akụkọ mkpụmkpụ nke Turkish-English. Onye mbipụta ahụ kwuru na onye dere ya:<ref name="CTC01">{{Cite web|title=A Cup of Turkish Coffee|url=http://www.milet.com/detail_english.asp?ProductID=67|work=Milet Books|accessdate=24 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094631/http://www.milet.com/detail_english.asp?ProductID=67|archivedate=14 July 2011}}</ref><blockquote>"na-ewebata anyị n'ime ncheta na nrọ nke ụmụaka na ndị okenye, ma nyochaa akụkọ ihe mere eme nkekọrịta, ịhụnanya na njikọ - ezinụlọ, ndị hụrụ n'anya na ebe." Ọ bụ ezie na ntụleghachi na Writing in Education kwubiri na onye edemede ahụ, "na The Other Twin nke ọma, dị aghụghọ, na-abanye n'ime ọdịdị mmadụ, ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe ngosi dị ike ma ọ bụ ihe njakịrị."</blockquote> * Mbipụta: Iko nke Turkish Coffee. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. London: Milet Books. 2001. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-1-84059-300-6</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=A Cup of Turkish Coffee|year=2001|publisher=[[Milet Books]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-84059-300-6}} === Ụda ukwu nke Azụ̀ === ''The Sound of Fishsteps'' (Turkish: ''Balık İzlerinin Sesi'' ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 1993 nke Buket Uzuner nyere onyinye Yunus Nadi Novel 1993 wee bipụtaghachi ya na 2002 site n'aka Remzi Kitabevi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke Pelin Ariner dere. * Mbipụta: The Sound of Fishsteps. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-14-0843-1</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite> === Ígwé Ojii Ogologo - Galipoli === ''The Long White Cloud – Galipoli'' ( Turkey: ''Uzun Beyaz Bulut – Gelibolu'' ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 2001 sitere na Buket Uzuner, bụ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma nke mba wee bipụta ya na 2002 site n'aka Remzi Kitabevi na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke Pelin Ariner dere. * Mbipụta: The Long White Cloud - Galipoli. <cite class="citation book cs1">Ọ bụ Pelin Ariner sụgharịrị ya. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>975-289-173-X</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=The Long White Cloud – Galipoli|year=2002|location=Istanbul|publisher=Remzi Kitabevi|isbn=975-289-173-X}} === Istanbullu === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Istanbullu'' nke Buket Uzuner dere n'afọ 2007, nke Everest Yayınlari bipụtara ọzọ n'afọ 2008 n'asụsụ Bekee nke Kenneth Dakan sụgharịrị. * Mbipụta: . <cite class="citation book cs1">Nke Kenneth Dakan sụgharịrị. Istanbul: Everest Yayinlari. 2008. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-9752895331</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite>{{Cite book|title=Istanbullu|year=2008|location=Istanbul|publisher=Everest Yayinlari|isbn=978-9752895331}} === Nsụgharị n'ịntanetị === * Mmasị Na-enweghị Nkwado nke Nwa okorobịa na buketuzuner.com. * The Sun Eating Gypsy na buketuzuner.com. * [http://www.buketuzuner.com/ENG/kitaplar_denemeler_thehall.asp ''Ụlọ Nzukọ ahụ''] na buketuzuner.com. * Onye njem dị omimi na ókèala Spain na buketuzuner.com. * My Soul-mate Istanbul, Ex-Husband Paris na Lover New York (Extract from ''New York Log Book'') na buketuzuner.com. * Princess with a Gypsy Heart (Extract from ''New York Log Book'') na buketuzuner.com. == Akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * Otters abụọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nne ha, nna ha, ndị hụrụ ha n'anya, na ndị ọzọ - 1991 * Ụda nke Nzọụkwụ Azụ - 1993 * Mediterranean Waltz - 1997 * Long White Cloud-Gallipoli - 2001 * Ndị Istanbul - 2007 * WATER: The Adventures of Misfit Daphne Shaman - 1st Book (2012) * EARTH: The Adventures of Misfit Daphne Shaman - akwụkwọ nke abụọ (2015) === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * Aha m bụ May - 1986 * Ụbọchị Kasị Mma n'ọnwa - 1988 * Anyanwụ Na-eri Gypsy - 1989 * Ihe mwute nke Ifufe Northwest - 1993 * Obodo Ndị Na-ede uri - 1994 * Akụkọ, Nwanne nwanyị nke Amaokwu - 2003 * Istanbul Blues - 2004 * Yolda n'okporo ụzọ - 2009 === Ihe odide njem === * Ihe ndekọ njem nke Brunette - 1989 * Diary of an Urban Romantic - 1998 * New York Logbook - 2000 === Akụkọ ndụ === * Silver Summer, Silver Girl - 2000 === Ihe odide === * ''Njem ya na Selin na Cem'' - 2003 === Ajụjụ ọnụ === * Turkeyi na agha Iraq, ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Pia Ingström, 5 Mee 2003<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkey and the Iraqi war|author=Ingström|first=Pia|publisher=[[Eurozine]]|date=5 May 2003|url=http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-05-05-uzuner-en.html|accessdate=19 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006195631/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-05-05-uzuner-en.html|archivedate=6 October 2008}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ixfqdp1ft4kqtz2gnckzy3h0kz8tvee 0 76735 655777 2026-06-14T17:53:46Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353497331|Robert L. McGinnis]]" 655777 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Robert L. McGinnis''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị America, <ref name="science">{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|date=2019-07-03|author=F. Service|first=Robert|publisher=Science}}</ref> onye ọchụnta ego teknụzụ, na onye mepụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ gụnyere Prometheus Fuels, <ref name="MIT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/25/1050899/prometheus-fuels-startup-carbon-neutral/|title=This $1.5 billion startup promised to deliver clean fuels as cheap as gas. Experts are deeply skeptical|date=2022-04-25|author=Temple|first=James|publisher=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> Mattershift <ref name="uconn">{{Cite web|url=https://today.uconn.edu/2018/04/startup-develops-carbon-zero-fuels-uconn-partnership/|title=Startup Advances Carbon-Zero Fuels through UConn Partnership|date=2018-04-25|author=McBride|first=Jessica|publisher=UConn Today}}</ref> na Oasys Water. [3] <ref name="bloomberg1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water|title=Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water|date=2011-03-10|author=Winter|first=Caroline|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref><ref name="cnbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/17/a-start-ups-that-solved-frackings-dirty-problem.html|title=A start-up that's solved fracking's dirty problem|date=2015-02-17|author=Zaleski|first=Andrew|publisher=CNBC}}</ref> Dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, a maara McGinnis nke ọma maka onyinye ya n’ụwa iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri na forward osmosis. Karịsịa, a na-enye ya otuto dịka otu n’ime ndị mepụtara ngwọta ịdọrọ mmiri nke NH₃/CO₂ maka usoro iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri nke forward osmosis (FO).<ref name="wipo">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5buDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rob+McGinnis+Yale+University&pg=PA77|title=Patent Landscape Report on Desalination Technologies and the Use of Alternative Energies for Desalination - Rob McGinnis Yale University(p.77)|date=November 2011|publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization|isbn=978-92-805-2166-5}}</ref><ref name="scispace">{{Cite web|url=https://typeset.io/authors/robert-l-mcginnis-5fnc88miz6|title=Robert L. McGinnis' Contributions|publisher=SCISPACE}}</ref><ref name="shawnw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.engineering.com/story/green-desalination-through-forward-osmosis|title=Green Desalination through Forward Osmosis|date=2013-10-28|author=Wasserman|first=Shawn|publisher=Engineering.com}}</ref>  McGinnis bụ onye isi na Prometheus Fuels, ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite teknụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke o guzobere na 2019. <ref name="bloomberg2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/in-silicon-valley-the-quest-to-make-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|title=In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air|date=2019-04-30|author=Brustein|first=Joshua|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref name="MIT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/25/1050899/prometheus-fuels-startup-carbon-neutral/|title=This $1.5 billion startup promised to deliver clean fuels as cheap as gas. Experts are deeply skeptical|date=2022-04-25|author=Temple|first=James|publisher=MIT Technology Review}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTemple2022">Temple, James (2022-04-25). [https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/25/1050899/prometheus-fuels-startup-carbon-neutral/ "This $1.5 billion startup promised to deliver clean fuels as cheap as gas. Experts are deeply skeptical"]. MIT Technology Review.</cite></ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Robert McGinnis gara Cabrillo College <ref name="science">{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|date=2019-07-03|author=F. Service|first=Robert|publisher=Science}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFF._Service2019">F. Service, Robert (2019-07-03). [https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline "This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline"]. Science.</cite></ref> na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], ebe ọ nwetara nzere B.A. ya na Theater na 2002. <ref name="scw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.santacruzworks.org/news/making-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|title=Making Gasoline Out of Thin Air|date=2019-11-26|author=Erickson|first=Doug|publisher=Santa Cruz Works}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water|title=Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water|date=2011-03-10|author=Winter|first=Caroline|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWinter2011">Winter, Caroline (2011-03-10). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water "Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water"]. Bloomberg Businessweek.</cite></ref> O mechara nweta nzere MS na [[Environmental engineering|Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi]] n'afọ 2007. N'ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Yale, McGinnis gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na 2009; onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ bụ Menachem Elimelech. E bipụtara ọrụ ya na edemede ya "Ammonia - Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination and Pressure Retarded Osmosis" na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Desalination" n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2005. <ref name="elimelech">{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/ResumeElimelech.pdf|title=Past Ph.D. Graduates - Robert McGinnis (p.8)|publisher=CURRICULUM VITAE of Menachem Elimelech}}</ref><ref name="sciencedirect">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226|title=A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process|journal=Desalination|date=April 2005|volume=174|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}</ref> McGinnis bụ onye agha nke U.S. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), ebe ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'oge Operation Desert Storm na-ewepụ ogbunigwe na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọgbọ agha nke Persian Gulf.<ref name="bloomberg1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water|title=Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water|date=2011-03-10|author=Winter|first=Caroline|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWinter2011">Winter, Caroline (2011-03-10). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water "Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water"]. Bloomberg Businessweek.</cite></ref><ref name="science">{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|date=2019-07-03|author=F. Service|first=Robert|publisher=Science}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFF._Service2019">F. Service, Robert (2019-07-03). [https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline "This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline"]. Science.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == N'afọ 2002, e kenyere McGinnis ọrụ dị ka CTO na injinia nyocha na Osmotic Technologies Inc., (OTI), ụlọ ọrụ Yale University Incubator maka ịzụ ahịa nke osmosis desalination na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, nke mesịrị ghọọ ọrụ nnwale n'okpuru mmemme EUWP (Expeditionary Unit Water Purification Consortium). N'afọ 2006, McGinnis natara NSF-GRFP Graduate Research Fellowship site na National Science Foundation maka ọmụmụ Ph.D. ya n'okpuru nlekọta Menachem Elimelech, onye guzobere Yale's Environmental Engineering Program. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/second-year-environmental-engineering-makes-us-news-top-10|title=For the Second Year, Environmental Engineering Makes The U.S. News' Top 10|author=|first=|date=|work=Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science|language=en|accessdate=2017-07-10}}</ref> <ref name="elimelech">{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/ResumeElimelech.pdf|title=Past Ph.D. Graduates - Robert McGinnis (p.8)|publisher=CURRICULUM VITAE of Menachem Elimelech}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/ResumeElimelech.pdf "Past Ph.D. Graduates - Robert McGinnis (p.8)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CURRICULUM VITAE of Menachem Elimelech.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/news/american-chemical-society-environmental-chemistry-graduate-student-award-6|title=American Chemical Society Environmental Chemistry Graduate Student Award|publisher=Yale University: Elimelech Research Group}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ na Yale, mmasị nyocha sayensị McGinnis gụnyere mmepe usoro membrane ndị ike osmosis na-akwọ , imepụta membrane ọhụrụ, na iji membrane nke ọkwa nanometer eme nchọpụta . Isi ebe o lekwasịrị anya bụ mmepe na nhazi usoro forward osmosis na iji ya arụ ọrụ n’ezie, karịsịa n’ọrụ iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri na usoro nhazi na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Robert-L-McGinnis-32296173|title=Robert L. McGinnis's research while affiliated with CUNY Graduate Center and other places}}</ref> A kpọpụtala ọrụ ya n’akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị metụtara kemịstrị na teknụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi. McGinnis so kwa mepụta ihe ọnụ n’ihe karịrị patent 20 e nyere ikike n’ụwa membrane, ike, iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri , na nanoteknụzụ site n’aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Patent na Akara Ahịa nke United States. N’afọ 2018, McGinnis nwetara ihe nrite AIChE Innovator Award for Innovation in Chemical Engineering Education, nke American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) nyere, maka ọhụụ na mmepe ọhụrụ n’agụmakwụkwọ injinia kemịkal.<ref name="science">{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|date=2019-07-03|author=F. Service|first=Robert|publisher=Science}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFF._Service2019">F. Service, Robert (2019-07-03). [https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline "This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline"]. Science.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/robert-l-mcginnis|title=Patents by Inventor Robert L. McGinnis|publisher=Justia Patents}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiche.org/community/bio/rob-mcginnis|title=Rob McGinnis|date=3 October 2018|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2018/december/aiche-awards-review-2018|title=AIChE Awards in Review: 2018|date=27 November 2018|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers}}</ref> == Ọrụ azụmahịa == === Oasys Water === Nnyocha nke usoro osmosis n'ihu na ụlọ nyocha Elimelech na Yale dugara n'ịmepụta Oasys Water na 2008, ụlọ ọrụ dị na Cambridge, Massachusetts, na ebumnuche bụ isi nke ime ka teknụzụ nke usoro desalination na-arụ ọrụ a na-akpọ osmosis engineered (EO) bụrụ nke azụmahịa. <ref name="bloomberg1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water|title=Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water|date=2011-03-10|author=Winter|first=Caroline|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWinter2011">Winter, Caroline (2011-03-10). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water "Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water"]. Bloomberg Businessweek.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/21/oasys-water-raises-10m-for-new-desalination-technology/|title=Oasys Water raises $10M for new|date=22 February 2009|publisher=Venture Beat}}</ref><ref name="wipo">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5buDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rob+McGinnis+Yale+University&pg=PA77|title=Patent Landscape Report on Desalination Technologies and the Use of Alternative Energies for Desalination - Rob McGinnis Yale University(p.77)|date=November 2011|publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization|isbn=978-92-805-2166-5}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://books.google.com/books?id=N5buDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rob+McGinnis+Yale+University&pg=PA77 ''Patent Landscape Report on Desalination Technologies and the Use of Alternative Energies for Desalination - Rob McGinnis Yale University(p.77)'']. World Intellectual Property Organization. November 2011. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-92-805-2166-5|<bdi>978-92-805-2166-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere dị ka ọrụ mmalite teknụzụ Yale. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/forward-osmosis-can-a-startup-reverse-desalination-5735|title=Forward Osmosis: Can a Startup Reverse Desalination?|date=2009-02-17|author=Kanellos|first=Michael|publisher=Green Tech Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://xconomy.com/boston/2009/03/02/oasys-water-aims-to-make-desalination-cheap-enough-to-crack-mainstream-market-relieve-shortages/|title=Oasys Water Aims to Make Desalination Cheap Enough to Crack Mainstream Market, Relieve Shortages|date=2009-03-02|author=McBride|first=Ryan|publisher=Xconomy}}</ref> McGinnis duziri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka CTO ruo n'afọ 2012. <ref name="cnbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/17/a-start-ups-that-solved-frackings-dirty-problem.html|title=A start-up that's solved fracking's dirty problem|date=2015-02-17|author=Zaleski|first=Andrew|publisher=CNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZaleski2015">Zaleski, Andrew (2015-02-17). [https://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/17/a-start-ups-that-solved-frackings-dirty-problem.html "A start-up that's solved fracking's dirty problem"]. CNBC.</cite></ref> N'ikpeazụ, Oasys Water wuru nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ise na China ma mesịa jikọta ya na ụlọ ọrụ Woteer Water Technology nke dị na Beijing. <ref name="cnbc" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterworld.com/home/article/16203120/oasys-looks-to-sell-forward-osmosis-ip-as-cash-flow-dries-up|title=Oasys looks to sell forward osmosis IP as cash flow dries up|date=2017-12-05|author=Freyberg|first=Tom|publisher=WaterWorld}}</ref> === Mattershift === N’afọ 2013, McGinnis hibere Mattershift, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ nke na-emepụta membrane carbon nanotube maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta molekul . Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara n’ihu na-achọ ụzọ isi gbanwee CO₂ sitere n’ikuku ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọkụ, fatịlaịza, ọgwụ, na ihe owuwu ụlọ n’enweghị iji mmanụ fosil .Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke dị na mpaghara San Francisco Bay Area, bidoro ọrụ ya na University of Connecticut (UCONN) dịka akụkụ nke Mmemme Nkuzi na Nkwado Teknụzụ nke mahadum ahụ . E bipụtara teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme ka carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes gbasaa ma nyochaa ya na Science Advances na Machị 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/03/20180310-mattershift.html|title=Mattershift scales up CNT membranes; potential for zero-carbon fuels for less than fossil|date=2018-03-10|publisher=Green Car Congress}}</ref> The Chemical Engineer nyochagharịrị nnyocha a na-emeghe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/carbon-nanotubes-could-make-carbon-zero-fuels-cheaper-than-fossil-fuels/|title=Carbon nanotubes could make carbon-zero fuels cheaper than fossil fuels|date=2018-03-15|author=Doyle|first=Amanda|publisher=The Chemical Engineer}}</ref> === Prometheus Fuels === McGinnis guzobere ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ya ọzọ, Santa Cruz, California, Prometheus Fuels, mmalite ike na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ iji nyochaa CO<nowiki><sub id="mw0w">2</sub></nowiki> ikuku site na iji mmiri, ọkụ eletrik, na membrane nanotube iji mepụta mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2019 ma bụrụ onye isi oche kemgbe ahụ.<ref name="Science Magazine July 2019">{{Cite web|author=Service|first=Robert F.|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/07/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|work=[[Science (journal)|Science Magazine]]|language=en|date=3 July 2019}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime abụọ ahọpụtara maka itinye ego na Machị 2019 site na Y Combinator mgbe arịrịọ incubator maka aro iji dozie mwepụ carbon.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brustein|first=Joshua|title=In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/in-silicon-valley-the-quest-to-make-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en|date=30 April 2019|quote="Y Combinator, a renowned early-stage investment firm, made a show of calling for new companies working on carbon removal."}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * Robert L. McGinnis; Kevin Reimund; Jian Ren; Lingling Xia na ndị ọzọ, ''Nnukwu polymer carbon nanotube membranes nwere oghere dị n'okpuru-1.27-nm'', na Science Advances, Mpịakọta 4, Mbipụta 3, 2018<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Large-scale polymeric carbon nanotube membranes with sub–1.27-nm pores|journal=Science Advances|date=March 2018|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1700938|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.|pmid=29536038}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Nathan T. Hancock; Marek S. Nowosielski-Slepowron; Gary D. McGurgan2, Ihe ngosi nke usoro desalination nke NH3/CO2 na-aga n'ihu na salinity brines dị elu, na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 312, 1 Machị 2013, Peeji 67-74 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916412006406|title=Pilot demonstration of the {{chem|NH|3}}/{{chem|CO|2}} forward osmosis desalination process on high salinity brines|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2013|volume=312|pages=67–74|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.032|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Tzahi Y. Catha; Menachem Elimelech; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon na ndị ọzọ, Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes, na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 312, 1 Machị 2013, Peeji 31-38<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916412003657|title=Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2013|volume=312|pages=31–38|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.005|author=Cath|first=Tzahi Y.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis na Menachem Elimelech, Global Challenges in Energy and Water Supply: The Promise of Engineered Osmosis in Environ. Sci. Technol 2008, 42, 23, 8625-8629, 1 Disemba 2008<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Global Challenges in Energy and Water Supply: The Promise of Engineered Osmosis|journal=ACS Publications|date=December 2008|volume=42|issue=23|pages=8625–8629|doi=10.1021/es800812m|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.|pmid=19192773}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation, in Journal of Membrane Science, Mpịakọta 305, mbipụta 1-2, 15 Nọvemba 2007, Peeji 13-19 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376738807005844|title=A novel ammonia–carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|date=November 2007|volume=305|issue=1–2|pages=13–19|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.027|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Menachem Elimelech, ''Ike achọrọ nke ammonia-carbon dioxide gaa n'ihu osmosis desalination'', na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 207, Mbipụta 1-3, 10 Machị 2007, Peeji 370-382 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916407000367|title=Energy requirements of ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis desalination|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2007|volume=207|issue=1–3|pages=370–382|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.08.012|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, Desalination by ammonia-carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Mmetụta nke ịdọrọ na inye nri na arụmọrụ usoro, na Journal of Membrane Science, Mpịakọta 278, Mbipụta 1-2, 5 Julaị 2006, Peeji 114-123 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376738805007982|title=Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|date=July 2006|volume=278|issue=1–2|pages=114–123|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.048|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey L. McCutcheon na Menachem Elimelech, The Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process, in Water Conditioning and Purification, Jan 1, 2006 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://wcponline.com/2006/10/27/ammonia-carbon-dioxide-forward-osmosis-desalination-process/|title=Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process|journal=Water Conditioning and Purification|date=January 2006}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, A novel ammonia - carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process, in Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 174, Mbipụta 1, 1 Eprel 2005, Peeji 1-11 <ref name="sciencedirect">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226|title=A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process|journal=Desalination|date=April 2005|volume=174|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCutcheonMcGinnisElimelech2005">McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.; McGinnis, Robert L.; Elimelech, Menachem (April 2005). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226 "A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process"]</span>. ''Desalination''. '''174''' (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>11. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002]].</cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * Osmosis n'ihu * Ịchụpụ nnu == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=t4ZIFUoAAAAJ&hl=en Rob McGinnis na Google Scholar] * [https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Robert+Mcginnis Google Patents - Onye mepụtara Robert L. McGinnis] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 47fktnj19jiim6dzs0xq57lm98xcwbl 655797 655777 2026-06-14T21:05:12Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 655797 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Robert L. McGinnis''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị America, <ref name="science">{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|date=2019-07-03|author=F. Service|first=Robert|publisher=Science}}</ref> onye ọchụnta ego teknụzụ, na onye mepụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ gụnyere Prometheus Fuels, <ref name="MIT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/25/1050899/prometheus-fuels-startup-carbon-neutral/|title=This $1.5 billion startup promised to deliver clean fuels as cheap as gas. Experts are deeply skeptical|date=2022-04-25|author=Temple|first=James|publisher=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> Mattershift <ref name="uconn">{{Cite web|url=https://today.uconn.edu/2018/04/startup-develops-carbon-zero-fuels-uconn-partnership/|title=Startup Advances Carbon-Zero Fuels through UConn Partnership|date=2018-04-25|author=McBride|first=Jessica|publisher=UConn Today}}</ref> na Oasys Water. [3] <ref name="bloomberg1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water|title=Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water|date=2011-03-10|author=Winter|first=Caroline|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref><ref name="cnbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/17/a-start-ups-that-solved-frackings-dirty-problem.html|title=A start-up that's solved fracking's dirty problem|date=2015-02-17|author=Zaleski|first=Andrew|publisher=CNBC}}</ref> Dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, a maara McGinnis nke ọma maka onyinye ya n’ụwa iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri na forward osmosis. Karịsịa, a na-enye ya otuto dịka otu n’ime ndị mepụtara ngwọta ịdọrọ mmiri nke NH₃/CO₂ maka usoro iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri nke forward osmosis (FO).<ref name="wipo">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5buDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rob+McGinnis+Yale+University&pg=PA77|title=Patent Landscape Report on Desalination Technologies and the Use of Alternative Energies for Desalination - Rob McGinnis Yale University(p.77)|date=November 2011|publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization|isbn=978-92-805-2166-5}}</ref><ref name="scispace">{{Cite web|url=https://typeset.io/authors/robert-l-mcginnis-5fnc88miz6|title=Robert L. McGinnis' Contributions|publisher=SCISPACE}}</ref><ref name="shawnw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.engineering.com/story/green-desalination-through-forward-osmosis|title=Green Desalination through Forward Osmosis|date=2013-10-28|author=Wasserman|first=Shawn|publisher=Engineering.com}}</ref>  McGinnis bụ onye isi na Prometheus Fuels, ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite teknụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke o guzobere na 2019. <ref name="bloomberg2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/in-silicon-valley-the-quest-to-make-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|title=In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air|date=2019-04-30|author=Brustein|first=Joshua|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref name="MIT" /> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Robert McGinnis gara Cabrillo College <ref name="science" /> na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], ebe ọ nwetara nzere B.A. ya na Theater na 2002. <ref name="scw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.santacruzworks.org/news/making-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|title=Making Gasoline Out of Thin Air|date=2019-11-26|author=Erickson|first=Doug|publisher=Santa Cruz Works}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg1" /> O mechara nweta nzere MS na [[Environmental engineering|Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi]] n'afọ 2007. N'ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Yale, McGinnis gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na 2009; onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ bụ Menachem Elimelech. E bipụtara ọrụ ya na edemede ya "Ammonia - Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination and Pressure Retarded Osmosis" na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Desalination" n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2005. <ref name="elimelech">{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/ResumeElimelech.pdf|title=Past Ph.D. Graduates - Robert McGinnis (p.8)|publisher=CURRICULUM VITAE of Menachem Elimelech}}</ref><ref name="sciencedirect" /> McGinnis bụ onye agha nke U.S. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), ebe ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'oge Operation Desert Storm na-ewepụ ogbunigwe na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọgbọ agha nke Persian Gulf.<ref name="bloomberg1" /> <ref name="science" /> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == N'afọ 2002, e kenyere McGinnis ọrụ dị ka CTO na injinia nyocha na Osmotic Technologies Inc., (OTI), ụlọ ọrụ Yale University Incubator maka ịzụ ahịa nke osmosis desalination na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, nke mesịrị ghọọ ọrụ nnwale n'okpuru mmemme EUWP (Expeditionary Unit Water Purification Consortium). N'afọ 2006, McGinnis natara NSF-GRFP Graduate Research Fellowship site na National Science Foundation maka ọmụmụ Ph.D. ya n'okpuru nlekọta Menachem Elimelech, onye guzobere Yale's Environmental Engineering Program. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/second-year-environmental-engineering-makes-us-news-top-10|title=For the Second Year, Environmental Engineering Makes The U.S. News' Top 10|author=|first=|date=|work=Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science|language=en|accessdate=2017-07-10}}</ref> <ref name="elimelech" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/news/american-chemical-society-environmental-chemistry-graduate-student-award-6|title=American Chemical Society Environmental Chemistry Graduate Student Award|publisher=Yale University: Elimelech Research Group}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ na Yale, mmasị nyocha sayensị McGinnis gụnyere mmepe usoro membrane ndị ike osmosis na-akwọ , imepụta membrane ọhụrụ, na iji membrane nke ọkwa nanometer eme nchọpụta . Isi ebe o lekwasịrị anya bụ mmepe na nhazi usoro forward osmosis na iji ya arụ ọrụ n’ezie, karịsịa n’ọrụ iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri na usoro nhazi na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Robert-L-McGinnis-32296173|title=Robert L. McGinnis's research while affiliated with CUNY Graduate Center and other places}}</ref> A kpọpụtala ọrụ ya n’akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị metụtara kemịstrị na teknụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi. McGinnis so kwa mepụta ihe ọnụ n’ihe karịrị patent 20 e nyere ikike n’ụwa membrane, ike, iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri , na nanoteknụzụ site n’aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Patent na Akara Ahịa nke United States. N’afọ 2018, McGinnis nwetara ihe nrite AIChE Innovator Award for Innovation in Chemical Engineering Education, nke American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) nyere, maka ọhụụ na mmepe ọhụrụ n’agụmakwụkwọ injinia kemịkal.<ref name="science" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/robert-l-mcginnis|title=Patents by Inventor Robert L. McGinnis|publisher=Justia Patents}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiche.org/community/bio/rob-mcginnis|title=Rob McGinnis|date=3 October 2018|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2018/december/aiche-awards-review-2018|title=AIChE Awards in Review: 2018|date=27 November 2018|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers}}</ref> == Ọrụ azụmahịa == === Oasys Water === Nnyocha nke usoro osmosis n'ihu na ụlọ nyocha Elimelech na Yale dugara n'ịmepụta Oasys Water na 2008, ụlọ ọrụ dị na Cambridge, Massachusetts, na ebumnuche bụ isi nke ime ka teknụzụ nke usoro desalination na-arụ ọrụ a na-akpọ osmosis engineered (EO) bụrụ nke azụmahịa. <ref name="bloomberg1" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/21/oasys-water-raises-10m-for-new-desalination-technology/|title=Oasys Water raises $10M for new|date=22 February 2009|publisher=Venture Beat}}</ref><ref name="wipo" /> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere dị ka ọrụ mmalite teknụzụ Yale. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/forward-osmosis-can-a-startup-reverse-desalination-5735|title=Forward Osmosis: Can a Startup Reverse Desalination?|date=2009-02-17|author=Kanellos|first=Michael|publisher=Green Tech Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://xconomy.com/boston/2009/03/02/oasys-water-aims-to-make-desalination-cheap-enough-to-crack-mainstream-market-relieve-shortages/|title=Oasys Water Aims to Make Desalination Cheap Enough to Crack Mainstream Market, Relieve Shortages|date=2009-03-02|author=McBride|first=Ryan|publisher=Xconomy}}</ref> McGinnis duziri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka CTO ruo n'afọ 2012. <ref name="cnbc" /> N'ikpeazụ, Oasys Water wuru nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ise na China ma mesịa jikọta ya na ụlọ ọrụ Woteer Water Technology nke dị na Beijing. <ref name="cnbc" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterworld.com/home/article/16203120/oasys-looks-to-sell-forward-osmosis-ip-as-cash-flow-dries-up|title=Oasys looks to sell forward osmosis IP as cash flow dries up|date=2017-12-05|author=Freyberg|first=Tom|publisher=WaterWorld}}</ref> === Mattershift === N’afọ 2013, McGinnis hibere Mattershift, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ nke na-emepụta membrane carbon nanotube maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta molekul . Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara n’ihu na-achọ ụzọ isi gbanwee CO₂ sitere n’ikuku ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọkụ, fatịlaịza, ọgwụ, na ihe owuwu ụlọ n’enweghị iji mmanụ fosil .Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke dị na mpaghara San Francisco Bay Area, bidoro ọrụ ya na University of Connecticut (UCONN) dịka akụkụ nke Mmemme Nkuzi na Nkwado Teknụzụ nke mahadum ahụ . E bipụtara teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme ka carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes gbasaa ma nyochaa ya na Science Advances na Machị 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/03/20180310-mattershift.html|title=Mattershift scales up CNT membranes; potential for zero-carbon fuels for less than fossil|date=2018-03-10|publisher=Green Car Congress}}</ref> The Chemical Engineer nyochagharịrị nnyocha a na-emeghe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/carbon-nanotubes-could-make-carbon-zero-fuels-cheaper-than-fossil-fuels/|title=Carbon nanotubes could make carbon-zero fuels cheaper than fossil fuels|date=2018-03-15|author=Doyle|first=Amanda|publisher=The Chemical Engineer}}</ref> === Prometheus Fuels === McGinnis guzobere ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ya ọzọ, Santa Cruz, California, Prometheus Fuels, mmalite ike na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ iji nyochaa CO<nowiki><sub id="mw0w">2</sub></nowiki> ikuku site na iji mmiri, ọkụ eletrik, na membrane nanotube iji mepụta mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2019 ma bụrụ onye isi oche kemgbe ahụ.<ref name="Science Magazine July 2019">{{Cite web|author=Service|first=Robert F.|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/07/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|work=[[Science (journal)|Science Magazine]]|language=en|date=3 July 2019}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime abụọ ahọpụtara maka itinye ego na Machị 2019 site na Y Combinator mgbe arịrịọ incubator maka aro iji dozie mwepụ carbon.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brustein|first=Joshua|title=In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/in-silicon-valley-the-quest-to-make-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en|date=30 April 2019|quote="Y Combinator, a renowned early-stage investment firm, made a show of calling for new companies working on carbon removal."}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * Robert L. McGinnis; Kevin Reimund; Jian Ren; Lingling Xia na ndị ọzọ, ''Nnukwu polymer carbon nanotube membranes nwere oghere dị n'okpuru-1.27-nm'', na Science Advances, Mpịakọta 4, Mbipụta 3, 2018<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Large-scale polymeric carbon nanotube membranes with sub–1.27-nm pores|journal=Science Advances|date=March 2018|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1700938|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.|pmid=29536038}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Nathan T. Hancock; Marek S. Nowosielski-Slepowron; Gary D. McGurgan2, Ihe ngosi nke usoro desalination nke NH3/CO2 na-aga n'ihu na salinity brines dị elu, na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 312, 1 Machị 2013, Peeji 67-74 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916412006406|title=Pilot demonstration of the {{chem|NH|3}}/{{chem|CO|2}} forward osmosis desalination process on high salinity brines|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2013|volume=312|pages=67–74|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.032|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Tzahi Y. Catha; Menachem Elimelech; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon na ndị ọzọ, Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes, na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 312, 1 Machị 2013, Peeji 31-38<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916412003657|title=Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2013|volume=312|pages=31–38|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.005|author=Cath|first=Tzahi Y.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis na Menachem Elimelech, Global Challenges in Energy and Water Supply: The Promise of Engineered Osmosis in Environ. Sci. Technol 2008, 42, 23, 8625-8629, 1 Disemba 2008<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Global Challenges in Energy and Water Supply: The Promise of Engineered Osmosis|journal=ACS Publications|date=December 2008|volume=42|issue=23|pages=8625–8629|doi=10.1021/es800812m|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.|pmid=19192773}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation, in Journal of Membrane Science, Mpịakọta 305, mbipụta 1-2, 15 Nọvemba 2007, Peeji 13-19 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376738807005844|title=A novel ammonia–carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|date=November 2007|volume=305|issue=1–2|pages=13–19|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.027|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Menachem Elimelech, ''Ike achọrọ nke ammonia-carbon dioxide gaa n'ihu osmosis desalination'', na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 207, Mbipụta 1-3, 10 Machị 2007, Peeji 370-382 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916407000367|title=Energy requirements of ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis desalination|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2007|volume=207|issue=1–3|pages=370–382|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.08.012|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, Desalination by ammonia-carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Mmetụta nke ịdọrọ na inye nri na arụmọrụ usoro, na Journal of Membrane Science, Mpịakọta 278, Mbipụta 1-2, 5 Julaị 2006, Peeji 114-123 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376738805007982|title=Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|date=July 2006|volume=278|issue=1–2|pages=114–123|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.048|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey L. McCutcheon na Menachem Elimelech, The Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process, in Water Conditioning and Purification, Jan 1, 2006 <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://wcponline.com/2006/10/27/ammonia-carbon-dioxide-forward-osmosis-desalination-process/|title=Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process|journal=Water Conditioning and Purification|date=January 2006}}</ref> * Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, A novel ammonia - carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process, in Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 174, Mbipụta 1, 1 Eprel 2005, Peeji 1-11 <ref name="sciencedirect">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226|title=A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process|journal=Desalination|date=April 2005|volume=174|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCutcheonMcGinnisElimelech2005">McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.; McGinnis, Robert L.; Elimelech, Menachem (April 2005). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226 "A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process"]</span>. ''Desalination''. '''174''' (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>11. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002]].</cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * Osmosis n'ihu * Ịchụpụ nnu == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=t4ZIFUoAAAAJ&hl=en Rob McGinnis na Google Scholar] * [https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Robert+Mcginnis Google Patents - Onye mepụtara Robert L. McGinnis] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] jus00uue4v8383kd8kbe06f2p0390iv 3 76736 655778 2026-06-14T18:00:35Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 655778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=JoyousQ|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 18:00, 14 Jụn 2026 (UTC)}} t1gcpvnkjs6rgobuu78z8e3j507ewun 0 76737 655798 2026-06-14T21:11:17Z Nnesco14 61761 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294312347|Oil Pollution Act of 1961]]" 655798 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Iwu mgbochi mmetọ mmanụ nke afọ puku otu, narị itoolu na iri isii na otu''', 33 USC Isi nke 20 §§ 1001–1011, guzobere nkọwa ikpe na mmachibido iwu n'ụsọ oké osimiri maka ụlọ ọrụ mmiri nke obodo United States. Iwu ahụ wepụrụ nkwekọrịta nke nkwekọrịta mba nile maka mgbochi mmetọ nke oké osimiri site na mmanụ, na afo otu puku , nari itoolu na iri ise na ano. nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nyere ndokwa iji chịkwaa mwepụ nke ihe ndị na-emerụ mmanụ sitere na ụgbọ mmiri na oke osimiri . E tinyere iwu S. 2187 n'ọgbakọ omeiwu nke iri asatọ na asaa nke United States, ma mee ya site n'aka Onyeisiala nke iri atọ na ise nke United States, John F. Kennedy, n'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọgọst, afọ otu puku , nari itoolu na iri isii na otu. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Nkwekọrịta mba nile maka mgbochi mmetọ nke oké osimiri site na mmanụ (OILPOL) bụ mgbakọ mba ụwa nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] haziri na afo otu puku, nari itoolu na iri ise na ano. Emere mgbakọ ahụ na [[London|London, England]] site na Eprel Iri abụọ na isii, 1954, ruo Mee iri na abụọ , na afo otu puku, nari itoolu na iri ise na ano . A kpọrọ nzukọ mba ụwa iji kwado mkpofu ihe mkpofu na-emerụ ahụ nke na-etinye ihe ize ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/oilpol1954.html|title=International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954|date=May 12, 1954|publisher=Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide|accessdate=November 25, 2013}}</ref> E dere akwụkwọ mbụ nke nkwekọrịta mba nile maka mgbochi mmetọ nke oké osimiri site na Mmanụ na 1954 n'asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] na [[Asụsụ French|French]] . Emeziri nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nke 1954 na 1962, 1969, na 1971. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/oilpolamend1962.html|title=Amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil of 12 May 1954|date=April 11, 1962|publisher=Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide|accessdate=November 26, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/oilpolamend1969.html|title=Amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil of 12 May 1954|date=October 21, 1969|publisher=Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide|accessdate=November 26, 2013}}</ref> == Ndokwa nke Iwu ahụ == Iwu ahụ ṅomiri usoro ndị sochiri nkwekọrịta mba nile maka mgbochi mmetọ nke Oké osimiri site na mmanụ, na afo otu puku, nari itoolu na iri ise na ano. === Nkọwa === : ''Mwepụ'' n'ihe metụtara mmanụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọta mmanụ pụtara mwepụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ mgbapụ ọ bụla kpatara ya . : ''Mmanụ dizel dị arọ'' pụtara mmanụ dizel mmiri, ewezuga ndị distillates nke ihe karịrị pasent iri ise site na olu ya na-agbaze na okpomọkụ na-agaghị agafe narị atọ na iri anọ Celsius °C / Narị isii na iri anọ na anọ °F mgbe Ọgbakọ America Maka Nnwale na Ngwaọrụ Ihe nwalere ya usoro ọkọlọtọ D158-53 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/D158.htm|title=ASTM D158-59 Method of Test for Distillation of Gas Oil and Similar Distillate Fuel Oils (Withdrawn 1962)|publisher=ASTM International, formerly American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)|accessdate=November 29, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/oil-refining.htm|title=How Oil Refining Works|author=Freudenrich, Ph.D.|first=Craig|publisher=HowStuffWorks, Inc.|accessdate=November 29, 2013}}</ref> : ''Maịlụ'' pụtara maịlụ ụgbọ mmiri nke 6,080 feet (1,850 m) : ''Mmanụ'' pụtara mmanụ na-adịgide adịgide, dị ka mmanụ nkịtị, mmanụ mmanụ, mmanụ dizel dị arọ, na mmanụ na-ete mmanụ . Mmanụ dị na ngwakọta mmanụ ahụ erughị otu narị akụkụ kwa otu nde akụkụ nke ngwakọta mmanụ ahụ, a naghịkwa ele ya anya dị ka ihe na-emebi elu oké osimiri. : ''Mpaghara amachibidoro'' pụtara mpaghara anọ a họpụtara dịka mpaghara Adriatic, mpaghara Oké osimiri ugwu, mpaghara Atlantic, na mpaghara Australia : ''Ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri'' pụtara :: (I) ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-eji eme ihe ugbu a dị ka ndị enyemaka ụgbọ mmiri; :: (II) ụgbọ mmiri ndị ruru tọn narị ise n'ọnụọgụ ; :: (III) ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-etinye aka na ọrụ ịkụ azụ̀ whale ugbu a; :: (IV) ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe n'odọ mmiri ukwu nke ugwu Amerịka na mmiri njikọ ha na nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ọnụ ụzọ dị ala nke Lachine Canal Montreal na Province nke [[Quebec|Quebec, Canada]] . : ''Odeakwụkwọ'' pụtara odeakwụkwọ nke ndị agha Amerịka === Mmachibido Iwu Mpaghara === : Mpaghara Adriatic - n'ime oke osimiri Adriatic mpaghara amachibidoro n'akụkụ oke osimiri Ịtali na Yugoslavia n'otu n'otu ga-agbatị ogologo kilomita iri ise site na ala, ewezuga naanị agwaetiti Vis. Mpaghara oke osimiri ugwu - mpaghara oke osimiri ugwu ga-agbatị anya nke nari kilomita (nari iri isii km) site n'ụsọ osimiri nke mba ndị a: Bèlijọm Denimak Federal Republic nke Jamanị Họland United Kingdom nke nnukwu obodo Britain na Northern Ireland mana ọ gafere ebe oke mpaghara nari (kilomita nari iri isii) dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Jutland na-agafe oke mpaghara iri ise kilomita (iri asato km) n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri Norway. Mpaghara Atlantic - mpaghara Atlantic ga-adị n'ime ahịrị a ga-esi n'otu ebe dị na Greenwich meridian nari kilomita (nari iri isii km) n'akụkụ ugwu-n'ebe ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Agwaetiti Shetland; wee si na mgbago ugwu n'akụkụ Greenwich meridian ruo latitude iri isii na ano° north; wee si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ tinyere iri isii na ano myirịta na lonjituudu iri° ọdịda anyanwụ (64°00′00″N 10°00′00″W / 64.00000°N 10.00000°W); si ebe ahụ gaa latitude iri isii° north, longitude iri na ano° ọdịda anyanwụ (60°00′00″N 14°00′00″W / 60.00000°N 14.00000°W); si ebe ahụ gaa latitude 54° 30' north, longitude 30° ọdịda anyanwụ (54°30′00″N 30°00′00″W / 54.50000°N 30.00000°W); si ebe ahụ gaa latitude 44° 20' north, longitude 30° ọdịda anyanwụ (44°20′00″N 30°00′00″W / 44.33333°N 30.00000°W); si ebe ahụ gaa latitude 48° north, longitude 14° ọdịda anyanwụ (48°00′00″N 14°00′00″W / 48.00000°N 14.00000°W); wee si n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ n'akụkụ 48th myirịta ruo n'ókè nke njikọ na mpaghara iri ise kilomita (iri asatokm) n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri France. Mpaghara Ọstrelia - mpaghara Ọstrelia ga-agbatị ihe dịka nari iri ise kilomita (nari abuo na iri ano km) site n'ụsọ osimiri nke Ostrelia, ma e wezụga n'akụkụ ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke ala Ostrelia n'etiti etiti chere agwaetiti Tọzdee na ebe dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ na iri abuo° south latitude (20°00′00″S 119°40′00″E020. 119.66667°E). === Akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ === : A ga-ebu akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ n'ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na mmanụ a gbapụ ma ọ bụ gbapụ n'ụgbọ mmiri n'ebe a machibidoro iwu, a ga-eme nkwupụta ebinyere aka n'akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ, site n'aka onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ndị metụtara ya na onye nwe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, gbasara ọnọdụ na ihe kpatara mwepụ ma ọ bụ mgbapụ ahụ. {| border="1" width="35%" ! align="center" |Akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ maka ndị na-ebu mmanụ |- |Ụbọchị e si abanye |- |''I.) Ballasting nke na mbupụ nke ballast site na tankị ibu'' |- |Nọmba njirimara nke tankị (s) |- |Ụdị mmanụ dị na tankị (s) |- |Ụbọchị na ebe ballasting |- |Ụbọchị na oge a na-agbapụta mmiri ballast |- |Ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- |Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri na-emetọ mmanụ ebufe na tankị (s) |- |Nọmba njirimara nke tankị slop (s) |- |''Nke Abụọ. ) Ịsacha tankị ibu'' |- |Nọmba njirimara nke tankị (s) e hichapụrụ |- |Ụdị mmanụ dị na tankị (s) |- |Nọmba njirimara nke tankị (s) nke a na-ebufe ịsa ahụ |- |Ụbọchị na oge nhicha |- |''Nke Atọ. ) Ịnọ n'ime tankị (s) na ịpụ mmiri'' |- |Nọmba njirimara nke tankị slop (s) |- |Oge obibi (n'awa) |- |Ụbọchị na oge mmiri na-agbapụta |- |Ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- |Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe fọdụrụnụ |- |''Nke anọ. ) Ntinye mmanụ si n'ụgbọ mmiri site na tankị (s) na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ'' |- |Ụbọchị na usoro e si efunahụ ya |- |Ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- |Ebe e si nweta ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya |} {| border="1" width="35%" ! align="center" |Akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ maka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ na-abụghị tankị |- |Ụbọchị e si abanye |- |''I.) Ballasting, ma ọ bụ nhicha n'oge njem, nke tankị mmanụ bunker'' |- |Nọmba njirimara nke tankị (s) |- |Ụdị mmanụ dị na tankị (s) |- |Ụbọchị na ebe ballasting |- |Ụbọchị na oge a na-ewepụ ballast ma ọ bụ mmiri ịsa ahụ |- |Ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- |Ma e ji nkewa mee ihe: ọ bụrụ na ọ dị otú ahụ, nye oge ojiji |- |Ihichapụ mmanụ ndị fọdụrụ n'ụgbọ ahụ |- |''Nke Abụọ. ) Ịchụpụ mmanụ ndị fọdụrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri site na tankị mmanụ na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ'' |- |Ụbọchị na usoro e si efunahụ ya |- |Ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- |Ebe e si nweta ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya |} {| border="1" width="35%" ! align="center" |Akwụkwọ ndekọ mmanụ maka ụgbọ mmiri niile |- |Ụbọchị e si abanye |- |''Mmanụ na-agbapụta na mberede na ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche'' |- |Ụbọchị na oge ọ mere |- |Ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri |- |Ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụdị mmanụ |- |Ọnọdụ nke ịpụ ma ọ bụ ịgbapụ na nkwupụta n'ozuzu |} == Iwepụ Iwu Mmetọ Mmanụ nke 1961 == A kagbuola Iwu United States nke 1961 site na iwu nke Iwu iji gbochie mmetọ site na ụgbọ mmiri n'October 21, 1980. == Hụkwa ==   : TMmanụ ụgbọala tank Mgbapu mmiri ballast na gburugburu ebe obibi Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mbupu Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri Mba Nile MARPOL 73/78 Akụrụngwa nleba anya mgbapụta mmanụ Iwu mmetọ mmanụ nke 1924 Iwu mmetọ mmanụ nke 1973 Iwu mmetọ mmanụ nke 1990 == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mgbakọ mba ụwa maka igbochi mmetọ nke oke osimiri site na mmanụ, na afo otu puku , nari itoolu iri ise na ano, p. puku abụọ, narị itoolu na iri asatọ na itoolu, na Akwụkwọ ngwa nchọgharị. Mgbakwunye metụtara Nkwekọrịta Mba Nile Maka Mgbochi Mmetọ nke Oké Osimiri site na Mmanụ, na afo otu puku, nari itoolu iri ise na ano ka emegharịrị na 1962 na 1969, p. 1, na Akwụkwọ Google OCLC 496668525 OCLC 630927457 OCLC 10925358 OCLC 17155361 "Sistemụ njirimara akpaaka nke nsuso mmiri". MarineTraffic.com. "Nsochi Sistemụ Nchọpụta Akpaaka". VesselFinder.com. {{John F. Kennedy}}{{US Environmental law}} 1rdtk2xmey4ecg8icanwnb0e2zs4jt1 0 76738 655837 2026-06-15T11:19:10Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358838567|Abiod Valley]]" 655837 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oued El Abiod''' (Bekee: Abiod Valley)bụ wadi nke na-emepụta ụzọ ugwu n'ime nnukwu ugwu Aurès , nke dị na Saharan Atlas n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Algeria. Ya na Oued Abdi, ọ bụ otu n'ime wadi ndị kachasị mkpa n'ime mpaghara ugwu Aurès.N'oge mmiri ozuzo, mmiri ozuzo na snow na-agbaze na-asọba n'ime ndagwurugwu ahụ ma mepụta Osimiri Abiod. Ndagwurugwu ahụ na-amalite n'okpuru Ugwu Djebel Chélia, nke bụ ugwu kachasị elu na Algeria, ma na-asọba n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Tolga. N'ikpeazụ, mmiri ya na-agbasa ma na-apụ n'anya n'ime Ọzara Sahara dị nso . <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=27}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kimble|first=George H. T.|date=June 1941|title=The Berbers of Eastern Algeria|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=97|issue=6|pages=337–347|doi=10.2307/1788169}}</ref><ref name="readersnatural" /> == Ọdịdị ala == Ahịhịa ndị dị n'ugwu dị n'ebe ugwu nke Abiod Valley na-abụkarị Mediterenian nke nwere oke ọhịa nke osisi oak, pine na osisi cedar oge ochie, nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-akwagide na mkpọda ugwu. Akụkụ ndịda bụ ọzara nke nwere ahịhịa na-adịghị ahụkebe, dị ka oak, junipa, cedar, clumps nke thyme, na harmel. Ndagwurugwu ahụ nwere ọtụtụ obere oases<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=27}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFScheffelWernet1980">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. </cite></ref> [5] E nwere ọtụtụ ebe obibi mmadụ n'akụkụ mgbidi nke Abiod Valley, gụnyere Ghoufi . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNMLAAAAYAAJ&q=Ghoufi+abiod|title=Il était une fois l'ethnographie|author=Tillion|first=Germaine|date=2000|publisher=Seuil|isbn=9782020257022|pages=94|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zA5xAAAAMAAJ&q=Ghoufi+abiod|title=Encyclopédie berbère|author=Isguen-Bouzeis|first=Beni|date=1991|publisher=EDISUD|isbn=9782857442011|pages=1133|language=fr}}</ref> Mgbidi sandstone nke ndagwurugwu ahụ dị nro ma dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ n'ụdị, ya mere ọtụtụ obodo nta dị na mgbidi ndagwurugwum ahụ gụnyere nnukwu ụlọ nkume.[5] N'akụkụ obodo Tighanimine, e nwere ihe fọdụrụ na Ọwa mmiri Rom oge ochie. [8] == Edensibịa == <references /> bm3j81jnn9msb3bhqivptrtiu5nvs53 655841 655837 2026-06-15T11:44:23Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 655841 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oued El Abiod''' (Bekee: Abiod Valley)bụ wadi nke na-emepụta ụzọ ugwu n'ime nnukwu ugwu Aurès , nke dị na Saharan Atlas n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Algeria. Ya na Oued Abdi, ọ bụ otu n'ime wadi ndị kachasị mkpa n'ime mpaghara ugwu Aurès.N'oge mmiri ozuzo, mmiri ozuzo na snow na-agbaze na-asọba n'ime ndagwurugwu ahụ ma mepụta Osimiri Abiod. Ndagwurugwu ahụ na-amalite n'okpuru Ugwu Djebel Chélia, nke bụ ugwu kachasị elu na Algeria, ma na-asọba n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Tolga. N'ikpeazụ, mmiri ya na-agbasa ma na-apụ n'anya n'ime Ọzara Sahara dị nso . <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=27}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kimble|first=George H. T.|date=June 1941|title=The Berbers of Eastern Algeria|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=97|issue=6|pages=337–347|doi=10.2307/1788169}}</ref><ref name="readersnatural" /> == Ọdịdị ala == Ahịhịa ndị dị n'ugwu dị n'ebe ugwu nke Abiod Valley na-abụkarị Mediterenian nke nwere oke ọhịa nke osisi oak, pine na osisi cedar oge ochie, nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-akwagide na mkpọda ugwu. Akụkụ ndịda bụ ọzara nke nwere ahịhịa na-adịghị ahụkebe, dị ka oak, junipa, cedar, clumps nke thyme, na harmel. Ndagwurugwu ahụ nwere ọtụtụ obere oases<ref name="readersnatural" /> [5] E nwere ọtụtụ ebe obibi mmadụ n'akụkụ mgbidi nke Abiod Valley, gụnyere Ghoufi . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNMLAAAAYAAJ&q=Ghoufi+abiod|title=Il était une fois l'ethnographie|author=Tillion|first=Germaine|date=2000|publisher=Seuil|isbn=9782020257022|pages=94|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zA5xAAAAMAAJ&q=Ghoufi+abiod|title=Encyclopédie berbère|author=Isguen-Bouzeis|first=Beni|date=1991|publisher=EDISUD|isbn=9782857442011|pages=1133|language=fr}}</ref> Mgbidi sandstone nke ndagwurugwu ahụ dị nro ma dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ n'ụdị, ya mere ọtụtụ obodo nta dị na mgbidi ndagwurugwum ahụ gụnyere nnukwu ụlọ nkume.[5] N'akụkụ obodo Tighanimine, e nwere ihe fọdụrụ na Ọwa mmiri Rom oge ochie. [8] == Edensibịa == <references /> 0wwwgz98ygof53099x7vw1fc8jmpqqd 0 76739 655839 2026-06-15T11:32:10Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1220182053|Kongkong River]]" 655839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kongkong River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = South Sudan | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of mouth in South Sudan | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[South Sudan]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.43333|33.2333|display=it|region:SD-04_type:river}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Osimiri Kongkong |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Faịlụ:South_Sudan_topographic_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Kongkong River is located in South Sudan]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:55.439%;left:76.1%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Kongkong River]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Ebe ọnụ dị na South Sudan</div></div></div></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Ebe |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |[[South Sudan]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Àgwà ya&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọnụ | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&#x2022; akara&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kongkong_River&params=7.43333_N_33.2333_E_region:SD-04_type:river <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°26′00′′N</span> <span class="longitude">33°14′00′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.43333°N 33.2333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.43333; 33.2333</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kongkong_River&params=7.43333_N_33.2333_E_region:SD-04_type:river <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°26′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">33°14′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.43333°N 33.2333°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">7.43333; 33.2333</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |} '''Osimiri Kongkong''', nke a na-akpọkwa '''Kong Kong''', bụ iyi dị na steeti Jonglei nke South Sudan, ọdịda anyanwụ Boma National Park dị nso na ókèala Etiopia. N'obodo Bongak, ọ na-esonyere Osimiri Abara iji mepụta Osimiri Agwei ma ọ bụ Agvey, otu akụkụ nke Osimiri Pibor. Kongkong dị n'ime mmiri mmiri nke White Nile. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110929152905/http://www.cde.unibe.ch/sudan/maps/south/statemaps/jonglei_highweb.JPG Map nke Jonglei] * [http://www.getamap.net/maps/sudan/%28su26%29/_kongkong_river/ Osimiri Kongkong] {{Rivers of South Sudan}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 34muy1m9ur7w808hets9huomwe62pg4 0 76740 655840 2026-06-15T11:40:53Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310014334|Al-arbaâ Valley]]" 655840 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Al-arbaâ Valley''' bụ mmiri sitere na Ugwu Khachna ma na-agafe mpaghara Ouled Aissa na Sidi Daoud. Ọ na-abanye n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Djinet, na-agafe Boumerdès Province. == Nkọwa == Al-arbaâ Valley bụ otu n'ime ụzọ mmiri kachasị mkpa n'ime mpaghara nchịkọta mmiri nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Djinet na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Sidi Daoud n'ógbè Boumerdès.Mpaghara nchịkọta mmiri a na-ekpuchi mpaghara dị ihe dịka kilomita skwea 35 n'ime ugwu a na-akpọ Al-Droa'a Mountains, nke bụ akụkụ nke ugwu Khachna. Ụfọdụ obere osimiri na iyi mmiri ndị na-enye osimiri a mmiri na-esite n'elu ugwu dị ihe dịka mita 550 n'ime ọchịchị ime obodo nke Ouled Aissa na Sidi Daoud. Ha na-aga n'ihu n'ịsọgharị site n'ime ọchịchị ime obodo Djinet ruo mgbe ha rutere n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.Ọnụ osimiri a, ebe ọ na-abanye n'oké osimiri, dị n'ókèala dị n'etiti Sidi Daoud na Djinet. Mmiri a na-erite uru site n'ọtụtụ isi iyi ugwu, na mgbakwunye na mmiri ozuzo na snow na-agbaze, nke na-achịkọta mmiri ya. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Boumerdès Province, nke Osimiri Sebaou gbara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Osimiri Isser n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. == Ụzọ == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Al-arbaâ Valley na-agafe otu mpaghara Algeria dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, Boumerdès, nke dị n'ime Ugwu Khachna. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Obodo nta dị na Boumerdès n'ụzọ "Al-arbaâ Valley" !Ọnụ ọgụgụ !Ógbè Boumerdès |- !01 |Ouled Aissa, Boumerdès |- !02 |Sidi Daoud |- !03 |Djinet |} == Okporo ụzọ == Al-arbaâ Valley jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ okporo ụzọ n'akụkụ ya. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Okporo ụzọ dị na "Al-arbaâ Valley" !Ọnụ ọgụgụ !Ógbè Boumerdès |- !01 |Okporo ụzọ Mba 24 |- !02 |Okporo ụzọ Steeti 18 |} == Mmetọ == Al-arbaâ Valley anaghị emetụta nke ukwuu site na mmetọ mmiri, n'ihi na ụzọ mmiri ya si aga dị n'èzí mpaghara obodo na ebe obibi mmadụ nke Sidi Daoud na gburugburu Boudouaou. Otú ọ dị, ịtụfu ihe mkpofu siri ike, ihe mkpofu, na ihe mkpofu emeela ka ọ dị mkpụmkpụ n'akụkụ ya n'èzí obodo ndị a. Tụkwasị na nke a, mmiri nsị si n'obodo nta ndị dị nso emeela ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi nke ísì ọjọọ na ụmụ ahụhụ na-emerụ ahụ. == Idei Mmiri == Al-arbaâ Valley na-enwe [[idei mmiri]] n'oge Mmiri ozuzo n'ihi mmiri ozuzo na-esi n'ebe ndị dị n'elu obodo Ouled Aissa, Sidi Daoud, na Djinet. Idei mmiri ndị a na-eme ka ọnụ ya dị nso n'àkwà mmiri dị na National Road No. 24 mikpuo mgbe ụfọdụ. Isi ihe kpatara idei mmiri ndị a bụ mgbochi nke usoro mmiri ozuzo site na ala na nkume. Iji dozie nsogbu a, a na-eme atụmatụ iji belata ya dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ a na-aga n'ihu maka ịgbasa na imezi okporo ụzọ mba ahụ. Nke a gụnyere iwu akwa mmiri dị elu ma bulie ya elu nke ọma, iji gbochie mmiri osimiri ahụ ịba n'okporo ụzọ ma kpatara idei mmiri. == Ihe mgbochi mmiri == Al-arbaâ Valley Dam, nke a makwaara dị ka Sidi Daoud Dam ma ọ bụ Hamrouna Dam, e wuru ya n'ụzọ Al-arbaô Valley iji belata idei mmiri na-emetụta Sanouine Village na Sidi Daoud na Ouled Benoua Village na Djinet. A malitere iwu ya n'afọ 1973, ma wuchaa mmiri ahụ n'afọ 1975 na ikike nchekwa nke nde cubic mita 3.7. Ebumnuche ya bụ iji gbochie idei mmiri imetụta obodo nta ndị a dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na àkwà mmiri dị na National Road No. 24. Na mgbakwunye na nchebe nke idei mmiri, a na-eji mmiri ahụ eme ihe maka ịkpa anụ kemgbe Eprel 2010. E webatara ụdị azụ dị ka silver carp na Redbreast tilapia n'ime ọdọ mmiri ya, nke na-akwadokwa ịgba mmiri. Otú ọ dị, mmiri nke mmiri ahụ adịghị mma maka ịṅụ, na-achọ inweta mmiri dị ọcha maka mpaghara ugwu ndị gbara ya gburugburu, gụnyere Ouled Aissa. N'ihi ịdị arọ na ọnọdụ pụrụ iche nke mmiri dị n'ime ọdọ mmiri a na-edobe, igwu mmiri n'ime ya adịghị nchekwa, ma ihe mberede emeela n'ihi na akụkụ ala dị n'akụkụ ọdọ ahụ bụ apịtị na-adọrọ adọrọ. Mgbe e meghere dam ahụ n'etiti afọ ndị 1970, ndị ọrụ ugbo mpaghara ahụ nwere nnukwu olileanya na ha ga-eji mmiri ya eme ihe maka ịgba mmiri n'ubi.Otú ọ dị, izu ohi na mmebi nke mgbapụta mmiri na ọkpọkọ mmiri gbochiri mgbalị e mere iji gbasaa ọrụ ịkụ akwụkwọ nri n'ógbè ahụ, karịsịa n'ala dị larịị nke Yesser na Dellys. N'agbanyeghị na e mere ya iji gbaa ihe karịrị hekta 609 mmiri, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-adabere na ọrụ tankị mmiri dị oke ọnụ iji kwado ọrụ ugbo ha. E meela nkwa iji dozie akụrụngwa nke mmiri ahụ site na itinye pọmpụ ọhụrụ na paịpụ ndị buru ibu iji mee ka ojiji mmiri echekwara ya dịkwuo ukwuu. Ọganihu ndị dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike ime ka ikike njem nleta nke mmiri ahụ dịkwuo mma, n'ihi ịdị na ihe ndị na-adị ka Ọhịa Boubrak na Ugwu Sidi Daoud, nke na-arịgo ruo mita 595. Mmiri nke mmiri ahụ belatara ikike ya nke ukwuu, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ jupụtara na silt kemgbe 1978. Ọrụ desilting dị mkpa iji weghachite ikike nchekwa mmiri ya. Ihe owuwu dị ugbu a, gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ mbufe mmiri ochie na tankị nchekwa abụọ n'ime obodo Sanouine na El-Aaradj, na-enye ntọala maka ịmaliteghachi ikike ịgba mmiri na njikwa mmiri. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta osimiri nke Algeria * Ndagwurugwu Al-arbaâ * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi * Usoro mbupụ * Gwa Atlas * Khachna * Ógbè Boumerdès * Ndepụta osimiri * Njem nleta na Algeria * Ndepụta nke ebe ndị njem nleta == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sn5h0xank5dkzibd6o97261140z99po 0 76741 655842 2026-06-15T11:51:46Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1034208911|Kotto River]]" 655842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kotto River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Central African Republic | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Central African Republic]] | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture | subdivision_name2 = [[Haute-Kotto]], [[Basse-Kotto]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = 882 km | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[Kembe]] | discharge1_min = 77 m³/s<ref name='GRDC'>[https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1749480.html GRDC station information for Kembe]</ref> | discharge1_avg = 447 m³/s<ref name='GRDC' /> | discharge1_max = 1460 m³/s<ref name='GRDC' /> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->| source1 = Mount Toussoro, [[Bongo Massif]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = Ubangi River | mouth_location = near [[Mobaye]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|4.2314|22.0378|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = [[Ubangi River]]→ [[Congo River]]→ [[Atlantic Ocean]] | river_system = [[Congo River]] | basin_size = 78400 km²<ref name='GRDC' /> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Kawadjia, Pipi, [[Ndji River|Ndji]], Boungou | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Osimiri Kotto''' (ma ọ bụ '''Osimiri Koto''') bụ isi iyi nke Osimiri Oubangui na [[Central African Republic]] . Isi iyi ya dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke Bongo Massif, dị nso na Ugwu Toussoro n'ókèala Central African Republic na Sudan. Ọ na-asọkarị n'ebe ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo ndịda-ọdịda anyanwụ maka kilomita 640 (mile 400) gafere Bria, na-esonyere Osimiri Ubangi dị kilomita 100 (mile 60) n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Mobaye. Osimiri ahụ kewara Tondou Massif na Mongos n'ebe ugwu. E nwere ọtụtụ rapids n'okporo ụzọ ya.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kotto-River|publisher=britannica.com|title=Kotto River &#124; river, north-central Africa &#124; Britannica.com|accessdate=2017-03-26}}</ref> Osimiri Kotto na-enye aha ya na abụọ n'ime mpaghara iri na isii nke Central African Republic, Haute-Kotto na Basse-Kotto.<gallery mode="packed" caption="Historical views"> Faịlụ:Canot_à_vapeur_dans_la_Kotto.jpg|Ụgbọ mmiri steam na Kotto. Faịlụ:Traversée_de_la_Boungou,_Hte-Kotto.jpg|Ịgafe Boungou, otu akụkụ aka nri. </gallery> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] n0xto093h7pnkxdioyi1cbr5aldlzc0 0 76742 655843 2026-06-15T11:54:46Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352214811|Tamanrasset River]]" 655843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Figure_1._Tamanrasset_River._Hydrological_context_of_Africa.jpg|alt=Figure 1. Tamanrasset River. Hydrological context of Africa|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|400x400px|Nchịkọta nke isi ụzọ nke Tamanrasset tinyere Naịl na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a, Senegal, [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger]], Sanaga na Congo.]] '''Osimiri Tamanrasset''' bụ nnukwu arụsị e kwenyere na ọ gafere West Africa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka afọ 5000 gara aga n'oge mmiri ozuzo nke Africa. A na-eche na ọdọ mmiri nke Osimiri Tamanrasset nwere ike iji ya tụnyere ọdọ mmiri nke osimiri Ganges-Brahmaputra nke oge a n'Eshia. == Ụtụ isi == Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ: * Oued Saoura * Oued Namous Akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ: * Oued Tamanrasset == Nchịkọta == A na-eche na Tamanrasset si n'ebe ndịda Ugwu Atlas na Ugwu Hoggar dị n'ebe a na-akpọ Algeria ugbua gafee Sahara n'oge ochie. A na-eche na osimiri ahụ na-abanye na Cap Timiris Canyon, nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke [[Mauritania]]; ndagwurugwu ahụ dị na mmiri dị kilomita atọ n'omimi ma dị kilomita 2.5 n'obosara n'ebe ụfọdụ. A na-eche na ọnụnọ nke osimiri ahụ nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na njem mmadụ si Central Africa gaa Middle East, Europe, na Asia. Na mbụ, a kwenyere na ọzara Sahara na-adịghị mma mere ka ụzọ ọdịda anyanwụ maka ịkwaga Europe ghara ịdị irè. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwenyere na osimiri oge ochie ahụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'oge African Humid Period, mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mgbanwe nke ụwa kpatara. A chọpụtara palaeoriver site na iji usoro satellite nke Japan a na-akpọ Phased Array ụdị L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR). N'iji mmetụta microwave, PALSAR nwere ike ịhụ n'okpuru ájá Sahara ma chọpụta mmiri fossil ka dị. A chọpụtala na Tamanrasset nwere ike ịbụ ebe mmepeanya oge ochie nke Sahara dabere naanị na ntụnyere ya na usoro osimiri ndị yiri ya na mmepeanya ha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Choudhury|first=Sajjad|date=Aug 15, 2021|title=The Mysterious People That Lived in the Green Sahara|url=https://historyofyesterday.com/the-mysterious-people-that-lived-in-the-green-sahara-f993fe30a9d9|accessdate=August 8, 2022|work=History of Yesterday}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwadoro ịdị adị na ọnọdụ nke Osimiri Tamanrasset n'afọ 2015, ọ bụ ezie na njem na-achọ mmanụ chọtara Cap Timiris Canyon n'afọ 2003 nke nwere ike ịbụ site na mmiri dị ọcha nke usoro osimiri a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wynn|first=R. B.|date=June 3, 2011|title=CapTimiris Canyon: A newly discovered channel system offshore of Mauritania|journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union|volume=85|issue=42|doi=10.1029/2004EO420001}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị ihe akaebe dị maka mmepeanya ọ bụla ma ọ bụ obodo ọrụ ugbo nke malitere n'oge osimiri ahụ dị. == Hụkwa == * Ndagwurugwu Arak * Oge mmiri ozuzo n'Afrịka == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|40em|refs=<ref name="CSM">{{cite web |last1=Botkin-Kowacki |first1=E. |title=Rivers may have once criss-crossed the Sahara, say scientists |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1112/Rivers-may-have-once-criss-crossed-the-Sahara-say-scientists |website=csmonitor.com |publisher=Christian Science Monitor |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181107133538/https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1112/Rivers-may-have-once-criss-crossed-the-Sahara-say-scientists |archive-date=7 November 2018 |date=12 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="HartCoulthard2013">{{cite journal|last1=Hart|first1=John P.|last2=Coulthard|first2=Tom J.|last3=Ramirez|first3=Jorge A.|last4=Barton|first4=Nick|last5=Rogerson|first5=Mike|last6=Brücher|first6=Tim|title=Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=9|year=2013|article-number=e74834|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0074834|pmid=24040347|pmc=3770569|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/151156471.pdf|bibcode=2013PLoSO...874834C|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="KrastelHanebuth2004">{{cite journal|last1=Krastel|first1=S.|last2=Hanebuth|first2=T. J. J.|last3=Antobreh|first3=A. A.|last4=Henrich|first4=R.|last5=Holz|first5=C.|last6=Kölling|first6=M.|last7=Schulz|first7=H. D.|last8=Wien|first8=K.|last9=Wynn|first9=R. B.|title=CapTimiris Canyon: A newly discovered channel system offshore of Mauritania|journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union|volume=85|issue=42|year=2004|page=417|issn=0096-3941|doi=10.1029/2004EO420001|bibcode=2004EOSTr..85..417K|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last1=Sample |first1=I. |title=Ancient river network discovered buried under Saharan sand |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/10/ancient-river-network-discoverd-buried-under-saharan-sand |work=The Guardian |date=10 Nov 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151113001253/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/10/ancient-river-network-discoverd-buried-under-saharan-sand |archive-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Gizmodo">{{cite web |last1=Stone |first1=M. |title=A Vast River Network Once Crisscrossed the Sahara |url=https://gizmodo.com/a-vast-river-network-once-crisscrossed-the-sahara-1741984951 |website=gizmodo.com |publisher=Gizmodo |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111221526/http://gizmodo.com/a-vast-river-network-once-crisscrossed-the-sahara-1741984951 |archive-date=11 November 2015 |date=11 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Vice">{{cite web |last1=Ferreira |first1=B. |title=There's a Long-Lost 'Paleo-River' Beneath the Sahara Desert Nobody Knew Existed |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/theres-a-long-lost-paleo-river-beneath-the-sahara-desert-nobody-knew-existed/ |website=motherboard.vice.com |publisher=Vice Media |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181107093009/https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkjd95/theres-a-long-lost-paleo-river-beneath-the-sahara-desert-nobody-knew-existed |archive-date=7 November 2018 |url-status=live |date=10 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Condé Nast">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=S. K. |title=Beneath the Saharan sands, a river valley |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/11/beneath-the-saharan-sands-a-river-valley/ |website=arstechnica.com |publisher=Condé Nast |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111134149/http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/11/beneath-the-saharan-sands-a-river-valley/ |archive-date=11 November 2015 |date=10 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="LCHES">{{cite web |last1=Lahr |first1=M. M. |title=Prehistory and Human Evolution in the Sahara |url=http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/resources_prehis_1.html |website=human-evol.cam.ac.uk |publisher=Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181106230312/http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/resources_prehis_1.html |archive-date=6 November 2018 |date=2011}}</ref> <ref name="Klokočník2017">{{cite journal|last1=Klokočník|first1=Jaroslav|last2=Kostelecký|first2=Jan|last3=Cílek|first3=Václav|last4=Bezděk|first4=Aleš|last5=Pešek|first5=Ivan|title=A support for the existence of paleolakes and paleorivers buried under Saharan sand by means of "gravitational signal" from EIGEN 6C4|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences|volume=10|issue=9|year=2017|issn=1866-7511|doi=10.1007/s12517-017-2962-8|s2cid=132812529|url=http://www.asu.cas.cz/~jklokocn/AJG_2017_Sahara.pdf|ref={{harvid|Klokočník et al.|2017}} }}</ref> <ref name="Skonieczny2015">{{cite journal|last1=Skonieczny|first1=C.|last2=Paillou|first2=P.|last3=Bory|first3=A.|last4=Bayon|first4=G.|last5=Biscara|first5=L.|last6=Crosta|first6=X.|last7=Eynaud|first7=F.|last8=Malaizé|first8=B.|last9=Revel|first9=M.|last10=Aleman|first10=N.|last11=Barusseau|first11=J. -P.|last12=Vernet|first12=R.|last13=Lopez|first13=S.|last14=Grousset|first14=F.|title=African humid periods triggered the reactivation of a large river system in Western Sahara|journal=Nature Communications|volume=6|issue=1|page=8751|year=2015|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/ncomms9751|pmid=26556052|bibcode=2015NatCo...6E8751S|ref={{harvid|Skonieczny et al.|2015}} |pmc=4659928}}</ref> <ref name="Lahr2010">{{cite book |last1=Lahr |first1=M. M. |editor1-last=Fleagle |editor1-first=J. G. |editor2-last=Shea |editor2-first=J. J. |editor3-last=Grine |editor3-first=F. E. |editor4-last=Baden |editor4-first=A. L. |editor5-last=Leakey |editor5-first=R. E. |title=Out of Africa: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia |date=2010 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-90-481-9035-5 |chapter-url=http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/pdf/evol_geogra_hum_disp/lahr_2010_out_of_africa_1_bk_chapter.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329015602/http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/pdf/evol_geogra_hum_disp/lahr_2010_out_of_africa_1_bk_chapter.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2016 |chapter=Saharan Corridors and Their Role in the Evolutionary Geography|oclc=939066131|lccn=2010932000}}</ref>}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  0nx11zdxwz9q03f0xozre23xm92y19f 655844 655843 2026-06-15T11:55:56Z NiferO 20385 655844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Figure_1._Tamanrasset_River._Hydrological_context_of_Africa.jpg|alt=Figure 1. Tamanrasset River. Hydrological context of Africa|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|400x400px|Nchịkọta nke isi ụzọ nke Tamanrasset tinyere Naịl na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a, Senegal, [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger]], Sanaga na Congo.]] '''Osimiri Tamanrasset''' bụ nnukwu arụsị e kwenyere na ọ gafere West Africa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka afọ 5000 gara aga n'oge mmiri ozuzo nke Africa. A na-eche na ọdọ mmiri nke Osimiri Tamanrasset nwere ike iji ya tụnyere ọdọ mmiri nke osimiri Ganges-Brahmaputra nke oge a n'Eshia. == Ụtụ isi == Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ: * Oued Saoura * Oued Namous Akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ: * Oued Tamanrasset == Nchịkọta == A na-eche na Tamanrasset si n'ebe ndịda Ugwu Atlas na Ugwu Hoggar dị n'ebe a na-akpọ Algeria ugbua gafee Sahara n'oge ochie. A na-eche na osimiri ahụ na-abanye na Cap Timiris Canyon, nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke [[Mauritania]]; ndagwurugwu ahụ dị na mmiri dị kilomita atọ n'omimi ma dị kilomita 2.5 n'obosara n'ebe ụfọdụ. A na-eche na ọnụnọ nke osimiri ahụ nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na njem mmadụ si Central Africa gaa Middle East, Europe, na Asia. Na mbụ, a kwenyere na ọzara Sahara na-adịghị mma mere ka ụzọ ọdịda anyanwụ maka ịkwaga Europe ghara ịdị irè. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwenyere na osimiri oge ochie ahụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'oge African Humid Period, mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mgbanwe nke ụwa kpatara. A chọpụtara palaeoriver site na iji usoro satellite nke Japan a na-akpọ Phased Array ụdị L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR). N'iji mmetụta microwave, PALSAR nwere ike ịhụ n'okpuru ájá Sahara ma chọpụta mmiri fossil ka dị. A chọpụtala na Tamanrasset nwere ike ịbụ ebe mmepeanya oge ochie nke Sahara dabere naanị na ntụnyere ya na usoro osimiri ndị yiri ya na mmepeanya ha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Choudhury|first=Sajjad|date=Aug 15, 2021|title=The Mysterious People That Lived in the Green Sahara|url=https://historyofyesterday.com/the-mysterious-people-that-lived-in-the-green-sahara-f993fe30a9d9|accessdate=August 8, 2022|work=History of Yesterday}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwadoro ịdị adị na ọnọdụ nke Osimiri Tamanrasset n'afọ 2015, ọ bụ ezie na njem na-achọ mmanụ chọtara Cap Timiris Canyon n'afọ 2003 nke nwere ike ịbụ site na mmiri dị ọcha nke usoro osimiri a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wynn|first=R. B.|date=June 3, 2011|title=CapTimiris Canyon: A newly discovered channel system offshore of Mauritania|journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union|volume=85|issue=42|doi=10.1029/2004EO420001}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị ihe akaebe dị maka mmepeanya ọ bụla ma ọ bụ obodo ọrụ ugbo nke malitere n'oge osimiri ahụ dị. == Hụkwa == * Ndagwurugwu Arak * Oge mmiri ozuzo n'Afrịka == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|40em|refs=<ref name="CSM">{{cite web |last1=Botkin-Kowacki |first1=E. |title=Rivers may have once criss-crossed the Sahara, say scientists |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1112/Rivers-may-have-once-criss-crossed-the-Sahara-say-scientists |website=csmonitor.com |publisher=Christian Science Monitor |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181107133538/https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1112/Rivers-may-have-once-criss-crossed-the-Sahara-say-scientists |archive-date=7 November 2018 |date=12 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="HartCoulthard2013">{{cite journal|last1=Hart|first1=John P.|last2=Coulthard|first2=Tom J.|last3=Ramirez|first3=Jorge A.|last4=Barton|first4=Nick|last5=Rogerson|first5=Mike|last6=Brücher|first6=Tim|title=Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=9|year=2013|article-number=e74834|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0074834|pmid=24040347|pmc=3770569|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/151156471.pdf|bibcode=2013PLoSO...874834C|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="KrastelHanebuth2004">{{cite journal|last1=Krastel|first1=S.|last2=Hanebuth|first2=T. J. J.|last3=Antobreh|first3=A. A.|last4=Henrich|first4=R.|last5=Holz|first5=C.|last6=Kölling|first6=M.|last7=Schulz|first7=H. D.|last8=Wien|first8=K.|last9=Wynn|first9=R. B.|title=CapTimiris Canyon: A newly discovered channel system offshore of Mauritania|journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union|volume=85|issue=42|year=2004|page=417|issn=0096-3941|doi=10.1029/2004EO420001|bibcode=2004EOSTr..85..417K|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last1=Sample |first1=I. |title=Ancient river network discovered buried under Saharan sand |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/10/ancient-river-network-discoverd-buried-under-saharan-sand |work=The Guardian |date=10 Nov 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151113001253/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/10/ancient-river-network-discoverd-buried-under-saharan-sand |archive-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Gizmodo">{{cite web |last1=Stone |first1=M. |title=A Vast River Network Once Crisscrossed the Sahara |url=https://gizmodo.com/a-vast-river-network-once-crisscrossed-the-sahara-1741984951 |website=gizmodo.com |publisher=Gizmodo |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111221526/http://gizmodo.com/a-vast-river-network-once-crisscrossed-the-sahara-1741984951 |archive-date=11 November 2015 |date=11 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Vice">{{cite web |last1=Ferreira |first1=B. |title=There's a Long-Lost 'Paleo-River' Beneath the Sahara Desert Nobody Knew Existed |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/theres-a-long-lost-paleo-river-beneath-the-sahara-desert-nobody-knew-existed/ |website=motherboard.vice.com |publisher=Vice Media |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181107093009/https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkjd95/theres-a-long-lost-paleo-river-beneath-the-sahara-desert-nobody-knew-existed |archive-date=7 November 2018 |url-status=live |date=10 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Condé Nast">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=S. K. |title=Beneath the Saharan sands, a river valley |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/11/beneath-the-saharan-sands-a-river-valley/ |website=arstechnica.com |publisher=Condé Nast |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111134149/http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/11/beneath-the-saharan-sands-a-river-valley/ |archive-date=11 November 2015 |date=10 Nov 2015}}</ref> <ref name="LCHES">{{cite web |last1=Lahr |first1=M. M. |title=Prehistory and Human Evolution in the Sahara |url=http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/resources_prehis_1.html |website=human-evol.cam.ac.uk |publisher=Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181106230312/http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/resources_prehis_1.html |archive-date=6 November 2018 |date=2011}}</ref> <ref name="Klokočník2017">{{cite journal|last1=Klokočník|first1=Jaroslav|last2=Kostelecký|first2=Jan|last3=Cílek|first3=Václav|last4=Bezděk|first4=Aleš|last5=Pešek|first5=Ivan|title=A support for the existence of paleolakes and paleorivers buried under Saharan sand by means of "gravitational signal" from EIGEN 6C4|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences|volume=10|issue=9|year=2017|issn=1866-7511|doi=10.1007/s12517-017-2962-8|s2cid=132812529|url=http://www.asu.cas.cz/~jklokocn/AJG_2017_Sahara.pdf|ref={{harvid|Klokočník et al.|2017}} }}</ref> <ref name="Skonieczny2015">{{cite journal|last1=Skonieczny|first1=C.|last2=Paillou|first2=P.|last3=Bory|first3=A.|last4=Bayon|first4=G.|last5=Biscara|first5=L.|last6=Crosta|first6=X.|last7=Eynaud|first7=F.|last8=Malaizé|first8=B.|last9=Revel|first9=M.|last10=Aleman|first10=N.|last11=Barusseau|first11=J. -P.|last12=Vernet|first12=R.|last13=Lopez|first13=S.|last14=Grousset|first14=F.|title=African humid periods triggered the reactivation of a large river system in Western Sahara|journal=Nature Communications|volume=6|issue=1|page=8751|year=2015|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/ncomms9751|pmid=26556052|bibcode=2015NatCo...6E8751S|ref={{harvid|Skonieczny et al.|2015}} |pmc=4659928}}</ref> <ref name="Lahr2010">{{cite book |last1=Lahr |first1=M. M. |editor1-last=Fleagle |editor1-first=J. G. |editor2-last=Shea |editor2-first=J. J. |editor3-last=Grine |editor3-first=F. E. |editor4-last=Baden |editor4-first=A. L. |editor5-last=Leakey |editor5-first=R. E. |title=Out of Africa: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia |date=2010 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-90-481-9035-5 |chapter-url=http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/pdf/evol_geogra_hum_disp/lahr_2010_out_of_africa_1_bk_chapter.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329015602/http://www.human-evol.cam.ac.uk/desertpasts/pdf/evol_geogra_hum_disp/lahr_2010_out_of_africa_1_bk_chapter.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2016 |chapter=Saharan Corridors and Their Role in the Evolutionary Geography|oclc=939066131|lccn=2010932000}}</ref>}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  1w1hn1tisc4cr4rnz3tj9wdm9yfir0q