Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 1 8880 655927 645455 2026-06-16T19:46:52Z Wikipedian12512 61424 /* New featured article */ Zaghachi 655927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''This is a place for discussing the main page.''' For general discussions go to [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako]]. == Main page change == Hi, The main page here is quite broken. It is full of red links. It is even more broken on mobile phones, and shows almost nothing. The current code of the main page is too complicated and too hard to edit. I recommend starting from scratch: Deleting everything and putting something very simple instead. Later it can be made more complex and designed, but in the beginning it should at least be usable. Here's a very simple suggestion for a first version to begin from: [[Ọbanife:Amire80/mp]]. If no-one objects, I'll replace the current page with this next week. If anyone has better proposals, I'll be happy to hear them. Tagging active users: [[Ọbanife:Abuchi Chinedu Ojiaku]], [[Ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba]], [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious]], [[Ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba]], [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo]], [[Ọbanife:Ngozianaza]], [[Ọbanife:Ukabia]]. Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|talk]]) 07:03, 7 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], :The proposed simple fix is okay. :I removed some of the diacritics as they are not used for those particular words in Igbo language. :Thank you for this proposal. :Regards, :[[Ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba]] :([[Okwu ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba|talk]]) ::Thank you so much! --[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|talk]]) 09:06, 7 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) :Hi [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], :The proposed simple fix is okay. :Thank you for this :Regards, :[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious]] :([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|talk]]) I'm English please == Wikipedia or Wikipidia == Hi, What is the right name for Wikipedia in Igbo? The logo at the top says "Wikipedia", but the main page says "Wikipidia", and there is also the article [[Wikipidia]]. So what is correct? It should be consistent everywhere. Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|talk]]) 07:50, 7 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], :The correct one is ”Wikipidia". :Regards, ::Hello[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], ::Its Wikipidia. ::Thanks ::Hello[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], ::The correct should be Wikipidia ::Daalụ(Thanks) :[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo]] == Hip hop song == Juice bae decide to release his new song "title" dream juice prove that yesterday in his Twitter account juice while a lot of people eager to listen it. [[Ọbanife:Ramadan bin|Ramadan bin]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Ramadan bin|kwuo]]) 13:13, 23 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC) == Ihu mbụ == Asụpetaghị okwu a bụ ihu m bụ. O tosịr.i ịbụ Ihu mbụ. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|kwuo]]) 11:40, 11 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|kwuo]]Nke a bụ eziokwu. [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 31 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) == NCPUG TheWikiVibrance International Youth Day 2022 (Audio and Photography) == We are delighted to inform you the Nigerian Commons Photographers User Group NCPUG will be participating in the programs of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/NCPUG_WikiBrance_International_Youth_Day_2022_(ID:_21913535)%7CWikiVibrance International Youth Day 2022], to bring you and the youth to the International Youth Day Campaign. Which is to be lunch at Wikimania August 2022 and other events afterwards, if intrested leave me message or a comment.[[User:Anass-koko|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Anass-koko</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Anasskoko|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 00:44, 12 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC) [[Òtù:Ihu mbụ]] [[Òtù:Édémédé egosipụtara]] == New featured article == Hello. I am currently working on translating an article (https://en.wikiipedia.org/wiki/Alhambra) into Igbo. It is a relatively large and well sourced article, and when it is done, it might be good enough to go into the featured article area (assuming that it is checked over enough to make sure it's fine). I've translated some already, (see [[Alhambra]]), but my grammar might not be perfect so I'd appreciate another person to check that (I'm a native English speaker). I would look forward to feedback. Best regards, [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 00:35, 26 Mee 2026 (UTC) :(Because the recent changes are so few, I'll ping someone: :@[[Ojiarụ:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]]) [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 00:37, 26 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:Ramadan bin|Ramadan bin]] [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 13:29, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) :I would expect to get (enough) done in about a month, maybe more, maybe less. In a bit after a month, I won't be using this account for a while, in which case it'll need to wait for September. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 00:40, 26 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::Hi @Wikipedian12512(alt), thank you for your support; I'm happy to go through the grammar and make corrections where necessary. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 17:31, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks! I think I've gotten into the flow of translating, and I think I'll probably finish sooner. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 18:09, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::::And I'm sure I made enough mistakes to make you shudder, so thanks. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 18:10, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) :@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]]: :Maybe a DYK on [[Oyiyi nke Zeus na Olympia]]? I don’t trust myself with a main page translation, so here’s the English version of a possible DYK: :…That all we know about the details of the [[Oyiyi nke Zeus na Olympia]] come from Greek coins? [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 02:10, 31 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::Also, I have a few small issues with the formatting of the Main Page. Is it possible for me to fix those without being an admin? [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 02:12, 31 Mee 2026 (UTC) :I've got 78 paragraphs left to go, I started with somewhere around 200. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 16:18, 31 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]]: Done with it. Could you look over the grammar? Thanks! [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 19:46, 16 Jụn 2026 (UTC) == "Did you know..."s == I'll use this as a place to discuss potential DYKs. Here are some English versions of potential hooks (I'll leave the translation to someone else. I don't trust myself): ...That all we know about the details of the [[Oyiyi nke Zeus na Olympia]] come from Greek coins? ...That in the Netherlands, people use [[Polder|Polders]] to turn oceans into farmland? ...That "the [[Alhambra]]," when translated into Arabic, literally reads "the the red one"? People can feel free to add their own. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 15:27, 1 Jụn 2026 (UTC) qaul7xqajydo2lbxuq9ka9jzfvsqu0s 0 11538 655961 211626 2026-06-17T03:34:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Mowalola Ogunlesi''' (amuru Maachị 25, 1995) bu onye ejiji Naijiri na onye ọbụ abụ na-aru oru ma biri na [[London]] . A maara ya maka iji ụdị akwa dị iche iche dị ka akpụkpọ anụ na PVC rụọ ọrụ iji mepụta silhouette di-iche sitere na mkpali nke ndị ntorobịa Naijiria na London. <ref name="ssense">{{Cite web|author=SSENSE|date=2019-01-30|title=Total Exposure With Mowalola Ogunlesi|url=https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/total-exposure-with-mowalola-ogunlesi|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=ssense|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Ogunlesi nye ndị na-emepụta ejiji Naijiria abụọ, nne ya bụ ọkachamara na uwe ụmụaka na nna ya na-arụ ọrụ n'uwe ejiji omenala Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|author=de Pressigny|first=Clementine|title=mowalola: the nigerian designer setting london on fire with her sductive fashion|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/bjezva/mowalola-nigerian-designer-joyce-sze-ng|work=i-D Magazine|accessdate=2022-02-22|archivedate=2022-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222125149/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/bjezva/mowalola-nigerian-designer-joyce-sze-ng}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Ogunlesi si Naijiria kwaga ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ n’ime ime obodo Surrey . Ogunlesi nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Ejiji na Central Saint Martins - Mahadum nke Arts London, na-agbapụta mkpokọta na Ngụsị Akwụkwọ Mgbasa Ozi na 2017. Ọ debanyere aha na mmemme Master of Arts na Central Saint Martins n'afọ ahụ mana ọ hapụrụ ya na afo 2018 iji nweta nnwere onwe okike karịa n'ọrụ ya. <ref name="ssense"/> == Ọrụ na Njirimara == Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Central Saint Martins, Ogunlesi tinyere akwụkwọ na mmemme nkuzi na nkwado Ejiji East . Mpụta mbu izu ya nke London 2019 mere na ogbo Ejiji East. <ref name="ssense"/> Enyochara Ogunlesi na Septemba 2019 mgbe a hụrụ Naomi Campbell ka o yi uwe Mowalola nwere ihe ọnya ọnya. A kọwara uwe ahụ dị ka nkwupụta na ime ihe ike egbe, mana na Instagram Ogunlesi mere ka uwe ahụ doo anya iji gosipụta echiche nke ịbụ onye na-eje ije a na ele anya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dazed|date=2019-09-22|title=Naomi Campbell and Mowalola comment on that bullet hole dress|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/46144/1/naomi-campbell-and-mowalola-comment-on-that-bullet-hole-dress|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=Dazed|language=en}}</ref> Ogunlesi adọtala uche ndị na eme ihe egwuregwu dị ka Drake, Solange, Steve Lacy, Kelela na [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] .  N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ''Elle'' kpọrọ Ogunlesi dị ka otu n'ime "Ụmụ nwanyị iri Na-agbanwe Ọdịnihu Ị Kwesịrị Ịmara", ndị ọzọ bụ: Tobi Kyeremateng, [[Ngozi Onwurah]], Simi Lindgren, Balanda Atis, Magdalene Abraha, Koffee, Holly Fischer, Celeste na Margaret Busby . N'afọ 2019, o mepụtara uwe maka ngosi egwu Skepta's " Pure Water " ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị nrụpụta isii nke British Vogue bịakwutere ka ha mee ụdị bebi Barbie maka ncheta afọ 60 nke ika ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adegoke|first=Yomi|title=Subverting stereotypes with Mowalola|url=https://theface.com/style/mowalolas-world|work=The Face|accessdate=2022-02-22|archivedate=2022-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222125148/https://theface.com/style/mowalolas-world}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Deisgner, Mowalola Ogunlesi, Styles Iconic Barbie Doll {{!}} Independent Newspapers Nigeria|url=https://www.independent.ng/nigerian-deisgner-mowalola-ogunlesi-styles-iconic-barbie-doll/|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=www.independent.ng}}</ref> N'ọnwa June, n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na isii, n'afọ 2020 ekwuputala mmekorita afọ iri nke [[Kanyé West|Yeezy]] GAP, nke West họpụtara Mowalola ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi Nhazi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kanye West Taps Nigerian-British Designer Mowalola Ogunlesi as Design Director of Yeezy Gap|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2020/06/kanye-west-taps-mowalola-ogunlesi-design-director-yeezy-gap|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=Complex|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028120828/https://www.complex.com/style/2020/06/kanye-west-taps-mowalola-ogunlesi-design-director-yeezy-gap}}</ref> Ogunlesi wepụtara egwu otu aha ka Mowalola. N'afọ 2021, ọ wepụtara abụ abụọ, "Truck" na "Wawa". E mechara gosi ya na "Banana Clip" nke Namasenda guru nanị ya. == Edemsịbia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] r2wuxubfyg8tn5uf0h49rxrmh1hoa2g 0 12492 655905 638711 2026-06-16T12:35:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Mamie Phipps Clark''' (Eprel 18, 1917 - Ọgọst 11, 1983) bụ ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ nke Africa-American bụ onye, ya na di ya Kenneth Clark, lekwasịrị anya na mmepe nke ịma onwe onye na ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ojii. Clark mụrụ ma zụlite na Hot Springs, [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-health/psychologists/clark.aspx|title=Featured Psychologists: Mamie Phipps Clark, PhD, and Kenneth Clark, PhD|work=apa.org|accessdate=2016-06-07}}</ref> Clark nwetara agụmakwụkwọ post-secondary ya na Mahadum Howard, wee nweta nzere bachelọ na nna ukwu ya ebe ahụ. Maka akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya ukwu, nke a maara dị ka "The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children," Clark na-arụ ọrụ na nwa Arkansas ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.feministvoices.com/mamie-phipps-clark/|title=Mamie Phipps Clark|author=Karera|first=Axelle|work=[[Psychology's Feminist Voices]]|accessdate=2016-06-07|archivedate=2020-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218183638/http://www.feministvoices.com/mamie-phipps-clark/}}</ref> Ọrụ a gụnyere nnwale nwa bebi nke nyochara etu agwa ụmụ Africa America si ele agbụrụ na njirimara agbụrụ si metụta nkewa. Dị ka ọmụmụ ihe si kwuo, ụmụaka ndị na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na-ahọrọ iji obere bebi na-acha ọcha egwuri egwu karịa nwa bebi ojii. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ''Brown v.'' Ụlọikpe ''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Education'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2938|title=Mamie Katherine Phipps Clark (1917–1983)|work=[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]|accessdate=2016-06-07}}</ref> O mere ka a ghọta mmetụta ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-enwe n'ahụ́ ụmụaka toruru akwụkwọ. Ahụmahụ Clark nwere banyere nkewa mere ka ọ ghọọ onye na-akwado ikike obodo na obodo ya ma na-egbo mkpa ndị ntorobịa. == Ndụ mbido ya == Amụrụ na Eprel 18, 1917, na mmiri ọkụ, Arkansas, Mamie Phipps Clark gara ụlọ akwụkwọ kewapụrụ nke ukwuu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Clark|first=Kenneth|title=The development of consciousness of self and the emergence of racial identification in Negro preschool children|journal=Journal of Social Psychology|date=1939|volume=10|issue=4|pages=591–599|doi=10.1080/00224545.1939.9713394}}</ref> Nna Phipps, Harold H. Phipps, amụrụ na British West Indies, bụ dọkịta a na-akwanyere ùgwù na onye njikwa nke ebe ntụrụndụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/nny/clarkm/profile.html|title=Notable New Yorkers|work=columbia.edu|accessdate=2016-06-07}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Katy Florence Phipps, nne Phipps, bụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ, ọ na-etinyekarị aka n'ọrụ di ya dị ka dibịa. Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta ghọrọ dọkịta ezé. Mamie Phipps Clark kọwara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị dị ka erughi eru n'akụkụ ndị dị mkpa. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ akwụkwọ ya kewapụrụ n'agbụrụ, o kwughachiri azụ na ahụmịhe nkewa nkewa na nkwado ezinụlọ na-akwado, mere ka afọ ojuju ọrụ ya mechaa na ndụ ya. Nne ya adịghị mkpa ịrụ ọrụ iji gbakwunye ego ezinụlọ ya na-akpata. Clark kwuru, sị:<blockquote>“Enwere m nnọọ obi ụtọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata. M mere n'ezie. Obi ruru anyị ala. Kedu ka m ga-esi gwa gị na enwere m obi ụtọ nwata? Ihe niile tọrọ m ụtọ. Ụlọ akwụkwọ masịrị m. Ahụrụ m ụlọ akwụkwọ n'anya. Ntụrụndụ na-atọ m ụtọ. Obere njem anyị mere tọrọ m ụtọ. Obi tọrọ m ezigbo ụtọ. Enweghị m ike ịsị na ọ dara ogbenye, ma ọ bụ - nye m, ọ bụ ihe ùgwù. Maka m. Ugbu a, site n'ụkpụrụ ebumpụta ụwa, a ga m eche na ị ga-asị na ọ bụ naanị otu ezinụlọ. Ma ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ùgwù nwata.” (dị ka ekwuru na Lal, 2002, p.&nbsp;1)</blockquote>Clark gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Langston High School, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka nwa akwụkwọ ojii ime otú ahụ. Ọ nwetara onyinye abụọ na scholarships site na mahadum ndị isi ojii, Fisk University na Mahadum Howard. Ọ debanyere aha na Howard n'afọ 1934. N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-aga mahadum n'oge oké ịda mbà n'obi, nna ya nwere ike iziga ya $50 kwa ọnwa. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics. Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii ịnata akwụkwọ na ngalaba ndị ahụ n'oge ahụ. Na Mahadum Howard, Mamie Phipps Clark zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu, Kenneth Bancroft Clark, onye bụ nwa akwụkwọ akara ugo mmụta na nkà mmụta uche. Ọ bụ Kenneth Clark gbara ya ume ịchụso akparamaagwa n'ihi na ọ ga-enye ya ohere ịchọpụta mmasị ya na ụmụaka na-arụkọ ọrụ. Phipps kwuru otu oge "M na-enwe mmasị mgbe niile n'ebe ụmụaka nọ. Site na mgbe m dị obere. M na-eche mgbe niile na m chọrọ ka mụ na ụmụaka na-arụkọ ọrụ, na nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ yiri ezigbo ubi." <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|author=Clark|first=Kenneth|title=Skin color as a factor in racial identification of Negro preschool children|journal=Journal of Social Psychology|date=1940|volume=10|pages=159–169|doi=10.1080/00224545.1940.9918741}}</ref> Mamie Phipps Clark na Kenneth Bancroft Clark gbagoro n'oge agadi ya n'afọ 1937. N'afọ 1938, Mamie Phipps Clark gụsịrị akwụkwọ magna cum laude na Mahadum Howard. Mgbe ọ debanyere aha ozugbo na mmemme gụsịrị akwụkwọ na akparamaagwa nke Mahadum Howard. Maka akwụkwọ mmụta nna ya ukwu, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mgbe ụmụaka ojii matara na ha nwere “onwe” dị iche, yana mgbe ha matara na ha so n'otu agbụrụ. Ọ kọwara "nsụhọ agbụrụ" dị ka echiche nke onwe onye nke otu otu, nke dị iche na ndị ọzọ site na njirimara anụ ahụ doro anya. Nkwubi okwu ya banyere ụmụaka ndị America America ghọrọ ntọala na ntọala maka ọmụmụ nwa bebi ama ama nke ya na di ya ga-emecha mara nke ọma. <ref name="auto" /> Phipps kwuputara na ọ bụ na njedebe nke afọ agụmakwụkwọ ya ka o mesịrị nwee obi ike banyere ịmepụta ihe ngwọta maka nkewa na mmegbu agbụrụ. N'oge okpomọkụ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Phipps rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke Charles Houston, onye bụ onye ọka iwu a ma ama na onye na-eduzi ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'oge mgbe otu mba Association for the Advancement Colored People na-ewere ego nchekwa iwu nke mba. . N'ebe ahụ, ọ hụrụ ọrụ William Hastie, Thurgood Marshall, na ndị ọzọ na nkwadebe maka ihe ịma aka ụlọ ikpe nke ga-eduga n'afọ 1954 mkpebi dị ịrịba ama ''Brown v.'' ''Board of Education'' . Dị ka o mesịrị kwuo, sị: "Enweghị m ike icheta aha ha nile, ma ha gbakọrọ n'ọfịs ya iji dozie okwu ndị a na nke ahụ bụ ahụmahụ mmụta kachasị mma nke m nwetụrụla- n'ozuzu ya n'ezie, nkwulu, na Ndị isi ojii, e wetara m nke ọma n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ." <ref name="auto" /> Nke a nwere mmetụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya ukwu, "The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children," nke ga-emesị bụrụ maka nyocha na nyocha nke metụtara Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, ''Brown v.'' ''Board of Education'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/mamiephippsclark.htm|title=Mamie Phipps Clark|work=faculty.webster.edu|accessdate=2016-06-07|archivedate=2024-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804233707/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/mamiephippsclark.htm}}</ref>  Clark bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ nwetara Ph.D. na nnwale akparamaagwa, nke o mere n'afọ 1943 si Columbia University. Ọ laghachiri na ndụ nwata akwụkwọ nwere echiche doro anya na nke nwere nchekwube na enwere ike iji "ụzọ a na-ahụ anya" mee ka nyocha ya na nchọpụta ya gbasara ụmụaka ndị America America. Onye ndụmọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Phipps Clark bụ Henry E. Garrett, onye mechara bụrụ onye isi oche nke American Psychological Association. Achọpụtara ya dị ka onye ọnụ ọgụgụ pụrụ iche mana ọ bụkwa onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ mepere emepe. Ka oge na-aga n'ọrụ ya, a gwara ya ka ọ gbaa akaebe na Prince Edward County, Virginia, ikpe mwepu ka ọ gbaghaa akaebe ya e nyere n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ iji kwado ndịiche agbụrụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ nwetara nnukwu nkụda mmụọ n'ọrụ-amamihe. O kwuru na nke a bụ "nhụsianya a na-achọghị" nke ịbụ nwanyị ojii n'ọhịa nke ndị nwoke ọcha na-achị. Otu ọrụ dị mkpa bụ ọrụ n'afọ 1945 na-eduzi ule nke mmụọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ ojii na-enweghị ebe obibi maka Riverdale Home for Children. N'ebe a, o kere ma mee ule nke uche, yana ndụmọdụ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] na-enweghị ebe obibi na ụmụaka ndị ọzọ dị nta na New York City: "Echere m na Riverdale nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ahụ m, n'ihi na ọ dịghị mgbe m maara na e nwere ọtụtụ ụmụaka ndị nọ na ya. dị nnọọ ka ị maara, ma ọ bụ ndị mụrụ ha ka hapụrụ ha, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya." <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rutherford|first=A|title=Mamie Phipps Clark: Developmental psychologist, starting from strengths.|journal=Portraits of Pioneers in Developmental Psychology|date=2012|issue=In Wade E. Pickren, Donald A. Dewsbury & Michael Wertheimer|pages=261–275}}</ref> Nke a kpalitere ọchịchọ imepe Ebe mmepe ụmụaka Northside. == Ọmụmụ nwa bebi == Ọmụmụ nwa bebi Phipps Clark bụ n'ihu n'ọrụ ọ rụrụ maka tesis nna ya ukwu. Ọ bụ ọrụ Ruth na Gene Horowitz mere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na "ịmapụta onwe" n'ime ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara. Nkà mmụta nna ya ukwu kpalitere mmasị di ya na mpaghara ahụ wee jee ozi dị ka ndabere nke ọrụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ha mechara na mmasị agbụrụ nke ụmụ ojii. Ọ họọrọ ịghara ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'ihi na ọ chere na ọ na-erigbu ya na onye prọfesọ bipụta ya. A kọrọ na ọ gwara di ya na ha ga-emekọ ọnụ. Nnwale ahụ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka ihe akaebe na ịma aka ụlọ ikpe nke butere Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu ''Brown v.'' Mkpebi ''Board of Education'' n'afọ 1954, site n'igosipụta na nkewa kpatara nsogbu uche na ụmụaka. Mamie Phipps Clark emewo nnwale ahụ na di ya, Kenneth, afọ iri na anọ tupu mgbe ahụ. Nchọpụta sitere na ọmụmụ ihe a bụ nchọpụta sayensị mbụ gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe akaebe siri ike na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ụlọikpe. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ jiri obere bebi anọ yiri ya n'ụzọ niile ma e wezụga agba. Enyere ya ụmụaka dị afọ 3–7, na-ajụ ajụjụ iji mata nghọta na mmasị agbụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test|title=Brown at 60: The Doll Test {{!}} NAACP LDF|work=naacpldf.org|accessdate=2016-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913054647/http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test|archivedate=2018-09-13}}</ref> A jụrụ ajụjụ ndị a: Nnwale ahụ gosipụtara mmasị maka nwa bebi na-acha ọcha maka ajụjụ niile ma kwuo na àgwà dị mma na ụmụ bebi na-acha ọcha. Ndị Clarks kwubiri na "ịkpọasị, ịkpa ókè na nkewa" mere ka ụmụ ojii nwee mmetụta nke ịdị ala na ịkpọ onwe ha asị. Phipps Clark kwubiri, "Ọ bụrụ na ọha mmadụ na-ekwu na ọ ka mma ịbụ ndị ọcha ọ bụghị naanị ndị ọcha ma ndị Negroes na-ekwenye na ya. Nwatakịrị nwekwara ike ịgbalị ịgbanahụ ọnyà nke ịdị umeala n’obi site n’ịgọnarị eziokwu nke agbụrụ nke ya.” Nnwale mbụ ahụ dugara ụzọ na nnwale ndị ọzọ Phipps Clark na di ya mere. Phipps Clark gbara ụmụaka narị atọ ajụjụ ọnụ si n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ógbè ahụ ebe ụlọ akwụkwọ kewapụrụ wee chọta otu nsonaazụ ahụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke nnwale nwa bebi ahụ, Phipps Clark nyekwara ụmụaka nkọwa nke otu nwoke na nwa agbọghọ ma gwa ha ka ha na-agbapụta ihe ngosi ahụ otu agba dị ka onwe ha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka ojii na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ edo edo. Mkpebi nke ule nwa bebi na ule nkewa gosipụtara na nkewa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na-emetụta ụmụaka na-adịghị mma. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ jiri nwa bebi yiri ya; naanị ihe dị iche bụ ụda akpụkpọ anụ nwa bebi. == Nnyocha ndị ọzọ == Mamie na di ya duziri ọtụtụ ọmụmụ tupu ha amụ nwa bebi a ma ama. N'afọ 1939, ha mere ọmụmụ ihe iji chọpụta mgbe ịma onwe onye, kpọmkwem agbụrụ agbụrụ na-etolite na ụmụaka ndị America America. Enyere ụmụaka ndị Africa America kewapụrụ onwe ha afọ 3-5 eserese ahịrị eserese nke ụmụ nwoke ọcha na agba, yana eserese ahịrị anụmanụ dị iche iche. A gwaziri ụmụaka ka ha mata foto ha kọwara onwe ha ma ọ bụ onye ha na ha nọ. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ ha gosiri na ụfọdụ ụmụaka dị afọ atọ họọrọ anụmanụ iji kọwaa onwe ha, ebe ụmụaka dị afọ anọ emebeghị. Nke a na-egosi na n'ihe dị ka afọ anọ, ụmụaka na-amalite ịghọta na ha bụ nnọọ mmadụ nke ndị nchọpụta na-atụ aro ịmalite tupu ụmụaka aghọta na ha bụ akụkụ nke ụfọdụ otu ndị mmadụ. Na mgbakwunye, nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara na ụmụaka na-amalite ịmata onwe ha dị ka ndị ọcha ma ọ bụ agba gburugburu otu afọ. Enwere mmụba nke njirimara agba na ụmụaka dị afọ 4 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụaka dị afọ 3, Otú ọ dị, omume a adịghị mkpa n'etiti ụmụaka 4 na 5. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ ekwenyeghị na ụmụaka na-akwụsị ịga n'ihu na mmepe njirimara agbụrụ ha na afọ 5, ma ha tụrụ aro na ụzọ ha si atụ nke a emeghị nke ọma iji weghara mmepe a. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Clark|first=Kenneth and Mamie|title=The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emergence of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children|journal=The Journal of Social Psychology|date=1939|volume=10|issue=4|pages=591–599|doi=10.1080/00224545.1939.9713394}}</ref> Ọrụ Mamie na di ya mere ka ndị na-eme nchọpụta n'ọdịnihu jiri usoro ahụ mee ihe ma gbasaa nyocha nke di na nwunye ahụ. Jensen na Tisak (2020) zoro aka na ọmụmụ Clark wee jiri usoro yiri nke ahụ chọpụta na ndị na-eto eto na-acha ọcha na-ahọrọ ụmụ agbọghọ ọcha na ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha na-ahọrọ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha, gbasaa n'echiche na ụmụaka na-akọwapụta onwe ha, na-agbakwụnye na ụmụaka na-ahọrọ ndị ọzọ dabara adaba. njirimara agbụrụ ha. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jensen and Tisak|first=Cjersti, Maria|title=Precedents of prejudice: race and gender differences in young children's intergroup attitudes|journal=Early Child Development & Care|date=August 2020|volume=190|issue=9|pages=1336–1349|doi=10.1080/03004430.2018.1534845}}</ref> == Ebe Northside maka mmepe ụmụaka == Na February 1946, Mamie Phipps Clark tọrọ ntọala Northside Center for Child Development <ref>{{Cite book|author=Warren|first=Wini|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42072097|title=Black women scientists in the United States|date=1999|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-33603-1|location=Bloomington|pages=34|oclc=42072097}}</ref> na okpuru ulo nke Paul Lawrence Dunbar ụlọ, ebe ezinụlọ ya bi. Ọ bụ nbinye $946 sitere n'aka nna Mamie, Harold Phipps. Nke mbụ akpọrọ Northside Testing and Consultation Center, ọ ghọrọ Northside Center for Child Development n'afọ 1948. Northside bụ ebe izizi na-enye ọgwụgwọ maka ụmụaka nọ na Harlem, yana inye nkwado nye ezinụlọ ndị chọrọ enyemaka ụlọ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ahụkarị n'oge ahụ bụ psychoanalysis. Otú ọ dị, Clarks wepụrụ ịdị irè nke psychoanalysis na ndị bi na etiti na-eje ozi. Ha chere na etiti ahụ kwesịrị inye ndị ahịa ha ihe achọpụtara na ọ na-efu ma họrọ usoro zuru oke karịa. Ebe etiti ahụ mechara gbasaa ọrụ ya iji gụnye ndụmọdụ gbasara mmụọ maka nsogbu omume n'ihi mgbakasị mmetụta uche, ntụzịaka aka ọrụ maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụ ụmụaka maka ndị nne na nna ojii, na nnwale dị iche iche nke mmụọ. Ọrụ taa gụnyere nzigharị ọgụgụ na nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkuzi nri nri, na ọzụzụ nne na nna. Clark nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye nduzi nke Northside ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ afọ 1979. == Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited Project (HARYOU) == Ọ gara n'ihu na-eso di ya na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ, gụnyere Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited project (HARYOU), <ref>{{Cite book|author=Warren|first=Wini|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42072097|title=Black women scientists in the United States|date=1999|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-33603-1|location=Bloomington|pages=35|oclc=42072097}}</ref> iji nye ohere mmụta na ohere ọrụ maka ndị ntorobịa na Harlem. Ewubere ya n'afọ 1962 site n'enyemaka Kenneth Clark na ndị isi obodo ndị ọzọ. HARYOU nyere ọzụzụ mmezi/mgbazigharị maka ndị ntorobịa dara ogbenye bụ ndị na-ada azụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, nye ndị ntorobịa ojii ohere ọrụ, ma kuziere ndị bi ka ha na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-arụkọ ọrụ iji nweta ego na ọrụ. Kenneth Clark tụpụtara ụgbọ ala iji jikọta ụlọ akwụkwọ, mana mkpesa sitere na ndị nne na nna n'akụkụ abụọ gbochiri mpụta. HARYOU mechara jikọta ya na ndị otu obodo Associated dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty. A kpọgharịrị ya HARYOU-ACT. Ntinye aka Clark na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ adịteghị aka n'ihi esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Kenneth Clark bipụtara nkwubi okwu ya na HARYOU n'akwụkwọ akpọrọ Dark Ghetto (1965). == Ndụ onwe == Mamie Phipps na Kenneth Clark lụrụ n'afọ 1937. Mamie Clark kwuru na mmekorita dị n'etiti ya na di ya rụpụtara "ahụmahụ dị nso, ihe ịma aka na nke ọkachamara na-eju afọ." Ndị Clark lụrụ maka afọ 45 ruo mgbe Mamie Clark nwụrụ na August 11, 1983. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na isii, hapụrụ ụmụ abụọ, Kate Harris na Hilton Clark. Clark na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'obodo ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke otu ụlọ ọrụ wuru ụlọ na NYC. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ nke American Broadcasting Companies, Museum of Modern Art, New York Public Library, Mishon society nke New York, The Phelps Stokes Fund, na Ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi na Mahadum Columbia . Na mgbakwunye, o jere ozi na otu ndụmọdụ gụnyere kọmitii atụmatụ isi mmalite nke mba. == Ihe nketa == Ọrụ Clark na mmetụta nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na stereotypes nyere onyinye dị mkpa na ngalaba nke nkà mmụta sayensị mmepe na nkà mmụta uche nke agbụrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ nyocha maka [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha agha na Òtù Ahụ Ike Ọha. Mgbalị ya na njirimara na ùgwù onwe onye nke ndị ojii gbasaara ọrụ na mmepe njirimara. Clark abụghị onye a ma ama dị ka di ya. Achọpụtara na nnabata Phipps Clark na ihe nketa nke ntinye aka ya na ụwa nyocha agụmakwụkwọ ka na-ebelata taa. Dr. Phipps Clark chere ihu ma mgbochi nwoke na nwanyị na nke agbụrụ na ọrụ ya ma nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ n'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka nke intersectionality na mpaghara uche. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cramblet Alvarez|first=Leslie D.|date=2019|title=Psychology’s Hidden Figures: Undergraduate Psychology Majors’ (In)Ability to Recognize Our Diverse Pioneers|url=https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN24.2.84|journal=Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research|volume=24|issue=2|pages=84–96|doi=10.24839/2325-7342.jn24.2.84|issn=2325-7342}}</ref> A chọpụtala na ọ na-agbaso atụmanya ndị nwanyị n'oge ahụ ma na-elezi anya ka ọ "nọgide na ndò nke di ya". Ọ na-egosipụtakarị dị ka onye ihere. Ekelela ya maka inwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọkachamara ma na-edobe afọ ojuju nke ndụ ụlọ na-eju afọ. Ọ natara onyinye nturu ugo Candace maka ọdịmma mmadụ site na National Coalition of 100 Black Women n'afọ 1983. <ref name="page1">{{Cite web|work=National Coalition of 100 Black Women|title=CANDACE AWARD RECIPIENTS 1982-1990, Page 1|url=http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314021634/http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award1.html|archivedate=March 14, 2003}}</ref> Clark nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa cancer na August 11, 1983, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na isii.  == Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ == * Kenneth na Mamie Clark == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} === Edensibia ndị ọzọ === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510094033/http://digital-archives.ccny.cuny.edu/exhibits/Clark/Clark_5.pdf Obodo College nke New York Library. (nd] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510094033/http://digital-archives.ccny.cuny.edu/exhibits/Clark/Clark_5.pdf ).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510094033/http://digital-archives.ccny.cuny.edu/exhibits/Clark/Clark_5.pdf N'ebe ụmụ mmadụ na ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ: Ihe nketa nke Dr. Kenneth B. Clark [Ụmụaka, Ezinụlọ na Northside Center for Child Development: A na-adịgide adịgide Legacy na Harlem] . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510094147/http://digital-archives.ccny.cuny.edu/exhibits/Clark/Clark_6.pdf Obodo College nke New York Library. (nd] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510094147/http://digital-archives.ccny.cuny.edu/exhibits/Clark/Clark_6.pdf ).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510094147/http://digital-archives.ccny.cuny.edu/exhibits/Clark/Clark_6.pdf N'ebe ụmụ mmadụ na ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ: Ihe nketa nke Dr. Kenneth B. Clark [Black mara mma: Ọmụmụ nwa bebi na mmasị agbụrụ na nghọta.] . * [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830905582.html "Clark, Mamie Phipps."] [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830905582.html Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu zuru oke nke akụkọ ndụ sayensị. 2008] * Guthrie, RV (1998). Ọbụna oke ahụ dị ọcha: Echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere akparamaagwa (2nd ed. ) Mmụta Pearson, Oke Saddle River, NJ. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200218183638/http://www.feministvoices.com/mamie-phipps-clark/ Karera, A. (2010).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200218183638/http://www.feministvoices.com/mamie-phipps-clark/ Profaịlụ Mamie Phipps Clark.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200218183638/http://www.feministvoices.com/mamie-phipps-clark/ Na A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia] * * [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/02/nyregion/kenneth-clark-whofought-segregation-dies.html Severo, r. (2005, Mee 2), Kenneth Clark, Onye lụrụ ọgụ nkewa, anwụ] * [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/12/obituaries/mamie-clark-dies-psychologist-aided-blacks.html Smothers, R. (1983, Ọgọst 12), Mamie Clark anwụọ; Ọkachamara gbasara mmụọ nyere ndị isi ojii aka] * [http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test Otu National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Legal Defence and Education Fund, Inc.] [http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test Brown na 60: Nnwale nwa bebi] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1c90mo2os8n1g2mqugx3qtp25tzve3k 0 12714 655959 130730 2026-06-17T02:46:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Moonyeenn Lee''' (February 1944 – 18 Julaị 2020) bụ onye mba South Africa na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye nhazi nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nnọchite nka na onye nrụpụta. O nwetara nhọpụta Primetime Emmy Award maka ọrụ ya na usoro ihe nkiri emepụtara na Hulu a kporo ''The Looming Tower'' nakwa mmeghari nke ''Roots'' e mere n'afọ 2016. Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ South Africa so n'otu Motion Picture na Television Academies . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2016-07-06-moonyeenn-lee-becomes-first-south-african-to-join-the-academy-of-motion-picture-arts-and-sciences/|title=Moonyeenn Lee becomes first South African to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=6 July 2016|accessdate=6 November 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/moonyeenn-lee-dies-following-covid-complications-south-african-casting-director-talent-agent-who-worked-on-blood-diamond-hotel-rwanda-tsotsi-was-76-1202989511/|title=Moonyeenn Lee Dies Following Covid Complications: South African Casting Director & Talent Agent Who Worked On 'Blood Diamond', 'Hotel Rwanda', 'Tsotsi' Was 76|first=Andreas|author=Wiseman|date=20 July 2020|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> Lee hiwere ụlọ ọrụ talent Moonyeenn Lee & Associates (MLA) na 1974 yana Khulisa Productions na 1998. Enyere ya ihe nrite Lionel Ngakane Lifetime Achievement Award na 2017 South African Film and Television Awards . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-sunday-independent/20170305/281676844699779|title=Celebrating works of art in film|date=7 March 2017|accessdate=6 November 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na ndụ onwe == A mụrụ Lee na Johannesburg . Akpọrọ ya aha site na agwa sitere na ihe nkiri 1932 ''Smilin' Site'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-07-19-sas-legendary-casting-queen-moonyeenn-lee-dies-from-covid-19-complications/|title=SA's legendary casting queen Moonyeenn Lee dies from Covid-19 complications|first=Ernest|author=Mabuza|date=19 July 2020|accessdate=6 November 2021}}</ref> Ọ kwagara England, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ, mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa maka ọrụ nne ya Shirley Hepburn dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri ebe nna ya nọrọ na South Africa. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ knitwear na [[London]] mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa. <ref name="n24 scene">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Archives/City-Press/Queen-of-the-casting-scene-20150429|title=Queen of the casting scene|date=23 November 2013|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> Lee na onye na-ere ahịa, Leon Lee lụrụ afọ ise wee gbaa alụkwaghịm na 1974. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere nwa nwoke David na otu nwa nwanyị Cindy. Mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm ya gasịrị, Lee na-achọ ọrụ ọhụrụ. Ọ zụrụ azụ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya James Fraser nke Fraser na Dunlop na England. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefirstgrader-themovie.com/crew/moonyeenn-lee-casting-director.html|title=Moonyeenn Lee (Casting Director)|work=The First Grader|accessdate=6 November 2021|archivedate=6 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106043811/http://www.thefirstgrader-themovie.com/crew/moonyeenn-lee-casting-director.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2016-07-17-oscar-role-for-moonyeenn-lee/|title=Oscar role for Moonyeenn Lee|first=Lin|author=Sampson|date=17 July 2016|accessdate=6 November 2021}}</ref> Lee zụlitere ụmụ ya na Parkmore, ha abụọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ. O mechara biri na Rosebank . <ref name="n24 scene"/> MLA ụlọ ọrụ Lee mara ọkwa na Lee anwụọla mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na isii na Johannesburg maka nsogbu metụtara COVID-19 n'ụtụtụ 18 Julaị 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mlasa.com/2020/11/02/the-passing-of-a-legend/|title=The Passing Of A Legend|work=MLASA|accessdate=5 November 2021|archivedate=6 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106043812/https://mlasa.com/2020/11/02/the-passing-of-a-legend/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/casting-director-moonyeenn-lee-dies-from-coronavirus/5151685.article|title=Casting director Moonyeenn Lee dies from coronavirus|first=Michael|author=Rosser|date=20 July 2020|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, na Minista nka na omenala Nathi Mthethwa kwụrụ ụtụ ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-nathi-mthethwa-passing-casting-director-moonyeenn-lee-19-jul-2020-0000|title=Minister Nathi Mthethwa on the passing of casting director Moonyeenn Lee|work=South African Government|date=19 July 2020|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/global/moonyeenn-lee-legendary-south-african-agent-casting-director-dies-1234710829/|title=Moonyeenn Lee, Legendary South African Agent and Casting Director, Dies at 76|first=Christopher|author=Vourlias|date=20 July 2020|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri ndị o megoro == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Notes |- |1979 |''Game for Vultures'' | |- |1979 |''Plekkie in die son'' | |- |1986 |''Nag van Vrees'' | |- |1987 |''Nukie'' | |- |1987 |''Jane and the Lost City'' | |- |1988 |''An African Dream'' | |- |1988 |''Red Scorpion'' |Produced |- |1988 |''Blind Justice'' | |- |1989 |''Jobman'' |Produced |- |1991 |''Panga'' | |- |1993 |''Friends'' | |- |1997 |''Jump the Gun'' | |- |1998 |''Tarzan and the Lost City'' | |- |1998 |''The Quarry'' | |- |1998 |''The Storekeeper'' |Short film; produced |- |1999 |''A Reasonable Man'' | |- |2000 |''The King Is Alive'' | |- |2001 |''High Explosive'' | |- |2002 |''Promised Land'' |Produced |- |2003 |''The Wooden Camera'' | |- |2004 |''In My Country'' | |- |2004 |''Max and Mona'' | |- |2004 |''Hotel Rwanda'' | |- |2005 |''Tsotsi'' | |- |2006 |''Catch a Fire'' | |- |2006 |''Blood Diamond'' | |- |2007 |''Goodbye Bafana'' | |- |2008 |''Triomf'' |Produced |- |2010 |''Life, Above All'' | |- |2010 |''State of Violence'' | |- |2010 |''The Bang Bang Club'' | |- |2010 |''The First Grader'' | |- |2011 |''How to Steal 2 Million'' | |- |2011 |''Lucky'' | |- |2011 |''Machine Gun Preacher'' | |- |2012 |''Safe House'' | |- |2013 |''Fanie Fourie's Lobola'' | |- |2013 |''Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'' | |- |2013 |''Four Corners'' | |- |2013 |''Cold Harbour'' | |- |2014 |''Faan se trein'' | |- |2014 |''Leading Lady'' | |- |2014 |''Impunity'' | |- |2014 |''The Good Lie'' | |- |2015 |''The Endless River'' | |- |2015 |''Eye in the Sky'' | |- |2016 |''Shepherds and Butchers'' | |- |2016 |''Vaya'' | |- |2017 |''Beyond the River'' | |- |2017 |''The Number'' | |- |2017 |''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' | |- |2019 |''Serenity'' | |- |2019 |''This Is Not a Burial, It's a Resurrection'' | |- |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 1986 | ''Ụlọ Summer'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 1994 | ''Ahịrị'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 1996 | ''N'ime'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 1997 | ''Mandela na de Klerk'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 1998 | ''Nwanyị diamond'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 1998 | ''Na-agba ọsọ Anụ ọhịa'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 1999-2004 | ''Yizo Yizo'' | |- | 2001 | ''Dr Lucille: Akụkọ Lucille Teasdale'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 2002 | ''N'ime Ọzara na Ọzara'' | |- | 2007-2012 | ''Anụ na Obi'' | |- | 2007 | ''Ndụ Dị Anụ ọhịa'' | |- | 2008 | ''Akwuna ekwensu'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- | 2009 | ''Hopeville'' | |- | 2009 | ''Ụlọ ọrụ nchọpụta ụmụ nwanyị nke mbụ'' | |- | 2009 | ''Onye Mkpọrọ'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- | 2011 | ''Leonardo'' | |- | 2012 | ''Fynbos'' | |- | 2012 | ''akwa akwa ruru unyi'' | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- | 2013 | ''Meri na Mata'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 2014 | ''Ala nna'' | Oge 4 |- | 2015 | ''Ndị na-agbanwe egwuregwu'' | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 2016 | ''Cape Town'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- | 2016 | ''Mgbọrọgwụ'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- | 2016 | ''Hooten &amp;amp; Nwanyị'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- | 2017 | ''Madiba'' | Ụlọ ọrụ minseries |- | 2018 | ''Black Panther'' | |- | 2018 | ''Ụlọ elu Looming'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- | 2019 | ''Nwa agbọghọ si St. Agnes'' | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screenafrica.com/2019/03/05/tv-radio/business-tv-radio/in-conversation-with-renowned-casting-director-and-agent-moonyeenn-lee/|title=In conversation with renowned casting director and agent Moonyeenn Lee|first=Kevin|author=Kriedemann|date=5 March 2019|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''dike'' | |- | 2019 | ''Mpaghara Na-ekpo ọkụ'' | |- | 2020 | ''Shaina'' | Ihe nkiri telivishọn; ''ntọhapụ mgbe anwụchara'' |- |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ |- | 2016 | Emmy Awards nke Primetime | Nkedo pụtara ìhè maka usoro nwere oke ma ọ bụ anthology ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri | ''Mgbọrọgwụ'' | {{Nom}} | |- | 2017 | Ihe nrite ihe nkiri na ihe onyonyo South Africa | Dr Lionel Ngakane Award Achievement Award | {{n/a}}| {{Won}} | |- | 2018 | Emmy Awards nke Primetime | Nkedo pụtara ìhè maka usoro nwere oke ma ọ bụ anthology ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri | ''Ụlọ elu Looming''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/moonyeenn-lee|title=Moonyeenn Lee - Emmy Awards, Nominations and Wins|work=Emmys|accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref> |- |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0497922}} * [https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=11110 Moonyeenn Lee] na TVSA rzqt47h987brefkumnnf8ndok8ec24q 0 12728 655962 147157 2026-06-17T03:43:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nompumelelo Thembekile Madisa''' (amụrụ 1980), nke a maara dị ka '''Mpumi Madisa''', bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego South Africa. Na 8 Maachị 2019, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Bidvest Group, ọ bụkwa nwanyị ojii mbụ na nwanyị Africa ka ahọpụtara onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ so n'ụlọ ọrụ iri anọ dị elu Johannesburg Stock Exchange, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-mpumi-madisa-bidvest-ceo/|title=Mpumi Madisa officially appointed as Bidvest's first female CEO|date=2019-03-08|work=The South African|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-06|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106060305/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-mpumi-madisa-bidvest-ceo/}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://city-press.news24.com/Business/mpumi-madisa-breaking-bidvests-glass-ceiling-20190503|title=Mpumi Madisa: Breaking Bidvest’s glass ceiling|author=Malope|first=Lesetja|date=2019-05-03|work=CityPress|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/companies/industrials/2019-03-04-bidvest-says-mpumi-madisa-will-be-its-next-ceo/|title=Bidvest says Mpumi Madisa will be its next CEO|work=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2019-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/article/2019/05/16/how-mpumi-madisa-scored-top-job-at-bidvest/|title=How Mpumi Madisa scored top job at Bidvest|author=Africa|first=CNBC|date=2019-05-16|work=CNBC Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-06|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106060303/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/article/2019/05/16/how-mpumi-madisa-scored-top-job-at-bidvest/}}</ref> nke a hụrụ dika ọ na-egosi ọganihu na mgbanwe ọhụụ gbasara nwoke na nwanyị n'azụmahịa na South Africa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbeswomanafrica.com/entrepreneurs/2019/07/23/i-dont-do-suave/|title=‘I Don’t Do Suave’|author=Africa|first=Forbes|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-06|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106062641/https://www.forbeswomanafrica.com/entrepreneurs/2019/07/23/i-dont-do-suave/}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-congratulates-incoming-bidvest%E2%80%99s-ceo-mpumi-madisa|title=President congratulates incoming Bidvest’s CEO Mpumi Madisa|author=|first=|date=2019-03-08|work=South Africa Government|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106064623/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-congratulates-incoming-bidvest%25E2%2580%2599s-ceo-mpumi-madisa|archivedate=2019-11-06|accessdate=2019-11-06}}</ref> <ref name="exec">{{Cite web|title=Executive Directors|url=https://www.bidvest.co.za/executive-directors.php|publisher=Bidvest|accessdate=6 November 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Madisa na Mohlakeng, n'ọdịda anyanwụ Gauteng na South Africa. O tolitere na Sebokeng nke dị na ndịda Johannesburg. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụnne anọ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Sancta Maria Junior High na Mondeor High School n'otu n'otu. Ọ gara n'ihu na Mahadum Wits ebe ọ gbanwere ihe ọ na-agu site na nkuzi sayensị gaa na mgbakọ na mwepụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na akụnụba. Ugbu a o nwetara nzere bachelọ na Economics na Mathematics, nzere B.Comm na Economics na nzere masta na Finance and Investment, ha niile sitere na Mahadum Wits. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://blsa.org.za/about-us/the-board/mpumi-madisa/|title=Mpumi Madisa – Business Leadership South Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-06|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106062642/https://blsa.org.za/about-us/the-board/mpumi-madisa/}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":4"/> == Ọrụ == Ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Hollard Insurance were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka ịzụ ahịa ọzụzụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n’ebe ahụ ọnwa iri na asatọ wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na Prestige, bụ́ ụlọ ọrụ Bidvest nke na-ahụ maka nhicha. Na Prestige, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye njikwa mmekọrịta ndị ahịa, ọnọdụ e mepụtara maka ya na mmalite nke usoro ọrụ. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ hapụrụ Prestige ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ ọha na eze ebe ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa mgbanwe na ngalaba Gauteng nke ọrụ ugbo na mmepe ime obodo. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Prestige, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ngalaba anọ na onye isi ahịa. Ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị, a kwalitere ya ịrụ ọrụ na ọkwa otu ma họpụta ya na bọọdụ Bidvest. Na 8 Maachị 2019, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara Chief Executive Officer nke Bidvest Group, ọkwá ọ ga-ewere nke ọma na Julaị 2020. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fin24.com/Finweek/Featured/the-logic-behind-bidvest-20190729|title=The logic behind Bidvest|date=2019-07-29|work=Fin24|accessdate=2019-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://strategyexecution.africa/speakers/nompumelelo-thembekile-madisa/|title=Mpumi Madisa « Africa Strategy Execution Conference|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2019-11-06|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106063040/https://strategyexecution.africa/speakers/nompumelelo-thembekile-madisa/}}</ref> <ref name=":4"/> == Ndụ onwe == Madisa lụrụ di ma mụta otu nwa. <ref name=":1"/> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 81ab2vzmhpjokh18rlpxcasor1n5fle 0 13027 655906 89938 2026-06-16T12:40:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ikike nke nwoke na nnọkọ ezi-na-ụlọ (Hebrew: == Ndabere == N'ime afọ 1996, Schlusser bipụtara akwụkwọ, Ikike nke Nwoke na Ezinụlọ?, nke kwuru na iwu ezinụlọ na Steeti Israel na-ele mmadụ anya n'ihu megide ụmụ nwoke.<ref>{{Cite book|title=זכויות הגבר במשפחה?|author=שלוסר|first=יעקב|publisher=שלוסר|year=1996|isbn=9657018056|location=תל אביב}}</ref> A na-edozi nsogbu ndị dị ka ịgba alụkwaghịm, alimony, ebubo ụgha nke mmetọ, na nkwado ụmụaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dhost.info/raash/book.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612043253/http://dhost.info/raash/book.html|archivedate=2012-06-12|title=Men's Rights in the Family? - book in PDF format|date=2012-06-12|accessdate=2018-05-27}}</ref> Schlusser mechara zọọ ntuli aka Knesset nke afọ 1996 dị ka onye isi nke Ikike nke Nwoke na nnoko Ezinụlọ. N'elu ikpo okwu nke otu ahụ kpọrọ oku ka ewepụ nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ na-enye nne ikike na-akpaghị aka n'ọnọdụ ịgba alụkwaghịm maka obere ụmụaka. Ọ kpọkwara oku ka a dabere na nkwado ụmụaka na ihe ndị ọzọ ma e wezụga ndepụta ego nke ndụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ ndị otu ahụ lebara anya bụ ụlọ maka ndị di na nwunye na-eto eto, ibelata ụtụ isi, na oku maka ụgwọ ezumike nká steeti. Ọ kpọkwara oku maka nhọrọ nke alụmdi na nwunye obodo na mgbakwunye na alụmdi na nwunye a nabatara n'okpukpe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dhost.info/raash/layout.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612043239/http://dhost.info/raash/layout.html|archivedate=2012-06-12|title=Archived website of Ra'ash party|date=2012-06-12|accessdate=2018-05-27}}</ref> O nwetara vootu 2,388 (0.1%), na-enwetaghị oche. Na ntuli aka Knesset nke dị nime afọ 1999, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ pụtara n'okpuru aha "Justice for All", ma nweta votu 1,257 (0.04%), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke abụọ kachasị ala nke votu na 1.5% nke ntuli aka. N'ime afọ 2003, ndị Oghere ọnụ ụlọ ụmụ nwanyị Israel boro otu ahụ ebubo na ha na-akpali ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ma na-ekwupụta eziokwu na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ha. Otú ọ dị, dị ka otu isiokwu dị na ''Haaretz'' si kwuo, onye isi oche nke Kọmitii ntuli aka etiti jụrụ arịrịọ ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado iji nyochaa mkpọsa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/elections/cheshin-rejects-petition-to-censor-man-s-rights-in-the-family-ad-1.22163|title=Cheshin rejects petition to censor Man's Rights in the Family ad|author=Alon, Gideon|date=January 15, 2003|work=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=November 3, 2012|archivedate=April 29, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429192637/http://www.haaretz.com/news/elections/cheshin-rejects-petition-to-censor-man-s-rights-in-the-family-ad-1.22163}}</ref> Na ntuli aka Knesset sochirinụ, otu ahụ nwetara vootu 1,284 (0.04%). Nhoputa ndi ochichi nke afọ 2006 mere ka ndi otu ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ bụrụ "Justice for All" ọzọ, na nke ugbu a, ha nwetara vootu 3,819 (0.12%). Tupu ntuli aka Knesset nke afọ 2009, Schlusser kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Yedioth Achronoth na otu n'ime nna abụọ ọ bụla na-efunahụ ikike ịhụ ụmụ ha n'ihi ịgba alụkwaghịm rụrụ arụ, na-agbakwụnye, "ụmụ nwere ikike ịhụ nna ha," na-ekwukwa na "nwa nke na-ahụ nwanyị na-achịkwa, na-emegide okike, nwere ike ịghọ nwoke idina nwoke".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3637253,00.html|title=Men's Rights Party vies for votes|author=Edelson, Daniel|date=December 11, 2008|work=[[Ynetnews]]|accessdate=November 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=132546|title=Smaller parties reckon with the political wilderness|author=Socol, Max|date=March 11, 2009|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|accessdate=November 3, 2012}}</ref> Na ntuli aka ahụ, otu ahụ nwetara naanị vootu narị itoolu na iri abụọ na otu (0.03%). N'ime afọ 2012, a kọwara Schusser na ''Makor Rishon'' banyere ahụmịhe onwe ya nke mere ka ọ zọọ ọkwa ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makorrishon.co.il/nrg/online/54/ART2/414/823.html|title=יו''ר מפלגת זכויות הגבר: ''אני שווה לפחות 10 מנדטים''|work=NRG מעריב|accessdate=2018-05-27}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2013, ọ kwadoro ịgbanwe iwu nke na-ekwu na ndị ikom na-anọ n'ụlọ ga-akwụ ụgwọ mkpuchi mba, ebe a na-ahapụ ndị nne na-elekọta ụlọ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Haaretz'', o kwuru, "Mgbe a bịara n'afọ ezumike nká, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịla ezumike nká mgbe ha dị afọ iri isii na abụọ, mana enweghị m ike."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/mr-moms-suffer-from-insurance-law-1.5279298|title=Vive La Difference: Stay-at-home Men Liable for NII Payments|author=Weissberg|first=Hila|date=2013-10-25|work=Haaretz|accessdate=2018-05-27|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926210542/http://dhost.info/raash/main.html Official website] (na Hibru) 1whzhuihpk6dl6wu64ejd7qiue3z5qq 0 17988 655920 207200 2026-06-16T16:53:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mary Emmeline Godfrey''' (3 Julaị 1913 - 30 Eprel 2007) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé nkụzi nka nke ghọrọ ónyé mbụ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile na Mahadum Penn State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary E. Godfrey, State College, Pennsylvania|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/mary-godfrey-obituary?pid=1000000088170242|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref> E were ya n'ọrụ n'afọ 1957 ma jee ozi dị ka osote prọfesọ nke agụmakwụkwọ nka ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blackhistory.psu.edu/timeline/mary_e._godfrey_first_negro_full-time_faculty_member|title=Mary Godfrey|work=African American Chronicles: Black History at Penn State|publisher=Penn State University|accessdate=17 March 2017|archivedate=16 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216092718/http://blackhistory.psu.edu/timeline/mary_e._godfrey_first_negro_full-time_faculty_member}}</ref> Godfrey nwetara nzèrè bachelọ nke nka márá mma site na Pratt Institute na nzere masta site na Mahadum Columbia ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-enyere ónyé nlekọta steeti aka na agụmakwụkwọ nka maka Ngalaba Mmụta Virginia. N'afọ 1957, Dr. Viktor Lowenfeld, onye isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta nka, College of Education, na Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] State, were Godfrey n'ọrụ dị ka osote prọfesọ nke agụmakwụkwọ nka. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Mary Godfrey na July 3, 1913 na obéré ọbọdọ dị n'ebe ndịda nke Charlotte Court House, Virginia, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ụmụ asatọ nke Henry B. Godfrey Na Louise (née Reid) Godfrey. N'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ, Godfrey kwuru na a mụrụ ya na New York City.<ref>Hollingsworth, Jr., C. (1988). Viktor Lowenfeld and the racial landscape of Hampton Institute during his tenure (1939-1946), (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.</ref> Ezinụlọ Godfrey nwere ugbo na Charlotte Court House na ébé óbíbí na New York City, ebe nna ya guzobere azụmahịa. == Agụmakwụkwọ == Godfrey banyèrè na Pratt Institute Department of Teacher Training in Art Education na 1933, mgbè ọ dị afọ 20, wee nweta asambodo nkụzi na 1937. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndekọ na-egosi na Godfrey nwetara BFA na agụmakwụkwọ nka, Pratt enyeghị nzèrè bachelọ afọ anọ ruo 1938. Ọrụ ọmụmụ Godfrey nwetara n'ime afọ anọ ya bụ otu ihe na nzere bachelọ. O ruru eru ịkụzi usoro nka niile n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na nke onwe site na elementrị ruo na kọleji na steeti ọ bụla.<ref>Roy, V. (1936). Department of Teacher Training, Pratt Institute School of Fine and Applied Arts Catalog: Day Courses, 1936–37. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Pratt Institute. </ref> Godfrey gárá n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya wee nweta nzèrè masta na Columbia University Teachers College. == Ọrụ == Mgbè Godfrey gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Pratt Institute ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi nka / onye nlekọta maka Camden Public School na Camden, [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] site na 1938-1947. N'afọ 1947, Godfrey ghọrọ ónyé Africa America mbụ dị ka ónyé enyemaka State Art Supervisor màkà Virginia State. Ọrụ ya bụ ilekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii na steeti ahụ na ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ nka. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 00tcsmd3u2rdky51i6t3n5iodbk9kcx 0 18169 655930 182912 2026-06-16T21:38:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Michael Steven Harper''' (March 18, 1938 May 7, 2016) bụ onye America na-ede abụ ma burukwa prọfesọ Bekee na Mahadum Brown, onye bụ onye na-ede abụ Laureate nke [[Àlá mmírí Rhode|Rhode Island]] site n'afọ 19 1988 ruo 1993. Jazz na [[Ákíkó mbu|akụkọ ihe mere eme]] nwere mmetụta [[Ákíkó mbu|abụ]]<nowiki/>bụ uri ya.<ref name="msaap">{{Cite web|url=http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/277|title=Michael S. Harper|publisher=Academy of American poets|accessdate=May 16, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/277 "Michael S. Harper"]. Academy of American poets<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> N'etiti mmetụta ndị kpụrụ edemede ya, o kwuru na ihe mmụta kachasị mkpa ọ mụtara n'aka ndị na-agụ egwú bụ phrasing, izi ezi nke phrasing. O bipụtara akwụkwọ iri nke abụ, abụọ n'ime ha bụ Dear John, Dear Coltrane (1970) na Images of Kin (1977) bụ ndị a họpụtara maka National Book Award. A gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ya dị ka ihe atụ nke akwụkwọ edemede Africa-America na abụ jazz n'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche. == Mbido ndụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya == A mụrụ Harper na Brooklyn dị ka nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ atọ n'ime ezinụlọ ndị isi ojii dị ala.<ref name="LAT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=2551758|title=Walter Warren Harper, obituary|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 26, 2004|accessdate=May 16, 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=2551758 "Walter Warren Harper, obituary"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. August 26, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Nna nna ya, Roland Johnson, bụ dọkịta Canada a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ọma ma bụrụ dọkịta na-enye Harper n'ụlọ ha.<ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụkwa onye isi na-emetụta mkpebi mbụ ya ịchụso pre-med na Los Angeles kọleji obodo . Nna ya Walter (onye aha ya nke abụọ, Warren) bụ onye malitere akwụkwọ ozi "ọhụrụ" ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta post ọfịs. Nne ya Katherine Louise, nke a mụrụ Johnson bụ odeakwụkwọ ahụike. Banyere nne na nna ya, Harper kwuru n'otu oge, "Ndị mụrụ m enweghị ego buru ibu, mana ha nwere nnukwu nchịkọta ndekọ".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://go.galegroup.com.msu.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA393210803&v=2.1&u=moreheadstu&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w#|title=Into the underworld with Michael S. Harper|author=Makari|first=George|work=The Worcester Review|accessdate=October 27, 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMakari">Makari, George. [http://go.galegroup.com.msu.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA393210803&v=2.1&u=moreheadstu&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w# "Into the underworld with Michael S. Harper"]. ''The Worcester Review''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Nke a ga-emecha metụta ọrụ ya, na-agwakọta uri na jazz. A mụrụ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Jonathan Paul n'afọ1941 ma nwụọ n'ihe mberede ọgba tum tum n'afọ 1977. A mụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, Katherine Winifred, n'afọ 1943. Ha tolitere na Bedford-Stuyvesant, akụkụ ugwu nke etiti Brooklyn, ruo mgbe ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'ụlọ ha na Los Angeles n'afọ 1951, ebe ọ gara Dorsey nke sekọndrị.<ref name="LAT"/> Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Harper chọsiri ike ịpụ n'ụlọ nna ya banye n'ime nke ya, na-egosi ọchịchọ ya ịrụ ọrụ, mepụta ma mụta ihe n'ụzọ nke ya.<ref name=":0"/> N'afọ 1955, ọ gara Los Angeles City College, na mbụ na-edebanye aha na nkuzi pre-med na akwụkwọ edemede, na-agụsị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1959 na onye mmekọ nke nka. Na Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences (nke bụzi California State University, Los Angeles, ọ nwetara nzere B.A. na MA na ọmụmụ Bekee n'afọ 1961.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/arts/michael-s-harper-poet-with-a-jazz-pulse-dies-at-78.html?_r=1|title=Michael S. Harper, Poet With a Jazz Pulse, Dies at 78|work=NY Times|date=May 10, 2016|accessdate=May 16, 2016|author=Grimes, William}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGrimes,_William2016">Grimes, William (May 10, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/arts/michael-s-harper-poet-with-a-jazz-pulse-dies-at-78.html?_r=1 "Michael S. Harper, Poet With a Jazz Pulse, Dies at 78"]. ''NY Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge na post ọfịs ma kpọọ ahụmahụ a "ezi agụmakwụkwọ" ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url=https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6754&context=iowareview|title=Office Hours: A Memoir and an Interview with Michael S. Harper|author=Treseler|first=Heather|date=2009|journal=The Iowa Review|volume=39|issue=3|pages=100–123|doi=10.17077/0021-065X.6754 <!--archive-url=https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6754&conia=text=iowareview-->}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTreseler2009">Treseler, Heather (2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190708093923/https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6754&context=iowareview "Office Hours: A Memoir and an Interview with Michael S. Harper"]. ''The Iowa Review''. '''39''' (3): 100–123. [[Doi (ihe e ji amata ya)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.17077/0021-065X.6754|10.17077/0021-065X.6754]]</span> &#x2013; via Iowa Research Online.</cite></ref> Ọ sonyeere Iowa ogbako ndị odee na Mahadum nke Iowa, ebe ọ na-eguzogide n'ụzọ dị ukwuu mmegharị nke ide na syllabics, nke ọ kpọrọ "nke dị egwu". N'oge ọ nọ na Iowa City Harper kwuru, "Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihe m mụtara... enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ogbako" n'ihi nnupụisi nke Civil Rights Movement n'oge ahụ.<ref name=":0"/> O nwetara MFA n' afọ 1963.<ref name="msaap"/> == Ọrụ ya == Ọ kụziri Bekee na Contra Costa College na San Pablo, California na abụ ya pụtara na obere magazin. N'afọ 1968, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ede abụ na Lewis & Clark College ma kụzie na Reed College ma na Portland, Oregon. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o tinyere ihe odide na Asọmpi Nrite abụ nke U.S., nke Gwendolyn Brooks nyere. Ọ bụ ezie na o merighị, Brooks na-akpọ ọrụ ya onye mmeri ya.<ref name=":0"/> Harper kwuru na Brooks nyere ya ọrụ ya. Na Brooks n'azụ ya, Mahadum Pittsburgh bipụtara akwụkwọ ya ma nyochaa ya na Time n'afọ 1970 na edemede mkpuchi nke Ralph Ellison. N'afọ 1996, Brooks nyere Harper George Kent Ihe nrite nke abụ maka Ndozigharị nsọpụrụ. N'afọ 1970, ọ kụziri na California State College na Hayward, California.<ref name="nyt"/> Ọ sonyeere ngalaba Bekee na Mahadum Brown, ebe ọ kụziri ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na ọmụmụ abụ nye ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ onye isi oche ruo afọ ole na ole nke mmemme nzere Masta n'okike ide edemede. Otu n'ime ndị enyemaka nyocha ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ Denice Joan Deitch, nwa akwụkwọ na mmemme gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Academy of American Poets awardee, 1977 (nke bụzi Rev. Jade D. Benson, onye ozi Unitarian Universalist na onye na-ede uri / onye na-akọ akụkọ mkpirikpi). Ọ kụzikwaara Michael Gizzi, Bob Kessler, Julia Thacker, na ndị ọzọ gara n'ihu dee, kụzie, ma ọ bụ jeere nka ozi n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Ụmụ akwụkwọ kpọrọ ya "MSH", "Onye isi", na "Onye Ukwu".<ref name=":1"/> Ọ nọgidere n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Disemba 2013 ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ kachasị ogologo oge nke Bekee na Nkà edemede na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="nyt" /><ref>[https://brown.edu/academics/literary-arts/about/faculty/michael-harper/michael-harper Michael S. Harper, University Professor, Brown University.]</ref> N'afọ 1993, Nathan A. Scott dere na ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'' na "Harper emeela ọrụ nke, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù na mmasị dị ukwuu, kwesịrị ka a mara ya karịa ka ọ bụ": ịrị abụọ na ise  N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Brown, onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ George Makari kwuru na Harper "na-abanye n'ụzọ miri emi na ndụ onwe anyị, na-ama anyị aka ịtụgharị onye anyị chere na anyị bụ, [ma] gwa anyị ka anyị hapụ nwata ma banye n'ụdị nsogbu okike. "<ref name=":1"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == Harper lụrụ di ma nwee nwa nwanyị, Rachel, onye bụkwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191450/http://rachelmharper.com/ onye edemede], na ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Roland na Patrice. O mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm.<ref name="nyt" /> Ọ biri na Providence, Rhode Island ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Mee 7, 2016.<ref name="msaap"/> Harper nwere ụmụ abụọ nwụrụ mgbe a mụrụ ha, nke kpaliri ọtụtụ n'ime uri mbụ ya, gụnyere "Nightmare Begins Responsibility".<ref name="nyt"/> == Ọrụ ya == Harper dere banyere ndị Afrika Amerika dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme, gụnyere Jackie Robinson dị ka [[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]], yana John Brown. O kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Terry Gross gbara ya n'afọ 2000, na ihe kachasị mkpa ọ mụtara n'aka ndị na-agụ egwú bụ phrasing, izi ezi nke nkebiokwu, izi ezi nke nkebi okwu, na oke elu na ikike ime mmụọ Harper na-edekarị banyere nwunye ya, Shirley (nke a na-akpọkarị "Shirl"), ụmụ ha, na ndị nna nna ha, yana ndị enyi na ndị isi ojii dị iche iche na akụkọ mere eme na ọdịbendị. [citation needed] Na abụ, Harper kwuru, sị: "Ezigbo uri bụ ezigbo abụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a pụghị itinye ya n'ime okwu, ma ọ bụ edemede dị mfe. "<ref name=":0"/> Nke a metụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ ya, ọkachasị "Blue Ruth: America" (1971) nke gosipụtara mba ahụ n'àkwà ụlọ ọgwụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ nke afọ 2009, o kwuru banyere mkpa ọ dị ikwu okwu ọha na eze, na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ nwere nsogbu na Onye isi ala Barack Obama n'ihi na ọ na-ekwu maka ihe ndị na-esote mgbe a na-eji ọtụtụ n'ime ha "na-ada ụda".<ref name=":0" /> ; Dị ka onye edemede : * 1970: Dear John, Dear Coltrane, họpụtara maka National Book Award<ref name="msaap"/> * 1971: History Is Your Own Heartbeat, meriri Black Academy of Arts & Letters Award maka uri<ref name="naspe" /><ref name="msaap" /> * 1972: Abụ: "Achọrọ m onye akaebe"<ref name="naspe" /> * 1975: Nightmare Na-amalite Ọrụ<ref name="naspe" /> * 1977: Images of Kin, meriri Melville-Cane Award site na Poetry Society of America; a họpụtara ya maka National Book Award<ref name="msaap" /> ** 1973: Debridement (nke gụnyere na Images of Kin)<ref>Harper, Michael S. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110305193822/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poem.html?id=171559 ''Debridement'']. Poetry Foundation, 1977.</ref> * 1985: Abụ Ọgwụgwọ maka Inner Ear<ref name="naspe" /> * 1995: ''Mgbanwe Ndị''<ref name="msaap" /> A Na-akwanyere ùgwù * 2000: Songlines na Michaeltree: New and Collected Poems<ref name="msaap" /> * 2000: ''Abụ'' (Mahadum nke Illinois Press)<ref name="msaap" /> * 2001: Debridement: Abụ m chọrọ onye akaebe & Debridement * 2002: ''Abụ ndị a'' họọrọ, ARC Publications<ref name="msaap" /> Abụ egwu jazz n'eso: * 2004: Double Take: Jazz - Poetry Conversations, Paul Austerlitz, bass clarinetist / composer, innova Records, nke e mere site na American Composers Forum's Recording Assistance Program, nke McKnight Foundation kwadoro. * Ekwenyere m na ndị mmadụ: Ncheta nke Walter Warren Harper (1915 - 2004)<ref name="nyt"/> ; Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ * Chant of Saints: A Gathering of Literature, Art and Scholarship (1979, ed. na Robert B. Stepto) == Nkwado na ihe nrite ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://go.galegroup.com.msu.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA393210809&v=2.1&u=moreheadstu&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w&authCount=1|title=Michael S. Harper: chronology|work=go.galegroup.com.msu.idm.oclc.org|publisher=The Worcester Review|accessdate=2017-10-27}}</ref> == * 1972: Ihe nrite National Academy of Arts and Letters. Black Academy of Arts and Letters Award maka "Akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ obi nke gị". * 1976: Nwetara Guggenheim Fellowship. * 1977: Ọ natara onyinye site na National Endowment of the Arts. Ọ na-enweta onyinye Massachusetts Council of the Arts. * 1978: Foto nke Kin: New and Selected Poems họpụtara maka National Book Award. Ọ natara onyinye Melville-Cane site na Poetry Society of America. * 1987: Onyinye Gọvanọ site na Rhode Island Council for the Arts. Honorary Doctor of Letters na Trinity College. * 1988: A na-akpọ ya onye edemede mbụ Laureate nke steeti Rhode Island. * 1990: Nwetara Robert Hayden Memorial Poetry Award. Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters na Coe College, Iowa. * 1991: Honorary Doctorate of Letters na Notre Dame College na Manchester, NH. * 1994: Honorary Doctor of Letters na Kenyon College. Na-enye adreesị mmalite. * 1996: George Kent Poetry Award for Honorable Amendments, nke Gwendolyn Brooks nyere. * 1997: Pell Award for Excellence in the Arts, Rhode Island Council for the Arts. * 2001: Honorary Doctorate of Letters, Rhode Island College * 2005: Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye ọka ikpe maka Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. * 2008: Frost Medal for Lifetime Achievement site na Poetry Society of America. == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]Ọ dị iche iche Ịkpụpụ bụ ịgwọ ọrịa: Onye ibe dị oke egwu na "Debridement" nke Michael S. Harper. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://academic.eb.com/blackhistory/article-9000467 Michael S Harper] Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190325155156/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/harper/harper.htm Michael S Harper] Abụ uri America nke oge a, * [http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/277 Michael S Harper] Academy of American Poets [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] petm0vehr3xsht7buosggqunwgtke9q 0 19229 655914 139402 2026-06-16T15:10:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marinel Sumook Ubaldo''' (1997) bụ onye Filipinos na-ahụ maka ihu igwe si mba Philippines nke nyere aka ịhazi ọgbaghara ihu igwe nke ndị ntorobịa mbụ na mba ya. Ọ gbara akaebe dị ka onye akaebe obodo maka Commission on Human Rights nke Philippines dị ka akụkụ nke nyocha ha banyere ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na ma enwere ike iwere mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ka mmebi nke ikike mmadụ nke Philippines.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Meet Marinel Sumook Ubaldo, Philippines|url=https://nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-marinel-sumook-ubaldo-philippines/|date=2019-12-03|work=Nobel Women's Initiative|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-30}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == [[Usòrò:Tacloban_Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-14.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tacloban_Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-14.jpg/332px-Tacloban_Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-14.jpg|alt=|thumb|332x332px|Mmetụta nke Typhoon Haiyan, The Philippines (2013)]] A mụrụ Ubaldo na 1997 site nye nna bụ onye ọkụ azụ na Matarinao, Salcedo, Eastern Samar.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Shadijanova|first=Diyora|date=4 November 2021|title=Climate activist Marinel Ubaldo: "We can’t wait for more disasters…|url=https://theface.com/society/climate-activist-marinel-ubaldo-interview-philippines-cop26-glasgow|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=The Face|language=en-gb|archivedate=2023-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429214004/https://theface.com/society/climate-activist-marinel-ubaldo-interview-philippines-cop26-glasgow}}</ref> Ubadio mụtara banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na mbelata ihe ize ndụ ọdachi n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2012. Ubaldo bụbụ onye ndú ndị ntorobịa na Plan International, otu na-achọ ịkwalite ụmụaka na ikike ụmụ nwanyị. N'ọrụ a, Ubaldo na-ekwu na ọ zụrụ ndị otu mpaghara na ihe kpatara okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref name=":0"/> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2013, Typhoon Haiyan wetara ifufe ruru 275 km / h (170 mph) na ebili mmiri ruru 15 m (45 ft), karịsịa na-emetụta mpaghara dị ala nke Philippines.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-11-13|title=Typhoon Haiyan: Before and after the storm|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-24899001|accessdate=2020-04-30}}</ref> Ihe karịrị mmadụ pụkụ isii nwụrụ na ọdachi ahụ ebe mmadụ pụkụ ịrị abụọ na asatọ merụrụ ahụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Filipino typhoon survivor tells of brush with climate crisis, urges Japanese to act now|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/05/national/filipino-typhoon-survivor-tells-brush-climate-crisis-urges-japanese-act-now/|author=Takahashi|first=Ryusei|date=2019-11-05|work=The Japan Times|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-30}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ekwuola na ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike dị ka ajọ ifufe a, na-akawanye njọ ma ọ bụ mee ka o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-abụ site na ịrị elu okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Vidal|first=John|date=2013-11-13|title=Is climate change to blame for Typhoon Haiyan?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/12/typhoon-haiyan-climate-change-blame-philippines|accessdate=2020-04-30}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye nwere mmetụta nke Typhoon Haiyan, Ubaldo gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ihu igwe ya, na-agba gọọmentị ume maka nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":1" /> N'afọ 2015, Ubaldo nwetara agụmakwụkwọ iji mụọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-17|title=Gen Z on how to save the world: young climate activists speak out|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/17/gen-z-on-how-to-save-the-world-young-climate-activists-speak-out|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Leyte Normal iji nweta nzere Bachelor of Science in Social Work ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Send Marinel to Asia Student Summit|url=https://gogetfunding.com/send-marinel-to-asia-student-summit/?show_desktop=1|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=GoGetFunding|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Marinel Sumook Ubaldo, Philippines : surviving climate change, demanding dignity|url=https://writeathon.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Philippines-Case-Card-min.pdf|accessdate=12 April 2022|work=writeathon.ca|archivedate=25 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725155112/https://writeathon.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Philippines-Case-Card-min.pdf}}</ref> == Ịgba mbọ == Ubaldo na-akwado maka mmachibido iwu na plastik a na-eji eme ihe otu ugboro, mbelata nke ikuku carbon na itinye ego na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2015, Ubaldo kwuru okwu na United Nations (UN) Climate Conference ebe o kwuru na ọ dị mma iche echiche banyere anyị, chee echiche banyere ọgbọ ndị na-abịa ga-ata ahụhụ n'ihi na i meghị mkpebi n'oge. Ubaldo ekwuola na ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ bụ ebumnuche nke ndụ m.<ref name=":0"/> N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ pụtakwara na ihe ngosi nke Christoph Schwaiger duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dy|first=Richard|date=2015-12-10|title=Yolanda survivor makes waves in Paris climate talks|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/115542-yolanda-survivor-paris-climate-talks/|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=RAPPLER|language=en-US}}</ref> Aha ihe nkiri ahụ bụ Girl and Typhoons<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sion|first=Ingrid|date=2015-12-09|title="La Jeune Fille et les typhons"|url=https://teleobs.nouvelobs.com/la-selection-teleobs/20151201.OBS0488/la-jeune-fille-et-les-typhons.html|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=TéléObs|language=fr}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019, Ubaldo gara mmemme ọzụzụ nke ndị isi ihu igwe na Yokohama, Japan, nke Al Gore guzobere. Ọ kwukwara okwu na mahadum dị iche iche nke Japan.<ref name=":1"/> Ubaldo kwuru na:<ref name=":1"/><blockquote>Mba ụwa mbụ...[nwere ike] ịkwụsị ịkwalite mgbanwe ihu igwe, ma gbanwee omume azụmahịa ka e wee belata ikuku carbon gị... Mba ndị a kwesịrị ịbụ ndị na-aza ajụjụ. Ọ bụ ihe na-ezighị ezi maka ndị mmadụ, maka mba ndị dị ka Philippines, ịta ahụhụ site na ihe anyị na-akpata.</blockquote>Ubaldo na-ekwu na ekwesighi ikwe ka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala mee ka ha kwuo mmeghachi omume na mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I Don't Want to Be a Climate Statistic|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/survived-climate-disaster-dont-want-statistic-justice-corporate-accountability-op-ed|author=Ubaldo|first=Marinel Sumook|work=Teen Vogue|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-30}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na ọ ka nwere nchekwube na enwere ike ịmepụta atụmatụ iji belata mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":1"/> N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, ọ gbara akaebe na Kọmitii Senate nke United States na-ege ntị na mmekọrịta mba ọzọ nke akpọrọ "Ịlụ ọgụ megide mgbanwe ihu igwe n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na Pacific".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Combatting Climate Change in East Asia and the Pacific {{!}} United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|url=https://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/combatting-climate-change-in-east-asia-and-the-pacific-072121|accessdate=2022-04-23|work=www.foreign.senate.gov|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ubaldo na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwado Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Mmekọrịta Ndị Ntorobịa na Living Laudato Siʹ Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ubaldo|first=Marinel|date=26 December 2021|title=Rising Up from the Rubble of Disasters|url=https://www.youth4nature.org/stories/rubble-disasters|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=Youth4Nature|language=en-US}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * https://plan-uk.org/ * https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/w4r-2019-philippines-marinel-ubaldo/ == Ebensidee == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1997]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2gz9ayrvwbug7u1tciuhw10msdlypn9 0 20160 655969 191038 2026-06-17T07:36:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655969 wikitext text/x-wiki  N [[Category:Pages using infobox organization with motto or pledge]] ational Youth service National Youth Service (NYS) bụ nzukọ nke dị n'okpuru Gọọmentị [[Kenya]] . E guzobere ya na afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri isii na ano, iji zụọ ndị na-eto eto n'ihe ndị dị mkpa nke mba. N'afọ puku abụọ na iri na itoolu , a gbanwere nzukọ ahụ site na ngalaba steeti gaa na ụlọ ọrụ steeti na-achị onwe ya mgbe iwu NYS, puku abụọ na iri asatọ nke ndị omeiwu Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/2018/NationalYouthServiceAct_No17of2018.pdf|title=Kenya Law: Home Page|work=kenyalaw.org|accessdate=2019-11-09|archivedate=2019-11-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109153103/http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/2018/NationalYouthServiceAct_No17of2018.pdf}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Kenya_National_Youth_Service_officials.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kenya_National_Youth_Service_officials.jpg/220px-Kenya_National_Youth_Service_officials.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ndị ọrụ National Youth Service na Nakuru]] [[Usòrò:Kenya_National_Youth_Service_marching.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kenya_National_Youth_Service_marching.jpg/220px-Kenya_National_Youth_Service_marching.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|National Youth Service na-agagharị n'okporo ámá na Nakuru]] Isi ọrụ nke NYS bụ ịzụ na iduzi ndị ntorobịa Kenya site na : # Ndị agha na ndị agha. # Ihe omume iwu ụlọ nke mba. # Ọzụzụ teknụzụ na ọrụ aka na nkà na azụmaahịa dị iche iche. == Ndebanye aha == Ndebanye aha maka ọrụ ahụ bụ ọrụ afọ ofufo maka ndị ntorobịa Kenya dị n'agbata afọ iri na asatọ ruo na afọ iri abụọ na abụọ. Mgbe ha debanyere aha, a na-enye ndị a na-akpọbata ọzụzụ siri ike na-abụghị nke agha maka ọnwa isii. A na-achọ ka ndị a na-akpọbata na-enye ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwa isii nke ọrụ mba, nke nwere ike ịgụnye; * Ihe owuwu * Nchịkwa vector * Usoro mmelite nke ogige * Nchịkwa okporo ụzọ * Nchekwa ọha na eze<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/08/04/180-000-security-officers-to-man-tuesday-general-election_c1609981|title=180, 000 security officers to man Tuesday General Election &#124; The Star, Kenya|author=Joseph Ndunda|date=2017-08-04|accessdate=2017-12-04|publisher=The-star.co.ke}}</ref> * Ọrụ ugbo Tupu ngwụcha afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri asatọ, ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-esonye na nzukọ ahụ tupu ha abanye na mahadum. Taa, a na-ewe ndị mmadụ n'ọrụ n'afọ ofufo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000167212/how-kenya-s-national-youth-service-has-evolved-through-the-years-to-be-what-it-is|title=How Kenya's National Youth Service has evolved through the years to be what it is|author=Ayaga|first=Wilfred|work=The Standard|accessdate=2018-03-23|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ha mechara ọrụ mba iwu, a na-eziga ndị a na-akpọbata n'ụlọ akwụkwọ teknụzụ na ọrụ aka n'ime NYS iji zụọ ha n'ọhịa dị iche iche dịka ọrụ ugbo, injinia na ile ọbịa. Ọzụzụ ahụ bụ n'efu maka ndị niile a kpọrọ ọhụrụ. == Ndepụta Nke NYS TVET Colleges == * NYS Institute of Business Studies -Nairobi * NYS Injinịa kọleji * Ụlọ akwụkwọ nka Nairobi * NYS yatta kọleji * Kọleji akwa * Ụlọ akwụkwọ Advanced Building- Gilgil * NYS Kọleji Nkà na ụzụ Mombasa * Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọrụ aka ime obodo Turbo * Ụlọ akwụkwọ ịkwọ ụgbọala NYS * Ụlọ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ - Keryo Valley * Kọleji nwata -Naivasha == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere National Youth Service site n'enyemaka nke gọọmentị Israel, ọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Nahal (ndị ntorobịa ''na-alụ'' ọgụ) na GADNA (Youth battalion) nke jikọtara ọrụ agha na nguzobe ebe ọrụ ugbo. Ọ bụ ezie na n'Izrel, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie egwu dị adị site na Palestine na ụwa ndị Arab, na Kenya ihe nlereanya ahụ mara mma nye gọọmentị iji kụnye ụkpụrụ mba nye ndị na-eto eto na iji mee ka ndị na-alụ ọgụ nnwere onwe (mau mau). Ndị Israel nwere olile anya iji ọzụzụ ndị ntorobịa dị ka ebe ha ga-abanye n'Afrịka . E wezụga Kenya, ha nwere mmemme dị otú ahụ na Naịjirịa, Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Ịrụpụta NYS nwere ike ịmalite n'oge karịa ka a kwetara n'ihu ọha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/Mboya-JM-and-secret-Israeli-operations-in-NYS/1064-2887302-137ohr6/index.html|title=Mboya, JM, and secret Israeli operations in NYS|work=Daily Nation|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-12}}</ref> N'etiti afọ 1959, Mboya duuru ndị nnọchiteanya gaa Israel ebe a kpọbatara ya na ndị isi Afrịka ndị ọzọ na òtù Gadna-Nahal, n'oge nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe izu isii. Ọ bụ CIA kwadoro nzukọ ahụ International Union of the Socialist Youth (IUSY), nke na-ebipụta isiokwu Mboya ugboro ugboro banyere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'Afrịka Gadna bụ acronym nke pụtara ndị ntorobịa, ebe Nahal pụtara ịlụ ọgụ megide ndị ọsụ ụzọ ntorobịa. Ndị a bụ òtù ndị ntorobịa nke gọọmentị Israel na-achịkwa ma na-akwado iji kụnye mmetụta nke "ezube mba", na "na-arụ ọrụ obodo na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya". Mgbe ọ laghachiri Nairobi, Maazị Mboya gwara ndị nta akụkọ, sị: "N'Izrel, ahụla m ndị ntorobịa a zụrụ ka ha bụrụ ihe na-eme ka mba ahụ nwee obi ụtọ, ha dịkwa mfe maka ụdị ọrụ mba niile". N'ihi ihe mmụta ọ mụtara n'Izrel, Mboya nwere olileanya ịgbanwe ngalaba ndị ntorobịa nke People's Congress Party ya ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị egwu. Ọ bụ otu Mboya-Kariuki a ga-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị Israel iji guzobe National Youth Service niile dị ka akụkụ nke mbọ Israel na-agba iji wulite mmekọrịta chiri anya na ọchịchị Kenyatta. Kenya nwere olile anya ịnakwere nnwale Nahal nke Israel n'ịdị n'otu agbụrụ Kenya site na iji òtù ndị ntorobịa. Israel mekwara ka onye isi ala Kenyatta nabata echiche Kibbutz nke bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo obodo nke ndị ntorobịa a zụrụ azụ dị ka ndị ọsụ ụzọ. N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri isii na isii, J.G. Mbogo nke Embu wetara Motion na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na-achọ ka a gbasaa otu ndị Israel na-enye ego na-ekwu na a na-azụ ndị ntorobịa "maka onye guzoro n'ebe ahụ ma yie nnukwu".Iji chebe ọrụ Israel site na mgbasa, a gụnyere ya dị ka akụkụ nke ndị agha a dọrọ aka ná ntị na mmezigharị Eprel otu puku, narị itoolu na iri isii na isii nke Iwu Kenya. N'ozuzu, mmegharị Nahal dị ka ndị Israel na-emepụta n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka dara. Steven Carol, onye ọkà mmụta iwu mba ọzọ na Nahal na-ekwu na nnwale nke East Africa emeghị mkpụrụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ntorobịa ahụ amaghị akwụkwọ ma n'adịghị ka ndị Israel "ha enweghị onye iro doro anya, ma ọ bụ ndị na-eyi ọha egwu gafere ókèala".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bishku|first=Michael B.|date=2017|title=Israel's Relations with the East African States of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania—From Independence to the Present|journal=Israel Studies|volume=22|issue=1|pages=76–100|doi=10.2979/israelstudies.22.1.04|issn=1084-9513}}</ref> Site na ọrụ NYS dara, ndị Israel tụgharịrị ugbu a n'ịzụ ndị Kenya n'ọhịa nzuzo na nchekwa. Ka oge na-aga, ndị China weghaara ego ahụ ma webata ọzụzụ tupu mahadum nke e mechara hapụ. Ka a ghara ịhapụ ha, ndị Ịtali nyere aka guzobe ọrụ Nyayo-bus nke dara ọzọ. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, NYS aghaghị ịkọwa onwe ya iji bie ndụ nke ya mgbe ihe nlereanya Israel dara. Onye nduzi mbụ, Geoffrey Griffin, onye na-ahụ maka ịdọ aka ná ntị nke ọma duziri nzukọ ahụ n'ime afọ ndị mbụ ọgba aghara ruo nkwụsi ike (1964-1988). NYS nọgidere bụrụ ngalaba gọọmentị na-amaghị ama na nke na-enye obere ego ruo ọtụtụ afọ ruo na afọ puku abụọ na iri na atọ mgbe onye isi ala Uhuru Kenyatta kpebiri ime ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ maka inye ndị ntorobịa ikike. E jiri otu puku pecenti mụbaa mmefu ego NYS na afọ puku abụọ na iri na anọ. Mana enwere nsogbu; nzukọ ahụ nwere oke ikike mmadụ iji jikwaa nnukwu mmefu ego ma ọ bụ ikike teknụzụ iji rụọ ọrụ ọ na-azọrọ na ọ nwere ike ime. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị NYS nwere agụmakwụkwọ pere mpe, ahụmịhe pere mpe na àgwà omume ọma na-adịghị mma iji jikwaa nnukwu mmefu ego. N'otu aka ahụ, nzukọ ahụ aghọwo ihe na-enweghị isi n'ihi agha ya mere na-egbochi ịza ajụjụ n'ime ụlọ na ọkachamara. Ihe sochiri bụ iji nnukwu ego eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na nnukwu mmebi nke ego ọha na eze. Iji dozie ihe ịma aka ndị a, gọọmentị malitere njem mgbanwe na NYS nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịnagide nsogbu iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, iwulite ikike na ime ka nzukọ ahụ bụrụ ọkachamara. E mere NYS ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị nwere kansụl iji mee ihe ya. == Ndị otu NYS kansụl == # Maj. Gen (Rtd) Njuki Mwaniki - Onye isi oche # Matilda Pamela Aleyo Sakwa - Onye isi nchịkwa # Maj.Gen Fatuma Ahmed - Onye nnọchi anya ndị agha nchekwa Kenya # Vincent Ombaka # Ali Sahal Idris # Adhan Nuri Berhe # David Murithi Githendu # Dr. Nkatha Gichuiya # (''Onye nnọchi anya Treasury '') # ''(Onye nnọchi anya si Ministry of Interior )'' # ''(Onye nnọchiteanya sitere na ozi na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ndị ntorobịa)'' == Ebemsidee == == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] r12825ozmap00clpqbigvrktzs18qnl 0 20624 655928 588817 2026-06-16T20:50:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Murabitat (''ndị na-agbachitere okwukwe'', ndị siri ike, ma ọ bụ ndị agha) bụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Islamist nke ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba, nke alaka ugwu nke Islamic Movement na Israel kwadoro. <ref name="Telegraph">{{Cite news|title=Hardline Israelis anger Palestinians by trying to reclaim prayer rights at Jerusalem's most famous holy site|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/11328893/Hardline-Israelis-anger-Palestinians-by-trying-to-reclaim-prayer-rights-at-Jerusalems-most-famous-holy-site.html|publisher=The Telegraph|date=January 7, 2015}}</ref><ref name="AlMonitor" />{{Cite news|title=Al-Aqsa's women resist|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/women-protect-al-aqsa-mosque-jerusalem-radical-jews.html#|publisher=Al Monitor|date=October 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hadid" />{{Cite news|author=Hadid|first=Diaa|title=Israel Bans 2 Muslim Groups That Protest at Jerusalem Holy Site|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/10/world/middleeast/temple-mount-noble-sancutary-protesters.html?_r=0|accessdate=10 September 2015|work=New York Times|date=9 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="CohenMourabitat" />{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Gili|title=Israel Bans Two Muslim Activist Groups From Temple Mount|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.675329|accessdate=10 September 2015|date=9 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="WafaProtesting">{{Cite news|title=Foreign Ministry Condemns Calls to Ban Protesting Palestinians' Entry to Al-Aqsa Mosque|url=http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=29152|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=[[Wafa]]|date=24 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="CohenMourabitat" /><ref name="HarkovCongressmen" />{{Cite news|author=Harkov|first=Lahav|title=Arabs harass US congressmen during visit to Temple Mount|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Exclusive-Muslims-harass-Congressmen-visiting-Temple-Mount-411782|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Miller" />{{Cite news|title=At Temple Mount gate, banned Muslim activists vent their anger|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/at-temple-mount-gate-banned-muslim-activists-vent-their-anger/|publisher=Times of Israel|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>Ìgwè ahụ na-ahazi klas na Al-Aqsa na agụmakwụkwọ [[Arabic]] na ''qira'at'' na ''tajweed'' na recitation kor'an. Ndị otu ahụ enyochala nleta ndị Juu gara n'ogige Al-Aqsa na mgbalị ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-ekpe ekpere ndị Juu, nke, dịka ọnọdụ dị, ndị ọchịchị Israel na Jọdan ekweghị. <ref name="CohenMourabitat">{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Gili|title=Israel Bans Two Muslim Activist Groups From Temple Mount|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.675329|accessdate=10 September 2015|date=9 September 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCohen2015">Cohen, Gili (9 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150919005206/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.675329 "Israel Bans Two Muslim Activist Groups From Temple Mount"]. Haaretz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Hadid">{{Cite news|author=Hadid|first=Diaa|title=Israel Bans 2 Muslim Groups That Protest at Jerusalem Holy Site|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/10/world/middleeast/temple-mount-noble-sancutary-protesters.html?_r=0|accessdate=10 September 2015|work=New York Times|date=9 September 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHadid2015">Hadid, Diaa (9 September 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/10/world/middleeast/temple-mount-noble-sancutary-protesters.html?_r=0 "Israel Bans 2 Muslim Groups That Protest at Jerusalem Holy Site"]. ''New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Gonen">{{Cite book|author=Gonen|first=Rivka|title=Contested holiness : Jewish, Muslim, and Christian perspectives on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem|date=2003|publisher=KTAV|location=Jersey City (N. J.)|isbn=9780881257984|pages=[https://archive.org/details/contestedholines00rivk/page/149 149]-155|url=https://archive.org/details/contestedholines00rivk}}</ref>Ndị otu ahụ emebiwo ọtụtụ mgbalị dị otú ahụ site n'ịkparị, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-awakpo ndị otu ndị Juu. <ref name="AlMonitor">{{Cite news|title=Al-Aqsa's women resist|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/women-protect-al-aqsa-mosque-jerusalem-radical-jews.html#|publisher=Al Monitor|date=October 27, 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/women-protect-al-aqsa-mosque-jerusalem-radical-jews.html# "Al-Aqsa's women resist"]. Al Monitor. October 27, 2014.</cite></ref><ref name="CohenMourabitat" /><ref name="Miller">{{Cite news|title=At Temple Mount gate, banned Muslim activists vent their anger|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/at-temple-mount-gate-banned-muslim-activists-vent-their-anger/|publisher=Times of Israel|date=September 3, 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.timesofisrael.com/at-temple-mount-gate-banned-muslim-activists-vent-their-anger/ "At Temple Mount gate, banned Muslim activists vent their anger"]. Times of Israel. September 3, 2015.</cite></ref><ref name="CohenMourabitat" />Israel agbalịwokwa igbochi ndị otu ahụ ịbanye na Al-Aqsa.<ref name="HarkovCongressmen">{{Cite news|author=Harkov|first=Lahav|title=Arabs harass US congressmen during visit to Temple Mount|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Exclusive-Muslims-harass-Congressmen-visiting-Temple-Mount-411782|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=11 August 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHarkov2015">Harkov, Lahav (11 August 2015). [http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Exclusive-Muslims-harass-Congressmen-visiting-Temple-Mount-411782 "Arabs harass US congressmen during visit to Temple Mount"]. Jerusalem Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Miller" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Òtù ndị yiri ya, Murabiton maka ụmụ nwoke na Murabitat maka ụmụ nwanyị, bụ nke alaka ugwu nke otu Islamist, Islamic Movement in Israel mepụtara n'afọ 2012. <ref name="CohenMourabitat"/><ref name="Hadid"/>Dị ka Haaretz si kwuo, ebumnuche ha bụ "ịkpagbu ndị Juu na-eleta Ugwu Ụlọ Nsọ." Ìgwè ndị ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala kwa ụbọchị n'etiti obodo ndị Arab gụnyere Umm al-Fahm na Tayibe), nke a na-akpọ Triangle, yana site na Negev na Galili gaa n'Ugwu Ụlọ Nsọ .<ref name="CohenMourabitat" /><ref name="CohenMourabitat" /> Dị ka ndị ọrụ nchekwa Israel si kwuo, tupu a machibido ìgwè ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị iwu ma mechie ọfịs nke NGO na-akwado ha, a na-akwụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe 3,000-4,000 shekel ($ 771- $ 1,028) kwa ọnwa, na ụfọdụ n'ime ego na-abịa site na Gulf States.<ref name="CohenMourabitat"/> == Ihe omume == Dị ka Christian Broadcasting Network si kwuo, a na-akwụ ụmụ nwanyị ahụ ụgwọ maka ịkpasu ndị ọbịa nwanyị na Temple Mount ọbụna mgbe ha yi uwe dị ala.<ref name="Barrow" />{{Cite news|author=Barrow|first=Tzippe|title=Muslims Harass US Congressmen on Temple Mount|url=http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2015/August/Congressmen-Harassed-on-the-Temple-Mount/|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=[[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN]]|date=12 August 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, n'afọ 2015, ụmụ nwanyị ahụ kpagburu otu ndị na-eleta ndị otu United States Congress, gụnyere Rep. Evan Jenkins, Rep. Trent Franks, Rep. Keith Rothfus na nwunye Maazị Jenkins. <ref name="Barrow">{{Cite news|author=Barrow|first=Tzippe|title=Muslims Harass US Congressmen on Temple Mount|url=http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2015/August/Congressmen-Harassed-on-the-Temple-Mount/|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=[[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN]]|date=12 August 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBarrow2015">Barrow, Tzippe (12 August 2015). [http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2015/August/Congressmen-Harassed-on-the-Temple-Mount/ "Muslims Harass US Congressmen on Temple Mount"]. [[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Fields">{{Cite news|author=Fields|first=Ben|title=Back in US, Jenkins recounts Israel temple incident|url=http://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/back-in-us-jenkins-recounts-israel-temple-incident/article_be91a2cb-2867-58c7-9ecc-4edb50510669.html|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=Herald Dispatch|date=13 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="HarkovCongressmen"/>Onye omeiwu Jenkins kọwara onwe ya dị ka onye, "nke oke enweghị nnwere onwe na àgwà esemokwu na ụzọ na omume" nke otu ahụ."Ọ kọwara omume nke ndị Alakụba n'Ugwu Ụlọ Nsọ n'ụbọchị ahụ dị ka "ihe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ".<ref name="Fields" /><ref name="HarkovCongressmen" /> Moshe Ya'alon, Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa, ekwuola na omume ndị otu ahụ na-eduga, "na ime ihe ike nke nwere ike imerụ ndụ mmadụ".<ref name="CohenMourabitat"/> == E kwupụtara na iwu na-akwadoghị == N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2015, Minista Nchebe Ọha nke Israel, Gilad Erdan, machibidoro ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'oge nleta ụtụtụ. <ref name="Miller"/>Na mbido, Njikọ Arab katọrọ atụmatụ ịmachibido otu ahụ iwu. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Arab League slams Israel's attempts to ban Aqsa Mosque society|url=http://english.palinfo.com/site/pages/details.aspx?itemid=73278|publisher=Palestinian Information Center|date=August 28, 2015}}</ref>Na Septemba 8, 2015, Minista Nchebe Moshe Ya'alon bịanyere aka n'iwu nke kwupụtara otu Murabitat dị ka nzukọ iwu na-akwadoghị.<ref name="A7">{{Cite news|title=Defense Minister Outlaws Temple Mount Screamers|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/200493#.VfEb9tJVhBc|publisher=Arutz 7|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="CohenMourabitat"/> Sheikh Azzam al-Khatib, onye isi nke Jerusalem Islamic Waqf nke na-elekọta Ugwu Ụlọ Nsọ, kpọrọ mkpebi ahụ, "ihe a na-anabataghị kpamkpam", na-ekwusi ike na gọọmentị Israel enweghị "ikike" itinye aka.<ref name="WaqfStatement">{{Cite news|title=Israel outlaws Palestinian groups at Aqsa compound|url=http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?ID=767533|accessdate=11 September 2015|publisher=[[Ma'an News Agency]]|date=9 September 2015}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/al-aqsa-mosque-jerusalem-360-degrees-tour-4k-video/the-protectors-of-al-aqsa-jerusalem.html Ònye bụ ndị na-elekọta al-Aqsa?][Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [https://www.972mag.com/meet-the-outlawed-women-of-israels-islamic-movement/ Zute ụmụ nwanyị a machibidoro iwu nke Israel's Islamic Movement], Jenụwarị 16, 2016, Samah Salaime, +972 Magazine. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Temple Mount}} d0ahjqoyqfje8ia0c3eczb7s2akg0l7 0 22240 655931 195635 2026-06-16T22:35:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mildred Fahrni''' (1900-1992) bụ onye Canada na-ahụ maka udo na Socialist, onye ghọrọ enyi Gandhi na [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) na Fellowship of Reconciliation . Fahrni megidere [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] na xenophobia nke dugara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị Japan na Canada na ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụaka Dukhobor. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Amụrụ Mildred Osterhout n'ime ime obodo Manitoba n'ụbọchị 2 Jenụwarị 1900 na Reverend Abram na Hattie Osterhout. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara British Columbia n'afọ 1914.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)">{{Cite journal|author=Pitsula|first=James M.|title=Reviewed Work: No Plaster Saint: The Life of Mildred Osterhout Fahrni by Nancy Knickerbocker|journal=Labour / Le Travail|date=Spring 2003|volume=51|pages=282–284|doi=10.2307/25149348}}</ref> N'etiti afọ 1919 ruo n'afọ 1923 ọ gara Mahadum nke British Columbia (UBC), nweta Bachelor of Arts na Bekee na nkà ihe ọmụma. Ọ gara n'ihu mezue Master's na Philosophy n'afọ 1923, kwa na UBC. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Osterhout malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ maka alaka Vancouver nke YMCA na Canadian Memorial Church (CMC), mana meriri agụmakwụkwọ na Bryn Mawr College, n'afọ 1930 ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="brief bio">{{Cite web|title=Mildred Fahrni fonds|url=http://webcat1.library.ubc.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=3157057|work=The University of British Columbia|publisher=The University of British Columbia|accessdate=21 July 2015|archivedate=15 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015194429/http://webcat1.library.ubc.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=3157057}}</ref> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], ọ zutere Muriel Lester ma kpọọ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ọnwa isii na Kingsley Hall na [[London]]. N'ụzọ doro anya, mbata Osterhout na London kwekọrọ na Nzukọ Round Table na nnwere onwe India. Mahatma Gandhi, onye na-aga nzukọ ahụ, nọkwa na Kingsley Hall, na nzukọ ya na ya, gbanwere ụzọ ndụ Osterhout.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)" /> Ọ laghachiri Canada n'afọ 1933 wee malite ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ gara Nzukọ Njikọ Commonwealth Federation na Regina, nke guzobere otu ahụ ma malite Regina Manifesto.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)"/><ref name="Regina Manifesto">{{Cite web|title=The Regina Manifesto (1933) Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Programme|url=http://www.socialisthistory.ca/Docs/CCF/ReginaManifesto.htm|work=Socialist History|publisher=Socialist History|accessdate=6 July 2015|date=July 1933}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọsọ maka ọfịs gọọmentị etiti na ntuli aka 1933 na 1938 na tiketi CCF, na-efunahụ ugboro abụọ ahụ, na-ekpebi mgbe ọ nwụsịrị nke abụọ ileta Gandhi na India. Mgbe nleta ya gasịrị, ọ laghachiri Canada, were ọrụ nkuzi na Carleton Elementary School n'afọ 1939 ma lekọta nna ya na-arịa ọrịa, onye nwụrụ na afọ 1940.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)" /><ref name="brief bio"/><ref name="Pitsula (2003)" /> N'afọ 1941, Osterhout lụrụ Walter Fahrni wee malite njem nleta gafee Canada na-akụzi banyere udo na mmegide megide itinye aka Canada na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.<ref name="brief bio" /><ref name="Howard (2011)">{{Cite book|author=Howard|first=Irene|title=The Struggle for Social Justice in British Columbia: Helena Gutteridge, the Unknown Reformer|date=2011|publisher=UBC Press|location=Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada|isbn=978-0-774-84287-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiiG1GllqHoC&pg=PA251|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye na-egbochi itinye aka na imegide xenophobia nke gọọmentị, Fahrni wepụtara onwe ya ịkụzi n'akwụghị ụgwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na New Denver na ndị Japan Canada.<ref name="Cohn (1986)">{{Cite journal|author=Cohn|first=Werner|title=Persecution of Japanese Canadians and the Political Left in British Columbia December 1941 - March 1942|journal=BC Studies|date=Winter 1985–1986|issue=68|pages=3–22|url=http://www.wernercohn.com/Japanese.html|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> N'ime afọ 1940 na 1950, Mildred gara mba ụwa maka ihe ndị na-eme udo. Ọ gara nzukọ ntọala nke United Nations na 1945 wee gaa na 1947 Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres nke emere na Guatemala City dị ka onye nnọchi anya Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).<ref name="Pitsula (2003)"/><ref name="Flores Asturias">{{Cite web|author=Flores Asturias|first=Ricardo|title=Las Mujeres no Votan Porque Sí: Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres, 1947|url=http://politicaysentidocomun.blogspot.com/2011/06/las-mujeres-no-votan-porque-si-congreso.html|work=Politica y Sentido Comun|publisher=Ricardo Flores Asturias|accessdate=19 June 2015|language=Spanish|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> Na mbido 1947, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke alaka Vancouver nke WILPF mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na 1948 mgbe ọ kwagara Toronto iji nabata ọkwa dị ka odeakwụkwọ mba nke Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR).<ref name="Howard (2011)"/> Mgbe afọ ise gasịrị, ọ kwagara Vancouver, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ ọdịda anyanwụ maka FOR.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)" /> N'afọ sochirinụ, 1949, Fahrni gara India, iji sonye na Nzukọ Ndị Pacifist Ụwa.<ref name="Brittain (1964)">{{Cite journal|author=Brittain|first=Vera|title=The Commonwealth Story|journal=The Rebel Passion|date=1964|pages=134–137|url=http://ifor-mir.ch/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/The-Rebel-Passion.pdf|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha na-ekwu maka isiokwu ndị na-abụghị ime ihe ike, ịda ogbenye, na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya yana ibipụta isiokwu gbasara isiokwu ndị ahụ.<ref name="brief bio"/> N'afọ 1950, o dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ maka Doukhobor Inquirer ma nwee ọmịiko maka mkpagbu ha.<ref name="Doukhobor Inquirer">{{Cite web|title=The Inquirer — 1954 to 1958|url=http://www.spirit-wrestlers.com/Inquirer/|work=Spirit-wrestlers|publisher=Spirit-wrestlers|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 1953 na 1959, gọọmentị Canada tinyere ụmụaka Doukhobor n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi dị na New Denver<ref name="internment Doukhobors">{{Cite journal|author=Brant Castellano|first=Marlene|title=Doukhobors|journal=From Truth to Reconciliation Transforming the Legacy of Residential Schools|date=2008|pages=240–241|url=http://www.ahf.ca/downloads/from-truth-to-reconciliation-transforming-the-legacy-of-residential-schools.pdf|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> na Fahrni nyekwara ya ọrụ nkuzi ọzọ.<ref name="Teaching Doukhobor">{{Cite journal|author=Tarasoff|first=Koozma|title=The Quaker / Doukhobor Connection|journal=The Canadian Friend|date=May 2010|volume=106|issue=2|url=http://quaker.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/CF.V106.2.pdf|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 1955, Fahrni gara njem dị ka onye nnọchi anya Fellowship of Reconciliation na Montgomery, Alabama iji sonye na mkpagbu bọs Montgomery.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)"/> Onye na-enwe mmasị na [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]. n'ihi njikọ ya na Gandhi, ha ghọrọ ndị enyi ma na-edegara akwụkwọ ozi gbasara nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na pacifism ruo ọtụtụ afọ.<ref name="Brittain (1964)"/> Di ya nwụrụ na 1958 ma Fahrni gbazitere ndị bi na ụmụ akwụkwọ ọnụ ụlọ, na-ebi n'ụdị obodo. N'agbata afọ 1963 na afọ 1979, ọ nọrọ n'oge oyi na Casa de los Amigos nke Quakers na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] City, na-arụ ọrụ obodo.<ref name="Pitsula (2003)" /> Site na 1970 gaa n'ihu, Fahrni jere ozi dị ka onye ọbịa maka Servas, otu udo mba ụwa, nke na-eji njem na ezinụlọ na-elekọta ya iji kwalite udo. Ya na Servas mere njem site na South America. N'afọ 1991, e nyere ya onyinye udo nke Vancouver .<ref name="brief bio"/> Fahrni nwụrụ na 13 Eprel 1992 na Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.<ref name="death">{{Cite web|title=1992 Legislative Session: 1st Session, 35th Parliament (Hansard)|url=http://www.leg.bc.ca/hansard/35th1st/h0413pm.htm|work=Legislature BC|publisher=British Columbia Legislative Assembly|accessdate=21 July 2015|date=13 April 1992|archivedate=21 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721173501/http://www.leg.bc.ca/hansard/35th1st/h0413pm.htm}}</ref> == Ebenside == sj2tutiib9qyzgtuw45kt0ot0h3y6n6 0 29720 655977 540806 2026-06-17T07:56:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655977 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |Conservation International | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:CIlogo.svg|200x200px|Source: Conservation International, Owner: Conservation InternationalOriginal Designer: Chermayeff & Geismar]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founded | class="infobox-data note" |1987<span class="noprint">&#x3B;&#x20;36&nbsp;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1987</span>)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Lewis Bee and [[Peter Seligmann]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Focus | class="infobox-data" |climate change, marine conservation, sustainable development, conservation science, conservation finance |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Location | class="infobox-data label" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Arlington, Virginia, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Ndị isi</div> | class="infobox-data" |<div class="plainlist"> * M. Sanjayan, Ph.D. (CEO) * Sebastian Troeng, Ph.D. (Onye isi oche nke Conservation Partnerships) * Daniela Raik, Ph.D. (Executive Vice President Field Programs) * Peter Seligmann (Onye isi oche nke Board) * Wes Bush (Onye isi oche Kọmitii) * Harrison Ford (onye osote oche) </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Ego a na-enweta </div> | class="infobox-data" |Ụgwọ ọrụ 2020: $ 163 nde<ref name="2018 financial report"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="188">[https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report "2020 Annual Report"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="189">Conservation International<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="190"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-17</span></span>.</span></cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Ndị ọrụ </div> | class="infobox-data" |1,000 na mba 28 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.conservation.org www.conservation.org]</span> |} Conservation International ('''CI''') bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru nke America nke nwere isi na Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia.<ref name="aboutus">{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.conservation.org/about|accessdate=2021-08-24|publisher=Conservation International|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about|archivedate=2019-08-06}}</ref> Ọrụ CI lekwasịrị anya na sayensị, amụma na mmekorita ya na azụmaahịa, gọọmentị na obodo. Nzukọ a na-ewe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 1,000 ma soro ihe karịrị ndị mmekọ 2,000 na mba 29 na-arụ ọrụ. CI enyerela aka ịkwado mpaghara 1,200 echekwara na ntinye aka na mba 77, na-echebe ihe karịrị nde 6 square kilomita (2.3 nde square kilomita) nke ala na oke osimiri. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere Conservation International na 1987 na ebumnuche nke ichebe okike maka abamuru nke ndị mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-seligmann/disconnection-from-nature_b_1435769.html|title=Huffington Post post by Peter Seligmann|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=19 April 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 1989, CI raara onwe ya nye ichebe ebe dị iche iche dị iche iche, n'ikpeazụ chọpụta ebe dị ichelekana dị otú ahụ 36 gburugburu ụwa ma nye aka na nchebe ha. Ihe nlereanya nke ichebe ebe ọkụ ghọrọ ụzọ dị mkpa maka òtù iji rụọ ọrụ nchekwa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Roach, John|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0202_050202_hotspots.html|title=Conservationists Name Nine New "Biodiversity Hotspots"|publisher=National Geographic|accessdate=2012-02-03}}</ref> Na Julaị 1, 2017, Peter Seligmann ahụmahụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke CI ma kwupụta otu ndị isi ọhụrụ nke ndị isi CI m. A na-aju onye ọrịa mgbaàmà na-ahụ maka nchekwa M. Sanjayan dị ka onye isi ọrụ. Sebastian Troeng bụ osote onye isi oche nke nchekwa, na Daniela Raik bụ osote Oga oche nke mmemme mpaghara. Peter Seligmann ka bụ Louis oche nke bọọdụ ahụ. === Uto na mgbanwe nke ọrụ === Ndị isi nke ahụ ahụ tolitere ikwere na ilekọta anya na nchekwa nke ụdị dị iche iche ezughi iji chebe okike na ndị dabere na ya. CI mezi ọrụ ya na 2008 iji le Konto anya na njikọ dị n'etiti mmadụ na usoro okike. ahụ ahụ, anụ ahụ agbasawo ọrụ ya na ilekọta anya na nchekwa mmiri mmiri; nrọ; ego nchekwa; na Bill ya na ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ na ụmụ amaala na obodo. Na FY2020, mmefu nke CI ruru ihe karịrị US $ 154 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Annual Report|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report|accessdate=2021-08-24|publisher=Conservation International|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report|archivedate=2019-08-06}}</ref> CI na-enweta ọkwa dị elu site n'aka òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ebere, yana ọkwa A site na Charity Watch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charitywatch.org/ratings-and-metrics/conservation-international-foundation/246|title=Conservation International|publisher=Charity Watch|accessdate=2015-09-12}}</ref> Charity Navigator nyere CI akara 100% maka ịza ajụjụ na nghọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Conservation International|url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3562#.VvAPMRg7Tsx|accessdate=2021-08-24|publisher=Charity Navigator|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804080018/http://www.charitynavigator.org:80/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3562|archivedate=2007-08-04}}</ref> == Ụzọ e si echekwa ihe == Ntọala nke ọrụ CI bụ "sayensị, mmekorita na ngosipụta ubi". Òtù ahụ nwere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị ọrụ iwu na ndị ọzọ na-echekwa ihe n'ala n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba 30. Ọ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ puku ndị mmekọ mpaghara.<ref name="2014annualreport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.conservation.org/publications/documents/CI_FY14_AnnualReport.pdf|title=Conservation International Annual Report 2014|publisher=Conservation International|accessdate=2016-03-21|archivedate=2016-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014252/http://www.conservation.org/publications/documents/CI_FY14_AnnualReport.pdf}}</ref> CI na-elekwasị anya na atụmatụ anọ: ichebe okike maka ihu igwe; nchekwa oké osimiri n'ogo; ịkwalite mmepe akụ na ụba dabere na okike; na ihe ọhụrụ na sayensị na ego.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.conservation.org/about|title=About Conservation International|work=www.conservation.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-04}}</ref> CI na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọrụ, mahadum, NGO na ngalaba onwe onye na-egosi nkeghachi ihe ịga nke ọma ya n'ụzọ ka ukwuu. Site n'igosi etu nchekwa nwere ike isi ọrụ ọrụ n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ niile, CI na-ezube ime ka kre nke okike bụ ihe dị mkpa na ngwa na-arụ gburugburu ụwa. ọmụmaatụ, site ndị na-eso ụzọ ya na ụzọ na obodo dị n'Ụwa oké osimiri, CI ,abụla aka ichebe ihe, square kilomita 5 (13 nde square kilomita) nke mpaghara osimiri ma na-emeziwanye njikwa azụ na-adịgide adịgide na iweghachi. mangroves, nke na-Brịbarị nke ugwu ihu igwe. Blue Nature Alliance, zuru ụwa ọnụ nke CI na ndị mmekọ akụkọ na 2020, na-ezube ichebe nde square kilomita 18 ọzọ (7 nde square mile) nke mpaghara oke osimiri. ika ahụ anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ike ụka United Nations okwu ndị dị ka iwu ihu igwe na ụdị dị iche iche, na ndị na-achị chọkọrọ ya nọ na ihe na ogbako mba ụwa. N'otu akwụkwọ, mgbasa ozi nke Conservation International so n'ime ndị mgbasa ozi akọwa nchekwa ọlụ na US, na n'ihu mahadum ihu elu na NGO ndị ọzọ. Ruo ugbu a, Conservation International Conservation International ihe mgbaàmà 1,100, isiokwu ndị na-alụ ụgbọ achọpụtara, ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Science, Nature, na Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Conservation International na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama n'ụwa iji Belarus ha na gburugburu ebe obibi ma kwado nkwado nke okike. CI na-arụkọ ọrụ na Starbucks, Walmart, P&G na Apple, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2020, CI ?bụrụ sababi na Mastercard na World Resources Institute (WRI) iji kwado Priceless Planet Coalition na amụ ya iweghachi 100 nde osisi n'oké dị oke egwu gburugburu ụwa. == Nkatọ == A katọrọ CI maka njikọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka BP, Cargill, Chevron, Monsanto na Shell.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220730065941/http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/877241/conservation_international_agreed_to_greenwash_arms_company.html Conservation International 'agreed to greenwash arms company'].</ref><ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/wrong-kind-green The Wrong Kind of Green]. </ref> CI agbachitere ọrụ ya na ngalaba onwe, na-ekwu na mgbanwe chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere nnukwu mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-seligmann/conservation-international-lockheed-martin_b_863876.html|title=Partnerships for the Planet: Why We Must Engage Corporations|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=19 May 2011}}</ref> Akụkọ 2008 na The Nation kwuru na nzukọ ahụ dọtara $ 6 nde maka nchekwa mmiri na Papua New Guinea, mana na ejiri ego ahụ mee ihe maka "ihe karịrị ọfịs mara mma na njem klas mbụ".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dowie|first=Mark|title=Wrong Path to Conservation in Papua New Guinea {{!}} The Nation|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/wrong-path-conservation-papua-new-guinea/|accessdate=4 September 2018|publisher=The Nation}}</ref> CI ekwuola na ọrụ ya na Papua New Guinea, na-azọrọ na ha enyewo aka na nchọpụta sayensị ọhụrụ na nguzobe ebe nchekwa ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/community-driven-conservation-papua-new-guinea.aspx|title=Community-Driven Conservation in Papua New Guinea|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2018-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904153906/https://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/community-driven-conservation-papua-new-guinea.aspx}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2016, CI anaghịzi arụ ọrụ na Papua New Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Papua New Guinea, protection of nature hinges on local support|url=https://www.conservation.org/blog/in-papua-new-guinea-protection-of-nature-hinges-on-local-support|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org|archivedate=2021-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824212308/https://www.conservation.org/blog/in-papua-new-guinea-protection-of-nature-hinges-on-local-support}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, otu ndị nta akụkọ si Don't Panic TV lekwasịrị Conservation International anya bụ ndị mere ka ụlọ ọrụ America bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ebere ahụ nwere ike "ịkwalite ndụ ndụ ha". Nhọrọ ndị mmadụ anya Conservation International (CI) depụtara inye aka na mbọ PR nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ịbụ onye otu ihe iji kaadị, na nchịkọta nkwado ebe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ike ike ego iji njikwa ijikọta ya na ọrụ nchekwa. Conservation International enyemaka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aka "ihe nkedo dị n'ihe ize ndụ". Ihe nkiri na-egosi onye ọrụ Conservation International na-atụ aro ngwaahịa na-eri anụ na North Africa dị ka ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe nkedo maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. CI na-ekwu na edezi ihe ndị a na-ahụ nke ọma iji ihe ndị ga-eme ka CI dị mma, mgbe ha na-eji ndị ọzọ nke vidiyo ahụ na-azụ ihe gbara ya gburugburu iji see foto na- eso ezi na nke na-agha ezu nke ọrụ CI na ngalaba onwe. N'ọnọ Mee na June afọ 2013, Survival International kọrọ na a na-eyi otu ụdị Bushman dị na Botswana egwu pụpụ ha n'ala nna ha iji jide ụzọ anụ anụ a maara dị ka Western Kgalagadi Conservation Corridor. Onye ọrịa anya Botswana gọnahụrụ nke a. Mgbasa ozi nke Mee site na CI kwuru, "N'adịghị ka ndị ndu ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Conservation International (CI) element aka na mme usoro nchekwa na Botswana 2011," ma kwuo na CI na-akwado San Bushmen na ikike ha mgbe niile. == Ịdu == === Ndị isi === * Onye isi oche: Maazị Sanjayan, Ph.D.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior Staff|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/senior-staff|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> * Onye isi oche nke Conservation Partnerships: Sebastian Troeng, Ph.D.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior Staff|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/senior-staff|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> * Onye isi oche nke Field Programs: Daniela Raik, Ph.D.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior Staff|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/senior-staff|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> * Onye isi oche nke Board: Peter Seligmann<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/board-of-directors|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> * Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Nchịkwa: Wesley G. Bush<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/board-of-directors|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> * Onye isi oche: Harrison Ford<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/board-of-directors|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> * Emeritus: ** Adam Albright ** Edward Norton<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://www.conservation.org/about/board-of-directors|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.conservation.org}}</ref> ** Ray R. Thurston === Kansụl Ndị Nchịkwa === * Onye isi oche: Katie Vogelheim * Onye isi oche: Daniel A. Shaw * Ndị otu: ** Lisa Anderson ** Sarah E. Johnson ** Nancy Morgan Ritter ** Jeff Rosenthal == Akwụkwọ == * Paint It Wild: Paint & See Activity Book (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 1) (1991), mmeghe nke Mike Roberts na Russell Mittermeier, nke Gad Meiron na Randall Stone dere, nke Donna Reynolds na Tim Racer sere * Sticker Safari: Sticker And Activity Book (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 2) (1991), mmeghe nke Mike Roberts na Russell Mittermeier, nke Gad Meiron na Randall Stone dere, nke Donna Reynolds na Tim Racer sere * Wonders In The Wild: Activity Book (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 3) (1991), mmeghe nke Mike Roberts na Russell Mittermeier, nke Gad Meiron na Randall Stone dere, nke Donna Reynolds na Tim Racer sere * Ronald McDonald na Jewel nke Alaeze Amazon: Storybook (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 4) (1991), mmeghe nke Mike Roberts na Russell Mittermeier, nke Gad Meiron na Randall Stone dere, nke Donna Reynolds na Tim Racer sere == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} * Conservation International - Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014312/http://symposium2006.conservation.org/ Nzukọ Mba Nile nke 2006 Madagascar] * N'ịgbagha Ọgwụgwụ Oké Osimiri, A Conservation International duziri Agenda for Action na nchekwa oké osimiri * Charity Navigator Nnyocha site n'aka [http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm/bay/search.summary/orgid/3562.htm onye] isi na-ahụ maka ọrụ ebere n'onwe ya na America * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpiSXsHdNr4 Vidio Youtube] Al Gore na-akọwa mkpa ọ dị ime ihe na mgbanwe ihu igwe * Deep Sea Conservation Coalition - [http://www.savethehighseas.org/ Njikọ] nke 60+ òtù mba ụwa na-arụ ọrụ maka nchekwa dị iche iche na oké osimiri. * Reserva Ecologica Pachijal - Mgbalị Nchekwa na Cloudforest nke Mindo-Ecuador {{Conservation organisations}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0wbrat0etsf1ucumlg12t01xfrtceie 0 34303 655952 179931 2026-06-17T00:49:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Peanut_milk.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmiri ara ehi]] '''Mmiri ara ehi''' ahụekere bụ mmiri ara ehi, osisi nke bụ Ihe ozo na mmiri ara ehi anụmanụ. A na eji ahuekere, mmiri na mgbe ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka nnu, shuga, ma ọ bụ sinamọn eme ya.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mmiri ara ehi dị elu na abụba na protein ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmiri ara ehi ndị ọzọ sitere na osisi. Mmiri ara ehi a na-eji mgbe ụfọdụ site n'aka ndị na-akọwa na [[lactose]]_intolerance" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance, veganism, ma ọ bụ nri na-enweghị casein, ebe ọ na-enweghị lactose, mana ọ na-agụnye uru na-edozi ahụ dị ka ịdị elu na magnesium, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Peanut Milk Benefits|url=https://www.livestrong.com/article/548205-peanut-milk-benefits/|accessdate=2022-02-12|work=LIVESTRONG.COM|language=en}}</ref> Vitamin E, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-22|title=Vitamin E|url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-E|accessdate=2022-02-12|work=Linus Pauling Institute|language=en}}</ref> Vitamin B-6, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-22|title=Vitamin B6|url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B6|accessdate=2022-02-12|work=Linus Pauling Institute|language=en}}</ref> na protein. N'ógbè ugwu nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ọ bụ ihe ọṅụṅụ a ma ama a maara dị ka '''Mmiri ara ehi'''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=quadri|first=zainab|date=2016-12-19|title=Here is how to make Groundnut milk, a vegan alternative to cow milk|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/nigerian-vegetarian-drinks-here-is-how-to-make-groundnut-milk-a-vegan-alternative-to/yk476h3|accessdate=2022-07-02|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe e mepụtara == George Washington Carver, ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị, onye na-akparita ụka na prọfesọ na mmalite 1900s, yikarịrị ka ọ bụ onye mepụtara mmiri ara ehi nke oge a. N'ibu onye nwere mmasị imata ihe na nkà dị ukwuu na kemịstri na physics a maara George mara maka chọpụta bara uru ya banyere ahụekere. Site n'iwepụ abụba, mmanụ, gums, resins na shuga nke ahụekere, ọ chọtara ọtụtụ ụzọ iji ahụekere, gụnyere mmiri ara ahụekere.<ref>{{Cite web|title=George Washington Carver: A World-Famous Scientist, Inventor and Educator {{!}} National Peanut Board|url=https://nationalpeanutboard.org/news/george-washington-carver.htm|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=nationalpeanutboard.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213234022/https://www.nationalpeanutboard.org/news/george-washington-carver.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gray|first=LaVerne|date=2011-06-14|title=The George Washington Carver Digital Collection2011243The George Washington Carver Digital Collection. URL: www.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/gwc/home.html: Iowa State University Last visited February 2011. Gratis|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504121111145591|journal=Reference Reviews|volume=25|issue=5|pages=60|doi=10.1108/09504121111145591|issn=0950-4125}}</ref> == Ọnụnọ ahịa == E nwere ndị na-emepụta mmiri ara ahụekere ole na ole, n'agbanyeghị na a na-emepụta ọka ara ehi sitere na osisi, dị ka cashew, almond, na mmiri ara osikapa. Ka mmasị nri na-agbanwe, dị ka eziokwu ahụ gosipụtara na ọchụchọ ịntanetị maka nri dị ka veganism ejirila okpukpu abụọ na United States kemgbe afọ 2015, okpukpu atọ na Australia, France, na Spain, na ihe karịrị okpukpu anọ na Sweden, ọchịchọ maka mmiri ara ehi na-abụghị mmiri ara ehi amụbaala. Ịzụta mmiri ara ehi sitere na osisi na ụlọ ahịa nri US jiri 5% rịa elu karịa afọ gara aga, na-eme ihe ruru 14% nke ngụkọta ahịa mmiri ara ehi, dị ka nyocha nke Plant Based Foods Association nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa ụlọ ahịa si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Retail Sales Data|url=https://www.plantbasedfoods.org/retail-sales-data/|accessdate=2022-02-12|work=Plant Based Foods Association|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213071959/https://www.plantbasedfoods.org/retail-sales-data/}}</ref> N'aka nke ọzọ, ire mmiri ara ehi ejirila pasent 0.1 rịa elu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Retail sales data: Plant-based meat, eggs, dairy {{!}} GFI|url=https://gfi.org/marketresearch/|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=gfi.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmepụta == Iji mee ụdị mmiri ara ahụekere, ihe ndị a dị mkpa: ahụekere, mmiri, blender na Cheesecloth. Nzọụkwụ mbụ na-agụnye itinye ahụekere n'ime ite buru ibu iji jide ha, wee tinye ahụekere n"ime mmiri ma ọ dịkarịa ala awa isii. Mgbe ahụ, nyefee ahụekere ahụ n'ime ihe na-agwakọta ma gwakọta ha ruo mgbe ha dị nro. N'ikpeazụ, nyefee ihe a gwakọtara agwakọta n'ime cheesecloth iji kpochapụ mmiri ara ahụekere, nke dị njikere ugbu a maka oriri.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=DIY Peanut Milk {{!}} National Peanut Board|url=https://nationalpeanutboard.org/news/diy-peanut-milk.htm|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=nationalpeanutboard.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213065405/https://www.nationalpeanutboard.org/news/diy-peanut-milk.htm}}</ref> Na Na Naịjirịa, a na-agwakọta mkpụrụ osisi ndị a na-akpụghị akpụ ma ọ bụ ndị a na'akpụghị akpụ akpụ ma sie ya maka nkeji ole na ole.<ref>{{Cite web|author=quadri|first=zainab|date=2016-12-30|title=This Groundnut Milk and Rice Gruel combo is the best recipe on the Internet right now|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/kunun-gyada-this-groundnut-milk-and-rice-gruel-combo-is-the-best-recipe-on-the/7jy44q8|accessdate=2022-07-02|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> A na-enye mmiri ara ehi na-ajụ oyi ma na-ajụjụ site na iji friji na ice cubes.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Peanut milk|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230008295|journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> == Nkwado == === Mkpịsị ụkwụ mmiri === Ọ bụ ezie na e meela obere nnyocha banyere nkwado nke mmiri ara ehi ahụekere n'onwe ya (n'ihi enweghị mmepụta buru ibu), enwere ozi gbasara nkwado nke ahụekere. A na-emepụta ahụekere na ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ dịka na mpaghara etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti ọdịda anyanwụ nke US.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peanut Profile|url=https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/nuts/peanut-profile|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=www.agmrc.org|language=en-us}}</ref> Peanuts ma e jiri ya tụnyere mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi kachasị mma, ebe ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka galọn mmiri 3.2 iji mepụta otu ounce nke ahụekere. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọdịdị osisi ya dị mkpirikpi na ikike ya itolite n'okpuru ala, ebe ọ na-ewe obere biomass iji rie mmiri. Osisi ahụekere ahụ na-ejikwa mmiri na-eri ruo n'ókè dị ala site na usoro osisi vaịn ya, na-enye ohere maka obere ihu igwe na-echekwa mmiri.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Peanuts are the Food of the Future. Here's why. {{!}} National Peanut Board|url=https://nationalpeanutboard.org/news/peanuts-are-food-future-heres-why.htm|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=nationalpeanutboard.org|language=en}}</ref> Ihe na-esonụ bụ eserese e sere ihe, na-egosi ojiji mmiri nke mkpụrụ osisi anọ a kacha mee ihe na America.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=New Data Confirms Peanuts are More Water Efficient Than Ever {{!}} National Peanut Board|url=https://nationalpeanutboard.org/news/new-data-confirms-peanuts-are-more-water-efficient-than-ever.htm|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=nationalpeanutboard.org|language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Ojiji mmiri<ref name=":1"/> ! !Gallons nke mmiri kwa oz !toro na |- |Almonds |28.7 |USA |- |Pistachios |23.6 |USA |- |Walnut |26.7 |USA |- |Akị bekee |3.2 |USA |} === Mkpịsị ụkwụ carbon === Ahụekere nwere ikuku carbon kacha dị ala n'etiti mkpụrụ akụ USA na ewụ ewụ, na-enye ohere maka ịkọ ugbo. Ahụekere nwekwara ihe pụrụ iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ, ebe ọ na eme ka n'ịhazi n'ala dị mmá ma na-erite uru na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ gbara ha gburugburu.<ref name=":2"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Mmiri carbon nke USA Grown Nuts <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=How Eco-Friendly Are Nuts? {{!}} Which is the Most Eco-Friendly Nut?|url=https://greenecofriend.co.uk/how-eco-friendly-are-nuts/|accessdate=2022-02-13|work=Green Eco Friend|language=en-US}}</ref> ! ! (kg CO₂-C_eqv kwa 1 kg&nbsp; !toro na |- |Almonds |3.56 |USA |- |Pistachios |0.76 |USA |- |Pecans |1.61 |USA |- |Walnut |2.00 |USA |- |Akị bekee |0.57 |USA |} == Uru nri na-edozi ahụ == Ndị na-eme nchọpụta mepụtara usoro vitamin na mineral siri ike nke uwa ọhụrụ na-eji mmiri ara ahụekere dị ka isi iyi nke protein, abụba na ume nri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kane|first=Nimsate|year=2010|title=Development of a fortified peanut‐based infant formula for recovery of severely malnourished children|journal=International Journal of Food Science and Technology|volume=45|issue=10|pages=1965–1972|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02330.x}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na e jiri ya tụnyere mmiri ara ehi ndị ọzọ sitere na osisi, mmiri ara ehi ahụekere nwere otu n'ime protein na abụba kachasị elu, na-enye ohere maka mmiri ara ehi ude. Ihe oriri macro na otu iko mmiri ara ehi gụnyere ihe ndị a: {| class="wikitable" |+Nutritional facts of peanut milk {{citation needed|date=July 2023}} !Nut milk (1 cup) |Peanut milk |- !Calories |'''150 cal''' |- !Fat |'''11 g''' |- !Protein |'''6 g''' |- !Carbs |'''6 g''' |} N'ụzọ na-ese okwu, lectins, nke a na-ahụ na soy, ahụekere, na agwa ndị ọzọ, nwere ike igbochi ịmị glucose na eriri afọ, ya mere na-emetụta oriri calorie zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chalupa-Krebzdak|first=Sebastian|date=December 2018|title=Nutrient density and nutritional value of milk and plant-based milk alternatives|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0958694618301900|journal=International Dairy Journal|language=en|volume=87|pages=84–92|doi=10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.07.018}}</ref> == Ojiji == A na-ejikarị mmiri ara ehi eme ihe dị ka ihe na-anọchi anya ihe ndị dị ka ihe oriri kọfị, ofe ara ehi, yogọt, parfait, ma ọ bụ n'onwe ya.<ref name=":0"/> == Hụkwa == * Nri * Aflatoxin * Nri Naijiria * Ahụekere == Ebenside == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] eo9a10zn7josg6kdcohxt1desdq62q2 0 34606 655954 148789 2026-06-17T01:22:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom|Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom]]'''<ref name=":8" /> ({{Lang-ar|محمد الأمين أحمد التوم}}; amụrụ Ọktoba 1941), amakwaara dika ''Muhammad Al-Amin Al-Tom '', bụ onye ọkachamara na mgbakọ na mwepụ si mba [[w:Sudanese Arab | Sudan]] na Minista n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ mgbe [[w:|Nnwogha Sudan]] gasịrị, na-eje ozi n'etiti afọ 2019 na 2022. N'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'atụmatụ dị iche iche iji kwalite agụmakwụkwọ na Sudan, gụnyere mmepe nke atụmatụ zuru oke maka ngalaba ahụ. Otú ọ dị, El-Tom na onye inyeaka ya, [[w:|Omer al-Qarray]], chere Ihe ịma mgba ihu maka ntinye nke ihe osise a ma ama [[w:|Michelangelo]] sere, bụ [[w:|The Creation of Adam]], n'akwụkwọ ọgụgụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Sudan. Mkpebi ahụ nwetara mmegide siri ike sitere n'aka ụfọdụ ndị Alakụba, bụ ndị na-arụ ụka na onyinyo nke Chineke na-erute Adam na eserese ahụ ekwekọghị na nkwenkwe Islam na ekwesịghị itinye ya na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. === Mmalite Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ Ya === Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /> ka amụrụ n'Ọktoba 1941,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=109655915 |url=https://viaf.org/viaf/109655915/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=viaf.org |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192428/https://viaf.org/viaf/109655915/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISNI 0000000081750874 El-Tom, M. E. A. ( 1941- ) |url=https://isni.oclc.org/xslt/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN:0000%200000%208175%200874&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1545127d-9b,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R208.80.154.29,FY |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=isni.oclc.org |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325231245/https://isni.oclc.org/xslt/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN:0000%200000%208175%200874&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1545127d-9b,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R208.80.154.29,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.187,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.187,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.246,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.246,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.188,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.246,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.233.121,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.187,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.233.121,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.158,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.157,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.235.134,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.160,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.235.134,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.95,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.35,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.35,FY |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-15 |archivedate=2023-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325231245/https://isni.oclc.org/xslt/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN:0000%200000%208175%200874&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1545127d-9b,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R208.80.154.29,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.187,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.187,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.246,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.246,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.188,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.246,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.233.121,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.187,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,Eb48da086-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.233.121,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.158,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.157,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.235.134,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.160,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.235.134,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.225.95,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.35,FY&COOKIE=U51,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E1dbcf06c-3c,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R207.241.232.35,FY }}</ref> Ọ gụchara ms nweta nzere B.Sc ya n'isi ọmụmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ site na Mahadum Leeds na ọkwa mbụ ọkachamara n'afọ 1965. Nke sochiri ya bụ nzere Diploma n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Advanced Mathematics]] site na Mahadum Oxford n'afọ 1966 n'ewere ihe ọmụmụ site na [[w:Numerical Analysis|Ntule Ọnụ ọgụgụ]], [[w:Functional analysis|Functional Analysis]], [[w:Group Theory|Group Theory]], na [[w:Commutative algebra|Commutative Algebra]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome! - The Mathematics Genealogy Project |url=https://www.mathgenealogy.org/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.mathgenealogy.org |archive-date=2020-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226031257/https://www.mathgenealogy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> O mechara mezuo ma nweta nzere DPhil ya n'afọ 1969, nke {{III|David Christopher Handscomb|lt=David Christopher Handscomb|WD=Q102274319}} na-elekọta ya .<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Mohamed El Tom - The Mathematics Genealogy Project |url=https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=89664 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.mathgenealogy.org |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192428/https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=89664 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgiTQUcE21UC&dq=%22Mohamed+El-Amin+Ahmed+El-Tom%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA312 |title=African Doctorates in Mathematics: A Catalogue |date=2007 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4303-1867-5 |language=en }}</ref> === Ọrụ Ya Dịka Onye Gụrụ Akwụkwọ === Mgbe o nwetachara nzere B.Sc ya, El-Tom ghọrọ ọkachamara obere na Mahadum Khartoum(1962-65). Na-esote nzere DPhil ya, ọ laghachiri dị ka onye ọkammụta dị elu n'etiti afọ 1965 na afọ 1968, ebe o nyere aka guzobe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ [[w:|Mathematical Science School]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-20 |title=محمد الأمين التوم .. رجل بقامة الوطن!! |url=https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2021/04/20/%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=صحيفة التغيير السودانية , اخبار السودان |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2021/04/20/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe emechara, ọ weere ọnọdụ dị ka onye nnyocha na Center de Calcul, [[w:Université catholique de Louvain|Mahadum Louvain]], Belgium (1968-69).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web] | aha = African Doctorates na mgbakọ na mwepụ | url=http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Africa-today/%20AllAfricanDoctorates.html | nweta-date=2023-01-02 | webụsaịtị=www.math.buffalo .edu | archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192430/http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Africa-taa/% 20AllAfricanDoctorates.html |url-status=live }}</ref> El-Tom gara n'ihu n'ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nkuzi na [[Ulster University | Mahadum Ulster]] na emesịa dị ka ọkammụta na Mahadum Columbia. Ọkachamara ya dugakwara ya n'ọrụ na [[w:CERN|European Center for Nuclear Research]] (CERN), Mahadum Qatar na Sudan Center for Educational Research. N'ikpeazụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Mahadum Garden City.<ref>{{Cite web |title=تعرٌف على ... وزير التربية والتعليم بجمهورية السودان .. محمد الأمين التوم {{!} مur | 2023-01-02 /web/20230102192432/https://arbyy.com/detail2222216137.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ọrụ Ime Nnyocha Ya === {{Scholia}} El-Tom ebipụtala ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri ise n'isiokwu [[w:|integration convergence]],<ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=el. | mbụ = Tom, M. E. A. | url = http://worldcat.org/oclc/897738184 | aha = Nchikota nke kacha mma l spline approximations | ụbọchị = 1970 | onye nkwusa = Université Catholique de Louvain. Séminaire de Mathématique Appliquée et Mécanique |oclc=897738184}}</ref> [[w:Approximation Theory|Approximations]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=G. |nke mbụ = W. | ikpeazụ2=Stroud | nke mbụ2=A. H. |date=Eprel 1973 |title=Ngụkọta Odoro anya nke Multiple Integrals |journal=Mathematics of Computation | mpịakọta=27 | mbipụta=122 | ibe=437 |doi=10.2307/2005635 |jstor=2005635 |isss=2005635 |iss }</ref> na [[w:|interpolation]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last=El Tom |first=M. A. 599X |url=http://cds.cern.ch/record/968044 }}</ref><ref>{{Kụta akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Chidume |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com /books?id=xDDsFkyCYYUC&q=%22Mohamed+El-Amin+Ahmed+El-Tom%22+-wikipedia |title=Njirimara Geometric nke Banach Spaces and Nonlinear Iterations |ụbọchị=2009-03-27 |Onye nkwusa=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-84882-189-7 |language=en }}</ref> Ọrụ ya na-elekwasịkwa anya n'ọnọdụ na ọdịnihu mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ<ref>{{Cite book | last1=Halai |first1=Anjum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmE-CwAAQBAJ&q=%22Mohamed+El-Amin+Ahmed+El-Tom%22+-wikipedia |title=Nkuzi na mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ na Klas ọtụtụ asụsụ | ikpeazụ2 = Clarkson | mbụ2 = Philip | ụbọchị = 2015-12-17 | onye nkwusa=Springer |isbn=978-94-6300-229-5 |asụsụ = en}}</ref> na nnyocha na ngalaba Mgbakọ na mwepụ na Sudan,<ref name=":8">{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=el. | nke mbụ = Tom, Mohamed El Amin Ahmed|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/914738863 |title=Higher Education in Sudan : towards a new vision for a new era |date=2006 |publisher=[Sudan Centre for Educational Research u.a.] |isbn=99942-829-2-1 |oclc=914738863 |access-date=2023-01-02 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325231302/https://worldcat.org/title/914738863 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=El Tom |first=Mohamed El Amin Ahmed |url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr203.pdf |title=Sudanese universities as sites of social transformation |year=2008 |access-date=2023-01-02 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr203.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[w:Muslim world|Mba ndị na-ekpe Alakuba]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Congress |first=The Library of |title=- LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies {{!}} Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress) |url=https://id.loc.gov/resources/works/21543646.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=id.loc.gov |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192427/https://id.loc.gov/resources/works/21543646.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Africa,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Task Force on Higher education and Society |first1= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJSfAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+El-Amin+Ahmed+El-Tom%22+-wikipedia |title=Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise |last2= |first2= |date=2000 |publisher=World Bank |isbn=978-0-8213-4630-3 |language=en}}</ref> na Mgbago úgwú America.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tor |first1=Halvorsen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VltDDgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Mohamed+El-Amin+Ahmed+El-Tom%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA237 |title=North-South Knowledge Networks Towards Equitable Collaboration Between: Academics, Donors and Universities |last2=Jorun |first2=Nossum |date=2017-02-23 |publisher=African Minds |isbn=978-1-928331-30-8 |language=en }}</ref> Na Machị 1978, El-Tom duziri ma hazie '' [[w:International Conference on Developing Mathematics in Third World Countries'', na Khartoum, na '' Ọnọdụ na Ọdịnihu nke agụmakwụkwọ ka elu na Sudan,'' na Cairo, n'afọ 1998. Ọzọkwa, o hiwere [[w:|African Institute for Mathematical Sciences]] na [[w:|Dar es Salaam]] n'afọ 2003.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Congress | first=The Library of |title=Muʼtamar Wāqiʻ wa-Mustaqbal al-Taʻlīm al-ʻĀlī fī al-Sūdān (1998: Cairo, Egypt) - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies {{!}} Library of Congress, from LC Ọrụ Data ejikọtara: Ndị ọchịchị na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ (Library of Congress) |url=https://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/nr00032382.html | nweta-date=2023-01-02 |website=id.loc.gov | Archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192431/https://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/nr00032382.html |url-status =dị ndụ }}</ref> === Minista n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ === Mgbe [[w:Sudanese Revolution|Nnwogha Sudan]] gasịrị, Kọmitii Ndị nkuzi Sudan na Northern Entity Alliance, otu n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara ''Revolutionary Front'', họpụtara El-Tom ka ọ bụrụ onye minista nke [[w:Ministry of Education (Sudan) | Ministri n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ]], n'ihi "oke ịhụ mba n'anya, ọkachamara na arụmọrụ dị elu" ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=لجنة المعلمين السودانيين ترفض إبعاد «التوم» من الوزارة بذريعة «الفحص الأمني» {{!}} شبكة صقر الجديان الإخبارية |url=https://saqraljidyanews.com/%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Saqraljidyanews |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://saqraljidyanews.com/%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditor |date=2021-02-06 |title=كيان الشمال يرشح بروفيسور محمد الأمين التوم للتربية والتعليم |url=https://www.africa-press.net/sudan/policy/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Sudan |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.africa-press.net/sudan/policy/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref> nakwa n'ihi na "Onweghi onye ka ya tozuo msks ọkwa ahụ".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-02-06 |title=ترشيح بروفيسور محمد الأمين التوم للتربية والتعليم |url=https://akhbaralsudan.com/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ad-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Akhbaralsudan |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192430/https://akhbaralsudan.com/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=staff |first=فريق التحرير |date=2021-02-06 |title=كيان الشمال يرشح بروفيسور محمد الأمين التوم للتربية والتعليم - عاجل |url=https://rakobanews.com/sudan-news/sudan-now/48611/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=الراكوبة نيوز |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192430/https://rakobanews.com/sudan-news/sudan-now/48611/ |url-status=live}}</ref> N'abalị 5 September 2019, ahọpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ .<ref>{{Cite web |title=حكومة السودان ترى النور.. سيدة على رأس الخارجية والجيش يتولى الداخلية والدفاع |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2019/9/5/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.aljazeera.net |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2019/9/5/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-05 |title=بالأسماء.. حمدوك يعلن تشكيل الحكومة السودانية |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/2019/09/05/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=العربية |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/2019/09/05/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihe Mgbanwe Ndị O Wetachara === El-Tom, n'ime Kansụl ndị Minista, bugoro agụmakwụkwọ site na nke itoolu gaa na nke abụọ na atụmatụ mkpata na mmefu ego gọọmentị, bụ nke onye minista na-ahụ maka ego pụrụ apụ onye nọ n'isi na Kansụl ahụ gosipụtara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=الديمقراطي |first=جريدة |date=2021-04-20 |title=البروفيسور محمد الأمين التوم شخصية العام |url=https://www.sudanakhbar.com/965634 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.sudanakhbar.com/965634 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=اخبار السودان |language=ar |accessdate=2023-12-19 |archivedate=2023-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.sudanakhbar.com/965634 }}</ref> O buuru ya n'isi ịhụ na enwere agụmakwụkwọ n'edfy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-01 |title=رسوم المدارس الخاصة تثير استياء الآباء وتربية الخرطوم:"التوافق هو الحل" |url=https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2020/09/01/%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%a8%d8%a7/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=صحيفة التغيير السودانية , اخبار السودان |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192431/https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2020/09/01/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7/ |url-status=live }}</ref>Site n'aka ndị na-enye onyinye, ọ na-enye dọla abụọ ($2) maka nwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla kwa afọ.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ gbalịkwara ịchekwa nri ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=خالد |first=مقداد |title="يونيسيف": 6.9 ملايين تلميذ خارج الفصول.. لماذا يتسرّب ثلث طلاب السودان من المدارس? |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/lifestyle/2022/9/22/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%88 %d8%ac%d8%af-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%ab-%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8% b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac |oghere-ụbọchị=2023-01-02 |website=www.aljazeera .net | asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102010919/https://www.aljazeera.net/lifestyle/2022/9 /22/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%af-%d8%ab%d9%84% d8%ab-%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86- %d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac |url-status=live}}</ref> El-Tom weputara iwu agụmakwụkwọ ọha na nke onwe ọhụrụ n'afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web | =الهامش |first=صوت |date=2021-06-01 |title=مجموعة مدنية تطالب باعادة محمد الأمين التوم الى منصب وزير التربية والتعليم |url/9-2ccess |url=9-2ccess - 08-17 |website=اخبار السودان |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=محمد الأمين التوم وزير التربية في فترة حكومة حمدوك في حديث : اهج وهذا ( …) ما حدث – صحيفة الصيحة |url=https://www.assayha.net/134570/ | nweta-date=2023-08-17 |asụsụ=ar}}</ref> El-Tom webatara usoro ọmụmụ ihe site n'ikuku [[w:|e-learning]], na-ejikọta ụlọ akwụkwọ niile na Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-23 |title=النهوض بالتعليم: وعي جديد |url=https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2020/08/23/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b6-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=صحيفة التغيير السودانية , اخبار السودان |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192432/https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2020/08/23/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B6-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF/ |url-status=live }}</ref> O nyekwara ọtụtụ narị ndị nkuzi ọzụzụ site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ Sudan, òtù na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo si mba ọzọ, bụ ndị nyere ọzụzụ n'asụsụ Bekee na mbụ. O mepụtara atụmatụ maka ọzụzụ n'isi ọmụmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ nyekwara ikike machibido [[Corporal punishment of children | ntaramahụhụ arụrụ arụ]] n'ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan {{!}} Ihe mmalite zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwụsị ahụhụ ụlọ ụmụaka niile |url=https://endcorporalpunishment.org/reports-on-every-state-and-territory/sudan/ | nweta-date=2023-08-17 |asụsụ=en-GB }}</ref> El-Tom tụrụ aro inye ego Nkwado nye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agbaso ogo mmụta dị ka ụzọ isi kwalite ọnụ ọgụgụ ndebanye aha kọleji wee kwe nkwa mmepụta nke ndị nkuzi akwadoro nke ọma mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=الفاروق |first=يقول |ụbọchị =2021-05-31 |title=وزارة التربية والتعليم في مهب الريح!! - النيلين |url=https://www.alnilin.com/13186213.htm | nweta-date=2023-01-02 |asụsụ = ar | Archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web/20230102192433/https://www.alnilin.com/13186213.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite webụ | date=2020-10-21 |title=محمد التوم في "بلا قيود " تسرب عدد كبير من التلميذات من مرحلة الأساس كان بسبب الجوع |url=https://www.bbc-5-8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.bbc.com/arabic/tv-and-radio-54631848 |archive-url=2023 -01-02 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=BBC News عربي |language=ar}}</ref> A na-ekwunyere ya na o mere ka ọkwa ndị nkuzi kwalite, site n'ịkwalite ụgwọ ọnwa onye nkuzi ọhụrụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ site na puku SDG atọ (3,000 SDG) ruo ihe karịrị puku SDGiri na isii (16,000 SDG) kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-10 |title=بالصورة: تواضع وزير التربية والتعليم السوداني يلهب مشاعر رواد مواقع التواصل - النيلين |url=https://www.alnilin.com/13086893.htm |access-date=2023-01-02 |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192431/https://www.alnilin.com/13086893.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> O mere atụmatụ maka owuwu [[w:|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ihe Nlereanya]], n'ihe gbasara ụlọ na ihe dị n'ime ya, nke a na-akpọ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nkà nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, bụ nke ndị na-enye onyinye mba ụwa kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 -10-05 |title=الحد الأدنى لأجور المعلمين.. الأزمة مستمرة |url=https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=159882 |nweta-date=2023-01-02 |website=صحيفي السورة asụsụ = ar |Archive-ụbọchị=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=159882 |url -status=dị ndụ |accessdate=2023-12-19 |archivedate=2023-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=159882 }}</ref> Na Maachị afọ 2020, na-esochi nkwupụta nke ọrịa ọjọọ [[w:|COVID-19]], Ministry n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ nke mba Sudan weghaara ule ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke edobere na 12 Eprel. A ga-ekwupụta ụbọchị ọhụrụ ahụ ma emechaa. N'otu nnọkọ mgbasa ozi, El-Tom kwuru na mkpebi a butere ọdịmma ụmụ akwụkwọ na ezinụlọ ha ụzọ. O kwetara na mkpebi ahụ mere na mberede na mmetụta ọ na-enwe na nkwadebe maka ule, bụ́ nke gụnyere ihe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ narị puku ise.<ref>{{Cite web}|last=Salamah.Abdulhameed |title=كورونا يؤجل امتحانات الشهادة الثانوية في السودان |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192430/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Alaraby |language=ar}}</ref> N'Ọgọst 2020, El-Tom rụrụ ụka megide imechi ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ihi ọrịa na-efe efe, na-ekwupụta na ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-akwụsị ụlọ akwụkwọ wee malite ịrụ ọrụ n'ahịa, na akụkụ buru ibu nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-echefu nkuzi ndị gara aga. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwadoro na Kọmitii Mberede Ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-18 |title=السودان: وزير التربية والتعليم يتمرد على قرار إغلاق المدارس.. عن العام الدراسي وتوقف الدراسة — تاق برس |url=https://www.tagpress.net/54847/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9 %88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8 %a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8 %b9/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192434/https://www.tagpress.net/54847/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8 %b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8 %b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9 %8a%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%b9/ |archive-date=2023-01-02 | nweta-date=2023-02-08 |asụsụ=ar}} </ref> N’ọnwa Septemba afọ 2020, Ministri Agụmakwụkwọ kwuru na a ga-egbu oge n’ụbọchị mmeghe ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke edobere na mbụ maka abalị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa ahụ, ruo na Nọvemba 22. Emere mkpebi a n'ihi adịghị njikere nke ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na mpaghara dị iche iche na Sudan, bụ nke idei mmiri na oke mmiri ozuzo metụtara nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=omar.katip |title=فيضانات السودان تؤجل فتح المدارس|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AC%D9%84-%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102233623/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AC%D9%84-%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Alaraby |language=ar}}</ref> Na Nọvemba afọ 2020, ndị Bọọdụ ndị isi ntụziaka na ọbá ego mba ụwa kwadoro ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ nke eji onyinye ego dị n'ógó ǹdè dọla iri isii na otu n'ụma ($61.5m) na-akwado iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ ọtaakara na Sudan, iji kwadookwa ma kwalite agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi maka ụmụaka, yana nkwado dị ukwuu maka ndị nkuzi, ụlọ akwụkwọ na obodo. A haziri oru ngo a iji kwalite ikike gọọmentị ịmepụta atumatu na nyochaa ọganihu n'ofe usoro agụmakwụkwọ. Onyinye maka agụmakwụkwọ bụ ego kachasị ukwuu iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi na Sudan. Ọrụ a kpuchiri ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze niile, na-ebute ụzọ itinye ego na mpaghara ndị ọnweghị nsogbu na ndị a kpapụrụ iche. Na mbido 2020, [[w:|Global Partnership for Education]] nyere onyinye ego ọzọ dị n'ógó ǹdè dọla iri na otu ($11m) iji kwado Sudan n'ịkwado mmemme iji zaghachi mkpa agụmakwụkwọ obodo n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11 -22 |title=61.5 مليون دولار من البنك الدولي لدعم التعليم في السودان |url=https://al-ain.com/article/world-bank-education-sudan |url-status=live |archive-url=https: //web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://al-ain.com/article/world-bank-education-sudan |archive-date=2023-01-02 | nweta-ụbọchị =2023-01- 02 |website=العين الإخبارية |language=ar}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2020, dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ inye ụmụaka 50,000 na-anọghị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ohere inweta agụmakwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na nke nkịtị, Education Above All (EAA) Foundation na onye ya na ya na-emekọ ihe [UNICEF]] bịanyere aka na Memorandum of Understanding ( MoU) na Federal Ministry of Education Sudan. Dị ka nkwupụta sitere na EAA si kwuo, a haziri ọrụ a iji tinye uche pụrụ iche n'ịkwalite gburugburu mmụta na iwulite ikike iji hụ na ụmụaka ndị a napụrụ agụm akwụkwọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ dị mma, yana ịba ụba n'ime obodo na ime ka a mara uru nke mmụta bara. ohere na idebanye aha na agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-30 |title=QFFD akara MoU iji nye ụmụaka 50,000 nkuzi na Sudan |url=https://www.gulf-times. com/story/679261/qffd-signs-mou-to-na-enye-education-to-50000-children-in-sudan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 20230102192438/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/679261/qffd-signs-mou-to-provide-education-to-50000-children-in-sudan |archive-date=2023-01-02 | access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Oge Gulf |language=en}}</ref> === Esemokwu N'ihi Usoro Ọmụmụ Ihe ọhụrụ === Ozi El-Tom emeela ihe iji gbanwee usoro agụmakwụkwọ na Sudan ebe ọ na-akwado maka "agụmakwụkwọ efu maka mmadụ niile" ka ọ na-erule 2030. Banyere usoro ọmụmụ na mgbanwe ha, El-Tom kwenyere na usoro n'ozuzu ya, n'agbanyeghị isiokwu ahụ, ga-emerịrị. n'ịtụle afọ nwata akwụkwọ na ịdị njikere nke uche ha iji nweta ihe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=السودان: وزير التربية والتعليم يحذر من مساعقٍ لإفشال الثطورة « url=https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2021/01/04/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-% d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88% d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%d%d8%b0%d8%b1-%d9%85% d9%86/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=صحيفة التغير السودانية , اخبار السودان |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web. org/web/20230102192434/https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2021/01/04/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9 %86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-% D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B0%D8%B1-% D9%85%D9%86/ |url-status=live }}</ref> El-Tom kwuru okwu banyere ngbanwe ọnụ ọgụgụ [[Quran | Qur'an]] [[Sura | surah]] maka otu ihe akọwapụtara. ogbo. O mere ka o doo anya na mgbe ị na-ahọrọ otu surah maka nwata dị afọ isii, ọ ga-adaba n'ebumnobi a kapịrị ọnụ yana ikike nwata ahụ iburu ya n'isi na ịghọta ya n'enweghị mgbalị ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-09 |title= حقائق صادمة : وزير التعليم السوداني (٤٠٪) من طلاب الثانويات لا يقرأون |url=https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2019/11/09/%d8%d8%d8 %a6%d9%82-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7% d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9 %. Archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.altaghyeer.info/ar/2019/11/09/%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6 %D9%82-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9% 84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 %D9%8A-%D9%A4%D9%A0/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ọrụ a bụ nke National Center for Educational Curricula, Ọzụzụ rụrụ ọrụ a. , Nduzi na nyocha, nke [[Omer al-Qarray]] na-edu, bụ nke megharịrị ma mepụta usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị site na ọkwa nke mbụ ruo ọkwa isii na 2020.<ref name=":3" /> Mkparịta ụka ọha na eze metụtara gụnyere ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ụkọchukwu na ndị nta akụkọ gbasara atụmatụ ịgbanwe usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke onye isi nchịkwa na Ministry of Education, Omar Al-Qarai duziri. N'otu oge ahụ, ndị ọkachamara mmụta na ndị na-akwado ọrụ megidere mgbanwe ahụ. Esemokwu ahụ malitere ka ewepụrụ atụmatụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọhụrụ maka ọkwa nke isii. Kpọmkwem, ihe osise ''[[The Creation of Adam]]'' nke onye omenkà Renaissance [[Michelangelo]] mere kpatara esemokwu n'ihi nzọrọ na ọ bụ [[ Heresy in Islam | heretical ]].<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=وكالات |first=الرؤية ـ |date=2021-01-04 |title=مايكل أنجلو يثير الجدل في السودان |url=https://www.alroeya.com/130-41/2188351-%D8 %A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88-%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8 %B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88% D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |oghere-ụbọchị=2023-01-02 |webụsaịtị=صحيفة الرؤية |asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-01-02 | Archive-%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ọnọdụ ahụ kara njọ. dị ka vidiyo pụtara na [[imam]] Muhammad Al-Amin Ismail, na-akwa anya mmiri n'oge [[Khutbah|Friday Khutbah]].<ref>{{Citation |last=MEMRI TV Videos |title=Onye Imam Sudan Agbazeela n'ihi nsonye. nke Michelangelo Okike nke Adam n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme | ụbọchị = | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Bm7U9VkxAo | mbipụta-date= |orig-date=2021-01-05 | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-03-05 | onye mbipụta = YouTube | asụsụ = en | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-03-05 | Archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305133359/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Bm7U9VkxAo |url-status=live }}</ref> Na vidiyo, o kwupụtara nke ya mmechuihu gbasara ọdịnaya dị na usoro ọmụmụ ọhụrụ tupu ịmalite nkatọ megide Al-Qarai.<ref>{{Citation |title=شاهد بكاء الشيخ الدكتور محمد الأمين إسماعيل والمصلين حرقة على ما يفو | com/watch?v=3zXYctq7y8Q |asụsụ=en | nweta-date=2023-02-08 |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208211412/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zXYctq7y8Q |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Salih |first=Zeinab Mohammed |author-link=Zeinab Mohammed Salih | ụbọchị = 2021-02-10 | aha = Akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'Africa: Otu akwụkwọ ederede si kpughee esemokwu dị na gọọmentị ọhụrụ Sudan | asụsụ = en-GB | ọrụ = Akụkọ BBC | url=https://www.bbc.com / akụkọ / ụwa-africa-55935513 | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-03-05 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305132754/https:/ /www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55935513 |url-status=live }}</ref> Onye isi òtù [[w:|Sudan Liberation Movement/Army]], [[w:|Minni Minnawi]], zisara ozi n'ikuku site n'ọ̀gbọ́ mgbasa ozi twita na mkpọsa nke ụfọdụ imam na-eduzi esiteghị n'ebumnobi ichekwa okpukperechi, kama ọ bụ mkpọsa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke e mere iji gbochie mgbanwe na-amalite ya na usoro mmụta agụmakwụkwọ. Onye ode akwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke [[w:|Justice and Equality Movement]], Suleiman Sandal, kwuru na nkwupụta akụkọ na "agaghị akụziri ụmụ anyị usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke nwere ihe oyiyi nke Chineke mgbe anyị nọ n'ọchịchị". Onye ndu nke [[w:|National Umma Party]], Abd al-Rahman al-Ghali, kpalitere gọọmentị ịchụpụ al-Qarai na-atụ aka na ọgụgụ isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Al-Qari dị ka onye òtù [[w:|Republican Brotherhood]], nke onye malitere ya bụ [[w:|Mahmoud Mohammed Taha]], ka egburu n'afọ 1985 maka ebubo ndapụ n'ezi ofufe.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web | last=فضل |first=أحمد |title=القراي مجددا في عين العاصفة.. عين العاصفة %a7%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%af%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86- %d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%81%d8%a9%d8%9f-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86 d8%a7%d9%87%d8%ac |oghere-ụbọchị =2023-01-02 |website=www.aljazeera.net |asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-01-02 | archive-url=https: //web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2021/1/5/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7 %D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8 %A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9%D8%9F-%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9-% D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A% D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88 |oghere-ụbọchị =2023-01-02 |webụsaịtị=الشرق الأوسط |asụsụ =ar | Archive- ụbọchị = 2023-01-02 | ebe nchekwa -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192438/https://aawsat.com/home/article/2721941/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8% A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7 %D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8% A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9 %84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88 |url-status=ndụ } }</ref> Omer al-Qarray tara Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka okpukperechi na onyinye onyinye bụ Nasr al-Din Mufreh ụta maka ịgbachi nkịtị ọbụna mgbe ụfọdụ ndị ụkọchukwu kpọrọ oku ka e gbuo ya. Al-Qari siri ọnwụ na ya agaghị agbahapụ ọ gwụla ma ekpebie ịkagbu usoro ọmụmụ n'ihi nrụgide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=تغيير المناهج .. صورة عن قرب |url=https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=107113 |nweta-date=2023-01-02 |webụsaịtị=صحيفة السوداني |asụsụ=ar |Archive-ụbọchị=2023-01-02 |Archive -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192431/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=107113 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-19 |archivedate=2023-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192455/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=107113 }}</ref><ref>{{ Kpọtụrụ webụ | ụbọchị = 2019-12-04 | aha = د. القراي : حديثهم عن الغاء القرآن من المناهج لا يستحق الرد عليه - النيلين |url=https://www.alnilin.com/13099742.htm | Access-date=2023-01-02 -01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192434/https://www.alnilin.com/13099742.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Al-Qarai gbara arụkwaghịm n'oge na-adịghị anya ka emechara na 7 Jenụwarị 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-23 |title=SudanTimes - من هو مدير المركز القومي للمناهج عمر القراي؟ |url=http://sudantimes.net/index.php/2017-04-04-14-18-17/item/5827-garrai18o9 |nweta-ụbọchị=2023-02-09 |Archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web/20191223123214/http://sudantimes.net/index.php/2017-04-04-14-18-17/item/5827-garrai18o9 |Archive-date=2019-12-23 |accessdate=2023-12-19 |archivedate=2019-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223123214/http://sudantimes.net/index.php/2017-04-04-14-18-17/item/5827-garrai18o9 }}</ref> Kọmiti ndị nkuzi Sudan kwusiri ike na a gaghị enwe nlọghachi azụ n'ọrụ mgbanwe dị ukwuu na usoro agụmakwụkwọ nke Ministri na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ malitere, na enwere nnukwu ọganihu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 -01-03 | Aha = وزير الترربع خراري | 2255.htm | Accewdị Nnweta = 2023 -01-02 | asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192430/https://www.alnilin.com/13162255.htm |url-status=ndụ }}</ref> Mịnịsta ala [[Abdalla Hamdok|Abdallah Hamdok]] hibere kọmitii mba ga-enyocha usoro ọmụmụ, na ịnye akụkọ ya mgbe izu abụọ gachara. Kọmiti ahụ hụkwara na ndị ọkachamara na-akwado isiokwu ọ bụla yana na usoro ọmụmụ ahụ mezuru ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, ụkpụrụ ndị ọkachamara na nke mba, ma bụrụkwa nke a na-akụzi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=لجنة لمناهج (القراي) .. هل (ردة) من حمدوك ? |url=https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=110615 |nweta-date=2023-01-02 |webụsaịtị=صحيفة السوداني |asụsụ=ar |Archive-ụbọchị=2023-01-02 |Archive -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192433/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=110615 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-19 |archivedate=2023-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192433/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=110615 }}</ref> === Mwepụta ọchịchị ọhụrụ === Na 8 Febrụwarị 2021, Prime Minista Sudan Abdallah Hamdok wepụtara mkpebi ịwepụ ndị ozi nke [[w:Interim Government| ọchịchị mgbanwe]] n'ọkwa ha na nkwado nke nguzobe gọọmentị ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=فضل |first=أحمد |title=وزراء سياسيون يخلفون التكنوقراط.. % d8% ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-% d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%b1% d9%91%d8%a8 |oghere-ụbọchị =2023-02-08 |website=www.aljazeera.net |asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị=2023-01-03 |archive-url=https://web. Archive.org/web/20230103025016/https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2021/2/9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85 %D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9% 84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%A8 |url-status=ebi }} </ref> Nkwupụta ahụ gbakwụnyere na ndị minista ga-aga n'ihu n'ọkwa ha dị ka ndị nlekọta ruo mgbe e guzobere gọọmentị ọhụrụ na imecha usoro inyefe ihe ozugbo [[Sovereignty Council of Sudan|Transitional Sovereignty Council]] kwuputara nguzobe nke ọchịchị. ọchịchị ọhụrụ. Nkwupụta ahụ gosiri na nguzobe ọhụrụ a agaghị agụnye aha onye minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ, n'ihi na a ka na-eme ndụmọdụ gbasara ozi a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=رئيس الوزراء السوداني يحل حكومته تمهيدا لإعلان تشكيلة|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2021/2/8/%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%83-%d9%8a%d8%ad %d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88 %d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a7 |oghere-ụbọchị = 2023-01-02 | webụsaịtị=www.aljazeera.net | asụsụ = ar | archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102200937/https:// www.aljazeera.net/politics/2021/2/8/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8 %A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8% A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7 |url-status=live }}</ref> Onye isi ala Abdalla Hamdok wepụrụ El-Tom na ndepụta nhọpụta nke ndị ọrụ ọchịchị ọhụrụ a, onye nyefere [[w:|Transitional Sovereignty Council]] ndepụta aha ndị ahọpụtara kwuru na El-Tom dara "nyocha nchekwa". Ndị Kọmiti ndị nkuzi Sudan kwusara mwepu a.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-08 |title=لجنة المعلمين السودانيين تصدر بيانًا وترفض استبعاد محمد الأمur | /www.alnilin.com/13168461.htm | nweta-date=2023-01-02 |asụsụ=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20230102192432/https://www.alnilin.com/13168461.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-08 |title=عاجل : لجنة المعلمين : استبعاد البروفيسور محمد الأمين أحمد التوم من قائمة الترشيحات التي تم رفعها إلى مجلس الشركاء, بحجة " الفحص الأمن!!! |url=https://sdnewsnetwork.com/archives/6746 |nweta-date=2023-01-02 |webụsaịtị=شبكة السودان نيوز |asụsụ=ar |Archive-date=2023-01-02 |Archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://sdnewsnetwork.com/archives/6746 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-19 |archivedate=2023-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://sdnewsnetwork.com/archives/6746 }}</ref> El-Tom lere anya nchụpụ ya n'ozi n'ihi nlele nche dara ada “ihere nye aha ya”, nke butere ya “mmebi uche nke mmụọ”. Ọ gwara Al-Ekhbari, sị: "Ugbu a abụ m nwa amaala eboro ebubo, ndị na-ebo m ebubo ga-egosikwa na m bụ onye nnọchi anya, ka m mere mpụ, ma ọ bụ tinye aka na nrụrụ aka, ka ọ bụ gịnị?".<ref>{{Cite web |title=تسوية بلا ضفاف .. بقلم: وجدي كامل |url=https://sudanile.com/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8% d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%b6%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ac %. -01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192432/https://sudanile.com/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8% A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85-% D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84/ |url-status=live }}</ref> O kwuru na ya natara. na-ajụ ajụjụ ma ọ bụrụ na o meela ihe ọjọọ ọ bụla nwere ike ime ka a chụpụ ya n'ozi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-09 |title=محمد الأمين التوم: استبعادي من الوزارة بالفحص الأمني إشانة سُمعة وسبّب لي ضرراً نفسياً - النيلين |url=https://www.alnilin.com/13168638.htm |access-date=2023-01-02 |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.alnilin.com/13168638.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=تعقيب على الطاهر ساتي… لا تكن كالببغاء .. عقله في أذنيه !! (2-2) .. بقلم: د. عمر القراي |url=https://sudanile.com/%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a8%d8%ba%d8%a7/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=سودانايل |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192432/https://sudanile.com/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%A7/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kọmiti ndị nkuzi - isi akụkụ nke [[Sudanese Professionals Association]] - kwuputara ọjụjụ nke oke akụkụ nke ozi ahụ, ma kwado El-Tom. Na Mee 2021 na mgbe ọnwa abụọ nke ọkwa ahụ gachara, akwụkwọ ozi na-akpọ Prime Minister ka ọ kpọọ El-Tom dị ka Minista Education bụ otu ndị otu obodo, ndị ọkachamara mahadum na ndị ọgụgụ isi bịanyere aka na ya.<ref>{{Cite webụ |date=2021-01-11 |title=التربية تنفي إستقالة الوزير بروفيسور محمد الأمين التوم |url=https://alsudanet.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%d8% a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82 84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d9% 8a%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1/ |oghere-ụbọchị =2023-01-02 |webụsaịtị=Al Sudan net |asụsụ =ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https ://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://alsudanet.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9- %D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7 %D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88 D8%B1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nkwekọrịta ahụ chọkwara nkwado nke iwu ndị kọmitii tozuru etozu weputara iji megharịa agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere Iwu agụmakwụkwọ Ọha nke 2020, Iwu agụmakwụkwọ onwe nke 2020, na iwu nke National Center for Educational Curricula, Training, Guidance and Research 2020.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Darfur 24 |date=2021-06-01 |title=مذكرة لرئيس الوزراء تطالب باعادة وميتمب باعادة وميتمب باعادة لتربية |url=https://www.darfur24.com/2021/06/01/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B1% D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%B7% D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A% D9%8A/ | Access-date=2023-01-02 |websaịtị=موقع دارفور٢٤ الاخباري |asụsụ=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20230102192429/https://www.darfur24.com/2021/06/01/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=مذكرة تطالب رئيس الوزراء بتسمية البروفسور محمد الامين التوم وزيرا للتربية والتعليم |url=https://sudanile.com/%d9%85%d8%b0%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=سودانايل |language=ar |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192430/https://sudanile.com/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Edensibia === {{Reflist}} === Njikọ Mpụga === * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCc-owEDRaA&ab_channel=SudanBukra Interview with Professor Mohamed El Amin El-Tom], in Arabic by Sudan Bukra {{Authority control}} [[Category:Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1941]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category: Mahadum Ulster]] [[Category: Ụlọ Ọmụmụ na Mahadum Columbis]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Leeds]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Oxford]] [[Category: Ndị ọkachamara na mgbakọ na mwepụ si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị òtù Sudanese National Academy of Sciences]] b5cfw7h0qvhqvwye50632snhp5a97h9 0 35948 656001 209836 2026-06-17T09:45:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=The Last Victims|image=|alt=|caption=|director=Maynard Kraak|producer=Maynard Kraak<br>Terwadkar Rajiv|writer=Sean Robert Daniels|story=Sean Robert Daniels<br>Terwadkar Rajiv|starring=[[Sean Cameron Michael]]<br>Kurt Egelhof<br>Wilson Dunster<br>Baby Cele<br>Gustav Gerdener<br>Ashish Gangapersad<br>Marno van der Merwe<br>Hayley Owen|music=Geo Höhn|cinematography=Meekaaeel Adam|editing=Terwadkar Rajiv<br>Cohen Lorenzo Davids|released={{Film date|df=yes|2019|02|08|Pan African Film Festival|2020|02|28}}|runtime=125 minutes|country=South Africa|language=English}} {{Databox}} The Last Victims bụ ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke 2019 nke Maynard Kraak duziri. E mere ihe nkiri ahụ kpamkpam na KwaZulu-Natal South Africa ma gosipụta ya n'ụwa niile na Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) na 8 Febụwarị 2019. Ihe nkiri ahụ meghere Rapid Lion - South African International Film Festival na Market Theater nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Johannesburg, South Africa na 1 Machị 2019. Ọ gosipụtara "na asọmpi" na nhọpụta atọ: Best Feature Film, Best Cinematography (Meekaaeel Adam) na Best Actor in a Leading Role ([[Sean Cameron Michael]]). A họọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ na 40th Durban International Film Festival (DIFF), Durban South Africa. A na-ahọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ ugbu a na asọmpi na Knysna Film Festival, Knysna, South Africa & African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) na Naijiria. A na-ahọpụta ihe nkiri ahụ na ngalaba 3 dị iche iche na AMAA viz. Best Screenplay (Sean Robert Daniels), Best Editing (Terwadkar Rajiv & Cohen Lorenzo Davids) & Best Sound (Janno Muller). == Atụmatụ == Ihe nkiri ahụ na-agbaso Dawid, onye bụbu onye otu C1 Counter Insurgency death squad nke South Africa, onye ga-akwụ ụgwọ maka oge gara aga ya mgbe ọ na-enyere otu onye lanarịrị Pravesh aka ịchọ ozu nke otu mkpụrụ ndụ na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. N'amaghị na ka ha na-achụ azịza, a na-achọkwa ha. "N'agbanyeghị na ihe nkiri a dabeere na ihe ndị mere n'ezie, ọ bụ n'ezie akụkọ pụrụ iche nke South Africa n'ihi na ọ bụ maka ọchụchọ nkwekọrịta n'ihu ihe na-agbawa obi nke na-ajụ ịnwụ", ka onye nduzi mmemme Rapid Lion, Eric Miyeni, kwuru, "Ọ bụ nnukwu ihe atụ maka South Africa taa". == Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri == * [[Sean Cameron Michael]] - Dawid * Kurt Egelhof - Pravesh * Marno van der Merwe - Dawid na-eto eto * Ashish Gangapersad - Ntorobịa Pravesh * Grant Swanby - Warren * Wilson Dunster - Onye France * Mark Mulder - Onye merụrụ ahụ * Deon Coetzee - Viaan * Kobus Van Heerden - Nwa Agbọghọ * Tumie Ngumla - Nwa okorobịa Lwazi * Baby Cele - Old Lwazi * Kira Wilkinson - Alice * Shelley Meskin - Martha * Sasha Stroebel - Luzanne * Caitlin Clerk - Phoebe * Ferdinand Gernandt - Onye bi na biya * Sam Phillips - Onye isi oche Kọmitii TRC == Ndị a nabatara == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Ihe nrite !Ụbọchị emume !Ụdị !Onye natara ya !Nsonaazụ !<abbr>Ihe mgbochi.</abbr> |- ! rowspan="3" |RapidLion - Ememme Ihe nkiri Mba Nile nke South Africa | rowspan="3" |1 Machị 2019 |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma |[[Sean Cameron Michael]] |Ndị a họpụtara | rowspan="2" | |- |Onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma |Meekaaeel Adam |Ndị a họpụtara |- |Ihe kacha mma na South Africa |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Ndị a họpụtara | |- ! rowspan="2" |Emume ihe nkiri Knysna | rowspan="2" |30 Ọktoba 2019 |Onye mmeri nke ihe nkiri kacha mma |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Ndị a họpụtara | rowspan="2" | |- |Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma |Kurt Egelhof |Mmeri |- ! rowspan="3" |Ihe nrite African Movie Academy (AMAA) | rowspan="3" |27 Ọktoba 2019 |Ihe nkiri kacha mma |Sean Robert Daniels |Ndị a họpụtara | rowspan="3" | |- |Nhazi Kasị Mma |Terwadkar Rajiv & Cohen Lorenzo Davids |Ndị a họpụtara |- |Nhazi ụda kacha mma |Janno Muller |Ndị a họpụtara |- !Emume Ihe nkiri nke Uganda |1 Disemba 2019 |Ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Mmeri | |- ! rowspan="11" |South Film and Arts Academy Festival (SFAAF) | rowspan="11" | |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma |[[Sean Cameron Michael]] |Mmeri | rowspan="11" | |- |Onye nduzi kacha mma na ihe nkiri |Maynard Kraak |Mmeri |- |Ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri |Sean Robert Daniels |Mmeri |- |Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma na Ihe nkiri |Marno van der Merwe |Mmeri |- |Nhazi ụda kacha mma na ihe nkiri |Janno Muller |Mmeri |- |Ihe kacha mma e mere na fim |Cindi Jane Laird |Mmeri |- |Cinematography Aha a na-akwanyere ùgwù na ihe nkiri |Meekaaeel Adam |Mmeri |- |Nhazi Aha a na-akwanyere ùgwù na ihe nkiri |Terwadkar Rajiv & Cohen Lorenzo Davids |Mmeri |- |Mmepụta Aha nsọpụrụ na fim |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Mmeri |- |Ihe nkiri nke ọnwa |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Mmeri |- |Ihe nkiri kachasị mma |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Mmeri |- ! rowspan="4" |Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke ise (FCIFF) | rowspan="4" |3 Febụwarị 2020 |Ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali kacha mma |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Mmeri | rowspan="4" | |- |Ihe kacha mma |Cindi Jane Laird |Mmeri |- |Nkwupụta pụrụ iche |Janno Muller |Mmeri |- |Ihe nkiri kacha mma |Sean Robert Daniels |Ndị a họpụtara |- !Ihe nrite ihe nkiri mba ụwa | |Ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma |Terwadkar Rajiv & Maynard Kraak |Mmeri | |- |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|4727422}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211109175610/https://www.paff.org/films/#!/film/the_last_victims ''Ndị Ikpeazụ E Merụrụ Ahụ'' na PAFF] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213125015/http://ipo.org.za/the-last-victims-premiere-at-pan-african-film-festival/ Ihe ngosi nke ndị ikpeazụ e gburu na Pan African Film Festival] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213125149/https://artsvark.co.za/the-last-victims-premiere-at-pan-african-film-festival/ Ndị Ikpeazụ e gburu na PAFF - Artsvark Presser] * [https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-tribune/20171008/282741997013578 Mystery Obi dị ya ụtọ ka e mee ya na KZN na Press Reader] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190421061016/http://www.filmcontact.com/news/south-africa/step-aside-hollywood-enter-kzn%E2%80%99s-dollywood Gaa n'akụkụ Hollywood, banye na KZN's Dollywood na Film Contact] * [https://www.bizcommunity.com/InBrief/196/97/14823.html Ihe nkiri SA The Last Victims ga-egosi na US film festival na BizCommunity] * [https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-times/20190129/281638191429511 SA Movie setịpụrụ maka emume LA na Press Reader / akwụkwọ akụkọ Cape Times] * [https://www.asempanews.com/rapidlion-awards-ceremony-returns-to-the-festival/ Ememe RapidLion Awards Na-alaghachi na Ememme ahụ na Asempa News] * [http://www.capetalk.co.za/podcasts/127/afternoons-with-pippa-hudson/185548/entertainment-the-last-victims-film Ntụrụndụ: The Last Victims (ihe nkiri) - Cape Talk] * [http://www.702.co.za/podcasts/127/afternoons-with-pippa-hudson/185548/entertainment-the-last-victims-film Ntụrụndụ: The Last Victims (ihe nkiri) - Talk 702 Radio] * [https://bereamail.co.za/163505/acclaimed-sa-film-comes-to-the-screen-at-durban-international-film-festival/ Ihe nkiri SA a ma ama na-abịa na ihe nkiri na Durban International Film Festival] * [https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/147649/the-last-victims-wins-best-international-film-at-the-uganda-film-festival Ndị Ikpeazụ meriri ''Ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma'' na mmemme ihe nkiri Uganda''Emume Ihe nkiri nke Uganda''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201102231836/https://risingsunoverport.co.za/75592/screening-last-victims-popular-film-festival/ Nchịkọta nke 'The Last Victims' na mmemme ihe nkiri a ma ama - Rising Sun] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201102231857/https://tishalacommunications.com/press-release-maynard-kraaks-latest-film-the-last-victims-to-open-rapidlion-2019/ Ihe nkiri ọhụrụ nke Maynard Kraak, The Last Victims, iji mepee RapidLion 2019] * [https://www.timeout.com/sydney/news/sydney-south-african-film-festival-heads-online-for-2020-season-050520 Sydney South African Film Festival na-aga n'ịntanetị] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213125013/https://www.wearemovingstories.com/we-are-moving-stories-films/2019/1/17/the-last-victims Anyị na-akpali akpali "Tokyo Lift-Off Film Festival" 2020 - Ndị Ikpeazụ] fm0xyal5t5bhi7rqhayy8507ztf0guy 0 37045 656005 594203 2026-06-17T11:17:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Neil Sandilands|image=|caption=|birth_name=Neil Joseph William Sandilands|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|5|1}}|birth_place=[[Randfontein]], South Africa|occupation=Actor, director, screenwriter, producer, film editor, [[cinematographer]]|years_active=1991–present|website=[http://www.neilsandilands.com/ neilsandilands.com]}} '''Neil Joseph William Sandilands''' (amụrụ na 1 Mee 1975) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na South Africa, nke a maara maka ọrụ na ihe nkiri na telivishọn yana maka mgbanwe ya na ime ihe nkiri. N'afọ 2016, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro na Sundance TV's ''Hap na Leonard'' dị ka Paco na The CW's The ''100'' dị ka Titus. N'afọ 2017, ọ sonyeere ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri nke usoro CW The ''Flash'', na-egwu Clifford DeVoe / The Thinker. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Children's & Family Emmy Awards: Disney Dominates Nominations|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/childrens-family-emmy-awards-nominations-2023-1235635652/|accessdate=7 November 2023|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Tyler|author=Coates}}</ref> rụkwara ọrụ General Abbott na usoro Netflix Sweet Tooth, nke o nwetara onyinye Children's and Family Emmy Award maka nhọpụta na-akwado arụmọrụ dị ịrịba ama. == Ọrụ == Sandilands malitere ọrụ ya na South Africa, ala nna ya, na-eme ihe dị iche iche, ọkachasị na usoro telivishọn 7de Laan dị ka Bart Kruger malite na 2000. Ọ hapụrụ ihe ngosi ahụ mgbe afọ asaa gasịrị wee kwaga [[Los Angeles]] na 2007. N'''Ụlọ'' 2010, e gosipụtara Sandilands n'otu ihe omume nke usoro ihe nkiri America a ma ama House, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ laghachiri South Africa iji mee ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Afrikaans a ma ama, gụnyere ihe nkiri mmeri ''Die Ballade van Robbie de Wee'' . Sandilands malitekwara ọrụ mmepụta tupu ọ laghachi Hollywood na 2014. <ref name="House">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/bart-from-7de-laan-lands-two-roles-in-united-states-series/|title=Bart from 7de Laan lands two roles in United States series|work=The South African|author=Haden|first=Alexis|date=2 March 2016|accessdate=26 February 2024|archivedate=28 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628102101/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/bart-from-7de-laan-lands-two-roles-in-united-states-series/}}</ref>"Aghaghị m ịlaghachi na ọzụzụ ndị ọzọ dị ka iduzi na mmepụta ma mgbe ụfọdụ wuo mgbidi maka ndị agbata obi m ma ọ bụ ihe omume ndị ọzọ a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta akọwa iji gbochie anụ ọhịa wolf, " Sandilands kwuru banyere njem ya laghachi na United States. <ref name="Life">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/neil-sandilands-in-hollywood-020316|title=South African actor lands roles in two US series|work=Brand South Aftrica|author=Anderson|first=CD|date=2 March 2016|accessdate=26 February 2024|archivedate=20 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520055856/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/neil-sandilands-in-hollywood-020316}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Sandilands nwetara onye ọbịa na usoro FX The Americans . N'afọ sochirinụ na 2016, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro dị ka Titus na CW's The ''100'' na dị ka Paco na SundanceTV's ''Hap na Leonard''. N'afọ 2017, Sandilands nwere ọrụ ọbịa na usoro CBS ''NCIS'' nke na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge ma sonye na ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri CW superhero The ''Flash'' dị ka Clifford DeVoe / The Thinker .   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Grobar|first=Matt|date=25 October 2022|title='Kingdom Of The Planet Of The Apes' Adds Five|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/kingdom-of-the-planet-of-the-apes-adds-five-1235154551/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025185507/https://deadline.com/2022/10/kingdom-of-the-planet-of-the-apes-adds-five-1235154551/|archivedate=25 October 2022|accessdate=25 October 2022|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, a tụbara Sandilands na ihe nkiri Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes, nke Wes Ball ga-eduzi maka 20th Century Studios. == Ndụ onwe onye == Sandilands <ref name="Life"/>-asụ Bekee na asụsụ ala ya, Afrikaans. == Ihe nkiri == === Ime ihe nkiri === ==== Ihe nkiri ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2004 |''[[Proteus (ihe nkiri nke afọ 2003)|Proteus]]'' |Rijkhaart Jacobz |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2004/07/30/movies/film-in-review-proteus.html|title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'Proteus'|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Kehr|first=Dave|date=30 July 2004}}</ref><ref name="TVG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/neil-sandilands/credits/167743/|title=Neil Sandilands|work=[[TVGuide]]|accessdate=5 May 2018}}</ref> |- |2010 |''Jakhalsdans'' |Dawid onye na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ |<ref name="SACredits">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/south-african-actors-join-the-flash-tv-series|title=South African actors join The Flash TV series|work=Brand South Aftrica|author=Anderson|first=CD|date=27 July 2017|accessdate=26 February 2024|archivedate=25 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725130730/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/south-african-actors-join-the-flash-tv-series}}</ref> bụkwa osote onye nduzi [1] |- |2011 |''Ọchịchịrị Dị N'azụ'' |Maazị Lemoy |Dị mkpirikpi |- |2012 |''Otu Anya Ikpeazụ'' |Frank McCintosh | |- | rowspan="6" |2013 |''Die Laaste Tango'' |Kaptein Etlinger | |- |''Lucy na Janie'' |Nna Lucy |Dị mkpirikpi |- |''Hoe Duur bụ De Suiker'' |Reinder Almersma | |- |''Musiek vir nwụrụ Agtergrond'' |Freddy | |- |''Die Ballade van Robbie de Wee'' |Len van Jaarsveld |<ref name="SACredits" /> |- |''Nwoke nọ n'okporo ụzọ kacha mma ịhapụ naanị ya'' | |Dị mkpirikpi |- |2015 |''Blackhat'' |Onye na-anya ụgbọ mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri | (nke a na-edeghị aha ya) |- |2018 |''Frank na Ava'' |Zinnemann | |- |2019 |''Ọdọ Mmiri Coyote'' |Dirk | |- |2019 |''Drone ahụ'' |Onye Mmebi Iwu | |- |2020 |''Akụkọ Ụwa'' |Wilhelm Leonberger | |- |2021 |''Ebe Marfa na-aga'' |Norman |DVD, Amazon, VUDU |- |2024 |''Alaeze nke Mbụ'' |Koro[<ref name="Empire">{{Cite web|author=Jolin|first=Dan|date=21 December 2023|title='Animal Kingdom'|url=https://members.empireonline.com/read/feb-24/animal-kingdom|accessdate=21 December 2022|work=[[Empire Magazine]]}}</ref>] |Mgbe e mepụtara ya |- |} ==== Telivishọn ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |1991 |''Meester'' |Bertus Conradie | |- |1992 |''Ihe ndị e ji akwọ ụgbọala'' |Dolf - 1950 | |- |1999 |''Obodo ndịda'' | | |- |2000–07 |''Laan nke asaa'' |Bart Kruger |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.huffingtonpost.co.za/2017/07/26/kim-engelbrecht-and-niel-sandilands-have-already-started-filming_a_23049159/|title=Kim Engelbrecht And Neil Sandilands Have Already Started Filming For 'The Flash' And We Can't Wait|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|author=Mambana|first=Duenna|date=27 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="SACredits"/> |- |2004 |''Onye na-eme ihe ike'' |Jan Pieter | |- | rowspan="2" |2006 |''Orion'' |Zatopek Van Heerden | |- |''Jozi-H'' |Onye na-ebu ọgwụ ọjọọ na 2006 |Ihe omume: "Crush" |- |2008 |''Ememe nke Ndị A Na-akpọghị'' |Daantjie van Wyk |Ihe omume: "A Map Reddens" |- |2010 |''Ụlọ'' |Captain Vanderhoof |Ihe omume: "A Pox on Our House"<ref name="TVG"/><ref name="House"/> |- |2011 |''Ntọrọ na Nnapụta'' |Sam |Ihe omume: "Ndị nnapụta nnapụta" |- |2013 |''Ọrịa na-egbu egbu'' |Onye sayensị |Ihe omume: "Ụdị 05: Ọdịnihu" |- |2015 |''Ndị America'' |Eugene Venter |Ihe omume <ref name="Credits" /> (oge 3) [1] |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''100'' |Titus |<ref name="Credits" /> omume isii; Ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro (oge 3) [1] |- |''Hap na Leonard'' |Paco |<ref name="Credits" /> ihe omume; Ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro (oge 1) [1] |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Salamander'' |Jack Wang |<ref name="TVG" /> <ref name="Credits">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/larenz-tate-star-salamander-drama-pilot-neil-sandilands-cast-1202040434/|title=Larenz Tate To Topline ABC Drama Pilot 'Salamander', Neil Sandilands Also Cast|work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=9 March 2017}}</ref>-anya ụgbọelu na-enweghị ikuku [1] [2] |- |''NCIS'' |Hendric Kruger |Ihe omume: "Willoughby"<ref name="TVG" /> |- |2017–18 |''Flash'' |Clifford DeVoe / Onye na-eche echiche |Ndị isi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/935530/The-Flash-season-4-cast-actors-DC-Comics-CW-Arrowverse-Grant-Gustin-Candice-Patton|title=The Flash season 4 cast: Who is in the cast of The Flash?|work=[[Daily Express|Express]]|author=Debnath|first=Neela|date=22 March 2018}}</ref>-eme ihe nkiri (oge 4) [1] |- |2021 |''DAM'' |Bernoldus |Ndị bụ isi |- |2021 |''Ezé Dị Nri'' |General Abbot |Ihe omume iri na abụọ |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2015 |''Metal Gear Solid V: Ihe mgbu Phantom'' |Ndị agha / Ndị ọzọ |Ọrụ olu |- |} === Ọrụ ndị ọzọ === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2010 |''Jakhalsdans'' |Onye na-enyere onye nduzi aka |Ihe nkiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na George'' |Onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |''Onye Ala Ọzọ n'Ogige Ntụrụndụ'' |Onye nduzi foto |Ihe nkiri |- |2012 |''Ngwọta: Ntuziaka maka Post Traumatic Growth'' |Onye edemede akụkọ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, foto ndị ọzọ |Ihe nkiri |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Team Wheaties: Imeri Ihe ịma aka anụ ahụ'' |Onye nduzi, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Vidio dị mkpirikpi |- |''Uto'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye isi mmepụta, onye mmepụta, nchịkọta akụkọ, onye nchịkọta ụda |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Mass nke ahụ'' |Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-ese ihe, onye nchịkọta ụda na onye na-emepụta |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |''Nrọ Chiiz Goat'' |Onye na-ese ihe nkiri |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Ịfụ ụfụfụ / Ịlụ ọgụ'' |Onye nduzi, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |''Ịhụ Jenny'' |Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye nchịkọta ụda |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |2017 |''Oké Mmiri na-asọsi ike'' |Onye isi mmepụta, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye nchịkọta ụda |Ihe nkiri |- |} == Edensibia == nkiri ole na ole gụnyere: Blood and Oil, Mary and Martha, ''Iron Will'', Finding Lenny na Journey is the Destination. <ref name="tvsa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17776|title=Katleho Ramaphakela|publisher=tvsa|accessdate=13 November 2020}}</ref> bụkwa onye edemede na-{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} * Neil Sandilandsdiski naDiscogs * Neil Sandilandsna TVSA [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m9z5jgji4b3em6541wpbis31vbg8kk7 0 37655 655953 515650 2026-06-17T01:09:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<ref>{{Cite news|author=Caramanica|first=Jon|date=2011-05-13|title=Rap Duo Heads Back to the Stage, Granting No Compromises (or Smiles)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/14/arts/music/havoc-and-prodigy-of-mobb-deep-at-best-buy-theater-review.html|accessdate=2022-07-26}}</ref>'''Mobb Deep''' bụ ndị America [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] duo si Queens, [[Nú Yọk|New York]] <ref name="BiographyAllMusic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mobb-deep-mn0000566430/biography|title=Mobb Deep &#124; Biography & History|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=25 June 2021}}</ref> guzobere na 1991. <ref name="How to Rap, p. 323">Edwards, Paul, 2009, ''[[How to Rap]]: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC'', Chicago Review Press, p. 323.</ref>'ịbụ ndị na-eti egwu / ndị na-ede egwu / ndị mmepụta ndekọ Prodigy na Havoc, a na-ewere ha dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi nne na nna nke hip hop siri ike nke East Coast. Mobb Deep ghọrọ otu <ref name="How to Rap, p. 323" />'ime ndị rap rap kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge niile, ebe ọ rere ihe karịrị nde atọ. <ref>Shapiro, Peter, 2005, ''The Rough Guide To Hip-Hop'', 2nd Edition, Penguin, p. 258-259.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/murda-muzik-mw0000237982|title=Murda Muzik - Mobb Deep &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=25 June 2021}}</ref> <ref>Shapiro, Peter, 2005, ''The Rough Guide To Hip-Hop'', 2nd Edition, Penguin, p. 259.</ref> a ma ama bụ The Infamous (1995), Hell on Earth (1996) na ''Murda Muzik'' (1999), [1] [2] na egwu ha kachasị nwee ọganihu bụ "Shook Ones (Part II) " na "Survival of the Fittest. " [3] A maara ha maka nnyefe ha gbara ọchịchịrị na nke siri ike. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paidduesfestival.com/|title=Paid Dues Festival 2014|work=Paidduesfestival.com|accessdate=2024-03-01|archivedate=2018-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101210648/http://www.paidduesfestival.com/}}</ref> abụọ gbasara n'afọ 2012, mana ha jikọtara n'afọ sochirinụ. Prodigy nwụrụ <ref name="Obit_Independent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/prodigy-dead-mobb-deep-rapper-dies-death-age-life-health-latest-updates-a7799676.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220515/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/prodigy-dead-mobb-deep-rapper-dies-death-age-life-health-latest-updates-a7799676.html|archivedate=2022-05-15|title=Prodigy dead: Mobb Deep rapper dies at age 42|date=20 June 2017|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> June 2017. [1] <ref name="hiphop4real">{{Cite web|url=https://hiphop4real.com/havoc-interview-for-hiphop4real/|title=Havoc (Mobb Deep), Big Noyd и DJ L.E.S.: эксклюзивное интервью для HipHop4Real|work=hiphop4real|date=30 October 2018|accessdate=2019-12-08}}</ref> ọ na-erule afọ 2023, Havoc na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na abọm ọhụrụ nke Mobb Deep. == Akụkọ ndụ == === Ọrụ mmalite === <ref name="variety1">[https://variety.com/2020/music/news/havoc-mobb-deep-the-infamous-25-1234582900/ "'The Infamous' at 25: Mobb Deep's Havoc Looks Back on the Hip-Hop Landmark"] Barker, Andrew. April 20, 2020. Retrieved 2021-02-14.</ref>Havoc na Prodigy zutere mgbe ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na High School of Art and Design na Manhattan - ụlọ akwụkwọ nke mepụtara ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka Calvin Klein, Marc Jacobs, Amy Heckerling, Lee Quiñones, na Fab Five Freddy. <ref name="rs">Blisteen, Jon. [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mobb-deep-rapper-prodigy-dead-at-42-w488890 Mobb Deep Rapper Prodigy Dead at 42]. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Accessed on March 12, 2018.</ref>'afọ 1991, ha ghọrọ duo nke a na-akpọ Poetical Prophets . [1] Aha Poetical Prophets <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2022-07-17|title=Havoc on Forming Mobb Deep, Creating Classic Albums, Losing Prodigy (Full Interview)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo0l7RuxZNM&ab_channel=djvlad|accessdate=2022-07-18|work=VladTV}}</ref> ihe akaebe nye Prodigy, mgbe ahụ Lord-T (The Golden Child), na ike ndọda Havoc na New York maara hip-hop. Duo ahụ <ref name="djbooth" /> ime ihe ngosi ma jiri usoro ahịa ndị agha iji kwalite onwe ha. <ref name="djbooth">James, Andy. [https://djbooth.net/features/2017-05-03-how-mobb-deep-met-q-tip The Story of How Mobb Deep Met Q-Tip Is Amazing]. DJBooth.net. Accessed on March 12, 2018.</ref> ga-achọta adreesị nke isi ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ na azụ nke abọm, weta onye ọkpụkpọ cassette, ma gwa ndị na-ese ihe na-agafe agafe ka ha gee egwu ha. <ref name="rs" /><ref name="djbooth" /> onye na-ese egwu kwụsịrị ịnụ egwu ha bụ Q-Tip nke A Tribe Called Quest; Prodigy chetara, "[Q-Tip] mere ka anyị mara Chris Lighty n'ụbọchị ahụ na ụyọkọ ndị mmadụ nọ na Rush Associated Labels na ụlọ ọrụ Def Jam - nke ahụ bụ otu anyị si zute onye ọ bụla. " [1] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Prodigy bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ngosi solo na Jive Records ma nwee ihe a na-amaghị aha ya na egwu "Too Young" nke Hi-Five, nke pụtara na Boyz n'olu. Jive kpebiri ịghara ịbịanye aka na Poetical Prophets dị ka duo. Otú ọ dị, e gosipụtara ha na kọlụm Matty C nke July 1991 "Unsigned Hype" na The Source, <ref name="rs"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Capoluongo|first=Matteo|date=July 1991|title=Unsigned Hype|journal=[[The Source]]|issue=22}}</ref> nke nyeere aka ịkwalite demo ha Flavor for the Nonbelievers. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sanfiorenzo|first=Dimas|date=2020-04-24|title=Havoc Speaks on How He & Prodigy Made a Genre-Defining Classic With 'The Infamous...'|url=https://www.okayplayer.com/music/mobb-deep-the-infamous-25th-anniversary-havoc-interview.html|accessdate=2022-07-18|work=Okayplayer|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718143829/https://www.okayplayer.com/music/mobb-deep-the-infamous-25th-anniversary-havoc-interview.html}}</ref> Source kpọrọ Poetic<ref name=":0"/> Prophets a "dynamic duo ... nke na-eme ngwa ngwa na-eme onwe ha nnukwu aha na talent show na redio na mpaghara New York. " [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, duo gbanwere aha ha site na Poetical Prophet gaa na "Mobb Deep, " n'akụkụ ụfọdụ dabere na aro nke Puff Daddy onye na-achọ ha ịbụ ndị omenkà mbụ na akara ọhụrụ ya, Bad Boy Records. <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Albert "Prodigy"|title=My Infamous Life: The Autobiography of Mobb Deep's Prodigy|publisher=Touchstone|year=2011|isbn=978-1439103180|pages=51|language=en}}</ref>'ịhọrọ aha ahụ, Prodigy kwuru na "anyị chọrọ ihe na-akọwa otú anyị si ebi ndụ. Mgbe [anyị] gbakọtara ọnụ iji nọrọ, anyị ga-adị iri atọ ruo iri anọ, dị ka ìgwè mmadụ. Asụsụ anyị ji mee ihe mgbe anyị hụrụ ụyọkọ ụmụ nwoke ọnụ bụ . . . 'omimi.' Okwu abụọ ahụ dara ụda dị mma.''Mobb Deep "''. === Ịga n'ihu === Ndị otu ahụ hụrụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ha na abọm nke abụọ ha, The Infamous, nke e wepụtara na 1995. <ref name="LarkinDM">{{Cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=1998|edition=First|isbn=0-7535-0252-6}}</ref> Mobb Deep rutere <ref name="LarkinDM" />'elu ihe nkiri hip-hop siri ike site na akụkọ doro anya nke Havoc na Prodigy banyere ndụ n'okporo ámá. <ref name="LarkinDM" />'ime abọm a, Mobb Deep gosipụtara mgba nke ibi na Queensbridge Houses nke New York City ebe Havoc tolitere. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ The Infamous, Mobb Deep ghọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na East Coast. Aha abọm ahụ sitere <ref>{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Albert "Prodigy"|url=|title=My Infamous Life: The Autobiography of Mobb Deep's Prodigy|date=2011|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-0318-0|edition=|location=New York|pages=53, 80|language=EN-US|oclc=}}</ref>'ike mmụọ nsọ nke enyi ya Yamit, onye na-akụ ọkpọ Golden Gloves, onye bi na Havoc's block na Queensbridge. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180126224003/http://www.mtv.com/music/#/music/artist/mobb_deep/bio.jhtml Mobb Deep] ''MTV'', Accessed 24 July 2007</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Albert "Prodigy"|url=|title=My Infamous Life: The Autobiography of Mobb Deep's Prodigy|date=2011|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-0318-0|edition=|location=New York|pages=80|oclc=}}</ref> kwuru "[Yamit] nwere 'The Most Infamous' egbugbu na biceps ya na ink ojii. Anyị abụworị Mobb Deep, mana ọ kpọrọ anyị Infamous Mobb Deep. " [1] Mmepụta nke abọm a gbara ọchịchịrị ma dabere na ekele Havoc, onye mepụtara ihe ndị ahụ site na nke a gaa n'ihu, ọ bụ ezie na Q-Tip nyekwara aka na mmepụta na ngwakọta. [2] <ref name="LarkinDM" />, egwu egwu "Shook Ones Part II," bụ remix na egwu "Shuok Ones," nwetara otuto. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobb Deep, 'The Infamous'|url=https://au.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-albums-of-all-time-32520/mobb-deep-the-infamous-2-32652/|accessdate=2022-07-26|work=Rolling Stone Australia (Citing Rolling Stone US)|date=27 October 2021|language=en-AU}}</ref>'afọ 2020, Rolling Stone toro The Infamous dị ka otu n'ime 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. == Egwuregwu vidio == Mobb Deep pụtara dị ka onwe ha dị ka ndị nwere ike igwu egwu na Def Jam: Fight For NY . == Nkọwapụta == === Abọm studio === * ''Hel Ndị Ntorobịa'' (1993) * ''Onye A Ma Ama'' (1995) * ''Hel n'Ụwa'' (1996) * ''Murda Muzik'' (1999) * Ihe ihere (2001) * Amerikaz Nightmare (2004) * ''Ego Ọbara'' (2006) * The Infamous Mobb Deep (2014) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mgbasa ozi metụtaraMobb Deepna Wikimedia Commons * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061220035120/http://www.prefixmag.com/features/M/Mobb-Deep/340 Ajụjụ ọnụ na Prodigy] - Prodigy Ajụjụjụ ọnụ nke 2006, Hip Hop Publication * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071230073855/http://www.riotsound.com/hip-hop/rap/interviews/Prodigy-Mobb-Deep/index.php Ajụjụ ọnụ Prodigy nke 2007, mbipụta Hip Hop] {{Mobb Deep}}{{Prodigy}}{{Authority control}} odaqulhu6kvcyco9o5ex88simqx6qh9 0 37836 655913 204420 2026-06-16T15:07:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Marina Niava|image=|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1985}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=Ivorian|other_names=|known_for=|years_active=2009-present|alma_mater=Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Communication|occupation=Film director, producer, screenwriter|notable_works=|parents=Pierre and Cécile Niava}} '''Marina Niava''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1985) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Ivorian, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na onye edemede. == Akụkọ ndụ == Niava <ref>{{Cite news|language=French|title=[Interview] Marina Niava, réalisatrice et cinéaste ivoirienne|work=Ayanawebzine|date=25 July 2014|url=https://ayanawebzine.com/en-vedette/marina-niava-realisatrice-cineaste-notre-cinema-est-vegetatif-et-ici-il-nexiste-pas-dindustrie-du-cinema/|accessdate=18 October 2020}}</ref> nwa nwanyị ikpeazụ nke Pierre na Cécile Niava, ha abụọ bụ ndị nkuzi asụsụ. Ọ zụlitere mmasị n'oge ọ bụ nwata na nka na akwụkwọ ma merie ọtụtụ ihe nrite akwụkwọ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lycée Sainte Marie d'Abidjan ma nata Series A Excellence Award. Mgbe ọ natasịrị diplọma ya na Journalism na Audiovisual Production site na Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Communication, Niava meriri asọmpi nke Radio JAM na-agba na Abidjan wee malite ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-enye ọzụzụ. <ref name="cineaste">{{Cite web|title=Marina Niava Cinéaste|url=https://www.abidjan.net/qui/profil.asp?id=981|work=Abidjan.net|accessdate=18 October 2020|language=French|archivedate=13 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513125613/http://abidjan.net/qui/profil.asp?id=981}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Abidjan.net'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka Africa 24. [1] Niava zụlitere mmasị <ref name="topsuccess">{{Cite web|url=https://www.africatopsuccess.com/2014/08/12/marina-niava-la-cineaste-ivoirienne-qui-perce-aux-usa/|title=Marina Niava : la cinéaste ivoirienne qui perce aux USA|date=12 August 2014|work=Africatopsuccess.com|archivedate=29 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229053440/https://www.africatopsuccess.com/2014/08/12/marina-niava-la-cineaste-ivoirienne-qui-perce-aux-usa/|accessdate=18 October 2020|language=French}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Africatopsuccess.com'' (in French). 12 August 2014. Archived from on 29 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> na ihe nkiri mgbe ọ na-ese ihe nkiri. Site na 2009 ruo 2010, Niava jere ozi dị ka onye edemede maka oge 1 nke usoro TV Teenager, nke natara onyinye maka usoro Afrịka kachasị mma na Vues d'Afrique Festival na Montreal. Ọ kwagara Oslo, Norway na 2010 wee bụrụ onye nduzi nkwukọrịta nke African Cultural Center. Niava lekọtara emume ihe nkiri Kino Afrika nke 2010 <ref name="cineaste"/> 2011 na Oslo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Caravane de L'excellence : La fondation Benianh lance l'étape de EMPT|url=https://news.abidjan.net/h/624792.html|work=Abidjan.net|accessdate=18 October 2020|date=26 October 2017|language=French|archivedate=5 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505072903/https://news.abidjan.net/h/624792.html}}</ref> bụ onye BENIANH International Foundation's Excellent Scholarship Program laureate na 2012. [1] N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, o duziri ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Noirs au soleil levant, banyere ndụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Afrịka na Tsukuba, Japan. E mechara ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ nke Niava, ''21'', na Disemba 2013. <ref name="cineaste"/> <ref>{{Cite news|language=French|author=Motte|first=Sophie|title=Télévision : les séries africaines crèvent l'écran|date=28 February 2018|work=[[Le Monde]]|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/02/28/television-les-series-africaines-crevent-l-ecran_5263576_3212.html|accessdate=18 October 2020}}</ref> bụ ego sitere na Organisation internationale de la Francophonie kwadoro ya. ''21'' bụ maka nwa agbọghọ na-enweghị ike ịnagide onye na-eto eto nne ya ma bụrụ naanị ihe nkiri Afrịka gosipụtara na Oakland International Film Festival. Niava duziri obere ọdachi Worse <ref name="topsuccess"/> 2014. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Young Media Professionals|url=https://www.commdev.org/young-media-professionals/#toggle-id-5|work=CommDev|accessdate=18 October 2020}}</ref> rụrụ ''Uru'' dị ka onye nhazi mmetụta pụrụ iche maka ihe nkiri 2015 Advantageous . [1] Niava gụsịrị nzere masta ya na Film na Television na Academy of Art University . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Portrait/Marina Niava: écrivaine et cinéaste dans l'âme|url=http://pressecotedivoire.ci/article/3918-portraitmarina-niava-ecrivaine-et-cineaste-dans-lame|work=Presse Cote d'Ivoire|accessdate=18 October 2020|language=French|date=26 October 2019|archivedate=18 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018184716/http://pressecotedivoire.ci/article/3918-portraitmarina-niava-ecrivaine-et-cineaste-dans-lame}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, Niava dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, American Dreamer . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Effoumy|first=Yannick|title=LA LISTE DES OUVRAGES FINALISTES DU PRIX IVOIRE 2017|url=https://lifemag-ci.com/la-liste-des-ouvrages-finalistes-du-prix-ivoire-2017/|accessdate=18 October 2020|work=Life Mag|date=2 August 2017|language=French}}</ref> bụ onye ikpeazụ maka 10th Prix Ivoire pour la Littérature Africaine d'Expression Francophone . [1] == Akụkụ nke ihe nkiri == * 2009-2010: Teenager (usoro ihe omume TV, onye edemede) * 2012: Noirs au soleil levant (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, onye nduzi) * 2013: ''21'' (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, onye edemede / onye nduzi) * 2014: Worse (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, onye edemede / onye nduzi) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [[imdbname:7513290|Marina Niava]] na Internet Movie Database[[IMDb|Ebe nchekwa data ihe nkiri n'ịntanetị]] {{Authority control}}gosipụtara na Oakland International Film Festival. Niava duziri obere ọdachi Worse 2014. rụrụ Uru dị ka onye nhazi mmetụta pụrụ iche maka ihe nkiri 2015 Advantageous . obere ọdachi. rụrụ Uru dị ka onye nhazi mmetụta pụrụ iche maka ihe nkir [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qodv6ewb3h9rq1jsu457k0jb6l7k8s7 0 38904 655918 163744 2026-06-16T16:52:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655918 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Mary Getui''' MBS (amụrụ 1959) bụ ọkà mmụta okpukpe Kenya na prọfesọ nke ọmụmụ okpukpe na Mahadum Katọlik nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa . <ref>{{Cite web|author=EWTN|title=Need for Consistent Dialogue among African Women Emphasized at Nairobi Conference|url=https://www.aciafrica.org/news/2937/need-for-consistent-dialogue-among-african-women-emphasized-at-nairobi-conference|accessdate=28 July 2022|work=ACI Africa|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ntọala nke Circle of Concerned African Women Theology . N'afọ 2009, a kpọrọ Getui aha Moran nke ube ọkụ . A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke National Aids Control Council nke Kenya n'otu afọ ahụ. == Akụkọ ndụ == N'ajụjụ ọnụ banyere ọrụ ya, Getui kwuru na a mụrụ ya na Thika, Kenya, na nna ya bụ onye uwe ojii. O kwuru na ya gara akwụkwọ na Kisii mgbe ọ bụ nwata, wee gaa St Mary's Nyabururu Girls High School na Loreto Convent Limuru Girls High School. Getui kwukwara na ya nwere mmasị ịghọ onye nkụzi malite n'oge ọ bụ nwata. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Getui|first=Mary|title=My dream is to see a HIV-free Kenya|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/eve-woman/article/2000053785/my-dream-is-to-see-a-hiv-free-kenya|accessdate=28 July 2022|work=The Standard|publisher=The Saturday Standard|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGetui">Getui, Mary. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/eve-woman/article/2000053785/my-dream-is-to-see-a-hiv-free-kenya "My dream is to see a HIV-free Kenya"]. ''The Standard''. The Saturday Standard<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Getui gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Nairobi na BA na Education na 1983. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Faculty Members – Catholic University of Eastern Africa|date=15 September 2020|url=https://www.cuea.edu/?page_id=7034|accessdate=28 July 2022|language=en-US|archivedate=2 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302145247/https://www.cuea.edu/?page_id=7034}}</ref> O wee kụzie ihe afọ abụọ na Upper Hill Secondary School, ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi na Kenya, ebe ọ kuziri okpukperechi. <ref name=":4"/> Getui maliteziri nkuzi na ngalaba ọmụmụ okpukperechi na mahadum Kenyatta . Ekele maka agụmakwụkwọ mmepe ndị ọrụ Mahadum Kenyatta, ọ nwere ike mechaa nzere masters of arts na ọmụmụ okpukpe sitere na Mahadum Nairobi na 1987. Ọ gara n'ihu na-aga n'ihu n'agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe ọ na-akụzi, wee nweta PhD na Education Religious site na Mahadum Kenyatta na 1994. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":0" /> Ọ ghọrọ Prọfesọ Associate, na 1996, bụ onye isi oche nke ngalaba mmụta okpukpe ha na Mahadum Kenyatta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Fiedler|first=NyaGondwe|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1007846412|title=History of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians 1989-2007.|date=2017|publisher=Mzuni Press|isbn=978-99960-45-23-3|pages=67|oclc=1007846412}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFiedler2017">Fiedler, NyaGondwe (2017). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1007846412 ''History of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians 1989-2007'']. Mzuni Press. p.&nbsp;67. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-99960-45-23-3|<bdi>978-99960-45-23-3</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1007846412 1007846412].</cite></ref> Na 1999, mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka oche, ọ chịkọtara ndị otu atụmatụ maka ọgbakọ seminarị nke African Association for Study of Religion (AASR); ọgbakọ ahụ, nke mbụ ndị AASR mere n’Afrịka, bụ ngalaba ọmụmụ okpukperechi na Mahadum Kenyatta nabatara ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hoehler-Fatton|first=Cynthia|date=2000|title=The African Association for the Study of Religions (AASR) Conference, Nairobi, Kenya July 27-30, 1999|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23551198|journal=Method & Theory in the Study of Religion|volume=12|issue=1|pages=422–425|doi=10.1163/157006800X00274}}</ref> O mesịrị ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Katọlik nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa, bụ́ ebe ọ na-akụzi Ọmụmụ okpukpe. <ref name=":0" /> Getui sonyeere Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians (EATWOT) ma bụrụ onye otu EATWOT Women's Commission. <ref>Fiedler, ''A History of the Circle'', p. 67.</ref> Na 1996, a họpụtara ya onye nhazi mpaghara mpaghara Afrịka maka ETWOT. <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 1996|title=Third World Theologians Appeal to Pope, Elect Women Executives|url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1996/12/20/third-world-theologians-appeal-to-pope-elect-women-executives&post_id=8622|accessdate=28 July 2022|work=UCA News|language=en|archivedate=28 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728144921/https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1996/12/20/third-world-theologians-appeal-to-pope-elect-women-executives&post_id=8622}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime agụmakwụkwọ ya gbadoro ụkwụ n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na nkà mmụta okpukpe Ndị Kraịst na mmụta mmụta okpukpe. Edemede ya banyere agụmakwụkwọ nkà mmụta okpukpe na Ụka Seventh-day Adventist ka etinyere na ''Handbook of Theological Education in Africa'', nke Isabel Apawo Phiri na Dietrich Werner deziri na nke Kansụl Ụwa nke Ụka bipụtara . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Apawo Phiri|first=Isabel|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/94195|title=Handbook of Theological Education in Africa|date=2013|publisher=Augsburg Fortress Publishers|isbn=978-1-5064-7589-9}}</ref> Site na nhọpụta onye isi ala, Getui ghọrọ onye isi oche nke National Aids Control Council of Kenya na June 2009. <ref name=":4"/> E hiwere kansụl a na 1999, mgbe onye isi ala n'oge ahụ Daniel arap Moi kwupụtara ọrịa nje HIV / AIDS ka ọ bụrụ ọdachi mba. N'ịkọwa na ahaghị oke nwoke na nwanyị nyere aka na mgbasa nke nje a, na-emetụtakwa ndị bu nje HIV/Aids na-adịghị mma, Kansụl ahụ mere ka isi ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị bụrụ ihe kacha mkpa n'ọrụ ya, malite na mmalite 2000s. <ref>{{Cite news|author=National AIDS Control Council|date=November 2002|title=Mainstreaming Gender into the Kenya National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan (2000-2005)|pages=iv|url=http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/countryreports/Kenya_NACC_Gender.pdf|accessdate=30 July 2022}}</ref> === Circle of Concerned African Women Theology === Na 1989, Getui bụ akụkụ nke obere atụmatụ atụmatụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa nwere ogo na okpukperechi ma ọ bụ nkà mmụta okpukpe, nke [[Mercy Oduyoye]] duziri, bụ onye haziri ọgbakọ kọntinent mbụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe ụmụ nwanyị Africa na [[Ghana]] na 1989. Na nnọkọ a, e hiwere Circle of Concerned African Women Theology (The Circle) iji kwado mmepe mmụta mmụta mmụta ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-aga n'ihu. <ref name=":1"/> Circle nwere ma mpaghara mpaghara na mpaghara mpaghara, nke na-ezukọ mgbe niile ma na-etinye aka na mkparịta ụka, nyocha na mbipụta. Getui sonyeere okirikiri East Africa na-anọchite anya Kenya, [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]] mgbe e hiwere ya ka ọgbakọ 1989 gachara, ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na gburugburu Mahadum Kenyatta dị na mpaghara, bụrụ onye nhazi na 1992. E mechara hazigharịa mpaghara ahụ ma guzobe okirikiri Kenya dịka isiakwụkwọ dị iche. <ref name=":2">Fiedler, ''A History of the Circle'', p. 63.</ref> Getui rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ n'ịhazi ọgbakọ abụọ maka Circle, na 1994 na 1996. N'afọ 1994, o nyere aka hazie ọgbakọ Zonal South na East Africa nke e mere na Nairobi. Na 1996, e nwere ọgbakọ kọntinent nke Circle na Nairobi, Getui bụkwa onye isi oche kọmitii nhazi mpaghara. <ref name=":2">Fiedler, ''A History of the Circle'', p. 63.</ref> Ya na [[Grace Wamue]], o deziri akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke Circle bipụtara, nke isiokwu ya bụ ''ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị: Echiche nke ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe ụmụ nwanyị Kenya'' . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hinga|first=Teresia M.|date=2002|title=African Feminist Theologies, the Global Village, and the Imperative of Solidarity across Borders: The Case of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002427|journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion|volume=18|issue=1|pages=81|issn=8755-4178}}</ref> Na 2002, o deziri ya na [[Hazel Ayanga]], akwụkwọ aha ya bụ ''Conflicts in Africa: A Women Response'', nke Kenya Chapter nke Circle bipụtara. <ref name=":3">Fiedler, ''A History of the Circle'', p. 63-64.</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Getui bụ onye otu ụka Adventist nke ụbọchị asaa . <ref name=":3">Fiedler, ''A History of the Circle'', p. 63-64.</ref> Ọ lụọla nwaanyị, mụtakwa ụmụ atọ. <ref name=":4"/> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == Na 2009, Getui mere Moran nke ube ọkụ; nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe nrite kacha elu nke Kenya, nke onye isi ala nyere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu maka nkwanye ugwu maka ọrụ ọha. <ref>{{Cite news|date=11 December 2009|title=Award of Orders, Decorations and Medals Jamhuri Day, 12th of December 2009|pages=3572|work=The Kenya Gazette|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/2009/ke-government-gazette-dated-2009-12-11-no-104.pdf|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 December 2021|title=Kenyan Presidential Awards, Orders and Medals - Medals from Kenya|url=https://www.identifymedals.com/article/kenyan-presidential-awards-orders-and-medals/|accessdate=30 July 2022|language=en-US|archivedate=31 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731230529/https://www.identifymedals.com/article/kenyan-presidential-awards-orders-and-medals/}}</ref> Mahadum DePaul nyere Getui nzere nzere bachelọ na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Social Justice Champions to be Honored in Kenya|url=https://wdat.is.depaul.edu/newsroom/year_2012/2529.html|accessdate=30 July 2022|work=wdat.is.depaul.edu}}</ref> == Ọrụ ahọpụtara == === Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ === * Ya na Grace Wamue ''.'' ''Ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị: Ntụgharị uche sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe ụmụ nwanyị Kenya (1996)''  * ''Ụzọ nkà mmụta okpukpe na akụkụ nke ofufe n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst nke Africa'' (1998)  * Mụ na Peter Kanyandago. ''Site na Ime ihe ike ruo Udo: Ihe ịma aka maka Iso Ụzọ Kraịst nke Africa'' (1999)  * Mụ na AH de Jong. ''Agbụrụ: Ngọzi ma ọ bụ nkọcha'' (1999)  * na Knut Holter; Victor Zinkuratire. ''Ịsụgharị Agba Ochie n’Africa'' (1999)  * Mụ na Emmanuel A. Obeng. ''Theology of Reconstruction: Exploratory Essays'' . (1999)  * Mụ na Samuel Tinyiko Maluleke na Justin S Ukpong. ''Ịsụgharị Agba Ọhụrụ n’Africa'' . (2001)  * Ya na Hazel Ayanga. ''Esemokwu dị n'Africa: Nzaghachi nwanyị (2002)''  * Mụ na Matthew M. Theuri. ''Achọ maka ndụ bara ụba n'Africa'' . (2002)  * Mụ na Wasye' Musyoni. ''Imeri Ime Ihe Ike: Nzaghachi dabere na okwukwe'' (2003) * Ya na JK Mugambi. ''Okpukpe dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa n'okpuru ijikọ ụwa ọnụ'' (2004)  * ''Nduzi di nma n'alụmdi na nwunye na ezi-na-ụlọ.'' (2008)  * Mụ na Luiz Carlos Susin na Beatrice W. Churu. ''Ime Mmụọ Maka Ụwa Ọzọ Pụrụ Ime'' . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789966724441|9789966724441]] == Edensibia == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lwzuyp6l0a7zcgbepfza27dd0492zpf 0 40397 656003 157803 2026-06-17T10:32:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656003 wikitext text/x-wiki Asọmpi Channel Islands na ndị na-achịkwa-achịkwa ( CICRA ) bụ aha ndị isi njikwa Jersey na ndị Guernsey Competition and Regulatory Authority, nke na-arụ ọrụ na Bailiwick nke Guernsey na Bailiwick nke Jersey na Channel Islands .  CICRA dị site na 2010 ruo 2020: ndị dị iche Guernsey na Jersey na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a n'adabereghị. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Emebere na Disemba 2010, CICRA nwere ọrụ maka inye na itinye iwu asọmpi (Jersey) 2005 na Iwu asọmpi (Guernsey) 2012. Ebumnuche nke iwu a bụ igbochi ndị na-azụ ahịa ka emerụ ha ahụ site na omume mgbochi asọmpi ma ọ bụ nrigbu n'ahịa. <ref name="CICRA2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cicra.gg/_files/Annual%20Report%202012.pdf|title=Annual Report 2012|publisher=CICRA|accessdate=22 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006003624/http://cicra.gg/_files/Annual%20Report%202012.pdf|archivedate=6 October 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Oxera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxera.com/getmedia/17401ec0-3dba-44f0-8b7e-cbc83208042e/A-review-of-the-Jersey-regulatory-and-competition-framework.pdf.aspx?ext=.pdf|title=A review of the Jersey regulatory and competition framework|publisher=Oxera|date=16 November 2015|accessdate=22 December 2016|archivedate=8 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708063352/http://www.oxera.com/getmedia/17401ec0-3dba-44f0-8b7e-cbc83208042e/A-review-of-the-Jersey-regulatory-and-competition-framework.pdf.aspx?ext=.pdf}}</ref>Emere egwu iguzobe otu ihe n'ihi myirịta nke mkpa yana mbelata nke mbị-ụzọ site na akụ na azụ .  Ihe edemede dị na CICRA nwere oke Akụsara ahụ nkwonkwo ahụ na Julaị 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 2020|title=CICRA Announcement|url=https://www.gcra.gg/blog/cicra-announcement/|accessdate=18 March 2021|work=Guernsey Competition and Regulatory Authority|archivedate=21 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421050451/https://www.gcra.gg/blog/cicra-announcement/}}</ref> == Mpaghara ọrụ == Akụkụ ọrụ bụ: <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cicra.gg/_files/Strategic%20Aims.pdf|title=Strategic Aims|publisher=CICRA}}</ref> * ''Iwu asọmpi'' ** Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ọrụ bụ nke ezi uche dị na ya, ndị ọzọ dị ka ọrụ inyocha njikọ na nnweta bụ nke iwu kwadoro. * ''Nzikọrịta ozi'' ** Onye nhazi * ''Ngalaba nzi ozi'' ** Onye na-achịkwa na-eleba anya n'ịdị mma na ọrụ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ * ''Eletriki - Guernsey 2012'' ** Onye nhazi * ''ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - Jersey 2015'' ** Ikike nchịkwa akụ na ụba, iji chebe ma kwalite ọdịmma nke ndị ọrụ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ebe kwesịrị ekwesị na-akwalite asọmpi == bọọdụ == Ndị otu CICRA nwere onyeisi oche, ndị isi atọ na ndị isi atọ na-abụghị ndị isi. E nwere ihe na-erughị ndị ọrụ iri gbasasịrị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị n'agwaetiti abụọ ahụ. <ref name="CICRA2012"/> == Ebe esemokwu == <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://guernseypress.com/news/2017/01/30/cicra-drops-inquiry-into-alleged-states-contract-abuse-due-to-funds-delay/|title=Cicra drops inquiry into alleged States contract abuse due to funds delay|work=[[Guernsey Press]]|date=30 January 2017|accessdate=2 May 2020}}</ref> akụkụ nke CICRA mere maka mmejọ akara steeti Guernsey nwere na 2016 gbochiri ka steeti inye CICRA ego dị mkpa.  [1] Ewepụrụ ahụ ahụ na Jenụwarị 2017 Inwe ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ na-achịkwa, dị ka Jersey Post na Guernsey Electricity, nwere ike iwepụtapụta<ref name="Oxera"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}} [[Òtù:Ikike Nri]] 4oe4xzgvdkh6eu15t9pm7jklt70txwa 0 42039 655926 589035 2026-06-16T19:18:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655926 wikitext text/x-wiki   Mee ka ndị ogbenye ihe mere eme-Emirates ( MPHE- / MPH-Emirates ) bụ njikọ mepere nke UAE, òtù na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji ndị ogbenye zuru ụwa ọnụ ma nyere aka na mmezu nke Millennium Development Goals (MDG's  ) site na 2005 ruo 2009 Anish Kattukaran hibere egwu ahụ na 2005 wee kpọọ puku kwuru iri puku mmadụ iji kwado ya, mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mba ma kwado maka akwụkwọ ya.  Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka ogwe aka mba nke Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP), njikọ aka nke ire ogbenye n'ụwa. == Nchịkọta == Mee ka ndị ogbenye ihe mere eme-echere na mbụ mbụ ka ọ bụrụ mgbasa ozi na-ewe otu afọ, tolitere ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ otu mba na-egosi ogbenye.  Mgbasa ozi ahụ wulitere ike mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ tupu ọpụta apụta.  E hiwere ahụ n'April 2005 wee isi dị ka njikọ aka na 'Initiation Conference' na Fairmont Dubai na September 2005. Na 'Ogbako akwa', MPH-Emirates akwụkwọ onwe ya na GCAP na mmepụta ya, na-etolite ogwe aka mba UAE nke ọma.  ngwaọrụ a gbatịpụrụ ikike nke ọrụ ọrụ nke 2007 n'usoro GCAP me iselu 'Nkwuwapụta Beirut' (GCAP's Mandate).  Mee Manchester ogbenye-Emirates ga-amụ ịgba ịgbatị, ahụ, 2007 dabere na echiche echiche mba GCAP na Montevideo, Uruguay na Mee 2007. == Achọ == Mee akụkọ ịda ogbenye-Emirates kwadoro na: * Ịkwalite mmata na isi okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka oke ịda ogbenye, agụụ, ọrịa na agụmakwụkwọ. * Ịkpọkọta ọha na eze na isi ụbọchị zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwado okwu ndị a. * Inye aka na mmezu nke ebumnuche mmepe nke puku afọ * Ịkwalite ọrụ afọ ofufo n'etiti ọha na eze United Arab Emirates N'ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, mmekorita ahụ na-esetịpụ ihe achọrọ nke The Global Call to Action Against Poverty, mkpọsa nne na nna ya. Enwere nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche n'etiti otu anyị, mana anyị maara na anyị ga-akawanye mma ma anyị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. Anyị anaghị agba mbọ iru nkwekọrịta zuru oke na amụma zuru oke, mana anyị chọrọ ịmanye gọọmentị ka ha kpochapụ ịda ogbenye, belata oke nhata n'ụzọ dị egwu, wee nweta ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium. Ihe achọrọ: * Azịza nke ọha, naanị ọchịchị na mmezu nke ikike mmadụ * Azụmahịa ikpe ziri ezi * Mmụba dị ukwuu na ọnụọgụ na ogo enyemaka yana ego maka mmepe * Ịkagbu ụgwọ == Njikọ Mgbasa Ozi Mba == Mee Manchester ogbenye-Emirates bụ ogwe aka mba nke The Global Call to Action Against Poverty ma ọ bụ GCAP.  GCAP nwere njikọ aka mba na-arụ ọrụ na ihe nna otu ụmụnna mba, ole na ole n'ime ha ka n'okpuru ebe a, maka ndepụta zuru ezu biko hụ [1] * Mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ - Oku zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mee ihe megide ịda ogbenye [http://www.whiteband.org] * 2005: plus d'excuses - France [http://www.2005plusdexcuses.org] * Deine Stimme Gegen Armut - Germany [https://web.archive.org/web/20160331112208/http://www.deine-stimme-gegen-armut.de//] * Hottokenai, Sekai no Mazushisa - Japan [https://web.archive.org/web/20061109123856/http://hottokenai.jp/] * Mee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịda ogbenye - Australia [https://web.archive.org/web/20050417232632/http://www.makepovertyhistory.com.au/] * Mee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịda ogbenye - Canada [https://web.archive.org/web/20061030234702/http://www.makepovertyhistory.ca/] * Mee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịda ogbenye - Ireland [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004045311/http://makepovertyhistory.ie/] * Mee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịda ogbenye - Emirates (UAE) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070803045423/http://www.makepovertyhistory.ae/] * Mee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịda ogbenye - United Kingdom [https://web.archive.org/web/20040916042045/http://www.makepovertyhistory.org/] * Mee ka ịda ogbenye bụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme - Nigeria [https://web.archive.org/web/20091122175129/http://www.makepovertyhistoryng.org/] * Mgbasa ozi otu ahụ - Singapore [http://www.onesingapore.org] * Otu mkpọsa - USA * SANGOCO - South Africa * Wada Na Todo - India * Alliance Contre la pauvrete ma ọ bụ Mali (GCAP-Mali) * Enweghị Mgbaghara ọzọ - Philippines [http://www.rockedphilippines.org] == Hụkwa == * Oke ịda ogbenye * Oku zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mee ihe megide ịda ogbenye * Mee Ogbenye Akụkọ == Ntụaka == https://web.archive.org/web/20120206231633/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/theuae/2005/september/theuae_september225.xml [http://www.7days.ae/2005/12/09/charity-walk.html{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} http://www.7days.ae/2005/12/09/charity-walk.html %5B%5D] https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131009/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/10/11/10073916.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125605/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/10/18/10075751.html https://web.archive.org/web /20070929125605/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/10/18/10075751.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120206231702/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/theuae/2006/october/theuae_october174.xml http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/theuae/2006 theuae_october174.xml] https://web.archive.org/web/20120206231713/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/theuae/2006/october/theuae_october537.xml [http://www.godubai.com/citylife/press_release_page.asp?id=7048&search http://www.godubai.com/citylife/page_aspid? 7048&search] http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20061014042901 http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20061019043253 [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226053618/http://malijet.com/actualite-politique-au-mali/flash-info/195037-conduite-des-odd-au-mali-l%E2%80%99alliance-contre-la-pauvret%C3%A9-d%C3%A9nonce-l.html http://malijet.com/actualite-politique- /195037-conduite-des-odd-au-mali-l%E2%80%99alliance-contre-la-pauvret%C3%A9-d%C3%A9nonce-l.html] == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.whiteband.org/ Whiteband.org - Oku zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mee ihe megide saịtị gọọmentị ịda ogbenye] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230208164322/https://www.whitebandbook.org/ Akwụkwọ White Band - Nyochaa ndị mmadụ na ihe omume na 2005] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] byis1ycps5yykeor3a0l5pt9vh1qn0p 0 45062 656002 211732 2026-06-17T10:06:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Les inqualifiables''' bụ onye na-atọ ọchị Moroccan duo, tọrọ ntọala na 2013 ma mejupụtara Oubeid Allah Hlal na Amine Belghazi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=Ouafaa Bennani, LE|title=Les Inqualifiables Amine et Oubeid : un duo hors pair|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2017/les-inqualifiables-amine-et-oubeid-un-duo-hors-pair/273790.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=lematin.ma|language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-23|title=الثنائي أمين وعبيد الله: لا نخدش الحياء .. والفكاهة جدية وعطاء|url=https://www.hespress.com/الثنائي-أمين-وعبيد-الله-لا-نخدش-الحياء-441024.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية|language=ar}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Na April 17, 2014, les inqualifiables mere ha mpụta mbụ na ogbo na show ''Qui es-tu'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-08|title=Comedy duo "Les Inqualifiables", to conquer the world in a tour|url=http://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/comedy-duo-les-inqualifiables-conquer-world-tour-25570|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Moroccan Ladies|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111151616/http://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/comedy-duo-les-inqualifiables-conquer-world-tour-25570}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Actualité culturelle marocaine - Humour {{!}} Les Inqualifiables : qui sont-ils ?|url=https://fnh.ma/article/culture-societe/les-inqualifiables-qui-sont-ils-entretien|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=fnh.ma|language=fr}}</ref> Na 2016, ha na Hassan El Fad jikọrọ aka na ''Hassan EL Fad ou rba3to.'' <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hassan El Fad ou RBA3TOU|url=http://www.babelfan.ma/tous-les-evenements/detail/2017/04/21/26570/35441/all/all/0/-/hassan-el-fad-ou-rba3tou.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.babelfan.ma|language=fr-fr}}</ref> N'August 2017, ha sonyere na mbipụta nke mbụ nke Juste pour rire festival na Agadir. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Agadir : coup d'envoi de la 1ère édition du festival "Juste pour rire Agadir" - La Vie éco|url=https://www.lavieeco.com/culture/agadir-coup-denvoi-de-la-1ere-edition-du-festival-juste-pour-rire-agadir/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.lavieeco.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Na 2018, ha sonyere na Gala Marocain du Marrakech du rire, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Marrakech Du Rire : Une soirée d’ouverture réussie|url=https://www.quid.ma/a-la-une/marrakech-du-rire-:-une-soiree-d%E2%80%99ouverture-reussie|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Quid.ma|language=fr}}</ref> yana ihe ngosi [[Jamel Debbouze]] na Megarama na Casablanca . Na Jenụwarị 2019, ha malitere njem nlegharị anya ụwa na ihe ngosi ọhụrụ ha ''Si ya moi ya toi'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=" Les Inqualifiables ", une tournée mondiale et une série de dates au Maroc|url=https://femmesdumaroc.com/actualite/les-inqualifiables-une-tournee-mondiale-et-une-serie-de-dates-au-maroc-48222|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=femmesdumaroc|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029235605/https://femmesdumaroc.com/actualite/les-inqualifiables-une-tournee-mondiale-et-une-serie-de-dates-au-maroc-48222}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Moroccan Comedy Duo ‘Les Inqualifiables’ Perform Across the US|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/05/273033/moroccan-comedy-les-inqualifiables-us|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.moroccoworldnews.com|language=en}}</ref> Na Mee 2019, ha na-ahazi mbipụta nke ise nke mmemme Aji Tahdam, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-18|title=Festival "Aji T'hdm": "Les Inqualifiables" offrent un show époustouflant|url=https://fr.hespress.com/72310-festival-aji-thdm-les-inqualifiables-offrent-un-show-epoustouflant.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Hespress Français|language=fr-FR}}</ref> nke nwere ntinye aka nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe, ọkachasị, [[Hanane el-Fadili|Hanane El Fadili]] na otu nwoke ya na-egosi ''Hanane Show'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-09|title=Comedian Hanane El Fadili to perform at Aji T'hdm festival on May 18th|url=http://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/comedian-hanane-el-fadili-perform-aji-thdm-festival-may-18th-27563|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Moroccan Ladies|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111151613/http://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/comedian-hanane-el-fadili-perform-aji-thdm-festival-may-18th-27563}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-19|title=Festival "Aji T'hdem": Très belle prestation de Hanane Fadili en tombée de rideau|url=https://fr.hespress.com/72497-festival-aji-thdem-tres-belle-prestation-de-hanane-fadili-en-tombee-de-rideau.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Hespress Français|language=fr-FR}}</ref> na Amine Radi ya na ya. gosi ''Va dormir Va'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-14|title=Festival " Aji T’hdm " : Le spectacle " Va dormir va " de Amine Radi, un franc succès !|url=https://fr.le7tv.ma/2019/05/14/festival-aji-thdm-le-spectacle-va-dormir-va-de-amine-radi-un-franc-succes/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Le7tv.ma|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030171920/https://fr.le7tv.ma/2019/05/14/festival-aji-thdm-le-spectacle-va-dormir-va-de-amine-radi-un-franc-succes/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=ALAOUI|first=Kenza|title=Amine Radi ouvre le festival " Aji T’hdm" avec son spectacle " Va dormi va "|url=https://fr.machahid24.com/culture/855.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Machahid24.com|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111151614/https://fr.machahid24.com/culture/855.html}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == 2014: ''Gịnị mere?'' (Ị bụ onye?) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Les inqualifiables: Qui es tu?|url=http://www.babelfan.ma/tous-les-evenements/detail/2014/07/25/10867/15838/1/Spectacles/-/les-inqualifiables-qui-es-tu.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.babelfan.ma|language=fr-fr}}</ref> 2015: ''2 heures de rire'' (awa 2 nke ọchị) 2015: ''Aji Tahdam 1'' 2016: ''Hassan EL Fad o rba3to <ref name=":0"/>'' 2016: ''Aji Tahdam 2'' 2017: ''Aji Tahdam 3'' 2017: ''Ndị na-erughị eru na Marrakech du rire'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Marrakech du Rire: Une 4ème édition pour faire le plein d’humour|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/marrakech-du-rire-une-4eme-edition-pour-faire-le-plein-dhumour|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Erson|first=Sébastien|date=2017-05-04|title=Marrakech du rire 2017 : Un programme 5 étoiles !|url=https://www.nextplz.fr/tele/124254-marrakech-du-rire-2017-un-programme-5-etoiles|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=NextPlz|language=fr-FR}}</ref> 2017: ''Ndị erughị eru na mmemme Afrique Du Rire'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Afrique du rire: Oualas ouvre le bal aujourd’hui - Abidjan.net News|url=https://news.abidjan.net/articles/625129/afrique-du-rire-oualas-ouvre-le-bal-aujourd8217hui|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=news.abidjan.net|language=fr|archivedate=2022-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111151613/https://news.abidjan.net/articles/625129/afrique-du-rire-oualas-ouvre-le-bal-aujourd8217hui}}</ref> 2018: ''Ememme Aji Tahdam'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-04|title="Les inqualifiables", encore inqualifiables en 2018 !|url=https://actuelles.ma/inqualifiables-inqualifiables-2018/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Actuelles - Magazine de la femme marocaine|language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=LesEco.ma|date=2018-05-25|title=Quand les "Inqualifiables" font leur festival !|url=https://leseco.ma/culture/quand-les-inqualifiables-font-leur-festival.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=LesEco.ma|language=fr-FR}}</ref> 2018: ''Hadou Houma Hna'' 2019: ''Si'a moi y'a tour'' tour <ref>{{Cite web|title="Les Inqualifiables" entament une tournée mondiale|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/les-inqualifiables-entament-une-tournee-mondiale|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=diplomatique|first=Maroc|date=2019-09-11|title=De Casablanca à Paris, les inqualifiables poursuivent leur tournée|url=https://maroc-diplomatique.net/de-casablanca-a-paris-les-inqualifiables-poursuivent-leur-tournee/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Maroc Diplomatique|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Mgbapụta == * ''Dak Tkhssr'' * ''NB!'' ''nwere obi ụtọ'' <ref>{{Cite web|title="نويطا بيني".. "Les Inqualifiables" ينشرون مفهوما جديدا|url=https://walaw.press/نويطا-بيني..--Les-Inqualifiables-ينشرون-مفهوما-جديدا/مقالات/GXXRRPWWXSGG|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=ولو}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * ''nde 30'' (mmekọrịta enyi na enyi) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 34b85x0q19ethufemkw4c9r9xx5h5q6 0 45109 655904 167391 2026-06-16T12:30:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Mambanye Coulibaly|occupation=Film director|years active=|notable_works=La Geste de Ségou!|birth_date={{birth-date|2 May 1957}}|birth_place=[[Kayes]], Mali|death_date={{d-da|7 February 2015|2 May 1957}}|death_place=Kayes, Mali}} {{Databox}}'''Mambaye Coulibaly''' (1957–2015) bụ onye ntụzi ihe nkiri Malian, onye sụrụ ụzọ ihe nkiri na sinima Africa . == Ndụ == Mambaye Coulibaly mụrụ na 2 Mee 1957 na Kayes . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ iwu, ọ tụgharịrị na fim na 1987. <ref name="MaliWeb">Assane Koné, [https://www.maliweb.net/necrologie/cinema-malien-en-deuil-mambaye-coulibaly-le-precurseur-du-cinema-danimation-africain-nest-plus-801742.html Cinéma malien en deuil : Mambaye Coulibaly, le précurseur du cinéma d’animation africain n’est plus], ''MaliWeb'', 13 February 2015.</ref> ''La Geste de Ségou!'' (1989), nke Coulibaly dekwara egwu ahụ, bụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke sitere na ihe omume mere eme na Bambara Alaeze Ukwu Ségou . <ref name="Malijet">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191031072503/http://malijet.com/la_societe_malienne_aujourdhui/124392-mambaye-coulibaly%2C-r%C3%A9alisateur-le-pr%C3%A9curseur-du-cin%C3%A9ma-d%E2%80%99animati.html Mambaye Coulibaly, réalisateur : Le précurseur du cinéma d’animation africain a tiré sa révérence], ''Malijet'', 28 February 2015.</ref> Onye na-ede egwuregwu Ivorian [[Werewere Liking]] haziri ụmụ nkịta maka ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref name="Harrow1997">{{Cite book|author=Kenneth W. Harrow|title=With Open Eyes: Women and African Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9es6zZIb-NcC&pg=PA169|year=1997|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=90-420-0154-2}}</ref> Na 1996 Coulibaly malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ogologo oge, ''Le Pouvoir de Ségou'', oru ngo eweghachiri na 2009 dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ''Euromédiatoon'' . Ọ dị nwute na ọrịa ogologo oge gbochiri imecha ihe nkiri ahụ. Coulibaly nwụrụ na 7 February 2015 na Kayes. <ref name="Malijet"/> == Ihe nkiri == * ''La Geste de Ségou!'' , 1989 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0183409}} hztxrrr9oggaa0lh2zw8i6mmioh1xv9 0 45736 655924 589033 2026-06-16T18:48:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655924 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em;" |+ class="infobox-title fn" id="4" style="line-height: 1.2em;" |Mayka ! colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Personal information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Full name | colspan="3" class="infobox-data nickname" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;" | Milagrosa Mecheba Ebaco |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Date of birth | colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;" | <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1987-02-12</span>) </span>12 February 1987<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&nbsp;37)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Place of birth | colspan="3" class="infobox-data birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;" | [[Bata, Equatorial Guinea|Bata]], Equatorial Guinea<ref><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFMecheba2011"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="171">Mecheba, Milagrosa (20 June 2011). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="172">[http://maykapintoraecuatoguinenana.blogspot.com/2011/06/mayka-mecheba.html "Mayka Mecheba"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="173"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</span></cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Height | colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;" | 1.62&nbsp;m (5&nbsp;ft 4&nbsp;in)<ref name="Tsp"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071625/http://transfer-sport.com/s/nogomet/search/1536/12/375/milagrosa_mecheba "Milagrosa Mecheba"]. </cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Position(s) | colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;" | [[Midfielder]],<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240527170244/http://ffemenino.es/component/joomsport/team/6/90 "C. D. Asoc. Vecinos San Nicasio"] (in Spanish). </cite></ref> [[Forward (association football)#Winger|winger]]<ref name="Tsp" /> |- ! colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Team information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Current team</div> | colspan="3" class="infobox-data org" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;" | Inter Promesas |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Number | colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | 6 |- ! colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |Senior career* |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Years | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | '''Team''' | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | '''<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;League appearances</nowiki&gt;">Apps</abbr>''' | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | '''(<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;League goals</nowiki&gt;">Gls</abbr>)''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2011</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | Torrelodones CF | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2011–2012</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | [[Madrid CFF]] | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2012–2013</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | CDAV San Nicasio | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2014–2018</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | CD Amistades Guadalajara | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | 96 | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | (40) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2018–2019</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | EMF Fuensalida | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | 23+ | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | (14+) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2019–2020</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | Dinamo Guadalajara | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | 1 | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | (0) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2020–2021</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | AD Fundación | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | 12 | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | (13) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2023–</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | Inter Promesas | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | 2 | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | (0) |- ! colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em" |International career^‡ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |<span style="font-weight:normal">2017–</span> | class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;" | [[Equatorial Guinea women's national football team|Equatorial Guinea]] | class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | 1 | class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right" | (0) |- | colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="color:darkslategray; font-size:95%" | <nowiki>*</nowiki>Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 19 February 2023<br /><br />‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 26 November 2017 |} {{Databox}}'''Milagrosa Mecheba Ebaco''' (amụrụ 12 February 1987), nke a na-akpọkarị '''Mayka''', bụ onye Equatorial Guinean na-ese ihe na onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-egwu egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ egwuregwu maka Primera Madrid club CD Inter Promesas na ndị otu mba ụmụ nwanyị Equatorial Guinea . O nwekwara ikike ịbụ nwa amaala Spen. == Ọrụ klọb == Mayka malitere na Torrelodones CF na Segunda División . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torrelodonescf.com/pnfg/NPcd/NFG_VerNoticia?cod_primaria=3000181&cod_noticia=3358|publisher=Torrelodones CF|title=Femenino A 2-1 Villarreal CF|language=Spanish|date=10 January 2011|accessdate=10 December 2017}}</ref> Ọ merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu n'oge njedebe ikpeazụ nke mgbasa ozi 2010-2011. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.torrelodones.es/images/archivos/revista/2011/mayo11.pdf|language=Spanish|title=El fútbol femenino se consolida|work=Torre Fútbol|publisher=Revista Municipal de Torrelodones|date=11 May 2011|accessdate=10 December 2017|archivedate=6 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906065951/http://www.torrelodones.es/images/archivos/revista/2011/mayo11.pdf}}</ref> Ọ kwagara Madrid CFF maka oge ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportiumnews.com/michel-gonzalez-ficha-por-el-madrid-club-de-futbol-femenino/|title="Michel" Gonzalez ficha por el Madrid Club de Futbol Femenino|date=27 October 2011|accessdate=10 December 2017|language=Spanish|archivedate=10 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072526/http://www.sportiumnews.com/michel-gonzalez-ficha-por-el-madrid-club-de-futbol-femenino/}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọgbakọ Segunda División CDAV San Nicasio n'oge ọkọchị nke 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdsannicasio.wordpress.com/femenino-a/|title=Femenino "A" (PLANTILLA 2012/2013)|publisher=CD San Nicasio|accessdate=10 December 2017|language=Spanish|archivedate=10 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072512/https://cdsannicasio.wordpress.com/femenino-a/}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo n'etiti mgbasa ozi 2013-2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdsannicasio.wordpress.com/?s=mayka|title=Resultados de búsqueda por: mayka|language=Spanish|publisher=CD San Nicasio|accessdate=10 December 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara CD Amistades Guadalajara, na-akpọra ha egwuregwu mbụ ya na 1 Maachị 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ffcm.es/pnfg/NFG_CmpPartido?cod_primaria=1000120&CodActa=158478&cod_acta=158478|title=Ficha Partido|language=Spanish|publisher=Federación Fútbol Castilla la Mancha|date=1 March 2014|accessdate=10 December 2017}}</ref> N'ime ọtụtụ afọ, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi ndị otu. Na mbido 2018, ọ hapụrụ ndị otu ya ogologo oge Amistades Guadalajara isonye n'akụkụ Segunda División EMF Fuensalida. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mayka mere mba mbụ ya maka Equatorial Guinea na 26 November 2017, na-abịa dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ọkara nke abụọ na 4-0 n'ụlọ enyi na enyi megide Comoros . == Ntụaka == n'etiti mgbasa ozi 2013-2014. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagaran'etiti mgbasa ozi 2013-2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdsannicasio.wordpress.com/?s=mayka|title=Resultados de búsqueda por: mayka|language=Spanish|publisher=CD San Nicasio|accessdate=10 December 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pdk0ivhp7i5hkqi70zeami8gr8eoaw0 0 48432 655916 246720 2026-06-16T15:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655916 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:John Wesley statue, Savannah, GA, US.jpg|thumb|John Wesley statue, Savannah, GA, US.]] Marshall Harrison Daugherty (Septemba 6, 1915 - ụgbọ 28, 1991) bụ onye ọkpụ ọkpụ America na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti etiti-ọgwụ ike afọ 20. == Ndụ na ọrụ == Otu nwa agbọghọ na September 6, 1915 na Seattle, Washington <ref>{{Cite web|title=Daugherty, Marshall Harrison|url=http://dickjohnsonsdatabank.com/daugherty-marshall-harrison.html|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Dick Johnson's Databank}}</ref> Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Yale na Robert Eberhard yana Carl Milles na Cranbrook Educational Community na Bloomfield Hills, Michigan . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography|url=https://www.juliemccraneybrogdon.com/biography|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=J McCraney-Brogdon|language=en}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka 1934, mgbe Daugherty nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, ọ zutere onye edemede Harry Stillwell Edwards na Kingfisher Cabin na ubi Edwards na Holly Bluff, na nso Macon, Georgia, ebe Daugherty bụ oche nke ngalaba nka na Mahadum Mercer.  .  Daugherty ntọala ntọala ngalaba na 1946 na Tony Stansfeld.  [1] Daugherty mechara kpụrụ bọs Edwards. <ref name="vault">{{Cite web|title=CONTENTdm|url=https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/vg2/id/4176|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=vault.georgiaarchives.org}}</ref> Daugherty lụrụ Gertrude Earle "Trudy" Baker, onye ya na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ: Deryl Dantzler na Carla McAuley. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercer Lawyer by Mercer University/Marketing Communications - Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/mercerian/docs/mercerlawyer_fall13_smpl|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=issuu.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406034740/https://issuu.com/mercerian/docs/mercerlawyer_fall13_smpl}}</ref> <ref name="trudy">{{Cite web|title=Gertrude Baker "Trudy" Daugherty Obituary (2011) The Telegraph|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/macon/name/gertrude-daugherty-obituary?id=20918990|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Legacy.com}}</ref> Banyere ihe oyiyi John Wesley nke e wuru na 1969 na Reynolds Square, Savannah, Georgia, Marshall kwuru, sị: “Oge a bụ ka o si na echiche ya le ese ya anya, na-achọ ikwu okwu ma na-esetị aka nri ya.  n'ịhụnanya, pịa òkù., na agbamume n'ụzọ dị iche, aka jidesie Bible ike ma dị ike—ebe anyị na Onye Pụrụ Ime Ihe Nile nọ.” <ref>{{Cite web|title=John Wesley, 1703-1791: Founder of Methodism|url=https://georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/john-wesley-1703-1791-founder-of-methodism/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Georgia Historical Society|language=en-US}}</ref> Daugherty nwụrụ na Eprel 28, 1991, ọ dị afọ 75. Ọ tụfuru anya ya ihe dị ka afọ iri tupu mgbe ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-10-28|title=Happy Day!|url=https://charlsiekate.com/2010/10/28/happy-day/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=the thin line between optimism and delusion...|language=en}}</ref> Nwunye-ya rapuru ya rue arọ orú; ọ nwụrụ na June 13, 2011, afọ 92. <ref name="trudy"/> == Ọrụ ahọpụtara == * John Wesley Statue, Reynolds Square, Savannah, Georgia (1989) <ref name="osg">[http://www.officialsavannahguide.com/article_8.shtml Official Savannah Guide's ''Tour Savannah's Squares''], accessed June 16, 2007.</ref> <ref name="conner">[http://www.seesavannah.com/sample.pdf See Savannah] by T.D. Conner (2001), accessed June 14, 2007</ref> * Harry Stillwell Edwards Bust (ugbu a n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ Ncheta Washington dị na Macon, Georgia; c. 1936 ) <ref name="vault"/> * Pan na-eto eto (1986) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fine Art {{!}} Museum of Arts and Sciences|url=https://www.masmacon.org/art-at-mas/|accessdate=2022-04-06|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208162040/https://www.masmacon.org/art-at-mas/}}</ref> N'afọ 1981, e mere ihe oyiyi ikpeazụ nke Daugherty maka Trav na Kate Paine, na ebe nchekwa nwa ya mmetụta dị afọ ise, Alice, bụ onye gburu site na ọrịa ahụ ihe ndụ nketa n'afọ gara aga, ebe ọ na-  ọrịa afọ atọ.  Ezuru ihe oyiyi ahụ na September 2010, mana a napụtara ya n'anyị na-esote mgbe ọrụ nke Natalie Spires, onye òtù na onye ọka iwu iwu.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cain|first=Bianca|title=Memorial statue recovered|url=https://www.augustachronicle.com/story/news/2010/10/28/memorial-statue-recovered/14575555007/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=The Augusta Chronicle|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} ddbvdtrb3h2o72224ribe788hv0kjyw 0 49430 655999 179951 2026-06-17T08:52:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655999 wikitext text/x-wiki Nke a bụ '''ndepụta nke chains ụlọ ahịa na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]'''. * Gbakwunye Supermarket<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=7 October 2014|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307291509.html|title=Nigeria: Indigenous Supermarkets Are Stealing The Show|date=28 July 2013|first=Mohammed|author=Shosanya}}</ref> * [[FoodCo|Supermarkets FoodCo]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=FoodCo|url=https://www.foodco.ng/welcome.php|accessdate=2022-03-11|work=www.foodco.ng|archivedate=2022-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311140615/https://www.foodco.ng/welcome.php}}</ref> * Ụlọ Ahịa Egwuregwu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steady Growth of Nigeria's Retail Food Sector|first=Uche M.|author=Nzeka|date=21 December 2011|accessdate=8 October 2014|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture - Foreign Agricultural Service|url=https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Retail.pdf|archivedate=9 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309024622/http://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Retail.pdf}}</ref> * Ụlọ ahịa Jara <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/03/04/edpa-jara-nigeria-to-open-supermarket-in-benin/|title=EDPA, JARA Nigeria to Open Supermarket in Benin|date=4 March 2020|work=THISDAYLIVE|accessdate=11 March 2020}}<br /><br />- [https://web.archive.org/web/20240709235335/https://jaranigeria.com/ JARA Stores website]. Retrieved 11 March 2020.</ref> * Ihe mgbu<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/retailing-in-nigeria/report|title=Retailing In Nigeria: Market Research Report|date=March 2014|accessdate=7 October 2014|publisher=Euromonitor International}}</ref> * Supermarkets Spar<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/spar-opens-shop-in-nigeria-shoprite-not-fazed/3500/|title=Spar Opens Shop In Nigeria; Shoprite Not Fazed|accessdate=8 October 2014|date=25 August 2010|first=Claude|author=Harding|work=How We Made It In Africa}}</ref> * Nnukwu Ahịa Ace * Supermarket kwa ụbọchị * Ahịa Square * Ụlọ Ahịa == Hụkwa == == Ebenside == 9n2k9as2i3c3oay399dwv48re1izmgv 0 53643 655907 190876 2026-06-16T12:42:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655907 wikitext text/x-wiki   Manaka Inagawa amụrụ Machị 29,1991 bụ [[Onye na-eme egwuregwu shogi|Onye na-eme egwuregwu shogi nke ụmụ nwanyị]] Japan nọ n'ọkwa 2-[[Dan (ọkwá)|dan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/36.html|title=Joryū Kishi Dētabēsu: Inagawa Manaka|language=ja|publisher=[[Japan Shogi Association]]|accessdate=April 10, 2020|archivedate=December 14, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214052624/https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/36.html}}</ref> == Ọkachamara shogi nke ụmụ nwanyi == === Akụkọ nkwalite === Akụkọ nkwalite Inagawa bụ nke a: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/36.html#jsTabE04_02|title=Joryū Kishi Dētabēsu: Inagawa Manaka Shōdan Rireki|language=ja|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=April 8, 2021|archivedate=April 1, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401230102/https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/36.html#jsTabE04_02}}</ref> * 2- Kwụ : Octoba 1, 2006 * 1-kwa: Eprel 1, 2008 * 1-Dan: Julaị 12, 2013 * 2-Dan: Eprel 6, 2021 Mara: Ọkwa niile bụ ọkwa ọkachamara nke ụmụ nwanyị . == Ntụaka == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 38a70i78v9p7k9zlo21eldvzcluuvsg 0 54465 655915 213957 2026-06-16T15:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655915 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Marla Spivak''' (amụrụ 1955) bụ onye ọkà mmụta banyere anụ ahụ America, yana Prọfesọ Mahadum McKnight na Mahadum Minnesota bụ ọkachamara na apiculture na ụmụ ahụhụ na-elekọta mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/|title=Marla Spivak : Department of Entomology : College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences : University of Minnesota|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825090039/http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/|archivedate=2014-08-25}}</ref> == Ọrụ na nyocha == Spivak gụsịrị akwụkwọ na BA na Humboldt State University na Ph.D. sitere na Mahadum Kansas . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/43/|title=Marla Spivak — MacArthur Foundation|publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entomology.umn.edu/faculty-staff/marla-spivak|title=Marla Spivak|author=dalyx224|date=2014-08-11|work=Department of Entomology|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-07}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na-azụ ahịrị aṅụ mmanụ aṅụ nke na-achọpụta ma na-ewepụ ngwa ngwa larvae na pupae na-arịa ọrịa, nke a na-akpọ àgwà ịdị ọcha. <ref name="Spivak et al 2008">{{Cite journal|url=https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/the-future-of-the-mn-hygienic-stock-of-bees-is-in-good-hands|title=The Future of the MN Hygienic Stock of Bees is in Good Hands!|author=Spivak|first=Marla|date=December 2008|journal=[[American Bee Journal]]|volume=149|issue=10|pages=965–967|accessdate=August 8, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Spivak_(2008)">{{Cite web|author=Spivak|first=Marla|title=The Future of the MN Hygienic Stock of Bees is in Good Hands!|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279896898|work=ResearchGate|accessdate=28 January 2021}}</ref> Spivak enyochala nke ọma ihe kpatara na mmetụta nke Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), ihe omume ebe ndị aṅụ na-arụ ọrụ na-ahapụ ehi ehi mmanụ aṅụ. Ọ na-ekwu na CCD bụ ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, gụnyere nje nje, ọrịa, nri na-adịghị mma, nsị ọgwụ pesticide, na ọnwụ ebe obibi. Nchọpụta ya bu n'obi ịchọpụta ihe mgbakasị ahụ nke na-emebi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na emepụta ụzọ iji belata nrụgide ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://new.nsf.gov/news/marla-spivak-scientist-real-bee-her-bonnet|title=Marla Spivak: A Scientist with a Real Bee in Her Bonnet &#124; NSF - National Science Foundation|date=7 July 2011|accessdate=26 October 2024|archivedate=8 November 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108020453/https://new.nsf.gov/news/marla-spivak-scientist-real-bee-her-bonnet}}</ref> O nyere aka n'ịtọlite otu mbụ Bee Tech-Transfer Team na United States, <ref name="McNeil 2010">{{Cite web|url=https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/back-on-feet.pdf|title=Getting bees back on their own six feet|author=McNeil|first=M.E.A.|date=September 2010|work=[[American Bee Journal]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081530/https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/back-on-feet.pdf|accessdate=October 25, 2016|archivedate=2019-03-08}}</ref> <ref name="Lee 2011- Bee Informed Partnership Blog">{{Cite web|url=https://beeinformed.org/2011/06/07/origins/|title=Origins|author=Lee|first=Katie|date=June 2011|work=[[Bee Informed Partnership Blog]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129044200/https://beeinformed.org/2011/06/07/origins/|accessdate=October 25, 2016|archivedate=2020-11-29}}</ref> nke na-aga n'ihu na-enyere ndị na-azụ anụ aṅụ mmanụ aṅụ aka ịhọrọ maka àgwà mgbochi ọrịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beeinformed.org/programs/tech-teams/|title=Tech Teams - Bee Informed Partnership|publisher=|accessdate=2024-10-26|archivedate=2017-10-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025222556/https://beeinformed.org/programs/tech-teams/}}</ref> More nso nso, ọ malitere na-amụ ọrụ resins, nke aṅụ na-anakọta na mix na wax na-eme ka propolis coatings na n'ime ha hives, dị ka ihe atụ nke mmanụ aṅụ na-elekọta mmadụ immunity . <ref name="Spivak 2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beelab.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@bees/documents/article/cfans_article_435997.pdf|title=The Benefits of Propolis|author=Spivak|first=Marla|date=March 2013|work=Bee Craft Magazine|accessdate=August 8, 2015|archivedate=February 11, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211051537/http://www.beelab.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@bees/documents/article/cfans_article_435997.pdf}}</ref> Ụlọ nyocha ya na-enyochakwa mmetụta odida obodo gbara ya gburugburu na ahụike na nri nke ma aṅụ mmanụ aṅụ na aṅụ ala. <ref name="Miller 2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mprnews.org/story/2013/04/01/daily-circuit-saving-the-bees|title=With hives in sharp decline, expert calls for bee-friendly flowers|author=Miller|first=Kerri|date=April 1, 2013|work=[[MPR News]]|accessdate=August 8, 2015}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == Enyere ya onyinye mmekọ MacArthur na 2010 maka ọrụ ya na aṅụ mmanụ aṅụ . <ref name="Ross">{{Cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/103973263.html|title=Buzz about U professor is 'genius'|author=Ross|first=Jenna|date=September 28, 2010|work=[[Star Tribune]]|accessdate=April 25, 2014|archivedate=April 26, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232222/http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/103973263.html}}</ref> <ref name="Horn2011">{{Cite book|author=Horn|first=Tammy|title=Beeconomy: What Women and Bees Can Teach Us about Local Trade and the Global Market|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kUWyjIVzwUC&pg=PT170|date=November 1, 2011|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813134369|pages=170}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị onyinye MacArthur, ọ malitere otu nzukọ a na-akpọ [https://www.beelab.umn.edu/bee-squad Bee Squad], nke na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere ndị na-azụ aṅụ na ndị bi na Twin Cities aka imeziwanye ahụike nke ndị na-emetọ anụ ọhịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beelab.umn.edu/bee-squad|title=Bee Squad|author=hvander|date=2015-01-27|work=Bee Lab|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beelab.umn.edu/BeeSquad/|title=Bee Squad : Bee Lab : Department of Entomology : University of Minnesota|publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota|year=2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414013345/http://beelab.umn.edu/BeeSquad/|archivedate=2013-04-14}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, ọ meriri ihe nrite ọrụ dị iche iche sitere na Kansụl AgriGrowth Minnesota. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agrigrowth.org/membership/distinguished-service-award/|title=Distinguished Service Award|publisher=AgriGrowth|date=2016|accessdate=2016-05-31|archivedate=2017-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221080345/http://agrigrowth.org/membership/distinguished-service-award/}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, ọ meriri Siehl Prize for Excellence in Agriculture (ụdị: Ọmụma) maka ọtụtụ onyinye ya iji ghọta bayoloji aṅụ na ihe egwu na-eyi ahụike anụ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://discover.umn.edu/news/food-agriculture/siehl-prize-excellence-agriculture-announces-2016-laureates/|title=Siehl Prize for Excellence in Agriculture announces 2016 laureates|author=Anonymous|date=16 March 2016|publisher=}}</ref> na ihe nrite Women of Discovery sitere na Wings Worldquest, na-asọpụrụ ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya na-akwalite ahụike anụ ọhịa. na nchekwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wingsworldquest.org/2016-womenofdiscovery-gala/|title=2016 Women of Discovery Awards|publisher=WINGS WorldQuest|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901204504/http://www.wingsworldquest.org/2016-womenofdiscovery-gala|archivedate=2016-09-01}}</ref> A họpụtara Spivak onye otu nke Entomological Society of America na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|title=Ten Entomologists Join the Ranks of Fellows of the Entomological Society of America &#124; Entomological Society of America|accessdate=2017-11-09|archivedate=2017-11-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061733/http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ Spivak's, onye na-atụ ụtụ isi Joel Gardner, kpọrọ ụdị ọsụsọ bee ''Lasioglossum spivakae'' na nsọpụrụ ya. <ref name="Gardner and Gibbs 2020">{{Cite journal|url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1167|title=The 'red-tailed' Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic|author=Gardner and Gibbs|date=December 2020|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|issue=725|pages=1–242|doi=10.5852/ejt.2020.725.1167|accessdate=December 6, 2020}}</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == * {{Cite book|author=Spivak|first=M.|title=Successful Queen Rearing: Short Course|publisher=University of Minnesota|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9kmAQAAMAAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Spivak|first=M.|title=Honeybee Diseases and Pests|publisher=University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology and Minnesota Extension Service|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNkmAQAAMAAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Lee-Mäder|first=E.|title=Managing Alternative Pollinators: A Handbook for Beekeepers, Growers, and Conservationists|publisher=Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education|series=NRAES (Collection)|year=2010|isbn=978-1-933395-20-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lylJPgAACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Spivak|first=M.|title=The African Honey Bee|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|series=Westview studies in insect biology|year=2019|isbn=978-0-367-28999-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRWmyQEACAAJ}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] q6oxh5715tsz9zzzdx5far16nnbj4vr 0 54848 655912 195802 2026-06-16T15:03:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655912 wikitext text/x-wiki   Marika Nakamura bụ ọkachamara shogi ụmụ nwanyị Japan nwere ọkwa 4-dan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/30.html|title=Joryū Kishi Dētabēsu: Nakamura Marika|language=ja|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=May 18, 2023|archivedate=June 2, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602151246/https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/30.html}}</ref> == Onye na-eme egwuregwu shogi nke ụmụ nwanyị == === Akụkọ nkwalite === Akụkọ nkwalite Nakamura dị ka ndị a:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/30.html#jsTabE04_02|title=Joryū Kishi Dētabēsu: Nakamura Marika Shōdan Rireki|language=ja|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=May 18, 2023|archivedate=June 2, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602151246/https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/30.html#jsTabE04_02}}</ref> * 2-kyū: Eprel 1, 2003 * 1-kyū: Eprel 1, 2004 * 1-dan: Eprel 1, 2005 * 2-dan: February 25, 2009 * 3-dan: Mee 4, 2015 * 4-dan: Mee 13, 2023 Rịba ama: Ọkwá niile bụ ọkwa ọkachamara ụmụ nwanyị. === Utu aha na asọmpi ndị ọzọ === Nakamura apụtala n'egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị ugboro atọ, mana enwetabeghị nnukwu aha. Ọ bụ onye na-ama aka maka 17th Kurashiki Tōka Cup title na 2009, 34th Women's Ōshō titles na 2012 na 40th Women't Meijin title na 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/30.html#anc01|title=Joryū Kishi Dētabēsu: Nakamura Marika Taitoru Rireki|language=ja|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=September 17, 2019|archivedate=August 17, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817104821/https://www.shogi.or.jp/player/lady/30.html#anc01}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Nakamura lurụ onye ọkpọ ọkpọ shogi bụ Shōta Chida. Ha abụọ lụrụ na Septemba 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line-->|url=https://hochi.news/articles/20231010-OHT1T51158.html?page=1|title=Chida Shōta Nanadan to Nakamura Marika Joryū Yondan ga Kekkon|language=ja|date=October 10, 2023|work=[[Sports Hochi]]|accessdate=April 5, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line-->|url=https://www.nikkansports.com/general/nikkan/news/202310100000924.html|title=Chida Shōta Nanadan to Nakamura Marika Joryū Yondan ga Kekkon ｢Futari de Saseai, Tanoshiku Shiawase na Kazoku wo｣|language=ja|date=October 10, 2023|work=[[Nikkan Sports]]|accessdate=April 5, 2024}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * ShogiHub: [https://web.archive.org/web/20221021191648/http://shogihub.com/players/192 Nakamura, Marika] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o1p3ky6jjugrsvbqdninjdtidvz5pcq 0 64538 656006 627778 2026-06-17T11:51:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Movement for Black Lives | formation = {{start date and age|2015|07|}} | full_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] --> | caption = | map = <!-- map image --> | map_size = <!-- defaults to 250px --> | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = <!-- second map image, if required --> | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = M4BL | formerly = <!-- Any former names by which the organization known --> | named_after = | predecessor = | merged = <!-- Any other organizations with which the organization was merged --> | merger = <!-- Other organizations (if any) merged to constitute the organization --> | successor = | founder = <!-- or: | founders = --> | founding_location = Cleveland, Ohio | type = Coalition of activist organizations | status = <!-- Organization's legal status and/or description (company, charity, foundation, etc) --> | purpose = <!-- or: | focus = --> <!--(humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc)--> | professional_title = <!-- for professional associations --> | headquarters = | coords = <!-- location's {{coord}}s --> | region = <!-- or: | region_served = --> <!--Any particular region or regions associated with or served by the organization--> | services = | membership = 50 organizations * [[Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation]] * [[Ella Baker Center for Human Rights]] * [[National Conference of Black Lawyers]] | membership_year = <!-- Year to which membership number/data apply --> | language = <!-- or: | languages = --> <!--Any official language or languages used by the organization--> | sec_gen = <!-- Name of the organization's Secretary General (if post exists) or gen_sec for General Secretary --> | leader_title = <!-- defaults to "Leader" --> | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = <!-- or: | publication = --> <!--Organization's principal body (assembly, committee, board, etc) or publication--> | parent_organization = <!-- or: | parent_organisation = --> | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | staff = <!-- Numbers and/or types of staff --> | staff_year = <!-- Year to which staff numbers/data apply --> | volunteers = <!-- Numbers and/or types of volunteers --> | volunteers_year = <!-- Year to which volunteer numbers/data apply --> | website = {{url|https://m4bl.org}} | remarks = | bodystyle = <!-- Applies CSS style to the infobox table as a whole --> | footnotes = | motto = | extinction = <!-- or: | dissolved = --> <!--e.g. use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}--> | location = }} Movement for Black Lives ('''M4BL''') bụ njikọ nke ihe karịrị ìgwè iri ise na-anọchite anya ọdịmma nke Obodo ndị isi ojii gafee United States.<ref name="Newkirk">{{Cite web|author=Newkirk|first=Vann R. II|date=August 3, 2016|title=The Permanence of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/08/movement-black-lives-platform/494309/|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ndị otu a gụnyere Black Lives Matter Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, na Ella Baker Center for Human Rights.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us – The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502120213/https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|archivedate=May 2, 2019|accessdate=August 4, 2016|work=Movement for Black Lives|publisher=policy.m4bl.org}}</ref> Ndị kwadoro ha gwuyèrè, otu dị ka Color of Change, Race Forward, Brooklyn Movement Center, PolicyLink, Million Women March Cleveland, na ONE DC, na njikọ ahụ na-enweta nkwukọrịta na nkwado dị iche iche site na otu nzukọ a na-akpọ Blackbird. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arnold|first=Eric K.|date=2017|title=The BLM Effect: Hashtags, History and Race|journal=Race, Poverty & the Environment|volume=21|issue=2|pages=8–15|issn=1532-2874}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|accessdate=April 25, 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, ndị otu ahụ gbakọtara na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland ebe ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe dị n'agbata otu puku na narị ise, nakwa puku abụọ gbakọtara iji sonye na mkparịta ụka na ngagharị iwe. Nzukọ ahụ bu ụzọ gbalịa "ịmepụta ụzọ maka Movement for Black Lives iji mee ka ndị mmanye iwu nwee ajụjụ maka omume ha na mba". <ref name="about2017">{{Cite news|title=About Us – The Movement for Black Lives|language=en-US|work=The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="cleveland2015">{{Cite news|author=Morice|first=Jane|date=July 25, 2015|title=Thousands of 'freedom fighters' in Cleveland for first national Black Lives Matter conference|language=en-US|work=cleveland.com|url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/07/thousands_of_freedom_fighters.html|accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref name="bernard2017">{{Cite news|author=Bernard|first=Tanya Lucia|date=August 7, 2015|title=The Movement for Black Lives Convening: An Offering of Love|language=en-US|work=The Root|url=http://www.theroot.com/the-movement-for-black-lives-convening-an-offering-of-1790860722|accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, nzukọ ahụ dugara n'ịmepụta otutu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na ngwụcha nnọkọ ụbọchị atọ, na Julaị ịrị abụọ na ịsịị, Movement for Black Lives malitere otu afọ "usoro nke ịkpọkọta ndị otu mpaghara na nke mba iji mepụta United Front".<ref name="about2017" /> Usoro ogologo afọ a mechara mee ka e guzobe usoro nhazi nke na-akọwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ihe achọrọ, na ụkpụrụ nke Movement for Black Lives na-akwado iji nweta "nnwere onwe" nke obodo ndị isi ojii gafee Amerịka.<ref name="about2017" /> Mgbe ogbugbu George Floyd gasịrị, M4BL wepụtara Iwu BREATHE, nke kpọrọ maka mgbanwe iwu zuru oke gbasara ndị uwe ojii. Iwu ahụ gụnyere oku maka iwepụ ego site na ndị uwe ojii na itinye ego ozugbo n'ime ihe onwunwe obodo na ụdị nzaghachi mberede ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-07|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|accessdate=2020-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|accessdate=2020-07-18|work=The Root|date=July 14, 2020|language=en-us}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, Movement for Black Lives wepụtara iwu chọrọ iji meghachi omume na ọrịa COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Edwards|first=Breanna|date=March 31, 2020|title=Movement For Black Lives Releases Policy Demands In Response To COVID-19|url=https://www.essence.com/news/movement-for-black-lives-policy-demands-coronavirus-m4bl/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404025705/https://www.essence.com/news/movement-for-black-lives-policy-demands-coronavirus-m4bl/|archivedate=April 4, 2020|accessdate=April 24, 2020|work=Essence|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nhazi == Deva Woodly, Prọfesọ nke ndọrọ na ọchịchị nke The New School, kọwara Movement for Black Lives n'oge Ngagharị iwe George Floyd dị ka "òtù nche anwụ nke nwere njikọ nke òtù ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe gafee mba ahụ" nke nyere ndị mmadụ ohere "ijikọ ntụpọ n'etiti mgbaàmà nke nsogbu dị ugbu a na ihe kpatara ya". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Woodly|first=Deva|title=An American Reckoning|url=https://publicseminar.org/essays/an-american-reckoning/|accessdate=2020-07-02|work=Public Seminar|date=June 4, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ịkpọ okwu na nkwupụta === {{Progressivism}} Ikpo okwu nke òtù ahụ, nke e bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, nke akpọrọ A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom and Justice, nwere ihe isii achọrọ: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lee|first=Trymaine|date=August 1, 2016|title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Agenda|language=en-US|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-agenda-n620966|accessdate=2020-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Platform – The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/platform/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828130258/https://policy.m4bl.org/platform/|archivedate=August 28, 2016|accessdate=September 15, 2016|work=policy.m4bl.org}}</ref> # Kwụsị agha megide ndị isi ojii # Nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka mmerụ ahụ gara aga na nke na-aga n'ihu. # Ịchụpụ ego site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme mpụ, na-ekpuchi ma na-emerụ ndị isi ojii ahụ; na itinye ego na agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike na nchekwa nke ndị isi ojii. # Ikpe ziri ezi maka mmadụ niile na iwughachi akụ na ụba iji hụ na obodo anyị nwere ihe onwunwe, ọ bụghị naanị ohere. # Nchịkwa obodo nke iwu, ụlọ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị na-emetụta anyị. # Ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị ojii nwere onwe ha na mkpebi onwe onye ndị isi ojii n'akụkụ niile nke ọha mmadụ. M4BL kwenyere na nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, nke nkwụghachi a kwụrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo Afrịka-Amerika na afọ 2012 bu ụzọ.<ref name="Repar">{{Cite web|publisher=[[Movement For Black Lives]]|author=National African American Reparations Commission|authorlink=National African American Reparations Commission|pages=1–12|title=HR 40 Primer : Seize The Time!|url=https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NCOBRA-HR40-Primer.pdf|accessdate=2025-07-12|archivedate=2025-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706201635/https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NCOBRA-HR40-Primer.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2023-2024, ọ wepụtara nkwupụta "anyị na-achọ nkwụsị ọkụ ozugbo ma kwụsị ọrụ US kwadoro na Palestine," na-etinye aka "iguzogide mgbukpọ nke Gaza" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m4bl.org/statements/movement-for-black-lives-statement-on-us-backed-occupation-of-palestine/|title=Movement for Black Lives Calls for an Immediate End to the U.S.-Backed Occupation of Palestine}}</ref> === Nkwado ego na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ === N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe òtù ahụ bipụtara ikpo okwu ya na afo 2016, òtù ịrị ịse edebanyela aha nkwado ha. Otu nnukwu mgbalị bụ nguzobe nke otu ọrụ ebere Borealis Philanthropy nke Black-Led Movement Fund (BLMF). Ezubere iji kwado ọrụ nke M4BL, BLMF bụ ma ego ndị na-enye onyinye jikọtara ọnụ na-ezube iweta $ 100 nde na mmegharị ahụ, yana atụmatụ e mere iji nyere mmegharị ahụ aka iwulite ikike nhazi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=McGirt|first=Ellen|date=August 8, 2016|title=raceAhead: Why Ford Foundation Is Underwriting Black Lives Matter|url=https://fortune.com/2016/08/08/raceahead-why-ford-foundation-is-underwriting-black-lives-matter/|accessdate=2020-07-31|work=[[Fortune magazine]]|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị dị mkpa == === Ngagharị iwe nke Mahadum Steeti Cleveland === N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, ndị mmadụ si n'akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ gbakọtara na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland iji meghachi omume na ihe omume obi ọjọọ nke ndị uwe ojii megide ndị Afrịka America. N'ụzọ doro anya, ọnwụ nke ndị mmadụ dịka Michael Brown, Eric Garner, na Tamir Rice mere ka mkpa maka nzukọ ahụ n'etiti ndị Afrịka America. N'oge nnọkọ ụbọchị atọ (Julaị 24-26), ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe sonyere na mkparịta ụka, na-ele ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, ma na-etinye aka na ọmụmụ ihe e mere iji mee ka ndị mmadụ na-achọ ịchọta ngwọta maka nsogbu ndị obodo ndị isi ojii na-eche ihu. A na-ewere mgbakọ Mahadum Steeti Cleveland dị ka nnukwu nnọkọ mbụ nke Movement for Black Lives, ebe ihe karịrị mmadụ otu puku na nari ise gara nzukọ ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe site na mgbakọ ahụ malitere ọrụ iji guzobe nzukọ Movement for Black Lives, yana ịmepụta usoro iwu nke nwere ike iduzi ndị na-arụ ọrụ site na mba ahụ niile n'ọgụ ha iji kwụsị obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na ịkpa ókè megide ndị isi ojii na United States. <ref name="cleveland2015"/> <ref name="bernard2017"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Walker|first=Carol Carter|date=August 31, 2015|title=The Movement For Black Lives Convening In Cleveland—A Transformative Experience|url=https://sidewithlove.org/ourstories/a-transformative-experience|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=Standing on the Side of Love|archivedate=December 11, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211131738/https://sidewithlove.org/ourstories/a-transformative-experience}}</ref> Nzukọ ahụ nwetakwara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi mba mgbe, n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke mgbakọ ahụ, onye ọrụ Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) chụpụrụ ìgwè ndị isi African-American na-eme ihe na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland. Ìgwè mmadụ ahụ gbakọtara iji meghachi omume na njide nke onye ọrụ RTA nke onye Afrịka-Amerika dị afọ iri na ụma maka ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè. Dị ka ndị ọchịchị si kwuo, onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma enweghị ike "ilekọta onwe ya" n'ihi ọkwa mmanya na-egbu ya, ya mere ndị ọchịchị chere na ọ dị mkpa iburu ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'oge a na-ejide onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, otu ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara gburugburu ụgbọ mmiri ndị uwe ojii iji mee mkpesa maka njide nke onye ahụ nọ na afọ iri na ụnyaahụ; iji kpochapụ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ n'ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha ahụ, "onye uwe ojii na-ahụ maka njem jiri ntụ ntụ" mee ihe maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe. Ihe omume ahụ dọtara nkatọ dị ka ndị nwere mmasị, dị ka ACLU nke Ohio, kwenyere na "iji ose eme ihe site na mmanye iwu dị ka ụzọ iji chịkwaa ìgwè mmadụ bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo" <ref>{{Cite news|date=July 30, 2015|title=ACLU Questions RTA Police Pepper Spray Incident at Close of Movement for Black Lives Convening|work=Targeted News Service|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1700329726/|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Yang|first=Jessica|date=July 30, 2015|title=RTA Officer Pepper Sprays Movement for Black Lives Gathering at CSU|work=University Wire; Carlsbad|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1770432115/|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larimer|first=Sarah|date=July 27, 2015|title=Cleveland Authorities Investigating Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed 'Black Lives' Activists|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1702098777/|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi egwuregwu ọkachamara === Ndị na-eme egwuregwu n'ofe egwuregwu ndị ọkachamara nke America egosila nkwado ha maka mmegharị ahụ site na ngosipụta na ngagharị iwe dị iche iche. N'afọ 2016, onye na-agba bọọlụ bụ Colin Kaepernick họpụtara ikpere n'ala n'oge a na-egwu abụ mba n'egwuregwu bọọlụ NFL. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe egwuregwu gasịrị, Kaepernick kọwara, "Agaghị m eguzo iji gosipụta mpako na ọkọlọtọ maka mba na-emegbu ndị isi ojii na ndị isi ojii. " <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 27, 2016|title=Colin Kaepernick explains why he sat during national anthem|language=en|work=NFL|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/colin-kaepernick-explains-why-he-sat-during-national-anthem-0ap3000000691077|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> Kaepernicks na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe nke NFL nwetara nkatọ siri ike maka ngagharị iwe ha tupu egwuregwu n'oge niile nke afọ 2016, gụnyere nkatọ sitere n'aka Onye ọka ikpe kachasị elu [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] onye kwuru, "M ga-ejide ha maka ime ya? Mba... Echere m na ọ bụ nzuzu na enweghị nkwanye ùgwù na United States. " Ọ bụ mkpesa siri ike. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bieler|first=Des|date=October 12, 2016|title=Colin Kaepernick responds to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's criticism of anthem protests|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/10/12/colin-kaepernick-responds-to-justice-ruth-bader-ginsburgs-criticism-of-anthem-protests/|accessdate=March 16, 2017|work=Washington Post}}</ref> Kaepernique na ndụ ndị isi ojii mere ka mkparịta ụka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sandritter|first=Mark|date=September 11, 2016|title=All the athletes who joined Kaepernick's national anthem protest|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2016/9/11/12869726/colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-protest-seahawks-brandon-marshall-nfl|accessdate=March 16, 2017|work=SBNation|publisher=Vox Media}}</ref> Ndị egwuregwu si n'egwuregwu ndị ọzọ nke America, dị ka National Basketball Association, esonyewokwa na ngagharị iwe iji kwado Movement for Black Lives. N'afọ 2016, ndị na-eme egwuregwu basketball LeBron James, Chris Paul, Dwyane Wade, na Carmelo Anthony gara n'etiti etiti ESPY iji nye "ọkpụkpọ ka ha mee ihe" na nzaghachi maka ịgba égbè nke Philando Castile na Alton Sterling, yana ọnwụ nke ndị uwe ojii ise e gbuo na mbido ọnwa ahụ. Ndị kpakpando NBA anọ ahụ hụrụ ya dị ka ohere iji mee ka ndị mmadụ nọ n'akụkụ abụọ nke Movement for Black Lives dịrị n'otu. Onye bụbu onye na-agba égbè na Miami Heat, Dwyane Wade, kwuru, sị, "Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ga-akwụsị... mana mmegwara ga-akpụkwa. "Ozu ezuola. " Ìgwè ahụ gbakwunyere ndị America ka ha "kwụsị ime ihe ike niile, kama, lekwasị anya na mgbalị ha n'ịrụzigharị obodo ndị kewara ekewa n'ime Amerịka. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bieler|first=Des|date=July 13, 2016|title=NBA superstars issue 'call to action' for fellow athletes in appearance at ESPYs|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/07/13/nba-superstars-issue-call-to-action-for-fellow-athletes-in-appearance-at-espys/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Huddleston|first=Tom|date=July 14, 2016|title=LeBron James and Fellow NBA Stars Call for Nonviolence at ESPYs|work=Fortune|url=https://fortune.com/2016/07/14/epsys-gun-violence-lebron-james/|accessdate=March 16, 2017}}</ref> === Ịgba Ọsọ Maka Ndụ Ndị Ojii === {{pb}}Na afo Julaị 20, 2020, Movement for Black Lives bụ otu n'ime òtù iri isii, gụnyere ọtụtụ òtù ọrụ, nke haziri ịgba ọsọ maka ndụ ndị ojii. Dị ka akụkụ nke Ngagharị iwe George Floyd na-aga n'ihu na nnukwu Black Lives Matter movement, ọgbaghara ahụ gụnyere ngagharị iwe mba niile nke gụnyere ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ na-eme ngagharị iwe maka ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ na akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Billings|first=Kevin|date=July 20, 2020|title=Thousands Of Workers To Participate In 'Strike For Black Lives' Protests|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/thousands-workers-participate-strike-black-lives-protests-3014077|accessdate=July 23, 2020|work=[[International Business Times]]|publisher=[[IBT Media]]}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Òtù ndị dị ka National Council of Asian Pacific Americans, ACLU nke Northern California, na National Council of Jewish Women gosipụtara nkwado maka Movement for Black Lives site n'inye nkwupụta ọha na eze na-esote mbipụta esemokwu nke usoro ahụ. Ọkpụkpọ Movement for Black Lives maka mgbanwe ikpe mpụ na njedebe nke obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii kpaliri ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya. N'otu nkwupụta, National Council of Jewish Women kwuru, "NCJW kwenyesiri ike na ndụ ndị isi ojii dị mkpa, gụnyere ndị Juu na-acha ọbara ọbara, bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndị Juu na ndị NCJW anyị. Anyị ghọtara na ndị isi ojii na ndị Juu nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọgụ anyị maka ikpe ziri ezi. "<ref name="proquest2016">{{Cite news|date=August 8, 2016|title=NCJW Responds to Movement for Black Lives Platform|work=Targeted News Service|id={{ProQuest|1810281606}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref>{{pb}}Pb Movement for Black Lives nwetara nkwado ọzọ site na Democracy for America mgbe a tọhapụrụ usoro iwu ya. Otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị bụ isi nke Movement for Black Lives bụ ịkwalite ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke na-anọchite anya obodo ndị isi ojii na America. Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche eguzo n'ịdị n'otu na M4BL n'ihi na, dị ka Democracy for America si kwuo, a na-ahụ ya dị ka "ihe dị mma maka mkparịta ụka dị mkpa, nke na-emetụta nsonaazụ nke ndị isi Democratic Party ugbu a na ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu ga-enwe na obodo ha na-eje ozi". Ọzọkwa, ebumnuche nke Movement for Black Lives iji kwalite mgbanwe akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-enye "atụmatụ siri ike" maka ndị omeiwu n'ọdịnihu ka ha na-achọ ịghọtawanye ma dozie nsogbu ndị dị n'ime obodo ndị isi ojii.{{Black Lives Matter}}pb N'afọ 2016, Ford Foundation jikọtara aka na Borealis Philanthropy, otu nzukọ dị n'etiti, iji guzobe "Black-Led Movement Fund" na ebumnuche ekwupụtara "iweta $ 100 nde na ihe ọhụrụ na Movement for Black Lives". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/funding-black-lives-matter-ford/|title=Who Is Funding Black Lives Matter: Ford Foundation|author=McGirt|first=Ellen|work=Fortune|accessdate=2017-06-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/ideas/equals-change-blog/posts/why-black-lives-matter-to-philanthropy/|title=Why black lives matter to philanthropy|work=Ford Foundation|date=July 19, 2016|accessdate=2017-06-24}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Ford Foundation kpebiri ịghara ịga n'ihu na itinye ego ha, ha ka na-enye ọtụtụ nde òtù iji kwado ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grants All|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/our-grants/grants-database/grants-all?page=2|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=Ford Foundation|language=en}}</ref> BLMF enweela ike inye obere enyemaka nye ọtụtụ òtù n'ime Movement for Black Lives . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://borealisphilanthropy.org/grantmaking/black-led-movement-fund/grantees/|title=Grantees|work=Borealis Philanthropy|accessdate=2017-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2020, Borealis Philanthropy nyere $ 5.4 nde na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-akwado M4BL.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=The Black-led Movement Fund Moves $5.4 Million to Grassroots Organizations in Fall 2020 - Borealis Philanthropy|url=https://borealisphilanthropy.org/blmf-moves-over-5million-fall-2020/|accessdate=2021-07-18|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718175132/https://borealisphilanthropy.org/blmf-moves-over-5million-fall-2020/}}</ref> E nwere mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma n'etiti òtù ndị Juu na ikpo okwu Movement for Black Lives '2016, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jewish groups condemn Black Lives Matter platform for accusing 'apartheid' Israel of 'genocide'|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/jewish-allies-condemn-black-lives-matters-apartheid-platform-1.5421194|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-05|title=Why the Black Lives Matter Platform's False Accusation of Israeli 'Genocide' Was So Damaging|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/from-left-to-right-jewish-groups-condemn-repellent-black-lives-matter-claim-of-israeli-genocide|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Tablet Magazine|language=en}}</ref> ebe M4BL kwuru na "[US] na-akwado ma na-akwalite agha ụwa megide iyi ọha egwu site na njikọ ya na Israel ma na-akwado na mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-ewere ọnọdụ megide ndị Palestine", na "Israel bụ steeti ịkpa ókè agbụrụ", nakwa na "[US [kwadowo] mgbidi ịkpa ókè".[the]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Invest–Divest|work=The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/invest-divest/|publisher=Movement for Black Lives|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212055703/https://policy.m4bl.org/invest-divest/|archivedate=12 February 2020}}</ref>  {{Primary source inline|date=June 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2020)">non-primary source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Edensibia == * {{official|m4bl.org}} {{Black Lives Matter}}Ndu ndi ịsị ojii di mkpa [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f5swfmjcmry6bllg5lfo1slicvheuvf 0 73102 655960 596807 2026-06-17T02:59:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Morris Alexander | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|KC}} | image = Morris Alexander.jpg | caption = Portrait by J. H. Amshewitz, {{circa|1930}} | office = Member of the [[House of Assembly (South Africa)|House of Assembly]]<br>for [[Cape Town Castle (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)|Cape Town Castle]] | term_start = 1931 | term_end = 23 January 1946 | termstart1 = 15 September 1910 | termend1 = 12 June 1929 | office2 = Member of the [[Cape Parliament]]<br>for [[Cape Town]] | termstart2 = 1908 | termend2 = 1910 | party = {{ubl|[[Progressive Party (Cape Colony)|Progressive]] ({{circa|1905}}–1910)|[[Unionist Party (South Africa)|Unionist]] (1910–1921)|[[Constitutional Democratic Party (South Africa)|Constitutional Democratic]] {{nowrap|(1921–{{circa|1929}})}}|[[South African Party]] (1931–1934)|[[United Party (South Africa)|United]] (1934–1946)}} | native_name = מאָריס אַלעקסאנדער | native_name_lang = yi | birth_date = {{Birth date|1877|12|4|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Znin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], {{nowrap|[[German Empire]]}}<br>(now Żnin, Poland) | death_date = {{Death date and age|1946|1|24|1877|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] | spouse = {{ubl|{{Marriage|Ruth Schechter|1907|1935|end=div.}}|{{Marriage|Enid Asenath Baumberg|1935|1946}}}} | children = 3 | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[South African College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[St John's College, Cambridge]] ([[LLB]])}} }} '''Morris Alexander''' KC (Yiddish; 4 Disemba 1877 - 24 Jenụwarị 1946) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa bụ onye isi nke Obodo ndị Juu nke [[Cape Town]]. A maara ya nke ọma maka mkpọsa ya na-aga nke ọma iji mee ka ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala ahụ mara Yiddish dị ka asụsụ Europe, na-enye ọtụtụ puku ndị Juu ohere ịkwaga South Africa. Onye a ma ama na-anabata ihe, Alexander jere ozi n'ụlọ omeiwu South Africa site na 1910 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1946. == Akụkọ ndụ == === Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ === A mụrụ Morris Alexander na 4 Disemba 1877, na Znin, bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Prussia dị na Alaeze Ukwu Germany mgbe ahụ. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ asaa nke Abraham Alexander na Flora Lewin . Ezinụlọ ya bụ Ndị Juu Germany; ha kwagara South Africa na 1881. Ọ kwụsịrị agụmakwụkwọ onwe onye ya na [[Cape Town]] na 1891 iji nyere ndị mụrụ ya aka n'ịkpata ego na Johannesburg, na-arụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ na National Bank ma mesịa bụrụ onye ọrụ nke ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Cape Colony. [1]<ref name="WJ">{{Cite news|date=1 November 1934|title=Mr. Morris Alexander, K.C.: Noted South African Passes Through Perth|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/260742515/29085468|accessdate=14 August 2024|work=The Westralian Judean|pages=9–10}}</ref> Alexander debanyere aha na South African College na 1893, na-enweta nzere Bachelor of Arts na 1897. O wee gaa St John's College, Cambridge, na-enweta nzere Bachelor of Laws na 1900. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkaiwu na Jun afọ ahụ o wee malite ọrụ dịka ọkaiwu na Cape Town na 15 Novemba 1900. A ga-ahọpụta Alexander dịka Onye ikpe Eze na 1919, ma kuziere ya iwu n'otu oge na Diocesan College.[1]<ref name="WJ"/>[4] === Nkwuchite-ọnụ === Dị ka onye ọka iwu na-eto eto na Cape Town, Alexander sonyeere onye nta akụkọ [[Dovid Goldblat]] na mkpọsa maka ịmegharị Yiddish dị ka asụsụ Europe na South Africa. Iwu e mere na l 1902 chọrọ ka ndị ga-akwaga na Cape mee ule maka ịgụ na ide asụsụ Europe; ha abụọ " lụrụ ọgụ ka e wee were Yiddish dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ka o mee ka ndị Juu nwee ike ịbanye na mba ahụ." N'afọ 1903, Alexander duuru ndị isi obodo ndị Juu gaa na onye ọka iwu ukwu nke Cape Colony Thomas Graham, onye nabatara arịrịọ ha ịnakwere Yiddish dị ka asụsụ Europe, nke nyere ọtụtụ puku ndị Juu ohere ịkwaga South Africa. <ref name="WJ"/> Nke a na-anọchite anya mgbanwe site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịnala ndị Juu, ebe ọ bụ na a machibidoro ndị Juu ịnọchite anya onwe ha dị ka ndị Juu n'ihe ndị na-emetụtaghị okpukpe. Alexander ga-emesị were nkwenye nke Yiddish dị ka "ihe kachasị mkpa ọ rụzuru na ndụ ya ijere ọha ozi". Na 4 Septemba 1904, Alexander haziri ndị nnọchi anya ndị isi obodo n'ime Cape Colony Jewish Board of Deputies, nke ghọrọ nzukọ ndị Juu kachasị na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ ga-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche ya na dị ka osote onye isi oche nke ndị omebe iwu South African Jewish Board of Deputies site na ntọala nke òtù ahụ ruo n'afọ ndị 1930. Onye na-akwado Zionism, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke New Hebrew Congregation na Cape Town ruo afọ iri anọ. <ref name="JTA">{{Cite news|date=24 January 1946|title=Morris Alexander, Prominent Jewish Legislator, Dies in South Africa|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/morris-alexander-prominent-jewish-legislator-dies-in-south-africa|accessdate=14 August 2024|work=JTA Daily News Bulletin|publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]|page=5}}</ref> === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === A họpụtara Alexander ka o soro na kansul ndị isi nke obodo Cape Town na 1905, na-eje ozi ruo 1913. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke Cape of Good Hope na ntuli aka afọ 1908 dị ka onye òtù Progressive Party, na-enweta vootu puku ise na iri abụọ na asaa na mpaghara Cape Town. <ref name="WJ"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Cape ruo 1910, mgbe e jikọtara ya na ndị omeiwu ndị ọzọ na-achị achị mgbe e guzobere Union of South Africa. A họpụtara Alexander ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù ụlọ nzukọ omeiwu South Africa na ntuli aka 1910 maka Mpaghara Cape Town Castle, ọ ga-abụkwa onye òtù ndị omeiwu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1946. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye isi na Obodo ndị Juu nke Cape Town, Alexander bụkwa onye a ma ama na-anabata ihe na onye na-ekwugide iwu ịkpa ókè na-emetụta obodo ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha. Na Jun 1907, ọ lụrụ Ruth Schechter - onye ọ maara site n'oge ya na Cambridge na nwa nwanyị nke Solomon Schechter, onye isi oche nke Jewish Theological Seminary of America - na [[Nú Yọk|New York]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Morris Alexander|url=https://www.oliveschreiner.org/vre?view=personae&entry=266#DESCRIPTION|accessdate=2024-08-14|work=Olive Schreiner Letters Online|archivedate=2024-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815022749/https://www.oliveschreiner.org/vre?view=personae&entry=266#DESCRIPTION}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=22 July 2011|title=Ruth Alexander|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/ruth-alexander|accessdate=2024-08-15|work=[[South African History Project]]}}</ref> Ụlọ di na nwunye ahụ dị na Cape Town ga-aghọ ebe nzukọ maka ndị isi India na-eleta, nke Alexander si na ya nwee njikọ ya na Mahatma Gandhi.<ref name=":1" /> Ya na W. E. B. Du Bois na Bertha Solomon jikọtakwara.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Letter from W. E. B. Du Bois to Morris Alexander, July 31, 1925|url=https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b027-i211|accessdate=|work=}}</ref>  Malite na afọ ndị 1920, Alexander na Ruth nwere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị mgbagha. Ebe Alexander bụ onye nwere nnwere onwe ọdịnala, Ruth bụ onye Marxist na-ekwuchite ọnụ ụmụ nwanyị. Na Ntuli aka nke 1921, o mere ka Alexander kwenye ịghara isonyere òtù South African Party nke Jan Smuts - nke ọ hụtara dị ka nke na-akpa ókè agbụrụ n'ebe ọ na-arị elu - kama ọ zọọ dị ka onye nọọrọ onwe ya.<ref name=":1"/> A họpụtara Alexander ọzọ dị ka onye òtù Constitutional Democratic Party e guzobere ọhụrụ, nke ọ ga-abụkwa onye isi oche nke pati ahụ na naanị onye omeiwu ya site na 1921 ruo 1929. O sonyeere South African Party na 1931 n'agbanyeghị nkatọ ya maka mbọ òtù ahụ na-agba iji gbochie ndị Juu ịkwaga n'ime afọ iri gara aga.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 January 1924|title=South Africa Does Not Discriminate Against Jewish Immigration, Declares Minister of Interior|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/south-africa-does-not-discriminate-against-jewish-immigration-declares-minister-of-interior|accessdate=14 August 2024|work=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]}}</ref> Ruth weere di ya iwe na 1923 mgbe o kwupụtara na [[Judaism|Okpukpe ndị Juu]] bụ "ihe megidere Bolshevism" n'okwu ya na-akatọ Nnupụisi Rand. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe ike mgbe e jichiri nwanne ya nwanyị na Loray Mill strike na United States.  Oge nkewa nke di na nwunye ahụ bịara na 1930, mgbe Alexander kwadoro iwu gara nke ọma nke gọọmentị J. B. M. Hertzog wepụtara nke nyere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha ikike ịtụ vootu. Ruth, nke na-enwekwu nkụda mmụọ maka óké nnwere onwe nke di ya, katọrọ iwu a dị ka nke na-agbadata maka iwepụ ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ndị ọcha ma bụrụkwuo usoro iji mee ka ndị na-abụghị nke ndị ọcha ghara ịtụ vootu. <ref name=":1"/>Ruth na mbụ kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịghara idebanye aha maka ịtụ vootu, mana mgbe Alexander gwara ya na ịghara ide aha bụ mpụ, o kwuru ebumnuche ya kamakwa ka ọ gbaa ya alụkwaghịm "mgbe ụmụ ha toruru iekọta onwe ha". Ruth na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya hapụrụ South Africa na 1933; afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ya na Alexander gbara alụkwaghịm. Ọnwa abụọ ka ịgba alụkwaghịm ya gasịrị, Alexander lụrụ Enid Asenath Baumberg nke Sydney, Australia.<ref name=":0"/> N'ime afọ ndị 1930 niile, Alexander bụ onye mmegide siri ike nke mmegharị ndị Nazi na-eto eto na South Africa.<ref name="WJ"/> Alexander nwụrụ na Cape Town na 24 Jenụwarị 1946. <ref name="JTA"/> Nwunye ya nke abụọ Enid bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya na 1957, a na-ejikwa akwụkwọ ya n'ọba akwụkwọ Mahadum Cape Town. == Edensibịa == === Ihe ndị edeturu === === Ndị a rụrụ aka e dere n'akwụkwọ === {{Reflist}} === Ọrụ ndị e depụtara ===   == Ịgụrụ Gawa ==   [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 95sd1g20mr4363gf03dh02rcujip7nd 0 75210 655956 632091 2026-06-17T01:42:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655956 wikitext text/x-wiki    Mohammed Abdulrahman (amuru 16 Septemba 1989) bu onye mgba mgba nke Naijiria nke na-agba egwu ugbua maka ulo egwu Sweden Vårgårda IK. == Ọrụ == Abdulrahman nyere goolu iri na isii na Division 2 Östra Götaland maka Motala AIF na oge 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www6.idrottonline.se/MotalaAIFFK-Fotboll/Varalag/A-trupp/Truppen/Spelare/Anfallare/14MohammedAbdulrahman/|title=Mohammed Abdulrahman|work=Motala AIF FK|accessdate=6 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110070913/http://www3.idrottonline.se/MotalaAIFFK-Fotboll/Varalag/A-trupp/Truppen/Spelare/Anfallare/14MohammedAbdulrahman/|archivedate=10 January 2011}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2011, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na IF Elfsborg, a gbazinyekwara ya GAIS ozugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gais.se/Fotboll/gais.nsf/0/8E2495FF79F5EB54C125780E005B6287|title=Mohammed klar för GAIS!|work=gais.se|date=4 January 2011|accessdate=6 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109033725/http://www.gais.se/Fotboll/gais.nsf/0/8E2495FF79F5EB54C125780E005B6287|archivedate=9 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gp.se/sport/fotboll/1.523476-gais-lanar-av-elfsborg|title=Gais lånar av Elfsborg|work=Göteborgsposten|accessdate=6 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106222910/http://www.gp.se/sport/fotboll/1.523476-gais-lanar-av-elfsborg|archivedate=6 January 2011}}</ref> Abdulrahman gbara egwuregwu abụọ mbụ ya maka GAIS, megide Norwegian IK Start na Halmstads BK na enyi na enyi na agba Line Cup na Kristiansand na Jenụwarị 2011. Otú ọ dị, ọ merụrụ ahụ nkwonkwo cruciate ya na egwuregwu tupu oge egwuregwu megide Qviding FIF ma hapụ oge 2011 dum.Na 2012 ọ gbara maka IFK Värnamo, na 2013 ọ gbara ọzọ maka GAIS. Tupu oge 2014, Abdulrahman laghachiri na Motala AIF. Na Nọvemba 2016, Abdulrahman bịanyere aka na klọb nke abụọ Vårgårda IK. .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/72227|title=Officiellt: Vårgårda IK värvar Mohammed Abdulrahman|work=fotbolltransfers.com|date=30 November 2016|accessdate=30 November 2016|archivedate=1 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015617/http://www.fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/72227}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mohammed AbdulrahmannaÒtù Egwuregwu Egwuregwu Egwú nke Sweden (n'asụsụ Swedish) * Mohammed AbdulrahmanProfaịlụ otu klọb naSvFF (n'asụsụ Swedish) (nke e debere) * Mohammed Abdulrahmann'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Mohammed Abdulrahmanna Global Sports Archive [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] s30h0k9oodxinrstpnvli5l8w0plk2e 0 75227 655972 632145 2026-06-17T07:49:28Z Johnnybam 24488 /* Ihe odide */ 655972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godwin Aguda Wanbe''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Godwin Aguda.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na Disemba 30, 1997) bụ onye ọkachamara na-egwuregwu bọọlụ na Naijiria, ọ bụkwa onye na-agba n'ihu, maka Falkenbergs FF na ngalaba Superettan nke Sweden na-esote arụmọrụ ya na Rivers United na league na CAF Confederations Cup playoff . == Ọrụ == A kpọrọ Aguda onye egwuregwu Falkensberg nke Afọ 2022. Aguda bụ onye kacha gbaa goolu na 2018-19 CAF Confederation Cup na goolu isii. A gụrụ Aguda aha na otu NPFL nke afọ n'afọ 2016. Onye mmeri nke Lagos FA Cup 2015 Lagos FA Cup MVP 2015 Onye kacha gbaa goolu na Lagos FA Cup 2015 == Nsọpụrụ == * Nigerian FA Cup (AITEO CUP): 2018 * Njikọ bọọlụ Nigeria Professional: 2016 * [[Lagos FA Cup]]: 2015 ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nz502xgkx4mq50b6kfdwx2yvnq29ynx 655973 655972 2026-06-17T07:52:23Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329852293|Godwin Aguda]]" 655973 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Godwin Aguda Wanbe''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Godwin Aguda.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na Disemba 30, 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu, maka Falkenbergs FF na ngalaba Superettan nke Sweden na-agbaso arụmọrụ ya megide Rivers United na asọmpi na asọmpi CAF Confederations Cup. == Ọrụ == A kpọrọ Aguda onye egwuregwu Falkensberg nke Afọ 2022. Aguda bụ onye kacha gbaa goolu na 2018-19 CAF Confederation Cup na goolu isii. A kpọrọ Aguda aha na otu NPFL nke afọ n'afọ 2016. Onye mmeri nke Lagos FA Cup 2015 Lagos FA Cup MVP 2015 Onye kacha gbaa goolu na Lagos FA Cup 2015 == Nsọpụrụ == * Nigerian FA Cup (AITEO CUP): 2018 * Njikọ bọọlụ Nigeria Professional: 2016 * [[Lagos FA Cup]]: 2015 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fb9o908xdqygprs51xo1gl8hq6rmbbk 655974 655973 2026-06-17T07:53:30Z Johnnybam 24488 655974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godwin Aguda Wanbe''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Godwin Aguda.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na Disemba 30, 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu, maka Falkenbergs FF na ngalaba Superettan nke Sweden na-agbaso arụmọrụ ya megide Rivers United na asọmpi na asọmpi CAF Confederations Cup. == Ọrụ == A kpọrọ Aguda onye egwuregwu Falkensberg nke Afọ 2022. Aguda bụ onye kacha gbaa goolu na 2018-19 CAF Confederation Cup na goolu isii. A kpọrọ Aguda aha na otu NPFL nke afọ n'afọ 2016. Onye mmeri nke Lagos FA Cup 2015 Lagos FA Cup MVP 2015 Onye kacha gbaa goolu na Lagos FA Cup 2015 == Nsọpụrụ == * Nigerian FA Cup (AITEO CUP): 2018 * Njikọ bọọlụ Nigeria Professional: 2016 * [[Lagos FA Cup]]: 2015 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g283um7jelwh9tiz8dk3dmaxfyuxg26 0 75228 655975 639096 2026-06-17T07:53:56Z Johnnybam 24488 655975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mikel Ndubusi Agu''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Mikel Ndubusi Agu.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 27 Mee 1993) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-anọ n'azụ etiti. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Mikel Agu malitere ọrụ ya na ndị otu Megapp FC na Naịjirịa. O sonyere na 2009 Copa Coca-Cola, ebe a họpụtara ya dị ka onye egwuregwu kachasị mma nke asọmpi ahụ, na-adọta mmasị nke ndị scouts.<ref name="AguScouted">{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/mikel-agu-joins-club-brugge-on-loan/|title=Agu Scouted|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|date=31 August 2015}}</ref> Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, Agu sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ntorobịa nke Porto. ==== Porto ==== Agu bụ onye mbụ a kpọrọ bịa n’ụlọ akwụkwọ egwuregwu ndị ntorobịa nke Porto U-19, ebe ọ na-eme ọzụzụ na ndị otu mbụ ma na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ n’oche ndị dochie egwuregwu. Mmepe ya mere ka ọ kpọọ oge abụọ na Porto B tupu o nweta ohere ịbanye n’otu mbụ. Agu mere egwuregwu mbụ ya megide Gil Vicente FC n’ime mmeri 2–1, mgbe ọ bịara dochie Josué Pesqueira. Site n’ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye Naịjirịa mbụ kpọrọ egwuregwu maka klọb ahụ. N’ihi ezigbo arụmọrụ ya na FC Porto B, onye njikwa otu ahụ n’oge ahụ, Paulo Fonseca, kpọrọ ya bịa n’otu mbụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, e zigara ya n’ọrụ mgbazinye ka o nweta ahụmịhe n’ịkpọ egwuregwu na ọkwa mbụ. N'ịchọ ohere ịgba bọọlụ na Porto, e zigara Agu n'òtù Porto B, bụ ndị ya na ha gbara bọọlụ 69 n'agbata afọ 2012 na 2016. Ọ pụtara ihe karịrị ugboro iri atọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime oge 2012-13 na 20-2014. ==== Ịgbazinye ego ==== Na mbido oge 2015/2016, mgbe ọ pụtara otu ugboro na Porto B, ọ gara ịgbazinye na Klọb Brugge na Belgian Jupiler league.<ref name="AguScouted"/> Ọ pụtara naanị ugboro abụọ na league ka Brugge mechiri oge ahụ dị ka ndị mmeri league. Agu laghachiri n’ọrụ mgbazinye na ligi Portugal maka oge egwuregwu 2016–17, oge nke ghọrọ nnukwu oge mmepe n’ọrụ ya. O mere egwuregwu ligi iri abụọ na asaa, malite egwuregwu iri abụọ na ise; ma kpọọ egwuregwu iri atọ na anọ n’asọmpi niile maka Vitória de Setúbal. O nyere aka ka otu ahụ ruo ọkara ikpeazụ nke Taça da Liga. Ọganihu dị ukwuu o gosipụtara n’egwuregwu ya mere ka a malite ịhụ ya dịka nnukwu onye egwuregwu n’onwe ya. Ndị otu mba ya hụkwara arụmọrụ ya, nke mere ka a kpọọ ya n’otu mba na afọ 2017. N’ihi nke a, e kpebiri na a ga-akpọghachi ya n’otu mbụ nke Porto mgbe oge egwuregwu ahụ gachara. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, Agu sonyeere otu ndị Turkey bụ Bursaspor na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/official-mikel-agu-joins-bursaspor-on-loan/a1nd7ft72vlm19a7i5sur4yvm|title=OFFICIAL: Nigeria's Mikel Agu joins Bursaspor on loan|work=Goal.com|accessdate=15 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ na mkpọsa 2018-19 na mgbazinye na Vitória de Setúbal tupu ọ hapụ Porto kpamkpam na 2019. === Mmeri nke Guimarães === Na 18 Julaị 2019, Agu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Vitória de Guimarães. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vitoriasc.pt/pt/news/index/view/mikel-agu-assina-contrato-ate-2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719094555/https://vitoriasc.pt/pt/news/index/view/mikel-agu-assina-contrato-ate-2022|title=Mikel Agu assina contrato até 2022|publisher=Vitória SC|language=pt|date=18 July 2019|archivedate=19 July 2019|accessdate=16 January 2022}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gosipụtara obere oge n'ime afọ abụọ mbụ ya, e kewapụrụ ya na ndị otu ahụ tupu oge 2021-22, wee kwụsị nkwekọrịta ya na Jenụwarị 15, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vitoriasc.pt/2022/01/15/mikel-agu-termina-ligacao-ao-vitoria-sc/|title=Mikel Agu termina ligação ao Vitória SC|publisher=Vitória SC|language=pt|date=15 January 2022|accessdate=16 January 2022|archivedate=15 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115121506/https://vitoriasc.pt/2022/01/15/mikel-agu-termina-ligacao-ao-vitoria-sc/}}</ref> === Fuenlabrada === Na 15 Jenụwarị 2022, awa ole na ole ka ọ hapụsịrị Vitória, Agu kwagara Spain wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge na CF Fuenlabrada na Segunda División.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cffuenlabrada.es/noticia/el-fuenla-ficha-a-mikel-agu|title=El Fuenla ficha a Mikel Agu|publisher=CF Fuenlabrada|language=es|date=15 January 2022|accessdate=16 January 2022}}</ref> === Shonan Bellmare === Na Septemba 2022, ọ bịanyere aka na ndị Japan Shonan Bellmare . Ọ hapụrụ na June 2023 ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ otu ugboro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=【平塚市】湘南ベルマーレはミケル アグ選手の退団を発表 {{!}} 湘南人|url=https://shonanjin.com/news/hiratsukacity-soccer-leaving/|accessdate=2023-07-02|work=湘南人 {{!}} 湘南エリアの最新ニュース・グルメ・イベント穴場情報満載！|language=ja|archivedate=2023-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702124556/https://shonanjin.com/news/hiratsukacity-soccer-leaving/}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] họpụtara ya maka ndị otu 35 ha maka 2016 Summer Olympics. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763|title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Agu mere nke mbụ ya na Naijiria na mmeri enyi na enyi 3-0 megide Togo na 1 June 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/nigeria-vs-togo/teams/371810|title=Internationals (Sky Sports)|work=SkySports}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime [[Nigeria national football team|ndị otu]] iri atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2018 na Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb|title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad - Final 23-man listsm|work=Goal.com|accessdate=15 December 2021}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ banyeghị na 23 ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44346451|title=Iwobi named in Nigeria World Cup squad|work=Bbc.co.uk|date=3 June 2018}}</ref> == Ụdị egwuregwu == Enwere ike iji ụdị egwuregwu Agu tụnyere onye bụbu onye egwuregwu Chelsea bụ [[John Obi Mikel]]. Ọ natara aha njirimara "Mikel" site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na Benin City, ebe ọ tolitere, n'ihi myirịta na mmegharị na egwuregwu n'ozuzu.<ref name="AguScouted"/> O nwere njikwa dị mma ma gosipụta ezigbo ọsọ, na-agbakwunye nke a na ọhụụ iji kpọọ bọọlụ ogologo site n'azụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, o gosipụtara ikike ịchịkwa ọsọ nke egwuregwu ahụ. N'ịgbachitere onwe ya, ọ na-egosi atụmanya dị mma ma ọ naghị agba ọsọ n'ime ihe ndị ọ na-eme, na-etinye onwe ya n'ihu anọ n'azụ. == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === ; Klọb Brugge * Belgian Pro League: 2015-162015–16 * Iko Belgium: Onye nke abụọ 2015-162015–16 === Onye ọ bụla === * Egwuregwu MVP Coca-Cola Cup, 2009 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 83y7t1jcj6m9pp4a9019xgaitga658q 0 75230 655976 632068 2026-06-17T07:55:19Z Johnnybam 24488 655976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ode Usman Abdullahi''' (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 2002) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti maka otu egwuregwu Premier League nke Belarus bụ Maxline Vitebsk . == Ọrụ klọb == === DFK Dainava === Na mbido 2023, Abdullahi sonyeere klọb Lithuania DFK Dainava. Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 4 Maachị 2023, na egwuregwu megide Hegelmann, na-abịa dị ka onye ọkpọ egwuregwu na-amalite. Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 2 Septemba 2023, na egwuregwu megide Džiugas, na-enye enyemaka. Abdullahi na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'oge oge niile, na-aga n'ihu na-egwu Dainava na mbido 2024. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 31 Maachị 2024, na egwuregwu megide Sūduva.Abdullahi nwetakwara ihe nrite maka onye ọkpụkpọ kacha mma n'ọnwa ahụ. Na njedebe nke 2024, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na njedebe nke nkwekọrịta ya. N'ime oge nke oge 2, o jisiri ike nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ 2 ma nye 4 aka maka ụlọ ọgbakọ na A Lyga. === Aris Limassol na mgbazinye Maxline Vitebsk === == Nsọpụrụ == ; Maxline Vitebsk * Onye mmeri nke Belarus Premier League: 2025 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ode Abdullahin'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4my0xwk7nkcywdqpk3huhy29zhcen0v 0 75239 655978 632097 2026-06-17T07:57:08Z Johnnybam 24488 655978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifunanyachi Achara''' // i (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu maka otu egwuregwu League of Ireland First Division Bray Wanderers . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Achara na Enugu, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma too na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria, <ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> ebe o biri ruo 2014 mgbe ọ dị afọ 17. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Davdison|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara thinking of family back home in Nigeria|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-thinking-of-family-back/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> Jay-Jay Okocha bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ mba Naijiria hụrụ ya bụ onye tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba Naijeria U17. O mechara ghara ịbanye na ndepụta maka otu ahụ meriri 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/acharas-journey-to-the-reds-has-been-fraught-with-obstacles-but-now-the-young-nigerian-is-hoping-to-set-mls-on-fire|title=Obstacles overcome, TFC rookie Achara now hoping to set MLS on fire|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=March 5, 2020|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara United States, ebe ya na Chicago Magic SC gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa wee merie 2015 U-17 US National Youth Championship.[1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Berkshire na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe akpọpụtara ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ agadi ya. Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu egwu ya na Black Rock FC n'ọdịnihu na onye otu Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Achara gara Mahadum Georgetown wee soro ndị Hoyas gwuo egwuregwu oge anọ na NCAA's Big East Conference. E merụrụ ya ahụ n'oge oge anọ ya, nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'oge ọ bụla.[1] N'ime afọ obere ya, Achara bụ nhọrọ otu All-Big East na nke abụọ nke mpaghara All-East.[2] N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ, na-enyere ha aka imeri asọmpi 2019 NCAA, asọmpi mba mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na akụkọ ntolite ya, [3] wee kpọọ ya na otu All-Big East Second Team.N'ime ọrụ afọ anọ ya na Hoyas, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 21 na enyemaka 7 na egwuregwu 55. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọkara ọkachamara === Achara pụtara maka USL PDL n'akụkụ GPS Portland Phoenix na 2016 ebe ọ gbara goolu isii na egwuregwu asatọ ma nyere aka iduga ha imeri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/sports/noreasters-begin-playoffs-tuesday-night-in-maine/article_f70101c6-4d4b-11e6-97fa-ef19393bf1f0.html|title=Nor'easters begin playoffs Tuesday night in Maine|first=Guy|author=Gargan|date=July 18, 2016|work=Press of Atlantic City}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Georgetown, Achara gbara bọọlụ na Black Rock FC na USL League Two na 2018 na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ndị otu maka oge abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-starts-inaugural-pdl-season-this-weekend,539930?|title=Black Rock FC starts inaugural PDL season this weekend|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 17, 2018|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-ready-to-kick-off-usl2-campaign,573701?|title=Black Rock FC ready to kick off USL2 campaign|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 16, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ maka otu ahụ na 2018 na goolu asatọ, ya na Jacob Shaffelburg, ka otu ahụ meriri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-wins-pdl-northeast-division-title-in-first-season,544437?|title=Black Rock FC wins PDL Northeast Division title in first season|date=July 10, 2018|first=Geoff|author=Smith|work=Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na otu PDL Eastern All-Star na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/news_article/show/938141|title=2018 PDL All-Eastern Conference Team|author=Coreschi|first=Colton|publisher=Premier Development League (PDL)|date=July 31, 2018|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Black Rock, a họpụtara ya dị ka # 13 Top Prospect na USL League Two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-makes-home-debut-friday-against-gps-portland-phoenix,575051|title=Black Rock FC makes home debut Friday against GPS Portland Phoenix|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Achara_-_cropped.png|thumb|Achara na-egwuri egwu maka Toronto FC na 2020]] A họpụtara Achara dị ka onye nke iri abụọ na ise n'ozuzu na 2020 MLS SuperDraft site na Toronto FC.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara is making a name with Toronto FC – just not his first name|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-is-making-a-name-with-toronto-fc/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gosipụtara ihe dị egwu tupu oge ezumike, a bịanyere aka na otu mbụ na 21 Febụwarị 2020.<ref name="GMSign">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC signs Achara after impressive preseason <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC signs Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara after impressive preseason" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-signs-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-after-impressive/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 21, 2020|page=S9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Bogert|first=Tom|title=Toronto FC sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara after stellar preseason|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/02/21/toronto-fc-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-after-stellar-preseason|publisher=MLS Soccer|date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Achara mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 Maachị 2020, na egwuregwu mmeghe oge megide Toronto FC. Enyere Achara onyinye onye egwuregwu. Ọ pụtara ka ọ gbatara goolu mmalite na nkeji iri na otu, mana agbapụrụ goolu ahụ site na mkpebi VAR. Achara gara n'ihu nye naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji 81 ka Toronto meriri New York City FC 1–0. [2] N'oge ọzụzụ ọzụzụ maka MLS Back Tournament, na-esochi nkwusioru otu egwuregwu n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Achara dọwara ACL ya mgbe ya na onye otu egwuregwu Omar Gonzalez dakọtara n'oge ọzụzụ, na-akwụsị oge rookie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị naanị otu egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmerụ ahụ ogologo oge, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ na Ọgọst 4, 2021 dị ka onye nọchiri anya Philadelphia Union, ọnwa 17 ka ọ pụtachara. Achara gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na oge 2021 MLS na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ gbakere na mmerụ ahụ ACL ya megide CF Montreal na August 27, 2021.Na Disemba 1, Toronto kwupụtara na ha ewerela nhọrọ nkwekọrịta Achara, na-edobe ya na klọb maka oge MLS 2022.[Mgbe njedebe nke oge 2022 gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jụrụ nhọrọ ya maka 2023. === Houston Dynamo === Na 2022 MLS Re-Entry Draft, Houston Dynamo họpụtara ya na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/news/houston-dynamo-fc-select-ifunanyachi-achara-in-stage-2-of-mls-re-entry-draft|title=Houston Dynamo FC select Ifunanyachi Achara in Stage 2 of MLS Re-Entry Draft|date=November 22, 2022|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Na 7 Disemba 2022, Achara bịanyere aka na Dynamo maka oge 2023 ha, yana nhọrọ klọb iji gbatịkwuo oge ya maka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/houston-dynamo-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara|work=[[Major League Soccer]]|date=December 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/former-tfc-forward-achara-heading-to-houston|title=Former TFC forward Achara heading to Houston|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=December 7, 2022|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị oge 2023 dum n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na otu nke abụọ, Houston Dynamo 2 na MLS Next Pro, maka oge 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-sign-fw-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo 2 sign FW Ifunanyachi Achara|date=February 21, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, a gbazinyere ya Ventura County FC nke MLSNP maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/ventura-county-fc-acquire-forward-ifu-achara-on-loan-from-houston-dynamo-2/|title=Ventura County FC Acquire Forward Ifu Achara on Loan From Houston Dynamo 2|first=Jack|author=Cybulski|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-loan-forward-ifu-achara-to-ventura-county-fc|title=Houston Dynamo 2 Loan Forward Ifu Achara to Ventura County FC|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Ventura County na August 19 megide Tacoma Defiance . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/new-signings-shine-to-claim-point-on-the-road-against-tacoma/|title=New Signings Shine to Claim Point on the Road Against Tacoma|date=August 20, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref> Na Mee 2025, Achara laghachiri na klọb mbụ ya Black Rock FC na USL League Two, a na-akpọ ya onyeisi ndị otu. Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ n'oge oge ahụ. === Ndị na-agagharị agagharị === Na 5 Febụwarị 2026, Achara bịanyere aka na Bray Wanderers na ọkwa nke abụọ nke Ireland, League of Ireland First Division . Ezinụlọ ya ka bi na Enugu, Naijiria, ebe nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ugo Achara Jr., nwere agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ na Mahadum Northwestern dị na [[Chicago]], ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=36249|title=Not The First Time Achara's Been Quarantined|first=Igho|author=Kingsley|date=26 May 2020|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}</ref> Na June 2020, mgbe ndị otu anọ nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Minneapolis gburu George Floyd n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ọ kwuru okwu megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ọ na-amaghị ruo mgbe ọ gara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na-ekwu na ụzọ e si emeso mmadụ n'ebe ahụ na-agbadata na agba akpụkpọ ahụ, ọ dịkwa mwute na nke a ka bụ nsogbu na ọha mmadụ.<ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ọ malitere mkpọsa iji nweta ego maka mkpọsa End SARS iji gbasaa ndị Naịjirịa Special Anti-Robbery Squad nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2020/10/28/toronto-fc-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-looks-to-help-those-in-need-back-home-in-nigeria.html|title=Toronto FC rookie Ifunanyachi Achara looks to help those in need back home in Nigeria|first=Neil|author=Davidson|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|match played 30 September 2022}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|ifunanyachi-achara/444963}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Egwuregwu ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |GPS Portland Phoenix<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2016 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12301412|publisher=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2016 |PDL |8 |6 |0 |0 |? |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !8 !6 !0 !0 !? !0 ! colspan="2" |- !8 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Black Rock FC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2018 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24835831?subseason=482928|work=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2018 |PDL |9 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |8 |- |2019 |Njikọ nke Abụọ nke USL |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !11 !1 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !21 !11 |- | rowspan="4" |Toronto FC |2020 | rowspan="3" |MLS |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- |2021 |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |0 |0 |17 |3 |- |2022 |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !30 !3 !0 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !34 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !56 !20 !1 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !62 !21 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === '''GPS Portland Phoenix''' * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 '''Toronto FC''' * Mmeri nke Canada: 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/at-last-toronto-fc-capture-2020-canadian-championship-with-win-over-forge-fc|title=At last, Toronto FC capture 2020 Canadian Championship over Forge FC|publisher=Major League Soccer|date=4 June 2022|accessdate=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4nt6qta5vcs6oj1dclexj1claux3hpf 655980 655978 2026-06-17T07:58:12Z Johnnybam 24488 /* Oge ọ malitere */ 655980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifunanyachi Achara''' // i (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu maka otu egwuregwu League of Ireland First Division Bray Wanderers . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Achara na Enugu, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma too na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria, <ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> ebe o biri ruo 2014 mgbe ọ dị afọ 17. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Davdison|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara thinking of family back home in Nigeria|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-thinking-of-family-back/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> Jay-Jay Okocha bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ mba Naijiria hụrụ ya bụ onye tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba Naijeria U17. O mechara ghara ịbanye na ndepụta maka otu ahụ meriri 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/acharas-journey-to-the-reds-has-been-fraught-with-obstacles-but-now-the-young-nigerian-is-hoping-to-set-mls-on-fire|title=Obstacles overcome, TFC rookie Achara now hoping to set MLS on fire|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=March 5, 2020|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara United States, ebe ya na Chicago Magic SC gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa wee merie 2015 U-17 US National Youth Championship.Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Berkshire na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe akpọpụtara ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ agadi ya. Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu egwu ya na Black Rock FC n'ọdịnihu na onye otu Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Achara gara Mahadum Georgetown wee soro ndị Hoyas gwuo egwuregwu oge anọ na NCAA's Big East Conference. E merụrụ ya ahụ n'oge oge anọ ya, nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'oge ọ bụla.[1] N'ime afọ obere ya, Achara bụ nhọrọ otu All-Big East na nke abụọ nke mpaghara All-East.[2] N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ, na-enyere ha aka imeri asọmpi 2019 NCAA, asọmpi mba mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na akụkọ ntolite ya, [3] wee kpọọ ya na otu All-Big East Second Team.N'ime ọrụ afọ anọ ya na Hoyas, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 21 na enyemaka 7 na egwuregwu 55. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọkara ọkachamara === Achara pụtara maka USL PDL n'akụkụ GPS Portland Phoenix na 2016 ebe ọ gbara goolu isii na egwuregwu asatọ ma nyere aka iduga ha imeri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/sports/noreasters-begin-playoffs-tuesday-night-in-maine/article_f70101c6-4d4b-11e6-97fa-ef19393bf1f0.html|title=Nor'easters begin playoffs Tuesday night in Maine|first=Guy|author=Gargan|date=July 18, 2016|work=Press of Atlantic City}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Georgetown, Achara gbara bọọlụ na Black Rock FC na USL League Two na 2018 na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ndị otu maka oge abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-starts-inaugural-pdl-season-this-weekend,539930?|title=Black Rock FC starts inaugural PDL season this weekend|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 17, 2018|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-ready-to-kick-off-usl2-campaign,573701?|title=Black Rock FC ready to kick off USL2 campaign|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 16, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ maka otu ahụ na 2018 na goolu asatọ, ya na Jacob Shaffelburg, ka otu ahụ meriri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-wins-pdl-northeast-division-title-in-first-season,544437?|title=Black Rock FC wins PDL Northeast Division title in first season|date=July 10, 2018|first=Geoff|author=Smith|work=Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na otu PDL Eastern All-Star na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/news_article/show/938141|title=2018 PDL All-Eastern Conference Team|author=Coreschi|first=Colton|publisher=Premier Development League (PDL)|date=July 31, 2018|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Black Rock, a họpụtara ya dị ka # 13 Top Prospect na USL League Two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-makes-home-debut-friday-against-gps-portland-phoenix,575051|title=Black Rock FC makes home debut Friday against GPS Portland Phoenix|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Achara_-_cropped.png|thumb|Achara na-egwuri egwu maka Toronto FC na 2020]] A họpụtara Achara dị ka onye nke iri abụọ na ise n'ozuzu na 2020 MLS SuperDraft site na Toronto FC.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara is making a name with Toronto FC – just not his first name|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-is-making-a-name-with-toronto-fc/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gosipụtara ihe dị egwu tupu oge ezumike, a bịanyere aka na otu mbụ na 21 Febụwarị 2020.<ref name="GMSign">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC signs Achara after impressive preseason <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC signs Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara after impressive preseason" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-signs-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-after-impressive/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 21, 2020|page=S9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Bogert|first=Tom|title=Toronto FC sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara after stellar preseason|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/02/21/toronto-fc-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-after-stellar-preseason|publisher=MLS Soccer|date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Achara mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 Maachị 2020, na egwuregwu mmeghe oge megide Toronto FC. Enyere Achara onyinye onye egwuregwu. Ọ pụtara ka ọ gbatara goolu mmalite na nkeji iri na otu, mana agbapụrụ goolu ahụ site na mkpebi VAR. Achara gara n'ihu nye naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji 81 ka Toronto meriri New York City FC 1–0. [2] N'oge ọzụzụ ọzụzụ maka MLS Back Tournament, na-esochi nkwusioru otu egwuregwu n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Achara dọwara ACL ya mgbe ya na onye otu egwuregwu Omar Gonzalez dakọtara n'oge ọzụzụ, na-akwụsị oge rookie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị naanị otu egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmerụ ahụ ogologo oge, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ na Ọgọst 4, 2021 dị ka onye nọchiri anya Philadelphia Union, ọnwa 17 ka ọ pụtachara. Achara gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na oge 2021 MLS na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ gbakere na mmerụ ahụ ACL ya megide CF Montreal na August 27, 2021.Na Disemba 1, Toronto kwupụtara na ha ewerela nhọrọ nkwekọrịta Achara, na-edobe ya na klọb maka oge MLS 2022.[Mgbe njedebe nke oge 2022 gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jụrụ nhọrọ ya maka 2023. === Houston Dynamo === Na 2022 MLS Re-Entry Draft, Houston Dynamo họpụtara ya na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/news/houston-dynamo-fc-select-ifunanyachi-achara-in-stage-2-of-mls-re-entry-draft|title=Houston Dynamo FC select Ifunanyachi Achara in Stage 2 of MLS Re-Entry Draft|date=November 22, 2022|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Na 7 Disemba 2022, Achara bịanyere aka na Dynamo maka oge 2023 ha, yana nhọrọ klọb iji gbatịkwuo oge ya maka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/houston-dynamo-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara|work=[[Major League Soccer]]|date=December 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/former-tfc-forward-achara-heading-to-houston|title=Former TFC forward Achara heading to Houston|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=December 7, 2022|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị oge 2023 dum n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na otu nke abụọ, Houston Dynamo 2 na MLS Next Pro, maka oge 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-sign-fw-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo 2 sign FW Ifunanyachi Achara|date=February 21, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, a gbazinyere ya Ventura County FC nke MLSNP maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/ventura-county-fc-acquire-forward-ifu-achara-on-loan-from-houston-dynamo-2/|title=Ventura County FC Acquire Forward Ifu Achara on Loan From Houston Dynamo 2|first=Jack|author=Cybulski|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-loan-forward-ifu-achara-to-ventura-county-fc|title=Houston Dynamo 2 Loan Forward Ifu Achara to Ventura County FC|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Ventura County na August 19 megide Tacoma Defiance . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/new-signings-shine-to-claim-point-on-the-road-against-tacoma/|title=New Signings Shine to Claim Point on the Road Against Tacoma|date=August 20, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref> Na Mee 2025, Achara laghachiri na klọb mbụ ya Black Rock FC na USL League Two, a na-akpọ ya onyeisi ndị otu. Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ n'oge oge ahụ. === Ndị na-agagharị agagharị === Na 5 Febụwarị 2026, Achara bịanyere aka na Bray Wanderers na ọkwa nke abụọ nke Ireland, League of Ireland First Division . Ezinụlọ ya ka bi na Enugu, Naijiria, ebe nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ugo Achara Jr., nwere agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ na Mahadum Northwestern dị na [[Chicago]], ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=36249|title=Not The First Time Achara's Been Quarantined|first=Igho|author=Kingsley|date=26 May 2020|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}</ref> Na June 2020, mgbe ndị otu anọ nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Minneapolis gburu George Floyd n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ọ kwuru okwu megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ọ na-amaghị ruo mgbe ọ gara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na-ekwu na ụzọ e si emeso mmadụ n'ebe ahụ na-agbadata na agba akpụkpọ ahụ, ọ dịkwa mwute na nke a ka bụ nsogbu na ọha mmadụ.<ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ọ malitere mkpọsa iji nweta ego maka mkpọsa End SARS iji gbasaa ndị Naịjirịa Special Anti-Robbery Squad nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2020/10/28/toronto-fc-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-looks-to-help-those-in-need-back-home-in-nigeria.html|title=Toronto FC rookie Ifunanyachi Achara looks to help those in need back home in Nigeria|first=Neil|author=Davidson|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|match played 30 September 2022}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|ifunanyachi-achara/444963}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Egwuregwu ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |GPS Portland Phoenix<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2016 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12301412|publisher=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2016 |PDL |8 |6 |0 |0 |? |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !8 !6 !0 !0 !? !0 ! colspan="2" |- !8 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Black Rock FC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2018 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24835831?subseason=482928|work=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2018 |PDL |9 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |8 |- |2019 |Njikọ nke Abụọ nke USL |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !11 !1 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !21 !11 |- | rowspan="4" |Toronto FC |2020 | rowspan="3" |MLS |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- |2021 |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |0 |0 |17 |3 |- |2022 |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !30 !3 !0 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !34 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !56 !20 !1 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !62 !21 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === '''GPS Portland Phoenix''' * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 '''Toronto FC''' * Mmeri nke Canada: 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/at-last-toronto-fc-capture-2020-canadian-championship-with-win-over-forge-fc|title=At last, Toronto FC capture 2020 Canadian Championship over Forge FC|publisher=Major League Soccer|date=4 June 2022|accessdate=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p64dp4o9zgk9xeyy4o5txgir6d78vn6 655981 655980 2026-06-17T07:59:38Z Johnnybam 24488 /* Ọkara ọkachamara */ 655981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifunanyachi Achara''' // i (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu maka otu egwuregwu League of Ireland First Division Bray Wanderers . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Achara na Enugu, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma too na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria, <ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> ebe o biri ruo 2014 mgbe ọ dị afọ 17. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Davdison|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara thinking of family back home in Nigeria|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-thinking-of-family-back/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> Jay-Jay Okocha bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ mba Naijiria hụrụ ya bụ onye tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba Naijeria U17. O mechara ghara ịbanye na ndepụta maka otu ahụ meriri 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/acharas-journey-to-the-reds-has-been-fraught-with-obstacles-but-now-the-young-nigerian-is-hoping-to-set-mls-on-fire|title=Obstacles overcome, TFC rookie Achara now hoping to set MLS on fire|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=March 5, 2020|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara United States, ebe ya na Chicago Magic SC gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa wee merie 2015 U-17 US National Youth Championship.Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Berkshire na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe akpọpụtara ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ agadi ya. Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu egwu ya na Black Rock FC n'ọdịnihu na onye otu Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Achara gara Mahadum Georgetown wee soro ndị Hoyas gwuo egwuregwu oge anọ na NCAA's Big East Conference. E merụrụ ya ahụ n'oge oge anọ ya, nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'oge ọ bụla.[1] N'ime afọ obere ya, Achara bụ nhọrọ otu All-Big East na nke abụọ nke mpaghara All-East.[2] N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ, na-enyere ha aka imeri asọmpi 2019 NCAA, asọmpi mba mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na akụkọ ntolite ya, [3] wee kpọọ ya na otu All-Big East Second Team.N'ime ọrụ afọ anọ ya na Hoyas, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 21 na enyemaka 7 na egwuregwu 55. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọkara ọkachamara === Achara pụtara maka USL PDL n'akụkụ GPS Portland Phoenix na 2016 ebe ọ gbara goolu isii na egwuregwu asatọ ma nyere aka iduga ha imeri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/sports/noreasters-begin-playoffs-tuesday-night-in-maine/article_f70101c6-4d4b-11e6-97fa-ef19393bf1f0.html|title=Nor'easters begin playoffs Tuesday night in Maine|first=Guy|author=Gargan|date=July 18, 2016|work=Press of Atlantic City}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Georgetown, Achara gbara bọọlụ na Black Rock FC na USL League Two na 2018 na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ndị otu maka oge abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-starts-inaugural-pdl-season-this-weekend,539930?|title=Black Rock FC starts inaugural PDL season this weekend|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 17, 2018|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-ready-to-kick-off-usl2-campaign,573701?|title=Black Rock FC ready to kick off USL2 campaign|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 16, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ maka otu ahụ na 2018 na goolu asatọ, ya na Jacob Shaffelburg, ka otu ahụ meriri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-wins-pdl-northeast-division-title-in-first-season,544437?|title=Black Rock FC wins PDL Northeast Division title in first season|date=July 10, 2018|first=Geoff|author=Smith|work=Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na otu PDL Eastern All-Star na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/news_article/show/938141|title=2018 PDL All-Eastern Conference Team|author=Coreschi|first=Colton|publisher=Premier Development League (PDL)|date=July 31, 2018|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Black Rock, a họpụtara ya dị ka # 13 Top Prospect na USL League Two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-makes-home-debut-friday-against-gps-portland-phoenix,575051|title=Black Rock FC makes home debut Friday against GPS Portland Phoenix|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Achara_-_cropped.png|thumb|Achara na-egwuri egwu maka Toronto FC na 2020]] A họpụtara Achara dị ka onye nke iri abụọ na ise n'ozuzu na 2020 MLS SuperDraft site na Toronto FC.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara is making a name with Toronto FC – just not his first name|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-is-making-a-name-with-toronto-fc/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gosipụtara ihe dị egwu tupu oge ezumike, a bịanyere aka na otu mbụ na 21 Febụwarị 2020.<ref name="GMSign">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC signs Achara after impressive preseason <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC signs Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara after impressive preseason" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-signs-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-after-impressive/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 21, 2020|page=S9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Bogert|first=Tom|title=Toronto FC sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara after stellar preseason|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/02/21/toronto-fc-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-after-stellar-preseason|publisher=MLS Soccer|date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Achara mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 Maachị 2020, na egwuregwu mmeghe oge megide Toronto FC. Enyere Achara onyinye onye egwuregwu. Ọ pụtara ka ọ gbatara goolu mmalite na nkeji iri na otu, mana agbapụrụ goolu ahụ site na mkpebi VAR. Achara gara n'ihu nye naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji 81 ka Toronto meriri New York City FC 1–0. N'oge ọzụzụ ọzụzụ maka MLS Back Tournament, na-esochi nkwusioru otu egwuregwu n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Achara dọwara ACL ya mgbe ya na onye otu egwuregwu Omar Gonzalez dakọtara n'oge ọzụzụ, na-akwụsị oge rookie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị naanị otu egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmerụ ahụ ogologo oge, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ na Ọgọst 4, 2021 dị ka onye nọchiri anya Philadelphia Union, ọnwa 17 ka ọ pụtachara. Achara gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na oge 2021 MLS na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ gbakere na mmerụ ahụ ACL ya megide CF Montreal na August 27, 2021.Na Disemba 1, Toronto kwupụtara na ha ewerela nhọrọ nkwekọrịta Achara, na-edobe ya na klọb maka oge MLS 2022.mgbe njedebe nke oge 2022 gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jụrụ nhọrọ ya maka 2023. === Houston Dynamo === Na 2022 MLS Re-Entry Draft, Houston Dynamo họpụtara ya na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/news/houston-dynamo-fc-select-ifunanyachi-achara-in-stage-2-of-mls-re-entry-draft|title=Houston Dynamo FC select Ifunanyachi Achara in Stage 2 of MLS Re-Entry Draft|date=November 22, 2022|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Na 7 Disemba 2022, Achara bịanyere aka na Dynamo maka oge 2023 ha, yana nhọrọ klọb iji gbatịkwuo oge ya maka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/houston-dynamo-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara|work=[[Major League Soccer]]|date=December 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/former-tfc-forward-achara-heading-to-houston|title=Former TFC forward Achara heading to Houston|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=December 7, 2022|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị oge 2023 dum n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na otu nke abụọ, Houston Dynamo 2 na MLS Next Pro, maka oge 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-sign-fw-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo 2 sign FW Ifunanyachi Achara|date=February 21, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, a gbazinyere ya Ventura County FC nke MLSNP maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/ventura-county-fc-acquire-forward-ifu-achara-on-loan-from-houston-dynamo-2/|title=Ventura County FC Acquire Forward Ifu Achara on Loan From Houston Dynamo 2|first=Jack|author=Cybulski|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-loan-forward-ifu-achara-to-ventura-county-fc|title=Houston Dynamo 2 Loan Forward Ifu Achara to Ventura County FC|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Ventura County na August 19 megide Tacoma Defiance . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/new-signings-shine-to-claim-point-on-the-road-against-tacoma/|title=New Signings Shine to Claim Point on the Road Against Tacoma|date=August 20, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref> Na Mee 2025, Achara laghachiri na klọb mbụ ya Black Rock FC na USL League Two, a na-akpọ ya onyeisi ndị otu. Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ n'oge oge ahụ. === Ndị na-agagharị agagharị === Na 5 Febụwarị 2026, Achara bịanyere aka na Bray Wanderers na ọkwa nke abụọ nke Ireland, League of Ireland First Division . Ezinụlọ ya ka bi na Enugu, Naijiria, ebe nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ugo Achara Jr., nwere agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ na Mahadum Northwestern dị na [[Chicago]], ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=36249|title=Not The First Time Achara's Been Quarantined|first=Igho|author=Kingsley|date=26 May 2020|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}</ref> Na June 2020, mgbe ndị otu anọ nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Minneapolis gburu George Floyd n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ọ kwuru okwu megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ọ na-amaghị ruo mgbe ọ gara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na-ekwu na ụzọ e si emeso mmadụ n'ebe ahụ na-agbadata na agba akpụkpọ ahụ, ọ dịkwa mwute na nke a ka bụ nsogbu na ọha mmadụ.<ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ọ malitere mkpọsa iji nweta ego maka mkpọsa End SARS iji gbasaa ndị Naịjirịa Special Anti-Robbery Squad nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2020/10/28/toronto-fc-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-looks-to-help-those-in-need-back-home-in-nigeria.html|title=Toronto FC rookie Ifunanyachi Achara looks to help those in need back home in Nigeria|first=Neil|author=Davidson|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|match played 30 September 2022}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|ifunanyachi-achara/444963}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Egwuregwu ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |GPS Portland Phoenix<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2016 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12301412|publisher=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2016 |PDL |8 |6 |0 |0 |? |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !8 !6 !0 !0 !? !0 ! colspan="2" |- !8 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Black Rock FC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2018 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24835831?subseason=482928|work=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2018 |PDL |9 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |8 |- |2019 |Njikọ nke Abụọ nke USL |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !11 !1 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !21 !11 |- | rowspan="4" |Toronto FC |2020 | rowspan="3" |MLS |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- |2021 |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |0 |0 |17 |3 |- |2022 |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !30 !3 !0 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !34 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !56 !20 !1 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !62 !21 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === '''GPS Portland Phoenix''' * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 '''Toronto FC''' * Mmeri nke Canada: 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/at-last-toronto-fc-capture-2020-canadian-championship-with-win-over-forge-fc|title=At last, Toronto FC capture 2020 Canadian Championship over Forge FC|publisher=Major League Soccer|date=4 June 2022|accessdate=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rcb4bbvlu54hoxl191431d827sx2rx4 655984 655981 2026-06-17T08:13:14Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359760687|Ifunanyachi Achara]]" 655984 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Ifunanyachi Achara''' // i (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu maka otu egwuregwu League of Ireland First Division Bray Wanderers . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Achara na Enugu, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma too na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria, <ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> ebe o biri ruo 2014 mgbe ọ dị afọ 17. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Davdison|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara thinking of family back home in Nigeria|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-thinking-of-family-back/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> Jay-Jay Okocha bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ mba Naijiria hụrụ ya bụ onye tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba Naijeria U17. O mechara ghara ịbanye na ndepụta maka otu ahụ meriri 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/acharas-journey-to-the-reds-has-been-fraught-with-obstacles-but-now-the-young-nigerian-is-hoping-to-set-mls-on-fire|title=Obstacles overcome, TFC rookie Achara now hoping to set MLS on fire|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=March 5, 2020|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara United States, ebe ya na Chicago Magic SC gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa wee merie 2015 U-17 US National Youth Championship. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Berkshire na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe akpọpụtara ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ agadi ya.Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu egwu ya na Black Rock FC n'ọdịnihu na onye otu Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg. == Ọrụ kọleji == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Achara gara Mahadum Georgetown wee soro ndị Hoyas gwuo egwuregwu oge anọ na NCAA's Big East Conference. E merụrụ ya ahụ n'oge oge anọ ya, nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'oge ọ bụla. N'ime afọ obere ya, Achara bụ nhọrọ otu All-Big East na nke abụọ nke mpaghara All-East. N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ, na-enyere ha aka imeri asọmpi 2019 NCAA, asọmpi mba mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na akụkọ ntolite ya, wee kpọọ ya na otu All-Big East Second Team.N'ime ọrụ afọ anọ ya na Hoyas, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 21 na enyemaka 7 na egwuregwu 55. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọkara ọkachamara === Achara pụtara maka USL PDL n'akụkụ GPS Portland Phoenix na 2016 ebe ọ gbara goolu isii na egwuregwu asatọ ma nyere aka iduga ha imeri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/sports/noreasters-begin-playoffs-tuesday-night-in-maine/article_f70101c6-4d4b-11e6-97fa-ef19393bf1f0.html|title=Nor'easters begin playoffs Tuesday night in Maine|first=Guy|author=Gargan|date=July 18, 2016|work=Press of Atlantic City}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Georgetown, Achara gbara bọọlụ na Black Rock FC na USL League Two na 2018 na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ndị otu maka oge abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-starts-inaugural-pdl-season-this-weekend,539930?|title=Black Rock FC starts inaugural PDL season this weekend|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 17, 2018|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-ready-to-kick-off-usl2-campaign,573701?|title=Black Rock FC ready to kick off USL2 campaign|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 16, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ maka otu ahụ na 2018 na goolu asatọ, ya na Jacob Shaffelburg, ka otu ahụ meriri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-wins-pdl-northeast-division-title-in-first-season,544437?|title=Black Rock FC wins PDL Northeast Division title in first season|date=July 10, 2018|first=Geoff|author=Smith|work=Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na otu PDL Eastern All-Star na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/news_article/show/938141|title=2018 PDL All-Eastern Conference Team|author=Coreschi|first=Colton|publisher=Premier Development League (PDL)|date=July 31, 2018|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Black Rock, a họpụtara ya dị ka # 13 Top Prospect na USL League Two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-makes-home-debut-friday-against-gps-portland-phoenix,575051|title=Black Rock FC makes home debut Friday against GPS Portland Phoenix|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> === Toronto FC === [[Faịlụ:Achara_-_cropped.png|thumb|Achara na-egwuri egwu maka Toronto FC na 2020]] A họpụtara Achara dị ka onye nke iri abụọ na ise n'ozuzu na 2020 MLS SuperDraft site na Toronto FC.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara is making a name with Toronto FC – just not his first name|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-is-making-a-name-with-toronto-fc/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gosipụtara ihe dị egwu tupu oge ezumike, a bịanyere aka na otu mbụ na 21 Febụwarị 2020.<ref name="GMSign">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC signs Achara after impressive preseason <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC signs Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara after impressive preseason" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-signs-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-after-impressive/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 21, 2020|page=S9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Bogert|first=Tom|title=Toronto FC sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara after stellar preseason|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/02/21/toronto-fc-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-after-stellar-preseason|publisher=MLS Soccer|date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Achara mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 Maachị 2020, na egwuregwu mmeghe oge megide Toronto FC. Enyere Achara onyinye onye egwuregwu. Ọ pụtara ka ọ gbatara goolu mmalite na nkeji iri na otu, mana agbapụrụ goolu ahụ site na mkpebi VAR. Achara gara n'ihu nye naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji 81 ka Toronto meriri New York City FC 1–0. N'oge ọzụzụ ọzụzụ maka MLS Back Tournament, na-esochi nkwusioru otu egwuregwu n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Achara dọwara ACL ya mgbe ya na onye otu egwuregwu Omar Gonzalez dakọtara n'oge ọzụzụ, na-akwụsị oge rookie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị naanị otu egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmerụ ahụ ogologo oge, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ na Ọgọst 4, 2021 dị ka onye nọchiri anya Philadelphia Union, ọnwa 17 ka ọ pụtachara. Achara gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na oge 2021 MLS na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ gbakere na mmerụ ahụ ACL ya megide CF Montreal na August 27, 2021.Na Disemba 1, Toronto kwupụtara na ha ewerela nhọrọ nkwekọrịta Achara, na-edobe ya na klọb maka oge MLS 2022. Mgbe njedebe nke oge 2022 gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jụrụ nhọrọ ya maka 2023. === Houston Dynamo === Na 2022 MLS Re-Entry Draft, Houston Dynamo họpụtara ya na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/news/houston-dynamo-fc-select-ifunanyachi-achara-in-stage-2-of-mls-re-entry-draft|title=Houston Dynamo FC select Ifunanyachi Achara in Stage 2 of MLS Re-Entry Draft|date=November 22, 2022|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Na 7 Disemba 2022, Achara bịanyere aka na Dynamo maka oge 2023 ha, yana nhọrọ klọb iji gbatịkwuo oge ya maka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/houston-dynamo-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara|work=[[Major League Soccer]]|date=December 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/former-tfc-forward-achara-heading-to-houston|title=Former TFC forward Achara heading to Houston|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=December 7, 2022|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị oge 2023 dum n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na otu nke abụọ, Houston Dynamo 2 na MLS Next Pro, maka oge 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-sign-fw-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo 2 sign FW Ifunanyachi Achara|date=February 21, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, a gbazinyere ya Ventura County FC nke MLSNP maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/ventura-county-fc-acquire-forward-ifu-achara-on-loan-from-houston-dynamo-2/|title=Ventura County FC Acquire Forward Ifu Achara on Loan From Houston Dynamo 2|first=Jack|author=Cybulski|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-loan-forward-ifu-achara-to-ventura-county-fc|title=Houston Dynamo 2 Loan Forward Ifu Achara to Ventura County FC|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Ventura County na August 19 megide Tacoma Defiance . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/new-signings-shine-to-claim-point-on-the-road-against-tacoma/|title=New Signings Shine to Claim Point on the Road Against Tacoma|date=August 20, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref> === Black Rock FC === Na Mee 2025, Achara laghachiri na klọb mbụ ya Black Rock FC na USL League Two, a na-akpọ ya onyeisi ndị otu. Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ n'oge oge ahụ. === Ndị na-agagharị agagharị === Na 5 Febụwarị 2026, Achara bịanyere aka na Bray Wanderers na ọkwa nke abụọ nke Ireland, League of Ireland First Division . == Ndụ onwe onye == Ezinụlọ ya ka bi na Enugu, Naijiria, ebe nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ugo Achara Jr., nwere agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ na Mahadum Northwestern dị na [[Chicago]], ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=36249|title=Not The First Time Achara's Been Quarantined|first=Igho|author=Kingsley|date=26 May 2020|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}</ref> Na June 2020, mgbe ndị otu anọ nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Minneapolis gburu George Floyd n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ọ kwuru okwu megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ọ na-amaghị ruo mgbe ọ gara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na-ekwu na ụzọ e si emeso mmadụ n'ebe ahụ na-agbadata na agba akpụkpọ ahụ, ọ dịkwa mwute na nke a ka bụ nsogbu na ọha mmadụ.<ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ọ malitere mkpọsa iji nweta ego maka mkpọsa End SARS iji gbasaa ndị Naịjirịa Special Anti-Robbery Squad nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2020/10/28/toronto-fc-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-looks-to-help-those-in-need-back-home-in-nigeria.html|title=Toronto FC rookie Ifunanyachi Achara looks to help those in need back home in Nigeria|first=Neil|author=Davidson|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|match played 30 September 2022}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|ifunanyachi-achara/444963}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Egwuregwu ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |GPS Portland Phoenix<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2016 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12301412|publisher=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2016 |PDL |8 |6 |0 |0 |? |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !8 !6 !0 !0 !? !0 ! colspan="2" |- !8 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Black Rock FC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2018 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24835831?subseason=482928|work=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2018 |PDL |9 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |8 |- |2019 |Njikọ nke Abụọ nke USL |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !11 !1 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !21 !11 |- | rowspan="4" |Toronto FC |2020 | rowspan="3" |MLS |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- |2021 |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |0 |0 |17 |3 |- |2022 |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !30 !3 !0 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !34 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !56 !20 !1 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !62 !21 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === '''GPS Portland Phoenix''' * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 . <ref name="georgetown">{{Cite web|url=https://guhoyas.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/-blank-achara/9532|title=Achara Profile|work=[[Georgetown University]]}}</ref> Ọ gara Berkshire School na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe a kpọrọ aha ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ ikpeazụ ya.<ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu track ya na onye otu Black Rock FC na Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/post/2020/02/22/signing-toronto-fc-means-everything-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Signing with Toronto FC 'means everything' to rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara|author=Grossi|first=James|date=February 22, 2020|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref> * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 '''Toronto FC''' * Mmeri nke Canada: 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/at-last-toronto-fc-capture-2020-canadian-championship-with-win-over-forge-fc|title=At last, Toronto FC capture 2020 Canadian Championship over Forge FC|publisher=Major League Soccer|date=4 June 2022|accessdate=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Edensibia ==  {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] s30cudymg6t2weuweqiy8qrpkpeu8go 655985 655984 2026-06-17T08:13:56Z Johnnybam 24488 655985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifunanyachi Achara''' // i (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu maka otu egwuregwu League of Ireland First Division Bray Wanderers . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Achara na Enugu, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma too na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria, <ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> ebe o biri ruo 2014 mgbe ọ dị afọ 17. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Davdison|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara thinking of family back home in Nigeria|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-thinking-of-family-back/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> Jay-Jay Okocha bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ mba Naijiria hụrụ ya bụ onye tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba Naijeria U17. O mechara ghara ịbanye na ndepụta maka otu ahụ meriri 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/acharas-journey-to-the-reds-has-been-fraught-with-obstacles-but-now-the-young-nigerian-is-hoping-to-set-mls-on-fire|title=Obstacles overcome, TFC rookie Achara now hoping to set MLS on fire|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=March 5, 2020|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara United States, ebe ya na Chicago Magic SC gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa wee merie 2015 U-17 US National Youth Championship. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Berkshire na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe akpọpụtara ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ agadi ya.Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu egwu ya na Black Rock FC n'ọdịnihu na onye otu Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg. == Ọrụ kọleji == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Achara gara Mahadum Georgetown wee soro ndị Hoyas gwuo egwuregwu oge anọ na NCAA's Big East Conference. E merụrụ ya ahụ n'oge oge anọ ya, nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'oge ọ bụla. N'ime afọ obere ya, Achara bụ nhọrọ otu All-Big East na nke abụọ nke mpaghara All-East. N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ, na-enyere ha aka imeri asọmpi 2019 NCAA, asọmpi mba mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na akụkọ ntolite ya, wee kpọọ ya na otu All-Big East Second Team.N'ime ọrụ afọ anọ ya na Hoyas, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 21 na enyemaka 7 na egwuregwu 55. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọkara ọkachamara === Achara pụtara maka USL PDL n'akụkụ GPS Portland Phoenix na 2016 ebe ọ gbara goolu isii na egwuregwu asatọ ma nyere aka iduga ha imeri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/sports/noreasters-begin-playoffs-tuesday-night-in-maine/article_f70101c6-4d4b-11e6-97fa-ef19393bf1f0.html|title=Nor'easters begin playoffs Tuesday night in Maine|first=Guy|author=Gargan|date=July 18, 2016|work=Press of Atlantic City}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Georgetown, Achara gbara bọọlụ na Black Rock FC na USL League Two na 2018 na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ndị otu maka oge abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-starts-inaugural-pdl-season-this-weekend,539930?|title=Black Rock FC starts inaugural PDL season this weekend|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 17, 2018|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-ready-to-kick-off-usl2-campaign,573701?|title=Black Rock FC ready to kick off USL2 campaign|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 16, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ maka otu ahụ na 2018 na goolu asatọ, ya na Jacob Shaffelburg, ka otu ahụ meriri PDL Northeast Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-wins-pdl-northeast-division-title-in-first-season,544437?|title=Black Rock FC wins PDL Northeast Division title in first season|date=July 10, 2018|first=Geoff|author=Smith|work=Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na otu PDL Eastern All-Star na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/news_article/show/938141|title=2018 PDL All-Eastern Conference Team|author=Coreschi|first=Colton|publisher=Premier Development League (PDL)|date=July 31, 2018|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Black Rock, a họpụtara ya dị ka # 13 Top Prospect na USL League Two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/black-rock-fc-makes-home-debut-friday-against-gps-portland-phoenix,575051|title=Black Rock FC makes home debut Friday against GPS Portland Phoenix|first=Geoff|author=Smith|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Berkshire Eagle}}</ref> === Toronto FC === [[Faịlụ:Achara_-_cropped.png|thumb|Achara na-egwuri egwu maka Toronto FC na 2020]] A họpụtara Achara dị ka onye nke iri abụọ na ise n'ozuzu na 2020 MLS SuperDraft site na Toronto FC.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara is making a name with Toronto FC – just not his first name|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-is-making-a-name-with-toronto-fc/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gosipụtara ihe dị egwu tupu oge ezumike, a bịanyere aka na otu mbụ na 21 Febụwarị 2020.<ref name="GMSign">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Neil|title=Toronto FC signs Achara after impressive preseason <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC signs Nigerian rookie Ifunanyachi Achara after impressive preseason" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-toronto-fc-signs-nigerian-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-after-impressive/|accessdate=February 22, 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 21, 2020|page=S9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Bogert|first=Tom|title=Toronto FC sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara after stellar preseason|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/02/21/toronto-fc-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-after-stellar-preseason|publisher=MLS Soccer|date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Achara mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 Maachị 2020, na egwuregwu mmeghe oge megide Toronto FC. Enyere Achara onyinye onye egwuregwu. Ọ pụtara ka ọ gbatara goolu mmalite na nkeji iri na otu, mana agbapụrụ goolu ahụ site na mkpebi VAR. Achara gara n'ihu nye naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji 81 ka Toronto meriri New York City FC 1–0. N'oge ọzụzụ ọzụzụ maka MLS Back Tournament, na-esochi nkwusioru otu egwuregwu n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Achara dọwara ACL ya mgbe ya na onye otu egwuregwu Omar Gonzalez dakọtara n'oge ọzụzụ, na-akwụsị oge rookie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị naanị otu egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmerụ ahụ ogologo oge, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ na Ọgọst 4, 2021 dị ka onye nọchiri anya Philadelphia Union, ọnwa 17 ka ọ pụtachara. Achara gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na oge 2021 MLS na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ gbakere na mmerụ ahụ ACL ya megide CF Montreal na August 27, 2021.Na Disemba 1, Toronto kwupụtara na ha ewerela nhọrọ nkwekọrịta Achara, na-edobe ya na klọb maka oge MLS 2022. Mgbe njedebe nke oge 2022 gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jụrụ nhọrọ ya maka 2023. === Houston Dynamo === Na 2022 MLS Re-Entry Draft, Houston Dynamo họpụtara ya na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/news/houston-dynamo-fc-select-ifunanyachi-achara-in-stage-2-of-mls-re-entry-draft|title=Houston Dynamo FC select Ifunanyachi Achara in Stage 2 of MLS Re-Entry Draft|date=November 22, 2022|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Na 7 Disemba 2022, Achara bịanyere aka na Dynamo maka oge 2023 ha, yana nhọrọ klọb iji gbatịkwuo oge ya maka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/houston-dynamo-sign-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo sign forward Ifunanyachi Achara|work=[[Major League Soccer]]|date=December 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/sports/soccer/mls/toronto-fc/former-tfc-forward-achara-heading-to-houston|title=Former TFC forward Achara heading to Houston|first=Steve|author=Buffery|date=December 7, 2022|work=[[Toronto Sun]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị oge 2023 dum n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na otu nke abụọ, Houston Dynamo 2 na MLS Next Pro, maka oge 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-sign-fw-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Houston Dynamo 2 sign FW Ifunanyachi Achara|date=February 21, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, a gbazinyere ya Ventura County FC nke MLSNP maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/ventura-county-fc-acquire-forward-ifu-achara-on-loan-from-houston-dynamo-2/|title=Ventura County FC Acquire Forward Ifu Achara on Loan From Houston Dynamo 2|first=Jack|author=Cybulski|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamofc.com/dynamo2/news/houston-dynamo-2-loan-forward-ifu-achara-to-ventura-county-fc|title=Houston Dynamo 2 Loan Forward Ifu Achara to Ventura County FC|date=August 9, 2024|work=[[Houston Dynamo FC]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Ventura County na August 19 megide Tacoma Defiance . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vcfcpro.com/new-signings-shine-to-claim-point-on-the-road-against-tacoma/|title=New Signings Shine to Claim Point on the Road Against Tacoma|date=August 20, 2024|work=[[Ventura County FC]]}}</ref> === Black Rock FC === Na Mee 2025, Achara laghachiri na klọb mbụ ya Black Rock FC na USL League Two, a na-akpọ ya onyeisi ndị otu. Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ n'oge oge ahụ. === Ndị na-agagharị agagharị === Na 5 Febụwarị 2026, Achara bịanyere aka na Bray Wanderers na ọkwa nke abụọ nke Ireland, League of Ireland First Division . == Ndụ onwe onye == Ezinụlọ ya ka bi na Enugu, Naijiria, ebe nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ugo Achara Jr., nwere agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ na Mahadum Northwestern dị na [[Chicago]], ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=36249|title=Not The First Time Achara's Been Quarantined|first=Igho|author=Kingsley|date=26 May 2020|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}</ref> Na June 2020, mgbe ndị otu anọ nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Minneapolis gburu George Floyd n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ọ kwuru okwu megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ọ na-amaghị ruo mgbe ọ gara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na-ekwu na ụzọ e si emeso mmadụ n'ebe ahụ na-agbadata na agba akpụkpọ ahụ, ọ dịkwa mwute na nke a ka bụ nsogbu na ọha mmadụ.<ref name="GMRacism">{{Cite news|author=Attfield|first=Paul|title=Achara hopeful sports can help fight racism <!-- Print edition title - the online title is "Toronto FC freshman hopes sports can play a role in conversation over race and prejudice" -->|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article-toronto-fc-freshman-hopes-sports-can-play-a-role-in-conversation-over/|accessdate=9 June 2020|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=8 June 2020|page=B1}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ọ malitere mkpọsa iji nweta ego maka mkpọsa End SARS iji gbasaa ndị Naịjirịa Special Anti-Robbery Squad nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2020/10/28/toronto-fc-rookie-ifunanyachi-achara-looks-to-help-those-in-need-back-home-in-nigeria.html|title=Toronto FC rookie Ifunanyachi Achara looks to help those in need back home in Nigeria|first=Neil|author=Davidson|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|match played 30 September 2022}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|ifunanyachi-achara/444963}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Egwuregwu ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |GPS Portland Phoenix<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2016 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12301412|publisher=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2016 |PDL |8 |6 |0 |0 |? |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !8 !6 !0 !0 !? !0 ! colspan="2" |- !8 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Black Rock FC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifunanyachi Achara 2018 PDL Stats|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24835831?subseason=482928|work=[[USL League Two]]|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |2018 |PDL |9 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |8 |- |2019 |Njikọ nke Abụọ nke USL |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !11 !1 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !21 !11 |- | rowspan="4" |Toronto FC |2020 | rowspan="3" |MLS |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- |2021 |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |0 |0 |17 |3 |- |2022 |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !30 !3 !0 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !34 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !56 !20 !1 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !62 !21 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === '''GPS Portland Phoenix''' * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 . <ref name="georgetown">{{Cite web|url=https://guhoyas.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/-blank-achara/9532|title=Achara Profile|work=[[Georgetown University]]}}</ref> Ọ gara Berkshire School na Sheffield, Massachusetts, ebe a kpọrọ aha ya na egwuregwu High School All-America Best XI, n'afọ ikpeazụ ya.<ref name="collegenews">{{Cite web|url=https://collegesoccernews.com/who-is-georgetown-star-forward-ifunanyachi-achara-by-dela-agbotse/|title=Who Is Georgetown Star Forward Ifunanyachi Achara?|first=Dele|author=Agbotse|date=April 6, 2018|work=College Soccer News}}</ref> Na Berkshire, ọ nọ na bọọlụ na ndị otu track ya na onye otu Black Rock FC na Toronto FC Jacob Shaffelburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/post/2020/02/22/signing-toronto-fc-means-everything-rookie-forward-ifunanyachi-achara|title=Signing with Toronto FC 'means everything' to rookie forward Ifunanyachi Achara|author=Grossi|first=James|date=February 22, 2020|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref> * Ndị mmeri nke [[2018 PDL season#Northeast Division|2018]]_PDL_season#Northeast_Division" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 PDL season">PDL Northeast Division: 2018 '''Toronto FC''' * Mmeri nke Canada: 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/at-last-toronto-fc-capture-2020-canadian-championship-with-win-over-forge-fc|title=At last, Toronto FC capture 2020 Canadian Championship over Forge FC|publisher=Major League Soccer|date=4 June 2022|accessdate=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Edensibia ==  {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] erve1cnpvkmzmz2sj0l0jyers1m0j5e 0 75240 655986 632098 2026-06-17T08:15:21Z Johnnybam 24488 655986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seyi Adeleke''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Seyi Adeleke.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 17 Nọvemba 1991) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere aka ekpe ma ọ bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Lazio ma gbazinye ya na Pergocrema, Salernitana na FC Biel-Bienne, tupu ọ kwaga Western Sydney Wanderers na 2015. O mechara laghachi Ịtali iji kpọọ [[U.S. Arcella|Arcella]]. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na Lagos, Naịjirịa, Adeleke kwagara Ịtali na 2007 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma.<ref name="permit">{{Cite news|url=http://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/sport/2016/12-settembre-2016/destino-seyi-serie-al-rischio-rimpatrio-abito-qui-nove-anni-240890762407.shtml|title=La sorte di Seyi, dalla Serie A al rischio rimpatrio|language=Italian|publisher=Corriere del Veneto|date=12 September 2016|author=Macciò, Alessandro|accessdate=11 November 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Na 22 Ọgọst 2015, Adeleke sonyeere klọb Australian Western Sydney Wanderers. [1] Na 7 Nọvemba 2015, o mere mpụta mbụ ya maka ndị Wanderers. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na 2015 FIFA Club World Cup, ebe ọ tụfuru ntaramahụhụ ntaramahụhụ megide ES Setif nke hụrụ na ndị Wanderers gwụchara nke isii. Na 13 February 2016, a mara ọkwa na Adeleke hapụrụ Western Sydney Wanderers. Na Mee 2016, Adeleke bịanyere aka na Arcella, dabere na Padua, Italy, na-egwu na Prima Categoria.Agbanyeghị, n'afọ 2016, ọkwa obibi nke Italy Adeleke nọ n'ihe egwu. Iji ruo eru dị ka "onye na-eme egwuregwu ọkachamara", dịka egwuregwu ọ na-egwu (Promozione) bụ egwuregwu ụmụ akwụkwọ, Kọmitii Olympic nke Mba Ịtali emeghachiteghị ikike Adeleke. Adeleke rịọrọ nke a n'ihi na ọ na-anata ụgwọ maka ịgba egwu == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu A-League si mba ọzọ * Ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu Western Sydney Wanderers FC == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Seyi Adeleken'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nirp98u23b99xj738mhpdnmkwc62m73 0 75241 655987 632099 2026-06-17T08:15:54Z Johnnybam 24488 655987 wikitext text/x-wiki Sulaimon Bolaji Adekunle Listenⓘ (amụrụ 26 Ọktoba 1990) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ.. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adekunle, Sulaimon}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 195ks8s0x8rl67133t7qmxdp2d8czb7 0 75243 655989 632102 2026-06-17T08:23:26Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326575397|Olawale Adelusimi]]" 655989 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Olawale Adelusimi''' (amụrụ n'April 1, 1983) bụ onye Naijiria na-agbachitere [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke gbara bọọlụ maka Crystal Palace Baltimore na USSF nke abụọ. == Ọrụ == === Kọleji na onye na-amụrụ ihe === Adelusimi si n'obodo ya Naịjirịa bịa na United States n'afọ 2002. Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji afọ abụọ na Chandler-Gilbert Community College na [[Arizona]], ebe a họpụtara ya ugboro abụọ na All-ACCAC 1st Team, ahọpụtara ya ugboro ugboro na All-West Region I 1st Team <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nscaa.com/downloads/03jcdimfw.html|title=NSCAA|accessdate=June 21, 2009|archivedate=January 14, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114035632/http://www.nscaa.com/downloads/03jcdimfw.html}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa 2004 All-American Honorable Mention Selection. Ọ gara Mahadum Midwestern State n'afọ nke mbụ ya, ma nyere ha aka na asọmpi Southwest Soccer Conference. N'ime afọ kọleji ya, ya na Thunder Bay Chill gwukwara egwu na USL Premier Development League, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Chill squad nke meriri aha asọmpi PDL 2008. === Ọkachamara === Adelusimi bịanyere aka na Crystal Palace Baltimore na 2009, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalpalaceusa.com/News09APR15-4NewSignings.php|title=Welcome to crystalpalaceusa.com|work=www.crystalpalaceusa.com|accessdate=2018-06-04}}</ref> wee mee nke mbụ ya na Mee 15, 2009 na egwuregwu megide Western Mass Pioneers. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/stats/2009/1052052.html|title=United Soccer Leagues (USL)|accessdate=2009-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601084948/http://www.uslsoccer.com/stats/2009/1052052.html|archivedate=2009-06-01}}</ref> Crystal Palace Baltimore tọhapụrụ ya n'oge 2010 pre-season. == Nsọpụrụ == '''Okpomọkụ nke Thunder Bay''' * USL Premier Development League: 2008 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.crystalpalaceusa.com/PLAYER-Adelusimi.php Crystal Palace Baltimore onye egwuregwu profaịlụ] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] oyyvb3ao6s7nr7bxch5tqc0gywsn5rg 655990 655989 2026-06-17T08:24:01Z Johnnybam 24488 655990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olawale Adelusimi''' (amụrụ n'April 1, 1983) bụ onye Naijiria na-agbachitere [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke gbara bọọlụ maka Crystal Palace Baltimore na USSF nke abụọ. == Ọrụ == === Kọleji na onye na-amụrụ ihe === Adelusimi si n'obodo ya Naịjirịa bịa na United States n'afọ 2002. Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji afọ abụọ na Chandler-Gilbert Community College na [[Arizona]], ebe a họpụtara ya ugboro abụọ na All-ACCAC 1st Team, ahọpụtara ya ugboro ugboro na All-West Region I 1st Team <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nscaa.com/downloads/03jcdimfw.html|title=NSCAA|accessdate=June 21, 2009|archivedate=January 14, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114035632/http://www.nscaa.com/downloads/03jcdimfw.html}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa 2004 All-American Honorable Mention Selection. Ọ gara Mahadum Midwestern State n'afọ nke mbụ ya, ma nyere ha aka na asọmpi Southwest Soccer Conference. N'ime afọ kọleji ya, ya na Thunder Bay Chill gwukwara egwu na USL Premier Development League, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Chill squad nke meriri aha asọmpi PDL 2008. === Ọkachamara === Adelusimi bịanyere aka na Crystal Palace Baltimore na 2009, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalpalaceusa.com/News09APR15-4NewSignings.php|title=Welcome to crystalpalaceusa.com|work=www.crystalpalaceusa.com|accessdate=2018-06-04}}</ref> wee mee nke mbụ ya na Mee 15, 2009 na egwuregwu megide Western Mass Pioneers. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/stats/2009/1052052.html|title=United Soccer Leagues (USL)|accessdate=2009-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601084948/http://www.uslsoccer.com/stats/2009/1052052.html|archivedate=2009-06-01}}</ref> Crystal Palace Baltimore tọhapụrụ ya n'oge 2010 pre-season. == Nsọpụrụ == '''Okpomọkụ nke Thunder Bay''' * USL Premier Development League: 2008 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.crystalpalaceusa.com/PLAYER-Adelusimi.php Crystal Palace Baltimore onye egwuregwu profaịlụ] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8nu1a2krgzpujnzxfyni53qquujntx3 0 75246 655992 632124 2026-06-17T08:28:29Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358453979|Peter Ademo]]" 655992 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Peter Oluwaseun Ademo''' (pronunciationⓘ; amụrụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2003) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere etiti maka klọb Real Zaragoza nke Spain. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Ademo na Lagos, wee malite ịgba bọọlụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ntorobịa Real Sapphire.[1] N'afọ 2021, ọ kwagara Europe wee sonye n'akụkụ Latvian Daugavpils, ebe ọ bụ onye mbụ so na mpaghara nchekwa tupu enye ya Dainava na Lithuania na Machị 2022. Ademo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na Dainava na Jenụwarị 2023, tupu ọ gbanwee ndị otu na mba ọzọ na Julaị nke afọ ahụ, na-etinye aka na Sheriff Tiraspol na Moldova na mgbazinye ego. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2024, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na klọb nke ikpeazụ. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2025, a gbazinyere Ademo n'aka ndị Romanian Rapid București unti June.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcrapid.ro/peter-ademo-imprumutat-de-la-sheriff/|title=PETER ADEMO, ÎMPRUMUTAT DE LA SHERIFF|publisher=fcrapid.ro}}</ref> A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe, o mechara laghachi na Sheriff tupu ya ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na Real Zaragoza na Spanish Primera Federación na 8 June 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realzaragoza.com/noticias/el-real-zaragoza-incorpora-al-centrocampista-peter-ademo-para-las-proximas-cuatro-temporadas|title=El Real Zaragoza incorpora al centrocampista Peter Ademo para las próximas cuatro temporadas|publisher=Real Zaragoza|language=es|date=8 June 2026|accessdate=8 June 2026}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Dainava''' * I Lyga: 2022 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Peter Ademon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Peter Ademo- Statistics nke egwuregwu Romanian naLPF (n'asụsụ Romanian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ahsj5yoojosfsbxt0tk0zww85rlemlo 655993 655992 2026-06-17T08:28:50Z Johnnybam 24488 655993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Oluwaseun Ademo''' (pronunciationⓘ; amụrụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2003) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere etiti maka klọb Real Zaragoza nke Spain. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Ademo na Lagos, wee malite ịgba bọọlụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ntorobịa Real Sapphire.[1] N'afọ 2021, ọ kwagara Europe wee sonye n'akụkụ Latvian Daugavpils, ebe ọ bụ onye mbụ so na mpaghara nchekwa tupu enye ya Dainava na Lithuania na Machị 2022. Ademo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na Dainava na Jenụwarị 2023, tupu ọ gbanwee ndị otu na mba ọzọ na Julaị nke afọ ahụ, na-etinye aka na Sheriff Tiraspol na Moldova na mgbazinye ego. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2024, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na klọb nke ikpeazụ. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2025, a gbazinyere Ademo n'aka ndị Romanian Rapid București unti June.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcrapid.ro/peter-ademo-imprumutat-de-la-sheriff/|title=PETER ADEMO, ÎMPRUMUTAT DE LA SHERIFF|publisher=fcrapid.ro}}</ref> A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe, o mechara laghachi na Sheriff tupu ya ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na Real Zaragoza na Spanish Primera Federación na 8 June 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realzaragoza.com/noticias/el-real-zaragoza-incorpora-al-centrocampista-peter-ademo-para-las-proximas-cuatro-temporadas|title=El Real Zaragoza incorpora al centrocampista Peter Ademo para las próximas cuatro temporadas|publisher=Real Zaragoza|language=es|date=8 June 2026|accessdate=8 June 2026}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Dainava''' * I Lyga: 2022 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Peter Ademon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Peter Ademo- Statistics nke egwuregwu Romanian naLPF (n'asụsụ Romanian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hv5wg26fjja7uaioez4a28tb8ans08f 0 75247 655994 632125 2026-06-17T08:29:37Z Johnnybam 24488 655994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danjuma Ademola Kuti''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Danjuma Ademola Kuti.wav|Listen}} (amuru na June nke 25, 1998) bu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria na-agba S.V. Transvaal, otu ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Surinamese. == Ebe e si nweta ya == * [https://g9ija.com/2017/11/06/maradona-declares-interest-in-nigerian-striker-danjuma-ademola/ Maradona kwupụtara mmasị n'ebe onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri, Danjuma Ademola nọ] * [https://innonews.com.ng/2017/11/nigerian-striker-wanted-by-maradona/ Onye Naijiria na-eme ihe ike nke Maradona chọrọ n'ụzọ INNONEWS. Ọ dị otú ahụ. NG] * [https://footballghana.com/hearts-of-oak-complete-signing-of-niger-international-danjuma-kuti Obi nke Oak bịanyere aka na Niger mba Danjuma Kuti] * [https://kickgh.com/ghana-premier-league/9225-hearts-of-oak-targets-six-players-for-second-round-check-them Hearts of Oak na-elekwasị anya na ndị egwuregwu isii maka agba nke abụọ; Lelee ha - Kickgh.com] * https://www.srherald.com/sport/2025/11/23/transvaal-strikt-nigeriaanse-spits/ *   * [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Hearts-of-Oak-signs-Nigerian-striker-Kuti-Ademola-942973]  * [https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/ghanaian-side-hearts-of-oak-complete-signing-of-nigerian-striker-/y1ypl5mvq1qb1k18sybx0xka2] == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Danjuma-Ademola-Kuti-reveals-he-joined-Hearts-of-Oak-for-good-publicity-918988 https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Danjuma-Ademola-Kuti-na-ekpughe-ọ sonyeere-Hearts-of-Oak-for-good-publicity-918988] * https://www.modernghana.com/sports/993997/hearts-of-oak-seal-transfer-of-nigeria-forward.html * Danjuma Ademola Kutin'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ {{DEFAULTSORT:Ademola Kuti, Danjuma}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9uysro1fgt8u0lh90gretyrqwoaatig 0 75248 655995 632130 2026-06-17T08:37:14Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329642927|Ola Adeyemo]]" 655995 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Olajuwon Bamidele Adeyemo''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Ola Adeyemo.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 13 Febụwarị 1995) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere. A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/cove-rangers/3487874/ola-adeyemo-keen-to-grasp-chance-given-to-him-by-cove-rangers/|title=Ola Adeyemo keen to grasp chance given to him by Cove Rangers|date=24 September 2021}}</ref> Adeyemo kwagara [[London]], England dị ka nwa ọhụrụ wee gaa Dublin, Ireland mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ. <ref name="Wilson">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30794079|title=Dundee United: Mark Wilson to leave club by mutual consent|date=13 January 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref> O mechara soro Stella Maris na St Patrick's Athletic gbaa bọọlụ ndị ntorobịa, ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke mmemme mmepe ndị ntorobịa nke Football Association of Ireland. <ref name="Wilson" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extratime.ie/player/11115184/ola_adeyemo/|title=Ola Adeyemo|work=extratime.ie|accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịgba egwu == === Klọb === Adeyemo sonyeere UCD site na St Patrick's Athletic, ebe ọ gara n'ihu mee ka ọ pụta ìhè mbụ ya. Ọ sonyeere klọb Premiership Scottish Dundee United na June 2014 ka ya na Leyton Orient nwechara ikpe.[1] Mgbe ọ mechara mpụta mbụ ya maka Dundee United dị ka onye nnọchi na egwuregwu Premiership na Kilmarnock na 3 October 2014, [2] Adeyemo bịanyere aka na mgbakwunye nkwekọrịta na Disemba 2014 iji debe ya na klọb ahụ ọnwa iri na asatọ ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/sport/other-sport/killie-up-to-third-1.610345|title=Killie up to third|date=4 October 2014|work=Evening Telegraph|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Fife">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31104597|title=Dundee United's Ola Adeyemo moves on loan to East Fife|date=2 February 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2015, ọ sonyeere East Fife na Scottish League Two na mgbazinye mmepe maka oge fọdụrụ na 2014-15. <ref name="Fife" /> Adeyemo hapụrụ Dundee United na Disemba 2015 mgbe a kagburu nkwekọrịta ya site na nkwekọrịta abụọ, ebe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro abụọ na-anọchi anya ndị otu mbụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/sport/football/dundee-united/ola-adeyemo-latest-player-to-leave-dundee-united1.916805|title=Ola Adeyemo latest player to leave Dundee United|date=21 December 2015|work=The Courier|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref> Adeyemo bịanyere aka na klọb English Premier League Watford na 30 Machị 2016 ruo 2017 mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwale gara nke ọma na ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na otu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/160330-watford-fc-under-21-ola-adeyemo-signs-3033669.aspx?|title=UNDER-21: Adeyemo Signs For Hornets|date=30 March 2016|work=watfordfc.com|accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref> Watford tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2016-17 ma na July 2017 bịanye aka na Norwegian 3. Valdres FK n'akụkụ nkewa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/15336349.Two_departures_as_Watford_announce_retained_list/|title=Two departures as Watford announce retained list|date=8 June 2017|work=Watford Observer|accessdate=20 July 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.valdresfk.no/nyheter/2017/7/ola-adeyemo-er-klar-for-valdres-fk.aspx|title=Ola Adeyemo er klar for Valdres FK|author=Walker|first=Ron|date=31 July 2017|work=Valdres FK|accessdate=2 August 2017|language=no}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye hapụrụ Valdres mgbe oge 2017 gasịrị, Adeyemo nwere ikpe na klọb Scottish Championship Falkirk na Nọvemba 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oa.no/valdres-fk/sport/fotball/ulven-starter-sitt-nye-byggeprosjekt/s/5-35-547972|title=Ulven starter sitt nye byggeprosjekt|date=6 January 2018|work=OA|accessdate=7 January 2019|language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/sport/football/falkirk-fc/falkirk-trial-former-sheffield-wednesday-youth-striker-1-4818945|title=Falkirk trial former Sheffield Wednesday youth striker|author=Oliver|first=David|work=Falkirk Herald|accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> Ọ bịanyere aka na Walton Casuals nke na-abụghị otu egwuregwu na Jenụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.waltoncasuals.co.uk/seniors/stags-sign-ola-adeyemo/|title=Stags Sign Former Premier League Player|date=20 January 2019|accessdate=26 November 2019|publisher=Walton Casuals F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waltoncasuals.co.uk/2018-19-statistics/|title=2018/19 Statistics|work=Walton Casuals FC|language=en-GB|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref> Adeyemo gafere na Isthmian League Premier Division club Lewes na Febụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/lewes/appearances/2018-2019/olajuwon-adeyemo/686010|title=Lewes {{!}} Appearances {{!}} Olajuwon Adeyemo {{!}} 2018–2019 {{!}} Football Web Pages|work=www.footballwebpages.co.uk|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/lewes/appearances/olajuwon-adeyemo/686010|title=Lewes {{!}} Appearances {{!}} Olajuwon Adeyemo {{!}} Football Web Pages|work=www.footballwebpages.co.uk|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2020, a mara ọkwa na Adeyemo alaghachila Ireland, na-etinye aka na Wexford nke League of Ireland First Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wexfordfc.ie/latest-news/961-ola-adeyemo-signs-for-wexford-fc|title=Ola Adeyemo signs for Wexford FC|accessdate=30 July 2020|archivedate=14 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814052154/https://wexfordfc.ie/latest-news/961-ola-adeyemo-signs-for-wexford-fc}}</ref> Adeyemo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ maka otu akụkụ Cove Rangers Scotland na 9 Septemba 2021.[1] A hapụrụ ya ka ọ pụọ na njedebe nke oge 2021-22 wee bịanye aka na Peterhead. Ọ gbara otu goolu n'ime egwuregwu anọ ọ gbara tupu ahapụ ya na Disemba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peterheadfc.org/2022/12/02/kelty-hearts-v-peterhead-match-preview/|title=Kelty Hearts v Peterhead match preview}}</ref> A mara ọkwa Adeyemo dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ Newry City AFC na Jenụwarị 2023. O mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya ya, na-abịa na enweghị akara n'ụlọ Larne. Na 23 Julaị 2023, a mara ọkwa na Adeyemo abanyela na Njikọ Njikọ nke Ireland First Division Longford Town, ebe ọ ga-eso nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Jordan gwuo egwu na nke mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ltfc.ie/2023/07/ola-adeyemo-signs/|title=Ola Adeyemo Signs!}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, na-apụta n'elu oche na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ na St Patrick's Athletic na agba nke mbụ nke 2023 FAI Cup. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2023/0723/1396062-st-pats-overcome-nine-man-longford/|title=St Pat's overcome nine-man Longford|date=23 July 2023|author=Buttner|first=Paul|work=[[RTÉ.ie]]}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ Adeyemo na ngwụcha oge ahụ. === Mba Nile === Adeyemo, onye ruru eru ịnọchite anya England ma ọ bụ Republic of Ireland, natara oku na ogige ọzụzụ ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na atọ na Naijiria na Jenụwarị 2015.<ref name="Wilson">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30794079|title=Dundee United: Mark Wilson to leave club by mutual consent|date=13 January 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 January 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30794079 "Dundee United: Mark Wilson to leave club by mutual consent"]. </cite></ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ola Adeyemona Soccerbase * Ola Adeyemon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0wbmyd0w83hukw6lrqpfxzx7mspicaw 655996 655995 2026-06-17T08:37:34Z Johnnybam 24488 655996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olajuwon Bamidele Adeyemo''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Ola Adeyemo.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 13 Febụwarị 1995) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere. A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/cove-rangers/3487874/ola-adeyemo-keen-to-grasp-chance-given-to-him-by-cove-rangers/|title=Ola Adeyemo keen to grasp chance given to him by Cove Rangers|date=24 September 2021}}</ref> Adeyemo kwagara [[London]], England dị ka nwa ọhụrụ wee gaa Dublin, Ireland mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ. <ref name="Wilson">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30794079|title=Dundee United: Mark Wilson to leave club by mutual consent|date=13 January 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref> O mechara soro Stella Maris na St Patrick's Athletic gbaa bọọlụ ndị ntorobịa, ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke mmemme mmepe ndị ntorobịa nke Football Association of Ireland. <ref name="Wilson" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extratime.ie/player/11115184/ola_adeyemo/|title=Ola Adeyemo|work=extratime.ie|accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịgba egwu == === Klọb === Adeyemo sonyeere UCD site na St Patrick's Athletic, ebe ọ gara n'ihu mee ka ọ pụta ìhè mbụ ya. Ọ sonyeere klọb Premiership Scottish Dundee United na June 2014 ka ya na Leyton Orient nwechara ikpe.[1] Mgbe ọ mechara mpụta mbụ ya maka Dundee United dị ka onye nnọchi na egwuregwu Premiership na Kilmarnock na 3 October 2014, [2] Adeyemo bịanyere aka na mgbakwunye nkwekọrịta na Disemba 2014 iji debe ya na klọb ahụ ọnwa iri na asatọ ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/sport/other-sport/killie-up-to-third-1.610345|title=Killie up to third|date=4 October 2014|work=Evening Telegraph|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Fife">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31104597|title=Dundee United's Ola Adeyemo moves on loan to East Fife|date=2 February 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2015, ọ sonyeere East Fife na Scottish League Two na mgbazinye mmepe maka oge fọdụrụ na 2014-15. <ref name="Fife" /> Adeyemo hapụrụ Dundee United na Disemba 2015 mgbe a kagburu nkwekọrịta ya site na nkwekọrịta abụọ, ebe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro abụọ na-anọchi anya ndị otu mbụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/sport/football/dundee-united/ola-adeyemo-latest-player-to-leave-dundee-united1.916805|title=Ola Adeyemo latest player to leave Dundee United|date=21 December 2015|work=The Courier|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref> Adeyemo bịanyere aka na klọb English Premier League Watford na 30 Machị 2016 ruo 2017 mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwale gara nke ọma na ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na otu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/160330-watford-fc-under-21-ola-adeyemo-signs-3033669.aspx?|title=UNDER-21: Adeyemo Signs For Hornets|date=30 March 2016|work=watfordfc.com|accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref> Watford tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2016-17 ma na July 2017 bịanye aka na Norwegian 3. Valdres FK n'akụkụ nkewa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/15336349.Two_departures_as_Watford_announce_retained_list/|title=Two departures as Watford announce retained list|date=8 June 2017|work=Watford Observer|accessdate=20 July 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.valdresfk.no/nyheter/2017/7/ola-adeyemo-er-klar-for-valdres-fk.aspx|title=Ola Adeyemo er klar for Valdres FK|author=Walker|first=Ron|date=31 July 2017|work=Valdres FK|accessdate=2 August 2017|language=no}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye hapụrụ Valdres mgbe oge 2017 gasịrị, Adeyemo nwere ikpe na klọb Scottish Championship Falkirk na Nọvemba 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oa.no/valdres-fk/sport/fotball/ulven-starter-sitt-nye-byggeprosjekt/s/5-35-547972|title=Ulven starter sitt nye byggeprosjekt|date=6 January 2018|work=OA|accessdate=7 January 2019|language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/sport/football/falkirk-fc/falkirk-trial-former-sheffield-wednesday-youth-striker-1-4818945|title=Falkirk trial former Sheffield Wednesday youth striker|author=Oliver|first=David|work=Falkirk Herald|accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> Ọ bịanyere aka na Walton Casuals nke na-abụghị otu egwuregwu na Jenụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.waltoncasuals.co.uk/seniors/stags-sign-ola-adeyemo/|title=Stags Sign Former Premier League Player|date=20 January 2019|accessdate=26 November 2019|publisher=Walton Casuals F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waltoncasuals.co.uk/2018-19-statistics/|title=2018/19 Statistics|work=Walton Casuals FC|language=en-GB|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref> Adeyemo gafere na Isthmian League Premier Division club Lewes na Febụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/lewes/appearances/2018-2019/olajuwon-adeyemo/686010|title=Lewes {{!}} Appearances {{!}} Olajuwon Adeyemo {{!}} 2018–2019 {{!}} Football Web Pages|work=www.footballwebpages.co.uk|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/lewes/appearances/olajuwon-adeyemo/686010|title=Lewes {{!}} Appearances {{!}} Olajuwon Adeyemo {{!}} Football Web Pages|work=www.footballwebpages.co.uk|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2020, a mara ọkwa na Adeyemo alaghachila Ireland, na-etinye aka na Wexford nke League of Ireland First Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wexfordfc.ie/latest-news/961-ola-adeyemo-signs-for-wexford-fc|title=Ola Adeyemo signs for Wexford FC|accessdate=30 July 2020|archivedate=14 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814052154/https://wexfordfc.ie/latest-news/961-ola-adeyemo-signs-for-wexford-fc}}</ref> Adeyemo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ maka otu akụkụ Cove Rangers Scotland na 9 Septemba 2021.[1] A hapụrụ ya ka ọ pụọ na njedebe nke oge 2021-22 wee bịanye aka na Peterhead. Ọ gbara otu goolu n'ime egwuregwu anọ ọ gbara tupu ahapụ ya na Disemba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peterheadfc.org/2022/12/02/kelty-hearts-v-peterhead-match-preview/|title=Kelty Hearts v Peterhead match preview}}</ref> A mara ọkwa Adeyemo dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ Newry City AFC na Jenụwarị 2023. O mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya ya, na-abịa na enweghị akara n'ụlọ Larne. Na 23 Julaị 2023, a mara ọkwa na Adeyemo abanyela na Njikọ Njikọ nke Ireland First Division Longford Town, ebe ọ ga-eso nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Jordan gwuo egwu na nke mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ltfc.ie/2023/07/ola-adeyemo-signs/|title=Ola Adeyemo Signs!}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, na-apụta n'elu oche na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ na St Patrick's Athletic na agba nke mbụ nke 2023 FAI Cup. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2023/0723/1396062-st-pats-overcome-nine-man-longford/|title=St Pat's overcome nine-man Longford|date=23 July 2023|author=Buttner|first=Paul|work=[[RTÉ.ie]]}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ Adeyemo na ngwụcha oge ahụ. === Mba Nile === Adeyemo, onye ruru eru ịnọchite anya England ma ọ bụ Republic of Ireland, natara oku na ogige ọzụzụ ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na atọ na Naijiria na Jenụwarị 2015.<ref name="Wilson">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30794079|title=Dundee United: Mark Wilson to leave club by mutual consent|date=13 January 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 January 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30794079 "Dundee United: Mark Wilson to leave club by mutual consent"]. </cite></ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ola Adeyemona Soccerbase * Ola Adeyemon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2zw690xrkcyqadj235w020rrw17a789 0 75249 655997 632133 2026-06-17T08:38:05Z Johnnybam 24488 655997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwapelumi Emmanuel Adeyemo''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Oluwapelumi Emmanuel Adeyemo.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 21 Mee 2002) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti maka klọb Vizela na Primeira Liga . == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Onye egwuregwu ntorobịa sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ Naijiria Triple 44, Adeyemo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb Portuguese Vizela na 22 Jenụwarị 2021.N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara na mbinye ego nye Pedras Salgadas maka oge fọdụrụnụ nke 2020–21.Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya maka Vizela na 2–1 Taça da Liga meriri Estrela na 24 Julaị 2021. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022, a kpọrọ Adeyemo ka ọ gaa Nigeria U23s maka egwuregwu nke U-23 Africa Cup of Nations nke afọ 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eaglestrackerng.com/blogs/transfer-news/18-players-make-dream-team-squad-for-tanzania|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112020124/https://eaglestrackerng.com/blogs/transfer-news/18-players-make-dream-team-squad-for-tanzania|archivedate=November 12, 2022|title=18 players make Nigeria Dream Team ahead of Tanzania|date=October 20, 2022|work=EaglesTracker}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Emmanuel Adeyemon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Emmanuel Adeyemona ForaDeJogo (echekwara) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d3va9oopmhwgibr62qt99grvozwwwpl 0 75252 655998 638927 2026-06-17T08:43:23Z Johnnybam 24488 /* Ọrụ klọb */ 655998 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ibrahim Adewale''' (amụrụ na 20 Septemba 2006), nke a na-akpọ '''Selica''', bụ [[Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ onye na-agba n'aka nri maka Mjällby AIF na Allsvenskan, ọkwa kachasị elu nke bọọlụ Sweden. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=2025-11-08|title=Tripple 44's Ibrahim Adewale completes fairytale move to Swedish champions Mjällby AIF|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tripple-44s-ibrahim-adewale-completes-fairytale-move-to-swedish-champions-mjallby-aif/|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Areo|first=Samuel|date=2025-10-26|title=Ibrahim Adewale joins Swedish champions Mjällby|url=https://www.aclsports.com/ibrahim-adewale-joins-swedish-champions-mjallby/|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Areo|first=Samuel|date=2025-03-14|title=Tripple 44 Academy duo join IF Karlstad on loan|url=https://www.aclsports.com/tripple-44-academy-duo-join-if-karlstad-on-loan/|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=read|first=Foot Africa·1 min|date=2025-09-13|title=Sweden: Ibrahim Adewale on target for IF Karlstad|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/sweden-ibrahim-adewale-target-karlstad-183000548.html|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=Yahoo Sports|language=en-US|archivedate=2026-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518132604/https://sports.yahoo.com/article/sweden-ibrahim-adewale-target-karlstad-183000548.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Fasetire|first=Sam O'Femi|date=2025-11-28|title=Tripple 44 Academy Of Ibadan Celebrate Ibrahim Adewale's Breakthrough In Sweden|url=https://www.sports247.ng/tripple-44-academy-of-ibadan-celebrate-ibrahim-adewales-breakthrough-in-sweden/|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=Sports247 Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Na mbụ onye ntorobịa na Tripple 44 Football Academy na Nigeria, Adewale kwagara na mbinye ego na IF Karlstad Fotboll na Machị 2025, na-asọ mpi na Ettan Norra, ọkwa nke atọ nke bọọlụ Sweden. N'ime oge mbụ ya, o dekọtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ 15 na enyemaka isii na egwuregwu 29 tupu Mjällby AIF, ndị mmeri 2025 Allsvenskan, nwetara ya na nkwekọrịta ruo 2030. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Adewale ma zụlite ya na [[Abuja]], isi obodo Naịjirịa. Ya na nne na nna ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị atọ tolitere. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, a chọtara ya ma kpọga ya na Tripple 44 Football Academy na [[Ibadan]], Oyo State, ihe dị ka kilomita 500 site n'obodo ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-08|title=Sista matchen för kulturbärarna|url=https://www.karlstadfotboll.com/08/11/2025/sista-matchen-for-kulturbararnakom-och-hylla-kf-profilerna/|accessdate=2026-03-28|work=IF Karlstad Fotboll}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Tripple 44 Football Academy === N'oge ntorobịa ya, Adewale na-egwuri egwu maka Tripple 44 Football Academy ihe dị ka afọ asaa, site na afọ 11 ruo 18. Ụlọ akwụkwọ mmuta, nke Samuel Okuku tọrọ ntọala na 2014, dị na Ibadan ma na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ndị ntorobịa Naijiria maka ọrụ ọkachamara na Europe n'akụkụ ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ.Ejikọtala ya na Nigeria Football Federation site na Oyo State Football Association kemgbe 2017, ma mepụta ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu kwagara na klọb Europe. N'afọ 2023-24, Adewale jere ozi dị ka onyeisi na Tripple 44 ma nye aka na ngụkọta 20 na enyemaka. Ụdị ya dugara n'ule ikpe na Malmö FF, IF Elfsborg na IFK Norrköping, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dugara na nkwekọrịta.<ref name="nation">{{Cite news|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=2025-11-08|title=Tripple 44's Ibrahim Adewale completes fairytale move to Swedish champions Mjällby AIF|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tripple-44s-ibrahim-adewale-completes-fairytale-move-to-swedish-champions-mjallby-aif/|accessdate=2026-03-10|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFReporter2025">Reporter, Our (2025-11-08). [https://thenationonlineng.net/tripple-44s-ibrahim-adewale-completes-fairytale-move-to-swedish-champions-mjallby-aif/ "Tripple 44's Ibrahim Adewale completes fairytale move to Swedish champions Mjällby AIF"]. ''[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> ==== IF Karlstad Fotboll (loan) ==== Na Maachị 2025, Adewale na onye otu ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ya Ajibola Owoyemi gbanyere ego na IF Karlstad Fotboll na Ettan Norra maka oge fọdụrụnụ, yana nhọrọ maka Karlstad ịbanye Adewale kpamkpam ma ọ bụrụ na ọ kwagara Superettan. N'oge izizi ya n'egwuregwu ndị ọkachamara, Adewale dere goolu iri abụọ na otu ma nyere aka n'ozuzu ya n'asọmpi niile, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Revealed: Mjallby new boy Adewale snubbed interest from clubs in Austria, Finland, Denmark, Norway|url=https://allnigeriasoccer.com/revealed-mjallby-new-boy-adewale-snubbed-interest-from-clubs-in-austria-finland-denmark-norway|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=allnigeriasoccer.com}}</ref> na-emecha dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke dribbles na Ettan Norra n'oge ahụ. <ref name="nation"/> Ọ nọrọkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke oge ahụ dị ka onye na-agbachitere aka nri kama ịbụ onye na-aga n'ihu. Egwuregwu ya dọtara mmasị sitere na klọb ndị dị na Austria, Finland, Denmark na Norway, mana ọ bụ onye mmeri Allsvenskan na-achị Mjällby AIF nwetara mbinye aka ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Revealed: Mjallby new boy Adewale snubbed interest from clubs in Austria, Finland, Denmark, Norway|url=https://allnigeriasoccer.com/revealed-mjallby-new-boy-adewale-snubbed-interest-from-clubs-in-austria-finland-denmark-norway|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=allnigeriasoccer.com}}</ref> Onye isi nchịkwa Karlstad Paul Olausson kwuru banyere onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, sị: "Anyị ahụlarị na egwuregwu mbụ ya megide Örebro SK na ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ pụrụ iche. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-eme ihe mgbe niile ma gosipụta oke ọrụ na-agbachitere onwe ya." === Mjällby AIF (2026-) === Na 2 Nọvemba 2025, Mjällby AIF na Tripple 44 Football Academy kwekọrịtara usoro nke Mjäll byụrụ Adewale kpamkpam. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta site na oge 2030 wee sonye na klọb ahụ na Jenụwarị 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-02|title=Mjällby AIF välkomnar Ibrahim Adewale till föreningen|url=https://maif.se/2025/11/02/mjallby-aif-valkomnar-ibrahim-adewale-till-foreningen/|accessdate=2026-03-28|work=Mjällby AIF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-02|title=19-åring Mjällbys första värvning efter guldet|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/blekinge/19-aring-mjallbys-forsta-varvning-efter-guldet|accessdate=2026-03-28|work=SVT Nyheter}}</ref> Onye nduzi egwuregwu nke Mjällby bụ Hasse Larsson kọwara Adewale dị ka "nnukwu talent nwere àgwà ndị dị elu na ọsọ ya, egwu ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ọrụ ya. " <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-02|title=Mjällby AIF välkomnar Ibrahim Adewale till föreningen|url=https://maif.se/2025/11/02/mjallby-aif-valkomnar-ibrahim-adewale-till-foreningen/|accessdate=2026-03-28|work=Mjällby AIF}}</ref> Dị ka ndị mmeri Allsvenskan nke afọ 2025, Mjäll by ruru eru maka asọmpi UEFA Champions League maka oge 2025-26. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-06|title=Football: Nigeria's Ibrahim Adewale to feature in Champions League after signing for Allsvenskan champions Mjallby AIF|url=https://www.sportytrader.com/en-ng/news/ibrahim-adewale-signs-for-allsvenskan-champions-mjallby/|accessdate=2026-02-27|work=www.sportytrader.com}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Njikọ ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="3" |Iko ! colspan="3" |Ngụkọta |- !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Enyemaka !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Enyemaka !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Enyemaka |- |2025 |Ọ bụrụ na Karlstad Fotboll |[[Ettan Norra]] |28 |15 |6 |1 |1 |0 |29 |15 |6 |- |2026– |Mjällby AIF |Allsvenskan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4wx97v1mdxbuvhktb4bee73mb8qje29 0 75518 655958 632805 2026-06-17T02:39:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655958 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Monique Pantel''' (11 Disemba 1932 - 7 Eprel 2021) bụ onye France na-enyocha ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na RTL, France Inter na Europe 1 . <ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvmag.lefigaro.fr/programme-tv/article/television/82993/rtl-monique-pantel-interviendra-occasionnellement-dans-les-grosses-tetes.html|title=RTL : Monique Pantel interviendra occasionnellement dans Les Grosses têtes|date=July 30, 2014|work=tvmag.lefigaro.fr}}</ref> A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ọ hapụrụ Mont-de-Marsan ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anabata ndị ọbịa na ụlọ oriri na nkwari akụ na England, mgbe ahụ na Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monique Pantel, une Landaise à ParisCet accent qui fait rire Paris|url=https://www.sudouest.fr/2014/07/30/monique-pantel-une-landaise-a-pariscet-accent-qui-fait-rire-paris-1628604-2485.php|accessdate=2021-04-18|work=SudOuest.fr|language=fr-FR}}</ref> N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere onye na-ede egwuregwu Jacques Audiberti, maka nkwekọrịta odeakwụkwọ, wee bụrụ onye ibe ya n'ime afọ atọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1999-07-19|title=" Panpan " fait toujours son cinéma|work=Sud-Ouest}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Magné|first=Régine|date=1994-09-29|title=De l'hôtel Richelieu au Paris littéraire|work=Sud-Ouest}}</ref> Ọ kpọbatara ya na Akwụkwọ akụkọ Paris-Presse na July 1964, ọ na-edekwa maka ngalaba ntụrụndụ nke France-Soir mgbe njikọta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ ahụ.<ref name=":0" /> N'ebe ahụ, onye nta akụkọ na-enweghị omume ọma, na-emekarị ihe na-adịghị mma, na-ewere aha njirimara nke "Panpan". <ref>{{Cite news|date=1999-05-25|title=Monique Pantel : Depardieu, mon chouchou|work=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ọ gbara ọtụtụ ndị America na-eme ihe nkiri ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe ha bịara France: Arnold Schwarzenegger, Richard Gere, Shirley MacLaine, wdg. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pantel|first=Monique|date=2016-04-17|title=Meeting the other Monique Pantel|url=http://www.pantelphoto.com/blog/2016/4/17/meeting-the-other-monique-pantel|accessdate=2021-04-18|work=Pantel Photo|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418124230/http://www.pantelphoto.com/blog/2016/4/17/meeting-the-other-monique-pantel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=L'album photos de Monique Pantel|url=http://monique.pantel.free.fr/Photos.php|accessdate=2021-04-18|work=monique.pantel.free.fr}}</ref> Mgbe akwụkwọ mbụ ya na 1994, a ọkachamara ya ka ọ na mmemme redio Laurent Ruquier, onye nwere ekele maka ikwu okwu ihu na ihu ọchị ya, ma nye ya oku nke Ememme Deauville, na 1997., <ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-10-28|title=Comme au cinéma l'émission|url=https://www.ina.fr/video/2426173001015|work=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel]]}}</ref> ebe ọ na-enye echiche ya banyere ihe nkiri ndị e wepụtara n'izu ahụ, ruo 2014. N'afọ 1999, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta na akụkọ banyere ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri, Panpan fait son cinoche . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Caballero|first=Óscar|date=1999-09-08|title=Dama y "enfant terrible"|work=[[La Vanguardia]]}}</ref>Mgbe Laurent Ruquier iche iche ihe ngosi Les Grosses Têtes na RTL na September 2014, a na-akpọ Monique Pantel mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka onye ọbịa iji nye echiche ya na ekwentị na otu ihe nkiri <ref>{{Cite web|author=Geffray|first=Emilie|date=2014-07-30|title=RTL : Monique Pantel interviendra occasionnellement dans Les Grosses têtes|url=https://tvmag.lefigaro.fr/programme-tv/article/television/82993/rtl-monique-pantel-interviendra-occasionnellement-dans-les-grosses-tetes.html}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 7 Eprel 2021 na Paris, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Avis de décès de Madame Monique PANTEL (07 avril 2021) à Paris|url=https://www.avis-de-deces.net/avis-de-deces/ile-de-france/75-paris/75014-paris/pantel-monique-2021-04-07-gQy29gPIs5uXRpaopLpg0/}}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lefilmfrancais.com/cinema/151338/disparition-de-la-journaliste-et-critique-de-cinema-monique-pantel|title=Disparition de la journaliste et critique de cinéma Monique Pantel|work=Le Film Français}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lefilmfrancais.com/cinema/151338/disparition-de-la-journaliste-et-critique-de-cinema-monique-pantel "Disparition de la journaliste et critique de cinéma Monique Pantel"]. ''Le Film Français''.</cite></ref> mgbe ọ dị afọ 88, a na-akwụ ya ụtụ na netwọk mmekọrịta, ọkachasị Laurent Ruquier <ref>{{Cite web|author=Biondi-Maugey|first=Renaud|date=2021-04-15|title=Mort de Monique Pantel, critique de cinéma originaire de Mont-de-Marsan|url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/medias-people/mort-de-monique-pantal-critique-de-cinema-originaire-de-mont-de-marsan-1618493418|work=[[France Bleu]]}}</ref> na onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Cannes Film Festival Gilles Jacob. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-14|title=Gilles Jacob, former president of the Cannes Film Festival, announces the death of Monique Pantel|url=https://twitter.com/jajacobbi/status/1382429903535140868|work=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * 1994: La Chemise de nuit, mbipụta Anne Carrière (nke e bipụtara ọzọ na 2007) * 1996: Des kissers pour l'hiver, mbipụta Anne Carrière * 1999: Panpan fait son cinéma, mbipụta Anne Carrière == Ihe nkiri == * 1981: L'Amour trop fort nke Daniel Duval dere * 1990: ''Tatie Danielle'' nke Étienne Chatiliez == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] k3nq17d9c1647tgp3k6cblx8n8qoa3j 0 75525 655911 639067 2026-06-16T14:33:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655911 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet''', A mụrụ ya na 30 Juun 1930 na De Foucauld (French Algeria, nke bụzi Rechaiga, Algeria, ma nwụọ na 24 Eprel 2023 na Digne-les-Bains, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke onye nyocha Alexandra David-Néel site na 1959 ruo 1969. Aha ya bụ "Tortue" (Tortue) site n'aka onye nke ikpeazụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ya ruo afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. O dere akụkọ ndụ nke afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ Alexandra David-Néel. O dezikwara ihe odide Alexandra, gụnyere ozi sara mbara ya na di ya site na 1904 ruo 1940 (na mpịakọta abụọ). == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọ jụrụ '''Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet''' na 30 June 1930 na De Foucauld ([[Algeria]]" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="French Algeria">French Algeria, ugbu a Rechaiga, Algeria<ref name="Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet" /><ref name="francetvinfo_2761958" />. Ọ tolitere na Rechaïga, Algeria, ebe ezinụlọ ya biri kemgbe ọgbọ anọ.<ref name="Jean Chalon" /> Nna ya, onye bụbu onye agha, bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị. A zụlitere Marie-Madeleine n'ezinụlọ ndị Katọlik siri ike, mana ọ na-arọ nrọ naanị ịgagharị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na itoolu, mgbe ọ nọsịrị ntorobịa ya niile na Algérois, Marie-Madeleine bịara soro nwanne ya nwanyị, onye nwere họtel, nọrọ na Aix-en-Provence.<ref name="Jean Chalon">{{Cite book|author=Chalon|first=Jean|title=Le lumineux destin d'Alexandra David-Néel|publisher=Librairie académique Perrin, Paris|series=|year=1985|isbn=9782262088750|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-7vDwAAQBAJ|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChalon1985">Chalon, Jean (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_-7vDwAAQBAJ ''Le lumineux destin d'Alexandra David-Néel''] (in French). Librairie académique Perrin, Paris. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9782262088750|<bdi>9782262088750</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]] , p.452.</ref> Ọ bụ n'oge ọnụnọ a ka o zutere Alexandra David-Néel n'amaghị ama, onye nọ n'Aix ma na-achọ odeakwụkwọ. A malitere were Marie-Madeleine n'ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nkeonwe ruo ọnwa atọ, mana ọ nọgidere na-ejere onye nchọpụta ahụ ozi ruo afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya na Digne-les-Bains <ref name="Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet"/> Ebe ọ ketara ikike ibi na Samten Dzong (n'asụsụ Tibetan: "Ebe Nkwado nke Ntụgharị uche"), ụlọ Alexandra David-Néel, o nyere aka na mbipụta nke ọrụ onye nchọpụta ahụ dere na Digne-les-Bains (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 8 Septemba 1969 <ref>{{Cite web|title="Samten Dzong", maison d'Alexandra David-Néel à Digne-les-Bains|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture.gouv.fr%2FRegions%2FDrac-Provence-Alpes-Cote-d-Azur%2FPolitique-et-actions-culturelles%2FLe-label-Maison-des-illustres%2FSamten-Dzong-maison-d-Alexandra-David-Neel-a-Digne-les-Bains#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 1977, o guzobere Alexandra David-Néel Association . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexandra David Néel ( Official Website)|url=http://www.alexandra-david-neel.com|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}}.</ref> Nke a bụ òtù na-abụghị maka uru n'okpuru iwu France, nke mepụtara ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie site n'ime ka nchịkọta ya baa ọgaranya.<ref name="Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet"/> N'ịbụ onye obodo Digne-les-Bains were n'ọrụ, Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet lekọtara ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ ruo 1995, na-ahazi nnabata kwa ụbọchị nke ndị njem nleta na ndị isi France na ndị mba ọzọ na ndị nsụgharị ha, gụnyere ndị ọbịa Tibet dị ka Dalai Lama nke iri na anọ na 1982 na 1986, <ref>{{Cite web|title=La maison Alexandra David-Neel à Digne-les-Bains|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livre.alpes-haute-provence.fr%2Falexandra-david-neel-digne-les-bains%2F#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}}.</ref> ndị otu ndị Tibet, ndị na-eti egwu, ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe (ndị na-ese osisi) na ndị mọnk bịara ime sanddala nke a na-egosi na ebe ngosi ihe n'oge ahụ<ref name="Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet">{{Cite web|title=Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Falexandra-david-neel.com%2F100Accueil9MMP.60.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url|accessdate=30 March 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Falexandra-david-neel.com%2F100Accueil9MMP.60.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url "Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Marion Dapsance|title=La Forteresse de la méditation. Ethnographie de la Fondation Alexandra David-Neel.|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/display2.php/attachment.pdf?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture.gouv.fr%2FMedia%2FThematiques%2FConnaissance-des-patrimoines%2FFiles%2FAllocations-de-formation-et-de-recherche%2FArchives-des-Allocations-Formation-recherche-du-Patrimoine-ethnologique%2FAllocataires-2014%2FLa-Forteresse-de-la-meditation-une-maison-des-illustres_-DAPSANCE-Marion|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}}.</ref> Marie-Madeleine chịkọtara ma bipụta Lettres à son mari (Akwụkwọ ozi nye di ya) na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ Alexandra David- dere mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. N'afọ 1973, o bipụtara akụkọ ndụ, Dix ans avec Alexandra David-Néel, na-ebufe ikike nwebisiinka na njikọ ahụ. <ref name="Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet"/> Akwụkwọ ahụ, nke e dere n'ime izu atọ, bụ nke Plon bipụtara ma merie Prix des Journalistes (The Journalists' Prize) ma depụta ya maka Prix Vérité. E bipụtara mbipụta ọhụrụ na 2005, na ederede ise ọzọ agbakwunyere na 2003 mgbe Nymphenburger Verlag bipụtara nsụgharị German. [de]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgrandbiv.cluster006.ovh.net%2Fjoomla15%2Ffestival-2011%2Finvites-2011%2Fmarie-madeleine-peyronnet#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}}.</ref> [[Joëlle Désiré-Marchand]] dere ma bipụta akụkọ ndụ Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet na 2018, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Désiré-Marchand|language=fr|first=Joëlle|year=2009|title=Alexandra David-Néel, Vie et voyages: Itinéraires géographiques et spirituels|publisher=Arthaud|isbn=9782081273870}}</ref> onye bipụtarala akụkọ ndụ Alexandra David-Néel na 2009.[10] Ọ nwụrụ na 24 Eprel 2023 na Digne-les-Bains . <ref name="Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet"/> <ref name="francetvinfo_2761958">{{Cite web|title=Décès de Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet, secrétaire particulière d'Alexandra David-Néel, à Digne-les-Bains (Death of Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet, Alexandra David-Néel's private secretary).|url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/alpes-de-haute-provence/digne-les-bains/le-deces-de-marie-madeleine-peyronnet-secretaire-particuliere-d-alexandra-david-neel-a-digne-les-bains-2761958.html|accessdate=23 April 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/alpes-de-haute-provence/digne-les-bains/le-deces-de-marie-madeleine-peyronnet-secretaire-particuliere-d-alexandra-david-neel-a-digne-les-bains-2761958.html "Décès de Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet, secrétaire particulière d'Alexandra David-Néel, à Digne-les-Bains (Death of Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet, Alexandra David-Néel's private secretary)"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == A na-akpọ ya "Tortue" == [[Faịlụ:Carte-de-visite-Marie-Madeleine-Peyronnet.jpg|alt=Carte de visite signée de Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet.|thumb|230x230px|Kaadị nleta nke nwere Tortoise, nke Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet bịanyere aka.]] Alexandra David-Néel nyere Marie-Madeleine aha njirimara ''"''"Turtle"''" (Tortoise) '' mgbe ihe omume nkịtị gasịrị. Ka ọ na-aga na steepụ, ọ hụrụ ihe a tụgharịrị n'ime bọl n'ụkwụ ya, nke o chere na ọ bụ mbe. Mgbe ha kpọsịrị Marie-Madeleine ka ọ gwa ya ka ọ wepụ ya ma lekọta ya, ha chọpụtara ọnụ, na-achị ọchị, ọdịdị nke ihe ahụ. Site n'ụbọchị ahụ gaa n'ihu, Alexandra kpọrọ ya "Tortue", nke mbụ n'ihi ntụrụndụ, mgbe ahụ n'ihi omume.<ref name="Jean Chalon"/> == Onyinye == [[Faịlụ:Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres_Chevalier_ribbon.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|110x110px]] Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Chevalier (Knight), (1996).{{Clear}} == Ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Dédicace-Marie-Madeleine-Peyronnet.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Nraranye. , mbinye aka na stampụ nke Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet]] === Akụkọ ndụ === * , (A na-ebipụta ya na dijitalụ).{{Cite book|language=fr|title=Dix ans avec Alexandra David-Néel|editor=[[Plon (publisher)|Plon]]|year=1973|pages=256|publisher=(Plon) réédition numérique FeniXX|isbn=9782259288828|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQHqDwAAQBAJ|accessdate=23 April 2024}} === Ihe na-atọ ọchị === Anne-Marie Peyronnet sonyere n'ide edemede ahụ. * , e bipụtara abọm atọ ikpeazụ na 2017, 2018 na 2020. E nwere mbipụta dijitalụ.{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Campoy|first=Frédéric ([[cartoonist]])|title=Une vie avec Alexandra David-Néel, 4 albums, pp. 96, 96, 80, 96|year=2016|editor=[[Bamboo Édition]]|isbn=}} === Ọrụ A. David-Néel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị nke Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet dezigharịrị === N'agbata afọ 1970 na afọ 2018, e bipụtara ọrụ iri abụọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'okpuru ọrụ nke M-M. Peyronnet Ndị a bụ naanị ole na ole n'ime ha: <ref>See the full list on the official Maison d'Alexandra David-Néel website: {{Cite web|language=fr|title=A. David-Néel : Biographie|url=https://www.alexandra-david-neel.fr/bibliographie/|accessdate=23 April 2024|archivedate=23 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423015858/https://www.alexandra-david-neel.fr/bibliographie/}}</ref> * {{Cite book|language=fr|author=Alexandra David-Néel|title=Journal de voyage : Lettres à son mari, 1904-1917. Vol. 1|editor=[[Plon (publisher)|Plon]]|year=1975|pages=445|isbn=9782259002806|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wx1OzQEACAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2024}} * {{Cite book|language=fr|author=Alexandra David-Néel|title=Journal de voyage : Lettres à son mari, 1918-1940. Vol. 2|editor=Plon|year=1976|pages=359|isbn=2259015247}} * (Akwụkwọ a na-achịkọta aha ise e bipụtarala n'oge ndụ Alex. David-Néel, gụnyere: Au pays des brigands gentilshommes, Voyage d'une Parisienne à Lhassa, Sous des nuées d'orage, À l'ouest barbare de la grande Chine, Le vieux Tibet face à la Chine nouvelle. A họọrọ akwụkwọ agbakwunyere na set).{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Alexandra David-Néel|title=Grand Tibet et vaste Chine, récits et aventures|editor=Plon|year=1994|pages=|isbn=}} <br /> * Nke a bụ nhọrọ nke ederede ndị M-M chịkọtara ma gosipụta. Peyronnet na onye nta akụkọ / onye nchịkọta akụkọ French Marc de Smedt.{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Alexandra David-Néel|title=Voyages et aventures de l'esprit|editor=[[Albin Michel]]|year=1994|pages=|isbn=}} * , jikọtara akwụkwọ abụọ e bipụtara iche na 1951 na 1958.{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Alexandra David-Néel|title=Ashtavakra Gita & Avadhuta Gita|editor=[[Éditions du Rocher]]|year=1979|pages=149|isbn=2-268-016-90-0}} === Okwu mbido === * , okwu mmalite nke [[André Velter]] na Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet.{{Cite book|language=fr|author=[[Priscilla Telmon]]|title=Himalayas, sur les pas d'Alexandra David-Néel|editor=[[Actes Sud]]|year=2010|pages=210|publisher=Actes Sud|isbn=978-2742793419}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * , akụkụ e hotara: peeji nke 452.{{Cite book|author=[[Jean Chalon|Chalon Jean]]|title=Le lumineux destin d'Alexandra David-Néel|publisher=Librairie académique Perrin, Paris|series=|year=1986|pages=557|isbn=2-266-14357-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-7vDwAAQBAJ|language=fr|accessdate=23 April 2024}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Rose des sables et lion des neiges, La vie singulière de Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet, odeakwụkwọ Alexandra David-Néel (n'asụsụ French). Paris: Nights uhie. peeji nke 240. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2913112629</nowiki>.{{Cite book|author=[[Désiré-Marchand, Joelle]]|language=fr|title=Rose des sables et lion des neiges, La vie singulière de Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet, secrétaire d'Alexandra David-Néel|location=Paris|pages=240|date=2018|publisher=Les Nuits rouges|isbn=978-2913112629}} == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|language=fr|title=Official website of the Alexandra David-Néel Association|url=http://www.alexandra-david-neel.com/|accessdate=23 April 2024}} * {{Cite web|language=fr|title=Official Alexandra David-Néel website maintained by the Alexandra David-Néel Association|url=http://www.alexandra-david-neel.fr/|accessdate=23 April 2024|archivedate=23 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423015858/http://www.alexandra-david-neel.fr/}} * {{Cite web|language=fr|title=Je ne suis qu'un trait d'union entre elle et vous, interview with M-M.Peyronnet on 10 December 2012|url=http://stefmartin.over-blog.com/article--je-ne-suis-qu-un-trait-d-union-entre-elle-est-vous--38623795.html|accessdate=23 April 2024|archivedate=10 December 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121210052228/http://stefmartin.over-blog.com/article--je-ne-suis-qu-un-trait-d-union-entre-elle-est-vous--38623795.html}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0hd2wezro7vb4ver823wos4bjjy8ilu 0 75829 655919 654127 2026-06-16T16:53:24Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354526310|Alhambra]]" 655919 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[Faịlụ:Dawn Charles V Palace Alhambra Granada Andalusia Spain.jpg|thumb|407x407px|Alhambra]] Alhambra (/ælˈhæmbrə/, ; Arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) bụ ụlọ obí na ebe ewusiri ike dị na Granada, Spain. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mou ama ama nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alakụba na naanị ụlọ echekwara nke ọma site na ụwa Alakụba mgbe ochie.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=151}} Na mgbakwunye, obí ahụ nwere ihe atụ ama atụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Renaissance Spanish.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}</ref> Ihe owuwu nke ihe Alhambra ahụ malitere n'ime 1238 OA n'aka Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, eze Nasrid mbụ na onye guzobere Emir nke Granada, steeti ndị Alakụba ikpeazụ nke al-Andalus.<ref name=":05222">{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}</ref> E wuru ya n'elu ugwu Sabika, nke bụ ebe e wusiri ike na narị afọ nke iri na otu nke Samuel ibn Naghrillah.<ref name=":05222" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ọchịchị Nasrid nọgidere na-agbanwe saịtị ahụ. Mgbasa ozi owuwu kachasị mkpa, nke nyere obieze ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịdị ha, mere na narị afọ nke iri na anọ n'oge ọchịchị Yusuf I na Muhammad V.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=234–237}} Mgbe ngwụcha nke Christian Reconquista na 1492, ebee ahụ ghọrọ Royal Court ya Ferdinand na Isabella (ebee Christopher Columbus nwetara nkwado eze maka njem ya), a gbanwekwara obieze. N'ime 1526, Charles V nyere iwu ka a wuo obieze ọhụrụ nke Renaissance na obieze Nasrid. Alhambra dara n'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, ụlọ ya bụ ndị squatters. Ndị agha [[Napoleon]] bibiri akụkụ ya na 1812. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Alhambra ghọrọ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka ndị njem [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà]], na ndị njem Romant ndị ọzọ na [[Obodo Békè]]. Onye kachasị emetụta ha bụ Washington Irving, onye ya ''Tales of the Alhambra'' (1832) dọtara uche mba ụwa na saịtị ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=|pp=301–303}} Alhambra bụ otu n'ime ihe ncheta ndị Alakụba mbụ ghọrọ ihe ọmụmụ sayensị nke oge a ma bụrụkwa isiokwu nke ọtụtụ mweghachi kemgbe narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=238–239}} Ọ bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime [[Spain]] na [[UNESCO]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}</ref> N'oge Nasrid, Alhambra bụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke dị iche na Granada ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ntụrụndụ nke obodo ndị [[Àlakụ̀ba]] dị ka Ụlọ alakụba Friday, hammams (ebe ịsa ahụ ọha na eze), okporo ụzọ, ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ aka, ụlọ akpụkpọ anụ, na usoro mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=201–215}} Dị ka obodo eze na obodo ukwu, o nwere ọ dịkarịa ala nnukwu obieze isii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'akụkụ ugwu ebee ha nyere iwu ka a hụ mpaghara Albaicín.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} Ndị a ma ama na nị a na-echekwa nke ọma bụ Mexuar, Obí Comares, Obí ọdụm, na Obí Partal, nke bụ isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị ọbịa taa. A maara obí eze ndị ọzọ site na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'oge a.{{Sfn|López|2011}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alhambra bụ Ebe e wusiri ike nke Alcazaba. Ọtụtụ obere ụlọ elu na ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị e wusiri ike dịkwa n'akụkụ mgbidi Alhambra. N'èzí mgbidi Alhambra ma dị nso n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Generalife, ebe bụbu obodo Nasrid na obieze n'oge ọkọchị nke nwere ogige mkpụrụ osisi akụkọ ihe mere eme na ogige ntụrụndụ nke oge a.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}} Ihe owuwu nke obieze Nasrid na-egosipụta ọdịnala nke ihe owuwu Moor mepụtara na narị afọ ndị gara aga.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=}} A na-akọwa ya site n'iji ogige ahụ eme ihe dị ka oghere dị n'etiti na isi nke a haziri ụlọ nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ gburugburu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Ogige na-enwekarị ihe ndị dị na mmiri n'etiti ha, dị ka ọdọ mmiri na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ isi iyi. A na-elekwasị anya n'ime ụlọ ahụ ma jiri mosaics tebụl mee ya na mgbidi ndị dị n'okpuru na stucco a tụrụ atụ na mgbidi elu. Ihe osise geometric, ihe osise ahịhịa, na ihe odide [[Arabic]] bụ ụdị ihe ịchọ mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-eji ihe osise "stalactite"-dị ka ''muqarnas'', maka ihe atọ dị ka uko ụlọ.{{Sfn|López|2011}} [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_evening_panorama_Mirador_San_Nicolas_sRGB-1.jpg|alt=|thumb|450x450px|Panorama nke Alhambra site na Mirador de San Nicolas. Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: Generalife, ugwu Veleta, Obí Nasrid, Obí Charles V, na Alcazaba.]] [[Faịlụ:Night_view_of_Alhambra,_Granada_from_Mirador_de_San_Nicolas.jpg|thumb|450x450px|Ebe a na-ahụ Alhambra n'abalị site na Mirador de San Nicolas.]]   == Okwu mmalite == ''Alhambra'' sitere ya [[Arabic]], nke pụtara lit. 'onye na-acha ọbara ọbara' (f.), ụdị zuru ezu nke bụ الْقَلْعَة أْحَمْرَاءُ ''al-Qalʻah al-Ḥamrāʼ '' "ebe e wusiri ike (qal'a)."<ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref><ref name=":242">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor-last=Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan M.|language=en|chapter=Granada|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref> "Al-" ya "Alhambra" pụtara "nke" na Arabic, mana a na-eleghara nke a anya n'ozuzu na Bekee na Spanish, ebe a na-enyekarị aha ahụ isiokwu doro anya. Ihe a na-ezo aka na agba "red" n'aha ahụ bụ n'ihi ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara nke mgbidi ya, nke e ji ájá rammed rụọ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=234}} Agba na-acha uhie uhie sitere na [[Iron]] oxide na ụrọ a na-eji maka ụdị ihe owuwu a.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=41}} Ọtụtụ n'ime aha ndị a na-eji taa maka ihe owuwu na ebe ụfọdụ n'ime Alhambra bụ aha ndị e chepụtara echepụta mgbe Oge etiti oge gasịrị, mgbe mgbe na narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} A maghị aha Arabic mbụ nke ụlọ ndị Nasrid, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta atụwo aro njikọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ụfọdụ na ụfọdụ n'ime aha ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkọ ihe mere eme.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Mmalite na akụkọ ihe mere eme === [[Faịlụ:Aa_old_gateway_across_rio_darro_in_albaicin_in_granada.jpg|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ na Puente del Cadí (nke bụbu ''Bāb al-Difāf''), mgbidi Zirid 11 nke mere ka ndị agha nọ n'ugwu Sabika nwee ike ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ n'oge nnọchibido]] Ihe akaebe maka ọnụnọ ndị [[Rom]] edoghị anya mana ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie achọtawo ihe ndị fọdụrụ na ntọala oge ochie n'elu ugwu Sabika.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=293}} E nwere ebe e wusiri ike maọbụ obodo ukwu, nke nwere ike ịbụ site n'oge Visigothic, dị n'elu ugwu ahụ na 9.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> Ebe mbụ a kpọtụrụ ''Qal'at al-Ḥamra'' aha bụ n'oge agha dị n'etiti ndị Arab na ndị Muladies n'oge ọchịchị 'Abdallah ibn Muhammad (r. 888-912). Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị dị ndụ si kwuo n'oge ahụ, ụlọ elu ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara dị obere, mgbidi ya enweghị ike igbochi ndị agha na-ezube mmeri. Ebee mbụ a kpọtụrụ ''al-Ḥamrāʼ ''aha bụ n'ahịrị nke uri agbakwunyere na akụ a gbagburu mgbidi, nke Ibn Hayyan dere (nwụrụ 1076)   Na mbido 11, ndị Zirids, otu Sanhaja Berber na nkewa nke Zirids na-achịkwa mpaghara Granada. Mgbe Caliphate nke Córdoba dara mgbe 1009 gasịrị na Fitna (agha obodo) malitere, onye ndú Zirid Zawi ben Ziri guzobere alaeze nwere onwe ya, Taifa nke Granada.<ref name=":05222">{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}</ref> Ndị Zirids wuru obodo ukwu na obieze ha, nke a maara dị ka ''al-Qaṣaba al-Qadīma'' ("Old Citadel" ma ọ bụ "Old Palace"), n'elu ugwu nke ndị agbata obi Albaicín bi ugbu a.<ref name=":05222" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> E jikọtara ya na ebe abụọ ndị ọzọ e wusiri ike na Sabika na Mauror ugwu ndị dị n'ebe ndịda.<ref name=":052222">{{Cite book|last=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|chapter=Granada|issn=1873-9830|editor2-last=Krämer|editor2-first=Gudrun|editor3-last=Matringe|editor3-first=Denis|editor4-last=Nawas|editor4-first=John|editor5-last=Rowson|editor5-first=Everett}}</ref><ref name=":24" /> N'Osimiri Darro, n'etiti obodo Zirid na ugwu Sabika, e nwere ọnụ ụzọ a na-akpọ ''Bāb al-Difāf'' ("Ọnụ Ụzọ nke Tambourines"), nke enwere ike imechi iji jide mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá a bụ akụkụ nke mgbidi jikọtara obodo Zirid na ebe e wusiri ike na ugwu Sabika ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke ''coracha'' (site na Arabic ''qawraja''), ụdị mgbidi na-enye ndị agha si n'ebe e wusiri anya ohere ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ ma weghachite mmiri ọbụna n'oge nnọchibido. E mechara jiri ebe e wusiri ike n'ugwu Sabika, nke a makwaara dị ka ''al-Qasaba al-Jadida'' ("New Citadel"), mee ihe maka ntọala nke Alcazaba nke Alhambra ugbu a.<ref name=":24" /> N'okpuru ndị eze Zirid Habbus ibn Maksan na Badis, onye kachasị ike n'alaeze ahụ bụ onye nchịkwa [[Jew|Ndị Juu]] a maara dị ka Samuel ha-Nagid (n'Asụsụ Hibru) ma ọ bụ Isma'il ibn Nagrilla (n'Arabic).<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Catlos|first=Brian A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKBfDwAAQBAJ&dq=kingdoms+of+faith&pg=PP1|title=Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain|publisher=Basic Books|year=2018|isbn=9780465055876|location=New York|pages=216–220|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref> Samuel wuru obieze nke ya n'elu ugwu Sabika, ikekwe n'ebe obieze dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ihe fọdụrụ na ya. A kọrọ na ọ gụnyere ogige na ihe ndị dị na mmiri. === Oge Nasrid === [[Faịlụ:Detalle_de_la_pared_de_la_Sala_del_Mexuar._La_Alhambra,_Granada.«Sólo_Dios_es_vencedor».JPG|thumb|Ihe odide ndị Àlakụ̀ba na Mexuar Hall: "Ọ dịghị onye mmeri ma e wezụga Chineke", ụkpụrụ nke usoro ndị eze Nasrid ji mee ihe.{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=139}}]] Oge nke Alaeze Taifa, n'oge ndị Zirids chịrị, bịara na njedebe site na mmeri nke al-Andalus site na Ndị Almoravid si North Africa n'oge ngwụcha narị afọ nke 11. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na abụọ, ndị Almohads sochiri ha. Mgbe 1228 gasịrị, ọchịchị Almohad dara ma ndị ọchịchị na òtù ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ pụtara ọzọ gafee ókèala nke al-Andalus.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=265–267}} Site na Reconquista na-aga n'ihu, alaeze ndị Kraịst nke Castile na Aragon - n'okpuru ndị eze Ferdinand nke Atọ na James nke Mbụ, n'otu n'otu - mere nnukwu mmeri gafee al-Andalus. Castile weghaara Cordoba n'ime 1236 na Seville n'ime 1248. Ka ọ dịgodị, Ibn al-Ahmar (Muhammad I) guzobere ihe ghọrọ usoro [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Àlakụ̀ba]] ikpeazụ na nke kachasị ogologo oge na mpaghara ala Iberian, Ndị Nasrid, bụ ndị chịrị Emirate nke Granada.<ref name=":82">{{Cite book|author=Bosworth|first=Clifford Edmund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mKpz_2CkoWEC&q=new+islamic+dynasties|title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780748696482|location=|pages=|chapter=The Nasrids or Banu 'l-Ahmar|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref> Ibn al-Ahmar bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ na mpaghara ahụ ma eleghị anya o si n'ezinụlọ dị ala, mana o nwere ike inweta nkwado na nkwenye nke ọtụtụ ebe obibi ndị Àlakụ̀ba n'okpuru egwu site na ọganihu Castilian.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=266, 274–276}} Mgbe o biri na Granada na 1238, Ibn al-Ahmar biri na mbụ na obodo ochie nke Zirids na ugwu Albaicin, mana n'otu afọ ahụ ọ malitere iwu Alhambra dị ka ebe obibi ọhụrụ na obodo ọhụrụ.<ref name=":05222">{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}N'oge ọchịchị nke Nasrid Dynasty, Alhambra gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ obodo palatine, juputara na usoro ịgba mmiri nke nwere [[aquaduct]] na ọwa mmiri na-enye mmiri maka mgbagwoju anya na maka ụlọ ndị ọzọ dị nso dị ka [[Generalife]].{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Na mbụ, ebe ewusiri ike ochie ndị dị n'ugwu ahụ dabere na mmiri ozuzo nke anakọtara site n'olulu mmiri dị nso na Alcazaba na ihe a ga-esi na Osimiri Darro n'okpuru.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=García-Pulido|first=Luis José|date=2016-06-20|title=The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra|url=https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=355–382|doi=10.1093/jis/etw016|issn=0955-2340|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220227/https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last=Martín|first=Adelaida Martín|date=2019|title=A New Architectural Approach to the Alcazaba and the Torre del Homenaje|url=https://cuadernosdelaalhambra.alhambra-patronato.es/index.php/cdalhambra/issue/view/1|journal=Cuadernos de la Alhambra|volume=48|pages=175–199|access-date=11 April 2022|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228183424/http://cuadernosdelaalhambra.alhambra-patronato.es/index.php/cdalhambra/issue/view/1|url-status=live}}</ref> Okike nke ọwa mmiri Sultan (Arabic: ساقلتة السلطان, romanized: Saqiyat al-Sultan), bụ nke wetara mmiri sitere na ugwu dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, mere ka amata nke Alhambra siri dị ka obodo-obí kama ịbụ ihe nchebe na ihe owuwu. A na-agbasawanye usoro hydraulic nke mbụ na gụnye ọwa mmiri abụọ ogologo ya ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ elu dị elu iji weta mmiri na ala dị larịị.<ref name=":92">{{Cite journal|last=García-Pulido|first=Luis José|date=2016-06-20|title=The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra|url=https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=355–382|doi=10.1093/jis/etw016|issn=0955-2340|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220227/https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nanị ihe echekwara site n'oge Ibn al-Ahmar bụ ụfọdụ mgbidi mgbidi, ọkachasị Alcazaba na njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya ahụ.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} Ibn al-Ahmar enweghị oge iji wuchaa nnukwu obieze ọhụrụ ọ bụla ma ọ nwere ike ibi na mbụ n'otu n'ime ụlọ elu nke Alcazaba, tupu ọ kwaga n'ụlọ dị ala n'ebe Obieze Charles V dị ugbu a.{{Sfn|Cabanelas Rodríguez|1992|p=129}} Mgbe e mesịrị ndị ọchịchị Nasrid mgbe Ibn al-Ahmar nọgidere na-agbanwe saịtị ahụ. Tinyere ihe ndị na-emebi emebi n'onwe ha, nke chọrọ nrụzi mgbe niile, nke a na-eme ka usoro oge nke mmepe ya sie ike ikpebi.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}} [[Faịlụ:Partal_Alto_DSCF7876.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ ugbu a nke Palacio del Partal Alto, obieze nke Muhammad II wuru (r. 1273-1302) ]] Obieze kachasị ochie nke e chebere ụfọdụ ihe fọdụrụnụ bụ ihe owuwu a maara dị ka Palacio del Partal Alto, n'ebe dị elu dị nso n'etiti etiti nke ihe owuwu ahụ, nke nwere ike ịbụ site na ọchịchị nwa Ibn al-Ahmar, Muhammad nke Abụọ (r. 1273-1302).''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' N'ebe ndịda bụ obí nke Abencerrajes, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ obieze ọzọ, nke a maara dị ka obí nke Convent nke San Francisco, nke abụọ a nwere ike iwuru n'oge Muhammad II.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Muhammad III (r. 1302-1309) wuru obí obí, akụkụ ya ka guzo taa, yana nnukwu ụlọ alakụba Alhambra (n'ebe Chọọchị Santa Maria de la Alhambra dị ugbu a)''.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}'' Obí Partal bụ obieze mbụ a maara nke e wuru n'akụkụ mgbidi ugwu nke ụlọ ahụ, na-ahụ obodo ahụ n'okpuru.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Ọ bụkwa obieze Nasrid kacha ochie ka guzo taa.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=The Partal|url=https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/the-partal|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife|language=en-US|archivedate=29 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129154039/https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/the-partal}}</ref> Isma'il I (r. 1314-1325) mere mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama nke Alhambra. Ọchịchị ya gosipụtara mmalite nke oge "nke ochie" nke ụlọ Nasrid, n'oge a malitere ọtụtụ ihe ncheta dị mkpa na Alhambra ma mee ka ụdị ịchọ mma sie ike.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=261}} Isma'il kpebiri iwu obieze ọhụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alcazaba ka ọ bụrụ obieze nke sultan na steeti, nke a maara dị ka ''Qaṣr al-Sultan'' ma ọ bụ ''Dār al-Mulk''.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=261}} Isi ihe owuwu a bụ Obí Comares, ebe akụkụ ọzọ nke obí ahụ, Mexuar, gbatịrị gaa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. {{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=236–238}} Comares Baths bụ ihe kachasị echekwa site na owuwu mbụ a, ebe ndị nọchiri ya gbanwere obieze ndị ọzọ. N'akụkụ nnukwu ụlọ alakụba Isma'il I mepụtara ''Rawda'', ebe a na-eli ozu nke ndị Nasrids, nke naanị akụkụ ya ka echekwara.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Yusuf I (r. 1333-1354) rụrụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na Obí Comares, gụnyere iwu Ụlọ Nzukọ nke ndị Nnọchiteanya na ọrụ ndị ọzọ gburugburu Mexuar ugbu a. O wukwara ọnụ ụzọ ámá Alhambra, Puerta de la Justicia, na Torre de la Cautiva, otu n'ime ọtụtụ obere ụlọ elu nwere ọnụ ụlọ ndị a chọrọ mma nke ọma n'akụkụ mgbidi ugwu.''{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}'' [[Faịlụ:Court_of_the_Lions,_Alhambra_by_Juan_Laurent.jpg|thumb|Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm ya 1871. E wuru obieze a, nke a ka na-echekwa taa, n'oge ọchịchị nke abụọ nke [[Muhammad V]](1362-1391).]] Ọchịchị Muhammad V (1354-1391) gosipụtara ọganihu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịbendị nke Nasrid emirate yana ọganihu nke ụlọ Nasrid.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Karịsịa n'oge ọchịchị ya nke abụọ (mgbe 1362 gasịrị), e nwere mgbanwe ejiji gaa na nhazi ụlọ ọhụrụ na ojiji dị ukwuu nke ''muqarnas'' vaulting.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Enyemaka ya kachasị mkpa na Alhambra bụ iwu Obí Nke Odụm n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Obí Comares n'ógbè ebe ogige ndị bibu. Ọ rụgharịrị Mexuar, mepụta "Comares Façade" a chọrọ mma nke ukwuu na Patio del Cuarto Dorado, ma chọọ Ụlọikpe nke Myrtles mma, na-enye ebe ndị a ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịdị ikpeazụ ha.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=236, 265, 269, 273}}'' Mgbe Muhammad V gasịrị, obere ọrụ owuwu dị ukwuu mere na Alhambra. Otu ihe pụrụ iche bụ Torre de las Infantas, nke sitere n'oge Muhammad VII (1392-1408).''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Na narị afọ 15, usoro ndị eze Nasrid na-ada ada na ọgba aghara, na-enwe ọrụ owuwu ole na ole dị mkpa na ụdị na-emegharị ugboro ugboro, nke na-adịchaghị ọhụrụ.''{{Sfn|López|2011|p=295}}'' === ''Reconquista'' na oge Ndị Kraịst Spanish === Sultan ikpeazụ nke Nasrid, Muhammad XI nke Spain, nyefere Emirate nke Granada na Jenụwarị 1492, na-enweghị mwakpo Alhambra n'onwe ya, mgbe ndị agha nke Ndị eze Katọlik, Eze Ferdinand nke Abụọ nke Aragon na Eze Nwanyị Isabella nke Castile, weghaara ókèala gbara ya gburugburu na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu. Muhammad nke XI wepụrụ ozu ndị nna nna ya n'ụlọ ahụ, dịka Leopoldo Torres Balbás gosipụtara na 1925, mgbe ọ hụrụ ili iri asaa tọgbọ chakoo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://granadaonly.com/en/historic/alhambra-sultans-their-tombs/|title=Alhambra sultans: Their tombs|date=5 April 2019|accessdate=18 June 2020|archivedate=20 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620235028/https://granadaonly.com/en/historic/alhambra-sultans-their-tombs/}}</ref> O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-adị ugbu a na Mondújar n'Lecrín.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ciceronegranada.com/en/blog/alhambras-monarchs-buried/|title=Where are the Alhambra's monarchs buried?|date=21 August 2017|accessdate=18 June 2020|archivedate=17 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617110828/https://www.ciceronegranada.com/en/blog/alhambras-monarchs-buried/}}</ref> Mgbe mmeri ahụ gasịrị, Alhambra ghọrọ obieze na ihe onwunwe nke Crown Spanish. Isabella na Ferdinand biri ebe a ma nọrọ na Granada ọtụtụ ọnwa, ruo na 25 Mee 1492.{{Sfn|Vincent|2021|p=168}} Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ihe abụọ dị mkpa mere. Na 31 Machị, ndị eze bịanyere aka na Iwu Alhambra, nke nyere iwu ka a chụpụ ndị Juu niile nọ na Spain bụ ndị jụrụ ịtọghata.{{Sfn|Vincent|2021|p=168}}{{Sfn|Coleman|2013|p=38}} Christopher Columbus, onye nọkwa ebe ahụ iji hụ nraranye nke Granada, gosipụtara atụmatụ ya maka Njem gafee Atlantic nye ndị eze na Hall ya Ambassadors na 17 Eprelu ha bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nke setịpụrụ usoro maka njem ahụ nke rutere [[Amerikas|Amerịkas]] n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.{{Sfn|Vincent|2021|p=168}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=1, 16–17}} [[Faịlụ:La_Alzaba_de_la_Alhambra_17.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Nke Torre de la Polvóra na Alcazaba, ihe atụ nke ụlọ elu e ji mgbidi ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ mee ka ọ dịkwuo ike na narị afọ nke iri na isii iji chebe onwe ya nke ọma megide artillery nke oge a.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=91–92}}]] Ndị ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Ndị Kraịst malitere ịgbakwunye na ime mgbanwe n'obieze. E nyere ezinụlọ Tendilla ọchịchị nke Alhambra, bụ ndị e nyere otu n'ime obieze Nasrid, Palacio del Partal Alto (n'akụkụ Obí Partal), iji mee ihe dị ka ebe obibi ezinụlọ. Iñigo López de Mendoza na Quiñones (d. 1515), Count nke abụọ nke Tendilla, nọ n'etiti ndị Ferdinand nke Abụọ mgbe Muhammad XI nyefere mkpịsị ugodi nke Alhambra wee bụrụ gọvanọ mbụ nke Alhambla.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=297–298}} Ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 24 mgbe mmeri ahụ gasịrị, ọ rụziri ma gbanwee mgbidi ya iji chebe ya nke ọma megide mwakpo ogbunigwe. E wuru ma ọ bụ wusie ọtụtụ ụlọ elu na mgbidi - dị ka Torre de Siete Suelos, Torre de las Cabezas, na Torres Bermejas - n'oge a, dị ka a hụrụ site na mgbakwunye nke mgbidi gburugburu.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=297–298}} N'afọ 1512, e nyekwara Count ihe onwunwe nke Mondéjar ma mesịa nyefee aha Marquis nke Mondéhar n'aka ụmụ ya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=297–298}} [[Faịlụ:Granada._Alhambra._Palacio_Carlos_V_LCCN2017660754.jpg|thumb|Obieze nke Charles V, nke a malitere na 1527 mana a hapụrụ ya mgbe 1637. Foto a nke 1890 na-egosi elu ụlọ ahụ ka na-efu n'elu ala.]] Charles V (r. 1516-1556) gara Alhambra n'elu 1526 ya na nwunye ya Isabella nke Portugal wee kpebie ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi eze ya. O wughachiri ma ọ bụ gbanwee akụkụ nke obieze Nasrid ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ eze, usoro nke malitere na 1528 ma wuchaa na 1537.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=149–159}} Ọ kwatuo akụkụ nke Obí Comares iji mee ka nnukwu obí ọhụrụ, nke a maara dị ka Obí Charles V, nke e mere n'udị Renaissance nke oge ahụ. A malitere iwu obieze ahụ n'afọ 1527 mana emesịrị hapụ ya ka ọ ghara ịrụcha mgbe afọ 1637 gasịrị.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=69–70}} Gọvanọ nke ezinụlọ Tendilla-Mondéjar bịara ná njedebe na 1717-1718, mgbe Philip V weghaara ihe onwunwe ezinụlọ ahụ na Alhambra ma chụpụ Marquis nke Mondéjar, José de Mendoza Ibáñez de Segovia (1657-1734), n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi obodo (''alcaide'') nke Alhambra, na mmegwara maka Marquis na-emegide ya na Agha nke Spanish Succession.{{Sfnm|López|2011|Dickie|1992|1p=299|2pp=148–149}} Ọpụpụ nke ezinụlọ Tendilla-Mondéjar gosipụtara mmalite nke oge kachasị njọ nke ọdịda Alhambra. N'oge a, steeti Spain wepụtara ihe onwunwe ole na ole nye ya na njikwa ya bụ nke ndị gọvanọ mpaghara nwere ọdịmma onwe ha na ezinụlọ ha bi n'ime obieze ndị a leghaara anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=299}} N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, Alhambra mebiri emebi. N'agbata afọ 1810 na 1812 ndị agha Napoleon weghaara Granada n'oge Agha Peninsular.{{sfn|RingSalkinLa Boda|1995|p=298}} Ndị agha France, n'okpuru iwu nke Count Sebastiani, weghaara Alhambra dị ka ebe e wusiri ike ma mebie ihe ncheta ahụ nke ukwuu.{{sfn|López|2011|p=301}} Mgbe ha hapụrụ obodo mepere mepe ahụ, ha nwara imebi ihe owuwu ahụ dum iji gbochie ya ka a ghara iji ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka ebe e wusiri ike. Ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbasa ụlọ elu asatọ tupu onye agha Spain bụ José Garcia emebie fuses fọdụrụnụ, onye omume ya zọpụtara ihe fọdụrụ taa.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=301}} N'afọ 1821, ala ọma jijiji mere ka mmebi ọzọ.<ref name="Chisholm" /> Na mbido narị afọ nke 19, a kọwara ebe ahụ dị ka ebe ndị mkpọrọ, ndị agha nwere nkwarụ na ndị ọzọ a chụpụrụ achụpụ bi.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=302}} === Nweghachi na mweghachi nke oge a === [[Faịlụ:Weeks_Edwin_Lord_A_Court_in_The_Alhambra_in_the_Time_of_the_Moors.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|''A Court in the Alhambra at the Time of the Moors'', Edwin Lord Weeks, 1876]] Ka ọ na-erule ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ 18, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị ọrụ Spanish malitere idepụta ọdịdị Alhambra na nkọwa ya.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=23–24}} Ka ọ na-erule afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ 19, ndị edemede ndị ọzọ na Europe malitere ịdọrọ uche gaa na ya ma saịtị ahụ mechara bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka ndị edemede Romanticist nke ọdịda anyanwụ, ndị akwụkwọ ha na-achọkarị ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụlọ mara mma nke obieze ndị Moor n'oge gara aga na ọnọdụ ha ugbu a nke mbibi na ileghara anya.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=22–25}} Nke a dakọtara na mmasị na-arịwanye elu nke ndị Europe n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (Orientialism), nke gbara ume ka a kwusie ike na exoticism na àgwà "ọwụwa Awụwa Aụla Anyanwụ" nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=302}} Ọ bụ ndị edemede French, British, na German duziri nchọpụta a nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=22}} N'afọ 1830, onye edemede America bụ Washington Irving biri na Granada ma dee Tales of the Alhambra, nke e bipụtara na 1832, nke keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mmasị mba ụwa na ndịda Spain na ihe ncheta oge Islam dị ka Alhambra.{{sfn|RingSalkinLa Boda|1995|p=298}} Ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi, dị ka John Frederick Lewis, Richard Ford, François-René de Chateaubriand, na Owen Jones, nyere aka mee ka Alhambra bụrụ ihe ngosi nke oge ahụ na ihe odide na ihe osise ha n'oge narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=|pp=144–157, 164–167}} [[Faịlụ:-Courtyard_of_the_Lions,_Alhambra,_Granada-_MET_DP366396.jpg|thumb|Pavilion dị n'Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm na foto nke narị afọ nke 19, na-egosi "ọwụwa anyanwụ" dome nke Rafael Contreras gbakwunyere na 1859, mgbe e mesịrị Leopoldo Torres Balbás wepụrụ ya.]] Ọrụ mweghachi na Alhambra malitere na 1828 n'aka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ José Contreras, nke Ferdinand VII nyere na 1830. Mgbe ọnwụ Contreras na 1847, nwa ya nwoke Rafael (nwụrụ n'afọ 1890) na nwa nwa ya Mariano Contreras (nwụrụ n'afo 1912) gara n'ihu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alhambra {{!}} Palace, Fortress, Facts, Map, & Pictures {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Alhambra-fortress-Granada-Spain|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=www.britannica.com|language=en|archivedate=29 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129174214/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Alhambra-fortress-Granada-Spain}}</ref> Ndị ezinụlọ Contreras nọgidere na-abụ ndị na-ewu ụlọ na ndị na-elekọta Alhambra ruo n'afọ 1907.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} N'oge a, ha na-agbaso n'ozuzu echiche nke "nweghachi ọdịdị", nke na-akwado iwu na mgbakwunye nke ihe iji mee ka ihe ncheta "zuru ezu" mana ọ bụghị na ọ kwekọrọ na eziokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme ọ bụla. Ha gbakwunyere ihe ndị ha weere na ha na-anọchite anya ihe ha chere na ọ bụ "ụdị Arabic", na-emesi Alhambra ike na ọ bụ onye "Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ". Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1858-1859 Rafael Contreras na Juan Pugnaire gbakwunyere ogidi dị gburugburu nke yiri nke ndị Peshia na Court of the Lions na n'ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke Court of the Myrtles, ọ bụ ezie na ndị a enweghị ihe jikọrọ ha na ụlọ Nasrid.'''{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=30–31}}''' N'afọ 1868, Mgbanwe ọchịchị wepụrụ Isabella II na gọọmentị weghaara ihe onwunwe nke ndị eze Spain, gụnyere Alhambra. N'afọ 1870, a mara Alhambra dị ka Ihe Ncheta Mba nke Spain ma steeti ahụ wepụtara mmefu ego maka nchekwa ya, nke Kọmitii Ncheta nke Provincial na-elekọta.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=305}} A họpụtara Mariano Contreras, onye ikpeazụ n'ime ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Contreras ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nchedo nke Alhambra, dị ka onye nlekọta ụlọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1890. Ọchịchị ya bụ nke esemokwu na atụmatụ nchekwa ya dọtara nkatọ site n'aka ndị ọchịchị ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Mariano Contreras Granja {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/44265/mariano-contreras-granja|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=dbe.rah.es|archivedate=25 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225210400/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/44265/mariano-contreras-granja}}</ref> Na Septemba 1890, ọkụ gbara akụkụ dị ukwuu nke Sala de la Barca na Comares Palace, nke gosipụtara adịghị ike nke saịtị ahụ.<ref name=":10" />{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=303–304}} E nyere iwu ka e dee akụkọ n'afọ 1903. Nke a dugara n'ịmepụta "Ụlọ Ọrụ Pụrụ Iche" na 1905. E nyere Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche nlekọta nchekwa na mweghachi nke Alhambra. N'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enweghị ike ịchịkwa ya n'ihi esemokwu ya na Contreras.<ref name=":10" />{{Sfn|López|2011|p=|pp=304–305}} N'afọ 1907, e ji Modesto Cendoya dochie Mariano Contreras, onye a katọrọ ọrụ ya. Cendoya malitere ọtụtụ igwu ala na-achọ ihe ọhụrụ mana ọ na-ahapụkarị ọrụ ndị a na-akwụsịbeghị. O weghachiri ụfọdụ ihe dị mkpa nke saịtị ahụ, dị ka usoro mmiri, mana leghaara ndị ọzọ anya.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book|author=Ruggles|first=D. Fairchild|title=Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Honor of Renata Holod|publisher=Brill|year=2014|isbn=978-90-04-28028-1|editor=Roxburgh|pages=1–21|chapter=Inventing the Alhambra}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Modesto Tiburcio Cendoya Busquets {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=dbe.rah.es|archivedate=25 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225210402/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} N'ihi esemokwu na-aga n'ihu na Cendoya, a gbasara Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche na 1913 ma jiri kansụl (Patronato) nke Alhambra dochie ya na 1914, nke a na-ebo ebubo ọzọ na ọ na-elekọta nchekwa nke saịtị ahụ na ọrụ Cendoya. N'afọ 1915, e jikọtara ya na Directorate-General of Fine Arts nke Ministry of Public Education (mgbe e mesịrị Ministry of National Education). <ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} Dị ka Mariano Contreras tupu ya, Cendoya gara n'ihu na-ese okwu na ndị nlekọta na igbochi ''Nchịkwa'' ha. E mechara chụpụ ya n'ọkwa ya n'afọ 1923.<ref name=":12" />    Mgbe Cendoya gasịrị, a họpụtara Leopoldo Torres Balbás dị ka onye isi na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ site na 1923 ruo 1936. Nhọpụta nke Torres Balbás, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie a zụrụ azụ na onye na-Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, gosipụtara mgbanwe doro anya na usoro sayensị na usoro maka nchekwa Alhambra.<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|title=Modesto Tiburcio Cendoya Busquets {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets|access-date=2022-02-25|website=dbe.rah.es|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225210402/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} Ọ kwadoro ụkpụrụ nke 1931 Athens Charter maka nke Restoration ya Monuments, nke kwusiri ike na mmezi mgbe niile, nkwanye ùgwù maka ọrụ nke oge gara aga, nchebe iwu maka ihe ncheta ihe nketa, na ikike nke usoro na ihe ndị dị n'oge a na mweghachi ma ọ bụrụhaala na ndị a bụ ndị a na-ahụ anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} Ọrụ ya metụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ dị na Alhambra. A gbanwere ụfọdụ n'ime mgbanwe na mgbakwunye ndị na-ezighị ezi nke ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Contreras.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=135, 142}}{{sfn|Irwin|2004|p=30}} Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eto eto "meghere oghere ndị e ji mgbidi mechie, gwupụtaghachi ọdọ mmiri jupụtara, dochie tebụl ndị na-efu efu, mezue ihe odide ndị na-enweghị akụkụ nke mkpụrụedemede ha, ma tinye uko n'obieze nke Charles V a na-arụchabeghị".<ref>Roxburgh, David J. (ed.) (2014). ''Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture''. Brill. {{ISBN|9789004280281}}, pp. 18–19.</ref> O mekwara nchọpụta ihe ochie n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Alhambra, nchọpụta nke ihe owuwu Nasrid furu efu dị ka Palacio del Partal Alto na Obí nke Abencerrajes nke nyere nghọta miri emi banyere obieze ochie ahụ n'ozuzu ya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–239}} Onye na-enyere ya aka, Francisco Prieto Moreno, onye bụ onye isi na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu site na 1936 ruo 1970, gara n'ihu na ọrụ Torres Balbás.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–306}} N'afọ 1940, e guzobere Kansụl ọhụrụ nke Alhambra iji lekọta saịtị ahụ, nke nọgidere na-elekọta kemgbe ahụ. N'afọ 1984, gọọmentị etiti dị na Madrid wegara ọrụ maka saịtị ahụ na Gọọmentị Ógbè nke Andalusia na n'afọ 1986, e mepụtara iwu na akwụkwọ ọhụrụ iji chịkwaa atụmatụ na nchebe nke saịtị ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=306–307}} N'afọ 1984, edepụtara Alhambra na Generalife dị ka UNESCO.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}</ref> Alhambra bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta kachasị ewu ewu na Spain. Nnyocha, nchọpụta ihe mgbe ochie, na ọrụ mweghachi anọgidekwara na-aga n'ihu na narị afọ nke 21.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=153-155}} == Ọdịdị == [[Faịlụ:Map_of_alhambra_sp.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Atụmatụ Alhambra nke oge a.]] Ebe Alha dị ihe dị ka 700-740 n'ogologo na ihe dị ka 200-205 n'obosara ya kachasị ukwuu.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=234}}<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Alhambra, Granada, Spain|url=https://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Alhambra-Granada-Spain|work=AirPano|accessdate=23 January 2017|archivedate=3 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203192259/http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Alhambra-Granada-Spain}}</ref> Ọ na-eguzo n'elu ugwu dị warara na-ele ''Vega'' ma ọ bụ Plain of Granada anya ma bụrụ nke osimiri Darro tụrụ n'akụkụ ugwu ya ka ọ na-agbadata na Sierra Nevada.<ref>{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007}}</ref> Ala na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji wuo ebe e wusiri ike bụ ụrọ na-acha uhie uhie nke na-enye brik na nkume siri ike (''tapial calicastrado'') ụcha ya mara ma dị na mgbọrọgwụ nke aha 'Red Hill'.<ref name="Salmerón_III2">{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=III. The material base: construction and form}}</ref> Ihe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alhambra bụ Alcazaba, nnukwu ebe e wusiri ike na-ele obodo ahụ anya. N'ihi ọchịchọ ndị njem nleta, ohere nke oge a na-emegide usoro mbụ nke malitere site na isi ohere site na ''Puerta de la Justicia'' (Ụzọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi) gaa na nnukwu Souq ma ọ bụ ahịa ọha na eze na-eche ihu na Alcazaba, nke e kewara ugbu a ma kpuchie ya site na mmepe nke oge Ndị Kraịst.<ref name="Salmerón_III3">{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=III. The material base: construction and form}}</ref> Site na ''Puerta del Vino'' (ọnụ ụzọ mmanya) na-agba ''Calle Real'' (Streetị Obieze) na-ekewa Alhambra n'akụkụ ọkpụkpụ ya n'ime mpaghara obibi ndịda, nwere ụlọ alakụba, hamams (ụlọ ịsa ahụ) na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, na akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ugwu, nke ọtụtụ obieze ndị a ma ama nwere nnukwu ogige mara mma na-achịkwa ọhụụ n'elu Albaicín.<ref name="Salmerón_IV">{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=IV. Formation and spatial perception}}</ref> Ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'elu ugwu ahụ nwere ọtụtụ obieze Moorish, nke mgbidi e wusiri ike gbara gburugburu, nwere ụlọ elu nchebe iri na atọ, ụfọdụ (dị ka Torre de la Infanta na Torre de la Cautiva) nwere obieze kwụ ọtọ dị iche iche. Osimiri Darro na-agafe ndagwurugwu dị n'ebe ugwu ma kewaa ala dị larịị na mpaghara Albaicín nke Granada. N'otu aka ahụ, Ndagwurugwu Sabika, nke nwere Ogige Alhambra, dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda, na, gafere ndagwurugwu a, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugwu kwụ ọtọ nke Monte Mauror kewara ya na mpaghara Antequeruela. Ndagwurugwu ọzọ kewara ya na Generalife, ogige ntụrụndụ nke eze ukwu. Salmerón Escobar na-ekwu na mgbe e mesịrị, a kụrụ osisi elms na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eme ka nghọta zuru oke nke nhazi ahụ ghara ịdị mma, yabụ a na-enye ọgụgụ ka mma nke ala mbụ n'oge oyi mgbe osisi ndị ahụ gba ọtọ.<ref>{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=VI. The Alhambra that survives}}</ref><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}} == Ihe owuwu == === Nhazi zuru oke === [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_by_Juan_Laurent.jpg|thumb|Mullioned windo nke ''Hall of the Two Sisters'' na Alhambra, nke Jean Laurent, n'ebe 1874. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe ịchọ mma stucco na mgbidi ndị dị n'elu ebe a na-ahụ mosaic tebụl geometric n'okpuru.]] Nhazi na ịchọ mma nke obieze Nasrid bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu nke ụlọ Moorish (nke ọdịda anyanwụ nke Islam) site na narị afọ ndị gara aga mana ha mepụtara njirimara nke ha.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=219}} Njikọ nke ogige ndị a haziri nke ọma, ihe ndị dị na mmiri, ogige, ogidi ndị dị n'elu ogidi ndị pere mpe, na ihe ịchọ mma [[Tile|tiel]] stucco na tebụl na-enye Nasrid àgwà ụlọ nke a kọwara dị ka ethereal na nke dị nso.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}<ref name=":0522">{{Cite book|author=Tabbaa|first=Yasser|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2007|editor=Fleet|location=|pages=|language=en|chapter=Architecture}}</ref><ref name=":242">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor-last=Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan M.|language=en|chapter=Granada|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=49}} A na-ewu mgbidi ndị ahụ n'ala, lime concrete, ma ọ bụ brik ma jiri plaster kpuchie ha, ebe a na-eji osisi (karịsịa pine) eme ihe maka elu ụlọ, uko, na ọnụ ụzọ.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} E mere ụlọ ka a hụ ya site n'ime ya mere e lekwasịrị anya n'ime.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} Otu isi nke ụlọ eze Nasrid bụ ogige nwere akụkụ anọ nwere ọdọ mmiri, isi iyi, ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri n'etiti ya.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} A na-ejikọta ogige n'akụkụ abụọ ma ọ bụ anọ site na ụlọ nzukọ, na-enwekarị porticoes nwere arcaded. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe owuwu ndị a gosipụtara ''ebe a na-ele anya'', ọnụ ụlọ na-apụta n'èzí site na ụlọ ndị ọzọ ma na-egosi ọhụụ mara mma nke ogige ma ọ bụ obodo emepe mepe ahụ.<ref name=":243">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor-last=Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan M.|language=en|chapter=Granada|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=219}} E ji usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ mee ụlọ ndị ahụ nke na-enye ha àgwà anya dị mma.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=260}} E mere nhazi nke ogige, nkesa nke windo, na ojiji nke ihe ndị dị na mmiri na ihu igwe n'uche, na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ ma na-emepe ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge ọkọchị ka ọ na-ebelata mmiri oyi ma na-amụba ìhè anyanwụ n'oge oyi.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=267–268, 275}} Ọnụ ụlọ ndị dị n'elu dị obere ma dịkwuo n'ime, na-eme ka ha dịkwuo mma maka iji n'oge oyi.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} A na-ejikarị ogige dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda nke na-enye ohere ka nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ nweta ìhè anyanwụ kpọmkwem n'etiti ehihie n'oge oyi, ebe n'oge ọkọchị, ọnọdụ na omimi nke porticos dị n'ihu ụlọ nzukọ ndị a na-egbochi anyanwụ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wilmert|first=Todd|date=2010|title=Alhambra Palace Architecture: An Environmental Consideration of Its Inhabitation|url=https://www.archnet.org/publications/9489|journal=Muqarnas|volume=27|pages=157–188|doi=10.1163/22118993_02701008|accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=267}} === Ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị na-ede uri === Obere ihe ka a maara banyere ndị na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị omenkà wuru Alhambra, mana a maara karịa banyere Dīwān al-Insńhā', ma ọ bụ chancery.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=237}} Ụlọ ọrụ a yiri ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na imewe ụlọ, ma eleghị anya n'ihi na ihe odide bịara pụta ìhè na ịchọ mma ha.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–238}} Onye isi nke chancery na-abụkarị vizier (primi minista) nke sultan. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị kpọmkwem ndị na-ewu ụlọ, usoro ọfịs nke ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ ndị a kwekọrọ na nnukwu usoro iwu ihe na Alhambra, nke na-egosi na ha keere òkè na-eduga ọrụ iwu ihe.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237-238}} Ndị kachasị mkpa nwere ọnọdụ ndị a, dị ka Ibn al-Jayyab, Ibn al-Khatib, na Ibn Zamrak, dekwara ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị na-achọ mgbidi Alhambra mma. Ibn al-Jayyab jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke chancery n'oge dị iche iche n'etiti 1295 na 1349 n'okpuru ndị sultan isii site na Muhammad II ruo Yusuf I.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}} Ibn al-Khatib jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke chancery na dị ka vizier maka oge dị iche iche n'etiti 1332 na 1371, n'okpuru ndị sultan Yusuf I na Muhammad V.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–238}} Ibn Zamrak jere ozi dị ka vizier na onye isi nke chancery maka oge dị n'etiti 1354 na 1393, n'okpuru Muhammad V na Muhammad VII.<ref name=":052">{{Cite book|last=Granja|first=F. de la|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|publisher=Brill|year=2008|isbn=9789004161214|editor-last=Bearman|editor-first=P.|location=|pages=|chapter=Ibn Zamrak|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor3-first=C.E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W.P.}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237-238}} === Ihe ịchọ mma === [[Faịlụ:Ceiling_Crafts_of_the_Alhambra_yeonu.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|''Muqarnas'' (ma ọ bụ mocárabes) a tụrụ na stucco n'obí ọdụm]] A na-eji stucco a tụrụ atụ (ma ọ bụ ''yesería'' na Spanish) na mosaic tilework (''zilīj'' ma ọ bụ ''zellij'' na Arabic; ''alicatado'' na Spanish)<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last1=Degeorge|first1=Gérard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VynrAAAAMAAJ&q=zellij+alicatado|title=The Art of the Islamic Tile|last2=Porter|first2=Yves|publisher=Random House Incorporated|year=2002|isbn=978-2-08-010876-0|pages=24|language=en}}</ref> eme ihe maka ịchọ mma mgbidi, ebe a na-ejikarị osisi eme uko, nke a nwere ike ịkpụ ma see ya. Tile mosaics na uko osisi na-enwekarị ihe osise geometric. A na-ejikarị tebụl eme ihe maka mgbidi ndị dị ala ma ọ bụ maka ala, ebe a na-eji stucco eme ihe maka mpaghara ndị dị n'elu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} A na-ejikarị ihe osise arabesque (''ataurique'' na Spanish, site na Arabic: التوريق), epigraphic motifs, geometric motifs, ma ọ bụ sebka motifs.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Borges|first=Victor|date=2012-02-02|title=Nasrid Plasterwork: Symbolism, Materials & Techniques|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Victoria and Albert Museum Online Museum|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220210918/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":83">{{Cite web|last=Borges|first=Victor|date=2012-02-02|title=Nasrid Plasterwork: Symbolism, Materials & Techniques|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Victoria and Albert Museum Online Museum|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220210918/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Puertas|1997|p=96}} Enwere ike ịkpụ ya ọzọ n'ime muqarnas atọ (mocárabes na Spanish). Ihe odide Arabic, ihe e ji mara Alhambra karịsịa, ka a tụrụ n'akụkụ mgbidi ma gụnye akụkụ kor'an, uri nke ndị na-ede uri n'ụlọ ikpe Nasrid, na ikwughachi ụkpụrụ Nasrid "wa la ghalib illa-llah".{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–238}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=166–167}} [[Faịlụ:Palacios_nazaríes._Sala_del_Mexuar_-_005.JPG|thumb|Ihe atụ nke isi obodo Nasrid (site na Sala del Mexuar), na ụfọdụ n'ime agba mbụ ya echekwara.]] A na-ejikwa marble ọcha e gwupụtara na Macael (n'Ógbè Almeria) mee isi iyi na ogidi ndị dị gịrịgịrị.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} Isi nke ogidi na-enwekarị akụkụ cylindrical dị ala nke e ji akwụkwọ acanthus mee, akụkụ cubic dị n'elu nke nwere ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ geometric, na ihe odide na-aga n'ala ma ọ bụ n'elu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} Ọ bụ ezie na ịchọ mma stucco, ụlọ osisi, na isi ihe e ji mabụl mee nke Alhambra na-adịkarị ka enweghị agba ma ọ bụ monochrome taa, e sere ha na agba na-egbuke egbuke.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=44, 49-50}} Agba ndị bụ isi - ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, na (n'ọnọdụ odo odo) - bụ ndị kacha pụta ìhè ma jikọta ha iji nweta nguzozi mara mma ụfọdụ, ebe e ji agba ndị ọzọ mee ihe n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'azụ.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Bush|first=Olga|date=2009|title=The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra|journal=Muqarnas|volume=26|pages=119–148|doi=10.1163/22118993-90000146|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} ==== Ihe odide ==== [[Faịlụ:Granada-Alhambra12.jpg|thumb|Calligraphy in the Hall of Ambassadors: n'elu bụ otu ihe odide nke na-ekwughachi ụkpụrụ Nasrid ("And There is no victory but God") na edemede cursive, ebe n'okpuru bụ nnukwu cartouche nwere ihe odide na "Knotted" Kufic]] Alhambra gosipụtara ụdị dị iche iche nke epigraphy Arabic nke mepụtara n'okpuru usoro ndị eze Nasrid, na karịsịa n'okpuru Yusuf I na Muhammad V.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Jayyusi|first1=Salma Khadra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA667|title=The Legacy of Muslim Spain|last2=Marín|first2=Manuela|date=1992|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09599-1|access-date=26 June 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725025635/https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA667|url-status=live}}</ref> [[José Miguel Puerta Vílchez]] jiri mgbidi nke Alhambra tụnyere peeji nke ihe odide, na-eme ka ihe yiri ya dị n'etiti dados kpuchiri ''Zilīj'' na ihe osise nke geometric, na ụdị epigraphic dị n'obí eze na ihe odide calligraphic n'Ihe odide Arabic nke oge a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Puerta Vílchez|first=José Miguel|title=Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions|date=2011|publisher=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux|isbn=978-84-86827-62-5|location=Granada, Spain|oclc=828680669}}</ref> Ihe odide na-adịkarị n'usoro kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ kwụ ọtọ maọbụ a na-etinye ha n'ime cartouches nke gburugburu ma ọ bụ rectangular.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=124}} Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihe odide ndị dị na Alhambra na-eji <nowiki><i id="mwBTQ">Naskhi</i></nowiki> ma ọ bụ ederede cursive, nke bụ ederede a na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe oge ndị Alakụba malitere.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=269}} ''Thuluth'' sitere na edemede cursive nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a haziri ahazi; a na-ahọrọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mbido nke akwụkwọ ndị chancery Nasrid kwadebere.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=124}} E dere ọtụtụ ihe odide na Alhambra na ederede ''Naskhi-Thuluth''.<ref name=":132">{{Cite journal|last=Bush|first=Olga|date=2009|title=The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra|journal=Muqarnas|volume=26|pages=119–148|doi=10.1163/22118993-90000146|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=124}} Akara nke ederede cursive na-agbanwekarị na friezes ma ọ bụ cartouches nke ederede Kufic. Kufic bụ ụdị kachasị ochie nke calligraphy Arabic, mana site na narị afọ 13, ihe odide Kufic dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ndị Alakụba ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihe owuwu ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na'amaghị ama.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blair|first=Sheila S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laQxEAAAQBAJ&dq=naskh+script+nasrid&pg=PA143|title=Islamic Inscriptions|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4744-6448-2|pages=91|language=en|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502192158/https://books.google.com/books?id=laQxEAAAQBAJ&dq=naskh+script+nasrid&pg=PA143|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|p=269}} N'ime Alhambra, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke "Knotted" Kufic, ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụedemede na-ejikọta ọnụ na eriri dị mgbagwoju anya.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Jazayeri|first=S. M. V. Mousavi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCj5DQAAQBAJ&dq=knotted+kufic&pg=PA9|title=A Handbook of Early Arabic Kufic Script: Reading, Writing, Calligraphy, Typography, Monograms|publisher=Blautopf Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-0-9981727-4-3|pages=9|language=en|accessdate=13 April 2022}}</ref> Mgbatị nke mkpụrụedemede ndị a nwere ike ịghọ eriri ndị na-aga n'ihu ma mepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-enweghị atụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ mepụta ọnụ nke cartouche na-agụnye ihe ndị ọzọ e dere na ya.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=269}} Ihe odide nke Alhambra gụnyere "okwu na ahịrịokwu na ahịhịa dị nsọ, nke eze, nke votive, na nke kor'an," nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ arabesques, nke a tụrụ n'osisi na marble, ma mee ka ọ dị n'elu tebụl.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Puerta Vílchez|first=José Miguel|title=Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions|date=2011|publisher=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux|isbn=978-84-86827-62-5|location=Granada, Spain|oclc=828680669}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPuerta_VílchezNúñez_Guarde2011">Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel; Núñez Guarde, Juan Agustín (2011). ''Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions''. Granada, Spain: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-86827-62-5|<bdi>978-84-86827-62-5</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/828680669 828680669].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: publisher location ([[:Category:CS1 maint: publisher location|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: publisher location]]</ref> Ndị na-ede uri nke ụlọ ikpe Nasrid, gụnyere Ibn al-Khatīb na Ibn Zamrak, dere uri maka obieze.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Travelers of Al-Andalus, Part VI: The Double Lives of Ibn al-Khatib - AramcoWorld|url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/November-2015/Travelers-of-Al-Andalus-Part-VI-The-Double-Lives|accessdate=2020-06-07|work=www.aramcoworld.com|archivedate=25 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725025536/https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/November-2015/Travelers-of-Al-Andalus-Part-VI-The-Double-Lives}}</ref> Ihe odide nke Alhambra bụkwa ihe pụrụ iche maka ọdịdị ha na-ezo aka na onwe ha ugboro ugboro na ojiji nke onye. Ụfọdụ uri e dere ede, dị ka ndị dị n'obí ọdụm, na-ekwu maka obí ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụlọ ha dị na ya ma dee ya na onye mbụ, dị ka a ga-asị na ọnụ ụlọ ahụ n'onwe ya na-agwa onye na-agụ ya okwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Cynthia|date=2008|title=Marginal Ornament: Poetics, Mimesis, And Devotion In The Palace Of The Lions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRewCQAAQBAJ&dq=alhambra+self-referential+inscriptions&pg=PA193|journal=Muqarnas|volume=25|pages=193|accessdate=13 April 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=167}} A na-ede ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị ahụ na Nasrid cursive script, ebe a na-ejikarị akwụkwọ osisi na okooko osisi Kufic eme ihe - nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ arches, ogidi, enjambments, na "architectural calligrams" - eme ihe dị ka ihe ịchọ mma.<ref name=":0" /> Dị ka ihe ndị ọzọ e ji chọọ ya mma, a na-ese ọtụtụ ihe odide na mbụ ma jiri ụcha mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Nnyocha na-egosi na a na-ese mkpụrụedemede ndị ahụ na ọla edo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha, ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha na akara ojii, nke ga-eme ka ha pụta ìhè na ndabere ndị a chọrọ mma nke a na-etekarị na-acha ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, ma ọ dị ka tookrụosi (na agba ndị ọzọ agwakọta na nkọwa). <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|author=Bush|first=Olga|date=2009|title=The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra|journal=Muqarnas|volume=26|pages=119–148|doi=10.1163/22118993-90000146}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBush2009">Bush, Olga (2009). [[doi:10.1163/22118993-90000146|"The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra"]]. ''Muqarnas''. '''26''': <span class="nowrap">119–</span>148. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1163/22118993-90000146|10.1163/22118993-90000146]]</span>.</cite></ref>   == Ihe owuwu ndị bụ isi == === Ọnụ ụzọ mbata === [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_Gatehouse.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Puerta de la Justicia (Ụzọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi), ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndịda nke Alhambra, nke Yusuf I wuru na 1348]] Ọnụ ụzọ ámá Alhambra bụ nnukwu ''Puerta'' ''de'' ''la'' ''Justicia'' (Ụzọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi), nke a maara na dị ka ''Bab al-Shari'a'' (Arabic: باب الشريعة, lit. 'Ụzọ ámá Shari'a (iwu)'), nke jere ozi dị ka ọnụ ụzọ mbata dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke mgbidi ahụ. E wuru ya na 1348 n'oge ọchịchị Yusuf I.<ref>{{Cite book|author=García Porras|first=Alberto|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgsOEAAAQBAJ|title=The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West: (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)|publisher=Brill|year=2020|isbn=978-90-04-44359-4|editor=Fábregas|chapter=Productive Activities and Material Culture|accessdate=11 February 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=152–155}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=152–155}} Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ nwere nnukwu oghere na-eduga n'ebe dị elu nke na-agafe n'ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ. Okporo ụzọ ahụ tụgharịrị 90 degrees n'aka ekpe wee tụgharịa 90 degrees n'aka nri, yana oghere dị n'elu ebe ndị na-agbachitere nwere ike ịtụba mgbọ na ndị ọ bụla na-awakpo n'okpuru. A na-ese onyinyo nke aka, nke mkpịsị aka ya ise na-anọchi anya Ogidi Ise nke Islam ebe a na-ese ihe oyiyi nke mkpịakọta, ihe nnọchianya ọzọ nke okwukwe, n'ihu ogidi ahụ na ihu ime. E mechara tinye ihe a tụrụ atụ nke oge Ndị Kraịst nke Nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke na Nwa Kraịst n'ime niche ọzọ n'ime ọnụ ụzọ ámá.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=47–49}} N'akụkụ mpụga ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ bụ Pilar de Carlos V, isi iyi nke Renaissance e wuru na 1524 na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ na 1624.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=35}} Na njedebe nke ụzọ si na ''Puerta de la Justicia'' bụ Plaza de los Aljibes ('Ebe nke Cisterns'), oghere dị obosara nke kewara Alcazaba na Obí Nasrid. A na-akpọ ebe ahụ aha nnukwu olulu mmiri nke dị n'ihe dị ka 1494, nke Iñigo López de Mondoza y Quiñones nyere iwu. Olulu mmiri ahụ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ e mere na Alhambra mgbe mmeri 1492 gasịrị ma jupụta ihe bụbu ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti Alcazaba na obieze.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=63}} N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ogige ahụ bụ Puerta del Vino (''Ọnụ Ụzọ Mmanya'') nke na-eduga n'obieze Charles V na ebe obibi mbụ (nke ''medina'') nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|López|1992}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=61–63}} A na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'oge ọchịchị Muhammad III wuru ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịchọ mma ahụ sitere n'oge dị iche iche. A na-achọ ma ihu dị n'ime ma n'èzí nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ mma site na ịchọ mma ceramic na-etinye spandrels nke arches na ihe ịchọ mma stucco n'elu. N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ bụ ihe a tụrụ atụ nke akara dị ka nke dị na ''Puerta de la Justicia''.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=61}} [[Faịlụ:Puerta_de_las_Armas-crop.jpg|thumb|''Puerta de las Armas'' ('Ọnụ Ụgbọ Mmiri'), ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị n'ebe ugwu nke Alhambra site na narị afọ nke 13.]] Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ọzọ dị na Alhambra bụ ''Puerta de las Armas'' ('Ọnụ Ụzọ Arms'), nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Alcazaba, nke mgbidi na-eduga na ''Plaza de los Aljibes'' na Obieze Nasrid. Nke a bụ na mbụ isi ebe a na-abanye n'ụlọ ahụ maka ndị bi n'obodo ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike ịnweta ya site n'akụkụ Albaicín, mana mgbe ndị Kraịst meriri Puerta de la Justicia ka Ferdinand na Isabella kwadoro.{{Sfn|López|1992}} Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ, otu n'ime ihe owuwu ndị mbụ e wuru na Alhambra na narị afọ 13, bụ otu n'etiti ihe owuwu Alhambra nke yiri omenala ụlọ Almohad nke bu ụzọ na Nasrids. A na-achọ ihu ihu nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ mma na polylobed molding na glazed tiles n'ime rectangular ''alfiz'' frame. N'ime ụzọ ámá ahụ bụ dome nke a na-ese iji gosipụta ọdịdị brik na-acha ọbara ọbara, ihe ịchọ mma nke oge Nasrid.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=49–51}} Ọnụ ụzọ ámá mpụga abụọ ọzọ dị, ha abụọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'akụkụ ugwu bụ ''Puerta del Arrabal'' ('Ọnụ ụzọ Arrabal'), nke na-emeghe na ''Cuesta de los Chinos'' ('Ugwu Ya Emezi Mgbanwe'), ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti Alhambra na Generalife. O yikarịrị ka e kere ya n'okpuru Muhammad nke Abụọ ma jee ozi n'obieze mbụ nke Alhambra nke e wuru n'ógbè a n'oge ọchịchị ya. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe n'oge ndị Kraịst nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|López|1992}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=53}} N'akụkụ ndịda bụ ''Puerta de los Siete Suelos'' ('Ọnụ Ụzọ nke okpukpu asaa'), nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbawa nke ndị agha France na-apụ apụ na 1812 bibiri kpamkpam. E wughachiri ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị ugbu a n'afọ ndị 1970 site n'enyemaka nke iberibe ndị fọdụrụnụ na ọtụtụ Ihe osise ochie nke na-egosi ọnụ ụzọ ákwà ámá mbụ. O yikarịrị ka e wuru ọnụ ụzọ ámá mbụ ahụ n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na anọ na aha Arabic mbụ ya bụ ''Bab al-Gudur''. Ọ ga-abụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata na-ejere ''medina'' ozi, ebe ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ndị ọrụ nọ n'ime Alhambra. Ọ bụkwa site n'ebe a ka ndị eze Katọlik batara na Alhambra na Jenụwarị 2, 1492.{{Sfn|López|1992}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=45–46}} === Alcazaba === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}} [[Faịlụ:Patio_de_Armas_y_Alcazaba_de_la_Alhambra_II.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-ahụ Alcazaba na ime ya.]] Alcazaba ma ọ bụ obodo ukwu bụ akụkụ kachasị ochie nke Alhambra taa. Ọ bụ ihe dị n'etiti usoro mgbagwoju anya nke mgbidi ndị chebere mpaghara ahụ. Ụlọ elu ya kachasị elu, 26 dị elu Torre del Homenaje ('Ụlọ elu nke Nsọpụrụ'), bụ ebe nchekwa na ebe nchịkwa ndị agha nke ụlọ ahụ. O nwekwara ike ịbụ ebe obibi mbụ nke Ibn al-Ahmar n'ime Alhambra debe a na-ewu ụlọ ahụ.{{Sfn|López|1992|p=154}} Ụlọ elu kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Torre de la Vela nke dị mita 25 m elu, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ nche. E bu ụzọ bulie ọkọlọtọ Ferdinand na Isabella n'elu ya dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke mmeri ndị Spain meriri Granada na Jenụwarị 2, 1492. A gbakwunyere mgbịrịgba n'elu ụlọ elu ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ma ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ a na-akụ ya n'oge kwa ụbọchị na n'oge pụrụ iche.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=90}} N'afọ 1843, ụlọ elu ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke uwe agha obodo ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=90}} N'ime ogige nke ebe e wusiri ike n'ime ya bụ ebe obibi nke nwere ndị nche Alhambra. O nwere ihe ntụrụndụ obodo dị ka kichin obodo, hammam, na olulu mmiri, yana ọtụtụ ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala nke jere ozi dị ka dungeons na silos.{{Sfn|López|2011b|p=282}} === Obieze Nasrid === Obieze ahụ nwere akụkụ atọ, site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ: Mexuar, Obí Comares, na Obí ọdụm.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=95}} N'ozuzu, a makwaara obieze ndị a dị ka ''Casa Real Vieja'' ('Old Royal Palace'), iji mee ka ha dị iche na obieze ọhụrụ e wuru n'akụkụ ha n'oge oge Ndị Kraịst Spanish.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=155}} ==== Mexuar ====   [[Faịlụ:Mexuar,_seen_from_the_Patio_de_Machuca,_16.08.14.jpg|thumb|Nlegharị anya nke Mexuar taa (nke a na-ahụkwa Ụlọ Elu Comares n'azụ ya). ]] Mexuar bụ akụkụ kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obieze. Ọ yiri ''[[mashwars]]'' (ma ọ bụ mechouars) nke obieze na North Africa.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=269}} E wuru ya na mbụ dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu ụlọ nke Isma'il I malitere nke gụnyere Obí Comares. O nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ nchịkwa na ọrụ ọha na eze nke obieze, dị ka chancery na akụ. Ọdịdị ya nwere ogige abụọ na-esote nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ, ha niile kwụ n'etiti etiti site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Obere ihe fọdụrụ n'ogige ọdịda anyanwụ abụọ nke Mexuar taa, ma e wezụga ntọala ha, portico, na ọdọ mmiri nke isi iyi. Nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ ahụ, nke a maara dị ka ''Sala del Mexuar'' ma ọ bụ Ụlọ Nzukọ, jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ocheeze ebe sultan na-anata ma na-ekpe ikpe mkpesa. Mpaghara a nyekwara ohere ịbanye n'obieze Comares site na mpaghara Cuarto ''Dorado'' n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ụlọ Nzukọ. A gbanwere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Mexuar n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama n'oge ''Reconquista''; karịsịa, a gbanwere ''Sala del Mexuar'' ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ekpere Ndị Kraịst ma gbakwunye ya na ''Cuarto Dorado'' iji gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi. E mechara wepụ ọtụtụ n'ime mgbakwunye ndị a n'oge nrụzigharị nke oge a na narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=268–274}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=99–106}}   [[Faịlụ:Patio_de_los_Arrayanes_Alhambra_02_2014.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ogige nke Myrtles, ogige etiti nke Obí Comares.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=262–265}}]] Obí Comares bụ isi nke nnukwu obieze nke Isma'il I malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 13 ma mesịa gbanwee ma mezigharịa ya site n'aka Yusuf I na Muhammad V n'otu narị afọ ahụ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017}} Obieze ọhụrụ a rụrụ ọrụ dị ka obieze nke sultan na steeti, nke a maara na Arabic dị ka ''Qaṣr al-Sultan'' ma ọ bụ ''Dār al-Mulk''.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=261}} A na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ banye n'obieze Comares site na Mexuar. Ihu ụlọ dị n'ime, nke a maara dị ka Comares Façade, guzo n'akụkụ ndịda nke ''Patio de Cuarto Dorado'' ('Ogige nke Ụlọ Gilded') n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mexuar. Ihu ụlọ a mara mma nke ukwuu, nke nwere ọnụ ụzọ abụọ, bụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke obieze ma eleghị anya rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ ememe.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=109}}{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=137}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=159}} [[Faịlụ:Techo_del_Salón_de_Embajadores_(la_Alhambra),_Granada.jpg|thumb|Elu ụlọ nke Alhambra]] Obí Comares n'onwe ya dị gburugburu ''Patio de los Arrayanes'' ('Ụlọikpe nke Myrtles'), ogige dị mita 23 ruo 23.5 n'obosara na mita 36.6 n'ogologo, na ogologo axis ya dị n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=265}} N'etiti, nke jikọtara ya na isi axis nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ, bụ ọdọ mmiri dị obosara. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mita 34 n'ogologo na mita 7,10 n'obosara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Court of the Myrtles|url=https://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/nasridpalaces/courtofthemyrtles.asp|work=Alhambra de Granada|accessdate=18 February 2022|archivedate=27 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327052348/http://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/placesandspots/courtofthemyrtles.asp}}</ref> Osisi myrtle nke bụ aha ụlọ ikpe ahụ na-eto n'akụkụ abụọ nke ọdọ mmiri a. A na-enwe portico abụọ mara mma n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ, na-eduga n'ụlọ nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'azụ ha. Ihe ịchọ mma nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ nwere q<nowiki><i>asā'id</i></nowiki> iri na otu nke Ibn Zamrak, asatọ n'ime ha ka dị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Puerta Vílchez|first=José Miguel|title=Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions|date=2011|publisher=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux|isbn=978-84-86827-62-5|location=Granada, Spain|oclc=828680669}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPuerta_VílchezNúñez_Guarde2011">Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel; Núñez Guarde, Juan Agustín (2011). ''Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions''. Granada, Spain: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-86827-62-5|<bdi>978-84-86827-62-5</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/828680669 828680669].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: publisher location ([[:Category:CS1 maint: publisher location|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: publisher location]]</ref> N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obieze ahụ bụ Comares Baths, ya obieze hammam nke a na-echekwa nke ọma.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=123}} N'akụkụ ugwu nke Court of the Myrtles, n'ime nnukwu Comares Tower, bụ ''Salón de los Embajadores'' ('Kachasị Ya Nkenne Onye'), ụlọ kachasị ukwuu na Alhambra. A na-enweta ya site na ịgafe ''Sala de la Barca'', nnukwu ụlọ ezumezu nwere akụkụ anọ n'azụ ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ. Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Ndị Nnọchiteanya bụ ụlọ nwere akụkụ 11.3 n'akụkụ ọ bụla ma na-arịgo ruo mita 18.2.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=266}} Nke a bụ ụlọ ocheeze ma ọ bụ ụlọ ndị na-ege ntị nke sultan.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=118}} E debere ocheeze sultan n'ihu ọnụ ụzọ n'ihu windo nwere ogidi abụọ n'azụ ụlọ nzukọ ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=118}} Na mgbakwunye na nnukwu tebụl na ihe ịchọ mma nke mgbidi, ime ya na-ejedebe na nnukwu uko ụlọ. A na-eji osisi 8017 jikọtara ọnụ mee uko ụlọ ahụ nke na-eme ihe nnọchianya geometric nke Eluigwe asaa.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=159}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=118}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=43–44}} Ụlọ nzukọ na ụlọ elu ya na-arụ ọrụ site na mgbidi nke obieze, na windo na-enye ọhụụ n'akụkụ atọ. N'echiche a, ọ bụ ụdị ''mirador'' buru ibu, ụlọ nke ndị bi n'obieze nwere ike ile anya n'èzí na ala gbara ya gburugburu.{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=}} ==== Obí nke ọdụm ==== [[Faịlụ:Palacios_Nazaríes_in_the_Alhambra_(Granada)._(51592334991)_(cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|Ogige ọdụm na isi iyi ya]] Obí nke ọdụm bụ otu n'ime obieze a ma ama n'ihe owuwu Alakụba ma gosipụta ọganihu nke ihe owuwu Nasrid n'okpuru ọchịchị Muhammad V.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Ogige ya nwere akụkụ anọ dị n'etiti dị ihe dị ka mita 28.7 n'ogologo na mita 15.6 n'obosara, na ogologo axis ya dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=279}} A na-ahazi ogidi na ogidi ndị gbara ya gburugburu n'usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke otu ogidi na-agbanwe agbanwe na ìgwè nke ogidi abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, atụmatụ nke pụrụ iche na ụlọ Islam.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=279–281}} Ụlọ abụọ mara mma guzo n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke ogige ahụ, ebe etiti ya bụ isi iyi nke ọdụm a ma ama. Isi iyi ahụ nwere nnukwu efere gbara ọdụm iri na abụọ gburugburu, ha niile ji marble kpụọ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=282–283}} N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ uri e dere ede nke Ibn Zamrak dere.<ref>{{harvp|Al-Hassani|Woodcock|Saoud|2007|p=233}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Hall_of_Kings_(Alhambra)_08_(43582411254).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Elu ụlọ e sere ihe osise ndị Nasrid n'ulọ ''Hall of Kings'']] A na-ahazi ụlọ nzukọ anọ gburugburu ogige ahụ. Sala de los Mocárabes ('Hall of the mocárabes (''muqarnas'') '), nke dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, mebiri na 1590 site na mgbawa nke magazin ntụ ntụ dị nso ma jiri ụlọ elu ya dochie ya na 1714.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=132}} Sala de los Reyes  ('Ụlọ Ndị Eze'), nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, kewara n'ọtụtụ ngalaba nke ''muqarnas'' kpuchiri. Mmeghe n'azụ ndị a bụ ọtụtụ ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ, atọ n'ime ha nwere uko dị gburugburu nke ihe osise pụrụ iche e sere na akpụkpọ anụ kpuchiri.{{sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=53–54}} Otu ihe osise na-egosi mmadụ iri, ma eleghị anya ndị sultan ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, na-anọdụ ala ma na-ekwurịta okwu ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echevarria|first=Ana|date=2008|title=Painting Politics in the Alhambra|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/me/14/2-3/article-p199_3.xml?language=en|journal=Medieval Encounters|language=en|volume=14|issue=2–3|pages=203 and after|doi=10.1163/157006708X366254|issn=1570-0674|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=284}} Ihe osise ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ihe nkiri nke egwuregwu, ịchụ nta, na ndụ ụlọ ikpe.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=284}} Ụdị ihe osise ahụ nwere mmetụta n'otu oge ma ọ bụ ọzọ site na nka Christian Gothic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dodds|first=Jerrilynn|date=1979|title=The Paintings in the Sala de Justicia of the Alhambra: Iconography and Iconology|journal=Art Bulletin|volume=61|issue=2|pages=186–197|doi=10.1080/00043079.1979.10787657}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=284}} [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_Hall_of_Two_Sisters_DSCF7585.jpg|thumb|<nowiki><i>Muqarnas</i></nowiki> dome na ''Hall of the Two Sisters''.]] N'akụkụ ndịda nke ogige ahụ, ''Sala de los Abencerrajes'' ('Ụlọ Nzukọ nke [[Abencerrages]]') nwetara aha ya site na akụkọ akụkọ nke nna Boabdil, bụ onye ikpeazụ sultan nke Granada, mgbe ọ kpọrọ ndị isi nke ahịrị ahụ ka ha bịa oriri na ọṅụṅụ, gburu ha ebe a.<ref>Lowe, Alfonso; Hugh Seymour-Davies. ''The Companion Guide to the South of Spain''. Companion Guides, 2000. {{ISBN|9781900639330}}. P. 8.</ref> Ekpuchiri ya n'elu ụlọ elu muqarnas sara mbara, nke nwere iko lantern nwere akụkụ 16 n'ụdị kpakpando nwere ntụ 8, ikekwe na-anọchi anya eluigwe eluigwe.<ref>Lowe, Alfonso; Hugh Seymour-Davies. ''The Companion Guide to the South of Spain''. Companion Guides, 2000. {{ISBN|9781900639330}}. P. 8.</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=136–138}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=163}} N'akụkụ ugwu nke ogige ahụ bụ Sala de Dos Hermanas ('Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Ụmụnna Abụọ'), nke a na-akpọ n'ihi nnukwu slabs abụọ nke marble bụ akụkụ nke pavement. Aha Arabic mbụ ya bụ al-Qubba al-Kubrā (Arabic: القبة الكبرى, lit. 'Okirikiri na Egbunwe), na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ihe ọ pụtara.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=285}} Ụlọ Nzukọ ahụ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ muqarnas kachasị dị ịrịba ama na nkà Islam. Ngwakọta muqarnas nwere opekata mpe prismatic 5000, na-apụta site na elu ugwu n'ime obere ụlọ iri na isii dị n'elu ọkwa nke windo.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=55}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=145}} N'ebe ugwu nke ''Sala de Dos Hermanas'', ebe a na-esi na ya abanye, ya nke ''Mirador de Lindaraja'' dị, obere ụlọ na-apụta ìhè nke nwere windo nwere achi abụọ n'akụkụ atọ nke na-elepụ anya n'ubi ndị dị n'okpuru. Aha ''Lindaraja'' bụ ihe e ji asụsụ Arabic ''<nowiki/>'Ayn Dar 'Aisha mee''.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=9}} Ụlọ nta a nwere ụfọdụ ihe ịchọ mma stucco kachasị mma na Alhambra ma nwee ihe osise mosaic mbụ nke nwere ihe odide Arabic mara mma nke ukwuu.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=55}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=146}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=146}} Ụlọ elu pụrụ iche nke nwere lattice osisi nke e ji ihe osise geometric kpuchie ma jupụta na iberibe iko agba.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=146}} ==== Ụlọ obibi na ogige nke oge Renaissance ==== [[Faịlụ:Granada_2009-08-10zh.jpg|thumb|Ogige Lindaraja, nke e guzobere na narị afọ 16.]] N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Obí Comares na Obí ọdụm bụ mpaghara nke mgbakwunye Ndị Kraịst nke Renaissance nke sitere na narị afọ nke 16. N'ebe ugwu nke Obí nke ọdụm bụ ''Patio de Lindaraja'' (''Ogige Lindaraja''), nke bụbu ogige mana ọ ghọrọ ogige nzuzo site na mgbakwunye nke ihe owuwu ọhụrụ gbara ya gburugburu na narị afọ nke 16. Isi iyi ahụ dị n'etiti ya nwere ihe mgbakwasị Baroque nke e mere na 1626 nke na-akwado efere marble Nasrid nke arụnyere ebe a n'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ihe yiri ya ugbu a na-anọchi efere mbụ nke a na-edebe na Alhambra Museum.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=149–159}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ na n'akụkụ ugwu nke ogige ahụ, n'akụkụ okpukpu nke elu, e nwere ọnụ ụlọ isii e wuru maka Charles V n'etiti 1528 na 1537, nke a maara dị ka Ụlọ Eze Ukwu. Ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ bụ ọkụ ọkụ marble nke e ji ihe agha eze ukwu kpụọ na uko nke ogwe osisi ndị e sere na foto mkpụrụ osisi. Julio Aquiles na Alejandro Mayner sere ihe osise ndị ahụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 1537.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=149–159}}{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=146}} N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ogige Lindaraja bụ obere ''Patio de la Reja'' ('Ogige Eze Nwanyị'), nke dị n'etiti Ụlọ Eze Ukwu na Ụlọ Elu Comares. E wuru gallery gburugburu ala elu nke ogige ahụ n'etiti 1654 na 1655.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=156}}   === Obieze Charles V === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}} [[Faịlụ:Palacio_de_Carlos_V_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|N'èzí Obieze Charles V]] [[Faịlụ:Patio_Paleis_Karel_V.jpg|thumb|Ogige obieze Charles V]] === Obieze ndị ọzọ nke Nasrid ===   [[Faịlụ:Convent_of_San_Francisco,_Granada_-_DSC07679.JPG|thumb|E wuru Convent nke Saint Francis n'elu mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obieze Nasrid. Ụlọ ahụ bụzi Parador (ụlọ nkwari akụ nke gọọmentị).]] Obieze atọ ndị ọzọ dị n'oge Nasrid dịbu ma e bibiri ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ihe ndị e gwupụtara na Palacio del Partal Alto ("Upper Partal Palace"), nke a makwaara dị ka Palacio del Conde del Tendilla ("Palace of the Count of Tendilla'"), ka a na-etinye taa n'ime ogige Partal. Obieze ahụ malitere n'oge Muhammad nke Abụọ, na mmezigharị na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, ọ bụkwa obieze kachasị ochie na Alhambra nke a chọtara ihe ncheta ya.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}} A na-akpọ Obí nke Convent nke San Francisco (Palacio del Convento de San Francisco, nke a makwaara dị ka Palacio de los Infantes) aha ya bụ Convent nke Saint Francis nke e debere ebe a na 1494.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=180–184}} O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ Muhammad II wuru obieze Nasrid ebe a mana ụfọdụ ihe odide ndị dị ugbu a na-egosi na Muhammad V rụzigharịrị ya nke ọma.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=246–247}} Obere ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe owuwu Nasrid taa ma e wezụga ogige nwere akụkụ anọ na ụfọdụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ ndị gbara ya gburugburu, gụnyere ọnụ ụlọ a chọrọ mma nke ọma na ''muqarnas'' vaulting. E liri Eze Nwanyị Isabella I ebe a na 1504 tupu ebufee ozu ya na Royal Chapel dị nso na katidral.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=247}} Ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ dị ugbu a sitere na mmezigharị nke narị afọ nke 18 nke ebe obibi ndị nọn ma gụnye ogige zoro ezo. Taa ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Parador (ụlọ nkwari akụ nke gọọmentị).{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=180–184}} Obieze nke Abencerrajes (Palacio de los Abencerrjes) bụ otu n'ime obieze kachasị ukwuu na Alhambra ma nwee ike ịmalite site n'oge Muhammad II. Ndị agha Napoleon gbagburu ihe fọdụrụ n'obieze ahụ n'afọ 1812. Ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke ebe a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ nke a maara dị ka Secano. A na-ahụ ihe ndị e gwupụtara taa n'akụkụ ndịda nke ụlọ ahụ mana a ka na-amụ ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=250–251}} === Chọọchị Santa Maria na ụlọ alakụba Alhambra === [[Faịlụ:Iglesia_de_Santa_María_de_la_Alhambra.jpg|thumb|N'èzí Chọọchị Santa Maria de la Alhambra]] N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Obí Charles V bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke ''Santa María de la Alhambra'' ('Saint Mary ya nke Alhambra'), nke guzo n'ebe bụbu ụlọ alakụba Alhambra, ụlọ alakụka ọgbakọ nke Alhambira. E wuru ụlọ ụka ahụ n'agbata narị afọ 1581 na 1618.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=166}} Ọ dị n'okpuru ikike nke Achịbishọp nke Granada.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=St. Mary Church|url=https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/st-mary-church|accessdate=2022-04-18|work=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife|language=en-US|archivedate=19 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519030701/https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/st-mary-church}}</ref> Ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Juan de Herrera na Juan de Orea chepụtara ụlọ ahụ ma Ambrosio Vico wuchaa ya. N'ime ya bụ nnukwu Ebe ịchụàjà Baroque nke nwere ogidi ndị e ji ọlaedo chọọ mma nke e wuchara na 1671, ọ bụ ezie na ihe kachasị mma n'etiti ebe ịchụàjà ahụ, ihe a tụrụ atụ nke Our Lady of Sorrows (na-egosi Meri na-ejide ahụ [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs Kraịst]]), bụ nke Torcuato Ruiz del Peral tụrụ n'etiti 1750 na 1760.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=213}} Kwa afọ n'oge Izu Nsọ, a na-ewepụta ihe a a tụrụ atụ ma buru ya n'usoro n'okporo ámá Granada. N'oge ngagharị, a na-eburu ya n'elu "ocheeze" ma ọ bụ ikpo okwu nke a kpụrụ akpụ iji yie arcades dị n'Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm.<ref name=":14" />{{Sfn|López|2011|p=213}} Obere ihe fọdụrụ na Alhambra Mosque nke guzo n'oge gara aga na saịtị a, ma e wezụga oriọna ọla nchara mara mma nke echekwara ugbu a nke National Archaeological Museum na Madrid. Dị ka ihe e dere na oriọna a na ihe odide nke Ibn al-Khatib si kwuo, Muhammad nke III nyere ụlọ alakụba ahụ iwu ma wuchaa n'ime 1305.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} A na-edozi isi axis nke ụlọ alakụba ahụ n'akụkụ ''qibla'' dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke kwekọrọ na nhazi nke okporo ụzọ dị n'akụkụ ya. Ihe owuwu ahụ nwere ụlọ nzukọ hypostyle nwere "ụgbọ mmiri" atọ nke ahịrị nke arches atọ kewara. A na-akwado ogidi ndị ahụ site na ogidi marble nwere isi obodo yiri nke oge Cordoban Caliphate na narị afọ nke 10. E ji osisi rụọ elu ụlọ ahụ na ụlọ dị n'etiti, nke dugara na mihrab, nwere uko dị elu karịa ụlọ abụọ ugbo mmiri.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} Minaret dị warara guzo na njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụlọ ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} Mgbe mmeri Ndị Kraịst gasịrị, a gbanwere ụlọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ụka mana ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke 16, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma. E mechara kwatuo ya na 1576, tupu e wuo ụlọ ụka dị ugbu a.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} [[Faịlụ:Rawda_of_the_Alhambra_DSCF8288.jpg|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ na mausoleum ''Rawda'' taa (nke Obí ọdụm guzo n'azụ ya). ]] === N'ozuzu === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}} [[Faịlụ:Patio_de_la_Acequia_(Generalife)_-_DSC07863.JPG|thumb|Patio de la Acequia na Generalife n'ozuzu.]] N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alhambra na n'èzí mgbidi ya bụ Generalife (site na Arabic: جَنَّة الْعَرِيف, Jannat al-'Ārifa), ala obodo nke oge Nasrid nke Muhammad nke Abụọ na Muhammad nke Atọ wuru na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 13 na mmalite nke 14.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2000|pp=155–156}} Ọ nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe n'okpuru ndị ọchịchị Nasrid na ndị na-ewu ụlọ Christian Spanish na narị afọ nke iri na isii. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ nwere akụkụ anọ nwere ogige ndị a chọrọ mma na njedebe ọ bụla. Nnukwu ogige ntụrụndụ mara mma site na narị afọ nke 20 na-anọ n'ebe dị nso n'obí eze mbụ taa. Obí eze Nasrid jikọtara ya na Alhambra site na paseeji nwere mgbidi nke gafere ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti ha.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=219–237}} == Usoro inye mmiri == [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_(5987161547).jpg|thumb|Mmiri nke ''Acequia Real'', nke na-eweta mmiri n'ime mgbidi Alhambra (n'aka nri) ]] ''Acequia del Sultan'' (nke a makwaara dị ka ''Acequia del Rey'' ma ọ bụ ''Acequia Real'') nyere Alhambra na Generalife mmiri, nke ka dị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu taa. Ọ na-adọta mmiri site na Osimiri Darro n'ebe dị elu n'okpuru ugwu Sierra Nevada, ihe dị ka kilomita 6.1 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alhambra.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Otu alaka dị obere nke a maara dị ka ''Acequia del Tercio'' kewara site na ya ọtụtụ kilomita n'elu mmiri wee gaa n'ihu n'ebe dị elu tupu ha eruo n'elu obieze na ogige Generalife. Alaka isi, na-aga n'ihu n'ala dị ala, na-abịakwa n'obieze Generalife ma na-enye mmiri na ''Patio de la Acequia'' ya a ma ama.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Ọwa mmiri abụọ ahụ na-agakarị n'elu ma akụkụ ụfọdụ na-agafe n'ime ọwa mmiri ndị e gwuru kpọmkwem n'ime nkume.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Mgbe ha rutere na Generalife, owa mmiri ahụ tụgharịrị gaa n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ wee gafee ogige ahụ. Ha na-esonyere tupu ha alaghachi na Alhambra, ebe mmiri na-abanye site na mmiri dị n'akụkụ Torre del Agua ('''Mmiri T''ọwa') n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Alhambra.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Site n'ebe a, a na-ebugharị ya site na obodo ahụ site na usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke conduits (acequias) na tankị mmiri (''albercones'') nke na-emepụta mmekọrịta a ma ama nke ìhè, ụda na elu n'obieze. == Ngwongwo akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe osise ==   [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_mosque_lamp_DSCF2980.jpg|thumb|Ọkụ ọkụ ọla nchara sitere na Alhambra Mosque, nke e dere na 1305 (nke dị na National Archaeological Museum). ]] Ọ bụ ezie na mgbidi na ọnụ ụlọ nke Alhambra enweghị arịa ụlọ taa, a ga-achọ ha mma ma jupụta ha na ọtụtụ ihe dịka kapet, ala cushions, na tapestries ma ọ bụ ihe ndị yiri ya a ga-akwụnye na mgbidi.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=32}} Omenala nke ịnọdụ ala n'ala na-akọwa ihe mere ụfọdụ windo dị na miradors ji dị ala, ebe anya nke ndị nọ ọdụ ga-adị.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=32}} Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama dị na Alhambra bụ oriọna ọla nchara nke a kwụnyere n'ime ụlọ alakụba ahụ, nke e dere n'afọ 1305. Akụkụ bụ isi nke oriọna ahụ bụ conical n'ọdịdị, ejikọta ya na ogwe ma ọ bụ ogwe osisi n'elu nke nwere obere akụkụ dị n'etiti. A na-agbaji ọla nchara ahụ iji mepụta ihe odide Arabic na edemede ''Naskhi'' na ndabere nke ihe osise Arabesque. Mgbe mmeri 1492 gasịrị, e weghaara ya ma mee ya akụkụ nke akụ nke Kadinal Cisneros. A na-egosi ya ugbu a na National Archaeological Museum na Madrid, ọ bụ ezie na a na-echekwa ihe yiri ya na Alhambra Museum.<ref name=":43">{{Cite book|author=|first=|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain|title=Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|isbn=0870996371|editor=Dodds|location=New York|pages=|chapter=|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|p=211}} == Mmetụta == === N'ihe owuwu === [[Faịlụ:Hau._Interiors_of_the_Winter_Palace._The_Bathroom_of_Empress_Alexandra_Fyodorovna._1870.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ịsa ahụ Alhambresque nke Empress Alexandra Feodorovna na Winter Palace.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|author=McSweeney|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080|journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture|volume=22|issue=1|pages=44–69|doi=10.1086/683080|issn=2153-5531}}</ref>]] Otụtụ ihe ncheta nke usoro ndị eze Saadian, nke chịrị [[Morocco]] na narị afọ nke 16 na nke 17, yiri ka ọ na-eṅomi prototypes a hụrụ na Alhambra, ọkachasị Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Salmon|first=Xavier|title=Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550–1650|publisher=LienArt|year=2016|isbn=9782359061826|location=Paris|language=fr|pages=92, 268}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Denny|first=Walter B.|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195305135|editor=Esposito|chapter=Alhambra}}</ref> Ihe owuwu ya bụkwa ihe nlereanya e ṅomiri n'ụdị ihe owuwu "Moresque," ụdị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu na Europe na narị afọ nke 19, na mbipụta nke Owen Jones dị mkpa karịsịa n'ịtọlite mmetụta a.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=29–38}} Mgbe Owen Jones bipụtara ''Plans'' (Egwe), ''Elevations (Ogologo Ugwu)'', ''Sections'' ''and'' ''Details'' ''of'' ''the'' ''Alhambra'' (Ike na Megwa) na London site na 1842 ruo 1845, ụdị ụlọ Orientalist mara mma, nke Alhambra kpaliri nke a na-akpọ ''[[Alhambresque]]'' ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na West na narị afọ nke 19.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|author=McSweeney|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080|journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture|volume=22|issue=1|pages=44–69|doi=10.1086/683080|issn=2153-5531}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcSweeney2015">McSweeney, Anna (2015). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 "Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World"]. ''West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture''. '''22''' (1): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>69. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/683080|10.1086/683080]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:2262/108262|2262/108262]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-5531 2153-5531]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 10.1086/683080]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194180597 194180597].</cite></ref> E mesịa tinye ụdị Alhambresque n'Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, n'kedu Ussama Makdisi kpọrọ "Ottoman Orientalism."<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|author=McSweeney|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080|journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture|volume=22|issue=1|pages=44–69|doi=10.1086/683080|issn=2153-5531}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcSweeney2015">McSweeney, Anna (2015). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 "Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World"]. ''West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture''. '''22''' (1): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>69. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/683080|10.1086/683080]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:2262/108262|2262/108262]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-5531 2153-5531]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 10.1086/683080]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194180597 194180597].</cite></ref> Ojiji mbụ nke ihe atụ Alhambresque (dị ka ''sebka'') pụtara ihe n'ụlọ ndị dị n'oge ọchịchị Sultan Abdülaziz (r. 1861–1876) na Istanbul, dịka ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị egwu dị na Beyazıt Square (c. 1865), nke bụ ugbu a ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke Mahadum Istanbul.<ref name=":16" /> Ebe ili ozu nke Fuad Pasha (1869–70), onye letara Alhambra n'onwe ya dịka onye nnọchi anya Ottoman na 1844, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị "Moresque".{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=166}} E jikwa ụdị a mee ihe n'Obí Gezira n'ime Cairo, nke e wuru iji nabata ndị obieze maka mmeghe nke Ọwa Mmiri Suez na 1869. Khedive Isma'il nyere Owen Jones ọrụ imepụta ime ụlọ nke obí a.<ref name=":16" /> Alhambra mekwara ka e nwee ọtụtụ ụlọ: * Isaac M. Wise Temple (ụlọ nzukọ dị na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]]) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kenny, Daniel|date=1875|title=Illustrated Cincinnati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEwRAQAAMAAJ&q=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA106|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201202150/https://books.google.com/books?id=gEwRAQAAMAAJ&q=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA106|archivedate=1 February 2022|accessdate=2013-05-19|publisher=Stevens|pages=106}}</ref> * Villa Zorayda (obodo dị na St. Augustine, [[Florida|Flórida]]) <ref name="Nolan1995">{{Cite book|author=Nolan, David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmklFlgwHC4C&pg=PA46|title=The Houses of St. Augustine|publisher=Pineapple Press Inc|year=1995|isbn=978-1-56164-069-0|accessdate=1 February 2022}}</ref> * Villa Alhambra (obodo dị na [[Malta]]) === Na mgbakọ na mwepụ ===   [[Faịlụ:Tassellatura_alhambra.jpg|thumb|[[Tessellations]] dị ka ndị a kpaliri ọrụ [[M. C. Escher]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|author=Gelgi, Fatih|url=http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Influence-of-Islamic-Art-on-MC-Escher|title=The Influence of Islamic Art on M.C. Escher|journal=The Fountain|issue=76|date=July 2010|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref>]] Tiles Alhambra dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ha nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ha niile, 17 nwere ike ime mgbakọ na mwepụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/math-art-arch.shtml#Symmetry|title=Mathematics in Art and Architecture|publisher=Math.nus.edu.sg|accessdate=4 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507151115/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/math-art-arch.shtml#Symmetry|archivedate=7 May 2015}}</ref> Nleta [[Nleta M. C. Escher|M. C. Escher]] mere na 1922 na ọmụmụ nke ojiji ndị Moor na-eji symmetries eme ihe na tebụl Alhambra kpaliri ọrụ ya na tessellation, nke ọ kpọrọ "nkewa nke ụgbọelu."<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|author=Gelgi, Fatih|url=http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Influence-of-Islamic-Art-on-MC-Escher|title=The Influence of Islamic Art on M.C. Escher|journal=The Fountain|issue=76|date=July 2010|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref>  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}  == Ihe odide ==  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}  * {{Cite book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 1: From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354)|first=Antonio|author=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1997|isbn=978-0-86356-466-6}} * {{Cite book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 2: (1354–1391)|first=Antonio|author=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1998|isbn=978-0-86356-467-3}} * {{Cite book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 3: From 1391 to the Present Day|first=Antonio|author=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1999|isbn=978-0-86356-589-2}} * Grabar, Oleg (1978). The ''Alhambra''. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. * {{Cite book|author=Jacobs|first=Michael|title=Alhambra|year=2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-2518-3}} * Lowney, Chris (2005). A Vanished World: Oge Ọlaedo nke Enlightenment nke Spain nke oge ochie. New York: Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, Inc. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ihe ịchọ mma nke Ụwa''. Boston: Obere, Brown na Company. * Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2000). Ogige, Ala, na Ọhụụ na Obí nke Islamic Spain, Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University Press. * Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2008). "Alhambra," na Encyclopaedia of Islam, mbipụta nke atọ. Leiden: E. J. Brill. * Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2011). Ogige na Ala Alakụba. Mahadum nke Pennsylvania Press. * {{Cite journal|date=September 2016|doi=10.1093/jis/etw016|title=The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=355–382|author=García-Pulido|first=Luis José}}  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}} * Official website * [http://www.turgranada.es/en/fichas/la-alhambra-16621/ Alhambra na turgranada.es] Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị maka njem nleta nke mpaghara Granada. * Paul F. Hoye, 1967, The [https://web.archive.org/web/20150106161348/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/196703/the.alhambra.htm Alhambra], ''Saudi Aramco World'' * Murphy, James Cavanah, 1816, The [https://web.archive.org/web/20190617152325/http://&#x3C;i&#x20;id= islamic-arts.org/2012/the-alhamra-at-granada/" id="mwEyM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Alhamra (Alhambra) na Granada], islamic-arts.org * [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/45966/rec/1 Al-Andalus: nka nke Islam Spain], akwụkwọ ngosi sitere na The Metropolitan Museum of Art (nke zuru oke n'ịntanetị dị ka PDF), nke nwere ihe gbasara Alhambra (lee ndepụta)   <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}   [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aszcr5t13qlrqe6x78buwvj8xbmbwww 655921 655919 2026-06-16T16:55:19Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Ce 655921 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[Faịlụ:Dawn Charles V Palace Alhambra Granada Andalusia Spain.jpg|thumb|407x407px|Alhambra]] Alhambra (/ælˈhæmbrə/, ; Arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) bụ ụlọ obí na ebe ewusiri ike dị na Granada, Spain. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mou ama ama nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alakụba na naanị ụlọ echekwara nke ọma site na ụwa Alakụba mgbe ochie.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=151}} Na mgbakwunye, obí ahụ nwere ihe atụ ama atụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Renaissance Spanish.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}</ref> Ihe owuwu nke ihe Alhambra ahụ malitere n'ime 1238 OA n'aka Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, eze Nasrid mbụ na onye guzobere Emir nke Granada, steeti ndị Alakụba ikpeazụ nke al-Andalus.<ref name=":05222">{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}</ref> E wuru ya n'elu ugwu Sabika, nke bụ ebe e wusiri ike na narị afọ nke iri na otu nke Samuel ibn Naghrillah.<ref name=":05222" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ọchịchị Nasrid nọgidere na-agbanwe saịtị ahụ. Mgbasa ozi owuwu kachasị mkpa, nke nyere obieze ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịdị ha, mere na narị afọ nke iri na anọ n'oge ọchịchị Yusuf I na Muhammad V.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=234–237}} Mgbe ngwụcha nke Christian Reconquista na 1492, ebee ahụ ghọrọ Royal Court ya Ferdinand na Isabella (ebee Christopher Columbus nwetara nkwado eze maka njem ya), a gbanwekwara obieze. N'ime 1526, Charles V nyere iwu ka a wuo obieze ọhụrụ nke Renaissance na obieze Nasrid. Alhambra dara n'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, ụlọ ya bụ ndị squatters. Ndị agha [[Napoleon]] bibiri akụkụ ya na 1812. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Alhambra ghọrọ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka ndị njem [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà]], na ndị njem Romant ndị ọzọ na [[Obodo Békè]]. Onye kachasị emetụta ha bụ Washington Irving, onye ya ''Tales of the Alhambra'' (1832) dọtara uche mba ụwa na saịtị ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=|pp=301–303}} Alhambra bụ otu n'ime ihe ncheta ndị Alakụba mbụ ghọrọ ihe ọmụmụ sayensị nke oge a ma bụrụkwa isiokwu nke ọtụtụ mweghachi kemgbe narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=238–239}} Ọ bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime [[Spain]] na [[UNESCO]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}</ref> N'oge Nasrid, Alhambra bụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke dị iche na Granada ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ntụrụndụ nke obodo ndị [[Àlakụ̀ba]] dị ka Ụlọ alakụba Friday, hammams (ebe ịsa ahụ ọha na eze), okporo ụzọ, ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ aka, ụlọ akpụkpọ anụ, na usoro mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=201–215}} Dị ka obodo eze na obodo ukwu, o nwere ọ dịkarịa ala nnukwu obieze isii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'akụkụ ugwu ebee ha nyere iwu ka a hụ mpaghara Albaicín.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} Ndị a ma ama na nị a na-echekwa nke ọma bụ Mexuar, Obí Comares, Obí ọdụm, na Obí Partal, nke bụ isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị ọbịa taa. A maara obí eze ndị ọzọ site na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'oge a.{{Sfn|López|2011}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alhambra bụ Ebe e wusiri ike nke Alcazaba. Ọtụtụ obere ụlọ elu na ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị e wusiri ike dịkwa n'akụkụ mgbidi Alhambra. N'èzí mgbidi Alhambra ma dị nso n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Generalife, ebe bụbu obodo Nasrid na obieze n'oge ọkọchị nke nwere ogige mkpụrụ osisi akụkọ ihe mere eme na ogige ntụrụndụ nke oge a.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}} Ihe owuwu nke obieze Nasrid na-egosipụta ọdịnala nke ihe owuwu Moor mepụtara na narị afọ ndị gara aga.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=}} A na-akọwa ya site n'iji ogige ahụ eme ihe dị ka oghere dị n'etiti na isi nke a haziri ụlọ nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ gburugburu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Ogige na-enwekarị ihe ndị dị na mmiri n'etiti ha, dị ka ọdọ mmiri na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ isi iyi. A na-elekwasị anya n'ime ụlọ ahụ ma jiri mosaics tebụl mee ya na mgbidi ndị dị n'okpuru na stucco a tụrụ atụ na mgbidi elu. Ihe osise geometric, ihe osise ahịhịa, na ihe odide [[Arabic]] bụ ụdị ihe ịchọ mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-eji ihe osise "stalactite"-dị ka ''muqarnas'', maka ihe atọ dị ka uko ụlọ.{{Sfn|López|2011}} [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_evening_panorama_Mirador_San_Nicolas_sRGB-1.jpg|alt=|thumb|450x450px|Panorama nke Alhambra site na Mirador de San Nicolas. Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: Generalife, ugwu Veleta, Obí Nasrid, Obí Charles V, na Alcazaba.]] [[Faịlụ:Night_view_of_Alhambra,_Granada_from_Mirador_de_San_Nicolas.jpg|thumb|450x450px|Ebe a na-ahụ Alhambra n'abalị site na Mirador de San Nicolas.]]   == Okwu mmalite == ''Alhambra'' sitere ya [[Arabic]], nke pụtara lit. 'onye na-acha ọbara ọbara' (f.), ụdị zuru ezu nke bụ الْقَلْعَة أْحَمْرَاءُ ''al-Qalʻah al-Ḥamrāʼ '' "ebe e wusiri ike (qal'a)."<ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref><ref name=":242">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor-last=Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan M.|language=en|chapter=Granada|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref> "Al-" ya "Alhambra" pụtara "nke" na Arabic, mana a na-eleghara nke a anya n'ozuzu na Bekee na Spanish, ebe a na-enyekarị aha ahụ isiokwu doro anya. Ihe a na-ezo aka na agba "red" n'aha ahụ bụ n'ihi ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara nke mgbidi ya, nke e ji ájá rammed rụọ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=234}} Agba na-acha uhie uhie sitere na [[Iron]] oxide na ụrọ a na-eji maka ụdị ihe owuwu a.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=41}} Ọtụtụ n'ime aha ndị a na-eji taa maka ihe owuwu na ebe ụfọdụ n'ime Alhambra bụ aha ndị e chepụtara echepụta mgbe Oge etiti oge gasịrị, mgbe mgbe na narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} A maghị aha Arabic mbụ nke ụlọ ndị Nasrid, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta atụwo aro njikọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ụfọdụ na ụfọdụ n'ime aha ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkọ ihe mere eme.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Mmalite na akụkọ ihe mere eme === [[Faịlụ:Aa_old_gateway_across_rio_darro_in_albaicin_in_granada.jpg|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ na Puente del Cadí (nke bụbu ''Bāb al-Difāf''), mgbidi Zirid 11 nke mere ka ndị agha nọ n'ugwu Sabika nwee ike ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ n'oge nnọchibido]] Ihe akaebe maka ọnụnọ ndị [[Rom]] edoghị anya mana ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie achọtawo ihe ndị fọdụrụ na ntọala oge ochie n'elu ugwu Sabika.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=293}} E nwere ebe e wusiri ike maọbụ obodo ukwu, nke nwere ike ịbụ site n'oge Visigothic, dị n'elu ugwu ahụ na 9.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> Ebe mbụ a kpọtụrụ ''Qal'at al-Ḥamra'' aha bụ n'oge agha dị n'etiti ndị Arab na ndị Muladies n'oge ọchịchị 'Abdallah ibn Muhammad (r. 888-912). Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị dị ndụ si kwuo n'oge ahụ, ụlọ elu ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara dị obere, mgbidi ya enweghị ike igbochi ndị agha na-ezube mmeri. Ebee mbụ a kpọtụrụ ''al-Ḥamrāʼ ''aha bụ n'ahịrị nke uri agbakwunyere na akụ a gbagburu mgbidi, nke Ibn Hayyan dere (nwụrụ 1076)   Na mbido 11, ndị Zirids, otu Sanhaja Berber na nkewa nke Zirids na-achịkwa mpaghara Granada. Mgbe Caliphate nke Córdoba dara mgbe 1009 gasịrị na Fitna (agha obodo) malitere, onye ndú Zirid Zawi ben Ziri guzobere alaeze nwere onwe ya, Taifa nke Granada.<ref name=":05222">{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}</ref> Ndị Zirids wuru obodo ukwu na obieze ha, nke a maara dị ka ''al-Qaṣaba al-Qadīma'' ("Old Citadel" ma ọ bụ "Old Palace"), n'elu ugwu nke ndị agbata obi Albaicín bi ugbu a.<ref name=":05222" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> E jikọtara ya na ebe abụọ ndị ọzọ e wusiri ike na Sabika na Mauror ugwu ndị dị n'ebe ndịda.<ref name=":052222">{{Cite book|last=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|chapter=Granada|issn=1873-9830|editor2-last=Krämer|editor2-first=Gudrun|editor3-last=Matringe|editor3-first=Denis|editor4-last=Nawas|editor4-first=John|editor5-last=Rowson|editor5-first=Everett}}</ref><ref name=":24" /> N'Osimiri Darro, n'etiti obodo Zirid na ugwu Sabika, e nwere ọnụ ụzọ a na-akpọ ''Bāb al-Difāf'' ("Ọnụ Ụzọ nke Tambourines"), nke enwere ike imechi iji jide mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá a bụ akụkụ nke mgbidi jikọtara obodo Zirid na ebe e wusiri ike na ugwu Sabika ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke ''coracha'' (site na Arabic ''qawraja''), ụdị mgbidi na-enye ndị agha si n'ebe e wusiri anya ohere ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ ma weghachite mmiri ọbụna n'oge nnọchibido. E mechara jiri ebe e wusiri ike n'ugwu Sabika, nke a makwaara dị ka ''al-Qasaba al-Jadida'' ("New Citadel"), mee ihe maka ntọala nke Alcazaba nke Alhambra ugbu a.<ref name=":24" /> N'okpuru ndị eze Zirid Habbus ibn Maksan na Badis, onye kachasị ike n'alaeze ahụ bụ onye nchịkwa [[Jew|Ndị Juu]] a maara dị ka Samuel ha-Nagid (n'Asụsụ Hibru) ma ọ bụ Isma'il ibn Nagrilla (n'Arabic).<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Catlos|first=Brian A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKBfDwAAQBAJ&dq=kingdoms+of+faith&pg=PP1|title=Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain|publisher=Basic Books|year=2018|isbn=9780465055876|location=New York|pages=216–220|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref> Samuel wuru obieze nke ya n'elu ugwu Sabika, ikekwe n'ebe obieze dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ihe fọdụrụ na ya. A kọrọ na ọ gụnyere ogige na ihe ndị dị na mmiri. === Oge Nasrid === [[Faịlụ:Detalle_de_la_pared_de_la_Sala_del_Mexuar._La_Alhambra,_Granada.«Sólo_Dios_es_vencedor».JPG|thumb|Ihe odide ndị Àlakụ̀ba na Mexuar Hall: "Ọ dịghị onye mmeri ma e wezụga Chineke", ụkpụrụ nke usoro ndị eze Nasrid ji mee ihe.{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=139}}]] Oge nke Alaeze Taifa, n'oge ndị Zirids chịrị, bịara na njedebe site na mmeri nke al-Andalus site na Ndị Almoravid si North Africa n'oge ngwụcha narị afọ nke 11. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na abụọ, ndị Almohads sochiri ha. Mgbe 1228 gasịrị, ọchịchị Almohad dara ma ndị ọchịchị na òtù ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ pụtara ọzọ gafee ókèala nke al-Andalus.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=265–267}} Site na Reconquista na-aga n'ihu, alaeze ndị Kraịst nke Castile na Aragon - n'okpuru ndị eze Ferdinand nke Atọ na James nke Mbụ, n'otu n'otu - mere nnukwu mmeri gafee al-Andalus. Castile weghaara Cordoba n'ime 1236 na Seville n'ime 1248. Ka ọ dịgodị, Ibn al-Ahmar (Muhammad I) guzobere ihe ghọrọ usoro [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Àlakụ̀ba]] ikpeazụ na nke kachasị ogologo oge na mpaghara ala Iberian, Ndị Nasrid, bụ ndị chịrị Emirate nke Granada.<ref name=":82">{{Cite book|author=Bosworth|first=Clifford Edmund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mKpz_2CkoWEC&q=new+islamic+dynasties|title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780748696482|location=|pages=|chapter=The Nasrids or Banu 'l-Ahmar|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref> Ibn al-Ahmar bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ na mpaghara ahụ ma eleghị anya o si n'ezinụlọ dị ala, mana o nwere ike inweta nkwado na nkwenye nke ọtụtụ ebe obibi ndị Àlakụ̀ba n'okpuru egwu site na ọganihu Castilian.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=266, 274–276}} Mgbe o biri na Granada na 1238, Ibn al-Ahmar biri na mbụ na obodo ochie nke Zirids na ugwu Albaicin, mana n'otu afọ ahụ ọ malitere iwu Alhambra dị ka ebe obibi ọhụrụ na obodo ọhụrụ.<ref name=":05222">{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref> N'oge ọchịchị nke Nasrid Dynasty, Alhambra gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ obodo palatine, juputara na usoro ịgba mmiri nke nwere [[aquaduct]] na ọwa mmiri na-enye mmiri maka mgbagwoju anya na maka ụlọ ndị ọzọ dị nso dị ka [[Generalife]].{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Na mbụ, ebe ewusiri ike ochie ndị dị n'ugwu ahụ dabere na mmiri ozuzo nke anakọtara site n'olulu mmiri dị nso na Alcazaba na ihe a ga-esi naOsimiri Darro n'okpuru.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=García-Pulido|first=Luis José|date=2016-06-20|title=The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra|url=https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=355–382|doi=10.1093/jis/etw016|issn=0955-2340|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220227/https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last=Martín|first=Adelaida Martín|date=2019|title=A New Architectural Approach to the Alcazaba and the Torre del Homenaje|url=https://cuadernosdelaalhambra.alhambra-patronato.es/index.php/cdalhambra/issue/view/1|journal=Cuadernos de la Alhambra|volume=48|pages=175–199|access-date=11 April 2022|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228183424/http://cuadernosdelaalhambra.alhambra-patronato.es/index.php/cdalhambra/issue/view/1|url-status=live}}</ref> Okike nke ọwa mmiri Sultan (Arabic: ساقلتة السلطان, romanized: Saqiyat al-Sultan), bụ nke wetara mmiri sitere na ugwu dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, mere ka amata nke Alhambra siri dị ka obodo-obí kama ịbụ ihe nchebe na ihe owuwu. A na-agbasawanye usoro hydraulic nke mbụ na gụnye ọwa mmiri abụọ ogologo ya ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ elu dị elu iji weta mmiri na ala dị larịị.<ref name=":92">{{Cite journal|last=García-Pulido|first=Luis José|date=2016-06-20|title=The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra|url=https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=355–382|doi=10.1093/jis/etw016|issn=0955-2340|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220227/https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/27/3/355/2458957|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nanị ihe echekwara site n'oge Ibn al-Ahmar bụ ụfọdụ mgbidi mgbidi, ọkachasị Alcazaba na njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya ahụ.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} Ibn al-Ahmar enweghị oge iji wuchaa nnukwu obieze ọhụrụ ọ bụla ma ọ nwere ike ibi na mbụ n'otu n'ime ụlọ elu nke Alcazaba, tupu ọ kwaga n'ụlọ dị ala n'ebe Obieze Charles V dị ugbu a.{{Sfn|Cabanelas Rodríguez|1992|p=129}} Mgbe e mesịrị ndị ọchịchị Nasrid mgbe Ibn al-Ahmar nọgidere na-agbanwe saịtị ahụ. Tinyere ihe ndị na-emebi emebi n'onwe ha, nke chọrọ nrụzi mgbe niile, nke a na-eme ka usoro oge nke mmepe ya sie ike ikpebi.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}} [[Faịlụ:Partal_Alto_DSCF7876.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ ugbu a nke Palacio del Partal Alto, obieze nke Muhammad II wuru (r. 1273-1302) ]] Obieze kachasị ochie nke e chebere ụfọdụ ihe fọdụrụnụ bụ ihe owuwu a maara dị ka Palacio del Partal Alto, n'ebe dị elu dị nso n'etiti etiti nke ihe owuwu ahụ, nke nwere ike ịbụ site na ọchịchị nwa Ibn al-Ahmar, Muhammad nke Abụọ (r. 1273-1302).''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' N'ebe ndịda bụ obí nke Abencerrajes, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ obieze ọzọ, nke a maara dị ka obí nke Convent nke San Francisco, nke abụọ a nwere ike iwuru n'oge Muhammad II.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Muhammad III (r. 1302-1309) wuru obí obí, akụkụ ya ka guzo taa, yana nnukwu ụlọ alakụba Alhambra (n'ebe Chọọchị Santa Maria de la Alhambra dị ugbu a)''.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}'' Obí Partal bụ obieze mbụ a maara nke e wuru n'akụkụ mgbidi ugwu nke ụlọ ahụ, na-ahụ obodo ahụ n'okpuru.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Ọ bụkwa obieze Nasrid kacha ochie ka guzo taa.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=The Partal|url=https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/the-partal|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife|language=en-US|archivedate=29 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129154039/https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/the-partal}}</ref> Isma'il I (r. 1314-1325) mere mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama nke Alhambra. Ọchịchị ya gosipụtara mmalite nke oge "nke ochie" nke ụlọ Nasrid, n'oge a malitere ọtụtụ ihe ncheta dị mkpa na Alhambra ma mee ka ụdị ịchọ mma sie ike.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=261}} Isma'il kpebiri iwu obieze ọhụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alcazaba ka ọ bụrụ obieze nke sultan na steeti, nke a maara dị ka ''Qaṣr al-Sultan'' ma ọ bụ ''Dār al-Mulk''.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=261}} Isi ihe owuwu a bụ Obí Comares, ebe akụkụ ọzọ nke obí ahụ, Mexuar, gbatịrị gaa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. {{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=236–238}} Comares Baths bụ ihe kachasị echekwa site na owuwu mbụ a, ebe ndị nọchiri ya gbanwere obieze ndị ọzọ. N'akụkụ nnukwu ụlọ alakụba Isma'il I mepụtara ''Rawda'', ebe a na-eli ozu nke ndị Nasrids, nke naanị akụkụ ya ka echekwara.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Yusuf I (r. 1333-1354) rụrụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na Obí Comares, gụnyere iwu Ụlọ Nzukọ nke ndị Nnọchiteanya na ọrụ ndị ọzọ gburugburu Mexuar ugbu a. O wukwara ọnụ ụzọ ámá Alhambra, Puerta de la Justicia, na Torre de la Cautiva, otu n'ime ọtụtụ obere ụlọ elu nwere ọnụ ụlọ ndị a chọrọ mma nke ọma n'akụkụ mgbidi ugwu.''{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}'' [[Faịlụ:Court_of_the_Lions,_Alhambra_by_Juan_Laurent.jpg|thumb|Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm ya 1871. E wuru obieze a, nke a ka na-echekwa taa, n'oge ọchịchị nke abụọ nke [[Muhammad V]](1362-1391).]] Ọchịchị Muhammad V (1354-1391) gosipụtara ọganihu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịbendị nke Nasrid emirate yana ọganihu nke ụlọ Nasrid.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Karịsịa n'oge ọchịchị ya nke abụọ (mgbe 1362 gasịrị), e nwere mgbanwe ejiji gaa na nhazi ụlọ ọhụrụ na ojiji dị ukwuu nke ''muqarnas'' vaulting.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Enyemaka ya kachasị mkpa na Alhambra bụ iwu Obí Nke Odụm n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Obí Comares n'ógbè ebe ogige ndị bibu. Ọ rụgharịrị Mexuar, mepụta "Comares Façade" a chọrọ mma nke ukwuu na Patio del Cuarto Dorado, ma chọọ Ụlọikpe nke Myrtles mma, na-enye ebe ndị a ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịdị ikpeazụ ha.''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=236, 265, 269, 273}}'' Mgbe Muhammad V gasịrị, obere ọrụ owuwu dị ukwuu mere na Alhambra. Otu ihe pụrụ iche bụ Torre de las Infantas, nke sitere n'oge Muhammad VII (1392-1408).''{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}}'' Na narị afọ 15, usoro ndị eze Nasrid na-ada ada na ọgba aghara, na-enwe ọrụ owuwu ole na ole dị mkpa na ụdị na-emegharị ugboro ugboro, nke na-adịchaghị ọhụrụ.''{{Sfn|López|2011|p=295}}'' === ''Reconquista'' na oge Ndị Kraịst Spanish === Sultan ikpeazụ nke Nasrid, Muhammad XI nke Spain, nyefere Emirate nke Granada na Jenụwarị 1492, na-enweghị mwakpo Alhambra n'onwe ya, mgbe ndị agha nke Ndị eze Katọlik, Eze Ferdinand nke Abụọ nke Aragon na Eze Nwanyị Isabella nke Castile, weghaara ókèala gbara ya gburugburu na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu. Muhammad nke XI wepụrụ ozu ndị nna nna ya n'ụlọ ahụ, dịka Leopoldo Torres Balbás gosipụtara na 1925, mgbe ọ hụrụ ili iri asaa tọgbọ chakoo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://granadaonly.com/en/historic/alhambra-sultans-their-tombs/|title=Alhambra sultans: Their tombs|date=5 April 2019|accessdate=18 June 2020|archivedate=20 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620235028/https://granadaonly.com/en/historic/alhambra-sultans-their-tombs/}}</ref> O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-adị ugbu a na Mondújar n'Lecrín.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ciceronegranada.com/en/blog/alhambras-monarchs-buried/|title=Where are the Alhambra's monarchs buried?|date=21 August 2017|accessdate=18 June 2020|archivedate=17 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617110828/https://www.ciceronegranada.com/en/blog/alhambras-monarchs-buried/}}</ref> Mgbe mmeri ahụ gasịrị, Alhambra ghọrọ obieze na ihe onwunwe nke Crown Spanish. Isabella na Ferdinand biri ebe a ma nọrọ na Granada ọtụtụ ọnwa, ruo na 25 Mee 1492.{{Sfn|Vincent|2021|p=168}} Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ihe abụọ dị mkpa mere. Na 31 Machị, ndị eze bịanyere aka na Iwu Alhambra, nke nyere iwu ka a chụpụ ndị Juu niile nọ na Spain bụ ndị jụrụ ịtọghata.{{Sfn|Vincent|2021|p=168}}{{Sfn|Coleman|2013|p=38}} Christopher Columbus, onye nọkwa ebe ahụ iji hụ nraranye nke Granada, gosipụtara atụmatụ ya maka Njem gafee Atlantic nye ndị eze na Hall ya Ambassadors na 17 Eprelu ha bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nke setịpụrụ usoro maka njem ahụ nke rutere [[Amerikas|Amerịkas]] n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.{{Sfn|Vincent|2021|p=168}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=1, 16–17}} [[Faịlụ:La_Alzaba_de_la_Alhambra_17.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Nke Torre de la Polvóra na Alcazaba, ihe atụ nke ụlọ elu e ji mgbidi ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ mee ka ọ dịkwuo ike na narị afọ nke iri na isii iji chebe onwe ya nke ọma megide artillery nke oge a.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=91–92}}]] Ndị ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Ndị Kraịst malitere ịgbakwunye na ime mgbanwe n'obieze. E nyere ezinụlọ Tendilla ọchịchị nke Alhambra, bụ ndị e nyere otu n'ime obieze Nasrid, Palacio del Partal Alto (n'akụkụ Obí Partal), iji mee ihe dị ka ebe obibi ezinụlọ. Iñigo López de Mendoza na Quiñones (d. 1515), Count nke abụọ nke Tendilla, nọ n'etiti ndị Ferdinand nke Abụọ mgbe Muhammad XI nyefere mkpịsị ugodi nke Alhambra wee bụrụ gọvanọ mbụ nke Alhambla.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=297–298}} Ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 24 mgbe mmeri ahụ gasịrị, ọ rụziri ma gbanwee mgbidi ya iji chebe ya nke ọma megide mwakpo ogbunigwe. E wuru ma ọ bụ wusie ọtụtụ ụlọ elu na mgbidi - dị ka Torre de Siete Suelos, Torre de las Cabezas, na Torres Bermejas - n'oge a, dị ka a hụrụ site na mgbakwunye nke mgbidi gburugburu.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=297–298}} N'afọ 1512, e nyekwara Count ihe onwunwe nke Mondéjar ma mesịa nyefee aha Marquis nke Mondéhar n'aka ụmụ ya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=297–298}} [[Faịlụ:Granada._Alhambra._Palacio_Carlos_V_LCCN2017660754.jpg|thumb|Obieze nke Charles V, nke a malitere na 1527 mana a hapụrụ ya mgbe 1637. Foto a nke 1890 na-egosi elu ụlọ ahụ ka na-efu n'elu ala.]] Charles V (r. 1516-1556) gara Alhambra n'elu 1526 ya na nwunye ya Isabella nke Portugal wee kpebie ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi eze ya. O wughachiri ma ọ bụ gbanwee akụkụ nke obieze Nasrid ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ eze, usoro nke malitere na 1528 ma wuchaa na 1537.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=149–159}} Ọ kwatuo akụkụ nke Obí Comares iji mee ka nnukwu obí ọhụrụ, nke a maara dị ka Obí Charles V, nke e mere n'udị Renaissance nke oge ahụ. A malitere iwu obieze ahụ n'afọ 1527 mana emesịrị hapụ ya ka ọ ghara ịrụcha mgbe afọ 1637 gasịrị.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=69–70}} Gọvanọ nke ezinụlọ Tendilla-Mondéjar bịara ná njedebe na 1717-1718, mgbe Philip V weghaara ihe onwunwe ezinụlọ ahụ na Alhambra ma chụpụ Marquis nke Mondéjar, José de Mendoza Ibáñez de Segovia (1657-1734), n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi obodo (''alcaide'') nke Alhambra, na mmegwara maka Marquis na-emegide ya na Agha nke Spanish Succession.{{Sfnm|López|2011|Dickie|1992|1p=299|2pp=148–149}} Ọpụpụ nke ezinụlọ Tendilla-Mondéjar gosipụtara mmalite nke oge kachasị njọ nke ọdịda Alhambra. N'oge a, steeti Spain wepụtara ihe onwunwe ole na ole nye ya na njikwa ya bụ nke ndị gọvanọ mpaghara nwere ọdịmma onwe ha na ezinụlọ ha bi n'ime obieze ndị a leghaara anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=299}} N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, Alhambra mebiri emebi. N'agbata afọ 1810 na 1812 ndị agha Napoleon weghaara Granada n'oge Agha Peninsular.{{sfn|RingSalkinLa Boda|1995|p=298}} Ndị agha France, n'okpuru iwu nke Count Sebastiani, weghaara Alhambra dị ka ebe e wusiri ike ma mebie ihe ncheta ahụ nke ukwuu.{{sfn|López|2011|p=301}} Mgbe ha hapụrụ obodo mepere mepe ahụ, ha nwara imebi ihe owuwu ahụ dum iji gbochie ya ka a ghara iji ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka ebe e wusiri ike. Ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbasa ụlọ elu asatọ tupu onye agha Spain bụ José Garcia emebie fuses fọdụrụnụ, onye omume ya zọpụtara ihe fọdụrụ taa.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=301}} N'afọ 1821, ala ọma jijiji mere ka mmebi ọzọ.<ref name="Chisholm" /> Na mbido narị afọ nke 19, a kọwara ebe ahụ dị ka ebe ndị mkpọrọ, ndị agha nwere nkwarụ na ndị ọzọ a chụpụrụ achụpụ bi.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=302}} === Nweghachi na mweghachi nke oge a === [[Faịlụ:Weeks_Edwin_Lord_A_Court_in_The_Alhambra_in_the_Time_of_the_Moors.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|''A Court in the Alhambra at the Time of the Moors'', Edwin Lord Weeks, 1876]] Ka ọ na-erule ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ 18, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị ọrụ Spanish malitere idepụta ọdịdị Alhambra na nkọwa ya.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=23–24}} Ka ọ na-erule afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ 19, ndị edemede ndị ọzọ na Europe malitere ịdọrọ uche gaa na ya ma saịtị ahụ mechara bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka ndị edemede Romanticist nke ọdịda anyanwụ, ndị akwụkwọ ha na-achọkarị ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụlọ mara mma nke obieze ndị Moor n'oge gara aga na ọnọdụ ha ugbu a nke mbibi na ileghara anya.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=22–25}} Nke a dakọtara na mmasị na-arịwanye elu nke ndị Europe n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (Orientialism), nke gbara ume ka a kwusie ike na exoticism na àgwà "ọwụwa Awụwa Aụla Anyanwụ" nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=302}} Ọ bụ ndị edemede French, British, na German duziri nchọpụta a nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=22}} N'afọ 1830, onye edemede America bụ Washington Irving biri na Granada ma dee Tales of the Alhambra, nke e bipụtara na 1832, nke keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mmasị mba ụwa na ndịda Spain na ihe ncheta oge Islam dị ka Alhambra.{{sfn|RingSalkinLa Boda|1995|p=298}} Ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi, dị ka John Frederick Lewis, Richard Ford, François-René de Chateaubriand, na Owen Jones, nyere aka mee ka Alhambra bụrụ ihe ngosi nke oge ahụ na ihe odide na ihe osise ha n'oge narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=|pp=144–157, 164–167}} [[Faịlụ:-Courtyard_of_the_Lions,_Alhambra,_Granada-_MET_DP366396.jpg|thumb|Pavilion dị n'Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm na foto nke narị afọ nke 19, na-egosi "ọwụwa anyanwụ" dome nke Rafael Contreras gbakwunyere na 1859, mgbe e mesịrị Leopoldo Torres Balbás wepụrụ ya.]] Ọrụ mweghachi na Alhambra malitere na 1828 n'aka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ José Contreras, nke Ferdinand VII nyere na 1830. Mgbe ọnwụ Contreras na 1847, nwa ya nwoke Rafael (nwụrụ n'afọ 1890) na nwa nwa ya Mariano Contreras (nwụrụ n'afo 1912) gara n'ihu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alhambra {{!}} Palace, Fortress, Facts, Map, & Pictures {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Alhambra-fortress-Granada-Spain|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=www.britannica.com|language=en|archivedate=29 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129174214/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Alhambra-fortress-Granada-Spain}}</ref> Ndị ezinụlọ Contreras nọgidere na-abụ ndị na-ewu ụlọ na ndị na-elekọta Alhambra ruo n'afọ 1907.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} N'oge a, ha na-agbaso n'ozuzu echiche nke "nweghachi ọdịdị", nke na-akwado iwu na mgbakwunye nke ihe iji mee ka ihe ncheta "zuru ezu" mana ọ bụghị na ọ kwekọrọ na eziokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme ọ bụla. Ha gbakwunyere ihe ndị ha weere na ha na-anọchite anya ihe ha chere na ọ bụ "ụdị Arabic", na-emesi Alhambra ike na ọ bụ onye "Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ". Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1858-1859 Rafael Contreras na Juan Pugnaire gbakwunyere ogidi dị gburugburu nke yiri nke ndị Peshia na Court of the Lions na n'ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke Court of the Myrtles, ọ bụ ezie na ndị a enweghị ihe jikọrọ ha na ụlọ Nasrid.'''{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=30–31}}''' N'afọ 1868, Mgbanwe ọchịchị wepụrụ Isabella II na gọọmentị weghaara ihe onwunwe nke ndị eze Spain, gụnyere Alhambra. N'afọ 1870, a mara Alhambra dị ka Ihe Ncheta Mba nke Spain ma steeti ahụ wepụtara mmefu ego maka nchekwa ya, nke Kọmitii Ncheta nke Provincial na-elekọta.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=305}} A họpụtara Mariano Contreras, onye ikpeazụ n'ime ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Contreras ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nchedo nke Alhambra, dị ka onye nlekọta ụlọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1890. Ọchịchị ya bụ nke esemokwu na atụmatụ nchekwa ya dọtara nkatọ site n'aka ndị ọchịchị ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Mariano Contreras Granja {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/44265/mariano-contreras-granja|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=dbe.rah.es|archivedate=25 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225210400/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/44265/mariano-contreras-granja}}</ref> Na Septemba 1890, ọkụ gbara akụkụ dị ukwuu nke Sala de la Barca na Comares Palace, nke gosipụtara adịghị ike nke saịtị ahụ.<ref name=":10" />{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=303–304}} E nyere iwu ka e dee akụkọ n'afọ 1903. Nke a dugara n'ịmepụta "Ụlọ Ọrụ Pụrụ Iche" na 1905. E nyere Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche nlekọta nchekwa na mweghachi nke Alhambra. N'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enweghị ike ịchịkwa ya n'ihi esemokwu ya na Contreras.<ref name=":10" />{{Sfn|López|2011|p=|pp=304–305}} N'afọ 1907, e ji Modesto Cendoya dochie Mariano Contreras, onye a katọrọ ọrụ ya. Cendoya malitere ọtụtụ igwu ala na-achọ ihe ọhụrụ mana ọ na-ahapụkarị ọrụ ndị a na-akwụsịbeghị. O weghachiri ụfọdụ ihe dị mkpa nke saịtị ahụ, dị ka usoro mmiri, mana leghaara ndị ọzọ anya.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book|author=Ruggles|first=D. Fairchild|title=Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Honor of Renata Holod|publisher=Brill|year=2014|isbn=978-90-04-28028-1|editor=Roxburgh|pages=1–21|chapter=Inventing the Alhambra}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Modesto Tiburcio Cendoya Busquets {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=dbe.rah.es|archivedate=25 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225210402/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} N'ihi esemokwu na-aga n'ihu na Cendoya, a gbasara Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche na 1913 ma jiri kansụl (Patronato) nke Alhambra dochie ya na 1914, nke a na-ebo ebubo ọzọ na ọ na-elekọta nchekwa nke saịtị ahụ na ọrụ Cendoya. N'afọ 1915, e jikọtara ya na Directorate-General of Fine Arts nke Ministry of Public Education (mgbe e mesịrị Ministry of National Education). <ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} Dị ka Mariano Contreras tupu ya, Cendoya gara n'ihu na-ese okwu na ndị nlekọta na igbochi ''Nchịkwa'' ha. E mechara chụpụ ya n'ọkwa ya n'afọ 1923.<ref name=":12" />    Mgbe Cendoya gasịrị, a họpụtara Leopoldo Torres Balbás dị ka onye isi na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ site na 1923 ruo 1936. Nhọpụta nke Torres Balbás, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie a zụrụ azụ na onye na-Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, gosipụtara mgbanwe doro anya na usoro sayensị na usoro maka nchekwa Alhambra.<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|title=Modesto Tiburcio Cendoya Busquets {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets|access-date=2022-02-25|website=dbe.rah.es|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225210402/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/47303/modesto-tiburcio-cendoya-busquets|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} Ọ kwadoro ụkpụrụ nke 1931 Athens Charter maka nke Restoration ya Monuments, nke kwusiri ike na mmezi mgbe niile, nkwanye ùgwù maka ọrụ nke oge gara aga, nchebe iwu maka ihe ncheta ihe nketa, na ikike nke usoro na ihe ndị dị n'oge a na mweghachi ma ọ bụrụhaala na ndị a bụ ndị a na-ahụ anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}} Ọrụ ya metụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ dị na Alhambra. A gbanwere ụfọdụ n'ime mgbanwe na mgbakwunye ndị na-ezighị ezi nke ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Contreras.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=135, 142}}{{sfn|Irwin|2004|p=30}} Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eto eto "meghere oghere ndị e ji mgbidi mechie, gwupụtaghachi ọdọ mmiri jupụtara, dochie tebụl ndị na-efu efu, mezue ihe odide ndị na-enweghị akụkụ nke mkpụrụedemede ha, ma tinye uko n'obieze nke Charles V a na-arụchabeghị".<ref>Roxburgh, David J. (ed.) (2014). ''Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture''. Brill. {{ISBN|9789004280281}}, pp. 18–19.</ref> O mekwara nchọpụta ihe ochie n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Alhambra, nchọpụta nke ihe owuwu Nasrid furu efu dị ka Palacio del Partal Alto na Obí nke Abencerrajes nke nyere nghọta miri emi banyere obieze ochie ahụ n'ozuzu ya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–305}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–239}} Onye na-enyere ya aka, Francisco Prieto Moreno, onye bụ onye isi na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu site na 1936 ruo 1970, gara n'ihu na ọrụ Torres Balbás.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=304–306}} N'afọ 1940, e guzobere Kansụl ọhụrụ nke Alhambra iji lekọta saịtị ahụ, nke nọgidere na-elekọta kemgbe ahụ. N'afọ 1984, gọọmentị etiti dị na Madrid wegara ọrụ maka saịtị ahụ na Gọọmentị Ógbè nke Andalusia na n'afọ 1986, e mepụtara iwu na akwụkwọ ọhụrụ iji chịkwaa atụmatụ na nchebe nke saịtị ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=306–307}} N'afọ 1984, edepụtara Alhambra na Generalife dị ka UNESCO.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}</ref> Alhambra bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta kachasị ewu ewu na Spain. Nnyocha, nchọpụta ihe mgbe ochie, na ọrụ mweghachi anọgidekwara na-aga n'ihu na narị afọ nke 21.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=153-155}} == Ọdịdị == [[Faịlụ:Map_of_alhambra_sp.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Atụmatụ Alhambra nke oge a.]] Ebe Alha dị ihe dị ka 700-740 n'ogologo na ihe dị ka 200-205 n'obosara ya kachasị ukwuu.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=234}}<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Alhambra, Granada, Spain|url=https://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Alhambra-Granada-Spain|work=AirPano|accessdate=23 January 2017|archivedate=3 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203192259/http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Alhambra-Granada-Spain}}</ref> Ọ na-eguzo n'elu ugwu dị warara na-ele ''Vega'' ma ọ bụ Plain of Granada anya ma bụrụ nke osimiri Darro tụrụ n'akụkụ ugwu ya ka ọ na-agbadata na Sierra Nevada.<ref>{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007}}</ref> Ala na-acha ọbara ọbara nke e ji wuo ebe e wusiri ike bụ ụrọ na-acha uhie uhie nke na-enye brik na nkume siri ike (''tapial calicastrado'') ụcha ya mara ma dị na mgbọrọgwụ nke aha 'Red Hill'.<ref name="Salmerón_III2">{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=III. The material base: construction and form}}</ref> Ihe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alhambra bụ Alcazaba, nnukwu ebe e wusiri ike na-ele obodo ahụ anya. N'ihi ọchịchọ ndị njem nleta, ohere nke oge a na-emegide usoro mbụ nke malitere site na isi ohere site na ''Puerta de la Justicia'' (Ụzọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi) gaa na nnukwu Souq ma ọ bụ ahịa ọha na eze na-eche ihu na Alcazaba, nke e kewara ugbu a ma kpuchie ya site na mmepe nke oge Ndị Kraịst.<ref name="Salmerón_III3">{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=III. The material base: construction and form}}</ref> Site na ''Puerta del Vino'' (ọnụ ụzọ mmanya) na-agba ''Calle Real'' (Streetị Obieze) na-ekewa Alhambra n'akụkụ ọkpụkpụ ya n'ime mpaghara obibi ndịda, nwere ụlọ alakụba, hamams (ụlọ ịsa ahụ) na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, na akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ugwu, nke ọtụtụ obieze ndị a ma ama nwere nnukwu ogige mara mma na-achịkwa ọhụụ n'elu Albaicín.<ref name="Salmerón_IV">{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=IV. Formation and spatial perception}}</ref> Ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'elu ugwu ahụ nwere ọtụtụ obieze Moorish, nke mgbidi e wusiri ike gbara gburugburu, nwere ụlọ elu nchebe iri na atọ, ụfọdụ (dị ka Torre de la Infanta na Torre de la Cautiva) nwere obieze kwụ ọtọ dị iche iche. Osimiri Darro na-agafe ndagwurugwu dị n'ebe ugwu ma kewaa ala dị larịị na mpaghara Albaicín nke Granada. N'otu aka ahụ, Ndagwurugwu Sabika, nke nwere Ogige Alhambra, dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda, na, gafere ndagwurugwu a, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugwu kwụ ọtọ nke Monte Mauror kewara ya na mpaghara Antequeruela. Ndagwurugwu ọzọ kewara ya na Generalife, ogige ntụrụndụ nke eze ukwu. Salmerón Escobar na-ekwu na mgbe e mesịrị, a kụrụ osisi elms na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eme ka nghọta zuru oke nke nhazi ahụ ghara ịdị mma, yabụ a na-enye ọgụgụ ka mma nke ala mbụ n'oge oyi mgbe osisi ndị ahụ gba ọtọ.<ref>{{harvp|Salmerón Escobar|2007|loc=VI. The Alhambra that survives}}</ref> == Ihe owuwu == === Nhazi zuru oke === [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_by_Juan_Laurent.jpg|thumb|Mullioned windo nke ''Hall of the Two Sisters'' na Alhambra, nke Jean Laurent, n'ebe 1874. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe ịchọ mma stucco na mgbidi ndị dị n'elu ebe a na-ahụ mosaic tebụl geometric n'okpuru.]] Nhazi na ịchọ mma nke obieze Nasrid bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu nke ụlọ Moorish (nke ọdịda anyanwụ nke Islam) site na narị afọ ndị gara aga mana ha mepụtara njirimara nke ha.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=219}} Njikọ nke ogige ndị a haziri nke ọma, ihe ndị dị na mmiri, ogige, ogidi ndị dị n'elu ogidi ndị pere mpe, na ihe ịchọ mma [[Tile|tiel]] stucco na tebụl na-enye Nasrid àgwà ụlọ nke a kọwara dị ka ethereal na nke dị nso.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}<ref name=":0522">{{Cite book|author=Tabbaa|first=Yasser|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2007|editor=Fleet|location=|pages=|language=en|chapter=Architecture}}</ref><ref name=":242">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor-last=Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan M.|language=en|chapter=Granada|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=49}} A na-ewu mgbidi ndị ahụ n'ala, lime concrete, ma ọ bụ brik ma jiri plaster kpuchie ha, ebe a na-eji osisi (karịsịa pine) eme ihe maka elu ụlọ, uko, na ọnụ ụzọ.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} E mere ụlọ ka a hụ ya site n'ime ya mere e lekwasịrị anya n'ime.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} Otu isi nke ụlọ eze Nasrid bụ ogige nwere akụkụ anọ nwere ọdọ mmiri, isi iyi, ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri n'etiti ya.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} A na-ejikọta ogige n'akụkụ abụọ ma ọ bụ anọ site na ụlọ nzukọ, na-enwekarị porticoes nwere arcaded. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe owuwu ndị a gosipụtara ''ebe a na-ele anya'', ọnụ ụlọ na-apụta n'èzí site na ụlọ ndị ọzọ ma na-egosi ọhụụ mara mma nke ogige ma ọ bụ obodo emepe mepe ahụ.<ref name=":243">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor-last=Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan M.|language=en|chapter=Granada|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=219}} E ji usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ mee ụlọ ndị ahụ nke na-enye ha àgwà anya dị mma.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=260}} E mere nhazi nke ogige, nkesa nke windo, na ojiji nke ihe ndị dị na mmiri na ihu igwe n'uche, na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ ma na-emepe ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge ọkọchị ka ọ na-ebelata mmiri oyi ma na-amụba ìhè anyanwụ n'oge oyi.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=267–268, 275}} Ọnụ ụlọ ndị dị n'elu dị obere ma dịkwuo n'ime, na-eme ka ha dịkwuo mma maka iji n'oge oyi.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} A na-ejikarị ogige dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda nke na-enye ohere ka nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ nweta ìhè anyanwụ kpọmkwem n'etiti ehihie n'oge oyi, ebe n'oge ọkọchị, ọnọdụ na omimi nke porticos dị n'ihu ụlọ nzukọ ndị a na-egbochi anyanwụ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wilmert|first=Todd|date=2010|title=Alhambra Palace Architecture: An Environmental Consideration of Its Inhabitation|url=https://www.archnet.org/publications/9489|journal=Muqarnas|volume=27|pages=157–188|doi=10.1163/22118993_02701008|accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=267}} === Ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị na-ede uri === Obere ihe ka a maara banyere ndị na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị omenkà wuru Alhambra, mana a maara karịa banyere Dīwān al-Insńhā', ma ọ bụ chancery.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=237}} Ụlọ ọrụ a yiri ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na imewe ụlọ, ma eleghị anya n'ihi na ihe odide bịara pụta ìhè na ịchọ mma ha.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–238}} Onye isi nke chancery na-abụkarị vizier (primi minista) nke sultan. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị kpọmkwem ndị na-ewu ụlọ, usoro ọfịs nke ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ ndị a kwekọrọ na nnukwu usoro iwu ihe na Alhambra, nke na-egosi na ha keere òkè na-eduga ọrụ iwu ihe.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237-238}} Ndị kachasị mkpa nwere ọnọdụ ndị a, dị ka Ibn al-Jayyab, Ibn al-Khatib, na Ibn Zamrak, dekwara ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị na-achọ mgbidi Alhambra mma. Ibn al-Jayyab jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke chancery n'oge dị iche iche n'etiti 1295 na 1349 n'okpuru ndị sultan isii site na Muhammad II ruo Yusuf I.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}} Ibn al-Khatib jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke chancery na dị ka vizier maka oge dị iche iche n'etiti 1332 na 1371, n'okpuru ndị sultan Yusuf I na Muhammad V.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–238}} Ibn Zamrak jere ozi dị ka vizier na onye isi nke chancery maka oge dị n'etiti 1354 na 1393, n'okpuru Muhammad V na Muhammad VII.<ref name=":052">{{Cite book|last=Granja|first=F. de la|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|publisher=Brill|year=2008|isbn=9789004161214|editor-last=Bearman|editor-first=P.|location=|pages=|chapter=Ibn Zamrak|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor3-first=C.E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W.P.}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|p=259}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237-238}} === Ihe ịchọ mma === [[Faịlụ:Ceiling_Crafts_of_the_Alhambra_yeonu.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|''Muqarnas'' (ma ọ bụ mocárabes) a tụrụ na stucco n'obí ọdụm]] A na-eji stucco a tụrụ atụ (ma ọ bụ ''yesería'' na Spanish) na mosaic tilework (''zilīj'' ma ọ bụ ''zellij'' na Arabic; ''alicatado'' na Spanish)<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last1=Degeorge|first1=Gérard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VynrAAAAMAAJ&q=zellij+alicatado|title=The Art of the Islamic Tile|last2=Porter|first2=Yves|publisher=Random House Incorporated|year=2002|isbn=978-2-08-010876-0|pages=24|language=en}}</ref> eme ihe maka ịchọ mma mgbidi, ebe a na-ejikarị osisi eme uko, nke a nwere ike ịkpụ ma see ya. Tile mosaics na uko osisi na-enwekarị ihe osise geometric. A na-ejikarị tebụl eme ihe maka mgbidi ndị dị ala ma ọ bụ maka ala, ebe a na-eji stucco eme ihe maka mpaghara ndị dị n'elu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} A na-ejikarị ihe osise arabesque (''ataurique'' na Spanish, site na Arabic: التوريق), epigraphic motifs, geometric motifs, ma ọ bụ sebka motifs.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Borges|first=Victor|date=2012-02-02|title=Nasrid Plasterwork: Symbolism, Materials & Techniques|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Victoria and Albert Museum Online Museum|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220210918/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":83">{{Cite web|last=Borges|first=Victor|date=2012-02-02|title=Nasrid Plasterwork: Symbolism, Materials & Techniques|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Victoria and Albert Museum Online Museum|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220210918/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-48/nasrid-plasterwork-symbolism,-materials-and-techniques/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Puertas|1997|p=96}} Enwere ike ịkpụ ya ọzọ n'ime muqarnas atọ (mocárabes na Spanish). Ihe odide Arabic, ihe e ji mara Alhambra karịsịa, ka a tụrụ n'akụkụ mgbidi ma gụnye akụkụ kor'an, uri nke ndị na-ede uri n'ụlọ ikpe Nasrid, na ikwughachi ụkpụrụ Nasrid "wa la ghalib illa-llah".{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=237–238}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=166–167}} [[Faịlụ:Palacios_nazaríes._Sala_del_Mexuar_-_005.JPG|thumb|Ihe atụ nke isi obodo Nasrid (site na Sala del Mexuar), na ụfọdụ n'ime agba mbụ ya echekwara.]] A na-ejikwa marble ọcha e gwupụtara na Macael (n'Ógbè Almeria) mee isi iyi na ogidi ndị dị gịrịgịrị.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} Isi nke ogidi na-enwekarị akụkụ cylindrical dị ala nke e ji akwụkwọ acanthus mee, akụkụ cubic dị n'elu nke nwere ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ geometric, na ihe odide na-aga n'ala ma ọ bụ n'elu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} Ọ bụ ezie na ịchọ mma stucco, ụlọ osisi, na isi ihe e ji mabụl mee nke Alhambra na-adịkarị ka enweghị agba ma ọ bụ monochrome taa, e sere ha na agba na-egbuke egbuke.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=44, 49-50}} Agba ndị bụ isi - ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, na (n'ọnọdụ odo odo) - bụ ndị kacha pụta ìhè ma jikọta ha iji nweta nguzozi mara mma ụfọdụ, ebe e ji agba ndị ọzọ mee ihe n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'azụ.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Bush|first=Olga|date=2009|title=The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra|journal=Muqarnas|volume=26|pages=119–148|doi=10.1163/22118993-90000146|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=166}} ==== Ihe odide ==== [[Faịlụ:Granada-Alhambra12.jpg|thumb|Calligraphy in the Hall of Ambassadors: n'elu bụ otu ihe odide nke na-ekwughachi ụkpụrụ Nasrid ("And There is no victory but God") na edemede cursive, ebe n'okpuru bụ nnukwu cartouche nwere ihe odide na "Knotted" Kufic]] Alhambra gosipụtara ụdị dị iche iche nke epigraphy Arabic nke mepụtara n'okpuru usoro ndị eze Nasrid, na karịsịa n'okpuru Yusuf I na Muhammad V.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Jayyusi|first1=Salma Khadra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA667|title=The Legacy of Muslim Spain|last2=Marín|first2=Manuela|date=1992|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09599-1|access-date=26 June 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725025635/https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA667|url-status=live}}</ref> [[José Miguel Puerta Vílchez]] jiri mgbidi nke Alhambra tụnyere peeji nke ihe odide, na-eme ka ihe yiri ya dị n'etiti dados kpuchiri ''Zilīj'' na ihe osise nke geometric, na ụdị epigraphic dị n'obí eze na ihe odide calligraphic n'Ihe odide Arabic nke oge a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Puerta Vílchez|first=José Miguel|title=Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions|date=2011|publisher=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux|isbn=978-84-86827-62-5|location=Granada, Spain|oclc=828680669}}</ref> Ihe odide na-adịkarị n'usoro kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ kwụ ọtọ maọbụ a na-etinye ha n'ime cartouches nke gburugburu ma ọ bụ rectangular.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=124}} Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihe odide ndị dị na Alhambra na-eji <nowiki><i id="mwBTQ">Naskhi</i></nowiki> ma ọ bụ ederede cursive, nke bụ ederede a na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe oge ndị Alakụba malitere.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=269}} ''Thuluth'' sitere na edemede cursive nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a haziri ahazi; a na-ahọrọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mbido nke akwụkwọ ndị chancery Nasrid kwadebere.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=124}} E dere ọtụtụ ihe odide na Alhambra na ederede ''Naskhi-Thuluth''.<ref name=":132">{{Cite journal|last=Bush|first=Olga|date=2009|title=The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra|journal=Muqarnas|volume=26|pages=119–148|doi=10.1163/22118993-90000146|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=124}} Akara nke ederede cursive na-agbanwekarị na friezes ma ọ bụ cartouches nke ederede Kufic. Kufic bụ ụdị kachasị ochie nke calligraphy Arabic, mana site na narị afọ 13, ihe odide Kufic dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ndị Alakụba ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihe owuwu ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na'amaghị ama.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blair|first=Sheila S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laQxEAAAQBAJ&dq=naskh+script+nasrid&pg=PA143|title=Islamic Inscriptions|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4744-6448-2|pages=91|language=en|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502192158/https://books.google.com/books?id=laQxEAAAQBAJ&dq=naskh+script+nasrid&pg=PA143|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|p=269}} N'ime Alhambra, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke "Knotted" Kufic, ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụedemede na-ejikọta ọnụ na eriri dị mgbagwoju anya.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Jazayeri|first=S. M. V. Mousavi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCj5DQAAQBAJ&dq=knotted+kufic&pg=PA9|title=A Handbook of Early Arabic Kufic Script: Reading, Writing, Calligraphy, Typography, Monograms|publisher=Blautopf Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-0-9981727-4-3|pages=9|language=en|accessdate=13 April 2022}}</ref> Mgbatị nke mkpụrụedemede ndị a nwere ike ịghọ eriri ndị na-aga n'ihu ma mepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-enweghị atụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ mepụta ọnụ nke cartouche na-agụnye ihe ndị ọzọ e dere na ya.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=269}} Ihe odide nke Alhambra gụnyere "okwu na ahịrịokwu na ahịhịa dị nsọ, nke eze, nke votive, na nke kor'an," nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ arabesques, nke a tụrụ n'osisi na marble, ma mee ka ọ dị n'elu tebụl.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Puerta Vílchez|first=José Miguel|title=Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions|date=2011|publisher=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux|isbn=978-84-86827-62-5|location=Granada, Spain|oclc=828680669}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPuerta_VílchezNúñez_Guarde2011">Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel; Núñez Guarde, Juan Agustín (2011). ''Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions''. Granada, Spain: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-86827-62-5|<bdi>978-84-86827-62-5</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/828680669 828680669].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: publisher location ([[:Category:CS1 maint: publisher location|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: publisher location]]</ref> Ndị na-ede uri nke ụlọ ikpe Nasrid, gụnyere Ibn al-Khatīb na Ibn Zamrak, dere uri maka obieze.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Travelers of Al-Andalus, Part VI: The Double Lives of Ibn al-Khatib - AramcoWorld|url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/November-2015/Travelers-of-Al-Andalus-Part-VI-The-Double-Lives|accessdate=2020-06-07|work=www.aramcoworld.com|archivedate=25 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725025536/https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/November-2015/Travelers-of-Al-Andalus-Part-VI-The-Double-Lives}}</ref> Ihe odide nke Alhambra bụkwa ihe pụrụ iche maka ọdịdị ha na-ezo aka na onwe ha ugboro ugboro na ojiji nke onye. Ụfọdụ uri e dere ede, dị ka ndị dị n'obí ọdụm, na-ekwu maka obí ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụlọ ha dị na ya ma dee ya na onye mbụ, dị ka a ga-asị na ọnụ ụlọ ahụ n'onwe ya na-agwa onye na-agụ ya okwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Cynthia|date=2008|title=Marginal Ornament: Poetics, Mimesis, And Devotion In The Palace Of The Lions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRewCQAAQBAJ&dq=alhambra+self-referential+inscriptions&pg=PA193|journal=Muqarnas|volume=25|pages=193|accessdate=13 April 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=167}} A na-ede ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị ahụ na Nasrid cursive script, ebe a na-ejikarị akwụkwọ osisi na okooko osisi Kufic eme ihe - nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ arches, ogidi, enjambments, na "architectural calligrams" - eme ihe dị ka ihe ịchọ mma.<ref name=":0" /> Dị ka ihe ndị ọzọ e ji chọọ ya mma, a na-ese ọtụtụ ihe odide na mbụ ma jiri ụcha mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Nnyocha na-egosi na a na-ese mkpụrụedemede ndị ahụ na ọla edo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha, ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha na akara ojii, nke ga-eme ka ha pụta ìhè na ndabere ndị a chọrọ mma nke a na-etekarị na-acha ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, ma ọ dị ka tookrụosi (na agba ndị ọzọ agwakọta na nkọwa). <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|author=Bush|first=Olga|date=2009|title=The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra|journal=Muqarnas|volume=26|pages=119–148|doi=10.1163/22118993-90000146}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBush2009">Bush, Olga (2009). [[doi:10.1163/22118993-90000146|"The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra"]]. ''Muqarnas''. '''26''': <span class="nowrap">119–</span>148. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1163/22118993-90000146|10.1163/22118993-90000146]]</span>.</cite></ref>   == Ihe owuwu ndị bụ isi == === Ọnụ ụzọ mbata === [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_Gatehouse.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Puerta de la Justicia (Ụzọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi), ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndịda nke Alhambra, nke Yusuf I wuru na 1348]] Ọnụ ụzọ ámá Alhambra bụ nnukwu ''Puerta'' ''de'' ''la'' ''Justicia'' (Ụzọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi), nke a maara na dị ka ''Bab al-Shari'a'' (Arabic: باب الشريعة, lit. 'Ụzọ ámá Shari'a (iwu)'), nke jere ozi dị ka ọnụ ụzọ mbata dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke mgbidi ahụ. E wuru ya na 1348 n'oge ọchịchị Yusuf I.<ref>{{Cite book|author=García Porras|first=Alberto|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgsOEAAAQBAJ|title=The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West: (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)|publisher=Brill|year=2020|isbn=978-90-04-44359-4|editor=Fábregas|chapter=Productive Activities and Material Culture|accessdate=11 February 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=152–155}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=152–155}} Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ nwere nnukwu oghere na-eduga n'ebe dị elu nke na-agafe n'ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ. Okporo ụzọ ahụ tụgharịrị 90 degrees n'aka ekpe wee tụgharịa 90 degrees n'aka nri, yana oghere dị n'elu ebe ndị na-agbachitere nwere ike ịtụba mgbọ na ndị ọ bụla na-awakpo n'okpuru. A na-ese onyinyo nke aka, nke mkpịsị aka ya ise na-anọchi anya Ogidi Ise nke Islam ebe a na-ese ihe oyiyi nke mkpịakọta, ihe nnọchianya ọzọ nke okwukwe, n'ihu ogidi ahụ na ihu ime. E mechara tinye ihe a tụrụ atụ nke oge Ndị Kraịst nke Nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke na Nwa Kraịst n'ime niche ọzọ n'ime ọnụ ụzọ ámá.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=47–49}} N'akụkụ mpụga ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ bụ Pilar de Carlos V, isi iyi nke Renaissance e wuru na 1524 na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ na 1624.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=35}} Na njedebe nke ụzọ si na ''Puerta de la Justicia'' bụ Plaza de los Aljibes ('Ebe nke Cisterns'), oghere dị obosara nke kewara Alcazaba na Obí Nasrid. A na-akpọ ebe ahụ aha nnukwu olulu mmiri nke dị n'ihe dị ka 1494, nke Iñigo López de Mondoza y Quiñones nyere iwu. Olulu mmiri ahụ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ e mere na Alhambra mgbe mmeri 1492 gasịrị ma jupụta ihe bụbu ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti Alcazaba na obieze.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=63}} N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ogige ahụ bụ Puerta del Vino (''Ọnụ Ụzọ Mmanya'') nke na-eduga n'obieze Charles V na ebe obibi mbụ (nke ''medina'') nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|López|1992}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=61–63}} A na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'oge ọchịchị Muhammad III wuru ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịchọ mma ahụ sitere n'oge dị iche iche. A na-achọ ma ihu dị n'ime ma n'èzí nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ mma site na ịchọ mma ceramic na-etinye spandrels nke arches na ihe ịchọ mma stucco n'elu. N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ bụ ihe a tụrụ atụ nke akara dị ka nke dị na ''Puerta de la Justicia''.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=61}} [[Faịlụ:Puerta_de_las_Armas-crop.jpg|thumb|''Puerta de las Armas'' ('Ọnụ Ụgbọ Mmiri'), ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị n'ebe ugwu nke Alhambra site na narị afọ nke 13.]] Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ọzọ dị na Alhambra bụ ''Puerta de las Armas'' ('Ọnụ Ụzọ Arms'), nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Alcazaba, nke mgbidi na-eduga na ''Plaza de los Aljibes'' na Obieze Nasrid. Nke a bụ na mbụ isi ebe a na-abanye n'ụlọ ahụ maka ndị bi n'obodo ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike ịnweta ya site n'akụkụ Albaicín, mana mgbe ndị Kraịst meriri Puerta de la Justicia ka Ferdinand na Isabella kwadoro.{{Sfn|López|1992}} Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ, otu n'ime ihe owuwu ndị mbụ e wuru na Alhambra na narị afọ 13, bụ otu n'etiti ihe owuwu Alhambra nke yiri omenala ụlọ Almohad nke bu ụzọ na Nasrids. A na-achọ ihu ihu nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ mma na polylobed molding na glazed tiles n'ime rectangular ''alfiz'' frame. N'ime ụzọ ámá ahụ bụ dome nke a na-ese iji gosipụta ọdịdị brik na-acha ọbara ọbara, ihe ịchọ mma nke oge Nasrid.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=49–51}} Ọnụ ụzọ ámá mpụga abụọ ọzọ dị, ha abụọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'akụkụ ugwu bụ ''Puerta del Arrabal'' ('Ọnụ ụzọ Arrabal'), nke na-emeghe na ''Cuesta de los Chinos'' ('Ugwu Ya Emezi Mgbanwe'), ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti Alhambra na Generalife. O yikarịrị ka e kere ya n'okpuru Muhammad nke Abụọ ma jee ozi n'obieze mbụ nke Alhambra nke e wuru n'ógbè a n'oge ọchịchị ya. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe n'oge ndị Kraịst nke Alhambra.{{Sfn|López|1992}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=53}} N'akụkụ ndịda bụ ''Puerta de los Siete Suelos'' ('Ọnụ Ụzọ nke okpukpu asaa'), nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbawa nke ndị agha France na-apụ apụ na 1812 bibiri kpamkpam. E wughachiri ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị ugbu a n'afọ ndị 1970 site n'enyemaka nke iberibe ndị fọdụrụnụ na ọtụtụ Ihe osise ochie nke na-egosi ọnụ ụzọ ákwà ámá mbụ. O yikarịrị ka e wuru ọnụ ụzọ ámá mbụ ahụ n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na anọ na aha Arabic mbụ ya bụ ''Bab al-Gudur''. Ọ ga-abụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata na-ejere ''medina'' ozi, ebe ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ndị ọrụ nọ n'ime Alhambra. Ọ bụkwa site n'ebe a ka ndị eze Katọlik batara na Alhambra na Jenụwarị 2, 1492.{{Sfn|López|1992}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=45–46}} === Alcazaba === [[Faịlụ:Patio_de_Armas_y_Alcazaba_de_la_Alhambra_II.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-ahụ Alcazaba na ime ya.]] Alcazaba ma ọ bụ obodo ukwu bụ akụkụ kachasị ochie nke Alhambra taa. Ọ bụ ihe dị n'etiti usoro mgbagwoju anya nke mgbidi ndị chebere mpaghara ahụ. Ụlọ elu ya kachasị elu, 26 dị elu Torre del Homenaje ('Ụlọ elu nke Nsọpụrụ'), bụ ebe nchekwa na ebe nchịkwa ndị agha nke ụlọ ahụ. O nwekwara ike ịbụ ebe obibi mbụ nke Ibn al-Ahmar n'ime Alhambra debe a na-ewu ụlọ ahụ.{{Sfn|López|1992|p=154}} Ụlọ elu kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Torre de la Vela nke dị mita 25 m elu, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ nche. E bu ụzọ bulie ọkọlọtọ Ferdinand na Isabella n'elu ya dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke mmeri ndị Spain meriri Granada na Jenụwarị 2, 1492. A gbakwunyere mgbịrịgba n'elu ụlọ elu ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ma ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ a na-akụ ya n'oge kwa ụbọchị na n'oge pụrụ iche.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=90}} N'afọ 1843, ụlọ elu ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke uwe agha obodo ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=90}} N'ime ogige nke ebe e wusiri ike n'ime ya bụ ebe obibi nke nwere ndị nche Alhambra. O nwere ihe ntụrụndụ obodo dị ka kichin obodo, hammam, na olulu mmiri, yana ọtụtụ ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala nke jere ozi dị ka dungeons na silos.{{Sfn|López|2011b|p=282}} === Obieze Nasrid === Obieze ahụ nwere akụkụ atọ, site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ: Mexuar, Obí Comares, na Obí ọdụm.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=95}} N'ozuzu, a makwaara obieze ndị a dị ka ''Casa Real Vieja'' ('Old Royal Palace'), iji mee ka ha dị iche na obieze ọhụrụ e wuru n'akụkụ ha n'oge oge Ndị Kraịst Spanish.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=155}} ==== Mexuar ====   [[Faịlụ:Mexuar,_seen_from_the_Patio_de_Machuca,_16.08.14.jpg|thumb|Nlegharị anya nke Mexuar taa (nke a na-ahụkwa Ụlọ Elu Comares n'azụ ya). ]] Mexuar bụ akụkụ kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obieze. Ọ yiri ''[[mashwars]]'' (ma ọ bụ mechouars) nke obieze na North Africa.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=269}} E wuru ya na mbụ dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu ụlọ nke Isma'il I malitere nke gụnyere Obí Comares. O nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ nchịkwa na ọrụ ọha na eze nke obieze, dị ka chancery na akụ. Ọdịdị ya nwere ogige abụọ na-esote nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ, ha niile kwụ n'etiti etiti site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Obere ihe fọdụrụ n'ogige ọdịda anyanwụ abụọ nke Mexuar taa, ma e wezụga ntọala ha, portico, na ọdọ mmiri nke isi iyi. Nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ ahụ, nke a maara dị ka ''Sala del Mexuar'' ma ọ bụ Ụlọ Nzukọ, jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ocheeze ebe sultan na-anata ma na-ekpe ikpe mkpesa. Mpaghara a nyekwara ohere ịbanye n'obieze Comares site na mpaghara Cuarto ''Dorado'' n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ụlọ Nzukọ. A gbanwere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Mexuar n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama n'oge ''Reconquista''; karịsịa, a gbanwere ''Sala del Mexuar'' ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ekpere Ndị Kraịst ma gbakwunye ya na ''Cuarto Dorado'' iji gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi. E mechara wepụ ọtụtụ n'ime mgbakwunye ndị a n'oge nrụzigharị nke oge a na narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=268–274}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=99–106}}   [[Faịlụ:Patio_de_los_Arrayanes_Alhambra_02_2014.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ogige nke Myrtles, ogige etiti nke Obí Comares.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=262–265}}]] Obí Comares bụ isi nke nnukwu obieze nke Isma'il I malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 13 ma mesịa gbanwee ma mezigharịa ya site n'aka Yusuf I na Muhammad V n'otu narị afọ ahụ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017}} Obieze ọhụrụ a rụrụ ọrụ dị ka obieze nke sultan na steeti, nke a maara na Arabic dị ka ''Qaṣr al-Sultan'' ma ọ bụ ''Dār al-Mulk''.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=261}} A na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ banye n'obieze Comares site na Mexuar. Ihu ụlọ dị n'ime, nke a maara dị ka Comares Façade, guzo n'akụkụ ndịda nke ''Patio de Cuarto Dorado'' ('Ogige nke Ụlọ Gilded') n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mexuar. Ihu ụlọ a mara mma nke ukwuu, nke nwere ọnụ ụzọ abụọ, bụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke obieze ma eleghị anya rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ ememe.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=109}}{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=137}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=159}} [[Faịlụ:Techo_del_Salón_de_Embajadores_(la_Alhambra),_Granada.jpg|thumb|Elu ụlọ nke Alhambra]] Obí Comares n'onwe ya dị gburugburu ''Patio de los Arrayanes'' ('Ụlọikpe nke Myrtles'), ogige dị mita 23 ruo 23.5 n'obosara na mita 36.6 n'ogologo, na ogologo axis ya dị n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=265}} N'etiti, nke jikọtara ya na isi axis nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ, bụ ọdọ mmiri dị obosara. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mita 34 n'ogologo na mita 7,10 n'obosara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Court of the Myrtles|url=https://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/nasridpalaces/courtofthemyrtles.asp|work=Alhambra de Granada|accessdate=18 February 2022|archivedate=27 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327052348/http://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/placesandspots/courtofthemyrtles.asp}}</ref> Osisi myrtle nke bụ aha ụlọ ikpe ahụ na-eto n'akụkụ abụọ nke ọdọ mmiri a. A na-enwe portico abụọ mara mma n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ, na-eduga n'ụlọ nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'azụ ha. Ihe ịchọ mma nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ nwere q<nowiki><i>asā'id</i></nowiki> iri na otu nke Ibn Zamrak, asatọ n'ime ha ka dị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Puerta Vílchez|first=José Miguel|title=Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions|date=2011|publisher=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux|isbn=978-84-86827-62-5|location=Granada, Spain|oclc=828680669}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPuerta_VílchezNúñez_Guarde2011">Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel; Núñez Guarde, Juan Agustín (2011). ''Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions''. Granada, Spain: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife : Edilux. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-86827-62-5|<bdi>978-84-86827-62-5</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/828680669 828680669].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: publisher location ([[:Category:CS1 maint: publisher location|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: publisher location]]</ref> N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obieze ahụ bụ Comares Baths, ya obieze hammam nke a na-echekwa nke ọma.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=123}} N'akụkụ ugwu nke Court of the Myrtles, n'ime nnukwu Comares Tower, bụ ''Salón de los Embajadores'' ('Kachasị Ya Nkenne Onye'), ụlọ kachasị ukwuu na Alhambra. A na-enweta ya site na ịgafe ''Sala de la Barca'', nnukwu ụlọ ezumezu nwere akụkụ anọ n'azụ ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ. Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Ndị Nnọchiteanya bụ ụlọ nwere akụkụ 11.3 n'akụkụ ọ bụla ma na-arịgo ruo mita 18.2.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=266}} Nke a bụ ụlọ ocheeze ma ọ bụ ụlọ ndị na-ege ntị nke sultan.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=118}} E debere ocheeze sultan n'ihu ọnụ ụzọ n'ihu windo nwere ogidi abụọ n'azụ ụlọ nzukọ ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=118}} Na mgbakwunye na nnukwu tebụl na ihe ịchọ mma nke mgbidi, ime ya na-ejedebe na nnukwu uko ụlọ. A na-eji osisi 8017 jikọtara ọnụ mee uko ụlọ ahụ nke na-eme ihe nnọchianya geometric nke Eluigwe asaa.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=159}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=118}}{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=43–44}} Ụlọ nzukọ na ụlọ elu ya na-arụ ọrụ site na mgbidi nke obieze, na windo na-enye ọhụụ n'akụkụ atọ. N'echiche a, ọ bụ ụdị ''mirador'' buru ibu, ụlọ nke ndị bi n'obieze nwere ike ile anya n'èzí na ala gbara ya gburugburu.{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=}} ==== Obí nke ọdụm ==== [[Faịlụ:Palacios_Nazaríes_in_the_Alhambra_(Granada)._(51592334991)_(cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|Ogige ọdụm na isi iyi ya]] Obí nke ọdụm bụ otu n'ime obieze a ma ama n'ihe owuwu Alakụba ma gosipụta ọganihu nke ihe owuwu Nasrid n'okpuru ọchịchị Muhammad V.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Ogige ya nwere akụkụ anọ dị n'etiti dị ihe dị ka mita 28.7 n'ogologo na mita 15.6 n'obosara, na ogologo axis ya dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=279}} A na-ahazi ogidi na ogidi ndị gbara ya gburugburu n'usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke otu ogidi na-agbanwe agbanwe na ìgwè nke ogidi abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, atụmatụ nke pụrụ iche na ụlọ Islam.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=279–281}} Ụlọ abụọ mara mma guzo n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke ogige ahụ, ebe etiti ya bụ isi iyi nke ọdụm a ma ama. Isi iyi ahụ nwere nnukwu efere gbara ọdụm iri na abụọ gburugburu, ha niile ji marble kpụọ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=282–283}} N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ uri e dere ede nke Ibn Zamrak dere.<ref>{{harvp|Al-Hassani|Woodcock|Saoud|2007|p=233}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Hall_of_Kings_(Alhambra)_08_(43582411254).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Elu ụlọ e sere ihe osise ndị Nasrid n'ulọ ''Hall of Kings'']] A na-ahazi ụlọ nzukọ anọ gburugburu ogige ahụ. Sala de los Mocárabes ('Hall of the mocárabes (''muqarnas'') '), nke dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, mebiri na 1590 site na mgbawa nke magazin ntụ ntụ dị nso ma jiri ụlọ elu ya dochie ya na 1714.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=132}} Sala de los Reyes  ('Ụlọ Ndị Eze'), nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, kewara n'ọtụtụ ngalaba nke ''muqarnas'' kpuchiri. Mmeghe n'azụ ndị a bụ ọtụtụ ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ, atọ n'ime ha nwere uko dị gburugburu nke ihe osise pụrụ iche e sere na akpụkpọ anụ kpuchiri.{{sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=53–54}} Otu ihe osise na-egosi mmadụ iri, ma eleghị anya ndị sultan ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, na-anọdụ ala ma na-ekwurịta okwu ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echevarria|first=Ana|date=2008|title=Painting Politics in the Alhambra|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/me/14/2-3/article-p199_3.xml?language=en|journal=Medieval Encounters|language=en|volume=14|issue=2–3|pages=203 and after|doi=10.1163/157006708X366254|issn=1570-0674|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=284}} Ihe osise ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ihe nkiri nke egwuregwu, ịchụ nta, na ndụ ụlọ ikpe.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=284}} Ụdị ihe osise ahụ nwere mmetụta n'otu oge ma ọ bụ ọzọ site na nka Christian Gothic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dodds|first=Jerrilynn|date=1979|title=The Paintings in the Sala de Justicia of the Alhambra: Iconography and Iconology|journal=Art Bulletin|volume=61|issue=2|pages=186–197|doi=10.1080/00043079.1979.10787657}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=284}} [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_Hall_of_Two_Sisters_DSCF7585.jpg|thumb|<nowiki><i>Muqarnas</i></nowiki> dome na ''Hall of the Two Sisters''.]] N'akụkụ ndịda nke ogige ahụ, ''Sala de los Abencerrajes'' ('Ụlọ Nzukọ nke [[Abencerrages]]') nwetara aha ya site na akụkọ akụkọ nke nna Boabdil, bụ onye ikpeazụ sultan nke Granada, mgbe ọ kpọrọ ndị isi nke ahịrị ahụ ka ha bịa oriri na ọṅụṅụ, gburu ha ebe a.<ref>Lowe, Alfonso; Hugh Seymour-Davies. ''The Companion Guide to the South of Spain''. Companion Guides, 2000. {{ISBN|9781900639330}}. P. 8.</ref> Ekpuchiri ya n'elu ụlọ elu muqarnas sara mbara, nke nwere iko lantern nwere akụkụ 16 n'ụdị kpakpando nwere ntụ 8, ikekwe na-anọchi anya eluigwe eluigwe.<ref>Lowe, Alfonso; Hugh Seymour-Davies. ''The Companion Guide to the South of Spain''. Companion Guides, 2000. {{ISBN|9781900639330}}. P. 8.</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=136–138}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=163}} N'akụkụ ugwu nke ogige ahụ bụ Sala de Dos Hermanas ('Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Ụmụnna Abụọ'), nke a na-akpọ n'ihi nnukwu slabs abụọ nke marble bụ akụkụ nke pavement. Aha Arabic mbụ ya bụ al-Qubba al-Kubrā (Arabic: القبة الكبرى, lit. 'Okirikiri na Egbunwe), na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ihe ọ pụtara.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=285}} Ụlọ Nzukọ ahụ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ muqarnas kachasị dị ịrịba ama na nkà Islam. Ngwakọta muqarnas nwere opekata mpe prismatic 5000, na-apụta site na elu ugwu n'ime obere ụlọ iri na isii dị n'elu ọkwa nke windo.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=55}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=145}} N'ebe ugwu nke ''Sala de Dos Hermanas'', ebe a na-esi na ya abanye, ya nke ''Mirador de Lindaraja'' dị, obere ụlọ na-apụta ìhè nke nwere windo nwere achi abụọ n'akụkụ atọ nke na-elepụ anya n'ubi ndị dị n'okpuru. Aha ''Lindaraja'' bụ ihe e ji asụsụ Arabic ''<nowiki/>'Ayn Dar 'Aisha mee''.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=9}} Ụlọ nta a nwere ụfọdụ ihe ịchọ mma stucco kachasị mma na Alhambra ma nwee ihe osise mosaic mbụ nke nwere ihe odide Arabic mara mma nke ukwuu.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=55}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=146}}{{Sfn|López|2011|p=146}} Ụlọ elu pụrụ iche nke nwere lattice osisi nke e ji ihe osise geometric kpuchie ma jupụta na iberibe iko agba.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=146}} ==== Ụlọ obibi na ogige nke oge Renaissance ==== [[Faịlụ:Granada_2009-08-10zh.jpg|thumb|Ogige Lindaraja, nke e guzobere na narị afọ 16.]] N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Obí Comares na Obí ọdụm bụ mpaghara nke mgbakwunye Ndị Kraịst nke Renaissance nke sitere na narị afọ nke 16. N'ebe ugwu nke Obí nke ọdụm bụ ''Patio de Lindaraja'' (''Ogige Lindaraja''), nke bụbu ogige mana ọ ghọrọ ogige nzuzo site na mgbakwunye nke ihe owuwu ọhụrụ gbara ya gburugburu na narị afọ nke 16. Isi iyi ahụ dị n'etiti ya nwere ihe mgbakwasị Baroque nke e mere na 1626 nke na-akwado efere marble Nasrid nke arụnyere ebe a n'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ihe yiri ya ugbu a na-anọchi efere mbụ nke a na-edebe na Alhambra Museum.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=149–159}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ na n'akụkụ ugwu nke ogige ahụ, n'akụkụ okpukpu nke elu, e nwere ọnụ ụlọ isii e wuru maka Charles V n'etiti 1528 na 1537, nke a maara dị ka Ụlọ Eze Ukwu. Ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ bụ ọkụ ọkụ marble nke e ji ihe agha eze ukwu kpụọ na uko nke ogwe osisi ndị e sere na foto mkpụrụ osisi. Julio Aquiles na Alejandro Mayner sere ihe osise ndị ahụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 1537.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=149–159}}{{Sfn|Dickie|1992|p=146}} N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ogige Lindaraja bụ obere ''Patio de la Reja'' ('Ogige Eze Nwanyị'), nke dị n'etiti Ụlọ Eze Ukwu na Ụlọ Elu Comares. E wuru gallery gburugburu ala elu nke ogige ahụ n'etiti 1654 na 1655.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=156}}   === Obieze Charles V === [[Faịlụ:Palacio_de_Carlos_V_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|N'èzí Obieze Charles V]] [[Faịlụ:Patio_Paleis_Karel_V.jpg|thumb|Ogige obieze Charles V]] === Obieze ndị ọzọ nke Nasrid ===   [[Faịlụ:Convent_of_San_Francisco,_Granada_-_DSC07679.JPG|thumb|E wuru Convent nke Saint Francis n'elu mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obieze Nasrid. Ụlọ ahụ bụzi Parador (ụlọ nkwari akụ nke gọọmentị).]] Obieze atọ ndị ọzọ dị n'oge Nasrid dịbu ma e bibiri ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ihe ndị e gwupụtara na Palacio del Partal Alto ("Upper Partal Palace"), nke a makwaara dị ka Palacio del Conde del Tendilla ("Palace of the Count of Tendilla'"), ka a na-etinye taa n'ime ogige Partal. Obieze ahụ malitere n'oge Muhammad nke Abụọ, na mmezigharị na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, ọ bụkwa obieze kachasị ochie na Alhambra nke a chọtara ihe ncheta ya.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=236}} A na-akpọ Obí nke Convent nke San Francisco (Palacio del Convento de San Francisco, nke a makwaara dị ka Palacio de los Infantes) aha ya bụ Convent nke Saint Francis nke e debere ebe a na 1494.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=180–184}} O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ Muhammad II wuru obieze Nasrid ebe a mana ụfọdụ ihe odide ndị dị ugbu a na-egosi na Muhammad V rụzigharịrị ya nke ọma.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=246–247}} Obere ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe owuwu Nasrid taa ma e wezụga ogige nwere akụkụ anọ na ụfọdụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ ndị gbara ya gburugburu, gụnyere ọnụ ụlọ a chọrọ mma nke ọma na ''muqarnas'' vaulting. E liri Eze Nwanyị Isabella I ebe a na 1504 tupu ebufee ozu ya na Royal Chapel dị nso na katidral.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=247}} Ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ dị ugbu a sitere na mmezigharị nke narị afọ nke 18 nke ebe obibi ndị nọn ma gụnye ogige zoro ezo. Taa ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Parador (ụlọ nkwari akụ nke gọọmentị).{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=180–184}} Obieze nke Abencerrajes (Palacio de los Abencerrjes) bụ otu n'ime obieze kachasị ukwuu na Alhambra ma nwee ike ịmalite site n'oge Muhammad II. Ndị agha Napoleon gbagburu ihe fọdụrụ n'obieze ahụ n'afọ 1812. Ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke ebe a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ nke a maara dị ka Secano. A na-ahụ ihe ndị e gwupụtara taa n'akụkụ ndịda nke ụlọ ahụ mana a ka na-amụ ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=250–251}} === Chọọchị Santa Maria na ụlọ alakụba Alhambra === [[Faịlụ:Iglesia_de_Santa_María_de_la_Alhambra.jpg|thumb|N'èzí Chọọchị Santa Maria de la Alhambra]] N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Obí Charles V bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke ''Santa María de la Alhambra'' ('Saint Mary ya nke Alhambra'), nke guzo n'ebe bụbu ụlọ alakụba Alhambra, ụlọ alakụka ọgbakọ nke Alhambira. E wuru ụlọ ụka ahụ n'agbata narị afọ 1581 na 1618.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=166}} Ọ dị n'okpuru ikike nke Achịbishọp nke Granada.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=St. Mary Church|url=https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/st-mary-church|accessdate=2022-04-18|work=Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife|language=en-US|archivedate=19 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519030701/https://www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/edificios-lugares/st-mary-church}}</ref> Ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Juan de Herrera na Juan de Orea chepụtara ụlọ ahụ ma Ambrosio Vico wuchaa ya. N'ime ya bụ nnukwu Ebe ịchụàjà Baroque nke nwere ogidi ndị e ji ọlaedo chọọ mma nke e wuchara na 1671, ọ bụ ezie na ihe kachasị mma n'etiti ebe ịchụàjà ahụ, ihe a tụrụ atụ nke Our Lady of Sorrows (na-egosi Meri na-ejide ahụ [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs Kraịst]]), bụ nke Torcuato Ruiz del Peral tụrụ n'etiti 1750 na 1760.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=213}} Kwa afọ n'oge Izu Nsọ, a na-ewepụta ihe a a tụrụ atụ ma buru ya n'usoro n'okporo ámá Granada. N'oge ngagharị, a na-eburu ya n'elu "ocheeze" ma ọ bụ ikpo okwu nke a kpụrụ akpụ iji yie arcades dị n'Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm.<ref name=":14" />{{Sfn|López|2011|p=213}} Obere ihe fọdụrụ na Alhambra Mosque nke guzo n'oge gara aga na saịtị a, ma e wezụga oriọna ọla nchara mara mma nke echekwara ugbu a nke National Archaeological Museum na Madrid. Dị ka ihe e dere na oriọna a na ihe odide nke Ibn al-Khatib si kwuo, Muhammad nke III nyere ụlọ alakụba ahụ iwu ma wuchaa n'ime 1305.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} A na-edozi isi axis nke ụlọ alakụba ahụ n'akụkụ ''qibla'' dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke kwekọrọ na nhazi nke okporo ụzọ dị n'akụkụ ya. Ihe owuwu ahụ nwere ụlọ nzukọ hypostyle nwere "ụgbọ mmiri" atọ nke ahịrị nke arches atọ kewara. A na-akwado ogidi ndị ahụ site na ogidi marble nwere isi obodo yiri nke oge Cordoban Caliphate na narị afọ nke 10. E ji osisi rụọ elu ụlọ ahụ na ụlọ dị n'etiti, nke dugara na mihrab, nwere uko dị elu karịa ụlọ abụọ ugbo mmiri.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} Minaret dị warara guzo na njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụlọ ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} Mgbe mmeri Ndị Kraịst gasịrị, a gbanwere ụlọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ụka mana ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke 16, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma. E mechara kwatuo ya na 1576, tupu e wuo ụlọ ụka dị ugbu a.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=210–211}} [[Faịlụ:Rawda_of_the_Alhambra_DSCF8288.jpg|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ na mausoleum ''Rawda'' taa (nke Obí ọdụm guzo n'azụ ya). ]] === N'ozuzu === [[Faịlụ:Patio_de_la_Acequia_(Generalife)_-_DSC07863.JPG|thumb|Patio de la Acequia na Generalife n'ozuzu.]] N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alhambra na n'èzí mgbidi ya bụ Generalife (site na Arabic: جَنَّة الْعَرِيف, Jannat al-'Ārifa), ala obodo nke oge Nasrid nke Muhammad nke Abụọ na Muhammad nke Atọ wuru na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 13 na mmalite nke 14.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2000|pp=155–156}} Ọ nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe n'okpuru ndị ọchịchị Nasrid na ndị na-ewu ụlọ Christian Spanish na narị afọ nke iri na isii. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ nwere akụkụ anọ nwere ogige ndị a chọrọ mma na njedebe ọ bụla. Nnukwu ogige ntụrụndụ mara mma site na narị afọ nke 20 na-anọ n'ebe dị nso n'obí eze mbụ taa. Obí eze Nasrid jikọtara ya na Alhambra site na paseeji nwere mgbidi nke gafere ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti ha.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=219–237}} == Usoro inye mmiri == [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_(5987161547).jpg|thumb|Mmiri nke ''Acequia Real'', nke na-eweta mmiri n'ime mgbidi Alhambra (n'aka nri) ]] ''Acequia del Sultan'' (nke a makwaara dị ka ''Acequia del Rey'' ma ọ bụ ''Acequia Real'') nyere Alhambra na Generalife mmiri, nke ka dị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu taa. Ọ na-adọta mmiri site na Osimiri Darro n'ebe dị elu n'okpuru ugwu Sierra Nevada, ihe dị ka kilomita 6.1 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alhambra.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Otu alaka dị obere nke a maara dị ka ''Acequia del Tercio'' kewara site na ya ọtụtụ kilomita n'elu mmiri wee gaa n'ihu n'ebe dị elu tupu ha eruo n'elu obieze na ogige Generalife. Alaka isi, na-aga n'ihu n'ala dị ala, na-abịakwa n'obieze Generalife ma na-enye mmiri na ''Patio de la Acequia'' ya a ma ama.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Ọwa mmiri abụọ ahụ na-agakarị n'elu ma akụkụ ụfọdụ na-agafe n'ime ọwa mmiri ndị e gwuru kpọmkwem n'ime nkume.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Mgbe ha rutere na Generalife, owa mmiri ahụ tụgharịrị gaa n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ wee gafee ogige ahụ. Ha na-esonyere tupu ha alaghachi na Alhambra, ebe mmiri na-abanye site na mmiri dị n'akụkụ Torre del Agua ('''Mmiri T''ọwa') n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Alhambra.{{sfn|López|2011|pp=239–257}} Site n'ebe a, a na-ebugharị ya site na obodo ahụ site na usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke conduits (acequias) na tankị mmiri (''albercones'') nke na-emepụta mmekọrịta a ma ama nke ìhè, ụda na elu n'obieze. == Ngwongwo akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe osise ==   [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_mosque_lamp_DSCF2980.jpg|thumb|Ọkụ ọkụ ọla nchara sitere na Alhambra Mosque, nke e dere na 1305 (nke dị na National Archaeological Museum). ]] Ọ bụ ezie na mgbidi na ọnụ ụlọ nke Alhambra enweghị arịa ụlọ taa, a ga-achọ ha mma ma jupụta ha na ọtụtụ ihe dịka kapet, ala cushions, na tapestries ma ọ bụ ihe ndị yiri ya a ga-akwụnye na mgbidi.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=32}} Omenala nke ịnọdụ ala n'ala na-akọwa ihe mere ụfọdụ windo dị na miradors ji dị ala, ebe anya nke ndị nọ ọdụ ga-adị.{{Sfn|Irwin|2004|p=32}} Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama dị na Alhambra bụ oriọna ọla nchara nke a kwụnyere n'ime ụlọ alakụba ahụ, nke e dere n'afọ 1305. Akụkụ bụ isi nke oriọna ahụ bụ conical n'ọdịdị, ejikọta ya na ogwe ma ọ bụ ogwe osisi n'elu nke nwere obere akụkụ dị n'etiti. A na-agbaji ọla nchara ahụ iji mepụta ihe odide Arabic na edemede ''Naskhi'' na ndabere nke ihe osise Arabesque. Mgbe mmeri 1492 gasịrị, e weghaara ya ma mee ya akụkụ nke akụ nke Kadinal Cisneros. A na-egosi ya ugbu a na National Archaeological Museum na Madrid, ọ bụ ezie na a na-echekwa ihe yiri ya na Alhambra Museum.<ref name=":43">{{Cite book|author=|first=|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain|title=Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|isbn=0870996371|editor=Dodds|location=New York|pages=|chapter=|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref>{{Sfn|López|2011|p=211}} == Mmetụta == === N'ihe owuwu === [[Faịlụ:Hau._Interiors_of_the_Winter_Palace._The_Bathroom_of_Empress_Alexandra_Fyodorovna._1870.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ịsa ahụ Alhambresque nke Empress Alexandra Feodorovna na Winter Palace.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|author=McSweeney|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080|journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture|volume=22|issue=1|pages=44–69|doi=10.1086/683080|issn=2153-5531}}</ref>]] Otụtụ ihe ncheta nke usoro ndị eze Saadian, nke chịrị [[Morocco]] na narị afọ nke 16 na nke 17, yiri ka ọ na-eṅomi prototypes a hụrụ na Alhambra, ọkachasị Ụlọikpe nke ọdụm.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Salmon|first=Xavier|title=Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550–1650|publisher=LienArt|year=2016|isbn=9782359061826|location=Paris|language=fr|pages=92, 268}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Denny|first=Walter B.|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195305135|editor=Esposito|chapter=Alhambra}}</ref> Ihe owuwu ya bụkwa ihe nlereanya e ṅomiri n'ụdị ihe owuwu "Moresque," ụdị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu na Europe na narị afọ nke 19, na mbipụta nke Owen Jones dị mkpa karịsịa n'ịtọlite mmetụta a.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=29–38}} Mgbe Owen Jones bipụtara ''Plans'' (Egwe), ''Elevations (Ogologo Ugwu)'', ''Sections'' ''and'' ''Details'' ''of'' ''the'' ''Alhambra'' (Ike na Megwa) na London site na 1842 ruo 1845, ụdị ụlọ Orientalist mara mma, nke Alhambra kpaliri nke a na-akpọ ''[[Alhambresque]]'' ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na West na narị afọ nke 19.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|author=McSweeney|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080|journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture|volume=22|issue=1|pages=44–69|doi=10.1086/683080|issn=2153-5531}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcSweeney2015">McSweeney, Anna (2015). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 "Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World"]. ''West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture''. '''22''' (1): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>69. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/683080|10.1086/683080]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:2262/108262|2262/108262]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-5531 2153-5531]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 10.1086/683080]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194180597 194180597].</cite></ref> E mesịa tinye ụdị Alhambresque n'Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, n'kedu Ussama Makdisi kpọrọ "Ottoman Orientalism."<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|author=McSweeney|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080|journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture|volume=22|issue=1|pages=44–69|doi=10.1086/683080|issn=2153-5531}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcSweeney2015">McSweeney, Anna (2015). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 "Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World"]. ''West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture''. '''22''' (1): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>69. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/683080|10.1086/683080]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:2262/108262|2262/108262]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-5531 2153-5531]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 10.1086/683080]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194180597 194180597].</cite></ref> Ojiji mbụ nke ihe atụ Alhambresque (dị ka ''sebka'') pụtara ihe n'ụlọ ndị dị n'oge ọchịchị Sultan Abdülaziz (r. 1861–1876) na Istanbul, dịka ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị egwu dị na Beyazıt Square (c. 1865), nke bụ ugbu a ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke Mahadum Istanbul.<ref name=":16" /> Ebe ili ozu nke Fuad Pasha (1869–70), onye letara Alhambra n'onwe ya dịka onye nnọchi anya Ottoman na 1844, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị "Moresque".{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=166}} E jikwa ụdị a mee ihe n'Obí Gezira n'ime Cairo, nke e wuru iji nabata ndị obieze maka mmeghe nke Ọwa Mmiri Suez na 1869. Khedive Isma'il nyere Owen Jones ọrụ imepụta ime ụlọ nke obí a.<ref name=":16" /> Alhambra mekwara ka e nwee ọtụtụ ụlọ: * Isaac M. Wise Temple (ụlọ nzukọ dị na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]]) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kenny, Daniel|date=1875|title=Illustrated Cincinnati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEwRAQAAMAAJ&q=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA106|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201202150/https://books.google.com/books?id=gEwRAQAAMAAJ&q=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA106|archivedate=1 February 2022|accessdate=2013-05-19|publisher=Stevens|pages=106}}</ref> * Villa Zorayda (obodo dị na St. Augustine, [[Florida|Flórida]]) <ref name="Nolan1995">{{Cite book|author=Nolan, David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmklFlgwHC4C&pg=PA46|title=The Houses of St. Augustine|publisher=Pineapple Press Inc|year=1995|isbn=978-1-56164-069-0|accessdate=1 February 2022}}</ref> * Villa Alhambra (obodo dị na [[Malta]]) === Na mgbakọ na mwepụ ===   [[Faịlụ:Tassellatura_alhambra.jpg|thumb|[[Tessellations]] dị ka ndị a kpaliri ọrụ [[M. C. Escher]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|author=Gelgi, Fatih|url=http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Influence-of-Islamic-Art-on-MC-Escher|title=The Influence of Islamic Art on M.C. Escher|journal=The Fountain|issue=76|date=July 2010|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref>]] Tiles Alhambra dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ha nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ha niile, 17 nwere ike ime mgbakọ na mwepụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/math-art-arch.shtml#Symmetry|title=Mathematics in Art and Architecture|publisher=Math.nus.edu.sg|accessdate=4 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507151115/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/math-art-arch.shtml#Symmetry|archivedate=7 May 2015}}</ref> Nleta [[Nleta M. C. Escher|M. C. Escher]] mere na 1922 na ọmụmụ nke ojiji ndị Moor na-eji symmetries eme ihe na tebụl Alhambra kpaliri ọrụ ya na tessellation, nke ọ kpọrọ "nkewa nke ụgbọelu."<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|author=Gelgi, Fatih|url=http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Influence-of-Islamic-Art-on-MC-Escher|title=The Influence of Islamic Art on M.C. Escher|journal=The Fountain|issue=76|date=July 2010|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref>  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}  == Ihe odide ==  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}  * {{Cite book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 1: From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354)|first=Antonio|author=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1997|isbn=978-0-86356-466-6}} * {{Cite book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 2: (1354–1391)|first=Antonio|author=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1998|isbn=978-0-86356-467-3}} * {{Cite book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 3: From 1391 to the Present Day|first=Antonio|author=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1999|isbn=978-0-86356-589-2}} * Grabar, Oleg (1978). The ''Alhambra''. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. * {{Cite book|author=Jacobs|first=Michael|title=Alhambra|year=2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-2518-3}} * Lowney, Chris (2005). A Vanished World: Oge Ọlaedo nke Enlightenment nke Spain nke oge ochie. New York: Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, Inc. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ihe ịchọ mma nke Ụwa''. Boston: Obere, Brown na Company. * Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2000). Ogige, Ala, na Ọhụụ na Obí nke Islamic Spain, Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University Press. * Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2008). "Alhambra," na Encyclopaedia of Islam, mbipụta nke atọ. Leiden: E. J. Brill. * Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2011). Ogige na Ala Alakụba. Mahadum nke Pennsylvania Press. * {{Cite journal|date=September 2016|doi=10.1093/jis/etw016|title=The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=355–382|author=García-Pulido|first=Luis José}}  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}} * Official website * [http://www.turgranada.es/en/fichas/la-alhambra-16621/ Alhambra na turgranada.es] Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị maka njem nleta nke mpaghara Granada. * Paul F. Hoye, 1967, The [https://web.archive.org/web/20150106161348/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/196703/the.alhambra.htm Alhambra], ''Saudi Aramco World'' * Murphy, James Cavanah, 1816, The [https://web.archive.org/web/20190617152325/http://&#x3C;i&#x20;id= islamic-arts.org/2012/the-alhamra-at-granada/" id="mwEyM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Alhamra (Alhambra) na Granada], islamic-arts.org * [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/45966/rec/1 Al-Andalus: nka nke Islam Spain], akwụkwọ ngosi sitere na The Metropolitan Museum of Art (nke zuru oke n'ịntanetị dị ka PDF), nke nwere ihe gbasara Alhambra (lee ndepụta)   <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|20em}}   [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] eai5wyu7s0oc5kt3n6f9lxiofywxjjb 0 76047 655988 640513 2026-06-17T08:19:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655988 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gombeunitedfc.com/gombepage.asp?id=9|title=Gombe United Football Club|publisher=|accessdate=14 May 2018|archive-date=25 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425144350/http://www.gombeunitedfc.com/gombepage.asp?id=9|url-status=dead|archivedate=25 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425144350/http://www.gombeunitedfc.com/gombepage.asp?id=9}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naijafootball247.com/2011_01_14_archive.html|title=Naija Premier League: NPL January Transfer Update|publisher=|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naijafootball247.com/2011_01_14_archive.html|title=Naija Premier League: NPL January Transfer Update|publisher=|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref>. '''Andella Ibrahim''' (amụrụ na 2 Mee 1985<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mtnupgrade.ensight.ws/international/fifa-world-cup-2010/2010/destination-sa/&period=day&year=2012&month=5&day=2|title=Football Calendar prev next May - MTN Football|publisher=|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref> na [[Lokoja]], Kogi Steeti) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ. == Ọrụ == Ọ gbara oge afọ 2012 na Niger Tornadoes F.C..<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/sports/sport-new/38362.html|title=National Mirror - Tornadoes' skipper plays down crisis reports|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref> ma nọchite anya otu ya dị ka onyeisi ndị otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/10/03/niger-tornadoes-fc-season-review/|title=NIGER TORNADOES FC – SEASON REVIEW|date=3 October 2012|publisher=|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref> Onye na-agbachitere ahụ hapụrụ Jigawa Golden Stars F.C. na Machị 2013. wee bịanye aka na Kaduna United F.C..C . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/120930/Ibrahim_gnashes_teeth|title=Ibrahim gnashes teeth|publisher=|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref>.<ref>[http://www.sportsdayonline.com/nig_pre_league_games/1296/display Ndala, Ayuba Storm Kaduna]</ref>. === Mba Nile === Ibrahim nọchitere anya mba ya Nigeria na 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship na [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad na Tobago]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://de.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=182481/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225015016/http://de.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=182481/index.html|archivedate=February 25, 2012|title=FIFA-Turniere Spieler & Trainer - Ndala IBRAHIM|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3ratv6icbrjpph99kii7gsmvu7egimm 0 76093 655908 642208 2026-06-16T13:00:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655908 wikitext text/x-wiki   <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manny Motajo |publisher=Major League Soccer |accessdate=January 28, 2019 |url= https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/manny-motajo}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 New England Revolution Media Guide |page=21 |url=https://newengland-mp7static.mlsdigital.net/elfinderimages/media/ClubHistory_CoachandPlayerRegistry.pdf |accessdate=January 28, 2019 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135826/https://newengland-mp7static.mlsdigital.net/elfinderimages/media/ClubHistory_CoachandPlayerRegistry.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=June 12, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135826/https://newengland-mp7static.mlsdigital.net/elfinderimages/media/ClubHistory_CoachandPlayerRegistry.pdf }}</ref>. '''Manny Motajo''' (amụrụ na Febụwarị 13, 1970)bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria lara ezumike nka nke gbara bọọlụ dịka onye nchekwa n'ọrụ ya na USISL, Continental Indoor Soccer League na Major League Soccer. Na 1987, Motajo malitere ọrụ ya na First Bank F.C. na Nigeria National League. Na 1989, ọ banyere na Howard University na United States. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Howard site na 1989 ruo 1992. Na 1994, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Washington Mustangs na USISL. O wee kwaga na Washington Warthogs na Continental Indoor Soccer League maka oge egwuregwu n'ime ụlọ nke 1994 na 1995. Motajo dọtara anya ndị na-achọ ihe si na Major League Soccer n'oge nnwale mbụ nke otu egwuregwu ahụ. Nke a mere ka a họrọ ya na February 1996, site na Los Angeles Galaxy na agba nke 9 (nke 84 n'ozuzu) na MLS Inaugular Player Draft nke 1996. Ọ gbara egwuregwu iri abụọ maka Galaxy na 1996, mana a gbahapụrụ ya na Nọvemba 8. Na 1997, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Jacksonville Cyclones nke USISL A-League. Mgbanwe Ọchịchị New England bịanyere aka na Motajo na Mee 22, 1998. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFDE1139F931A15756C0A96E958260|date=May 22, 1998|title=Transactions|work=The New York Times|accessdate=January 28, 2019}}</ref> Ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na asaa maka Revolution n'ime oge abụọ tupu ewepụ ya na June 15, 1999 iji kpochapụ ebe maka Chaka Daley bịanyere aka na nso nso a.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CE6DD1138F936A25755C0A96F958260|date=June 15, 1999|title=Transactions|work=The New York Times|accessdate=January 28, 2019}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na otu n'agbata afọ 1988 na afọ 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MLS Player Biographies|first=Dave|author=Litterer|date=August 22, 1996|accessdate=January 28, 2019|url=http://people.umass.edu/litterer/mls/mls-bios3.html}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] krp0c6fn07xmbvwpiz74oaghgi5vvsc 0 76136 655950 644736 2026-06-17T00:10:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Mmegharị mba ụwa megidere echiche nke njirimara nwoke na nwanyị}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}} [[File:Marcha por la Vida 2018 Perú (1).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|"Okike agaghịzi adị": ndị na-eme ngagharịiwe si [[Con mis hijos no te metas]] ("Emela ka ụmụ m ghara inwe nsogbu") n'oge ngagharị iwe [[pro-life]] na [[Lima]], Peru, 2018|alt=Anti-gender march in Lima, Peru]] [[File:Pikieta modlitewna przeciwników ideologii geneder na placu Zbawiciela 01.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|"Okike bụ ọnwụ{{snd}} ọ na-egbu njirimara, mkpụrụ obi na ahụ": mkpesa megide "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" na [[Warsaw]], Poland, 2014|alt=Anti-gender protest in Warsaw, Poland]] '''Mmegharị megide okike''' bụ [[mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya]] zuru ụwa ọnụ nke megidere echiche ọ kpọrọ "echiche okike" ma ọ bụ "echiche okike". A kọwapụtara okwu ndị a nke ọma, ma gụnyekwa ọtụtụ isiokwu metụtara [[nkwado nha ụmụnwaanyị]] na [[LGBTQ movements|ikike LGBTQ]], yana [[ọganihu]] n'ozuzu. Mmegharị ahụ enwetala nkwado site n'aka otu [[ndị na-akwado ndị mmadụ n'aka nri]], òtù [[ndị na-echekwa okpukperechi]], [[ndị na-echekwa ọha mmadụ|ndị na-echekwa ọha mmadụ]], na [[ndị na-eche aka nri anya]] n'ụwa niile. Ọ na-ele ọganihu na [[nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị]] na [[ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọahụ]] anya dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye [[ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ ọdịnala]], nkwenkwe okpukpe, na ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Nkwenye nke òtù ahụ sitere na [[okpukpe Katọlik]], a pụkwara ịkọ mmalite ya na mbido afọ 1970, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dọtara uche na ndị otu ya nke ukwuu malite na 2012 ruo [[mkpesa ọha]].{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|p=12}} N'ịrụ ọrụ n'ofe mba dị iche iche, mmegharị ahụ na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche, gụnyere [[ikike ọmụmụ]], [[asụsụ gụnyere]], [[alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwoke na nke nwanyị na nwanyị]], [[ikike ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-agbanwe agbanwe|ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-agbanwe agbanwe]], [[Mmebe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya | echiche ndị na-ewu obodo gbasara okike]], na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ dịka [[ọmụmụ gbasara okike]]. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mmegharị ahụ lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem n'ihe ndị na-emegide ikike LGBTQ, ndị ọzọ na-eleba anya n'egwu sara mbara gbasara mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya metụtara nwoke na nwanyị. A katọrọ otu a maka ịgba ume [[ịkpa ókè]], imebi nchedo [[ikike mmadụ]], na ịkwalite [[ozi na-ezighi ezi]] na [[okwu mgbochi LGBTQ|okwu mkparị megide ndị LGBTQ]]. A kọwawo echiche nke "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" zuru ebe niile ma bụrụ nke e guzobere n'usoro dị ka [[ụjọ omume]]{{sfn|Careaga-Pérez|2016|p=251}}{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=1}} na [[ozizi nkwekọrịta]].{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}} == Nkọwa okwu == N'ọtụtụ mba ndị na-anaghị asụ Bekee, ndị na-emegide okike na-ezerekarị iji nsụgharị obodo nke okwu ahụ bụ ''gender'', kama ịhọrọ okwu Bekee iji gosi na okike bụ echiche ebubata ma ọ bụ nke mba ọzọ.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=14}} Okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', nke dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara mmegide nwoke na nwanyị, enweghị nkọwa doro anya ma ọ bụ nke nwere otu ihe {{sfn|Mayer|Sauer|2017|p=23}} ma na-agụnye ọtụtụ okwu dị iche iche.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=175}} Ndị ọkà mmụta dịka Stefanie Mayer na Birgit Sauer kọwara ya dị ka "ihe na-egosi ihe efu",{{sfn|Mayer|Sauer|2017|p=23}} ebe [[Agnieszka Graff]] kọwara ya dị ka okwu a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka echiche ndị Katọlik na-agbasochi anya.{{sfn|Graff|2016|p=268}} A na-ejikarị okwu ndị a bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', na ''njide nwoke na nwanyị'' eme ihe n'otu oge site n'òtù ahụ mana ha dị iche na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ nke [[ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị]]. N'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike, e nwere nnukwu arụmụka na nghọtahie; agbanyeghị, ndị na-akwado okike na-elegharakarị ihe ndị a anya.{{sfn|Kováts|2018|pp=2, 8}}{{Sfn|Butler|2024|p=19}} Elizabeth Corredor na-arụ ụka na ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ịma aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ihe]] nye echiche nnwere onwe gbasara okike, mmekọahụ, na mmekọahụ.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=617}} Corredor kwukwara na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị na-eji nkewa dị n'ime mmegharị nkwado nha umunwanyị na LGBTQ eme ihe iji mee ka ebumnuche ya gaa n'ihu.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=617}} Peixoto kwuru na okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' sitere n'ọchịchọ nwanyị iji okike eme ihe kama mmekọahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertolucci Peixoto |first=Tatiana |date=2026-03-12 |title=Gender ideology |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-026-09832-z |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |language=en |doi=10.1007/s10624-026-09832-z |issn=0304-4092}}</ref> Òtù ahụ na-ebo ọtụtụ mmadụ na otu dị iche iche ebubo ịkwalite ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị''. Ndị a gụnyere ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọkachasị ndị a maara dị ka [[Liberalism|liberal]], ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ọ bụ ndị aka ekpe; [[Mmegide ikike ụmụnwaanyị|ikike ụmụnwaanyị]] na [[Ndị na-akwado LGBTQ]]; ndị ọrụ amụma okike na nchịkwa ọha; na ndị ọkà mmụta pụrụ iche na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike. Site n'ịkọwa ndị a dị ka ndị na-akwado ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', mmegharị ahụ na-eme ka mmegide megide nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na atụmatụ dị iche iche dịkwuo elu.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=176}} Ndị na-akwado mmegide nwoke na nwanyị nwere ike igosi [[European Union]] na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị ọtụtụ [[Lobbying|lobbies]] ji aka ha mee ihe, dịka ndị America billionaires, [[Ozizi Marxism omenala | Ndị Marxist omenala]], [[Ozizi Masonic nzuzo | Ndị Freemason]], [[Mmegide-nwanyị|ndị na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị]], [[Agenda nwoke idina nwoke|Ndị LGBTQ na-akwado]], ma ọ bụ [[Akụkọ nzuzo ndị Juu|Ndị Juu]].<ref name="BJSO 2024">{{cite journal |last1=Salvati |first1=M. |last2=Pellegrini |first2=V. |last3=De Cristofaro |first3=V. |last4=Giacomantonio |first4=M. |date=January 2024 |title=What is hiding behind the rainbow plot? The gender ideology and LGBTQ+ lobby conspiracies (GILC) scale |journal=[[British Journal of Social Psychology]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] on behalf of the [[British Psychological Society]] |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=295–318 |doi=10.1111/bjso.12678 |issn=2044-8309 |pmid=37606152 |s2cid=261062493 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Proponents present themselves as defenders of [[Freedom of speech|free speech]], [[Freedom of thought|thought]], and conscience against the "gender ideology", which they label as "[[totalitarian]]".{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}}{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|pp=2, 6}}{{sfn|Corredor|2019|pp=628–629}} Ndị na-akwado echiche na-arụ ụka na "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" sitere na [[cabal]] nke ndị isi rụrụ arụ na-akwalite,{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}}<ref name="Conversation" /> ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi dịka European Union, [[World Health Organization]], ma ọ bụ [[United Nations]], maka ebumnuche nke ịda mbà, imebi, ma ọ bụ ibibi ezinụlọ, Chọọchị Katọlik, mba, na/ma ọ bụ [[Ọdịbendị Ọdịda Anyanwụ]].{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|p=5}}{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=176}}{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=767}} [[Donald Trump]] anabatala okwu a ma jiri ya mee ihe na [[Executive Order 14168]], nke akpọrọ "Ịchebe Ụmụnwaanyị site na echiche nwoke na nwanyị na iweghachi eziokwu sitere n'okike nye gọọmentị etiti", nke na-achọ iwepụ nnabata gọọmentị etiti nke ndị transgender ma gbanwee nchebe transgender.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump rolls back trans and gender-identity rights and takes aim at DEI |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/20/trump-executive-order-gender-sex |access-date=21 January 2025 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' malitere n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik n'afọ 1990.<ref name="Butler 2025">{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Judith |date=3 April 2025 |title=This is Wrong: Judith Butler on Executive Order 14168 |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v47/n06/judith-butler/this-is-wrong |url-access=subscription |work=London Review of Books |page=9}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=8}} Mary Anne Case dere na okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' banyere n'ihe Chọọchị Katọlik ji eme ihe na njikọ ya na [[1995 World Conference on Women]], na, karịsịa, akwụkwọ nta nke onye na-akwado ikike [[Dale O'Leary]] "Oke nwoke na nwanyị: Mwepụ nke Ụmụ nwanyị/Nyocha nke Echiche Nwoke na Nwanyị n'ịkwadebe maka Nzukọ Ụwa nke Anọ gbasara Ụmụ nwanyị", nke e nyere [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. O'Leary n'onwe ya nwetara mmụọ nsọ site n'akwụkwọ Christina Hoff Sommers nke akpọrọ ''[[Ònye zuru ikike ụmụ nwanyị?]]''.<ref name="Case" /> Okwu a batara n'ọtụtụ chọọchị dị na Latin America, tinyere [[World Congress of Families]].<ref name="Butler 2025" /> [[Pope Francis]] kwuru na "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" ga-emebi echiche Chọọchị Katọlik na [[mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị]],{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=5}} tụnyere ya na [[ngwa agha nuklia]], ma kwuo na ọ bụ otu n'ime "Ndị Herọd na-ebibi ihe, atụmatụ ọnwụ, na-emebi ihu nwoke na nwanyị, na-ebibi ihe e kere eke".<ref>{{cite news |title=Pope Francis compares arguments for transgender rights to nuclear arms |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/pope-francis-compares-arguments-for-transgender-rights-to-nuclear-arms-race-10061223.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/pope-francis-compares-arguments-for-transgender-rights-to-nuclear-arms-race-10061223.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=The Independent |date=21 February 2015 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Na 2019, Chọọchị Katọlik [[Nwoke na Nwanyị O kere Ha|wepụtara akwụkwọ mbụ dị mkpa]]<!--As seen in the Conversation link.--> na-ekwu maka "echiche nwoke na nwanyị", nke [[Gender binary|na-ekwu na e nwere naanị okike ma ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị abụọ a chọpụtara na ha bụ ndị sitere n'okike]].<ref name=Conversation/> Dịka Corredor si kwuo, <blockquote>Echiche nke Holy See dabere nke ukwuu na mmekọrịta kwụsiri ike na nke a na-atụ anya ya n'etiti mmekọahụ dị ndụ, njirimara nwoke na nwanyị, na echiche nwoke na nwanyị maka nwoke na nwanyị, nke a na-egosipụta n'ụzọ Chọọchị Katọlik si kwuo dị ka otu na naanị otu ịdị n'otu ebumpụta ụwa nke uche, ahụ, na mkpụrụ obi. N'ihi na a kwenyere na ịdị n'otu a sitere na [[Iwu Okike|Iwu Okike]] na [[Iwu Baịbụl n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst|Iwu Chineke]]—dị ka [[Mmepụta Ihe|ihe Chineke kere]] kpọmkwem—ọ gafere ndokwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mmadụ kpụrụ.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=621}}</blockquote> == Mmalite == === Nzukọ mba ụwa n'etiti afọ 1990 === A na-ahụkarị mmalite nke mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị site na mkparịta ụka dị n'ime [[Ụka Katọlik]] n'afọ 1990.<ref name=Case/><ref name=":0" /> Mkparịta ụka ndị a bụ nzaghachi nye ihe si na [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] pụta na 1994 [[Mgbakọ Mba Nile Maka Ọnụọgụgụ Mmadụ na Mmepe]] na [[Mgbakọ Ụwa Nile Maka Ụmụ Nwanyị 1995]], n'oge ahụ nke UN malitere ịnakwere [[ikike mmekọahụ na ọmụmụ nwa]].{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=9}}{{sfn|Kováts |2016|p=178}}{{sfn|Careaga-Pérez|2016|pp=251–252}} [[Holy See]] gosipụtara nchegbu na nnabata dị otu a nwere ike ibute nhazi nke [[imebi ime dị ka ikike mmadụ]], mbibi nke ịbụ nne ọdịnala, na ime ka nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke kwekọọ. N'ime ihe a, a hụrụ okwu ahụ bụ ''okike'' dịka atụmatụ iji maa "ezinụlọ eke" aka ma mebie.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=9}} Na 1997, onye America na-eme ngagharị iwe, Dale O'Leary, onye sonyere na [[Opus Dei]] ma mara ya maka [[Mmegharị Mgbochi Ime | Mgbochi Ime]] ya, bipụtara akwụkwọ akpọrọ ''The Gender Agenda''. N'akwụkwọ ahụ, O'Leary ji echiche nke okike tụnyere ọrụ nzuzo, na-ekwu, sị: "Gender Agenda na-aga n'ime obodo ọ bụghị dị ka ụgbọ mmiri dị ogologo, kama dị ka ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri, nke kpebisiri ike ikpughe ihe niile gbasara onwe ya dịka o kwere mee."{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|pp=7, 9–10}} Ntọala nkà mmụta okpukpe maka mmegide nke Chọọchị Katọlik megide ozizi okike sitere na [[[[Ozizi nke Ahụ|nkuzi nke ahụ]]'' nke [[[Jọn Paul nke Abụọ]], nke mere ka [[Mmekọahụ|mmekọahụ]] na ọrụ dị iche iche nke ụmụ nwoke na nwanyị pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|p=10}}{{sfn|Kováts|2016|pp=178–179}} Ọ bụ ezie na e guzobere usoro echiche nke mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị n'afọ 2003, ngagharị iwe a na-ahụ anya nke metụtara mmegharị ahụ malitere ịpụta ìhè na mba Yuropu n'ihe dịka afọ 2012–2013.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=12}} Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, mmegharị ahụ agbasaala karịa mmalite Katọlik ya, na-enweta nkwado sara mbara n'ime ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ome ihe nkiri Katọlik ka bụ ndị na-akwado ya nke ọma.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=617}} === Mmalite nke afọ 1980 nke chọọchị === Onye nyocha Mary Anne Case chọpụtara mmalite nke ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị na mbido afọ 1980, n'oge ọchịchị Kadịnal [[Joseph Ratzinger]], onye mechara ghọọ Pope Benedict XVI. N'oge ahụ, Ratzinger hụrụ etu akwụkwọ ndị nkwado nha umunwanyị si ewu ewu na Germany nke na-ekwu na okike bụ [[Mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya|nke e wuru n'obodo]]. Tinyere nke ahụ, o hụrụ mgbanwe na iwu German [[Ọnọdụ iwu nke ndị transgender | na-ekwe ka ndị transgender gbanwee okike ha n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro]], ihe ndị mere ka Vatican leba anya nke ọma. Case na-ekwu na nkwupụta maka ikike ndị transgender, tinyere nkwado nha umunwanyị, bụ ihe ndị Vatican na-echegbu gbasara ''okenye nwoke na nwanyị''. Okwu ndị a abụghị ihe mgbakwunye ọhụrụ kama ọ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa na Chọọchị lekwasịrị anya na mmetụta nke mmepe iwu gbasara okike.<ref name="Case">{{cite journal |last1=Case |first1=Mary Anne |title=Trans Formations in the Vatican's War on 'Gender Ideology' |journal=[[Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]] |issn=0097-9740 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |url=https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=13570&context=journal_articles |date=2019 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=639–664 |doi=10.1086/701498|s2cid=149472746 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Mmepe ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu == === Nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị dị iche iche ma ọ bụ nkwado ụmụ nwanyị dị oke mkpa maka okike === Ndị ọkà mmụta Serena Bassi na Greta LaFleur na-ahụ na a naghị ahụkarị mmegharị [[trans-exclusionary radical feminist]] (TERF) na mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dị iche, n'agbanyeghị ọdịiche na mmalite maọbu na ebumnuche ha.<ref name=Bassi>{{cite journal |last1=Bassi |first1=Serena |last2=LaFleur |first2=Greta |title=Introduction: TERFs, Gender-Critical Movements, and Postfascist Feminisms |journal=[[Transgender Studies Quarterly]] |date=2022 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1215/23289252-9836008|s2cid=253052875 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Nnyocha nke Pearce, Erikainen, na Vincent mere gosiri na okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara mmegide nwoke na nwanyị, malitere inweta mmetụta n'okwu TERF n'ihe dị ka afọ 2016.<ref name=Pearce>{{cite journal |last1=Pearce |first1=Ruth |last2=Erikainen |first2=Sonja |last3=Vincent |first3=Ben |title=TERF wars: An introduction |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=677–698 |doi=10.1177/0038026120934713|s2cid=221097475 |doi-access=free |hdl=2164/18988 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Claire Thurlow na-arụ ụka na nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akatọ okike na-adaberekarị na [[Transphobia|transphobic]], [[ihe gbasara omume]], na echiche [[Nkwekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị|nkwekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị]] gbasara ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-ekwu na àgwà ndị a na-ejikọta ikike ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị na-abụghị ndị otu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị na-emegide ụmụ nwanyị na mmegharị ndị ọzọ na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thurlow |first1=Claire |title=From TERF to gender critical: A telling genealogy? |journal=[[Sexualities (journal)|Sexualities]] |date=2022 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=962–978 |doi=10.1177/13634607221107827|s2cid=252662057 }}</ref> [[Judith Butler]] akọwaala ngagharị echiche megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ihe [[Afọ-fascism Neo-fascism|Afọ-fascism Neo-fascism]] ma dọọ ndị mmadụ na otu aka ekpe aka ná ntị ka ha ghara iso ya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Judith Butler 'Who Is Afraid of Gender?' |date=7 June 2023 |url=https://www.gender.cam.ac.uk/news/professor-judith-butler-who-afraid-gender-lecture-recording-now-available |publisher=[[University of Cambridge]] |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta egosila na ihe pụrụ iche nke mmegharị ahụ dị na ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ọdịnala nke [[Antifeminism|mgbochi-feminism]]. [[Andrea Pető]] na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa" nke e zubere iji gbanwee usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ụwa niile.{{sfn|Pető|2021|p=42}} Njikọta okwu na atụmatụ a na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti nnwere onwe nwanyị na-abụghị nke ndị ọzọ na mkpọsa mgbochi okike sara mbara, n'agbanyeghị ntọala echiche ha dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Korolczuk |first=Elżbieta |date=2016-02-19 |title=The Vatican and the Birth of Anti-Gender Studies |journal=Religion and Gender |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=293–296 |doi=10.18352/rg.10181 |issn=2589-8051|doi-access=free }}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta ekwuola na ịkwalite ọnọdụ ndị na-akatọ nwoke na nwanyị n'ime ngalaba iwu dịka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị sara mbara, na-ekwu maka [[Reem Alsalem]] dị ka ihe atụ pụtara ìhè.<ref name=Duffy2024>{{cite book |last1=Duffy |first1=S. A. |year=2024 |chapter=‘Ideological Colonising’: The Influence of Anti-Gender Movements on Domestic and International Human Rights Law |editor-last1=Paige |editor-first1=T. P. |editor-last2=O'Hara |editor-first2=C. |title=Queer Encounters with International Law: Lives, Communities, Subjectivities |publisher=Routledge |pages=175–199 |doi=10.4324/9781032643106-12 }}</ref><ref name=Zwingel>{{cite book |title=Feminist Responses to Crises and Dehumanization: Transnational Scholar-Activist Perspectives |last1=Zwingel |first1=Susanne |last2=Hernandez |first2=Brianna N. |last3=Turbino Torres |first3=Luisa |publisher=Routledge |date=2025 |isbn=9781032805382 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Paige |first1=Tamsin Phillipa |last2=O'Hara |first2=Claerwen |year=2024 |chapter=(Re)queering international law |editor-last1=Paige |editor-first1=T. P. |editor-last2=O'Hara |editor-first2=C. |title=Queer Encounters with International Law: Lives, Communities, Subjectivities |publisher=Routledge |pages=1–12 |doi=10.4324/9781032643106-1 |isbn=978-1-032-64310-6 }}</ref> === Mmetụta mba ọzọ === Akụkọ nke [[European Parliament]] nyere iwu na 2021 chọpụtara njikọ dị n'etiti mmụba nke mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị na Europe na ego sitere na [[mkpọsa ozi ụgha]]. [[Asasa ozi Russia|Russia]] kwadoro mkpọsa ndị a n'ọtụtụ akụkụ,<ref name=Disinformation>{{cite web |title=Disinformation campaigns about LGBTI+ people in the EU and foreign influence |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/653644/EXPO_BRI(2021)653644_EN.pdf |publisher=European Parliament |date=2021 |pages=4, 21–22}}</ref> yana [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri dị anya|n'aka nri dị anya]] na otu [[ndị Kraịst dị aka nri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Who's financing the 'anti-gender' movement in Europe? |date=27 May 2021 |url=https://www.aidsmap.com/news/may-2021/whos-financing-anti-gender-movement-europe |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> Akụkọ ahụ mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na atụmatụ ọchịchị obodo nke gọọmentị Rọshịa gụnyere ịkwalite njikọ aka na otu ndị nwere otu echiche ma kpachara anya mebie [[European Union]] (EU). Atụmatụ a gụnyere ịkwado otu aka nri n'ime EU iji mee ka esemokwu dịkwuo elu ma mebie njikọ aka.<ref name="Disinformation" /> == Isi ihe na nsogbu ndị dị mkpa == Ndị isi na-akwado ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị gụnyere Dale O'Leary, [[Michel Schooyans]], [[Tony Anatrella]], [[Gabriele Kuby]], na Marguerite Peeters.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=10}}{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=179}} Ndị otu na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-emegide ụfọdụ [[ikike ọmụmụ]], ọkachasị [[Mmegharị Mgbochi Ime | Imepụ Ime]], yana [[Mmegide ikike LGBTQ|ikike LGBTQ]], karịsịa [[alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị]], yana ụfọdụ mkpọsa megide [[ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị]].{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=175}}{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=2}} Ha nwekwara ike ịkatọ mmemme [[Iwu mgbochi mmegbu|mgbochi mmegbu]],{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=614}} [[agụmakwụkwọ gbasara mmekọahụ]] n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na [[ọmụmụ gbasara okike]] n'agụmakwụkwọ ka elu.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=175}}<ref name=":0" /> Dịka Kováts si kwuo, ọ bụghị mmegharị niile dabara n'okpuru aha "mgbochi okike" (site na mmegide "okike" ma ọ bụ "echiche okike") bụ n'ụzọ doro anya [[Mgbochi-nwanyị|onye na-emegide nkwado nha nwanyị]] ma ọ bụ onye na-emegide-LGBTQ,{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=176}} na mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ ihe ọhụrụ dị iche na mmegide ụmụ nwanyị na [[ndị na-edina ụdị onwe]] gara aga.{{sfn|Kováts|2020|p=76}} Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị abụghị otu ihe ahụ na ndị aka nri dị anya, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ndị otu aka nri niile na-akwado echiche megide nwoke na nwanyị, ebe ndị otu na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-agbasa karịa ndị otu aka nri.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=184}} ===Asụsụ gụnyere mmadụ niile=== Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị na-elekwasịkarị anya [[asụsụ gụnyere]] dịka akụkụ nke mgbalị sara mbara iji guzogide amụma okike na-aga n'ihu. Beck kwuru, na mba ndị na-asụ German, na asụsụ gụnyere nwoke na nwanyị "bụ ihe na-akpata mwakpo 'mgbochi nwoke na nwanyị'" ma na-akọwa ndị mmegide dị ka "akụkụ dị mkpa nke 'mgbasa' ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sara mbara megide okike, njikọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri dị anya na otu ndị na-echekwa echiche na ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ọha mmadụ German" nke a pụrụ iwere dị ka "àkwà mmiri mkparịta ụka n'etiti otu ndị a".<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Beck | first1 = Dorothee | chapter = The Crusade Against Gender-Inclusive Language in Germany: A Discursive Bridge Between the Far Right and the Civic Mainstream | editor-last1 = Beck | editor-first1 = Dorothee | editor-last2 = Habed | editor-first2 = Adriano José | editor-last3 = Henninger | editor-first3 = Annette | title = Blurring Boundaries: 'Anti-Gender' Ideology Meets Feminist and LGBTIQ+ Discourses | publisher = Barbara Budrich | year = 2024 | pages = 109–126 | doi = 10.2307/jj.8692983.8 | jstor = jj.8692983.8 | isbn = 978-3-8474-2684-4 | quote= Gender-inclusive language aims at representing gender diversity and gender equality linguistically (...) in German-speaking countries, it is a trigger point for ‘anti-gender’ attacks }}</ref> Lucy Jones dere, n'akwụkwọ ya gbasara asụsụ, okike, na mmekọahụ, na ndị na-emegide okike na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri [[na-akatọ okike]] na-ajụkarị ịnabata asụsụ gụnyere mmadụ na nke na-abụghị nke abụọ, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara [[nnochiaha]] na nnabata nke njirimara transgender na nke na-abụghị binary. Jones kwuru na ndị na-akatọ ụmụnwaanyị na-ajụkarị omume asụsụ nke na-akwado njirimara trans na nke na-abụghị nke abụọ, ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-ekwu maka nchekwa nke "[[ikike ndị metụtara mmekọahụ]]" dị ka ihe akaebe. Ọ na-ahụ na a na-ejikarị echiche abụọ na nke dị mkpa nke na-akọwa "nwanyị" naanị dị ka onye [[e kenyere nwanyị mgbe a mụrụ ya]] emepụta nguzogide a.<ref name=Jones>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Lucy |date=2023 |title=Language, gender and sexuality in 2022: Documenting and resisting regressive ideology |journal=Gender and Language |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1558/genl.26176 |url=https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.26176 |ref=Jones }}</ref> Site n'enyemaka nke mmụta a, Jones kọwara iguzogide asụsụ na-agụnye mmadụ niile dịka akụkụ nke "nlekọta uche sara mbara na ahụ ndị trans" na ụdị njikwa asụsụ nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịgọnarị izi ezi nke njirimara trans na nke na-abụghị binary.<ref name=Jones/> Jones kọwara usoro mkparịta ụka ndị a n'ime ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sara mbara site n'ihota Borba (2022), onye na-enyocha mpụta nke "ndekọ mgbochi okike" nke e ji eme mkparịta ụka maka mwepụ nwoke na nwanyị, gụnyere nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị gbasara okike. Borba na-arụ ụka na ndekọ a, nke na-adabere na echiche ndị dị mkpa gbasara mmekọahụ na okike, enwetawo mmetụta site na usoro ndebanye aha, ụzọ isi mee ka ụfọdụ echiche dị iche iche yie ihe eke ma ọ bụ ihe nkịtị. Ọ na-atụkwa aro na e meela nke a n'otu akụkụ site n'iji asụsụ nke ndị nkwado nha umunwanyị eme ihe na ngagharị iwe megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke LGBTQ, na-agbanwegharị ya iji gosipụta ihe iyi egwu nye ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ndị nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=Jones/><ref name=Borba>{{cite journal |last1=Borba |first1=Rodrigo |date=2022 |title=Enregistering 'gender ideology': the emergence and circulation of a transnational anti-gender language |journal=Journal of Language and Sexuality |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=57–79 |doi=10.1075/jls.21003.bor |url=https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.21003.bor |url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Mmegharị ndị metụtara ya == Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị nwere njikọ chiri anya na [[ndị na-akwado ọchịchị aka nri]], [[ndị mba]], na [[ndị Kraịst aka nri]].{{sfn|Dahl|kennedy-macfoy|2020|p=1}} Dịka Kuhar na Paternotte si kwuo, "mkpọsa megide okike abụghị ihe si kpọmkwem pụta site na ebili mmiri nke ndị otu aka nri na-akwado populist, mana mgbanwe gaa n'aka nri na-eme ka mkpọsa ndị a sie ike ma na-enye ha ndị na-akwado ha ọhụrụ bụ́ ndị weghaara echiche nke 'echiche nwoke na nwanyị' nke nwere ụfọdụ usoro echiche na echiche ndị otu aka nri nke ndị populist".{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=13}} Dịka ha si ahazi echiche ndị mmadụ, a na-ejikarị [[mkpebi]] eme ihe iji nweta ihe ndị otu na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị chọrọ.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=15}} == Nyocha na azịza == [[UN Women]] akọwaala ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka nke na-eme ka "nha nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị LGBTIQ+ bụrụ ihe iyi egwu nye ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ a na-akpọ 'ọdịnala' [...] ruo n'ókè ọhụrụ" na "iji mgbasa ozi ịkpọasị na ozi na-ezighi ezi lekwasị anya ma nwaa ime ka ndị mmadụ nwere ụdị mmekọahụ dị iche iche, njirimara nwoke na nwanyị, ngosipụta nwoke na nwanyị, na njirimara mmekọahụ."<ref name=unwomen>{{cite web |title=LGBTIQ+ communities and the anti-rights pushback: 5 things to know |date=28 May 2024 |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2024/05/lgbtiq-communities-and-the-anti-rights-pushback-5-things-to-know |publisher=[[UN Women]] |access-date=15 June 2024}}</ref> ===Mmegharị azụ ma ọ bụ mmegharị ihe na-eme ihe ike=== A na-arụrịta ụka banyere ókè mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị si bụrụ mmeghachi omume nye ihe omume na mmegharị ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ mmegharị na-agba mbọ ịmepụta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=2}} [[Hande Eslen-Ziya]] na-arụ ụka na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị dabere na ihe ọ kpọrọ "sayensị troll", nke ọ kọwara dị ka "arụmụka sayensị (gbagọrọ agbagọ) nke e ji mee mkparịta ụka ndị na-akwado ndị mmadụ, na-emepụta akụkọ ọzọ gbasara echiche nke nha anya nwoke na nwanyị".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eslen-Ziya |first1=Hande|author-link=Hande Eslen-Ziya |title=Right-wing populism in New Turkey: Leading to all new grounds for troll science in gender theory |journal=[[HTS Teologiese Studies]] |date=2020 |volume=76 |issue=3 |doi=10.4102/hts.v76i3.6005|s2cid=224856495 |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/2682420 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ọrụ nyocha nke EU kwadoro n'ime ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị nke akpọrọ RESIST lere anya n'okwu ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị n'arụmụka ndị omeiwu na mgbasa ozi na Hungary, Poland na United Kingdom, ma chọpụta na ndị isi na-akwalite mgbasa ozi ahụ bụ ndị a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-aga n'ihu bụ "ndị ikom nọ n'ọchịchị ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na ndị nwere oke isi/ndị dị oke njọ na Europe", na mgbasa ozi ahụ tinyere aka na "ịkpalite ụjọ omume na-emerụ ahụ nke na-elekwasị anya na njirimara ndị transgender" nke ahụ na-eme ka ndị transgender bụrụ ndị a na-akpọ "arụmụka" na-enweghị mgbagha gbasara izi ezi nke ikike na ndụ ha".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hostile anti-trans politics on the rise in Europe, new research finds |url=https://gcn.ie/hostile-anti-trans-politics-rise-europe-research/ |date=25 April 2024|first1=Han |last1=Tiernan |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=GCN}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title="Anti-Gender Tactics in Europe - The RESIST project: research findings" |website=RESIST |url=https://theresistproject.eu/sdc_download/561/?key=tagmqaqrdtg7ouma0e1weisf36ftqg}}</ref> Dịka Marta Rawłuszko si kwuo, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ, n'otu akụkụ, mmeghachi omume megide ikike ọchịchị nke gọọmentị mba ahọpụtara n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche nye òtù nha anya a na-ahọpụtaghị na òtù mba ụwa, dịka [[European Union]], nke chọrọ mgbanwe. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ntuli aka ma ọ bụ ndị nnọchiteanya ha ahọpụtara anaghị akwado amụma ndị a, ha na-emepụta [[democratic deficit]].{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|pp=1, 2–3}} O kwuru na "e tinyela iwu nha anya nwoke na nwanyị n'ọrụ n'enweghị mkparịta ụka ọha na eze gbasara ya".{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=3}} Agbanyeghị, Paternotte na-arụ ụka na imepụta mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka "ihe ijuanya" bụ "enweghị ntụpọ n'echiche, adịghị ike n'ihe gbasara ahụmịhe na nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị", n'ihi na nnyocha atụnyere egosila na na mba dị iche iche, "okwu dị iche iche na-akpalite ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị".<ref name=Paternotte>{{cite news |last1=Paternotte |first1=David |title=Backlash: A misleading narrative |newspaper=Engenderings |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2020/03/30/backlash-a-misleading-narrative/ |publisher=London School of Economics |access-date=7 August 2020|date=30 March 2020}}</ref> ===Nzuko nzuzo=== N'otu oge, a kọwala echiche nke echiche nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ihe na-atụ egwu omume{{sfn|Careaga-Pérez|2016|p=251}}{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=1}} ma ọ bụ [[echiche nkwekọrịta]].{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}} Dịka mmadụ abụọ [[ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]s dere maka [[The Conversation (website)|''The Conversation'']] si kwuo, echiche nzuzo ahụ tinyere aka na arụmụka na Poland na 2020 gbasara "ma [[ọrịa COVID-19 | ọrịa coronavirus]] ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ maka ozizi okike".<ref name=Conversation>{{cite news |last1=Cichocka |first1=Aleksandra |last2=Marchlewska |first2=Marta |title=How a gender conspiracy theory is spreading across the world |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-gender-conspiracy-theory-is-spreading-across-the-world-133854 |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Nnyocha Ipsos mere n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2019 gosiri na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke Poland na-erubeghị afọ 40 kwenyere na "mmegharị LGBT na echiche nwoke na nwanyị" bụ "ihe iyi egwu kachasị na-eche ha ihu na narị afọ nke 21".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/25/anti-lgbt-rhetoric-stokes-tensions-in-eastern-europe |title=Anti-LGBT rhetoric stokes tensions in eastern Europe |last1=Walker |first1=Shaun |date=25 October 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 January 2020 |last2=Tait |first2=Christian Davies Robert |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-ewere [[mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị mgbe nwoke gasịrị]] dị ka ozizi okike. {{anchor|Democracy and liberalism}} ===Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Neoliberalism=== Ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Eszter Kováts na-ewere mpụta na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ihe mgbaàmà nke nsogbu akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na omenala miri emi nke [[ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya]] na mmeghachi omume nye [[neoliberalism]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kováts |first=Eszter |chapter=The Emergence of Powerful Anti-Gender Movements in Europe and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy |date=2017 |title=Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe |pages=175–189 |editor-last=Köttig |editor-first=Michaela |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-43533-6_12 |isbn=978-3-319-43532-9 |editor2-last=Bitzan |editor2-first=Renate |editor3-last=Petö |editor3-first=Andrea}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Birgit Sauer na-ezo aka na mmegharị ndị a dị ka, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, mmeghachi omume nye [[ịkwụsị iwu]], [[Nsogbu | Mmebi ọrụ]], mmebi nke [[ọnọdụ ọdịmma]] na ịgbasa [[enweghị nha anya | oghere dị n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sauer |first=Birgit |date=2019 |title=Anti-feministische Mobilisierung in Europa. Kampf um eine neue politische Hegemonie? |journal=Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft |language=de |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=339–352 |doi=10.1007/s12286-019-00430-8 |s2cid=203292624 |issn=1865-2646 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''LuXemburg'' na 2018, ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze Weronika Grzebalska na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Eszter Kováts na Andrea Pető nyochara okwu ahụ ''okike'' dị ka "ihe nnọchianya" nke mmegharị megide okike, nke na-ejikọta ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okpukpe dị iche iche bụ ndị na-agaghị arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ma ọ bụghị ya. Ha na-ele "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a na-akwalite megide anya dị ka ihe atụ maka enweghị ntụkwasị obi na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke usoro mmekọrịta akụ na ụba neoliberal kpatara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=Gender as symbolic glue. How 'gender' became an umbrella term for the rejection of the (neo)liberal order |url=https://www.zeitschrift-luxemburg.de/gender-as-symbolic-glue-how-gender-became-an-umbrella-term-for-the-rejection-of-the-neoliberal-order/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Zeitschrift LuXemburg |language=de-DE}}</ref> Ndị a na-ekwu na ha na-akwado echiche nwoke na nwanyị bụ ndị a na-akpọ ndị nwere ikike, na-ajụ [[Pluralism (nkà ihe ọmụma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|pluralism]] ma na-emebi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ndị aka nri.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=178}} Lorena Sosa, osote prọfesọ na [[Netherlands Institute of Human Rights]] (SIM), kwuru na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị agbaghawo ikike mmadụ, dịka nchekwa pụọ na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, ma tinye aka na [[mbibi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya]].{{sfn|Sosa|2021|p=3}} Pető na-arụ ụka na "Mmegide megide nwoke na nwanyị abụghị naanị ihe ọzọ sitere na mmegide nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ... Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke e bidoro iji guzobe usoro ụwa ọhụrụ." Ọ na-arụkwa ụka na mmegharị ahụ "jupụtara n'ịkpọasị" —na-ekwu maka mmegbu dị n'ịntanetị megide ndị na-eme nnyocha banyere okike—ma na-arụ ụka na ọ "na-awakpo nnwere onwe na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya".{{sfn|Pető|2021|p=42}} Na 2021, ọkà ihe ọmụma [[Judith Butler]] kọwara ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka usoro fascist ma dọọ ndị kpọrọ onwe ha ndị na akwado nha umunwanyị aka ná ntị ka ha ghara iso ndị otu a na-eme ihe n'ịchọta ndị trans, ndị na-abụghị ndị abụọ, na ndị nwere mmasị nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=Butler2021>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Judith |author-link=Judith Butler |date=23 October 2021 |title=Why is the idea of 'gender' provoking backlash the world over? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/commentisfree/2021/oct/23/judith-butler-gender-ideology-backlash |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=PN2021>{{cite news |last=Parsons |first=Vic |date=26 October 2021 |title=Judith Butler says the 'anti-gender ideology movement' is a dangerous 'fascist trend' |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/10/26/judith-butler-anti-gender-ideology/ |access-date=18 November 2021 |work=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref> Ndị [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchedo Nchebe nke Kanada]] kwuru na 2024 na "mmegharị megide okike" na-eyi egwu nke "ime ihe ike dị oke njọ" nke nwere ike ibute obodo LGBTQ.<ref name=cbc>{{cite news |first=Catharine |last=Tunney |date=15 February 2024 |title=CSIS warns that the 'anti-gender movement' poses a threat of 'extreme violence' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/csis-lgbtq-warning-violence-1.7114801 |access-date=1 March 2024 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]}}</ref> Na 2023, Elżbieta Korolczuk rụrụ ụka na "ọ bụ ezie na ihe omume nke ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị anaghị abụkarị ihe ike, a ga-enyochakwu atụmatụ na mkpọsa ya dị ka ihe ga-ekwe omume ibuga ihe mgbochi iji tinye aka na mwakpo ime ihe ike".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Korolczuk |first1=Elżbieta |title=Routledge Handbook of Non-Violent Extremism |date=2023 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-003-03279-3 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003032793-27/anti-gender-campaigns-threat-liberal-democracy-elżbieta-korolczuk |chapter=Anti-gender Campaigns as a Threat to Liberal Democracy |pages=347–359 |doi=10.4324/9781003032793-27}}</ref> ===Ikike LGBTQ na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị=== Marie Wittenius nke [[Heinrich Böll Foundation#Gunda Werner Institute|Gunda Werner Institute for feminism and gender democracy]] na-arụ ụka na okwu ahụ bụ "echiche okike" "na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe a na-egosi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmegide ndị Juu, ịkpọasị ndị nwoke na nwanyị na ịkpọasị ndị mmadụ, echiche ndị na-akwado agbụrụ yana ịkpọasị megide ndị isi."<ref>{{cite web |title=The transnational anti-gender movement in Europe |url=https://www.gwi-boell.de/en/2022/02/03/the-transnational-anti-gender-movement-europe |publisher=GWI |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> Na Ọgọst 2021, Kansụl nke Yuropu [[Kọmishọna maka ikike mmadụ]] [[Dunja Mijatović]] kwuru na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ "iji ajọ mbunobi ọha mmadụ dị ugbu a mee ihe ma na-awakpo ndị LGBTI iji mezuo ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ọdịmma nke ha" ma kwuo na "ịchọta ndị LGBTI maka uru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ atụmatụ dị oke ọnụ nke na-emerụ ndụ na ọdịmma nke ndị ọ metụtara ma na-emebi njikọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ozuzu ya." Kọmishọna ahụ kwuru na "site n'ịbawanye n'ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmegharị ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-abawanye nke ọma iji mebie nchekwa ikike mmadụ na Europe" ma kwubiri na "site n'ịkwado ndị LGBTI, anyị na-agbachitere ùgwù mmadụ nhata nke mmadụ niile, na-echebe ọdịmma ọha mmadụ anyị na ike nke usoro ikike mmadụ dị oke ọnụ ahịa anyị."<ref>{{cite web |title=Pride vs. indignity: Political manipulation of homophobia and transphobia in Europe |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/pride-vs-indignity-political-manipulation-of-homophobia-and-transphobia-in-europe |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2022, [[Ụlọikpe Yuropu]] [[Kọmitii Ụlọikpe Yuropu maka Ikike Ụmụnwaanyị na Ịha nhata Nwoke na Nwanyị|Kọmitii Maka Ikike Ụmụnwaanyị na Ịha nhata Nwoke na Nwanyị]] haziri nzukọ ọha na eze na "Ịlụso mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ", na-eme ka mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị pụta ìhè dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye [[nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Hearing on "Countering the anti-gender movement" |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/fr/events/details/public-hearing-on-countering-the-anti-ge/20220123CHE09901 |publisher=[[European Parliament]] |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> Na Machị 2024, ọkà ihe ọmụma Judith Butler bipụtara akwụkwọ ha akpọrọ ''[[Ònye Na-atụ Egwu Okike?]]'' mgbe ndị ngagharị iwe "na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị" wakporo ya n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dị na São Paulo na 2017.{{Sfn|Butler|2024|p=289}} Butler ji okwu ahụ bụ "mmegharị echiche megide nwoke na nwanyị" kọwaa ihe gbasara mba dị iche iche nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri aka nri dị anya ime ka "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" bụrụ "echiche efu nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya" nke na-eme ka nchekasị na egwu gbara "ezinụlọ ọdịnala" gburugburu.{{Sfn|Butler|2024}} Na 2024, [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchedo Nchebe Kanada]] kwuru na mmegharị megide okike nwere ike ibute ihe iyi egwu nke [[Mmegide Ike | Ime Ihe Ike]] nke ndị omekome na-eme megide obodo LGBTQ.<ref name=cbc/> == Site na mpaghara == [[File:Marcha contra la Ideología de Género Chile 2018 (1).jpg|thumb|"Marcha contra la Ideología de Género" ma ọ bụ "Marcha por Jesús" na [[Chile]], 27 Ọktoba 2018]] Mmegide megide nwoke na nwanyị pụtara na Yuropu na mbido afọ 2010, dịka ọ dị na 2019, ọ na-aga nke ọma na [[Latin America]].{{sfn|Corredor|2019|pp=613–614}} Mmegharị ahụ bụ [[Mbambata mba|mbata mba]], mkpọsa na mba dị iche iche na-agbaziri atụmatụ na okwu sitere na mba ndị ọzọ.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=2}} Agbanyeghị, na mba dị iche iche, mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị na-adakọ na arịrịọ maka [[ịhụ mba n'anya]] na [[ọbụbụeze mba]].{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=3}} === Europe === Tupu a malite mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na Yuropu nọ n'ụzọ a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha iji nweta nha anya nwoke na nwanyị zuru oke na ikike LGBTQ zuru oke, mmegide siri ike nke a na-ewere dị ka njide site n'oge gara aga ma ọ bụghị ya, ihe omume naanị na [[Eastern Europe]] na [[Katọlik site na mba | Mba ndị Katọlik nke Rom]]. Mmegide megide nwoke na nwanyị gosiri na echiche a ezighi ezi.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=3}} Kemgbe afọ 1990, [[European Commission]] emeela ka e nwee ike inye ego site na [[Ego Nhazi na Ego Njikọta]] dabere na amụma nha anya nwoke na nwanyị mpaghara, nke butere mgbanwe ngwa ngwa mgbe Poland [[2004 mmụba nke European Union|sonyere European Union na 2004]].{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|pp=9–10}} Na Febụwarị 2019, [[Ụlọikpe Yuropu]] mere mkpebi megide "mmeghachi omume n'ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na EU".<ref name="Paternotte" /><ref>[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0111_EN.html 2018/2684(RSP)], Experiencing backlash in women's rights and gender equality in the EU</ref> ==== Bulgaria ==== Na Febụwarị 2023, [[Bulgarian Socialist Party]] kpọrọ oku maka ntuli aka mba na "Echiche Okike". Mgbe ọnwa ahụ gasịrị, ndị otu ahụ toro mkpebi [[Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Bọlgeria|Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu]] na ọ bụ naanị mmekọahụ dị ndụ ka a pụrụ idepụta n'akwụkwọ gọọmentị nakwa na a pụghị ịgbanwe ya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/218824/The+Bulgarian+Socialist+Party+wants+to+Hold+a+Referendum+on+Gender+Ideology |title=The Bulgarian Socialist Party wants to Hold a Referendum on Gender Ideology|date=2023-02-12|access-date=2026-03-24|website=novinite.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2023/02/21/bulgarian-supreme-court-rules-against-transgender-peoples-rights/ |title=Bulgarian Supreme Court Rules Against Transgender People's Rights |date=21 February 2023 |access-date=2026-03-24|website=BalkanInsight|last=Todorov|first=Svetoslav}}</ref> ==== Croatia ==== Na 2012, gọọmentị Croatia nke [[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|SDP]] duziri tụrụ aro ''Mmụta Ahụike'' dị ka isiokwu ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ a chọrọ n'aka ụlọ akwụkwọ Croatian. A katọrọ mmemme nke onye mmụta ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke ukwuu site n'aka ndị [[Nzukọ Episcopal nke Croatia|Nzukọ Ndị Bishọp Croatia]] na njikọ ndị ọzọ dịka ndị nchebara echiche ma ọ bụ okpukperechi dika [[:hr:Grozd – Glas roditelja za djecu|GROZD]] maka iwebata ihe ha kpọrọ "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" na "mmekọ nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị" n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Croatia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GROZD: Predmet je besmislen; Jovanović: Ne želim trošiti vrijeme na njih! |url=https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/prepucavanje-ide-dalje-danas-grozd-ima-presicu.html |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=DNEVNIK.hr |language=hr}}</ref> Na 2017, [[gọọmentị Croatia]] nke aka nri etiti [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]] na-edu kwupụtara na ha ga-akwado [[Mgbakọ Kansụl nke Yuropu maka Mgbochi na Ịlụso Ime Ihe Ike Megide Ụmụnwaanyị na Ime Ihe Ike n'Ụlọ ọgụ]], nke a maara nke ọma dịka Mgbakọ Istanbul. Ọ bụ ezie na otu ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị toro ya, ihe a mere ka a katọọ ya nke ukwuu site na Mgbakọ Bishọp Croatia, Chọọchị Katọlik, na ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado omenala na ndị aka nri na otu dị iche iche dịka [[:hr:U ime obitelji|U ime obitelji]], maka ịbụ mgbakọ nke a na-ekwu na ọ na-alụso ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ ma "na-ewebata echiche nwoke na nwanyị na nzuzo" n'ime ndị omeiwu Croatia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romac |first=Denis |date=1 April 2018 |title=Rodna ideologija u Istanbulskoj konvenciji? |trans-title=Gender ideology in the Istanbul Convention? |url=https://www.dw.com/bs/rodna-ideologija-u-istanbulskoj-konvenciji-%C4%8Dinjenica-ili-teorija-zavjere/a-43198142 |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=hr}}</ref> Ndị nkatọ kọwara nke a n'ihi ederede nkwekọrịta ahụ site na iji okwu "gender" na "gender identity" n'ahịrịokwu ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ iwu Croatia malitere na opekata mpe afọ 2008 nke ejirila usoro ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Žao nam je svih koji luduju oko Istanbulske, ali rodni identitet u našem je zakonu već 10 godina |url=https://www.telegram.hr/politika-kriminal/zao-nam-je-svih-koji-luduju-oko-istanbulske-ali-rodni-identitet-u-nasem-je-zakonu-vec-10-godina/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Telegram.hr |language=hr |last1=Hr |first1=Telegram}}</ref> Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, otu atụmatụ ụmụ amaala kpọrọ "Eziokwu gbasara Mgbakọ Istanbul" (''[[:hr:Istina o Istanbulskoj|Istina o Istanbulskoj]]'') ehiwere na ebumnuche nke "ịkọwara ụmụ amaala Croatia ezi nzube" nke mgbakọ ahụ, nke a na-ekwu maka "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" na "mwakpo megide ụkpụrụ Croatian, Katọlik, na ezinụlọ".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neprihvatljivo u istanbunskoj konvenciji |url=https://istinaoistanbulskoj.info/neprihvatljivo-u-istanbulskoj-konvenciji |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Istina o Istanbulskoj |language=hr}}</ref> Atụmatụ a haziri ngagharị iwe na ngagharị iwe na [[Zagreb]] na [[Split, Croatia|Split]], nke ihe dị ka mmadụ puku iri na ise bịara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Policijske brojke: "Na prosvjedu u Splitu približno je bilo oko 15.000 ljudi" |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/policijske-brojke-na-prosvjedu-u-splitu-je-okvirno-bilo-oko-15-000-ljudi-1238838|access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Večernji.hr|language=hr}}</ref> Ebumnuche a bụ ịhazi ntuli aka maka ụmụ amaala iji kpebie ma a ga-akwado nkwekọrịta ahụ, mana ha enwetaghị mbinye aka zuru oke achọrọ iji mee ntuli aka.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Istina o Istanbulskoj' prikupila 371.821 potpis, nedostaje im nekoliko tisuća |url=https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/istina-o-istanbulskoj-prikupila-371-821-potpis-nedostaje-im-nekoliko-tisuca-20180530 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Tportal.hr |language=hr}}</ref> Òtù LGBTQ nke Croatia akpọrọ ''Trans Aid'' gbara akwụkwọ maka ịkpa ókè megide ndị transgender n'okwu ha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tužba protiv GROZD-a zbog diskriminacije trans osoba |url=https://gong.hr/2018/06/20/tuzba-protiv-grozd-a-zbog-diskriminacije-trans-oso/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=GONG.hr |date=20 June 2018 |language=hr}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ndị omeiwu Croatia kwadoro ka e mee nkwekọrịta Istanbul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Velikom većinom izglasana Istanbulska konvencija. Dalić tijesno dobila podršku |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/danas-glasovanje-o-istanbulskoj-konvenciji-i-smjeni-martine-dalic-1238791 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Večernji.hr|language=hr}}</ref> Ịbịanye aka na mgbakọ ahụ abụrụla ihe dị mkpa n'ịbawanye pati ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị aka nri na Croatia na 2020, dịka [[Àkwà Mmiri (Croatia)|Àkwà Mmiri]] (''Ọtụtụ'') na [[Àkwà Mmiri (Croatia)|Àkwà Mmiri]] (''Àkwà Mmiri Domovinski''), ndi wepụrụ ndị ntuli aka kachasị nwee nchebara echiche na [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]]. Ndị otu pati abụọ a na-akatọ ma na-awakpo "echiche nwoke na nwanyị", ndị mmadụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ikike LGBTQ, na Mgbakọ Istanbul n'okwu ha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Penava: 'Rodna ideologija neće proći' |url=https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/penava-komentirao-inicijativu-filozofskog-fakulteta-o-pokretanju-rodnih-studija-20240706 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Tportal.hr |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Domovinski pokret obećava poništavanje Istanbulske konvencije: 'To je zloćudna tvorba u hrvatskom društvu' |url=https://www.telegram.hr/politika-kriminal/domovinski-pokret-obecava-ponistavanje-istanbulske-konvencije-to-je-zlocudna-tvorba-u-hrvatskom-drustvu/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Telegram.hr |language=hr |last1=Hr |first1=Telegram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grmoja: 'Kad postanem premijer, znat će se da postoje dva roda - muški i ženski' |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/grmoja-kad-postanem-premijer-znat-ce-se-da-postoje-dva-roda-muski-i-zenski-15448855/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Jutarnji.hr |date=10 April 2024 |language=hr}}</ref> ==== France ==== [[File:Paris - La Manif pour Tous - 20140202 - 8.jpg|thumb|"Le ''gender'', c'est pas mon genre" (''okike'' ọ bụghị okike m/okike m, ọ bụghịkwa ụdị ihe m), ngosipụta nke [[La Manif pour tous]] na [[Paris]], 2 Febụwarị 2014]] [[Farida Belghoul]] na-edu ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na France.<ref name=Caldini/> na ''[[La Manif pour tous]]'' (LMPT), otu ngagharị iwe nke malitere na mbido afọ 2013 iji lụso [[alụmdi na nwunye nke nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị na France]] ma gbanwee gaa na usoro mmụta nha anya megidere mgbe alụm di na nwunye nwoke na nwoke na nwaanyị na nwanyị nke akwadoro na Mee 2013.{{sfn|Harsin|2018|pp=37–38}} Òtù na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na France agbasaala asịrị na aghụghọ ụgha, dịka nkwupụta na a na-akụzi mmetọ onwe onye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ndị France.{{sfn|Harsin|2018|p=43}}{{sfn|Gallot|Pasquier|2018}}<ref name=Caldini>{{cite news |last1=Caldini |first1=Camille |title="Masturbation", "théorie du genre" à l'école... Décryptage de cinq folles rumeurs |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/societe/education/masturbation-theorie-du-genre-a-l-ecole-decryptage-de-cinq-folles-rumeurs_516005.html |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=Franceinfo |date=28 January 2014 |language=fr}}</ref> ==== Germany ==== Na Jamanị, [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri dị anya na Jamanị (1945–ugbu a)|ndị na-eme ihe ike n'aka nri na ndị na-akwado ọchịchị aka nri]] kpara aka megide echiche nke "ara nwoke na nwanyị", nke e ji mara ya dị ka "ngwa agha" megide "ndị German" n'okwu ndị neo-Nazis kpọrọ na 2013.<ref name="Lang-2017">{{cite web |last=Lang |first=Juliane |title='Gender' und 'Genderwahn' |trans-title='Gender' and 'Gender madness' – latest bogeyman of the extreme right |url=https://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/rechtsextremismus/259953/gender-und-genderwahn |date=20 November 2017 |website=BPB |publisher=[[Federal Agency for Civic Education]] |access-date=28 August 2021 |language=de}}</ref> Ọbụnadị n'èzí oke aka nri, e nwere mkparịta ụka dị mkpa gbasara [[mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị]] kemgbe 2006, mgbe [[Eva Herman]] kwuru okwu gbasara ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọha mmadụ na ọrụ ha na-arụ nke {{Lang|de|[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]}} tụlere "ịgbanwe mgbanwe nwoke na nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị". Ndị na-eme ihe ike n'aka nri jiri nke a mee ihe dị ka mmalite maka mkpọsa ezubere iche megide ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name="Lang-2017" /> Otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị German nke aka nri, [[Alternative for Germany | AfD]] (''Alternative für Deutschland''), na-egosi njikọ ya na mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị n'akwụkwọ nta ya bụ "Isi Ihe Maka Germany". N'ime broshuọ ahụ, AfD na-emegide mmemme ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike nke ụmụ nwanyị mgbe sekọndrị gasịrị, "ịhazi okike", na mkparịta ụka gbasara mmekọahụ n'oge nwata n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programm-Faltblatt "Kernpunkte für Deutschland" (indiv.) |url=https://www.wir-lieben-deutschland.de/programm-faltblatt-kernpunkte-fur-deutschland-indiv.html |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=www.wir-lieben-deutschland.de |language=de |accessdate=31 May 2026 |archivedate=24 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224144801/https://www.wir-lieben-deutschland.de/programm-faltblatt-kernpunkte-fur-deutschland-indiv.html }}</ref> AfD gosikwara ọnọdụ ya megide nwoke na nwanyị n'akwụkwọ "Manifesto maka Germany" nke afọ 2017, na-ekwu na "echiche okike, mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị n'oge, ego gọọmentị na-enye maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, usoro oke na iwepụ asụsụ German na okwu ndị kwekọrọ na okike ga-akwụsịrịrị".<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.afd.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017-04-12_afd-grundsatzprogramm-englisch_web.pdf |title=Manifesto for Germany |date=2017-04-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-03-24}}</ref> Ndị otu AfD ahaziela ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị n'obodo dịka [[Munich]] na 2023, na-emesi ike ihe egwu a na-ahụ dịka "mgbasa ozi nwoke na nwanyị" megide ụmụaka. Òtù na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị egosila isi ihe kpatara mmụba ngwa ngwa nke AfD, ebe otu ahụ na-egosi nchekwa nke "ezinụlọ ọdịnala" dị ka isi ihe dị mkpa maka ikpo okwu ha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Hajek |first=Katharina |date=27 February 2020 |title=The AfD and right-wing (anti-)gender mobilisation in Germany |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2020/02/27/the-afd-and-right-wing-anti-gender-mobilisation-in-germany/ |work=Engenderings |publisher=[[London School of Economics]] |location=London}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2013, njikọ aka ngagharị iwe [[fundamentalist Christian]] {{ill|Demo für Alle|de|v=sup}} emeela ngagharị iwe megide [[alụmdi na nwunye nke nwoke na nwoke na nke nwanyị na nwanyị]] na itinye aka na okike.<ref name="Schlegel-2018">{{cite thesis |last=Schlegel |first=Theresa |date=9 May 2018 |title=Deutungsmuster des Geschlechterverhältnisses im "anti-genderistischen" Diskurs am Beispiel der Proteste ("Demo für Alle") gegen den Bildungsplan von Baden-Württemberg 2015 |trans-title=Patterns of interpretation of gender relations in "anti-genderist" discourse using the example of protests ("Demo für Alle") against the 2015 Baden-Württemberg education plan. |type=Master's thesis |page=<!--needed--> |publisher=University of Potsdam |docket= |oclc= |url=https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/start/0/rows/10/sortfield/score/sortorder/desc/searchtype/simple/query/theresa+schlegel/docId/41019 |access-date=28 August 2021 |language=de}}</ref> N'ọgbakọ "Demo für Alle" nke afọ 2014, onye nta akụkọ [[:de:Birgit Kelle|Birgit Kelle]] tiri mkpu na mba Jamanị "na-ejide ụmụaka ka ha na-enwe mmekọahụ ma na-akụzikwa ha ọzọ", na-abanye n'echiche nke mfu nke "[[ikike nne na nna]]" n'ịkụziri ụmụ ha ihe nke AfD jikwa mee ihe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Hungary ==== Dabere na [[Eszter Kováts]] na [[Andrea Pető]], na-ede na 2017, enweghị "mmegharị dị mkpa megide nwoke na nwanyị" na mba ahụ, mana "okwu a na-ahụ anya megide nwoke na nwanyị", karịsịa n'afọ 2010 ndị gara aga, nke ruo ugbu a na-esonyere arụmụka ọha na eze mba ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ.{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|pp=117–118}} Ha dere na okwu ndị Hungary na-ekwu maka ịkpa ókè megide nwoke na nwanyị pụtara n'afọ 2008, mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ mmụta nke otu onye omeiwu [[Fidesz]] katọrọ. Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ kwuru na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" nakwa na "ihe ize ndụ kachasị ukwuu nke usoro a bụ na ọha mmadụ ga-efunahụ njirimara mmekọahụ ha".{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|p=118}} N'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, okwu megide nwoke na nwanyị pụtara ìhè na 2010, mgbe gọọmentị aka ekpe tinyere ahịrịokwu n'ime usoro ọmụmụ mba ahụ nke na-ekwu na ndị nkuzi ụmụaka kwesịrị "ịma ụma zere ime ka echiche nwoke na nwanyị sikwuo ike na mee ka a kwụsị ajọ mbunobi gbasara ịha nhata ọha mmadụ nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị."{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|p=119}} Ndị mgbasa ozi aka nri nyere mgbanwe a ọtụtụ akụkọ; a na-ekwu na ọ na-akwalite "echiche nwoke na nwanyị".{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|pp=119–120}} ==== Italy ==== N'okpuru [[Giorgia Meloni]], onye a họpụtara dịka praịm minista na [[2022 ntuli aka izugbe nke Itali]], otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Itali nke aka nri, ''[[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]]'' (Ụmụnna nke Itali), etinyela nwoke na nwanyị n'ọnọdụ kacha mma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Meloni na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ụkpụrụ okike abụọ na omenala gbasara ezinụlọ, ijikọ okwu ndị dị otú ahụ na nchekwa nke mba Itali na ngwa okpukpe. N'ọgbakọ ntuli aka nke afọ 2019, Meloni kwuru sị: "Abụ m Giorgia, abụ m nwanyị, abụ m nne, abụ m onye Itali, abụ m onye Kraịst."<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2022 |title=Italy's far-right 'Christian mother' Meloni |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221021-italy-s-far-right-christian-mother-meloni |access-date=9 July 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |language=en}}</ref> Meloni ji ọkwa ya dịka nne, na-ewere onwe ya dị ka "ihe na-egosi mba nwere omenala na omenala, mana nke oge a"<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Indelicato |first1=Maria Elena |last2=Magalhães Lopes |first2=Maíra |date=February 2024 |title=Understanding populist far-right anti-immigration and anti-gender stances beyond the paradigm of gender as 'a symbolic glue': Giorgia Meloni's modern motherhood, neo-Catholicism, and reproductive racism |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13505068241230819 |journal=European Journal of Women's Studies |language=en |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=6–20 |doi=10.1177/13505068241230819 |issn=1350-5068|hdl=10316/115482 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ebe ọ na-agba mbọ mkpa ọ dị ichebe "ezinụlọ ebumpụta ụwa" site na iyi egwu nke "echiche nwoke na nwanyị".{{Sfn|Butler|2024}} Ndị otu [[Lega Nord]] kwadoro mmegide nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na Itali{{sfn|Donà|2020|p=161}} yana otu Pro Vita (ndị jikọtara ya na pati neo-fascist [[New Force (Italy)|New Force]])<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/extra-per-voi/2017/07/06/tutti-legami-pro-vita-forza-nuova-0f71ba70-6254-11e7-84bc-daac3beed6c1.shtml Tutti i legami tra Pro Vita e Forza Nuova]</ref> na Manif wụsa Tous Italia, nke e mesịrị kpọọ Generazione Famiglia.{{sfn|Bellè|Poggio|2018|p=120}} Na ntuli aka izugbe nke Italy [[2018]], Lega Nord tinyere ndị otu Katọlik n'ime ndepụta ntuli aka ya, wee mechie njikọ aka megide okike.{{sfn|Donà|2020|p=162}} ==== Lithuania ==== Ntuli aka [[ndị omeiwu Lithuania nke 2020]] na nguzobe nke njikọ aka n'etiti [[Homeland Union]] na [[Freedom Party (Lithuania)|Freedom Party]], nke nwere echiche dị mma gbasara amụma metụtara LGBTQ, dugara n'ịmepụta mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dịka [[Lithuanian Family Movement]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis (in Lithuanian) |url=https://seimusajudis.lt/ |website=Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis}}</ref> na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka [[National Alliance (Lithuania)|National Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politinės partijos "Nacionalinis susivienijimas" programa (in Lithuanian) |url=https://susivienijimas.lt/programa/ |website=[[National Alliance (Lithuania)|National Alliance]] |date=17 March 2020}}</ref> ==== Norway ==== Ọkammụta ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike [[Elisabeth L. Engebretsen]] achọpụtala otu dị iche iche dịka alaka Norway nke [[Nkwupụta Ụmụ Nwanyị Mba Nile]] na LLH2019, otu òtù nke [[LGB Alliance]] nke kpọrọ onwe ya nwanne, dị ka ndị isi na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na Norway. Dịka Engebretsen si kwuo, otu ndị a bụ akụkụ nke "ihe iyi egwu dị mgbagwoju anya nye ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya".<ref name="Engebretsen">{{cite book |last1=Engebretsen |first1=Elisabeth L. |chapter=Scientizing Gender? An Examination of Anti-Gender Campaigns on Social Media, Norway |title=Populism and Science in Europe |pages=185–206|date=2022|isbn=978-3-030-97534-0|editor-last=Eslen–Ziya|editor-first=H.|editor-link=Hande Eslen-Ziya|editor2-last=Giorgi|editor2-first=A.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-97535-7_9|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97535-7_9}}</ref> Ọkammụta ihe gbasara okike bụ Janne Bromseth dere na [[egbe agbara na 2022 Oslo]] "mere n'ọnọdụ" nakwa na "mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị agbanweela ókèala n'arụmụka ọha na eze na Norway n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya," Nke a mere ka "ọnọdụ arụmụka siri ike karị ebe enyerela TERF ndị a haziri ahazi ohere ịtọ atụmatụ maka 'arụmụka gbasara okike' na ihe iyi egwu nke 'echiche nwoke na nwanyị' na-eyi usoro okike.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bromseth |first=Janne |url=https://www.ottar.se/%ef%bf%bcnu-foljer-ilskan-mot-medias-ansvarsloshet/ |title='Nu följer ilskan mot medias ansvarslöshet' |date=7 July 2022 |work=Ottar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712093315/https://www.ottar.se/%EF%BF%BCnu-foljer-ilskan-mot-medias-ansvarsloshet/ |archive-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> ==== Poland ==== [[File:02018 0018 Catholic anti-gay protesters during the Equality March in Rzeszów.jpg|thumb|Ndị Katọlik na-eme ngagharị iwe megide LGBTQ n'oge 2018 [[Equality marches in Poland|ngagharị nha anya]] na [[Rzeszów]], Poland]] Na ngwụcha afọ 2013, okwu ahụ bụ ''gender'' nke a na-ekwu maka mkparịta ụka agụmakwụkwọ, ghọrọ ihe a ma ama dịka akụkụ nke mkpọsa megide nwoke na nwanyị site n'aka ndị aka nri na Chọọchị Katọlik.{{sfn|Graff|2014|p=431}} Ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ahụ maka iwu [[Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi]] nke chịrị Poland n'etiti afọ 2015 na 2023 kwalitere mkpọsa megide "echiche nwoke na nwanyị" ahụ, site n'aka ndị isi Chọọchị Katọlik, na otu ndị mba ọzọ nke na-ahụ maka nnwere onwe nke Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi nwere ókèala dị mfe: [[Ndị Ntorobịa nke Poland Nile]], [[Mbilite Mba nke Poland]], na [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbawa Mba]].{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=2}} Na 2019, ndị ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze {{ill|Piotr Żuk|pl|v=sup}} na Paweł Żuk dere na: "Ndị ikike na Poland na-ahụ ma ndị otu nwanyị na ndị nwoke idina nwoke dịka ihe iyi egwu nye njirimara mba nke metụtara okpukpe Katọlik nakwa dịka ihe iyi egwu nye ụdị ezinụlọ ọdịnala na usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya."{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=3}} [[Okwu ndị na-emegide LGBTQ]] sitere n'aka ndị Poland aka nri mụbara mgbe e mechara [[2015 nsogbu ndị si mba ọzọ kwabata na Yuropu]], nke okwu ndị na-emegide ndị si mba ọzọ pụta ìhè.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santora |first1=Marc |title=Poland's Populists Pick a New Top Enemy: Gay People |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/world/europe/poland-gay-rights.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=7 April 2019}}</ref> Site n'okwu ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị, obodo LGBTQ jere ozi dị ka onye iro ma ọ bụ onye iro mmụọ ọjọọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị na-akwado ọha mmadụ chọrọ.{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|pp=19–20}} Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2020 gbasara [[ihe atụ nnọchiteanya]] nke 1,000 ndị Poland chọpụtara na 30% kwenyere na e nwere nzukọ ''nwoke na nwanyị'', "a kọwara ya dị ka atụmatụ nzuzo iji bibie omenala Ndị Kraịst site n'ịchịkwa mgbasa ozi ọha na eze".<ref name="Conversation" /> Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na nkwenye na ''nzukọ nwoke na nwanyị'' ejikọtaghị ya na okpukperechi; o jikọtara ya nke ọma na nkwenye na Chọọchị Katọlik kwesịrị ịnọ n'ọkwa dị mma n'obodo na ịjụ ndị LGBTQ dị ka ndị agbata obi.<ref name="Conversation" />{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|pp=775–776}} Marta Rawłuszko na-atụ aro na ndị Poland nwere ike ịchọta atụmatụ aghụghọ n'ihi atụmatụ ndị e mere n'oge [[Polish People's Republic|ọchịchị kọmunist]].{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=17}} Na Juun 2020, onyeisiala Poland [[Andrzej Duda]] nke Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi dọtara uche mgbe ọ kpọrọ [[echiche LGBTQ|LGBTQ "echiche"]] na ụdị "neo-Bolshevism", tupu [[2020 ntuli aka onyeisiala Poland]].<ref name=Krakow>{{cite news |last1=Hoffman |first1=Steven |title=What is 'LGBT ideology', and why are Polish people talking about it? |url=http://www.krakowpost.com/22453/2020/06/what-is-lgbt-ideology-and-why-are-polish-people-talking-about-it |access-date=5 August 2020 |work=[[The Krakow Post]] |date=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dellanna |first1=Alessio |title=LGBT campaigners denounce President Duda's comments on "communism" |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/06/15/polish-president-says-lgbt-ideology-is-worse-than-communism |access-date=5 August 2020 |work=[[Euronews]] |date=15 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ====Sweden==== Mgbasa ozi megide nwoke na nwanyị na-akawanye njọ na mba Sweden. Ndị ọkà mmụta edekọọla etu mba Swidin, n'agbanyeghị aha ya dịka mba nhata nwoke na nwanyị, si emetụta ihe a kpọrọ "onye nzuzu [[de-democratization]]", nke na-eme ka mba ahụ nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu, usoro nke obere mana mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mkparịta ụka na-emebi ụkpụrụ [[Democracy Liberal|Democracy Liberal]] site na ime ka ndị mmadụ na-adịghị ike dịka ndị trans, ndị si mba ọzọ kwabata, na ndị agbụrụ ha pere mpe.<ref name="Karlberg">{{cite journal |last1=Karlberg |first1=Eva |last2=Korolczuk |first2=Elżbieta |last3=Sältenberg |first3=Hansalbin |title=Insidious de-democratization: Conceptualizing anti-gender politics in Sweden |journal=[[Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=2025 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=732–748 |doi=10.1080/09589236.2024.2446345 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwalite okwu mkparị megide nwoke na nwanyị na Sweden, gụnyere ndị otu aka nri [[Sweden Democrats]] na [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]], ndị megidere mgbanwe iwu na-eme ka ikike ndị transgender sikwuo ike.<ref name="Grahn"/> Ndị otu a na-akwado mmegide ha n'ihe gbasara ichekwa ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụkpụrụ ndị Sweden. N'otu oge ahụ, echiche ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị amụbaala n'etiti ụfọdụ otu ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike bụ́ ndị na-akpọ "[[ndị na-akatọ nwoke na nwanyị]]". Otu ihe atụ pụtara ìhè bụ [[Swedish Women's Lobby]] (SWL), nke ndị ọkà mmụta na otu ndị obodo katọrọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya maka ịnakwere ọnọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị mmadụ.<ref name="Alm">{{cite journal |last1=Alm |first1=Erika |last2=Engebretsen |first2=Elisabeth Lund |title=Gender Self-identification |journal=[[Lambda Nordica]]|date=2020 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=48–56 |doi=10.34041/ln.v25.613|hdl=11250/3048285 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Grahn">{{cite journal |last1=Grahn |first1=Michal |last2=Holm |first2=Malin |title=Trans inclusive no more? Allies and adversaries of gender self-identification in Sweden |journal=European Journal of Politics and Gender |date=2025 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=234–241 |doi=10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000052}}</ref><ref name="Karlberg"/> Na 2025, SWL wepụtara otu Women's Platform for Action International (WoPAI), otu netwọk mba ụwa nke na-akwalite "[[ikike ndị metụtara mmekọahụ]]" ma na-emegide ihe ọ kpọrọ "mmegharị na-akwado nwoke na nwanyị", "[[atumatu queer]]" na echiche nke [[njikọ nwoke na nwanyị]].<ref name="who">{{cite web |url=https://www.womensplatformforaction.org/why-wopai-is-needed/ |title=Why WoPAI is needed |date=5 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220151317/https://www.womensplatformforaction.org/why-wopai-is-needed/ |publisher=Women's Platform for Action International (WoPAI) |archive-date=2025-02-20}}</ref> Nnyocha na-egosi na mbọ ndị a na-alụso nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ na Sweden abụghị naanị ikike iwu kamakwa mmepụta ihe ọmụma, gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike na agụmakwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, nke ndị nkatọ na-akpọkarị dị ka echiche ma ọ bụ ihe na-abụghị sayensị. Ndị mmegide na-ejikarị arụmụka gbasara ichebe "ezi uche" na "sayensị" na mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-egosipụta akụkọ ndị metụtara mmegharị mba ụwa nke ndị aka nri na ndị populist.<ref name="Karlberg"/> Mmụba nke mkparịta ụka megide nwoke na nwanyị na-abawanye na mmụba nke ime ihe ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iyi egwu, karịsịa ndị na-akwado mgbanwe ụmụ nwanyị, ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na ndị na-akwado agbụrụ. Nke a gụnyere mmegbu n'ịntanetị, iyi egwu, na mmegbu ọha. Ndị nchọpụta na-arụ ụka na ime ihe ike dị otú ahụ, ma ihe nnọchianya ma ihe anụ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ka ndị na-anaghị anabata echiche na imebi ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref name="Karlberg"/> === North America === ==== Canada ==== N'afọ 2023, ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe megide LGBTQ, nke akpọrọ "1 Million March 4 Children", mere n'obodo dị iche iche na Kanada.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Week |first1=Peterborough This |title=Police close George Street for 1 Million March 4 Children protest and counter-protest in Peterborough |url=https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/police-close-george-street-for-1-million-march-4-children-protest-and-counter-protest-in/article_c5f930a1-dae2-5b42-83b1-aeffec7f0433.html |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=The Peterborough Examiner |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cross-country rallies against 'gender ideology' in schools met with counter-protests |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/cross-country-rallies-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-met-with-counter-protests-1.6569373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920165221/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/cross-country-rallies-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-met-with-counter-protests-1.6569373 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CTV News]] |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why were there anti-LGBTQ2S+ demonstrations in Toronto? |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/why-were-there-anti-lgbtq2s-demonstrations-in-toronto-1.6569354 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=CP24 |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds show up at rallies for and against teaching gender diversity in B.C. schools |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sogi-marches-bc-1.6972195 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> Ndị ngagharị iwe kwadoro ka e wepụ "aha ndị a na-akpọ aha, echiche nwoke na nwanyị na ụlọ ịsa ahụ agwakọtara agwakọta" n'ebe agụmakwụkwọ dị,<ref name="chch 1">{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Aru |title=Counter-rallies set amid Canada-wide protests against gender identity education |url=https://www.chch.com/counter-rallies-set-amid-canada-wide-protests-against-gender-identity-education/ |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=www.chch.com |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> ma kwuo na ụmụaka na-enweta isiokwu "na-ekwesịghị ekwesị" gbasara mmekọahụ na [[njide nwoke na nwanyị]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Cross-country rallies against 'gender ideology' in schools met with counter-protests |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/events-planned-across-canada-to-counter-upcoming-anti-lgbtq2s-rallies-1.6569373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928072511/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/events-planned-across-canada-to-counter-upcoming-anti-lgbtq2s-rallies-1.6569373 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CTV News]] |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Ma ọ dịkarịa ala, e mere atụmatụ ma ọ bụ mee ngagharịiwe 63 megide ngagharịiwe ahụ.<ref name="chch 1"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bueckert |first1=Kate |title=Hundreds of protesters and counter-protesters rally in Kitchener, Guelph over LGBTQ rights in schools |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/waterloo-region-guelph-million-march-protest-counter-1.6971519 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> Na Septemba 19, 2023, otu ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị na Ontario mebiri ụlọ ọrụ atọ site na ozi ndị na-emegide LGBTQ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ontario school union tells premier to speak out after offices vandalized with anti-LGBTQ messages |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/cupe-vandalized-london-ont-1.6972049 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=19 September 2023}}</ref> N'ịzaghachi ngagharị ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị isi ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Ontario gosipụtara nkwado ha maka ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBTQ, ndị ọrụ, na ezinụlọ.<ref name="CBC-Heated"/> Na [[Ottawa]], a nwụchiri ndị ngagharị iwe abụọ maka "ịkpali ịkpọasị" site na "igosi ihe ndị na-egosi ịkpọasị".<ref name="CBC-Heated">{{cite news |title=Arrests, heated exchanges mark rallies for and against teaching LGBTQ rights in schools |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/rallies-gender-schools-1.6972606 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> E jidere onye ọzọ maka nsogbu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three arrests made at 'Million March for Children' protest on Parliament Hill |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/three-arrests-made-at-million-march-for-children-protest-on-parliament-hill-1.6568706 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920190619/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/three-arrests-made-at-million-march-for-children-protest-on-parliament-hill-1.6568706 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Ottawa |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Onyeisi obodo Ottawa [[Mark Sutcliffe]] katọrọ ngagharịiwe ndị a,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Média |first1=Bell |title=Three arrests made at 'Million March for Children' protest on Parliament Hill |url=https://www.iheartradio.ca/580-cfra/news/ottawa-mayor-condemns-anti-lgbtq2s-million-march-for-children-rally-in-ottawa-1.20274472 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=www.iheartradio.ca |date=20 September 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref> yana obodo ndị dị ka [[Whitehorse]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Giilck |first1=T.S. |title=Whitehorse Daily Star: City, YEU condemn 'Million March 4 Children' |url=https://www.whitehorsestar.com/News/city-yeu-condemn-million-march-4-children |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[Whitehorse Daily Star]] |date=19 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ==== United States ==== Na 2021, e nwere ngagharị iwe na [[Puerto Rico]] megide mmalite nke "usoro mmụta echiche nwoke na nwanyị" n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke e kere n'okpuru Gọvanọ mbụ [[Alejandro García Padilla]] ma bụrụ nke e mere n'okpuru Gọvanọ [[Pedro Pierluisi]]. Ndị ngagharị iwe kwuru na ha megidere "Echiche Okike". Ndị kwuru okwu gụnyere Bishop [[Daniel Fernández Torres]], ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Agustín Laje]], na ndị ndu okpukperechi ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/248699/march-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-held-in-puerto-rico|title=March against gender ideology in schools held in Puerto Rico}}</ref> === Latin America === ==== Brazil ==== Onye bụbu [[Onyeisiala Brazil]] [[Jair Bolsonaro]] akọwaala "ndị ọkà mmụta echiche nwoke na nwanyị" dị ka ike na-emegide Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na-agbasochi omenala anya. O kwukwara na ọ chọrọ ịmachibido "echiche nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Abdou|first=Leila Hadj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYM0EAAAQBAJ|title=The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology|date=14 August 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-000-41700-5|editor-last=Haynes|editor-first=Jeffrey|language=en|chapter=Religion and Gender}}</ref> ==== Colombia ==== N'oge ntuli aka [[2016 Colombia's convention convention conferendum]], otu Ndị Kraịst evangelical na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri bụ́ ndị megidere nkwekọrịta udo rụrụ ụka na nchekwa maka ndị LGBTQ nọ na nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ "ngwa eji etinye echiche nwoke na nwanyị".{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=614}}{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=3}}<ref name="Beltran-Creely"/> Nke a nyeere aka kpalie ọtụtụ n'ime [[Mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Evangelical na Latin America|ndị ntuli aka oziọma]] imegide nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke ndị ntuli aka jụrụ n'ikpeazụ,<ref name="Beltran-Creely">William Mauricio Beltrán, Sian Creely, ''[https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/9/12/418Pentecostals, Gender Ideology and the Peace Plebiscite: Colombia 2016]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', in ''Religions'' (2018), volume 9, issue 10</ref> 50.22% (Mba) rụọ 49.78% (Ee). === Middle East === ==== Iraq ==== N'afọ 2023, gọọmentị Iraq nyere iwu ka ọha na eze machibido ndị mgbasa ozi iji okwu ahụ bụ "okike nwoke na nwanyị". O kwukwara ka e zere okwu ahụ bụ "nwoke idina nwoke" iji kwado "mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị".<ref name="iraq">{{cite web |last=Nazzarro |first=Miranda |date=10 August 2023 |title=Iraq bans media usage of words 'homosexuality', 'gender': reports |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4146466-iraq-bans-media-usage-homosexuality-gender-reports/ |website=The Hill}}</ref> ==== Turkey ==== Gọọmentị akwadola ngagharị iwe megide LGBTQ nke a kpọrọ "Nzukọ Ezinụlọ Ukwu" site n'izipụ nkwupụta ọha na eze na TV mba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thousands gather at anti-LGBTI+ rally in İstanbul |url=https://bianet.org/haber/thousands-gather-at-anti-lgbti-rally-in-istanbul-267328 |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=bianet.org |language=en}}</ref> The state also suppresses pride parades.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2023 |title=Police detain 50 after Pride march in Istanbul |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/police-detain-50-after-pride-march-istanbul-2023-06-25/ |access-date=26 March 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Otu n'ime isi ihe kpatara ihe a ji emegide nwoke na nwanyị bụ ọgbakọ okpukpe dị na Tọki. Ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile dị mkpa nke [[People's Alliance (Turkey)|Cumhur İttifakı]] na ụfọdụ ndị a ma ama sitere na pati ndị mmegide, na-etinyekwa aka n'okwu megide nwoke na nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2023 |title=LGBTİ+ dernekleri, seçim kampanyasındaki nefret dilinden şikayetçi: 'Biz kime güveneceğiz?' |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/clm99rg915po |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=BBC News Türkçe |language=tr}}</ref> == Hukwa == * ''[[Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe]]'' – akwụkwọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo gbasara mmegharị ahụ * [[Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom]] * [[Christianity and transgender people]] * [[Discrimination against non-binary people]] * [[Gender and politics]] * [[Gender empowerment]] * [[Homosexuality and religion]] * [[Identity politics]] * [[List of conspiracy theories]] * [[Societal attitudes toward homosexuality]] * [[Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States]] == Edensibia == ;Notes {{notelist}} ;Footnotes {{reflist}} == Isi mmalite == {{refbegin|indent=yes|35em}} * {{cite book |last1=Bellè |first1=Elisa |last2=Poggio |first2=Barbara |editor1-last=Kovala |editor1-first=Urpo |editor2-last=Palonen |editor2-first=Emilia |editor3-last=Ruotsalainen |editor3-first=Maria |editor4-last=Saresma |editor4-first=Tuija |title=Populism on the loose |date=2018 |publisher=Nykykulttuurin tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja |isbn=978-951-39-7401-5 |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/57477 |chapter=New faces of populism: the Italian 'anti-gender' mobilization |chapter-url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/57477/978-951-39-7401-5.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y#page=120}} * {{Cite book |last=Butler |first=Judith |title=Who's Afraid of Gender? |date= |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |year=2024 |isbn=978-0-374-60822-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY |language=en}} * {{cite journal |last1=Donà |first1=Alessia |title=The populist Italian Lega from ethno-regionalism to radical right-wing nationalism: backsliding gender-equality policies with a little help from the anti-gender movement |journal=European Journal of Politics and Gender |date=2020 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=161–163 |doi=10.1332/251510819X15657567135115 |s2cid=202306955}} * {{cite journal |last1=Careaga-Pérez |first1=Gloria |title=Moral Panic and Gender Ideology in Latin America |journal=Religion and Gender |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=251–255 |doi=10.18352/rg.10174 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Corredor |first1=Elizabeth S. |title=Unpacking 'Gender Ideology' and the Global Right's Antigender Countermovement |journal=[[Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]] |date=2019 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=613–638 |doi=10.1086/701171 |s2cid=150203294}} * {{cite journal |last1=Dahl |first1=Ulrika |last2=kennedy-macfoy |first2=madeleine |title=(Anti) Gender Studies and Populist movements in Europe |journal=[[European Journal of Women's Studies]] |date=2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=282–284 |doi=10.1177/1350506820929220 |s2cid=219756407}} * {{cite journal |last1=Gallot |first1=Fanny |last2=Pasquier |first2=Gaël |title=L'école à l'épreuve de la 'théorie du genre' : les effets d'une polémique: Introduction |journal=Cahiers du Genre |date=2018 |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=5– |doi=10.3917/cdge.065.0005 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Graff |first1=Agnieszka |author-link=Agnieszka Graff |title=Report from the gender trenches: War against 'genderism' in Poland |journal=European Journal of Women's Studies |date=2014 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=431–435 |doi=10.1177/1350506814546091 |s2cid=147367936}} * {{cite journal |last1=Graff |first1=Agnieszka |title='Gender Ideology': Weak Concepts, Powerful Politics |journal=Religion and Gender |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=268–272 |doi=10.18352/rg.10177 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Harsin |first1=Jayson |title=Post-Truth Populism: The French Anti-Gender Theory Movement and Cross-Cultural Similarities |journal=[[Communication, Culture and Critique]] |date=2018 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=35–52 |doi=10.1093/ccc/tcx017}} * {{cite book |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |editor1-last=Köttig |editor1-first=Michaela |editor2-last=Bitzan |editor2-first=Renate |editor3-last=Petö |editor3-first=Andrea |title=Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-43533-6 |pages=175–189 |chapter=The Emergence of Powerful Anti-Gender Movements in Europe and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Kuhar |editor1-first=Roman |editor2-last=Paternotte |editor2-first=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |chapter=Anti-gender discourse in Hungary: A discourse without a movement? |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |last2=Pető |first2=Andrea |pages=117–132}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |title=Questioning Consensuses: Right-Wing Populism, Anti-Populism, and the Threat of 'Gender Ideology' |journal=[[Sociological Research Online]] |date=2018 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=528–538 |doi=10.1177/1360780418764735 |s2cid=149904118}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Kováts |editor-first=Eszter |editor2-first=Maari |editor2-last=Põim |date=2015 |title=Gender as Symbolic Glue. The Position and Role of Conservative and Far Right Parties in the Anti-gender Mobilisation in Europe. |publisher=Foundation for European Progressive Studies and [[Friedrich Ebert Foundation]] |url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/budapest/11382.pdf}} * {{cite book |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |editor1-last=Dietze |editor1-first=Gabriele |editor2-last=Roth |editor2-first=Julia |title=Right-Wing Populism and Gender: European Perspectives and Beyond |date=2020 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=978-3-8394-4980-6 |chapter=Post-Socialist Conditions and the Orbán Government's Gender Politics between 2010 and 2019 in Hungary |pages=75–99 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/42823107}} * {{cite book |last1=Kuhar |first1=Roman |last2=Paternotte |first2=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |chapter=Introduction}} * {{cite journal |last1=Marchlewska |first1=Marta |last2=Cichocka |first2=Aleksandra |last3=Łozowski |first3=Filip |last4=Górska |first4=Paulina |last5=Winiewski |first5=Mikołaj |title=In search of an imaginary enemy: Catholic collective narcissism and the endorsement of gender conspiracy beliefs |journal=[[The Journal of Social Psychology]] |date=2019 |volume=159 |issue=6 |pages=766–779 |doi=10.1080/00224545.2019.1586637 |pmid=30870100 |s2cid=78092505 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/73073/4/In%20Search%20of%20an%20Imaginary%20Enemy1.pdf |ref={{sfnref |Marchlewska et al. |2019}}}} * {{cite book |first1=Stefanie |last1=Mayer |first2=Birgit |last2=Sauer |editor1-last=Kuhar |editor1-first=Roman |editor2-last=Paternotte |editor2-first=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |title-link=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |chapter='Gender ideology' in Austria: Coalitions around an empty signifier}} * {{cite book |last1=Pető |first1=Andrea |title=Gender and Power in Eastern Europe |date=2021 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-53130-0 |pages=35–44 |chapter-url=https://hal.science/hal-04215248/file/Feminist_Stories_from_an_Illiberal_State.pdf |chapter=Feminist Stories from an Illiberal State: Revoking the License to Teach Gender Studies in Hungary at a University in Exile (CEU) |series=Societies and Political Orders in Transition |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-53130-0_4 |s2cid=228869405}} * {{cite journal |last1=Rawłuszko |first1=Marta |title=And If the Opponents of Gender Ideology Are Right? Gender Politics, Europeanization, and the Democratic Deficit |journal=Politics & Gender |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=301–323 |doi=10.1017/S1743923X19000576 |s2cid=210541940}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sosa |first1=Lorena |title=Beyond gender equality? Anti-gender campaigns and the erosion of human rights and democracy |journal=Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights |date=2021 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=3–10 |doi=10.1177/0924051921996697 |s2cid=232132773|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |url=https://www.wydawnictwo.wsb.pl/sites/wydawnictwo.wsb.pl/files/czasopisma-tresc/chsp_14_net.pdf#page=13 |journal=Chorzowskie Studia Polityczne |issue=14 |date=2017 |last=Wawrowski |first=Łukasz |title=Czy jest sens dyskutować z przeciwnikami tzw. ideologii gender? |language=pl |trans-title=Does it make sense to debate the opponents of the so-called gender ideology? |pages=13–}} * {{cite journal |last1=Żuk |first1=Piotr |last2=Żuk |first2=Paweł |title='Murderers of the unborn' and 'sexual degenerates': analysis of the 'anti-gender' discourse of the Catholic Church and the nationalist right in Poland |journal=Critical Discourse Studies |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=566–588 |doi=10.1080/17405904.2019.1676808 |s2cid=210358322}} {{refend}} == Ịgụkwu ihe == {{refbegin|indent=yes|35em}} * {{cite book |title=Anti-Gender Movements on the Rise? Strategising for Gender Equality in Central and Eastern Europe |date=2015 |publisher=[[Heinrich Böll Foundation]] |isbn=978-3-86928-139-1 |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2015/04/21/anti-gender-movements-rise |series=Publication Series on Democracy |volume=38}} * {{cite book |last1=Graff |first1=Agnieszka |last2=Korolczuk |first2=Elżbieta |title=Anti-Gender Politics in the Populist Moment |url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/50542 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |hdl=20.500.12657/50542 |isbn=978-1-000-41334-2 |language=en}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Hark |editor1-first=Sabine |editor2-last=Villa |editor2-first=Paula-Irene |title=Anti-Genderismus: Sexualität und Geschlecht als Schauplätze aktueller politischer Auseinandersetzungen |date=2017 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=978-3-8394-3144-3 |language=de, en |trans-title=Anti-genderism: Sexuality and gender as arenas of current political conflicts}} <!-- Review: http://www.ethik-und-gesellschaft.de/ojs/index.php/eug/article/viewFile/eug-2-2017-rez-5/517 --> *Aiko Holvikivi, Billy Holzberg, Tomás Ojeda, eds. (2024): ''Transnational Anti-Gender Politics: Feminist Solidarity in Times of Global Attacks'', Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-3-031-54222-0 * {{cite journal |last1=Krampl |first1=Ulrike |last2=von Tippelskirch |first2=Xenia |title=Anti-Gender-Bewegungen in Europa. Erste kritische Bestandsaufnahmen |journal=L'Homme |date=2017 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=101–108 |doi=10.14220/lhom.2017.28.2.101 |language=de}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Kuhar |editor1-first=Roman |editor2-last=Paternotte |editor2-first=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |title-link=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last1=Lavizzari |first1=Anna |title=Protesting Gender: The LGBTIQ Movement and its Opponents in Italy |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-76792-6}} * {{cite book |last1=Sauer |first1=Birgit |editor1-last=Atzmüller |editor1-first=Roland |editor2-last=Aulenbacher |editor2-first=Brigitte |editor3-last=Brand |editor3-first=Ulrich |editor4-last=Décieux |editor4-first=Fabienne |editor5-last=Fischer |editor5-first=Karin |editor6-last=Sauer |editor6-first=Birgit |title=Capitalism in Transformation: Movements and Countermovements in the 21st Century |date=2019 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-78897-424-0 |pages=169–182 |chapter=Cultural war 2.0? The relevance of gender in the radical populist-nationalist right}} * {{cite book |last1=Towns |first1=Ann |title=Culture and Order in World Politics |date=2020 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-48497-8 |pages=271–293 |chapter=Gender, Nation and the Generation of Cultural Difference across 'The West'}} {{refend}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/tag/anti-gender-politics/ Anti-gender politics] at [[London School of Economics]] blogs * [https://www.ilga-europe.org/responding-to-anti-gender Responding to anti-gender] at [[ILGA-Europe]] [[Category:21st-century social movements]] [[Category:Anti-gender movement| ]] [[Category:Anti-LGBTQ sentiment]] [[Category:Anti-rights movements]] [[Category:Christian fundamentalism]] [[Category:Discrimination against transgender people]] [[Category:LGBTQ-related controversies]] [[Category:Moral panic]] [[Category:Radical feminism]] [[Category:Religion and LGBTQ people]] [[Category:Right-wing politics]] [[Category:Right-wing populism]] [[Category:Scares]] [[Category:Sexuality and gender-related conspiracy theories]] [[Category:Social conservatism]] [[Category:Transgender topics and religion]] [[Category:Transphobia]] 9wb0xdfg186y0dc4bpqmt4lfe36tq4e 0 76141 655957 644753 2026-06-17T01:47:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Goyi Aliyu''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Mohammed Goyi Aliyu.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na Febụwarị 12, 1993) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]]. == Ọrụ == Aliyu malitere ịgba bọọlụ na Lima Primary School wee sonye na 2008 na Niger Tornadoes bụ ndị nwetara egwuregwu mbụ ya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kickoff.com/static/news/article.php?id=11800|title=Pen Pix of Glory-chasing Eaglets|author=|date=|website=kickoff.com|accessdate=6 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2011 ọ hapụrụ klọb Naijiria Niger Tornadoes wee bịanye aka na Villarreal C.F. nke Primera División.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsatnine.info/newsoffice/preview.php?id=711|title=Obuh names Musa, 20 others for AYC|author=|date=|work=newsatnine.info|accessdate=6 June 2017|archivedate=22 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322161653/http://newsatnine.info/newsoffice/preview.php?id=711}}</ref> Na Disemba 13, 2011, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ogologo oge maka otu egwuregwu Premier League nke Ukraine bụ Tavriya . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sctavriya.com/?page=news&id=1210|title=Сайт sctavriya.com не настроен на сервере|author=|date=|work=sctavriya.com|accessdate=6 June 2017|archivedate=19 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419092416/http://sctavriya.com/?page=news&id=1210}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Sam John Obuh kpọrọ ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa nke na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa maka iko mba ụwa FIFA nke afọ 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=315444/index.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120718191356/http://en.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=315444/index.html|archivedate=July 18, 2012|title=FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Mohammed ALIYU|author=|date=|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=6 June 2017}}</ref> Obuh kpọrọ onye na-agbachitere ya na 12 Eprel 2011 maka 2011 African Youth Championship na South Africa. <ref>[http://africanfootball.mtnfootball.com/live/content.php?Item_ID=42547 Nigeria's Flying Eagles up close] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318000334/http://africanfootball.mtnfootball.com/live/content.php?Item_ID=42547 |date=2012-03-18 }}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mohammed Goyi AliyunaUAF (n'asụsụ Ukrainian) * Mohammed Goyi Aliyun'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1gjra8xdkajg4ismvgivqkq2lusfanh 0 76166 656004 645391 2026-06-17T11:08:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na arụmụka nke usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke abụọ nke nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} [[File:Pro-ERA March during 1980 Republican National Convention (Detroit, Michigan).jpg|thumb|Foto sitere na ngagharị iwe nke ndị na-akwado [[Mmezi Ikike Nha nhata]] na [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]], 1980, n'oge [[Nzukọ nke abụọ nke ụmụnwaanyị|usoro nke abụọ nke nkwado nha ụmụnwaanyị]]. E ji okwu a kpọrọ "Ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" mee ihe dịka okwu a ma ama ma na-akpọsa ndị mmadụ n'oge ngagharị iwe ndị a.|292x292px]] '''''Ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị''''', a na-akpọkwa ya '''''Ihe nzuzo bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị''''', bụ arụmụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke a na-eji dị ka okwu mkparịta ụka site n'aka [[mmegharị ụmụ akwụkwọ | mmegharị ndị na-akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ]] na [[mmegharị nke abụọ nke nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị]] site na ngwụcha afọ 1960. N'ime mmegharị [[nha umunwanyị]] nke afọ 1960 na 1970, a hụrụ ya dị ka ihe ịma aka nye [[ọchịchị nwoke]], [[ezinụlọ nuklia]] na [[ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ]]. Edemede nke onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị [[Carol Hanisch]] nke afọ 1969, "Onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị." A kọwawo okwu na echiche a ugboro ugboro dị ka njirimara doro anya nke nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ, [[njikarị nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị]], [[ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị]], ma ọ bụ nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu.<ref name="Lee 2007 163–179">{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Theresa Man Ling |date=2007 |title=Rethinking the Personal and the Political: Feminist Activism and Civic Engagement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4640110 |journal=Hypatia |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.2007.tb01326.x |jstor=4640110 |s2cid=146667829 |issn=0887-5367|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị omenkà nwanyị ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka nkà ihe ọmụma dị mkpa maka ọrụ nka ha. ==Mmalite na ihe ọ pụtara== Okwu ahụ bụ́ "ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" bụ ihe a ma ama site n'aka [[nkwado nha nwanyị nke abụọ]] na ngwụcha afọ 1960, ọ dịkwa mkpa na [[mmegharị ikike obodo]], [[mmegharị ụmụ akwụkwọ]], na [[mmegharị ike ojii]]. O gosipụtara njikọ dị n'etiti ahụmịhe onwe onye na nnukwu usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ime mmegharị nkwado nha ụmụnwaanyị nke afọ 1960 na 1970, ọ bụ ihe ịma aka nye [[ezinụlọ nuklia]] na [[ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ]] nke sitere na usoro [[Patriarchy|ọchịchị nna]] agbakwunyere. O manyere ndị otu ọha mmadụ ka ha gbaa akaebe ihe a na-ewere dị ka "ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" ma tụgharịa uche n'otú ahụmịhe ndị mmadụ si emetụta echiche nke eziokwu.<ref name="academic.oup.com">{{cite book |last1=Heberle |first1=Renee |chapter=The Personal Is Political |title=The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory |editor1-first=Lisa |editor1-last=Disch |editor2-first=Mary |editor2-last=Hawkesworth |pages=593{{ndash}}609 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.31 |year=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> A na-amata okwu ndị a na-ewerebu dị ka mmebi iwu omume ma ọ bụ obere ihe n'ihe omume kwa ụbọchị dị ka ụkpụrụ nhazi mmegbu.<ref name="academic.oup.com"/> [[File:Notice_to_All_Governments_(Back_side_of_flyer).tif|alt="Notice to All Governments," a flyer released by the New York Wages for Housework Committee in 1974.|thumb|507x507px|Akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi nke [[Ụgwọ Ọrụ Ụlọ|Kọmitii Ọrụ Ụlọ New York]] mepụtara ma kesaa na 1974 nke na-eji usoro nke "onwe bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" iji lebara [[Ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ|ọrụ ụlọ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ]] ụmụ nwanyị anya dị ka "nsogbu a na-ahụkarị" nke chọrọ "mgbarịta ụka nkịtị."]] Echiche ahụ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị enweghị obi ụtọ n'ọrụ ha dịka ndị nwunye na ndị nne bụ ihe nzuzo. Agbanyeghị, "ihe gbasara onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" na-arụ ụka na nsogbu nkeonwe nke ụmụ nwanyị (dịka ọmụmaatụ mmekọahụ, [[ilekọta ụmụaka]], na ụmụ nwanyị anaghị enwe afọ ojuju na ndụ ha n'ụlọ) bụ okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke chọrọ ntinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji mepụta mgbanwe. "Ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" dọtara uche gaa na mmekọrịta a ma jụ nkwupụta na okwu ndị a bụ nsogbu onwe onye nke kwesịrị idozi n'onwe ya na site n'aka onye ọ bụla.<ref name="Rogan 132">{{Cite journal |last1=Rogan |first1=Frances |last2=Budgeon |first2=Shelley |date=August 2018 |title=The Personal is Political: Assessing Feminist Fundamentals in the Digital Age |journal=Social Sciences |language=en |volume=7 |issue=8 |page=132 |doi=10.3390/socsci7080132 |issn=2076-0760 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Nke a mesiri ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa ọbụna n'ọnọdụ na mmekọrịta nkeonwe.<ref name="Grant 1993 404–411">{{cite journal |last=Grant|first=Judith |date=1993 |editor1-last=Haug |editor1-first=Frigga |editor2-last=Carter |editor2-first=Erica |editor3-last=Frug |editor3-first=Mary Jo |editor4-last=Jones |editor4-first=Kathleen B. |editor5-last=Hirschmann |editor5-first=Nancy J. |editor6-last=Phillips |editor6-first=Anne |title=Is the Personal Still Political? |url=https://jstor.org/stable/4316294 |journal=[[Feminist Formations|NWSA Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=404–411 |jstor=4316294 |issn=1040-0656}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, okwu mkparị ahụ na-ekwu maka echiche na ụmụ nwanyị nwere njirimara karịrị akarị n'agbanyeghị [[agbụrụ]], [[Agbụrụ (nhazi mmadụ)|agbụrụ]], klaasị, omenala, [[ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye]], [[Mmekọahụ mmadụ|mmekọahụ]] na [[nkwarụ]] site n'ịgba ndị mmadụ ume iche echiche banyere ahụmịhe nkeonwe ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Geoghegan|first1=Vincent |title=Political Ideologies: An Introduction| last2=Wilford|first2=Rick |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn= |edition=4th |location=London |pages=179–208}}</ref> Na 1970, okwu ahụ pụtara ìhè site na mbipụta edemede nke afọ 1969 site n'aka onye na-akwado ndị inyom [[Carol Hanisch]] n'okpuru aha ya bụ "Ndụ onwe onye Bụ nke Ndọrọndọrọ Ọchịchị".<ref name="Smith2012">{{cite book |last=Smith|first=Dale M. |title=Poets Beyond the Barricade: Rhetoric, Citizenship, and Dissent after 1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUNq2Ni019wC&pg=PA153 |access-date=1 August 2012 |date=15 January 2012 |publisher=[[University of Alabama Press]] |isbn=9780817317492 |pages=153–}}</ref> Hanisch jụrụ na ọbughi ya dere okwu ahụ, na-ekwu na "Dịka m maara, ọ bụ ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ''[[New York Radical Women|Notes from the Second Year]]'' [[Shulamith Firestone|Shulie Firestone]] na [[Anne Koedt]] mere nke ahụ mgbe [[Kathie Sarachild]] dọtara uche ha dị ka akwụkwọ enwere ike ibipụta na nchịkọta mbụ ahụ."<ref name="The Personal is Political">{{cite web |last1=Hanisch |first1=Carol |author-link=Carol Hanisch |title=The Personal is Political |url=http://www.carolhanisch.org/CHwritings/PIP.html |access-date=2019-02-11 |website=carolhanisch.org}}</ref> Dịka Kerry Burch, Shulamith Firestone, [[Robin Morgan]] si kwuo, na ndị ọzọ na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị e nyere otuto maka mmalite nke okwu ahụ ajụkwala ịbụ onye dere ya. Burch dere, sị, "Kama nke ahụ, ha na-akpọ ọtụtụ nde ụmụ nwanyị n'okwu ọha na eze na nkeonwe dị ka ndị dere okwu ahụ."<ref name="Burch139">{{Cite book | publisher = Continuum | isbn = 9781441112132 | last = Burch | first = Kerry T. | title = Democratic transformations: Eight conflicts in the negotiation of American identity | location = London | date = 2012 | page = 139 }}</ref> [[Gloria Steinem]] atụọla ikwu na ọ bụ ya dere okwu ahụ dị ka ikwu na ọ bụ ya dere "Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ".<ref name="Burch139" /> A kọwawo okwu a ugboro ugboro dị ka njirimara nke usoro nke abụọ nke nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị, [[usoro nke nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị]], [[ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị]], ma ọ bụ nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu.<ref>"The great thrust of radical feminist writing has been directed to the documentation of the slogan 'the personal is political.'" {{Cite book | publisher = Routledge | last = McCann | first = Carole |author2=Seung-Kyung Kim | title = Feminist theory reader: Local and global perspectives | location = London | date = 2013 | page =191}}</ref><ref>"At the heart of Women's Studies and framing the perspective from which it proceeds was the critical insight that 'the personal is political.'" {{Cite book | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | isbn = 9780230605794 | last = Ginsberg | first = Alice E | title = The evolution of American women's studies: reflections on triumphs, controversies, and change | location = New York | date = 2008 | page = [https://archive.org/details/evolutionofameri0000unse/page/69 69] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/evolutionofameri0000unse/page/69 }}</ref> ==Akwụkwọ akụkọ Carol Hanisch== Carol Hanisch, onye otu [[New York Radical Women]] na onye ama ama na [[Women's Liberation Movement]], dere otu akụkọ na-agbachitere mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke [[òtù ndị na-akwalite uche]] na Febụwarị 1969 na [[Gainesville, Florida]].<ref name=Hanisch2006>{{Cite web | last = Hanisch | first = Carol | title = The Personal Is Political: The Women's Liberation Movement classic with a new explanatory introduction | access-date = 7 September 2014 | date = January 2006| url = http://www.carolhanisch.org/CHwritings/PIP.html }}</ref> E bu ụzọ dee ya nye ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị nke [[Southern Conference Educational Fund]] dịka azịza nye akwụkwọ ozi nke onye ọrụ SCEF [[Dorothy Zellner]] dere, e bu ụzọ nye akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ aha ya bụ, "Echiche Ụfọdụ n'ime Nzaghachi nye Echiche Dottie [Zellner] Banyere Mmegharị Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ Nwanyị". N'oge ahụ, Hanisch bụ onye ọrụ Fund nke dị na New York City ma na-akwado maka itinye aka na nhazi pụrụ iche maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị na [[Ndịda United States|Ndịda Amerịka]].<ref name=Hanisch2006 /> Hanisch chọrọ ịkatọ echiche ahụ na [[Mmekọahụ | Mmekọahụ]], [[Ọdịdị ahụ dị mma | ọdịdị]], [[Mmegharị ikike ime ime | ime ime]], nlekọta ụmụaka, na [[Ngalaba ọrụ ezinụlọ]] bụ naanị okwu onwe onye na-enweghị mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Iji lụso nsogbu ndị a na ndị ọzọ ọgụ, ọ gbara ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha merie ịta onwe ha ụta, kparịta ọnọdụ ha na ibe ha, ma hazie ọnụ megide ọchịchị ụmụ nwoke na ọha mmadụ.<ref name=Hanisch2006 /> N'edemede ya, isi ihe Hanisch na-arụ ụka bụ na otu "ọgwụgwọ" ụmụ nwanyị (nke a maara dị ka "[[Ndị otu na-amụlite uche | ndị na-amụlite uche]]") ekwesịghị iwere dị ka "ndị na-anaghị anọchite anya uche" ma ọ bụ "ndị na-ele anya n'otu ebe" dịka ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ siri kwuo<ref name="Hanisch1970">{{cite book |last=Hanisch |first=Carol |url=http://www.carolhanisch.org/CHwritings/PIP.html |title=Notes from the Second Year: Women's Liberation |publisher=Radical Feminism |year=1970 |editor-last=Firestone |editor-first=Shulamith |location=New York |chapter=The Personal is Political |quote=I wish to take issue with the belief that... these groups are 'navel-gazing' or 'personal therapy'. |editor2-last=Koedt |editor2-first=Anne}}</ref> mana kama ha bụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị miri emi ka ha na-eleba anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ndụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ihi nhazi nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ na-agba mbọ ime ka eziokwu ahụ pụta ìhè na ekwesighi iwere nsogbu ndị a dị ka nsogbu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na-akpata kama site na usoro mmegbu, a ga-emesokwa ha dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike iyi naanị ndị mmadụ.<ref name="The Personal is Political"/> Hanisch anaghị eji okwu ahụ bụ "ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" n'edemede ahụ, kama o dere, sị:<ref name="Hanisch2006" /> :Otu n'ime ihe mbụ anyị na-achọpụta n'ìgwè ndị a bụ na nsogbu onwe onye bụ nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Enweghị azịza nkeonwe ugbu a. Naanị ihe dị mkpa bụ ime ihe ngwọta ọnụ. E bipụtara edemede ahụ n'okpuru aha ya bụ "The Personal Is Political," n'akwụkwọ "Notes from the Second Year: Women's Liberation" n'afọ 1970. Onye dere edemede ahụ kwenyere na [[Shulamith Firestone]] na [[Anne Koedt]], ndị nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ ahụ, nyere edemede ahụ aha ya a ma ama.<ref name=Hanisch2006 /> E bipụtala edemede a ọzọ na ''Radical Feminism: A Documentary Reader''.<ref>{{Cite book | publisher = NYU Press | isbn = 978-0814715550 | others = Barbara A. Crow (ed.) | title = Radical feminism: A documentary reader | location = New York | date = 2000 | pages = 113–117}}</ref> == Ọtụtụ ihe ọ pụtara == Okwu a ewerela ọtụtụ ihe ọ pụtara kemgbe e mepụtara ya na 1960. Hanisch n'onwe ya hụrụ na 2006 na "Dịka ọtụtụ ozizi nke ndị dere [[Redstockings#Ideology|Ndị otu nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ dị egwu]] si kwuo, echiche ndị a agbanweela ma ọ bụ dọkapụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna guzoro n'isi ha ma jiri ha mee ihe megide ebumnuche mbụ ha, nke siri ike.<ref name="Hanisch2006" /> Nke a na-egosi etu ndị otu nkwado nha umunwanyị si kọwaa njikọ dị n'etiti onwe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụzọ dị iche iche. * Nkọwa nke bilitere na nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ bụ na mmachi ụmụ nwanyị na [[nkeonwe]] bụ okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado nha ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ ụlọ dị ka ebe mmegbu n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị enweghị nhọrọ ọzọ ma ọ bụghị ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ nwunye ụlọ ma na-arụ ọrụ ezinụlọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bernard|first1=Jessie|last2=Friedan|first2=Betty|date=August 1963|title=The Feminine Mystique|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/349095|journal=Marriage and Family Living|volume=25|issue=3|pages=381|doi=10.2307/349095|jstor=349095|issn=0885-7059|url-access=subscription}}</ref> A na-enweta ọrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị a a tụrụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị (dịka ịbụ nwanyị; nne; nwunye na-akwado) site na usoro [[mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya]]. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-enye ụmụ agbọghọ ụmụaka ụmụaka, a na-enyekwa ha ihe eji esi nri dị ka ihe egwuregwu, nke na-akụziri ha ọrụ ha bụ ịbụ nne na ịrụ ọrụ ezinụlọ. N'otu aka ahụ, e mere nhazi nke ndị ọchịchị nna ka ha tinye ọrụ nke ụmụ nwoke n'otu ụzọ ahụ (ya bụ, ịbụ nwoke, siri ike, nweere onwe ya, "[[onye na-eme achịcha | onye na-akpata nri]]"). Ya mere, dịka ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị si kwuo, ọrụ ụmụnwaanyị n'ụlọ na [[ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị|ụkpụrụ nwoke na nwanyị]] na-egosi etu e si etinye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ihe gbasara onwe onye n'ihi na ọ na-egosi ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwoke na nwanyị na nhazi nke ọha mmadụ nwere na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị. * N'ime nzuzo, a na-ekerịta ahụmịhe nkeonwe na nke ụmụ nwanyị mgbe niile. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, imebi ime bụ okwu nke jikọtara ụmụ nwanyị si na klaasị na nzụlite niile, nke mere ka ahụmịhe nkeonwe ha bụrụ nke otu.<ref name="Hannam">{{Cite book|last=Hannam|first=June|date=21 August 2013|title=Feminism|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315836089|doi=10.4324/9781315836089|isbn=9781317869818}}</ref> Ahụmịhe onwe onye nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ekerịta sitere na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ndị ọchịchị nna na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwoke na nwanyị kpatara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Budgeon|first=Shelley|date=February 2001|title=Emergent Feminist(?) Identities|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050680100800102|journal=European Journal of Women's Studies|volume=8|issue=1|pages=7–28|doi=10.1177/135050680100800102|s2cid=144417832|issn=1350-5068|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dịka [[Heidi Hartmann]] si chịkọta ya, "Arụmọrụ nke enweghị afọ ojuju ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-akwado nha ụmụ nwanyị siri ike, abụghị ịkwa ákwá nke ndị na-adịghị mma mana ọ bụ mmeghachi omume nye usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ebe a na-achịkwa ụmụ nwanyị, na-erigbu ha, ma na-emegbu ha n'ụzọ dị mfe."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hartmann |first=Heidi |author-link=Heidi Hartmann |title=The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory |date=1997 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415917612 |editor1=Linda J. Nicholson |location=New York |page=100 |chapter=The unhappy marriage of Marxism and feminism: Towards a more progressive union}}</ref> Ya mere, ịkpọsa onwe onye dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ echiche imebi ókè dị n'etiti ha abụọ ma zere mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị site n'amaghị ihe ha na-eme, ya bụ, ahụmịhe ha na-enwe n'otu.<ref name="Schuster 647–659">{{Cite journal|last=Schuster|first=Julia|date=3 February 2017|title=Why the personal remained political: comparing second and third wave perspectives on everyday feminism|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1285223|journal=Social Movement Studies|volume=16|issue=6|pages=647–659|doi=10.1080/14742837.2017.1285223|s2cid=151525059|issn=1474-2837|url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Ikwere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme naanị n'ọha na eze na-agụnyeghị nsogbu onwe onye ma na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị ghara inwe ike. Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ ike nke na-eme ma n'ebe nzuzo ma n'ebe ọha na eze nọ n'ihi na nsogbu ndị metụtara akụkụ nkeonwe (dịka [[Njikwa ọmụmụ | mgbochi afọ ime n'efu]]; [[Ụgwọ ọrụ nhata maka ọrụ nhata|ụgwọ ọrụ nhata]]) dịkwa n'ebe ọha na eze. N'ụzọ dị mfe karị, mmebe iwu na mmanye na-emetụta okwu nkeonwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, okwu gbasara ime ihe ike n'ezinụlọ, nke na-eme n'ebe nzuzo, bụ nke a na-ewepụkarị n'ọgbọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọha na eze, dịka ikike iji iwu kwadoro ma ọ bụ itinye aka.<ref>(Squires, 2004)</ref> E nwere obere nchekwa iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị, a na-ewerekwa ime ihe ike n'ezinụlọ dị ka ihe efu maka ndị uwe ojii: "Ọ bụ naanị n'ime afọ iri gara aga ka e ji ihe ike n'ezinụlọ kpọrọ ihe dị ka okwu ikpe ziri ezi mpụ." Tupu nke ahụ, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ́ 'ọ bụ naanị ihe gbasara ụlọ' akọwa ọtụtụ ikpe ndị ahụ n'okpuru kapeeti. Onye bụbu onye isi nke ikpe ọha (DPP), Keir Starmer (Starmer, 2011). N'ihi ya, nke a na-egosi na ngalaba nkeonwe na nke ọha (ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị) na-adabere n'otu. * Nkebi ahịrịokwu a na-ekwu na nsogbu onwe onye nke ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ịbụ [[Ịgba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị|ịgba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] ka ụmụ nwanyị wee nwere onwe ha n'aka ọchịchị nna.<ref name="Lee 2007 163–179"/> == Mmetụta == Okwu a ka dị mkpa n'okwu a na [[nkwado nha ụmụnwaanyị ojii]], dịka "Nkwupụta nkwado nha ụmụnwaanyị ojii" site na [[Combahee River Collective]], Edemede [[Audre Lorde]] nke "Ngwaọrụ Nna-ukwu Agaghị Akwatu Ụlọ Nna-ukwu", na akụkọ ntolite ''[[Akwa Mmiri a kpọrọ m azụ: Ihe odide nke ụmụ nwanyị agba agba ndị na-eme ihe ike dere]]'', [[Gloria E. Anzaldúa]] na [[Cherríe Moraga]] deziri ya. N'ozuzu ya, dịka [[Kimberlé Crenshaw]] si kwuo: "Usoro a nke ịmata ihe a na-ewere dị ka ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ na nke onye ọ bụla dị ka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya egosila [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara]] nke ndị Africa America, ndị ọzọ nwere agba ojii, na ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-edina ibe ha, tinyere ndị ọzọ."<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/1229039 | issn = 0038-9765 | volume = 43 | issue = 6 | pages = 1241–1299 | last = Crenshaw | first = Kimberlé | title = Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color | journal = Stanford Law Review | date = 1 July 1991 | jstor = 1229039 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.695.5934 }}</ref> Ndị isi ojii na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị gbasaara echiche nke "ndụ onwe onye bụ nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" site n'ịnagide [[Njikọ | njikọ nke agbụrụ, klaasị na mmekọahụ]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=BlackPast |date=16 November 2012 |title=(1977) The Combahee River Collective Statement • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/combahee-river-collective-statement-1977/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndị edemede ndị ọzọ dịka [[Betty Friedan]] (onye dere ''[[The Feminine Mystique]]'')<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Terry|first=Jennifer|date=2008|title=Betty Friedan: The Personal Is Political Susan Oliver|journal=The History Teacher}}</ref> a hụkwala ka ha na-agbanwe arụmụka ahụ. Betty Friedan malitere ọrụ ọhụrụ ka ọ na-enyocha echiche nke ụmụ nwanyị ịchọta afọ ojuju onwe onye n'èzí ọrụ ha na-arụ n'oge gara aga. Friedan nyere aka kwalite ngagharị ikike ụmụ nwanyị dịka otu n'ime ndị guzobere [[National Organization for Women]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/activist/betty-friedan|title=Betty Friedan|website=Biography|language=en-us|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref> [[Susan Oliver]] onye dere akụkọ ndụ ya nke akpọrọ ''Betty Friedan: The Personal Is Political,'' dabere na ahịrịokwu dị na mgbalị ya "ịdọpụ Friedan n'ọnọdụ ọrụ ya kacha ama ama ma kpọọ anyị ka anyị nyochaa ndụ ya ka anyị wee ghọta nke ọma ma nwee ekele maka 'mmetụta na mmetụta' nke ọrụ ya na ngagharị ikike ụmụ nwanyị."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oliver |first=Susan |title=Betty Friedan: The personal is political |publisher=Pearson Education, Inc |year=2008 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Terry|first=Jennifer|date=2008|title=Betty Friedan: The Personal Is Political Susan Oliver|journal=The History Teacher|pages=P1}}</ref> Isi ihe dị mkpa nke "ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" na mmegharị nke abụọ nke ndị na akwado nha umunwanyị pụtara na ọ bụ ihe na-akpali ọtụtụ mgbanwe amụma na iwu, gụnyere ihe ndị a na England: * Iwu imebi ime (1967) * Inweta ọgwụ mgbochi afọ ime na NHS (1961)<ref name="peopleshistory">{{cite web|title=Birth control and the contraceptive pill on the NHS|url=https://peopleshistorynhs.org/encyclopaedia/birth-control-on-the-nhs/|access-date=2019-02-11|website=People's history of the NHS|date=23 September 2018 }}</ref> * Inweta ọgwụ mgbochi afọ ime na NHS n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye (1967)<ref name="peopleshistory" /> * Mmebi iwu nke [[Mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị|ndina n'ike n'alụmdi na nwunye]] (1991, 2003)<ref>{{cite web|title=When did marital rape become a crime?|url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/98330/when-did-marital-rape-become-a-crime|access-date=2019-02-11|website=The Week|date=6 December 2018 }}</ref> * Mgbanwe nke Iwu Ihe Onwunwe nke Ụmụ Nwanyị nọ na Alụmdi Di na Nwunye (1964)<ref name="bl.uk">{{cite web|title=Timeline of the women's liberation movement|url=https://www.bl.uk/sisterhood/timeline|access-date=2019-02-11|website=British Library|archive-date=2018-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423221651/https://www.bl.uk/sisterhood/timeline|url-status=dead|accessdate=1 June 2026|archivedate=23 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423221651/https://www.bl.uk/sisterhood/timeline}}</ref> O dugakwara ọtụtụ ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-abụghị nke steeti, gụnyere [[Mmegide Ụmụnwaanyị maka Ịha nhata|ngaghari iwe Ụmụnwaanyị]], ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị (gụnyere ngagharị iwe megide [[Miss World 1970]]), ogbako nke otu nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị (WLM), na ebe obibi nke [[ebe mgbaba ụmụnwaanyị|ebe mgbaba ụmụnwaanyị]], [[ebe mgbaba ụmụnwaanyị]], na [[nkewa ụmụnwaanyị|obodo ụmụnwaanyị]].<ref name="bl.uk" /> Ma [[third-wave feminism]] na [[postfeminism]] na-ekwu na arụmụka nke "nka mmụta mmadụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" dị ka isi ihe dị na nkwenkwe ha, "nghọta nke abụọ' nke 'ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị' si n'ike nkọwa na nyocha ya pụta ngwa ngwa wee bụrụ ihe a ga-eji emeso ndụ ụmụ nwanyị—mgbanwe nke mechara mebie okwu ndị ahụ ọnụ."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Braithwaite |first=Ann |author-link=Anna Braithwaite |date=1 December 2002 |title=The personal, the political, third-wave and postfeminisms |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146470002762492033 |journal=Feminist Theory |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=339 |doi=10.1177/146470002762492033 |issn=1464-7001 |s2cid=144889258|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ya mere, echiche ahụ nọgidere na-emetụta mkparịta ụka nke ndị na akwado nha umunwanyị nke oge a. Ndị otu na-akwado nha umunwanyị nke atọ na-elekwasị anya na 'nkwalite nha ụmụ nwanyị kwa ụbọchị' dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ejikọta ụkpụrụ na nkwupụta ndị na-akwado nha umunwanyị na ejiji, mmekọrịta na iweghachi nkà ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ochie. Ịkwado ihe ndị a ma kwupụta na ha bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ ihe a na-ewere dị ka ijikọta onye ahụ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, otú ọ dị, a na-arụrịta ụka banyere nke a, dịka ihe okwu ahụ pụtara. Ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị nke abụọ kwenyere na ịkpọsa nhọrọ onwe onye niile bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, dịka ma ọ ga-eyi ihe e ji ehicha mbọ, anaghị elekwasị anya nke ọma n'otú usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si akpụzi "onye".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fixmer |first1=Natalie |last2=Wood |first2=Julia |title=The Personal Is ''Still'' Political: Embodied Politics in Third Wave Feminism |journal=Women's Studies in Communication |date=1 January 2005 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=235 |doi=10.1080/07491409.2005.10162493 |s2cid=143909418 |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/<96224> |access-date=2021-01-08|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ndị ọzọ na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị na-arụ ụka na ilele onye ahụ anya dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka "ndị na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị kwa ụbọchị" si eme a pụtaghị na ileghara otú ndị na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị nke abụọ si jiri okwu ahụ mee ihe anya, nakwa na nkọwa na ojiji ha kwekọrọ.<ref name="Schuster 647–659"/> ==Nka== Ndị omenkà dịka onye Australia [[Ann Newmarch]], onye hiwere [[Mmegharị Nka Ụmụnwaanyị]] na [[Adelaide]] na 1976,<ref name=kmn>{{Cite web|last=|last2=|last3=|title=Ann Newmarch|url=https://knowmyname.nga.gov.au/artists/ann-newmarch/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=[[National Gallery of Australia]]|accessdate=1 June 2026|archivedate=17 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117104954/https://knowmyname.nga.gov.au/artists/ann-newmarch/}}</ref><ref name=wam>{{cite web | title=Women's Art Movement |first1= Robin |last1=Secomb |first2=Rosemary| last2= Francis| website=[[The Australian Women's Register]]| publisher= [[University of Melbourne]] | date=1 May 2009 | url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1034b.htm | access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref> jiri nkà ihe ọmụma kwado ọrụ ya, dịka n'akwụkwọ ya [[ihe osise]], ''Ụmụ nwanyị na-ejide ọkara eluigwe''.<ref name=robinson2020>{{cite book| author=Robinson, Julie| chapter=Ann Newmarch| editor1= Bullock, N.| editor2= Cole, K| editor3= Hart, D| editor4= Pitt, E |title= Know My Name| publisher= [[National Gallery of Australia]]| date=2020| pages= 274–275| via=NGA| url=https://knowmyname.nga.gov.au/artists/ann-newmarch/}}</ref> ''Ndụ Onwe Onye Bụ Nke Ndọrọndọrọ Ọchịchị: Ihe Nka nke Ụmụ Nwanyị sitere na Nchịkọta Sara M. na Michelle Vance Waddell'' bụ ihe ngosi na Cincinnati nke gosiri otu [[Mmegharị nka ụmụnwaanyị | ndị nka na-akwado nha ụmụnwaanyị]] si ejikọta ndụ ha kwa ụbọchị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbara ha gburugburu. Ndị omenkà a jiri ngosipụta ihe okike ha kpughee njikọ dị n'etiti ebe onwe onye na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndụ ha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Personal Is Political |url=https://www.wavepoolgallery.org/thepersonalispolitical |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=Wave Pool |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Martha Wilson]] bụ onye omenkà New York nke ọrụ ya na-egosi etu ike ndị gbara ya gburugburu si kpụzie njirimara ya dịka nwanyị, dịka mmekọrịta ike, omenala na okike. Ọrụ ya na [[Portrait Society of America|Portrait Society]] na 2009 jiri [[Self-portrait|self portrait]] chọpụta otú onye ahụ si bụrụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Personal is Political {{!}} Portrait Society Gallery |url=https://www.portraitsocietygallery.com/the-personal-is-political |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=PSG |language=en}}</ref> == Ojiji nke teknụzụ == Dịka Frances Rogan na Shelley Budgeon siri kwuo n'akwụkwọ ha kpọrọ "The Personal Is Political: Assessing Feminist Fundamentals in the Digital Age," ha kwuru, teknụzụ ekewaala ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe nkeonwe na nke ọha ọbụna karịa. Ihe ndị nkeonwe, dịka [[smartphone]], na-aghọ ngwaahịa nke njikọ na nkwukọrịta ọha. A pụrụ ịhụ teknụzụ a dị ka ihe na-akpagbu ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ dị ka ohere maka ha. Mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na-enye ohere ka ukwuu ịhụ ihe ụmụ nwanyị na-eme, nke nwere ike ime ka nlekota ọha mmadụ, inyocha onwe na [[nyocha onwe onye]] dịkwuo mma, ma nwee ike imebi ihe.<ref name="Rogan 132" /> Ha na-ekwu na n'otu oge ahụ, mgbasa ozi ọha na eze nwere ike ime ihe n'ụzọ ga-egosi ahụ na ọdịdị ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ihe dị mkpa. Oghere dijitalụ dịka mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta nwere ike inye onye ọrụ ikike inye onwe ya ike site na ikpo okwu ahụ. Ikpo okwu ndị a bara uru n'ime ka a mara ihe dị mkpa gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, nakwa n'izigara ndị mmadụ ọtụtụ ahụmịhe.<ref name="Rogan 132" /> ==Mmegharị Hashtag na akụkọ onwe onye== N'elu ikpo okwu dịka Twitter na Instagram, akụkọ gbasara onwe onye na-ebu ibu ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Li<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339109648_Twitter_as_a_tool_for_social_movement_An_analysis_of_feminist_activism_on_social_media_communities#:~:text=social%20actions%20%28Study%202%29,protests%2C%20voting</ref> (2020), nyochachara hashtags na Twitị dịka #MeToo na #WhyIDidntReport nke kesara akụkọ nzuzo gbasara mwakpo mmekọahụ, nke dugara kpọmkwem n'okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Azịza nye tweet ndị a kpọrọ oku maka ngagharịiwe na ngagharịiwe, kama ime ka okwu ahụ bụrụ nke onwe. Na mgbakwunye, Lu<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376307619_The_Impact_of_Instagram_on_Feminist_Activism#:~:text=the%20</ref> (2023) kwukwara na mkpọsa ndị na-akwado nha umunwanyị na Instagram na-eme ka mmetụta a sikwuo ike n'ihi na ha na-eji onyonyo na eserese siri ike iji mebie mkpọchi okwu ndị a machibidoro iwu. Ozi ndị lanarịrịnụ na-aghọ "olu ọnụ" nke na-ejikọta ahụmịhe. Akụkọ onwe onye na-aghọ ụzọ isi kpalite mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ịntanetị. Ureta (2021)<ref>https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/3/84</ref>, na-agwa anyị na "onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" agafeela ikpe nke onye ọ bụla iji mepụta mgba otu ọnụ na mkpọsa #MeToo. == Nkatọ == Ndị otu Liberal feminist na-arụ ụka na okwu ahụ dị ize ndụ n'ihi na ọ na-emebi ókèala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa. Nke a bụ maka na a na-ekwu na ọ na-ewepụ mkpa nke akụkụ ọha na eze nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Isenberg|first=Nancy|date=September 1992|title=The Personal is Political: Gender, Feminism, and the Politics of Discourse Theory|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2712985|journal=American Quarterly|volume=44|issue=3|pages=449–458|doi=10.2307/2712985|jstor=2712985|issn=0003-0678|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Hannah Arendt]] katọrọ ya ọzọ na, n'usoro a nke imebi ókèala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, a na-agbanwe oghere ọha na eze nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ọ bụrụ oghere mmekọrịta adịgboroja nke ndị mmadụ na-anaghịzi 'eme ihe' mana naanị na-akpa àgwà dị ka [[Homo economicus|ndị na-emepụta akụ na ụba na ndị ahịa]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Benhabib|first=Seyla|date=1993|title=Feminist theory and Hannah Arendt's concept of public sphere|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/095269519300600205#articleCitationDownloadContainer|journal=History of the Human Sciences|volume=6|issue=2|pages=97–114|doi=10.1177/095269519300600205|s2cid=144223881|via=SAGE|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, dịka ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ si kwuo, nkọwa nke okwu ahụ bụ́ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị a na-emegbu n'ụlọ na-elekwasị anya nke ukwuu n'ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọcha nọ n'ọkwa etiti.<ref name="Hannam"/> Nke a anaghị agụnye ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ, ụmụ nwanyị na-alụ onwe ha, ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị ike ilekọta ụmụaka na ahụmịhe nke omenala ndị ọzọ.{{clarify|date=May 2023|reason=It's not clear that membership in these groups can't overlap with being white and middle-class}} Okwu ahụ bụ́ "ndụ onwe onye bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" emeela ka e nwee [[ọchịchọ omenala nwanyị]], nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike na-ahụ dị ka ihe mgbochi nye ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgbanwe. A na-arụ ụka na omume omenala nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị na-agba ndị na-eme ihe ike ume ka ha pụọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma nabata ọrụ ọdịnala nke ọchịchị ụmụ nwoke.<ref name="Grant 1993 404–411"/> == Hukwa == * [[Identity politics]] *[[Intersectionality]] *[[Marxist feminism]] *[[Social reproduction]] *[[Wages for housework]] *[[New York Radical Women]], [[New York Radical Feminists]], and [[Redstockings]] ==Edensibia== {{reflist}} {{Second-wave feminism}} {{Sexual revolution}} {{Feminism}} [[Category:1969 quotations]] [[Category:Feminism]] [[Category:Autonomism]] [[Category:Student protests]] [[Category:Sexual revolution]] [[Category:1969 essays]] [[Category:English phrases]] [[Category:Feminist terminology]] en5mi33r7sbihq77hcq0rayxuphobsv 0 76240 655951 645840 2026-06-17T00:14:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Gay_flag.svg|thumb|261x261px|Ọkọlọtọ egwurugwu bụ akara a ma ama nke a na-ahụkarị ka ọ na-anọchi anya ndị nwoke ma ọ bụ ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị n’ebe ndị otu okike ha nọ, ma n’oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị LGBTQ n’ozuzu ha.]] Idina nwoke bụ okwu na-ezo aka n’onye nwere mmasị mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ nke ịhụnanya n’ebe onye otu okike ya nọ, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nke inwe mmasị dị otu a. Ọ bụ ezie na a malitere iji ya n’echiche metụtara mmasị n’ebe ndị otu okike nọ n’ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ihe ọ pụtara n’echiche ahụ ghọrọ nke a na-ahụkarị n’etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ.<ref name="etymonline">{{cite web|last=Harper|first=Douglas|author-link=Douglas Harper|title=Gay|work=Online Etymology dictionary|date=2001–2013|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gay|access-date=13 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219193127/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gay|archive-date=19 February 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> N’asụsụ Bekee nke oge a, a na-eji okwu ahụ ma dị ka adjective ma dị ka aha, na-ezo aka n’obodo, omenala, na omume ndị metụtara ndị nwere mmasị n’ebe ndị otu okike ha nọ. N’afọ ndị 1960, ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị n’ebe ndị otu okike ha nọ malitere iji okwu ahụ akọwa onwe ha na njirimara ha.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gay|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gay|website=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521235009/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gay|archive-date=21 May 2018|url-status=dead|accessdate=3 June 2026|archivedate=21 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521235009/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gay}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, ndị otu na-akwado ikike LGBTQ kwalitere iji okwu ahụ kpọọ ndị nwere mmasị n’ebe ndị otu okike ha nọ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=GLAAD Media Reference Guide - LGBTQ Terms|url=https://www.glaad.org/reference/terms|access-date=2023-03-27|website=GLAAD|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423010026/https://www.glaad.org/reference/terms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="APAHeteroBiasLang">{{cite web|title=Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language|url=http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/language.aspx|website=[[American Psychological Association]]|access-date=14 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321033057/http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/language.aspx|archive-date=21 March 2015|url-status=live}} (Reprinted from [http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0003-066X.46.9.973 American Psychologist, Vol 46(9), Sep 1991, 973-974] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603155851/http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0003-066X.46.9.973|date=3 June 2018}})</ref> ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe karịsịa maka ụmụ nwoke. Kemgbe afọ ndị 1980, ojiji ọhụrụ nke okwu ahụ dịka mkparị aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị n’akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụwa. N’etiti ụfọdụ ndị na-eto eto na-asụ Bekee, a malitere iji ya eme ihe n’echiche dị iche iche, site n’ịkọwa ihe a na-ewere dị ka ihe nzuzu ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma ruo n’ịkparị mmadụ dịka onye na-adịghị ike, onye na-amaghị ihe, ma ọ bụ onye na-agwụ ike. A ka na-arụrịta ụka banyere ma ojiji ndị a ka nwere njikọ na echiche banyere idina ụdị onwe, ma ọtụtụ ndị akatọwo ha nke ukwuu. N’ihi na a na-ahụkarị ojiji a dịka mkparị na-akpasu iwe ma ọ bụ nke na-egosi ịkpa ókè megide ndị nwere mmasị n’ebe ndị otu okike ha nọ, ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere ya dị ka ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị n’ọrụ ọha na eze na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref name="Winterman">{{cite news|first=Denise|last=Winterman|title=How 'gay' became children's insult of choice|work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 March 2008|access-date=29 May 2013|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7289390.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202204245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7289390.stm|archive-date=2 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Christiansen|first=Jen|url=http://www.gay.com/news/article.html?2006/04/26/1|title=Anti-gay abuse seen to pervade U.S. schools|date=April 6, 2006|website=Gay.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301145035/http://www.gay.com/news/article.html?2006/04/26/1|archive-date=1 March 2007|access-date=27 April 2026|url-status=dead}}</ref> N’ebe ụfọdụ, e nwekwara iwu ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ na-egbochi ụdị okwu mkparị a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.workforcebulletin.com/harassment-prevention-in-2026|title=Harassment Prevention in 2026|date=3 March 2026|website=www.workforcebulletin.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://futurefreespeech.org/lilliendahl-v-iceland/|title=LILLIENDAHL v ICELAND|date=8 September 2020}}</ref> m91srm4eozmqmmnn23gf78fakrgrhlg 0 76662 655983 655576 2026-06-17T08:04:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655983 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Silt_fence_EPA.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|E tinyere ihe owuwu '''mgbochi''' n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu.]] '''Njikwa nsacha ájá''' bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ maọbụ ngwaọrụ e mere iji debe ala mebiri emebi n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, ka ọ ghara ịsacha maọbụ merụọ mmiri n'ime iyi, osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, maọbụ oké osimiri dị nso. A na-ejikarị njikwa ájá ala eme ihe yana ijikwa mbuze, nke e mere iji gbochie maọbụ belata mbuze ma si otú a belata mkpa ọ dị maka njikwa ájá. A na-emekarị njikwa ájá ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị a ga-eji nwa oge, agbanyeghị, enwere ike iji ụfọdụ maka ebumnuche njikwa mmiri ozuzo. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Basic Erosions and Sediment Control|year=2010|publisher=Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation}}</ref> == Njikwa nsacha aja a na-etinyekarị n'ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Hay_bales_more_outside_stack_showing_stack_size_near_Yass_Australia_photo_taken_November_2015_03.JPG|thumb|A na-ejikarị ahịhịa ahịhịa eme ihe n'ịchịkwa ájá ájá]] * Chek dam * [[Diversion dike|Ntugharị ụgbọ mmiri]] (nke nwa oge) * Eriri mpịakọta * Gabions * Jel Flocculant * [[Siltbuster|Ndị Siltbusters]] * Ihe mgbochi akpa ájá * Efere sediment * Ọnyà sediment * Ogige silt * Nchedo mmiri ozuzo site na draịvụ oké ifufe * Ihe mgbochi ahịhịa * Turbidity curtain <ref>State of Washington. Department of Ecology. Olympia, WA. [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/manual.html “Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington.”] Volume II –Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. 2005.</ref> == Usoro ọgwụgwọ dị ire == Njikwa mmiri ndị silt metụtara site na iji ngwa na mgbakwunye kemịkalụ, nke a na-akpọkarị '''usoro ọgwụgwọ di ire,''' bụ ụdị njikwa sedimenti ọhụrụ nyere ụlọ ọrụ owuwu. E mere usoro ndị a iji belata ihe ndị siri ike a na-egbochi bụ Total_suspended_solids (TSS) ịbanye n'ime mmiri dị nso ebe mmetọ silt nwere ike ịbụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-anakọta ma ọ bụ na-apịpụta mmiri ozuzo nke mmiri jupụtara na sediment, a na-agbakwụnyekwa ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro iji nyere aka n'ịkọwapụta ya . Ụdị ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro gụnyere; * '''Polymas dị ka chi siri kee ya''' : A na-enweta ya site na ihe ndị sitere n'okike, dịka starch, chitosan, na guar gum. * '''Polymers sịntetik''' : Ndị a gụnyere polyacrylamide na ihe ndị sitere na ha, nke enwere ike ịhazi ya ka ọ dabara na mkpa ọgwụgwọ mmiri ụfọdụ. Ha dị irè na obere dose ma e jiri ya tụnyere flocculants aka mere. * '''Flocculants adịghị ka chi siri kee ya''' : '''Aluminum Sulfate''' (alum) ''', Ferric Chloride, Ferric Sulfate, Polyaluminum Chloride''' ''A ga-akpachara anya nke ukwuu mgbe a na-eji cationic flocculants dị ka chitosan maọbụ polyacrylamide positive charged maọbụ polyDADMAC nke na-akpata hypoxia n'ime azụ . Ojiji nke anionic, nke na-anaghị achaji, flocculants bụ usoro kacha mma na ụsoro ọgwụgwọ open loop iji hụ na echebere ebe obibi mmiri, azụ na ihe ndị enweghị ọkpụkpụ.'' A na-asacha mmiri ahụ ( ájá maọbụ ihe nzacha katrij,) maọbụ dozie ya ( lamella clarifier maọbụ weir tank ) tupu a wụpụ ya. A na-eji njikwa sedimenti kemịkalụ eme ihe ugbu a n'ebe ụfọdụ e wuru ihe gburugburu [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na Europe, nke na-abụkarị ebe ndị buru ibu ebe enwere ike imebi iyi ndị dị nso. <ref>[http://www.casqa.org California Stormwater Quality Association.] Menlo Park, CA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130525040848/http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Documents/Construction/SE-11.pdf “California Stormwater BMP Handbook: Chemical Treatment.”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525040848/http://www.cabmphandbooks.com/Documents/Construction/SE-11.pdf |date=2013-05-25 }} Fact Sheet No. SE-11. January 2003.</ref>Nhazi usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na-eji electrocoagulation flocculate flocculate nke ihe ndị a kwụnyere n'ime mmiri ozuzo, wee soro usoro nzacha. <ref>Benedict, Arthur H., et al. 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220408133233/https://www.stormh2o.com/may-june-2004/construction-stormwater-treatment.aspx "Raising the Bar on Construction Stormwater Treatment."] [http://www.stormh2o.com ''Stormwater:''] May–June 2004.</ref> usoro ọgwụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ chọrọ ahụmịhe teknụzụ iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaọrụ eme ihe. == Usoro ọgwụgwọ pasiv == A pụkwara iji kemịkalụ gwọọ mmiri iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emebi emebi mee ihe n'enweghị ihe mgbochi. '''Usoro ọgwụgwọ pasiv''' na-eji ike nke mmiri na-asọ site na ndọda site na olulu mmiri, ọwa mmiri, olulu mmiri ma ọ bụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ e wuru iji mee ka ọgwụgwọ dị irè. A na-etinye ngwaahịa ndị na-eji aka ha eme ihe, dị ka [https://clearflowgroup.com/gel-flocculants/ Gel Flocculants], n'ime mmiri na-asọ asọ ebe ihe ndị na-asọpụ asọpụ, colloids na ike mmiri na-ejikọ ọnụ iji wepụta usoro achọrọ, ma si otú a na-emepụta ihe ndị dị arọ nke enwere ike ịcha maọbụ dozie ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikarị eriri ndị e ji aka kpaa dịka jute eme ihe n'ala olulu mmiri iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe nzacha. Enwere ike itinye ihe ndị na-ejide silt n'ebe ahụ iji jide ihe ndị na-asọpụ asọpụ. A na-ejikarị ọdọ mmiri ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-edebe ihe iji mee ka mmiri doo anya ma tinye ihe ahụ n'ime ya. Ịgwupụta ihe, owuwu dị arọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ejirila sistemụ ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ. Ụdị sistemụ ndị a enweghị carbon dị ala n'ihi na ọ dịghị mkpa isi iyi ike mpụga, ha achọghị obere nkà iji rụọ ọrụ, obere mmezi ma dị irè n'ibelata ihe siri ike niile, ụfọdụ ọla dị arọ na phosphorus nri. Enwere ike ime ọgwụgwọ mmiri ozuzo n'enweghị ihe mgbochi. A na-emekarị iwu Stokes iji wepụ ihe ndị buru ibu karịa micron iri anọ, maọbụ iji gbochie mmiri iji belata idei mmiri n'ala. Agbanyeghị, iwu gbasara ihe ndị na-esi na SWMF apụta na-esiwanye ike, ebe mmetụta ọjọọ sitere na nri dị ka Phosphorus nke sitere na (fetiliza) gbazee, maọbụ nke ejikọtara na ihe ndị na-esin na nsacha na ihe owuwu maọbụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agbapụta, na-eme ka algae na cyanobacteria na-egbu egbu (nke a makwaara dị ka algae Blue-green ) na-eto n'ọdọ mmiri ndị ọ na-aba. Cyanotoxin bụ ihe na-ebute echiche karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-agwọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ enweghị ike iwepụ nsí na-emetọ mmiri nke ọma. Na nnyocha ọgwụgwọ mmiri ozuzo nke obodo na-adịbeghị anya, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Erosion Control and Advanced Sedimentation Pilot Project|url=https://innisfil.ca/en/living-here/resources/Documents/Erosion-Control-AST-Pilot-Project-Final-Report_accessible.pdf}}</ref> ejiri teknụzụ sedimentation dị elu mee ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị ihe mgbochi na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo dị n'elu SWMF iji wepụ nkezi nke pasenti ịri itoolu nke TSS na fosforus n'oge ihe dị ka afọ iri ise nke oge mmiri ozuzo. == Ihe ndị a na-atụanya iji jikwaa usoro a == [[U.S. state|Steeti]] niile dị na mba Amerịka nwere iwu na-atụanya ka e tinye ihe ndị na-egbochi mbuze na ihe ndị na-egbochi nsacha ala bụ erosion and sediment controls (ESCs) n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu nke e kwuputara nha ya . Iwu gọọmentị etiti na-atụanya ka e tinye ihe ndị na-egbochi mmebi ihe i n'ebe dị otu eka (0.40 ha) na ndị buru ibu. Ebe ndị pere mpe nke bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ mmepe nkịtị (dịka ọmụmaatụ mpaghara ebe obibi) dịkwa mkpa inwe ESCs <ref>United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041117112459/http://www.epa.gov/npdes/regulations/sw2-part1.pdf “Regulations for Revision of the Water Pollution Control Program Addressing Storm Water Discharges; Final Rule”] (Commonly called the “Phase II Stormwater Rule.”) ''Federal Register,'' 64 FR 68721, December 8, 1999.</ref>. Na steeti ụfọdụ, ebe ndị na-adịghị n'akụkụ n'okpuru otu eka (4,000 m dịkwa mkpa ka ha nwee ESC. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Steeti [[Mérílạnd|Maryland]] kwesiri inwe ESC na ebe ruru puku sq ise ft (460) m maọbụ karịa <ref>State of Maryland. ''Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR).'' [http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/26/26.17.01.05.htm ''Activities for Which Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plans are Required.''] Sec. 26.17.01.05.</ref>. A ga-etinyerịrị njikwa ala tupu nsogbu ala amalite (dịka ịsụcha ala, ịchacha na nhazi ) ma a ga-edobe ya n'oge niile nke nhazi nsogbu ahụ. A ga-enweta nkwenye maka iji kemịkalụ ọ bụla tupu e tinye ya. == Leekwa == * Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC) * Geotechnical engineering * Geotextile (material used in erosion & sediment controls) * Nonpoint source pollution * [[Ifufe|Stormwater]] * Universal Soil Loss Equation == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.erosioncontrol.com Njikwa Mbuze] - magazin azụmaahịa maka njikwa mbuze na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu * [http://www.ieca.org Òtù Mba Nile nke Njikwa Mbuze] - Njikọ Ndị Ọkachamara, Mbipụta, Ọzụzụ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081028172247/http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/sw_swppp_guide.pdf "Ịmepụta Atụmatụ Mgbochi Mmetọ Mmiri Oké Ifufe Gị: Nduzi maka Ebe E Ji Arụ Ọrụ."] - US EPA * Archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604204105/https://www.clearflowgroup.com/gel-flocculants Gel Flocculant] - Ụdị flocculant ọkara mmiri mmiri eji eme ihe na sistemụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-adịghị mma {{Authority control}} 93r0t0s26l4awbaxxfekzh58dinxpr6 0 76705 655955 655697 2026-06-17T01:38:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 655955 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Chaparli_July_2011.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Ogige oge okpomọkụ '''nke Chaparli''' dị nso na Abbasabad .]] [[Faịlụ:Garmanab_2.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Ebe obibi n'oge okpomọkụ na Garmanab .]] '''Mohammad Khanlu''' bụ otu n'ime [[Agbụrụ nke Karadagh|ebo isii dị mkpa nke Arasbaran]] . Ọ bụ ebo Kurd nke Turkified <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oberling|first=Pierre|date=1964-12-31|title=The Tribes of Qaraca Dag: A Brief History|journal=Oriens|volume=17|pages=60–95|doi=10.2307/1580019|issn=0078-6527}}</ref> bi na mpaghara Arasbaran, na mpaghara East Azerbaijan nke Iran . Ebe obibi oge okpomọkụ ya dị gburugburu Marzrud, ebe obibi oyi ya dịkwa gburugburu obodo Heydarkanlu nke Khoda Afarin County . Dịka A. Lampton si kwuo, na Arasbaran, ebe ubi ịta ahịhịa bụ nke ndị Khan, bụ́ ndị nwekwara ala ubi n'ebe oyi na-ekpo ọkụ. Ugbu a agbụrụ ahụ na-anọkarị otu ebe, ha na ọtụtụ ezinụlọ bi n'ógbè dị nso na Tehran . Ụfọdụ ụmụ Klan na-achị achị na-anọkarị n'oge ọkọchị ha n'ebe ịta nri Chaparli, ebe ndị ọzọ na-anọkwa n'ụlọ ndị e wuru ọhụrụ na Garmanab . == Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi == Ndị Mohammad Khanlus na-ekwu na Muhammad Khan hiwere ebo ha n'oge Qajar . Mgbe Muhammad Khan gasịrị, Javad Khan, Samad Khan, Asadollah Khan, Abdollah Khan, na Asadollah Khan nke Abụọ chịrị ebo ahụ n'usoro. Khan ikpeazụ, onye bụbu onye omeiwu mgbe ntughari Alakụba gasịrị, ka a tụrụ mkpọrọ nwa oge ma nara ihe onwunwe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vista.ir/m/a/wc77h|title=۳۳۵نفری که اموالشان مصادره شد|work=ویستا}}</ref> N'oge agha obodo sochiri Mgbanwe Iwu Peshia nke afọ otu puku , nari itoolu na isii, Mohammad Khanlus nyeere Rahimkhan Chalabianloo aka n'agha ọjọọ ya megide ndị nnupụisi. Mgbe e meriri Rahimkhan na afo otu puku, nari itoolu na itoolu, Amir Arshad nke agbụrụ [[Haji-Alilu]] kpuchiri oghere ike dị na Garaja Dagh. O nyeere ndị agha mgbanwe aka ibibi Mohammad Khanlus n'oge oyi nke afọ otu puku, nari itoolu na iri. N'oge ọchịchị Azerbaijan nke ọchịchị onwe onye, site na Nọvemba na afo otu puku nari itoolu na iri ano na ise ruo Nọvemba na afo otu puku, nari itoolu na iri ano na isii. Mohammad Khanlus dụnyeere ndị agha mmeghachi omume ma mee ihe omume ndị agha na-adịghị agbaso oge ụfọdụ. N'ihi ya, e jidere onyeisi ha, Abdollah Khan, na nwa nwanne ya nwoke, Rezaqoli Khan, ma gbuo ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eanocr.ir/blog/1399/04/18/%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%db%8c-%d9%87%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9-%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b2/|title=اداره کل ثبت احوال آذربایجان شرقی&#124; » من بخاطر سلامتی همه عزیزان خود ماسک میزنم|work=eanocr.ir|accessdate=2026-06-13|archivedate=2023-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530163158/http://www.eanocr.ir/blog/1399/04/18/%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B9%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2/}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ Mohammad Khanlus n'ihi N tughari Ọcha == Mgbe ntughari ocha gasịrị (mmalite afọ otu puku, nari itoolu na iri isii), e kewara Mohammad Khanlus n'ime ezinụlọ iri abụọ na atọ, nke ọ bụla na-enweta aha ha site n'obodo ha nọrọ n'oge oyi ha. Ọnụọgụgụ ezinụlọ dị na akara ngosi ma bụrụ Heydarkanlu (ezinụlọ na-achị achị; iri isii), Safarlu (iri ise na ise), Tu Ali-ye Sofla (iri ise), Tu Ali-ye Olya (iri ato na ise), Zarnaq (iri ato na ise), Khomarlu (iri isii), Hemidan Kirashan (iri asato), Jānānlū (60), Derilou (iri ano), Shojaillu na Sutanlū (Mafredu07), (Mafrūje) (Mafrūje) (iri ato), Lowtejan (iri ise), Seqehsay (iri ise), Gavahan (iri ise), Qeshlaq-e Karanlu (iri ano), Ebriq (iri abuo na ise), Ham Neshin (iri abuo na ise), Mashhad Hasanlu (iri abuo na ise), Shāh Yūrdī (iri abuo). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ka ọ na-erule na afo otu puku, nari itoolu na iri isii , ụfọdụ ezinụlọ abanyelarị n'ime ime obodo ma ghọọ ndị ọrụ ugbo. Ndị a kacha mara amara n'ime obodo ndị a bụ Abbasabad, Garmanab na Alherd, ebe ụmụ obere Khans nke ezinụlọ na-achị bi. == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 66qddvhthyx8wqqzh2n2a89dihdtyn8 1728 76729 655929 655890 2026-06-16T21:35:27Z Chinemeremprince 13026 655929 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Political Voices in Igbo Language.jpg|thumb|Political Voices project in Igbo language]] =='''Overview'''== Project Summary Political Voices in Igbo Language is a collaborative translation project between the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Imo State University aimed at improving access to reliable information about Nigerian politicians in the Igbo language. The project addresses the limited availability of political content in Igbo Wikipedia, which restricts access to civic knowledge for many native Igbo speakers. =='''Project timeline'''== * June 20 - July 4, 2026 * Project Launch and Physical event - June 20, 2026 10:00 AM WAT * Venue: Pinewood hotel, owerri * Online training session - June 23, 2026 5:00 PM WAT * Project ends - July 4, 2026 11:59 PM WAT<br /> =='''Project team'''== * Project Lead: [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]] * Logistics and technical officer:[[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] * Communication manager and trainer: [[User:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] =='''Resources'''== * [ Topic list] =='''Prizes'''== TBD [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 8vfl6k8ve5pvttzsrwi93tes4fnb2kf 1728 76731 655925 655830 2026-06-16T18:59:29Z Olugold 12202 655925 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Trainers | [[User:Dappasolomon001|Dappa Solomon]], [[user: BishopNana|Bishop Nana]] |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Learning objectives}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] 3i6qhz8f9d9nk2jpiscaki4ub6ptclk 655970 655925 2026-06-17T07:44:09Z Olugold 12202 /* 40px {{Color|green|Learning objectives}} */ 655970 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Trainers | [[User:Dappasolomon001|Dappa Solomon]], [[user: BishopNana|Bishop Nana]] |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Highlights}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] e8u7fxfgxa8tbd8dtsos9pgb4qqwsmy 655971 655970 2026-06-17T07:45:19Z Olugold 12202 /* 40px {{Color|green| Expected outcomes }} */ 655971 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f6fff6;" |- ! style="padding:10px; font-size:2.2em; background:#36AF6C;" | Photography Editing Training |- | style="padding:10px;" | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/Community Meetups/2025 Meetups|2025 meetups]] | [[m:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective/2026 Meetups|2026 meetups]] |} [[Faịlụ:JUNE MEETUP WIKI NIGER DELTA HERITAGE COLLECTIVE.jpg|400px|frameless|áká_ịkẹngạ|June Meetup ]] The '''[[m:Wiki_Niger_Delta_Heritage_Collective|Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]]''', in collaboration with the '''[[m:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]''', invites community members to its June 2026 Meet-Up focused on '''Photography editing training'''. This month's training is designed to equip participants with practical photography editing skills, improve image quality, and enhance contributions to Wikimedia projects through the use of images. This session is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen digital skills within the community Beyond technical editing skills, the session will also emphasize the importance of visual storytelling in knowledge sharing. Participants will explore how properly edited images can significantly improve the quality of articles on Wiki projects, support better documentation of cultural heritage, and increase the visibility of local stories and events. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date | 26 June 2026 |- ! Venue | Beaut/Ful Stroke, 47 Emekuku Street, D-Line, Port Harcourt |- ! Trainers | [[User:Dappasolomon001|Dappa Solomon]], [[user: BishopNana|Bishop Nana]] |} ==[[File:HandsOnLS.jpg|40px]] {{Color|green|Highlights}}== * Converting RAW images to JPEG * Photoshop interface introduction * Basics of photo editing * Introduce participants to the fundamentals of photo editing. * Improve participants' understanding of image formats and conversion techniques. * Provide hands-on experience with Photoshop tools and interface. * Enhance the quality of images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects. ==[[File:Green circle with checkmark.svg|40px]] {{Color|green| Learning objectives}}== By the end of the training, participants will be able to: * Convert RAW photographs into JPEG format. * Navigate the Photoshop interface confidently. * Apply basic photo editing techniques. * Produce higher-quality images suitable for documentation and Wikimedia projects. {| style="width:100%; background:#e8f7ef; border-left:6px solid #00af89; padding:10px; margin-top:10px;" | '''Refreshments will be provided.''' <br/> '''Internet data support will be available.''' <br> '''Participants will have the opportunity to network, share experiences, and learn from fellow Wikimedians.''' |} ==[[File:Green icon - Print.ZGH.png|40px]] {{Color|green|Gallery}}== ''coming soon'' [[Otú:Wiki Niger Delta Heritage Collective]] k7r1ouu1ieojkx57asuk27cpco7puwn 0 76754 655909 2026-06-16T13:02:06Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310014202|Al-Hamiz Valley]]" 655909 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Al-Hamiz Valley''' bụ otu n'ime osimiri ndị a ma ama na Algiers Province, na-agbatị ihe dịka kilomita 54 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Algiers. Ọnụ mmiri ya dị n'etiti ọchịchị ime obodo nke Bordj El Kiffan na Bordj El Bahri.Osimiri a na-amalite site n'ugwu Tell Atlas na Titteri Mountains dị nso na ọchịchị ime obodo Deux Bassins n'ime Médéa Province. Ọ na-agafe ógbè Bouira Province, Blida Province, Boumerdès Province na Algiers Province tupu ọ banye n'ime Oké Osimiri Mediterenian. == Isi iyi == Al-Hamiz Valley na-amalite n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọchịchị ime obodo Deux Bassins, nke dị na Médéa Province. Isi iyi ya dị n'ebe dị ihe dịka kilomita 33.68 (ma ọ bụ maili 20.93) n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ site n'ọnụ mmiri ya nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Mediterranean Sea n'ime Algiers Province.Isi iyi osimiri a dị na ugwu Tell Atlas na Titteri Mountains, nke na-agafe mpaghara etiti nke ógbè Médéa Province, Bouira Province, Blida Province na Boumerdès Province. == Ụzọ == Al-Hamiz Valley na-agafe mpaghara Algeria ise, na-agafee mpaghara dị iche iche, gụnyere Titteri, Kabylia, Khachna, na ala dị larịị Mitidja. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Steeti na Obodo Obodo dị na ụzọ "Al-Hamiz Valley" !Ọnụ ọgụgụ !Ógbè Medea !Ógbè Bouïra !Ógbè Blida !Ógbè Boumerdès !Ógbè Algiers |- !01 |Ọdọ Mmiri Abụọ |Bukram |Souhane |Larbatache |Dar El Beida |- !02 | | |Djebabra |Khemis El-Khechna |Rouïba |- !03 | | | |Hammedi |Bordj El Kiffan |- !04 | | | | |Bordj El Bahri |} == Ọnụ ya == Ọnụ nke Al-Hamiz Valley dị n'etiti obodo Bordj El Kiffan na Bordj El Bahri na Algiers Province, nso agbata obi Soumam. Ụzọ osimiri a si aga na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ókèala eke n'etiti ọchịchị ime obodo abụọ a, na-agbatị ruo n'ọnụ mmiri ya nke na-abanye n'ime Mediterranean Sea n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri nke Algiers..Ụzọ osimiri ahụ . === Ebe === Ọnụ nke Al-Hamiz Valley dị n'etiti obodo Bordj El Kiffan na Bordj El Bahri, na-adịghị anya site n'ọnụ Oued El Harrach na Sablettes Beach. N'ịbụ nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọnụ mmiri Oued El Harrach na Sablettes Beach, mpaghara a nwere ọnọdụ dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ dị nso n'okporo ígwè na-ejikọta El Harrach na Reghaïa.Ọnụ mmiri osimiri ahụ dị ihe dịka kilomita 20 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Casbah of Algiers, ma na-ele anya n'elu Mediterranean Sea. Ọ dị n'ime mpaghara nke Bordj El Kiffan na Bordj El Bahri.{{Adjacent communities|width=|NORTHEAST=Tamentfoust Valley, [[Bordj El Bahri]], [[Bordj El Kiffan]], [[Réghaïa lake]], [[Reghaïa Valley]]|North=National Road 24 (Algiers), [[Mediterranean Sea]], National Road No. 5 (Algiers), National Road No. 11 (Algiers)|NORTHWEST=[[Djamaa el Djazaïr]], [[Mohammedia, Algiers]], Sablat Beach, [[Hussein Dey (commune)]], Hussein Dey train station, Khrouba Land Station.|EAST=Rouiba Train Station, [[Keddara Dam]], Rouiba-Roghaya Industrial Zone,|WEST=College of Islamic Sciences in Algeria, El Harrach train station, [[Oued El Harrach]],|Center=[[River mouth]] Hmeiz [[Valley]]|SOUTHEAST=Casablanca train station, [[University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene]]|South=Bab-el-Zouzar train station, Wadi El Samar Train Station, [[East–West Highway (Algeria)]]|SOUTHWEST=Jisr Constantine train station, Baba Ali Train Station, Baba Ali (Algeria), National Road 1 (Algiers), [[Mazafran River]]}} == Ihe ngosi == <gallery> Faịlụ:Kharouba_fac.jpg|Al-Maqaria train station Faịlụ:Tamentfoust-vue-port.jpg|Tamentfoust port Faịlụ:روافد_وادي_الحراش.jpg|Affluents de Oued El Harrach Faịlụ:Algeryel.JPG|View of the Kasbah from Sablat Beach Faịlụ:Daira_hussein_dey_05112014.png|Location of Sablat Beach in Hussein Dey Faịlụ:Alger_Kasbah02.jpg|View of Sablat Beach from Safir Mosque in Kasbah Faịlụ:Sablette_Plage_Alger.JPG|Sablat Beach Water Faịlụ:Plage_des_Sablettes_à_Alger.JPG|Sablat Beach </gallery> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta osimiri nke Algeria * [[Al-arbaâ Valley|Ndagwurugwu Al-arbaâ]] * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi * Usoro mbupụ * Gwa Atlas * Ihe ngosi * Khachna * Ọkara * Ógbè Algiers * Ógbè Boumerdès * Ógbè Blida * Ógbè Bouïra * Ógbè Medea * Njem nleta na Algeria * Ndepụta nke ebe ndị njem nleta == Edensibịa == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Al-Hamiz Valley na [[YouTube]]. * Al-Hamiz Valley na [[YouTube]]. * Al-Hamiz Valley na [[YouTube]]. nfvy1z1blc6bauaygpjrp94s1k6kzdf 0 76755 655910 2026-06-16T14:01:07Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1300890061|Bou Sellam River]]" 655910 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Soummam_Basin_OSM.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmiri nke Osimiri Soummam na Bou Sellam (n'aka nri) ]] '''Bou Sellam River''' bụ osimiri dị na mpaghara Maghreb nke Algeria, n'ime Bordj Bou Arréridj Province.Osimiri a na-agafe n'ime Ndagwurugwu Bou Sellam, ma a na-egbochi mmiri ya site na Ain Zada Dam. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ain Zada|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/ain-zada/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 August 2011}}</ref> == Nkọwa == A na-emechi ọdọ mmiri nke Bou Sellam n'ebe ugwu, site na njikọ nke osimiri na Oued Sahel, site na Ugwu Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam si na ndagwurugwu ndịda nke Ugwu Megris gbadaa; Ọ nwere iyi ise, Wadi Mahouan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, oued Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet na Wadi Fermatou, nke na-ezute n'ebe ugwu Setif. Osimiri ahụ na-ewere aha Oued Bou Sellam; Ọ na-ebu ụzọ na-aga n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agafe kilomita atọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Setif, ma gafee usoro ebe ọ na-enweta isi iyi ya n'etiti djebel Tafat na Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam na-enweta wadi Malah, na-eburu isi iyi ya gaa Aïn Arnat na mmiri Aïn Zada. Mgbe ọ gafesịrị mmiri Aïn Zada, ọ gafere obodo Khelil site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ wee nweta mmiri ọhụrụ abụọ, Wadi Khelil, nke na-esi n'akụkụ aka ekpe na Besbassa na-aga n'etiti El Kherba na mmiri Aïn zada na wadi Taissa obere oge tupu n'akụkụ nri. N'akụkụ a niile nke ụzọ ahụ, Bou Sellam na-agba mmiri na mbara ala Ameur, Ouled Mosli na Gherazla . Site na ndagwurugwu Guergour, n'ụzọ dị iche, ọ na-asọba n'ala siri ike, na-eru n'ala Guifsar, ọ na'ụzọ na-adịghị anya na-aga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ma na-asọga na wadi Sahel n'ihu ọnụ Akbou. == Ebe obibi == Osimiri Oued Bou Sellam nwere 36% nke ụdị azụ nke mmiri dị n'ime ala Algeria (15 ụdị). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ046_RIS_2009_F.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2017-06-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313013840/http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ046_RIS_2009_F.pdf|archivedate=2014-03-13}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} mz0u9bmr0ie3xdqn8y6y9dqthx89lg6 0 76756 655917 2026-06-16T16:17:54Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357854261|Sisan River]]" 655917 wikitext text/x-wiki   ''''''Sisan River'''''', nke a na-akpọkwa Sisa River ma ọ bụ '''Susan River,''' bụ osimiri dị na Kumasi, isi obodo Ashanti Region nke [[Ghana]]. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro mmiri na-asọba nke Mpaghara Obodo Ukwu Kumasi. Ọ na-agafe mpaghara ebe ụlọ, ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche jupụtara nke ukwuu.Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri e mere maka UNDP Ghana kọwara na osimiri ahụ na-amalite site na Kenyase n’ógbè Ejisu-Juaben area. Site ebe ahụ, ọ na-abanye n’ime Kumasi site na Duase na Sepe Timpon, ma mesịa na-asọba n’akụkụ ndịda site na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ dị na Asokwa, Ahensan, na Kaase. Osimiri a bụ otu n'ime isi mmiri anọ dị na Kumasi, tinyere Subin, Aboabo na Wiwi. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na Mmiri nke obodo ukwu nke Kumasi n'ihi na ọ na-enweta mmiri si na iyi ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ukwu, na-akwado akụkụ nke usoro mmiri nke obodo ahụ ma jikọta ya na idei mmiri, mmetọ mmiri, ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọrụ ugbo obodo na ihe ize ndụ ahụike ọha.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}</ref><ref name="AsareDonkor2013">{{Cite journal|author=Asare-Donkor|first=N. K.|title=Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana|journal=Journal of Environment and Earth Science|volume=3|issue=9|pages=37–46|year=2013|url=https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> == Ụzọ mmiri na mmiri == Sisan River na-amalite site na Kenyase n’ógbè Ejisu-Juaben area nke dị na Ashanti Region.Ọ na-abanye n’ime Kumasi site na Duase na Sepe Timpon, ma mesịa na-asọba n’ụzọ na-aga n’ebe ndịda site na mpaghara Asokwa, Ahensan, na Kaase. Nkọwa ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP Ghana na-akọkwa na osimiri ahụ na-abanye na Osimiri Ofin dị n'ebe ndịda nke Eastern By-Pass.<ref name="Schuurmans2014" /> Osimiri ahụ na-enweta mmiri site na mmiri ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ukwu na Kumasi. Osimiri Aboabo na-abanye na Osimiri Sisan na Asokwa, ebe Osimiri Wiwi na-abanye ya na Ahensan mgbe ọ gafere na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah. Njikọ ndị a na-eme ka Sisan bụrụ ụzọ dị mkpa na-anata n'ime netwọk mmiri nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti nke Kumasi. A na-ewere Sisan basin dịka akụkụ nke usoro mmiri na-asọba sara mbara nke Kumasi.Obodo ahụ nwere nnukwu ndagwurugwu mmiri anọ nke na-achịkọta mmiri na-asọba n’akụkụ ugwu na etiti metropolis. Otú ọ dị, mmepe obodo na-eme ngwa ngwa na enweghị usoro drainage zuru oke na-emetụta ha nke ukwuu.Dị ka osimiri obodo , Sisan na-arụ ọrụ abụọ: ọ bụ ma ụzọ mmiri eke ma bụrụkwa ọwa mmiri mmiri ozuzo . Ọ na-anata mmiri na-asọba sitere na mpaghara ụlọ obibi, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ. == Ebe e nwere n'obodo ukwu == Sisan River na-agafe ọtụtụ akụkụ mepere emepe nke Kumasi. A na-ejikọta ụzọ ya na mpaghara na obodo ukwu dịka Duase, Sepe Timpon, Asokwa, Ahensan, Kaase, Amakom na Atonsu. Okporo ụzọ osimiri ahụ gafere ebe ndị a na-emepụta ihe na ebe ndị mmadụ bi na ya na-ekpughe ya na mmiri ozuzo, ihe mkpofu siri ike, nsị, nrụgide obibi na-abụghị nke iwu kwadoro na nsị ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbasa obodo Kumasi na-abawanye nrụgide n’osimiri ya na mpaghara ala idei mmiri . Ala e wuru ụlọ na ya na-ebelata otú mmiri si abanye n’ala ma na-amụba mmiri ozuzo na-asọba ngwa ngwa , ebe iwu ụlọ nso n’akụkụ ọwa mmiri nwere ike igbochi ụzọ osimiri si asọ.Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP mere na Ghana chọpụtara na ịtụgharị ala mmiri n’ime catchments, igbochi isi ọwa mmiri site n’iwu ụlọ, mkpofu, apịtị na ahịhịa, yana ibi nso n’akụkụ osimiri bụ ihe ndị kacha akpata nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri n’ógbè pilot nke Kumasi. N'ihi ya, Sisan River nwere njikọ chiri anya na atụmatụ obodo na ihe ịma aka nke mmiri na Kumasi. Ọnọdụ ya na-egosipụta mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke mgbanwe iji ala eme ihe, mmezi mmiri, njikwa ihe mkpofu, ebe obibi nke ala mmiri na nchedo mmiri na obodo nke abụọ na-eto ngwa ngwa. == Ịdị mma mmiri na mmetọ == E nyochala Sisan River n’ihe gbasara mmebi ogo mmiri ya na ihe ize ndụ ọ nwere ike ịkpata ahụ́ ike mmadụ.Nnyocha e mere n’afọ 2021 nyochara ma Osimiri Sisan dị mma iji were ma jiri na Kumasi metropolis. Nnyocha ahụ lekwasịrị anya n’ihe dị iche iche dịka: njirimara kemịkalụ na anụ ahụ mmiri , ihe ngosi nke nje bacteria , metal dị arọ, uru ogo mmiri , yana ihe ize ndụ ahụ́ ike mmadụ—ma maka ụmụaka ma maka ndị okenye.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkotoAdoplerTepkorOpoku2021">Akoto, Osei; Adopler, Albert; Tepkor, Hanson Edward; Opoku, Francis (2021). "A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi". ''Groundwater for Sustainable Development''. '''15''' 100654. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654|10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654]].</cite></ref> Nnyocha ahụ kọrọ na ụfọdụ samples sitere n'osimiri ahụ gosipụtara ọnọdụ alkaline, nakwa na turbidity, alkalinity, agba, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ irighiri ihe, ígwè na chromium karịrị ókè nke World Health Organization kwere mee n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkotoAdoplerTepkorOpoku2021">Akoto, Osei; Adopler, Albert; Tepkor, Hanson Edward; Opoku, Francis (2021). "A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi". ''Groundwater for Sustainable Development''. '''15''' 100654. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654|10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654]].</cite></ref> Mmiri samples nwekwara ''Escherichia coli'', ngụkọta coliforms na feecal coliforms, na-egosi mmetọ nje.<ref name="Akoto2021" /> Otu nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ụkpụrụ water quality index dị n’etiti 97.95 ruo 137.22 percent, ebe ihe dịka pasent 75 nke nlele mmiri ka e depụtara dị ka mmiri ogo ya adịghị mma .Nnyocha ahụ site na principal component analysis gosiri na isi mmalite abụọ—geogenic na anthropogenic bụ ihe na-emetụta ọnọdụ kemịkalụ anụ ahụ na ọnọdụ nje bacteria nke osimiri ahụ.Ndị dere ọmụmụ ahụ tụrụ aro ka e tinye usoro njikwa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị na atumatu iwu iji chekwaa osimiri ahụ na akụ mmiri ndị metụtara ya.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkotoAdoplerTepkorOpoku2021">Akoto, Osei; Adopler, Albert; Tepkor, Hanson Edward; Opoku, Francis (2021). "A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi". ''Groundwater for Sustainable Development''. '''15''' 100654. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654|10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654]].</cite></ref> Nnyocha kemịkal dị iche iche nke osimiri dị na Kumasi gosipụtara mmiri sitere na osimiri Sisa, Wiwi na Subin. Nnyocha ahụ nyochara usoro physicochemical, ọla dị arọ na mmetọ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, gụnyere ngụkọta coliforms na E. coli. <ref name="AsareDonkor2013">{{Cite journal|author=Asare-Donkor|first=N. K.|title=Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana|journal=Journal of Environment and Earth Science|volume=3|issue=9|pages=37–46|year=2013|url=https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576|accessdate=31 May 2026}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsare-DonkorWemegahAdimado2013">Asare-Donkor, N. K.; Wemegah, D. D.; Adimado, A. A. (2013). [https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576 "Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana"]. ''Journal of Environment and Earth Science''. '''3''' (9): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>46<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Ndị dere ya kọrọ na ọla niile a tụrụ gafere ọkwa kachasị elu nke Ghana Environmental Protection Agency ma e wezụga zinc, ebe naanị otu sample gafere ókè ahụ.<ref name="AsareDonkor2013" /> == Ebe mmetọ ahụ si == A na-ejikọta mmetọ dị na Osimiri Sisan na ọrụ obodo dị n’ógbè ahụ yana ọrụ mmepe n’ime catchment ya dum.Nnyocha banyere mmiri dị ọcha n’ime Kumasi gosiri na nsogbu ogo mmiri na-abịa site n’nsị ụlọ , ịtụfu ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ , mmiri na-asọba site n’ubi , mkpofu ụlọ , na mmiri nsị a na-ejighị emeso na-abanye n’ime mmiri.N’ime ọmụmụ Osimiri Sisa/Sisan, e chọpụtara na isi mmalite abụọ—geogenic na anthropogenic —bụ ndị na-akpata usoro na ọnọdụ ogo mmiri a hụrụ n’osimiri ahụ.<ref name="AsareDonkor2013">{{Cite journal|author=Asare-Donkor|first=N. K.|title=Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana|journal=Journal of Environment and Earth Science|volume=3|issue=9|pages=37–46|year=2013|url=https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576|accessdate=31 May 2026}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsare-DonkorWemegahAdimado2013">Asare-Donkor, N. K.; Wemegah, D. D.; Adimado, A. A. (2013). [https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576 "Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana"]. ''Journal of Environment and Earth Science''. '''3''' (9): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>46<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Ebe nnwale eji eme ihe na nyocha kemịkal nke mmiri dị ọcha nke Kumasi gụnyere ebe ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Sisa ebe ihe omume ndị gbara ya gburugburu gụnyere ihe mkpofu mmiri sitere na olulu mmiri, ịsa ụgbọala, itinye ihe mkpofu siri ike, ịwụfu ihe mkpofu, nsị mmadụ na anụmanụ, na obere ọrụ nhazi nri.<ref name="AsareDonkor2013">{{Cite journal|author=Asare-Donkor|first=N. K.|title=Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana|journal=Journal of Environment and Earth Science|volume=3|issue=9|pages=37–46|year=2013|url=https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576|accessdate=31 May 2026}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsare-DonkorWemegahAdimado2013">Asare-Donkor, N. K.; Wemegah, D. D.; Adimado, A. A. (2013). [https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576 "Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana"]. ''Journal of Environment and Earth Science''. '''3''' (9): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>46<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe omume ndị a na-emepụta ụzọ nke ihe oriri, microorganisms, sediments na ọla nwere ike ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ. Ebe osimiri ahụ dị n'ime obodo mepere emepe na-emekwa ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emetọ mmiri ozuzo. N'oge mmiri ozuzo, mmiri na-esi n'okporo ụzọ, ebe obibi, ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịsa ihe mkpofu, mmanụ, ihe nsị na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetọ mmiri n'ime ọwa osimiri. == Idei Mmiri == A na-ejikọta Sisan River na idei mmiri na-eme ugboro ugboro na Kumasi. Nkọwa ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP Ghana gosipụtara Amakom dị ka obodo dị n'akụkụ Sisan River , nke a kọwakwara n'ógbè ahụ d Sisan Akyi. Akụkọ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ dekọrọ na akụkọ ahụ gosiri na idei mmiri na-eme ugboro atọ ma ọ bụ anọ n'afọ mgbe osimiri ahụ na-agbaji n'akụkụ ya ma na-ekpuchi obodo ahụ.<ref name="Schuurmans2014" /> Otu akụkọ ahụ kwuru na a na-egbochi osimiri ahụ site na ihe mkpofu na apịtị n’akụkụ ala osimiri , ma na mmiri idei mmiri nwere ike ibili ruo ihe dị ka otu mita n’elu ala ụlọ n’ụlọ ndị metụtara ya.Akụkọ ahụ chọpụtara na mbelata ikike ọwa osimiri ịnabata ma nyefe mmiri bụ otu n’ime ihe kpatara nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri n’akụkụ Osimiri Sisan. E kwukwara na nkwakọba mkpofu, apịtị, uto ahịhịa, yana enweghị mmezi zuru oke na-ebelata ikike ọwa ahụ iburu mmiri idei mmiri nke ọma A kọkwara idei mmiri n’akụkụ osimiri a site n’aka mgbasa ozi akụkọ nke Ghana.N’ọnwa Julaị afọ 2009, Ghana News Agency kọrọ na ihe dị ka ndị bi 200 n’obodo Bomso n’ime Kumasi metropolis chụpụrụ n’ụlọ ha mgbe mmiri ozuzo siri ike dakwasịrị ma metụta ndị bi n’akụkụ Susan River.Nkwupụta ahụ gosiri na ịtụfu mkpofu n’ime osimiri ahụ gbochiri ụzọ mmiri si asọba nke ọma, ma nye aka kpatara idei mmiri ahụ.<ref name="ModernGhana2009">{{Cite news|title=Flood displaces 200 people at Bomso|work=ModernGhana|date=10 July 2009|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/226713/flood-displaces-200-people-at-bomso.html|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2019, Daily Graphic kọrọ na Susan River dị na Asokwa Municipality jupụtara n'ikpere mmiri ya ma jupụta n'ụlọ ya, ebe Atonsu S-Line kọwara dị ka otu n'ime ebe kachasị njọ.<ref name="Graphic2019">{{Cite news|title=Kumasi residents grapple with losses due to heavy rains|work=Daily Graphic|date=28 May 2019|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/kumasi-residents-grapple-with-losses-due-to-heavy-rains.html|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, akụkọ idei mmiri sitere na Kumasi kwukwara maka iyi Sisan ma ọ bụ Susan na Asabi Junction na ndị bi na Sawaba New Site na-akpọ ka a gwuo osimiri ahụ.<ref name="Adom2021">{{Cite news|title=Parts of Kumasi submerged after 3-hour downpour|work=Adom Online|date=22 October 2021|url=https://www.adomonline.com/parts-of-kumasi-submerged-after-3-hour-downpour/|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> == Idei mmiri na eserese idei mmiri == A na-eji Osimiri Sisan eme ihe dị ka ihe ọmụmụ na imepụta ihe na eserese idei mmiri n'okpuru aha Susan River. Nnyocha e mere na 2012 nyochara idei mmiri na eserese ihe ize ndụ maka Osimiri Susan na Kumasi site na iji usoro ozi ala, teknụzụ mbara igwe na ụdị mmiri HEC-RAS. Nnyocha ahụ gosipụtara mmiri nke osimiri ahụ iji kwado nyocha na eserese [[idei mmiri]]. Ọ na-eji ihe nlereanya dị elu dijitalụ, nkewa nke ala na ihe nlereanya hydraulic iji tụọ usoro idei mmiri ma mepụta map na-emebi idei mmiri. Ọrụ ahụ dị mkpa maka atụmatụ obodo n'ihi na ebe ndị dị ala n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ na-ahụ maka idei mmiri mgbe ikike nke ọwa ahụ gafere ma ọ bụ mgbe ihe mkpofu, silt na ahịhịa na-egbochi mmiri. == Nchịkwa na ibelata == Nlekọta nke Sisan River chọrọ ime ihe gbasara nhicha na mmezi ụzọ mmiri si asọba, njikwa mkpofu, imezi usoro nsị na ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi, atụmatụ iji ala eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota ogo mmiri, na ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri.Nkọwa gbasara ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP na Ghana mere gosiri na ịtụfu mkpofu n'ime ụzọ mmiri, ịnakọta ájá na apịtị , uto ahịhịa na osisi n'ime ọwa mmiri, yana enweghị mmezi zuru oke bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-ebelata ikike ọwa mmiri dị na Kumasi ịnabata ma nyefee mmiri nke ọma. Nzọụkwụ mgbochi nke idei mmiri metụtara osimiri ahụ gụnyere ịsacha, iwepụ ọwa ndị a na-egbochi, ịchịkwa ịwụfu mmiri n'ime mmiri, iwepụ ihe mgbochi, ichebe ebe nchekwa osimiri na ịkwaga ma ọ bụ ichebe ebe obibi na mpaghara idei mmiri dị elu. Akụkọ akụkọ banyere idei mmiri n'akụkụ Susan Riverkwukwara maka ndị bi na ya na-akpọ maka ịdọrọ mmiri na imeziwanye mmezi osimiri mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị ugboro ugboro.<ref name="Adom2021">{{Cite news|title=Parts of Kumasi submerged after 3-hour downpour|work=Adom Online|date=22 October 2021|url=https://www.adomonline.com/parts-of-kumasi-submerged-after-3-hour-downpour/|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> Nzọụkwụ nchịkwa mmiri na-agụnye igbochi mmiri na-adịghị mma na ihe mkpofu ịbanye na ọwa ahụ, ịchịkwa nsị ụlọ ọrụ, imeziwanye ụlọ ọrụ nhicha, nyochaa ọla dị arọ na mmetọ nje, na ịmanye ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ ahụike nke Osimiri Sisa tụrụ aro usoro nchịkwa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị na ụkpụrụ iji chebe osimiri ahụ ma belata ihe ize ndụ nye ndị na-eji ma ọ bụ ndị na-ekpughe mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Kumasi * Osimiri Aboabo * Osimiri Subin * Osimiri Wiwi * Osimiri Ofin * Mmiri na-asọba n'obodo * Idei mmiri n'obodo ukwu * Mmetọ mmiri * [[Ifufe|Mmiri nke oké ifufe]] * Idei Mmiri na Ghana == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a89253d158lwnu86wv7irn6yxdn41tt 655923 655917 2026-06-16T17:20:02Z Neme244 16387 fixed reference error 655923 wikitext text/x-wiki   ''''''Osimiri Sisan '''''', nke a na-akpọkwa Osimiri Sisa ma ọ bụ '''Osimiri Susan ,''' bụ osimiri dị na Kumasi, isi obodo Ashanti Region nke [[Ghana]]. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro mmiri na-asọba nke Mpaghara Obodo Ukwu Kumasi. Ọ na-agafe mpaghara ebe ụlọ, ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche jupụtara nke ukwuu.Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri e mere maka UNDP Ghana kọwara na osimiri ahụ na-amalite site na Kenyase n’ógbè Ejisu-Juaben area. Site ebe ahụ, ọ na-abanye n’ime Kumasi site na Duase na Sepe Timpon, ma mesịa na-asọba n’akụkụ ndịda site na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ dị na Asokwa, Ahensan, na Kaase. Osimiri a bụ otu n'ime isi mmiri anọ dị na Kumasi, tinyere Subin, Aboabo na Wiwi. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na Mmiri nke obodo ukwu nke Kumasi n'ihi na ọ na-enweta mmiri si na iyi ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ukwu, na-akwado akụkụ nke usoro mmiri nke obodo ahụ ma jikọta ya na idei mmiri, mmetọ mmiri, ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọrụ ugbo obodo na ihe ize ndụ ahụike ọha.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}</ref><ref name="AsareDonkor2013">{{Cite journal|author=Asare-Donkor|first=N. K.|title=Chemical Analysis of Freshwater Bodies in the Kumasi Metropolis and Its Environs, Ghana|journal=Journal of Environment and Earth Science|volume=3|issue=9|pages=37–46|year=2013|url=https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/7325/7576|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> == Ụzọ mmiri na mmiri == Osimiri Sisan na-amalite site na Kenyase n’ógbè Ejisu-Juaben area nke dị na Ashanti Region.Ọ na-abanye n’ime Kumasi site na Duase na Sepe Timpon, ma mesịa na-asọba n’ụzọ na-aga n’ebe ndịda site na mpaghara Asokwa, Ahensan, na Kaase. Nkọwa ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP Ghana na-akọkwa na osimiri ahụ na-abanye na Osimiri Ofin dị n'ebe ndịda nke Eastern By-Pass.<ref name="Schuurmans2014" /> Osimiri ahụ na-enweta mmiri site na mmiri ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ukwu na Kumasi. Osimiri Aboabo na-abanye na Osimiri Sisan na Asokwa, ebe Osimiri Wiwi na-abanye ya na Ahensan mgbe ọ gafere na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah. Njikọ ndị a na-eme ka Sisan bụrụ ụzọ dị mkpa na-anata n'ime netwọk mmiri nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti nke Kumasi. A na-ewere Sisan basin dịka akụkụ nke usoro mmiri na-asọba sara mbara nke Kumasi.Obodo ahụ nwere nnukwu ndagwurugwu mmiri anọ nke na-achịkọta mmiri na-asọba n’akụkụ ugwu na etiti metropolis. Otú ọ dị, mmepe obodo na-eme ngwa ngwa na enweghị usoro drainage zuru oke na-emetụta ha nke ukwuu.Dị ka osimiri obodo , Sisan na-arụ ọrụ abụọ: ọ bụ ma ụzọ mmiri eke ma bụrụkwa ọwa mmiri mmiri ozuzo . Ọ na-anata mmiri na-asọba sitere na mpaghara ụlọ obibi, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ. == Ebe e nwere n'obodo ukwu == Osimiri Sisan na-agafe ọtụtụ akụkụ mepere emepe nke Kumasi. A na-ejikọta ụzọ ya na mpaghara na obodo ukwu dịka Duase, Sepe Timpon, Asokwa, Ahensan, Kaase, Amakom na Atonsu. Okporo ụzọ osimiri ahụ gafere ebe ndị a na-emepụta ihe na ebe ndị mmadụ bi na ya na-ekpughe ya na mmiri ozuzo, ihe mkpofu siri ike, nsị, nrụgide obibi na-abụghị nke iwu kwadoro na nsị ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbasa obodo Kumasi na-abawanye nrụgide n’osimiri ya na mpaghara ala idei mmiri . Ala e wuru ụlọ na ya na-ebelata otú mmiri si abanye n’ala ma na-amụba mmiri ozuzo na-asọba ngwa ngwa , ebe iwu ụlọ nso n’akụkụ ọwa mmiri nwere ike igbochi ụzọ osimiri si asọ.Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP mere na Ghana chọpụtara na ịtụgharị ala mmiri n’ime catchments, igbochi isi ọwa mmiri site n’iwu ụlọ, mkpofu, apịtị na ahịhịa, yana ibi nso n’akụkụ osimiri bụ ihe ndị kacha akpata nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri n’ógbè pilot nke Kumasi. N'ihi ya, Osimiri Sisan nwere njikọ chiri anya na atụmatụ obodo na ihe ịma aka nke mmiri na Kumasi. Ọnọdụ ya na-egosipụta mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke mgbanwe iji ala eme ihe, mmezi mmiri, njikwa ihe mkpofu, ebe obibi nke ala mmiri na nchedo mmiri na obodo nke abụọ na-eto ngwa ngwa. == Ịdị mma mmiri na mmetọ == E nyochala Osimiri Sisan n’ihe gbasara mmebi ogo mmiri ya na ihe ize ndụ ọ nwere ike ịkpata ahụ́ ike mmadụ.Nnyocha e mere n’afọ 2021 nyochara ma Osimiri Sisan dị mma iji were ma jiri na Kumasi metropolis. Nnyocha ahụ lekwasịrị anya n’ihe dị iche iche dịka: njirimara kemịkalụ na anụ ahụ mmiri , ihe ng losi nke nje bacteria , metal dị arọ, uru ogo mmiri , yana ihe ize ndụ ahụ́ ike mmadụ—ma maka ụmụaka ma maka ndị okenye.<ref name="Akoto2021" /> Nnyocha ahụ kọrọ na ụfọdụ samples sitere n'osimiri ahụ gosipụtara ọnọdụ alkaline, nakwa na turbidity, alkalinity, agba, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ irighiri ihe, ígwè na chromium karịrị ókè nke World Health Organization kwere mee n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.<ref name="Akoto2021" /> Mmiri samples nwekwara ''Escherichia coli'', ngụkọta coliforms na feecal coliforms, na-egosi mmetọ nje.<ref name="Akoto2021" /> Otu nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ụkpụrụ water quality index dị n’etiti 97.95 ruo 137.22 percent, ebe ihe dịka pasent 75 nke nlele mmiri ka e depụtara dị ka mmiri ogo ya adịghị mma .Nnyocha ahụ site na principal component analysis gosiri na isi mmalite abụọ—geogenic na anthropogenic bụ ihe na-emetụta ọnọdụ kemịkalụ anụ ahụ na ọnọdụ nje bacteria nke osimiri ahụ.Ndị dere ọmụmụ ahụ tụrụ aro ka e tinye usoro njikwa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị na atumatu iwu iji chekwaa osimiri ahụ na akụ mmiri ndị metụtara ya.<ref name="Akoto2021" /> Nnyocha kemịkal dị iche iche nke osimiri dị na Kumasi gosipụtara mmiri sitere na osimiri Sisa, Wiwi na Subin. Nnyocha ahụ nyochara usoro physicochemical, ọla dị arọ na mmetọ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, gụnyere ngụkọta coliforms na E. coli. <ref name="AsareDonkor2013" /> Ndị dere ya kọrọ na ọla niile a tụrụ gafere ọkwa kachasị elu nke Ghana Environmental Protection Agency ma e wezụga zinc, ebe naanị otu sample gafere ókè ahụ.<ref name="AsareDonkor2013" /> == Ebe mmetọ ahụ si == A na-ejikọta mmetọ dị na Osimiri Sisan na ọrụ obodo dị n’ógbè ahụ yana ọrụ mmepe n’ime catchment ya dum.Nnyocha banyere mmiri dị ọcha n’ime Kumasi gosiri na nsogbu ogo mmiri na-abịa site n’nsị ụlọ , ịtụfu ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ , mmiri na-asọba site n’ubi , mkpofu ụlọ , na mmiri nsị a na-ejighị emeso na-abanye n’ime mmiri.N’ime ọmụmụ Osimiri Sisa/Sisan, e chọpụtara na isi mmalite abụọ—geogenic na anthropogenic —bụ ndị na-akpata usoro na ọnọdụ ogo mmiri a hụrụ n’osimiri ahụ.<ref name="AsareDonkor2013" /> Ebe nnwale eji eme ihe na nyocha kemịkal nke mmiri dị ọcha nke Kumasi gụnyere ebe ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Sisa ebe ihe omume ndị gbara ya gburugburu gụnyere ihe mkpofu mmiri sitere na olulu mmiri, ịsa ụgbọala, itinye ihe mkpofu siri ike, ịwụfu ihe mkpofu, nsị mmadụ na anụmanụ, na obere ọrụ nhazi nri.<ref name="AsareDonkor2013" /> Ihe omume ndị a na-emepụta ụzọ nke ihe oriri, microorganisms, sediments na ọla nwere ike ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ. Ebe osimiri ahụ dị n'ime obodo mepere emepe na-emekwa ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emetọ mmiri ozuzo. N'oge mmiri ozuzo, mmiri na-esi n'okporo ụzọ, ebe obibi, ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịsa ihe mkpofu, mmanụ, ihe nsị na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetọ mmiri n'ime ọwa osimiri. == Idei Mmiri == A na-ejikọta Osimiri Sisan na idei mmiri na-eme ugboro ugboro na Kumasi. Nkọwa ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP Ghana gosipụtara Amakom dị ka obodo dị n'akụkụ Sisan River , nke a kọwakwara n'ógbè ahụ d Sisan Akyi. Akụkọ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ dekọrọ na akụkọ ahụ gosiri na idei mmiri na-eme ugboro atọ ma ọ bụ anọ n'afọ mgbe osimiri ahụ na-agbaji n'akụkụ ya ma na-ekpuchi obodo ahụ.<ref name="Schuurmans2014">{{cite report |last=Schuurmans |first=Hanneke |title=Risk Profiles of Hotspots in the Pilot Districts |publisher=UNDP Ghana |date=28 December 2014 |url=https://crewghana.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/risks-profile-of-hotspot.pdf |access-date=31 May 2026}}</ref> Otu akụkọ ahụ kwuru na a na-egbochi osimiri ahụ site na ihe mkpofu na apịtị n’akụkụ ala osimiri , ma na mmiri idei mmiri nwere ike ibili ruo ihe dị ka otu mita n’elu ala ụlọ n’ụlọ ndị metụtara ya.Akụkọ ahụ chọpụtara na mbelata ikike ọwa osimiri ịnabata ma nyefe mmiri bụ otu n’ime ihe kpatara nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri n’akụkụ Osimiri Sisan. E kwukwara na nkwakọba mkpofu, apịtị, uto ahịhịa, yana enweghị mmezi zuru oke na-ebelata ikike ọwa ahụ iburu mmiri idei mmiri nke ọma A kọkwara idei mmiri n’akụkụ osimiri a site n’aka mgbasa ozi akụkọ nke Ghana.N’ọnwa Julaị afọ 2009, Ghana News Agency kọrọ na ihe dị ka ndị bi 200 n’obodo Bomso n’ime Kumasi metropolis chụpụrụ n’ụlọ ha mgbe mmiri ozuzo siri ike dakwasịrị ma metụta ndị bi n’akụkụ Susan River.Nkwupụta ahụ gosiri na ịtụfu mkpofu n’ime osimiri ahụ gbochiri ụzọ mmiri si asọba nke ọma, ma nye aka kpatara idei mmiri ahụ.<ref name="ModernGhana2009">{{Cite news|title=Flood displaces 200 people at Bomso|work=ModernGhana|date=10 July 2009|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/226713/flood-displaces-200-people-at-bomso.html|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2019, Daily Graphic kọrọ na Osimiri Susan dị na Asokwa Municipality jupụtara n'ikpere mmiri ya ma jupụta n'ụlọ ya, ebe Atonsu S-Line kọwara dị ka otu n'ime ebe kachasị njọ.<ref name="Graphic2019">{{Cite news|title=Kumasi residents grapple with losses due to heavy rains|work=Daily Graphic|date=28 May 2019|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/kumasi-residents-grapple-with-losses-due-to-heavy-rains.html|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, akụkọ idei mmiri sitere na Kumasi kwukwara maka iyi Sisan ma ọ bụ Susan na Asabi Junction na ndị bi na Sawaba New Site na-akpọ ka a gwuo osimiri ahụ.<ref name="Adom2021">{{Cite news|title=Parts of Kumasi submerged after 3-hour downpour|work=Adom Online|date=22 October 2021|url=https://www.adomonline.com/parts-of-kumasi-submerged-after-3-hour-downpour/|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> == Idei mmiri na eserese idei mmiri == A na-eji Osimiri Sisan eme ihe dị ka ihe ọmụmụ na imepụta ihe na eserese idei mmiri n'okpuru aha Susan River. Nnyocha e mere na 2012 nyochara idei mmiri na eserese ihe ize ndụ maka Osimiri Susan na Kumasi site na iji usoro ozi ala, teknụzụ mbara igwe na ụdị mmiri HEC-RAS. Nnyocha ahụ gosipụtara mmiri nke osimiri ahụ iji kwado nyocha na eserese [[idei mmiri]]. Ọ na-eji ihe nlereanya dị elu dijitalụ, nkewa nke ala na ihe nlereanya hydraulic iji tụọ usoro idei mmiri ma mepụta map na-emebi idei mmiri. Ọrụ ahụ dị mkpa maka atụmatụ obodo n'ihi na ebe ndị dị ala n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ na-ahụ maka idei mmiri mgbe ikike nke ọwa ahụ gafere ma ọ bụ mgbe ihe mkpofu, silt na ahịhịa na-egbochi mmiri. == Nchịkwa na ibelata == Nlekọta nke Osimiri Sisan chọrọ ime ihe gbasara nhicha na mmezi ụzọ mmiri si asọba, njikwa mkpofu, imezi usoro nsị na ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi, atụmatụ iji ala eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota ogo mmiri, na ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri.Nkọwa gbasara ihe ize ndụ nke UNDP na Ghana mere gosiri na ịtụfu mkpofu n'ime ụzọ mmiri, ịnakọta ájá na apịtị , uto ahịhịa na osisi n'ime ọwa mmiri, yana enweghị mmezi zuru oke bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-ebelata ikike ọwa mmiri dị na Kumasi ịnabata ma nyefee mmiri nke ọma. Nzọụkwụ mgbochi nke idei mmiri metụtara osimiri ahụ gụnyere ịsacha, iwepụ ọwa ndị a na-egbochi, ịchịkwa ịwụfu mmiri n'ime mmiri, iwepụ ihe mgbochi, ichebe ebe nchekwa osimiri na ịkwaga ma ọ bụ ichebe ebe obibi na mpaghara idei mmiri dị elu. Akụkọ akụkọ banyere idei mmiri n'akụkụ Susan Riverkwukwara maka ndị bi na ya na-akpọ maka ịdọrọ mmiri na imeziwanye mmezi osimiri mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị ugboro ugboro.<ref name="Adom2021">{{Cite news|title=Parts of Kumasi submerged after 3-hour downpour|work=Adom Online|date=22 October 2021|url=https://www.adomonline.com/parts-of-kumasi-submerged-after-3-hour-downpour/|accessdate=31 May 2026}}</ref> Nzọụkwụ nchịkwa mmiri na-agụnye igbochi mmiri na-adịghị mma na ihe mkpofu ịbanye na ọwa ahụ, ịchịkwa nsị ụlọ ọrụ, imeziwanye ụlọ ọrụ nhicha, nyochaa ọla dị arọ na mmetọ nje, na ịmanye ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ ahụike nke Osimiri Sisa tụrụ aro usoro nchịkwa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị na ụkpụrụ iji chebe osimiri ahụ ma belata ihe ize ndụ nye ndị na-eji ma ọ bụ ndị na-ekpughe mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Akoto2021">{{Cite journal|author=Akoto|first=Osei|title=A comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and potential health risk assessments of Sisa river, Kumasi|journal=Groundwater for Sustainable Development|volume=15|year=2021|doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100654}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Kumasi * Osimiri Aboabo * Osimiri Subin * Osimiri Wiwi * Osimiri Ofin * Mmiri na-asọba n'obodo * Idei mmiri n'obodo ukwu * Mmetọ mmiri * [[Ifufe|Mmiri nke oké ifufe]] * Idei Mmiri na Ghana == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oxflhzqvtr07kiuee3yyyh54wp11xmg 0 76757 655922 2026-06-16T16:59:55Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358559549|Luapula River]]" 655922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Luvua_-_Luapula_-_Chambeshi_River_DRC.svg|thumb|Osimiri Luapula bụ etiti na-acha ọbara ọbara.]] [[Faịlụ:Mweru-Luapula.jpg|thumb|623x623px|<nowiki>Luapula (n'okpuru) na-emepụta delta marshy ebe ọ na-abanye Lake Mweru (n'etiti, na oji), dịka egosiri na foto satellite NASA a. Ahịrị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi ala ahịhịa na agwaetiti ya (9, 10); ahịrị ntụpọ na-egosi mbara ala mmiri nke osimiri ahụ (11). Red ntụpọ (1-8) bụ obodo. Lee ihe odide maka akụkọ zuru ezu. [Ihe odide ala peeji [note 1]]</nowiki>]] '''Osimiri Luapula''' bụ osimiri na-asọ n'ebe ugwu nke etiti Afrịka, n'ime mmiri nke Osimiri Congo. [note 2]] Ọ na-ebili n'ala mmiri nke Lake Bangweulu ([[Zambia]]), nke Osimiri Chambeshi na-enye mmiri. Luapula na-asọba n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ wee gaa n'ebe ugwu, na-egosi ókèala dị n'etiti Zambia na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] tupu ọ banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Mweru. Osimiri ahụ nyere aha ya na mpaghara Luapula nke Zambia. == Isi iyi na elu Luapula == Luapula na-agbanye ọdọ mmiri Bangweulu na ala mmiri ya nke OsimiriChambeshi, isi iyi nke Congo, na-asọba. Enweghị otu ọwa doro anya jikọtara osimiri abụọ ahụ na ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana ọtụtụ ọwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọdọ mmiri na ala ahịhịa, dịka onye nchọpụta David Livingstone chọpụtara na ọ ga-efu ya. (Ọ nwụrụ na-enyocha mpaghara ahụ, otu n'ime ihe ndị ikpeazụ ọ mere bụ ịjụ Chief Chitambo ajụjụ banyere ụzọ Luapula.) Ọwa ahụ ji obi ike mara dị ka 'Luapula' ma jiri obi ike gosipụta ya na ọtụtụ map na-asọpụta n'ebe ndịda nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bangweulu na 11°25'S 29°49'E nwere ike ịhụ ya na foto satellite dị ka Google Earth iji daa n'ezie n'ime ahịhịa ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gburugburu 11°46'S 29 °48'E. N’okpuru Bangweulu swamps na mpaghara idei mmiri ya, Luapula River na-asọba nwayọọ n’ụdị mgbago (arc), na-ehulata gaa n’akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, mesịa tụgharịa gaa n’ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ma soro n’ụzọ ugwu.N’ụzọ ya, osimiri ahụ nwere ụfọdụ ebe mmiri na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa yana otu usoro mmiri dara ada a ma ama nke a na-akpọ Mambilima Falls, nke dị nso n’akụkụ okporo ụzọ ukwu.E nwekwara ebe ọzọ a na-amachaghị nke ọma a na-akpọ Tangwa, nke dị ihe dịka kilomita 40 (ma ọ bụ maili 25) n’ebe ndịda. N’ebe ahụ, osimiri ahụ agbazila ụzọ ya site n’ugwu nkume siri ike, mepụta oghere dị ukwuu, ụdọ nkume, oghere gbara okirikiri , ma hapụkwa nnukwu nkume ndị dị iche iche, tinyere nkume abụọ na-edozi onwe ha nke a na-akpọ “God’s Corn Bin”. == Ndagwurugwu == Site na Chembe Bridge ruo Lake Mweru, ndagwurugwu Luapula kilomita 300 (190 mi) n'ogologo nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa ala dị larịị nke ọ na-agafe ruo omimi nke mita 500 (1,600 . A maara osimiri ahụ maka ndagwurugwu a na ogologo Delta ya nke na-abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Mweru, nke a na-akpọkarị Luapula Swamps. Akụkụ nke ndagwurugwu ahụ nwere ọtụtụ mmadụ na-amalite n'ebe ugwu site na Mambilima Falls, ma na-akpọ ya 'Mwapoleni Road', mgbe ekele [[Bemba language|Chibemba]] kpọrọ ka ndị mmadụ na-agafe ibe ha. Maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche ọmụmụ bara uru, a pụrụ ile Luapula dị ala na Lake Mweru anya dịka otu njikọ.Ha dị n’ime ndagwurugwu rift ma ọ bụ graben, nke e chere na mbụ na ọ dị iche na East African Rift, ma ugbu a a na-ewere ya dịka alaka nke sistemụ rift ahụ.Agbanyeghị, Lake Mweru adịghị asọba n’ime Lake Tanganyika nke dị na Albertine Rift. Kama nke ahụ, mmiri ya na-apụ site na Osimiri Luvua , nke gbajiri ndagwurugwu dị omimi ma dị warara, na-agbagharị dịka zigzag, tupu ọ jikọọ na Osimiri Lualaba, nke bụ aha e ji kpọọ elu Osimiri Congo .Osimiri Luapula bụ akụkụ nke otu n’ime alaka kacha ogologo nke na-enye mmiri na Congo, ya mere n’ụzọ nkwekọrịta , a na-ewere ya dịka akụkụ nke isi iyi ya, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na elu Lualaba na-eburu mmiri karịa ya. N'elu ọnụ ndagwurugwu rift 60 kilomita (37 mi) n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Luapula Swamps bụ usoro Luizi, 12.6 kilomita (7.8 mi) n"ogologo nke mgbanaka. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e gosipụtara ya dị ka oghere mmetụta meteoritic (astrobleme) guzobere ihe na-erughị nde afọ 600 gara aga. == Mmiri na-adịghị mma == Mmiri ahụ na-agbatị n’akụkụ ikpeazụ nke ihe dịka kilomita 100 (ma ọ bụ maili 62) nke osimiri ahụ tupu ọ banye n’ime ọdọ mmiri. N’ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ebe ahụ, obosara ya ruru ihe dịka kilomita 30 (ma ọ bụ maili 19), ma kpuchie mpaghara ruru ihe dịka square kilomita 2,500 (ma ọ bụ square mile 970).N’ime mpaghara delta ahụ, e nwere agwaetiti anọ mmadụ bi na ha n’akụkụ DR Congo, tinyere agwaetiti kachasị ibu n’usoro ahụ, nke a pụrụ iru n’ụzọ ala n’oge ọkọchị .N’akụkụ Zambia, e nwekwara agwaetiti atọ mmadụ bi na ha n’ime delta ahụ, gụnyere Chisenga Island.E nwekwara ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri nta , nke kacha ibu bụ Mofwe Lagoon n’akụkụ Zambia. Dị ka ọ dị na Bangweulu Swamps, ihe ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri nke papyrus bụ akụkụ nke marshes, nke na-egbochi ọwa ma gbanwee ọdịdị nke ọdọ mmiri. Otú ọ dị, isi ọwa osimiri anaghị egbochi ma na-anọgide na-adị ihe dị ka mita 400 (1,300 n'obosara. Ọ mepụtaghị ọwa alaka nke dị na deltas osimiri. Ogwe osisi dị nnọọ elu na-eto n'akụkụ ala mmiri n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-eme ka o sie ike ịhụ ọdọ mmiri site n'ala ma ọ bụ ịchọta ụzọ na-aga na ọwa dị warara nke ụgbọ mmiri na-eji. A na-achọ ndị nduzi iji gafee ha, ha bụkwa ebe a na-ebubata ndị mmadụ n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ na-ekerịta ala mmiri. Agụ iyi na Enyí mmiri na-adịkarị n’osimiri ahụ, ma bụrụkwa ihe egwu nye ndị na-akụ azụ na ndị njem.Agbanyeghị, ndị Shila na mbụ na-eji ụzọ ịchụ nta pụrụ iche na-egbu hipopotamus, na-eji naanị harpoon a na-atụ site n’ụgbọ mmiri eme nke ahụ.. N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke delta na DR Congo bụ ala ahịhịa sara mbara nke kpuchiri ihe dị ka 1,600 km². Na ngwụcha oge mmiri ozuzo, ala mmiri Luapula jikọtara ọnụ gafere square kilomita 4,000 (1,500 sq mi). Ala mmiri ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ìgwè anụ lechwe na sitatunga na-eme ihere, anụ ọhịa antelopes a ma ama nke mpaghara ahụ, mana a na-eche na ha abụọ na-adịghịzi na ala Luapula n'ihi ịchụ nta na enweghị nlekọta anụ ọhịa.&nbsp; == Ebe obibi mmadụ == N'elu na n'etiti Luapula nwere mmadụ ole na ole. Ihe ndị sitere n'okike nke ndagwurugwu dị ala, nke gụnyere ịkụ azụ n'osimiri ahụ, ọdọ mmiri na ala mmiri nwere ala ugbo na-eme nri n'akụkụ ya, dọtara ndị Lunda na-awakpo Mwata Kazembe ka ha biri ebe ahụ n'ihe dị ka 1750. Isi obodo ha ugbu a dị na Mwansabombwe na nsọtụ delta. Ndị ahịa Arab na ndị na-ere ohu si Zanzibar na ndị ahịa Portuguese si [[Mozambique]] dọtara mmasị n'ógbè ahụ na narị afọ nke 18 na nke 19. David Livingstone bụ [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|Onye Britain]] mbụ letara na 1867. Ọ chọpụtabeghị osimiri ahụ mana n'ịchụ nta maka mmalite nke Naịl, Mwata Kazembe bụ onye mbụ gwara ya na Luapula jikọtara usoro Chambeshi / Bangweulu na Mweru / Luvua / Lualaba. Livingstone kwenyere n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi na Lualaba na-asọba na Naịl kama ịga na Osimiri Congo. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ozi ala ọzọ mbụ nọ na Central Africa dọtakwara mmasị na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Nke mbụ [[Garanganze Mission|Ọrụ Garanganze]] Mission nke Plymouth Brethren na Mambilima n'ihe dị ka 1892, nke London Missionary Society sochiri na Mbereshi na 1900. Obodo ukwu mbụ nke oge ọchịchị bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, Kasenga, na DR Congo, nke bara ọgaranya na 1930s site n'inye Elizabethville na obodo ndị ọzọ nke Katanga Copperbelt azụ site n'okporo ụzọ mbụ iji ruo na ndagwurugwu ahụ. E jidere ọtụtụ n'ime azụ ahụ na ''Ọdọ Mmiri Mweru'' ma jiri ụgbọ mmiri bubata ya na Luapula gaa Kasenga, ebe a na-etinye ya n’akpụrụ mmiri oyi nke a na-emepụta n’ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.Ọ bụ ezie na azụ a na-ejide ugbu a belatara, ma ọtụtụ n’ime ya na-ebuga ya ugbu a site n’okporo ụzọ dị mma nke Zambia, Kasenga ka bụ naanị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n’osimiri ahụ. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara azụ na mpaghara ahụ, a na-atụ aro ilele isiokwu gbasara Lake Mweru. N'akụkụ Zambia nke Luapula, ntiwapụ nke [[Ọrịa ihi ụra nke ukwuu|ọrịa ụra]] mere ka ndị ọchịchị Britain wepụ Fort Rosebery boma ha na ndagwurugwu ahụ gaa na mbara ala dị na Mansa, ebe egwu [[Iba|ịba]] na Luapula Swamps mere ka ha guzobe nke ọzọ na mbara ala na Kawambwa. N'ihi ya, obodo na obodo nta ndị dị na ndagwurugwu ahụ, dị ka nke kachasị ukwuu, Mwansabombwe, enweghị otu àgwà nke ndị na-achị achị dị ka obodo nchịkwa. Otú ọ dị, na-agbaso nduzi nke ndị na-ewu ụlọ ozi ala ọzọ na Mwata Kazembe, site na mbido afọ 1900, ọtụtụ ụlọ dị na ndagwurugwu ahụ bụ nke brik siri ike, brik a mịrị amị, ma nwee brik ụfọdụ ọkụ.<ref name="Lammond" /> == Ụgbọ mmiri == Tupu ọbịbịa nke njem n'okporo ụzọ, ndị mmadụ ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ n'etiti ọdọ mmiri Bangweulu na Mweru. Osimiri dị ala n'etiti Kasenga na Kilwa na Mweru bụ ugbu a naanị akụkụ nke osimiri ahụ na-ebu ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọtụtụ n'ime nke ahụ bụ ugbu a maka DR Congo, ebe okporo ụzọ na-adịghị agafe agafe. Ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1940, elu Luapula site na Kapalala ruo Lake Bangweulu na Osimiri Chambeshi bụ otu n'ime ebe kachasị mkpa maka njem osimiri na Northern Rhodesia n'oge ahụ. Ngwongwo na-aga site n'okporo ụzọ site na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị na Sakania 10 kilomita (6.2 mi) n'ebe ugwu Ndola ruo Kapalala ka a na-ebunye ha n'ụgbọ mmiri na obere ụgbọ mmiri. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, e ji ụgbọ mmiri 1,885 dị otú ahụ bufee ihe onwunwe na Chambeshi site n'ebe ọ gara n'okporo ụzọ agha gaa Mbala maka Mgbalị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. N'ụzọ dị mwute, papyrus na-ese n'elu mmiri na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ na-ejikarị ọwa mmiri ndị dị na Bangweulu na-esonyere ọdọ mmiri ahụ, Luapula na Chambeshi, na-eme ka o sie ike iji ụgbọ mmiri buru ibu. == Ịgafe Osimiri == Ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri mbụ dị na Kasenga, Kapalala na Shiniama nso Matanda. Ọ dịghị onye fọdụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ndị njem na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti Kasenga na Kashiba, Zambia. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1950, Ụgbọ mmiri Chembe n'Okporo ụzọ Congo Pedicle ghọrọ isi ụzọ ụgbọ ala. Osimiri ahụ dị mita 400 (1,300 n'obosara mana ọ nwere ike iju mmiri ruo 1 kilomita (0.62 mi) n'ogologo n'oge mmiri ozuzo. N'afọ 1983, e wuru àkwà mmiri mbụ gafere osimiri ahụ, [[Luapula Bridge|Àkwà mmiri Luapula]] kilomita 2.5 (1.6 mi) n'ogologo n'okporo ụzọ Samfya-Serenje. Ụzọ e si aga n'àkwà mmiri ahụ gụnyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kilomita 20 (12 mi) nke ụzọ dị elu n'elu ala mmiri na kilomita 40 ọzọ (25 mi) nke embankment n'elu mbara ala mmiri. A rụchara àkwà mmiri nke abụọ n'elu osimiri ahụ, Àkwà mmiri Chembe mita 320 (1,050 n'ogologo na 2008 iji dochie Chembe Ferry. == Hụkwa == * Okporo ụzọ Congo na map na-egosi ụzọ osimiri ahụ''na map na-egosi ụzọ osimiri ahụ si aga'' * Osimiri Luvua * Osimiri Congo * Ógbè Katanga == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Edensibịa == * Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia". Camerapx International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8eb7931g476s2v89imiztdwtmbaoi5g 0 76758 655932 2026-06-16T22:57:19Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346386487|Eastern Regional Hospital]]" 655932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Eastern Regional Hospital|org_group=Ministry of Health|image=Koforidua Central Hospital.jpg|caption=<!-- optional -->|logo=|location=[[Koforidua]]|state=[[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern Region]]|country=Ghana|coordinates={{Coord|6.09766|-0.25720|display=inline,title}}|healthcare=Public - [[Ghana Health Service]]|type=|speciality=<!-- if devoted to a speciality, i.e. not if has broad spectrum of specialities -->|standards=<!-- optional if no national standards -->|emergency=Yes|affiliation=[[All Nations University]]|beds=|founded=1959|closed=<!-- optional -->|website={{URL|https://erhk.org/}}|other_links=<!-- optional -->}} '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ógbè Ọwụwa Anyanwụ''' a makwaara ya dịka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mpaghara Koforidua bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi mpaghara na nke a na-atụ aro na Koforidua na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ghana . <ref name="ghana">{{Cite web|title=Eastern region hospitals|url=http://ghana-net.com/GHANA_EASTERN_REGION.aspx|publisher=www.ghana-net.com|accessdate=4 December 2011|archivedate=18 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418073228/http://ghana-net.com/GHANA_EASTERN_REGION.aspx}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/12/30/koforidua-regional-hospital-targeting-teaching-hospital-status/|title=Koforidua Regional Hospital targeting teaching hospital status|first=Delali|author=Adogla-Bessa|date=30 December 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/695417/koforidua-regional-hospital-celebrates-90-years.html|title=Koforidua Regional Hospital celebrates 90 years|publisher=}}</ref> E guzobere Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mpaghara Koforidua na 1926. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ dị na Obodo New Jauben na Mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. == Ọnọdụ mberede == A rụzigharịrị ngalaba mberede nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 2020 iji mee ka ohere maka ndị ọrịa ndị ọzọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-08|title=Eastern Regional Hospital upgrades coronavirus Treatment Centre|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Eastern-Regional-Hospital-upgrades-coronavirus-Treatment-Centre-1255546|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Regional Hospitals of Ghana}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9apoexe2ecy5gjwjsce6hhai3ack2yf 0 76759 655933 2026-06-16T23:01:33Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330208510|Galmi Hospital]]" 655933 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox hospital|name=Galmi Hospital|org_group=[[Serving In Mission]]|logo=|logo_size=|image=|image_size=225|alt=|caption=|coordinates={{coord|13.969461|5.666702|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}|location=[[Galmi]]|region=|state=|country=Niger|healthcare=Non-profit <!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private -->|funding=Charitable,Public|type=District General|affiliation=|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=Yes|beds=|speciality=|helipad=No|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=<!-- up to h12 -->|founded=<!-- cite in article as well -->|closed=|demolished=|website={{URL|http://galmi.org}}|other_links=|module=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Galmi |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[Serving In Mission|Ịrụ Ọrụ]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Galmi Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q5519255"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Galmi Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q5519255"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[5.666702,13.969461],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Galmi Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Galmi]], Niger |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galmi_Hospital&params=13.969461_N_5.666702_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°58′10′′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°40′00′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.969461°N 5.666702°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.969461; 5.666702</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galmi_Hospital&params=13.969461_N_5.666702_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°58′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°40′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.969461°N 5.666702°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">13.969461; 5.666702</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |Òtù Na-enweghị Uru |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Mpaghara Ukwu |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Helipads |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Helipad | class="infobox-data" |Mba |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://galmi.org galmi.org]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Niger |} '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Galmi''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ izugbe ime obodo nke nwere akwa 184 nke SIM (Serving In Mission) na-elekọta n'obodo Galmi nke mba Niger. Ndị dọkịta na ndị nọọsụ sitere n'akụkụ ụwa niile na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ Galmi, tinyere ndị ọrụ ahụike a zụrụ azụ n'ógbè ahụ. Ndị ọrịa na-esi n'obodo nta na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu na-aga ebe ahụ iji nweta nlekọta ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GALMI HOSPITAL, GALMI, NIGER|url=https://www.samaritanspurse.org/medical/mission-hospitals-galmi-hospital-galmi-niger/|accessdate=2021-03-11|work=Samaritan's Purse|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410211755/https://samaritanspurse.org/medical/mission-hospitals-galmi-hospital-galmi-niger/}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwekwara mmemme HIV na-Ịrụ Ọrụ yana Nutritional Rehabilitation. == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * {{Cite web|url=https://flickr.com/photos/stephenmo/collections/72157604235364581/|title=Photos of Galmi|work=Flickr}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bpthd6e0fpz2iffhf3ofszifvbr0k55 0 76760 655934 2026-06-16T23:03:58Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359723571|Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda]]" 655934 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ndị Juu nke Galilee nke Uganda |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q24236557"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q24236557"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[32.53583333333333,0.33166666666666667],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |Masanafu, Sentema Road, Lubaga Division, Uganda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galilee_Community_General_Jewish_Hospital_of_Uganda&params=00_19_54_N_32_32_09_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">00°19′54′′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°32′09′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.33167°N 32.53583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.33167; 32.53583</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Obodo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mmekọrịta okpukpe</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ndị Juu |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |50 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emeghe | class="infobox-data" |2009 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Uganda |} Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda (nke a makwaara dị ka '''GCGH''') bụ ụlọ ọgwụ obodo nwere akwa iri ise na agbataobi Masanafu, na Lubaga Division, na Kampala, isi obodo na obodo kachasị na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.galilee-royalfreehospital.org/AboutUS.php|title=About Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda|accessdate=24 May 2016|date=24 May 2016|publisher=Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda (GCGJHU)|author=GCGJHU|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315031802/http://www.galilee-royalfreehospital.org/AboutUS.php|archivedate=15 March 2016}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ụlọ ọgwụ a bụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo na-abụghị nke uru nke nwere njikọ na obodo ndị Juu na Uganda. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụlọ ọgwụ obodo nkeonwe na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kampala, na-ejere ndị bi n'obodo ukwu ndị nwere obere ego ozi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Galileemedicare – galileemedicare|url=https://galilee-medicare.org/|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20260519223542/https://galilee-medicare.org/|archivedate=2026-05-19|accessdate=2026-06-09|work=galilee-medicare.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-enye ndị na-arịa ọrịa na ndị na-anọghị n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ọtụtụ ngalaba gụnyere ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ. Ikike ya nke nwere ihe ndina iri ise na-etinye ya n'ụdị ụlọ ọgwụ zuru oke nke obodo n'okpuru usoro ahụike nke Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Services – Galileemedicare|url=https://galilee-medicare.org/our-services/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebe == Ụlọ ọgwụ a dị na Masanafu, n'akụkụ ụzọ Sentema, na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kampala, ihe dị ka kilomita itoolu (maịlụ isii) n'ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ Mulago National Referral..<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=24 May 2016|date=24 May 2016|url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Galilee%20Community%20General%20Hospital%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Mulago%20National%20Referral%20Hospital%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJ9_ljZ7WkfRcRxq_PTdVBLG0&dt2=ChIJ4Z1QUQ-7fRcRjE1nQkUzEuo|title=Distance between Galilee Community General Hospital, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda and Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda|publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)|author=GFC}}</ref> Coordinates nke Galilee Community Hospital bụ 0°19'54.0"N, 32°32'09.0"E (Latitude:0.331669; Longitude:32.535836). == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Uganda * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba Mulago * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ntụziaka Ụmụ nwanyị Mulago * Nlekọta ahụike na Uganda * Nkewa Lubaga == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Kampala District}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f0wdg2ue8bivy2bencgudjkyjd1q1uk 0 76761 655935 2026-06-16T23:06:28Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354864663|Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti]]" 655935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Federal teaching hospital, Iddo Ekiti|logo=|logo_size=|coordinates=|location=Iddo Ekiti|address=Ifaki-Ido Rd, Ido Ekiti 371101, Ekiti|funding=[[Government of Nigeria]]|type=General, Multi-Specialty Teaching Hospital|speciality=Multi-Specialty Hospital|founded=1998|helipad=Yes|emergency=Yes|beds=600|affiliation=[[FUOYE]]|state=[[Ekiti State]]|country=Nigeria|website={{URL|https://fethi.gov.ng/}}|image=|image_size=|caption=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi gọọmentị etiti, Iddo Ekiti |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q131926906"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q131926906"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[5.187700293496165,7.843358495492652],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |Iddo Ekiti, [[Ekiti State|Ekiti Steeti]], Nigeria |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Hospital#Types|Ụdị]] | class="infobox-data category" |General, Multi-Special Teaching Hospital |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[University|Mahadum jikọtara ya]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |[[FUOYE|OYE]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Emergency department|Ngalaba mberede]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |600 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Helipads |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Helipad]] | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1998 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://fethi.gov.ng/ fethi.gov.ng]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |[[List of hospitals in Nigeria|Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa]] |} Federal Teaching Hospital, Iddo Ekiti bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze dị na [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] ma Mahadum Federal nke Oye Ekiti na-eji ya zụọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=FUOYE, FETHI partner on nursing school facilities upgrade – Punch Newspapers|date=5 July 2021|url=https://punchng.com/fuoye-fethi-partner-on-nursing-school-facilities-upgrade/?amp|accessdate=2025-01-14|language=en-US|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ a na-eje ozi dị ka ebe a na-anọpụ iche n'oge ọrịa dịka Lassa fever na-agbasa. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ebe mmụta maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nọọsụ nke steeti ahụ.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=vanguard|date=2018-03-13|title=Lassa fever kills 3 in Ekiti|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/lassa-fever-kills-3-ekiti/amp/|accessdate=2025-01-14|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E nwere ndị ọrụ 703 n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke CMD wepụtara na 2021, na ndị ọrụ 629 e buliri elu na ndị ọrụ ọhụrụ 71 e goro ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-30|title=FETHI Confirms 74 Appointments, Promotes 629 – Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/fethi-confirms-74-appointments-promotes-629/|accessdate=2025-01-14|language=en-GB|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, ezinụlọ Ogunruku nyere ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ụlọ ihi ụra isii iji mee ka otu n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ha, Ifelola Ana-Ogunruku, nwụọ dị ka onye na-alụbeghị di.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nejo|first=Abiodun|date=2022-04-24|title=Family donates building to Ekiti hospital|url=https://punchng.com/family-donates-building-to-ekiti-hospital/?amp|accessdate=2025-01-14|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Muhammad Ali Pate kwadoro mgbakwunye ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ maka iwu ya na 2023. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=2023-12-19|title=Minister okays operation of teaching hospital annex|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/minister-okays-operation-of-teaching-hospital-annex/amp/|accessdate=2025-01-14|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nchịkwa == Onye isi nchịkwa ahụike nke FEHI bụ Adekunle Ajayi, onye a họpụtara na Disemba 2017 ma mee ka nhọpụta ya dị ọhụrụ na 2021 site n'aka gọọmentị Muhammadu Buhari.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ani|first=Emmanuel|date=2021-10-07|title=Buhari reappoints prof Ajayi as FETHI CMD|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/07/buhari-reappoints-prof-ajayi-as-fethi-cmd/|accessdate=2025-01-14|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Buhari appoints new heads for four tertiary hospitals|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/255109-buhari-appoints-new-heads-four-tertiary-hospitals.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2025-01-14|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A họpụtara Foluso Moronke Adelegan site na Ministri Ahụike na Ọdịmma Ọha na Eze nke Federal dịka Onyeisi Nchịkwa na Odeakwụkwọ nke Board of Management nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, Ido Ekiti, na 2024..<ref>{{Cite news|title=FG appoints Adelegan FETHI admin director – Punch Newspapers|date=20 October 2024|url=https://punchng.com/fg-appoints-adelegan-fethi-admin-director/?amp|accessdate=2025-01-14|language=en-US|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ngalaba == === Ọrụ Ọgwụ === Ọrịa Ọrịa Na-egbu Ọrịa Ihe mberede na ọnọdụ mberede Ịwa Ahụ Nchịkwa Ozi Ahụike Ọgwụ Ezinụlọ Ọgwụ ezé Onye na-ekwu maka ọrịa na-eme ihe ike Physioterapy Departenent Onye na-agba ọsọ na Farma == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Ȯra Ekiti]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8gp6f7sdw0twlnbz07ynqek3hzkhtyb 0 76762 655936 2026-06-16T23:08:36Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346760532|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna]]" 655936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna|logo=|logo_size=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|coordinates=|location=Barnawa|state=[[Kaduna State]]|country=Nigeria|founded=|website={{URL|https://fnphkaduna.gov.ng}}|other_links=|module=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ọrịa Mpaghara Federal, Kaduna |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q112967855"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q112967855"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[7.427964980061062,10.465196948941502],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |Barnawa, Kaduna Steeti, Naịjirịa |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://fnphkaduna.gov.ng fnphkaduna.gov.ng]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |[[List of hospitals in Nigeria|Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa]] |} Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, bụ ụlọ ọgwụ gọọmentị etiti nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nke dị na Barnawa, Kaduna State, Naijiria . <ref>{{Cite web|author=FEMI|date=2021-08-26|title=Medical Director of FNPH , Kaduna Dies at 49|url=https://dailynewstimeng.com/2021/08/26/medical-director-of-fnph-kaduna-dies-at-49/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=Daily Newstime Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826175322/https://dailynewstimeng.com/2021/08/26/medical-director-of-fnph-kaduna-dies-at-49/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-06|title=LUTH, 51 others get N50bn to equip isolation centres, ICUs|url=https://punchng.com/luth-51-others-get-n50bn-to-equip-isolation-centres-icus/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Onye CMD ugbu a bụ Dr. Aishatu Yushau Armaya'u . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Speaker Profile: Aishatu Yushau Armaya'u|url=https://www.emedevents.com/speaker-profile/aishatu-yushau-armiya-u|accessdate=27 February 2023|work=emedevents}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, na 1975. A maara ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ n'oge gara aga dị ka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ọrịa Uche Kakuri . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-26|title=Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Kaduna loses medical director|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/federal-neuro-psychiatric-hospital-kaduna-loses-medical-director/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-09|title=Neurologist attributes increase in mental health to drug abuse|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/features/health/neurologist-attributes-increase-in-mental-health-to-drug-abuse/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ gọọmentị etiti 52 natara ijeri 60 n'aka gọọmentị gọọmentị n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Tolu-Kolawole|first=Deborah|date=2022-02-06|title=LUTH, 51 others get N50bn to equip isolation centres, ICUs|url=https://punchng.com/luth-51-others-get-n50bn-to-equip-isolation-centres-icus/?amp|accessdate=2024-09-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> E wezụga itinye aka gọọmentị etiti, gọvanọ steeti Kaduna kwadokwara ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, onye malitere ụlọ ọgwụ maka ọrịa coronavirus, nke a kpọrọ aha Prọfesọ Jika n'afọ 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2023-08-08|title=Kaduna Govt vows to support Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital to address mental health - Peoples Daily Newspaper|url=https://www.peoplesdailyng.com/kaduna-govt-vows-to-support-neuro-psychiatric-hospital-to-address-mental-health/|accessdate=2024-09-17|language=en-US|work=[[Peoples Daily (Nigeria)|Peoples Daily]]}}</ref> == Ihe owuwu na mmemme == Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka dị na [[Kaduna]] na-elekọta ahụike uche nke ụmụ amaala dịka onye isi nchịkwa ahụike mbụ bụ Prọfesọ Abdulkareem Jika Yusuf kwuru na Ụbọchị Ahụike Mental na 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|author=III|first=Admin|date=2019-10-13|title=World Mental Day: Psychiatric hospital vows to tackle suicide in Kaduna|url=https://blueprint.ng/world-mental-day-psychiatric-hospital-vows-to-tackle-suicide-in-kaduna/|accessdate=2024-09-17|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2024, Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal Neuro-Psychiatric, Kaduna, jikọrọ aka na Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), Kaduna, iji mee nyocha ahụike uche nke a na-amanye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala niile na steeti ahụ, atụmatụ iji belata ọnụọgụ ihe mberede okporo ụzọ.. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2023-12-20|title=Lagos psychiatric hospital records 100% admission increase -CMD|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-psychiatric-hospital-records-100-admission-increase-cmd/|accessdate=2024-09-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Nakwa, na Febụwarị 2024, e mepụtara ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-egbu egbu n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe a na-elekọta ndị ọrịa nwere nsogbu ọgwụ ọjọọ na nsogbu ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ngalaba ahụ na-ekewapụkwa nsogbu uche ndị ọzọ na nke sitere na iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na nsogbu ọgwụ ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Toxicology ward to address mental issues created in Kaduna hospital|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/02/18/toxicology-ward-to-address-mental-issues-created-in-kaduna-hospital/|work=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> === Mgbanwe ihu igwe === N'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, onye isi nlekọta ahụike nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ Dr Aisha yushau tụrụ aro ịkụ [[Óshíshí|osisi]] 1000 n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=2024-05-22|title=Climate Change: Kaduna psychiatric hospital plans to plant 1,000 trees|url=https://gazettengr.com/climate-change-kaduna-psychiatric-hospital-plans-to-plant-1000-trees/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * Ọrụ ndị isi mgbaka mberede * Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche ụmụaka na ndị na-eto eto * Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche * Ọgwụgwọ na ime ka ọgwụ ọjọọ dịghachi mma * Ọrụ ndị isi mgbaka * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ahụike uche * Ọrụ mgbasa ozi obodo * Ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya * Ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọrụ * Ọrụ nke uche * Ọrụ Nweghachi Ọgwụ * Ọrụ ụlọ nyocha nke mkpụrụ ndụ * Ọrụ nyocha * ọrụ nlekọta ihe ntụrụndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Service - FNPH|url=https://www.fnphkaduna.com/pages/service.php|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=www.fnphkaduna.com}}</ref> === Ọrụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche bụ === * electroencephalography (EEG) * Ahụike uche Nnyocha na ọzụzụ * Electrocardiography (ECG) * Nlekọta siri ike. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] srzfxe5xrtg3w3oib12yqtqj609qmjl 0 76763 655937 2026-06-16T23:10:25Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358617305|Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia]]" 655937 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal, Umuahia |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q112967844"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q112967844"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[7.5102020108472,5.612818056025273],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Umuahia]], Abia Steeti, Nigeria |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |[[List of hospitals in Nigeria|Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa]] |} Federal Medical Center, [[Umuahia]] bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike gọọmentị etiti nke Naijiria dị na Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Onye isi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Azubuike Onyebuchi . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-10-29|title=Health Minister's thoughts on transformation at FMC Umuahia|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/health-ministers-thoughts-transformation-fmc-umuahia/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=III|first=Editorial|date=2019-08-18|title=I'll transform FMC Umuahia to teaching hospital – CMD|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/ill-transform-fmc-umuahia-to-teaching-hospital-cmd/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> __TOC__ == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal, Umuahia n'afọ 1945. A maara ụlọ ọgwụ a na mbụ dịka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Queen Elizabeth Specialist, Umuahia ma gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal, Umuahia na Nọvemba afọ 1991. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-27|title=Clubfoot: Nigerian surgeon, American partners bring succour to hundreds of children - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/486932-clubfoot-nigerian-surgeon-american-partners-bring-succour-to-hundreds-of-children.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/486932-clubfoot-nigerian-surgeon-american-partners-bring-succour-to-hundreds-of-children.html|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en-GB|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-06-04|title=World bicycle day: FRSC highlights health benefits of using bicycles|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/world-bicycle-day-frsc-highlights-health-benefits-of-using-bicycles/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tgqk2mkcrc8x97zvxt38y68thuli28a 0 76764 655938 2026-06-16T23:11:33Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345420616|Federal Medical Centre, Onitsha]]" 655938 wikitext text/x-wiki Federal Medical Center, Onitsha bụ ebe nlekọta ahụike ọha na eze dị na Onitsha, Steeti Anambra. Onyeisi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Dr. Mercy Anugwu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/672419-nigerian-hospital-smuggled-406-persons-into-payroll-after-fg-takeover-minister.html|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=[[Premium Times]]|title=Nigerian hospital smuggled 406 persons into payroll after FG takeover – Minister}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-05-18|title=FG Upgrades General Hospital Onitsha to Federal Medical Centre|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-upgrades-general-hospital-onitsha-to-federal-medical-centre/|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 2022, e mere ka ụlọọgwụ izugbe nke Onitsha bụrụ ebe a na-ahụ maka ahụike gọọmentị etiti, mgbe ndị omeiwu mba ahụ tinyere akwụkwọ iwu nke Senator Stella Oduah kwadoro ma onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhar bịanye aka na ya.. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-05-18|title=FG Upgrades General Hospital Onitsha to Federal Medical Centre|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-upgrades-general-hospital-onitsha-to-federal-medical-centre/|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnyanwu2023">Anyanwu, Samuel (2023-05-18). [https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-upgrades-general-hospital-onitsha-to-federal-medical-centre/ "FG Upgrades General Hospital Onitsha to Federal Medical Centre"]. ''Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Obianeri|first=Ikenna|date=2023-05-19|title=FG upgrades Onitsha general hospital to federal medical centre|url=https://punchng.com/fg-upgrades-onitsha-general-hospital-to-federal-medical-centre/?amp|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Agbodo|first=Jeff|date=May 20, 2023|title=Soludo, Obi of Onitsha, CLO commends Senator Oduah, FG for upgrade of Onitsha Gen. Hospital to FMC|url=https://thesun.ng/soludo-obi-of-onitsha-clo-commends-senator-oduah-fg-for-upgrade-of-onitsha-gen-hospital-to-fmc/|accessdate=April 2, 2025|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dan3fcu9ezgxfzhgqgwvpr3tb10b273 655939 655938 2026-06-16T23:12:10Z Chinemeremprince 13026 655939 wikitext text/x-wiki Federal Medical Center, Onitsha bụ ebe nlekọta ahụike ọha na eze dị na Onitsha, Steeti Anambra. Onyeisi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Dr. Mercy Anugwu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/672419-nigerian-hospital-smuggled-406-persons-into-payroll-after-fg-takeover-minister.html|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=[[Premium Times]]|title=Nigerian hospital smuggled 406 persons into payroll after FG takeover – Minister}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 2022, e mere ka ụlọọgwụ izugbe nke Onitsha bụrụ ebe a na-ahụ maka ahụike gọọmentị etiti, mgbe ndị omeiwu mba ahụ tinyere akwụkwọ iwu nke Senator Stella Oduah kwadoro ma onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhar bịanye aka na ya.. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-05-18|title=FG Upgrades General Hospital Onitsha to Federal Medical Centre|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-upgrades-general-hospital-onitsha-to-federal-medical-centre/|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnyanwu2023">Anyanwu, Samuel (2023-05-18). [https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-upgrades-general-hospital-onitsha-to-federal-medical-centre/ "FG Upgrades General Hospital Onitsha to Federal Medical Centre"]. ''Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Obianeri|first=Ikenna|date=2023-05-19|title=FG upgrades Onitsha general hospital to federal medical centre|url=https://punchng.com/fg-upgrades-onitsha-general-hospital-to-federal-medical-centre/?amp|accessdate=2025-04-02|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Agbodo|first=Jeff|date=May 20, 2023|title=Soludo, Obi of Onitsha, CLO commends Senator Oduah, FG for upgrade of Onitsha Gen. Hospital to FMC|url=https://thesun.ng/soludo-obi-of-onitsha-clo-commends-senator-oduah-fg-for-upgrade-of-onitsha-gen-hospital-to-fmc/|accessdate=April 2, 2025|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rm33vsr86bq5etkdpf8cyzge5gbu5jn 0 76765 655940 2026-06-16T23:14:38Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354868574|Federal Medical Centre, Ikole Ekiti, Ekiti State]]" 655940 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal, Ikole Ekiti |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Federal Medical Centre, Ikole Ekiti, Ekiti State","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q133260844"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Federal Medical Centre, Ikole Ekiti, Ekiti State"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q133260844"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[5.5341049525826,7.8021143235395],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Federal Medical Centre, Ikole Ekiti, Ekiti State","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Ekiti state|Ekiti steeti]], Naịjirịa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Federal_Medical_Centre,_Ikole_Ekiti,_Ekiti_State&params=7.8021143235395_N_5.5341049525826_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°48′08′′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°32′03′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.802114323539468°N 5.534104952582562°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.802114323539468; 5.534104952582562</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Federal_Medical_Centre,_Ikole_Ekiti,_Ekiti_State&params=7.8021143235395_N_5.5341049525826_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°48′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°32′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.802114323539468°N 5.534104952582562°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">7.802114323539468; 5.534104952582562</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ọchịagha |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa |} Federal Medical Center, Ikole Ekiti bụ ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike nke gọọmentị nwere nke dị na Ikole Ekini, Ekiti State, Nigeria . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ikole – Ekiti State Government Website|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/about-ekiti/local-government/ikole|accessdate=2025-03-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-enye ndị bi na [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu ọrụ ahụike pụrụ iche, gụnyere nchọpụta, ọgwụ, na nlekọta mgbochi. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ụlọ ọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ ma na-enye ngalaba dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ọgwụ ime ụlọ, ịwa ahụ, pediatrics, obstetrics na gynecology, na nlekọta mberede. Dị ka akụkụ nke usoro nlekọta ahụike nke gọọmentị etiti Naijiria, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'inye ọrụ ahụike dị mma na nke dị ọnụ ala ma na-eje ozi dị ka ebe ọzụzụ maka ndị ọkachamara ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospitals in South-Western Nigeria {{!}} Songhai Health Trust Limited|url=https://songhaihealthtrust.com/southwest.html|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=songhaihealthtrust.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Federal Medical Centre Ikole-Ekiti Archives|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/federal-medical-centre-ikole-ekiti|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ọganihu == Gọọmentị etiti Naịjirịa ebinyela aka na Nkwekọrịta Nghọta (MoU) na Gọọmentị Ekiti Steeti iji kwalite Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ọkachamara Ikole Ekiti ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal (FMC). Ebumnuche a bụ ime ka ohere na ịdị mma nke nlekọta ahụike dịkwuo mma, ọkachasị n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ. Minista Steeti maka Ahụike, Dr. Tunji Alausa, mesiri ike na mmelite ahụ kwekọrọ na nkwa Onyeisiala Bola Tinubu ime ka nlekọta ahụike bụrụ nke onye kwuo uche ya. Gọvanọ Biodun Oyebanji gosipụtara ekele maka nkwado ahụ, na-akọwapụta na FMC ga-enye ọrụ ahụike dị elu, dọta ndị ọkachamara ahụike nwere nkà, ma kwalite uto akụ na ụba mpaghara. Ndị ọchịchị ọdịnala na ndị ọrụ steeti toro mmepe ahụ, na-ekwu maka ike ya ịkwalite akụrụngwa ahụike, ịmepụta ohere ọrụ, na imeziwanye ọdịmma zuru oke na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ikole Ekiti Agog As FG, EKSG Sign MOU Converting State Specialist Hospital To Federal Medical Centre – Ekiti State Government Website|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/28922|accessdate=2025-03-26|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] atn32ef4yobm7c1hk42pjr7tkphhzfe 0 76766 655941 2026-06-16T23:18:15Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345600349|Federal Medical Centre, Hong]]" 655941 wikitext text/x-wiki Federal Medical Center, Hong bụ ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ọha dị na Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Onye isi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Prof. Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Federal Medical Center Hong|url=https://fmchong.gov.ng/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=fmchong.gov.ng}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Yola|first=Onimisi Alao|date=2024-12-11|title=The making of Adamawa's two FMCs|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Anyanwu23">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-08-17|title=FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhari bịanyere aka na ntọala Federal Medical Centre, Hong. Mmalite nke ụlọ ọgwụ a bụ nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ FMC dị ugbu a, na-enye ohere maka ohere ka mma maka nlekọta ahụike na steeti ahụ. O bidoro ọrụ nlekọta ahụike n'otu oge ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ..<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Federal Medical Center Hong|url=https://fmchong.gov.ng/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=fmchong.gov.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fmchong.gov.ng/ "Federal Medical Center Hong"]. ''fmchong.gov.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Yola|first=Onimisi Alao|date=2024-12-11|title=The making of Adamawa's two FMCs|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYola2024">Yola, Onimisi Alao (2024-12-11). [https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/ "The making of Adamawa's two FMCs"]. ''[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hammangabdo|first=Hussaini|date=2022-12-07|title=New FMC Hong Begins Clinical Services|url=https://leadership.ng/new-fmc-hong-begins-clinical-services/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=TGNews|date=2022-12-05|title=FMC HONG: THE STRUGGLES, APPREHENSIONS, CONCERNS AND RELIEF - TG News|url=https://tgnews.com.ng/fmc-hong-the-struggles-apprehensions-concerns-and-relief/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US}}</ref> == Onye isi ahụike == '''Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce''' bụ prọfesọ na akwara ozi nke Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ. A kwadoro nhọpụta ya site na Ọgọst 2023, n'okpuru ọchịchị Onyeisiala Bola Tinubu. <ref name="Anyanwu23">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-08-17|title=FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnyanwu2023">Anyanwu, Samuel (2023-08-17). [https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/ "FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria"]. ''Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-08-19|title=FG appoints 11 CMDs for health institutions - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/fg-appoints-11-cmds-for-health-institutions/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ihejirika|first=Patience Ivie|date=2023-08-18|title=FG Appoints 11 New Directors Of Federal Hospitals|url=https://leadership.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-directors-of-federal-hospitals/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Erezi|first=Dennis|date=2023-08-18|title=FG appoints new CMDs for 11 federal medical centres|url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-appoints-new-cmds-for-11-federal-medical-centres/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 656l7mftd35yojthejv296ggrb8v6cw 655942 655941 2026-06-16T23:20:07Z Chinemeremprince 13026 655942 wikitext text/x-wiki Federal Medical Center, Hong bụ ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ọha dị na Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Onye isi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Prof. Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Anyanwu23" / == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhari bịanyere aka na ntọala Federal Medical Centre, Hong. Mmalite nke ụlọ ọgwụ a bụ nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ FMC dị ugbu a, na-enye ohere maka ohere ka mma maka nlekọta ahụike na steeti ahụ. O bidoro ọrụ nlekọta ahụike n'otu oge ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ..<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Federal Medical Center Hong|url=https://fmchong.gov.ng/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=fmchong.gov.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fmchong.gov.ng/ "Federal Medical Center Hong"]. ''fmchong.gov.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Yola|first=Onimisi Alao|date=2024-12-11|title=The making of Adamawa's two FMCs|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYola2024">Yola, Onimisi Alao (2024-12-11). [https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/ "The making of Adamawa's two FMCs"]. ''[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hammangabdo|first=Hussaini|date=2022-12-07|title=New FMC Hong Begins Clinical Services|url=https://leadership.ng/new-fmc-hong-begins-clinical-services/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=TGNews|date=2022-12-05|title=FMC HONG: THE STRUGGLES, APPREHENSIONS, CONCERNS AND RELIEF - TG News|url=https://tgnews.com.ng/fmc-hong-the-struggles-apprehensions-concerns-and-relief/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US}}</ref> == Onye isi ahụike == '''Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce''' bụ prọfesọ na akwara ozi nke Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ. A kwadoro nhọpụta ya site na Ọgọst 2023, n'okpuru ọchịchị Onyeisiala Bola Tinubu. <ref name="Anyanwu23">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-08-17|title=FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnyanwu2023">Anyanwu, Samuel (2023-08-17). [https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/ "FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria"]. ''Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-08-19|title=FG appoints 11 CMDs for health institutions - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/fg-appoints-11-cmds-for-health-institutions/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ihejirika|first=Patience Ivie|date=2023-08-18|title=FG Appoints 11 New Directors Of Federal Hospitals|url=https://leadership.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-directors-of-federal-hospitals/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Erezi|first=Dennis|date=2023-08-18|title=FG appoints new CMDs for 11 federal medical centres|url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-appoints-new-cmds-for-11-federal-medical-centres/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ls7x69u4erx2l6ope8uf7olx2cwhldm 655943 655942 2026-06-16T23:22:12Z Chinemeremprince 13026 655943 wikitext text/x-wiki Federal Medical Center, Hong bụ ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ọha dị na Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Onye isi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Prof. Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhari bịanyere aka na ntọala Federal Medical Centre, Hong. Mmalite nke ụlọ ọgwụ a bụ nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ FMC dị ugbu a, na-enye ohere maka ohere ka mma maka nlekọta ahụike na steeti ahụ. O bidoro ọrụ nlekọta ahụike n'otu oge ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ..<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Federal Medical Center Hong|url=https://fmchong.gov.ng/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=fmchong.gov.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fmchong.gov.ng/ "Federal Medical Center Hong"]. ''fmchong.gov.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Yola|first=Onimisi Alao|date=2024-12-11|title=The making of Adamawa's two FMCs|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYola2024">Yola, Onimisi Alao (2024-12-11). [https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/ "The making of Adamawa's two FMCs"]. ''[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hammangabdo|first=Hussaini|date=2022-12-07|title=New FMC Hong Begins Clinical Services|url=https://leadership.ng/new-fmc-hong-begins-clinical-services/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=TGNews|date=2022-12-05|title=FMC HONG: THE STRUGGLES, APPREHENSIONS, CONCERNS AND RELIEF - TG News|url=https://tgnews.com.ng/fmc-hong-the-struggles-apprehensions-concerns-and-relief/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US}}</ref> == Onye isi ahụike == '''Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce''' bụ prọfesọ na akwara ozi nke Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ. A kwadoro nhọpụta ya site na Ọgọst 2023, n'okpuru ọchịchị Onyeisiala Bola Tinubu. <ref name="Anyanwu23">{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2023-08-17|title=FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnyanwu2023">Anyanwu, Samuel (2023-08-17). [https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/ "FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria"]. ''Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-08-19|title=FG appoints 11 CMDs for health institutions - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/fg-appoints-11-cmds-for-health-institutions/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ihejirika|first=Patience Ivie|date=2023-08-18|title=FG Appoints 11 New Directors Of Federal Hospitals|url=https://leadership.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-directors-of-federal-hospitals/|accessdate=2025-03-31|language=en-US|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Erezi|first=Dennis|date=2023-08-18|title=FG appoints new CMDs for 11 federal medical centres|url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-appoints-new-cmds-for-11-federal-medical-centres/|accessdate=2025-03-31|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cz839hyudactci49pvoefgdf6fi3ehj 0 76767 655944 2026-06-16T23:23:37Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346386171|Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital]]" 655944 wikitext text/x-wiki Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara iri nke Ghana dị na Western Region . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Quaye|first=Samuel|title=Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital gets eight-bed intensive care unit|url=https://www.gna.org.gh/1.18686790|work=www.gna.org.gh|publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]]|accessdate=21 January 2022|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke abụọ nke na-enwetakwa ozi site na Western corridor nke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The patient should have been referred to Effia Nkwanta not Korle Bu - Dr. Siameh - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/the-patient-should-have-been-referred-to-effia-nkwanta-not-korle-bu-dr-siameh/|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=21 January 2022|date=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="aboutrnrh">{{Cite web|title=About ENRH|url=https://www.enrh.org.gh/about-enrh|work=Western Regional Hospital - Effia Nkwanta|publisher=ENRH|accessdate=21 January 2022}}</ref> Gọọmentị Gold Coast guzobere ya na 1938 dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://www.enrh.org.gh/about-enrh/history|work=Western Regional Hospital - Effia Nkwanta|accessdate=21 January 2022}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, nke a maara maka ọrụ ya magburu onwe ya na ngalaba dị iche iche, dị na Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis ma na-enye udo, ebe ọgwụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Anani|first=Kerzia|date=2024-07-12|title=Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital|url=https://aftradvillage.com/destinations/effia-nkwanta-regional-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Aftrad Village|language=en-US}}</ref> Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, Onyeisiala mba Ghana ekpugheela ihe oyiyi ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọọgwụ Effia Nkwanta dị na Sekondi dịka akụkụ nke njem "daalụ" otu ụbọchị ya na Mpaghara Ọdịda Anyanwụ. Minista Mpaghara Ọdịda Anyanwụ, Kwabena Okyere Darko Mensah kwupụtara na e wuru ihe oyiyi ahụ iji sọpụrụ Onyeisiala maka atụmatụ dị iche iche o mere.v.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-06|title=Sekondi: Akufo-Addo unveils statue of himself at Effia-Nkwanta Hospital|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/11/sekondi-akufo-addo-unveils-statue-of-himself-at-effia-nkwanta-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-07|title=Akufo-Addo statue: Uproar after Ghana's president unveils monument in his honour|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj6k14ryygyo.amp#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17316822634317&referrer=https://www.google.com|accessdate=2024-11-15|work=BBC News|language=en-gb}}</ref> N'akụkụ onye isi ala, o kwuru na o mezuru pasent 80 nke nkwa ndị e kwere ndị Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-06|title=Sekondi: Akufo-Addo unveils statue of himself at Effia-Nkwanta Hospital|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/11/sekondi-akufo-addo-unveils-statue-of-himself-at-effia-nkwanta-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere ya na 1938, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ etoola ghọọ onye isi na-ahụ maka ahụike na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Anani|first=Kerzia|date=2024-07-12|title=Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital|url=https://aftradvillage.com/destinations/effia-nkwanta-regional-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Aftrad Village|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebe == Ọ dị na Takoradi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Driving directions and traffic reports by Waze|url=https://www.waze.com/error_500|accessdate=2024-11-09|work=www.waze.com|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8w83zsr43cxzfamfuxscab36kaqxnij 0 76768 655945 2026-06-16T23:26:55Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354400702|Federal Medical Centre, Azare]]" 655945 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Federal Medical Center (FMC) Azare |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Federal_Medical_Centre_Azare_Entry_Gate.jpg|250x250px]]<div class="infobox-caption">Federal Medical Center, Azare, ọnụ ụzọ mbata</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Federal Medical Centre, Azare","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q111356493"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Federal Medical Centre, Azare"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q111356493"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[10.1991,11.6744],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Federal Medical Centre, Azare","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Azare, Katagum, Bauchi State|Azare, Katagum, Bauchi Steeti]], Nigeria, Nigeria |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Federal_Medical_Centre,_Azare&params=11.6744_N_10.1991_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°40′28′′N</span> <span class="longitude">10°11′57′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.6744°N 10.1991°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.6744; 10.1991</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Federal_Medical_Centre,_Azare&params=11.6744_N_10.1991_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°40′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°11′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.6744°N 10.1991°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">11.6744; 10.1991</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ndị mmadụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |N'ozuzu, iru, nyocha |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |2001 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://fmcazare.gov.ng fmcazare.gov.ng]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa |} Federal Medical Center, Azare, bụ ebe a na-ahụ maka ahụike nke Gọọmentị etiti Naịjirịa nwere. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ụzọ Amb. Ahmed Abdullah na Azare, Katagum, Steeti Bauchi, Naịjirịa. E meghere ebe a ka ọ malite ọrụ na 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Index of /|url=http://fmcazare.gov.ng/|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=fmcazare.gov.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://independent.ng/katagum-emir-faruk-ii-commends-fmc-azare/|title=Katagum Emir, Faruk II Commends FMC Azare|date=2 August 2021|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ ahụike gọọmentị etiti. O mere emume ncheta afọ 20 ya na Machị 17, 2022. == Ikike ikike == Federal Medical Center nwetara ikike site na WACS na NOUN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medpages.info/sf/index.php?page=organisation&orgcode=1798061|title=Federal Medical Centre (Azare) - Radiology Dept • Hospital Depts - Radiology • Azare, Azare}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6e4lt2t3flcig6ta4hspaw75m6qv2yu 0 76769 655946 2026-06-16T23:59:42Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344925438|General Hospital Damagum]]" 655946 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |General Hospital Damagum |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:General_Hospital_Damagum_Gate.jpg|200x200px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"General Hospital Damagum","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q136833695"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"General Hospital Damagum"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q136833695"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[11.3345,11.6774],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"General Hospital Damagum","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |Damagum, South, Yobe State, Nigeria |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emeghe | class="infobox-data" |1993 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |[[List of hospitals in Nigeria|Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa]] |} Damagum General Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha, nke dị na Damagum, Mpaghara Ọchịchị Fune, Steeti Yobe, Naịjirịa. E guzobere ya na 1993, ma na-arụ ọrụ awa iri abụọ na anọ.. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Damagum General Hospital Damagum-A, Fune|url=https://thehospitalbook.com/damagum-general-hospital/|accessdate=2025-11-18|work=Thehospitalbook}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-09-28|title=Yobe establishes four specialist, eight general hospitals –Official|url=https://healthwise.punchng.com/yobe-establishes-four-specialists-eight-general-hospitals-official/|accessdate=2025-11-18|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-09-19|title=Gaidam Commissions New Equipment At Damagum Hospital|url=https://dailytrust.com/gaidam-commissions-new-equipment-at-damagum-hospital/|accessdate=2025-11-18|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Abisoye|first=Adeyiga|date=2015-09-19|title=Governor Gaidam Inspects Upgraded Damagum Hospital|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/19/governor-gaidam-inspects-upgraded-damagum-hospital/|accessdate=2025-11-18|work=Channels Television|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Usman|first=Shehu|date=2025-04-07|title=Six killed, nine injured in Yobe road crash|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/04/07/six-killed-nine-injured-in-yobe-road-crash/|accessdate=2025-11-18|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nkọwa == Ụlọ Ọgwụ Damagum General nwetara ikikere site na Federal Ministry of Health na koodu ụlọ ọrụ 35/14/1/2/1/0001 ma debanye aha dị ka Ụlọ Nlekọta Ahụike nke Abụọ. == Ngalaba == * Ngalaba Ihe Ọghọm na Mberede * Ngalaba Na-amụ N'Ụlọ Ọrụ * Ngalaba Ndị Ọrịa General Out * Ante Natal Care (A.N.C) * Ogige Ụmụ nwanyị * Ogige nwoke == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hetyz75njcvalbp4b3o5glmcm96tiw8 0 76770 655947 2026-06-17T00:01:47Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330208651|Gargaar Multispeciality Hospital]]" 655947 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gargaar Multi-speciality |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Gargaar_Multispeciality_Hospital_logo.gif|250x250px]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Hargeisa]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed|Marodi-Jeeh]], [[Somaliland]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Hospital#Types|Ụdị]] | class="infobox-data category" |Nkeonwe |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Emergency department|Ngalaba mberede]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |2009; Afọ 17 gara aga <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2009</span>)&nbsp;</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://gargaarhospital.net gargaarhospital.net]</span> |} E hiwere '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gargaar Multi-speciality''' na 2009. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche, nke dị na Hargeisa, Somaliland'''.''' na 2009. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ onwe onye nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ pụrụ iche, nke dị na Hargeisa, [[Somaliland]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gargaarhospital.net/aboutus.html|title=About Gargaar Multi-speciality Hospital|accessdate=28 January 2020}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Hargeisa Group * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ịmụ Nwa nke Edna Adan * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Hargeisa nke Canada == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p0x5a6f599ruxh4navbwlw9xiibe859 0 76771 655948 2026-06-17T00:03:56Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358084376|Ganta United Methodist Hospital]]" 655948 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Metọdist nke Ganta United |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[United Methodist Church|Chọọchị United Methodist]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q5521512"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q5521512"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-8.965,7.237777777777778],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Ganta]], Nimba County, [[Liberia]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganta_United_Methodist_Hospital&params=7_14_16_N_8_57_54_W_type:landmark_region:GN_dim:600 <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°14′16′′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°57′54′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.23778°N 8.96500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.23778; -8.96500</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganta_United_Methodist_Hospital&params=7_14_16_N_8_57_54_W_type:landmark_region:GN_dim:600 <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°14′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°57′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.23778°N 8.96500°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">7.23778; -8.96500</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1926 |} Ganta United Methodist Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Ganta, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Liberia]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-ejere ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka 450,000 ozi na Liberia na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ bụ Dr. George Way Harley na nwunye ya Winifred guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1926. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376 "Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ mechiri mgbe nnukwu mmebi site na mpụ na mwakpo rọket n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2003, mana meghere ya ọzọ na Machị 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-03-12|title=Help Revive Health Services at Ganta Hospital in Liberia|url=http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=General Board of Global Ministry|archivedate=2005-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312003607/http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/}}</ref> == Ikike == Na afọ 2005, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ndị dọkịta abụọ, dọkịta anya, na dọkịta izugbe bụ́ ndị na-awa ahụ. Ọrụ ndị ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nyere gụnyere ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-anaghị aga ebe ọzọ, ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka, na ọrụ ụlọ nyocha. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ Anya Project ya na ndị otu ndị na-aga ebe ahụ nwere jeep iji kpọta ndị ọrịa maka ịwa ahụ dịka iwepụ cataract.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Service Delivery Statistics – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=2|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa [[Ekpenta]] na [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]], ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ọrụ aka, na ugbo ngosi. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Liberia == Edensibịa == <references /> [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9ptz4px86y7psh81fizqqxscenf2aap 655949 655948 2026-06-17T00:04:42Z Chinemeremprince 13026 655949 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Metọdist nke Ganta United |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[United Methodist Church|Chọọchị United Methodist]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q5521512"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q5521512"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-8.965,7.237777777777778],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Ganta]], Nimba County, [[Liberia]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganta_United_Methodist_Hospital&params=7_14_16_N_8_57_54_W_type:landmark_region:GN_dim:600 <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°14′16′′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°57′54′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.23778°N 8.96500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.23778; -8.96500</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganta_United_Methodist_Hospital&params=7_14_16_N_8_57_54_W_type:landmark_region:GN_dim:600 <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°14′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°57′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.23778°N 8.96500°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">7.23778; -8.96500</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1926 |} Ganta United Methodist Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Ganta, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Liberia]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-ejere ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka 450,000 ozi na Liberia na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu.<ref name=":0" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ bụ Dr. George Way Harley na nwunye ya Winifred guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1926. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376 "Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ mechiri mgbe nnukwu mmebi site na mpụ na mwakpo rọket n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2003, mana meghere ya ọzọ na Machị 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-03-12|title=Help Revive Health Services at Ganta Hospital in Liberia|url=http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=General Board of Global Ministry|archivedate=2005-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312003607/http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/}}</ref> == Ikike == Na afọ 2005, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ndị dọkịta abụọ, dọkịta anya, na dọkịta izugbe bụ́ ndị na-awa ahụ. Ọrụ ndị ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nyere gụnyere ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-anaghị aga ebe ọzọ, ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka, na ọrụ ụlọ nyocha. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ Anya Project ya na ndị otu ndị na-aga ebe ahụ nwere jeep iji kpọta ndị ọrịa maka ịwa ahụ dịka iwepụ cataract.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Service Delivery Statistics – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=2|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa [[Ekpenta]] na [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]], ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ọrụ aka, na ugbo ngosi. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Liberia == Edensibịa == <references /> [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] klg48jccf3hmqc8x26umjrr644ui7av 0 76772 655963 2026-06-17T05:52:17Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347724213|Darren Kimura]]" 655963 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Darren T. Kimura''' (amụrụ na Septemba 10, 1974, Hilo, Hawaii) bụ onye ọchụnta ego America, onye na-emepụta ihe, na onye na-etinye ego. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye mepụtara teknụzụ micro concentrated solar power (CSP) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Niche Markets for micro-CSP Page|url=http://social.csptoday.com/emerging-markets/niche-markets-micro-csp|accessdate=2013-10-02}}</ref> nke a maara dị ka MicroCSP.<ref>{{Cite news|title=MicroCSP - Concentrating Solar Power|url=http://www.altenergymag.com/emagazine/2011/10/microcsp-concentrated-solar-power/1804}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=United States Patent and Trademark Office Trademark MicroCSP|url=http://trade.mar.cx/US77241333/|accessdate=2013-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041036/http://trade.mar.cx/us77241333|archivedate=2016-03-06}}</ref> == Ndụ == A mụrụ Kimura n'aka ndị nne na Ndị Japan America na Hilo, Hawaii ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Waiakea High School . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Darren T. Kimura Class of 1992|url=http://waiakeahigh.k12.hi.us/library/NaMea%20Pages/Darren%20Kimura.htm|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232448/http://waiakeahigh.k12.hi.us/library/NaMea%20Pages/Darren%20Kimura.htm}}</ref> O nwetara ọkwa nke Eagle Scout dị ka onye otu na Boy Scouts of America. Ọ gụrụ Computer Science na Business Management na Mahadum nke Hawai'i na Mānoa . O mechara gaa Mahadum Portland State, na-amụ injinia eletrik na Mahadum Stanford na-amụ sayensị kọmputa ma bụrụ Alumni si na Stanford Graduate School of Business . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stanford GSB Alumni Directory|url=https://alumni-gsb.stanford.edu/get/page/directory/profile/?qwe=6ACB13BAAA39F1D52AD9D87CA9469E95&returnto=results}}</ref> N'oge ọrịa na-efe efe nke afọ 2009, ''Newsweek'' kpuchiri ihe ịma aka Darren n'ịchọta Tamiflu n'ihi nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Newsweek: Why individual stockpiling of anti-flu medication is a bad idea|url=http://mag.newsweek.com/2009/04/30/healthy-hoarders.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Kimura began his career as an entrepreneur bringing the sport of paintball to Hawaii while still in high school. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> When attending the University of Hawaii at Manoa he worked in the Information and Computer Sciences department, where he launched Nalu Communications, an internet service provider.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saipan Tribune Roundtable|url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=60624&cat=1|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221545/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=60624&cat=1|archivedate=2013-10-04}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, o kere ma gbasaa Energy Industries Corporation. Site na nkwado nke Energy Industries o kere Energy Laboratories,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Laboratories|work=Energy Industries Corporation|date=21 May 2013|url=http://www.energylaboratories.com/?page_id=2}}</ref> as an incubator for start-up companies, and Enerdigm Ventures,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enerdigm Ventures|url=http://enerdigm.com/wp/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014732/http://enerdigm.com/wp/|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> a venture capital firm to seed and support early to growth stage companies. MicroCSP Technology and Sopogy, Inc. began as a spin-off of at Energy Laboratories and was initially funded by Kimura and Enerdigm Ventures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy closes Series E funding|date=27 November 2012|url=http://www.altassets.net/private-equity-news/by-news-type/deal-news/us-solar-developer-sopogy-closes-series-e-funding-round.html}}</ref> Kimura and Enerdigm Ventures invested in the creation of [[LiveAction]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2014/02/11/darren-kimura-named-ceo-of-live-action.html|title=Darren Kimura named CEO of Live Action - Pacific Business News|work=bizjournals.com|accessdate=2018-08-01}}</ref> Kimura na Enerdigm Ventures tinyere ego n'ichepụta Spin Technology a Data ndabere ngwaahịa maka Google Workspace or Microsoft 365,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://codingsocieties.com/spin-technology-names-darren-t-kimura-as-executive-chairman/|title=Spin Technology Names Darren T. Kimura as Executive Chairman|author=Kimura|first=Darren|date=2020-01-10|work=News Break|accessdate=}}</ref> and Kimura joined Open Source technology provider [[ZEDEDA]] as its president and Chief Operating Officer. After spending 4 years at the company and completing its Series B<ref>{{Cite news|title=ZededaE Closes $26M Series B Funding Round as Distributed Edge Market Soars|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220721005120/en/ZEDEDA-Closes-%2426M-Series-B-Funding-Round-as-Distributed-Edge-Market-Soars}}</ref> and $72 Million Series C,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Secures $72M in Growth Capital to Meet the Skyrocketing Demand for Edge AI and Computing|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240207876324/en/ZEDEDA-Secures-%2472M-in-Growth-Capital-to-Meet-the-Skyrocketing-Demand-for-Edge-AI-and-Computing}}</ref> Kimura joined AI Squared as its CEO. Ọ duziri imepụta na iwu nke ọrụ MicroCSP mbụ n'ụwa, nke a na-akpọ Holaniku na Keahole Point . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy inaugurates the World's first MicroCSP solar thermal plant using Sopogy's products|url=http://sopogy.com/blog/2009/12/10/sopogy-inaugurates-the-world%E2%80%99s-first-microcsp%E2%84%A2-solar-thermal-plant/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004234444/http://sopogy.com/blog/2009/12/10/sopogy-inaugurates-the-world%E2%80%99s-first-microcsp%E2%84%A2-solar-thermal-plant/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy introduces new solar technology at NELHA|date=11 December 2009|url=http://www.hawaii247.com/2009/12/11/sopogy-introduces-new-solar-technology-at-nelha/}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na State of Hawaii Venture Capital fund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HSDC Annual Report|url=http://lrbhawaii.info/reports/legrpts/dbedt/hsdc/211f_15hrs_11.pdf}}</ref> Ihe ọ rụzuru n'azụmahịa emeela ka e gosipụta ya n'ihu ''MidWeek'', na ihu Pacific Edge, na Entrepreneur, na akwụkwọ 2007 The Greater Good: Life Lessons from Hawaii's Leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Midweek: The future's so bright|url=http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/midweek_coverstory/Darren_Kimura_Energy_Conservation_and_Management_Hawaii_/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Pacific Edge: The Energy Within|url=http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/b9bdde2b#/b9bdde2b/1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Wilson|first=Sara|title=Entrepreneur Magazine: Riding the Green Wave|work=Entrepreneur|date=21 August 2008|url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/196570}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Greater Good: Crazy to Visionary|url=http://www.greatergoodbooks.com/The_Greater_Good-sneak_peek.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ọbịa na Al Gore na The Climate Reality Project na 24 Hours of Reality - The Dirty Weather Report . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The World's Oceans & Hawaii|url=http://climaterealityproject.org/24hours2012/live-broadcast/hour-06-the-worlds-oceans/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114114340/http://climaterealityproject.org/24hours2012/live-broadcast/hour-06-the-worlds-oceans/|archivedate=2012-11-14}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na nkwalite [[Ike na-adịgide adịgide|ike dị ọcha]] nke Ụlọ ọrụ eletrik Hawaiian, nke e gosipụtara n'oge APEC United States 2011 ma bụrụ onye edemede na blọọgụ Cisco na MedCity News.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaiian Electric Green Energy|work=[[YouTube]]|date=July 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCGM5y07TNU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kimura|first=Darren|title=Author|url=https://blogs.cisco.com/author/darrenkimura|work=Cisco.com|publisher=Cisco}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Future of AI in Healthcare Demands Transparency, Trust, and Human-Centered Design|date=23 May 2025|url=https://medcitynews.com/2025/05/the-future-of-ai-in-healthcare-demands-transparency-trust-and-human-centered-design/}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya maka echiche ya banyere isi ego na ọgụgụ isi aka na Silicon Valley Bank State of Enterprise Software Report na The Wall Street Journal na isiokwu gụnyere Immigration na AI Policy, na Newsweek na AI dị ka eji na kọleji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State of Enterprise Software 2025|url=https://www.svb.com/trends-insights/reports/state-of-enterprise-software/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=www.svb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Carlton|first=Jim|date=May 25, 2025|title=Immigration Is the Only Thing Propping Up California's Population|url=https://www.wsj.com/business/california-population-growth-immigration-h-1b-visa-4b526478}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Loten|first=Angus|date=July 9, 2025|title=After Setback, Tech Firms Renew Push for Federal AI Regulation|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-setback-tech-firms-renew-push-for-federal-ai-regulation-cc2b26d5?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Blake|first=Suzanne|date=Jul 31, 2025|title=Half of Students Say AI Is Most Important Skill They'll Learn in College|work=[[Newsweek]]|url=https://www.newsweek.com/half-students-say-ai-most-important-skill-theyll-learn-college-2107250}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Kimura malitere mkpọsa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Facebook Daniel K. Inouye Honolulu International Airport Facebook Page|work=[[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/472213349509067}}</ref> iji gbanwee aha Honolulu International Airport ka ọ bụrụ Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, iji sọpụrụ onye omeiwu [[Hawaii]] nwụrụ anwụ Daniel Inouye nke e nwetara na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=KHON 2 Honolulu airport renamed after late Sen. Daniel Inouye|work=KHON2|date=29 April 2017|url=https://www.khon2.com/local-news/honolulu-airport-renamed-after-late-sen-daniel-inouye/}}</ref> === Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-emepụta Ike === Kimura malitere Energy Conservation Hawaii na 1994, <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Future's So Bright…|url=http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/midweek_coverstory/Darren_Kimura_Energy_Conservation_and_Management_Hawaii_/}}</ref> site n'azụ SUV ya, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Success built on CEO's work ethic|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Nov/08/bz/FP611080319.html}}</ref> na-eji bọọdụ ya dị ka tebụl ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=From surfer to renewable energy entrepreneur|url=http://www.bizgym.com/2009/08/green-success-story-daren-kimura-trades-in-his-surfboard-for-a-thriving-renewable-energy-business/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230014/http://www.bizgym.com/2009/08/green-success-story-daren-kimura-trades-in-his-surfboard-for-a-thriving-renewable-energy-business/}}</ref> N'ime afọ ole na ole, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruru $ 50 nde na ego ha nwetara wee malite mgbasawanye mba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Success build on CEO's work ethic|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Nov/08/bz/FP611080319.html}}</ref> Kimura gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Energy Industries Corporation ịrịọ maka ahịa obodo ya, ma ọ ka bụ onye nwe oke. Echiche dị n'okpuru maka ịmepụta Energy Industries Corporation bụ iji nyere aka mee ka arụmọrụ ike dị mfe. N'ọrụ ya na Energy Industries Corporation, Kimura nyere Energy Star na ebe ndị dị ka Hawaii, Palau, Guam na Saipan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaii Business: Energy Savers|url=http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii-Business/May-2001/Light-Savers/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014137/http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii-Business/May-2001/Light-Savers/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Star in Palau|url=http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/27/energy-star-in-palau/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232158/http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/27/energy-star-in-palau/|archivedate=2013-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Star in Guam|url=http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/25/energy-star-in-guam/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000751/http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/25/energy-star-in-guam/|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Division sponsors energy-saving workshop|url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=60711|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004258/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=60711|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e gosipụtara ụlọ ọrụ Energy Industries Corporation na akụkọ The Wall Street Journal "Alternative State", banyere ọrụ ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke e mepụtara na Hawaii. <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Wall Street Journal Alternative State|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121432274606000209|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> === MicroCSP === Emepụtara echiche maka teknụzụ MicroCSP mgbe Kimura nwara ịwụnye ebe nchekwa ike anyanwụ na Kona, Hawaii. N'ịghọta na ọ bụ enweghị akụ na ụba na ọ bụghị ihe bara uru iji ụgbọ mmiri, wụnye ma rụọ ọrụ nnukwu ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka Hawaii, Kimura na-arụ ọrụ n'ibelata akụkụ nke onye na-anakọta anyanwụ bụ nke mere ka ọ gbanwee nkà na ụzụ na itinye ihe eji eme ihe. MicroCSP na-eji maka obodo-sized ike osisi (1 MW ka 50 MW), maka ulo oru, ugbo na n'ichepụta 'usoro okpomọkụ' ngwa, na mgbe nnukwu ego nke mmiri ọkụ dị mkpa, dị ka ebe igwu mmiri ọdọ mmiri, mmiri ogige, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-asa ákwà, sterilization, distillation na ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ ojiji. MIT mụọkwara iji teknụzụ MicroCSP n'ọgbọ ike na-eji Organic Rankine Cycle. Kimura trademarked the term MicroCSP and later released the term for use in the public domain to help accelerate MicroCSP adoption. His [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|US]] Patent on the idea (U.S. patent 20,080,127,967) served as the basis for other MicroCSP inventions. Companies producing MicroCSP technologies include GlassPoint Solar Abengoa Solar Aora Sun2Power Chromasun SolarLite NEP Solar Novatec Solar Industrial Solar Focal Point Energy SunTrough Focused Sun Heat 2 Power and Nanogen and Tamuz Energy. === Akụkọ ifo === Ụlọ ọrụ Solar Power Technology ma ọ bụ "Sopogy", bụ onye na-eweta teknụzụ okpomọkụ anyanwụ, e hiwere ya na 2002 na Honolulu, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị ọcha nke dị na Hawaii nke a maara dị ka Energy Laboratories . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy Website|url=http://sopogy.com/company/}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere nyocha ya na itinye uche na ike okpomọkụ nke anyanwụ iji mepụta uzuoku anyanwụ na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ maka absorption chillers ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ usoro mmepụta ihe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emepụtala ngwa ndị na-ejikọta ndị na-anakọta anyanwụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na nsị. Kimura kere aha ụlọ ọrụ site na iwere akụkụ nke isi okwu gụnyere "SO" sitere na Solar, "PO" site na "Ike", na "GY" site na "Energy and Technology".<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Sopogy|url=http://sopogy.com/about/index.php?id=16#3|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108211657/http://sopogy.com/about/index.php?id=16#3|archivedate=2017-01-08}}</ref> Ndị otu OEM na ndị na-ere ahịa IPP dị na Honolulu tinyere nyocha na mmepe ya, na 2006 ọ gbasaa mmepụta ya, C&amp;amp;I, na ndị na'ere mmanụ na gas na ụlọ ọrụ Silicon Valley. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sopogy returns to Manoa Innovation Center|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/blog/2013/06/sopogy-inc-returns-to-original-office.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaii tech firms move offices and expand facilities to Mainland|url=http://sopogy.com/blog/2007/12/28/hawaii-tech-firms-move-offices-and-expand-facilities-to-mainland/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022545/http://sopogy.com/blog/2007/12/28/hawaii-tech-firms-move-offices-and-expand-facilities-to-mainland/}}</ref> Sopogy etinyela 200 megawatts na China, na 360 megawatts Na Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy announced the installation of 200 megawatts of CSP in China|url=http://www.helioscsp.com/noticia.php?id_not=269|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005043903/http://www.helioscsp.com/noticia.php?id_not=269|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy Lands 200MW China Project for Thermal Storage|url=http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2010/12/sopogy-lands-200mw-china-project-for-thermal-energy-storage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy signs agreement on Thai solar project|url=http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/19449/sopogy-signs-agreement-on-thai-solar-project/}}</ref> Kimura na Sopogy, tinyere First Solar, gosipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Whole Foods Market Thrive. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Whole Foods features Sopogy and First Solar|work=[[YouTube]]|date=25 July 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDNavtgu9yc}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, e nyere Sopogy ihe nrite APEC Business Innovation Award, ma gosipụta ya n'ihu akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Los Angeles Times''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy is APEC Honolulu technology showcase winner|url=http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/blog/2011/november/apec-business-spotlight-sopogy-apec-honolulu-technology-sho|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235416/http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/blog/2011/november/apec-business-spotlight-sopogy-apec-honolulu-technology-sho|archivedate=2013-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Darren Kimura, CEO of Sopogy, at the firm's solar facility on Hawaii's Big Island|url=http://www.latimes.com/lat-fi-green-haw_kw5gonc,0,2184478.photo#axzz2oPmanlY1|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Sopogy rụzuru usoro ego E họọrọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012 nke Mitsui &amp;amp; Co. na SunEdison, ụlọ ọrụ anyanwụ US, Sempra Energy, 3M, na ndị ọzọ duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy strengthens its financial status|date=30 August 2022|url=http://www.csp-world.com/news/20121203/00635/sopogy-strengthens-its-financial-status|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225161917/http://www.csp-world.com/news/20121203/00635/sopogy-strengthens-its-financial-status|archivedate=December 25, 2013}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mara ọkwa na Darren Kimura agbahapụla dị ka onyeisi oche, onye isi nchịkwa na onyeisi oche na March 2013, na SunEdison tinye otu n'ime ndị isi ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sopogy Names SunEdison Exec to top leadership role|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/article/2013-03-19/arQyXkwW7p_k.html|work=Bloomberg}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rụchara oge, Darren Kimura hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Mee 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darren Kimura Blog - What's next?|url=http://darrentkimura.com/2013/07/27/whats-next/|accessdate=2013-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023000825/http://darrentkimura.com/2013/07/27/whats-next/|archivedate=2013-10-23}}</ref> Hitachi Power Systems nwetara Sopogy na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MicroCSP still looking good in Sopogy's wake|url=http://social.csptoday.com/markets/micro-csp-still-looking-good-sopogy%E2%80%99s-wake|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520142539/http://social.csptoday.com/markets/micro-csp-still-looking-good-sopogy%E2%80%99s-wake|archivedate=May 20, 2014}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri Live === Enerdigm Ventures tinyere ego na ntọala nke LiveAction, Inc., ụlọ ọrụ njikwa netwọkụ ụlọ ọrụ nke bụbu ọrụ gọọmentị kwadoro na 2007 na Referentia Systems, Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ActionPacked Networks Rebrands and Launches as LiveAction|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/actionpacked_networks_rebrands_and_launches_as_liveaction/prweb11547284.htm}}</ref> and Kimura joined the company as chairman of the Board of Directors, Executive Chairman<ref>{{Cite web|title=LiveAction Leadership Team|url=http://actionpacked.com/company/team}}</ref> and later as chief executive officer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darren Kimura joins LiveAction as Chief Executive Officer|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2014/02/11/darren-kimura-named-ceo-of-live-action.html}}</ref> The company is best known for its NetFlow visualization capabilities  and quality of service monitoring and configuration capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cisco: Rule the World of Application QoS|url=http://blogs.cisco.com/enterprise/rule-the-world-of-application-qos-with-cisco-avc-and-actionpacked-networks/|date=2013-06-11}}</ref> Kimura led LiveAction to achieve a place on the Cisco Solutions Plus Program  and completed LiveAction's Series A financing that included participation by Enerdigm Ventures,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140904006444/en/LiveAction-Secures-5.35-Million-Series-Financing-AITV|title=LiveAction Secures $5.35 Million Series A Financing from AITV and Cisco Investments|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Sway Ventures,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=LiveAction Secures $5.35 Million Series A Financing from Sway Ventures and Cisco Investments|url=https://medium.com/@swayventures/liveaction-secures-5-35-b208c35b50d9|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> In-Q-Tel<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-27|title=LiveAction announces long-term behavioral analytics capabilities in its ThreatEye NV platform|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2022/05/27/liveaction-threateye-nv-platform/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=Help Net Security|language=en-US}}</ref> and Cisco Systems<ref>{{Cite web|title=LiveAction Secures $5.35 Million Series A Financing from AITV and Cisco Investments|work=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/09/04/liveaction-secures-5-35-million-series-a-financing-from-aitv-and-cisco-investments/|date=2014-09-04}}</ref> LiveAction expanded its capabilities in scale to achieve an industry leading 1 million flows per second  Under Kimura, LiveAction launched LiveAgent to extend visibility to the network end point<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/resources/solution-briefs/liveagent-solution-brief/|title=LiveAgent Solution Brief - The Endpoint Visibility Challenge|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> and LiveAction completed a $36 million Series B financing led by Insight Venture Partners, Cisco Systems and AITV in early 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160215005756/en/LiveAction-Secures-36-Million-Series-Financing-Insight|title=LiveAction Secures $36 Million Series B Financing from Insight Venture Partners, Accelerate-IT Ventures, and Cisco Investments {{!}} Business Wire|work=www.businesswire.com|accessdate=2016-03-01|date=2016-02-16}}</ref> In December 2017, Kimura led the acquisition of LivingObjects' Service Provider network monitoring platform<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/company/press-releases/liveaction-acquires-living-objects-network-monitoring-platform/|title=LiveAction Acquires LivingObjects' Network Monitoring Platform|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> and to the creation of the LiveSP business unit at LiveAction.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/company/press-releases/launch-livesp-network-monitoring-solution/|title=LiveAction Bolsters Commitment to Global Managed Network Services Market with Launch of LiveSP Network Monitoring Solution|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2018, Kimura led the acquisition of Savvius<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/company/press-releases/liveaction-acquires-leading-packet-capture-savvius/|title=LiveAction Acquires Leading Packet Capture Savvius, Inc.|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> formerly known as WildPackets<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://betanews.com/2015/04/16/wildpackets-becomes-savvius-and-switches-focus-to-security/|title=WildPackets becomes Savvius and switches focus to security|work=betanews.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-01|date=2015-04-16}}</ref> famous for their OmniPeek protocol analysis software. Kimura retired from LiveAction business operations in 2019. LiveAction was acquired by BlueCat Networks in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Devito|first=Stephen|date=2024-10-25|title=BlueCat acquires LiveAction to drive network modernization and optimization|url=https://bluecatnetworks.com/blog/bluecat-acquires-liveaction-to-drive-network-modernization-and-optimization/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=BlueCat Networks|language=en-US}}</ref> === Nkà na ụzụ Spin === N'afọ 2020, Enerdigm Ventures tinyere ego na Spin Technology, Inc., nke a maara dị ka SpinBackup ngwaahịa ndabere data maka G-Suite ma ọ bụ Office 365 na Kimura sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke ndị nduzi na onye isi oche. ebe o mepụtara SpinOne, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ngwaahịa a na-akpọkwa Spin.ai. Nkà na ụzụ ahụ na-enye nchebe data dabeere na API maka azụmaahịa dị oke egwu SaaS na gburugburu G Suite na Office 365, nyocha ihe ize ndụ nke ngwa na ndọtị maka G-Suite na Cyber Liability Insurance . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kimura|first=Darren|title=Cyber Liability Insurance|journal=Cyber Defense Magazine|date=September 2020|volume=September 2020|issue=September 2020|url=https://www.cyberdefensemagazine.com/e-magazines}}</ref> Spin.ai nwere ọkwa 4.9 n'ime 5 na ahịa G Suite. N'afọ 2022, Spin Technology mechiri ego ya nke Series A na Enerdigm Ventures na Kimura hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. === Zededa === N'afọ 2021, Kimura sonyeere Zededa, ihe ngwọta nhazi nke igwe ojii na-emeghe, nke a na-ekesa, dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Accelerates Growth with New Executive Hires, Opening of European Headquarters in Berlin|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210428005094/en/ZEDEDA-Accelerates-Growth-with-New-Executive-Hires-Opening-of-European-Headquarters-in-Berlin|accessdate=2025-01-10|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Zededa, Kimura dugara n'inweta $ 26 nde Series B na $ 72 nde Series C ego <ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Closes $26M Series B Funding Round as Distributed Edge Market Soars|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220721005120/en/ZEDEDA-Closes-26M-Series-B-Funding-Round-as-Distributed-Edge-Market-Soars|accessdate=2025-01-10|language=en}}</ref> na $ 400 nde post-money valuation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Secures $72M in Growth Capital to Meet the Skyrocketing Demand for Edge AI and Computing|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240207876324/en/ZEDEDA-Secures-72M-in-Growth-Capital-to-Meet-the-Skyrocketing-Demand-for-Edge-AI-and-Computing|accessdate=2025-01-10|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-07|title=Startup Zededa Raises $72 Million to Power AI Tools|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-07/startup-zededa-raises-72-million-to-power-ai-tools?embedded-checkout=true|accessdate=2025-01-10|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 4 nke ije ozi gasịrị, Kimura kwupụtara ọpụpụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Q4 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7246686477965795328/|title=Darren Kimura on LinkedIn: #edgecomputing #opensource #newbeginnings #thankyou #ai #edgecomputing… &#124; 51 comments}}</ref> === Margo === Mgbe ọ nọ na Zededa, Kimura jere ozi na kọmitii na-eduzi Margo, atụmatụ Linux Foundation maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na nsọtụ nke usoro mmepụta ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linux Foundation Launches Margo to Deliver Long-awaited Edge Interoperability|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-launches-margo-to-deliver-long-awaited-edge-interoperability|accessdate=2025-01-10|work=www.linuxfoundation.org|language=en}}</ref> === AI Square === N'afọ 2024, a mara ọkwa Kimura dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi ọrụ nke AI Squared, ụlọ ọrụ New Enterprise Associates kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite web|title=NEA Portfolio: AI Squared|url=https://www.nea.com/portfolio/ai-squared|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=www.nea.com|language=en}}</ref> A kwalitere Kimura ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi oche na Onye isi nchịkwa na Machị 2025. Ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ na-eji eme ihe abụọ, AI Squared nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Nchebe US gụnyere onyinye na Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC), Nkwekọrịta Nkwekọ Mmepe na Nnyocha (CRADA) na National Security Agency (NSA), na National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), na nkwekọrịta na Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab.<ref name="bh">{{Cite web|author=Harvey|first=Benjamin|date=2022-06-27|title=AI Squared raises $6M to help companies integrate AI into existing applications — Question &...|url=https://medium.com/@benjamin.harvey/ai-squared-raises-6m-to-help-companies-integrate-ai-into-existing-applications-question-2a58e0cf3a0c|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-29|title=AI Squared Raises $13.8M Series A To Improve Business Workflows With AI Insights|url=https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/ai-squared-raises-13-8m-series-a-to-improve-business-workflows-with-ai-insights/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=POCIT. Telling the stories and thoughts of the underrepresented in tech.|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-29|title=AI Squared Raises $13.8M Series A To Improve Business Workflows With AI Insights|url=https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/ai-squared-raises-13-8m-series-a-to-improve-business-workflows-with-ai-insights/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=POCIT. Telling the stories and thoughts of the underrepresented in tech.|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bh" /> == Onyinye == Kimura natara onyinye 2002 SBA Young Entrepreneur of the Year. <ref>{{Cite news|title=No small success Page|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/03/12/business/index2.html}}</ref> A na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka 2007 Green Entrepreneur, ma nata onyinye Blue Planet Foundation na 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Darren T. Kimura wins Green Entrepreneur of the Year Award|url=http://altenergymag.com/news_detail.php?pr_id=3246|accessdate=2013-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Darren T. Kimura receives Blue Planet Foundation Award|url=http://social.csptoday.com/technology/sopogy-ceo-receives-blue-planet-foundation-award}}</ref> Ọ nwetakwara onyinye Hawaii Venture Capital Association Deal of the Year na 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Entrepreneur, Deal of the Year awards announced|url=http://www.hawaiistar.com/2013/01/entrepreneur-deal-of-the-year-awards-announced/}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na 2010 Hawaii Business Magazine's "10 for Today", ya na onye na-egwu baseball Shane Victorino, na onye guzobere eBay, Pierre Omidyar, ma kpọọ ya aha na Pacific Business News's "10 to Watch in 2013", ya na onye mmepe egwuregwu vidio na onye na'ere egwuregwu Tetris Henk Rogers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hawaii Business Magazine: 10 For Today|url=http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii-Business/March-2010/10-For-Today/|accessdate=2013-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=10 to Watch: Hawaii business leaders face risks and rewards in 2013|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2013/01/04/10-to-watch-hawaii-business-leaders.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị na-abụghị uru == Kimura na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ obodo na ọrụ ebere na-elekwasị anya na Hawaii. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche na onye nduzi na Blue Planet Foundation, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Blue Planet Foundation Board of Directors|url=http://blueplanetfoundation.org/board-of-directors.html|date=2016-12-10|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004310/http://blueplanetfoundation.org/board-of-directors.html}}</ref> na osote onye nduzi ma onye nduzi dị na SEE-IT (Science Engineering Exposition of Innovative Technologies), <ref>{{Cite web|title=SEE-IT Foundation Board of Directors|url=http://see-it-hawaii.com/contact-us/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005657/http://see-it-hawaii.com/contact-us/|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> Ọ nọkwa na bọọdụ ndị nduzi na PBS Hawaii, <ref>{{Cite web|title=PBS Hawaii Board of Directors|url=http://www.pbshawaii.org/about/about_boardofdirectors.php|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005021921/http://www.pbshawaii.org/about/about_boardofdirectors.php|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> bụ onye ọchụnta ego bi na Punahou School, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Punahou Entrepreneur in Residence|url=http://www.punahou.edu/luke-center-for-public-service/entrepreneurs-in-residence/index.aspx|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000557/http://www.punahou.edu/luke-center-for-public-service/entrepreneurs-in-residence/index.aspx}}</ref> ọ nọ na bọọdụ nduzi na Enterprise Honolulu, Oahu Economic Development Board, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Enterprise Honolulu|url=http://www.enterprisehonolulu.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=5}}</ref> ma nọrọ na Dean's Council of University of Hawaii na Manoa's College of Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web|title=College of Engineering Dean's Council|url=http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/about/deans-council/|accessdate=2013-11-02|archivedate=2017-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417140346/http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/about/deans-council/}}</ref> Kimura na-akwado Hawaii Island Science Fair "Kimura Award for Innovations in Clean Energy " nke e nyere Felix Peng (2016) nke Waiakea High School, Ben Kubo (2017) nke Parker School, Cesar Rivera (2017) nke St Joseph School of Hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/hidsef/status/705275037398409216|title=Twitter Hawaii Science Fair|author=|first=|date=2016-03-02|work=|publisher=|accessdate=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hilo.hawaii.edu/affiliates/sigmaxi/documents/AwardsListing2016RESULTS.pdf|title=Hawaii Island Science Fair 2016|author=|first=|date=|work=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 2017, Kimura gbasaa ihe nrite Hawaii Island Science Fair iji tinye "Kimura Award for Innovations in Computer Science" nke e nyere Ara Uhr nke Hilo High School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://darrentkimura.com/1333-2/|title=Kimura Award Winners for IT and Clean Energy 2017 {{!}} Darren T. Kimura|work=darrentkimura.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-08-01|date=2017-02-19}}</ref> Kimura na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na Japan Innovation Campus nke dị na Silicon Valley, Palo Alto CA nke Ministri akụ na ụba, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Japan na-akwado dị ka atụmatụ nke atụmatụ mmalite afọ ise nke gọọmentị Japan <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Information: Japan's new appetite for risk lures venture capital|url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/japans-new-appetite-for-risk-lures-venture-investors-to-tokyo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JETRO Startup Development Five-year Plan|date=2025|url=https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/investment_environment/ijre/report2023/ch3/sec10.html}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị metụtara ike na-agbanwe agbanwe * Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ anyanwụ * [[SolarPACES|Ụzọ ndị na-esi eme ihe]] * Onye na-anakọta okpomọkụ anyanwụ * Intersolar == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hp7koyh4avtzx7jjntwst1bxb0yoq06 0 76773 655964 2026-06-17T06:41:01Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1241014447|Fäbodristning]]" 655964 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Febodristningar''''' ma ọ bụ '''''vallgångsristningar''''' bụ ihe a tụrụ n'elu osisi na ugwu nwere ederede, akara, Runes, ọnụ ọgụgụ, mkpụrụedemede na ihe ịrịba ama ndị ọzọ, nke a chọtara na [[Sweden]] n'ihe gbasara ịzụ anụmanụ na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na-aga n'ihu, nke ndị ntorobịa na-arụ ọrụ na ịzụ anụmanụ hapụrụ. == Mmalite ya == Na Dalarna, Sweden, a chọtawo narị ihe osise ole na ole, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na mpaghara Ore (na Rättvik Municipality) nke mpaghara ahụ. The carvings were made with a knife and often followed the same pattern of initials, year, and often information about them, importantly the first or last day of the ''fäbod'' (summer pasture) period. Ihe osise ndị ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'ebe ụfọdụ na ebe ụfọdụ dị ka ugwu na nso mmiri n'ihi na ha bụ ebe dị mma maka ịkpa anụ n'ebe ugwu Sweden. Otu n'ime ebe ndị a bụ Hästbergs klack n'ebe ugwu Ludvika. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahụ ntụleghachi nke oge ọzụzụ atụrụ dị ka "Ọdịmma" ma ọ bụ "Ọjọrọ". N'otu alaka osisi dị na Ore, Dalarna, ụmụ agbọghọ atọ ndị na-azụrụ anụ ha hapụrụ ihe osise na-asị "Anyị na-adị anyị mma dị ka hell" (Wi mår bra som fan). Ọ bụ omenala na ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe n'elu osisi, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-ese ya na nkume.<ref name="fakta" /> <ref name="visf" /> == Hụkwa == == Edensibịa == i17eo8v5lw2dxfyxv3ertr6k1xzzj36 655965 655964 2026-06-17T06:42:39Z Chigozirim2005 19722 655965 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Febodristningar''''' ma ọ bụ '''''vallgångsristningar''''' bụ ihe a tụrụ n'elu osisi na ugwu nwere ederede, akara, Runes, ọnụ ọgụgụ, mkpụrụedemede na ihe ịrịba ama ndị ọzọ, nke a chọtara na [[Sweden]] n'ihe gbasara ịzụ anụmanụ na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na-aga n'ihu, nke ndị ntorobịa na-arụ ọrụ na ịzụ anụmanụ hapụrụ. == Mmalite ya == Na Dalarna, Sweden, a chọtawo narị ihe osise ole na ole, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na mpaghara Ore (na Rättvik Municipality) nke mpaghara ahụ. The carvings were made with a knife and often followed the same pattern of initials, year, and often information about them, importantly the first or last day of the ''fäbod'' (summer pasture) period. Ihe osise ndị ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'ebe ụfọdụ na ebe ụfọdụ dị ka ugwu na nso mmiri n'ihi na ha bụ ebe dị mma maka ịkpa anụ n'ebe ugwu Sweden. Otu n'ime ebe ndị a bụ Hästbergs klack n'ebe ugwu Ludvika. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahụ ntụleghachi nke oge ọzụzụ atụrụ dị ka "Ọdịmma" ma ọ bụ "Ọjọrọ". N'otu alaka osisi dị na Ore, Dalarna, ụmụ agbọghọ atọ ndị na-azụrụ anụ ha hapụrụ ihe osise na-asị "Anyị na-adị anyị mma dị ka hell" (Wi mår bra som fan). Ọ bụ omenala na ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe n'elu osisi, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-ese ya na nkume.<ref name="fakta"> <ref name="visf"> == Hụkwa == == Edensibịa == kuixafu03rhrpjumy9g9nqeqze16ghw 0 76774 655966 2026-06-17T06:50:01Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326238633|Air sparging]]" 655966 wikitext text/x-wiki Air sparging, nke a makwaara dị ka in situ air stripping <ref name="CPEO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/airspa.htm|title=Air Sparging|publisher=CPEO}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/airspa.htm "Air Sparging"]. CPEO.</cite></ref> na in situ volatilization bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ọnọdụ, nke a na-eji agwọ ala jupụtara na Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi (VOCs) dị ka petroleum hydrocarbon, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=An Overview of In Situ Air Sparging|first=R.L.|author=Johnson|journal=Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation|volume=13|issue=4|pages=127–135|date=Nov 1993|doi=10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00456.x}}</ref> nsogbu zuru ebe niile maka mmiri dị n"okpuru ala na ahụike ala. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Air%20Sparging%20Chapter.pdf|title=Cleanup of Chemical Spills Using Air Sparging|first=Krishna R.|author=Reddy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231905/http://www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Air%20Sparging%20Chapter.pdf|archivedate=2013-12-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/JHSR/v3_no7.pdf|title=Air-Sparging Remediation: A Study on Heterogeneity and Air Mobility Reduction|first=S. S.|author=Di Julio|journal=Journal of Hazardous Substance Research|volume=3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clu-in.org/download/toolkit/sparge_o.pdf|title=Technology Overview Report|publisher=Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center|date=Oct 1996|accessdate=2013-10-31|archivedate=2013-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103135720/http://www.clu-in.org/download/toolkit/sparge_o.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterandsoilbioremediation.com/index.php/in-situ-remediation-methods/air-sparging|title=Air Sparging|publisher=Water and Soil Bio-Remediation|accessdate=2013-11-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223452/http://waterandsoilbioremediation.com/index.php/in-situ-remediation-methods/air-sparging|archivedate=2013-12-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://cemmlab.webhost.uic.edu/12-3-2004.pdf|title=Remediation of DNAPL source zones in groundwater using air sparging|journal=Land Contamination & Reclamation|volume=12|issue=2|pages=67–83|year=2004|first=Krishna R.|author=Reddy|accessdate=22 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Performance of air sparging systems: a review of case studies|first=David H.|author=Bass|journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials|volume=72|issue=2–3|pages=101–119|doi=10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00136-3|year=2000|pmid=10650186}}</ref> Mgbapụta anwụrụ ọkụ aghọwo usoro na-aga nke ọma ma dị irè nke ọgwụgwọ VOC. <ref name="Marley">{{Cite journal|author=Marley|first=Michael C.|date=1992-05-01|title=The Application of In Situ Air Sparging as an Innovative Soils and Ground Water Remediation Technology|journal=Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=137–145|doi=10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00044.x|issn=1745-6592}}</ref> N'ime mmezi mpaghara juputara, sparging ikuku na-ezo aka ịgbanye ikuku gas na-enweghị hydrocarbon n'ime ala ebe a chọtara mmetọ.<ref name="Marley" /> A bịa n'ihe gbasara ikuku ikuku, ọ ghọrọ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke egosipụtara na ọ na-aga nke ọma na Europe kemgbe 1980s. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enweela ọganihu ndị ọzọ n'ime ka nhazi injinia dịkwuo mma na usoro nke sparging ikuku. <ref name="Marley" /> == Usoro == Mmiri na-emetọ ikuku bụ usoro mgbochi na-emetụta ala nke na-agụnye itinye ikuku na-emetọrọ n'ime mmiri na-emetụ n'ala <ref name="CPEO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/airspa.htm|title=Air Sparging|publisher=CPEO}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enviroequipment.com/applications/air-sparging.html|title=Air Sparging Equipment Applications|publisher=Enviro-Equipment, Inc, Environmental Equipment & Supplies: Rental, Sales, Service & Repair}}</ref> na-eme ka hydrocarbons gbanwee ọnọdụ site na nke a gbazere agbaze gaa na steam.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Laboratory Study of Air Sparging: Air Flow Visualization|first=Wei|author=Ji|doi=10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00455.x|journal=Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation|volume=13|issue=4|pages=115–126|date=Nov 1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/tio/download/citizens/a_citizens_guide_to_soil_vapor_extraction_and_air_sparging.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413215302/http://www.epa.gov/tio/download/citizens/a_citizens_guide_to_soil_vapor_extraction_and_air_sparging.pdf|archivedate=April 13, 2013|title=A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging|publisher=EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response|date=Sep 2012}}</ref> A na-eziga ikuku ahụ na usoro mbupụ ikuku iji wepụ mmetọ ndị ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www2.bren.ucsb.edu/~keller/courses/esm223/SuthersanCh04AirSparge.pdf|title=''In Situ'' Air Sparging|journal=Remediation Engineering: Design Concepts|first=Suthan S.|author=Suthersan|year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/OUST/cat/airsparg.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990922002604/http://www.epa.gov/OUST/cat/airsparg.htm|archivedate=September 22, 1999|title=Underground Storage Tanks|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|date=2013-12-19}}</ref> A na-edozi ikuku a na-ewepụta ma ọ bụ "mkpu ikuku" iji wepụ ihe ọ bụla na-egbu egbu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-04/documents/a_citizens_guide_to_soil_vapor_extraction_and_air_sparging.pdf|title=A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air|author=None|first=United States Environmental Protection Agency|date=30 November 2017|work=EPA|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref> == Ụzọ na ọgwụgwọ == Mwepụta ikuku nke ala (SVE) gụnyere iji ọtụtụ ihe ntụtụ ikuku na ọtụtụ ihe mmịpụta ikuku nke ala nwere ike itinye n'ime ala emetọtọ iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke vepor n'elu tebụl mmiri. Mmetọ ga-enwerịrị opekata mpe ụkwụ 3 (0.91 m) n'okpuru ala ka sistemụ wee dị irè. A na-ejikọta ihe na-afụ ọkụ na olulu mmiri, na-emekarị site na manifold, n'okpuru okpokoro mmiri na-emepụta nrụgide. Ikuku a na-enwe nrụgide na-etolite obere afụ na-aga site na mmetọ na n'elu kọlụm mmiri. Afụ nke ikuku na-agbanwe ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ ma buru ha gaa n'ala nke na-enweghị afọ ojuju n'elu. A na-etinye ntụpọ oghere n'ime ala enweghị saturated n'elu mpaghara juputara. Isi ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ewepụta vapors site na sistemu ikuku nke ala. Ka oghere ahụ ghara ịdọpụ ikuku n'elu, a ga-eji tap ma ọ bụ usoro ọzọ kpuchie ala ahụ. Mbanye ikuku dị n'elu n'ime usoro ahụ na-ebelata arụmọrụ ma nwee ike ibelata izi ezi nke metrics usoro. A na-eji tarp ahụ akwụsị ikuku site na nhụta ruo n'elu.<ref name="Environmental Protection Agency">{{Cite web|title=A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging|url=https://www.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014134426/http://www2.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging|archivedate=October 14, 2015|work=Environmental Protection Agency|language=en|date=2015-04-09}}</ref> Usoro ikuku na-agbanye gas (nke a na-akpọ ikuku na-adịghị mma na ikuku a na-ewepụta). A na-eji carbon na-arụ ọrụ tupu a tọhapụ ikuku.<ref name="Environmental Protection Agency">{{Cite web|title=A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging|url=https://www.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014134426/http://www2.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging|archivedate=October 14, 2015|work=Environmental Protection Agency|language=en|date=2015-04-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151014134426/http://www2.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging "A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging"]. ''Environmental Protection Agency''. 2015-04-09. Archived from [https://www.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging the original] on October 14, 2015.</cite></ref> == Mmetụta == A na-ejikarị ikuku eme ihe maka iji ya eme ihe maka azụmahịa. Ìgwè ndị na-emetọ ikuku bụ VOCs na mmanụ a na-ahụ na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala. A na-ejikarị ikuku eme ihe na mmanụ ụgbọala dị mfe dịka benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, na xylene. A naghị etinye usoro a na ngwaahịa gasoline dị arọ dịka kerosene na mmanụ diesel. A na-ejikarị ikuku eme ihe mgbe a na-ehicha mmiri emetọ n'okpuru ụlọ na ihe mgbochi iji gbochie mmetọ ọzọ nke isi iyi mmiri ahụ. Ojiji nke ikuku na SVE dị mma mgbe emere ya nke ọma. Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na ọ bụ naanị ikuku dị ọcha nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ụfọdụ ka a na-ahapụ, ya mere ọ naghị eme ihe egwu mgbe a na-eji usoro nnwale kwesịrị ekwesị iji jide n'aka na gas ndị dị ize ndụ anaghị apụ n'ime ikuku. Enwere ike ịgwọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke arsenic-emetọ site na ikuku sparging iji wepụ pasent ụfọdụ nke arsenik na ngwọta nke iron na arsenic na molar ratio nke 2. Ọgwụgwọ site na iji ikuku na-agbanye uru dị ka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nwere nnukwu iron a gbazere agbaze, nke nwere ikike maka ọgwụgwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=MacBean|first=Edward A.|title=In situ treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater by air sparging|journal=Journal of Contaminant Hydrology|date=April 2014|volume=159|pages=20–35|pmid=24561624|doi=10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.01.003}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 3yclxeats80v90b4o3xpjyjhvuk6q2f 655967 655966 2026-06-17T07:00:56Z Chigozirim2005 19722 655967 wikitext text/x-wiki Air sparging, nke a makwaara dị ka in situ air stripping <ref name="CPEO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/airspa.htm|title=Air Sparging|publisher=CPEO}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/airspa.htm "Air Sparging"]. CPEO.</cite></ref> na in situ volatilization bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ọnọdụ, nke a na-eji agwọ ala jupụtara na Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi (VOCs) dị ka petroleum hydrocarbon, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=An Overview of In Situ Air Sparging|first=R.L.|author=Johnson|journal=Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation|volume=13|issue=4|pages=127–135|date=Nov 1993|doi=10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00456.x}}</ref> nsogbu zuru ebe niile maka mmiri dị n"okpuru ala na ahụike ala. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Air%20Sparging%20Chapter.pdf|title=Cleanup of Chemical Spills Using Air Sparging|first=Krishna R.|author=Reddy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231905/http://www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Air%20Sparging%20Chapter.pdf|archivedate=2013-12-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/JHSR/v3_no7.pdf|title=Air-Sparging Remediation: A Study on Heterogeneity and Air Mobility Reduction|first=S. S.|author=Di Julio|journal=Journal of Hazardous Substance Research|volume=3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clu-in.org/download/toolkit/sparge_o.pdf|title=Technology Overview Report|publisher=Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center|date=Oct 1996|accessdate=2013-10-31|archivedate=2013-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103135720/http://www.clu-in.org/download/toolkit/sparge_o.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterandsoilbioremediation.com/index.php/in-situ-remediation-methods/air-sparging|title=Air Sparging|publisher=Water and Soil Bio-Remediation|accessdate=2013-11-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223452/http://waterandsoilbioremediation.com/index.php/in-situ-remediation-methods/air-sparging|archivedate=2013-12-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://cemmlab.webhost.uic.edu/12-3-2004.pdf|title=Remediation of DNAPL source zones in groundwater using air sparging|journal=Land Contamination & Reclamation|volume=12|issue=2|pages=67–83|year=2004|first=Krishna R.|author=Reddy|accessdate=22 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Performance of air sparging systems: a review of case studies|first=David H.|author=Bass|journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials|volume=72|issue=2–3|pages=101–119|doi=10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00136-3|year=2000|pmid=10650186}}</ref> Mgbapụta anwụrụ ọkụ aghọwo usoro na-aga nke ọma ma dị irè nke ọgwụgwọ VOC. <ref name="Marley">{{Cite journal|author=Marley|first=Michael C.|date=1992-05-01|title=The Application of In Situ Air Sparging as an Innovative Soils and Ground Water Remediation Technology|journal=Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=137–145|doi=10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00044.x|issn=1745-6592}}</ref> N'ime mmezi mpaghara juputara, sparging ikuku na-ezo aka ịgbanye ikuku gas na-enweghị hydrocarbon n'ime ala ebe a chọtara mmetọ.<ref name="Marley" /> A bịa n'ihe gbasara ikuku ikuku, ọ ghọrọ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke egosipụtara na ọ na-aga nke ọma na Europe kemgbe 1980s. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enweela ọganihu ndị ọzọ n'ime ka nhazi injinia dịkwuo mma na usoro nke sparging ikuku. <ref name="Marley" /> == Usoro == Mmiri na-emetọ ikuku bụ usoro mgbochi na-emetụta ala nke na-agụnye itinye ikuku na-emetọrọ n'ime mmiri na-emetụ n'ala <ref name="CPEO" /> == Ụzọ na ọgwụgwọ == Mwepụta ikuku nke ala (SVE) gụnyere iji ọtụtụ ihe ntụtụ ikuku na ọtụtụ ihe mmịpụta ikuku nke ala nwere ike itinye n'ime ala emetọtọ iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke vepor n'elu tebụl mmiri. Mmetọ ga-enwerịrị opekata mpe ụkwụ 3 (0.91 m) n'okpuru ala ka sistemụ wee dị irè. A na-ejikọta ihe na-afụ ọkụ na olulu mmiri, na-emekarị site na manifold, n'okpuru okpokoro mmiri na-emepụta nrụgide. Ikuku a na-enwe nrụgide na-etolite obere afụ na-aga site na mmetọ na n'elu kọlụm mmiri. Afụ nke ikuku na-agbanwe ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ ma buru ha gaa n'ala nke na-enweghị afọ ojuju n'elu. A na-etinye ntụpọ oghere n'ime ala enweghị saturated n'elu mpaghara juputara. Isi ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ewepụta vapors site na sistemu ikuku nke ala. Ka oghere ahụ ghara ịdọpụ ikuku n'elu, a ga-eji tap ma ọ bụ usoro ọzọ kpuchie ala ahụ. Mbanye ikuku dị n'elu n'ime usoro ahụ na-ebelata arụmọrụ ma nwee ike ibelata izi ezi nke metrics usoro. A na-eji tarp ahụ akwụsị ikuku site na nhụta ruo n'elu.<ref name="Environmental Protection Agency">{{Cite web|title=A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging|url=https://www.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014134426/http://www2.epa.gov/remedytech/citizens-guide-soil-vapor-extraction-and-air-sparging|archivedate=October 14, 2015|work=Environmental Protection Agency|language=en|date=2015-04-09}}</ref> Usoro ikuku na-agbanye gas (nke a na-akpọ ikuku na-adịghị mma na ikuku a na-ewepụta). A na-eji carbon na-arụ ọrụ tupu a tọhapụ ikuku.<ref name="Environmental Protection Agency" /> == Mmetụta == A na-ejikarị ikuku eme ihe maka iji ya eme ihe maka azụmahịa. Ìgwè ndị na-emetọ ikuku bụ VOCs na mmanụ a na-ahụ na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala. A na-ejikarị ikuku eme ihe na mmanụ ụgbọala dị mfe dịka benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, na xylene. A naghị etinye usoro a na ngwaahịa gasoline dị arọ dịka kerosene na mmanụ diesel. A na-ejikarị ikuku eme ihe mgbe a na-ehicha mmiri emetọ n'okpuru ụlọ na ihe mgbochi iji gbochie mmetọ ọzọ nke isi iyi mmiri ahụ. Ojiji nke ikuku na SVE dị mma mgbe emere ya nke ọma. Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na ọ bụ naanị ikuku dị ọcha nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ụfọdụ ka a na-ahapụ, ya mere ọ naghị eme ihe egwu mgbe a na-eji usoro nnwale kwesịrị ekwesị iji jide n'aka na gas ndị dị ize ndụ anaghị apụ n'ime ikuku. Enwere ike ịgwọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke arsenic-emetọ site na ikuku sparging iji wepụ pasent ụfọdụ nke arsenik na ngwọta nke iron na arsenic na molar ratio nke 2. Ọgwụgwọ site na iji ikuku na-agbanye uru dị ka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nwere nnukwu iron a gbazere agbaze, nke nwere ikike maka ọgwụgwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=MacBean|first=Edward A.|title=In situ treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater by air sparging|journal=Journal of Contaminant Hydrology|date=April 2014|volume=159|pages=20–35|pmid=24561624|doi=10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.01.003}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 7bigab2mg6k424grwotvgouew2kuh5z 0 76775 655968 2026-06-17T07:34:40Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341785866|Chemical phosphorus removal]]" 655968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihichapụ phosphorus''' kemịkal bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ebe a na-ewepụ phosphorum site na iji nnu [[alum]]" id="mwBg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aluminum">aluminum (dịka alum ma ọ bụ polyaluminum chloride), ígwè (dịka ferric chloride), ma ọ bụ calcium (dịka lime). Ọdịdị Phosphate na-ada na ion metal ma wepụ ya na apịtị na nkewa (tankị sedimentation, tank flotation, wdg). <ref>{{Cite book|author=|first=|title=Wastewater engineering : treatment and reuse|year=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=0070418780|edition=4}}</ref> == Ọgwụgwọ aluminum sulfate iji belata phosphorus dị na ọdọ mmiri == Otu usoro nke ọgwụgwọ eutrophication bụ itinye aluminum sulfate, nnu a na-ejikarị eme ihe na usoro mkpụmkpụ nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ. Aluminum sulfate, ma ọ bụ "alum" dị ka a na-akpọkarị ya, achọtala na ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ nchịkwa ọdọ mmiri dị irè site n'ibelata ibu phosphorus.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal|author=Kennedy|first=Robert H.|title=Control of lake phosphorus with aluminum sulfate: dose determination and application techniques|journal=Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association|date=1982|volume=18|issue=3|pages=389–395|doi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00005.x}}</ref> A malitere itinye alum na 1968 na ọdọ mmiri dị na Sweden.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal|author=Kennedy|first=Robert H.|title=Control of lake phosphorus with aluminum sulfate: dose determination and application techniques|journal=Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association|date=1982|volume=18|issue=3|pages=389–395|doi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00005.x}}</ref> Mmetụta mbụ ya na ọdọ mmiri America sochiri na 1970. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Garrison|first=Paul J.|title=Long-Term Evaluation of Three Alum Treated Lakes|journal=Lake and Reservoir Management|date=1984|volume=1|issue=1|pages=513–517|doi=10.1080/07438148409354568}}</ref> Taa, alum ejirila arụmọrụ yana nghọta emelitere. N'ime nnukwu ọmụmụ ihe, a na-enyocha ọdọ mmiri 114 maka ịdị irè nke alum na mbelata phosphorus. N'ofe ọdọ mmiri niile, alum belatara phosphorus nke ọma maka afọ 11. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ụdị dị iche iche na ogologo ndụ (afọ 21 na ọdọ mmiri miri emi na afọ 5.7 na ọdọ mmiri na-emighị emeri), nsonaazụ ya na-egosipụta ịdị irè nke alum na ịchịkwa phosphorus n'ime ọdọ mmiri.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Huser|first=Brian J.|title=Longevity and effectiveness of aluminum addition to reduce sediment phosphorus release and restore lake water quality|journal=Water Research|date=June 2016|volume=97|pages=122–132|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.051|pmid=26250754}}</ref> === Usoro === Ọgwụ alum na-amalite site na mgbakwunye nke nnu aluminum sulfate na mmiri. Ozugbo agbakwunyere ya, nnu ahụ na-agbaze ma na-ekewapụ, na-ewebata Al (III) ion na mmiri. Aluminum ion na-ekere òkè n'usoro mmeghachi omume 3₄" href="./Hydrolysis" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis, na-emepụta ụdị aluminum dị iche iche gafee pH. Ka a na-agbakwunye aluminum sulfate, pH mmiri na-ebelata. Na pH dị elu, ụdị soluble Al (OH) 4⁻ dị. Na pH na-anọpụ iche (6-8), aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) na-adịghị agwakọta. Ka pH na-ebelata, Al (III) ion na-anọgide na-adị.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal|author=Kennedy|first=Robert H.|title=Control of lake phosphorus with aluminum sulfate: dose determination and application techniques|journal=Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association|date=1982|volume=18|issue=3|pages=389–395|doi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00005.x}}</ref> Ịdebe pH kacha mma dị mkpa maka iwepụ phosphorus na mmiri. A na-ewepụ phosphorus nke ọma na pH na-anọpụ iche, mgbe aluminom hydroxide na-adịghị ike dị.. Hydroxide a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Lewis acid, <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwqq="">3<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Elphinston<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;first3<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Andrew J.<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;last4<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Ratnayaka<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;first4<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Don D.<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;title<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Twort's Water Supply<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;chapter<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Storage, Clarification and Chemical Treatment<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;2017<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;pages<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;323–366<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;doi<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;10.1016/B978-0-08-100025-0.00008-9<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;isbn<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;978-0-08-100025-0<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;quote<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;When dosed into water, the formation of an aluminium hydroxide floc is the result of the reaction between the acidic coagulant and the natural alkalinity of the water, which usually consists of calcium bicarbonate.<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw5w\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt16\" class=\"citation book cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBrandtJohnsonElphinstonRatnayaka2017\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Brandt, Malcolm J.; Johnson, K. Michael; Elphinston, Andrew J.; Ratnayaka, Don D. (2017). \"Storage, Clarification and Chemical Treatment\". <i id=\"mw6A\">Twort's Water Supply</i></nowiki>. pp.<nowiki><span id=\"mw6Q\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw6g\">323–</span></nowiki>366. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"111\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mw6w\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a></nowiki>:<nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-08-100025-0.00008-9\" id=\"mw7A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.1016/B978-0-08-100025-0.00008-9</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"112\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" id=\"mw7Q\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a></nowiki><nowiki><span id=\"mw7g\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"113\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-08-100025-0\" id=\"mw7w\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-08-100025-0\"><bdi id=\"mw8A\">978-0-08-100025-0</bdi></nowiki><nowiki></a></nowiki>. <nowiki><q id=\"mw8Q\">When dosed into water, the formation of an aluminium hydroxide floc is the result of the reaction between the acidic coagulant and the natural alkalinity of the water, which usually consists of calcium bicarbonate.</q></nowiki><nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:02_5-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Chemical_phosphorus_removal#cite_note-:02-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> na-emepụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke yiri ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu. Al (OH) 3 floc na-adịghị agwakọta adsorbs phosphorus, yana ụdị ndị ọzọ, ma wepụ ha na kọlụm mmiri. Ka adsorption nke floc na-aga n'ihu, floc na na-ebuwanye ibu, na-emesị nọrọ na ala nke ogidi mmiri na sediment. Ọdịdị hydroxide aluminum nke na-ekpuchi ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-egbochi mgbasa nke phosphorus site na sediment n'ime ogidi mmiri, na-agbakwu mbọ na-achịkwa phosphoros dị n'ime.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Huser|first=Brian J.|title=Longevity and effectiveness of aluminum addition to reduce sediment phosphorus release and restore lake water quality|journal=Water Research|date=June 2016|volume=97|pages=122–132|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.051|pmid=26250754}}</ref> === Mmejuputa === Maka ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ alum, a na-etinye nnu sulfate aluminum na ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ, n'ime hypolimnion.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cooke|first=G. Dennis|title=Change in lake trophic state and internal phosphorus release after aluminum sulfate application|journal=Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association|date=1982|volume=18|issue=4|pages=699–705|doi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00054.x}}</ref> Alum ahụ na-ebelata ọkwa phosphorus site n'ịkwalite phosphorus a napụtara na sediments ọdọ mmiri ndị a, si otú a na-achịkwa phosphorus na kọlụm mmiri dum. A na-akpọ phosphorus a sitere n'ime sedimenti ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka phosphorus "akwajuru n'ime" n'ụzọ megidere phosphorus nke "na-ebunye n'èzí" nke isi mmalite na-eweta n'èzí ọdọ mmiri ahụ, dị ka. runoff.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|author=Cooke|first=G. Dennis|title=Effectiveness of al, Ca, and Fe salts for control of internal phosphorus loading in shallow and deep lakes|journal=Hydrobiologia|date=1993|volume=253|issue=1–3|pages=323–335|doi=10.1007/BF00050758}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-etinyekarị alum na hypolimnion, na-ebelata phosphorus n'ụwa niile n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, enwere ike itinye ya na [[Wake (physics)|teta]]-linkid="58" href="./Epilimnion" id="mwVQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Epilimnion">epilimnion ma ọ bụ n'ógbè iji gosipụta isi mmalite.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|url=https://www.nalms.org/nalms-position-papers/the-use-of-alum-for-lake-management/|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụdị ọgwụgwọ alum dị ka iji alum eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri, ma dị irè karị n'ibelata phosphorus dị n'èzí karịa ngwa ụwa nke alum na hypolimnion. Mgbe etinyere ya na epilimnion, ụgbọ mmiri na-akwado site na a dị mkpa na ebe ngwa ahụ dị, a na-agbakwunye aluminum sulfate n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'akụkụ ụzọ nke moto mpụga. Nke a na-enye ngwakọta zuru oke nke aluminum sulfate n'ime epilimnion.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ree|first=William R.|title=Emergency Alum Treatment of Open Reservoirs|journal=Journal AWWA|date=1963|volume=55|issue=3|pages=275–281|doi=10.1002/j.1551-8833.1963.tb01028.x}}</ref> The necessary dosage of alum is determined by a variety of parameters. Changes in pH, dissolved oxygen levels, metal content of lake sediment, and lake size are all important for consideration.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rydin|first=Emil|title=Aluminum dose required to inactivate phosphate in lake sediments|journal=Water Research|date=1998|volume=32|issue=10|pages=2969–2976|doi=10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00055-4}}</ref> Alum dosage is calculated by scientist and engineers to increase the effectiveness. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Ihe mgbochi === Ọgwụ alum adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọdọ mmiri miri emi, yana ọdọ mmiri nwere nnukwu phosphorus n'èzí.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|author=Cooke|first=G. Dennis|title=Effectiveness of al, Ca, and Fe salts for control of internal phosphorus loading in shallow and deep lakes|journal=Hydrobiologia|date=1993|volume=253|issue=1–3|pages=323–335|doi=10.1007/BF00050758}}</ref> N'ime ọdọ mmiri miri emi, a naghị agbasa inactivation nke phosphorus na kọlụm mmiri niile, ebe ọ bụ na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-emighị emi n'ihi nhazi nke aluminum hydroxide na hypolimnion. Ọzọkwa, phosphorus na-ebu n'èzí na-ejikarị nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbada n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-amachi mmekọrịta ya na aluminom hydroxide n'ime hypolimnion na ikwe ka mkpokọta phosphorus dị elu na kọlụm mmiri.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|url=https://www.nalms.org/nalms-position-papers/the-use-of-alum-for-lake-management/|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya mere, a na-eji ọgwụgwọ alum eme ihe nke ọma na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-emighị emi nke nwere phosphorus bu n'ime ya. Otu ihe dị iche bụ isi mmalite nke phosphorus dị n'èzí, nke enwere ike ịhazi ya nke ọma site na itinye aluminom sulfate ozugbo na isi iyi.<ref name=":42" /> Ihe ọzọ a na-ahụ anya nke a ga-atụle bụ ikike nke ọdọ mmiri na-eguzogide ngwakọta na kọlụm mmiri. Achọpụtara ọdọ mmiri ndị nwere Index Osgood dị elu, nke a na-eji achọpụta ọnụọgụ agwakọta nke na-eme n'ọdọ mmiri n'ihi ifufe, na-ebute ọgwụgwọ alum dị irè karị. Nhọrọ ọzọ bụ oke nke mpaghara mmiri na mpaghara elu ọdọ. Ọdọ mmiri ndị nwere oke mmiri dị ala ruo n'akụkụ ọdọ nwere ogologo ndụ ka ukwuu na-eso ọgwụgwọ. Ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-ejikọta ya na oge obibi ogologo oge ma na-enwe mmetụta nke phosphorus dị n'ime ya nke na-enyere aka n'ọgwụgwọ nke ọma.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Huser|first=Brian J.|title=Longevity and effectiveness of aluminum addition to reduce sediment phosphorus release and restore lake water quality|journal=Water Research|date=June 2016|volume=97|pages=122–132|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.051|pmid=26250754}}</ref> Regardless of application strategy, repeated alum treatment is often necessary for most lakes every 5 to 15 years.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|url=https://www.nalms.org/nalms-position-papers/the-use-of-alum-for-lake-management/|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|language=en-US}}</ref> The necessity of repeated treatment requires continuous management and phosphorus monitoring to ensure optimal effectiveness. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ ihe ọzọ dị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ alum. Ọgwụgwọ na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, nke a na-ejikọta ya na uto osisi na omimi dị ukwuu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|url=https://www.nalms.org/nalms-position-papers/the-use-of-alum-for-lake-management/|accessdate=2022-04-12|work=North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)|language=en-US}}</ref> Mmụba nke osisi n'ime ọdọ mmiri na-agbanwe ọdịdị nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ya, nke bụ mgbe ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche. Ọdọ mmiri ndị nwere azụ na-eri nri dị ka carp na-enwekarị ihe ịga nke ọma dị ala n'iwepụ phosphorus. Ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-eri nri n'ime ọdọ mmiri nke na-enye nsogbu aluminum hydroxide flocs na-ejikọta phosphorus na ala ọdọ mmiri.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Huser|first=Brian J.|title=Longevity and effectiveness of aluminum addition to reduce sediment phosphorus release and restore lake water quality|journal=Water Research|date=June 2016|volume=97|pages=122–132|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.051|pmid=26250754}}</ref> Nchegbu ọzọ bụ na nnu aluminum nwere ike ime ka ọdọ mmiri dị acid, na-eme ka ha nwee ike igbu ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|author=Cooke|first=G. Dennis|title=Effectiveness of al, Ca, and Fe salts for control of internal phosphorus loading in shallow and deep lakes|journal=Hydrobiologia|date=1993|volume=253|issue=1–3|pages=323–335|doi=10.1007/BF00050758}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, aluminom sulfate usoro onunu ogwu a na-eji maka ọgwụgwọ ọdọ mmiri anaghị adịkarị elu nke na-ebute nsí dị ukwuu na azụ, ọ bụ ezie na ahụrụ mbelata na algae na invertebrates na ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-agwọ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ alum ezughịkwa iji bute nsị n'ime mmadụ, ọ na-adịkarịkwa ka alum doses eji na ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ.<ref name=":42" /> Iji belata mmetụta ndụ na-adịghị mma, oke anabatara maka mgbaze aluminom gbazere n'ime ahụ mmiri bụ 50 μg Al / L na pH kwesịrị ịmachi ya na oke nke 5.5-9.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal|author=Kennedy|first=Robert H.|title=Control of lake phosphorus with aluminum sulfate: dose determination and application techniques|journal=Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association|date=1982|volume=18|issue=3|pages=389–395|doi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00005.x}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7nhd04wovnesbkr0411jk857587w4gl 0 76776 655979 2026-06-17T07:57:10Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314896248|Earth's internal heat budget]]" 655979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mmefu ego okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa''' bụ isi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okpomọkụ nke ụwa. A na-eme atụmatụ na okpomọkụ na-esi n'ime ụwa gaa n'elu ya dị 47±2 terawatts (TW) <ref name="Davies2010">{{Cite journal|author=Davies|first=J.H.|date=22 February 2010|title=Earth's surface heat flux|volume=1|issue=1|pages=5–24|journal=Solid Earth|doi=10.5194/se-1-5-2010}}</ref> ma na-abịa site na isi mmalite abụọ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu: ''okpomọkụ radiogenic'' nke na-emepụta site na mbibi nke isotopes na mantle na mkpo, na okpompe mbụ fọdụrụ site na mmalite nke ụwa. <ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> Okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-aga n'akụkụ gradients geothermal na ike ọtụtụ usoro geological. Ọ na-akpali convection mantle, tectonics plate, ụlọ ugwu, metamorphism nkume, na mgbawa ugwu.<ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> A na-ekwukwa na nnyefe okpomọkụ na-agafe n'ime etiti okpomọkụ dị elu nke mbara ala iji kwado geodynamo nke na-emepụta ala magnetik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2010/explained-dynamo-0325|title=Explained: Dynamo Theory|publisher=MIT News|author=Morgan Bettex|date=25 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kageyama|first=Akira|title=Computer simulation of a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo. II|journal=Physics of Plasmas|date=1 January 1995|volume=2|issue=5|pages=1421–1431|doi=10.1063/1.871485}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Glatzmaier|first=Gary A.|title=A three-dimensional convective dynamo solution with rotating and finitely conducting inner core and mantle|journal=Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors|year=1995|volume=91|issue=1–3|pages=63–75|doi=10.1016/0031-9201(95)03049-3}}</ref> A na-anakọta data zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere oke okpomọkụ site na International Heat Flow Commission nke International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior. == Okpomọkụ na atụmatụ mmalite nke afọ ụwa == Dabere na ngụkọta nke ọnụego ịjụ oyi nke ụwa, nke na-eche na ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ime ụwa, na 1862 William Thomson, mgbe e mesịrị Lord Kelvin, mere atụmatụ na afọ nke ụwa dị nde afọ 98, nke dị iche na afọ nke ijeri afọ 4.5 nwetara na narị afọ nke 20 site na radiometric dating. <ref name="Taylor, S. R. 2007">{{Cite book|editor=Martin J. van Kranendonk|first=Stuart|author=Ross Taylor|title=Earth's Oldest Rocks (Developments in Precambrian Geology Vol 15, 2007)|chapter=Chapter 2: The Formation Of The Earth And Moon|pages=21–30|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIRpMW6gLm4C&q=%22chapter%202.1%22&pg=PA21|date=26 October 2007|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-055247-7}}</ref> Dị ka John Perry si kwuo na 1895 a variable conductivity in the Earth's interior nwere ike ịgbasa afọ nke ụwa ruo ọtụtụ ijeri afọ, dị ka e mesịrị kwado site na radiometric dating.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=England|first=Philip|title=John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics|journal=GSA Today|date=2007|volume=17|issue=1|pages=4–9|doi=10.1130/GSAT01701A.1}}</ref> mgbanwe conductivity dị n'ime ime ụwa nwere ike ịgbasa afọ agbakọtara ọnụ nke ụwa ruo ọtụtụ ijeri afọ, dịka e mesịrị kwenye site na mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị redio. N'adịghị ka ihe nnọchianya nke arụmụka Thomson na-emebu, a gaghị akọwa ihe mgbakwụnye ọkụ nke ụwa site na mgbakwunye nke redioactivity dị ka isi iyi ọkụ. Karịrị nke ọma, mantle convection na-agbanwe otú a na-ebugharị okpomọkụ n'ime Ụwa, na-eme ka echiche Thomson nke ịjụ oyi na-agafe agafe ghara ịdị irè. == Okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa == Estimates of the total heat flow from Earth's interior to surface span a range of 43 to 49 terawatts (TW) (a terawatt is 10¹² watts). One recent estimate is 47&nbsp;TW,<ref name="Davies2010">{{Cite journal|author=Davies|first=J.H.|date=22 February 2010|title=Earth's surface heat flux|volume=1|issue=1|pages=5–24|journal=Solid Earth|doi=10.5194/se-1-5-2010}}</ref> equivalent to an average heat flux of 91.6&nbsp;mW/m², and is based on more than 38,000 measurements. The respective mean heat flows of continental and oceanic crust are 70.9 and 105.4&nbsp;mW/m².<ref name="Davies2010" /> Ọ bụ ezie na mkpokọta okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-eruba n'elu dị mma nke ọma, ntinye aka nke isi mmalite abụọ nke okpomọkụ ụwa, radiogenic na primordial okpomọkụ, bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka nke ukwuu n'ihi na nha ha kpọmkwem siri ike. Ụdị kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ na-enye atụmatụ dị iche iche 15-41 TW na 12-30 TW maka okpomọkụ radiogenic na okpomọkụ mbụ, n'otu n'otu.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ọdịdị nke Ụwa bụ mkpo siri ike nke dị n'èzí nke nwere mkpo siri elu nke kọntinent na mkpo dị nro nke oké osimiri, ihe siri ike ma na-agagharị na plastik, isi mmiri dị n'ime, na isi n'ime dị n'etiti. Mmiri nke ihe na-adabere na okpomọkụ; ya mere, mkpuchi siri ike ka nwere ike ịgafe ogologo oge, dịka ọrụ nke okpomọkụ ya <ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> ya mere dịka ọrụ nke ikuku nke ụwa. Mkpịsị ugodi ahụ na-agbanye n'ihi okpomọkụ na-esi n'ime ụwa pụọ, na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eguzogide ihe na-ebili ma na-ajụ oyi, ya mere, mkpuchi ahụ na-ada. Mmiri a na-aga n'ihu na mantle na-akpali mmegharị nke efere lithospheric nke ụwa; ya mere, ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ ọzọ dị na mantle dị ala dị oke mkpa maka ọrụ nke tectonics plate na otu isi iyi nwere ike ịbụ enrichment nke ihe radioactive na mantle ala. Earth heat transport occurs by conduction, mantle convection, hydrothermal convection, and volcanic advection. A na-eche na okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-eruba n'elu bụ 80% n'ihi convection mantle, na okpomọkụ nke fọdụrụ na-esite na eriri ụwa. nwere ihe dịka 1% n'ihi ọrụ mgbawa ugwu, ala ọma jijiji na ụlọ ugwu.<ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> Ya mere, ihe dị ka 99% nke okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-efunahụ elu bụ site na ntinye site na eriri, na convection mantle bụ njikwa kachasị na mbufe okpomọkụ site na omimi n'ime ụwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime okpomọkụ na-esi na eriri kọntinent buru ibu na-esite na isi mmalite redio nke ime; N'ụzọ dị iche, eriri oke osimiri dị gịrịgịrị nwere naanị 2% okpomọkụ radieshon dị n'ime.<ref name="Turcotte" /> Okpomọkụ fọdụrụnụ n'elu ga-abụ n'ihi ikpo ọkụ basal nke jikọrọ ọnụ site na convection mantle. A na-ejikọta mgbanwe ọkụ na-adịghị mma na afọ nkume,<ref name="Davies2010">{{Cite journal|author=Davies|first=J.H.|date=22 February 2010|title=Earth's surface heat flux|volume=1|issue=1|pages=5–24|journal=Solid Earth|doi=10.5194/se-1-5-2010}}</ref> nke nwere oke okpomọkụ kachasị elu site na nkume kacha nta na etiti oke osimiri na-agbasa ebe (mpaghara nke uwe elu), dị ka a hụrụ na map zuru ụwa ọnụ nke okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref name="Davies2010" /> == Isi iyi nke okpomọkụ == === Okpomọkụ radiogenic === Mmebi nke radiation nke ihe ndị dị n'ime mkpuchi na mkpo ụwa na-ebute mmepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị isotopes na ntọhapụ nke geoneutrinos na ike okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ radiogenic. Ihe dị ka 50% nke okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-esite na mbibi radiation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How much of the heat dissipated into space by Earth is due to radioactive decay of its elements? About half is due to this "radiogenic heat"|url=http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2014/ph241/estrada1/|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|year=2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625114931/http://large.stanford.edu:80/courses/2014/ph241/estrada1/|archivedate=2017-06-25}}</ref> Isotopes anọ na-emepụta radiation na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ okpomọkụ radiogenic n'ihi ọganihu ha na isotopes ndị ọzọ na-emepụta radioactive: [./Uranium_&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 238" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uranium 238">uranium-238] (238U), [./Uranium_&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 235" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uranium 235">uranium-235] (235U), [./Thorium-&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 232" id="mw0w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thorium-232">thorium-232] (232Th), na [./Potassium-&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 40" id="mw1Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Potassium-40">potassium-40]. N'ihi enweghị ihe nlele nkume site n'okpuru 200 km omimi, ọ na-esiri ike ikpebi kpọmkwem okpomọkụ radiogenic n'ime mantle dum, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ atụmatụ dị.<ref name="Korenaga 2011" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2013-01-01|title=Geophysical and geochemical constraints on geoneutrino fluxes from Earth's mantle|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|language=en|volume=361|pages=356–366|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.001|issn=0012-821X|author=Šrámek|first=Ondřej}}</ref>&nbsp; Maka isi ụwa, ihe ọmụmụ geochemical na-egosi na o yighị ka ọ ga-abụ isi iyi ọkụ radieshon n'ihi obere mkpokọta redioaktivu a na-atụ anya ya na-ekewa n'ime ígwè. A na-ejikọta mmepụta okpomọkụ nke Radiogenic n'ime uwe mwụda ahụ na nhazi nke convection mantle, isiokwu nke arụmụka dị ukwuu, a na-eche na uwe mwụda ahụ nwere ike inwe usoro dị elu nke nwere ihe dị elu nke na-emepụta okpomọkụ na-emepụta ihe na uwe elu, ma ọ bụ obere mmiri mmiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ihe ndị na-eme ka redio na-agbasasị n'ime uwe ahụ dum. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Atụmatụ nke isotopes ndị na-emepụta okpomọkụ nke oge a <ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> !Isotope !Ịtọhapụ okpomọkụ ⁠W/kg isotope⁠<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span> !Ọkara <span style="font-size: smaller;">afọ</span><br /> !Nkezi nke mantle - kg isotope/kg mantle⁠<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span> !Ọkụ na-ewepụta ⁠W/kg mantle⁠<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span> |- |²³² |26.4×10−6 |14.0×109 |124×10−9 |3.27×10−12 |- |²³⁸ |94.6×10−6 |4.47×109 |30.8×10−9 |2.91×10−12 |- |40K |29.2×10−6 |1.25×109 |36.9×10−9 |1.08×10−12 |- |²³⁵ |569×10−6 |0.704×109 |0.22×10−9 |0.125×10−12 |} Ndị na-achọpụta geoneutrino nwere ike ịchọpụta mbibi nke ²³⁸ na ²³² ma si otú a nye ohere atụmatụ nke onyinye ha na mmefu ego okpomọkụ radiogenic ugbu a, ebe ²³⁵ na ⁴⁰ anaghị achọpụta. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a na-eme atụmatụ na ⁴⁰ ga-enye aka na 4 TW nke okpomọkụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi obere ọkara ndụ, mbibi nke ²³⁵ na ⁴⁰ nyere aka n'ụzọ dị ukwuu nke okpomọkụ radiogenic na mmalite ụwa, nke na-ekpo ọkụ karịa ugbu a. Nsonaazụ mbụ site n'ịtụle ngwaahịa geoneutrino nke ire ure radioactive site n'ime ụwa, onye nnọchi anya maka okpomọkụ radiogenic, wetara atụmatụ ọhụrụ nke ọkara nke ngụkọta nke isi iyi okpomọkụ dị n'ime ala bụ radiogenic, <ref name="Gando" /> nke a kwekọrọ na atụmatụ ndị gara aga.&nbsp; Okpomọkụ nke mbụ bụ okpomọkụ nke ụwa na-efunahụ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ajụ oyi site na nhazi mbụ ya, nke a dị iche na okpomọkụ radieshon ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Okpomọkụ nke isi ụwa—ọkụ na-ahapụ isi na na-asọba n'ime uwe mwụda karịrị akarị—echere na ọ bụ n'ihi okpomoku izizi, ma a na-eme atụmatụ na 5–15 TW. Atụmatụ nke ọnwụ okpomọkụ nke mantle primordial dị n'etiti 7 na 15 TW, nke a na-agbakọ dị ka okpomọkụ fọdụrụ mgbe ewepụchara okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekwo ọkụ nke ụwa site na okpomọkụ a hụrụ.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ọdịdị mbụ nke etiti ụwa nwere ike ịkpata oke okpomọkụ na ọnwụ okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa, na ọnwụ okike ga-ebelata ozugbo mantle siri ike. Okpomọkụ na-esi n'isi ahụ apụta dị mkpa iji mee ka isi ihe dị n'èzí na geodynamo na ala magnetik nke ụwa; ya mere okpomọkụ mbụ sitere na isi ahụ mere ka ikuku nke ụwa nwee ike ma si otú a nyere aka ijigide mmiri mmiri nke ụwa. [[Faịlụ:Tectonic_evolution_of_Earth.jpg|thumb|Ọganihu tectonic nke ụwa site na ọnọdụ gbazere agbaze na 4.5 Ga, <ref name="Taylor, S. R. 2007">{{Cite book|editor=Martin J. van Kranendonk|first=Stuart|author=Ross Taylor|title=Earth's Oldest Rocks (Developments in Precambrian Geology Vol 15, 2007)|chapter=Chapter 2: The Formation Of The Earth And Moon|pages=21–30|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIRpMW6gLm4C&q=%22chapter%202.1%22&pg=PA21|date=26 October 2007|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-055247-7}}</ref> gaa na lithosphere otu plate, gaa na tectonics nke oge a n'etiti 3.2 Ga na 1.0 Ga &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]] Ike okpomọkụ mbụ na-abịa site na ike nwere ike ịpụta site na imebi nnukwu ihe n'ime olulu ike ọdịda, na Ike kinetic nke ihe agbakwunyere. == Okpomọkụ na-agafe na tectonic plates == Arụmụka banyere kpọmkwem ọdịdị nke mantle convectIo na-eme ka njikọ njikọ evolushọn nke mmefu ego okpomọkụ nke ụwa na ike na nhazi nke mantle sie ike iwepụ. E nwere ihe akaebe na usoro tectonics plate adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa tupu ijeri afọ 3.2 gara aga, nakwa na mmalite nke okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa nwere ike ịbụ nke advection site na mgbawa ugwu. Ihe ndị dị n'ụwa nwere okpomọkụ dị ala, dị ka [[Ọnwa]] na [[Maas|Mars]], na-eduzi okpomọkụ ha n'ime site na otu efere lithospheric, na okpomọkụ na-agafe, dị ka n'ọnwa Jupiter Io, na-akpata njem okpomọkụ advective site na mgbawa ugwu, ebe tectonics na-arụ ọrụ nke ụwa na-eme na okpompe dị n'etiti na mantle convecting.<ref name="Moore" /> == Hụkwa == * Ike okpomọkụ ala * Ndagwurugwu okpomọkụ * Ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbara ala * Akụkọ okpomọkụ nke ụwa * [[Okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ|Okpomọkụ sitere n'aka mmadụ]] == Njikọ mpụga == == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Àlà]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jjysrmdt9ycoezsvs111wykwl6twycu 655982 655979 2026-06-17T08:00:24Z Chigozirim2005 19722 655982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mmefu ego okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa''' bụ isi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okpomọkụ nke ụwa. A na-eme atụmatụ na okpomọkụ na-esi n'ime ụwa gaa n'elu ya dị 47±2 terawatts (TW) <ref name="Davies2010">{{Cite journal|author=Davies|first=J.H.|date=22 February 2010|title=Earth's surface heat flux|volume=1|issue=1|pages=5–24|journal=Solid Earth|doi=10.5194/se-1-5-2010}}</ref> ma na-abịa site na isi mmalite abụọ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu: ''okpomọkụ radiogenic'' nke na-emepụta site na mbibi nke isotopes na mantle na mkpo, na okpompe mbụ fọdụrụ site na mmalite nke ụwa. <ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> Okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-aga n'akụkụ gradients geothermal na ike ọtụtụ usoro geological. Ọ na-akpali convection mantle, tectonics plate, ụlọ ugwu, metamorphism nkume, na mgbawa ugwu.<ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> A na-ekwukwa na nnyefe okpomọkụ na-agafe n'ime etiti okpomọkụ dị elu nke mbara ala iji kwado geodynamo nke na-emepụta ala magnetik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2010/explained-dynamo-0325|title=Explained: Dynamo Theory|publisher=MIT News|author=Morgan Bettex|date=25 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kageyama|first=Akira|title=Computer simulation of a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo. II|journal=Physics of Plasmas|date=1 January 1995|volume=2|issue=5|pages=1421–1431|doi=10.1063/1.871485}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Glatzmaier|first=Gary A.|title=A three-dimensional convective dynamo solution with rotating and finitely conducting inner core and mantle|journal=Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors|year=1995|volume=91|issue=1–3|pages=63–75|doi=10.1016/0031-9201(95)03049-3}}</ref> A na-anakọta data zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere oke okpomọkụ site na International Heat Flow Commission nke International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior. == Okpomọkụ na atụmatụ mmalite nke afọ ụwa == Dabere na ngụkọta nke ọnụego ịjụ oyi nke ụwa, nke na-eche na ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ime ụwa, na 1862 William Thomson, mgbe e mesịrị Lord Kelvin, mere atụmatụ na afọ nke ụwa dị nde afọ 98, nke dị iche na afọ nke ijeri afọ 4.5 nwetara na narị afọ nke 20 site na radiometric dating. <ref name="Taylor, S. R. 2007">{{Cite book|editor=Martin J. van Kranendonk|first=Stuart|author=Ross Taylor|title=Earth's Oldest Rocks (Developments in Precambrian Geology Vol 15, 2007)|chapter=Chapter 2: The Formation Of The Earth And Moon|pages=21–30|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIRpMW6gLm4C&q=%22chapter%202.1%22&pg=PA21|date=26 October 2007|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-055247-7}}</ref> Dị ka John Perry si kwuo na 1895 a variable conductivity in the Earth's interior nwere ike ịgbasa afọ nke ụwa ruo ọtụtụ ijeri afọ, dị ka e mesịrị kwado site na radiometric dating.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=England|first=Philip|title=John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics|journal=GSA Today|date=2007|volume=17|issue=1|pages=4–9|doi=10.1130/GSAT01701A.1}}</ref> mgbanwe conductivity dị n'ime ime ụwa nwere ike ịgbasa afọ agbakọtara ọnụ nke ụwa ruo ọtụtụ ijeri afọ, dịka e mesịrị kwenye site na mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị redio. N'adịghị ka ihe nnọchianya nke arụmụka Thomson na-emebu, a gaghị akọwa ihe mgbakwụnye ọkụ nke ụwa site na mgbakwunye nke redioactivity dị ka isi iyi ọkụ. Karịrị nke ọma, mantle convection na-agbanwe otú a na-ebugharị okpomọkụ n'ime Ụwa, na-eme ka echiche Thomson nke ịjụ oyi na-agafe agafe ghara ịdị irè. == Okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa == Estimates of the total heat flow from Earth's interior to surface span a range of 43 to 49 terawatts (TW) (a terawatt is 10¹² watts). One recent estimate is 47&nbsp;TW,<ref name="Davies2010">{{Cite journal|author=Davies|first=J.H.|date=22 February 2010|title=Earth's surface heat flux|volume=1|issue=1|pages=5–24|journal=Solid Earth|doi=10.5194/se-1-5-2010}}</ref> equivalent to an average heat flux of 91.6&nbsp;mW/m², and is based on more than 38,000 measurements. The respective mean heat flows of continental and oceanic crust are 70.9 and 105.4&nbsp;mW/m².<ref name="Davies2010" /> Ọ bụ ezie na mkpokọta okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-eruba n'elu dị mma nke ọma, ntinye aka nke isi mmalite abụọ nke okpomọkụ ụwa, radiogenic na primordial okpomọkụ, bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka nke ukwuu n'ihi na nha ha kpọmkwem siri ike. Ụdị kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ na-enye atụmatụ dị iche iche 15-41 TW na 12-30 TW maka okpomọkụ radiogenic na okpomọkụ mbụ, n'otu n'otu.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ọdịdị nke Ụwa bụ mkpo siri ike nke dị n'èzí nke nwere mkpo siri elu nke kọntinent na mkpo dị nro nke oké osimiri, ihe siri ike ma na-agagharị na plastik, isi mmiri dị n'ime, na isi n'ime dị n'etiti. Mmiri nke ihe na-adabere na okpomọkụ; ya mere, mkpuchi siri ike ka nwere ike ịgafe ogologo oge, dịka ọrụ nke okpomọkụ ya <ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> ya mere dịka ọrụ nke ikuku nke ụwa. Mkpịsị ugodi ahụ na-agbanye n'ihi okpomọkụ na-esi n'ime ụwa pụọ, na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eguzogide ihe na-ebili ma na-ajụ oyi, ya mere, mkpuchi ahụ na-ada. Mmiri a na-aga n'ihu na mantle na-akpali mmegharị nke efere lithospheric nke ụwa; ya mere, ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ ọzọ dị na mantle dị ala dị oke mkpa maka ọrụ nke tectonics plate na otu isi iyi nwere ike ịbụ enrichment nke ihe radioactive na mantle ala. Earth heat transport occurs by conduction, mantle convection, hydrothermal convection, and volcanic advection. A na-eche na okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-eruba n'elu bụ 80% n'ihi convection mantle, na okpomọkụ nke fọdụrụ na-esite na eriri ụwa. nwere ihe dịka 1% n'ihi ọrụ mgbawa ugwu, ala ọma jijiji na ụlọ ugwu.<ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> Ya mere, ihe dị ka 99% nke okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-efunahụ elu bụ site na ntinye site na eriri, na convection mantle bụ njikwa kachasị na mbufe okpomọkụ site na omimi n'ime ụwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime okpomọkụ na-esi na eriri kọntinent buru ibu na-esite na isi mmalite redio nke ime; N'ụzọ dị iche, eriri oke osimiri dị gịrịgịrị nwere naanị 2% okpomọkụ radieshon dị n'ime.<ref name="Turcotte" /> Okpomọkụ fọdụrụnụ n'elu ga-abụ n'ihi ikpo ọkụ basal nke jikọrọ ọnụ site na convection mantle. A na-ejikọta mgbanwe ọkụ na-adịghị mma na afọ nkume,<ref name="Davies2010">{{Cite journal|author=Davies|first=J.H.|date=22 February 2010|title=Earth's surface heat flux|volume=1|issue=1|pages=5–24|journal=Solid Earth|doi=10.5194/se-1-5-2010}}</ref> nke nwere oke okpomọkụ kachasị elu site na nkume kacha nta na etiti oke osimiri na-agbasa ebe (mpaghara nke uwe elu), dị ka a hụrụ na map zuru ụwa ọnụ nke okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref name="Davies2010" /> == Isi iyi nke okpomọkụ == === Okpomọkụ radiogenic === Mmebi nke radiation nke ihe ndị dị n'ime mkpuchi na mkpo ụwa na-ebute mmepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị isotopes na ntọhapụ nke geoneutrinos na ike okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ radiogenic. Ihe dị ka 50% nke okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa na-esite na mbibi radiation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How much of the heat dissipated into space by Earth is due to radioactive decay of its elements? About half is due to this "radiogenic heat"|url=http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2014/ph241/estrada1/|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|year=2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625114931/http://large.stanford.edu:80/courses/2014/ph241/estrada1/|archivedate=2017-06-25}}</ref> Isotopes anọ na-emepụta radiation na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ okpomọkụ radiogenic n'ihi ọganihu ha na isotopes ndị ọzọ na-emepụta radioactive: [./Uranium_&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 238" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uranium 238">uranium-238] (238U), [./Uranium_&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 235" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uranium 235">uranium-235] (235U), [./Thorium-&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 232" id="mw0w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thorium-232">thorium-232] (232Th), na [./Potassium-&#x3C;sup&#x20;id= 40" id="mw1Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Potassium-40">potassium-40]. N'ihi enweghị ihe nlele nkume site n'okpuru 200 km omimi, ọ na-esiri ike ikpebi kpọmkwem okpomọkụ radiogenic n'ime mantle dum, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ atụmatụ dị.<ref name="Korenaga 2011"><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2013-01-01|title=Geophysical and geochemical constraints on geoneutrino fluxes from Earth's mantle|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|language=en|volume=361|pages=356–366|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.001|issn=0012-821X|author=Šrámek|first=Ondřej}}</ref>&nbsp; Maka isi ụwa, ihe ọmụmụ geochemical na-egosi na o yighị ka ọ ga-abụ isi iyi ọkụ radieshon n'ihi obere mkpokọta redioaktivu a na-atụ anya ya na-ekewa n'ime ígwè. A na-ejikọta mmepụta okpomọkụ nke Radiogenic n'ime uwe mwụda ahụ na nhazi nke convection mantle, isiokwu nke arụmụka dị ukwuu, a na-eche na uwe mwụda ahụ nwere ike inwe usoro dị elu nke nwere ihe dị elu nke na-emepụta okpomọkụ na-emepụta ihe na uwe elu, ma ọ bụ obere mmiri mmiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ihe ndị na-eme ka redio na-agbasasị n'ime uwe ahụ dum. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Atụmatụ nke isotopes ndị na-emepụta okpomọkụ nke oge a <ref name="Turcotte">{{Cite book|author=Donald L. Turcotte|title=Geodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nCHlVuJ4FoC&q=primordial&pg=PA286|date=25 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66624-4}}</ref> !Isotope !Ịtọhapụ okpomọkụ ⁠W/kg isotope⁠<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span> !Ọkara <span style="font-size: smaller;">afọ</span><br /> !Nkezi nke mantle - kg isotope/kg mantle⁠<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span> !Ọkụ na-ewepụta ⁠W/kg mantle⁠<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span> |- |²³² |26.4×10−6 |14.0×109 |124×10−9 |3.27×10−12 |- |²³⁸ |94.6×10−6 |4.47×109 |30.8×10−9 |2.91×10−12 |- |40K |29.2×10−6 |1.25×109 |36.9×10−9 |1.08×10−12 |- |²³⁵ |569×10−6 |0.704×109 |0.22×10−9 |0.125×10−12 |} Ndị na-achọpụta geoneutrino nwere ike ịchọpụta mbibi nke ²³⁸ na ²³² ma si otú a nye ohere atụmatụ nke onyinye ha na mmefu ego okpomọkụ radiogenic ugbu a, ebe ²³⁵ na ⁴⁰ anaghị achọpụta. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a na-eme atụmatụ na ⁴⁰ ga-enye aka na 4 TW nke okpomọkụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi obere ọkara ndụ, mbibi nke ²³⁵ na ⁴⁰ nyere aka n'ụzọ dị ukwuu nke okpomọkụ radiogenic na mmalite ụwa, nke na-ekpo ọkụ karịa ugbu a. Nsonaazụ mbụ site n'ịtụle ngwaahịa geoneutrino nke ire ure radioactive site n'ime ụwa, onye nnọchi anya maka okpomọkụ radiogenic, wetara atụmatụ ọhụrụ nke ọkara nke ngụkọta nke isi iyi okpomọkụ dị n'ime ala bụ radiogenic, <ref name="Gando"> nke a kwekọrọ na atụmatụ ndị gara aga.&nbsp; Okpomọkụ nke mbụ bụ okpomọkụ nke ụwa na-efunahụ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ajụ oyi site na nhazi mbụ ya, nke a dị iche na okpomọkụ radieshon ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Okpomọkụ nke isi ụwa—ọkụ na-ahapụ isi na na-asọba n'ime uwe mwụda karịrị akarị—echere na ọ bụ n'ihi okpomoku izizi, ma a na-eme atụmatụ na 5–15 TW. Atụmatụ nke ọnwụ okpomọkụ nke mantle primordial dị n'etiti 7 na 15 TW, nke a na-agbakọ dị ka okpomọkụ fọdụrụ mgbe ewepụchara okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekwo ọkụ nke ụwa site na okpomọkụ a hụrụ.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ọdịdị mbụ nke etiti ụwa nwere ike ịkpata oke okpomọkụ na ọnwụ okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa, na ọnwụ okike ga-ebelata ozugbo mantle siri ike. Okpomọkụ na-esi n'isi ahụ apụta dị mkpa iji mee ka isi ihe dị n'èzí na geodynamo na ala magnetik nke ụwa; ya mere okpomọkụ mbụ sitere na isi ahụ mere ka ikuku nke ụwa nwee ike ma si otú a nyere aka ijigide mmiri mmiri nke ụwa. [[Faịlụ:Tectonic_evolution_of_Earth.jpg|thumb|Ọganihu tectonic nke ụwa site na ọnọdụ gbazere agbaze na 4.5 Ga, <ref name="Taylor, S. R. 2007">{{Cite book|editor=Martin J. van Kranendonk|first=Stuart|author=Ross Taylor|title=Earth's Oldest Rocks (Developments in Precambrian Geology Vol 15, 2007)|chapter=Chapter 2: The Formation Of The Earth And Moon|pages=21–30|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIRpMW6gLm4C&q=%22chapter%202.1%22&pg=PA21|date=26 October 2007|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-055247-7}}</ref> gaa na lithosphere otu plate, gaa na tectonics nke oge a n'etiti 3.2 Ga na 1.0 Ga &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]] Ike okpomọkụ mbụ na-abịa site na ike nwere ike ịpụta site na imebi nnukwu ihe n'ime olulu ike ọdịda, na Ike kinetic nke ihe agbakwunyere. == Okpomọkụ na-agafe na tectonic plates == Arụmụka banyere kpọmkwem ọdịdị nke mantle convectIo na-eme ka njikọ njikọ evolushọn nke mmefu ego okpomọkụ nke ụwa na ike na nhazi nke mantle sie ike iwepụ. E nwere ihe akaebe na usoro tectonics plate adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa tupu ijeri afọ 3.2 gara aga, nakwa na mmalite nke okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụwa nwere ike ịbụ nke advection site na mgbawa ugwu. Ihe ndị dị n'ụwa nwere okpomọkụ dị ala, dị ka [[Ọnwa]] na [[Maas|Mars]], na-eduzi okpomọkụ ha n'ime site na otu efere lithospheric, na okpomọkụ na-agafe, dị ka n'ọnwa Jupiter Io, na-akpata njem okpomọkụ advective site na mgbawa ugwu, ebe tectonics na-arụ ọrụ nke ụwa na-eme na okpompe dị n'etiti na mantle convecting.<ref name="Moore" > == Hụkwa == * Ike okpomọkụ ala * Ndagwurugwu okpomọkụ * Ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbara ala * Akụkọ okpomọkụ nke ụwa * [[Okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ|Okpomọkụ sitere n'aka mmadụ]] == Njikọ mpụga == == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Àlà]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5yuybykamds9g8u0y8nvs8yeaf4m2r5 0 76777 655991 2026-06-17T08:26:56Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346282169|Gretchen Daily]]" 655991 wikitext text/x-wiki    Gretchen C. Daily (amụrụ n'October 19, 1964) <ref name="dob">{{Cite web|title=Prof. Gretchen C. Daily|url=https://www.blueplanetprize.org/en/projects/2017prof_daily/prof_daily_intro.html|work=Blue Planet Prize Story|publisher=The Asashi Glass Foundation|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> bụ onye sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi nke America na onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. O nyere aka ịghọta ịdabere na mmetụta ụmụ mmadụ na okike, yana ịkwalite usoro nhazi maka ịtụle okike na iwu, ego, njikwa, na omume gburugburu ụwa. Daily bụ onye nchoputa na onye nduzi ngalaba nke Natural Capital Project, mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-achọ ịhazi ụkpụrụ nke okike n'ime mkpebi nke ndị mmadụ, gọọmentị, ndị na-etinye ego, ụlọ ọrụ, NGO, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ya na ihe karịrị ndị mmekọ 300 n'ụwa niile, ọrụ ahụ bụ ndị na-ebute ụzọ na sayensị, teknụzụ, na ngosipụta nke na-agụnye, mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Dabere na Mahadum Stanford, Daily bụ Bing Prọfesọ nke [[Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] na Ngalaba Biology na Mahadim Stanford, onye nduzi nke Center for Conservation Biology na Stanford, na onye isi na Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Daily bụ onye a họpụtara ahọpụta nke U.S. National Academy of Sciences, <ref name="nas">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20004880.html|publisher=National Academy|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> American Academy of Arts and Sciences <ref name="alphalist">{{Cite web|title=alphalist.pdf|url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/alphalist.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Science|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> na American Philosophical Society.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=gretchen+daily&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224522/http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=gretchen+daily&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|archivedate=4 October 2013}}</ref> Daily bụbu onye otu ụlọ ọrụ Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics na Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences na nke The Nature Conservancy . <ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ na Washington, D.C., Daily zụlitere na California na West Germany, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1982. Ọ laghachiri California wee nweta B.S. (1986), M.S (1987), na Ph.D. (1992) na biology sayensị si na Mahadum Stanford . <ref name="biog">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily - Stanford Woods Institute|url=http://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/gretchen-daily|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=26 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226080352/https://woods.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-c-daily}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1992, e nyere Daily Winslow/Heinz Postdoctoral Fellow na UC Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. <ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 1995, Daily ghọrọ onye sayensị nyocha Bing Interdisciplinary na Ngalaba Sayensị Biological na Mahadum Stanford . <ref name="cv" /> N'oge ya dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị nyocha, Daily jere ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems, akwụkwọ ntọala nke na-ewepụta usoro eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe taa maka ịghọta uru nke okike nye ndị mmadụ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ na ụzọ isi tụlee uru ha bara. Heinz Foundation kwuru na Ọrụ Nature's Service “ejeela ozi dị ka ihe atụ maka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ụwa ma bụrụ ihe na-akpalite UN.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment". Mgbe afọ 7 dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị nyocha, a họpụtara Daily ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na ngalaba nke sayensị sayensị yana dịka onye isi ibe na Institute of International Studies (ma na Mahadum Stanford) na 2002. <ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, Daily bipụtara akwụkwọ The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable na onye nta akụkọ Pulitzer-Prize Katherine Ellison.<ref name="cv" /> Kemgbe ahụ, o bipụtara akwụkwọ iri na abụọ ọzọ, gụnyere The Power of Trees (2012) na One Tree (2018) na Charles J. Katz, Green Growth that Works: Natural Capital Policy and Finance Mechanisms from Around the World (2019) na Lisa Mandle, Zhiyun Ouyang, na James Salzman, na Rural Livelihood and Environmental Sustainability in China (2020) na Jie Li, Shuzhuo Li, na Marcus Feldman. N'afọ 2005, a họpụtara Daily dị ka Prọfesọ Bing nke Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ngalaba Biology na Mahadum Stanford, onye isi na Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment ma mee ya onye nduzi nke Center for Conservation Biology na Маhadum Stanford.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2020, Daily na-eje ozi n'ọkwa atọ ndị a.<ref name="cv" /><ref name="biog">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily - Stanford Woods Institute|url=http://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/gretchen-daily|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=26 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226080352/https://woods.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-c-daily}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Daily (onye ndu ọrụ sitere na Stanford), ya na ndị mmekọ na The Nature Conservancy, na [[Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike|World Wildlife Fund]], guzobere Natural Capital Project. Ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ "imeziwanye ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ na mbara ala anyị site n'ịkpali itinye ego na okike". <ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, mmekọrịta ahụ gbasaa ịgụnye Mahadum Minnesota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, na Stockholm Resilience Center, yana ihe karịrị narị atọ na-arụkọ ọrụ.<ref name="ncp1">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Natural Capital Project - About|url=http://www.naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104012558/https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/|archivedate=4 November 2020|accessdate=3 November 2020|work=|publisher=Natural Capital Project}}</ref> Ngwá ọrụ ya, InVEST, bụ ihe na-emeghe, ya na ndị ọrụ mepụtara, ma jiri ya ugbu a na mba 185 kpughee ụkpụrụ nke okike na mkpebi ụfọdụ, yana ihe ize ndụ na ọnụahịa nke mfu ya. Dị ka onye nchoputa na onye nduzi ngalaba Stanford nke Natural Capital Project, Daily "na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nnọchi anya [nke nzukọ ahụ] nye ndị isi ego na gọọmentị. " N'afọ 2006, Daily ghọrọ onye otu ndị nduzi nke The Nature Conservancy.<ref name="sfd">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-daily|work=Natural Capital Project|date=17 January 2019|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="ncp2">{{Cite web|title=Natural Capital Project - People|url=http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/people.html#directors|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006024346/http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/people.html#directors|archivedate=6 October 2013}}</ref> Daily jere ozi dị ka prọfesọ nleta Humanitas mbụ na Sustainability Studies na Mahadum Cambridge na 2013. == Nnyocha == Profaịlụ agụmakwụkwọ kwa ụbọchị na Center for Conservation Biology na-ekwu na "Nnyocha sayensị kwa ụbọchị bụ na biogeography ime obodo na ọdịnihu nke mgbanwe dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ". <ref name="woodsprofile">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/CCB/cgi-bin/ccb/content/gretchen-daily|publisher=Woods Institute|accessdate=2013-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029233723/http://www.stanford.edu/group/CCB/cgi-bin/ccb/content/gretchen-daily/|archivedate=2013-10-29}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ, Daily kwuru na "'Countryside biogeography' bụ usoro echiche ọhụrụ maka ịkọwapụta akara aka nke ndị mmadụ, ụdị, na gburugburu ebe obibi na 'mpaghara' - ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto nke elu ala a na-ewubeghị nke ụwa bụ nke ụmụ mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na gburugburu ebe obibi."<ref name="interviewconservationbytes">{{Cite web|author=Bradshaw|first=CJA|title=Conservation Scholars: Gretchen Daily|url=http://conservationbytes.com/2008/09/27/conservation-scholars-gretchen-daily/|publisher=Conservation Bytes|accessdate=2013-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214720/http://conservationbytes.com/2008/09/27/conservation-scholars-gretchen-daily/|archivedate=2013-10-29}}</ref> Iji lanarị ndụ nke ihe ndị mmadụ n'ọdịnihu.<ref name="ef">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=Ecological Forecasts|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/35077178|journal=Nature|year=2001|volume=411|issue=6835|doi=10.1038/35077178|pmid=11357107|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="cbio">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=Countryside biogeography: Utilization of human-dominated habitats by the avifauna of southern Costa Rica.|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/1051-0761%282001%29011%5B0001%3ACBUOHD%5D2.0.CO%3B2|accessdate=25 March 2022|pages=1–13|date=2003|volume=11|doi=10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0001:CBUOHD]2.0.CO;2|issn=1051-0761}}</ref><ref name="cbtb">{{Cite journal|author=Horner-Devine|first=MC|title=Countryside biogeography of tropical butterflies|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01310.x|journal=Conservation Biology|accessdate=25 March 2022|date=2003|volume=17|pages=168–177|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01310.x}}</ref><ref name="coal">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=Countryside biogeography of Neotropical mammals: Conservation opportunities in agricultural landscapes of Costa Rica.|journal=Conservation Biology|pages=1814–1826|date=2003|volume=17|issue=6|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00298.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mayfield|first=M|title=Countryside biogeography of Neotropical herbaceous and shrubby plants.|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/03-5369|journal=Ecological Applications|accessdate=25 March 2022|pages=423–439|date=2005|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.1890/03-5369}}</ref> N'iji nchoputa sitere na nyocha emere na biogeography nke ime obodo, Daily, na ndị nyocha dị ka ya, na-anwa ịchọpụta ihe "ụdị kachasị mkpa na nchebe kachasị mma" na "gịnị bụ ntọala sayensị maka ikpebi" ịdị mkpa nke ụdị dị n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> Mgbe a jụrụ "Olee ụdị/usoro kachasị mma nchebe?" Daily zara ya na ọ "na-agbasi mbọ ike ijikọ mgbanwe a tụrụ anya na ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe 'ọrụ' nye mmadụ." Ọ gara n'ihu kpọpụta "mmepụta ngwongwo," "usoro nkwado ndụ," "ọnọdụ na-emezu ndụ" na "nhọrọ (dị iche iche mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu)" dị ka ọrụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi / ụdị na-enye ndị mmadụ. Iji mara ụkpụrụ nke okike na ihe ize ndụ na ụgwọ nke ọnwụ ya, ọ na-eme ka sayensị interdisciplinary nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, uru nke okike na ndị mmadụ.<ref name="tvn">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.289.5478.395|journal=Science|year=2000|volume=289|issue=5478|pages=395–396|doi=10.1126/science.289.5478.395|pmid=10939949|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="nsip">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems|date=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC|url=https://islandpress.org/books/natures-services|accessdate=25 March 2022|ref=35}}</ref> Dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Natural Capital Project, Daily na-eji nyocha ya eme ihe site n'ịrụ ọrụ "ya na ndị nwe ala nkeonwe, ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, ndị ọka iwu, ndị ọchụnta ego, na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị iji tinye nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime omume azụmahịa na iwu ọha." <ref name="biog">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily - Stanford Woods Institute|url=http://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/gretchen-daily|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=26 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226080352/https://woods.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-c-daily}}</ref> == Onye dere ya == === ''Igurube na Ogwu'' === N'akwụkwọ a, ya na Anne Howland Ehrlich na Paul R. Ehrlich, nke Yale University Press bipụtara na 1995, Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-eleba anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na inye nri ma na-enye atụmatụ maka ịhazi ọnụọgụ mmadụ na mkpa nri. Atụmatụ ha gụnyere imeziwanye ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị site n'inye ha agụmakwụkwọ nha anya, ibelata ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ajọ mbunobi okpukpe, imezi usoro ọrụ ugbo, na ibelata ọdịiche na-eto eto n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Stork and the Plow|url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300071245/the-stork-and-the-plow|accessdate=2022-11-29|work=Yale University Press|language=en-US}}</ref><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> === ''Ọrụ Okike'' === Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems ka Island Press bipụtara na 1997. ''Ọrụ Okike'' na-amalite site na mmeghe sitere na Daily nke akpọrọ "Gịnị bụ [[Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi]]" na ihe mmeghe ọzọ nke Harold Mooney na Paul Ehrlich nke na-achọ ịkọwapụta "akụkọ ihe mere eme" nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe mmeghe ahụ gasịrị, a na-ekewa akwụkwọ ahụ gaa na ngalaba anọ dị iche iche na-ekwu maka ihe dị iche iche nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Akụkụ nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu maka nsogbu akụ na ụba na-etinye aka na ịnye uru maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mbụ. Akụkụ abụọ na-esote na-akọwapụta ụdị ọrụ dị iche iche enwere ike ịnye site na okike, "Ọrụ karịrị" na "Ọrụ Ndị Major Biomes na-enye." Ngalaba ọrụ oke gụnyere akwụkwọ dịka "Bidiversity and Ecosystem Functioning" nke David Tilman dere, <ref name="tilmanarticle">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/93 93–112]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/93|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Ọrụ Ecosystem Wepụtara site na ala" nke Daily, Pamela Matson na Peter Vitousek <ref name="soilpaper">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=113–132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYJSziDfTjEC&q=Ecosystem+Services+Supplied+by+Soil&pg=PA113|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> na "Servizes Provided by Major System" nke Gary Nabhan na Stephen Buchmann's World's gụnyere "The Major Biomes and For Men Men" nke Main Worlds" nke Charles Charles<ref name="nabhanarticle">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/133 133–150]|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/133}}</ref><ref name="petersonandlubchenco">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/177 177–194]|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/177}}</ref><ref name="normanmyers">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=215–236|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYJSziDfTjEC&q=The+World%27s+Forests+and+their+Ecosystem+Services&pg=PA215|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Akụkụ ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe nke gosipụtara ọrụ dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche na-enye ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa. Ọmụmatụ gụnyere: "Mmelite ogo mmiri site na ala mmiri" nke Katherine Ewel <ref name="katherineewelpaper">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=329–344|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYJSziDfTjEC&q=water+quality+improvements+by+wetlands&pg=PA329|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> na "Ecosystem Services in a Modern Economy: Gunnison County, Colorado" nke Andrew Wilcox na John Harte. <ref name="gunnisoncountypaper">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/311 311–328]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/311|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Na njedebe nke akwụkwọ ahụ, Daily kwuru na "ntụle isi nke ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ a na-anwa iji uru gburugburu ebe obibi na ụdị akụkụ ha dị naanị ka ha na-enye uru, n'ụdị ngwaahịa na ọrụ na-akwado ndụ, nye ụmụ mmadụ" mana na "elekwasị anya adịghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla egbochi ime mkpebi na ndabere nke ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ."<ref name="naturesservicesconclusion">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/365}}</ref> Na nyocha ya nke akwụkwọ ahụ, James Salzman kwubiri na ''Ọrụ Okike'', n'adịghị ka mgbalị dị ka Iwu Ụdị Dị n'Ọnwụ, "na-ewere ụzọ dị iche iche, nke nwere ike ịdị irè karị, na-akpọ maka nkwenye doro anya nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi kpọmkwem uru dị na ya na-enye. Nkwenye dị otú ahụ nwere ike inye ihe ndabere dị mgbagwoju anya na nke siri ike maka ime ihe karịa ndị a tụrụ aro site n'otu ụdị ma ọ bụ ihe nchebe dị iche iche dị iche iche maka ihe dị mfe na mmetụta nke ọrụ ndị ahụ na ụmụ mmadụ dị ngwa ngwa na nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha."<ref name="valuingecosystemservices">{{Cite web|author=Salzman|first=James|title=Valuing Ecosystem Services|url=http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2238&context=faculty_scholarship|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref> === ''Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba Ọhụrụ nke Okike'' === The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable bụ nke Daily na Katherine Ellison dere ma Island Press bipụtara ya na 2002. Akwụkwọ a na-egosi ọmụmụ ihe dị iche iche ebe ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ gọọmentị nwere ike irite uru na mbọ nchekwa ha. Otu isiakwụkwọ na-akọwa otú New York si "kpebiri imezu ihe ndị gọọmenti etiti chọrọ iji melite ogo mmiri na ọnụ ala dị ọnụ ala, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-arụrịta ụka, nhọrọ nke ichebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mmiri site na ịzụrụ ala na oke mmepe, kama ịnakwere ngwọta nkà na ụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọtụtụ ijeri dollar."<ref name="karrow">{{Cite web|title=The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable - Katherine Ellison|url=http://www.katherineellison.com/_p_style__font__14pt_18pt_garamond__georgia__serif_color__1175a4___the_new_econo_40610.htm|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=29 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229043646/http://www.katherineellison.com/_p_style__font__14pt_18pt_garamond__georgia__serif_color__1175a4___the_new_econo_40610.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na isiakwụkwọ ọzọ na-enye "ntụle atụmatụ iji jikwaa na ibelata ikuku ikuku griin haus site n'ịmepụta usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịzụ ahịa carbon nke na-egosipụta na ahụmahụ US na mmetọ."<ref name="karrow" /> Kenneth Arrow kwuru na Daily na Ellison "depụtara usoro ọhụrụ iji mee ka nchekwa nke ihe onwunwe okike na-akwụ ụgwọ ma gosipụta n'ụzọ dị egwu na nke nyocha ọtụtụ ihe omume bara uru nke na-echekwa biosphere. "<ref name="karrow">{{Cite web|title=The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable - Katherine Ellison|url=http://www.katherineellison.com/_p_style__font__14pt_18pt_garamond__georgia__serif_color__1175a4___the_new_econo_40610.htm|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=29 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229043646/http://www.katherineellison.com/_p_style__font__14pt_18pt_garamond__georgia__serif_color__1175a4___the_new_econo_40610.htm}}</ref> Na nyocha ya nke akwụkwọ ahụ, Patrick Wilson kwuru na "Ihe kachasị dị ịrịba ama nke The New Economy of Nature bụ ozi ya dị mma, nwere nchekwube na nke a kpachara anya. " Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ahụ "na-ezere ụgha na ahịa bụ ihe ngwọta maka ihe ịma aka anyị na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi na, ọ bụrụ na a hapụrụ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n'enweghị nsogbu na azụmahịa ahụ ghara ịdị egwu" nakwa na "ọ na ihe ịma aka nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ejide ahịa, n'ihi nkwenye ego ya bụ naanị ihe ize ndụ na nchedo na nchedo dị mkpirikpi na itinye aka na nchedo ego"<ref name="nrj">{{Cite journal|author=Wilson|first=Patrick|title=The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. By Gretchen C. Daily & Katherine Ellison. Washington: Island Press, 2002. Pp. 260. $22.50 hardcover|journal=Natural Resources Journal|volume=44|url=http://lawlibrary.unm.edu/nrj/44/1/12_wilson_economy.pdf|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> === ''Uto ahịhịa ndụ nke Na-arụ Ọrụ'' === Green Growth That Works: Natural Capital Policy and Finance Mechanisms from Around the World ka Island Press bipụtara na 2019.<ref name="ggtw">{{Cite web|title=Green Growth That Works|url=https://islandpress.org/books/green-growth-works|work=Island Press|date=25 March 2019|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == Daily enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ dị elu n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere 21st Century Scientist Award (2000), The Sophie Prize (2008), The International Cosmos Prize (2009), The 16th Annual Heinz Award na-elekwasị anya na [[Mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ|mgbanwe ụwa]], Midori Prize (2010), Volvo Environment Prize (2012), Blue Planet Prize (2017), na Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2020).<ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="2012prize">{{Cite web|title=Valuation of natural capital awarded 2012 Volvo Environment Prize|url=http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/investors/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=129904&News.Language=en-gb|publisher=Volvo Group|accessdate=2013-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Heinz Awards: Gretchen Daily|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/gretchen-daily|work=The Heinz Awards|accessdate=August 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmental work earns Gretchen Daily the Blue Planet Prize|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2017/10/19/gretchen-daily-collects-blue-planet-prize/|work=Stanford News|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=December 14, 2017|date=2017-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Green policy leaders awarded 'Nobel Prize for Environment'|url=https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/green-policy-leaders-awarded-nobel-prize-for-environment/|work=ZME Science|accessdate=January 28, 2020|date=2020-01-27}}</ref> Ọ natara 2018 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award na ngalaba nke Ecology na Conservation Biology, ya na Georgina Mace jikọrọ aka maka ịmepụta ngwaọrụ dị mkpa na-eme ka iwu sayensị dị mfe "iji lụso ọnwụ ụdị ọgụ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbva.com/en/two-pioneers-fighting-against-species-extinction-receive-the-frontiers-of-knowledge-award/|title=Two pioneers fighting against species extinction receive the Frontiers of Knowledge Award|date=February 6, 2019|work=BBVA|accessdate=February 6, 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == Daily edeela, soro dee na / ma ọ bụ dezie akwụkwọ ise. Daily ebipụtala ihe dị ka 400 isiokwu ''Sayensị'' na ndị a ma ama. <ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> <ref name="biog">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily - Stanford Woods Institute|url=http://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/gretchen-daily|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=26 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226080352/https://woods.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-c-daily}}</ref><ref name="sfd">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-daily|work=Natural Capital Project|date=17 January 2019|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> O bipụtara edemede n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama, gụnyere Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Nature and Science . <ref name="cv" /> Ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha / ndị nwere mmetụta: * {{Cite journal|author=Snyder|first=J. A.|title=Global Consequences of Land Use|journal=Science|date=22 July 2005|volume=309|issue=5734|pages=570–574|doi=10.1126/science.1111772|pmid=16040698|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1111772}}<ref name="globalconsequencesoflanduse">{{Cite journal|author=Foley|first=J. A.|title=Global Consequences of Land Use|journal=Science|date=22 July 2005|volume=309|issue=5734|pages=570–574|doi=10.1126/science.1111772|pmid=16040698|url=http://rcin.org.pl/Content/31092}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=G. C.|title=ECOLOGY: The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value|journal=Science|date=21 July 2000|volume=289|issue=5478|pages=395–396|doi=10.1126/science.289.5478.395|pmid=10939949}}<ref name="valueofnatureandthenatureofvalue">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=G. C.|title=ECOLOGY: The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value|journal=Science|date=21 July 2000|volume=289|issue=5478|pages=395–396|doi=10.1126/science.289.5478.395|pmid=10939949}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Ricketts|first=T. H.|title=Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=16 August 2004|volume=101|issue=34|pages=12579–12582|doi=10.1073/pnas.0405147101|pmid=15306689}}<ref name="ecovalueofpollinators">{{Cite journal|author=Ricketts|first=T. H.|title=Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=16 August 2004|volume=101|issue=34|pages=12579–12582|doi=10.1073/pnas.0405147101|pmid=15306689}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen C|title=Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|date=1 February 2009|volume=7|issue=1|pages=21–28|doi=10.1890/080025|url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3030&context=faculty_scholarship}}<ref name="ecosystemservices">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen C|title=Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|date=1 February 2009|volume=7|issue=1|pages=21–28|doi=10.1890/080025|url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3030&context=faculty_scholarship}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Population, Sustainability, and Earth's Carrying Capacity|journal=BioScience|date=November 1992|volume=42|pages=761–771|doi=10.2307/1311995|issue=10}}<ref name="earth'scarryingcapacity">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Population, Sustainability, and Earth's Carrying Capacity|journal=BioScience|date=November 1992|volume=42|issue=10|pages=761–771|doi=10.2307/1311995}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 10ls0mx1uqdvvi47qa0nkndvr35l9m2 0 76778 656000 2026-06-17T09:07:14Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346109277|Decanter centrifuge]]" 656000 wikitext text/x-wiki centrifuge bụ ngwaọrụ nke na-eji ọsọ ntụgharị dị elu iji kewaa ihe ndị dị iche iche. Nke a na-aghọ ihe dị mkparị n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ebe a na-agwakọta ihe siri ike, mmiri na gas n'otu ngwakọta na nkewa nke usoro ndị a dị iche iche dị mkpa. A decanter centrifuge (nke a makwaara dị ka solid bowl centrifuge) na-ekewapụta ihe siri ike na mmiri na-esi na slurry, ya mere na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, kemịkal, mmanụ, na nhazi nri. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke decanter centrifuge, a ga-agbaso ụfọdụ heuristics nke na-adabere na ngwa enyere. == Ụkpụrụ ịrụ ọrụ == Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke centrifuge decanter dabere na nkewa site na ịnya ụgbọ mmiri. Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, akụkụ nke nwere njupụta dị elu ga-adaba na ala nke ngwakọta, ebe a ga-akwụsịtụ obere akụkụ ahụ n'elu ya. Ihe nkesa centrifuge na-abawanye ọnụego nke idozi site na iji ntụgharị na-aga n'ihu, na-emepụta ike G nke dabara n'etiti 1000 na 4000 G's. Nke a na-ebelata oge nhazi nke ihe ndị ahụ site na nnukwu ịdị ukwuu, nke a ga-edozi ngwakọta na mbụ na-ewe awa iji dozie n'ime ihe nke sekọnd iji decanter centrifuge. Ụdị nkewa a na-enyere aka karịa ngwa ngwa na njikwa. === Olee otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ === A na-agbanye ngwaahịa nri n'ime centrifuge decanter site na ntinye. Nri na-abanye n'ime efere kwụ ọtọ, nke na-atụgharị. Ihe mejupụtara efere ahụ bụ akụkụ cylindrical na akụkụ conical. Nkewa ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ na akụkụ cylindrical nke nnukwu efere ahụ. Ntughari ngwa ngwa na-ebute ike centrifugal ruo 4000 x g. N'okpuru ndị agha ndị a, a na-anakọta ihe ndị siri ike na njupụta dị elu na mgbidi nke efere ahụ. Akwụkwọ mpịakọta (nakwa ịghasa ma ọ bụ screw conveyor) na-atụgharị n'ime nnukwu efere ahụ n'ọsọ dịtụ iche. A na-akpọ ọdịiche ọsọ a dị iche iche ọsọ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, akwụkwọ mpịakọta ahụ na-ebuga ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị edoziworo n'akụkụ akụkụ cylindrical nke nnukwu efere ahụ ruo na njedebe conical nke nnukwu efere ahụ. Na njedebe kacha nta nke akụkụ conical nke nnukwu efere ahụ, mmiri siri ike na-ahapụ nnukwu efere ahụ site na oghere nkwụsị. Mmiri mmiri ahụ akọwapụtara nke ọma na-esi na diski paring (pump centripetal nke ime).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alfalaval.com/products/separation/centrifugal-separators/decanters/foodec/|title=Foodec|work=www.alfalaval.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-30}}</ref> === Nkewa nke atọ na decanter === Site na 3 frasi decanter centrifuge, ọ ga-ekwe omume ikewapụ usoro 3 n'otu n'otu n'otu usoro naanị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri mmiri abụọ na-enweghị ike ịgwakọta n'ihi njupụta dị iche iche (dịka mmanụ na mmiri) na-ekewapụ na akụkụ siri ike. Mmiri dị arọ (mmiri) na-anakọta n'etiti n'etiti mmanụ na oyi akwa siri ike. Ya mere enwere ike ịdọrọ mmiri mmiri abụọ ahụ kewapụrụ na ibe ya na decanter. A na-ebufe ihe ndị siri ike site na akwụkwọ mpịakọta gaa na oghere mgbapụta ka ọ na-eme kwa na nkewa nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hillerzentri.de/functioning-of-a-decanter-centrifuge.html|title=Functioning of a decanter centrifuge - Hiller separation & process|author=GmbH|first=Hiller|work=www.hillerzentri.de|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-30|archivedate=2018-08-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174312/https://www.hillerzentri.de/functioning-of-a-decanter-centrifuge.html}}</ref> Ihe eji eme ihe nke nkewa nke atọ bụ mmepụta nke Mmanụ ala na-eri eri dị ka Mmanụ oliv, nhazi mmanụ, mmepụta nke Biodiesel wdg. == Ihe ndị na-emetụta nkewa ahụ == === Nri, nnyefe na oge obibi === Site na nri ahụ, enwere ike itinye ihe nkewa a ga-edozi n'etiti ụlọ nke akwụkwọ mpịakọta ahụ, ebe a na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa. Ntinye ga-enwe mmetụta na Oge obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flottweg.com/product-lines/decanter/|title=Decanter {{!}} Solid-wall scroll centrifuges {{!}} Decanter Centrifuges|work=www.flottweg.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-30}}</ref> === Ịgba ọsọ === Nkewa nkewa na-erute oke ọsọ ya na nnukwu efere decanter, na-eme ka ihe siri ike dozie na nnukwu efere dị n'ime. Ihe e ji mara nnukwu efere bụ cylindrical/conical udi ya. === Ọsọ dị iche iche === Enwere ọsọ dị iche n'etiti efere decanter na akwụkwọ mpịakọta, nke a na-emepụta site na ngwa ngwa na centrifuges decanter ụlọ ọrụ. Ọsọ ọsọ dị iche iche na-ekpebi ịdị mma nke ihe siri ike na-apụ apụ n'ihe gbasara nkụ ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri.<ref name="Lemitec solid bowl centrifuge">{{Cite web|title=Working principles of a solid bowl centrifuge or decanter centrifuge|url=https://lemitec.com/en/technology|work=Lemitec GmbH}}</ref> === Nchịkọta olu / weir disks ma ọ bụ overflow weir === Ogologo ọdọ mmiri / diski mmiri Mmiri ahụ a nụchara anụcha na-aga na njedebe cylindrical nke efere ahụ na decanter centrifuge, <ref name="Lemitec solid bowl centrifuge">{{Cite web|title=Working principles of a solid bowl centrifuge or decanter centrifuge|url=https://lemitec.com/en/technology|work=Lemitec GmbH}}</ref> site na ebe ọ na-agbapụ site na oghere na mkpuchi efere. Oghere ndị a nwere diski weir na-agbanwe agbanwe / efere weir nke ọma site na nke enwere ike ịtọ omimi ọdọ mmiri dị na nnukwu efere ahụ. Ihe diski weir na-ekpebi oke njuputa nke nnukwu efere ahụ. == Ụdị ngwa dị iche iche == Isi ngwa nke decanter centrifuges bụ ikewapụ nnukwu ihe siri ike na mmiri mmiri na-aga n'ihu. A na-ejikwa ha na-asachapụ ma kpoo ihe siri ike dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka bead polystyrene, dokwuo mmiri mmiri na itinye uche siri ike. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere ihe atụ ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ na-eji decanter centrifuges !Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe !Ihe Nlereanya |- ![[Nhazi nri]] | * Ọba anụmanụ a na-eri eri * protein anụmanụ * Mgbapụta protein * Mmanụ osisi dị ka Mmanụ oliv na mmanụ akwụkwọ nri * Mmanya (nkọwapụta) * Mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi na mmiri akwụkwọ nri * M bụ protein * Mmiri ara ehi (nweghachi nke lactose, whey fines<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Haller|first=Nicole|title=Separation of Whey Protein Aggregates by Means of Continuous Centrifugation|journal=Food and Bioprocess Technology|date=June 2019|volume=12|issue=6|pages=1052–1067|doi=10.1007/s11947-019-02275-1}}</ref> na cheese fines, casein fractionation<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schubert|first=Thomas|title=Application of a decanter centrifuge for casein fractionation on pilot scale: Effect of operational parameters on total solid, purity and yield in solid discharge|journal=International Dairy Journal|date=September 2018|volume=84|pages=6–14|doi=10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.04.002}}</ref>) * Kọfị na tii * Pectin |- !Petrochemical/mmanụ | * Ịsacha * [[Mmiri na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị]] * Igwu olulu mmanụ * Ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ * Mmanụ ala a na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị n'otu |- !Ijikọghachi ihe mkpofuimegharị ihe | * Mmiri mkpofu nke obodo<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mailler|first=R.|title=Application of a laboratory screw decanter to evaluate sludge behaviour in mechanical thickening and dewatering: Preliminary results|journal=Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering|date=October 2021|volume=9|issue=5|doi=10.1016/j.jece.2021.106068}}</ref> * Ịsacha mmiri |- !Nhazi azụ | * Nri azụ̀ * Mmanụ azụ |- !Chemical | * Ọgwụ ahịhịa * Mmiri ọgwụ * Ethanol |- !Nhazi nke mineral <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Menesklou|first=Philipp|title=Scale-Up of Decanter Centrifuges for the Particle Separation and Mechanical Dewatering in the Minerals Processing Industry by Means of a Numerical Process Model|journal=Minerals|date=23 February 2021|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.3390/min11020229}}</ref> | * Ndị na-emepụta Bentonite na titanium dioxide * Kaolin ụrọ na nhazi calcium carbonate |- !ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal | * Ngwaahịa dị n'etiti na nke ikpeazụ |- !Ụlọ ọrụ polymer | * Thermoplastics dịka ọmụmaatụ PVC, rọba aka na eriri |- !Ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal na-adịghị eme ihe | * Ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha * Acid * Ngwaahịa Silica * [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|Nri]] |- !Nhazi Mmanụ Nuklia | * '''Thorium-234''' na isotopes nke '''Uranium''', site na usoro ihe mkpofu. <ref name="IAEA1970">{{Cite journal|author=Shimoura|first=K.|date=1970|title=De-watering of radioactive sludge by super-decanter centrifuge|url=https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:02005520|journal=Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan|volume=12|issue=10}}</ref>,<ref name="NEI1998">{{Cite news|title=Olkiluoto cleans up with centrifugal force|url=https://www.neimagazine.com/advanced-reactorsfusion/olkiluoto-cleans-up-with-centrifugal-force/|work=Nuclear Engineering International|date=30 July 1998|accessdate=25 February 2026|quote=With the Alfa Laval decanter and separator installed in the liquid waste treatment system of the plant, the quality of the water discharged into the sea can be improved by more than 80%.}}</ref> |} == Uru na njedebe karịa usoro asọmpi == N'ozuzu, decanter centrifuge nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa adịghị ike; Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ njedebe ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro ndị ọzọ. Ihe mgbochi: * Centrifuge decanter enweghị ike ikewapụta ihe ndị siri ike nwere obere ọdịiche dị iche iche, dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ na nje.[15] Usoro asọmpi nke nwere ike ike ikewapụ ihe ndị a siri ike ike ike ike kewaa bụ centrifuge tubular-bowl. * Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ike ime mkpọtụ ma nwee ike ịkpata ịma jijiji. * Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ike dị elu n'ihi ike G dị elu. * Centrifuge decanter nwere nnukwu ego na-efu. A na-achọ ihe nchebe siri ike na ihe nchebe maka mpịakọta iji belata nkwarụ ma si otú a belata mmezi nke mpịakọ ahụ. == Ihe osise ndị dịnụ == Ụdị decanter centrifuges bụ ntụziaka kwụ ọtọ, ntụziaka dị larịị na conveyor / scroll. Na vetikal decanter centrifuges, a na-agbanye mgbakọ na-atụgharị na kwụ ọtọ na ịdị arọ ya na-akwado site na otu ihe na ala ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụrụ site n'elu.[15] A na-akwụsị gearbox na efere site n'isi ụgbọala, nke ejikọtara ya na etiti.[15] Ntugharị kwụ ọtọ na-enye ohere maka oke okpomọkụ na / ma ọ bụ ọrụ nrụgide dị elu n'ihi ntụgharị na akara ntụgharị na-enye n'otu njedebe. Otú ọ dị, nke a na-eme ka ngwaọrụ ahụ dịkwuo ọnụ karịa centrifuge decanter nke kwụ ọtọ, nke na-enweghị nrụgide na-emeghe.[16] Na centrifuges decanter kwụ ọtọ, dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ 1, a na-agbanye mgbakọ na-atụgharị n'ahịrị na bearings na njedebe ọ bụla na etiti siri ike, nke na-enye ihe mkpuchi dị mma maka ngwa nrụgide dị elu.[15] Nri na-abanye n'otu njedebe nke bearings, ebe a na-ejikọta gearbox na njedebe nke ọzọ ma na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọsọ ọsọ dị oke egwu.[15] Ikike dị ihe ruru 40,000 pound (18,000 kg) nke ihe siri ike kwa elekere yana ọnụego nri mmiri ruru ihe ruru galọn US 300 (1.1 m3) kwa nkeji.<ref name="MiersOlson1977">{{Cite journal|author=Miers|first=J. C.|title=Bean protein separations using laboratory and continuous decanter centrifuges|journal=Journal of Food Science|volume=42|issue=2|year=1977|pages=367–369|issn=0022-1147|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb01500.x}}</ref> A na-ahazi igwe kwụ ọtọ n'ụzọ a ga-ewebata slurry n'etiti efere cylindrical na-agbagharị agbagharị.<ref name="MiersOlson1977" /> Ihe mpịakọta mpịakọba na-eme ka ihe siri ike gaa n'otu nsọtụ efere ahụ ka a na-anakọta ya na mgbidi. Ntuziaka a bụ atụmatụ a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. [[Faịlụ:Horizontal_Decanter_Centrifuge.png|center|thumb|500x500px|Ihe osise 1. Ihe osise nke Horizontal Decanter Centrifuge]] Na conveyor decanter centrifuges conveyor ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ mpịakọta na-abanye n'ime efere na-agbagharị ma na-ebu ihe siri ike ndị dị na mgbidi, na-akwagharị ha gafee osimiri gaa n'okpuru ebe ihe siri ike na-agbapụta. Conveyor na-enye ohere maka mmụba nke arụmọrụ nkewa na ikike nri. == Njirimara usoro decanter centrifuges == Usoro nkewa na decanter centrifuge na-adabere na njirimara usoro ole na ole dị ka ike centrifugal ma ọ bụ G-ike, ọnụego sedimentation na ihe nkewa, ọsọ dị iche n'etiti conveyor na efere, na nghọta nke mmiri. Decanter centrifuges chọrọ ike centrifugal maka nkewa nke ihe siri ike na mmiri. Njirimara a dabere na radius nke centrifuge na ọsọ ntụgharị ya. A decanter centrifuge na-etinye ike kwekọrọ na ọtụtụ puku G's, nke na-ebelata oge nkwụsị nke ụmụ irighiri ihe. A na-ahọrọkwa ịnọgide na-enwe nnukwu G-ike, nke ga-eme ka nkewa dị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hiller-us.com/sludge-dewatering.php|title=Sludge Dewatering Systems for Liquid/Solid Separation with a Decanter Centrifuge|publisher=Hiller Separation & Process|date=|accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref> Ọnụego nke sedimentation na-eme bụ ihe dị mkpa nke usoro nkewa nke decanter centrifuge. Ọnụ ọgụgụ sedimentation na-emetụta site na nha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, ọdịdị nke ụmụ irigbiri ihe, ịdị iche ha dị n'etiti ihe siri ike na mmiri na viscosity nke mmiri. Enwere ike imeziwanye usoro a site na iji ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mma. Ọnụ ọgụgụ sedimentation na-adabere na ihe na-ekewapụ decanter centrifuge, nke metụtara ike centrifugal.[15] Efere mpụta na ebufe akwụkwọ mpịakọta na-atụgharị n'ọsọ dị elu dị iche iche. Nke a dị iche iche ọsọ n'etiti abụọ bụ aza maka sedimentation dum decanter centrifuge cylinder. A elu dị iche iche ọsọ na-arụpụta a nta oge obibi nke achicha mmezi, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa na-na achicha ọkpụrụkpụ na a kacha nta iji zere imebi ihapu àgwà. Idobe oke achicha achicha ahụ na-enye aka n'ịkwalite usoro ịsa mmiri n'ime achicha ahụ. N'ihi nke a, ọ dị mkpa iji nweta ezigbo ọsọ dị iche iche iji dozie ọkpụkpụ achicha na ịdị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wx-separate.com/3zs/art42.htm|title=Products-Products|publisher=Wuxi Zhongda Centrifugal Machinery Co., Ltd.|accessdate=2013-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015052200/http://www.wx-separate.com/3zs/art42.htm|archivedate=2013-10-15}}</ref> Ihe dị n'elu ihe niile na-emetụta nghọta nke mmepụta mmiri nke na-adabere na volumetric n'ọnụego niile, ebe ọnụego dị elu ga-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha.[15] ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu ga-eme ka mmiri doo anya na-adịghị mma. Njirimara ọzọ nke na-emetụta nchapụta nke mmepụta mmiri mmiri bụ ọsọ dị iche iche. Ọsọ dị iche iche dị ala na-eme ka o doo anya ka mma, ya mere, na-enyere aka na usoro nkewa. G-Force na-ekerekwa òkè na nchapụta nke mwepu mmiri. G-ike dị elu na-ebute mmụba na nkewa nke ihe siri ike site na mmiri mmiri ma na-emepụta ihe doro anya. == Chepụta heuristics == Heuristics imewe bụ ụzọ dabere na ahụmịhe nke na-eje ozi maka ibelata mkpa mgbako n'ihe gbasara nha akụrụngwa, paramita arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ. Otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa imewe heuristics a ga-atụle mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ decanter centrifuges bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro. Ekwesịrị iji decanter centrifuges mee ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu. Nke a bụ iji kwalite uru akụ na ụba ebe ọ bụ na usoro ntanye anaghị achọ akụrụngwa dị oke ọnụ iji nweta ngwaahịa a chọrọ.[21] Ihe ọzọ heuristic chepụta a ga-atụle bụ ogologo na dayameta ruru nke decanter centrifuge. Ogologo ruo dayameta ruru 2, 3 na 4 na-ejikarị eme ihe. Decanter centrifuges nwere otu dayameta mana ogologo ogologo ga-enwe ikike dị elu maka ibufe ihe siri ike wee nweta oke nkwusioru, nke ga-eme ka edozi ya pụọ ​​​​n'ihe siri ike. Akụkụ osimiri na mpaghara conical nke decanter centrifuge bụ atụmatụ heuristic, nke a ga-eburu n'uche. Ike na-agbadata na-arụ ọrụ na ihe siri ike na ntụziaka nke ọdọ mmiri mmiri ahụ na-abawanye site na nnukwu ibu mgbe ihe siri ike si na ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụọ n'ụsọ osimiri. Centrifuge decanter nwere obere oghere cone nwere ike ịmepụta ike dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu oghere cone. Akụkụ cone dị ala bara uru mgbe ihe siri ike anaghị ejikọta nke ọma ma nwee ọdịdị dị nro. Tụkwasị na nke a, akụkụ cone dị ala na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na akwụkwọ mpịakọta ahụ ma baa uru mgbe ejiri ya na ihe siri ike na-achọ nnukwu torque iji gaa. A ghaghịkwa ịtụle oke ike centrifugal a na-eji eme ihe. Ike centrifugal na-enyere aka na mmiri ma na-egbochi ibugharị achịcha n'ụsọ osimiri kpọrọ nkụ. N'ihi ya, a na-enwe nkwekọrịta n'etiti mbufe achịcha na mbufe mmiri. Nkwado n'etiti abụọ ahụ dị mkpa maka ịtọ ọdọ mmiri na G-ike maka otu ngwa.[15] Tụkwasị na nke a, centrifuge buru ibu ga-emepụta nkewa ka mma karịa obere centrifuge nwere otu ọsọ iko dịka a ga-emepụta G-ike ka ukwuu. Na mpaghara cylindrical nke decanter centrifuge, ọdọ mmiri ahụ kwesịrị ịdị omimi iji mee ka G-ike dịkwuo ukwuu maka nkewa. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọdọ mmiri miri emi bara uru mgbe okpokoro achịcha ahụ dị oke arọ na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị nro na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-asọsi ike ebe ọ bụ na okpokoro mmiri dị arọ dị iji nyere aka dozie ihe siri ike. A ga-atụle nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na nghọta nke etiti. Ihe kpatara nkwekọrịta a bụ na n'ịhapụ ezigbo ihe siri ike iji nọrọ n'etiti, achịcha nwere ụmụ irighiri ihe buru ibu nwere ike iwepụ mmiri n'ụzọ dị irè nke na-eme ka achịcha kpọọ nkụ. A ga-achọpụta ọdọ mmiri kachasị mma maka otu ngwa site na ịme ule.[15] Heuristic ọzọ dị mkpa bụ ọsọ dị iche, nke na-achịkwa njem achicha. Nnukwu ọsọ dị iche iche ga-eme ka nnukwu ihe siri ike. Nnukwu ọsọ dị iche na-ebelata oge obibi achịcha.[15] == Usoro ọgwụgwọ == Mmepụta nke iyi mkpofu dị obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmepụta usoro zuru oke; Otú ọ dị, ọ ka nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ nsogbu dị mkpa. Nke mbụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mkpofu na usoro ahụ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ dịnụ iji mee ihe maka usoro ahụ. Ihichapụ mmanụ kpọmkwem n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike imerụ gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ọgwụgwọ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-etinye na ngwaahịa mkpofu kwesịrị ịdabere na ngwaahịa a na-agwọ agwọ. Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịdị site na inweta ngwaahịa nke enwere ike ịhapụ n'enweghị nsogbu, megharịa ya n'ime usoro nhazi ma ọ bụ chọọ mmiri zuru oke iji mee ihe ọzọ na usoro ahụ. Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ na-adịgasị iche n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche ebe iji rụọ ọrụ dị irè na nke dị ọnụ ala; a ghaghị ịhazi decanter centrifuge maka ọrụ dị n'aka. N'ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta nri, a na-eji decanter centrifuges eme ihe na igwe na-ewepụta mmanụ. Ngwunye na-ewepụta mmanụ nwere ike ịhazi ihe ruru tọn iri na ise kwa elekere nke ihe mkpofu ma na-ahụ ma ọ bụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na mpụga ma ọ bụrụ na emepụtara ya maka ihu igwe. Ihe mkpofu ahụ na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-abanye ma mee ka ọ dị nro n'ime apịtị nke a na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ. Ngwakọta a na-abanye na decanter centrifuge atọ, nke a makwaara dị ka tricanter centrifuge. A tricanter centrifuge na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ yiri nke decanter centrifuges ma kama na-ekewa usoro atọ, nke nwere usoro siri ike na mmiri abụọ na-adịghị agwakọta.[15] Sedimentation nke ihe ndị a kwụsịtụrụ na-eme dị ka o kwesịrị ebe ha na-agbakọta na mgbidi nke efere ma na-ebupụ ha na centrifuge. A na-ekewa usoro mmiri abụọ ahụ site na iji usoro mbupụ abụọ ebe a na-ekewarị usoro mmiri dị mfe dị ka mmanụ, n'elu mgbanaka mgbochi site na ike ndọda, na mmiri, nke na-abụkarị usoro mmiri dị arọ, na-ewepụ site na iji ihe na-akwụsị n'okpuru nrụgide. A na-ekesa nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe atọ ahụ, ihe siri ike, mmanụ na mmiri, na tankị nchekwa dị iche iche. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ahụ maka teknụzụ nkewa nke igwe nke nabatara atụmatụ ọhụrụ ndị a n'ime ngwá ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ. Nkà na ụzụ a dị elu emeela ka decanter centrifuges rụọ ọrụ ruo 250 cubic mita kwa elekere <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flottweg.com/product-lines/decanter/|title=Flottweg centrifuges and decanter for solid-liquid separation|publisher=Flottweg}}</ref> ma mepụtala ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị ka Z8E decanter, nke a maara dị ka centrifuge decanter kasị ukwuu n'ụwa nwere ihe na-emegharị emegharị, nke na-enye ike nke 24,000 newton mita. Atụmatụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibelata oriri ike ruo pasenti iri atọ n'ihi nnukwu mwepu slurry, a na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri. == Ọganihu Ọhụrụ == Mmepe ngwa ngwa nke decanter centrifuge n'ime narị afọ nke 20 hụrụ ka ọ gbasaa n'ọtụtụ ngwa ọrụ mmepụta ihe karịrị 100. Mmepe ọzọ kemgbe ahụ ahụwo nhazi nke nhazi igwe na usoro nchịkwa, na-eme ka arụmọrụ ya dịkwuo elu, nke na-enye ohere ka usoro ahụ nwee ike ịzaghachi ngwa ngwa na ọnọdụ nri dị iche iche. Mmepe kachasị ọhụrụ na teknụzụ decanter centrifuge bu n'obi nweta njikwa nkwalite nke usoro nkewa na-eme n'ime decanter. Ụzọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-achọ iji dozie nke a bụ site n'iji ngwaọrụ arụ ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na akụkụ ntụgharị nke decanter centrifuge. Iji chịkwaa usoro nkewa ahụ, a ga-ebufe paramita arụ ọrụ site na akụkụ na-atụgharị gaa na akụkụ kwụ ọtọ nke decanter ka ọ na-ejikwa mgbe niile ma na-edobe ngwaọrụ igwe n'ime mpaghara usoro. Enwere ike nweta nke a site na iji sistemu hydraulic na eletrọnịkị na-ebufe. Igwe moto hydraulic na-adị mfe ịnweta mpaghara na-atụgharị nke decanter centrifuge. Akụkụ ọzọ nke mmepe n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya bụ mmejuputa usoro nchekwa ọrụ, na-achọ inye ebe ọrụ ka mma ma dị nchebe. Usoro nchekwa ọrụ dị ka nlekota anya nke SIL-2 na-echebe ma ndị ọrụ na igwe site n'ime ka mmechi nchekwa dị mfe tupu ihe atụ, ịma jijiji eruo n'ókè dị ize ndụ na usoro nchekwa ndị ọzọ. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3ajiy4pauijd9lg5u9bd3i86nq9lit1