Bimbo Ademoye

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    <title>Bimbo Ademoye</title>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

Bimbo Ademoye {{Audio|Yo-Bimbo Ademoye.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ 4 Febrụwarị 1991), bụ onye na '''-eme ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa.''' A họpụtara ya maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na usoro ihe ochi/ihe nkiri na Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards na 2018, maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Backup Wife (''

== Ndụ nwata na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Bimbo Ademoye na February 4, 1991, na [[Lagos]], Southwest [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/09/bimbo-ademoye-marks-birthday-in-style/|title=Bimbo Ademoye Marks Birthday in Style|work=ThisDay|accessdate=2019-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghafla.com/ng/actress-bimbo-ademoye-celebrates-her-birthday-with-stunning-photos/|title=Actress Bimbo Ademoye celebrates her birthday with stunning photos|date=2019-02-09|accessdate=2019-02-09|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013202826/http://www.ghafla.com/ng/actress-bimbo-ademoye-celebrates-her-birthday-with-stunning-photos/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị site na Mayflower School ma bụrụ alumna nke Mahadum Covenant ebe ọ mụrụ nchịkwa azụmahịa . N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''akwụkwọ akụkọ The Punch'', o kwuru na ọ bụ naanị nna zụlitere ya bu onye na_akwado ya na ọrụ ọ họọrọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/my-dad-took-me-to-my-first-audition-bimbo-ademoye/|title=My dad took me to my first audition – Bimbo Ademoye|date=2018-09-16|work=The Punch|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Daily Independent'', Bimbo Ademoye kwuru na ọrụ ime ihe ijiri bidoro n'afọ 2014 mgbe a tụrụ ya n'ime obere ihe nkiri ''Where Talent Lies'' . Ihe nkiri a nwetara otuto sitere na mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;di&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ng/dont-enjoy-single/|title=I Don't Enjoy Being Single – Bimbo Ademoye|date=2017-11-25|work=Daily Independent|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kọwara Uduak Isong dịka onye ndụmọdụ ya, onye nyeere ya aka ịbanye na ụlọ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;di&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/between-bimbo-ademoye-and-isong-uduak-oguamanam/|title=BETWEEN BIMBO ADEMOYE AND ISONG UDUAK OGUAMANAM|date=December 7, 2018|work=City People|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 2015, etinyere Ademoye na fim izizi ''ya About your Husband'', nke Isong mekwara. &lt;ref name=&quot;nation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/bimbo-ademoye-ill-never-lobby-to-win-awards/|title=BIMBO ADEMOYE: I’ll never lobby to win awards|author=AYINLA-OLASUKANMI|first=DUPE|date=November 10, 2018|work=The Nation|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime mkpokọta 2018 nke ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Premium Times dere'', edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ise buru amụma na ha ga -enwe ọrụ na -aga nke ọma tupu afọ agwụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;pt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/254580-five-nollywood-stars-watch-2018.html|title=Five Nollywood stars to watch out for in 2018|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-01-05|work=Premium Times|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'April 2018, ya na [[Stella Damasus|Stella Damasus rụkọrọ ọrụ]] na ''Gone'', nke Daniel Ademinokan duziri. Ademoye kọwara ka ya na Damasus na -arụkọ ọrụ dịka oge mkpali nke ọrụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/working-with-stella-boosted-my-morale-bimbo-ademoye/|title=Working with Stella boosted my morale, Bimbo Ademoye|author=Adesanya|first=Samuel|date=April 24, 2018|work=Nation|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2018 City People Movie Awards, a họpụtara ya maka Mkpughe nke Afọ, Onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha ebido. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/|title=Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST]|date=2018-09-08|work=City People|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Bimbo na ''Backup Wife'' mekwara ya nhọpụta maka Onye Ndú kacha mma na 2018 Nigeria Entertainment Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nea-2018-omotola-jalade-funke-akindele-and-odunlade-adekola-nominated-for-nigerian/e3khb67|title=Omotola Jalade, Funke Akindele and Odunlade Adekola nominated for Nigerian Entertainment Awards|work=Pulse|accessdate=2019-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natakwala nhọpụta abụọ dị iche na 2018 Best of Nollywood Awards maka ọrụ ya na ''Personal Assistant,'' na -emeri nturu ugo maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ nkwado na inweta nhọpụta maka Kiss kacha mma na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;bon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2018-mercy-aigbe-tana-adelana-shine-at-10th-edition/v9fvvnn|title=BON Awards 2018: Mercy Aigbe, Tana Adelana shine at 10th edition|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=2018-12-12|work=Pulse|accessdate=2019-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ụlọ mgbasa ozi akọwala Bimbo Ademoye dị ka akara ngosi ama ama. &lt;ref name=&quot;zumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zumi.ng/fashion/why-bimbo-ademoye-is-the-underrated-style-star-we-all-need-to-watch/|title=Why Bimbo Ademoye Is The Underrated Style Star We All Need To Watch|author=OBIUWEVBI|first=JENNIFER|date=2018-12-10|work=Zumi|accessdate=2019-02-08|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124535/https://www.zumi.ng/fashion/why-bimbo-ademoye-is-the-underrated-style-star-we-all-need-to-watch/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/10-hot-new-nollywood-divas-to-look-out-for.html|title=10 hot, new Nollywood divas to look out for|author=Matazu|first=Hafsah Abubakar|work=Daily Trust Newspaper|accessdate=2019-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Girlfriends'' (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/kabat-esosa-egbon-cast-bimbo-ademoye-rekiya-yusuf-for-girlfriends/t1q7pse|title=Kabat Esosa Egbon cast Bimbo Ademoye, Rekiya Yusuf, for a new movie, ‘Girlfriends’|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|accessdate=2019-02-06|archivedate=2019-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203203401/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/kabat-esosa-egbon-cast-bimbo-ademoye-rekiya-yusuf-for-girlfriends/t1q7pse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''The Family'' (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/get-the-scoop-on-judith-audus-new-film-the-family-starring-tina-mba-bimbo-ademoye-mofe-duncan-omowunmi-dada-beverly-osu/|title=Get the Scoop on Judith Audu's New Film &quot;The Family&quot; starring Tina Mba, Bimbo Ademoye, Mofe Duncan, Omowunmi Dada, Beverly Osu|date=2019-02-05|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=2019-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Kamsi'' (2018)
* ''Getting Over Him'' (2018) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/getting-over-him-bimbo-ademoye-deyemi-okanlawon-monalisa-chinda-attend-premiere/89zjkjp|title=Bimbo Ademoye, Deyemi Okanlawon, Monalisa Chinda attend premiere [Photos]|date=January 23, 2018|work=Pulse|accessdate=2019-02-09|archivedate=2021-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022170356/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/getting-over-him-bimbo-ademoye-deyemi-okanlawon-monalisa-chinda-attend-premiere/89zjkjp}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Light in the Dark'' (2018)
* ''Personal Assistant'' (2018) &lt;ref name=&quot;bon&quot;/&gt;
* ''Desperate House girls''  &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;/&gt;
* ''Gone'' (2018) &lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot;/&gt;
* ''Last Days'' &lt;ref name=&quot;zumi&quot;/&gt;
* ''The Backup Wife'' &lt;ref name=&quot;pt&quot;/&gt;
* ''Diary of a Crazy Nigerian Woman'' &lt;ref name=&quot;pt&quot; /&gt;
* ''It's About Your Husbandị'' &lt;ref name=&quot;pt&quot; /&gt;
* ''Charmed''&lt;ref name=&quot;zumi&quot; /&gt;
* ''Rofia Tailor Loran'' &lt;ref name=&quot;nation&quot;/&gt;
* ''This is it'' (2016)
* ''[[My Wife &amp; I (2017 film)|My Wife $ I]]'' (2017)
* ''Looking for Baami'' (2019)
* ''Feels like Heaven''(2019)
* ''Reach'' (2019)
* ''Special Package'' (2019)
* ''Sugar Rush (ihe nkiri 2019)''
* ''Dear Affy'' (2020)
* Reach (2020)
*  ''(2020)''
* Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020)
* ''Creepy Lives Here'' (2021)
* ''Breaded Life'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-16|title=New Nollywood comedy ‘Breaded Life’ hits cinemas|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/455641-new-nollywood-comedy-breaded-life-hits-cinemas.html|accessdate=2021-04-20|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nhoputa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Event
!Category 
!Result 
!Ref
|-
|2017
|[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Revelation of the Year –female
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-11-23|title=BON Awards 2017: Kannywood’s Ali Nuhu receives Special Recognition Award|url=https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award|access-date=2021-10-07|website=Daily Trust|language=en|accessdate=2021-10-13|archivedate=2021-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007214920/https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Best supporting actress
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-10|title=BON Awards 2018: Tope Oshin, Tana Adelana win big|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/300174-bon-awards-2018-tope-oshin-tana-adelana-win-big.html|access-date=2020-10-05|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Kiss in a Movie
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-09|title=BON Awards 2018: Mercy Aigbe, Tana Adelana shine at 10th edition|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2018-mercy-aigbe-tana-adelana-shine-at-10th-edition/v9fvvnn|access-date=2019-12-23|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[City People Entertainment Awards|City People Movie Award]]
|Most Featured Actress In Cinema Movies
|{{won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|[[AMVCA]]
|Actress in a Comedy (Movie/TV Series)
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-09|title=Nigerian actress Bimbo Ademoye celebrates AMVCA nomination|url=https://www.sidomexentertainment.com/latest-naija-celebrity-news/nigeria-entertainment-news/nigerian-actress-bimbo-ademoye-celebrates-amvca-nomination/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Sidomex Entertainment|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role (English)|Best Actress in a Supporting Role (English)
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-12-07|title=BON Awards: Laura Fidel, Kunle Remi win Best Kiss (Full List of Winners)|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/429916-bon-awards-laura-fidel-kunle-remi-win-best-kiss-full-list-of-winners.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-13|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Nsidee ==
 {{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|8673980}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ademoye, Bimbo}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
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'''Fade Ogunro''' bụ onye nwere àgwà nakwa ànó n'ikuku, onye na-egosi redio na ihe onyonyo, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na onye mmebe ejiji. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Bookings Africa, onye na-eweta ọrụ nka n'ịntanetị na Africa. Ọ bụ onye Ekiti steeti dị na mpaghara South West na mba Naijiria. Ọ na-asụ asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], French nakwa Spanish . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africamusiclaw.com/amls-nigerian-women-in-entertainment-video-fade-ogunro-shares-insight-on-her-video-production-company/|title=AML's Nigerian Women in Entertainment: (Video) Fade Ogunro Shares Insight on her Video Production Company, Film Factory|date=December 9, 2013|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119132131/https://africamusiclaw.com/amls-nigerian-women-in-entertainment-video-fade-ogunro-shares-insight-on-her-video-production-company/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ==
Fade [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|Ogunro]] na ndị mụrụ ya hapụrụ Naijiria mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICYMI: E-banking faces threat as customers lose huge savings to fraudsters – Punch Newspapers|work=Punch Newspapers – The most widely read newspaper in Nigeria|url=https://punchng.com/before-stardom-with-fade-ogunro/e|accessdate=2020-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na ihe okike na Mahadum Roehampton, UK. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://woman.ng/2016/01/i-have-turned-30-its-time-for-me-to-focus-more-on-my-company-fade-ogunro-on-the-real-reason-she-left-radio/|title=&quot;I Have Turned 30...It’s Time For Me To Focus More On My Company!&quot; - Fade Ogunro On The Real Reason She Left Radio|date=January 20, 2016|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119140650/https://woman.ng/2016/01/i-have-turned-30-its-time-for-me-to-focus-more-on-my-company-fade-ogunro-on-the-real-reason-she-left-radio/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Google na UK. Ọ lọghachiri na Naijiria n'afọ 2010 wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na Redio Continental n'otu afọ ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka PM News, Guardian Newspaper, 234 Next na Beat 99.9 FM redio. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt; Ọ na-akwado ihe ngosi redio na ngwụcha izu na Beat 99.9FM. Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado ihe nkiri TV akpọrọ Glam Report. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na redio Beat 99.9 FM na 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/fade-ogunro-ex-oap-explains-why-she-left-radio/bdw7y6v|title=Ex OAP explains why she left radio|date=January 12, 2016|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119134527/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/fade-ogunro-ex-oap-explains-why-she-left-radio/bdw7y6v}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'April afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na iteghete ọ malitere ngwa ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Bookings [[Eluàlà|Africa]] . Ngwa ahụ na-enyere ndị sonyere aka ịchọ ndị nwere nka dị iche iche, rute ndị a, nweta ọnụ ahịa maka ọrụ ha wee jiri ụdị ọnụahịa ahụ na ndị na-enye ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ngwa ahụ nwere ụdị talent iri na anọ ma dịkwa na Nigeria, Kenya na [[South Africa]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Awodipe|first=Tobi|title=Fade Ogunro to revolutionise young entrepreneurs, pan-african marketplace with Bookings Africa - Nigeria and World News|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2019-11-16|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/fade-ogunro-to-revolutionise-young-entrepreneurs-pan-african-marketplace-with-bookings-africa-2/|accessdate=2020-08-14|archivedate=2020-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001012906/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/fade-ogunro-to-revolutionise-young-entrepreneurs-pan-african-marketplace-with-bookings-africa-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/26/fade-ogunro-launches-bookings-africa-for-talents-sourcing/|title=Fade Ogunro Launches ‘Bookings Africa ’ for Talents Sourcing|date=October 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://idafrica.ng/dayo-adeyelure-and-fade-ogunro-to-share-insights-at-neclive-7/|title=Dayo Adeyelure And Fade Ogunro To Share Insights At NECLive 7|date=April 21, 2019|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119132119/https://idafrica.ng/dayo-adeyelure-and-fade-ogunro-to-share-insights-at-neclive-7/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mybiohub.com/2016/04/fade-ogunro-biography-age.html/|title=Fade Ogunro Biography - Age|date=April 19, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nwe ya na onye isi mmepụta na FilmFactoryNG ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta vidiyo. Ọ na-emekwa ihe ngosi ejiji nke ya nke akpọrọ Fashion Friday na Fade. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iamschick.com/celebrity/schickwoman-fade-ogunro-is-the-mediapreneur-taking-over-africa/|title=#SCHICKWOMAN: FADE OGUNRO IS THE MEDIAPRENEUR TAKING OVER AFRICA|date=December 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ nwaanyị Africa mbụ inọ ọdụ n'oche Global Campaign Board of Cherie Blair Foundation màkà ụmụ nwaanyị ntọala na-enyere aka ịchọpụta ụmụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego na mba ndị dị ala na nke etiti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Cherie Blair Foundation appoints Ogunro on its global campaign board|url=https://guardian.ng/news/cherie-blair-foundation-appoints-ogunro-on-its-global-campaign-board/|accessdate=2021-11-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogunro bụbu onye ịgba bọọlụ . Ọ na-akwado Anthony Mmesoma Madu, onye ballerina dị afọ iri na otu nke vidiyo ya malitere na afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Brara|first=Noor|date=2020-08-19|title=In Lagos, a Homegrown Ballet Academy Leaps Into the Spotlight|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/19/arts/dance/lagos-ballet-school-viral-video.html|accessdate=2021-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ogunro bụ ada Sesan Ogunro Snr, otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ Mgbasa Ozi Mgbasa Ozi na Nigeria nke e gburu na 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-12-23|title=Ekiti Broadcasting Service boss, Ogunro killed in Lagos {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/151951-ekiti-broadcasting-service-boss-ogunro-killed-lagos.html|accessdate=2021-11-25|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne onye isi vidiyo Sesan Ogunro na ha na-arụ ọrụ mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ, Film Factory ọnụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eze|first=Mary Jane|title=Ex-Beat FM OAP, Fade Ogunro Speaks On How She Managed 'Two Husbands' At A Time|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/news/202741/ex-beat-fm-oap-fade-ogunro-speaks-on-how-she-managed-two-h.html|accessdate=14 September 2020|date=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ogunro bụ nwa nwanyị nke [[Sesan (video director)|Sesan Ogunro]] Snr, Otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ mgbasa ozi na Naịjirịa nke e gburu na  2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-12-23|title=Ekiti Broadcasting Service boss, Ogunro killed in Lagos {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/151951-ekiti-broadcasting-service-boss-ogunro-killed-lagos.html|accessdate=2021-11-25|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị onye nduzi vidio Sesan Ogunro na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ na mmepụta ihe, Film Factory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eze|first=Mary Jane|title=Ex-Beat FM OAP, Fade Ogunro Speaks On How She Managed 'Two Husbands' At A Time|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/202741/ex-beat-fm-oap-fade-ogunro-speaks-on-how-she-managed-two-h.html|accessdate=14 September 2020|date=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Hụkwa ==

* The Ascension (2face Idibia album)

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Fade Ogunro''' bụ onye nwere àgwà nakwa ànó n'ikuku, onye na-egosi redio na ihe onyonyo, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na onye mmebe ejiji. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Bookings Africa, onye na-eweta ọrụ nka n'ịntanetị na Africa. Ọ bụ onye Ekiti steeti dị na mpaghara South West na mba Naijiria. Ọ na-asụ asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], French nakwa Spanish . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africamusiclaw.com/amls-nigerian-women-in-entertainment-video-fade-ogunro-shares-insight-on-her-video-production-company/|title=AML's Nigerian Women in Entertainment: (Video) Fade Ogunro Shares Insight on her Video Production Company, Film Factory|date=December 9, 2013|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119132131/https://africamusiclaw.com/amls-nigerian-women-in-entertainment-video-fade-ogunro-shares-insight-on-her-video-production-company/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ==
Fade [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|Ogunro]] na ndị mụrụ ya hapụrụ Naijiria mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICYMI: E-banking faces threat as customers lose huge savings to fraudsters – Punch Newspapers|work=Punch Newspapers – The most widely read newspaper in Nigeria|url=https://punchng.com/before-stardom-with-fade-ogunro/e|accessdate=2020-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na ihe okike na Mahadum Roehampton, UK. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://woman.ng/2016/01/i-have-turned-30-its-time-for-me-to-focus-more-on-my-company-fade-ogunro-on-the-real-reason-she-left-radio/|title=&quot;I Have Turned 30...It’s Time For Me To Focus More On My Company!&quot; - Fade Ogunro On The Real Reason She Left Radio|date=January 20, 2016|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119140650/https://woman.ng/2016/01/i-have-turned-30-its-time-for-me-to-focus-more-on-my-company-fade-ogunro-on-the-real-reason-she-left-radio/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Google na UK. Ọ lọghachiri na Naijiria n'afọ 2010 wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na Redio Continental n'otu afọ ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka PM News, Guardian Newspaper, 234 Next na Beat 99.9 FM redio. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt; Ọ na-akwado ihe ngosi redio na ngwụcha izu na Beat 99.9FM. Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado ihe nkiri TV akpọrọ Glam Report. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na redio Beat 99.9 FM na 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/fade-ogunro-ex-oap-explains-why-she-left-radio/bdw7y6v|title=Ex OAP explains why she left radio|date=January 12, 2016|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119134527/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/fade-ogunro-ex-oap-explains-why-she-left-radio/bdw7y6v}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'April afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na iteghete ọ malitere ngwa ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Bookings [[Eluàlà|Africa]] . Ngwa ahụ na-enyere ndị sonyere aka ịchọ ndị nwere nka dị iche iche, rute ndị a, nweta ọnụ ahịa maka ọrụ ha wee jiri ụdị ọnụahịa ahụ na ndị na-enye ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ngwa ahụ nwere ụdị talent iri na anọ ma dịkwa na Nigeria, Kenya na [[South Africa]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Awodipe|first=Tobi|title=Fade Ogunro to revolutionise young entrepreneurs, pan-african marketplace with Bookings Africa - Nigeria and World News|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2019-11-16|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/fade-ogunro-to-revolutionise-young-entrepreneurs-pan-african-marketplace-with-bookings-africa-2/|accessdate=2020-08-14|archivedate=2020-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001012906/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/fade-ogunro-to-revolutionise-young-entrepreneurs-pan-african-marketplace-with-bookings-africa-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/26/fade-ogunro-launches-bookings-africa-for-talents-sourcing/|title=Fade Ogunro Launches ‘Bookings Africa ’ for Talents Sourcing|date=October 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://idafrica.ng/dayo-adeyelure-and-fade-ogunro-to-share-insights-at-neclive-7/|title=Dayo Adeyelure And Fade Ogunro To Share Insights At NECLive 7|date=April 21, 2019|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119132119/https://idafrica.ng/dayo-adeyelure-and-fade-ogunro-to-share-insights-at-neclive-7/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mybiohub.com/2016/04/fade-ogunro-biography-age.html/|title=Fade Ogunro Biography - Age|date=April 19, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nwe ya na onye isi mmepụta na FilmFactoryNG ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta vidiyo. Ọ na-emekwa ihe ngosi ejiji nke ya nke akpọrọ Fashion Friday na Fade. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iamschick.com/celebrity/schickwoman-fade-ogunro-is-the-mediapreneur-taking-over-africa/|title=#SCHICKWOMAN: FADE OGUNRO IS THE MEDIAPRENEUR TAKING OVER AFRICA|date=December 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ nwaanyị Africa mbụ inọ ọdụ n'oche Global Campaign Board of Cherie Blair Foundation màkà ụmụ nwaanyị ntọala na-enyere aka ịchọpụta ụmụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego na mba ndị dị ala na nke etiti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Cherie Blair Foundation appoints Ogunro on its global campaign board|url=https://guardian.ng/news/cherie-blair-foundation-appoints-ogunro-on-its-global-campaign-board/|accessdate=2021-11-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogunro bụbu onye ịgba bọọlụ . Ọ na-akwado Anthony Mmesoma Madu, onye ballerina dị afọ iri na otu nke vidiyo ya malitere na afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Brara|first=Noor|date=2020-08-19|title=In Lagos, a Homegrown Ballet Academy Leaps Into the Spotlight|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/19/arts/dance/lagos-ballet-school-viral-video.html|accessdate=2021-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ogunro bụ ada Sesan Ogunro Snr, otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ Mgbasa Ozi Mgbasa Ozi na Nigeria nke e gburu na 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-12-23|title=Ekiti Broadcasting Service boss, Ogunro killed in Lagos {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/151951-ekiti-broadcasting-service-boss-ogunro-killed-lagos.html|accessdate=2021-11-25|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne onye isi vidiyo Sesan Ogunro na ha na-arụ ọrụ mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ, Film Factory ọnụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eze|first=Mary Jane|title=Ex-Beat FM OAP, Fade Ogunro Speaks On How She Managed 'Two Husbands' At A Time|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/202741/ex-beat-fm-oap-fade-ogunro-speaks-on-how-she-managed-two-h.html|accessdate=14 September 2020|date=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ogunro bụ nwa nwanyị nke [[Sesan (video director)|Sesan Ogunro]] Snr, Otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ mgbasa ozi na Naịjirịa nke e gburu na  2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-12-23|title=Ekiti Broadcasting Service boss, Ogunro killed in Lagos {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/151951-ekiti-broadcasting-service-boss-ogunro-killed-lagos.html|accessdate=2021-11-25|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị onye nduzi vidio Sesan Ogunro na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ na mmepụta ihe, Film Factory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eze|first=Mary Jane|title=Ex-Beat FM OAP, Fade Ogunro Speaks On How She Managed 'Two Husbands' At A Time|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/202741/ex-beat-fm-oap-fade-ogunro-speaks-on-how-she-managed-two-h.html|accessdate=14 September 2020|date=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Hụkwa ==

* The Ascension (2face Idibia album)

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Bolanle Austen-Peters</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Bolanle Austen-Peters|website={{URL|bolaaustenpeters.com}}|title=|movement=|spouse=Adegboyega Austen-Peters|children=|parents=Father-[[Emmanuel Afe Babalola]] &lt;br/&gt; Mother-[[Grace Adebisi Babalola]]|family=|awards=|module=|style=|module2=|module3=|module4=|module5=|module6=|signature=|signature_size=|signature_alt=|height=&lt;!-- {{height|m=}} --&gt;|notable_works=|image=Bolanle Austen-Peters.jpg
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Bolanle Austen-Peters''' (amuru 4 February 1969), bu onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri Naijiria, na onye ọka iwu. Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Terra Kulture, ụlọ ọrụ nka na omenala Naijiria dị na [[Lagos]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;girl&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RYyk8XIbQDAC&amp;dq=Bolanle+Austen+Peters&amp;pg=PA47|author=Ibukun Awosika|year=2009|publisher=Xulon Press|pages=47–61|isbn=9781607915072|title=The &quot;Girl&quot; Entrepreneurs|authorlink=Ibukun Awosika}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ya na Ụlọ ihe nkiri, BAP Productions emepụtala egwu dị iche iche, nke gụnyere: ''Saro The Musical'', ''Wakaa The Musical'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/16/africa/wakaa-the-musical-bolanle-austen-peters/index.html|work=CNN|title=Stage sensation &quot;Wakaa!&quot; becomes first Nigerian musical to hit London|accessdate=16 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Moremi The Musical'', ''Fela na Kalakuta Queens'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/fela-and-kalakuta-queens-musical-coming-sa|work=Music in Africa|title=Fela and the Kalakuta Queens musical coming to SA|accessdate=21 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Oluronbi Musical'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenet.ng/bolanle-austen-peters-production-mtn-bring-oluronbi-musical-to-life/|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|title=Bolanle Austen-Peters Production &amp; MTN Bring Oluronbi Musical To Life|accessdate=12 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; nakwa nke ha mere na nso nso a a kpọrọ ''Death and the King's Horseman'' . Ọ mepụtakwara ihe nkiri, gụnyere ''[[93 Days]]'', ''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]'', Collision, and Man of God.

Ya na Google Arts &amp;amp;amp; Culture Institute na-arukọ ọrụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thisislagos.ng/google-terra-kulture-partner-to-showcase-nigerian-arts-and-culture/|work=This is Lagos|title=Google, Terra Kulture partner to showcase Nigerian arts and culture|accessdate=26 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; iji mepụta ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Terrakulture na ịntanetị.

Ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emeputa ma na-eduzi mmepụta ihe nkiri, onye ihe nkiri ya gara na London's West-end, South Africa na Egypt. ''93 Days'' na ''Bling Lagosians'' ka ahọpụtara n'ememme ihe nkiri gụnyere Toronto International Film Festival na Chicago International Film Festival .

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Austen-Peters mụrụ na 4 February 1969. Ọ bụ ada Emmanuel Afe Babalola, onye ọkaiwu ukwu nke Naijiria . &lt;ref name=&quot;girl&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp-africa.com/2014/11/06/terra-kulture-10-making-nigerian-art-culture-lifestyle-priority/|work=CP Africa|author=Demilade Oresanya|title=Terra Kulture @10: Making Nigerian Arts, Culture and Lifestyle a priority|accessdate=23 November 2014|archivedate=17 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917192518/http://www.cp-africa.com/2014/11/06/terra-kulture-10-making-nigerian-art-culture-lifestyle-priority/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Command Secondary Ibadan, International School Ibadan na Mahadum Lagos maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum ya wee nweta nzere masta na International Law site na London School of Economics and Political Science . &lt;ref name=&quot;girl&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Bolanle Austen-Peters malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ iwu nna ya, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nna ya, ọ nọgidere na-ezigara ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ akwụkwọ anamachọihe. Òtù United Nations kpọrọ ya òkù maka ajụjụ ọnụ ma mesịa nweta ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ nke United Nations High Commission for Human Rights na Switzerland. Mgbe obere oge gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na Òtù United Nations High Commission for Refugees na Òtù United Nations Development Programme . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-30|title=BOLANLE AUSTEN-PETERS: I would have been a dancer|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/bolanle-austen-peters-i-would-have-been-a-dancer/|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2003, ọ tọrọ ntọala Terra Kulture Arts and Studios Limited, ọgbakọ mmụta na nke ntụrụndụ e hibere iji kwalite asụsụ, nka na omenala Naijiria. Terra Kulture bụkwa ụlọ ihe nkiri ọgbara ọhụrụ nke mbụ e nwere na Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Custodian|first=Culture|date=2017-04-03|title=Nigeria's first privately owned theatre, Terra Kulture Arena is here.|url=https://culturecustodian.com/terra-kulture-arena/|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014)|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2013, Austen-Peters guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke ya nke a na-akpọ Bolanle Austen-Peters Productions (BAP). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ banyere n'ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Nigeria na mmepụta mbụ ya, SARO the Musical. Ihe ngosi ahụ gara Lagos, e wee mee ya na London's West End site na 21 ruo 25 Julaị 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meet The Team* {{!}} Terra Kulture|url=https://www.terrakulture.com/meet-the-team-2/|accessdate=2021-04-29|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006200324/https://terrakulture.com/meet-the-team-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 2017, Bolanle Austen-Peters duziri egwu Fela na Kalakuta Queens. Egwu a dabere na akụkọ ndụ nke onye otu egwu Naijiria ama ama na onye na-akwado egwu, Fela Kuti na ụmụ nwanyị ndị guzoro n'akụkụ ya. Bolanle Austen-Peters duzikwara Moremi the Musical na 2018, nke na-akọ akụkọ maka eze nwanyị Yoruba nke  senchiri iri na abụọ bụ onye gbaputara ndị Ife n'aka ndị iro ha.
[[Usòrò:Bolanle_Austen_Peters.jpg|thumb| Bolanle Austin Peters na ngosi Ọnwụ na onye na-agba ịnyịnya na TerraKulture, Lagos. 3 Jenụwarị 2021.]]
Na 2015, BAP malitere mmepụta ihe nkiri ''[[93 Days]]'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wakaathemusical.com/yahoo-news-smash-nigerian-musical-set-to-hit-london-stage/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=22 June 2017|archivedate=1 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701092553/http://wakaathemusical.com/yahoo-news-smash-nigerian-musical-set-to-hit-london-stage/}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2016), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/93-days-the-ebola-story-needs-to-be-told-bolanle-austen-peters/|title=93 days: The Ebola story needs to be told – Bolanle Austen-Peters|publisher=The Vanguard|date=28 August 2015|accessdate=10 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ihe nkiri nke gosipụtara etu Ebola si malite na Nigeria nke e mere ngosiputa ọha ya na 13 September 2016 na Lagos. A họpụtara ya maka igosi n'ọha mmadụ na Toronto International Film Festival, &lt;ref name=&quot;tiff 93 days&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tiff.net/films/93-days/|work=Toronto International Film Festival|title=93 Days}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chicago Film Festival, &lt;ref name=&quot;93 days Chicago Film Festival&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagofilmfestival.com/film/93-days/|title=Chicago Film Festival: 93 days|accessdate=22 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627072938/http://www.chicagofilmfestival.com/film/93-days/|archivedate=27 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pan African Film Festival na Los Angeles, &lt;ref name=&quot;93 days to screen at Pan African Film festival&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pan-African Film Festival: 93 days|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/pan-african-film-festival-93-days/|date=20 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Johannesburg Film Festival, &lt;ref name=&quot;93 days: The Movie that Brought Nigeria International Respect&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/01/20/93-days-the-movie-that-brought-nigeria-international-respect/|title=93 Days: The Movie that Brought Nigeria International Respect|date=19 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Africa Film Festival na Cologne/Germany, &lt;ref name=&quot;African Cinema Shines in the 24th Annual New York African Diaspora International Film Festival&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmcontact.com/news/united-states/african-cinema-shines-24th-annual-new-york-african-diaspora-international-film|title=African Cinema Shines in the 24th Annual New York African Diaspora International Film Festival|date=November 2016|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2021-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006160144/https://www.filmcontact.com/news/united-states/african-cinema-shines-24th-annual-new-york-african-diaspora-international-film}}&lt;/ref&gt; ahọpụtakwara ya maka ihe nrite RapidLion. &lt;ref name=&quot;RaipdLion Award Nominees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bsharpentertainment.co.za/theatre/rapidlion-award-nominees|title=RapidLion Award Nominees|work=Bsharp Entertainment|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2019-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101190023/http://www.bsharpentertainment.co.za/theatre/rapidlion-award-nominees}}&lt;/ref&gt; o nwetakwara nhọpụta kachasị elu na 2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards, o nwere nhọpụta iri na atọ, ma mechaa nweta ihe nrite maka onye na-emepụta ọkụ kacha mma. &lt;ref name=&quot;93 Days Top AMVCA Award Nominations List&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://guardian.ng/life/events/93-days-top-amvca-award-nominations-list-with-13-nominations/|title=93 Days Top AMVCA Award Nominations List|work=The Guardian|date=16 December 2016|accessdate=5 April 2022|archivedate=6 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006211708/https://guardian.ng/life/events/93-days-top-amvca-award-nominations-list-with-13-nominations/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/93-days-and-76-lead-the-amvca-2017-nominations-a-trip-to-jamaica-shows-up-too/|title='93 Days' And '76' Lead The AMVCA 2017 Nominations – 'A Trip To Jamaica' Shows Up Too|accessdate=22 June 2017|archivedate=1 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701094052/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/93-days-and-76-lead-the-amvca-2017-nominations-a-trip-to-jamaica-shows-up-too/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/03/05/76-wins-five-awards-amvca-2017-see-full-list-winners/|title=Nigeria: '93 Days' Gets Highest Nominations in 2017 Amaa List|publisher=Daily Trust|work=Daily Post|date=5 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''93 Days'' ka a họpụtara na ngalaba asaa maka 2017 African Movie Academy Awards, nke bụ ihe nkiri kachasị elu na 2017 AMAA. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nigeria:&quot; '93days'=&quot;&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201705160082.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=22 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711061145/http://allafrica.com/stories/201705160082.html|archivedate=11 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2019, BAP Productions weputara ''The Bling Lagosians'', ihe nkiri banyere ndụ nke klas dị elu nke Lagos. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-18|title='The Bling Lagosians' is a much better film than you think it is|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-bling-lagosians-is-a-much-better-film-than-you-think-it-is/sxr7fbs|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006201853/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-bling-lagosians-is-a-much-better-film-than-you-think-it-is/sxr7fbs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E gosila ya ugboro atọ n'usoro na Forbes Afrique dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kacha nwee mmetụta na Africa. CNN kọwakwara ya dị ka 'nwanyị na-asụ ụzọ ihe nkiri na Nigeria' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2017/10/20/marketplace-africa-the-woman-powering-nigerias-theater-industry-a.cnn/video/playlists/africa/|work=CNN Marketplace Africa|title=The woman powering Nigeria's theater industry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! Ihe nrite
! Otu
! Ọrụ
! Nsonaazụ
! Ref
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2022
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Nhọrọ nke Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
| Ihe nkiri kacha mma West Africa
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Agụmakwụkwọ ndakọrịta''|{{pending}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021|accessdate=2022-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Ihe nkiri N'ozuzu kacha mma |{{pending}}
|-
| Onye nduzi kacha mma|{{pending}}
|}

== Ndụ onwe ==
Ọ lụrụ Adegboyega Austen-Peters, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/society/bolanle-austen-peters-steps-out-with-hubby/|title=Bolanle Austen-Peters steps out with hubby|publisher=The Punch|accessdate=23 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ha nwere ụmụ abụọ.

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Austen-Peters, Bolanie}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Andrew Dosunmu</title>
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'''Andrew Dosunmu''' bụ onye Naijiria na-ese foto na onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ onye bịara bụrụ onye ama ama na United States mgbe ọ duziri vidiyo egwu maka ndị na-agu egwu dị iche iche nke gụnyere Isaac Hayes, Angie Stone, Common, Tracy Chapman, Wyclef Jean, Kelis, Aaron Neville, Talib [[Kelis|Kweli]], na Maxwell .&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hautefashionafrica.com/art/andrew-dosunmu/|title=Andrew Dosunmu|publisher=hautefashionafrica.com|date=27 February 2008|accessdate=7 December 2011|archivedate=25 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225063053/http://www.hautefashionafrica.com/art/andrew-dosunmu/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri e mere n'afọ 2011 nke a kpọrọ Restless City, nke malitere na 2011 Sundance Film Festival .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.restlesscityfilm.com/|title=Restless City: A Film by Andrew Dosunmu|publisher=Restlesscityfilm.com|date=|accessdate=7 December 2011|archivedate=6 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206073730/http://www.restlesscityfilm.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ya ọzọ, nke e mere n'afọ 2013 a kpọrọ Mother of George, malitekwara na Sundance, ma bụrụ nhọrọ ikpeazụ maka Maryland Film Festival 2013. Dosunmu bi n'etiti New York City na [[Lagos]], Nigeria.

== Ọrụ ==
'''Foto'''

Dosunmu malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye enyemaka na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ ejiji nke Yves Saint Laurent. O mechara bụrụ onye nduzi okike (na-eje ozi n'ọkwa ahụ maka mkpuchi album maka ndị na-ese ihe dị ka [[Erykah Badu]] na Public Enemy) na onye na-ese foto ejiji, ebe foto ya na-apụtakwa na magazin mba ụwa dị iche iche.  N'afọ 2007, a kwanyeere ya ùgwù site na arịrịọ ikwu okwu na nzukọ TED Global. Dosunmu eduziela ma were ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi maka mgbasa ozi na TV maka ụlọ ọrụ dịka AT&amp;T, General Motors, Levi's, Giordano Jeans, Kenneth Cole, ''Buddy System'' for ABC, My Kind of Town for AMES, Soul Food for Showtime. E bipụtara foto sitere na ihe nkiri ya The African Game na akwụkwọ kọfị nke powerHouse Books. A họpụtara Dosunmu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya isonye na ihe ngosi foto Snap Judgments: New Positions in Contemporary Photography na International Center of Photography .&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icp.org/|title=Home &amp;#124; International Center of Photography|publisher=Icp.org|date=|accessdate=7 December 2011|archivedate=9 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209220111/http://www.icp.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dosunmu abụwo onye na-ese foto maka mbipụta dị ka ''Vibe'', ''Clam'', ''Fader'', Face, Paper, Interview, ''i-D'', ''Vogue Hommes'' - France na Italy, Complex, na ''Ebony''.

== Nduzi ==
Dosunmu mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na vidiyo egwu maka Isaac Hayes na 1996. Ọ gara n'ihu iduzi vidiyo egwu maka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-agu egwu nke gụnyere Angie Stone, Common, Wyclef Jean, Kelis, Aaron Neville, Maxwell, Tracy Chapman na Talib Kweli . Ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 1999 &quot;''Hot Irons''&quot;, meriri ihe nkiri kacha mma na FESPACO. Dosunmu eduziela ihe omume nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn nke South Africa a ma ama bụ Yizo, Yizo, nke na-eme ihe nkiri arụmụka iwu gbasara agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Johannesburg na South Africa &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt;mgbe ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gasịrị. N'afọ 2010, n'ihe na-eduga na iko mba ụwa nke mbụ na Afrịka, Dosunmu mepụtara ihe nkiri ọzọ, The African Game, nke ọ na-enyocha ''egwuregwu'' bọọlụ (soccer) na kọntinent ahụ na mmekọrịta ya na ọdịbendị Afrịka n'ụdị ya niile. Mgbanwe ya n'ime ihe nkiri bịara na 2011 na ihe nkiri Restless City, nke malitere na Sundance Film Festival na nyocha dị mma.

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
!Ụdị
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe nrite
|-
|1999
|''Hot Irons''
|Onye isi
|Ihe nkiri
|Best Documentary FESPACO na Reel Award
|-
|2004
|''Yizo Yizo''
|Onye isi
|Usoro TV
|
|-
|2010
|''Egwuregwu Afrịka''
|Onye nduzi / Onye Mmepụta
|Ihe nkiri / Egwuregwu
|
|-
|2011
|''Obodo Na-enweghị Ike''
|Onye isi
|Ihe nkiri / Egwú
|
|-
|2013
|''Nne nke George''
|Onye isi
|Ihe nkiri
|Nhọrọ mmechi abalị, Maryland Film Festival
|-
|2017
|''Ebee Ka Kyra Dị?''
|Onye nduzi / onye edemede akụkọ
|Ihe nkiri
|
|-
|TBA
|''Ịma Mma''
|Onye isi
|Drama, Romance
|
|-
|}

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|0234506}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dope Saint Jude</title>
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'''Catherine Saint Jude Pretorius''', onye a maara dịka '''Dope Saint Jude''', bụ onye South Africa na-eti egwu, onye na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu na onye mmepụta egwu.
== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Dope Saint Jude na Cape Town ma otolitere na Elsies River. Ọ kụziiri onwe ya guitar mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ wee malite ide uri iji soro egwu ya. O mechara banye n'ụdị hip hop nke ya, nke a kọwara dị ka ụda Mgbakwunye maka njikọta nwanyị, nnabata na ike. A ma ya ama maka iweta &quot;queer&quot; n'ihe nkiri hip hop.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sas-dope-saint-jude-gets-featured-apple-music|title=SA’s Dope Saint Jude gets featured on Apple Music|work=musicinafrica.net|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'afọ 2011, n'egosipụta n'ihie omume dị ka Saint Dude, a drag king. N'oge a, ọ malitere otu egwu drag queen dị na akwụkwọ na South Africa. N'afọ 2013, Saint Jude hapụrụ otu ahụ iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri naanị ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/03/dope-saint-jude-messes-with-cape-towns-head|title=Dope Saint Jude messes with Cape Town’s head|work=africasacountry.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, ya na M.I.A. rụkọrọ ọrụ nsonye nke vidiyo mgbasa ozi nke H&amp;M maka izu mmegharị ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/dope-saint-jude-reimagine/|title=Dope Saint Jude Has a Right To Flex|work=okayafrica.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na'onwa Julaị afọ 2016, Saint Jude wepụtara EP mbụ ya, Reimagine .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-01-00-rapper-dope-saint-jude-has-found-her-cause-its-reimagined-and-redefined/|title=Rapper Dope Saint Jude has found her cause — it’s reimagined and redefined|work=mg.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, e gosipụtara ya na abọm Jlin, ''Black Origami'' .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/78jdjg/jlin-black-origami-album-announcement|title=Jlin Announces Her Hugely Anticipated Sophomore Album|work=vice.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O meela ihe nkiri na Cape Town International Jazz Festival n'afọ 2017, Mahadum Stanford n'afọ 2017 nakwa Afropunk Festival Johannesburg n'afọ 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/dope-saint-jude-from-elsies-river-to-jazz-fest-8401931|title=Dope Saint Jude: From Elsies River to jazz fest|work=iol.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/watch-dope-saint-jude-performs-at-standford-university-in-california-20170530|title=WATCH: Dope Saint Jude performs at Stanford University in California|work=news24.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://afropunk.com/2016/02/feature-queer-south-african-artists-dope-saint-jude-and-angel-ho-join-the-cape-town-electronic-music-festival-line-up/|title=QUEER SOUTH AFRICAN ARTISTS DOPE SAINT JUDE AND ANGEL-HO JOIN THE CAPE TOWN ELECTRONIC MUSIC FESTIVAL LINE-UP|work=afropunk.com|accessdate=2 October 2021|archivedate=2 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002214758/https://afropunk.com/2016/02/feature-queer-south-african-artists-dope-saint-jude-and-angel-ho-join-the-cape-town-electronic-music-festival-line-up/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, o wepụtara EP ya nke abụọ, Resilient .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/dope-saint-jude-liddy-music-video/|title=Watch Dope Saint Jude And Her Friends Living Their Best Lives in The Music Video For ‘Liddy’|work=okayafrica.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara egwu a, &quot;Grrrl Like&quot; n'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/music/news/dope-saint-jude-just-released-another-punch-you-in-the-gut-anthem-20180923|title=Dope Saint Jude just released another punch-you-in-the-gut anthem|work=news24.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ji egwu a mee ihe maka ihe ngosi Apple TV Dickinson, ihe ngosi Netflix nke anime Kipo na Age of Wonderbeasts, mgbasa ozi nke onye na-emepụta ụgbọ ala na ihe nkiri n'ewu ewu nke Netflix's South African original series, Blood &amp; Water .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/music/news/south-african-musician-dope-st-judes-track-used-in-trailer-for-new-apple-tv-show-20191021|title=South African musician Dope St Jude's track used in trailer for new Apple TV show|work=news24.com|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/lifestyle/uk-based-cape-queer-muso-gains-local-fame-50013229|title=UK-based Cape queer muso gains local fame|work=iol.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discografị ==

* ''Reimagine'' (2016)
* Resilient (2018)

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Freema Agyeman</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-15T11:08:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>King ChristLike</username>
        <id>13051</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>701040</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="13959" sha1="gqpa1zawf77oufs9rld3zsevv4gm3kz" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
{{Infobox person|name=Freema Agyeman|image=Freema Agyeman (48460099371) (cropped).jpg|caption=Agyeman in July 2019 ComicCon|birth_name=Frema Agyeman|birth_date={{birth date and age|1979|3|20|df=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Freema&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You Letter From Freema Agyeman |url=http://community.livejournal.com/freema_love/154559.html |access-date=8 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510051604/http://community.livejournal.com/freema_love/154559.html |archive-date=10 May 2010  }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_place=[[London]], England|alma_mater=[[Middlesex University]] &lt;small&gt;([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])&lt;/small&gt;|occupation={{hlist|Actress}}|television={{hlist | ''[[Doctor Who]]'' | ''[[Law &amp; Order: UK]]'' | ''[[Little Dorrit (TV series)|Little Dorrit]]'' | ''[[New Amsterdam (2018 TV series)|New Amsterdam]]'' | ''[[Sense8]]'' | ''[[The Carrie Diaries (TV series)|The Carrie Diaries]]''}}|years_active=2001–present}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Freema Agyeman''' (/ˈfriːmə ˈædʒɪmən/; a mụrụ Frema Agyeman; 20 Machị 1979) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Bekee nke a maara maka igwu Martha Jones na usoro akụkọ sayensị nke BBC Doctor Who (2007–2010), Alesha Phillips na ihe nkiri usoro mpụ Law &amp; Order: UK (2009–2011), Amanita Caplan na Netflix akụkọ sayensị ''Sense8'' (2015–2018), na Dr. Helen Sharpe na usoro usoro usoro ahụike NBC ''New Amsterdam'' (2018–ugbua).

Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Doctor Who, Agyeman kwughachiri ọrụ ya nke Martha Jones na Doctor Who spin-off series ''Torchwood'' ma nwee ọrụ na BBC series ''Little Dorrit'' . N'afọ 2013, o mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na telivishọn US na ihe nkiri CW nke afọ iri na ụma ''The Carrie Diaries'' dị ka Larissa Loughlin, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na magazin Interview . 

Ngosipụta telivishọn ''ndị'' ọzọ gụnyere ''Old Jack's Boat'', Silent Witness, na Survivors . Agyeman pụtakwara dịka Penny na ihe nkiri afọ 2015 ''North v South'' .

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Agyeman na London. Nne ya, Azar, bụ onye Iran, nna ya, Osei, bụ onye Ghana. Ha gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị obere. Agyeman nwere nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya, Leila, na nwanne nwoke nke nta, Dominic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jury&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jury, Louise|title=From council estate to Tardis: rise of the Timelord's sidekick|work=[[The Independent]]|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/media/article2383877.ece|date=23 March 2007|accessdate=18 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere nne ya dịka onye Alakụba ma zụlite nna ya dịka onye Methodist, Agyeman tolitere bụrụ onye Roman Katọlik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-whos-sidekick-freema-agyeman-hclx3kgwmlv|work=The Sunday Times|title=Dr Who's sidekick, Freema Agyeman|first=Laura|author=Deeley|date=16 February 2008|accessdate=19 August 2011|archivedate=30 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930185737/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-whos-sidekick-freema-agyeman-hclx3kgwmlv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agyeman gara Our Lady's Convent RC High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na Stamford Hill. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1996, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Anna Scher Theatre School na Islington ma mụọ ǹkà na ihe nkiri na Mahadum Middlesex, gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jury&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mbụ ===
Mgbe Agyeman malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya, ọ họọrọ iji edemede dị iche nke aha ọmụmụ ya, Frema, dịka aha ọkachamara ya, iji zere nsogbu ịkpọ okwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hugo|first=Simon|title=Where's Your Head At? Freema Agyeman|work=Torchwood Magazine|page=60|date=June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu ọ nweta akụkụ nke Martha Jones, ọrụ telivishọn a ma ama nke Agyeman bụ igwu Lola Wise na usoro mmegharị nke ITV soap opera ''Crossroads'' . O nwekwara obere ọrụ ndị ọbịa na usoro TV ''ndị'' ọzọ dịka Casualty, ''Mile High'' na ''The Bill'', nke ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ dịka mmadụ abụọ dị iche iche. N'afọ 2005, Agyeman mere Mary Ogden, onye ọrụ mpụ, na ihe omume nke Silent Witness .

Agyeman pụtara dịka Nana na ihe nkiri onwe ya bụ Rulers and Dealers, nke Stephen Lloyd Jackson dere ma duzie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rulers and Dealers|url=http://film-directory.britishcouncil.org/rulers-and-dealers|work=British Film Council|accessdate=11 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nkwanye ùgwù ==
N'ọnwa June afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Agyeman &quot;Best Newcomer&quot; n'afọ 2007 &quot;Glamour Women of the Year Awards&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://freemaagyeman.com/news/2007/06/05/glamour-awards-2007/#more-363|title=Freema Wins at Glamour Women Awards 2007|publisher=Freema Agyeman.com|date=5 June 2007|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225005733/http://freemaagyeman.com/news/2007/06/05/glamour-awards-2007/|archivedate=25 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, o meriri n'afọ 2007 People's Choice category maka &quot;Female TV Star&quot; na 5th annual Screen Nation Film and TV Awards, nke emere na 15 Ọktoba 2007 na Hilton Metropole na London.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.screennation.co.uk/pdf/ScreenNation2007WinnerList.pdf|title=Reginald Hudlin|accessdate=28 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327130458/http://www.screennation.co.uk/pdf/ScreenNation2007WinnerList.pdf|archivedate=27 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''The Observer'' gbara Agyeman ajụjụ ọnụ na Disemba afọ 2007 ma kpọọ ya &quot;ihu nke afọ 2007&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Day, Elizabeth|title=A dizzy year with the Doctor|work=Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2007/dec/16/features.review47|date=16 December 2007|accessdate=10 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nhọpụta ===
N'afọ 2003, a họpụtara Agyeman na ngalaba abụọ na British Soap Awards maka ọrụ ya dịka Lola Wise na ''Crossroads'', dịka &quot;Best Newcomer&quot; na &quot;Sexiest Female&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;British Soap Awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm%20Crossroads%20-%20Freema%20Agyeman%20www.memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm%20%26strip%3D1|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20121209175135/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm+Crossroads+-+Freema+Agyeman+www.memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm+&amp;strip=1|archivedate=9 December 2012|title=On the Box guide to the British Soap Awards|publisher=webcache.googleusercontent.com|accessdate=29 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Egbugbu Agyeman nwere n'elu ogwe aka ya bụ ihe nnọchianya nke nna nna ya, nke nwere okwu Peshia &quot;raha&quot;, nke pụtara &quot;n'efu&quot;, n'okpuru ihe oyiyi nke urukurubụba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://uktv.co.uk/drama/stepbystep/aid/595754|title=Freema Agyemann profile: Watch Shows: Watch&amp;nbsp;– simply good TV|publisher=Uktv.co.uk|date=7 November 2007|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112215649/http://uktv.co.uk/drama/stepbystep/aid/595754|archivedate=12 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agyeman bụ onye Roman Katọlik na-adịghị aga ụka. O kwuru na ime ihe ọma bụ ụzọ o si kwere na Chineke na ịgosi pụta Iso Ụzọ Kraịst Katọlik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Laura|author=Deeley|date=16 February 2008|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-whos-sidekick-freema-agyeman-hclx3kgwmlv|title=Dr Who's sidekick, Freema Agyeman|work=The Times|accessdate=2022-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|2004
|''Aisha onye Amerịka''
|Shaheen
|Obere ihe nkiri
|-
|2006
|''Ndị ọchịchị na ndị na-ere ahịa''
|Nana
|
|-
|2015
|''North v South''
|Penny
|
|-
|2017
|''Na-eri Ndị Obodo''
|Mmụọ ozi
|
|-
|2021
|''Mbilite n'ọnwụ nke Matrix''
|Astra
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|2003
|''Crossroads''
|Lola Wise
|Ihe omume ndị a na-amaghị
|-
|2004
|''The Bill''
|Jenna Carter
|Episode: &quot;Episode 232&quot;
|-
|2004
|''Casualty@Holby City''
|Kate Hindley
|Episode: &quot;Casualty@Holby City: Part One&quot;
|-
|2005
|''Mile High''
|Nwa agbọghọ #1
|Usoro 2, ihe omume 26
|-
|2005
|''Onyeàmà na-agbachi nkịtị''
|Mary Ogden
|Nkebi: &quot;Nhọrọ: Nkebi nke 1&quot;
|-
|2006
|''The Bill''
|Shakira Washington
|Ihe omume abụọ
|-
|2006
|''Dọkịta Who''
|Adeola Oshodi
|Episode: &quot;Army of Ghosts&quot;
|-
|2007–2008, 2010
|''Dọkịta Who''
|Martha Jones
|Usoro 3, Usoro 4, 2008–10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; specials19 episodes
|-
|2007–2008
|''Dọkịta nke Nzuzo''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ọrụ ugboro ugboro
|-
|2007
|''Dọkịta zuru oke''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ihe omume asaa
|-
|2007
|''Ọchịchọ Na-adịghị agwụ agwụ''
|Martha Jones (olu)
|Ihe omume iri na atọ
|-
|2007
|''Ihe ngosi Omid Djalili''
|Ya onwe ya
|Usoro 1, ihe omume 3
|-
|2008
|''Torchwood''
|Martha Jones
|Ihe omume atọ
|-
|2008
|''Torchwood Declassified''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ihe omume abụọ
|-
|2008–2010
|''Bizarre ER''
|Ya onwe ya
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ (usoro 1–3); ihe omume iri atọ
|-
|2008
|''Little Dorrit''
|Tattycoram
|Miniseries; 8 episodes
|-
|2008
|''Ndị lanarịrị''
|Jenny Walsh
|Ihe omume abụọ
|-
|2009–2012
|''Iwu na Iwu: UK''
|Alesha Phillips
|Ndị isi (usoro 1–6); ihe omume 39
|-
|2013–2015
|''The Carrie Diaries''
|Larissa Loughlin
|Ndị isi; ihe omume iri abụọ na abụọ
|-
|2013–2015
|''Old Jack's Boat''
|Shelly Periwinkle
|Ndị isi (usoro 1); ihe omume iri na abụọ
|-
|2013
|''Rubenesque''
|Trudy
|Otu ihe nkiri
|-
|2015–2018
|''Sense8''
|Amanita Caplan
|Ndị isi ihe nkiri
|-
|2017
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAio&quot;&gt;Panorama&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Nkebi: &quot;Mgbe ụmụaka na-emegbu ụmụaka&quot;
|-
|2018–ugbua
|''New Amsterdam''
|Dr. Helen Sharpe
|Ndị isi ihe nkiri
|}

== Audio na redio ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|2007
|''Dodo Ikpeazụ''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Doctor Who audiobook
|-
|2007
|''Wetworld''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Doctor Who audiobook
|-
|2007
|''The Pirate Loop''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Doctor Who audiobook
|-
|2008
|''Martha n'enyo''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Doctor Who audiobook
|-
|2008
|''Mkpụrụ Obi furu efu''
|Martha Jones
|Full cast Torchwood audio drama
|-
|2008
|''Akụkọ banyere Mata''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Doctor Who audiobook
|-
|2014
|''Six Degrees of Assassination: An Audible Drama''
|Ellen Townsend
|
|-
|2020
|''Torchwood: Dissected''
|Martha Jones
|Full cast audio drama
|-
|2021
|''Afọ nke Martha Jones''
|Martha Jones
|Full cast audio drama boxset&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=1. The Year of Martha Jones - The Worlds of Doctor Who - Special Releases - Big Finish|url=https://www.bigfinish.com/releases/v/the-year-of-martha-jones-2227|accessdate=2021-12-22|work=www.bigfinish.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ụlọ ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|2001–2002
|''Mgbe Snow dara''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Half Moon Shows On Tour: Previous Shows|url=http://www.halfmoon.org.uk/whatson/halfmoonshowsontour/previousshows.html#when|accessdate=18 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206234217/http://www.halfmoon.org.uk/whatson/halfmoonshowsontour/previousshows.html|archivedate=6 February 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|T
|By Chris Elwell
|-
|2001
|''Mgbọrọgwụ gbagọrọ agbagọ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pop-up.net/productions/twistedroots.html|title=Twisted Roots|publisher=Pop-Up|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227020218/http://www.pop-up.net/productions/twistedroots.html|archivedate=27 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://freemaagyeman.com/biography/|title=A fansite&amp;nbsp;– Biography &amp; Filmography|publisher=Freema Agyeman.com|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223075816/http://freemaagyeman.com/biography/|archivedate=23 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Anya Starr
|By Emily Nightingale
|-
|2002
|''Ndị Onyenwe anyị na ụmụ nwanyị''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.co.uk.lspace.org/fandom/events/plays/lordsandladies/2002/august-rollright-stones.html|title=''Lords and Ladies''|work=Co.uk.lspace.org|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228075019/http://www.co.uk.lspace.org/fandom/events/plays/lordsandladies/2002/august-rollright-stones.html|archivedate=28 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ọrụ dị iche iche
|Na mbụ site na Terry Pratchett
|-
|2008
|Doctor Who Prom
|Onye ọbịa
|Emume egwu, 27 Julaị 2008
|-
|2017
|''Mgbaghara''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2017/aug/04/apologia-review-stockard-channing-trafalgar-studios-london|title=''Apologia review – Stockard Channing induces sympathy for a monstrous matriarch''|work=Guardian|date=4 August 2017|accessdate=28 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Claire
|By Alexi Kaye Campbell
|}

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Freema Agyeman on Twitter
* Freema Agyeman at IMDb
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/08/14/35671.shtml Ajụjụ ọnụ] na The One Show (14 August 2006)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615154230/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/body_and_soul/article3375049.ece?print=yes&amp;randnum=1203116650860 Ajụjụ ọnụ] na ''The Times'' (16 February 2008)
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/11_november/05/survivors10.shtml Ndị lanarịrị] - Freema Agyeman (Jenny Collins) Press Pack na BBC Press Office
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/10_october/13/dorrit11.shtml Little Dorrit] - Freema Agyeman (Tattycoram) Press Pack na BBC Press Office
{{DEFAULTSORT:Agyeman, Freema}}
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{{Databox}}

'''Annet Nyakecho''' nke a makwaara dị ka Okwenye '''Annet Nyagecho''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1982) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ugandan, nwanyị ọchụnta ego, na nwanyị bụ onye omeiwuụnke Tororo North County, Tororo District.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=EYOTARU|first=OLIVE|title=Meet Nyakecho, the MP who has served two constituencies|url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/53652-meet-nyakecho-the-mp-who-has-served-two-constituencies.html|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=The Observer – Uganda|language=en-gb|archivedate=16 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016223247/https://observer.ug/news/headlines/53652-meet-nyakecho-the-mp-who-has-served-two-constituencies.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=180|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=www.parliament.go.ug|archivedate=29 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429154024/https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=180}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Tumukunde saga: MP Nyakecho, 9 others not held on treason charges- Police|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/17/tumukunde-saga-mp-nyakecho-9-others-not-held-on-treason-charges-police/|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=Nile Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hon. Nyakecho Annet|url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nyakechoannet/|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=MPScan Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=16 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016142348/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nyakechoannet/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NYAKECHO ANNET|url=https://www.ugandadecides.com/candidate.php?id=610|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=www.ugandadecides.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka nwanyị MP maka Otuke District na 9th parliament, na 10th parliamentary, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị hi MP maka Tororo North.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tororo North MP Nyakecho cleared|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tororo-north-mp-nyakecho-cleared-1705648|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ugbu a nwanyị Tororo onye otu ndị omeiwu na 11th Parliament nke Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 July 2020|title=Tororo MP Annet Nyakecho says her voters will miss her smile, dance strokes and hairstyles if election campaigns are held scientifically|url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/07/02/tororo-mp-annet-nyakecho-says-her-voters-will-miss-her-smile-dance-strokes-and-hairstyles-if-election-campaigns-are-held-scientifically/|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=Matooke Republic|language=en-US|archivedate=20 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620161750/https://matookerepublic.com/2020/07/02/tororo-mp-annet-nyakecho-says-her-voters-will-miss-her-smile-dance-strokes-and-hairstyles-if-election-campaigns-are-held-scientifically/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe e gụzobere mpaghara Otuke na 2009, nke a nyere ya ohere na 2011, ọ bụ onye na-achọ oche nwanyị distrikti mana ọ merighị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; O mechara guzo ma merie maka oge mbụ ya (na nke itoolu) n'oche na tiketi National Resistance Movement dị ka onye omeiwu na-eto eto na-eti ndị ọzọ asaa na-asọmpi ọ bụ ezie na o nweghị atụmatụ ịbanye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
== Agụm akwụkwọ ==
N'afọ 1994, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Primary Leaving Examinations na Rock View School, Tororo. N'afọ 1998, ọ nwetara asambodo agụmakwụkwọ Uganda site na Nkono Memorial S.S., Kaliro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2000, e nyere ya asambodo agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke Uganda site na City High School, Kololo ma mesịa sonye na Mahadum Makerere&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; maka nzere bachelọ na Development Studies (2008).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ ọrụ ==
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka nyocha na MTN Head Office(2000), Nutrition and Early Childhood Development Project, Tororo (2001X2002), na African Center for Institutional Development, Kampala (2002X2003).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda dị ka onye otu Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme ná Mba Ọzọ, onye otu Kọمitii Na-emefu Ego (2011), onye otu Kọomitii Na-ekwu Maka Iwu na Nzukọ Ezumezu (2013), na osote onye isi oche Kọmitii Sayensị na Teknụzụ (2015).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu na omeiwu nke Uganda na nke itoolu, nke iri na nke iri na otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ozi, Nkwurịta okwu na Nkà na Ụzụ (ICT) mana onye isi ọchịchị Ruth Nankabirwa mechara wepụ ya n'ọkwa ahụ ma jiri Dokolo North MP Paul Amoru dochie ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Independent|first=The|date=24 June 2020|title=Nankabirwa drops MP Annet Nyakecho from ICT committee leadership|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/nankabirwa-drops-mp-annet-nyakecho-from-ict-committee-leadership/|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Annet Nyakecho, di ya Levi Otim, nwanne ya nwoke na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a chọtara n'ụlọ onye bụbu Minista Nchebe, Lt. Gen. E jidere Henry Tumukunde ma jide ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye nhazi mba nke Lt. Gen. Henry Tumukunde 2021 presidential campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 March 2020|title=TUMUKUNDE SAGA: MP Nyakecho Detained at Jinja Road|url=https://chimpreports.com/tumukunde-saga-mp-nyakecho-detained-at-jinja-road/|accessdate=3 April 2021|work=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda dị ka onye otu na Kọmitii Akụkọ Ọha, na Kọmiti na Ọrụ Ọha na Gọọmentị Obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Levi Otim.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ Onye Kraịst nke okwukwe Anglican.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị otu nke iri na otu nke Uganda
* Ndepụta nke ndị otu nke iri nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda
* Ndepụta nke ndị otu nke itoolu nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda
* National Resistance Movement
* Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere onwe ya
* Ógbè Otuke
* Ógbè Tororo
* Ruth Nankabirwa
* Paul Amoru

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda.]
* [https://www.facebook.com/annetnyakecho/ Hon Annet Nyakecho na Facebook]
* [https://twitter.com/nyakechoa?lang=en Nyakecho Annet na Twitter]
* [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/hon-nyakecho-annet-b5885574 Ọ dị mma.Nyakecho Annet na Linkedin]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20210514143305/https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2018/10/09/exclusive-mp-nyakecho-dumps-mp-lover-elopes-with-rdcs-son/

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
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{{Databox}}'''Elvis Morris Donkoh''' (amụrụ na 25 Febụwarị 1983) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana bụ onye otu nke asaa nke Republic nke anọ nke Ghana ma bụrụkwa onye otu nke asatọ nke Republic nke Anọ nke Ghana na-anọchite anya Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese Constituency na Central Region na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=8|title=Parliament of Ghana|accessdate=2023-09-30|archivedate=2023-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324002112/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|accessdate=2 September 2022|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Elvis-Morris-Donkoh-2329|accessdate=2 September 2022|work=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Elvis Morris Donkoh na 25 Febụwarị 1983 ma si Cape Coast na Central Region nke [[Ghana]]. Elvis Morris Donkoh nwetara diplọma ya (Youth In Development Work) na Mahadum Ghana n'afọ 2008 na Post Graduate Diploma (Project and Quality Management) na Machịchị Azụmaahịa nke Costa Rica n'afọ 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Elvis-Morris-Donkoh-2329|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|accessdate=2 September 2022|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=24 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324073446/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|accessdate=2 September 2022|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Elvis Morris Donkoh bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Alliance for Youth Development. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye omeiwu (MP) maka Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese Constituency na Central Region na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=24 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324073446/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Elvis Morris Donkoh sonyere ọzọ ma merie na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke NPP nke afọ 2020 maka Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese Constituency na Central Region nke [[Ghana]] na votu 475 megide Kobina Nyanteh onye nwere votu 220.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 June 2020|title=NPP Parliamentary Primaries: The winners and losers - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/npp-parliamentary-primaries-the-winners-and-losers/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Effah|first=Evans|date=21 June 2020|title=NPP Primaries: Here is a list of MPs who won|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/npp-primaries-here-is-a-list-of-mps-who-won/p0bnyet|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=abura asebu kwamankese npp primaries|url=https://www.agcomx.com/journal/abura-asebu-kwamankese-npp-primaries-9f8e58|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.agcomx.com|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131159/https://www.agcomx.com/journal/abura-asebu-kwamankese-npp-primaries-9f8e58}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PlanetHoster - Suspendu|url=https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=app.asempanews.com|archivedate=4 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204054311/https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elvis Morris Donkoh gara n'ihu merie na ntuli aka Ghana nke 2020 na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party iji sonye na Nzukọ nke asatọ (8th) nke [[Ghana|Republic nke anọ nke Ghana]] na votu 25,048 (49.2%) megide Felix Ofosu Kwakye nke National Democratic Congress onye nwere votu 24,872 (48.8%) na Francis Eghan nke Ghana Union Movement (GUM) onye nwekwara votu 1,001 (2.0%).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131232/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/abura-asebu-kwamankese/|accessdate=3 September 2022|language=en-US|archivedate=2 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002103408/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/abura-asebu-kwamankese/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 December 2020|title=Ghana Election 2020: Felix Kwakye Ofosu Humbled As Incumbent Elvis Morris Donkoh Gives Him 176 Vote Margin|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/ghana-election-2020-felix-kwakye-ofosu-humbled-as-incumbent-elvis-morris-donkoh-gives-him-176-vote-margin/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.ghgossip.com|language=en-AU|archivedate=20 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134832/https://www.ghgossip.com/ghana-election-2020-felix-kwakye-ofosu-humbled-as-incumbent-elvis-morris-donkoh-gives-him-176-vote-margin/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MyNewsGH|date=8 December 2020|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh humbles Felix Kwakye Ofosu with a 176 vote difference|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/elvis-morris-donkoh-humbles-felix-kwakye-ofosu-with-a-176-vote-difference/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=8 December 2020|title=Kwakye Ofosu concedes defeat in Abura Asebu despite NDC's claim of flipping seat|url=https://yen.com.gh/178735-election-2020-ndcs-ofosu-kwakye-loses-abura-asebu-kwamankese-npps-elvis-donkoh.html|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwakye Ofosu loses Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese seat by 176 votes|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1048639/kwakye-ofosu-loses-abura-asebu-kwamankese-seat.html|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 December 2020|title=Challenge the results of the parliamentary polls - Felix Ofosu Kwakye told|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Challenge-the-results-of-the-parliamentary-polls-Felix-Ofosu-Kwakye-told-1131953|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 December 2020|title=Kwakye Ofosu Loses Abura Constituency by 176 Votes After Being Caught In A Lady's Bedroom at Dawn|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2020/12/08/kwakye-ofosu-loses-abura-constituency-by-176-votes-after-being-caught-in-a-ladys-bedroom-at-dawn/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|archivedate=30 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530090805/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2020/12/08/kwakye-ofosu-loses-abura-constituency-by-176-votes-after-being-caught-in-a-ladys-bedroom-at-dawn/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NDC’s Ofosu Kwakye loses AAK to NPP’s Elvis Donkoh|url=https://tricksfast.com/ghana/ndcs-ofosu-kwakye-loses-aak-to-npps-elvis-donkoh/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=TricksFast|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Elvis Morris Donkoh sonyere ma merie na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke NPP na 2016 maka Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese Constituency na Central Region nke [[Ghana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Task For Victory In 2016 Is Unity, Akufo-addo Admonishes Npp|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/627181/first-task-for-victory-in-2016-is-unity-akufo-addo-admonish.html|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency|url=http://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=19 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819000604/https://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MyNewsGH|date=16 December 2018|title=Felix Kwakye Ofosu OFFICIALLY announces Parliamentary bid; targets Central Region seat|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/felix-kwakye-ofosu-officially-announces-parliamentary-bid-targets-central-region-seat/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elvis Morris Donkoh gara n'ihu merie oche ndị omeiwu na mpaghara ya (Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese Constituency) n'oge ntuli aka Ghana nke 2016 na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party iji sonye na Nzukọ nke asaa (7th) nke [[Ghana|Republic nke anọ nke Ghana]] na vootu 22,245 (50.7%) megide Samuel K. Hayford nke National Democratic Congress onye nwere vootu 20,508 (46.7%), Clement Abaidoo nke Progressive Party (PPP - Ghana's) onye nwekwara vootu 1,054%) nke People's Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2016 Election - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=20 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134823/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency|url=http://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=19 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819000604/https://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Angel|date=4 December 2020|title=Elvis Donkor failed to bring development to Abura-Asebu-Kwamankesse – Felix Ofosu Kwakye|url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2020/12/04/elvis-donkor-failed-to-bring-development-to-abura-asebu-kwamankesse-felix-ofosu-kwakye/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Angel Online|language=en-US|archivedate=20 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134822/https://angelonline.com.gh/2020/12/04/elvis-donkor-failed-to-bring-development-to-abura-asebu-kwamankesse-felix-ofosu-kwakye/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=You can’t use your Accra popularity to snatch AAK seat – MP aspirant tells Felix Ofosu Kwakye|url=https://theindependentghana.com/2020/06/you-cant-use-your-accra-popularity-to-snatch-aak-seat-mp-aspirant-tells-felix-ofosu-kwakye/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=The Independent Ghana|language=en-GB|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131226/https://theindependentghana.com/2020/06/you-cant-use-your-accra-popularity-to-snatch-aak-seat-mp-aspirant-tells-felix-ofosu-kwakye/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Harry|first=Prince|date=12 September 2020|title=Ofosu Kwakye knows he can't win AAK seat- Incumbent MP|url=https://harrygraphic.com/ofosu-kwakye-knows-he-cant-win-aak-seat-incumbent-mp/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Harry Graphic|language=en-US|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131159/https://harrygraphic.com/ofosu-kwakye-knows-he-cant-win-aak-seat-incumbent-mp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PlanetHoster - Suspendu|url=https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=app.asempanews.com|archivedate=4 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204054311/https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kọmitii ===
Elvis Morris Donkoh bụ onye otu (onye isi oche) nke Mines and Energy Committee. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Kọmitii Privileges nakwa Kọmitii Azụmaahịa, Ụlọ Ọrụ na Njem Njem nke Nzukọ nke asatọ (8th) nke [[Ghana|Republic nke anọ nke Ghana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=24 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324073446/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Elvis-Morris-Donkoh-2329|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Elvis Morris Donkoh bụ Onye Kraịst na onye otu Seventh Day Adventist Church (SDA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=24 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324073446/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Donkoh, Elvis Morris}}
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[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]]
'''Oyindamola Johnson Emmanuel''', onye a ma ama dị ka '''Dammy Krane''', bụ onye na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.reverbnation.com/artist_717586/bio |title=ReverbNation: Dammy Krane |accessdate=2023-10-03 |archivedate=2016-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828233823/https://www.reverbnation.com/artist_717586/bio }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2012, mgbe ọ dị afọ 20, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Hypertek Digital na 960 Music Group. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka otu egwu ya bụ &quot;My Dear&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;dind&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/02/chidinma-is-my-dear-dammy-krane/|author=Lukmon Akintola|title=Chidinma is my dear –Dammy Krane|work=Daily Independent, Nigeria|accessdate=10 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara Dammy Krane maka olu olu ya, okwu na-adọrọ mmasị na ụdị egwu ya na-akpali akpali nke egwu ọzọ nke Africa. Dammy Krane enwetala ọtụtụ nhọpụta, gụnyere nhọpụta Next Rated.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=#Headies2013: Sean Tizzle wins 'Next Rated' award + N6.5 SUV...|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/12/headies2013-sean-tizzle-wins-next-rated-award-n6-5-suv/|publisher=thenetng}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Ink|author=Eze|title=BNM Red Alert: Dammy Krane|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/08/bnm-red-alert-dammy-krane/|work=bellanaija.com|date=8 August 2011|publisher=Bella Naija|accessdate=13 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;  O meriri Rookie of the Year na The Headies 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Headies Rookie of the Year Award...|url=http://toolzo.net/2012/10/11/the-headie-rookie-of-the-year-competition-and-the-winner-is/|accessdate=13 May 2014|archivedate=14 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514051453/http://toolzo.net/2012/10/11/the-headie-rookie-of-the-year-competition-and-the-winner-is/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Oyindamola Johnson na Lagos, [[Naijiria]], ma si n'agbụrụ Yoruba na South-West Nigeria. A mụrụ Dammy Krane n'ezinụlọ Oluwakemi Oshodi (onye nna ya bụ onye njikwa na ụlọ ọrụ egwu Fuji n'oge ahụ).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theinfopro.com.ng/dammy-krane-full-biography-lifestyle/|title=DAMMY KRANE: Full Biography and Lifestyle|author=Osmond|date=2017-10-31|work=The Info Pro|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-22|archivedate=2019-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006110906/https://theinfopro.com.ng/dammy-krane-full-biography-lifestyle/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dammy Krane kwuru na nke a bụ mmetụta mbụ n'ọrụ ya. Malite egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ 6, sonyeere ndị ukwe ụmụaka ma jee ozi na ụka dị iche iche. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Providence Heights, ebe a maara ya maka ịbụ onye na-agba egwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Dammy Krane lekwasịrị anya na egwu ya ma rụọ ọrụ ike na ọrụ ya, n'ikpeazụ guzobe onwe ya dị ka ihe nkiri.

N'ịbụ onye ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Fela Kuti, Femi Kuti, Lagbaja, King Sunny Ade, 2face Idibia, [[D'banj|D'Banj]] na Sauce Kid kpaliri, ọ malitere idekọ egwu n'onwe ya ma na-eme ihe ngosi mahadum dị iche iche na ikike ya ijikọta ụdị egwu niile.

Ọ na-ekwu na ọ bịanyere aka na Hypertek Records na ohere izute 2face Idibia na oriri ụbọchị ọmụmụ. Ọ na-ekwu na 2face Idibia hụrụ ya ka ọ na-eme ma mee mkpebi ịbịanye aka na ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;dind&quot;/&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
Na Fraịde 2 June 2017, e jidere Dammy Krane na US maka nnukwu ohi, wayo kaadị akwụmụgwọ na wayo njirimara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/06/dammy-krane-arrested-us-grand-theft-credit-card-identity-fraud/|accessdate=3 June 2017|title=Dammy Krane Arrested in the US for Grand Theft, Credit Card &amp; Identity Fraud|work=Bellanaija.com|date=2 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ụbọchị ndị sochirinụ, a kọrọ na o jiri kaadị akwụmụgwọ e zuru ezu zụta ụgbọ elu onwe onye site na ụlọ ọrụ TapJets mgbe ọ nọ ezumike na Miami. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ achọpụtala aghụghọ a na-ebo ebubo n'ihi ọdịiche dị na ozi kaadị akwụmụgwọ o nyere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/06/03/fake-lifestyle-put-dammy-krane-trouble/|accessdate=5 June 2017|title=How Fake Lifestyle Put Dammy Krane Into Trouble|work=PM News Nigeria|date=4 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Odunsi|first=Wale|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/06/04/dammy-krane-uncovered-credit-card-fraud-tapjets/|title=Dammy Krane: How we uncovered credit card fraud – Tapjets|work=Daily Post|date=4 June 2017|accessdate=October 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Miami mgbe ọ mezuru ọnọdụ mgbapụta ya, nke e debere na $ 7,500. O kwuru na ikpe amaghị ya maka ebubo ndị ahụ ma chọọ ka ndị ọka ikpe kpee ya ikpe. E kenyere onye na-agụ egwú ahụ onye ọka iwu ma kwupụta ka ọ pụta n'ụlọ ikpe na June 23, 2017. Nne ya kwusiri ike na aka ya dị ọcha na-ebo nwa ya nwoke ebubo nsogbu ya na onye na-akwalite ihe ngosi nke debanyere tiketi ụgbọ elu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dammy Krane granted bail after meeting requirements|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/dammy-krane-granted-bail-meeting-bail-conditions/|work=Vanguard (Nigeria)|date=June 7, 2017|accessdate=October 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Opejobi|first=Seun|title=Dammy Krane released from jail after meeting bail conditions|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/06/07/dammy-krane-released-jail-meeting-bail-conditions/|work=Daily Post (Nigeria)|date=June 7, 2017|accessdate=October 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, ụlọ ikpe ndị America wepụrụ ebubo niile gụnyere ịgha ụgha kaadị akwụmụgwọ, nkwekọrịta agha na nnukwu ohi e tinyere megide ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=US court dismisses forgery case against Dammy Krane|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/us-court-dismisses-forgery-case-dammy-krane/|accessdate=1 October 2017|work=Vanguard (Nigeria)|date=August 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dammy Krane kwuru na ya na Davido zutere na Septemba 20, 2022 ma kwuo na [[Davido]] ji ya ụgwọ ego a na-akọwaghị. N'ime tweet a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, o mekwara ka o tinye aha onye ọrụ twitter Davido n'ezie ka ọ na-agba ya ume ime nke ọma n'ụgwọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=miftaudeenraji@vanguardngr.com|date=2022-09-20|title='Give me my money,' Dammy Krane calls out Davido over 'unpaid debt'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/09/give-me-my-money-dammy-krane-calls-out-davido-over-unpaid-debt/|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Quasim|first=Adedamola|date=2022-09-21|title=Nigeria: Dammy Krane Calls Out Davido, Rich Friends Over Debt|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202209210004.html|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Abọm ===

* 2010: Uni Girls
* 2011: ''Pooner''
* 2012: ''Condom Sir''
* 2014: ''Onye na-eme ihe''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201003201548/http://360nobs.com/2014/07/dammy-krane-announces-release-date-for-enterkraner-album/ &quot;Dammy Krane Announces Release Date For 'Enterkraner' Album&quot;] ''www.360nobs.com''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025543/http://www.naijaolofofo.com/dammy-krane-reveals-debut-album-release-date-covers-tush-magazine/ &quot;Dammy Krane reveals debut Album release date&quot;], ''www.naijaolofofo.com''&lt;/ref&gt; nkiri

=== Ndị na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye / Abụ ===

* 2010 &quot;M hụrụ ụmụ agbọghọ n'anya Feat Piper na Flowsickk&quot;
* 2010 &quot;Uni Girls&quot;
* 2011 &quot;N'okpuru&quot;
* 2011 &quot;Pooner&quot;
* 2012 &quot;N'anya m&quot;
* 2012 &quot;Shalala&quot; nke gosipụtara E.L.
* 2012 &quot;Ligali feat. Pasuma&quot;
* 2012 &quot;Condom Sir (Gangnam Style Cover) &quot;
* 2012 &quot;N'anya m&quot;
* 2013 &quot;N'ezie Ị hụrụ n'anya (Yvonne Nelson) Leak&quot;
* 2013 &quot;Ekele&quot;
* 2013 &quot;Xteristics&quot;
* 2013 &quot;Lobatan&quot;
* 2013 &quot;Sabi Dance&quot;
* 2014 &quot;Tụgharịa&quot;
* 2014 &quot;Amin&quot;
* 2015 &quot;Kayefi&quot; nke gosipụtara DJ Neptunes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Music Dammy Krane – 'Kayefi' ft. DJ Neptune|url=http://pulse.ng/new_music/new-music-dammy-krane-kayefi-ft-dj-neptune-id3880701.html|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=18 June 2015|publisher=Joey Akan|accessdate=18 June 2015|archivedate=18 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618194943/http://pulse.ng/new_music/new-music-dammy-krane-kayefi-ft-dj-neptune-id3880701.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015 &quot;Ụtụtụ Enweghị Dey&quot;
* 2015 &quot;Izzue&quot; nke Davido gosipụtara
* 2016 &quot;Solo&quot; nke gosipụtara &lt;small&gt;[[Olamide]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Music Dammy Krane - 'Solo' ft Olamide|url=http://pulse.ng/new_music/new-music-dammy-krane-solo-ft-olamide-id4652993.html|work=Pulse.ng|date=5 February 2016|publisher=Joey Akan|accessdate=9 February 2016|archivedate=7 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207234530/http://pulse.ng/new_music/new-music-dammy-krane-solo-ft-olamide-id4652993.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017 &quot;Aye dun&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Gbetiti ft. Davido &amp; Shatta Wale&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Nwaanyị&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Na ihe&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Oluwa Bless Me ft. Gweazy &amp; Styllo&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Ikpe&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Mmetụta Ịnọba&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Oluwe&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Kaadị akwụmụgwọ&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Shaku Shaku&quot;
* 2017 &quot;Ọkpụkpụ gị (Odoo Esisi Mi) &quot;
* 2019 &quot;Kụọ m ego m&quot;
* 2019 &quot;Enwere Lagos&quot;
* 2019 &quot;Trotro ft Kwesi Arthur
* 2019 &quot;Always Say a Prayer (Asap) &quot; nke gosipụtara Peruzzi
* 2019 &quot;Mood&quot; (Laye) ft Mayorkun
* 2019 &quot;Dokomiwo&quot;
* 2020 &quot;Confess ft Nana Boro&quot;
* 2020 &quot;Ọ dị ịtụnanya&quot;
* 2023 &quot;Ijo m&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy Krane - Ijo mi|url=https://www.nlvibes.com/dammy-krane-ijo-mi/|work=NLvibes,com|date=6 July 2023|publisher=Admin|accessdate=6 February 2023|archivedate=14 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814064317/https://www.nlvibes.com/dammy-krane-ijo-mi/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2023 &quot;Abiamo&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy Krane - Abiamo mi|url=https://www.nlvibes.com/dammy-krane-abiamo-mp3-download/|work=NLvibes|date=14 August 2023|publisher=Admin|accessdate=14 August 2023|archivedate=14 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814054930/https://www.nlvibes.com/dammy-krane-abiamo-mp3-download/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ihe nkiri vidio ==
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Onye nduzi
!Nkwupụta
|-
|2014
|&quot;Amin&quot;
|Clarence Peters
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210216/http://jaguda.com/music-mp3/video-dammy-krane-amin/ &quot;Video: Dammy Krane – Amin&quot;], ''www.jaguda.com''&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|&quot;Sabi Dance&quot;
|Clarence Peters
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jaguda.com/music-mp3/video-dammy-krane-sabi-dance/|title=Video: Dammy Krane - Sabi Dance|date=27 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|&quot;Ụnyaahụ Enweghị Dey&quot;
|Prince Dovlo
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy Krane Singer is an impatient romantic man in 'Tomorrow no dey'|url=http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/dammy-krane-singer-is-an-impatient-romantic-man-in-tommorow-no-dey-id4091507.html|work=Pulse.com.gh|date=21 August 2015|publisher=David Mawuli|accessdate=16 February 2016|archivedate=12 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312051506/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/dammy-krane-singer-is-an-impatient-romantic-man-in-tommorow-no-dey-id4091507.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|&quot;Ọmarịcha&quot;
|[[Unlimited L.A|Unlimited L.A.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tooxclusive.com/davido-dammy-krane-izzue-prod-by-shizzi/|title=Davido &amp; Dammy Krane – &quot;Izzue&quot; (Prod. By Shizzi)|date=15 August 2015|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025549/https://tooxclusive.com/davido-dammy-krane-izzue-prod-by-shizzi/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|&quot;Nwa agbọghọ&quot;
|Ihe nkiri Cashboy
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Video: Dammy Krane - Girlfriend|url=https://tooxclusive.com/video-dammy-krane-girlfriend/|work=www.tooxclusive.com|date=16 November 2016|publisher=tooxclusive|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025542/https://tooxclusive.com/video-dammy-krane-girlfriend/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|&quot;Ọmarịcha Chineke (FOG) &quot;
|Ihe Ndị A Na-ahụ Anya
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy krane - Favour of God|url=https://tooxclusive.com/video-dammy-krane-favour-of-god/|work=www.tooxclusive.com|date=19 January 2016|publisher=tooxclusive|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025542/https://tooxclusive.com/video-dammy-krane-favour-of-god/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|&quot;Nwaanyị&quot;
|Clarence Peters
|&lt;ref&gt;[http://tooxclusive.com/video-download/video-dammy-krane-faleela/ &quot;VIDEO: Dammy Krane – &quot;Faleela&quot;&quot;], ''www.tooxclusive.com''&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|&quot;Mmetụta Mmetụta&quot;
|Ola Faronbi
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180220190612/https://www.360nobs.com/2017/10/video-dammy-krane-catch-feelings/ &quot;Dammy Krane – Catch Feelings&quot;], ''www.360nobs.com''&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|&quot;Kpe ekpere&quot;
|Ola Faronbi
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/09/new-video-dammy-krane-prayer/ &quot;New Video: Dammy Krane – Prayer&quot;], ''www.bellanaija.com''&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|&quot;Solo&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Olamide]]&lt;/small&gt; gosipụtara)
|Ihe Ndị A Na-ahụ Anya
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171118222546/http://olojoro.com.ng/video-dammy-krane-ft-olamide-solo/ &quot;VIDEO: Dammy Krane ft. Olamide – 'Solo'&quot;], ''www.olojoro.com.ng''&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|&quot;Ọkpụkpụ gị (Odoo Esisi Mi) &quot;
|Ola Faronbi
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy krane - Your body (Odoo Esisi Mi)|url=https://tooxclusive.com/dammy-krane-body-odoo-esisi-mi-new-video/|work=www.tooxclusive.com|date=8 December 2017|publisher=tooxclusive|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=21 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921131726/https://tooxclusive.com/dammy-krane-body-odoo-esisi-mi-new-video/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|&quot;Ohema&quot; nke gosipụtara Stonebwoy na Demarco
|ABFAD
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy Krane - Ohema ft. Stonebwoy x Demarco|url=https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/dammy-krane-ohema-ft-stonebwoy-x-demarco-low-ft-ycee-x-l-x-new-video/|work=www.naijamusic.com.ng|date=6 March 2018|publisher=Naijamusic|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=12 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912213237/https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/dammy-krane-ohema-ft-stonebwoy-x-demarco-low-ft-ycee-x-l-x-new-video/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|&quot;Amen&quot;
|Gbenga Gomes
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Video: dammy Krane - Amen|url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-dammy-krane-amen/|work=www.notjustok.com|date=15 October 2019|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025543/https://notjustok.com/videos/video-dammy-krane-amen/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|&quot;Always Say A Prayer (ASAP) na-egosi Peruzzi&quot;
|Worldstar na Gbenga Gomes
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dammy krane x Peruzzi Always Say a Prayer(ASAP)u|url=https://tooxclusive.com/dammy-krane-x-peruzzi-always-say-a-prayer-asap/|work=www.tooxclusive.com|date=16 August 2019|publisher=tooxclusive|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025543/https://tooxclusive.com/dammy-krane-x-peruzzi-always-say-a-prayer-asap/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|&quot;Kụọ m ego m&quot;
|Gbenga Gomes
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Video: Dammy Krane - Pay me my money|url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-dammy-krane-pay-me-my-money/|work=www.notjustok.com|date=24 July 2019|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=3 October 2023|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025542/https://notjustok.com/videos/video-dammy-krane-pay-me-my-money/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|&quot;Ọ dị ịtụnanya&quot;
|Onye ama ama n'ụwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Video: Dammy Krane - Wonder|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/10/dammy-krane-wonder-video/|work=www.bellanaija.com|date=28 October 2020|publisher=Bellanaija}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* &quot;[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/us-court-dismisses-forgery-case-dammy-krane/ Ụlọ ikpe US jụrụ ikpe ụgha megide Dammy Krane]&quot;. Ọgọst 17, 2017. ''Onye na-aga n'ihu''
{{Hypertek Digital}}{{authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>pcdy616i5durqv5he4dq1rapm3bdlqe</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bella Alubo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>701023</id>
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[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]]
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/exclusive-interview-bella-alubo-talks-career-issues-with-tinny-and-more/|title=Exclusive Interview: Bella Alubo talks career, issues with Tinny and more|date=11 March 2021|accessdate=11 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenativemag.com/music/draft-bella-alubo-dapo-turburna-just-got-signed/|title=DRAFT DAY: BELLA ALUBO AND DAPO TURBURNA JUST GOT SIGNED|publisher=thenative|author=Edwin Okolo|date=26 January 2017|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bella Alubo ( ከውጭ Mabel Alubo, 9 Ọgọst 1993) bụ onye egwu Naijiria, R&amp;B ọzọ, onye na-agụ hip-hop na onye na-ede abụ, [1] nke bịanyere aka na mbụ n'okpuru Tinny Entertainment n' watch Ycee

== Ndụ mbido ==
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/10/01/bella-how-i-make-nigerian-music-2/|title=Bella:Â How I MakeÂ Nigerian Music|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|author=Njideka Agbo|date=1 October 2017|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;Alubo si Benue State, [[Naijiria|Naigeria]], ma ná mmalite ma obodo Jos, o tolitere dị ka onye na-ede uri nke nyere ya ikike ịbụ onye na-ede abụ nwere nkà.

Na 2018, Alubo akpụkpọ EP collaborative, Late Night Vibrations with Ycee, [1] na EP na-esote, Re-Bella, na-egosi BOJ, Victoria Kimani, Efya, na Sho Madjozi .  Na 2019 she dropped summer over EP featuring [[Mr Eazi]], na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.  [2] Ya na Fasina na [[Lady Donli]] egwu ịgba egwu.  [3] N'August 2019 ọ shafukan &quot;Agbani&quot; remix, na-egosi Zlatan Ibile .  [4] A ahụmahụ ya maka omume na-ekwe nkwa ikiri na 2018 Nigeria Entertainment Awards wee depụta ya n'etiti ndị na-ese ihe na-ekwe nkwa 2018. [5] O nwere ihe ruru nde iri abụọ n'ofe ikpo okwu  dị iche iche.  Bella mechara hapụ Tinny Entertainment na Septemba 2018

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-17|title=Bella Alubo releases 5th project, 'Bella Buffet'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bella-alubo-releases-5th-project-bella-buffet/b7nk7lj|accessdate=2021-09-23|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 2021, o pụta album studio mpụta mbụ Bella Buffet wee pụtaghachi otu ọnọdụ ya nke nọmba Niniola Mee 2022, n'okpuru Benin City Entertainment

Na 2022 ọ bịanyere aka na akara ngosi Benin City Entertainment nke onye Naijiria-American, Elliot Osagìe hiwere. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwaezuoke|first=Chisom Anastasia|date=2021-05-14|title=#WorkinWomxn: Bella Allubo on Surviving Abuse From Music Exec|url=https://documentwomen.com/the-workinwomxn-who-survived-emotional-and-financial-abuse-from-her-record-label/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Document Women|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518115340/https://documentwomen.com/the-workinwomxn-who-survived-emotional-and-financial-abuse-from-her-record-label/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/the-notorious-bigs-estate-shares-new-single-goat-ft-ty-dolla-sign-and-bella-alubo-new-song.1994641.html|title=The Notorious B.I.G.'s Estate Shares New Single &quot;G.O.A.T.&quot; Ft. Ty Dolla $ign &amp; Bella Alubo’|date=20 May 2022|work=hotnewhiphop|accessdate=7 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/brad-callas/the-notorious-big-estate-shares-new-song-goat-featuring-ty-dolla-sign|title=The Notorious B.I.G.'s Estate Shares new Song &quot;G.O.A.T.&quot; f/ Ty Dolla Sign|work=complex|accessdate=7 December 2021|archivedate=23 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523001337/https://amp.www.complex.com/music/the-notorious-big-estate-shares-new-song-goat-featuring-ty-dolla-sign}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 2022, Bella sere n'otu n'otu site na The Notorious BIG ihuenyo GOAT n'ụdị Ty Dolla $ign nke Kayo na Elliot Osagìe akwụkwọ.  [1] Egwu ahụ nwere ike olu Biggie sitere na ndụ mgbe ọ nwụchara mkpa &quot;Mịpụta n'anya mgwakota agwa,&quot; ya na Jay-Z na Angela Winbush, nke o kwuru ndụ ya dị egwu.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.akpraise.com.ng/lady-donli-bella-alubo-tomi-owo-mz-kiss-kele-le-ep/|title=Lady Donli, Bella Alubo, Tomi Owo &amp; Mz Kiss – KELE-LE (EP)|date=27 May 2022|work=akpraise|accessdate=7 December 2021|archivedate=27 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527211948/https://www.akpraise.com.ng/lady-donli-bella-alubo-tomi-owo-mz-kiss-kele-le-ep/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 29 Mee 2022, Red Hot Org, bụ nnukwu fim HIV/AIDS, debara aha Bella maka ọrụ ọhụrụ Kele-le n'ụdị Lady Donli, Tomi Owo, Mz Kiss na Oshun.  [1] EP anɔ, nke na-a mmetụta enyi na pidgin na Kamar na-egosi atụ na Swahili, ọ bụghị nanị na-egosi nkà ndị na-ese ihe ọmụmụ na-achịkọta ha ọnụ maka met yiri ya.

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Album/EP ===

* &quot;Mma jijiji abalị&quot; (2018)
* &quot;Re-Bella&quot; (2018) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bella-alubo-re-bella-ep-review/e7g97wl|title=With 're-Bella', Bella Alubo finds the key to re-invent her evolving pop sound|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|author=Ehis Ohunyon|date=14 January 2019|accessdate=24 June 2020|archivedate=24 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224005329/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bella-alubo-re-bella-ep-review/e7g97wl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Oge okpomọkụ agafeela&quot; (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenativemag.com/music/bello-alubo-ep-summers-over/|title=BELLA ALUBO SHARES TRACKLIST FOR HER UPCOMING EP, ‘SUMMER’S OVER’|publisher=thenative|author=Tami Makinde|date=18 October 2019|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bella-alubo-summers-over-ep-review/yf3tjj7|title=Bella Alubo continues to find her feet on 'Summer's Over' [EP Review]|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|author=Motolani Alake|date=6 November 2019|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Bella Buffet&quot; (2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-17|title=Bella Alubo releases 5th project, 'Bella Buffet'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bella-alubo-releases-5th-project-bella-buffet/b7nk7lj|accessdate=2021-09-23|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị otu ahọpụtara ===
Nke a bụ ndepụta egwu egwu Bella Alubo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://genius.com/artists/Bella-alubo|title=Bella Alubo|publisher=Genius|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* &quot;Redio&quot;
* &quot;Agbani&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenativemag.com/music/listen-bella-alubos-new-single-agbani/|title=LISTEN TO BELLA ALUBO’S NEW SINGLE, “AGBANI”|publisher=thenative|author=Dennis Ade Peter|date=15 August 2019|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Gimme Love&quot;

=== Dị ka egosipụtara ===

* ''Ewu'' ( The Notorious BIG feat. Ty Dolla $ign na Bella Alubo) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/notorious-b-i-g-new-song-goat-ty-dolla-sign-1356219/|title=A Notorious B.I.G. Classic Gets Flipped Into a New Song Featuring Ty Dolla $ign, Bella Alubo|date=21 May 2022|work=rollingstone|accessdate=7 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Award na nhọpụta ==
Alubo enwetala ụfọdụ nkwanye ugwu na nhọpụta nke gụnyere Nigeria Entertainment Awards maka 2018 Most Promising Act to Watch. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/duncan-mighty-nominated-for-the-2018-nigerian-entertainment-awards/|title=Duncan Mighty Nominated For The 2018 Nigerian Entertainment Awards|publisher=guardian|author=Njideka Agbo|date=13 September 2018|accessdate=24 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alubo, Bella}} 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eagle Wings</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36162</id>
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{{Databox}}

'''''Eagle Wings''''' nke a makwaara dị ka '''''Eagle Wings: an Air Force Story''''' bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri agha Naịjirịa nke 2021 nke Paul Apel Papel duziri. A kọwara ya dị ka ihe nkiri mbụ sitere na ndị agha Naịjirịa. Ihe nkiri a gosikwara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ nke nnukwu mmekorita dị n'etiti [[Nigerian Armed Forces|ndị agha Naijiria]] na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Nollywood. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.guardian.ng/art/nollywood-nigerian-air-force-collaborates-on-eagle-wings/|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=m.guardian.ng|title=Nollywood, Nigerian Air Force collaborate on Eagle Wings|date=31 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a gbadoro ụkwụ na mgba, nraranye na ịchụ aja ndị agha Naịjirịa na-alụ ọgụ na ọgụ ha na -alụ na mpaghara ugwu Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-05|title=Nigeria: Nollywood, NAF Blockbuster 'Eagle Wings' Set for Cinema|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202103050052.html|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.guardian.ng/news/at-launch-of-air-force-movie-minister-craves-support-for-military/|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=m.guardian.ng|title=At launch of Air Force movie, minister craves support for military|date=21 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ wepụtara ihe nkiri ya na 12 Maachị 2021 wee meghee nnyocha agwakọtara site na ndị nkatọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwogu|first=Precious|date=2021-02-22|title='Ponzi', 'La Femme Anjola', here is a list of Nigerian movies coming to cinemas in March|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nigerian-movies-in-cinemas-this-march/32yg1he|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222131316/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nigerian-movies-in-cinemas-this-march/32yg1he|archivedate=2021-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-08|title='Eagle Wings' release date confirmed|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagle-wings-release-date-confirmed/l40bszy|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị mere ihe nkiri a ==

* Enyinna Nwigwe dị ka Nuru
* Nwaanyị Jacobs
* [[Yakubu Muhammed]]
* [[Uzee Usman]]
* Funky Mallam
* Ndidi Ujah
* [[Sadiq Daba]] dị ka onye isi ala Naijiria
* Francis Duru
* Iyke Odiase
* Nazaret Jesse
* Sidney Idiala
* Stephanie Apel

== Mmepụta ==
Paul Apel Papel kwuputara ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ma nyekwa aka dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ mmepụta ya Papel Productions. Nigerian Air Force banyekwara n'ụgbọ mmiri dịka ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri a wee mee ka ọ bụrụ njikọ aka mbụ n'etiti Nigerian Film Corporation na Nigerian Air Force Investments Limited. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-14|title=Eagle Wings Thrills Cinema Lovers|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/14/eagle-wings-thrills-cinema-lovers/|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo; Ọ bụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019 ka a kọrọ na ndị agha Naịjirịa na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria jikọrọ aka mee ihe nkiri ndị agha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-08|title=Check out first photos from Nollywood and the Nigerian Military's first film collaboration|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/check-out-first-photos-from-nollywood-and-the-nigerian-militarys-first-film/5wd01sx|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017210315/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/check-out-first-photos-from-nollywood-and-the-nigerian-militarys-first-film/5wd01sx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emere akụkọ ihe nkiri a site n'akụkọ ndụ ndị ọrụ agha Naịjirịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa Naịjirịa kwadoro ya na Twitter . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-10|title=Everything you need to know about Nollywood and Nigerian military's film collaboration|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/everything-you-need-to-know-about-nollywood-and-nigerian-militarys-film-collaboration/n48ejx7|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isi foto nke Eagle Wings malitere na 25 February 2020 nke bụkwa ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Producer/Director Paul Apel Papel na steeti [[Kaduna]] . Ihe nkiri a gara n'ihu n'ụzọ zuru oke malite na February 2020 ruo Eprel 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=Blockbuster film 'Eagle Wings' set to hit Nigerian cinemas|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagle-wings-blockbuster-film-set-to-hit-nigerian-cinemas/0bgmp64|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụsịkwara ihe nkiri a n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 mana mmepụta ahụ gara n'ihu na nkwado nke ndị agha Naijiria. A kọrọ na ndị agha ụgbọ elu Naijiria nyere enyemaka ego afọ ofufo dị mkpa, akụrụngwa na ngwa ngwa iji mee ka mmepụta ihe nkiri ahụ dị mma. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-16|title='Eagle Wings' Is A Love Letter From The Nigerian Air Force To Nigerians - A Fan Review|url=https://thenet.ng/eagle-wings-is-a-love-letter-from-the-nigerian-air-force-to-nigerians-a-fan-review/|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eji ezigbo ụgbọ elu na ngwa agha ndị agha ụgbọelu Naijiria wee mee ihe nkiri a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-01|title=Watch the official trailer for Papel Apel's 'Eagle Wings'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-official-trailer-for-papel-apels-eagle-wings/s5q4xny|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emere ihe nkiri a n'ọtụtụ ebe na ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị na Kaduna, [[Maiduguri]] na Abuja. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-01|title=Watch the official trailer 'Eagle Wings' directed by Paul Apel Papel|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-official-trailer-eagle-wings-directed-by-paul-papel/ql8hmms|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gosikwara na ndị ọrụ ụgbọelu Naịjirịa nyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ ọzụzụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Ejiri igwefoto dị elu na ngwa agha mee ihe nkiri ahụ wee bụrụ ihe nkiri Nigeria mbụ jiri nnukwu akụrụngwa agha. Ọ ghọkwara ihe nkiri Nollywood izizi agbagoro site na iji anya m anya Atlaslenses Orion 2x anamorphic na igwefoto obere Arri Alexa. N'ezie, agbagburu akụkụ ihe onyonyo onyonyo na igwefoto ihe nkiri Arri nwere usoro Open Gate na 4444XQ codec site na iji lenses anamorphic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=Blockbuster film 'Eagle Wings' set to hit Nigerian cinemas|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagle-wings-blockbuster-film-set-to-hit-nigerian-cinemas/0bgmp64|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emechara ọrụ mmepụta ihe na uwe mgbasa ozi Papel Image Tech dị na Abuja. Ihe nkiri a gosikwara ntọhapụ nke Sadiq Daba mgbe ọ nwụsịrị bụ onye a tụrụ ụdọ n'ọrụ dịka onye isi ala Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-19|title=Nollywood-Military movie, Eagle Wings premieres in Lagos|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/nollywood-military-movie-eagle-wings-premieres-in-lagos/|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mweputa ==
E mere ngosi mbu nke ihe nkiri a n'Abuja kpọmkwem otu afọ ka e mesịrị ya na 25 February 2021 wee malite ya na Lagos na 7 Maachị 2021 tupu e wepụta ihe nkiri nke mba na 12 Maachị 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=Nigeria's first-ever military movie 'Eagle Wings' premieres in Lagos|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/447680-nigerias-first-ever-military-movie-eagle-wings-premieres-in-lagos.html|accessdate=2021-04-06|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-04|title=Eagle Wings movie premieres in Lagos!|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagle-wings-movie-premieres-in-lagos/8kw2zgl|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423145953/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagle-wings-movie-premieres-in-lagos/8kw2zgl}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=Nolly wood and Nigerian military's film collaboration 'Eagles Wings' premieres in Abuja|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagles-wings-premieres-in-abuja/mhgn590|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226195108/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eagles-wings-premieres-in-abuja/mhgn590}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Onye e nyere ya
!Nsonaazụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
|2021
|Ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy
|Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru n'ịmepụta ejiji
|''Nnụnụ Ugo''|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Banjo|first=Noah|date=2021-10-29|title=FULL LIST: Ayinla, Omo Ghetto: The Saga bag multiple nominations at AMAA 2021|url=https://punchng.com/full-list-ayinla-omo-ghetto-the-saga-bag-multiple-nominations-at-amaa-2021/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029222426/https://punchng.com/full-list-ayinla-omo-ghetto-the-saga-bag-multiple-nominations-at-amaa-2021/|archivedate=2021-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[Nollywood Travel Film Festival]]
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma
|''Nnụnụ Ugo''
|Onye mmeri
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt14188284}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Day of Destiny</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{Databox}}

'''''Day of Destiny''''' nke a makwaara dị ka '''''DOD''''' bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri sci-fi nke Naijiria nke 2021 nke Akay Mason na Abosi Ogba dere ma duzie. Abosi Ogba mere directorial mpụta mbụ na ihe nkiri a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-19|title=Anthill studios is set to release Nollywood's first-ever time travel film titled 'DOD'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/anthill-studios-is-set-to-release-nollywoods-first-ever-time-travel-film-titled-dod/7dsk85r|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri gosiputara [[Olumide Oworu]], Denola Grey, Norbert Young na [[Toyin Abraham]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-02|title='Day of Destiny' Berths|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/02/day-of-destiny-berths/|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-21|title='DOD': Everything you need to know about Nigeria's first family adventure film|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/dod-everything-you-need-to-know-about-nigerias-first-family-adventure-film/0z3hvsg|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114173843/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/dod-everything-you-need-to-know-about-nigerias-first-family-adventure-film/0z3hvsg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a gbadoro ụkwụ na njem dị omimi nke ụmụnna nwoke abụọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma bụ́ ndị na-eme njem laa azụ n'ime afọ 20 iji gbanwee akụ̀ na ụba nke ezinụlọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nollywood Sci-fi Film, Day of Destiny Finally Hits Cinemas Nationwide|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2021/01/01/nollywood-sci-fi-film-day-of-destiny-finally-hits-cinemas-nationwide/|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa ihe nkiri njem ezinụlọ mbụ nke Naijiria yana ihe nkiri njem oge mbụ nke Nigeria ma bụrụkwa ihe nkiri Nigeria izizi ewepụtara na 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-29|title=Watch the teaser for 'DOD' directed by Akay Mason and Abosi Ogba|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-teaser-for-dod-directed-by-akay-mason-and-abosi-ogba/y5vx5p1|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120105626/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-teaser-for-dod-directed-by-akay-mason-and-abosi-ogba/y5vx5p1}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=You are being redirected...|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/inkblot-partners-with-anthill-anakle-on-new-movie-day-of-destiny/|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=businessday.ng|date=2 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị mere ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Olumide Oworu]] dị ka Chidi
* Denola Grey dị ka Rotimi
* Norbert Young
* [[Toyin Abraham]]
* [[Jide Kosoko]]
* [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]]
* [[Ini Dima-Okojie|N'asụsụ Dima-Okojie]]
* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]]
* [[Broda Shaggi]]
* Tega Akpobome

== Ntọhapụ ==
Ekwesịrị ka ewepụtara ihe nkiri a na mbụ na 30 Ọktoba 2020 mana ebigharịrị ya na Jenụwarị 1, 2021 n'ihi ngagharị ngagharị SARS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-10|title='D.O.D' producers confirm new release date|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dod-producers-confirm-new-release-date/96160x5|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ wepụtara ihe nkiri ya na Jenụwarị 1, 2021 dabara na Afọ Ọhụrụ wee meghee nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ ma bụrụkwa ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọfịs ihe nkiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-01|title=Here's the official trailer for 'DOD' starring Denola Grey, Toyin Abraham, Blossom Chukwujekwu|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-the-official-trailer-for-dod-starring-denola-grey-toyin-abraham-blossom/g5v30h3.amp|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=2024-02-14|archivedate=2021-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114103659/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-the-official-trailer-for-dod-starring-denola-grey-toyin-abraham-blossom/g5v30h3.amp}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ya na Netflix na 13 Julaị 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-29|title='DOD', 'Sanitation Day' coming to Netflix in July|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dod-sanitation-day-coming-to-netflix-in-july/rcfsq82|access-date=2021-09-22|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Onye e nyere ya
!Nsonaazụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
|2022
|Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
|Onye nduzi nka kacha mma
|Chris Udomi| {{pending}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021|accessdate=2022-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}} </text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catherine Meyburgh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>37018</id>
    <revision>
      <id>701029</id>
      <parentid>541538</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T02:34:36Z</timestamp>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block&quot;&gt;Catherine Meyburgh&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |South Africa
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọrụ (s) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |onye nduzi ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-ese ihe, onye na
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1983
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A maara ya maka&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |''[[Dying for Gold|Ịnwere Ọlaedo]]''
|}
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://opera.org.au/artists/catherine-meyburgh|title=Catherine Meyburgh {{!}} Opera Australia|work=opera.org.au|accessdate=2019-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''Catherine Meyburgh''' bụ onye nchịkọta ihe nkiri South Africa, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na'ese ihe na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nchịkọta ihe nkiri na 1983 na-elekwasị anya na ihe ngosi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.berlinerfestspiele.de/en/berliner-festspiele/programm/bfs-kuenstler/bfs_kuenstler_detail_177879.html|title=Catherine Meyburgh - Biography|author=Festspiele|first=Berliner|work=www.berlinerfestspiele.de|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-13|archivedate=2019-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113072559/https://www.berlinerfestspiele.de/en/berliner-festspiele/programm/bfs-kuenstler/bfs_kuenstler_detail_177879.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ n'ihe karịrị ihe ngosi 30 nke a na-egosi na telivishọn na Arte, Channel 4, BBC na NBC. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri animated nke onye omenkà a ma ama nke oge a bụ William Kentridge na 1990s. Dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri opera, ya na ndị omenkà ibe ya ama ama gụnyere [[Leora Farber]], [[Georgia Papageorge]] na Willem Boshoff arụkọwo ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/opera/collaboration-key-in-opera-australia-production-of-alban-bergs-wozzeck-20190124-h1ag8c.html|title=Collaboration key in Opera Australia production of Alban Berg's Wozzeck|author=Galvin|first=Nick|date=2019-01-24|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtara atụmatụ ọrụ ya n'ihe ngosi mba ụwa dị iche iche e mere na New York, Paris. [1] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encounters.co.za/guest/catherine-meyburgh/|title=Catherine Meyburgh|work=Encounters South African International Documentary Film Festival|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-13|archivedate=2019-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113072557/https://www.encounters.co.za/guest/catherine-meyburgh/}}&lt;/ref&gt; malitekwara ọrụ akpọrọ The Head &amp; the Load na ndị na-ese ihe William Kentridge, Philip Miller na [[Thuthuka Sibisi]].

=== ''Kentridge na Dumas na mkparịta ụka'' ===
Ntuziaka ya Kentridge &amp; Dumas na Conversation dabeere na ezigbo akụkọ nke ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a bụ William Kentridge na [[Marlene Dumas]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/54546/Kentridge---Dumas-in-Conversation|title=Kentridge and Dumas in Conversation|author=|first=|date=|work=www.cultureunplugged.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113053405/https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/54546/Kentridge---Dumas-in-Conversation|archivedate=2019-11-13|accessdate=2019-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artfilms.com.au/item/in-conversation-kentridge-and-dumas|title=In Conversation: Kentridge &amp; Dumas|work=www.artfilms.com.au|accessdate=2019-11-13|archivedate=2019-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113112000/https://www.artfilms.com.au/item/in-conversation-kentridge-and-dumas}}&lt;/ref&gt;-ekpughe abụọ n'ime ha na-etinye aka na mkparịta ụka gbasara eserese, eserese na ime ihe nkiri.

=== ''Ịnwere Ọlaedo'' ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.screenafrica.com/2019/04/29/film/business/catherine-meyburgh-and-richard-pakleppas-dying-for-gold-premieres-at-hot-docs-in-canada/|title=Catherine Meyburgh and Richard Pakleppa's Dying for Gold premieres at Hot Docs in Canada|author=|date=2019-04-29|work=Screen Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dyingforgold.com/|title=Dying for Gold|work=www.dyingforgold.com|accessdate=2019-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; so onye nduzi ihe nkiri Dying for Gold ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Namibia bụ [[Richard Pakleppa]] nke na-egosi akụkọ a na-akọghị banyere igwu ala na South Africa. Ihe nkiri ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.encounters.co.za/film/dying-for-gold/|title=Dying for Gold|work=Encounters South African International Documentary Film Festival|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-13|archivedate=2019-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020204558/https://www.encounters.co.za/film/dying-for-gold/}}&lt;/ref&gt;-akọwa ihe isi ike ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ala na-eche ihu mgbe ha na-etinye aka na ịchọ ọlaedo.

== Ihe nkiri ==
'''Dị ka onye na-ese iheOnye na-ese ihe nkiri'''

* 1996 - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/ubu/ UBU] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ubu and the Truth Commission » MITsp|url=https://mitsp.org/2014/en/portfolio/ubu-and-the-truth-commission/|accessdate=2022-01-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) {{!}} Opera|url=https://www.nntt.jac.go.jp/english/productions/opera/die-zauberflote-2018.html|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=NEW NATIONAL THEATRE, TOKYO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; - The Magic Flute/Die Zauberflöte nke Mozart [1]
* 2005 - Black Box/Chamber Noire[https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/black-box-chambre-noire/ Igbe Ojii / Igwe Ojii]
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brave art|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/brave-art-20150430|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cotter|first=Holland|date=2013-11-28|title=William Kentridge: 'The Refusal of Time'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/29/arts/design/william-kentridge-the-refusal-of-time.html|accessdate=2022-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Met Museum|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/online-features/metcollects/the-refusal-of-time|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=www.metmuseum.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404001357/http://www.metmuseum.org/art/online-features/metcollects/the-refusal-of-time|archivedate=2016-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/the-refusal-of-time/ Ịjụ Oge na Ịjụ Oge] [1] [2] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-11|title=William Kentridge's witty animations unravel the nature of time|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/art-artists/kentridge-london-season/|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010 - The Nose nke Shostakovitch
* 2015 - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/lulu/ Lulu] nke Alban Berg
* 2016 - [https://contemporaryand.com/exhibition/bikohausen-steve-bantu-biko-and-karlheinz-stockhausen-in-johannesburg-1971/ Bikohausen]
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wozzeck: The Full Kentridge and Beyond|url=https://www.schmopera.com/wozzeck-the-full-kentridge-and-beyond/|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=Schmopera|language=en-ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/wozzeck/ Wozzeck] nke Alban Berg [1]
* 2018 - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/wozzeck/ Isi na Ibu]
* 2019 - [https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/mining-bodies-exhibition-opening-and-panel-discussion Mmanụ ala]
* - Ihe si otú a bịa [1]

=== Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ===

* 1988 - ''Nnupụisi nke mbara igwe''
* 1988 - ''Tyger, Tyger na-enwu gbaa''
* 1988 - [https://kevinharris.co.za/namibia-no-easy-road-to-freedom-1988/ Namibia, ọ dịghị ụzọ dị mfe maka nnwere onwe]
* 1990 - Enweghị Ebe Ịga Egwuregwu
* 1992 - Ehi ụrọ
* 1994 - [https://thebomb.co.za/item/soweto-a-history/ Soweto, akụkọ ihe mere eme]
* 1997 - [https://kevinharris.co.za/sabc-tv-20-years-the-untold-story/ SABC 20 afọ, akụkọ a na-akọghị]
* 1998 - [https://kevinharris.co.za/robert-sobukwe-a-tribute-to-integrity-1997/ Robert Sobukwe]
* 1998 - Yizo Yizo 1
* 1998 - Ịtụle... [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/drawings-for-projection/ Ịtụle ihe n'ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀...] [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/drawings-for-projection/ na ịchọ]
* 1998 - Ala Alan Paton hụrụ n'anya[https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194512/https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/mrcvault/videographies/alan-patons-beloved-country Mba Alan Paton hụrụ n'anya]
* 1999 - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/drawings-for-projection/ Stereoscope]
* 1999 - [https://mubi.com/films/portrait-of-a-young-man-drowning Foto nke Nwa okorobịa Na-eri Mmiri]
* 2000 - ''Guguletu asaa'' [https://lindywilsonproductions.co.za/films-and-dvds/]
* 2000 - Obodo Mkpụrụ Obi
* 2000 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20220105115253/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b86fc58ba Sol Plaatje, Nwoke Maka Oge Anyị]
* 2001 - ''Yizo Yizo 2''
* 2003 - 7 Fragments maka Georges Méliès na Journey to the Moon[https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/7-fragments-for-georges-melies/ 7 Akụkụ maka Georges Méliès na Njem N'ọnwa]
* 2003 - Sophiatown''Obodo Sophiatown''
* 2003 - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/drawings-for-projection/ Tebụl Mmiri]
* 2003 - [https://www.moma.org/collection/works/130952 Ụbọchị Maka abalị]
* 2003 - [https://africa.si.edu/collections/objects/16816/africa-rifting-lines-of-fire-namibiabrazil;ctx=eecd39914832b419fc154416e897084bc0549056&amp;idx=14 Africa Rifting, akara ọkụ]
* 2004 - ''Enweghị Nnwere Onwe''
* 2005 - ''Ịgafe Ụzọ''
* 2006 - ''[https://www.heartlines.org.za/films/heartlines Obi]''
* 2006 - ''[https://www.firsthandfilms.com/films/#film-1000217-Angola_-_Saudades_From_the_One_Who_Loves_You Angola: Saudades si n'aka Onye hụrụ gị n'anya]''
* 2006 - ''Ihe Nzuzo nke Bushman''
* 2006 - Abụ m abụghị m, ịnyịnya abụghị nke m [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/the-nose/] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tate|title=William Kentridge: I am not me, the horse is not mine – Exhibition at Tate Modern|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/exhibition/william-kentridge-i-am-not-me-horse-not-mine|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=Tate|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007 - ''Ìhè nke Ndị Nwanyị ọcha''
* 2007 - REwind: A Cantata for Voice,Tape &amp; Testimony[https://gaudino.williams.edu/past-programming/rewind-a-cantata-for-voice-tape-and-testimony/ REwind: A Cantata maka Olu, Teepụ &amp; Akaebe]
* 2007 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130143612/https://www.kentridge.studio/?s=what+will+come#!jig%5B1%5D/ML/14985 Ihe ga-abịa (abịala)] 
* 2008 - ''Gugu na Andile''
* 2008 - Akụkọ ọbara[https://stevemorrisonart.blogspot.com/2013/05/georgia-papageorges-rifts-and-bloodlines.html Akara ọbara]
* 2009 - Nke m dị njikere ịnwụ[https://lindywilsonproductions.co.za/films-and-dvds/ Maka nke m dị njikere ịnwụ]
* 2009 - ''Kentridge na Dumas na mkparịta ụka''
* 2009 - Na-eku ume, Na-agbanyụ ma Na-alaghachi[https://www.goodman-gallery.com/exhibitions/439 Na-eku ume, na-agbaze ma na-alaghachi]
* 2011 - [https://www.kentridge.studio/projects/drawings-for-projection/ Ihu Ndị Ọzọ]
* 2011 - ''Bettie''
* 2012 - Mmasị nke Mmiri Ozuzo''Mmasị Mmiri Ozuzo''
* 2013 - ''Nelson Mandela: Akụkọ ifo na m''
* 2014 - Egwuregwu Ahụike/ Egwuregwu Corpo''Egwuregwu ahụ / Egwuregwu ahụ''
* 2014 - ''Mgbe anyị bụ Black 2''
* 2018 - Ịnwụ Maka Ọlaedo [1]''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Davis|first=Rebecca|date=2019-07-04|title=SILICOSIS: Dying for Gold: New documentary lays bare the stark debt SA owes its miners|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-07-04-dying-for-gold-new-documentary-lays-bare-the-stark-debt-sa-owes-its-miners/|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Molelekwa|first=By: Thabo|date=2021-04-29|title='Can they just pay me before I die?'|url=https://www.newframe.com/can-they-just-pay-me-before-i-die/|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=New Frame|archivedate=2022-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105134104/https://www.newframe.com/can-they-just-pay-me-before-i-die/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [http://dyingforgold.com/ Ọlaedo] [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The untold story of the making of South Africa|url=https://africasacountry.com/2020/03/the-untold-story-of-the-making-of-south-africa|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=africasacountry.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
* 2020 - [https://iafrica.com/sa-short-film-deliver-me-in-competition-at-cairo-international-film-festival/ Pịpụta M]
* 2021 - Ihe E Ji Eme Ihe[https://web.archive.org/web/20240225202503/https://movingcube.uj.ac.za/exhibitions/ghosted-matter-phantom-hurt-and-other-chimera/ Ihe Ndị E Ji Eme Eme Ihe]

=== Dị ka onye nduzi ===

* 1992 - Ehi ụrọ
* 1998 - Ala Alan Paton hụrụ n'anya[https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194512/https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/mrcvault/videographies/alan-patons-beloved-country Mba Alan Paton hụrụ n'anya]
* 2008 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20240225202502/https://archive.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/autoav-002 Viva Madiba, dike maka oge niile]
* 2009 - ''Kentridge na Dumas na mkparịta ụka''
* 2011 - ''Bettie''
* 2018 - ''Ịnwere Ọlaedo''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

'''Dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe'''

* 1992 - Ehi ụrọ
* 1998 - Ala Alan Paton hụrụ n'anya[https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194512/https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/mrcvault/videographies/alan-patons-beloved-country Mba Alan Paton hụrụ n'anya]
* 2007 - ''Ìhè nke Ndị Nwanyị ọcha''
* 2012 - Mmasị nke Mmiri Ozuzo''Mmasị Mmiri Ozuzo''
* 2018 - Ịnwụ Maka Ọlaedo]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

'''Ihe nkiri'''

* 2016 - Nchịkwa - David Koloane
* 2019 - Ihe na-enweghị isi - David Koloane
* 2021 - Mmetụta Phantom[https://web.archive.org/web/20240225202503/https://movingcube.uj.ac.za/exhibitions/ghosted-matter-phantom-hurt-and-other-chimera/ Mmetụta Na-adịghị Mma]

== Edensibia ==
nwanyị. Ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/witness/archive/local-ufo-believer-in-film-about-extraterrestrial-lover-klarer-20150430|title=Local UFO believer in film about extraterrestrial lover Klarer|work=news24.com|accessdate=2021-10-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Good Planets Are Hard to Find, bụ banyere [[Elizabeth Klarer]]. N'afọ 2016, ọ duziri ihe ngosi, ''[[Alison (ihe nkiri)|Alison]]'', nke dabeere na akwụkwọ Marianne Thamm, I Have Life{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Meyburgh, Catherine}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aï Keita</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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{{Databox}}'''Aï Keïta Yara''' bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Burkina Faso|Burkinabè]] &lt;ref name=&quot;coulidiati&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=6e édition des JCFA : Aï Keïta Yara entre joie et déception|url=https://burkina24.com/2020/03/07/6e-edition-des-jcfa-ai-keita-yara-entre-joie-et-deception/|accessdate=5 January 2023|work=Burkina24.com - Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|date=7 March 2020|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye jagoran na-eduga na ihe nkiri 1986 Sarraounia .

== Ọrụ ==
Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ ''Sarraounia'' (1986), ebe ọ na-akpọ [[Sarraounia]], eze nwanyị a na-akpọ aha ihe nkiri ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/Keita.html|title=Sisters of the Screen: Women of Africa on Film Video and Television|author=Ellerson|first=Beti|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2000|isbn=9780865437135|location=[[Trenton, New Jersey]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Sarraounia'' meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hondo|first=Med|date=1997-04-26|title=Sarraounia: An Epic of Resistance|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/mata/19/1/article-p151_13.xml|journal=Matatu|language=en|volume=19|issue=1|pages=151–158|doi=10.1163/18757421-90000262|issn=1875-7421}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ nwere ike ime ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn, gụnyere 2004 comedy-drama ''[[Tasuma]]'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Quist-Arcton|first=Ofeibea|date=2001-02-26|title=Africa: Ai Keita Yara - From Queen to Soothsayer, From Celluloid to Video|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200102260050.html|accessdate=2021-04-21|work=allAfrica|language=en|archivedate=2021-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421124812/https://allafrica.com/stories/200102260050.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri 30 &lt;ref name=&quot;coulidiati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Coulidiati|first=Patrick|title=Cinéma :Aï Keita / Yara : Comédienne|url=https://www.artistesbf.org/ai-keita-yara-comedienne/|work=ArtistesBF|accessdate=4 January 2023|language=fr-FR|date=10 September 2011}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCoulidiati2011&quot;&gt;Coulidiati, Patrick (10 September 2011). [https://www.artistesbf.org/ai-keita-yara-comedienne/ &quot;Cinéma :Aï Keita / Yara : Comédienne&quot;]. ''ArtistesBF'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 January&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere ihe nkiri 1995 ''Haramuya'' &lt;ref&gt;''Frame by Frame III: A Filmography of the African Diasporan Image'', 1994-2004. (2007). United States: [[Indiana University Press]]. p323&lt;/ref&gt; na ihe nkiri 2018 ''[[Laskar Atọ ahụ|The Three Lascars]]'' ( [[Asụsụ French|French]] : ''Les trois lascars).'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.africajarc.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DP-LES-3-LASCARS-V10.pdf|title=Les trois lascars|publisher=FESPACO 2021|chapter=Casting|accessdate=4 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka nke 2011, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ obodo na-hazi ndị ntorobịa na Yalgado National Hospital Center na Ouagadougou . &lt;ref name=&quot;coulidiati&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Keïta fim na ụmụ abụọ, na-asụ Fula, Dyula, Mooré, Zarma na French. &lt;ref name=&quot;coulidiati&quot;/&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;coulidiati&quot; /&gt;A mind nna nna ya na Senegal, tupu ya na nke mbụ ya gaa Burkina Faso.  [1] Mgbe o rutere Burkina Faso, ọ na-enwe otu mgbaàmà si obodo Mardaga dị na Tapoa Province nke mechara bụrụ nne nne Keïta.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{authority control}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|0450950}}
* [http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=6238 Aï Keïta Yara on Africultures] (in [[Asụsụ French|French]])
{{Med Hondo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Keita,Aï}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Fride Mekong na Iroume</title>
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'''Fride Mekong à Iroume''' (amụrụ (1985-07-08 )  ) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ volley nke Cameroon. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị mba Cameroon wee gbaa [[FAP VB|FAP Yaoundé]] egwu na 2014. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu mba Cameroon na asọmpi Volleyball ụmụ nwanyị 2014 FIVB na Italy. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Team Roster – Cameroon|url=http://italy2014.fivb.org/en/competition/teams/CMR-Cameroon/team_roster|work=italy2014.fivb.org|date=|accessdate=1 October 2014|archivedate=14 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014232511/http://italy2014.fivb.org/en/competition/teams/CMR-Cameroon/team_roster}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Klọb ==

* [[FAP VB|FAP Yaoundé]] (2014)

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: Mekong a Iroume, Fride}}
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{{Databox}}'''Abdi Fufa''' (amuru 27 Septemba 1995) &lt;ref name=&quot;world_athletics_profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abdi Fufa|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/abdi-fufa-14643286|accessdate=11 July 2020|work=World Athletics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712131904/https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/abdi-fufa-14643286|archivedate=2020-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; bu onye oso ogologo oge Etiopia . Ọ gbara asọmpi n'ọsọ ndị okenye na asọmpi mba ụwa nke 2019 IAAF nke emere na Aarhus, Denmark. &lt;ref name=&quot;senior_men_race_iaaf_world_cross_country_2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Senior men's race|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6265/AT-XSE-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-1530503012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706223921/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6265/AT-XSE-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-1530503012|archivedate=6 July 2020|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụchara n'ọkwa iri na ise. &lt;ref name=&quot;senior_men_race_iaaf_world_cross_country_2019&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Abdi Fufa at World Athletics 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fufa, Abdi}}
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*[[Northern Illinois University]] B.S
*[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] M.A and M.F.A.
*[[University of Chicago]] Ph.D.}}|occupation=*painter
*professor
*art historian}}

&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Honorees and Distinguished Speakers|url=https://art.howard.edu/porter-colloquium/honorees-and-distinguished-speakers|work=Howard University Art Department|accessdate=31 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Freida High Wasikhongo Tesfagiorgis ( nánnọ Ọktoba 21, 1946) [1] bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye ọkọ-ozi ihe mere eme, na onye na-ahụ maka ime na-ahụ anya nke gbadoro anya na nka African American, ọgbara ọhụrụ na  nke ogbugbu a, African Diaspora, na European Art and Primitivism ọgbara ọhụrụ.  [2] Ọ bụ Prọfesọ Emerita, Ngalaba American-American Studies, Gender &amp; Women's Studies, na Art, Mahadum Wisconsin-Madison .  N'afọ 2021, ọ bụ onye nna nke ihe nrite mmeri ndụ na 31st kwa afọ James A. Porter Colloquium na Art American Art na Mahadum Howard

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Tesfagiorgis natara AA site na Graceland College, Lamoni, Iowa, BS na Mahadum Northern Illinois, DeKalb, Illinois, MA na MFA sitere na Mahadum Wisconsin-Madison, yana Ph.D.  sitere na Mahadum Chicago &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://afroamericanstudies.wisc.edu/people/tesfagiorgis.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306171716/https://afroamericanstudies.wisc.edu/people/tesfagiorgis.html|archivedate=2016-03-06|title=Freida High W. Tesfagiorgis, Faculty, Department of Afro-American Studies|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|work=www.wisconsin.edu|accessdate=2019-11-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbipụta ==

* Tesfagiorgis, Freida High W.. 1987. &quot;Afrofemcentrism na Art nke Elizabeth Catlett na Faith Ringgold.&quot; ''Sage; Atlanta, Ga.'' 4 (1). &lt;ref&gt;ISSN 0741-8639&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tesfagiorgis, Freida High W. 1993. &quot;N'ịchọ okwu na nkatọ / s nke dị n'etiti nka nke ndị oji ojii.&quot; Gụnyere na:

:* 1993. ''Theorizing Black Feminisms: The Visionary Pragmatism of Black Women'', deziri Stanlie M. James na Abena PA Busia . London ; New York: Routledge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&amp;searchArg=92047346&amp;searchType=1&amp;permalink=y|title=Theorizing black feminisms: the visionary pragmatism of Black women|date=November 18, 1993|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:* 1997. ''Ọhụụ Gendered: Art of Contemporary Africana Women Artists'', deziri Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art na Salah M. Hassan. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&amp;searchArg=97013331&amp;searchType=1&amp;permalink=y|title=Gendered visions: the art of contemporary Africana women artists|date=November 18, 1997|publisher=Africa World Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:* 2001. ''Nkatọ omenala ndị nwanyị ojii.'' ''Keyworks na ọmụmụ omenala'' , nke Jacqueline Bobo deziri. 3. Malden, Mas: Blackwell. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&amp;searchArg=00057916&amp;searchType=1&amp;permalink=y|title=Black feminist cultural criticism|editor=Bobo|date=November 18, 2001|publisher=Blackwell}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:* 2015. ''Feminism-Art-Theory: Anthology 1968-2014'', nke Hilary Robinson deziri . Mbipụta nke abụọ. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&amp;searchArg=2014043992&amp;searchType=1&amp;permalink=y|title=Feminism-art-theory: an anthology 1968-2014|editor=Robinson|date=November 18, 2015|publisher=Wiley Blackwell}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Elu, Freida. 1999. &quot;Otu ihe jikọrọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nka na nwanyị ojii: Framing Nigeria.&quot; In ''Contemporary Textures: Multidimensionality in Nigerian Art'', nke Nikru Nzegwu deziri. Binghamton, NY: International Society for the Study of Africa, Mahadum Binghamton. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&amp;searchArg=98088223&amp;searchType=1&amp;permalink=y|title=Contemporary textures: multidimensionality in Nigerian art|editor=Nzegwu|date=November 18, 1999|publisher=International Society for the Study of Africa, Binghamton University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://afroamericanstudies.wisc.edu/staff/freida-high-w-tesfagiorgis-emeritus/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] na Mahadum Wisconsin-Madison
* [https://niuarts.com/artifacts-summer18/freida-high/ Njirimara ihe eji eme ihe: Freida High Wasikhongo Tesfagiorgis]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tesfagiorgis, Freida}}
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{{Infobox officeholder|website=}}

Ernest Attuquaye Armah ( ከውጭ 27 Ọgọst 1957) bụ Onye Nhazi Mmepe, Onye Nhazi na aka Ọgụgụ.  Ọ bụkwa onye ụgbọala ndị nwere na onye bụbu onye omeiwu na mpaghara Trobu-Amasaman na mpaghara Greater Accra nke Ghana .

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Amụrụ Armah na 1957 wee si Afuaman (Mpaghara Electoral Manhean) na Greater Accra Region nke Ghana.  [1] O nzere Master of Science in Architecture site na Kiev Civil Engineering Institute na Ukraine na 1988.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Odekro {{!}} What has your MP done for you?|url=http://staging.odekro.org/person/ernest-attuquaye-armah/|accessdate=2020-07-07|work=staging odekro|archivedate=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329124751/http://staging.odekro.org/person/ernest-attuquaye-armah/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọrụ ==
Armah bụ Onye nta nke ya na eserese Pentikọst na-efe ofufe.  [1] Ọ lụola ekiri nwere ụmụ anọ.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Chief Engineer na Ga District Assembly &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Armah, Ernest Attuquaye|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=81|accessdate=2020-07-07|work=GhanaMps.|archivedate=2025-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125154744/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=81}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọchịchị ==
A Armah ka onye otu nzuko omeiwu maka mpaghara Ga South na nzuko omeiwu nke atɔ nke mba nke a na-amalite aka izugbe Ghana nke afọ 2000 .  [1] Ọnụ ego na National Democratic Congress.  [1] mgbaàmà ya bụ nke oche ndị omeiwu 6 n'ime oche iri abụọ na abụọ nke National Democratic Congress meri na mbụ aka ahụ maka Greater Accra Region &lt;ref name=&quot;:1a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-10|title=Statistics of Presidential and Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/|accessdate=2020-09-01|work=Fact Check Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/ &quot;Statistics of Presidential and Parliamentary Election Results&quot;]. ''Fact Check Ghana''. 10 August 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1 September&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana Parliamentary Chamber: Parliament Elections held in 1992|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2123|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219090455/http://archive.ipu.org:80/parline-e/reports/arc/2123_92.htm|archivedate=2020-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2000 Results - Brong Ahafo Region|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/brongahafo/index.php|accessdate=2020-09-01|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2022-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143635/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/brongahafo/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

National Democratic Congress meriri obere ngụ nke oche ndị omeiwu iri itoolu na abụọ n'ime oche 200 na nzuko omeiwu nke atọ nke mba nke anọ nke Ghana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1a&quot;/&gt; A họpụtara ya site na vootu 41,745 n'ime ngụkọta vootu 78,849 dabara adaba. Nke a bụ 53.8% nke ngụkọ vootu ziri ezi emere. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A ahụmahụ ya Samuel Nii-Aryeetey Attoh nke New Patriotic Party, Thelma Lantwei Lamptey nke Convention People's Party, Abraham Lartey Joe nke National Reform Party, Daniel Adoquaye Pappoe nke National Convention nke ndị mmadụ na Edward Osei Bonsu nke United Ghana Movement .  [1] [2] Ndị aama vootu 30,425, 2,510, 1,556, 1,035 na 335 n'otu n'ime ihe mbụ aka ahụ ziri ezi.  Ndị a bụ 39.2%, 3.2%, 2.0%, 1.3 na 0.4% n'otu n'otu nke ọkwa vootu ziri ezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Electoral Commission of Ghana - Parliamentary Result-Election 2000|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2007|location=Ghana|pages=33}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2000 Results - Ga South Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/greateraccra/232/index.php|accessdate=2020-09-03|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329125415/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/greateraccra/232/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ụzọ, n'oge mbụ nke 2004, ka etisaska mpaghara Ga South, Armah nọchiri anya National Democratic Congress na mpaghara Amasaman mana ọ meri Samuel Nii-Aryeetey Attoh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament - Greater Accra Region Election 2004 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/parliament/greateraccra/index.php|accessdate=2020-09-03|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611075138/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/parliament/greateraccra/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2008, ọ na-enye onye otu nzuko omeiwu nke ise nke Republic of Ghana nke anọ .  Mpaghara mpaghara Trobu-Amasaman na 2008 na tiketi National Democratic Congress .  [1] meri oche ahụ site na nha nke 34,797 votes n'ime votu 71,093 ziri ezi a ụzọ, na-enweta 48.9% n'ime 100%.  [2] Na mbụ aka nke 2012, mpaghara ya kewara ụzọ abụọ, ugbu a bụ mpaghara Trobu na mpaghara Amasaman .  [3] ndekọ, o nweteghị oche ọlụ na mpaghara abụọ a &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Parliament - Greater Accra Region Election 2012 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/parliament/greateraccra/index.php|accessdate=2020-07-07|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329125953/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/parliament/greateraccra/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Armah, Ernest Attuquaye}}
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{{Infobox person|title=Manager of Advisory Department at [[Uganda Development Bank]]}}

'''Barbara Kasekende''' bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego nke Uganda na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi ngalaba ndụmọdụ na Uganda Development Bank, naanị ụmụ amaala obodo ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepe ego gọọmentị nwere. Ọ nwetara ọkwa a na February 2022. Tupu nke ahụ, ọ bụ ''onye njikwa ụlọ ọrụ Social Investments Manager'' na Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited, nnukwu ụlọ akụ azụmahịa nke Uganda site na akụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bankersjournalug.com/udb-appoints-barbara-kasekende-manager-business-advisory/|title=UDB Appoints Barbara Kasekende Manager Business Advisory|date=18 February 2022|work=The Bankers Journal Uganda|author=Salim Kalanzi|accessdate=25 February 2022|archivedate=22 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322172300/https://bankersjournalug.com/udb-appoints-barbara-kasekende-manager-business-advisory/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=The Insider Uganda|url=https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2018/02/28/barbara-kasekende-appointed-stanbic-banks-corporate-social-investment-manager/|title=Barbara Kasekende Appointed Stanbic Bank's Corporate Social Investment Manager|date=28 February 2018|author=The Uganda Insider|accessdate=25 February 2022|archivedate=22 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322180121/https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2018/02/28/barbara-kasekende-appointed-stanbic-banks-corporate-social-investment-manager/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Kasekende bụ nwa amaala Uganda, amụrụ ihe dịka 1979 na mpaghara Buganda nke [[Uganda]] . Ọ gara Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ọ gbara na 2020, ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka nwa mbụ n'ime ezinụlọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://davidkangye.com/barbara-kasekende-there-has-to-be-a-reason-why-you-are-here/|title=Barbara Kasekende: There Has To Be a Reason Why You Are Here|work=DavidKangye.com|date=16 November 2020|author=David Kangye|accessdate=25 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-ejide nzere bachelọ sayensị na Kọmputa Information Systems, nke Mahadum Elmhurst nyere, na Elmhurst, Illinois, United States. Ọ na-ejidekwa [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|Master of Business Administration]], nwetara na Naveen Jindal School of Management, na Mahadum Texas na Dallas, na Richardson, Texas, United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Watchdoguganda.com|date=19 February 2022|title=Who is Barbara Kasekende, the newly appointed Uganda Development Bank Manager Business Advisory?|url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220219/130542/who-is-barbara-kasekende-the-newly-appointed-uganda-development-bank-manager-business-advisory.html|accessdate=25 February 2022|author=Ivan Mubiru}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIvan_Mubiru2022&quot;&gt;Ivan Mubiru (19 February 2022). [https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220219/130542/who-is-barbara-kasekende-the-newly-appointed-uganda-development-bank-manager-business-advisory.html &quot;Who is Barbara Kasekende, the newly appointed Uganda Development Bank Manager Business Advisory?&quot;]. ''Watchdoguganda.com''. Kampala, Uganda&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 February&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=The Kampala Report|url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/latest/202202199547/udb-installs-barbara-kasekende-as-manager-business-advisory.html|date=19 February 2022|title=UDB appoints Barbara Kasekende Manager Business Advisory|author=The Kampala Report|accessdate=25 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'oge ọ sonyeere Uganda Development Bank na February 2022, ọrụ azụmahịa Kasekende laghachiri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 14. O nweela ọrụ nchịkwa na azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'oge ahụ. Ọ bụbu onye njikwa na AIG Uganda, Wild Places Africa, NFT Consult na Stanbic Bank Uganda. Ahụmahụ ọrụ ya gụnyere mmepe azụmahịa, ọrụ ndị ahịa, mmekọrịta ndị ahịa dị oke ọnụ ahịa yana ọrụ ọrụ mmekọrịta ụlọ ọrụ . &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/business/2022/02/barbara-kasekende-appointed-udb-manager-business-advisory.html|title=Barbara Kasekende appointed UDB Manager Business Advisory|date=19 February 2022|author=Nelson Mandela|accessdate=25 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Uganda Development Bank, Kasekende bụ onye isi ngalaba ndụmọdụ azụmahịa nke ụlọ akụ, na-ahụ maka inye ndụmọdụ na iduzi ndị ahịa na ndị ahịa ụlọ akụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kikubolane.com/2022/02/19/barbara-kasekende-leaves-stanbic-appointed-manager-business-directory-at-uganda-development-bank/|title=Barbara Kasekende leaves Stanbic, appointed Manager Business Advisory at Uganda Development Bank|work=Kikubolane.com|date=19 February 2022|author=Edgar Atwiine|accessdate=25 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Hope Eku
* Veronica Sentongo

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT: Kasekende, Barbara}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mmụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |St. Agnes Catholic Girl's Primary Boarding School Naggalama, St. Mary's Namagunga, Mahadum Dar es Salaam, Mahadim Cambridge, Mahadam Makerere
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |Ọkaiwu na Onye Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ
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Caroline Adoch bụ onye ọka iwu si Uganda na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwetara nzere Doctorate of Law (LL.D) na Mahadum Makerere nke e nyere ya na 23rd Mee 2022 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ssali|first=Zaam|date=2022-05-24|title=Ms. Caroline Adoch: First Female Doctor of Laws (LL.D) of Makerere University Recipient|url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2022/05/ms-caroline-adoch-first-female-doctor-of-laws-ll-d-of-makerere-university-recipient/|accessdate=2022-08-26|work=Makerere University News|language=en-US|archivedate=2026-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260316121156/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2022/05/ms-caroline-adoch-first-female-doctor-of-laws-ll-d-of-makerere-university-recipient/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bob|first=Balam|date=2022-05-24|title=Caroline Adoch is the First Female Doctor of Laws recipient from Makerere|url=https://campustrend.ug/caroline-adoch-is-the-first-female-doctor-of-laws-recipient-from-makerere/|accessdate=2022-09-10|work=Campus Trend UG|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910155120/https://campustrend.ug/caroline-adoch-is-the-first-female-doctor-of-laws-recipient-from-makerere/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-11|title=Adoch believes political will checks impunity and lawlessness|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/adoch-believes-political-will-checks-impunity-and-lawlessness-3845266|accessdate=2022-09-10|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Adoch gara St. Agnes Catholic Girl's Primary Boarding School Naggalama, ebe o nwetara Asambodo Ịhapụ Primary ya. Ọ gara Ugwu St. Mary's Namagunga maka ma agụmakwụkwọ O-level ya na A-level.[1][2] Ọ gara Mahadum Dar es Salaam maka nzere bachelọ iwu ya site na 2004 ruo 2007, [1] [2] wee nweta akara ugo mmụta Master nke Iwu (LL.M) na 2010 site na Mahadum Cambridge dị na United Kingdom mgbe enwetachara ya. akwukwo mmụta Commonwealth.[2][3][4] Ọ nwetara Dọkịta nke Iwu (LL.D) na Mahadum Makerere na 23rd Mee 2022, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ nwetara Dọkịta nke Iwu (LL.D) na mahadum ahụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=cfeditoren|date=2022-05-24|title=We will use research to serve our country|url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/we-will-use-research-to-serve-our-country|accessdate=2022-09-10|work=Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isiokwu edemede doctoral ya bụ &quot;Access to Gender Justice in Uganda: A Feminist Analysis of Experience of Rape victims in the Reporting and Prosecution Process&quot; nke Prọfesọ [[Sylvia Tamale]] lekọtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-24|title=We will use research to serve our country|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/we-will-use-research-to-serve-our-country-3825606|accessdate=2022-09-10|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2012, Adoch sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu nke Mahadum Makerere dị ka onye enyemaka nkuzi. O mechara bụrụ osote onye nkuzi n'otu mahadum ahụ ebe ọ kụziri ihe ọmụmụ ndị gụnyere ikike mmadụ, iwu obodo, iwu nchịkwa na iwu iwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Na Machị 2019, ọ ghọrọ onye isi na CivSource . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Civsource|first=CivSource|date=2019|title=Inside CivSource 2019, Stepping Out With Boldness &amp; Style|url=https://civsource.squarespace.com/s/CivSource-Africa-2019-Report.pdf|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adoch, Caroline}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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Asụsụ Mnong (a makwaara dị ka Pnong ma ọ bụ Bunong) (Bunong: ឞូន៝ង) bụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austro-Asia.  Ndị otu Mnong dị na Vietnam na otu Pnong nọ na Cambodia na-asụ ya.

== Nbudata ==
Na Vietnam, a na-asụ Mnong na mpaghara Đăk Song, Đăk Mil, Đăk R'Lấp, Krông Nô, Gia Nghĩa, na ebe ndị ọzọ dị nso na Đắk Nông Province (Nguyễn &amp; Trương 2009).

== Ụdị dị iche iche ==
Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, e nwere asụsụ anọ dị mkpa: Central, Eastern na Southern Mnong (a na-asụ ha niile na Vietnam), na Kraol (a na'asụ na Cambodia). N'ime otu olumba, ndị otu anaghị aghọta olumba ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ bụ Richard Phillips mụrụ asụsụ Mnong na mbido afọ 1970. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Austroasiatic Languages|author=Harry Leonard Shorto|year=1991|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-7286-0183-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=91045|title=Language Family Trees|publisher=ethnologue.com|accessdate=2008-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lê, et al. (2014:234-235)  depụtara obere ìgwè ndị na-esonụ nke Mnong na ebe ha dị.

* '''Mnông Gar''': n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Lâm Đồng Province na ndịda Lake Lake.
* '''Mnông Nong''': na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min District[[Đắk Min District|Ógbè Đắk Min]]
* '''Mnông Kuênh''': na Krông Pắk DistrictÓgbè Krông Pắk
* Mnông Pré: ọkachasị na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min District, na ole na ole na Lak Lake.
* '''Mnông Prâng''': gbasasịrị na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min District, na ole na ole na ndịda Lak Lake na Japan, Ea Súp District.
* Mnông Rlăm: na Lắk District. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ndị Ê-đê nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya.
* '''Mnông Bu-đâng''': Japan na Đon, Ea Súp DistrictÓgbè Ea Súp
* Mnông Leonl: na Lắk District. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ndị Ê-đê nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya. Ụfọdụ na-ebikwa na Lạc Dương District na Đức Trọng District nke Lâm Đồng Province.
* '''Mnông Bu Nor''': na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min District[[Đắk Min District|Ógbè Đắk Min]]
* '''Mnông Dih Bri''': obere ndị bi na Đắk Nông District; Êa Krông.
* '''Mnông Đíp''': Đắk Min District na akụkụ ugwu nke Sông Bé Province.
* '''Mnông Biat''': obere ndị bi na mpaghara Sông Bé. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bi gburugburu ókèala Vietnam-Cambodia.
* '''Mnông Bu Đêh''': na mpaghara Sông Bé na Đắk LắkÓgbè Đắk Lắk
* Mnông Si Tô: otu ndị Czech (Mạ Tô) nọ na Đắk Nông District bụ ndị a nabatara n'ime ndị Mnông (&quot;Mnông-ized&quot; ndị Czech) 
* '''Mnông K&quot;ah''': otu ndị Ê-đê gbasasịrị na Đắk Nông District, Lắk District, na M'Đrăk District bụ ndị sonyere n'ime ndị Mnông (&quot;Mnông-ized&quot; Ê-đū ndị) 
* '''Mnông Phê Đâm''': obere ndị bi naanị na Obodo Quảng Tín, Đắk Nông District.

Obere ndị ọzọ nke Mnong egwu Mnông Rơ Đe, Mnông R&quot;Ông, na Mnông K&quot;Ziêng.

Nguyễn &amp; Trương (2009) na-ekpuchi uwe M'Nông ndị a.

* M'Nông Preh
* Ịṅụ mmanya
* Ndị China
* M'Nông Nâr (Bu Nâr) 
* M'Nông Noong (Bu Noong) 
* M'Nông R'Lâm
* M'Nông Prâng

== Ọmụmụ ụdaolu ==

=== Mkpụrụ okwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
!Akpụkpọ ahụ
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Mkpịsị aka
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Plosive
!&lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
|p
|t
|c
|k
|ʔ
|-
!&lt;small&gt;aspirated&lt;/small&gt;
|ph
|th
|ch
|kh
|
|-
!&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;small id=&quot;mwqA&quot;&gt;Nri&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|mp
|nt
|ɲc
|Nkwupụta
|
|-
!&lt;small&gt;implosive&lt;/small&gt;
|ɓ
|ka
| (Ọ) 
| (Thek) 
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ụgbọ imi
|m
|n
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe na-esiri ike
|
|
|Nke a
|
|h
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Rhotic
|
|r
|
|
|
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe atụ
!&lt;small&gt;ala dị larịị&lt;/small&gt;
|w
|l
|j
|
|
|-
!&lt;small&gt;preglottal&lt;/small&gt;
|ʔw
|
|ʔj
|
|
|}

* Ihe omuma di iche iche di iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Butler|first=Becky|title=Bunong|publisher=Leiden: Brill|year=2015|location=In Paul Sidwell and Mathias Jenny (eds.), The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages|pages=719-745}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mkpụrụedemede ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!
!N'ihu
!Central
!Ịlaghachi azụ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!N'akụkụ
|i iː
|ɨ ɨː
|u uː
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!N'etiti
|e eː
|ə əː
|o oː
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
!Emeghe
|ɛ ɛː
|a aː
|Ọ bụ n'afọ ka a na-akpọ ɔː
|}

== Ọnụ ọgụgụ ==
Aha ndị na-esonụ sitere n'asụsụ dị iche iche nke Mnong sitere na Nguyễn &amp; Trương (2009).
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nkọwa
!Nkwupụta
!Bu Noong
!Bu Nar
!N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-anọ
!R'Lăm
!Ndị China
!Ịṅụ mmanya
|-
|1
|Du, ngoay, hŏ
|Muay
|waay
|ọ dị mma
|Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ, ị chọrọ,
|ọ dị mma
|Ọpụpụ
|-
|2
|ụlọ mmanya
|ụlọ mmanya
|ra'r
|Barọ
|ụlọ mmanya
|ụlọ mmanya
|site na
|-
|3
|pe
|pe
|site na
|Ụbọchị Akara
|Pey
|pe
|
|-
|4
|puăn
|puăn
|waam
|puô
|Nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke
|puon
|
|-
|5
|prăm
|prăm
|Ịnọ nwa
|prăm, nwa
|prăm, pram
|N'oge gara aga
|snăm
|-
|6
|ala ahịhịa
|
|
|pro
|
|
|-
|7
|Pol
|Pol
|pops
|pŏh
|Pol
|Pol
|peh
|-
|8
|pham
|
|
|pham
|
|
|-
|9
|dŭm, sĭn
|sĭn
|chĭnh
|na-enweghị
|N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya
|na-enweghị
|
|-
|10
|ụgbọ mmiri
|ụgbọ mmiri
|Tulu
|JET
|măt
|jơt
|
|}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075937/http://peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Mnong Mnong na www.peoplesoftheworld.org]
{{Languages of Cambodia}}</text>
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Della Adjoa Sowah (amụrụ 23 Nọvemba 1959) bụ onye [[Ghana]] onye bụbu osote onye isi maka okike, ụmụaka na nchekwa ọha.[1][2] Ọ bụkwa onye omeiwu maka mpaghara Kpando . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deputy Ministers - Government of Ghana|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924104720/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers|archivedate=24 September 2019|accessdate=2016-09-09|work=Government Of Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Sowah na Kpandu, mpaghara Volta nke Ghana na 23 Nọvemba 1959.

== Mmụta ==
Sowah nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya na Social Sciences na Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ Kwame Nkrumah na 1981. O nwere Diploma na Finance na Master of Business Administration . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Della Sowah {{!}} 18th Microcredit Summit|url=http://18microcreditsummit.org/portfolio/della-sowah/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916192114/http://18microcreditsummit.org/portfolio/della-sowah/|archivedate=2016-09-16|accessdate=2016-09-09|work=18microcreditsummit.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Onye osote Minista
* Onye omeiwu, 2012-2016 (gọọmentị Ghana) &lt;ref name=&quot;mp details&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Sowah, Della|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5398|accessdate=2020-02-24|work=GhanaMps.|archivedate=2024-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926202223/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5398}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye mmekọ, onye na-eme atụmatụ ego, 2001-2012 (Speed Masters) &lt;ref name=&quot;mp details&quot; /&gt;
* Ahịa, MD, 1990-2000 (DAPEG LTD) &lt;ref name=&quot;mp details&quot; /&gt;
* Nnyocha, 1986-1990 (ESSOR LTD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=146|title=Hon. Della Adjoa Sowah|publisher=Parliament of Ghana|accessdate=3 August 2020|archivedate=26 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426005618/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Sowah bụ onye otu National Democratic Congress na onye otu ndị omeiwu maka Kpando (Ghana parliament constituency) na 6th, 7th na Eighth Parliament nke Fourth Republic of Ghana . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=89|accessdate=2023-10-16|work=parliament of ghana|archivedate=2023-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021092602/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=89}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nhọrọ 2016 ===
Sowah sonyere na oche ndị omeiwu nke Kpando na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress n'oge ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2016 wee merie na vootu 17,318, na-anọchite anya 82.38% nke ngụkọta vootu. O meriri Djampoh [[Elvis Presley|Elvis]] Kweku nke New Patriotic Party onye nwetara vootu 3,058 nke ya na 14.55%, onye omeiwu nke NDP Daniel Karl nwere vootu 359 na-anọchite anya 1.71% na onye omeiwu maka Convention People's Party Isaac Adjanya nwere vootu 286 na-anọchi anya 1.36% nke ngụkọta vootu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Kpando Constituency Results - Election 2016|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/volta/kpando/|accessdate=2023-10-16|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930164147/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/volta/kpando/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nhọrọ 2020 ====
Sowah zọọrọ ọzọ oche nzuko omeiwu Kpando nke dị na Volta Region na tiketi National Democratic Congress n'oge ntuli aka izugbe Ghana 2020 wee merie na vootu 13,582 na-anọchite anya 62.29% karịa onye ndoro-ndoro omeiwu maka New Patriotic Party Quist Ernest Theophilus onye nwetara 8,221 votes nke ruru 1%.7. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliamentary Results for Kpando|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=248|accessdate=2023-10-16|work=MobileGhanaWeb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kpando – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/kpando/|accessdate=2023-10-16|work=Election Data Centre|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002111610/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/kpando/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-19|title=MODELO PARA PREDIÇÃO DE RESULTADOS DE COLHEITAS COM BASE EM MODELOS OCULTOS DE MARKOV|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ciawi_ciaca2020_202015l019|journal=IADIS Ibero American Conferences: WWW/Internet and Applied Computing 2020|doi=10.33965/ciawi_ciaca2020_202015l019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kọmitii ===
Sowah bụ onye otu Mines and Energy committee, Standing Orders committee na Business committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Sowah bụ Onye Kraịst.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament of Ghana|url=http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/305|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914070253/http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/305|archivedate=14 September 2016|accessdate=2016-09-09|work=Parliament Of Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ lụrụ di, ma nwee ụmụ atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mp details&quot;/&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sowah, Della}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Asụsụ Hani</title>
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      <comment>/* Fonology */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2808" sha1="2i0g6pr0wuzyqfdhbywre7jgxr7osw2" xml:space="preserve">'''Asụsụ Hani''' (Hani: {{Lang|hni|Haqniqdoq}} ma ọ bụ ''{{IPA|xa31 ɲi31}}'' ; simplified Chinese      ; Vietnamese   ) bụ asụsụ alaka Loloish (Yi) nke otu asụsụ Tibeto-Burman nke ndị Hani na-asụ na [[China]], Laos, Myanmar na Vietnam .

== Nkesa ==
Na China, a na-asụkarị Hani na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Mekong na mpaghara ndịda etiti Yunnan, ọkachasị na mpaghara Pu'er na Honghe, yana n'akụkụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu. A na-asụkwa Hani na mpaghara Lai Châu na Lào Cai nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Vietnam yana na Phongsaly Province nke Laos n'akụkụ oke Yunnan.

Edmondson (2002) na-akọ na a na-ekesa Hani nke Vietnam na mpaghara abụọ dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Vietnam ebe a na-ahụ olumba abụọ dị iche iche, otu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Muong Te na nke ọzọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ndị Hani nke Vietnam na-ekwu na ha nwere ike ịkparịta ụka n'asụsụ Hani na agbụrụ Hani sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche nke Vietnam n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ihe mgbochi mpaghara. Edmondson (2002) na-akọ na ụdị okwu Hani dị iche iche na Vietnam na-adị iche na-abụkarị n'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu.

== Fonology ==
Hani nwere ụda isi atọ na ụdị ụdaume abụọ dị mkpụmkpụ.

=== Consonants ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Consonants nke olumba Luchun
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Labial
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Alveolar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ( Alveolo -) &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwOg&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;palatal
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Velar
|-
! &lt;small&gt;larịị&lt;/small&gt;
! &lt;small&gt;enyi.&lt;/small&gt;
! &lt;small&gt;larịị&lt;/small&gt;
! &lt;small&gt;sibilant&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Na-egbu egbu /&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Mmekọrịta
! &lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
| p
| pʲ
| t
| ts
| tɕ
| k
|-
! &lt;small&gt;achọsi ike&lt;/small&gt;
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|pʰʲ}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
| {{IPA|tsʰ}}
| {{IPA|tɕʰ}}
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|-
! &lt;small&gt;kwuputara&lt;/small&gt;
| b
| bʲ
| d
| dz
| dʑ
| ɡ
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Nke na-ese okwu
! &lt;small&gt;enweghị olu&lt;/small&gt;
| f
|
|
| s
| ɕ
| x
|-
! &lt;small&gt;kwuputara&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
|
| z
|
| ɣ
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ihu imi
| m
| mʲ
| n
|
| ȵ
| ŋ
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Odika
|
|
| l
|
| j
|
|}
{|
!Hani
! Bekee
|-
| Aqsol liq yoqdeivq yoqpyuq bo, meeqyaovq ssolnei colpyuq qiq kov dei. Davqtavcolssaq neenyuq bel neema meeq ya siq, laongaoq meilnaol nadul meil e gaq ssol hhyul hha bavqduv nia.
| A mụrụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha nhata na ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha n'ime mmụọ nke ụmụnna.
|}

== Ihe ndetu ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ntụaka ==
Hani na agbụrụ Hani sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche nke Vietnam n'agbanyeghị nnukwu </text>
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    <title>Bolaji Akinboro</title>
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'''Bolaji Akinboro''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego nke Naijiria na onye isi teknụzụ, mara maka nkwado Cellulant, ụlọ ọrụ fintech pan-African.  O tinyela aka na agritech, blockchain, na atụmatụ teknụzụ ego n'ofe Afrịka, ma nwee ọrụ iduzi na mpaghara nzuzo na nke ọha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Aliogo|first=Ugo|date=14 September 2021|title=Akinboro Commends Cellulant for Clearing the Air on all Aspersions|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2021/09/15/akinboro-commends-cellulant-for-clearing-the-air-on-all-aspersions/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Donery|first=Emma|date=24 October 2022|title=Cellulant Co-Founder, Bolaji Akinboro, Cleared Of Financial Misconduct Allegations|url=https://techlabari.com/cellulant-co-founder-bolaji-akinboro-cleared-of-financial-misconduct-allegations/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=Tech Labari|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Akinboro guzobere Cellulant Corporation n'akụkụ Ken Njoroge, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Cellulant Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Onukwue|first=Alexander|date=11 January 2021|title=Why Cellulant CEO Ken Njoroge is choosing to step down in June 2021|url=https://techcabal.com/2021/01/11/why-cellulant-ceo-ken-njoroge-is-choosing-to-step-down-in-june-2021/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=TechCabal|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru idu ndú ya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbasaa iji nye ọrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ na ọrụ ụlọ akụ mkpanaka gafee ọtụtụ mba Afrịka.

O tinyere aka n'isi na mmepe nke Naijiria's Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS), bụ nke webatara usoro akpa eletrọnịkị maka ikesa ntinye aka ugbo.  N'agbata afọ 2012 na 2016, mmemme ahụ butere fatịlaịza na mkpụrụ nke ruru ihe karịrị ijeri US $1 ijeri ndị ọrụ ugbo ime obodo nde asaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Edge|first=Marketing|date=25 October 2016|title=Cellulant emerges 'Best Payment and Transfer Company' at African Fintech Awards in Jo'Burg|url=https://marketingedge.com.ng/cellulant-emerges-best-payment-and-transfer-company-at-african-fintech-awards-in-joburg/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=Marketing Edge Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eto Akinboro site n'ịmepụta ikpo okwu AgriKore, usoro e-wallet dabeere na blockchain nke jikọtara ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-eweta, ahịa, na ọrụ ego. A nabatara usoro a na mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Liberia, Togo, na Afghanistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=FinTech Company Aims to Address Challenges in Ag Economy|url=https://mastercardfdn.org/en/articles/fintech-company-aims-to-address-challenges-in-ag-economy/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=mastercardfdn.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mechara mebere Tórónet Chain, ụkpụrụ blockchain lekwasịrị anya na usoro akụ na ụba enweghị isi, yana VorianCorelli, ebe ahịa maka obere ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ọkara (SMEs).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 January 2023|title=Bolaji Akinboro - LearningPlanet Festival|url=https://www.learning-planet.org/speaker/bolaji-akinboro/|accessdate=3 September 2025|language=en-GB|archivedate=15 September 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915024230/https://www.learning-planet.org/speaker/bolaji-akinboro/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. 12 January 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 September&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Voriancorelli|url=https://www.voriancorelli.com/about.html|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=www.voriancorelli.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Fintech Revolution: how mobile money is transforming Africa|url=https://theafricadebate.com/news2020/the-fintech-revolution|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=The Africa Debate|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring AgriFi: An Exclusive Interview With Tórónet Co-founder Bolaji Akinboro {{!}} HackerNoon|url=https://hackernoon.com/exploring-agrifi-an-exclusive-interview-with-toronet-co-founder-bolaji-akinboro|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=hackernoon.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Okwu Iwu ==
N'afọ 2022, Akinboro na onye bụbu onye enyemaka nke Cellulant chere ebubo nke omume ọjọọ ego ihu. E mechara dozie ikpe ahụ site na nkwekọrịta na-abụghị nke ụlọ ikpe, a tọhapụrụ ya na mmejọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dosunmu|first=Damilare|date=21 October 2022|title=Cleared of financial misconduct allegations after 2 years of litigation|url=https://techcabal.com/2022/10/21/cellulants-co-founder-is-clear-of-all-allegations/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=TechCabal|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eleanya|first=Frank|date=7 September 2022|title=Cellulant clears former co-founder, Bolaji Akinboro of misconduct|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/cellulant-clears-former-co-founder-bolaji-akinboro-of-misconduct/|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Akinboro nwetara nzere postgraduate na Business Management na Mahadum Heriot-Watt na 2005 wee mụọ Economics Business na Mahadum Oxford.  Ọ gụchara mmemme agụmakwụkwọ onye isi na Mahadum Harvard na Endeavor Global . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Okojie|first=Josephine|date=2021-03-24|title=Bolaji Akinboro: Entrepreneur creating super solutions in agritech sector -|url=https://businessday.ng/interview/enterpreneur/article/bolaji-akinboro-entrepreneur-creating-super-solutions-in-agritech-sector/|accessdate=2025-09-04|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Benson|first=Emmanuel Abara|date=2018-05-19|title=Meet Bolaji Akinboro, the Co-Founder of Cellulant Corporation which raised $47.5m from TPG Growth|url=https://nairametrics.com/2018/05/19/meet-bolaji-akinboro-the-co-founder-of-cellulant-corporation-which-raised-47-5m-from-tpg-growth/|accessdate=2025-09-04|work=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
A mara ya dị ka onye ọchụnta ego na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka ọrụ ya n'iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere mmetụta dị elu n'Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Entrepreneur, Bolaji Akinboro, Selected to Join Prestigious Global High Impact Entrepreneurs Network|url=https://www.pr.com/press-release/745440|accessdate=3 September 2025|work=PR.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Ọrụ ugbo na Naịjirịa]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Akinboro, Bolaji}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Amiyi''' bụ obodo dị n'ime ime obodo n'okpuru ọchịchị [[Ogbaru]] nke steeti [[Anambra Steeti|Anambra,]] [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anambra North Senatorial District|url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/anambra-north-senatorial-district/|accessdate=2025-11-07|work=Centre for Community and Rural Development|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017011114/https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/anambra-north-senatorial-district/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dị na Anambra North senatorial district nke steeti ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ obodo na-asụ asụsụ Igbo nke ndị bi na ya bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-07-07|title=Ogbaru residents groan over abandoned road project – Orient Daily News – Latest News In Nigeria Today|url=https://orientdailynews.com/ogbaru-residents-groan-over-abandoned-road-project/|accessdate=2025-11-07|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Idei Mmiri na Amiyi ==
Amiyi bụ ebe idei mmiri na-emekarị, ebe o dekọrọla ọtụtụ idei mmiri mere, dị ka nke mere n'afọ 2018, ebe idei mmiri riri nwa dị afọ itoolu mgbe ọ na-echu mmiri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=QEDNG|date=2018-09-26|title=9-year-old girl dies in Anambra flood|url=https://www.qed.ng/9-year-old-girl-dies-in-anambra-flood/|accessdate=2025-11-07|work=QED.NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;
== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Naigeria]]
[[Otú:Ȯra Anambra]]</text>
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| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:250px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:250px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Atani is located in Nigeria]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:79.83%;left:36.538%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-3px;top:-3px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Atani]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pv&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Atani&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Naijiria&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |Nhazi: 6°1′N 6°45′E / 6.017°N 6.750°E / 6.717; 6.750&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Atani&amp;params=6_1_N_6_45_E_region:NG_type:city &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;6°1′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;6°45′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;6.017°N 6.750°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;6.017; 6.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]][[Faịlụ:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|25x25px]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ora no na ime Naijiria|Ọnọdụ]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Anambra Steeti|Steeti Anambra]]
|}
'''Atani''' {{Audio|Ig-Atani.ogg|(Mkpọpụta)}} bụ obodo dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Niger na Anambra Steeti, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Atani bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ Ogbaru Local Government Area, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Map of Ogbaru Local Government Area Anambra State (Study Area) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogbaru-Local-Government-Area-Anambra-State-Study-Area_fig1_307608930 |website=Research Gate}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị Obodo na Northern Senatorial District nke Anambra State. Ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị dị na Ogbaru dị na Igboland. Mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya adịghị iche na nke dị n'obodo ndị ọzọ dị na Igbo. Otú ọ dị, ọdịiche dị n'etiti obodo na omenala. Nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Igboland na-amalite site na ezinụlọ - Umunna dị ka otu kacha nta, ma gbasaa ruo obodo - Obodo, nke bụ otu kachasị ukwuu. Ọ bụ obodo nke ndị ọkụ azụ na ndị mbịarambịa bi na ya. Atani ka bụ osikapa, azụ, yam na efere cassava nke Anambra steeti, na-emepụta ọtụtụ nri a na-ere n'ọtụtụ ahịa na [[Ȯra Delta|Delta]] na Anambra Steeti. Ndị Atani sitere na [[Ukwuani people|Ukwuani]] na [[Anambra Steeti|Steeti Anambra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=INTER- COMMUNAL POLITICAL RELATIONS OF ATANI PEOPLE ...|url=https://www.journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/JASSD/article/view/611|work=journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmekọrịta ==
A na-egosi ọkwa mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị n'etiti Atani na ndị agbata obi ya n'ọtụtụ ndị nwere aha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịnala, Igwe ma ọ bụ Eze, Nze na Ozo, Ndi Ichie Ukwu na Ndichie Nta, ndị isi, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ndị otu a na-eme njikọ nke usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Atani. Ya mere, n'ọgbakọ ha na ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ dịka echichi eze, emume ofala wdg, ha na-akpakọrịta. Mmekọrịta ndị a na-abụ ntọala maka mmekọrịta obodo ma ọ bụ obodo n'etiti Atani na ndị agbata obi ya. N'etiti ndị agbata obi ha gụnyere; Odekpe, Ohaita, Ozubulu, Oko, na ndị ọzọ. E kewara obodo ndị a n'ime otu dị iche iche maka mmekọrịta dị irè.

Ụlọ ọrụ ole na ole dị n'obodo ahụ na-agụnye nhazi azụ na nkwakọba osikapa.

== Ụmụ amaala ama ama ==

* Prọfesọ [[Ben Nwabueze]], onye bụbu Minista Naijiria maka agụmakwụkwọ
* Chief [[Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe|Stephen Osita Osadebe]], onye egwu

== Ebe ndị a ma ama ==

* Federal Polytechnic Oko, Atani Campus
* St. James Basilica
* Isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ime obodo Ogbaru &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anambra North Senatorial District|url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/anambra-north-senatorial-district/|accessdate=2023-08-15|work=Centre for Community and Rural Development|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017011114/https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/anambra-north-senatorial-district/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Atani na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-enye ohere maka obodo iji kerịta ihe nketa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha. Ụdị ntụgharị nke ọchịchị ọdịnala na Atani na-egosi na mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ike ịbụ udo ma ọ bụ ọgba aghara ma ọ bụ ọbụna ha abụọ. Ndị nwere aha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche dabere na ọnọdụ ha. Na Atani ọ bụ Onowu na-ekpu eze okpueze. Eze na-arụkwa ọrụ ikpe, nke isi na nke ime mmụọ na Ndi-iche uku ya na Ndichie Nta. Ha mejupụtara gọọmentị ọdịnala ma bụrụkwa ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-achị obodo ha. E wezụga nke ahụ, na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Atani, mmekọrịta ahụ na-agbasa n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. E nwere Ada (ndị isi nwanyị) nke gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ndị okenye na obodo ndị e nyere utu aha. A kpọrọ ya Oduah Nwanyi / Ogene na Odekpe, Gegeli na Osamala, na Omu n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ada bụ onye isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụmụ nwanyị niile. O nwekwara ọrụ omenala na ikpe iji rụọ ọrụ. Iji were aha a, ọ ga-egbu oke ọkụkọ ma mee oriri dị mma. Dị ka onye isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Umuada niile, ọ hụrụ na udo dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke nọ n'obodo ahụ. Umuada nke ndị agbata obi dị iche iche nke Atani na-akwadoghị ibe ha n'ịchịkwa ihe omume nke obodo ha. A gaghị emesi ọrụ ha na Igboland ike. N'ihi ya, na Atani, a na-enye ha ebe dị mpako n'ihi ọdịdị ha pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ ọrụ ha na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Atani na mmekọrịta ha na ndị agbata obi ha. Umuada na njikọ aka na nwoke nwere aha na ogo afọ, na-eme atụmatụ ma na-eme ememme na ememe ọdịnala dị iche iche. Okporo ụzọ ndị a na-eje ozi dị ka ikpo okwu maka mmekọrịta obodo na ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Atani na ndị agbata obi ya. Ọrụ ha na-agafe idebe udo na ịmepụta esemokwu na esemokwu n'etiti obodo.

== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
Oge mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ, na-emegbu onwe ya, ma na-ekpuchi oke ọchịchịrị, oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri juru eju, ma nwee obere ígwé ojii na Atani. N'ime afọ niile, okpomọkụ na-adịkarị site na 67 °F ruo 88 °F ma ọ naghị adịkarị ala karịa 60 °F ma ọ bụ karịa 91 °F. Okpomọkụ na Atani dị obere nke na mmadụ enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti oge okpomọkụ na oyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Atani Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/52953/Average-Weather-in-Atani-Nigeria-Year-Round|accessdate=2022-12-08|work=weatherspark.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    <title>Dore Numa College</title>
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Dore Numa College bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke gọọmentị nwere na [[Warri]], [[:en:Delta_State|Delta State]], [[:en:Nigeria|Naijirịa]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://freshangleng.com/21274/warri--opuoru-discloses-plans-to-renovate-dore-numa-college--commences-phase-2-distribution-of-furniture-to-schools|title=Warri: Opuoru Discloses Plans To Renovate Dore Numa College, Commences Phase 2 Distribution Of Furniture To Schools|author=Ukah|first=Celestine Chijoke|date=15 August 2022|accessdate=2 April 2023|publisher=FRESHANGLE NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://oasismagazine.com.ng/2022/06/warri-rainstorm-dore-numa-college-ogedegbe-primary-school-appeal-for-renovation-of-infrastructure/|title=Warri Rainstorm: Dore Numa College, Ogedegbe Primary School Appeal For Renovation Of Infrastructure|author=Dafe|first=Daniel|date=21 June 2022|accessdate=2 April 2023|publisher=Oasis Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/delta-govt-distributes-furniture-to-schools-in-warri/|title=Delta govt distributes furniture to schools in Warri|date=18 June 2020|accessdate=2 April 2023|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ kwa ụbọchị a kpọrọ aha Chief Dore Numa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://urhobodigitallibrarymuseum.com/who-was-chief-dore-numa/|title=Who was Chief Dore Numa?|publisher=Urhobo Historical Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;
E guzobere ya n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1980 iji nye ụmụaka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị na ụkpụrụ ya bụ &quot;Nrụsi ọrụ ike bụ ihe ịga nke ọma&quot;.

Na Jun 2013, n'oge ọchịchị nke Gọvanọ [[Emmanuel Eweta Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]], Dore Numa College bụ otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Gọvanọ Delta Steeti nyochara, bụ onye katọrọ imebi ọrụ gọọmentị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị e wuru ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pointblanknews.com/pbn/news/uduaghan-decries-vandalisation-of-government-projects/|title=UDUAGHAN DECRIES VANDALISATION OF GOVERNMENT PROJECTS|date=25 June 2013|accessdate=3 April 2023|publisher=Point Blank News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba 2021, a kọrọ na e nwere esemokwu ndị otu nzuzo n'etiti ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Dore Numa College na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dịiche iche n'ógbè ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailywatchng.org/warri-hussey-essi-dore-numa-schools-alleged-cult-war-several-injured-others-arrested/|title=Warri: Hussey, Essi, Dore-Numa schools alleged cult war, several injured, others arrested|author=Opukeme|first=Cletus|date=11 December 2021|accessdate=3 April 2023|publisher=Daily Watch}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nwa akwụkwọ nwanyị nke Dore Numa College aha ya bụ Sharon Taiwo bụkwa onye e rere n'ahịa mmadụ ma nwunye Gọvanọ Delta State, Oriakụ Dame Edith Okowa nyeere ya aka site n'inye ya ego. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/tears-as-mother-narrates-how-her-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-raped-in-ghana/|title=Tears as mother narrates how her 13-year-old daughter was abducted, raped in Ghana|author=Osayande|first=Monday|date=7 December 2021|accessdate=5 April 2023|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/tears-as-mother-narrates-how-her-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-raped-in-ghana/|title=Tears As Mother Narrates How Her 13-Year-Old Daughter Was abducted, Raped In Ghana|date=7 December 2021|accessdate=5 April 2023|publisher=The Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/mother-recounts-how-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-from-delta-used-as-sex-slave-in-ghana/|title=Mother recounts how 13-year-old daughter was abducted from Delta, used as sex slave in Ghana|author=Daniel|first=Otuya|date=7 December 2021|accessdate=5 April 2023|publisher=The Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gbetutv.com/how-my-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-and-raped-in-ghana/|title=How my 13-year-old daughter was abducted and raped in Ghana|author=Louis|first=Fadaka|date=8 December 2021|accessdate=5 April 2023|publisher=GbetuTV.com|archivedate=8 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208195557/https://www.gbetutv.com/how-my-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-and-raped-in-ghana/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.afriupdate.com/breaking-news/tears-as-mother-narrates-how-her-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-raped-in-ghana/|title=Tears as mother narrates how her 13-year-old daughter was abducted, raped in Ghana|author=Abraham|date=7 December 2021|accessdate=5 April 2023|publisher=Afriupdate News|archivedate=5 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405121343/https://www.afriupdate.com/breaking-news/tears-as-mother-narrates-how-her-13-year-old-daughter-was-abducted-raped-in-ghana/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ Ebe Ahụ a ma ama ==

* Anderson Esiti, onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=10979|title=Sporting Lisbon Preparing To Launch Bid For Anderson Esiti|date=17 November 2013|accessdate=2 April 2023|publisher=All Nigeria Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=15268|title=Anderson Esiti Pledges Allegiance To Estoril Amid Interest From Monaco|date=20 June 2015|accessdate=2 April 2023|publisher=All Nigeria Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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nkọwa dị mkpirikpi|Ụdị anwụnta
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| onyonyo = Anopheles stephensi.jpeg
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| mpaghara = Maka nkọwa zuru ezu, lee isi akụkọ: Anopheles nke Anopheles

'''''Anopheles'''' (IPac-en|ə|ˈ|n|ɒ|f|ᵻ|l|iː|z) bụ anwụnta nke onye German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen|J. W. Meigen kọwara na mbụ na 1818, a makwaara ha dị ka '''anwụnta mbọ''' na '''anwụnta ala mmiri'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;USFWS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nail Mosquito |url=https://www.fws.gov/species/nail-mosquito-anopheles |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=16 December 2023 |quote=Common Name: Nail Mosquito, marsh mosquitoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọtụtụ anwụnta ndị dị otu a bụ ọrịa vector nke nje ahụ ''Plasmodium'', ụdị protozoans nke na-akpata ịba na ụdị Plasmodium na-ebute nje nnụnụ, ụdị Plasmodium na-ebute nje anụ na-akpụ akpụ, na ụdị Plasmodium na-ebute nje ma ọ bụghị anụmanụ, gụnyere ụmụ mmadụ. Anwụnta ''Anopheles gambiae'' bụ ụdị anwụnta a ma ama nke a na-ebufe ''Plasmodium falciparum'', nke bụ ọrịa ịba Parasitism parasite nke na-egbu mmadụ; ọ dịghị ụdị anwụnta ọzọ nke na-ebute ịba mmadụ.


Ụdị &quot;Anopheles&quot; dị iche na anwụnta ndị ọzọ dị ihe dị ka Ma 100 (myrmya), dịka anwụnta ndị ọzọ, àkwá, larvae, na pupae bụ anụmanụ mmiri. Nnwale &quot;Anopheles&quot; enweghị mmiri iku ume nke ọ ga-esi na ya eku ume, ya mere ọ na-eku ume ma na-eri nri na ahụ ya kwụ ọtọ n'elu mmiri. Anwụnta toro eto na-esi n'elu pụta ma na-eri nectar nke okooko osisi; anwụnta nwanyị na-erikwa ọbara, nke nri anụmanụ na-enye ha ohere ibu ma na-ebufe nje n'etiti ndị ọbịa. Ọnọdụ nri onye toro eto dị n'ala, n'adịghị ka ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ nke culicines. &quot;Anopheles&quot; na-ekesa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụwa niile, n'oge okpomọkụ, n'okpuru ala okpomọkụ, na mpaghara dị jụụ nke ụwa. N'oge ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, &quot;Anopheles&quot; aestivate, nke bụ ọnọdụ ụra nke na-eme ka anwụnta dị ndụ na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ka Sahel.

== Mmalite ==
=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke fosil ===
Fossil nke ụdị 'Anopheles' dị ụkọ; naanị abụọ ka achọpụtara na 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freitas Russo Voloch Mutaquiha 2015&quot;/&gt; They are ''Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dominicanus'' &lt;small&gt;Zavortink &amp; Poinar&lt;/small&gt; in Dominican Republic amber from the Late Eocene Ma|40.4 to Ma 33.9,&lt;ref name=&quot;Zavortink Poinar 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Zavortink |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Poinar |first2=George O. |title=Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dominicanus sp. n. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Dominican Amber |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=93 |issue=6 |date=2000-11-01 |doi=10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1230:ANDSND]2.0.CO;2 |pages=1230–1235|s2cid=86221732 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Anopheles rottensis'' &lt;small&gt;Statz&lt;/small&gt; in German amber from the Late Oligocene Ma|28.4 to Ma|23.0.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freitas Russo Voloch Mutaquiha 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Freitas |first1=Lucas A. |last2=Russo |first2=Claudia A. M. |last3=Voloch |first3=Carolina M. |last4=Mutaquiha |first4=Olívio C. F. |last5=Marques |first5=Lucas P. |last6=Schrago |first6=Carlos G. |title=Diversification of the Genus Anopheles and a Neotropical Clade from the Late Cretaceous |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=10 |issue=8 |date=2015-08-05 |pmid=26244561 |pmc=4526650 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0134462 |article-number=e0134462 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1034462F |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phylogeny===
Ndị nna ochie nke Ijiji niile gụnyere anwụnta pụtara Ma 260..&lt;ref name=&quot;Moreno Marinotti Krzywinski Tadei 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreno |first1=Marta |last2=Marinotti |first2=Osvaldo |last3=Krzywinski |first3=Jaroslaw |last4=Tadei |first4=Wanderli P. |last5=James |first5=Anthony A. |last6=Achee |first6=Nicole L. |last7=Conn |first7=Jan E. |title=Complete mtDNA genomes of ''Anopheles darlingi'' and an approach to anopheline divergence time |journal=Malaria Journal |volume=9 |issue=1 |date=2010 |page=127 |pmid=20470395 |pmc=2877063 |doi=10.1186/1475-2875-9-127 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Culicinae culicine and ''Anopheles'' clades of mosquitoes diverged between Ma120 and Ma|150.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moreno Marinotti Krzywinski Tadei 2010&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calvo 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Calvo, Eric |author2=Pham, Van M. |author3=Marinotti, Osvaldo |author4=Andersen, John F. |author5=Ribeiro, José M. C. |year=2009 |title=The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector ''Anopheles darlingi'' reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy |journal=[[BMC Genomics |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=57 |doi=10.1186/1471-2164-10-57 |pmc=2644710 |pmid=19178717 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Old and New World ''Anopheles'' species subsequently diverged between Ma|80 and Ma|95.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moreno Marinotti Krzywinski Tadei 2010&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calvo 2009&quot;/&gt; ''Anopheles darlingi'' diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ~Ma|100.&lt;ref name=&quot;Neafsey Waterhouse Abai 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Neafsey |first1=Daniel E. |last2=Waterhouse |first2=Robert M. |last3=Abai |first3=Mohammad R. |last4=Aganezov |first4=Sergey S. |last5=Alekseyev |first5=Max A. |display-authors=etal |title=Highly evolvable malaria vectors: The genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes |journal=Science |volume=347 |issue=6217 |date=2015-01-02 |page=43 |pmid=25554792 |pmc=4380271 |doi=10.1126/science.1258522|bibcode=2015Sci...347...43N }}&lt;/ref&gt;  The cladogram is based on an analysis of mosquito genomes by Heafsey and colleagues in 2015:&lt;ref name=&quot;Neafsey Waterhouse Abai 2015&quot;/&gt;
|doi=10.1111/zsc.12137 |hdl=10141/612216 |s2cid=46364692 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Taxonomy ===
Ọ bụ onye German na-amụ banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa Johann Wilhelm Meigen webatara aha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ bụ 'Anopheles'' na 1818. Ọ kọwara ụdị abụọ, ''A. birfurcatus'' na ụdị ụdị, ''Anopheles maculipennis''. O kwuru na aha ahụ pụtara lang|de|beschwerlich, &quot;ihe dị arọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meigen 1818&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Meigen |first=Johann Wilhelm |author-link=Johann Wilhelm Meigen |date=1818 |title=Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten |language=de |trans-title=Systematic description of the known European two-winged insects |location=Aachen |publisher=Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann |volume=1 |pages=10–12 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45833#page/54/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ  bụ na asụsụ Grik ochie ka esi weta ya lang|grc|ἀνωφελής transliteration|grc|anōphelḗs 'useless', derived from lang|el|ἀν- transliteration|grc|an-, 'not', 'un-' and lang|el|[[:wikt:ὄφελος|ὄφελος} {{transliteration|grc|óphelos}} 'profit'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stevenson2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Stevenson, Angus |title=Oxford Dictionary of English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA64 |date=19 August 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957112-3 |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Usoro nhazi nke ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ dị elu nke ukwuu na 1901 mgbe onye Bekee na-amụ banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa Frederick Vincent Theobald kọwara ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 39 nke &quot;Anopheles&quot; n'akwụkwọ mpịakọta 5 ya na Culicidae.&lt;ref name=Theobald1901&gt;{{cite book |last=Theobald |first=Frederick Vincent |author-link=Frederick Vincent Theobald |date=1901 |title=A Monograph of the Culicidae, or Mosquitoes |location=London |publisher=British Museum (Natural History) |volume=1 |isbn=978-1-178-51903-7 |pages=115–214 |url=https://archive.org/details/amonographculic03zoolgoog/page/n135/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was provided with mosquito specimens sent in to the British Museum (Natural History) from around the world, on the 1898 instruction of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harbach Kitching 2016&quot;/&gt;

&quot;Anopheles&quot; (nke nwere nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ) bụ nke ezinụlọ dị n'okpuru Anophelinae tinyere ụdị abụọ ndị ọzọ: &quot;'Bironella&quot; (nke e kewara na Australasia) na &quot;Chagasia&quot; (nke e kewara na Neotropics). Usoro a ka dịgidere nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Krzywinski2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Krzywinski |first1=Jaroslaw |last2=Besansky |first2=Nora J. |author-link2=Nora J. Besansky |year=2003 |title=Molecular Systematics of Anopheles: From Subgenera to Subpopulations |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=111–139 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112647 |pmid=12208816 |bibcode=2003AREnt..48..111K }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Foley 1998&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/mpev.1997.0457 |pmid=9562985 |title=Evolution and Systematics of ''Anopheles'':Insights from a Molecular Phylogeny of Australasian Mosquitoes |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=262–275 |year=1998 |last1=Foley |first1=Desmond H. |last2=Bryan |first2=Joan H. |last3=Yeates |first3=David |last4=Saul |first4=Allan |bibcode=1998MolPE...9..262F }}&lt;/ref&gt; Classification into species is based on morphological characteristics – wing spots, head anatomy, larval and pupal anatomy, chromosome structure, and more recently, on DNA sequences.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rattanarithikul 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |pmid=17262930 |year=2006 |last1=Rattanarithikul |first1=R. |author-link=Rampa Rattanarithikul|title=Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand. IV. Anopheles |journal=The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health |volume=37 |pages=1–128 |last2=Harrison |first2=B. A. |last3=Harbach |first3=R. E. |last4=Panthusiri |first4=P. |last5=Coleman |first5=R. E. |last6=Panthusiri |first6=P. |issue=Suppl 2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Walton 2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2006.05.001 |pmid=16782411 |title=Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS2 region of rDNA |journal=Infection, Genetics and Evolution |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=93–102 |year=2007 |last1=Walton |first1=C. |last2=Somboon |first2=P. |last3=o'Loughlin |first3=S. M. |last4=Zhang |first4=S. |last5=Harbach |first5=R.E. |last6=Linton |first6=Y.-M. |last7=Chen |first7=B. |last8=Nolan |first8=K. |last9=Duong |first9=S. |last10=Fong |first10=M.-Y |last11=Vythilingum |first11=I. |last12=Mohammed |first12=Z. D. |last13=Trung |first13=Ho Dinh |last14=Butlin |first14=R. K. |bibcode=2007InfGE...7...93W |display-authors=5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Garros Harbach Manguin 2005&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |pmid=16119539 |year=2005 |last1=Garros |first1=C. |last2=Harbach |first2=R. E |last3=Manguin |first3=S. |title=Morphological assessment and molecular phylogenetics of the Funestus and Minimus groups of Anopheles (Cellia) |journal=Journal of Medical Entomology |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=522–536 |doi=10.1093/jmedent/42.4.522 |s2cid=22776177 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the taxonomy published by Harbach and Kitching in 2016, it was shown that three species of ''Bironella'' (Bironella confusa|B. confusa'', ''Bironella gracilis|B. gracilis,'' and ''Bironella hollandi|B. hollandi'') are phylogenetically more similar to ''Anopheles kyondawensis|A. kyondawensis'' than other ''Bironella'' species. That phylogeny argues that, based on genetic similarity, ''Anopheles implexus|A. implexus'' is divergent from the common ancestor of ''Anopheles''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harbach Kitching 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Harbach |first1=R. E. |last2=Kitching |first2=I. |date=January 2016 |title=The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of ''Anopheles'' (Diptera: Culicidae) |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=45 |pages=34–47 |url=https://nhm.openrepository.com/handle/10141/612216 |doi=10.1111/zsc.12137 |hdl=10141/612216 |s2cid=46364692 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro ndụ ==

Dịka anwụnta niile, anophelines na-agafe usoro anọ n'usoro ndụ ha: akwa (bayọlọji), larva, pupa, na imago|okenye. Usoro atọ mbụ bụ mmiri mmiri ma ha abụọ na-adịru ụbọchị 5-14, dabere na ụdị na okpomọkụ gburugburu. Oge okenye bụ mgbe nwanyị &quot;'Anopheles'&quot; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka malaria Vector (epidemiology). Ụmụ nwanyị toro eto nwere ike ịdị ndụ ruo otu ọnwa (maọbụ karịa n'agha), mana o yikarịrị ka ha agaghị adị ndụ karịa izu abụọ n'okike.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;&gt;citation-attribution|1={{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/life-cycle-of-anopheles-mosquitoes.html |title=Life Cycle of ''Anopheles'' Mosquitoes |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=April 23, 2026 |date=May 14, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwa ===
[[File:Anopheles egg 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|''Anopheles'' eggs with their distinctive side floats]]

Ndị inyom toro eto na-etinye àkwá 50–200 kwa oviposition. Àkwá ndị ahụ dị obere (ihe dị ka Tụgharịa|0.5|mm|in|sigfig=1 × Tụgharịa|0.2|mm|in|sigfig=1). A na-etinye àkwá n'otu n'otu na ozugbo n'ime mmiri. Ha pụrụ iche n'ihi na ha nwere ihe ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. Àkwá anaghị anabata nkụ ma ọ bụ ịpụta n'ime ụbọchị 2–3, ọ bụ ezie na ịmụpụta nwere ike were izu abụọ maọbụ atọ n'ebe oyi na-atụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

=== Larvae ===

Nwa anwụnta ahụ nwere isi ya nke ọma, nke nwere ahịhịa ọnụ e ji enye nri, nnukwu Thorax (ahụ ahụhụ) na akụkụ itoolu afọ. O nweghị ụkwụ. Ọdịghị ka anwụnta ndị ọzọ, larva &quot;'Anopheles'' enweghị siphon iku ume, ya mere ọ na-eguzo onwe ya ka ahụ ya wee dị n'elu mmiri. N'aka nke ọzọ, larva nke anwụnta culicine na-arapara n'elu mmiri site na siphon azụ, ahụ na-atụ aka ala. Larvae na-eku ume site na Spiracle (arthropods) dị na akụkụ afọ nke asatọ, ya mere ọ ga-abịa n'elu elu ugboro ugboro. Larvae ahụ na-etinye oge ha niile na-eri algae, bacteria, na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'ime akwa dị gịrịgịrị. Ha na-amaba n'okpuru elu ahụ naanị mgbe a kpasuru ha iwe.  Larvae na-egwu mmiri site na mmegharị ahụ dum ma ọ bụ site na Mmiri propulsion site na iji ahịhịa ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

Larvae na-etolite site na usoro anọ, ma ọ bụ instars, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ha metamorphosis,metamorphose na pupae. Na njedebe nke mmalite ọ bụla, larvae na-akpụ akpụ, na-awụpụ exoskeletons ha, ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ahụ, iji mee ka uto dịkwuo elu. Larvae ndị ahụ na-apụta n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi, mana ọtụtụ ụdị na-ahọrọ mmiri dị ọcha, nke na-adịghị emerụ emerụ. A chọtala larvae nke &quot;Anopheles&quot; n'ime apịtị mmiri dị ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ mmiri nnu, apịtị mangrove, ubi osikapa, olulu ahịhịa, nsọtụ iyi na osimiri, na obere ọdọ mmiri mmiri ozuzo nwa oge. Ọtụtụ ụdị a na-ahọrọ ebe obibi nwere ahịhịa. Ndị ọzọ na-ahọrọ ebe obibi na-enweghị nke ọ bụla. Ụfọdụ na-amụ nwa n'ọdọ mmiri mepere emepe, mgbe anyanwụ na-enwu, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ahụ naanị n'ebe ndị nwere ndò n'ime ọhịa.  Ụfọdụ ụdị na-amụ nwa n'ime oghere osisi ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ axils nke ụfọdụ osisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=150 heights=225&gt;
File:AnophelesLarvaPhoto CDCHarryWeinburgh publicdomain.jpg|''Anopheles'' larva
File:Anopheles Culex larvae feeding position-USDA.jpg|Feeding position of an ''Anopheles'' larva (A), culicine larva with its siphon (B)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Pupae ===
Pupa (a makwaara dị ka tumbler) dị ka comma ma a lee ya anya site n'akụkụ. A na-ejikọta isi na Thorax (ahụ maka ụmụ ahụhụ)n'ime cephalothorax, afọ na-agbagharị n'okpuru ya. Dịka ọ dị na ụmụ ahụhụ, nwamba ahụ ga-abịa n'elu mgbe niile iji kuo ume, nke ọ na-eme site na opi iku ume abụọ na cephalothorax ya. Mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gasịrị dịka nwamba, elu azụ nke cephalothorax na-agbawa agbawa, anwụnta toro eto na-apụtakwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=150 heights=225&gt;
Anopheles (YPM IZ 093745).jpeg|Pupa
File:The pupa of a mosquito (Anopheles maculipennis). Reproductio Wellcome V0022598 (cropped).jpg|''Anopheles maculipennis|A. maculipennis'' pupa, breathing at the surface
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== OKENYE YA===

[[File:Anopheles Culex adult resting position-USDA.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|Resting positions of adult ''Anopheles'' (A, B) are more upright than that of Culicinae (C).]]

Dịka anwụnta niile, ụdị &quot;Anopheles&quot; ndị toro eto nwere ahụ dị gịrịgịrị nke nwere akụkụ atọ: isi, úkwù na afọ. Isi ahụ bụ nke pụrụ iche maka inweta ozi mmetụta uche na maka inye nri. O nwere anya na ụzọ abụọ dị ogologo, nke nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ Antenna (bayọlọji)|antennae. Antennae dị mkpa maka ịchọpụta isi ndị ọbịa, yana ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-amụ nwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt; Anwụnta nwanyị na-ebu &quot;Plasmodium'', nje ndị na-akpata ịba, na-adọrọ mmasị nke ukwuu na ume mmadụ na isi ọjọọ karịa anwụnta na-enweghị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smallegange van Gemert van de Vegte-Bolmer Gezan 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Smallegange |first1=Renate C. |last2=van Gemert |first2=Geert-Jan |last3=van de Vegte-Bolmer |first3=Marga |last4=Gezan |first4=Salvador |last5=Takken |first5=Willem |last6=Sauerwein |first6=Robert W. |last7=Logan |first7=James G. |title=Malaria Infected Mosquitoes Express Enhanced Attraction to Human Odor |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=5 |date=2013-05-15 |pmid=23691073 |pmc=3655188 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0063602 |article-number=e63602 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...863602S |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isi ya nwere ogologo, nke na-apụta n'ihu proboscis nke e ji enye nri, yana maxillary palps abụọ. Palp ndị a na-ebu ndị na-anabata carbon dioxide, ihe na-adọta anwụnta nke na-eme ka anwụnta nwee ike ịchọta onye ọbịa ya. Thorax (ahụ maka ụmụ ahụhụ) bụ nke pụrụ iche maka ijegharị. A na-ejikọ ụkwụ atọ na nku abụọ na thorax. Afọ bụ nke pụrụ iche maka mgbaze nri na mmepe àkwá. Akụkụ ahụ a kewara ekewa na-agbasa nke ukwuu mgbe nwanyị riri nri ọbara. A na-agbari ọbara ka oge na-aga, na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke protein maka mmepụta àkwá, nke na-ejupụta afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;


A pụrụ ịmata &quot;Anopheles&quot; site na anwụnta ndị ọzọ site na palps, nke dị ogologo dịka proboscis, yana site na ọnụnọ nke ihe mkpuchi ojii na ọcha dị iche iche na nku. A pụkwara ịchọpụta ndị toro eto site na ọnọdụ izu ike ha: nwoke na nwanyị na-ezu ike na afọ ha na-atụ aka elu, n'adịghị ka anwụnta culicine. Anwụnta ndị toro eto na-abụkarị ndị na-akpakọ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ha si n'ọkwa nwa pụta. N'ọtụtụ ụdị, ụmụ nwoke na-etolite nnukwu square, na-abụkarị n'oge mgbede, ụmụ nwanyị na-efekwa n'ime ìgwè ahụ iji kpaa. Oge site na àkwá ruo okenye dịgasị iche iche n'etiti ụdị, okpomọkụ gburugburu na-emetụtakwa nke ukwuu. Anwụnta nwere ike ịmalite site na àkwá ruo okenye n'ime obere ụbọchị ise, mana ọ nwere ike were ụbọchị 10-14 n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

Ndị ikom na-ebi ihe dị ka otu izu, na-eri nectar na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke sugar.  Ndị ikom enweghị ike iri ọbara, n'ihi na o yiri ka ọ na-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ ma na-egbu ha n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole, ihe dị ka ndụ ha niile dịka nri naanị mmiri.diet.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nikbakhtzadeh |first1=Mahmood R. |last2=Buss |first2=Garrison K. |last3=Leal |first3=Walter S. |date=2016-01-26 |title=Toxic Effect of Blood Feeding in Male Mosquitoes |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |volume=7 |page=4 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00004 |pmc=4726748 |pmid=26858651 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Ụmụ nwanyị na-eri shuga maka ike, mana ha na-achọkarị nri ọbara maka mmepụta àkwá. Mgbe ha nwetasịrị nri ọbara zuru oke, nwanyị ahụ na-ezu ike ruo ụbọchị ole na ole ka ọbara na-agbari ma na-etolite àkwá. Usoro a dabere na okpomọkụ, mana ọ na-ewekarị ụbọchị 2-3 n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ. Ozugbo àkwá ahụ tolitere nke ọma, nwanyị ahụ na-etinye ha ma maliteghachi ịchọ onye ọbịa. Usoro ahụ na-emegharị onwe ya ruo mgbe nwanyị ahụ nwụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịdị ndụ karịa otu ọnwa n'agha, ọtụtụ anaghị adị ndụ karịa otu izu ruo abụọ n'okike. Ndụ ha dabere na okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, na ikike ha inweta nri ọbara nke ọma ma na-ezere nchebe onye ọbịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=350&gt;
File:Anopheles female Turkhud (bw).png|Morphology of female ''Anopheles''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi ===

=== Nkesa===
 &quot;Anopheles&quot; bi ma n'ebe okpomọkụ a maara maka ịba dịka ndịda Sahara Africa, nakwa n'ebe oyi na-atụ. Ọrịa ịba na-efe efe emeela n'oge gara aga n'ebe oyi na-atụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'oge e wuru Rideau Canal na Kanada n'afọ 1820.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wylie 1983&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Wylie WNT |s2cid=143040362 |year=1983 |title=Poverty, Distress, and Disease: Labour and the Construction of the Rideau Canal, 1826–32 |journal=Labour/Le Travail |volume=11 |pages=7–29 |jstor=25140199 |doi=10.2307/25140199}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ụdị &quot;Anopheles&quot; nke nwere ike ibufe ịba abụghị naanị n'ebe ndị ọrịa ịba na-agbasa, yabụ ebe ndị a na-ewepụ ha na-anọkarị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịmaliteghachi ọrịa ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;CDC Where Malaria 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=April 9, 2020 |title=CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - Where Malaria occurs |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html |access-date=December 20, 2022 |website=cdc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Anopheles-range-map.png|thumb|center|upright=3.5|Global distribution of ''Anopheles'' species covers both the tropics with numerous malarias, and colder areas not subject to malaria at the start of the 21st century.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC Where Malaria 2020&quot;/&gt;]]

===Ebe obibi===
&quot;Anopheles&quot; chọrọ mmiri, ikekwe obere na oge ụfọdụ, maka ụmụ ahụhụ mmiri na ụmụ nkịta ha. Ebe obibi kwesịrị ekwesị sitere na ọdọ mmiri ruo na tankị mmiri, apịtị, olulu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Anopheles Mosquitoes |url=https://globalvectorhub.tghn.org/vector-species/anopheles-mosquitoes/ |website=Global Vector Hub |access-date=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;Otú ọ dị, ndị toro eto nwere ike ibi n'ógbè kpọrọ nkụ dịka savanna na Sahel nke Afrịka. Ha nwere ike ịga ebe dị anya site na mmiri, mgbe ụfọdụkwa ifufe kwesịrị ekwesị na-efesa ha ruo ọtụtụ narị kilomita. Ndị toro eto nwere ike inwe ahụ iru ala ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa n'otu oge, na-ehi ụra n'oge okpomọkụ kpọrọ nkụ, na-enye ha ohere ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ iru ala n'oge Africa oge ọkọchị &lt;ref name=&quot;Baldini Viana 2023 pp. 1–3&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Baldini |first1=Francesco |last2=Viana |first2=Mafalda |title=Dried out but alive: how mosquitoes survive 8 months |journal=Trends in Parasitology |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=2023 |doi=10.1016/j.pt.2022.11.006 |pages=1–3|pmid=36470782 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, ''Anopheles'' have been documented travelling in baggage, such as on aircraft.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ibáñez-Justicia Smitz den Hartog van de Vossenberg 2020 p. 3450&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ibáñez-Justicia |first1=Adolfo |last2=Smitz |first2=Nathalie |last3=den Hartog |first3=Wietse |last4=van de Vossenberg |first4=Bart |last5=De Wolf |first5=Katrien |last6=Deblauwe |first6=Isra |last7=Van Bortel |first7=Wim |last8=Jacobs |first8=Frans |last9=Vaux |first9=Alexander G. C. |last10=Medlock |first10=Jolyon M. |last11=Stroo |first11=Arjan |display-authors=5 |title=Detection of Exotic Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) at International Airports in Europe |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=17 |issue=10 |date=2020-05-15 |pmid=32429218 |pmc=7277938 |doi=10.3390/ijerph17103450 |page=3450 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Parasiti ===
Nje nke &quot;Anopheles&quot; gụnyere Microsporidia nke ụdị &quot;'Amblyospora'', ''Crepidulospora'', ''Senoma'' na ''Parathelohania'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Simakova 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Simakova, A. V. |author2=Pankova, T. F. |year=2008 |title=Ecology and epizootology of microsporidia in malarial mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the south of western Siberia |journal=Parazitologiia |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=139–150 |pmid=18664069 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;A na-ahụ usoro ndụ abụọ dị iche iche na Microsporidia. N'ụdị nke mbụ, nje ahụ na-ebufe site na ụzọ ọnụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ya na-adịghị ahụkebe. Na nke abụọ, ebe ụzọ ọnụ bụ ụzọ a na-esi ebute ọrịa, nje ahụ na-eri n'ime onye nwere ọrịa dị n'etiti. Ọrịa nke ụdị nku ụmụ ahụhụ na-abụkarị nke anụ ahụ kpọmkwem, ọ na-agụnyekarịkwa ahụ abụba. Nnyefe kwụ ọtọ (transovarial) na-emekwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Baker Vossbrinck Becnel 1998&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Baker, Michael D. |author2=Vossbrinck, Charles R. |author3=Becnel, James J. |author4=Andreadis, Theodore G. |year=1998 |title=Phylogeny of ''Amblyospora'' (Microsporida: Amblyosporidae) and related genera based on small subunit ribosomal DNA data: a possible example of host parasite cospeciation |journal=Journal of Invertebrate Pathology |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=199–206 |pmid=9538024 |doi=10.1006/jipa.1997.4725 |bibcode=1998JInvP..71..199B |url=http://www.ct.gov/caes/LIB/caes/documents/biographies/BakerJIP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106080553/http://ct.gov/caes/LIB/caes/documents/biographies/BakerJIP98.pdf|archive-date=November 6, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụọla nje bacteria ''Wolbachia'' maka iji ha eme ihe dị ka ihe na-achịkwa ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Discovery Article&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.discovery.com/animals/mosquito-parasite-disease-fighting.html |title=Mosquito Parasite Fights Infectious Disease |website=Discovery News |date=1 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123222013/http://news.discovery.com/animals/mosquito-parasite-disease-fighting.html |archive-date=23 November 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị na-añụ ọbara anụ ọzọ ===

Ududo na-awụli elu ''Evarcha culicivora'' na-eri ọbara ọkpụkpụ azụ site n'ịchụso 'Anopheles'' nke nwanyị..&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson Jackson Sune 2005&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=Ximena J. |last2=Jackson |first2=Robert R. |last3=Sune |first3=Godfrey |title=Use of ''Anopheles''-specific prey-capture behavior by the small juveniles of ''Evarcha culicivora'', a mosquito-eating jumping spider |journal=The Journal of Arachnology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=541–548 |date=2005 |doi=10.1636/05-3.1 |s2cid=55244513}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ududo ụmụaka na-ahọrọ &quot;Anopheles&quot; karịa anụ oriri ọ bụla ọzọ n'agbanyeghị ma ọ bụ ọbara ka o bu.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson Cross 2015&quot;&gt;Jackson, Robert R.; Cross, Fiona R. &quot;Mosquito-terminator spiders and the meaning of predatory specialization.&quot; The Journal of Arachnology 43.2 (2015): 123–142.&lt;/ref&gt; Ududo ụmụaka ewerela omume njide anụ &quot;Anopheles&quot; nke a na-akpọ &quot;Anopheles&quot;, na-eji ọnọdụ &quot;Anopheles&quot; eme ihe dị ka ihe e ji amata ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson Jackson Sune 2005&quot;/&gt; &quot;Anopheles&quot; nwere ọnọdụ izu ike pụrụ iche yana afọ ya gbagọrọ agbagọ. N'ọnọdụ a, ududo ahụ na-abịa site n'azụ anwụnta na n'okpuru afọ ya, wee si n'okpuru wakpo ya. ref name=&quot;Nelson Jackson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=Ximena J. |last2=Jackson |first2=Robert R. |title=A Predator from East Africa that Chooses Malaria Vectors as Preferred Prey |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=132 |date=2006 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000132 |pmid=17205136 |pmc=1762417 |bibcode=2006PLoSO...1..132N |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrịa ịba na-efe efe ==

=== Isi mmalite ndị a kacha amasị maka nri ọbara ===

Ebe ọ bụ na ụdị &quot;Anopheles&quot; bụ naanị ihe na-ebute ịba, a mụọla ya nke ọma n'ịchọ ụzọ njikwa dị irè. Otu ihe dị mkpa gbasara omume bụ otú ụdị &quot;Anopheles&quot; si ahọrọ iri ụmụ mmadụ anthropophily ma ọ bụ anụmanụ dịka ehi ma ọ bụ nnụnụ (zoophily). Ndị &quot;Anthropophilic&quot; &quot;Anopheles&quot; nwere ike ibufe nje ịba site n'otu onye gaa na nke ọzọ. Ọtụtụ &quot;Anopheles&quot; abụghị naanị ihe na-akpata ịba ma ọ bụ nje, gụnyere ihe na-akpata ịba mbụ na ọdịda anyanwụ United States, Anopheles freeborni|''A. freeborni''.&lt;ref&gt;Carpenter, S. J.; LaCasse, W. J. (1955). ''Mosquitoes of North America (North of Mexico)''. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. pp. 39–42. {{ISBN|0-520-02638-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=McHugh |first=Chad P. |date=1989-08-01 |title=Ecology of a Semi-Isolated Population of Adult Anopheles Freeborni: Abundance, Trophic Status, Parity, Survivorship, Gonotrophic Cycle Length, and Host Selection |journal=The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=169–176 |doi=10.4269/ajtmh.1989.41.169 |pmid=2774063}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the primary malaria vectors in Africa, ''Anopheles gambiae|A. gambiae'' and ''A. funestus'', are strongly anthropophilic and are consequently major vectors of human malaria.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

=== Ohere nke ibute ọrịa ịba ===
Ozugbo anwụnta riri nje ịba, nje ịba ga-etolite n'ime anwụnta tupu ha ebute ọrịa nye mmadụ. Oge achọrọ maka nje ahụ itolite n'ime anwụnta (oge mpụga incubation) dị site na ụbọchị iri ruo iri abụọ na otu, dabere na ụdị nje ahụ na okpomọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na anwụnta anaghị adị ndụ ruo ogologo oge ka nje ahụ tolite, mgbe ahụ ọ naghị ebufe nje ọ bụla.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịtụle ndụ anwụnta n'okike ozugbo, mana emeela atụmatụ na-apụtaghị ìhè nke ndụ anwụnta kwa ụbọchị maka ọtụtụ ụdị &quot;Anopheles&quot;. Atụmatụ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na Tanzania nke &quot;A. gambiae&quot;, ihe na-ebute nje &quot;Plasmodium falciparum&quot; dị ize ndụ, dị site na 0.77 ruo 0.84, nke pụtara na mgbe otu ụbọchị gasịrị, n'etiti 77% na 84% adịla ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Charlwood Smith Billingsley Takken 1997&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Charlwood |first1=J. D. |last2=Smith |first2=T. |last3=Billingsley |first3=P. F. |last4=Takken |first4=W. |last5=Lyimo |first5=E. O. K. |last6=Meuwissen |first6=J. H. E. T. |title=Survival and infection probabilities of anthropophagic anophelines from an area of high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in humans |journal=Bulletin of Entomological Research |volume=87 |issue=5 |date=1997 |doi=10.1017/S0007485300041304 |pages=445–453 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/298415/files/S0007485300041304.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụrụ na ndụ anwụnta a na-adịgide ruo ogologo ndụ anwụnta, ihe na-erughị pasent 10 nke ụmụ nwanyị &quot;A. gambiae&quot; ga-adị ndụ karịa oge ịnọ n'èzí ụbọchị 14. Ọ bụrụ na ndụ anwụnta kwa ụbọchị amụbaa ruo 0.9, ihe karịrị pasent 20 nke anwụnta ga-adị ndụ karịa otu oge ahụ. Usoro njikwa nke dabere na ọgwụ ahụhụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ ịgba ọgwụ fọdụrụ n'ime ụlọ) nwere ike imetụta ịba. Nnyefe (ọgwụ)|nnyefe site na mmetụta ha na ogologo ndụ ndị okenye karịa site na mmetụta ha na ọnụọgụ anwụnta ndị toro eto.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

=== Usoro nri na izu ike ===

Ọtụtụ ''Anopheles'' bụ crepuscular (na-arụ ọrụ n'oge mgbede ma ọ bụ chi ọbụbọ) ma ọ bụ abalị (na-arụ ọrụ n'abalị). Ụfọdụ na-eri nri n'ime ụlọ (endophagic), ebe ndị ọzọ na-eri nri n'èzí (exophagic). Mgbe ha nyesịrị nri, ụfọdụ anwụnta ọbara na-ahọrọ izu ike n'ime ụlọ (endophilic), ebe ndị ọzọ na-ahọrọ izu ike n'èzí (exofical). Enwere ike ibelata ịta ahụhụ site na 'Anopheles'' site na abalị, endophagic site na iji ụgbụ akwa e ji ọgwụ Ịnsektisaịdị gwọọ ma ọ bụ site na owuwu ụlọ ka mma iji gbochie anwụnta ịbanye (dịka ọmụmaatụ window screens. A na-achịkwa anwụnta Endophilic ngwa ngwa site na ịgba ọgwụ ahụhụ fọdụrụ n'ime ụlọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, a na-achịkwa vektọ exophagic/exophilic site na ibibi ebe ọmụmụ, dịka site na ijupụta ọdọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

=== Osisi afọ ===

Ebe ọ bụ na mbufe ọrịa site na anwụnta chọrọ iri ọbara, osisi afọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta na ọganiihu nke ọrịa nke anwụnta na-ebi. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ahụhụ na ụmụ ahụhụ na-enweta site na photosynthetic cyanobacteria, ebe n'ime ndị toro eto, bakteria gram-negative na Pseudomonadota na Bacteroidota phyla na-achịkwa nke ukwuu. Nri ọbara na-ebelata ụdị nje dị iche iche dị na afọ, na-eme ka nje bacteria na-amasị ha nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |title=Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024767 |vauthors=Wang Y, ((Gilbreath TM III)), Kukutla P, Yan G, Xu J |year=2011 |editor1-last=Leulier |editor1-first=François |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=9 |article-number=e24767 |pmid=21957459 |pmc=3177825 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...624767W |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikwa ==
[[File:PMI IRS2-2-1140x684.jpg|alt=Person wearing personal protective equipment performing indoor residual spraying on a house to prevent mosquitoes.|thumb|Person wearing personal protective equipment performing indoor residual spraying on a house to prevent malaria.]]

=== Njikwa ===

Igbu ụmụ ahụhụ gụnyere ụzọ mbụ isi kpochapụ anwụnta ịba. Agbanyeghị, anwụnta, n'oge obere oge, nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide ngwa ngwa, dịka e mere n'oge mkpọsa Mkpochapụ Ịba Ahụ́ nke Mba Nile nke afọ 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;Najera 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Najera |first1=J. A. |title=Malaria Control: Achievements, Problems, &amp; Strategies |url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/66640/WHO_MAL_99.1087.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=23 January 2024 |ref=WHO/MAL/99.1087 |date=1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ọrụ ugbo emeela ka ọnụọgụ anwụnta ghara iguzogide, nke pụtara na mmemme njikwa dị irè ga-enyocha maka iguzogide ma gbanwee gaa n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na achọpụta na a na-egbochi iguzogide.  &lt;ref name=&quot;CDC Biology&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Biology: Anopheles Mosquitoes (tab 5) |date=16 July 2020 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/#tabs-1-5 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=16 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Mkpochapu ===

Na 2016, a tụrụ aro usoro CRISPR-Cas9 njine drive iji kpochapụ ''Anopheles gambiae'',,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hammond |first1=Andrew |last2=Galizi |first2=Roberto |last3=Kyrou |first3=Kyros |last4=Simoni |first4=Alekos |last5=Siniscalchi |first5=Carla |last6=Katsanos |first6=Dimitris |last7=Gribble |first7=Matthew |last8=Baker |first8=Dean |last9=Marois |first9=Eric |last10=Russell |first10=Steven |last11=Burt |first11=Austin |display-authors=5 |date=January 2016 |title=A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive system targeting female reproduction in the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=78–83 |doi=10.1038/nbt.3439 |pmid=26641531 |pmc=4913862}}&lt;/ref&gt; by deleting the ''Doublesex|dsx'' gene, causing female sterility. Such a gene drive system has been shown to suppress an entire caged ''A. gambiae'' population&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kyrou |first1=Kyros |last2=Hammond |first2=Andrew M. |last3=Galizi |first3=Roberto |last4=Kranjc |first4=Nace |last5=Burt |first5=Austin |last6=Beaghton |first6=Andrea K. |last7=Nolan |first7=Tony |last8=Crisanti |first8=Andrea |date=November 2018 |title=A CRISPR–Cas9 gene drive targeting doublesex causes complete population suppression in caged Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=1062–1066 |doi=10.1038/nbt.4245 |pmid=30247490 |pmc=6871539 |bibcode=2018NatBi..36.1062K |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'ime ọgbọ asaa ruo nke iri na otu, nke na-adịkarị ihe na-erughị otu afọ. Nke a ebutela nchegbu gbasara ma arụmọrụ nke usoro mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa yana mmetụta omume na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmemme iwepụ ụdị ọrịa a. journal |last1=Taning |first1=Clauvis Nji Tizi |last2=Van Eynde |first2=Benigna |last3=Yu |first3=Na |last4=Ma |first4=Sanyuan |last5=Smagghe |first5=Guy |date=April 2017 |title=CRISPR/Cas9 in insects: Applications, best practices and biosafety concerns |journal=Journal of Insect Physiology |volume=98 |pages=245–257 |doi=10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.007 |pmid=28108316|bibcode=2017JInsP..98..245T |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8511395/file/8511396 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;Ya mere, a na-agba mbọ iji usoro njikọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mee ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke iguzogide &quot;Plasmodium&quot; dịkwuo mma n'ime ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ, dịka ilekwasị anya na iwepụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa &quot;FREP1&quot; na &quot;Anopheles gambiae&quot;. ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dong |first1=Yuemei |last2=Simões |first2=Maria L. |last3=Marois |first3=Eric |last4=Dimopoulos |first4=George |date=2018-03-08 |title=CRISPR/Cas9 -mediated gene knockout of Anopheles gambiae FREP1 suppresses malaria parasite infection |journal=PLOS Pathogens |volume=14 |issue=3 |article-number=e1006898 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006898 |pmid=29518156 |pmc=5843335 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị nchọpụta na Burkina Faso emepụtala ụdị ero &quot;Metarhizium pinghaense&quot; nke e mepụtara site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji mepụta nsị nke ududo ntanetị nke Australia; ikpughe ya na ero ahụ mere ka ọnụọgụgụ &quot;Anopheles&quot; daa site na 99% na nnwale a na-achịkwa.
 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Gallagher |first=James |date=31 May 2019 |title=GM fungus rapidly kills 99% of malaria mosquitoes, study suggests |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-48464510 |work=BBC News Online |access-date=31 Dec 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==


==Edensibịa ==

{{reflist|30em}}

==Njikọ Mpụga==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040320182058/http://www.anobase.org/ ''Anopheles'' Database] (archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121203201743/https://www.vectorbase.org/Anopheles_gambiae/Info/Index ''Anopheles gambiae'' Genome and Related Data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203201743/https://www.vectorbase.org/Anopheles_gambiae/Info/Index |date=2012-12-03 }}
* [https://www.cdc.gov/Malaria/ CDC – National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases; Malaria]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060921000929/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/biology/mosquito/map.htm CDC – World map showing distribution of various ''Anopheles'' species] (archived)
* [http://www.wrbu.org/  Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit.] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173327/https://www.wrbu.org/|date=15 December 2018|title=Archived version}}) – Links to the online mosquito catalog, keys for mosquito identification, images and information on medically important species and much more.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150330171641/http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/ Malaria Atlas Project] (archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180509035207/http://www.metapathogen.com/mosquito/anopheles/ ''Anopheles gambiae'' taxonomy, facts and life cycle] (archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170130141158/http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/Anopheles_quadrimaculatus.htm ''Anopheles quadrimaculatus'', common malaria mosquito] (archived) on the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences ''Featured Creatures'' website
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Anopheles.html ''Anopheles''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821202050/https://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/classification/Anopheles.html|date=5 May 2021|title=Archived version}}</text>
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    <title>Malaria prophylaxis</title>
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      <comment>Ewepụrụ m ụfọdụ templeeti nwere akara mme-mme</comment>
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'''Mgbochi ọrịa ịba''' na'''-'''ezo aka n'ihe eji egbochi ọrịa ịba n'ime ndị nwere ike ibute nje ''Plasmodium'' nke anwụnta ''Anopheles'' na-ebufe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO global database on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors|url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/prevention/vector-control/global-databases-on-invasive-mosquito-vector-species|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ndị a gụnyere ụzọ isi zere ịta anwụnta na iji ọgwụ mgbochi ịba e were tupu, n'oge, na mgbe e kpughesịrị ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2025-06-24|title=Choosing a Drug to Prevent Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/drug-malaria/index.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=Malaria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-atụkarị aro ọgwụ mgbochi maka ndị njem na-aga ebe ndị ọrịa na-anaghị efe efe na ụfọdụ ndị bi na mpaghara ebe ọrịa ịba na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhọrọ nke usoro mgbochi ọrịa dabere na ihe ndị dị ka ebe ala dị, ụkpụrụ iguzogide nje, njirimara onye ọrịa, na oge ọ na-ekpughe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2025-06-24|title=Choosing a Drug to Prevent Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/drug-malaria/index.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=Malaria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-emepụta ọtụtụ [[ọgwụ mgbochi ịba]], ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụ mgbochi ndị dị ugbu a dị irè, a chọrọ nnyocha ka ukwuu iji jikwaa ịba na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sallam|first=Malik|date=2025|title=Current Developments in Malaria Vaccination: A Concise Review on Implementation, Challenges, and Future Directions|journal=Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications|volume=17|pages=29–47|doi=10.2147/CPAA.S513282|issn=1179-1438|pmid=40191019}}&lt;/ref&gt;    

Mgbochi ịba n'ọtụtụ ebe abụrụla ihe mgbochi ego na ihe mgbochi omenala n'ime Afrịka. Ihe mgbochi ego gụnyere nsogbu enyemaka mba ofesi, dịka mbelata ego US, na nrụrụ aka na-aga n'ihu n'ime mba Afrịka kachasị na mba enyemaka ahụ na-aga. Ihe mgbochi omenala gụnyere nkwenkwe dị iche iche nke obodo na a pụghị ịtụkwasị ụfọdụ ọgwụ obi ma ọ bụ na a ga-eji ọgwụ ọzọ dochie ọgwụ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ. Agbanyeghị, enwere mmeme iji mee ka mmata ịba dịkwuo mma n'ọkwa mba na mpaghara na mba ndị a.

Ọtụtụ ndị toro eto si n'ebe ọrịa ahụ na-efe efe na-enwe obere ọrịa ogologo oge, nke na-emekarị ka ọ na-alọghachi, ma nweekwa akụkụ mgbochi ọrịa (mgbochi); mgbochi ọrịa ahụ na-ebelata ka oge na-aga, ndị toro eto dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike ibute nnukwu ịba ma ọ bụrụ na ha anọọla ogologo oge n'ebe ndị na-efe efe. A na-adụ ha ọdụ ka ha kpachara anya nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na ha alaghachi n'ebe ọrịa ahụ na-efe efe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO consolidated Guidelines for malaria|url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/guidelines-for-malaria|accessdate=2026-05-02|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Atụmatụ maka mgbochi ==

* Mgbochi ata—uwe ndị na-ekpuchi akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọma, ọgwụ mgbochi ahụhụ, ihe ndina e tinyere n'ime ọgwụ ahụhụ na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji fesa n'ime ụlọ.
* Chemoprophylaxis - ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ maka ọrịa ahụ

Mmezi na-aga n'ihu na usoro mgbochi ịba emeela ka ọ dịkwuo irè n'ịlụso ebe nje ịba nke ukwuu ọgụ. Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) na-akwado ma njikwa vektọ, ma ọ bụ mgbochi nke kọntaktị anwụnta, yana ọgwụgwọ kemoterapi dị iche iche, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ n'oge na mgbe afọ ime gasịrị, iji gbochie ihe omume ịba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO consolidated Guidelines for malaria|url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/guidelines-for-malaria|accessdate=2026-03-03|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbochi ịta ===
Izere nta anwụnta bụ isi ihe dị mkpa na mgbochi ịba n'ihi na a na-ebute ịba site na nta nke anwụnta ''Anopheles'' nwanyị nwere ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2024-05-16|title=How Malaria Spreads|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/causes/index.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=Malaria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro mgbochi gụnyere iji ụgbụ e ji ọgwụ ahụhụ gwọọ, ọgwụ ndị na-egbu ụmụ ahụhụ nwere DEET ma ọ bụ picaridin, na uwe nchebe nke na-ebelata akpụkpọ ahụ a na-ekpughe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Updated WHO recommendations for malaria chemoprevention and elimination|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/03-06-2022-updated-who-recommendations-for-malaria-chemoprevention-and-elimination|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gosikwara na ọgwụ ndị e ji ọgwụ ahụhụ fesa n'ime ụlọ na-ebelata mbufe ịba n'ebe ndị mmadụ na-anaghị ahụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2024-09-19|title=Indoor Residual Spraying Prevention Strategies|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/public-health-strategy/irs-strategies.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=Malaria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro izere ata dị oke mkpa n'ebe ndị ọgwụ mgbochi ịba na-egbochi irè nke chemoprophylaxis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strategy to respond to antimalarial drug resistance in Africa|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240060265|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọgwụ ==
Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ọgwụ ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịtụle ihe egwu nke ibute ọrịa site na ihe egwu na mmetụta ndị metụtara ọgwụ ndị ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;McMillanFeigin2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Julia A.|author=McMillan|title=Oski's pediatrics: principles &amp; practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbjFQiz8aR0C&amp;pg=RA1-PA1348|accessdate=13 November 2010|date=1 April 2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-3894-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbochi na-akpaghasị ===
Usoro nnwale gụnyere igbochi nje ahụ ijikọ na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie site na igbochi mgbaàmà calcium n'etiti nje ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ nnabata. A na-eji protein ndị yiri erythrocyte-binding-like protein (EBLs) na reticulocyte-binding protein homologues (RHs) site n'aka ndị otu ''P. falciparum'' pụrụ iche a maara dị ka rhoptries na micronemes iji jikọta na sel nnabata. Ịkwụsị usoro njikọ ahụ nwere ike ịkwụsị nje ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;giz1312&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gizmag.com/malaria-vaccine-red-cell-ntu/30146/|title=Shutting the door on Malaria offers new vaccine hope|date=19 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Triggers of key calcium signals during erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|pmid=24280897|doi=10.1038/ncomms3862}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E jiri ọgwụ mgbochi monoclonal kwụsị mgbaàmà calcium n'etiti PfRH1 (protein RH), protein EBL EBA175 na sel onye ọbịa. Nsogbu a kwụsịrị usoro njikọ ahụ kpamkpam.&lt;ref name=&quot;giz1312&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gizmag.com/malaria-vaccine-red-cell-ntu/30146/|title=Shutting the door on Malaria offers new vaccine hope|date=19 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbochi mgbochi ===
Chloroquine, proguanil, mefloquine, na doxycycline bụ ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali. Nke a pụtara na ha na-arụ ọrụ naanị mgbe nje na-akpata ịba batara n'ọkwa ọbara (ọkwa erythrocytic) n'ime usoro ndụ ya, ya mere ha enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla ruo mgbe ọkwa imeju zuru oke. Ọ bụ ya mere a ga-eji na-aṅụ ọgwụ mgbochi ndị a ruo izu anọ mgbe ha hapụsịrị ebe ihe ize ndụ dị.


Mefloquine, doxycycline, na atovaquone-proguanil yiri ka ha na-ebelata ohere nke ịba maka ndị njem obere oge ma ha yiri nke ahụ ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ihe egwu ha nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tickell-Painter2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2017|date=October 2017|issue=10|pmid=29083100|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006491.pub4}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahọrọ Mefloquine mgbe ụfọdụ n'ihi na a na-eji ya otu ugboro n'izu, mana a naghị anabata mefloquine nke ọma ma e jiri ya tụnyere atovaquone-proguanil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tickell-Painter2017&quot; /&gt; E nwere ihe akaebe na-egosi na mefloquine na doxycycline yiri ibe ha ma a bịa n'ọnụọgụgụ ndị kwụsịrị ọgwụgwọ n'ihi obere mmetụta ọjọọ ha nwere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tickell-Painter2017&quot; /&gt; Ndị na-aṅụ mefloquine nwere ike inwe obere mmetụta dịka nsogbu ụra, ịda mbà n'obi, na mmụba na nrọ ndị na-adịghị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tickell-Painter2017&quot; /&gt; E nwere ihe akaebe dị ala nke na-egosi na ojiji doxycycline nwere ike inwe ihe egwu nke afọ ọsịsa, mmetụta foto, ịgbọ agbọ, na ọrịa yist, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mefloquine na atovaquone-proguanil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tickell-Painter2017&quot; /&gt;

=== Chemoprophylaxis ===
Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis na-agụnye iji ọgwụ gbochie ọrịa ịba ma ọ bụ gbochie parasitemia na-esote ụdị ''Plasmodium''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-12-13|title=CDC - DPDx - Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/malaria/index.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe mgbochi ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, na chloroquine, dabere na usoro mgbochi mpaghara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2025-06-24|title=Choosing a Drug to Prevent Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/drug-malaria/index.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=Malaria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Ụfọdụ ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi mgbochi site na ilekwasị anya na nje ndị dị n'ọbara, ebe ndị ọzọ na-enye mgbochi mgbagwoju anya site na ịrụ ọrụ na nje ndị nọ n'ọkwa imeju. Nhọrọ nke usoro mgbochi kwesịrị ekwesị chọrọ ịtụle mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke ọgwụ, ihe mgbochi, nkwenye onye ọrịa, na njem njem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2025-07-31|title=Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/malaria.html|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=Yellow Book|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe mgbochi na-akpata ya ===
Ihe mgbochi na-akpata ya na-elekwasị anya ọ bụghị naanị n'ọbara nke ịba, kamakwa n'ọkwa imeju mbụ. Nke a pụtara na onye na-aṅụ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ike ịkwụsị ya ụbọchị asaa mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ebe ihe ize ndụ ịba dị'''.''' Malarone na primaquine bụ naanị ihe mgbochi na-akpata ya.

=== Ọchịchị ===
[[Faịlụ:Paludisme.png|thumb|Mgbasa nke ịba n'ụwa &lt;ref name=&quot;CDC Malaria distribution&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Image Library: Malaria|url=http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/ImageLibrary/Malaria_il.htm|publisher=[[US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=April 15, 2010|accessdate=2012-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114195407/http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/ImageLibrary/Malaria_il.htm|archivedate=14 January 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;: &lt;span style=&quot;color:#7e0000; font-size:120%;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ịba chloroquine- ma ọ bụ multi-resistant: &lt;span style=&quot;color:#f00; font-size:120%;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt; Ọnụnọ nke ịba na-eguzogide chloroquene: &lt;span style=&quot;color:#e08040; font-size:120%;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt; Enweghị ''Plasmodium falciparum'' ma ọ bụ chloroquin-eguzoride: &lt;span style=&quot;color:silver; font-size:120%;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt; Enweghi ịba&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;]]
WHO, UK HPA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/malaria-guidance-data-and-analysis|title=Malaria: guidance, data and analysis|date=June 19, 2013|accessdate=September 10, 2014|publisher=Public Health England}}&lt;/ref&gt; na CDC na-akwado usoro ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche maka igbochi ọrịa P. falciparum. Ndụmọdụ HPA na WHO kwekọrọ n'otu n'otu (ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ihe dị iche). Ntuziaka CDC na-emegidekarị ntuziaka HPA na WHO.

Usoro ndị a gụnyere:

* doxycycline 100mg otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị (malite otu ụbọchị tupu njem, ma gaa n'ihu ruo izu anọ mgbe ọ lọtara);
* mefloquine 250mg otu ugboro kwa izu (malite izu abụọ na ọkara tupu njem, ma gaa n'ihu ruo izu anọ mgbe ọ lọtara);
* atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone) 1 mbadamba kwa ụbọchị (a na-amalite otu ụbọchị tupu njem, ma na-aga n'ihu ruo otu izu mgbe ọ lọtara). Enwere ike iji ya maka ọgwụgwọ n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.

N'ebe chloroquine na-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ:

* chloroquine 300mg otu ugboro n'izu, na proguanil 200mg otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị (malite otu izu tupu njem, ma gaa n'ihu ruo izu anọ mgbe ọ lọtara);
* hydroxychloroquine 400mg otu ugboro kwa izu (malite otu izu ruo izu abụọ tupu njem ma gaa n'ihu ruo izu anọ mgbe ọ lọtara)

Usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na onye ga-aṅụ ọgwụ ahụ yana obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara ahụ e si aga. Ozi a dị na UK HPA, WHO maọbụ CDC (njikọ dị n'okpuru). Ọnụọgụ ọgwụ daberekwa n'ihe dị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mba Amerịka, mbadamba mefloquine nwere 228mg ntọala, mana 250mg base na UK). Data ahụ na-agbanwe mgbe niile, ọ dịghịkwa ndụmọdụ izugbe ọ bụla ga-ekwe omume.

Ọtụtụ ọgwụ e nyere dị mma maka ndị okenye na ụmụaka dị afọ iri na abụọ na karịa.

Ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si eji ọgwụgwu eme mgbochi ọrịa ịba bụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ: 

* Dapsone 100mg na pyrimethamine 12.5mg otu ugboro n'izu (dị ka mbadamba ngwakọta a na-akpọ Maloprim ma ọ bụ Deltaprim): a naghị akwado ngwakọta a mgbe niile n'ihi ihe egwu nke agranulocytosis ;
* Primaquine 30mg otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị (malite n'ụbọchị tupu njem, ma gaa n'ihu ruo ụbọchị asaa mgbe ị lọtara): a naghị akwado usoro a mgbe niile n'ihi mkpa ọ dị ịnwale G-6-PD tupu ịmalite primaquine (''lee isiokwu gbasara'' primaquine maka ozi ndị ọzọ).
* Quinine sulfate 300 ruo 325mg otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị: usoro a dị irè mana anaghị eji ya mgbe niile n'ihi mmetụta ọjọọ nke quinine.

Mgbochi megide ''Plasmodium vivax'' chọrọ ụzọ dị iche n'ihi ogologo imeju nke nje a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Delayed onset of malaria--implications for chemoprophylaxis in travelers|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=349|issue=16|pages=1510–6|date=October 2003|pmid=14561793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021592}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a bụ ngalaba ahụike chọrọ nka pụrụ iche nke ukwuu.

== Ọgwụ mgbochi ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
Na Nọvemba 2012, nchọpụta sitere na nnwale nke Usoro nke Atọ nke [[ọgwụ mgbochi ịba]] nnwale nke a maara dị ka RTS,S kọrọ na o nyere obere nchebe megide ma ịba na-agwọ ọrịa ma nke siri ike n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ. Mmetụta ya dị ihe dịka pasentị iri atọ n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ dị izu isii ruo iri na abụọ, ebe pasentị iri ise n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ dị ọnwa ise ruo iri na asaa n'afọ mbụ nke nnwale ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=A phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=367|issue=24|pages=2284–95|date=December 2012|pmid=23136909|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1208394|url=http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/427472/1/nejmoa1208394.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E ji protein dị n'elu imeju nke nwere epitopes nke protein dị n'èzí nke ''Plasmodium falciparum'' malaria sporozite, nke a na-emepụta na mkpụrụ ndụ yist, mepụta ọgwụ mgbochi RTS,S. O nwekwara ihe na-eme ka ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ sikwuo ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Casares2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The RTS,S malaria vaccine|journal=Vaccine|volume=28|issue=31|pages=4880–94|date=July 2010|pmid=20553771|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.033|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259429}}&lt;/ref&gt; PATH na GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) na-emepụta ọgwụ mgbochi a, nke mefuru ihe dị ka nde dọla 300 na ọrụ ahụ, tinyere ihe dị ka nde dọla 200 ọzọ site na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/experimental-malaria-vaccine-protects-many-children-study-shows/2011/10/17/gIQA5NyguL_story.html?hpid=z1|title=Experimental malaria vaccine protects many children, study shows.|work=Washington Post|date=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọgwụ mgbochi na mpaghara ndị a na-ahụkarị ===
N'ógbè ndị ọrịa ịba na-agbasa, a na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi iji belata ọrịa na ọnwụ nke ndị nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ịba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Promoting malaria chemoprevention|url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/prevention/preventive-chemotherapies|accessdate=2025-12-19|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-atụ aro ka ụmụaka nọ n'ebe ndị nwere usoro mbufe ọrịa ịba nke oge a na-eme kwa afọ gbochie ọrịa ahụ. A na-eji ọgwụgwọ mgbochi oge ụfọdụ eme ihe n'oge ime na nwa ọhụrụ iji belata ihe ọjọọ ndị metụtara ọrịa ịba. Usoro ndị a nke ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ na-emeju usoro njikwa vektọ ma bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mbọ iji chịkwaa ịba n'ụwa niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Obeagu|first=Emmanuel Ifeanyi|date=November 2024|title=Emerging public health strategies in malaria control: innovations and implications|journal=Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)|volume=86|issue=11|pages=6576–6584|doi=10.1097/MS9.0000000000002578|issn=2049-0801|pmid=39525724}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe mgbochi mgbochi ==
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ sie ike imezu usoro mgbochi ịba. Ihe ndị a na-adaba n'ụdị abụọ bụ isi: nsogbu gbasara ego na nsogbu gbasara otu omenala si anabata usoro ọgwụgwọ.

=== Nkwado ===

==== Nrụrụ aka ====
Ọ bụ ezie na ego maka igbochi ịba amụbaala nke ukwuu malite na ihe dị ka afọ 2001&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Eisele|first=Thomas P.|date=2012-03-28|title=Estimates of child deaths prevented from malaria prevention scale-up in Africa 2001-2010|journal=Malaria Journal|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-11-93|issn=1475-2875|pmid=22455864}}&lt;/ref&gt;, nrụrụ aka egbochila mgbalị iji hụ na ego niile na-aga ebe kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-ahụ ihe atụ nke nrụrụ aka a n'ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche n'Africa.

* [[Uganda|Mba Uganda]] enwetala ego sitere n'aka Global Fund iji lụso ọrịa AIDS, ụkwara nta na ịba ọgụ na 2005 na 2007 n'ihi izu ohi ego enyemaka mgbe niile. E nyochachara ya na 2008/2009 site n'aka Global Fund ma were ya dị ka ebe nchekwa maka akụrụngwa Global Fund. Nnyocha ọzọ emere na 2015 kpughere nrụrụ aka ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ọgwụ e zuru na iji ngwa nnwale ndị gwụchara maka HIV. Nkọwa nke Global Fund mere n'afọ 2017 kwetara na ụfọdụ, mana ọ bụghị ihe niile, nrụrụ aka a na-enyo enyo bụ n'ihi mmejọ njikwa. Agbanyeghị, ọ dịghị ihe gosiri na nrụrụ aka nke sistemụ ahụ ga-akwụsị n'oge na-adịghị anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-04-27|title=Countering Corruption to Promote Social Justice in the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: The Case of Uganda|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203745298-15/countering-corruption-promote-social-justice-global-fund-fight-aids-tuberculosis-malaria-monica-twesiime-kirya-sharifah-sekalala|journal=Taylor &amp; Francis|language=en|doi=10.4324/9780203745298-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Òtù Mba Nile mere nnyocha na [[Burkina Faso]] n'afọ 2010 maka iji ego enyere maka ụgbụ anwụnta e ji ọgwụ ahụhụ gwọọ eme ihe n'ụzọ na- ezighị ezi. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ego e ji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi ruru nde euro itoolu. Nsogbu ndị ọchịchị Burkina Faso nwere n'ịkwụsi ike emeela ka e nwee nsogbu n'ịnapụta ego furu efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Usher|first=Ann Danaiya|date=2016-01-16|title=Global Fund plays hard ball on corruption|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)00094-5/abstract|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=387|issue=10015|pages=213–214|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00094-5|issn=0140-6736|pmid=26842284}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Naijiria|Naịjiria]] mbinye ego ruru nde dọla otu narị ($100 million) n'aka Islamic Development Bank kwụsịrị na Mee 2025 n'ihi nyocha emere n'ụlọ ọrụ Naịjirịa ahụ nke ji ego ahụ, nke mechara bụrụ ikpe mara na ha jikọrọ aka n'inweta nkwekọrịta ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/696825-how-procurement-fraud-stalled-100-million-malaria-project-in-nigeria-minister.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2026-02-26|work=[[Premium Times]]|title=How procurement fraud stalled $100 million malaria project in Nigeria — Minister}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ọgwụgwụ nke USAID ====
N'ime ọkara mbụ nke afọ 2025, ọchịchị Trump mechiri USAID, otu ndị isi na-ahụ maka enyemaka mmadụ nke gọọmentị US. Mkpuchi a gụnyere kagbuo 83% nke mmemme enyemaka mba ofesi niile nke USAID na-achịkwa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview|url=https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF10261|accessdate=2026-05-05|work=www.congress.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 80% nke onyinye niile metụtara ịba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=kffadamw|date=2025-04-17|title=Analysis of USAID's Active and Terminated Awards List: How Many Are Global Health?|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/analysis-of-usaids-active-and-terminated-awards-list-how-many-are-global-health/|accessdate=2026-05-05|work=KFF|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụgụ ndị a siri ike inweta, mfu a na-enweta n'ego maka igbochi ịba nwere ike ịbụ ihe dịka ijeri dọla otu kwa afọ.

=== Mgbanwe ọdịbendị ===
Nnyocha e mere n'usoro nke ọmụmụ 39 e mere n'ofe ndịda Sahara Afrịka gosiri na ọtụtụ omenala nwere nkwenye dị adị nke megidere ikike ha ịnakwere ọgwụgwọ na atụmatụ mgbochi ịba. Karịsịa, ọtụtụ obodo ndị a nyochachara aghọtaghị nke ọma etu esi ebute ịba, ọtụtụ ndị gosikwara obi abụọ gbasara irè nke ọgwụ ọdịnala, gụnyere ọgwụ mgbochi. Ihe ndị ọzọ a kọrọ gụnyere omume ịkwụsị ọgwụgwọ ịba ozugbo ihe mgbaàmà ahụ kwụsịrị, na n'ebe ụfọdụ, nkwenye na ọgwụ nwere ike igbu ụmụaka ndị buterela ịba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Maslove|first=David M.|date=2009-10-25|title=Barriers to the effective treatment and prevention of malaria in Africa: A systematic review of qualitative studies|journal=BMC International Health and Human Rights|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1472-698X-9-26|issn=1472-698X|pmid=19852857}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbanyeghị, mgbalị e mere iji mee ka ihe ọmụma gbasara ịba dịkwuo mma site na Approaches to Community Engagement (ACE) emeela ka a mara ndị mmadụ n'ofe ndịda Sahara Africa. Nnyocha nke ọmụmụ 75 nke gụnyere mpaghara ahụ kwuru na n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, mgbalị ndị a na-eme iji gbochie ọrịa ịba emeela ka obodo mara nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Awasthi|first=Kiran Raj|date=February 2024|title=Community engagement approaches for malaria prevention, control and elimination: a scoping review|journal=BMJ Open|language=en|volume=14|issue=2|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081982|issn=2044-6055|pmid=38365295}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbalị ndị a na-amalitekarị site n'ịgwa ndị ndu obodo na ndị nkuzi ihe, mana nyocha ahụ na-ekwu na maka ihe ịga nke ọma ogologo oge, mmemme mba ga-arụkọkwa ọrụ na obodo ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ndị isi okpukperechi, ndị nwere mmasị onwe ha, na ndị ọchịchị obodo niile.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ịba bụ otu n'ime nje ndị kacha ochie a maara, ọ malitere inwe nnukwu mmetụta na ndụ mmadụ ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga site na mmalite ọrụ ugbo. E gosipụtala mmepe nke nje na nje ahụ site na iji maapụ genomic nke ihe nlele sitere n'oge a, na-egosi mpụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ebelata ohere nke ibute ọrịa ịba. Enwere ike ịchọta ebe e dere ihe gbasara ọrịa a n'akwụkwọ odide sitere [[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ|n'Ijipt oge ochie]], India na [[History of China|China]], nke na-egosi ebe o si gbasaa n'ókèala ya. A na-eche na ọgwụgwọ mbụ achọpụtara bụ quinine, otu n'ime alkaloid anọ sitere na ogbugbo osisi ''Cinchona'' . Na mbụ, ndị Ecuador na Peru ji ya agwọ ahụ ọkụ. Otu mọnk Augustine si Lima, Peru, ghọtara ma dekọọ ọrụ ya n'ịgwọ ọrịa ịba na 1633. Afọ asaa ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọgwụ ahụ erutela Yuropu ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dịka 'ntụ ntụ Jesuit'. Site n'oge a gaa n'ihu, ojiji Quinine na ọdịmma ọha na eze n'ịba ịba mụbara, ọ bụ ezie na a kpọghị ihe mejupụtara ya ma chọpụta ya dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ 1820. Ka ọ na-erule etiti afọ 1880, ndị Dutch akọọla nnukwu ubi osisi cinchona ma jiri aka ha mee ahịa ụwa.

Quinine ka bụ naanị ọgwụgwọ dị maka ịba ruo na mmalite afọ 1920. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị German mepụtara ihe mbụ e ji eme ọgwụ mgbochi ịba, Atabrine, nke Resochin na Sontochin sitere na ihe anọ nwere amino quinoline. Mgbe ha jidere Tunisia n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Amerịka zụtara ma gbanwee ọgwụ ndị ahụ iji mepụta chloroquine.

Mmepụta ọgwụ ọhụrụ e ji agwọ ịba kpaliri Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa n'afọ 1955 ịnwa mkpọsa ikpochapụ ịba n'ụwa niile. Nke a gara nke ọma n'ọtụtụ ebe na Brazil, Amerịka na Ijipt mana o mechara daa n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Mgbalị iji chịkwaa ịba ka na-aga n'ihu, ebe mmepe nke nje ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-eweta nsogbu siri ike karị.

CDC na-ebipụta aro ndụmọdụ maka ndi njem, na-akowa ihe ize ndụ nke mmadụ nwere ike ibụte ịba mgbe ọ na agba mba dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDCcountry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-2/malaria-risk-information-and-prophylaxis.aspx|title=Malaria Risk Information and Prophylaxis, by Country|first=Kathrine R.|author=Tan|year=2010|work=Travelers' Health - Yellow Book|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|accessdate=20 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  


Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-atụle mgbe a na-ekpebi ma a ga-eji ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbochi tupu ịba na-agụnye ụzọ a kapịrị ọnụ, ogologo njem, ọnụahịa ọgwụ, mmeghachi omume ọjọọ gara aga na ọgwụ mgbochi ịba, ihe na-adịghị anabata ọgwụ, na akụkọ ahụike onwe onye.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDCcountry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-2/malaria-risk-information-and-prophylaxis.aspx|title=Malaria Risk Information and Prophylaxis, by Country|first=Kathrine R.|author=Tan|year=2010|work=Travelers' Health - Yellow Book|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|accessdate=20 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Iba|Mgbochi ịba]]
* Nchịkwa anwụnta

== Edensibịa ==
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pablowhite44</username>
        <id>65239</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>E nwere ihe ụfọdụ m sụgharịrị</comment>
      <origin>701014</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36852" sha1="ps0paw41a9ybfrj3iegnbfiz23aod9t" xml:space="preserve">malaria|image=AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=''[[Anopheles gambiae]]'' mosquito|synonym=*Baggage malaria
* Iba akpa ngwongwo
*Iba akpa ngwongwo |pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|Mgbaàmà=[[Pyrexia of unknown origin|Unexplained fever]] associated with
* enweghị akụkọ mbu nke njem
* ịrụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ibi nso n'ọdụ ụgbọelu
*|ọnwa okpomọkụ n'obodo ndị na-ajụ oyicomplications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=*Infected mosquitoes on aircraft
* Mostly ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'' and less likely  ''[[Plasmodium vivax]]''|risks=|diagnosis=* [[Medical history|History-taking]]
* Blood test|differential=|prevention=*[[Aircraft disinsection]]
* [[Malaria#Prevention|Malaria prevention]]
* [[Mosquito control]]|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=Potentially fatal|frequency=Uncommon|deaths=}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:Infobox/styles-images.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''Ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu''', nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ '''akpa njem,'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''akpa  ngwongwo'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sabatinelli&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCVZhX2k-qMC&amp;pg=PT92|title=The Contextual Determinants of Malaria|author=Sabatinelli|first=Guido|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-891853-19-7|editor=Casman|language=en|chapter=6. Determinants of Malaria in WHO European Region}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ '''ịba''' '''n'akpa''',&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/RRA-Malaria-EU-revised-September-2017_0.pdf|title=Multiple reports of locally-acquired malaria infections in the EU|date=20 September 2017|work=[[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control]]|accessdate=10 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-eme mgbe anwụnta nwanyị Anopheles nke nwere ịba ji ụgbọelu na-aga site na mba ebe ịba na-adịkarị, bịarute mba ebe a na-anaghị ahụkarị ịba, ma taa mmadụ ahụ n'ebe dị nso na ọdụ ụgbọelu, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ihu igwe dị mma, na-eme njem n'ime akpa wee taa mmadụ ahụ n'ebe dị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Travelhealth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/52/malaria|title=NaTHNaC - Malaria|work=Travel Health Pro|language=en|accessdate=10 April 2019|archivedate=10 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410143657/https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/52/malaria}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye butere ọrịa ahụ na-enwekarị ahụ ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ hụghị akụkọ njem ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Airport malaria: a review|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=67|issue=6|pages=737–43|date=1989|pmid=2699278|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/264723/PMC2491318.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị enwekarị enyo na ọrịa ịba na-eme, nke na-ebute igbu oge n'ịchọpụta ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot; /&gt; A na-were ya dị ka nchọpụta mgbe ewepụchara nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara mgbaàmà.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|title=Malaria Transmission in the United States|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/us_transmission.html|work=www.cdc.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=19 July 2022|language=en-us|date=4 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719125248/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/us_transmission.html|archivedate=19 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ anwụnta nọ n'ụgbọelu anaghị ebu ọrịa ịba, ole na ole n'ime ha bụkwa ndị na-awakpo ahụ nke ọma. Ihu igwe nke mba ahụ na-anabata ndị ọbịa na-enyekwa nchebe ebumpụta ụwa. Nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ ahụ bụ otu ihe ahụ dịka nke ịba n'ozuzu ya. Mgbochi gụnyere ịchịkwa anwụnta n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na gburugburu ya na mba ndị a na-apụ na n'ụgbọelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha nke ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu abụrụla ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihe gbasara ọnọdụ dị iche iche, ihe niile pụrụ iche n'oge, ebe ọrịa na nsogbu dị, yana ohere nke mmejọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọrọ na mbụ ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu pụtara na 1969.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alenou2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alenou|first=Leo Dilane|title=Airport Malaria in Non-Endemic Areas: New Insights into Mosquito Vectors, Case Management and Major Challenges|journal=Microorganisms|date=16 October 2021|volume=9|issue=10|doi=10.3390/microorganisms9102160|pmid=34683481|issn=2076-2607}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmụba nke njem mba ụwa, na obere nje na-egbu ụgbọelu, o yikarịrị ka ọ bụ ya mere mmụba dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ikpe n'etiti 2010 na 2020 ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ iri gara aga na Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alenou2021&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
[[Faịlụ:Malaria_geographic_distribution_2003.png|thumb|Ịba na-ekesa n'ebe obibi 2003]]
[[Iba|Ọrịa ịba]] mmadụ sitere na mba 97, ọ bụkwa ọrịa kachasị gbasaa n'ụwa, ebe ọ bụ nde mmadụ 212 ọhụrụ butere ọrịa ahụ na 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ọ bụla merenụ n'èzí mba ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ ikpe ndị si mba ọzọ bịa ma ọ bụ nke a na-anaghị ahụkarị na ịba, enweghị akụkọ njem ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot; /&gt;

A na-akọwa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dịka ịba nke a na-enweta n'ọdụ ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ya site na nta nke anwụnta ''Anopheles'' nke na-efe efe site n'aka onye na-enweghị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anwụnta n'ebe obibi ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị ewere mbufe ịba n'ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ n'ebe a na-akwụsị n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dị ka ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje ịba na-esi n'ụgbọelu ndị mmadụ butere,&lt;ref name=&quot;Mier2007&quot; /&gt; ọrịa ịba na-esi n'ụgbọelu ebute nje ndị na-efe efe n'ime mba ọzọ site n'ịta anwụnta nwere nje ịba, nke a na-akpọkwa &quot;malaria&quot; n'ime mba ebe a na-ahụkarị nje ịba na mba ebe a na-anaghị ahụkarị nje ịba. Ọ na-eme n'ebe ọdụ ụgbọelu dị nso ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ naanị anwụnta ole na ole na-abanye n'ụgbọelu, n'ime ndị na-abanye, ihe na-erughị 5% nwere ike ibute ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mier2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mier-y-Teran-Romero|first=Luis|date=3 July 2017|title=Mosquitoes on a plane: Disinsection&lt;!--not a typo--&gt; will not stop the spread of vector-borne pathogens, a simulation study|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=11|issue=7|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005683|issn=1935-2727|pmid=28672006}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ụdị anọ dị iche iche nke nje protozoan ''Plasmodium''; ''Plasmodium falciparum'', ''Plasmodium malariae'', ''Plasmodium vivax'' na ''Plasmodium ovale'',&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOMalaria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/|title=International travel and health; Malaria|work=WHO|accessdate=12 April 2019|archivedate=10 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210054716/http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOTransmit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/10/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308214958/http://www.who.int/features/qa/10/en/|archivedate=March 8, 2005|title=Do all mosquitoes transmit malaria?|work=WHO|accessdate=12 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; malaria ọdụ ụgbọelu na-abụkarị falciparum na obere oge karịa ụdị vivax.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naanị anwụnta ''[[Anopheles]]'' nke nwanyị nwere ike ibufe ihe ndị a, nke na-atakarị n'etiti chi jiri na chi jiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOMalaria&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOTransmit&quot; /&gt;

=== Mgbasawanye nke ebe obibi anwụnta ===
Mgbukpọ ọhịa, na ọrụ ndị metụtara ụlọ, ọrụ ugbo na mmiri nwere ike ịgbasa ebe obibi anwụnta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartjes2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hartjes|first=Laurie B.|date=June 2011|title=Preventing and Detecting Malaria Infections|journal=The Nurse Practitioner|volume=36|issue=6|pages=45–53|doi=10.1097/01.NPR.0000397912.05693.20|issn=0361-1817|pmid=21572299}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpa akụ na ụba, ọdachi na esemokwu, amaara na ha na-emetụta mbata nke ndị mmadụ, nke nwekwara ike inye aka na njem anwụnta na ya mere ihe ize ndụ nke ịba. Enweghị ike iburu nke a n'uche emeela ka mgbalị ndị na-akụ afọ n'ala iji chịkwaa ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Okporo ụzọ ikuku na okpomọkụ ụwa ===
Site na mmụba nke ọnụọgụgụ ndị na-agafe n'ikuku, okpomọkụ ihu igwe na iru mmiri dị elu, oge okpomọkụ nke [[Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị jụụ|ihu igwe dị jụụ]] nwere ike ịdị mma maka anwụnta. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ amụba na Yuropu na mba Amerịka n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọnọdụ nwere ike ịdị mma maka ịlanarị anwụnta, nke nwere ike ibute mmụba nke ọrịa ọdụ ụgbọelu na ịba sitere na mba ọzọ. Anwụnta na-enweghị nje nke na-abịa site n'ụgbọelu nwekwara ike ịdị ndụ ogologo oge iji rie onye bu ọrịa ahụ, nke nwekwara ike ibute mbufe ịba na mba ndị na-abụghị nke ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ScienceDaily2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111183035.htm|title=Airport Malaria: Cause For Concern In U.S.|date=12 November 2008|work=ScienceDaily|language=en|accessdate=10 April 2019|archivedate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411211454/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111183035.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Osterholm2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4I2hDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT7|title=Deadliest Enemy: Our War Against Killer Germs|author=Osterholm|first=Michael T.|date=2017|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-34369-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụgbọelu, ụzọ ụgbọelu na ụgbọelu ===
[[Faịlụ:World-airport-map-2008.png|thumb|Nkesa ọdụ ụgbọ elu na 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://openflights.org/data.html|title=OpenFlights: Airport and airline data|work=openflights.org|accessdate=1 April 2020|archivedate=31 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331110123/https://openflights.org/data.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

==== Ọdụ Ụgbọelu ====
Ihe kacha enye nsogbu ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na Yuropu bụ site na ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti Afrịka. A hụla ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ n'ọdụ ụgbọelu ndị a dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Yuropu, ọkachasị ''Anopheles gambiae'' nke na-amụ nwa n'oge mmiri ozuzo Afrịka n'oge ọkọchị, mgbe ọnọdụ dị na Yuropu dị mma maka ịdị ndụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sabatinelli&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCVZhX2k-qMC&amp;pg=PT92|title=The Contextual Determinants of Malaria|author=Sabatinelli|first=Guido|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-891853-19-7|editor=Casman|language=en|chapter=6. Determinants of Malaria in WHO European Region}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe emepere ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ na ebe a na-ebu ibu, ndị ọrụ ala na-arụ ọrụ na ọdụ ụgbọelu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-emegharị ma na-emepe akpa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, ụlọ ahịa ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ozi na-ata ahụhụ site na ata anwụnta ndị gara n'ime akpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmụba nke ụzọ ikuku si Afrịka nwere ike ime ka ihe egwu nke ibute ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dịkwuo elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tatem2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tatem|first=Andrew J|date=14 July 2006|title=Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-57|issn=1475-2875|pmid=16842613}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ụgbọelu ====
[[Faịlụ:Luggage_compartments_Airbus.JPG|thumb|Ebe a na-etinye ibu n'ụgbọelu Airbus]]
A chọpụtala na anwụnta na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime ụlọ ndị nwere ọkụ karịa n'ime ụlọ ndị nwere ibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Enwere ike ịhapụ ikpe ndị dị obere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi enweghị akụkọ njem n'ahụ onye nwere ahụ ọkụ, a naghị atụ anya ịba nke ukwuu, nke na-ebute igbu oge n'ịchọpụta ọrịa ahụ. Tupu a chọpụta ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu, a ga-ewepụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si ebute ya gụnyere ịmịnye ọbara, agịga a na-ekerịta, ikpughe ya na mpaghara ndị a na-ahụkarị, na mbufe site n'aka anwụnta mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Airport malaria: a review|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=67|issue=6|pages=737–43|date=1989|pmid=2699278|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/264723/PMC2491318.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji akụkọ ihe mere eme eme chọrọ ozi gbasara ebe onye ahụ bi na ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, tinyere anya dị n'ebe ọdụ ụgbọelu dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrịa na-efe efe ==
Ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu adịghị adịkarị ụkọ&lt;ref name=&quot;Tatem2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tatem|first=Andrew J|date=14 July 2006|title=Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-57|issn=1475-2875|pmid=16842613}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a na-akọkarị ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa mgbe ụfọdụ&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nakwa n'oge ọkọchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị aghọta ya nke ọma dị ka ịba n'ime onye nwere akụkọ njem gaa ebe nwere ọrịa ịba na-efe efe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Airport malaria: a review|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=67|issue=6|pages=737–43|date=1989|pmid=2699278|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/264723/PMC2491318.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Europe ===
N'agbata afọ 1969 na 1999, Yuropu hụrụ ihe ruru mmadụ 89 na-arịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu. Ụgbọ elu ugboro ugboro site na Sub-Saharan Africa mere ka Belgium, France na Netherlands nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ kachasị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mba UK, a kọrọ na opekata mpe mmadụ iri na anọ nwere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu n'agbata afọ 1969 na 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkBLDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA507|title=Malaria: Global Status|author=Berger|first=Stephen|date=2018|publisher=GIDEON Informatics Inc|isbn=978-1-4988-2037-0|pages=505–507|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1983, ụgbọelu iri na abụọ n'ime iri isii na asaa si mba ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ na-efega n'ọdụ ụgbọelu Gatwick, London, nwere anwụnta. N'otu afọ ahụ, a kọrọ na ọrịa ịba falciparum dị n'ime mmadụ abụọ bi na 10 kilomita (6.2 mi) na 15 kilomita (9.3 mi) site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Gatwick.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chọpụtara na anwụnta butere ọrịa ahụ sooro ndị ọrụ ụgbọelu gaa n'ụlọ mmanya dị nso na Gatwick ma bute onye nwe ya ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lashley2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsaWlKQ4OjcC&amp;q=mosquito+flight+malaria+airport&amp;pg=PA377|title=Emerging Infectious Diseases: Trends and Issues, Second Edition|author=Lashley|first=Felissa R.|date=2007|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-0250-8|language=en|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkọ dị na ''BMJ'' nke [[Donald Whitfield]] dere si kwuo, a kọwakwara na otu anwụnta ahụ na-ezo onwe ya na-ebufekwa ịba nye otu nwanyị nke ji skuta ya na-agafe n'otu obodo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Uhlig2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1405681/Man-contracts-malaria-in-Britain.html|title=Man contracts malaria in Britain|author=Uhlig|first=Robert|date=28 August 2002|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=18 April 2019|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Whitfield1984&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whitfield|first=D|date=8 December 1984|title=Two cases of falciparum malaria acquired in Britain.|journal=British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=289|issue=6458|pages=1607–1609|issn=0267-0623|pmid=6439340|doi=10.1136/bmj.289.6458.1607}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na oke okpomọkụ na iru mmiri dị elu enyerela anwụnta anopheline butere ọrịa ahụ aka ịbanye n'obodo ahụ site n'ụgbọelu ma mee ka ha dị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;w509&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malaria|work=Amazonia Foundation|date=2008-06-23|url=https://www.amazoniafoundation.org/amazonia-foundation/2008/06/23/malaria|accessdate=2024-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ gbasara mgbasa ozi mere na ụgbọelu ahụ mere na UK n'afọ 1984 na 1990, naanị akụkọ ndị dị otu a gbasara ụgbọelu, nke mere ka a kpọọ ya &quot;ọkachamara nke ndị Britain&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot; /&gt; Na afọ 2002, otu akụkọ sitere na nso ọdụ ụgbọelu Heathrow.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2018&quot; /&gt;

Na mba Frans, ọtụtụ ụgbọelu ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na-erute n'ọdụ ụgbọelu Charles de Gaulle, Paris, ma ruo n'ókè dị nta na Marseille, Nice, [[Lyon]], Bordeaux na Toulouse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1994, a chọpụtara na mmadụ isii nwere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu Charles de Gaulle na gburugburu ya, mmadụ anọ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọelu, ebe ndị ọzọ bi 7.5 kilomita (4.7) mi) pụọ na Villeparisis. E chere na anwụnta ahụ na-eji ụgbọala ndị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọelu bi n'akụkụ mmadụ abụọ ahụ na-aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''P. falciparum'' kpatara ihe niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot; /&gt;

Na 1989, a chọpụtara mmadụ abụọ bi na Geneva na mba Itali nwere ọrịa ịba nke falciparum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anya dị anya site n'ọdụ ụgbọelu kacha nso mere ka otu nwanyị butere ọrịa ịba na Itali ghara inwe ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu ahụ. Otu anwụnta obodo (''[[Anopheles labranchiae]]'' ) tara otu nwa agbọghọ nwere ịba si India wee bufee ya. Ụdị a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mba Itali ruo mgbe e kwupụtara na mba ahụ enweghị ịba na 1970.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot; /&gt; A kọrọ na mmadụ ise nwere ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na Geneva n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot; /&gt;

Na mba Spen, n'afọ 1964 bụ oge e wepụrụ ọrịa ịba mgbe e mechara mmepe dị ọcha na akụ na ụba. Agbanyeghị, n'ime afọ iri ise sochirinụ, a kọrọ ihe karịrị ikpe iri nke ịba, nke 0.8% enweghị akụkọ njem ọhụrụ. A kọrọ na mmadụ abụọ nwere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu. N'afọ 1984, otu nwanyị dị afọ 76 nwụrụ site na ''P. falciparum'' mgbe ọ gara leta ndị ikwu ya na-erughị 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Madrid. A na-enyo na ọ nwere pneumonia, nchọpụta ahụ edoghị anya na mbụ. Na afọ 2001, a chọpụtara na nwanyị nke abụọ nwere ọrịa ahụ, gwọọ ya ma gbakee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mba ndị ọzọ ===
Enwebeghị akụkọ ọ bụla ekwenyesiri ike gbasara ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na mba Amerịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dye2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dye-Braumuller|first=Kyndall C.|title=Malaria in the USA: How Vulnerable Are We to Future Outbreaks?|journal=Current Tropical Medicine Reports|date=2021|volume=8|issue=1|pages=43–51|doi=10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z|pmid=33469475|issn=2196-3045}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, n'agbata afọ 1957 na 2003, e nwere mmadụ 156 a kọrọ na ha nwere ịba, ndị na-enweghị akụkọ njem ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartjes2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hartjes|first=Laurie B.|date=June 2011|title=Preventing and Detecting Malaria Infections|journal=The Nurse Practitioner|volume=36|issue=6|pages=45–53|doi=10.1097/01.NPR.0000397912.05693.20|issn=0361-1817|pmid=21572299}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ ọrịa ịba nke ọdụ ụgbọelu kpatara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartjes2008&quot; /&gt; Obere akụkọ gbasara ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu si Florida bịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Welsby2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Welsby|first=P. D.|date=1 November 2004|title=Malaria in the UK: past, present, and future|url=|journal=[[Postgraduate Medical Journal]]|language=en|volume=80|issue=949|pages=663–666|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2004.021857|issn=0032-5473|pmid=15537852}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọrọ akụkọ ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na mbụ na mba Australia n'afọ 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whelan2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whelan|first=Peter|date=27 September 2012|title=Evidence in Australia for a Case of Airport Dengue|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=6|issue=9|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001619|issn=1935-2727|pmid=23029566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkin1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jenkin|first=G. A.|date=1997-03-17|title=Airport malaria in Cairns|journal=[[The Medical Journal of Australia]]|volume=166|issue=6|pages=307–308|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb122319.x|issn=0025-729X|pmid=9087188}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbochi ==
Iwu Ahụike Mba Nile nke WHO na-enye nduzi maka mgbochi ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu. Mmemme njikwa anwụnta na-akwadokwa usoro maka ụgbọelu si ebe ndị a na-anaghị ahụ anya na ọdụ ụgbọelu ndị na-abata, gụnyere 400 metres (1,300 ft) nke mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A gosila na iwepụ ụgbọelu n'oge a na-eme ya na-ebelata anwụnta n'ụgbọelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tatem2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tatem|first=Andrew J|date=14 July 2006|title=Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-57|issn=1475-2875|pmid=16842613}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pụkwara ịgbasa ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ala. Agbanyeghị, usoro ndị a adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma ha dịgasị iche iche site n'otu mba gaa na nke ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ anwụnta nọ n'ụgbọelu anaghị ebu ịba. Ole na ole ndị na-eme ya bụ ndị mwakpo na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Tinyere nke ahụ, a na-enye nchebe ọzọ sitere n'okike site na mmachi nke ihu igwe mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tụpụtala ndepụta ọdụ ụgbọelu ndị nwere ihe egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu mba ụwa gbasara ịdị ọcha chọrọ ka ọdụ ụgbọelu na ókèala ya dị 400 m (1,300) ft) gburugburu ọdụ ụgbọelu ka a ghara inwe anwụnta Aedes aegypti na Anopheles. Agbanyeghị, ojiji nke ọgwụ nje dị iche iche site na mba ruo mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot; /&gt;

A naghị ewere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dị ka nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze dị oke njọ mana ọ na-egbu mmadụ nke ukwuu ma na-akpata nnukwu ihe iyi egwu n'ógbè ahụ. Achọpụtaghị nke ọma, ọnụọgụ ọnwụ sitere na 16.9% ruo 26%, ebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkọ niile bụ ụdị falciparum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E nwere akụkọ sitere na mbido afọ 1925 na ọrịa dịka ọgbụgbọ, ọrịa na-efe efe, ọrịa kịtịkpa, ụkwara nta, ịba, ahụ ọkụ odo na ịba nwere ike ịgafe mba dị iche iche n'ime obere oge n'ụgbọelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whittington1939&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whittingham|first=H. E.|date=March 1939|title=Preventive Medicine in Relation to Aviation|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine]]|volume=32|issue=5|pages=455–472|issn=0035-9157|pmid=19991846|doi=10.1177/003591573903200533}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dabere na Nkwekọrịta Mba Nile Maka Ịnyagharị Ụgbọelu (1933) (Hague), nke malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 1935 iji chebe obodo megide ọrịa ndị ụgbọelu ga-ebubata,&lt;ref name=&quot;ICAO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/icao_and_the_world_health_organization.htm|title=The Postal History of ICAO|work=www.icao.int|accessdate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411205958/https://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/icao_and_the_world_health_organization.htm|archivedate=11 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndị nchịkwa njikwa ahụike ụgbọelu, nke Office International d'Hygiène Publique, Paris, na-elekọta, nwere ike itinye usoro ndị a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha maka ebumnuche a, mana ha hapụrụ ngwa ha n'ezie na mba ọ bụla metụtara. &quot;The Health Organization of the League of Nations&quot; nyere ozi gbasara nlekota ọrịa, a na-ebipụtakwa ma na-ekesa mmelite mgbe niile. Ọchịchị dị iche iche wepụtara iwu nke ha dịka o kwesịrị. Iji gbochie mbubata ọrịa ndị na-efe efe site na mba ofesi na United Kingdom, Ministri nke Ahụike nyere Iwu Ahụike Ọha (Ụgbọelu) nke 1938. Ihe ndị o mere gụnyere &quot;igbupụ ụgbọelu n'ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'okpuru ala iji gbochie ịba odo na anwụnta ndị nwere ịba ịbanye n'ime obodo ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whittington1939&quot; /&gt;

Na 1928, akụkọ mbụ gbasara ụmụ ahụhụ nọ n'ụgbọelu sitere n'aka onye na-enyocha nchekwa nke Graf Zeppelin nke a na-amaghị ama mgbe ọ bịarutere United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara dekọọ ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na 1969.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruo afọ 1970, ọrịa ịba jupụtara na Yuropu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/new-map-shows-presence-anopheles-maculipennis-sl-mosquitoes-europe|title=New map shows the presence of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes in Europe|date=12 September 2018|work=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|language=en|accessdate=11 April 2019|archivedate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411222059/https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/new-map-shows-presence-anopheles-maculipennis-sl-mosquitoes-europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntuziaka nyocha ==
Nleba anya na ọrịa na-efe efe na ọrịa ndị metụtara anụ ahụ na ihe ndị metụtara ya chọrọ nlebara anya, dịka mmezi na ebe obibi iji gbochie mmegharị mmadụ, ịmara njikọ dị n'etiti anwụnta na ịba, na mgbakwunye na nlekọta ahụike zuru oke na njikwa nke obodo ukwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu nwere ike ibute ọrịa ịba n'ógbè ahụ . Mba UK nwere ụdị anwụnta ''anopheline'' ise, nke naanị ''Anopheles atroparvus'' na-amụ nwa dị nso na ụmụ mmadụ ma nwee ọnụọgụgụ zuru oke iji rụọ ọrụ dị irè maka ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Welsby2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Welsby|first=P. D.|date=1 November 2004|title=Malaria in the UK: past, present, and future|url=|journal=[[Postgraduate Medical Journal]]|language=en|volume=80|issue=949|pages=663–666|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2004.021857|issn=0032-5473|pmid=15537852}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze ga-ebilite ma ọ bụrụ na anwụnta ndị bu ọrịa ebutee nje ahụ site n'aka anwụnta obodo, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na nje ahụ amaliteghachi n'ebe ọrịa ahụ dịbu ma kpochapụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
 {{Medical resources|ICD10={{ICD10|B50}}, {{ICD10|B51}}, {{ICD10|B52}}, {{ICD10|B53}}, {{ICD10|B54}}|ICD10CM=&lt;!--{{ICD10CM|Xxx.xxxx}}--&gt;|ICD9=&lt;!--{{ICD9|xxx}}--&gt;|ICDO=|OMIM=|DiseasesDB=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|MeshID=|GeneReviewsNBK=|GeneReviewsName=|NORD=|GARDNum=|GARDName=|Orphanet=|AO=|RP=|WO=|OrthoInfo=|NCI=|Scholia=|SNOMED CT=}}
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      <text bytes="36802" sha1="frkbs340knz2pbjup6ck01tpa1govmi" xml:space="preserve">malaria|image=AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=''[[Anopheles gambiae]]'' mosquito|synonym=*Baggage malaria
* Iba akpa ngwongwo
*Iba akpa ngwongwo |pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|Mgbaàmà=[[Pyrexia of unknown origin|Unexplained fever]] associated with
* enweghị akụkọ mbu nke njem
* ịrụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ibi nso n'ọdụ ụgbọelu
*|ọnwa okpomọkụ n'obodo ndị na-ajụ oyicomplications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=*Infected mosquitoes on aircraft
* Mostly ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'' and less likely  ''[[Plasmodium vivax]]''|risks=|diagnosis=* [[Medical history|History-taking]]
* Blood test|differential=|prevention=*[[Aircraft disinsection]]
* [[Malaria#Prevention|Malaria prevention]]
* [[Mosquito control]]|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=Potentially fatal|frequency=Uncommon|deaths=}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:Infobox/styles-images.css&quot; /&gt;'''Orịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu''', nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ '''akpa njem,'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''akpa  ngwongwo'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sabatinelli&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCVZhX2k-qMC&amp;pg=PT92|title=The Contextual Determinants of Malaria|author=Sabatinelli|first=Guido|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-891853-19-7|editor=Casman|language=en|chapter=6. Determinants of Malaria in WHO European Region}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ '''ịba''' '''n'akpa''',&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/RRA-Malaria-EU-revised-September-2017_0.pdf|title=Multiple reports of locally-acquired malaria infections in the EU|date=20 September 2017|work=[[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control]]|accessdate=10 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-eme mgbe anwụnta nwanyị Anopheles nke nwere ịba ji ụgbọelu na-aga site na mba ebe ịba na-adịkarị, bịarute mba ebe a na-anaghị ahụkarị ịba, ma taa mmadụ ahụ n'ebe dị nso na ọdụ ụgbọelu, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ihu igwe dị mma, na-eme njem n'ime akpa wee taa mmadụ ahụ n'ebe dị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Travelhealth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/52/malaria|title=NaTHNaC - Malaria|work=Travel Health Pro|language=en|accessdate=10 April 2019|archivedate=10 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410143657/https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/52/malaria}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye butere ọrịa ahụ na-enwekarị ahụ ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ hụghị akụkọ njem ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Airport malaria: a review|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=67|issue=6|pages=737–43|date=1989|pmid=2699278|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/264723/PMC2491318.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị enwekarị enyo na ọrịa ịba na-eme, nke na-ebute igbu oge n'ịchọpụta ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot; /&gt; A na-were ya dị ka nchọpụta mgbe ewepụchara nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara mgbaàmà.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|title=Malaria Transmission in the United States|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/us_transmission.html|work=www.cdc.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=19 July 2022|language=en-us|date=4 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719125248/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/us_transmission.html|archivedate=19 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ anwụnta nọ n'ụgbọelu anaghị ebu ọrịa ịba, ole na ole n'ime ha bụkwa ndị na-awakpo ahụ nke ọma. Ihu igwe nke mba ahụ na-anabata ndị ọbịa na-enyekwa nchebe ebumpụta ụwa. Nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ ahụ bụ otu ihe ahụ dịka nke ịba n'ozuzu ya. Mgbochi gụnyere ịchịkwa anwụnta n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na gburugburu ya na mba ndị a na-apụ na n'ụgbọelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha nke ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu abụrụla ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihe gbasara ọnọdụ dị iche iche, ihe niile pụrụ iche n'oge, ebe ọrịa na nsogbu dị, yana ohere nke mmejọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọrọ na mbụ ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu pụtara na 1969.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alenou2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alenou|first=Leo Dilane|title=Airport Malaria in Non-Endemic Areas: New Insights into Mosquito Vectors, Case Management and Major Challenges|journal=Microorganisms|date=16 October 2021|volume=9|issue=10|doi=10.3390/microorganisms9102160|pmid=34683481|issn=2076-2607}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmụba nke njem mba ụwa, na obere nje na-egbu ụgbọelu, o yikarịrị ka ọ bụ ya mere mmụba dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ikpe n'etiti 2010 na 2020 ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ iri gara aga na Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alenou2021&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
[[Faịlụ:Malaria_geographic_distribution_2003.png|thumb|Ịba na-ekesa n'ebe obibi 2003]]
[[Iba|Ọrịa ịba]] mmadụ sitere na mba 97, ọ bụkwa ọrịa kachasị gbasaa n'ụwa, ebe ọ bụ nde mmadụ 212 ọhụrụ butere ọrịa ahụ na 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ọ bụla merenụ n'èzí mba ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ ikpe ndị si mba ọzọ bịa ma ọ bụ nke a na-anaghị ahụkarị na ịba, enweghị akụkọ njem ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot; /&gt;

A na-akọwa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dịka ịba nke a na-enweta n'ọdụ ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ya site na nta nke anwụnta ''Anopheles'' nke na-efe efe site n'aka onye na-enweghị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anwụnta n'ebe obibi ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị ewere mbufe ịba n'ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ n'ebe a na-akwụsị n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dị ka ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje ịba na-esi n'ụgbọelu ndị mmadụ butere,&lt;ref name=&quot;Mier2007&quot; /&gt; ọrịa ịba na-esi n'ụgbọelu ebute nje ndị na-efe efe n'ime mba ọzọ site n'ịta anwụnta nwere nje ịba, nke a na-akpọkwa &quot;malaria&quot; n'ime mba ebe a na-ahụkarị nje ịba na mba ebe a na-anaghị ahụkarị nje ịba. Ọ na-eme n'ebe ọdụ ụgbọelu dị nso ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ naanị anwụnta ole na ole na-abanye n'ụgbọelu, n'ime ndị na-abanye, ihe na-erughị 5% nwere ike ibute ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mier2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mier-y-Teran-Romero|first=Luis|date=3 July 2017|title=Mosquitoes on a plane: Disinsection&lt;!--not a typo--&gt; will not stop the spread of vector-borne pathogens, a simulation study|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=11|issue=7|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005683|issn=1935-2727|pmid=28672006}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ụdị anọ dị iche iche nke nje protozoan ''Plasmodium''; ''Plasmodium falciparum'', ''Plasmodium malariae'', ''Plasmodium vivax'' na ''Plasmodium ovale'',&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOMalaria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/|title=International travel and health; Malaria|work=WHO|accessdate=12 April 2019|archivedate=10 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210054716/http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOTransmit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/10/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308214958/http://www.who.int/features/qa/10/en/|archivedate=March 8, 2005|title=Do all mosquitoes transmit malaria?|work=WHO|accessdate=12 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; malaria ọdụ ụgbọelu na-abụkarị falciparum na obere oge karịa ụdị vivax.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naanị anwụnta ''[[Anopheles]]'' nke nwanyị nwere ike ibufe ihe ndị a, nke na-atakarị n'etiti chi jiri na chi jiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOMalaria&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOTransmit&quot; /&gt;

=== Mgbasawanye nke ebe obibi anwụnta ===
Mgbukpọ ọhịa, na ọrụ ndị metụtara ụlọ, ọrụ ugbo na mmiri nwere ike ịgbasa ebe obibi anwụnta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartjes2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hartjes|first=Laurie B.|date=June 2011|title=Preventing and Detecting Malaria Infections|journal=The Nurse Practitioner|volume=36|issue=6|pages=45–53|doi=10.1097/01.NPR.0000397912.05693.20|issn=0361-1817|pmid=21572299}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpa akụ na ụbOdachi na esemokwu, amaara na ha na-emetụta mbata nke ndị mmadụ, nke nwekwara ike inye aka na njem anwụnta na ya mere ihe ize ndụ nke ịba. Enweghị ike iburu nke a n'uche emeela ka mgbalị ndị na-akụ afọ n'ala iji chịkwaa ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Okporo ụzọ ikuku na okpomọkụ ụwa ===
Site na mmụba nke ọnụọgụgụ ndị na-agafe n'ikuku, okpomọkụ ihu igwe na iru mmiri dị elu, oge okpomọkụ nke [[Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị jụụ|ihu igwe dị jụụ]] nwere ike ịdị mma maka anwụnta. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ amụba na Yuropu na mba Amerịka n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọnọdụ nwere ike ịdị mma maka ịlanarị anwụnta, nke nwere ike ibute mmụba nke ọrịa ọdụ ụgbọelu na ịba sitere na mba ọzọ. Anwụnta na-enweghị nje nke na-abịa site n'ụgbọelu nwekwara ike ịdị ndụ ogologo oge iji rie onye bu ọrịa ahụ, nke nwekwara ike ibute mbufe ịba na mba ndị na-abụghị nke ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ScienceDaily2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111183035.htm|title=Airport Malaria: Cause For Concern In U.S.|date=12 November 2008|work=ScienceDaily|language=en|accessdate=10 April 2019|archivedate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411211454/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111183035.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Osterholm2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4I2hDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT7|title=Deadliest Enemy: Our War Against Killer Germs|author=Osterholm|first=Michael T.|date=2017|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-34369-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụgbọelu, ụzọ ụgbọelu na ụgbọelu ===
[[Faịlụ:World-airport-map-2008.png|thumb|Nkesa ọdụ ụgbọ elu na 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://openflights.org/data.html|title=OpenFlights: Airport and airline data|work=openflights.org|accessdate=1 April 2020|archivedate=31 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331110123/https://openflights.org/data.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

==== Ọdụ Ụgbọelu ====
Ihe kacha enye nsogbu ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na Yuropu bụ site na ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti Afrịka. A hụla ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ n'ọdụ ụgbọelu ndị a dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Yuropu, ọkachasị ''Anopheles gambiae'' nke na-amụ nwa n'oge mmiri ozuzo Afrịka n'oge ọkọchị, mgbe ọnọdụ dị na Yuropu dị mma maka ịdị ndụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sabatinelli&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCVZhX2k-qMC&amp;pg=PT92|title=The Contextual Determinants of Malaria|author=Sabatinelli|first=Guido|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-891853-19-7|editor=Casman|language=en|chapter=6. Determinants of Malaria in WHO European Region}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe emepere ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ na ebe a na-ebu ibu, ndị ọrụ ala na-arụ ọrụ na ọdụ ụgbọelu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-emegharị ma na-emepe akpa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, ụlọ ahịa ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ozi na-ata ahụhụ site na ata anwụnta ndị gara n'ime akpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmụba nke ụzọ ikuku si Afrịka nwere ike ime ka ihe egwu nke ibute ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dịkwuo elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tatem2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tatem|first=Andrew J|date=14 July 2006|title=Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-57|issn=1475-2875|pmid=16842613}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ụgbọelu ====
[[Faịlụ:Luggage_compartments_Airbus.JPG|thumb|Ebe a na-etinye ibu n'ụgbọelu Airbus]]
A chọpụtala na anwụnta na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime ụlọ ndị nwere ọkụ karịa n'ime ụlọ ndị nwere ibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Enwere ike ịhapụ ikpe ndị dị obere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi enweghị akụkọ njem n'ahụ onye nwere ahụ ọkụ, a naghị atụ anya ịba nke ukwuu, nke na-ebute igbu oge n'ịchọpụta ọrịa ahụ. Tupu a chọpụta ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu, a ga-ewepụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si ebute ya gụnyere ịmịnye ọbara, agịga a na-ekerịta, ikpughe ya na mpaghara ndị a na-ahụkarị, na mbufe site n'aka anwụnta mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Airport malaria: a review|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=67|issue=6|pages=737–43|date=1989|pmid=2699278|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/264723/PMC2491318.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji akụkọ ihe mere eme eme chọrọ ozi gbasara ebe onye ahụ bi na ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, tinyere anya dị n'ebe ọdụ ụgbọelu dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrịa na-efe efe ==
Ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu adịghị adịkarị ụkọ&lt;ref name=&quot;Tatem2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tatem|first=Andrew J|date=14 July 2006|title=Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-57|issn=1475-2875|pmid=16842613}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a na-akọkarị ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa mgbe ụfọdụ&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nakwa n'oge ọkọchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naghị aghọta ya nke ọma dị ka ịba n'ime onye nwere akụkọ njem gaa ebe nwere ọrịa ịba na-efe efe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaäcson1989&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Airport malaria: a review|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=67|issue=6|pages=737–43|date=1989|pmid=2699278|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/264723/PMC2491318.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Europe ===
N'agbata afọ 1969 na 1999, Yuropu hụrụ ihe ruru mmadụ 89 na-arịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu. Ụgbọ elu ugboro ugboro site na Sub-Saharan Africa mere ka Belgium, France na Netherlands nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ kachasị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mba UK, a kọrọ na opekata mpe mmadụ iri na anọ nwere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu n'agbata afọ 1969 na 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkBLDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA507|title=Malaria: Global Status|author=Berger|first=Stephen|date=2018|publisher=GIDEON Informatics Inc|isbn=978-1-4988-2037-0|pages=505–507|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1983, ụgbọelu iri na abụọ n'ime iri isii na asaa si mba ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ na-efega n'ọdụ ụgbọelu Gatwick, London, nwere anwụnta. N'otu afọ ahụ, a kọrọ na ọrịa ịba falciparum dị n'ime mmadụ abụọ bi na 10 kilomita (6.2 mi) na 15 kilomita (9.3 mi) site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Gatwick.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chọpụtara na anwụnta butere ọrịa ahụ sooro ndị ọrụ ụgbọelu gaa n'ụlọ mmanya dị nso na Gatwick ma bute onye nwe ya ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lashley2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsaWlKQ4OjcC&amp;q=mosquito+flight+malaria+airport&amp;pg=PA377|title=Emerging Infectious Diseases: Trends and Issues, Second Edition|author=Lashley|first=Felissa R.|date=2007|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-0250-8|language=en|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkọ dị na ''BMJ'' nke [[Donald Whitfield]] dere si kwuo, a kọwakwara na otu anwụnta ahụ na-ezo onwe ya na-ebufekwa ịba nye otu nwanyị nke ji skuta ya na-agafe n'otu obodo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Uhlig2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1405681/Man-contracts-malaria-in-Britain.html|title=Man contracts malaria in Britain|author=Uhlig|first=Robert|date=28 August 2002|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=18 April 2019|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Whitfield1984&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whitfield|first=D|date=8 December 1984|title=Two cases of falciparum malaria acquired in Britain.|journal=British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=289|issue=6458|pages=1607–1609|issn=0267-0623|pmid=6439340|doi=10.1136/bmj.289.6458.1607}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na oke okpomọkụ na iru mmiri dị elu enyerela anwụnta anopheline butere ọrịa ahụ aka ịbanye n'obodo ahụ site n'ụgbọelu ma mee ka ha dị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;w509&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malaria|work=Amazonia Foundation|date=2008-06-23|url=https://www.amazoniafoundation.org/amazonia-foundation/2008/06/23/malaria|accessdate=2024-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ gbasara mgbasa ozi mere na ụgbọelu ahụ mere na UK n'afọ 1984 na 1990, naanị akụkọ ndị dị otu a gbasara ụgbọelu, nke mere ka a kpọọ ya &quot;ọkachamara nke ndị Britain&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot; /&gt; Na afọ 2002, otu akụkọ sitere na nso ọdụ ụgbọelu Heathrow.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2018&quot; /&gt;

Na mba Frans, ọtụtụ ụgbọelu ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na-erute n'ọdụ ụgbọelu Charles de Gaulle, Paris, ma ruo n'ókè dị nta na Marseille, Nice, [[Lyon]], Bordeaux na Toulouse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1994, a chọpụtara na mmadụ isii nwere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu Charles de Gaulle na gburugburu ya, mmadụ anọ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọelu, ebe ndị ọzọ bi 7.5 kilomita (4.7) mi) pụọ na Villeparisis. E chere na anwụnta ahụ na-eji ụgbọala ndị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọelu bi n'akụkụ mmadụ abụọ ahụ na-aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''P. falciparum'' kpatara ihe niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot; /&gt;

Na 1989, a chọpụtara mmadụ abụọ bi na Geneva na mba Itali nwere ọrịa ịba nke falciparum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anya dị anya site n'ọdụ ụgbọelu kacha nso mere ka otu nwanyị butere ọrịa ịba na Itali ghara inwe ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu ahụ. Otu anwụnta obodo (''[[Anopheles labranchiae]]'' ) tara otu nwa agbọghọ nwere ịba si India wee bufee ya. Ụdị a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mba Itali ruo mgbe e kwupụtara na mba ahụ enweghị ịba na 1970.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot; /&gt; A kọrọ na mmadụ ise nwere ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na Geneva n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot; /&gt;

Na mba Spen, n'afọ 1964 bụ oge e wepụrụ ọrịa ịba mgbe e mechara mmepe dị ọcha na akụ na ụba. Agbanyeghị, n'ime afọ iri ise sochirinụ, a kọrọ ihe karịrị ikpe iri nke ịba, nke 0.8% enweghị akụkọ njem ọhụrụ. A kọrọ na mmadụ abụọ nwere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu. N'afọ 1984, otu nwanyị dị afọ 76 nwụrụ site na ''P. falciparum'' mgbe ọ gara leta ndị ikwu ya na-erughị 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Madrid. A na-enyo na ọ nwere pneumonia, nchọpụta ahụ edoghị anya na mbụ. Na afọ 2001, a chọpụtara na nwanyị nke abụọ nwere ọrịa ahụ, gwọọ ya ma gbakee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mba ndị ọzọ ===
Enwebeghị akụkọ ọ bụla ekwenyesiri ike gbasara ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na mba Amerịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dye2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dye-Braumuller|first=Kyndall C.|title=Malaria in the USA: How Vulnerable Are We to Future Outbreaks?|journal=Current Tropical Medicine Reports|date=2021|volume=8|issue=1|pages=43–51|doi=10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z|pmid=33469475|issn=2196-3045}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, n'agbata afọ 1957 na 2003, e nwere mmadụ 156 a kọrọ na ha nwere ịba, ndị na-enweghị akụkọ njem ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartjes2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hartjes|first=Laurie B.|date=June 2011|title=Preventing and Detecting Malaria Infections|journal=The Nurse Practitioner|volume=36|issue=6|pages=45–53|doi=10.1097/01.NPR.0000397912.05693.20|issn=0361-1817|pmid=21572299}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ ọrịa ịba nke ọdụ ụgbọelu kpatara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartjes2008&quot; /&gt; Obere akụkọ gbasara ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu si Florida bịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Welsby2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Welsby|first=P. D.|date=1 November 2004|title=Malaria in the UK: past, present, and future|url=|journal=[[Postgraduate Medical Journal]]|language=en|volume=80|issue=949|pages=663–666|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2004.021857|issn=0032-5473|pmid=15537852}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọrọ akụkọ ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na mbụ na mba Australia n'afọ 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whelan2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whelan|first=Peter|date=27 September 2012|title=Evidence in Australia for a Case of Airport Dengue|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=6|issue=9|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001619|issn=1935-2727|pmid=23029566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkin1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jenkin|first=G. A.|date=1997-03-17|title=Airport malaria in Cairns|journal=[[The Medical Journal of Australia]]|volume=166|issue=6|pages=307–308|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb122319.x|issn=0025-729X|pmid=9087188}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbochi ==
Iwu Ahụike Mba Nile nke WHO na-enye nduzi maka mgbochi ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu. Mmemme njikwa anwụnta na-akwadokwa usoro maka ụgbọelu si ebe ndị a na-anaghị ahụ anya na ọdụ ụgbọelu ndị na-abata, gụnyere 400 metres (1,300 ft) nke mpaghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A gosila na iwepụ ụgbọelu n'oge a na-eme ya na-ebelata anwụnta n'ụgbọelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tatem2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tatem|first=Andrew J|date=14 July 2006|title=Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-57|issn=1475-2875|pmid=16842613}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pụkwara ịgbasa ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ala. Agbanyeghị, usoro ndị a adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma ha dịgasị iche iche site n'otu mba gaa na nke ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ anwụnta nọ n'ụgbọelu anaghị ebu ịba. Ole na ole ndị na-eme ya bụ ndị mwakpo na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Tinyere nke ahụ, a na-enye nchebe ọzọ sitere n'okike site na mmachi nke ihu igwe mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambrechts2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq5uc8O5pDQC&amp;q=airport+malaria&amp;pg=PA445|title=Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions|author=Lambrechts|first=Loius|date=2011|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26421-2|editor=Simberloff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tụpụtala ndepụta ọdụ ụgbọelu ndị nwere ihe egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu mba ụwa gbasara ịdị ọcha chọrọ ka ọdụ ụgbọelu na ókèala ya dị 400 m (1,300) ft) gburugburu ọdụ ụgbọelu ka a ghara inwe anwụnta Aedes aegypti na Anopheles. Agbanyeghị, ojiji nke ọgwụ nje dị iche iche site na mba ruo mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot; /&gt;

A naghị ewere ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dị ka nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze dị oke njọ mana ọ na-egbu mmadụ nke ukwuu ma na-akpata nnukwu ihe iyi egwu n'ógbè ahụ. Achọpụtaghị nke ọma, ọnụọgụ ọnwụ sitere na 16.9% ruo 26%, ebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkọ niile bụ ụdị falciparum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maguin2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk0JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=malaria+paris+airport&amp;pg=PA333|title=Biodiversity of Malaria in the world|author=Sylvie|first=Manguin|date=2008|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0616-8|pages=334–336|language=en|chapter=Airport malaria|accessdate=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E nwere akụkọ sitere na mbido afọ 1925 na ọrịa dịka ọgbụgbọ, ọrịa na-efe efe, ọrịa kịtịkpa, ụkwara nta, ịba, ahụ ọkụ odo na ịba nwere ike ịgafe mba dị iche iche n'ime obere oge n'ụgbọelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whittington1939&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whittingham|first=H. E.|date=March 1939|title=Preventive Medicine in Relation to Aviation|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine]]|volume=32|issue=5|pages=455–472|issn=0035-9157|pmid=19991846|doi=10.1177/003591573903200533}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dabere na Nkwekọrịta Mba Nile Maka Ịnyagharị Ụgbọelu (1933) (Hague), nke malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 1935 iji chebe obodo megide ọrịa ndị ụgbọelu ga-ebubata,&lt;ref name=&quot;ICAO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/icao_and_the_world_health_organization.htm|title=The Postal History of ICAO|work=www.icao.int|accessdate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411205958/https://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/icao_and_the_world_health_organization.htm|archivedate=11 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndị nchịkwa njikwa ahụike ụgbọelu, nke Office International d'Hygiène Publique, Paris, na-elekọta, nwere ike itinye usoro ndị a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha maka ebumnuche a, mana ha hapụrụ ngwa ha n'ezie na mba ọ bụla metụtara. &quot;The Health Organization of the League of Nations&quot; nyere ozi gbasara nlekota ọrịa, a na-ebipụtakwa ma na-ekesa mmelite mgbe niile. Ọchịchị dị iche iche wepụtara iwu nke ha dịka o kwesịrị. Iji gbochie mbubata ọrịa ndị na-efe efe site na mba ofesi na United Kingdom, Ministri nke Ahụike nyere Iwu Ahụike Ọha (Ụgbọelu) nke 1938. Ihe ndị o mere gụnyere &quot;igbupụ ụgbọelu n'ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'okpuru ala iji gbochie ịba odo na anwụnta ndị nwere ịba ịbanye n'ime obodo ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whittington1939&quot; /&gt;

Na 1928, akụkọ mbụ gbasara ụmụ ahụhụ nọ n'ụgbọelu sitere n'aka onye na-enyocha nchekwa nke Graf Zeppelin nke a na-amaghị ama mgbe ọ bịarutere United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara dekọọ ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu na 1969.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guillet1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1998|title=Origin and prevention of airport malaria in France|journal=[[Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health (journal)|Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health]]|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=700–705|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00296.x|pmid=9754664|issn=1365-3156}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruo afọ 1970, ọrịa ịba jupụtara na Yuropu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/new-map-shows-presence-anopheles-maculipennis-sl-mosquitoes-europe|title=New map shows the presence of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes in Europe|date=12 September 2018|work=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|language=en|accessdate=11 April 2019|archivedate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411222059/https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/new-map-shows-presence-anopheles-maculipennis-sl-mosquitoes-europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntuziaka nyocha ==
Nleba anya na ọrịa na-efe efe na ọrịa ndị metụtara anụ ahụ na ihe ndị metụtara ya chọrọ nlebara anya, dịka mmezi na ebe obibi iji gbochie mmegharị mmadụ, ịmara njikọ dị n'etiti anwụnta na ịba, na mgbakwunye na nlekọta ahụike zuru oke na njikwa nke obodo ukwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Velasco2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Non-imported malaria in non-endemic countries: a review of cases in Spain|journal=[[Malaria Journal]]|volume=16|issue=1|date=June 2017|pmid=28662650|doi=10.1186/s12936-017-1915-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Martens2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=6|issue=2|pages=103–9|date=2000|pmid=10756143|doi=10.3201/eid0602.000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrịa ịba n'ọdụ ụgbọelu nwere ike ibute ọrịa ịba n'ógbè ahụ . Mba UK nwere ụdị anwụnta ''anopheline'' ise, nke naanị ''Anopheles atroparvus'' na-amụ nwa dị nso na ụmụ mmadụ ma nwee ọnụọgụgụ zuru oke iji rụọ ọrụ dị irè maka ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Welsby2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Welsby|first=P. D.|date=1 November 2004|title=Malaria in the UK: past, present, and future|url=|journal=[[Postgraduate Medical Journal]]|language=en|volume=80|issue=949|pages=663–666|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2004.021857|issn=0032-5473|pmid=15537852}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze ga-ebilite ma ọ bụrụ na anwụnta ndị bu ọrịa ebutee nje ahụ site n'aka anwụnta obodo, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na nje ahụ amaliteghachi n'ebe ọrịa ahụ dịbu ma kpochapụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gratz2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gratz|first=N. G.|date=2000|title=Why aircraft disinsection?&lt;!--not a typo!--&gt;|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=78|issue=8|pages=995–1004|issn=0042-9686|pmid=10994283}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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'''Amal Aden''' (onye a mụrụ n'afọ 1983) bụ aha njirimara nke onye edemede Somalia-Norwegian. Ọ bụ onye edemede, onye nkuzi na onye na-akwado ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na-enwe mmasị n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị ibe ha nọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20130703/death-threats-for-lesbian-somali-norwegian-activist-pride-lgbt-rainbow|title=Death threats for lesbian Somali-Norwegian|author=Törnkvist|first=Ann|date=3 July 2013|work=The Local}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aden bụ onye nnọchi anya Norwegian Press Complaints Commission ma bụrụ onye na-ede ihe maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Dag na Tid'' kemgbe ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2013.

== Mbido na ndụ nkeonwe ==
A mụrụ Aden na [[Somalia]], ọ ghọkwara nwa mgbei mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. Ọ gaghị akwụkwọ, wee kwaga [[Norway]] site na njikọta ezinụlọ &lt;ref name=&quot;vl21009&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vl.no/magasin/livogsjel/article4631825.ece|title=Norsk nok?|first=Jannie|author=Solset|work=[[Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper)|Vårt Land]]|date=2 October 2009|accessdate=13 September 2010|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; dịka nwa dị afọ iri na atọ n'afọ 1996, ọ biri ndụ dị ka nwatakịrị   nebi n'okporo ámá ruo afọ asaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;asch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aschehoug.no/forfattere/alfabetisk/vis?contentItemId=2800407|title=Aden, Amal|work=[[Aschehoug]]|accessdate=31 January 2010|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914220221/http://www.aschehoug.no/forfattere/alfabetisk/vis?contentItemId=2800407|archivedate=14 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbụ, Ọ nwere ihe isi ike n'ịnagide omenala ọhụrụ, usoro nchebe ụmụaka na ọrụ ọha na eze ndị ọzọ ọ na-ekwu na ha enweghị ike inyere ya aka. N'ikpeazụ  ọ banyere n'otu ndị na-ede ma na-añu ọgwu na mpaghara obodo Oslo nke Grønland, ma biri n'okporo ámá obodo ahụ oge ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.amaladen.no/|accessdate=31 January 2010|title=Velkommen til min hjemmeside|first=Amal|author=Aden|language=no|archivedate=24 June 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624145739/http://www.amaladen.no/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, taa, ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya dị ka onye ntụgharị asụsụ maka ndị uwe ojii, ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, yana ịbụ onye ndụmọdụ na onye nkuzi maka ọchịchị ime obodo na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;asch&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ nne ụmụ ejima ma biri na Hønefoss kemgbe afọ 2002.

== Ọrụ ==
Amal Aden bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya n'afọ 2008 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Aden, Amal, 1983-|title=Se oss : bekymringsmelding fra en ung norsksomalisk kvinne|date=2008|publisher=H. Aschehoug (W. Nygaard)|isbn=978-82-03-29136-4|edition=2. oppl|location=Oslo|oclc=351100191}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bipụtakwa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ kemgbe ahụ. Ọ natala ọtụtụ ihe nrite, nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ Zola-prisen (ihe nrite mba Norway aha ya bụ onye edemede na onye ọkà mmuta si France bụ Emile Zola) n'afọ 2010 n'ihi ọrụ ya na nsogbu mbata na njikọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zola-prisen 2010 – Amal Aden – Zola-prisen|url=http://www.zola-prisen.no/zola-prisen-2010-amal-aden/|accessdate=2020-11-30|language=nb-NO|archivedate=5 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605192910/http://www.zola-prisen.no/zola-prisen-2010-amal-aden/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwu ==
N'afọ 2013, mgbe ọ sonyere na Oslo Pride Parade, Amal Aden kwuru na ọ natara ozi 146 nwere egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Death threats for lesbian Somali-Norwegian|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20130703/death-threats-for-lesbian-somali-norwegian-activist-pride-lgbt-rainbow|accessdate=2020-11-30|work=www.thelocal.no|date=3 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aden bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, onye Alakụba ma bụrụkwa nwanyị na-enwe mmasị n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị ibe ya nọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na nkwanye ùgwù ==

* Ihe nrite Zola, 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
* Ihe nrite Amnesty nke Amnesty International Norway, 2012
* Ihe nrite ncheta Erik Bye, 2014
* Ihe nrite Gina Krog nke Norwegian Association for Women's Rights, 2016 

== Akwụkwọ ==
Aden bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ: &lt;ref name=&quot;asch&quot;/&gt;

* ''A na-akpọ ya: A na-aṅụ mmiri n'asụsụ Norwegian.'' Aschehoug (2008) 
* ''ABC na njikọta: 111 ga-abụrịrị na ọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.'' Aschehoug (2009) 
* ''N'asụsụ na-adịghị mma: N'asụsụ selvbiografisk fortelling.'' Aschehoug (2009) 
* Det skal merkes at de bigter: Om likestilling expleite somaliere na Norge (2011) 
* Ha na-agba ọsọ n'ụzọ dị elu (2012) 
* Jacayl na Silas på somali (2015) 

== Edensibịa ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==
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[[Faịlụ:Edo_Technical_College_Fence.jpg|thumb|Mgbidi Kọleji Nkà na Ụzọ Edo]]
'''Kọleji nke teknọlọji di na Edo steetị''' mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya  kọleji nka na uzọ na benin ọbụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ na ọrụ aka dị na Edo Steetị Nijiria . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-09-17|title=Edo Technical College accommodates 800 students – Obaseki|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/newly-revamped-government-science-and-technical-college-to-host-production-hub-obaseki/|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ọbọdọ Benin  na 1970 sité n'aka gọọmentị  ochichi Canada n'oge nchịkwa nke Dr. Samuel Ogbemudia nwụrụ anwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-12-04|title=Rebranding Technical Education in Edo|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/12/04/rebranding-technical-education-in-edo/|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ iji kwalite Ọchụnta ego n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na Edo State. Gọọmentị Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ (GSTC) obodo Benin  na ime Edo State ugbu a na-eyi ọdịdị ọhụrụ, ekele maka ulọ aku uwa nyere Steetị ọhere ichọta ọru yana mefu egọ maka nsonaazụ dia

(SEEFOR). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-02-14|title=World Bank lifts Edo Technical College|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/world-bank-lifts-edo-technical-college/|accessdate=2022-08-14|language=en-US|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Edo Teknuzu kọleji na-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Edo State College of Education, Benin – Skills for Services|url=https://escoe.com.ng/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821211251/https://escoe.com.ng/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige ndị ahụ dị na mpaghara gọọmentị dị iche iche nke steeti ahụ. Kọleji ndị ahụ gụnyere Gọọmenti sayenzị teknuzụ kọkejị (GSTC), Benin nke bụbu Benin Teknuzụ kọleji (BTC));  Igarra kọlejị nka na uzọ ṅakwa kọlejị nka na uzọ di na afuze nakwa kọleji nka na uzọ di na  [[Uromi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-10-02|title=Old Benin technical school new bride for parents|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/old-benin-technical-school-new-bride-for-parents/|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=III|first=Editorial|date=2019-12-27|title=Edo revives technical colleges, hubs|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/edo-revives-technical-colleges-hubs/|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Artemether</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330074248|Artemether]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;!--Clinical data--&gt;|tradename=Many&lt;ref name=&quot;drugs&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Artemether and Lumefantrine (Monograph)|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/artemether-and-lumefantrine.html|publisher=Drugs.com|date=22 February 2023|access-date=17 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|international|artemether}}|pregnancy_AU=&lt;!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --&gt;|pregnancy_US=C|pregnancy_category=|legal_AU=&lt;!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--&gt;|legal_CA=&lt;!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --&gt;|legal_UK=POM|legal_US=&lt;!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --&gt;|legal_status=Rx only|routes_of_administration=Intramuscular&lt;ref name=Esu2019 /&gt; Oral

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'''Artemether''' bụ mkpụrụ ọgwụ a na-eji agwọ [[Iba|ịba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Esu2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artemether for severe malaria|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|date=June 2019|pmid=31210357|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010678.pub3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEsuEffaOpieMeremikwu2019&quot;&gt;Esu EB, Effa EE, Opie ON, Meremikwu MM (June 2019). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eji ụdị ọgwụ a na-agbanye maka oke ịba karịa quinine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esu2019&quot; /&gt; N'ime ndị okenye, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ dị ka Artesunate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esu2019&quot; /&gt; Eji ntụtụ gbaa ya n'ime akwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esu2019&quot; /&gt; Ọ dịkwa na ụdị  ngwakọta ana -anụ na onụ ya na [[lumefantrine]], nke a maara dị ka artemether / lumefantrine. &lt;ref name=&quot;drugs&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Coartem FDA label&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coartem- artemether and lumefantrine tablet|work=DailyMed|date=5 August 2019|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7866ec19-dfac-47d4-a53f-511a12643cbf|accessdate=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Artemether na-akpata mmetụta ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kov2015&quot; /&gt; Obi na-akụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịpụta obere oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kov2015&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ihe akaebe na iji ya eme ihe n'oge ime nwere ike imerụ anụmanụ ahụ, o nweghị ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọ na-ebute nsogbu nye ụmụ mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kov2015&quot; /&gt; N'ihi ya, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-atụ aro iji ya mee ihe n'oge ime ime.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kov2015&quot; /&gt; Ọ dị na klas ọgwụ artemisinin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kov2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Treating severe malaria in pregnancy: a review of the evidence|journal=Drug Safety|volume=38|issue=2|pages=165–181|date=February 2015|pmid=25556421|doi=10.1007/s40264-014-0261-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-amụ Artemether kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala n'afọ 1981, a na-ejikwa ya agwọ ọya kemgbe afọ 1987.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tu Youyou and the Discovery of Artemisinin: 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine|date=2016|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-310-991-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmZtDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dị na Ndepụta Ọgwụ Ndị Dị Mkpa nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Organization|first=World Health|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ojiji ihe gbasara ahụ ike ==
Artemether bụ ọgwụ na-egbochi ịba maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya nke ''P. falciparum'' (na P.''P. falciparum'' na-eguzogide chloroquine) ma ọ bụ ''P. vivax'' na-egide chloroquin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The clinical efficacy of artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem)|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=8|issue=Suppl 1|date=October 2009|pmid=19818172|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-8-S1-S5}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;A pụkwara iji Artemether gwọọ oke ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esu2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artemether for severe malaria|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|date=June 2019|pmid=31210357|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010678.pub3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEsuEffaOpieMeremikwu2019&quot;&gt;Esu EB, Effa EE, Opie ON, Meremikwu MM (June 2019). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-atụ aro ọgwụgwọ nke ''P. falciparum'' na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya na ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta nke artemisinin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294441/|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria|date=2015-01-01|publisher=World Health Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'inye ya na [[lumefantrine]], enwere ike ịgbaso usoro ụbọchị iri na anọ nke primaquine iji gbochie mmeghachi omume nke ''P. vivax'' ma ọ bụ ''P. oval'' ma ọ bụ nje ịba ma nye ọgwụgwọ zuru oke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294428/|title=Treatment Of Uncomplicated Malaria Caused By P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae or P. knowlesi|date=2015-01-01|publisher=World Health Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A pụkwara iji Artemether gwọọ ma gbochie ọrịa trematode nke [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]] mgbe ejiri ya na praziquantel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Systematic review and meta-analysis of artemisinin based therapies for the treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=9|date=2012-01-01|pmid=23029285|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0045867}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FDA kewara Artemether n'ọkwa C dabere na nnyocha emere n'ahụ anụmanụ bu ihe ndị sitere na artemisinin gosipụtara njikọ ya na ọnwụ nwa ọhụrụ na nkwarụ. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ nnyocha anaghị egosi ihe akaebe nke mmerụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The safety of artemisinins during pregnancy: a pressing question|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=6|date=February 2007|pmid=17300719|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-6-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine compared with quinine in pregnant women with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=10|issue=11|pages=762–769|date=November 2010|pmid=20932805|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70202-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmetụta ndị ọzọ ==
Mmetụta ọjọọ ndị nwere ike ịkpata gụnyere mmetụta obi dịka bradycardia na ịgbatị oge QT.[1][13] Ọzọkwa, egosipụtala na enwere ike merụọ sistemụ akwara etiti na ọmụmụ anụmanụ.[14][5]

== Mmekọrịta ọgwụ ọjọọ ==
A chọpụtara na ọkwa artemether nke Plasma dị ala mgbe ejirila ọgwụ ahụ agwakọtara agwakọta mee ihe tinyere  lopinavir / ritonavir mee ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Askling2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Management of imported malaria in Europe|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=11|date=September 2012|pmid=22985344|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-11-328}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ebelata ikpughe ọgwụ na-ejikọta ya na efavirenz ma ọ bụ nevirapine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Interactions between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus anno 2014|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=20|issue=4|pages=278–285|date=April 2014|pmid=24528518|doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12597}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Clinical pharmacokinetic drug interactions associated with artemisinin derivatives and HIV-antivirals|journal=Clinical Pharmacokinetics|volume=53|issue=2|pages=141–153|date=February 2014|pmid=24158666|doi=10.1007/s40262-013-0110-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E kwesịghị iji Artemether / Lumefantrine mee ihe ọnụ na ọgwụ ndị  na-egbochi CYP3A4 . &lt;ref name=&quot;Stover2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artemether-lumefantrine: an option for malaria|journal=The Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=46|issue=4|pages=567–577|date=April 2012|pmid=22496476|doi=10.1345/aph.1Q539}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọgwụ mgbochi afọ na-arụ ọrụ site na usoro homonụ nwere ike ighara idi irè ma ọ bụrụ na ana eji ha eme ihe n'otu oge na  artemether / lumefantrine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artemether-lumefantrine: an option for malaria|journal=The Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=46|issue=4|pages=567–577|date=April 2012|pmid=22496476|doi=10.1345/aph.1Q539}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStoverKingRobinson2012&quot;&gt;Stover KR, King ST, Robinson J (April 2012). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ ==

=== Usoro ọrụ ===
Usoro nwere ike ime na ọgwụ artemisinin na-arụ ọrụ cidal ha site na igbochi PfATP6. Ebe ọ bụ na PfATP6 bụ enzyme na-achịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ calcium nke mkpụrụ ndụ, mmebi ya ga-eduga n'ịchịkọta calcium intracellular, nke na-akpata ọnwụ mkpụrụ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guo2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artemisinin anti-malarial drugs in China|journal=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B|volume=6|issue=2|pages=115–124|date=March 2016|pmid=27006895|doi=10.1016/j.apsb.2016.01.008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọgwụ ọgwụ ===
A na-enweta ahụ nke ọma karịa (ihe dịka okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bu atọ) mgbe ana aňu  artemether ya na nri. Ọ na-ejikọta ya nke ukwuu na protein (95.4%). A na-ahụ oke artemether awa 2 mgbe nlekọta gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Coartem FDA label&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coartem- artemether and lumefantrine tablet|work=DailyMed|date=5 August 2019|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7866ec19-dfac-47d4-a53f-511a12643cbf|accessdate=26 April 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7866ec19-dfac-47d4-a53f-511a12643cbf &quot;Coartem- artemether and lumefantrine tablet&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-agbanwe Artemether n'ime ahụ mmadụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ metabolite, dihydroartemisinin, karịsịa site na enzymes imeju CYP3A4/5 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Coartem FDA label&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coartem- artemether and lumefantrine tablet|work=DailyMed|date=5 August 2019|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7866ec19-dfac-47d4-a53f-511a12643cbf|accessdate=26 April 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7866ec19-dfac-47d4-a53f-511a12643cbf &quot;Coartem- artemether and lumefantrine tablet&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ewepụ ma ọgwụ nne na nna na metabolite na-arụ ọrụ na ọkara ndụ nke ihe dị ka awa 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;Coartem FDA label&quot; /&gt;

== Kemistri ==
Artemether bụ methyl ether sitere na artemisinin, nke bụ lactone nwere peroxide nke e wepụrụ site na osisi na-egbochi ịba ''Artemisia annua''. A makwaa''R'' ya dị ka di''H'' methyl ether, mana aha kemịkal ya ziri ezi bụ (+) - (3α,5aβ,6β,8aβ,9α,12β,12aR) -decahydro-10-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-''j'']-1,2-benzodioxepine. 
Ọ bụ ọgwụ na-adịghị akwụsi ike na nke na-adịghị eguzosi ike, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Relative response factor determination of β-artemether degradants by a dry heat stress approach|journal=Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis|volume=70|pages=111–116|date=November 2012|pmid=22770733|doi=10.1016/j.jpba.2012.06.002|url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2938963}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-arụ ọrụ site na ịmepụta free radicals na arụ si ọrụ ike tinyere ịmetụta usoro njem n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ nke nje plasmodium ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Artemether&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.antimicrobe.org/drugpopup/artemether.htm|title=Artemether|work=www.antimicrobe.org|accessdate=2016-11-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223123545/http://www.antimicrobe.org/drugpopup/artemether.htm|archivedate=2017-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368878747|Fatigue]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ike ọgwụgwụ''' bụ Ọnọdụ nke enweghị ike na-adịru ogologo oge. A na-eji okwu a bụ &quot;ike ọgwụgwụ&quot; eme ihe n'ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche: n'echiche nkịtị nke ahụ ịdị nwayọọ, yana dị ka amaokwu ahụike doro anya.


N'okwu ahụike, a na-ele ike ọgwụgwụ anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa, nke nwere ike isi n'ọtụtụ nsogbu pụta dị ka mgbe ahụ na-alụso onwe ya ọgụ, mgbe akụkụ ahụ kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ, nsogbu obi, ma ọ bụ site n'ọrịa dị iche iche na-efe efe. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ na-esiri ike ịghọta ihe kpatara ike ọgwụgwụ n'ezie, n'ihi na ihe dị ka otu n'ime ụzọ atọ n'ime ndị mmadụ na-aga spịtal nwere ya, a na-anaghị ahụkarị ihe kpatara ya n'ahụ ma ọ bụ n'uche ha.

N'echiche nke ike ọgwụgwụ, ike ọgwụgwụ na-esochi mmega ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche ogologo oge. Ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ na-esite na Ike ọgwụgwụ nke uru ahụ kpatara site na mmega ahụ siri ike. Ike ọgwụgwụ nke uche na-esite na ogologo oge nke ọrụ ọgụgụ isi nke na-emebi ikike ọgụgụ isi, nwere ike igosi dị ka ụra, ụra, ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ nke nlebara anya,  ma nwee ike imebi arụmọrụ ahụ.

== Nkọwa ==
A na-eji ike ọgwụgwụ eme ihe iji kpuchie ahụmịhe nke ike dị ala nke ndụ nkịtị na-esoghị.

Nnyocha nke afọ 2021 tụrụ aro ka e lee ike ọgwụgwụ anya dị ka nsogbu si n'ọtụtụ ụzọ emetụta mmadụ—gụnyere ahụ ike ya, uche ya, mmụọ iji mee ihe, na mmetụta uche ya—nke na-ebelata nke ukwuu ikike onye ahụ nwere iji mezuo ihe ma ọ bụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.


Nkọwa ọzọ bụ na ike ọgwụgwụ bụ &quot;mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ike ọgwụgwụ, mmetụta na-arịwanye elu nke mgbalị, enweghị nkwekọ n'etiti mgbalị a na-emefu na arụmọrụ n'ezie, ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ na-enweghị isi na ọgwụ, ihe mgbu na-adịghị ala, nkwarụ ahụ, anaemia, nsogbu iku ume, ịda mbà n'obi, na nsogbu ụra&quot;.

Iji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;ike ọgwụgwụ&quot; n'okwu ahụike nwere ike ibute nghọtahie n'ihi na fọrọ nke ányá ka e nwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ dị ichè ichè. N'ihi nke a, ọ nwere ike ịdị mma iji okwu dị iche iche dị ezigbo mma kọwaa ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ nke ọ bụla iji zere mgbagwoju anya.

=== Ntụnyere na okwu ndị ọzọ ===

==== Ike ọgwụgwụ ====
ike ọgwụgwụ nke bụ nsonaazụ dị mma nke ọrụ, nrụgide uche, nchegbu, oke mkpali na mmebi, jet lag, ntụrụndụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ike ọgwụgwụ, ma ọ bụ Enweghị ụra anaghị ele ya anya dị ka ike ọgwụgwụ. Nke a bụ ike ọgwụgwụ akọwapụtara na MeSH Descriptor Data.

==== Ike ọgwụgwụ ====
Ike ọgwụgwụ bụ ọnọdụ nke oke ike ọgwụgwụ.

==== Ihi ụra ====

== Nchịkọta ==
A na-ahazi &quot;ike ọgwụgwụ&quot; dị ka koodu ICD-11

== Nkwupụta ==

=== Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị ===
Ihe ndị dị iche iche nke ike ọgwụgwụ gụnyere:

* enweghị ike ịkọwapụta ihe.
* mgbanwe n'ike,
* ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịtụ oke / na-eme ka ọ dị oke egwu, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.
* enweghị ọganihu na ezumike,
* ebe ọrịa dị n'ime ya dị, ike ọgwụgwụ na-abụkarị nke na-adabaghị na oke ọrịa ahụ. 

=== Ihe ndị dị iche iche ===
Ihe dị iche iche nke ike ọgwụgwụ nke nwere ike inyere aka ịchọpụta ihe nwere ike ịkpata ike ọgwụgwụ gụnyere:

*

Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ihe na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ.

== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
Ike ọgwụgwụ bụ ihe mgbaàmà dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwekwara ike ịka njọ ma ọ bụ gaa n'ihu n'ihi mgbanwe dị iche iche, gụnyere mmetụta sitere n'ọtụtụ ihe metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, a na-ewere ike ọgwụgwụ dị ka ihe mgbaàmà a na-enweghị ike ịkọwa nke ọma site n'otu ihe kpatara ya. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'ihe ruru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ikpe nlekọta ahụike mbụ metụtara ike ọgwụgwụ, a na-enweghị nchọpụta ahụike ma ọ bụ nke uche doro anya a na-ahụ iji kọwaa ya  

=== Ihe ọjọọ mere na ndụ ===
A na-ejikọta ihe omume ndụ na ike ọgwụgwụ.

=== Iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ===
Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2021 n'otu obodo dị na Korea chọpụtara na ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya bụ otu n'ime àgwà a nwere ike ịgbanwe agbanwe nwere njikọ kachasị siri ike na ike ọgwụgwụ. Sịkwa n'otu aka ahụ, nnyocha ọzọ e mere n'afọ 2020 na Norway gosiri na pasent 69 nke ndị na-arịa ọrịa iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma nwere mgbaàmà ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị na-eji benzodiazepines eme ihe n'agbata oke. Otú ahụ ka ọ dị, nnyocha mmasị ndị a gosipụtara naanị njikọ dị n'etiti ihe ndị a, mana ha egosighị na otu bụ ihe kpatara nke ọzọ n'ezie.

  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ojiji nke ihuenyo dijitalụ ===
Ọrụ ihuenyo dijitalụ mgbe niile—dị ka nke kọmputa, laptọọpụ, na ekwentị—nwere ike iweta nrụgide n'anya nakwa ike ọgwụgwụ n'ahụ na n'uche. Mgbaàmà ụfọdụ nwere ike ịgụnye ihe mgbu n'anya, ile ihe anya gbagwojuo mgbagwoju, isi ọwụwa, gụnyere mgbu n'olu na n'azụ. A na-akpọ mgbaàmà ndị a n'ozuzu ha **Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)** ma ọ bụ n'asụsụ obodo dị ka **ike ọgwụgwụ ihuenyo. Mgbaàmà ụfọdụ nwere ike ịgụnye anya na-egbu mgbu, ịhụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma, isi ọwụwa na nsogbu ndị metụtara ya dịka olu na azụ na-egbu egbu. A maara mgbaàmà ndị a n'ozuzu ha dị ka Ọrịa ọhụụ kọmputa (CVS) ma ọ bụ n'okwu mkparịta ụka dị ka ike ọgwụgwụ ihuenyo.

=== Nsogbu ihi ụra ===
Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọgwụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ibute ike ọgwụgwụ, dị ka lithium, ciprofloxacin, ma ọ bụ ọgwụ na-ebelata mgbali elu nke obara (beta blockers) nke na-eme ka ike ọgwụgwụ na-agụ mmadụ mgbe ọ na-emega ahụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute ya gụnyere ọgwụ allergy, ọgwụ ụkwara, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ kansa dị ka chemotherapy na radiotherapy. Otú ahụ ka ọ dịkwara ọgwụ na-ebelata nchegbu (benzodiazepines), nke a chọpụtara na ọ na-ebukwa ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike pụta.

=== Ọgwụ ===
Ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta na-eso ojiji nke ọgwụ ụfọdụ dị ka *lithium salts* ma ọ bụ *ciprofloxacin*; *beta blockers*, nke nwere ike ime ka ahụ ghara ịnagide mmega ahụ; ọgwụ eji egbochi allergy ma ọ bụ ụkwara; na usoro ọgwụgwọ kansa dị iche iche, ọkachasị *chemotherapy* na *radiotherapy*. N'otu aka ahụ, a chọpụtara na iji ọgwụ *benzodiazepines* eme ihe na-enwe njikọ siri ike na mmụba nke ike ọgwụgwụ.

=== Njikọ ya na ọrịa na ọrịa ===
Ike ọgwụgwụ na-ejikọkarị ya na ọrịa na ọnọdụ. Ụfọdụ isi ụdị ọnọdụ ndị na-edekarị ike ọgwụgwụ dị ka mgbaàmà gụnyere ọrịa anụ ahụ, ọrịa iji ọgwụ eme ihe, ọrịa uche, na ọrịa na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ.

*

==== Ọrịa uche ====

* [[Anxiety disorder|nsogbu nchegbu]], dị ka Nsogbu nchegbu zuru oke; 
* Nsogbu mmepe dịka autism spectrum disorder; 
* ịda mbà n'obi;
* Nsogbu iri nri, nke nwere ike ịkpata ike ọgwụgwụ n'ihi nri na-edozi ahụ; 

* myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS); 
* idiopathic chronic fatigue, okwu a na-eji akọwa Ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala nke na-enweghị mgbaàmà nke ME / CFS. Otú ọ dị, ICF enweghị koodu nchọpụta raara onwe ya nye na nhazi ICD-11 nke World Health Organization; 
* Ọrịa Gulf War.

==== Primary vs. secondary ====
N'ebe ụfọdụ, a tụwo aro ka ike ọgwụgwụ kewaa n'ime

* ike ọgwụgwụ bụ isi, nke ọrịa na-akpata kpọmkwem, na
* ike ọgwụgwụ nkịtị ma ọ bụ nke abụọ, nke ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya gụnyere mgbalị na mmetụta nke abụọ na mmadụ nke inwe ọrịa (dị ka ụra na-akpaghasị).

Nkọwa ICD-11 MG22 nke ike ọgwụgwụ na-ejide ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ abụọ ahụ; ọ na-agụnye ike ọgwụgwụ nke &quot;na-eme na enweghị... mgbalị... dị ka mgbaàmà nke ọnọdụ ahụike. &quot;[s] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (March 2024)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ibubiga ibu ókè ===
Ibu oke ibu na-emetụta oke ike ọgwụgwụ na ihe na-eme. 

=== Nsogbu mgbaàmà nke ahụ ===
Na nsogbu mgbaàmà somatic onye ọrịa na-elekwasị anya na mgbaàmà anụ ahụ, dị ka ike ọgwụgwụ, nke nwere ike ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị akọwa ya site na ọnọdụ ahụike.

=== Ihe ndị sayensị na-akwadoghị ===
A na-ekwukarị echiche nke ike ọgwụgwụ adrenal na mgbasa ozi mana enweghi ihe ndabere sayensị maka ya. 

A ghọtachaghị usoro ndị na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ. Ọtụtụ usoro nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ime onye ọrịa,  na ntinye aka nke usoro ọ bụla dị iche iche n'oge. 

Mgbe a na-ekwu na ike ọgwụgwụ na-esite n'mgbanwe na-adịghị apụ apụ n'ụbụrụ, ọ na-esiri ike ịkọwa ihe kpatara ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ nke na-agbanwe agbanwe—ya bụ nke na-abịa ma na-ala n'oge ụfọdụ n'ụbọchị. Ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ nke a na-apụtakarị n'ahụ ndị nwere ọrịa rheumatism na-ebute ọzịza ma ọ bụ ọrịa ebe ahụ na-alụso onwe ya ọgụ, dị ka multiple sclerosis. 

Ọzịza na-agbagọ kemịkalụ akwara, ọrụ ụbụrụ na njikọ ọrụ n'ofe netwọk ụbụrụ dịgasị iche iche,  ma jikọta ya na ọtụtụ ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ. Nchọpụta ndị a na-egosi na Ọrịa ụbụrụ na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ na nsogbu ndị metụtara ya.  ozịza dị ala nwere ike ịkpata enweghị nkwekọ n'etiti nnweta ike na mmefu.

Cytokines bụ obere protein molecules nke na-agbanwe mmeghachi omume na ọzịza (yana ọrụ ndị ọzọ) ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na ike ọgwụgwụ. Otú ọ dị, nyocha nke 2019 enweghị nkwubi okwu ma cytokines na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla doro anya na ME / CFS.

=== Mbelata njikọ ụbụrụ ===
A na-ejikọta ike ọgwụgwụ na mbelata nke njikọta nakwa mmegharị ahụ n'ụbụrụ, nke a na-apụta ihe n'ọnọdụ ndị dị ka strok gachara, MS, NMOSD na MOG, gụnyere ME/CFS. Sịkwa n'otu aka ahụ, a chọpụtara ụdị mbelata njikọta ụbụrụ a n'etiti ndị nwere ike ọgwụgwụ sitere na mmerụ ahụ n'ụbụrụ, ebe e nwere njikọ doro anya n'enweghị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti otú ike n'otu n'otu si gwụ mmadụ na mbelata mmegharị nke njikọ ụbụrụ ya. 

Mpaghara ụbụrụ nwere ihe akaebe metụtara ike ọgwụgwụ gụnyere talamọs na etiti fronta kọteks, fronto-pariyeta na singulo-opekula, gụnyere saịtị netwọọkụ ọdịda, netwọọkụ saliyens, na mpaghara talamokọtika luupu.

N'afọ 2024, otu nnyocha kwuru na mgbanwe na njikọ dị n'ụbụrụ nwere ike na-ebute ike ọgwụgwụ n'ahụ ndị nwere ụdị ọrịa multiple sclerosis na-abịa ma na-ala (pwRRMS). Otú ọ dị, a pụghị iji ihe si na nnyocha ahụ pụta mechie okwu kpamkpam, n'ihi na nnyocha e mere maka ya dị ole na ole, pụtakwara n'ụzọ dị iche iche site n'otu nnyocha gaa n'ọzọ.

Otu obere nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2023 gosiri na oke mmerụ ahụ dị n'ụbụrụ na n'ọkpụkpụ azụ na-enyere aka nke ukwuu iji mara otú ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike isi sie ike n'ahụ ndị nwere ọrịa RRMS.

=== Mmebi nke ụbụrụ ọcha ===
Nnyocha achọpụtala na Ike ọgwụgwụ MS nwere njikọ na mmebi nke NAWM (ihe na-acha ọcha na-apụta) (nke na-agaghị egosi na MRI nkịtị mana ọ ga-egosi na DTI (ihe oyiyi nke diffusion tensor)). Njikọ ahụ anaghị ezigbo mma iji meere ihe n'ahụ ndị ọrịa karịrị afọ 65, n'ihi nsogbu na mmebi na-abịa n'ihi nka.

=== Mkpụrụ ndụ protein na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị ===
Otu obere nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2016 gosiri na ndị nwere Sjögren's syndrome na-enwe ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike nwere ahụ prọtein HSP90α ka ukwuu n'ọbara ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị nwere nke dị mfe, tinyere ohere ka ukwuu nke ịbawanye prọtein HSP72. Otú ahụ ka nnyocha obere e mere n'afọ 2020 n'etiti ndị ọrịa Crohn chọpụtakwara na ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike na-ejikọta na mmụba nke ọkwa HSP90α. Ma n'aka nke ọzọ, nnyocha obere yiri nke a e mere n'afọ 2012 iji mara mmetụta IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) nwere n'ịbelata ike ọgwụgwụ n'etiti ndị nwere Sjögren's syndrome enweghị nkwubi okwu doro anya . Obere nnyocha 2020 nke ndị ọrịa Crohn chọpụtara na ike ọgwụgwụ dị elu (fVAS) na-emetụta ọkwa HSP90α dị elu. Obere nnwale yiri ya na 2012 na-enyocha ma itinye IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) ga-ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ na ndị isi Sjögren's syndrome enweghị nkwubi okwu.

== Ịtụle ==
A na-atụle ike ọgwụgwụ ugbua site n'ọtụtụ ngwa nyocha dị iche iche. Dị ka ihe atụ,nwere ngwa Inventory of Fatigue Symptom (FSI) na Fatigue Severity Scale. Ka o sinagbanyeghị nke a, enwebeghị nkwekọrịta doro anya n'ụzọ kachasị mma e nwere ike isi tụọ ya, ebe nyocha ndị a na-eji eme ihe ugbu a na-enweghị ike ijide nhazi na ọdịdị pụrụ iche nke ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ ụfọdụ. Ọzọ kwa, nhazi nke mmụba na mbelata saịtị mgbanwe obi n'oge ugbu a enweghị ike ịmata mgbapụta dị n'etiti ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ na nke uche, n'agbanyeghị na nnyocha dị iche iche egosila na atụmatụ nsị kọtịsọl nwere ike inye aka n'ịtụ ike ọgwụgwụ uche.

== Nnyocha ==

=== Ntuziaka nchọpụta ===
Ntuziaka 2023 na-egosi ihe ndị a 

* na ọnọdụ nlekọta mbụ, a na-ahụ nchọpụta ahụike ma ọ bụ nke isi mgbaka na ọ dịkarịa ala ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị ọrịa.
* nchọpụta ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ ọrịa nje, ọrịa iku ume elu, iron-deficiency anaemia, ụkwara ume ọkụ siri ike, mmetụta ọjọọ nke onye na-ahụ maka ahụike na ọgwụ kwesịrị ekwesị, na ịda mbà n'obi ma ọ bụ nsogbu uche ndị ọzọ, dị ka nsogbu egwu, na Nsogbu somatisation.
* mmalite nke ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike ịbụ etiti, nke sitere na ụbụrụ, ma ọ bụ nke dịpụrụ adịpụ, na-abụkarị nke sitere na akwara - enwere ike ịkọwa ya na ọrịa anụ ahụ, ọrịa uche (dịka, nsogbu uche), mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya (dịka nsogbu ezinụlọ), na ihe ndị metụtara ahụike (dịka nká), na ọrịa ọrụ (dịka nrụgide n'ebe ọrụ);
* mgbe a na-akọwaghị Ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala nke a na-enyocha n'ime ME / CFS na ike ọgwụgwụ idiopathic.

Nnyocha German nke afọ 2016 chọpụtara na

* Ihe dị ka pasent 20 nke ndị na-eme mkpesa banyere ike ọgwụgwụ nye onye GP (onye na-ahụ maka ahụike) nwere nsogbu ịda mbà n'obi.
* [[Ịdị ụkọ ọbara|anaemia]], malignancies na ọrịa ndị ọzọ siri ike na-ahụkarị na ndị ọrịa na-agwọ ọrịa isi ike gwụrụ, na ọnụọgụ mmụba na-adịtụghị iche na ndị ọrịa anaghị agwọ agwọ.
* ọ bụrụ na ike ọgwụgwụ mere na ndị ọrịa nlekọta mbụ dị ka mgbaàmà dịpụrụ adịpụ na-enweghị nsogbu ndị ọzọ na akụkọ ahụike na nyocha ahụike, mgbe ahụ nyocha nyocha dị ukwuu anaghị enyere aka ịchọpụta ọrịa siri ike. Nnyocha dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike iduga na nyocha ụgha.

Nnyocha Australia nke afọ 2014 tụrụ aro na oge ichere nke ọma nwere ike ịbụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị nnukwu ihe ịrịba ama ịdọ aka ná ntị.

Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2009 chọpụtara na ihe dị ka pasent 50 nke ndị ike gwụrụ nwetara nchọpụta nke nwere ike ịkọwa ike ọgwụgwụ mgbe otu afọ gachara na ọnọdụ ahụ. N'ime ndị nwere nchọpụta, ọkpụkpụ (19.4%) na nsogbu uche (16.5%) bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị. A chọtara ọnọdụ anụ ahụ doro anya na 8.2% nke ikpe.

=== Nchịkọta ===

==== Site n'ụdị ====
Enwere ike ịhụ ike ọgwụgwụ dị ka ihe dị n'otu akụkụ nke na-emetụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ mmadụ. Enwere ike ịkọwa ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche ma kọwaa ya n'ozuzu ya, na-eme ka nghọta nke ihe kpatara ngosipụta ya sie ike karịsịa n'ọnọdụ ndị nwere ọrịa dịgasị iche iche gụnyere ọrịa autoimmune.

Nnyocha nke 2021 tụlere na &quot;ụdị / subset&quot; dị iche iche nke ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike ịdị nakwa na ndị ọrịa na-enwekarị ihe karịrị otu &quot;ụdị / obere&quot;. &quot;Ụdị / akụkụ&quot; dị iche iche nke ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ dị iche iche d'otu mgbaàmà ahụ, na ngosipụta nke ọ bụla nwere ike ịdabere na onyinye nke usoro dị iche iche. Ọzịza nwere ike ịbụ usoro na-akpata ya n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ.

===== Ahụike =====
Ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ uru ahụ, bụ enweghị ike nke anụ ahụ nwa oge nke uru ahụ ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Mmalite nke ike ọgwụgwụ nke uru ahụ n'oge mmega ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ, ma dabere na ọkwa ahụike nke onye ahụ - ihe ndị ọzọ gụnyere Enweghị ụra na ahụike n'ozuzu. &amp;nbsp;Ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ nwere ike ibute site na enweghị ike n'ime uru ahụ, site na mbelata nke arụmọrụ nke njikọ neuromuscular ma ọ bụ site na mbeba nke ụgbọala sitere na usoro akwara etiti, ma nwee ike ịgbanwe ya site na ezumike. Akụkụ dị n'etiti ike ọgwụgwụ na-akpata site na mmụba nke ọkwa serotonin na usoro akwara etiti. N'oge ọrụ mmegharị ahụ, serotonin a na-ewepụta na synapses nke na-emetụta akwara na-akwalite mgbanaka akwara. N'oge ọrụ dị elu, ọnụọgụ nke serotonin a na-ewepụta na-abawanye ma na-awụfu. Serotonin na-ejikọta na ndị na-anabata ihe ndị dị na axonal mbụ nke neurons motor na nsonaazụ na mmalite nke akwara na si otú ahụ na-egbochi mgbanaka muscle.

Enwere ike iji nyocha ike nke uru ahụ chọpụta ọnụnọ nke Ọrịa akwara, mana enweghị ike ịchọpụta ihe kpatara ya. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ, dị ka electromyography, nwere ike inye ozi nchọpụta, mana ozi a na-enweta site na nyocha ike nke uru ahụ naanị ezughị iji chọpụta ọtụtụ nsogbu akwara.

===== Uche =====
Ike ọgwụgwụ nke uche bụ enweghị ike nwa oge iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma. Mmalite nke ike ọgwụgwụ uche n'oge ọrụ ọ bụla na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ, ma dabere na ikike ọgụgụ isi nke onye ahụ, yana ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka enweghị ụra na ahụike n'ozuzu.

Ike ọgwụgwụ nke uche egosila na ọ na-ebelata arụmọrụ ahụ. Ọ nwere ike igosi dị ka ụra, ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ na-eduzi uche, ma ọ bụ enweghị nkwekọrịta. Nnyocha na-atụkwa aro na ike ọgwụgwụ uche nwere njikọ chiri anya na echiche nke mmebi nke onwe, ọ bụ ezie na a na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke echiche ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu nnyocha e debanyere aha nke ndị sonyere 686 chọpụtara na mgbe ha gbasịrị mbọ, ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịpụ ma ghara inwe mmasị n'ịgbalịsi ike.

A pụkwara ịkọwa nlebara anya dị ka ọkwa dị ala nke ịma ihe. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị ize ndụ mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ ndị chọrọ itinye uche mgbe niile, dị ka ịrụ ọrụ nnukwu ụgbọala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye na-ehi ụra nke ọma nwere ike ịnwe obere ụra. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike iji nyocha ọgụgụ isi mee ihe iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti  ụbụrụ na nke ike gwụrụ


A na-ekwere na nghọta nke ike ọgwụgwụ uche na-agbanwe site na usoro reticular activating system (RAS) nke ụbụrụ. 

Ike ọgwụgwụ na-emetụta oge mmeghachi omume nke onye ọkwọ ụgbọala, mmata banyere ihe ize ndụ ndị gbara ha gburugburu na nlebara anya ha. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè nwere ike itinye aka n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala okpukpu atọ, na ịmụrụ anya karịa awa 20 bụ ihe kwekọrọ na ịkwọ ụgbọala na mmanya na-aba n'anya nke 0.08%

A kọwakwara ike ọgwụgwụ uche site na ihe nlereanya ọnụahịa-uru uru, na-adabere na nghọta dị mkpa site na akwụkwọ neuroscience nke ugbu a banyere otu ike ọgwụgwụ si agbanwe mkpali ịrụ ọrụ. Ihe nlereanya ahụ na-akọwa etu uru ụgwọ ọrụ, ego mgbalị, na akụkụ ike ọgwụgwụ nke arụmọrụ ọrụ si agbakọta na cortex prefrontal nke etiti iji gbakọọ uru nkwali nke ihe mkpali na ịhọrọ omume kwesịrị ekwesị. 

===== Ike ọgwụgwụ nke akwara =====
Ndị na-arịa ọrịa multiple sclerosis na-enwe ụdị ike ọgwụgwụ nke nwere ike ime n'oge ọ bụla n'ụbọchị, maka oge ọ bụla, nke ahụ anaghị alọghachi n'ụzọ a na-ahụ anya maka onye ọrịa ọ bụla, a na-akpọ ya &quot;ike ọgwụgwụ nke akwara&quot;, na mgbe mgbe dị ka &quot;ike ọgwụgwọ multiple sclerose&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;ịdị ike ọgwụgwụ&quot;. 

Ndị nwere ọrịa autoimmune gụnyere ọrịa rheumatic inflammatory dị ka rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis na isi Sjögren's syndrome, na-enwe ike ọgwụgwụ yiri nke ahụ. E meela mgbalị iji kewapụta ihe na-akpata Ike ọgwụgwụ nke usoro akwara.

==== Site n'oge ====

;  
: Ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike na-adịkarị naanị mgbe ole na ole ma na-agbasa n'ahụ dum, nke na-apụtakarị mgbe usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-alụso ọrịa dị ka oyi ọgụ. Ewezuga nke a, ọ pụkwara isi n'ịda mbà n'obi pụta ma ọ bụ site n'ihe mberede kemịkalụ n'ahụ dị ka ịta mmiri, nsị, shuga dị ala n'ọbara, na ụkọ vitamin ma ọ bụ mineral.Ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike bụ nke na-adịru nwa oge na nke na-akparaghị ókè. Ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike na-abụkarị ọrịa dịka oyi nkịtị na-akpata ya ma enwere ike ịmata ya dị ka otu akụkụ nke mmeghachi omume omume omume omume ọrịa na-eme mgbe usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike gụnyere ịda mbà n'obi na ihe na-akpatakpata kemịkal, dị ka mmiri ịta n'ahụ, nsị, shuga dị ala n'ọbara, ma ọ bụ ụkọ mineral ma ọ bụ vitamin.
: Ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịte aka bụ ike ọgwụgwụ na'onwe ya, nke na-adịgide adịgide (na-adịgide) nke na-ewe ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ọnwa.
;  
: Ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala bụ ike ọgwụgwụ a kọrọ na ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwa isii n'usoro. Ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike ịbụ nke na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ nke na-alaghachi azụ. Ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke ọtụtụ ọrịa na-adịghị aga ala na ike ọgwụgwụ idiopathic.

==== Site n'ihe ọ na-eme ====
Ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ na ogo ndụ. Ike ọgwụgwụ miri emi na nke na-eme ka ike gwụ bụ mkpesa a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ndị nwere ọrịa autoimmune, dị ka systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, ụdị ọrịa shuga 1, celiac, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome, na rheumatoid arthritis. Ndị na-arịa ọrịa akọwaala ike ọgwụgwụ dị ka 'ihe a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta' n'ihi ihe a na-amaghị ama ọ na-eme, enweghị mmekọrịta na mgbalị anụ ahụ na àgwà dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ike ọgwụgwụ.

==== Nchịkọta nke WHO ====
Nchịkọta ICD-11 nke World Health Organization  gụnyere ụdị MG22 Ike ọgwụgwụ (nke na-abụkarị ike ọgwụgwụ na-esote mgbalị ma mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike ime na enweghị mgbalị dị otú ahụ dị ka ihe mgbaàmà nke ọnọdụ ahụike), na ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ ebe a kpọtụrụ ike ọgwụgwụ aha dị ka nsonaazụ nke abụọ nke ihe ndị ọzọ.  Ọ naghị agụnye ọrịa uche ọ bụla na-adabere na ike ọgwụgwụ (ọ gwụla ma ọ na-esonyere mgbaàmà ndị metụtara ya).

DSM-5 depụtara 'ike ọgwụgwụ ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụbọchị ọ bụla' dị ka otu ihe na-eme ka a chọpụta ịda mbà n'obi.

== Ọgwụgwọ na njikwa ==
Nchịkwa nwere ike ịgụnye nyocha nke ihe na usoro dịka akọwapụtara n'okpuru ebe a.

=== Ịkwụsị ọgwụ na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ ===
Enwere ike ịkwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2021)&quot;&gt;better&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;source&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ọgwụ iji gwọọ ike ọgwụgwụ ===
UK NICE na-atụ aro ịtụle amantadine, modafinil, na selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) maka ike ọgwụgwụ MS. Otú ọ dị, nyocha PCORI chọpụtara amantadine, methylphenidate, na modafinil adịghị arụ ọrụ karịa placebo n'ibelata ike ọgwụgwụ, yana mmetụta ndị ọzọ a kọrọ. A na-eji ọgwụ ndị na-akpali akpali dịka methylphenidate,  amphetamines,  na modafinil agwọ ike ọgwụgwụ metụtara ịda mbà n'obi, ọrịa dịka ọrịa ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala, na ọrịa kansa. A na-ejikwa ha eme ihe iji gbochie ike ọgwụgwụ n'ụra  na ụgbọelu.

=== Ngwá ọrụ ahụike uche ===
CBT nwere ike ịba uru maka ike ọgwụgwụ, gụnyere ME / CFS mana etinyeghị ya na ntuziaka NICE maka ọgwụgwọ ME / C FS. 

=== Ụzọ ndị ọzọ ===

==== Izere okpomọkụ ahụ ====
9Ike ọgwụgwụ na MS na-ejikọkarị na okpomọkụ dị elu nke ahụ. 

==== Ihi ụra ka mma ====
A na-ejikọta imeziwanye ụra na mbelata ike ọgwụgwụ mana ọ bụ naanị na obere ọmụmụ.

==== Ibu ọnụ na-akpaghị aka ====
Nnyocha dị nnọọ obere na 2022 chọpụtara mbelata 40% na nhazi ike ọgwụgwụ mgbe ọnwa atọ nke ibu ọnụ 16:8 intermittent.

==== Mmetụta akwara ====
A na-ekwu na Qigong na Tai chi bara uru iji belata ike ọgwụgwụ, mana ihe akaebe ahụ dị ala.

=== Ụzọ e si emeso ọgwụgwụ ===
Ụfọdụ usoro ahụike na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka ịchịkwa ike ọgwụgwụ ha nke ọma site na mgbanwe àgwà na nnyefe nkà.

== Mgbasawanye ==
Ntuziaka 2023 kwuru na ike ọgwụgwụ dị n'etiti 4.3% na 21.9%. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị elu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị karịa ụmụ nwoke.

Nnyocha e mere na Germany na 2021 chọpụtara na ike ọgwụgwụ bụ isi ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara 10-20% nke ndụmọdụ niile na dọkịta na-ahụ maka nlekọta mbụ.

Nnukwu nnyocha dabere na 2004 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), nyocha ogologo oge nke US ndị okenye dị afọ 51 ma ọ bụ karịa, na nkezi afọ 65, chọpụtara na 33% nke ụmụ nwanyị na 29% nke ụmụ nwoke kọrọ ike ọgwụgwụ onwe ha.

Ike ọgwụgwụ na-anọchite anya nnukwu ibu arọ akụ na ụba ahụike na mkpa a na-egbochighị maka ndị ọrịa na ọha mmadụ.

== Ihe ndị nwere ike ime ka ike gwụ ==

=== Ebumnuche njikwa ihe onwunwe ahụ ===
A na-etinye ike ọgwụgwụ dị ka ọnọdụ bio-psycho-physiological na-egosipụta usoro ahụ dum na njikwa akụ (ike). Ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike ịpụta mgbe ahụ chọrọ igbochi ojiji nke ihe onwunwe (&quot;rationing&quot;) iji jiri ihe onwunwa maka ọgwụgwọ (akụkụ nke omume ọrịa) ma ọ bụ chekwaa ike maka otu ugbu a ma ọ bụ ọdịnihu a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere egwu.

=== Ebumnuche evolushọn ===
A na-akọwa na ike ọgwụgwụ nwere uru o wetara n'mmepe nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, n'ihi na ọ na-enyere ahụ aka idowe ike maka ịgwọ ọrịa—dị ka mgbe usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-arụ ọrụ—sekwa mechie ohere sị na mmadụ na ndị ọzọ na-enwe mmekọrịta, nke na- anya na-egbochi mgbasa nke ọrịa.

 
== Ihe odide ==
 
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Artesunate</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359988275|Artesunate]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;border-spacing:2px;&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title&quot; id=&quot;8&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;International nonproprietary name (INN): &lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Artesunate&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;Artesunate&lt;/span&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Artesunate.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Artesunate_ball-and-stick_model_from_xtal_2002.png|class=bg-transparent|frameless]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ihe ọmụma ahụike
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Nkwupụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |ahr-tez′ŭ-nāt&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;457&quot;&gt;[https://www.drugs.com/dict/artesunate.html &quot;Artesunate definition&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;458&quot;&gt;''Drugs.com''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;459&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223311/https://www.drugs.com/dict/artesunate.html Archived] from the original on 20 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;460&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 December&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;#x20;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Aha azụmahịa]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |ọtụtụ &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.drugs.com/international/artesunate.html &quot;Artesunate&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Aha ndị ọzọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |SM-804, AS
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;www.drugs.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/artesunate.html Akwụkwọ edemede]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Ihe ndekọ ikike]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-name&quot; title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;United States&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;US&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/small&gt; DailyMed: &lt;span title=&quot;dailymed.nlm.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&amp;query=Artesunate Artesunate]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ụzọ nchịkwa&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Site n'ọnụ, intravenous, intramuscular
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Klas ọgwụ ọjọọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Artemisinin
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Koodu ATC
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* P01BF06 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BE03 WHO]&lt;/span&gt;) P01BF02 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF02 WHO]&lt;/span&gt;) P01BF03 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.&amp;#x3C;span&amp;#x20;title=][https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF06 WHO]&lt;/span&gt;.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF04&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;WHO.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF03&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;WHO)) P01BBF04 (WHO) &amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ọnọdụ iwu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ọnọdụ iwu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-&lt;a class=&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;96&quot; href=&quot;./Prescription_drug&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Prescription drug&quot;&gt;Nanị&quot; data-mw='{&quot;attribs&quot;:[[{&quot;txt&quot;:&quot;title&quot;},{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=\&quot;mw:Nowiki\&quot; id=\&quot;mwEg\&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}]]}' title=&quot;Canada&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:ExpandedAttrs&quot;&gt;CA&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/small&gt;: naanị&amp;#x20;
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-name&quot; title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;United States&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;US&lt;/abbr&gt;:&lt;/small&gt;&amp;#x20;Nanị
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-name&quot; title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;European Union&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;EU&lt;/abbr&gt;:&lt;/small&gt; Rx-naanị&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ihe ndị na-eme ka a mata ya
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Nọmba CAS
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;commonchemistry.cas.org&quot;&gt;[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=88495-63-0 88495-63-0]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;commonchemistry.cas.org&quot;&gt;[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=82864-68-4 82864-68-4]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[./PubChem#&amp;#x3C;span&amp;#x20;style= &lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Compound ID&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;CID&lt;/abbr&gt;&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;PubChem&quot;&gt;PubChem] CID
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6917864 6917864]&lt;/span&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44410736 44410736]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ọgwụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.drugbank.ca&quot;&gt;[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB09274 DB09274]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;www.drugbank.ca&quot;&gt;[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DBSALT001279 DBSALT001279]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |ChemSpider
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.chemspider.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5293084.html 5293084]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;www.chemspider.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.23269779.html 23269779]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |UNII
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;precision.fda.gov&quot;&gt;[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/60W3249T9M 60W3249T9M]&lt;/span&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;precision.fda.gov&quot;&gt;[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/CN5E49Z611 CN5E49Z611]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |KEGG
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.kegg.jp&quot;&gt;[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02482 D02482]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |ChEBI
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63918 CHEBI:63918]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |ChEMBL
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL361497 ChEMBL361497]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL207675 ChEMBL207675]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |NIAID ChemDB
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;chemdb.niaid.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/CompoundDetails.aspx?AIDSNO=112081 112081]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |PDB ligand
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* D95 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=D95 PDBe]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span title=&quot;www.rcsb.org&quot;&gt;[https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/D95 RCSB PDB&amp;nbsp;]&lt;/span&gt;) 
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |CompTox Dashboard &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt; (&lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;EPA&lt;/abbr&gt;) &lt;/span&gt; 
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;comptox.epa.gov&quot;&gt;[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3042681 DTXSID3042681][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q707939#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;echa.europa.eu&quot;&gt;ECHA InfoCard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.106.898 100.106.898][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q707939#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ihe omuma kemịkal na nke anụ ahụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Nhazi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Carbon&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;19&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Hydrogen&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;28&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Oxygen&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ọkpụkpụ nke ọkpụkpụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |384,425 g·mol-1&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ihe nlereanya 3D (JSmol) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)&quot;&gt;[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BH%5D%5BC%40%40%5D12CC%5BC%40%40%5D3%28C%29OO%5BC%40%40%5D11%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%5BC%40H%5D2C%29%5BC%40%40H%5D%28C%29%5BC%40H%5D%28OC%28%3DO%29CCC%28O%29%3DO%29O%5BC%40%5D1%28%5BH%5D%29O3 Foto na-emekọrịta ihe]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Udo&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;[H][C@@]12CC[C@@@]3 (C) OO[C@ @]11[C@&quot; ([H]) (CC[C @H]2C) [C@H] (C@H) (OC (=O) CCC (O) =O) O[C@]1 ([H)) O3&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;InChI&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;=1S/C19H28O8/c1-10-4-5-13-11 (2) 16 (23-15 (22) 7-6-14 (20) 21) 24-17-19 (13) 12 (10) 8-9-18 (3,25-17) 26-27-19/h10-13,16-17H,4-9H2,1-3H3, (H,20,21) /t10-,11-,12+,13+,16-,17-,18-,19-/m1/s1 N&lt;/div&gt;
* &lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;Isi: FIHJKUPCHIPAT-AHIGJZGOSA-&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Nobold/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nobold&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; (Gịnị bụ nke a?) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Nobold/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nobold&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&amp;rev1=457818909&amp;page2=Artesunate  (Nnyocha)]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;border-spacing:2px;&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title&quot; id=&quot;8&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;International nonproprietary name (INN): &lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Artesunate&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;Artesunate&lt;/span&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Artesunate.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Artesunate_ball-and-stick_model_from_xtal_2002.png|class=bg-transparent|frameless]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ihe ọmụma ahụike
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Nkwupụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |ahr-tez′ŭ-nāt&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;457&quot;&gt;[https://www.drugs.com/dict/artesunate.html &quot;Artesunate definition&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;458&quot;&gt;''Drugs.com''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;459&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223311/https://www.drugs.com/dict/artesunate.html Archived] from the original on 20 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;460&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 December&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;#x20;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Aha azụmahịa]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |ọtụtụ &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.drugs.com/international/artesunate.html &quot;Artesunate&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Aha ndị ọzọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |SM-804, AS
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;www.drugs.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/artesunate.html Akwụkwọ edemede]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Ihe ndekọ ikike]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-name&quot; title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;United States&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;US&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/small&gt; DailyMed: &lt;span title=&quot;dailymed.nlm.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&amp;query=Artesunate Artesunate]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ụzọ nchịkwa&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Site n'ọnụ, intravenous, intramuscular
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Klas ọgwụ ọjọọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Artemisinin
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Koodu ATC
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* P01BF06 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BE03 WHO]&lt;/span&gt;) P01BF02 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF02 WHO]&lt;/span&gt;) P01BF03 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.&amp;#x3C;span&amp;#x20;title=][https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF06 WHO]&lt;/span&gt;.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF04&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;WHO.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01BF03&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;WHO)) P01BBF04 (WHO) &amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ọnọdụ iwu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ọnọdụ iwu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-&lt;a class=&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;96&quot; href=&quot;./Prescription_drug&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Prescription drug&quot;&gt;Nanị&quot; data-mw='{&quot;attribs&quot;:[[{&quot;txt&quot;:&quot;title&quot;},{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=\&quot;mw:Nowiki\&quot; id=\&quot;mwEg\&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}]]}' title=&quot;Canada&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:ExpandedAttrs&quot;&gt;CA&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/small&gt;: naanị&amp;#x20;
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-name&quot; title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;United States&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;US&lt;/abbr&gt;:&lt;/small&gt;&amp;#x20;Nanị
* &lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;country-name&quot; title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;European Union&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;EU&lt;/abbr&gt;:&lt;/small&gt; Rx-naanị&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ihe ndị na-eme ka a mata ya
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Nọmba CAS
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;commonchemistry.cas.org&quot;&gt;[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=88495-63-0 88495-63-0]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;commonchemistry.cas.org&quot;&gt;[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=82864-68-4 82864-68-4]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |[./PubChem#&amp;#x3C;span&amp;#x20;style= &lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Compound ID&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;CID&lt;/abbr&gt;&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;PubChem&quot;&gt;PubChem] CID
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6917864 6917864]&lt;/span&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44410736 44410736]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ọgwụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.drugbank.ca&quot;&gt;[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB09274 DB09274]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;www.drugbank.ca&quot;&gt;[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DBSALT001279 DBSALT001279]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |ChemSpider
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.chemspider.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5293084.html 5293084]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;www.chemspider.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.23269779.html 23269779]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |UNII
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;precision.fda.gov&quot;&gt;[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/60W3249T9M 60W3249T9M]&lt;/span&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;precision.fda.gov&quot;&gt;[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/CN5E49Z611 CN5E49Z611]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |KEGG
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.kegg.jp&quot;&gt;[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02482 D02482]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |ChEBI
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63918 CHEBI:63918]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |ChEMBL
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL361497 ChEMBL361497]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
* dị ka nnu: &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL207675 ChEMBL207675]&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |NIAID ChemDB
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;chemdb.niaid.nih.gov&quot;&gt;[https://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/CompoundDetails.aspx?AIDSNO=112081 112081]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |PDB ligand
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* D95 (&lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=D95 PDBe]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span title=&quot;www.rcsb.org&quot;&gt;[https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/D95 RCSB PDB&amp;nbsp;]&lt;/span&gt;) 
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |CompTox Dashboard &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt; (&lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;EPA&lt;/abbr&gt;) &lt;/span&gt; 
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;comptox.epa.gov&quot;&gt;[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3042681 DTXSID3042681][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q707939#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;echa.europa.eu&quot;&gt;ECHA InfoCard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.106.898 100.106.898][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q707939#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd;color:inherit;&quot; |Ihe omuma kemịkal na nke anụ ahụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Nhazi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Carbon&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;19&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Hydrogen&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;28&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Oxygen&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ọkpụkpụ nke ọkpụkpụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |384,425 g·mol-1&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot; |Ihe nlereanya 3D (JSmol) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* &lt;span title=&quot;chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)&quot;&gt;[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BH%5D%5BC%40%40%5D12CC%5BC%40%40%5D3%28C%29OO%5BC%40%40%5D11%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%5BC%40H%5D2C%29%5BC%40%40H%5D%28C%29%5BC%40H%5D%28OC%28%3DO%29CCC%28O%29%3DO%29O%5BC%40%5D1%28%5BH%5D%29O3 Foto na-emekọrịta ihe]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Udo&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;[H][C@@]12CC[C@@@]3 (C) OO[C@ @]11[C@&quot; ([H]) (CC[C @H]2C) [C@H] (C@H) (OC (=O) CCC (O) =O) O[C@]1 ([H)) O3&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;InChI&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;=1S/C19H28O8/c1-10-4-5-13-11 (2) 16 (23-15 (22) 7-6-14 (20) 21) 24-17-19 (13) 12 (10) 8-9-18 (3,25-17) 26-27-19/h10-13,16-17H,4-9H2,1-3H3, (H,20,21) /t10-,11-,12+,13+,16-,17-,18-,19-/m1/s1 N&lt;/div&gt;
* &lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;Isi: FIHJKUPCHIPAT-AHIGJZGOSA-&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Nobold/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nobold&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;[[Faịlụ:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=X mark|8x8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; (Gịnị bụ nke a?) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Nobold/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nobold&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&amp;rev1=457818909&amp;page2=Artesunate  (Nnyocha)]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|}
'''Artesunate''' bụ [[Medication|ọgwụ]] a na-eji agwọ [[Iba|ịba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|title=Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States|publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|accessdate=28 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044719/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|archivedate=29 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2013&quot; /&gt; A na-ahọrọ ụdị intravenous karịa quinine maka oke ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2012&quot; /&gt; A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka akụkụ nke ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta, dị ka artesunate gbakwunyere mefloquine.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2013&quot; /&gt; A naghị eji ya eme ihe maka igbochi ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2013&quot; /&gt; Enwere ike inye Artesunate site na ịgba ọgwụ n'ime akwara, ịgba ọgwụ n&quot;ime uru ahụ, site n'ọnụ, na site na eriri afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Artesunate|url=http://apps.who.int/prequal/WHOPAR/WHOPARPRODUCTS/MA044part3v1.pdf|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=7 December 2016|date=March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228164417/http://apps.who.int/prequal/WHOPAR/WHOPARPRODUCTS/MA044part3v1.pdf|archivedate=28 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artesunate for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=17|pages=1829–1836|date=April 2008|pmid=18434652|doi=10.1056/NEJMct0709050}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmetụta ndị a na-ahụkarị na-agụnye nkụchi akụrụ nke chọrọ dialysis, Hemoglobinuria (ọnụnọ nke hemoglobin na mamịrị) na jaundice.

A na-anabata artesunate nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artesunate for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=17|pages=1829–1836|date=April 2008|pmid=18434652|doi=10.1056/NEJMct0709050}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmetụta ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgụnye ịkụ obi nwayọ, mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma, isi ọwụwa, na obere mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Artesunate|url=http://apps.who.int/prequal/WHOPAR/WHOPARPRODUCTS/MA044part3v1.pdf|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=7 December 2016|date=March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228164417/http://apps.who.int/prequal/WHOPAR/WHOPARPRODUCTS/MA044part3v1.pdf|archivedate=28 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'[[Afọ ime|ime ime]], o yiri ka ọ bụ nhọrọ dị nchebe karị, ọ bụ ezie na ọmụmụ anụmanụ ahụla mmerụ ahụ nye nwa ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Treating severe malaria in pregnancy: a review of the evidence|journal=Drug Safety|volume=38|issue=2|pages=165–181|date=February 2015|pmid=25556421|doi=10.1007/s40264-014-0261-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yikarịrị ka ojiji ya dị mma n'oge [[Ị chu ara|inye nwa ara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Artesunate use while Breastfeeding {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/artesunate.html|work=www.drugs.com|accessdate=7 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220222313/https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/artesunate.html|archivedate=20 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dị na klas ọgwụ artemisinin.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|title=Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States|publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|accessdate=28 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044719/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|archivedate=29 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ Liu Xu mepụtara Artesunate na 1977. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuxjDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA20|title=Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials: Detailed Account of Studies by Chinese Scientists Who Discovered and Developed Them|date=28 November 2017|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-813211-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dị na Ndepụta Ọgwụ Ndị Dị Mkpa nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kwadoro ya maka oijiji ahụike na United States na Mee afọ 2020.  Ọ dị na klas nke ọgwụ ndị a maara dị ka artemisinins, nke sitere na &quot;qinghao&quot;, ma ọ bụ Osisi wormwood na-atọ ụtọ (''Artemisia annua'').  &lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|title=Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States|publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|accessdate=28 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044719/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|archivedate=29 October 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html &quot;Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ojiji nke ọgwụ ==
Artesunate bụ ọgwụ mbụ a na eji agwọ ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị okenye nwere oke ịba, &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Malaria&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for treatment of malaria|series=WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|date=April 2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|edition=3rd|location=Geneva|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Treatment of Malaria: Guidelines For Clinicians (United States)|work=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|date=8 February 2009|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/clinicians1.html|accessdate=30 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-ejikọta ya na ọgwụ ọzọ na-egbochi ịba. E nwere ihe akaebe dị mma na ọgwụgwọ na artesunate gbakwunyere mefloquine dị elu karịa ọgwụgwọ na artsunate gbakọrọ amodiaquine ma ọ bụ artesunate tinyere sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy and safety of artesunate-mefloquine therapy for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=110|issue=11|pages=626–636|date=November 2016|pmid=28039388|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trw077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike iji ọgwụgwọ jikọtara Artemisinin mee ihe site n'ọnụ na ndị nwere ike ịnagide ya mgbe awa 24 gasịrị site na ịgba ọgwụ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (March 2022)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A na-ahọrọ Artesunate karịa parenteral quinine maka ọgwụgwọ ọtụtụ ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|title=Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States|publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|accessdate=28 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044719/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|archivedate=29 October 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html &quot;Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E gosipụtara na Artesunate kaegbochi ọnwụ site na oke ịba karịa quinine na nnukwu nnwale abụọ achịkwara site na mbaAfrica  na Eshia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial|journal=Lancet|volume=376|issue=9753|pages=1647–1657|date=November 2010|pmid=21062666|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61924-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial|journal=Lancet|volume=366|issue=9487|pages=717–725|year=2005|pmid=16125588|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67176-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha usoro nke nnwale asaa a na-achịkwa na mberede chọpụtara na ọganihu a na ọnụego ndị dị ndụ na-agbanweghi agbanwe n'ofe nnwale niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|date=June 2012|pmid=22696354|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005967.pub4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ịdị irè nke Artesunate yiri nke [[artemether]], ọgwụ artemisinin ọzọ, n'ịgwọ ndị okenye maka nnukwu ịba  ''Plasmodium falciparum'' kpatara, ọ bụ ezie na artesunate na-ewepụkwa nje ndị na akpata ọrịa na mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Randomized controlled trial of artesunate or artemether in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=9|issue=1|date=April 2010|pmid=20398339|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-9-97}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọgwụ jikọtara artesunate nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa ọgwụ ndị dabeere na artemether n'ihe gbasara ụzọ ọ na-ewepụta na ụzọ nchịkwa ya ma nwee ike ịdị irè karị n'ịgwọ ịba siri ike na nke dị mgbagwoju anya n'ime ụmụaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artesunate: The Best Drug in the Treatment of Severe and Complicated Malaria|journal=Pharmaceuticals|volume=3|issue=7|pages=2322–2332|date=July 2010|pmid=27713355|doi=10.3390/ph3072322}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ejikwa Artesunate agwọ ụdị ịba na-adịghị njọ nke ukwuu mgbe enwere ike ijiya mee ihe site  n'ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Malaria&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for treatment of malaria|series=WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|date=April 2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|edition=3rd|location=Geneva|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/ ''Guidelines for treatment of malaria'']. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ megide ''P. oval&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwxQ&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'', P. malariae, na ''[[Plasmodium knowlesi|P. knowlesi&amp;nbsp;]]'' siri ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Malaria&quot; /&gt;

Artesunate + sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine maka ọgwụgwọ nke ''P. vivax&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mw1A&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' anaghị akwado ya aro ya n'ihi oke  ọgụ nguzogide.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikari artesunate agwọ oria ịba, enwere ihe akaebe ụfọdụ na ọ nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta bara uru na ọrịa ''Schistosoma haematobium'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Antischistosomal efficacy of artesunate combination therapies administered as curative treatments for malaria attacks|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=101|issue=2|pages=113–116|date=February 2007|pmid=16765398|doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.03.003|url=https://hal.ird.fr/ird-00177064/file/Boulanger_artesunate_2007.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana enyochabeghị ya na ọtụtụ nnwale ndị a na enweghi usoro nhazi.

A na-eji Artesunate eme ihe dị ka ọgwụgwọ nke kachasi oke maka ịba siri ike na World Health Organization (WHO) karịa quinine.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|title=Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States|publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|accessdate=28 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044719/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html|archivedate=29 October 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/artesunate.html &quot;Intravenous Artesunate for Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Malaria&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for treatment of malaria|series=WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|date=April 2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|edition=3rd|location=Geneva|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/ ''Guidelines for treatment of malaria'']. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ime ===
Mgbe e nyere ya na oge nke  abụọ ma ọ bụ nke atọ nke ime, edekọbeghi ihe ojoo obula metụtara ime nke sitere n'ihi artesunate eme ihe. Otú ọ dị, e nweghị  akaebe zuru oke gbasara nchekwa nke iji ọgwụ artesunate na nkeji atọ nke ime. WHO na-atụ aro na iji artesunate eme ihe maka oke ịba n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ kwesịrị ịdabere na ihe ize ndụ nke onye ọ bụla na uru. Ọ bụrụ na enweghi uzo ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ dị irè, enwere ike iji artesunate mee ihe.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ụmụaka ===
Artesunate dị mma maka iji ya gwọ oria  na ahụ ụmụaka. Artesunate + sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine kwesịrị izere na ụmụ ọhụrụ n'ihi mmetụta sulfadoxin / pyrmethamine na bilirubin.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Malaria&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for treatment of malaria|series=WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|date=April 2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|edition=3rd|location=Geneva|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294440/ ''Guidelines for treatment of malaria'']. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A ga enye ụmụaka na erubeghi kilogram 20 nwere oke iba ọgwu artesunate a na-agbanye n'ahụ n'ogo dị elu karịa nke ndị okenye iji mee ka ọgwụ ahụ banye na ahụ ha nke oma.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Malaria&quot; /&gt; &amp;nbsp;Mgbe enweghị ike inye artesunate site n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ intramuscular n'ihi adịghị ike ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ilo, enwere ike inye nchịkwa eriri afọ dị ka ọgwụgwọ tupu a na-enye ya ma ọ bụrụhaala na a malitere nchịkwa nne na nna mgbe a gafere ya na ụlọ ọrụ dị elu.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Mmetụta ọjọọ ==
Artesunate nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta siri ike gụnyere hemolytic anemia (ọnọdụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na-ebibi), na mmeghachi omume nfukasi ahụ siri ike.

A-na ewere Artesunate dịka ihe na adịghị emeru ahụ ma na adabara ahụ nke ọma. Usoro ndị dabeere na Artesunate nwere ike ọ gaghị akpata ịgbọ agbọ na tinnitus karịa quinine tinyere ọgwụ nje na-egbochi ịba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Should we abandon quinine plus antibiotic for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials|journal=Parasitology Research|volume=115|issue=3|pages=903–912|date=March 2016|pmid=26661109|doi=10.1007/s00436-015-4842-z}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmetụta ọjọọ a ma ama nke artemisinins bụ na ha na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ reticulocyte.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Effects of artemisinins on reticulocyte count and relationship to possible embryotoxicity in confirmed and unconfirmed malarial patients|journal=Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology|volume=94|issue=2|pages=61–75|date=February 2012|pmid=22125126|doi=10.1002/bdra.22868}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a anaghị adịkarị mkpa na ihe gbasara nlekọta ahụike.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Site n'iji I.V. artesunate eme ihe, enwere akụkọ banyere haemolysis na-egbu oge (PADH). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Post-artesunate delayed haemolysis ‒ report of four cases and review of the literature|journal=[[Swiss Medical Weekly]]|volume=145|issue=4546|pages=w14181|year=2015|pmid=26524733|doi=10.4414/smw.2015.14181}}&lt;/ref&gt; A hụla ọnọdụ mgbawa mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na eme na oge na egbu oge ,(ihe dịka izu abụọ ka emechara ọgwụgwọ) n'ahụ ndị ejị ọgwụ artesunate gwọọ maka oke iba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Delayed hemolysis after treatment with parenteral artesunate in African children with severe malaria--a double-center prospective study|journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=209|issue=12|pages=1921–1928|date=June 2014|pmid=24376273|doi=10.1093/infdis/jit841}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe mgbochi ==
Artesunate bụkari  ọgwụ ahụ na-anabata nke ọma. Ihe mgbochi ndị a ma ama gụnyere mmeghachi omume siri ike na artesunate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Intravenous artesunate for the treatment of severe malaria|journal=The Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=44|issue=7–8|pages=1250–1258|date=1 January 2010|pmid=20551300|doi=10.1345/aph.1M732|url=https://works.bepress.com/goad/3/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọgwụ ndị ekwesiri izere maka  mgbe a na-eji artesunate eme ihe  bụ ndị egbochi enzyme imeju CYP2A6. Ọgwụ ndị a gụnyere amiodarone, desipramine, isoniazid, ketoconazole, letrozole, methoxsalen na tranylcypromine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/research/en/data/sanofi/marketed_products/Artesunate_and_Amodiquine.pdf|title=Artesunate Amodiaquine Winthrop (artesunate, amodiaquine) [summary of product characteristics]|publisher=Sanofi-Aventis|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024090154/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/research/en/data/sanofi/marketed_products/Artesunate_and_Amodiquine.pdf|archivedate=24 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro nke ime ihe ==
Usoro ọrụ nke artesunate ka bụ ihe a na-aghotaghi nke ọma ma bụrụ kwa ihe ana-arụrịta ụka. Artesunate bụ ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ nke a na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ ụdị dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Usoro a na-agụnye hydrolysis nke 4-carbon ester group site na plasma esterase enzyme.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cui2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Discovery, mechanisms of action and combination therapy of artemisinin|journal=Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy|volume=7|issue=8|pages=999–1013|date=October 2009|pmid=19803708|doi=10.1586/eri.09.68}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na nkewa nke endoperoxide bridge na pharmacophore nke DHA na-emepụta Ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS), nke na-eme ka nrụgide oxidative dịkwuo elu ma na-akpata mmebi protein ịba site na alkylation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cui2009&quot; /&gt; Na mgbakwunye, Artesunate na-egbochi ''Plasmodium falciparum'' mbupụ protein 1 (EXP1), membrane glutathione S-transferase.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Supergenomic network compression and the discovery of EXP1 as a glutathione transferase inhibited by artesunate|journal=Cell|volume=158|issue=4|pages=916–928|date=August 2014|pmid=25126794|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ glutathione na nje ahụ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'afọ 2016, egosila na artemisinin na-ejikọta ya na ọtụtụ ebe dị icheiche nke na egosi na ọ na arụ ọrụ na ụzọ ihe na-emetụta ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Haem-activated promiscuous targeting of artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum|journal=Nature Communications|volume=6|date=December 2015|pmid=26694030|doi=10.1038/ncomms10111}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwere ihe akaebe na-atụ aro na DHA na-egbochi calcium-dependent ATPase na endoplasmic membrane, nke na-emebi protein folding nke parasites.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cui2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Discovery, mechanisms of action and combination therapy of artemisinin|journal=Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy|volume=7|issue=8|pages=999–1013|date=October 2009|pmid=19803708|doi=10.1586/eri.09.68}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCuiSu2009&quot;&gt;Cui L, Su XZ (October 2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọwọkwa na aga egbu so ya agha tubulin, na-akwado polymerization ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=NanoDSF Screening for Anti-tubulin Agents Uncovers New Structure–Activity Insights|journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry|date=2025|volume=68|issue=16|pages=17485–17498|doi=10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01008|pmid=40815226}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọgwụ ọgwụ ==
N'ime ndị butere ọrịa, ọkara ndụ nke artesunate bụ ihe dịka awa 0.22. Mkpụrụ ndụ ya na-arụ ọrụ, DHA, nwere ọkara ndụ dịtụ ogologo nke 0.34 awa. N'ozuzu, nkezi ọkara ndụ dị site na 0.5 ruo 1.5 awa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morris2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review of the clinical pharmacokinetics of artesunate and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin following intravenous, intramuscular, oral or rectal administration|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=10|date=September 2011|pmid=21914160|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-10-263}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi obere ọkara ndụ ya, ojiji ya na mgbochi ịba pere mpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cui2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Discovery, mechanisms of action and combination therapy of artemisinin|journal=Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy|volume=7|issue=8|pages=999–1013|date=October 2009|pmid=19803708|doi=10.1586/eri.09.68}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCuiSu2009&quot;&gt;Cui L, Su XZ (October 2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

DHA na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ metabolite na-adịghị arụ ọrụ site na enzymu imeju CYP2B6, CYP2C19, na CYP3A4. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Intravenous artesunate for the treatment of severe malaria|journal=The Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=44|issue=7–8|pages=1250–1258|date=1 July 2010|pmid=20551300|doi=10.1345/aph.1M732|url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pharmacy_articles/4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngwakọta kemịkal ==
A na-eme Artesunate site na dihydroartemisinin (DHA) site na ime ka ọ na succinic acid anhydride na emekorita ihe  ihe n'ime gburugburu nwere agwa. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ole na ole sitere na artemisinin nke na-agbaze na mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morris2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review of the clinical pharmacokinetics of artesunate and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin following intravenous, intramuscular, oral or rectal administration|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=10|date=September 2011|pmid=21914160|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-10-263}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMorrisDuparcBorghini-FuhrerJung2011&quot;&gt;Morris CA, Duparc S, Borghini-Fuhrer I, Jung D, Shin CS, Fleckenstein L (September 2011). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicals/chemical-properties/artesunate.html|title=World of Chemicals – online chemical directory, chemistry portal, articles, news|work=www.worldofchemicals.com|accessdate=10 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110114544/http://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicals/chemical-properties/artesunate.html|archivedate=10 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
A na-amụ Artesunate maka ọgwụgwọ nke COVID-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Repurposing Antimalarials to Tackle the COVID-19 Pandemic|journal=Trends in Parasitology|volume=37|issue=1|pages=8–11|date=January 2021|pmid=33153922|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.003|authorlink=Sanjeev Krishna}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2020, a kwadoro artesunate maka ojiji ike nke mba United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Drug Approval Package: Artesunate|work=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|date=25 June 2020|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/213036Orig1s000TOC.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001140650/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/213036Orig1s000TOC.cfm|archivedate=1 October 2020|accessdate=24 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu nkwenye a, intravenous (IV) artesunate dị naanị site na mmemme Expanded Access nke US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), nke nyere ohere ka Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) nye ndị nọ na US na-arịa ọrịa ịba siri ike na ndị na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya na-enweghị ike ịṅụ ọgwụ n'okpuru usoro nyocha ọhụrụ (IND). &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR&quot; /&gt; Enweghị ọgwụ FDA kwadoro maka ịgwọ oke ịba na United States kemgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị ahịa quinidine na Machị afọ 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR&quot; /&gt;

A tụlere  nchekwa na ịdị mma  nke IV artesunate maka ọgwụgwọ nke ịba siri ike na nwalee na achikwaghi nke ọma na Eshia (Nlegharị anya 1) na nnwale na-akwado randomized na-achịkwa na Africa (Nlebi anya 2).  E mere ikpe 1 na ebe 10 na Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, na Indonesia. &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA snapshot&quot; /&gt;

Ule 1 debanyere aha 1,461 ndị sonyere natara ma ọ bụ IV artesunate ma ọ bụ ọgwụ quinine ma gụnyere ịrị abụọ na abụọ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ iri na ise. Ule nke abụọ gụnyere ndị na-eme egwuregwu ụmụaka 5,425 na-erubeghị afọ iri na ise na-arịa oke ịba bụ ndị e ji artesunate ma ọ bụ quinine gwọọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR&quot; /&gt; N'ime nnwale abụọ ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị sonyere na-agwọ ndị nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị ala karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ n&quot;òtù nchịkwa a gwọrọ na quinine.&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR&quot; /&gt; E mere ikpe nke abụọ n'afọ 2005-2010 na mba itoolu dị n'Afrịka.  E mere ikpe nke atọ, Trial 3, n'oge 2007-2008 na Gabon na Malawi. &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA snapshot&quot; /&gt;

Na Trial 1, mmeghachi omume ọjọọ kachasị n'etiti ndị sonyere na ịba na-agwọ site na IV artesunate bụ nkụchi akụrụ siri ike nke chọrọ dialysis, hemoglobinuria na jaundice. Profaịlụ nchekwa na Trial 2 yiri nke Trial 1 . &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR&quot; /&gt;

E ji otu nnwale nyochaa ma, nchekwa na uru nke artesunate. Ule ahụ debanyere aha ndị sonyere na-arịa oke ịba bụ ndị chọrọ ụlọ ọgwụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA snapshot&quot; /&gt; Ndị sonyere natara ma ọ bụ artesunate ma ọ bụ ọgwụ eji agwọ ịba (quinine). &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA snapshot&quot; /&gt; Ndị sonyere na ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike maara ọgwụgwọ a na-enye.&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA snapshot&quot; /&gt;

A tụlere uru nke artesunate ma e jiri ya tụnyere quinine site n'iji ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị sonyere nwụrụ mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ (ọnwụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ). 

Uru nke artesunate kwadoro site na data sitere na nwale abụọ nke ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ iri na ise na-arịa oke ịba na-enye ọgwụgwọ na-enweghị isi na artesunate ma ọ bụ quinine.

E nyere akwụkwọ maka IV artesunate nyocha kachasị mkpa na aha ọgwụ na-enweghị nne na nna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Artesunate Orphan Drug Designation and Approval|work=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|date=5 September 2017|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=598517|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726092511/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=598517|archivedate=26 July 2020|accessdate=27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; FDA nyere nkwado nke artesunate maka ọgwụ Amivas.&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368256903|Antimalarial medication]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AshleyPhyo2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ashley|first=Elizabeth A.|title=Drugs in Development for Malaria|journal=Drugs|date=25 May 2018|volume=78|issue=9|pages=861–879|doi=10.1007/s40265-018-0911-9|pmid=29802605}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-0737-9.00089-8|chapter=Drug Toxicity of the Posterior Segment|title=Retina|year=2013|author=Mittra|first=Robert A.|pages=1532–1554|isbn=978-1-4557-0737-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/malaria/mpac/mpac-october2019-session7-updating-G6PD-classification.pdf|title=Updating the WHO G6PD classification of variants and the International Classification of Diseases|date=2019|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi ịba ma ọ bụ naanị ọgwụ ndị na-emegide ịba bụ ụdị kemịkal ndị na-egbu nje, nke a na-esikarị n'okike, nke a nwere ike iji gwọọ ma ọ bụ gbochie ịba, n'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ìgwè abụọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa, ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ, gụnyere maka oke ịba, na-aga n'ihu na-adabere na ọgwụgwọ sitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ọgwụ quinine na Artesunate, mmepe nke ọgwụ na-eguzogide na nje ahụ emeela ka mmepe ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ịba.[4] Ọ bụ ezie na a hụla ọgwụ mgbochi ịba ugboro ugboro iji mee ka nje ịba na-eguzogide - gụnyere maka ọgwụgwọ njikọta nke gosipụtara artemisinin, ebe a hụla na ọ na-egbochi na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ọgwụgwọ njikọtara Artemisinin (ACTs) anọgidewo na-abụ ọgwụgwọ ntọala maka ịba falciparum n'ụwa niile ka ọ dị na 2024 . [5][6] A na-atụ anya na ọnụọgụ na mgbasa nke ọrịa ahụ (&quot;ibu ọrụ ịba&quot;) ga-anọgide na-adị elu, n'ụwa niile, ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-abịa. N'agbanyeghị nsonaazụ dị mma site na ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke oge a, a hụla mmetụta ndị siri ike na-emetụta ụfọdụ ndị na-aṅụ ọgwụ dị mma (dịka, retinopathy na chloroquine, oke ọbara na tafenoquine).

&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ọ bara uru ịtụle ọgwụ mgbochi ịba site na usoro kemịkal ebe ọ bụ na nke a na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ọgwụ ọ bụla, dị ka usoro ọrụ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;


Usoro a na-eji enye ọgwụ quinine dị mgbagwoju anya sịne na ọ na-adabere n'ọnụọgụ nje dị n'ahụ na ebumnuche e ji enye ya, ma ọ bụ maka ịgwọ oke ịba ma ọ bụ maka igbochi ya. Dị ka ntuziaka World Health Organization (WHO) si dị, a na-amalite ọgwụgwọ site n'inye milligrams 20 n'arọ mee mgbe a na-amalite, gaa n'ihu site n'inye milligrams 10 n'arọ kwa awa asatọ ruo ụbọchị ise n'ebe ndị nje ịba na-anabata quinine, gbakwunyere ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dị ka doxycycline, tetracycline, ma ọ bụ clindamycin. A nwere ike iji ọnụ ṅụọ ọgwụ a, ma ọ bụ tuo ya n'akwara (IM) ma ọ bụ n'ahịrị ọbara (IV), ebe ụzọ a ga-esi nye ya na-adabere n'otu nsogbu ahụ siri dị n'oge ahụ na ngwa ọrụ ahụike dị nso, dị ka agịga e merere ka ha ghara inwe nje.


Quinimax na quinidine bụ alkaloids abụọ metụtara quinine nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịgwọ ma ọ bụ n'igbochi ịba. Quinimax bụ ngwakọta nke alkaloids anọ sitere na *cinchona*—ya bụ quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, na cinchonidine—nke nyocha müro gosiri na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa quinine n'ihi otu ihe ndị a siri na-akwado ibe ha n'ahụ. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, quinidine bụ diastereoisomer nke quinine nwere njirimara gbochiri ịba yiri nke quinine n'onwe ya, mana naanị maka ịgwọ oke ịba siri ike ka a na-atụ aro ka e jiri ya mee ihe.


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=== Hydroxychloroquine ===
A nwetara Hydroxychloroquine na 1950s site na ịgbakwunye otu hydroxy na chloroquine dị ugbu a, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma karịa chloroquin n'onwe ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-quinine-idUSKBN2370R9#:~:text=Hydroxychloroquine%2C%20developed%20in%20the%201950s%20from%20chloroquine%2C%20an,such%20as%20Plaquenil%2C%20Quensyl%20and%20Plaquinol.%20French%20|title=Fact check: Hydroxychloroquine is not the same as quinine and can't be made at home|work=Reuters|date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010027150A2/en|title=New preparation of hydroxychloroquine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104230803A/en|title=Preparation method of hydroxychloroquine sulfate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amodiaquin ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Amodiaquine bụ ọgwụ na-agwọ ịba n'okpuru ezinụlọ 4-aminoquinoline, nke nhazi na ụzọ ọrụ ya yiri nke chloroquine siri ike. Uru ukwu ya bụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ebe nje ịba nupụrụ chloroquine isi, ma na-adịkwazi mma n'ahụ ndị ọrịa n'ihi na ọ na-ebute obere ọkọ karịa chloroquine.


.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;A na-enye ọgwụ a n'agbata milligram 25 n'arọ ruo milligram 35 n'arọ gbasara ụbọchị atọ n'usoro n'ụzọ yiri nke a sị na a na-enye chloroquine. Mmetụta ya na-adịkarị ka nke chloroquine, mana ọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa mgbu obi na-agbada na mberede (bradycardia), ọnya, ọgbụgbọ, agbọ, na ahụ erughị ala n'afọ, gbakwunyere na ọ na-ebute obere nsogbu n'ọbara na n'imeju n'ahụ ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa.

=== Pyrimethamine ===
Pyrimethamine bụ ọgwụ na-agwọ ịba dị mfe, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe a jikọtara ya na sulfadoxine iji gbuo nje P. falciparum nke nupụrụ chloroquine isi. Ọ na-akwụsị nsochi na mmụba nke nje ịba n'ọbara site n'igbochi kemịkal dihydrofolate reductase ka nje ahụ ghara inwe ike mepụta DNA ma ọ bụ mụbaa mkpụrụ ndụ ọhụrụ. N'ihi nke a, ọ bụ naanị n'akụkụ ọgwụ sulfonamide ka a na-eji ya eme ihe taa iji mebie schizonts na-ebibi ọbara.

=== Proguanil ===
Proguanil (chloroguanide) bụ ọgwụ biguanide sitere na pyrimidine nke ndị nchọpụta Britain mepụtara n'afọ 1945. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ kachasị mgbe ahụ gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ cycloguanil na-egbochi enzyme dihydrofolate reductase nke nje ịba, nke na-aṅa ntị n'ịlụso isi anụ ahụ *P. falciparum*, *P. vivax*, na *P. ovale* ọgụ. Ebe ọ na-enweghị ike ịlụso hypnozoites ọgụ, e nweghị ike iji ya gbochie ịba ịlọghachi azụ, ebe ọrụ ya na-adịghị mma na schizonts nke ọbara mekwara ka ọ gaa adị mma maka ịgwọ oke ịba siri ike. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'igbochi ịba mgbe a jikọtara ya na atovaquone ma ọ bụ chloroquine (n'ebe nje ahụ na-anabata chloroquine). A na-atụ aro ka ndị okenye na-aṅụ ihe dị ka milligram 200 kwa ụbọchị (3 mg n'arọ), ebe skedulu nke inye ọkara ọgwụ ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị na-eme ka ọgwụ ahụ ka mma n'ọbara iji nọgide na-echebe ahụ. Njikọ proguanil na chloroquine anaghị echebe ahụ megide *P. falciparum* nupụrụ ọgwụ isi, ma nọrọ na-enwe obere mmetụta dị ka ntutu ịdapa ma ọ bụ ọnyá ọnụ n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. A na-ere ụdị Proguanil hydrochloride ya n'okpuru aha Paludrine site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ AstraZeneca.

=== Sulfonamides ===
Sulfadoxine na sulfamethoxypyridazine na-alụso nje ịba ọgụ site n'iṅomi PABA na nsochi enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, nke na-emebi ikike nje ahụ nwere ime dihydrofolic acid n'oge ọ nọ n'agba schizont n'ọbara. Ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụ sulfonamide sọọsọ ha enweghị ike ịgwọ ịba nke ọma, a na-ejikọkarị ha na pyrimethamine (dị ka n'ọgwụ Fansidar) iji mepụta ngwakọta dị ike pụrụ igbu nje ịba nwere ike ịnwụ n'ọgwụ.

A naghị atụ aro sulfonamides maka chemoprophylaxis n'ihi mmeghachi omume akpụkpọ ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe ma sie ike. Otú ọ dị, a na-eji ya eme ihe ugboro ugboro maka ọrịa ahụ.


=== Atovaquone ===
ovaquonet&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;A na-ejikọta ọgwụ atovaquone na proguanil n'okpuru aha Malarone, nke ka Lariam ọnụ ahịa mana ọ bụ ihe ama ama nke ndị na-eme njem na-eji egbochi ịba ma ọ bụ nke a na-eji agwọ ịba falciparum n'obodo ndị mepere emepe. Na mgbakwunye, e nwekwara ụdị mmiri a na-aṅụ n'ọnụ nke ọgwụ a nke a na-ere n'okpuru aha Mepron.

=== Primaquine ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Primaquine bụ ọgwụ 8-aminoquinolone dị ike pụrụ iche n'ihi na ọ na-agwọ ma oke ịba na-alụ ọgụ n'ọbara (merozoites na gametocytes) ma na-ebibikwa ụdị nje P. vivax na P. ovale na-ehi ụra n'ime imeju (hypnozoites) iji gbochie ịba ịlọghachi azụ. Agbanyeghị na a ghọtachaghị ụzọ ọ na-agbaso arụ ọrụ, a na-eche na ọ na-emebi ikike nje ịba nwere iji ikuku oxygen mee ihe, ma nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe a na-ejikọta na methylene blue.

=== Artemisinin and derivatives ===
Artemisinin (qinghaosu) bụ kemịkalụ a na-eji agwọ ahụ ọkụ kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 1,000. O sitere n’osisi Artemisia annua. Ihe ndekọ mbụ banyere iji osisi a nke ọma agwọ ịba pụtara n’afọ 340 AD, mgbe Ge Hong kọwara ya n’akwụkwọ ya Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang (A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies). Ge Hong ji usoro maceration dị mfe wepụta ihe ahụ, nke bụkwa otu n’ime usoro a ka na-eji eme ihe taa. A chọpụtara ihe na-arụ ọrụ n’osisi ahụ n’afọ 1971, ma kpọọ ya artemisinin.

*

=== Halofantrine ===
Halofantrine (dị ka Halfan) bụ ọgwụ na-agwọ ịba nke mepụtara n'afọ ndị 1960 ma nwee njikọ na quinine. Ọ na-ebibi ụdị nje Plasmodium niile dị n'ọbara site n'ịkpata mmebi n'akpụkpọ nje ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-agwọ ịba nke nupụrụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ isi, a naghị ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihi ọnụ ahịa pụrụ iche ya, iwu siri ike nke gọọmentị, na ihe nke na ọ nwere ike imebi obi mmadụ ma na-esiri ahụ ike amịrị n'otu usoro. Otú ọ dị, ọ ka bara uru maka ịgwọ oke ịba siri ike n'ahụ ndị na-enweghị nsogbu obi.

A na-adụ ọdụ ka a nye ọgwụ 8 mg / kg nke halofantrine na ọgwụ atọ n'ime awa isii maka oge nke ihe omume ahụike. &amp;nbsp;A naghị atụ aro ya maka ụmụaka na-erubeghị kilogram 10 n'agbanyeghị data na-akwado ojiji ma na-egosi na a na-anabata ya nke ọma. &amp;nbsp;Mmetụta ndị na-emetụtakarị na-agụnye agbọ onunu, ihe mgbu afọ, afọ ọsịsa, na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. A na-ahụ nnukwu ventricular dysrhythmias, mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata ọnwụ mgbe a na-enye ya nnukwu ọgwụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi ogologo oge nke QTc. A naghị atụ aro Halofantrine maka iji ya mee ihe n'oge ime na inye nwa ara, n'ime ụmụaka, ma ọ bụ n'ime ndị ọrịa ṅụrụ mefloquine n'oge gara aga.

=== Lumefantrine ===
[[Lumefantrine]] bụ onye ikwu nke halofantrine nke a na-eji eme ihe na ngwakọta ụfọdụ nke usoro mgbochi ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid9449273&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Randomized comparison of artemether-benflumetol and artesunate-mefloquine in treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=42|issue=1|pages=135–9|date=January 1998|pmid=9449273|doi=10.1128/AAC.42.1.135}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Doxycycline ===
O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị na-alụso ịba ọgụ, n'ihi ịdị irè na ọnụ ala ya, doxycycline bụ tetracycline compound nke sitere na oxytetracycline. Tetracyclines bụ otu n'ime ìgwè ndị mbụ nke ọgwụ nje a mepụtara ma ka na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka nje bacteria kwụsị usoro nke protein synthesis site na ijikọta na 30S ribosomal subunit si otú a gbochie 50s na 30s nkeji ijikọta. A na-eji Doxycycline eme ihe maka [[Malaria prophylaxis|chemoprophylaxis]] n'ebe chloroquine na-eguzogide. A pụkwara iji ya na quinine mee ihe iji gwọọ ndị na-eguzogide ''P. falciparum'' mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị nwayọ na ịba siri ike, ekwesighi iji ya mee ihe dị ka otu ọgwụgwọ.

Mgbe ị na-agwọ ọrịa siri ike ma nye ya na quinine; a ga-enye 100 mg nke doxycycline kwa ụbọchị ruo ụbọchị asaa. &amp;nbsp;Na ọgwụgwọ mgbochi, a ga-enye 100 mg (mmiri okenye) nke doxycycline kwa ụbọchị n'oge ịba.&amp;nbsp;

Mmetụta ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ hypoplasia enamel na-adịgide adịgide (ọ bụ ezie na nke a dị mkpa naanị n'oge mmepe ezé n'ime afọ iri mbụ nke ndụ), ịda mbà n'obi nke uto ọkpụkpụ, nsogbu gastrointestinal na ụfọdụ ọkwa dị elu nke photosensitivity. N'ihi mmetụta ya nke ọkpụkpụ na ezé, a naghị eji ya eme ihe na ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ 8, ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ma ọ bụ na-enye nwa ara na ndị nwere nsogbu imeju a maara.

A na-eji Tetracycline eme ihe naanị na njikọta maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ''P. falciparum''. Nke a bụ n'ihi mmalite ya dị nwayọ. N'adịghị ka doxycycline, a naghị eji ya eme ihe na chemoprophylaxis. Maka tetracycline, 250 mg bụ ọgwụ ndị okenye a tụrụ aro (ekwesịghị iji ya mee ihe n'ụmụaka) maka ụbọchị ise ma ọ bụ asaa dabere na ọkwa nkwenye na nkwenye a tụrụ anya ya. &amp;nbsp;Ọnyá Oesopageal, mgbagwoju anya gastrointestinal na mgbochi na usoro nke ossification na ịda mbà nke uto ọkpụkpụ ka a maara na ọ na-eme. A na-ahụkwa ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị metụtara doxycycline.

=== Clindamycin ===
Clindamycin bụ ọgwụ sitere na lincomycin nke na-egbu nje ịba dị n'ọbara nwayọ nwayọ. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe a jikọtara ya na quinine ka a na-eji ya agwọ ịba P. falciparum siri ike nke nupụrụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ isi, ma ọ bụghị maka igbochi ịba. N'ihi na mmetụta ya siri ike karịa ọgwụ antibiotic ndị ọzọ, a na-eji ya naanị mgbe e nwere ihe na-amachibido iji ọgwụ ezinụlọ Tetracycline mee ihe, dị ka mgbe a na-agwọ ụmụaka.

A ga-enye Clindamycin na quinine dị ka ọgwụ mg 300 (n'ime ndị okenye) ugboro anọ n'ụbọchị maka ụbọchị ise. &amp;nbsp;Nanị mmetụta ndị e dekọrọ na ndị ọrịa na-aṅụ clindamycin bụ agbọ onunu, ịgbọ agbọ na ihe mgbu na nkụchi afọ. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ibelata ihe ndị a site na iri nnukwu mmiri na nri mgbe ị na-aṅụ ọgwụ ahụ. Pseudomembranous colitis (nke Clostridioides difficile kpatara) amalitewokwa na ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa; ọnọdụ a nwere ike igbu mmadụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta.

=== Microtubule Inhibitors ===
Ụfọdụ microtubule inhibitors, gụnyere vinblastine na taxol, dị ike megide nje ịba, na-emebi usoro microtubular, na-efu nnukwu nsị anụmanụ. Enwere ike ịchọta cytotoxicity dị ala na dinitroaniline ma ọ bụ phosphorothioamidate herbicides na-ejigide ọrụ mgbochi ịba. Trifluralin na-agbakọta na erythrocytes na-arịa ọrịa ruo ~ ugboro 300 nke mpụga, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịchọ mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere ike ịgbaze nke ọma iji mee ka nchịkwa dị irè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Naughton|first=Julie Ann|title=Accumulation of the antimalarial microtubule inhibitors trifluralin and vinblastine by Plasmodium falciparum|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|date=15 April 2008|volume=75|issue=8|pages=1580–1587|doi=10.1016/j.bcp.2008.01.002|pmid=18291349}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Esteves|first=M. A.|title=Synthesis and biological evaluation of trifluralin analogues as antileishmanial agents|journal=Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry|date=1 January 2010|volume=18|issue=1|pages=274–281|doi=10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.059|pmid=19926293|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968089609009948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnupụisi ==
Nupụ-isi ọgwụ ịba pụtara mgbe nje ịba na-adịgide ndụ ma ọ bụ na-amụba n'agbanyeghị na onye ọrịa ṅụrụ ma mịrị ọgwụgwọ n'ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ na-agụnye naanị nje fọdụrụ mgbe a gụchara ọgwụgwọ, ọ bụghị mgbe ọgwụ mgbochi tupu ịba ejide mmadụ kpalitere mperi. Iji gosi n'ezie na nje nupụrụ ọgwụ isi, a gha ahụ mgbe onye ọrịa na-aṅụ ọgwụ ahụ ma na-alele ọkwa ya n'ọbara site n'usoro nnwale dị iche iche dị ka nyocha in vivo, in vitro, nke ụmụ anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ usoro molecular nke oge a.

A na-ejikarị nje ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ eme ihe iji kọwaa ọdịda ọgwụgwọ ịba. Otú ọ dị, ha bụ ọnọdụ ahụike abụọ nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Enweghị ike iwepụ parasitemia na ịgbake site na nsogbu ahụike siri ike mgbe enyere ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị bụ mgbochi ịba n'ụdị ya. Mgbochi ọgwụ nwere ike iduga na ọdịda ọgwụgwọ, mana ọdịda ọgwụgwụ abụghị ihe kpatara ya n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enyere aka na mmepe ya. Enwere ike itinye ọtụtụ ihe na usoro ndị a gụnyere nsogbu na-adịghị agbaso iwu na ịrapara n'ihe, ọgwụ ọjọọ, mmekọrịta ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ịmịkọrọ ihe na-adịghị mma, nchọpụta na-ezighị ezi na a na-enye ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-enyekwa aka na mmepe nke ọgwụ na-eguzogide.

Ọgbọ nke iguzogide nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya ma dịgasị iche n'etiti ụdị ''Plasmodium''. A na-anabata ya n'ozuzu ka ọ malite site na Mgbanwe na-enweghị isi nke na-enye ụfọdụ uru evolushọn, si otú a na-enye ndị na-alụso ịba ọgụ na-ebelata mmetụta. Nke a nwere ike ibute site na otu ntụpọ mutation ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ mutations. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, mgbanwe ga-egbu nje ahụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide ọgwụ ga-ewepụ nje ndị ka nwere ike ibute ọrịa, agbanyeghị ụfọdụ nje ndị na-eguzogide ọrịa ga-adị ndụ. Mmegide nwere ike ịghọ ihe siri ike n'ime ndị na-egbu egbu, na-adị ogologo oge.

Ụdị mbụ a nabatara nke iguzogide bụ chloroquine na Thailand na 1957. A chọpụtara usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ n'azụ nguzogide a ka ọ nwere njikọ na mmepe nke usoro efflux nke na-achụpụ chloroquine site na parasite tupu ọkwa achọrọ iji gbochie usoro nke haem polymerization (nke dị mkpa iji gbochie mkpokọta nke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu nke haemoglobin mepụtara). Echiche a akwadowo site na ihe akaebe na-egosi na enwere ike ịgbanwe nguzogide n'ụzọ dị irè na mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị na-akwụsị efflux. A na-eche na iguzogide nke ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ịba dịka amodiaquine, mefloquine, halofantrine na quinine sitere na usoro yiri nke ahụ.

''Plasmodium'' emeela ka ọ ghara iguzogide ọgwụ mgbochi, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ sulfadoxine na pyrimethamine. A na-eche na mgbanwe abụọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ ihe kpatara ya, na-enye ohere mgbochi nke enzymes abụọ na-etinye aka na njikọ folate. Mgbanwe mpaghara nke mgbanwe ụfọdụ na-enye ọkwa dị iche iche nke iguzogide.

A na-atụ aro ka a jiri Atovaquone mee ihe naanị na njikọta ya na ihe ọzọ na-egbochi ịba dịka nhọrọ nke nje na-eguzogide na-eme ngwa ngwa mgbe ejiri ya na mono-therapy. A na-eche na nguzogide sitere na otu isi mutation na koodu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka cytochrome-b.

=== Mgbasa nke nguzogide ===
Enweghị otu ihe na-enye mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na mgbasa nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mana ọtụtụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya metụtara mmụba ekwetala. Ndị a gụnyere akụkụ nke akụ na ụba, omume mmadụ, pharmacokinetics, na ihe ndị dị ndụ nke vectors na parasites.

A na-enyocha ihe ndị kachasị emetụta n'okpuru ebe a:

# Mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dabere na ikike parasites nwere ịlanarị ọnụnọ nke ihe na-egbochi ịba wee mee ka nnọgidesi ike nke iguzogide na ikike maka ibufe ọzọ n'agbanyeghị ọgwụgwọ. N'ọnọdụ dị mma, nje ọ bụla na-adịgide mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị na-ebibi site na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ya mere ihe ọ bụla na'ime ihe ndị na-eme iji belata mwepụ nke nje nwere ike ime ka mmepe nke iguzogide dị mfe. Nke a na-anwa ịkọwa mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma metụtara ndị nwere nsogbu ahụike, ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na ụmụaka.

=== Mgbochi ===


Ndokwa ndị dị mkpa maka usoro a gụnyere nnyefe nke nlekọta mbụ ngwa ngwa ebe a zụrụ ndị ọrụ nke ọma ma kwado ha na ihe ndị dị mkpa iji gwọọ nke ọma. Nke a n'onwe ya ezughi oke n'ebe buru ibu ebe ịba bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, si otú a na-eweta nsogbu mbụ. Otu usoro a tụrụ aro nke na-ezube izere ụkọ dị mkpa na akụrụngwa nlekọta ahụike nke mba ụfọdụ bụ nkewa nke mpaghara ụfọdụ, si otú a na-eme ka a zụta ọgwụ na ahịa mepere emepe site na isi mmalite ndị na-enweghị njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-enweta nkwado ụfọdụ ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ nsogbu metụtara ohere dị nta na iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego mmepe nke iguzogide ruo n'ókè ka ukwuu.

E nwere ụzọ abụọ n'ozuzu iji gbochie mgbasa nke iguzogide: [[Malaria prophylaxis|igbochi ọrịa ịba]], na igbochi nnyefe nke nje na-eguzogide.

Igbochi ọrịa ịba na-eto eto nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụego nwere ike imepe nke iguzogide, site na ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịba wee belata mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ ịba. Igbochi nnyefe nke nje ndị na-eguzogide ibe ha na-egbochi ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ịba na-egide ịba na ọ na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma nwee ike ịchịkwa ya site na ụzọ dịgasị iche iche na-abụghị nke ahụike gụnyere ụgbụgbọ mmiri na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ, ịwụsa ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ụlọ, njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka ịdọrọ mmiri) na usoro nchebe onwe onye dị ka iji ihe na-egbo anwụnta. Chemoprophylaxis dịkwa mkpa na nnyefe nke ọrịa ịba na iguzogide ya na ndị a kapịrị ọnụ (dịka ndị njem).

A hope for future of anti-malarial therapy is the development of an effective [[Ọgwụ mgbochi ịba|malaria vaccine]]. This could have enormous public health benefits, providing a cost-effective and easily applicable approach to preventing not only the onset of malaria but the transmission of gametocytes, thus reducing the risk of resistance developing. Anti-malarial therapy also could be diversified by combining a potentially effective vaccine with current  chemotherapy, thereby reducing the chance of vaccine resistance developing.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
!Nkọwa
!Mkpụrụ ego
|-
|Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (Fansidar) 
|A na-eji ngwakọta a eme ihe ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ ole na ole, dị ọnụ ala ma dị irè n'otu ọgwụ, si otú a na-ebelata nsogbu ndị metụtara ịrapara na nrubeisi. N'okwu teknụzụ, a naghị ele Fansidar anya dị ka ezigbo ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya enweghị ọrụ ọgwụgwọ onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;   [Page dị mkpa] E kwesịghị iji Fansidar mee ihe naanị ya maka ọgwụgwọ nke ịba falciparum.
|25 mg/kg nke sulfadoxine na 1.25 mg/kg ya nke pyrimethamine.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|SP na chloroquine
|Ọnọdụ dị elu nke iguzogide otu ma ọ bụ ihe abụọ ahụ pụtara na njikọta a dị irè n'ebe ole na ole ma Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) anaghị atụ aro ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|Chloroquine 25 mg / kg n'ime ụbọchị atọ na otu ọgwụ SP dị ka akọwapụtara n'elu.&amp;nbsp;
|-
|SP na amodiaquine
|E gosipụtara njikọta a na-emepụta ngwa ngwa mgbake karịa SP na chloroquine, mana o doro anya na ọ dị ala karịa njikọta artemisinin (ACTs) maka ọgwụgwọ ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|10 mg / kg nke Amodiaquine kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị atọ na otu ọgwụ SP.&amp;nbsp;
|-
|SP gbakwunyere mefloquine (''Fansimef'') 
|Otu ọgwụ a nyere uru doro anya nke ịdị mfe karịa usoro dị mgbagwoju anya mana a tụghị aro ka o jiri ya mee ihe ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'ihi nguzogide zuru oke na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya.
|
|-
|Quinine tinyere tetracycline/doxycycline
|Njikọ a na-ejigide ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgwụgwọ dị elu n'ọtụtụ ebe. Nsogbu na usoro a gụnyere usoro ọgwụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ebe a ga-aṅụ quinine kwa awa asatọ ruo ụbọchị asaa. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na quinine ('Cinchonism') na tetracyclines na-egbochi ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime (ìgwè ndị a kwesịrị iji clindamycin kama). Site na ọbịbịa nke ọgwụgwọ artemisinin-combination, ọgwụgwọ dabeere na quinine adịghị ewu ewu karịa na mbụ.
|Quinine 10 mg / kg doses kwa awa asatọ na tetracycline na 4 mg / kg dose kwa awa isii maka ụbọchị asaa.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|}

=== Usoro ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta nke Artemisinin (ACTs) ===
Artemesinin nwere ụzọ dị iche iche nke ịrụ ọrụ karịa ọgwụ mgbochi ịba (lee ozi dị n'elu), nke na-eme ka ọ baa uru karịsịa na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa na-eguzogide ọrịa. Otú ọ dị, iji gbochie mmepe nke iguzogide ọgwụ a, a na-atụ aro ya na njikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na-abụghị artemesinin. Ọ na-emepụta mbelata ngwa ngwa na biomass parasite na mbelata metụtara ya na mgbaàmà ahụike ma amaara na ọ na-akpata mbelata na nnyefe nke gametocytes si otú a belata ikike maka mgbasa nke alleles na-eguzogide. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị ihe a maara na ọ na-eguzogide Artemesinin (ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụdị na-egbochi nwere ike ịpụta) &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid19138391&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Pfmdr1 copy number and arteminisin derivatives combination therapy failure in falciparum malaria in Cambodia|journal=Malar. J.|volume=8|year=2009|pmid=19138391|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-8-11|author=Lim P}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ole na ole kọrọ na ọ na'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na iji ọgwụ eme ihe, agbanyeghị data a pere mpe.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
!Nkọwa
!Mkpụrụ ego
|-
|Artesunate na amodiaquine (''Coarsucam'' ma ọ bụ ''ASAQ'') 
|A nwalere njikọta a ma gosipụta na ọ dị irè n'ọtụtụ ebe ebe amodiaquine na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ. Ihe nwere ike ịbụ ọghọm bụ njikọ a tụrụ aro ya na neutropenia. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|Dosage bụ dị ka ngwakọta nke doses (ASAQ) a tụrụ aro dị ka 4 mg / kg nke Artesunate na 10 mg / kg ya nke Amodiaquine kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị atọ.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|Artesunate na mefloquine (Artequin ma ọ bụ ''ASMQ'') 
|A na-eji nke a eme ihe dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ dị irè n'akụkụ Thailand ruo ọtụtụ afọ. A maara Mefloquine ka ọ na-akpata ịgbọ agbọ n'ime ụmụaka ma na-akpali ụfọdụ mmetụta na-emetụta uche na obi. Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ ndị a yiri ka ọ na-ebelata mgbe a na-ejikọta ọgwụ ahụ na artesunate, a na-atụ aro na nke a bụ n'ihi mmalite na-egbu oge nke mefloquine. A naghị ele nke a anya dị ka nhọrọ dị irè a ga-ewebata n'Africa n'ihi ogologo ọkara ndụ nke mefloquine, nke nwere ike itinye nrụgide dị elu na parasites. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|Ọgwụ a chọrọ bụ 4 mg / kg kwa ụbọchị nke Artesunate gbakwunyere 25 mg / kg nke Mefloquine dị ka ọgwụ nkewa nke 15 mg / kg n'ụbọchị nke abụọ na 10 mg / kg na ụbọchị nke atọ.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|Artemether na [[lumefantrine]] (Coartem ''Riamet'', Faverid, ''Amatem'', ''Lonart'' ma ọ bụ ''AL'') 
|A nwalere njikọta a nke ọma na nnwale ahụike 16, na-egosi na ọ dị irè na ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise ma gosipụta na ọ na-anabata karịa artesunate tinyere ngwakọta mefloquine. Enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ edere ma a naghị atụ aro ọgwụ ahụ na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ma ọ bụ na-enye nwa ara n'ihi obere nyocha nchekwa n'ìgwè ndị a. Nke a bụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ma dị na usoro a na-ejighị n'aka wee mee ka nkwenye na nkwenye dịkwuo elu. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|
|-
|Artesunate na sulfadoxin/pyrimethamine (''Ariplus'' ma ọ bụ Amalar gbakwunyere) 
|Nke a bụ ngwakọta a na-anabata nke ọma mana ọkwa dị irè n'ozuzu ya ka na-adabere na ọkwa nke iguzogide sulfadoxine na pyrimethamine ya mere na-egbochi ojiji. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|A na-atụ aro ya na doses nke 4 mg / kg nke Artesunate kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị atọ na otu doses nke 25 mg / kg of SP.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Duo-Cotecxin, ma ọ bụ ''Artekin'') 
|A mụọla ya karịsịa na China, Vietnam na mba ndị ọzọ dị na SEAsia. E gosipụtara na ọgwụ ahụ dị irè nke ukwuu (karịa 90%). WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|
|-
|Artesinin/piperaguine/primaquine (Nkwụsị Ọrịa ịba n'oge na-adịghị anya site na Source Eradication (FEMSE)) 
|Usoro a na-agụnye doses atọ nke Artequick, nke kewara otu ọnwa. Mkpụrụ ọgwụ mbụ na-esonyere otu primaquine. Usoro nnwale na agwaetiti Comoros jiri usoro ahụ mee ihe. Na mbido, ihe karịrị 90% nke ndị bi n'obodo ụfọdụ nwere ịba. N'otu agwaetiti, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-arịa ya ji pasent 95 daa. N'afọ 2012, n'àgwàetiti nke abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-arịa ya ji pasent 97 daa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21594956-novel-approach-using-drugs-instead-insecticides-may-make-it-easier|title=Malaria eradication: Cure all?|work=The Economist|date=2014-01-25|accessdate=2014-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|Pyronaridine na artesunate (''Pyramax'') 
|Pyramax mepụtara site na Shin Poong Pharmaceutical and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). Nke a bụ ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta nke mbụ nke dabeere na artemisinin iji nye echiche sayensị dị mma maka ịdị irè, nchekwa na ogo site na European Medicines Agency (EMA) n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 58 maka ọgwụgwọ nke ''P. falciparum'' na ''P. vivax'' na ndị okenye na ụmụaka karịrị 20 kilogram dabere na nnwale ise nke atọ nke ọtụtụ etiti nke emere na Africa na South-East Asia. &amp;nbsp;E gosipụtara na Pyramax dị irè nke ukwuu (karịa 97%) na ụdị abụọ ahụ ma ọ bụ naanị ACT kwadoro site na ikike nchịkwa siri ike maka ọgwụgwọ nke ''P. falciparum'' na ''P vivax'' ugbu a.
|}

=== Ịba nke ''Falciparum'' ===


Chloroquine remains the treatment of choice for ''vivax'' malaria,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;  except in Indonesia's Irian Jaya (Western New Guinea) region and the geographically contiguous Papua New Guinea, where chloroquine resistance is common (up to 20% resistance).

=== Ịba n'ụmụ ọkụkọ ===

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Agbakwunyere m ntụaka.</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AshleyPhyo2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ashley|first=Elizabeth A.|title=Drugs in Development for Malaria|journal=Drugs|date=25 May 2018|volume=78|issue=9|pages=861–879|doi=10.1007/s40265-018-0911-9|pmid=29802605}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-0737-9.00089-8|chapter=Drug Toxicity of the Posterior Segment|title=Retina|year=2013|author=Mittra|first=Robert A.|pages=1532–1554|isbn=978-1-4557-0737-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/malaria/mpac/mpac-october2019-session7-updating-G6PD-classification.pdf|title=Updating the WHO G6PD classification of variants and the International Classification of Diseases|date=2019|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi ịba ma ọ bụ naanị ọgwụ ndị na-emegide ịba bụ ụdị kemịkal ndị na-egbu nje, nke a na-esikarị n'okike, nke a nwere ike iji gwọọ ma ọ bụ gbochie ịba, n'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ìgwè abụọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa, ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ, gụnyere maka oke ịba, na-aga n'ihu na-adabere na ọgwụgwọ sitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ọgwụ quinine na Artesunate, mmepe nke ọgwụ na-eguzogide na nje ahụ emeela ka mmepe ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ịba. Ọ bụ ezie na a hụla ọgwụ mgbochi ịba ugboro ugboro iji mee ka nje ịba na-eguzogide - gụnyere maka ọgwụgwọ njikọta nke gosipụtara artemisinin, ebe a hụla na ọ na-egbochi na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ọgwụgwọ njikọtara Artemisinin (ACTs) anọgidewo na-abụ ọgwụgwọ ntọala maka ịba falciparum n'ụwa niile ka ọ dị na 2024 . A na-atụ anya na ọnụọgụ na mgbasa nke ọrịa ahụ (&quot;ibu ọrụ ịba&quot;) ga-anọgide na-adị elu, n'ụwa niile, ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-abịa. N'agbanyeghị nsonaazụ dị mma site na ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke oge a, a hụla mmetụta ndị siri ike na-emetụta ụfọdụ ndị na-aṅụ ọgwụ dị mma (dịka, retinopathy na chloroquine, oke ọbara na tafenoquine).

&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ọ bara uru ịtụle ọgwụ mgbochi ịba site na usoro kemịkal ebe ọ bụ na nke a na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ọgwụ ọ bụla, dị ka usoro ọrụ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;


Usoro a na-eji enye ọgwụ quinine dị mgbagwoju anya sịne na ọ na-adabere n'ọnụọgụ nje dị n'ahụ na ebumnuche e ji enye ya, ma ọ bụ maka ịgwọ oke ịba ma ọ bụ maka igbochi ya. Dị ka ntuziaka World Health Organization (WHO) si dị, a na-amalite ọgwụgwọ site n'inye milligrams 20 n'arọ mee mgbe a na-amalite, gaa n'ihu site n'inye milligrams 10 n'arọ kwa awa asatọ ruo ụbọchị ise n'ebe ndị nje ịba na-anabata quinine, gbakwunyere ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dị ka doxycycline, tetracycline, ma ọ bụ clindamycin. A nwere ike iji ọnụ ṅụọ ọgwụ a, ma ọ bụ tuo ya n'akwara (IM) ma ọ bụ n'ahịrị ọbara (IV), ebe ụzọ a ga-esi nye ya na-adabere n'otu nsogbu ahụ siri dị n'oge ahụ na ngwa ọrụ ahụike dị nso, dị ka agịga e merere ka ha ghara inwe nje.


Quinimax na quinidine bụ alkaloids abụọ metụtara quinine nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịgwọ ma ọ bụ n'igbochi ịba. Quinimax bụ ngwakọta nke alkaloids anọ sitere na cinchona—ya bụ quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, na cinchonidine—nke nyocha müro gosiri na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa quinine n'ihi otu ihe ndị a siri na-akwado ibe ha n'ahụ. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, quinidine bụ diastereoisomer nke quinine nwere njirimara gbochiri ịba yiri nke quinine n'onwe ya, mana naanị maka ịgwọ oke ịba siri ike ka a na-atụ aro ka e jiri ya mee ihe.


&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;


=== Hydroxychloroquine ===
A nwetara Hydroxychloroquine na 1950s site na ịgbakwunye otu hydroxy na chloroquine dị ugbu a, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma karịa chloroquin n'onwe ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-quinine-idUSKBN2370R9#:~:text=Hydroxychloroquine%2C%20developed%20in%20the%201950s%20from%20chloroquine%2C%20an,such%20as%20Plaquenil%2C%20Quensyl%20and%20Plaquinol.%20French%20|title=Fact check: Hydroxychloroquine is not the same as quinine and can't be made at home|work=Reuters|date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010027150A2/en|title=New preparation of hydroxychloroquine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104230803A/en|title=Preparation method of hydroxychloroquine sulfate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amodiaquin ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Amodiaquine bụ ọgwụ na-agwọ ịba n'okpuru ezinụlọ 4-aminoquinoline, nke nhazi na ụzọ ọrụ ya yiri nke chloroquine siri ike. Uru ukwu ya bụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ebe nje ịba nupụrụ chloroquine isi, ma na-adịkwazi mma n'ahụ ndị ọrịa n'ihi na ọ na-ebute obere ọkọ karịa chloroquine.


.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;A na-enye ọgwụ a n'agbata milligram 25 n'arọ ruo milligram 35 n'arọ gbasara ụbọchị atọ n'usoro n'ụzọ yiri nke a sị na a na-enye chloroquine. Mmetụta ya na-adịkarị ka nke chloroquine, mana ọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa mgbu obi na-agbada na mberede (bradycardia), ọnya, ọgbụgbọ, agbọ, na ahụ erughị ala n'afọ, gbakwunyere na ọ na-ebute obere nsogbu n'ọbara na n'imeju n'ahụ ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa.

=== Pyrimethamine ===
Pyrimethamine bụ ọgwụ na-agwọ ịba dị mfe, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe a jikọtara ya na sulfadoxine iji gbuo nje P. falciparum nke nupụrụ chloroquine isi. Ọ na-akwụsị nsochi na mmụba nke nje ịba n'ọbara site n'igbochi kemịkal dihydrofolate reductase ka nje ahụ ghara inwe ike mepụta DNA ma ọ bụ mụbaa mkpụrụ ndụ ọhụrụ. N'ihi nke a, ọ bụ naanị n'akụkụ ọgwụ sulfonamide ka a na-eji ya eme ihe taa iji mebie schizonts na-ebibi ọbara.

=== Proguanil ===
Proguanil (chloroguanide) bụ ọgwụ biguanide sitere na pyrimidine nke ndị nchọpụta Britain mepụtara n'afọ 1945. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ kachasị mgbe ahụ gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ cycloguanil na-egbochi enzyme dihydrofolate reductase nke nje ịba, nke na-aṅa ntị n'ịlụso isi anụ ahụ *P. falciparum*, *P. vivax*, na *P. ovale* ọgụ. Ebe ọ na-enweghị ike ịlụso hypnozoites ọgụ, e nweghị ike iji ya gbochie ịba ịlọghachi azụ, ebe ọrụ ya na-adịghị mma na schizonts nke ọbara mekwara ka ọ gaa adị mma maka ịgwọ oke ịba siri ike. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'igbochi ịba mgbe a jikọtara ya na atovaquone ma ọ bụ chloroquine (n'ebe nje ahụ na-anabata chloroquine). A na-atụ aro ka ndị okenye na-aṅụ ihe dị ka milligram 200 kwa ụbọchị (3 mg n'arọ), ebe skedulu nke inye ọkara ọgwụ ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị na-eme ka ọgwụ ahụ ka mma n'ọbara iji nọgide na-echebe ahụ. Njikọ proguanil na chloroquine anaghị echebe ahụ megide *P. falciparum* nupụrụ ọgwụ isi, ma nọrọ na-enwe obere mmetụta dị ka ntutu ịdapa ma ọ bụ ọnyá ọnụ n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. A na-ere ụdị Proguanil hydrochloride ya n'okpuru aha Paludrine site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ AstraZeneca.

=== Sulfonamides ===
Sulfadoxine na sulfamethoxypyridazine na-alụso nje ịba ọgụ site n'iṅomi PABA na nsochi enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, nke na-emebi ikike nje ahụ nwere ime dihydrofolic acid n'oge ọ nọ n'agba schizont n'ọbara. Ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụ sulfonamide sọọsọ ha enweghị ike ịgwọ ịba nke ọma, a na-ejikọkarị ha na pyrimethamine (dị ka n'ọgwụ Fansidar) iji mepụta ngwakọta dị ike pụrụ igbu nje ịba nwere ike ịnwụ n'ọgwụ.

A naghị atụ aro sulfonamides maka chemoprophylaxis n'ihi mmeghachi omume akpụkpọ ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe ma sie ike. Otú ọ dị, a na-eji ya eme ihe ugboro ugboro maka ọrịa ahụ.


=== Atovaquone ===
ovaquonet&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;A na-ejikọta ọgwụ atovaquone na proguanil n'okpuru aha Malarone, nke ka Lariam ọnụ ahịa mana ọ bụ ihe ama ama nke ndị na-eme njem na-eji egbochi ịba ma ọ bụ nke a na-eji agwọ ịba falciparum n'obodo ndị mepere emepe. Na mgbakwunye, e nwekwara ụdị mmiri a na-aṅụ n'ọnụ nke ọgwụ a nke a na-ere n'okpuru aha Mepron.

=== Primaquine ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Primaquine bụ ọgwụ 8-aminoquinolone dị ike pụrụ iche n'ihi na ọ na-agwọ ma oke ịba na-alụ ọgụ n'ọbara (merozoites na gametocytes) ma na-ebibikwa ụdị nje P. vivax na P. ovale na-ehi ụra n'ime imeju (hypnozoites) iji gbochie ịba ịlọghachi azụ. Agbanyeghị na a ghọtachaghị ụzọ ọ na-agbaso arụ ọrụ, a na-eche na ọ na-emebi ikike nje ịba nwere iji ikuku oxygen mee ihe, ma nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe a na-ejikọta na methylene blue.

=== Artemisinin and derivatives ===
Artemisinin (qinghaosu) bụ kemịkalụ a na-eji agwọ ahụ ọkụ kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 1,000. O sitere n’osisi Artemisia annua. Ihe ndekọ mbụ banyere iji osisi a nke ọma agwọ ịba pụtara n’afọ 340 AD, mgbe Ge Hong kọwara ya n’akwụkwọ ya Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang (A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies). Ge Hong ji usoro maceration dị mfe wepụta ihe ahụ, nke bụkwa otu n’ime usoro a ka na-eji eme ihe taa. A chọpụtara ihe na-arụ ọrụ n’osisi ahụ n’afọ 1971, ma kpọọ ya artemisinin.

*

=== Halofantrine ===
Halofantrine (dị ka Halfan) bụ ọgwụ na-agwọ ịba nke mepụtara n'afọ ndị 1960 ma nwee njikọ na quinine. Ọ na-ebibi ụdị nje Plasmodium niile dị n'ọbara site n'ịkpata mmebi n'akpụkpọ nje ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-agwọ ịba nke nupụrụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ isi, a naghị ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihi ọnụ ahịa pụrụ iche ya, iwu siri ike nke gọọmentị, na ihe nke na ọ nwere ike imebi obi mmadụ ma na-esiri ahụ ike amịrị n'otu usoro. Otú ọ dị, ọ ka bara uru maka ịgwọ oke ịba siri ike n'ahụ ndị na-enweghị nsogbu obi.

A na-adụ ọdụ ka a nye ọgwụ 8 mg / kg nke halofantrine na ọgwụ atọ n'ime awa isii maka oge nke ihe omume ahụike. &amp;nbsp;A naghị atụ aro ya maka ụmụaka na-erubeghị kilogram 10 n'agbanyeghị data na-akwado ojiji ma na-egosi na a na-anabata ya nke ọma. &amp;nbsp;Mmetụta ndị na-emetụtakarị na-agụnye agbọ onunu, ihe mgbu afọ, afọ ọsịsa, na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. A na-ahụ nnukwu ventricular dysrhythmias, mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata ọnwụ mgbe a na-enye ya nnukwu ọgwụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi ogologo oge nke QTc. A naghị atụ aro Halofantrine maka iji ya mee ihe n'oge ime na inye nwa ara, n'ime ụmụaka, ma ọ bụ n'ime ndị ọrịa ṅụrụ mefloquine n'oge gara aga.

=== Lumefantrine ===
[[Lumefantrine]] bụ onye ikwu nke halofantrine nke a na-eji eme ihe na ngwakọta ụfọdụ nke usoro mgbochi ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid9449273&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Randomized comparison of artemether-benflumetol and artesunate-mefloquine in treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=42|issue=1|pages=135–9|date=January 1998|pmid=9449273|doi=10.1128/AAC.42.1.135}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Doxycycline ===
O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị na-alụso ịba ọgụ, n'ihi ịdị irè na ọnụ ala ya, doxycycline bụ tetracycline compound nke sitere na oxytetracycline. Tetracyclines bụ otu n'ime ìgwè ndị mbụ nke ọgwụ nje a mepụtara ma ka na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka nje bacteria kwụsị usoro nke protein synthesis site na ijikọta na 30S ribosomal subunit si otú a gbochie 50s na 30s nkeji ijikọta. A na-eji Doxycycline eme ihe maka [[Malaria prophylaxis|chemoprophylaxis]] n'ebe chloroquine na-eguzogide. A pụkwara iji ya na quinine mee ihe iji gwọọ ndị na-eguzogide ''P. falciparum'' mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị nwayọ na ịba siri ike, ekwesighi iji ya mee ihe dị ka otu ọgwụgwọ.

Mgbe ị na-agwọ ọrịa siri ike ma nye ya na quinine; a ga-enye 100 mg nke doxycycline kwa ụbọchị ruo ụbọchị asaa. &amp;nbsp;Na ọgwụgwọ mgbochi, a ga-enye 100 mg (mmiri okenye) nke doxycycline kwa ụbọchị n'oge ịba.&amp;nbsp;

Mmetụta ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ hypoplasia enamel na-adịgide adịgide (ọ bụ ezie na nke a dị mkpa naanị n'oge mmepe ezé n'ime afọ iri mbụ nke ndụ), ịda mbà n'obi nke uto ọkpụkpụ, nsogbu gastrointestinal na ụfọdụ ọkwa dị elu nke photosensitivity. N'ihi mmetụta ya nke ọkpụkpụ na ezé, a naghị eji ya eme ihe na ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ 8, ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ma ọ bụ na-enye nwa ara na ndị nwere nsogbu imeju a maara.

A na-eji Tetracycline eme ihe naanị na njikọta maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ''P. falciparum''. Nke a bụ n'ihi mmalite ya dị nwayọ. N'adịghị ka doxycycline, a naghị eji ya eme ihe na chemoprophylaxis. Maka tetracycline, 250 mg bụ ọgwụ ndị okenye a tụrụ aro (ekwesịghị iji ya mee ihe n'ụmụaka) maka ụbọchị ise ma ọ bụ asaa dabere na ọkwa nkwenye na nkwenye a tụrụ anya ya. &amp;nbsp;Ọnyá Oesopageal, mgbagwoju anya gastrointestinal na mgbochi na usoro nke ossification na ịda mbà nke uto ọkpụkpụ ka a maara na ọ na-eme. A na-ahụkwa ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị metụtara doxycycline.

=== Clindamycin ===
Clindamycin bụ ọgwụ sitere na lincomycin nke na-egbu nje ịba dị n'ọbara nwayọ nwayọ. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe a jikọtara ya na quinine ka a na-eji ya agwọ ịba P. falciparum siri ike nke nupụrụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ isi, ma ọ bụghị maka igbochi ịba. N'ihi na mmetụta ya siri ike karịa ọgwụ antibiotic ndị ọzọ, a na-eji ya naanị mgbe e nwere ihe na-amachibido iji ọgwụ ezinụlọ Tetracycline mee ihe, dị ka mgbe a na-agwọ ụmụaka.

A ga-enye Clindamycin na quinine dị ka ọgwụ mg 300 (n'ime ndị okenye) ugboro anọ n'ụbọchị maka ụbọchị ise. &amp;nbsp;Nanị mmetụta ndị e dekọrọ na ndị ọrịa na-aṅụ clindamycin bụ agbọ onunu, ịgbọ agbọ na ihe mgbu na nkụchi afọ. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ibelata ihe ndị a site na iri nnukwu mmiri na nri mgbe ị na-aṅụ ọgwụ ahụ. Pseudomembranous colitis (nke Clostridioides difficile kpatara) amalitewokwa na ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa; ọnọdụ a nwere ike igbu mmadụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta.

=== Microtubule Inhibitors ===
Ụfọdụ microtubule inhibitors, gụnyere vinblastine na taxol, dị ike megide nje ịba, na-emebi usoro microtubular, na-efu nnukwu nsị anụmanụ. Enwere ike ịchọta cytotoxicity dị ala na dinitroaniline ma ọ bụ phosphorothioamidate herbicides na-ejigide ọrụ mgbochi ịba. Trifluralin na-agbakọta na erythrocytes na-arịa ọrịa ruo ~ ugboro 300 nke mpụga, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịchọ mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere ike ịgbaze nke ọma iji mee ka nchịkwa dị irè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Naughton|first=Julie Ann|title=Accumulation of the antimalarial microtubule inhibitors trifluralin and vinblastine by Plasmodium falciparum|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|date=15 April 2008|volume=75|issue=8|pages=1580–1587|doi=10.1016/j.bcp.2008.01.002|pmid=18291349}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Esteves|first=M. A.|title=Synthesis and biological evaluation of trifluralin analogues as antileishmanial agents|journal=Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry|date=1 January 2010|volume=18|issue=1|pages=274–281|doi=10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.059|pmid=19926293|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968089609009948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnupụisi ==
Nupụ-isi ọgwụ ịba pụtara mgbe nje ịba na-adịgide ndụ ma ọ bụ na-amụba n'agbanyeghị na onye ọrịa ṅụrụ ma mịrị ọgwụgwọ n'ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ na-agụnye naanị nje fọdụrụ mgbe a gụchara ọgwụgwọ, ọ bụghị mgbe ọgwụ mgbochi tupu ịba ejide mmadụ kpalitere mperi. Iji gosi n'ezie na nje nupụrụ ọgwụ isi, a gha ahụ mgbe onye ọrịa na-aṅụ ọgwụ ahụ ma na-alele ọkwa ya n'ọbara site n'usoro nnwale dị iche iche dị ka nyocha in vivo, in vitro, nke ụmụ anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ usoro molecular nke oge a.

A na-ejikarị nje ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ eme ihe iji kọwaa ọdịda ọgwụgwọ ịba. Otú ọ dị, ha bụ ọnọdụ ahụike abụọ nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Enweghị ike iwepụ parasitemia na ịgbake site na nsogbu ahụike siri ike mgbe enyere ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị bụ mgbochi ịba n'ụdị ya. Mgbochi ọgwụ nwere ike iduga na ọdịda ọgwụgwọ, mana ọdịda ọgwụgwụ abụghị ihe kpatara ya n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enyere aka na mmepe ya. Enwere ike itinye ọtụtụ ihe na usoro ndị a gụnyere nsogbu na-adịghị agbaso iwu na ịrapara n'ihe, ọgwụ ọjọọ, mmekọrịta ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ịmịkọrọ ihe na-adịghị mma, nchọpụta na-ezighị ezi na a na-enye ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-enyekwa aka na mmepe nke ọgwụ na-eguzogide.

Ọgbọ nke iguzogide nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya ma dịgasị iche n'etiti ụdị ''Plasmodium''. A na-anabata ya n'ozuzu ka ọ malite site na Mgbanwe na-enweghị isi nke na-enye ụfọdụ uru evolushọn, si otú a na-enye ndị na-alụso ịba ọgụ na-ebelata mmetụta. Nke a nwere ike ibute site na otu ntụpọ mutation ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ mutations. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, mgbanwe ga-egbu nje ahụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide ọgwụ ga-ewepụ nje ndị ka nwere ike ibute ọrịa, agbanyeghị ụfọdụ nje ndị na-eguzogide ọrịa ga-adị ndụ. Mmegide nwere ike ịghọ ihe siri ike n'ime ndị na-egbu egbu, na-adị ogologo oge.

Ụdị mbụ a nabatara nke iguzogide bụ chloroquine na Thailand na 1957. A chọpụtara usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ n'azụ nguzogide a ka ọ nwere njikọ na mmepe nke usoro efflux nke na-achụpụ chloroquine site na parasite tupu ọkwa achọrọ iji gbochie usoro nke haem polymerization (nke dị mkpa iji gbochie mkpokọta nke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu nke haemoglobin mepụtara). Echiche a akwadowo site na ihe akaebe na-egosi na enwere ike ịgbanwe nguzogide n'ụzọ dị irè na mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị na-akwụsị efflux. A na-eche na iguzogide nke ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ịba dịka amodiaquine, mefloquine, halofantrine na quinine sitere na usoro yiri nke ahụ.

''Plasmodium'' emeela ka ọ ghara iguzogide ọgwụ mgbochi, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ sulfadoxine na pyrimethamine. A na-eche na mgbanwe abụọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ ihe kpatara ya, na-enye ohere mgbochi nke enzymes abụọ na-etinye aka na njikọ folate. Mgbanwe mpaghara nke mgbanwe ụfọdụ na-enye ọkwa dị iche iche nke iguzogide.

A na-atụ aro ka a jiri Atovaquone mee ihe naanị na njikọta ya na ihe ọzọ na-egbochi ịba dịka nhọrọ nke nje na-eguzogide na-eme ngwa ngwa mgbe ejiri ya na mono-therapy. A na-eche na nguzogide sitere na otu isi mutation na koodu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka cytochrome-b.

=== Mgbasa nke nguzogide ===
Enweghị otu ihe na-enye mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na mgbasa nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mana ọtụtụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya metụtara mmụba ekwetala. Ndị a gụnyere akụkụ nke akụ na ụba, omume mmadụ, pharmacokinetics, na ihe ndị dị ndụ nke vectors na parasites.

A na-enyocha ihe ndị kachasị emetụta n'okpuru ebe a:

# Mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dabere na ikike parasites nwere ịlanarị ọnụnọ nke ihe na-egbochi ịba wee mee ka nnọgidesi ike nke iguzogide na ikike maka ibufe ọzọ n'agbanyeghị ọgwụgwọ. N'ọnọdụ dị mma, nje ọ bụla na-adịgide mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị na-ebibi site na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ya mere ihe ọ bụla na'ime ihe ndị na-eme iji belata mwepụ nke nje nwere ike ime ka mmepe nke iguzogide dị mfe. Nke a na-anwa ịkọwa mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma metụtara ndị nwere nsogbu ahụike, ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na ụmụaka.

=== Mgbochi ===


Ndokwa ndị dị mkpa maka usoro a gụnyere nnyefe nke nlekọta mbụ ngwa ngwa ebe a zụrụ ndị ọrụ nke ọma ma kwado ha na ihe ndị dị mkpa iji gwọọ nke ọma. Nke a n'onwe ya ezughi oke n'ebe buru ibu ebe ịba bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, si otú a na-eweta nsogbu mbụ. Otu usoro a tụrụ aro nke na-ezube izere ụkọ dị mkpa na akụrụngwa nlekọta ahụike nke mba ụfọdụ bụ nkewa nke mpaghara ụfọdụ, si otú a na-eme ka a zụta ọgwụ na ahịa mepere emepe site na isi mmalite ndị na-enweghị njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-enweta nkwado ụfọdụ ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ nsogbu metụtara ohere dị nta na iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego mmepe nke iguzogide ruo n'ókè ka ukwuu.

E nwere ụzọ abụọ n'ozuzu iji gbochie mgbasa nke iguzogide: [[Malaria prophylaxis|igbochi ọrịa ịba]], na igbochi nnyefe nke nje na-eguzogide.

Igbochi ọrịa ịba na-eto eto nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụego nwere ike imepe nke iguzogide, site na ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịba wee belata mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ ịba. Igbochi nnyefe nke nje ndị na-eguzogide ibe ha na-egbochi ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ịba na-egide ịba na ọ na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma nwee ike ịchịkwa ya site na ụzọ dịgasị iche iche na-abụghị nke ahụike gụnyere ụgbụgbọ mmiri na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ, ịwụsa ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ụlọ, njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka ịdọrọ mmiri) na usoro nchebe onwe onye dị ka iji ihe na-egbo anwụnta. Chemoprophylaxis dịkwa mkpa na nnyefe nke ọrịa ịba na iguzogide ya na ndị a kapịrị ọnụ (dịka ndị njem).

A hope for future of anti-malarial therapy is the development of an effective [[Ọgwụ mgbochi ịba|malaria vaccine]]. This could have enormous public health benefits, providing a cost-effective and easily applicable approach to preventing not only the onset of malaria but the transmission of gametocytes, thus reducing the risk of resistance developing. Anti-malarial therapy also could be diversified by combining a potentially effective vaccine with current  chemotherapy, thereby reducing the chance of vaccine resistance developing.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
!Nkọwa
!Mkpụrụ ego
|-
|Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (Fansidar) 
|A na-eji ngwakọta a eme ihe ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ ole na ole, dị ọnụ ala ma dị irè n'otu ọgwụ, si otú a na-ebelata nsogbu ndị metụtara ịrapara na nrubeisi. N'okwu teknụzụ, a naghị ele Fansidar anya dị ka ezigbo ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya enweghị ọrụ ọgwụgwọ onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;   [Page dị mkpa] E kwesịghị iji Fansidar mee ihe naanị ya maka ọgwụgwọ nke ịba falciparum.
|25 mg/kg nke sulfadoxine na 1.25 mg/kg ya nke pyrimethamine.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|SP na chloroquine
|Ọnọdụ dị elu nke iguzogide otu ma ọ bụ ihe abụọ ahụ pụtara na njikọta a dị irè n'ebe ole na ole ma Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) anaghị atụ aro ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|Chloroquine 25 mg / kg n'ime ụbọchị atọ na otu ọgwụ SP dị ka akọwapụtara n'elu.&amp;nbsp;
|-
|SP na amodiaquine
|E gosipụtara njikọta a na-emepụta ngwa ngwa mgbake karịa SP na chloroquine, mana o doro anya na ọ dị ala karịa njikọta artemisinin (ACTs) maka ọgwụgwọ ịba.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|10 mg / kg nke Amodiaquine kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị atọ na otu ọgwụ SP.&amp;nbsp;
|-
|SP gbakwunyere mefloquine (''Fansimef'') 
|Otu ọgwụ a nyere uru doro anya nke ịdị mfe karịa usoro dị mgbagwoju anya mana a tụghị aro ka o jiri ya mee ihe ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'ihi nguzogide zuru oke na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya.
|
|-
|Quinine tinyere tetracycline/doxycycline
|Njikọ a na-ejigide ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgwụgwọ dị elu n'ọtụtụ ebe. Nsogbu na usoro a gụnyere usoro ọgwụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ebe a ga-aṅụ quinine kwa awa asatọ ruo ụbọchị asaa. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na quinine ('Cinchonism') na tetracyclines na-egbochi ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime (ìgwè ndị a kwesịrị iji clindamycin kama). Site na ọbịbịa nke ọgwụgwọ artemisinin-combination, ọgwụgwọ dabeere na quinine adịghị ewu ewu karịa na mbụ.
|Quinine 10 mg / kg doses kwa awa asatọ na tetracycline na 4 mg / kg dose kwa awa isii maka ụbọchị asaa.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|}

=== Usoro ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta nke Artemisinin (ACTs) ===
Artemesinin nwere ụzọ dị iche iche nke ịrụ ọrụ karịa ọgwụ mgbochi ịba (lee ozi dị n'elu), nke na-eme ka ọ baa uru karịsịa na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa na-eguzogide ọrịa. Otú ọ dị, iji gbochie mmepe nke iguzogide ọgwụ a, a na-atụ aro ya na njikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na-abụghị artemesinin. Ọ na-emepụta mbelata ngwa ngwa na biomass parasite na mbelata metụtara ya na mgbaàmà ahụike ma amaara na ọ na-akpata mbelata na nnyefe nke gametocytes si otú a belata ikike maka mgbasa nke alleles na-eguzogide. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị ihe a maara na ọ na-eguzogide Artemesinin (ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụdị na-egbochi nwere ike ịpụta) &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid19138391&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Pfmdr1 copy number and arteminisin derivatives combination therapy failure in falciparum malaria in Cambodia|journal=Malar. J.|volume=8|year=2009|pmid=19138391|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-8-11|author=Lim P}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ole na ole kọrọ na ọ na'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na iji ọgwụ eme ihe, agbanyeghị data a pere mpe.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
!Nkọwa
!Mkpụrụ ego
|-
|Artesunate na amodiaquine (''Coarsucam'' ma ọ bụ ''ASAQ'') 
|A nwalere njikọta a ma gosipụta na ọ dị irè n'ọtụtụ ebe ebe amodiaquine na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ. Ihe nwere ike ịbụ ọghọm bụ njikọ a tụrụ aro ya na neutropenia. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|Dosage bụ dị ka ngwakọta nke doses (ASAQ) a tụrụ aro dị ka 4 mg / kg nke Artesunate na 10 mg / kg ya nke Amodiaquine kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị atọ.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|Artesunate na mefloquine (Artequin ma ọ bụ ''ASMQ'') 
|A na-eji nke a eme ihe dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ dị irè n'akụkụ Thailand ruo ọtụtụ afọ. A maara Mefloquine ka ọ na-akpata ịgbọ agbọ n'ime ụmụaka ma na-akpali ụfọdụ mmetụta na-emetụta uche na obi. Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ ndị a yiri ka ọ na-ebelata mgbe a na-ejikọta ọgwụ ahụ na artesunate, a na-atụ aro na nke a bụ n'ihi mmalite na-egbu oge nke mefloquine. A naghị ele nke a anya dị ka nhọrọ dị irè a ga-ewebata n'Africa n'ihi ogologo ọkara ndụ nke mefloquine, nke nwere ike itinye nrụgide dị elu na parasites. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|Ọgwụ a chọrọ bụ 4 mg / kg kwa ụbọchị nke Artesunate gbakwunyere 25 mg / kg nke Mefloquine dị ka ọgwụ nkewa nke 15 mg / kg n'ụbọchị nke abụọ na 10 mg / kg na ụbọchị nke atọ.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|Artemether na [[lumefantrine]] (Coartem ''Riamet'', Faverid, ''Amatem'', ''Lonart'' ma ọ bụ ''AL'') 
|A nwalere njikọta a nke ọma na nnwale ahụike 16, na-egosi na ọ dị irè na ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise ma gosipụta na ọ na-anabata karịa artesunate tinyere ngwakọta mefloquine. Enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ edere ma a naghị atụ aro ọgwụ ahụ na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ma ọ bụ na-enye nwa ara n'ihi obere nyocha nchekwa n'ìgwè ndị a. Nke a bụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ma dị na usoro a na-ejighị n'aka wee mee ka nkwenye na nkwenye dịkwuo elu. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|
|-
|Artesunate na sulfadoxin/pyrimethamine (''Ariplus'' ma ọ bụ Amalar gbakwunyere) 
|Nke a bụ ngwakọta a na-anabata nke ọma mana ọkwa dị irè n'ozuzu ya ka na-adabere na ọkwa nke iguzogide sulfadoxine na pyrimethamine ya mere na-egbochi ojiji. WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|A na-atụ aro ya na doses nke 4 mg / kg nke Artesunate kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị atọ na otu doses nke 25 mg / kg of SP.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
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|Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Duo-Cotecxin, ma ọ bụ ''Artekin'') 
|A mụọla ya karịsịa na China, Vietnam na mba ndị ọzọ dị na SEAsia. E gosipụtara na ọgwụ ahụ dị irè nke ukwuu (karịa 90%). WHO na-atụ aro ya maka ịba na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot; /&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
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|Artesinin/piperaguine/primaquine (Nkwụsị Ọrịa ịba n'oge na-adịghị anya site na Source Eradication (FEMSE)) 
|Usoro a na-agụnye doses atọ nke Artequick, nke kewara otu ọnwa. Mkpụrụ ọgwụ mbụ na-esonyere otu primaquine. Usoro nnwale na agwaetiti Comoros jiri usoro ahụ mee ihe. Na mbido, ihe karịrị 90% nke ndị bi n'obodo ụfọdụ nwere ịba. N'otu agwaetiti, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-arịa ya ji pasent 95 daa. N'afọ 2012, n'àgwàetiti nke abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-arịa ya ji pasent 97 daa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21594956-novel-approach-using-drugs-instead-insecticides-may-make-it-easier|title=Malaria eradication: Cure all?|work=The Economist|date=2014-01-25|accessdate=2014-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|Pyronaridine na artesunate (''Pyramax'') 
|Pyramax mepụtara site na Shin Poong Pharmaceutical and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). Nke a bụ ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta nke mbụ nke dabeere na artemisinin iji nye echiche sayensị dị mma maka ịdị irè, nchekwa na ogo site na European Medicines Agency (EMA) n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 58 maka ọgwụgwọ nke ''P. falciparum'' na ''P. vivax'' na ndị okenye na ụmụaka karịrị 20 kilogram dabere na nnwale ise nke atọ nke ọtụtụ etiti nke emere na Africa na South-East Asia. &amp;nbsp;E gosipụtara na Pyramax dị irè nke ukwuu (karịa 97%) na ụdị abụọ ahụ ma ọ bụ naanị ACT kwadoro site na ikike nchịkwa siri ike maka ọgwụgwọ nke ''P. falciparum'' na ''P vivax'' ugbu a.
|}

=== Ịba nke ''Falciparum'' ===
Chloroquine remains the treatment of choice for ''vivax'' malaria,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO Guidelines&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|edition=Third|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-154912-7|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;  except in Indonesia's Irian Jaya (Western New Guinea) region and the geographically contiguous Papua New Guinea, where chloroquine resistance is common (up to 20% resistance.

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