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Ayo Fasanmi
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705055
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2026-08-19T10:47:16Z
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'''Ayorinde Fasanmi''' (Abali iri abụọ na asaa ọnwa Septemba afo 1925 <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9EAOAQAAMAAJ&q=Ayorinde+Fasanmi+1925&dq=Ayorinde+Fasanmi+1925&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWrYqnmfXqAhUQzIUKHf6UC-gQ6AEIKjAB]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/pa-ayo-fasanmi-afenifere-national-leader-dies-at-94/rrvh9jy |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2021-06-05 |archivedate=2021-06-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605113611/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/pa-ayo-fasanmi-afenifere-national-leader-dies-at-94/rrvh9jy }}</ref> - Abali iri abụọ na-itolu ọnwa Julai afo 2020) bụrụ onye Naijiria na- ere ọgwụ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081207035153zg/nigeria-watch/yorubawatch/fasanmi-factional-leader-threatens-on-afenifere-crisis-i-ll-expose-the-hidden-things/|title=Fasanmi, factional leader, threatens on Afenifere crisis : I|work=NigerianMuse|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/afenifere-s-comeback-bid/146391/|title=Afenifere’s Comeback Bid, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|accessdate=24 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222223659/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/afenifere-s-comeback-bid/146391/|archivedate=22 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latestnigeriannews.com/news/753775/i-never-discussed-bola-ige-with-olaniwun-ajayi-ayo-fasanmi.html|title=I never discussed Bola Ige with Olaniwun Ajayi -Ayo Fasanmi|author=Latestnigeriannews|work=Latest Nigerian News|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/12/obasanjoiyabo-feud-wont-intervene-yoruba-elders/|title=Obasanjo/Iyabo feud: Why we won't intervene— Yoruba elders - Vanguard News|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref>
== Ndụ mbido ==
Amuru ya na afo 1925 na Iye Ekiti, bụ otu [[Naijiria|okpuru]] [[Ȯra Ekiti|ochichi nke di na Ekiti Steeti]], mpaghara southwest Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/politics/pdp-is-big-for-nothing-fasanmi/|title=PDP is big for nothing — Fasanmi|work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=24 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228154105/http://www.punchng.com/politics/pdp-is-big-for-nothing-fasanmi/|archivedate=28 February 2015}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị St Paul, Ebutte Metta na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọchịchị Gọmenti, Ibadan tupu ọ gawa ụlọ akwụkwọ Ahia-ọgwụ na Yaba ebe ọ natara asambodo diplọma na ahịa ọgwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/life-times/my-greatest-challenge-is-ensuring-awos-legacies-do-not-die-senator-ayo-fasanmi/|title=My greatest challenge is ensuring Awo’s legacies do not die – Senator Ayo Fasanmi|work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=24 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228154056/http://www.punchng.com/feature/life-times/my-greatest-challenge-is-ensuring-awos-legacies-do-not-die-senator-ayo-fasanmi/|archivedate=28 February 2015}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ọgwụ na Oshogbo nwa obere oge tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke obodo Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p%3D105840|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222224257/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=105840|archivedate=2015-02-22}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Ọ sonyere n'otu Unity Party nke Naịjirịa na afo 1978 ma bụrụkwa onye na- azọ ọkwa onye ga-anọchite otu ha na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke Ondo Steeti mana Michael Adekunle Ajasin meriri ya, onye bụbu gọvanọ nke Ondo Steeti. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.ng/the-friday-edition/item/18159-senator-ayo-fasanmi-at-89|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222234642/http://tribune.com.ng/the-friday-edition/item/18159-senator-ayo-fasanmi-at-89|archivedate=2015-02-22}}</ref> N’afọ 1983, ahọpụtara ya dika onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ndị omeiwu etiti na- anọchite Ondo North. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/02/fasanmi-urges-afenifere-leaders-to-support-apc/|title=Fasanmi urges Afenifere leaders to support APC|work=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper|accessdate=24 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222223812/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/02/fasanmi-urges-afenifere-leaders-to-support-apc/|archivedate=22 February 2015}}</ref> O mechara jee ozi dịka onye otu Njiko ndị isi n'ahazi Old Western Nigeria Housing Corporation. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/04/18/yoruba-leaders-should-forge-a-synergy-senator-ayo-fasanmi/|title=Yoruba leaders should forge a synergy –Senator Ayo Fasanmi - P.M. NEWS Nigeria|work=pmnewsnigeria.com|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref> N'oge Republic nke anọ na Naijiria, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Osota Onye isi oche nke Alliance maka Democracy, mpaghara Southwest. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6BcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&dq=Ayo+Fasanmi+former+Senator&source=bl&ots=jnU2iylGJG&sig=C1nNTXQj5HatcqW75P-NTd9EMKE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xJ7oVOj_IbOS7AbguYCAAw&redir_esc=y|title=Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria|work=google.co.za|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/fasanmi-bags-award/|title=Fasanmi bags award|author=Our Reporter|work=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe ==
Ọ lụrụ nwaanyị nwụrụ anwụ bụ Madam Adejoke onye nwụrụ mgbe ọ gbara afọ iri asatọ na abụọ n’ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/ayo-fasanmis-wife-dies-at-82/|title=Ayo Fasanmi’s wife dies at 82|work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=24 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228154101/http://www.punchng.com/news/ayo-fasanmis-wife-dies-at-82/|archivedate=28 February 2015}}</ref>
== Ntughari ==
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi ala yoruba]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi ala Naijiria]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndi mmadu si Steeti Ekiti]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ọnwụ enwegasiri n'afo 2020]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ọmụmụ enwegasiri n'afo 1925]]
6f3njek77cv82ezq5fnh8cv6aux9ze5
Ako Mayama
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
Rin Mizuhara (水原 リン, Mizuhara Rin) Amakwaara ka '''Ako Mayama''' (真山亜子) bụ ome ihe ngosi abụ nke Japan,onye amaara maka ihe ngosi ụmụ ntorobịa na ụmụ agbọghọ ma makwara ya ma ihe ngosi agwa na Sugiyama-kun n'usoro ihe nkiri TV bụ[[Chibi Maruko-chan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nippon-animation.co.jp/work/1709/|title=ちびまる子ちゃん(第2期)|publisher=日本アニメーション|accessdate=2016-06-10}}</ref>
== Ndụ ==
Ako Mayama bụ onye Gifu prefecture na onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Toyo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://store.tsite.jp/ginza/event/humanities/2124-1046290405.html|title=【江戸塾 第2回】 声優 真山亜子による一人語り「お栄問わず語り」|work=銀座 蔦屋書店|publisher=カルチュア・コンビニエンス・クラブ|accessdate=2020-02-25}}</ref>
== Ihe nkiri ==
=== Ihe ngosi ihe onyonyo ===
* ''Mama wa Shougaku 4 Nensei'' (1992) dị ka Obaasan
* ''Hime-chan no Ribbon'' (1992) dị ka Hibino Hikaru
* ''Yu Yu Hakusho'' (1992) dị ka Miyuki
* ''Nintama Rantarou'' (1993) dị ka ọrụ ndị ọzọ
* ''Case Closed'' (1996) dị ka ọrụ ndị ọzọ
* ''Cowboy Bebop'' (1998) dị ka onye nwe ụlọ ahịa anụ ụlọ
* ''Otu ibe'' (1999) dị ka Miss Doublefinger (eps 103-104), Kokoro, Nyon
* ''Onegai My Melody: Sukkiri'' (2007) as Miss Mawari
* ''Mononoke'' (2007) dika Nne Ochou
* ''Tetsuwan Birdy Decode'' (2008) as Iruma
* ''Fairy Tail'' (2009) as Ooba Babasaama and Ooya-san
* ''Tatami Galaxy'' (2010) dị ka onye na-agba afa
* ''Ka anyị mee Mug Too'' (2021) ka Sachie Tokikawa
=== ONA ===
* ''Thecway of the Househusband'' (2021) dị ka Elizabeth <ref name="btva">{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Ako-Mayama/|title=Ako Mayama (visual voices guide) - Behind The Voice Actors|work=behindthevoiceactors.com|accessdate=2021-04-09}}</ref>
=== OVA ===
* ''Cyber City Oedo 808'' (1990) dị ka Kelly
* ''Ụgbọ mmiri 707R'' (2003) dị ka Ardemis
* ''one Punch Man: Road to Hero'' (2015) ka Landlady
=== Egwuregwu vidiyo ===
* ''Super Robot wars: Original Generation'' (2007) dị ka Aguilla Sterne <ref name="btva" />
* ''Super Robot Wars V'' (2017) dị ka Black Noir <ref name="btva" />
* ''Super Robot Wars X'' (2018) dị ka Black Noir <ref name="btva" />
* ''Super Robot Wars T'' (2019) dị ka Black Noir <ref name="btva" />
* ''Final Fantasy VII Remake'' (2020) dị ka Mireille <ref name="btva" />
=== Ọrụ ntinye akwụkwọ ===
==== Omume ngosi ozigbo ====
* ''Billy Madison'' (Juanita)
* ''ER'' (Nọọsụ Haleh Adams ( Yvette Freeman )) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.superdramatv.com/line/er/cast/detail.html|title=ER 緊急救命室|accessdate=October 30, 2021|work=SuperDramaTV|archivedate=October 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030052432/http://www.superdramatv.com/line/er/cast/detail.html}}</ref>
* ''ET nke Extra-terrestrial'' (ET )
* ''Ghostbusters'' (Gozer)
* The Lord of the Rings(Lobelia Sackville-Baggins)
* ''Egwuregwu oghere'' (Ntụpọ Matrix)
==== Ngosi Anụmanụ ====
* ''101 Dalmatians: Usoro'' (Mooch na Princess)
* ''Adventure Time'' (Cake the Cat) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cartoonnetwork.jp/cn_programs/ms_menu/00483/00021|title=キャラクター アドベンチャー・タイム|work=Cartoon Network|accessdate=October 17, 2020}}</ref>
* ''Charlotte Web'' (The Goose) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paramount.jp/search/detail.php?id=400|title=シャーロットのおくりもの オリジナル・アニメーション|accessdate=August 21, 2021|work=Paramount}}</ref>
* ''Disney's House of Mouse'' (Clarabelle Cow)
* ''Happy Feet'' (Ms. Astrakhan)
* ''Infinity Train'' (Nwamba)
* ''Jimmy Neutron: Boys Genius'' (Sheen Estevez)
* ''Spider Man the Animated Series'' ( Madame Web )
* ''SWAT Kats: radical Squadron'' (Molly Mange)
== Nrụtụaka ==
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://kenyu-office.com/mayamaako/ Ibe profaịlụ]
* Ako Mayama
* https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Ako-Mayama/
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
o4sicdspprcgta2vhvzm32ba1l41idk
Ahmed Fatimah Bisola
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'''Ahmed Fatimah Bisola''' bụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na mmepe ịsị obodo mmadụ, [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara Steeti]] ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Kwara govt sets new date for common entrance exams|url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-govt-sets-new-date-for-common-entrance-exams/|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=The Informant247 News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Reporters|first=Kwara|title=Hajiyah Ahmad Bisola Fatimah Appreciates Kwarans Supports|url=http://www.kwarareporters.com/2019/11/thank-you-ilorin-west-thank-you-kwarans.html|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=Kwara Reporters|archivedate=2020-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128101907/http://www.kwarareporters.com/2019/11/thank-you-ilorin-west-thank-you-kwarans.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-22|title=Gov. Abdulrazaq presents 6 additional commissioner nominees|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/22/gov-abdulrazaq-presents-6-additional-commissioner-nominees/|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=P.M. News|language=en-US}}</ref>.
== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Fatimah Ahmed nwetara akwụkwọ ikike nkuzi ya n'aka Kansul Ndi Nkụzi Ndebanye aha nke Naijiria dị ka onye nkuzi ọkachamara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=EduCeleb|date=2020-03-14|title=Leading by example: Kwara education commissioner gets TRCN licence|url=https://educeleb.com/leading-by-example-kwara-education-commissioner-gets-trcn-licence/|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=EduCeleb|language=en-GB|archivedate=2020-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127192050/https://educeleb.com/leading-by-example-kwara-education-commissioner-gets-trcn-licence/}}</ref> Dị ka kọmishọna na-ahụ maka mmụta na Kwara, ọ kpugheere iji Ozi na teknụzụ nkwukọrịta na Kwara Steeti igbanwe ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=You are being redirected...|url=https://businessday.ng/education/article/we-will-use-ict-to-transform-education-sector-in-kwara-commissioner/|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=businessday.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Press|first=Princewill|date=2020-04-26|title=Kwara: Milestones of Hon. Ahmed Fatimah Bisola In Education Sector|url=https://factualtimesng.com/kwara-milestones-of-hon-ahmed-fatimah-bisola-in-education-sector/|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=Factual Times|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127230559/https://factualtimesng.com/kwara-milestones-of-hon-ahmed-fatimah-bisola-in-education-sector/}}</ref> o nwetara akwụkwọ ikike nkuzi ya n'aka Kansụl Ndị Nkụzi Ndebanye aha nke Naijiria.
== Ọrụ ==
N'ime ọrụ ya, o debere oge maka ide ọnụ ụzọ mbata maka ụmụ akwụkwọ praịmarị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Kwara govt sets new date for common entrance exams|url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-govt-sets-new-date-for-common-entrance-exams/|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=The Informant247 News|language=en-US}}</ref> ọ na-ekpughe na ọ nweghị ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla kwesịrị ịnakọta ego ụlọ akwụkwọ maka oge nke atọ na Kwara Steeti. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Justice|date=2020-10-03|title=Kwara Schools Resume Monday, Warned Not To Collect Third Term Fees|url=https://theeditorngr.com/kwara-schools-resume-monday-warned-not-to-collect-third-term-fees/|accessdate=2020-11-20|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128030642/https://theeditorngr.com/kwara-schools-resume-monday-warned-not-to-collect-third-term-fees/}}</ref> ọ dọkwara aka na ntị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nkeonwe ka ha kpachara anya ma gbaa mbọ imegide COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hajiya Ahmed Fatimah-Bisola Archives ⋆ .|url=https://www.herald.ng/tag/hajiya-ahmed-fatimah-bisola/|accessdate=2020-11-22|work=herald.ng|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201021107/https://www.herald.ng/tag/hajiya-ahmed-fatimah-bisola/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-05|title=Kwara Govt Tasks Principals On Compliance With COVID-19 Guidelines ⋆|url=https://www.herald.ng/kwara-govt-tasks-principals-on-compliance-with-covid-19-guidelines/|accessdate=2020-11-22|work=herald.ng|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209202309/https://www.herald.ng/kwara-govt-tasks-principals-on-compliance-with-covid-19-guidelines/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|title=Post Covid-19: UBEC trains Kwara Head Teachers and JSS Principals|url=https://www.newsdiary.com.ng/2020/09/16/post-covid-19-ubec-trains-kwara-head-teachers-and-jss-principals/|accessdate=2020-11-22|work=News Diary|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075340/https://www.newsdiary.com.ng/2020/09/16/post-covid-19-ubec-trains-kwara-head-teachers-and-jss-principals/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwara Govt Tasks Principals On Compliance With COVID-19 Guidelines {{!}} Independent Newspapers Nigeria|url=https://www.independent.ng/kwara-govt-tasks-principals-on-compliance-with-covid-19-guidelines/|accessdate=2020-11-22|work=www.independent.ng}}</ref> ọ dọrọ ndị nne na nna aka ná ntị ka ha ghara ikwe ka ụmụ ha mee omume ọjọọ ọ bụla dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ilorin|first=Ismail Adebayo|date=2020-03-17|title=Kwara to arrest loitering pupils, students|url=https://dailytrust.com/kwara-to-arrest-loitering-pupils-students|accessdate=2020-11-22|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2020-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129204106/https://dailytrust.com/kwara-to-arrest-loitering-pupils-students}}</ref>
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
kh55ff9ynnjafai8qmuzgu7qubddcnd
Ayo Akínwándé
0
14299
705054
577870
2026-08-19T10:45:43Z
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'''Ayo Akínwándé''' (amụrụ na [[Lagos]], Nigeria) bụ onye [[Naijiria]] na-ese ihe n'oge a, onye nlekọta, na onye odee. A maara ya maka eserese multimedia ya doro anya ma rụọ ọrụ na mpempe akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayo Akínwándé|url=https://lecube-art.com/artiste/ayo-akinwande/?lang=en|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=Le Cube|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Take Me Somewhere – Theatre SCOTLAND|url=https://www.theatrescotland.com/take-me-somewhere/|accessdate=2021-08-10|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=douw|title=African Crossroads / The journey to the future - ART AFRICA magazine|url=https://artafricamagazine.org/african-crossroads-journey-future/|accessdate=2021-08-10|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Ayo Akínwándé ma zụlite ya na [[Lagos]], Naijiria. Ọ gụrụ Architecture na Covenant University Nigeria .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Ayọ̀ Akínwándé|url=https://www.tique.art/artists/ayo-akinwande/|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=Tique {{!}} publication on contemporary art|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Page|url=https://www.thegallowgate.art/kobionyameversus|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=The Gallow Gate|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Editors|first=T. S. A.|date=2020-05-17|title=Diary of an Artist During COVID-19 Pandemic: Ayọ̀ Akínwándé|url=https://thesoleadventurer.com/diary-of-an-artist-during-covid-19-pandemic-ayo-akinwande/|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=The Sole Adventurer|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810153644/https://thesoleadventurer.com/diary-of-an-artist-during-covid-19-pandemic-ayo-akinwande/}}</ref>
== Ihe ngosi ==
Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ naanị ha:
* ''Power Show III - The God-Fathers Must Be Crazy'', Darling Foundry Montreal Quebec, Canada 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MutualArt.com - The Web's Largest Art Information Service.|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Ay%E1%BB%8D-Akinwande--Power-Show-III---The-God-/904C475C2A67DC76|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=www.mutualart.com|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Power Show II'': The God-Fathers Are Not To Blame, ''Revolving Art Incubator'', Lagos (Nigeria) 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mitter|first=Siddhartha|date=2019-02-08|title=Lagos, City of Hustle, Builds an Art ‘Ecosystem’|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/arts/design/lagos-nigeria-art-x-art.html|accessdate=2021-08-10}}</ref>
* ''Power Show I'', ''Omenka Gallery'', Lagos (Nigeria) 2018.
* ''Deaf vs Dumb II'', National Museum, Lagos 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fonderie Darling {{!}} Akínwándé, Ayọ̀|url=https://fonderiedarling.org/en/Akinwande-Ayo|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=fonderiedarling.org}}</ref>
*
== Mbipụta ==
* “2019Victor Ehikhamenor: From the Village to the World, and Back Again”, The Art Momentum.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Momentum|first=The Art|date=2019-09-02|title=Victor Ehikhamenor: From the Village to the World, and Back Again|url=https://theartmomentum.com/victor-ehikhamenor/|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=The Art Momentum|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* 2018 ''Na-eche ihu n'eziokwu Naijiria na-enweghị ngwọta'' na Ngosipụta 'Salvage Therapy' The Sole Adventurer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-21|title=Confronting an Unaddressed Nigerian Reality in the Exhibition 'Salvage Therapy' {{!}} By Ayò Akínwándé|url=https://thesoleadventurer.com/confronting-an-unaddressed-nigerian-reality-in-the-exhibition-salvage-therapy-by-ayo-akinwande/|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=The Sole Adventurer|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810153644/https://thesoleadventurer.com/confronting-an-unaddressed-nigerian-reality-in-the-exhibition-salvage-therapy-by-ayo-akinwande/}}</ref>
* 2020 "''Who Art Exhibition Epp?''", People's Stories Project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who art exhibition ‘epp’? {{!}} People's Stories Project|url=https://www.psp-culture.com/art/who-art-exhibition-epp/|accessdate=2021-08-10|work=www.psp-culture.com|archivedate=2021-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810153645/https://www.psp-culture.com/art/who-art-exhibition-epp/}}</ref>
== Leekwa ==
* [[Lemi Ghariokwu]]
* [[Ade Adekola]]
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://ayoakinwande.com Ayo Akinwande Official website]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
3vif3wugdmr4u06tawcgbyt2euprt4p
Ato Malinda
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== Works ==
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Ato Malinda''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Alex Mawimbi'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Origins of Feminist Intersectionality|url=https://www.contemporaryand.com/de/magazines/the-origins-of-feminist-intersectionality/|accessdate=2020-11-10|work=Contemporary And|language=de|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205063326/http://www.contemporaryand.com/de/magazines/the-origins-of-feminist-intersectionality/}}</ref> bụ onye na-ese ihe dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ato Malinda|url=https://www.si.edu/object/yt_hDaekI5ua4k|accessdate=2020-08-20|work=Smithsonian Institution|language=en}}</ref>
== Mmalite ndụ ==
N'afọ 1981, a mụrụ ya na Kenya, dị ka nwa nwanyị nke nne onye Kenya na nna onye Uganda. O tolitere na Netherlands, mana ọ laghachiri Kenya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ kwagara USA ebe ọ gụrụ Nka Akụkọ ihe mere gbochie na Molekula Biologị na Mahadum Texas . O nwere oge siri ike mgbe ọ bụ nwata nke enweghị ike imeju ọchịchọ nna ya nke ịghọ dọkịta, yana ịnagide ihere nke na-abịa na ịbụ nwanyị na-edina nwanyị n'obodo ya. N'afọ 2006 mgbe ọ kwagara London maka obere oge, ọchịchọ ya ịchụso nka bilitere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Radar|first=Art|title=Ato Malinda on sexuality, African feminism and performance as art – interview {{!}} Art Radar|url=https://artradarjournal.com/2014/08/01/ato-malinda-on-sexuality-african-feminism-and-performance-as-art-interview/|accessdate=2020-08-20|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419151227/https://artradarjournal.com/2014/08/01/ato-malinda-on-sexuality-african-feminism-and-performance-as-art-interview/}}</ref> A maara Ato Malinda dịka Alex Mawimbi. Aha mbụ ahụ bịara na-anọchi anya ncheta nke nna ya na ezinụlọ ya na-emegbu ya. Mgbe nne di nwunye ya nwụsịrị n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na dị ka mmegharị ọgwụgwọ, o kpebiri ịghara ịkpọ aha ahụ ọzọ. Alex n'aka nke ọzọ bụ aha dị mma, ọ na-akọwa, na Mawimbi bụ okwu Swahili maka ebili mmiri - na-ezo aka na Oké Osimiri India nke dị n'akụkụ Kenya, mba dị na ID ya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Bouwhuis|first=Jelle|date=2019-02-02|title=Alex Mawimbi|url=https://africanah.org/alex-mawimbi/|accessdate=2020-08-20|work=AFRICANAH.ORG|language=en-US}}</ref> O mechara laghachi Kenya ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ nka: nka vidio, nka arụmọrụ, ntinye, eserese, na eserese. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta n'efu. Ato bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ole na ole na ndida anyanwụ nke Afrịka ma ma na-alụ ọgụ siri ike maka ịdọ aka ná ntị nka a na-amaghị ama ka a nabata ya. A na-agbanwe ọtụtụ n'ime ihe omume Ato ka ọ bụrụ ihe osise vidio, na oghere ọhụrụ na echiche agbakwunyere na arụmọrụ mbụ<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Devearts|url=http://www.devearts.com/ato-malinda|accessdate=2020-08-20|work=Devearts|archivedate=2020-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008005403/http://www.devearts.com/ato-malinda}}</ref>
== Works ==
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
coataf8vuub9wrxfw2kb7713zkpmicy
Amaza Lee Meredith
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Amaza Lee Meredith''' (Ọgọọst 14, 1895), bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye nkuzi na onye na-ese ihe. Meredith enweghị ike ịbanye n'ọrụ ahụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ n'ihi "agbụrụ ya na okike ya" dị ka nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka, ma rụọ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi nka na Mahadum Virginia State (nke Virginia State College / Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute), ebe o guzobere ngalaba nka.<ref name=":0" /> A maara ya nke ọma maka ebe obibi ya, Azurest South, ebe ya na onye mmekọ ya, Dr. Edna Meade Colson, biri.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Architecture in the United States|author=Upton|first=Dell|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|isbn=9780192842176|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/architectureinun0000upto/page/273 273]|url=https://archive.org/details/architectureinun0000upto/page/273}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, o guzobere Azurest Syndicate Inc., ebe ezumike maka ndị isi ojii Amerịka nọ n'etiti na Sag Harbor NY. Dị ka nwanyị ojii gụrụ akwụkwọ, Meredith bụ ihe atụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nwanyị ojii nwere onwe ya n'ụzọ ego na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-ebi n'oge Jim Crow Segregation Laws.<ref name=":8">Jaqueline Taylor, “Amaza’s Azurest; Modern Architecture and the ‘new negro’ woman” Suffragette City: Women, Politics, and the Built Environment (NYC: Routledge, 2020), 33-53.</ref>
== Ndụ mmalite na ezinụlọ ==
[[Usòrò:AzurestSouthView1.JPG|thumb|Azurest South]]
A mụrụ Meredith na Lynchburg, Virginia dị ka nwa nwanyị Samuel Peter Meredith Na Emma Pink Kenney.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.livingplaces.com/people/amaza-lee-meredith.html|title=Amaza Lee Meredith|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=Living Places|publisher=The Gombach Group}}</ref> O nwere ụmụnne atọ, ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ na otu nwanne nwoke. Meredith na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya bụ Maude nwere mmekọrịta dị mma. Samuel, nna Amaza, bụ ọkwá nkà, na Emma, nne ya, bụ onye na-akwa ákwà. Nna ya bụ onye ọcha na nne ya bụ onye ojii, ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị iwu mgbochi nke ịlụ di na nwunye na Virginia.<ref name=":9"/> Na asambodo ọmụmụ Amaza Lee Meredith, a na-akọwa ya naanị dị ka nwa nwanyị Emma Kenney. A hapụrụ aha nna ahụ. Ka o sina dị, Samuel Meredith lekọtara ezinụlọ ya ma wuoro ha ụlọ ebe ọ kwagara afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị. Ọ kwadokwara ha ego.<ref name=":8">Jaqueline Taylor, “Amaza’s Azurest; Modern Architecture and the ‘new negro’ woman” Suffragette City: Women, Politics, and the Built Environment (NYC: Routledge, 2020), 33-53.</ref> N'ikpeazụ, ndị mụrụ ya gara Washington, D.C. na ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị iche iche iji lụọ di ma mesịa biri ọnụ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Virginia Foundation for the Humanities|title=Azurest South|url=http://www.aahistoricsitesva.org/items/show/30#.Vie9xiuYEsI|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=African American Historic Sites Database|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184919/http://www.aahistoricsitesva.org/items/show/30#.Vie9xiuYEsI}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nna ya malitere ịla azụmaahịa n'iyi n'ihi alụmdi na nwunye na-ese okwu ma n'oge na'oge na na-adịghịkwa anya ọ nọ n'ụgwọ. O gburu onwe ya na 1915.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Amaza Lee Meredith (1895-1984)|url=http://www.vsuaaonline.com/azurest-south/amaza-lee-meredith-1895-1984|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=Virginia State University Alumni Association|publisher=Virginia State University}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndụ ezinụlọ siri ike n'ezinụlọ agbụrụ, nne na nna abụọ ahụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Meredith. Nna ya, onye ọkwá nkà, kụziiri ya otu esi ese ụkpụrụ ma wuo ihe nlereanya. O kụnyere n'ime ya ọchịchọ ịghọ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Nne ya, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa akwa tupu ya amụọ ụmụ ya, kwenyere na agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi ihe na-emegide echiche ọha na eze. Nne Amaza gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma n'onwe ya. Ọ bụ nwanyị kwenyesiri ike, nke na-agba mbọ ma o wuru netwọk nkwado na ụlọ ụka Baptist nke Eight Street nke Lynchburg, nke bụ ebe ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ kwadoro agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ ya site n'iziga ha na kọleji.<ref name=":8" /> Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka Amaza Lee Meredith zutere onye ga-abụ enyi ya, Dr. Edna Meade Colson, onye ya na ya na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi n'oge agụmakwụkwọ ọrụ aka ya niile ma mesịa soro ya biri n'ụlọ ha "Azurest South". Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya (ma o yighị ka ọ ga-abụ na ha biri na ya) ma ha biri dị ka di na nwunye na-edina ụdị onwe ha n'ihu ọha, ọ dị mma ikwu na mmekọrịta ha na-agba mbọ ma na-ahụ n'anya.<ref name=":8" /> Ma Meredith na Colson bụ ndị otu nsọpụrụ nke Gillfield Baptist Church. Ha biri ọnụ ruo mgbe Meredith nwụrụ na 1984 ma lie ha n'akụkụ ibe ha na Petersburg, Virginia, na Eastview Cemetery. N'ozuzu, Amaza Lee Meredith nọgidere na-ebi ndụ nke oge a, nke na-eri onwe ya n'agbanyeghị ihe mgbochi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ọ ga-emeri.<ref name=":10">Dubinson, GraceLynis, "Slowly, Surely, One Plat, One Binder at a Time: Choking Out Jim Crow and the Development of the Azurest Syndicate Incorporated." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20220526005049/https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/53/</ref>
== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Njem agụmakwụkwọ Amaza Lee Meredith malitere site na ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị ọha na eze Lynchburg.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Sadler|first=Mary Harding|title=African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary 1865-1945|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=0415929598|editor=Wilson|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/africanamericana0000unse_p3b4/page/280 280–282]|chapter=Amaza Lee Meredith|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/africanamericana0000unse_p3b4/page/280}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Jackson ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'elu klas ya na 1912. N'ịbụ onye kpebisiri ike inweta asambodo nkuzi ya, ọ gara Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute (Ugbu a Virginia State University).<ref name=":9"/> Ọ bụ n'afọ mbụ ya ka ọ zutere Dr. Edna Meade Colson onye nwere mmetụta na agụmakwụkwọ Meredith site n'ịkwado ya na ndụmọdụ na ịtụ aro akwụkwọ nkuzi.<ref name=":8">Jaqueline Taylor, “Amaza’s Azurest; Modern Architecture and the ‘new negro’ woman” Suffragette City: Women, Politics, and the Built Environment (NYC: Routledge, 2020), 33-53.</ref><ref name=":11">"Amaza Lee Meredith". docomomo-us.org. Retrieved 2021-06-15</ref> Meredith mechara nweta "Summer School Professional Certificate" maka ndị nkuzi. Ugbu a na-enwe ike ịkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, ọ were ọrụ nkuzi mbụ ya wee laghachi Petersburg na 1922 iji nweta akara ugo mmụta nkuzi ya. N'oge a, ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu ikpeazụ nke klas ya na Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=A Guide to the Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912, 1930-1938 Meredith, Amaza Lee papers, 1912, 1930-1938 1982-20|url=https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vsu/vipets00005.xml|accessdate=2021-02-22|work=ead.lib.virginia.edu|archivedate=2023-12-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218022940/https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vsu/vipets00005.xml}}</ref> N'afọ 1926, ọ kwagara New York City, ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị biri na North Harlem. Ọ gara kọleji ndị nkuzi na Mahadum Columbia iji mụọ nka mara mma na ekele nka ma nweta nzere bachelọ na 1930. N'etiti ndị ọzọ, ọ gara nkuzi na ime ụlọ na ịchọ ụlọ mma ma gaa nkuzi, mkparịta ụka, ọrụ bara uru na njem na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke kpụrụ ya nghọta ya banyere usoro imewe nke oge a. N'oge a, ọ bịakwara na ndị isi ojii ọhụrụ wee too n'ime ya dị ka nwa agbọghọ ojii, nke gụrụ akwụkwọ nke na-ekwenyeghị na echiche ndị dị ugbu a. Ọzọkwa, ọ ruru eru dị ka onye otu nke iri nwere nkà, nke mgbe W.E.B. Du Bois gasịrị bụ otu ndị isi ojii Amerịka gụrụ akwụkwọ na omenala, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na sayensị nke ga-eje ozi dị ka ụdị onye ogbugbo n'etiti ndị isi ojii nke agụmakwụkwọ dị ala na ndị ọcha.<ref name=":8" /> Ọ laghachiri New York iji nweta nzere masta ya na Mahadum Columbia na 1934.<ref name=":4" />
== Ọrụ ==
=== Ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị "Summer School Certificate," Meredith malitere ịkụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ na Botetourt County, Virginia, nke a na-akpọ Indian Rock. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ n'ime obodo dị na West Virginia n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ hụrụ ọnọdụ ahụ dị njọ na ndị isi ojii "enweghị ihe, enweghị ikike na obi ụtọ". N'ebe a ka o wuru Parents-Teachers-Association, nke e bu n'uche imeziwanye ọnọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name=":8">Jaqueline Taylor, “Amaza’s Azurest; Modern Architecture and the ‘new negro’ woman” Suffragette City: Women, Politics, and the Built Environment (NYC: Routledge, 2020), 33-53.</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri Lynchburg ma kụzie ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, tupu ọ laghachi na kọleji. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1922, ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ na Dunbar High School na Botetourt County ruo afọ isii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amaza Meredith · Virginia Changemakers|url=https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/items/show/20|accessdate=2021-02-22|work=edu.lva.virginia.gov|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere bachelọ ya, ọ laghachiri Virginia ebe onye isi oche nke Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute were ya n'ọrụ ịkụzi nka. N'afọ 1935, mgbe ọ laghachiri Virginia na nzere masta ya, o guzobere ngalaba nka nke Mahadum Virginia State wee bụrụ onyeisi oche ngalaba, nke ọ nọgidere na ya ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1958. Mmụta nka Meredith kụziiri dabeere na mmụta eserese eserese, nka mara mma na ụkpụrụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọzọkwa, o guzobere agụmakwụkwọ nka abụọ ma bụrụ akụkụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke Alumni Association.<ref name=":8" />
=== Ọrụ na Architecture ===
Nkwado Meredith na ezinụlọ ya, ndị enyi ya, na ọganihu nke Black cultural equity bụ ihe nduzi n'oge ọrụ ya niile. Meredith natara onyinye ala mbụ nke Virginia maka ndị ọkà mmụta Afrịka Amerịka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Architecture — Amaza Lee Meredith|url=https://shainamote.com/blogs/journal/women-in-architecture-amaza-lee-meredith|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=Shaina Mote|language=en}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na Amaza abụghị onye na-ede aha, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ojii ole na ole na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ahụ, yana otu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ojii ole na ise na-ese ihe na mba ahụ. (Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị US nke 1910, ọ bụ naanị ndị ojii na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ iri ise na itoolu na ndị isi ojii iri anọ na asaa na-ese ihe ka e were n'ọrụ.) Eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Meredith efunahụla, Mahadum Virginia State na-aga n'ihu na-asọpụrụ ihe ndị a ma ama ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amaza Lee Meredith (1895-1984)|url=https://www.vsuaaonline.com/azurest-south/amaza-lee-meredith-1895-1984|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=www.vsuaaonline.com}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị kpọmkwem ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ya, a na-ekwu na Amaza nwere ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka ụlọ na Virginia, [[Texas]], na New York. Ndị a ma ama n'ime ha bụ nnukwu ụlọ abụọ dị na Azurest North. N'agbanyeghị enweghị ọzụzụ ọ bụla n'ihe owuwu, Meredith rụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ maka ezinụlọ ya na ndị enyi ya na Virginia, New York na Texas. Ihe owuwu mbụ ya bụ Azurest South, nke e wuchara na 1939 ma Meredith chepụtara ya kpamkpam na International Style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vsu/vipets00005.xml|title=A Guide to the Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912, 1930-1938|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=Johnston Memorial Library|publisher=Virginia State University|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063859/http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vsu/vipets00005.xml}}</ref> Ya na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, Colson, kwagara n'otu mgbe ọ gwụchara ma ọ ga-abụ ebe obibi ha maka ndụ ha niile.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places|publisher=University Press of Virginia|year=1995|isbn=0813916003|location=Charlottesville, Virginia|pages=17–19|editor=Loth}}</ref><ref name=":8">Jaqueline Taylor, “Amaza’s Azurest; Modern Architecture and the ‘new negro’ woman” Suffragette City: Women, Politics, and the Built Environment (NYC: Routledge, 2020), 33-53.</ref><ref name=":9">“Amaza Lee Meredith”, Roberta Washington, Jaqueline Taylor, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, https://dna.bwaf.org/architect/meredith-amaza-lee</ref><ref name=":11">"Amaza Lee Meredith". docomomo-us.org. Retrieved 2021-06-15</ref>
A na-ewere Azurest South dị ka ihe atụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke International Style na Virginia ma gosipụta mmasị ya na imewe avant-garde.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vsuaaonline.com/azsouth/|title=Azurest South|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=Virginia State University Alumni Association|publisher=Virginia State University|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509125203/http://www.vsuaaonline.com/azsouth/|archivedate=9 May 2008}}</ref> Meredith jikwa Azurest South mee ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nka nke ya.<ref name=":2"/> Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'idepụta ụdị ndụ ya na ihe ọ rụzuru na Azurest site na foto.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinnamontraveler.org/category/public-history-programming/azurest-amaza-lee-meredith/|title=Azurest at VAF 2014 - Participation|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=21 October 2015|work=Cinnamon Traveler|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813223901/http://www.cinnamontraveler.org/category/public-history-programming/azurest-amaza-lee-meredith/|archivedate=13 August 2015}}</ref> Ihe ndekọ echekwara na ihe fọdụrụ na Azurest akpaliwo nyocha intersectional banyere agbụrụ, queerness, na imewe oghere n'oge Jim Crow Era.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Graham Foundation > Grantees > Michael Borowski|url=http://grahamfoundation.org/grantees/5908-azurest|accessdate=2021-02-23|work=grahamfoundation.org}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, o jiri nkà ya mara mma na nka mee ihe iji hazie atụmatụ agba ma see ụkpụrụ maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ya na Kọmitii Alumni House rụkọtara ọrụ site na 1949 gaa n'ihu n'ịtụ aro ka e mepụta Alumni House. Mgbe a jụrụ aro ya, o kpebiri inye ọkara Azurest South na Alumni Association mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na-enwe olileanya na a ga-eji ya mee ihe dị ka Alumni House, dịka ọ dị taa.<ref name=":9"/> Meredith rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nke ịchọ mma ime ụlọ na Kọmitii ụlọ ka mma.<ref name=":8">Jaqueline Taylor, “Amaza’s Azurest; Modern Architecture and the ‘new negro’ woman” Suffragette City: Women, Politics, and the Built Environment (NYC: Routledge, 2020), 33-53.</ref> N'afọ 1947, Meredith malitere ịmepụta mpaghara otu narị na iri abụọ na Sag Harbor nke a na-akpọ Azurest North ya na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya Maude. E kere Azurest North dị ka ebe ezumike maka [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] nọ n'etiti.<ref name=":2" /> Iji zụlite Azurest North, ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ahụ na ndị mmepe ndị ọzọ guzobere otu, nke a na-akpọ Azurest Syndicate, nke rụrụ ọrụ iji mepụta obodo ntụrụndụ Afrịka Amerịka.<ref name=":6" /> A na-ere ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye ego na Sag Harbor.<ref name=":9" /> Meredith rụrụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ n'ime ụlọ ndị a. Terry Cottage, nke bụ nke nwanne ya nwanyị Maude Terry ma wuo ya na 1949 ka e mere ya na akụkụ yiri nke Azurest South. Edendot, nke ndị enyi ya Ed na Dot Spaulding bụ ụlọ Prairie Style. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, ọ were ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Azurest Syndicate Inc.<ref name=":10"/> Azurest South ghọrọ ebe obibi nke Virginia State University National Alumni Association na 1986, a gbakwunyere ụlọ ahụ na National Register of Historic Places na 1993. Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị mere eme kwadoro akara okporo ụzọ Meredith n'afọ 2008.
=== Ihe Ndị Ọzọ Ọ rụzuru ===
Meredith bụkwa onye mepụtara ihe. N'afọ 1955, ọ natara ikike ikike maka ihe eji etinye ya na akpa golf.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/africanamericana0000unse_p3b4|title=African-American architects : a biographical dictionary, 1865-1945|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|others=Wilson, Dreck Spurlock.|isbn=0415929598|location=New York|oclc=60712152}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ mepụtara "Kant Drop", elu nke enwere ike itinye na akpa ọ bụla a na-emegharị.<ref name=":10"/> Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ụlọ ma na-ese ihe n'afọ ndị 1960. E gosipụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise ya na Virginia Museum of Fine Arts na gallery na New York na [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]], ụfọdụ ka na-egosi na Gillfield Baptist Church ma ọ bụ na-akwụnye n'ụlọ ndị bi na ya. N'afọ ndị 1970, Meredith mepụtara akara ngosi iji mee ihe maka mgbanwe aha maka National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
== Edensibia ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Atiba''' bụ otu [[Ȯra Ọyọ|ógbè]] Gọọmentị Obodo na Oyo Steeti, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Offa Meta .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Atiba Local Government Area|url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Atiba-Local-Government-Area/21065/|accessdate=2022-02-26|work=www.finelib.com}}</ref>
O nwere mpaghara nke Kilomita Otu puku na narị asaa na iri ise na asaa na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ otu narị na iri isii na asatọ, narị abụọ na iri anọ na isii na ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2006.
Koodu Nzipu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ Narị abụọ na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2009-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=7 October 2009}}</ref>
Ụfọdụ n'ime mpaghara ndị dị n'okpuru Gọọmentị Obodo Atiba gụnyere Agunpopo, Aremo, [[Ashipa]], Bashorun, Aaatan, Abolupe, Afonja, Agbaabaa, Agbaakin, Agbalowo-Asa, Agberinde, Ajalaruru, [[Ajegunle]], Ajikobi, Akinku, Alaafin Palace, Alubata, Alusekere, Are-Ermunmunmun, Asan Ele, Akamu, Ayetoro, Baago, Bal Bal Balononon Maje, Bang, Bangu, Basorun, On Onkoku, Ol Ol Ol Olki, Ol Olki Ol Ol Olkoku, Ak Akoro, Ol Olkono, Ol Olon, Ol Olok, Ol Ol, Ol Olom, Ol Olka, Ol Oloka, Ol Olot, Ol Olol, Ol Oluk, Ol Olko, Ol Olke, Ol Olba, Ol Ol<ref name=":0" />
== Ndepụta nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ugbu a na ndị gara aga ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Aha
!Ọfịs
!Oge ọ nọrọ
|-
|Prince Akeem Adeniyi Adeyemi
|Onye isi oche nke Gọọmentị Obodo
|2007 - 2010
|-
|Prince Akeem Adeniyi Adeyemi
|Onye isi oche na-elekọta
|2011 - 2014
|-
|Okeniyi Gbolagade
|Onye isi oche na-elekọta
|2016 - 2018
|-
|Hon. Ibrahim Sulaiman Akinkunmi
|Onye isi oche na-elekọta<ref>{{Cite web|title=Principal Officers – Atiba LGA|url=https://atiba.oyostate.gov.ng/principal-officers/|accessdate=2022-02-26|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226115456/https://atiba.oyostate.gov.ng/principal-officers/}}</ref>
|2020- 2021
|-
|Kafilat Olakojo
|Onye isi oche
|2021 - Ugbu a
|}
== Ihe omume na ihe omume ndị a ma ama na Gọọmentị Obodo Atiba ==
* Ihe mberede ọkụ nke Akesan Market: Ahịa Akesan ochie, nke a makwaara dị ka Oja Oba, nke dị n'etiti obodo ahụ na naanị mita ole na ole site n'obí Alaafin nke Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi, ọkụ gbara n'isi ụtụtụ Sunday, 5th Jenụwarị 2020, na-eri ụlọ ahịa na ngwaahịa niile ruru '''ihe''' karịrị ijeri N20. Ihe karịrị ndị ahịa Narị itoolu hapụrụ n'oké ihe mgbu na ihe mgbu mgbe ọkụ ahịa mebiri ịdị jụụ nke obodo ochie ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Gọvanọ nke Oyo Steeti, Gọvemba Seyi Makinde bịara ịzọpụta site na ịtọhapụ nde N781.7 iji wughachi ahịa Akesan karịrị afọ Narị Anọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=News Agency Of|date=2020-08-12|title=Makinde flags off N781.7m reconstruction of Akesan market in Oyo|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/makinde-flags-off-n7817m-reconstruction-of-akesan-market-in-oyo/fbb5l11|accessdate=2022-02-26|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226122500/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/makinde-flags-off-n7817m-reconstruction-of-akesan-market-in-oyo/fbb5l11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-07|title=How 400-yr-old Oyo market was razed in its first fire incident|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-400-yr-old-oyo-market-was-razed-in-its-first-fire-incident/|accessdate=2022-02-26|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> A kpughere ahịa Akesan e wughachiri na June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-04|title='691 shops, new clinic' -- Oyo unveils rebuilt market 17 months after fire incident|url=https://www.thecable.ng/691-shops-clinic-oyo-unveils-rebuilt-market-17-months-after-fire-incident|accessdate=2022-02-26|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Ntọala nke Mahadum Atiba<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home - Atiba University, Oyo, Nigeria|url=https://www.atibauniversity.edu.ng/#:~:text=Atiba%20University%20was%20established%20in,economic%20growth%20and%20national%20development.|accessdate=2022-02-26|work=www.atibauniversity.edu.ng}}</ref>
* Ihe owuwu na-aga n'ihu nke Atiba Radio<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-13|title=Approved: N100 Million for Atiba FM + More Updates from Oyo State This Week {{!}} Oyo State Feedback Service|url=https://feedbackoysg.com/n100-million-for-atiba-fm-more-news/|accessdate=2022-02-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
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{{Databox}}[[Usòrò:Aïssata Tall Sall.jpg|thumb|Aïssata Tall Sall]]
'''Aïssata Tall Sall''' (Amụrụ na 12 Disemba 1957) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Senegal bụ onye bụ Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ kemgbe Nọvemba 2020.
A mụrụ Tall na 12 Disemba 1957 na Podor ma si n'ezinụlọ Marabout na-agbaso omenala.<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.senegel.org/en/people-society/celebrities/peopledetails/1862|title=Aissata Tall Sall|publisher=Senegel - Senegalese Next Generation of Leaders|accessdate=2022-10-21|archivedate=2025-12-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216050403/https://www.senegel.org/en/people-society/celebrities/peopledetails/1862}}</ref><ref name="JA2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/234955/politique/senegal-aissata-tall-sall-objectif-presidentielle/|title=Sénégal : Aïssata Tall Sall, objectif présidentielle|language=French|date=15 June 2015|accessdate=16 November 2020|publisher=Jeune Afrique|first=Mehdi|author=Ba}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị itoolu na ụmụ nwoke abụọ ma kwaga Dakar maka agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị.<ref name="JA2" /> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum nke Dakar ma mgbe ndị Bar Council agaghị etinye ha, ya na ndị ọka iwu iri atọ ndị ọzọ na-eto eto kpọgara ha n'ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ma merie.<ref name="JA2" /> E debara aha ya na Senegal Bar n'afọ 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ordredesavocats.sn/trouver-un-avocat-inscrit-a-lordre/sall-aissata-tall/|language=French|title=Sall Aissata Tall|publisher=Ordre Des Avocats u Senegal|accessdate=2022-10-21|archivedate=2022-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021201046/https://ordredesavocats.sn/trouver-un-avocat-inscrit-a-lordre/sall-aissata-tall/}}</ref>
Tall bụ ọkachamara na iwu azụmaahịa tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ onye nkwado n'ọtụtụ ikpe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide ọchịchị Wade site n'afọ 2000 ruo afọ 2012.<ref name="JA2" /> Ọ nọchitekwara anya [[Togo|ndị]] ọchịagha Ivorian Lassana Palenfo na Ibrahim Coulibaly, onye bụbu onye isi ala [[Mauritania]] Mohamed Ould Haidalla, onye bụzi praịm minista Togo Agbéyomé Kodjo na [[Côte d'Ivoire|onye]] isi ala [[Mali]] Dioncounda Traoré.<ref name="JA2" /> N'oge ikpe nke Palenfo na Coulibaly, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Abderrahmane Sissako bịakwutere ya ma gosipụta onwe ya na ihe nkiri 2006 ''Bamako'', banyere ikpe megide IMF na World Bank.<ref name="JA2" />
== Ebenside ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sall, Aïssata Tall}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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{{Infobox person|name=Augusta Henriques|nationality=Guinea-Bissau|occupation=Activist; government minister|organization=Tiniguena|awards=Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Augusta Henriques''' bụ onye na-eme ihe, onye nkuzi na minista gọọmentị si [[Guinea-Bissau]], onye natara onyinye Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award (Management) na 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hub|first=IISD's SDG Knowledge|title=Ramsar Announces 2012 Award Winners {{!}} News {{!}} SDG Knowledge Hub {{!}} IISD|url=http://sdg.iisd.org/news/ramsar-announces-2012-award-winners/|accessdate=2022-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Diop|first=Salif|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JPIAwAAQBAJ&dq=augusta+henriques&pg=PA199|title=The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-06388-1|language=en}}</ref>
N'afọ 1991, Henriques so guzobe otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị bụ [[Tiniguena]], nke na-eme mkpọsa maka ọrụala dị iche iche na itinye aka n'obodo na Guinea-Bissau.<ref>{{Cite web|author=equality|first=Inter Pares globalize|title=Augusta Henriques: a lifetime activist for preservation of biodiversity in Guinea-Bissau|url=https://interpares.ca/voice/augusta-henriques-lifetime-activist-preservation-biodiversity-guinea-bissau|accessdate=2022-07-03|work=Inter Pares|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818023237/https://interpares.ca/voice/augusta-henriques-lifetime-activist-preservation-biodiversity-guinea-bissau}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye mbụ guzobere Foundation for Education with Production, ọrụ ebere nke Patrick van Rensberg mepụtara.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Shillington|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ga5DwAAQBAJ&dq=augusta+henriques&pg=PA250|title=Patrick van Rensburg: Rebel, visionary and radical educationist, a biography|date=2020-07-01|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-1-77614-604-8|language=en}}</ref>
Henriques nọchitere anya mba ahụ na mba ụwa, gụnyere dịka onye nnọchi anya nye International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwAIt01PMZ4C&dq=augusta+henriques&pg=PA14|title=Proceedings|date=1997|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0394-7|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Ministry of National Education dị ka Onye isi nke Adult Education.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkhBd6D9l8oC&q=augusta+henriques|title=Afrika: German Review of Political, Economic and Cultural Affairs in Africa and Madagascar|date=1984|publisher=Afrika Verlag.|language=en}}</ref>
== Edensibịa ==
<references />
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Tiniguena ("ala a bụ ala anyị"): Augusta Henriques (ihe nkiri)
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Opha Pauline Dube (amụrụ 1960) bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu Motswana na Prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na Ngalaba Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na Mahadum Botswana. O sonyere akwụkwọ akụkọ IPCC pụrụ iche gbasara okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1.5 Celsius. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị sayensị iri na ise na-eke 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report maka United Nations.<ref name="alumnus2">{{Cite web|title=Australia Alumni, Professor Opha Pauline Dube, awarded the International Alumni of the Year – Australia Awards Africa|url=https://www.australiaawardsafrica.org/australia-alumni-professor-opha-pauline-dube-awarded-the-international-alumni-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-01-26|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Nnyocha na nkuzi ya na-elekwasị anya na akụkụ {{Infobox person|name=Opha Pauline Dube|image=Opha Pauline Dube at World Meteorological Organization.jpg|caption=Dube speaks at the [[World Meteorological Organization]] in 2019|birth_date=1960|nationality=Botswanan|education=[[Cranfield University]] (MPhil) <br> [[University of Queensland]] (PhD)
'''Scientific career'''|occupation=Associate Professor|known_for=Leading environmental scientist, who co-authored the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|website=https://www.ub.bw/connect/staff/294}}mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nke ndụ nke mgbanwe gburugbu ọru ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alumnus2" /> N'afọ 2012, o nwere mkpakọrịta nyocha ná Australian National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) na Mahadum Griffith ma nwee ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ na Environmental Change Institute na Mahadum Oxford na 2018.
== Mmụta ==
E nyere Dube MPhil ya na Applied Remote Sensing na Cranfield Institute of Technology na UK na 1989.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Staff Profiles {{!}} University of Botswana|url=https://www.ub.bw/connect/staff/294|accessdate=2021-03-26|work=www.ub.bw|archivedate=2021-04-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412155117/https://www.ub.bw/connect/staff/294}}</ref><ref name="alumnus2"/> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na PhD na Mahadum Queensland na 2000. O nwetara nzere doctorate ya n'ihi mmekorita dị n'etiti Mahadum Botswana na Mahadum Queensland nke Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation haziri. Ọrụ ahụ gụnyere nyocha enwere ike itinye usoro mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ eji eme ihe na mpaghara Australia iji nyochaa [[mmebi ala]] na Botswana.
== Ọrụ na nyocha ==
Dube bụ osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na Mahadum Botswana.<ref name=":0"/> Nchọpụta ya na nkuzi ya na-elekwasị anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nke biophysical nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na 2012, o nwere mkpakọrịta nyocha na Australia National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) na Mahadum Griffith ma nwee ọnọdụ yiri ya na Environmental Change Institute na Mahadum Oxford na 2018.<ref name="alumnus2" />
Dube bụ osote onye isi oche nke International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) n'etiti afọ 2010 na 2015<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Opha Pauline Dube {{!}} AWARD|url=https://awardfellowships.org/scientific_advisory/dr-opha-pauline-dube/|accessdate=2021-04-12|language=en-US}}</ref> ma burukwa osote onye nduzi nke Kọmitii Mgbanwe Ihu igwe nke Botswana n'etiti 2017 na 2019.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=GSDR 2023 {{!}} Department of Economic and Social Affairs|url=https://sdgs.un.org/gsdr/gsdr2023|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=sdgs.un.org}}</ref> Dube na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii ndụmọdụ sayensị nke nyocha ihu igwe maka mmepe n'Africa (CR4D) -UNECA[1] na osote onye isi oche ya nke World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Scientific Advisory Panel.<ref name=":5" />
Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị editọ-isi nke echiche Elsevier dị ugbu a na akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na gburugburu ebe obibi[1] na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke CSIRO Rangeland Journal.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nations|first=United|title=Announcing the authors of the next Global Sustainable Development Report|url=https://www.un.org/en/desa/announcing-authors-next-global-sustainable-development-report|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=United Nations|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=The World's 100 Most Influential People In Climate Policy|url=https://apolitical.co/lists/most-influential-climate-100/|accessdate=2021-03-26|work=Apolitical}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, edepụtara Dube na 100 kacha elu nke "Ndị kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa na amụma ihu igwe"[8] na Ọktoba 2020, onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị sayensị iri na ise na-eke akụkọ 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report maka United Nations.
Dube jere ozi dị ka akụkụ nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II kemgbe akụkọ nyocha nke atọ<ref name=":5"/> Otu a "na-enyocha adịghị ike nke usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba na okike na mgbanwe ihu igwe, nsonaazụ ọjọọ na nke dị mma nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na nhọrọ maka ime mgbanwe na ya".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Working Group II — IPCC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg2/|accessdate=2021-04-05}}</ref> O nyela aka na IPCC's Third,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Africa — IPCC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar3/wg2/chapter-10-africa/|accessdate=2021-04-05}}</ref> Fourth<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Ecosystems, their Properties, Goods and Services — IPCC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg2/ecosystems-their-properties-goods-and-services/|accessdate=2021-04-05}}</ref> na Fifth<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Africa — IPCC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/africa/|accessdate=2021-04-05}}</ref> Assessment Reports, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nyocha. Ọrụ ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe 2007: Mmetụta, Nkwado, na Vulnerability (AR4 WG2), dị ka akụkụ nke akụkọ nyocha nke anọ, mere ka a na-enye Dube akwụkwọ nzere Nobel Peace Prize Certificate na 2007.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2018-08-03|title=Professor Opha Pauline Dube|url=https://alumni.uq.edu.au/story/5888/professor-opha-pauline-dube|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=alumni.uq.edu.au|language=en}}</ref> Ọ nọkwa na-ahazi onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka akụkọ abụọ pụrụ iche nke IPCC: Ijikwa ihe ize ndụ nke ihe omume dị oke egwu na ọdachi gaa n'ihu mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe (SREX) <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Managing the Risks: International Level and Integration across Scales — IPCC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/managing-the-risks-of-extreme-events-and-disasters-to-advance-climate-change-adaptation/managing-the-risks-international-level-and-integration-across-scales/|accessdate=2021-04-05}}</ref> na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1.5 Celsius C (SR15) <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Chapter 1 — Global Warming of 1.5 °C|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-1/|accessdate=2021-04-05}}</ref> Dube rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nyocha maka akụkọ nyocha nyocha nke isii IPCC na-abịa, n'isiakwụkwọ akpọrọ "Nri, eriri, na ngwaahịa gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ."<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=IPCC Authors (beta)|url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/report.authors.php?q=36&p=&p|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=archive.ipcc.ch|archivedate=2021-04-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412152519/https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/report.authors.php?q=36&p=&p}}</ref>
== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==
* 2007: Onye na-anata International Nobel Peace Prize Certification <ref name=":6"/>
* 2018: "International Alumni of the Year" na Mahadum Queensland's Alumni Awards kwa afọ <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opha_Pauline_Dube#cite_note-alumnus2-2</ref>
* 2019: Edepụtara na 100 kacha elu "Ndị kacha emetụta ụwa na amụma ihu igwe"<ref name=":4"/>
== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==
* Allen, M.R., O.P. Dube, W. Solecki, F. Aragón-Durand, W. Cramer, S. Humphreys, M. Kainuma, J. Kala, N. Mahowald, Y. Mulugetta, R. Perez, M. Wairiu, na K. Zickfeld, 2018. Nhazi na ihe gbara ya gburugburu. Na: Global Warming nke 1.5°C. [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_Low_Res.pdf ''Okpomọkụ ụwa nke 1.5°C. '']Akụkọ pụrụ iche nke IPCC banyere mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa nke 1.5 °C n'elu ọkwa tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụzọ ndị metụtara ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'ihe gbasara ime ka mmeghachi omume zuru ụwa ọnụ na egwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, na mgbalị iji kpochapụ ịda ogbenye [Masson-Delmotte, V. et al. (eds.) ]. Na Press.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe jikọtara ya na usoro nnagide maka ụzọ mgbanwe na obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ. Global Environmental Change, 28, 337-350. [[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.12.007]]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Njikọ ọkụ na ihu igwe: mmekọrịta na iji ala eme ihe, ahịhịa, na ala. ''Echiche dị ugbu a na Nkwado Gburugburu Ebe Obibi'', '''1''' (2), 161-169. [[doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2009.10.008|doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2009.10.008]]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ecosystems, ihe onwunwe ha, ngwongwo, na ọrụ. Na: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg2/ ''Mgbanwe ihu igwe 2007: Mmetụta, Mgbanwe na Mgbanwe. ''] [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg2/ ''Enyemaka nke Working Group II na Akụkọ Nnyocha nke Anọ nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.''] [Parry, M.L. et al. eds.]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 211-272.
== Njikọ mpụga ==
== Ebenside ==
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]
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<references group="Notes" />
{{Reflist}}
The '''Book of Psalms''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɑː|(|l|)|m|z}} {{respell|SAH(L)MZ}}, <templatestyles src="Module:IPA/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{IPAc-en|usalso|s|ɔː|(|l|)|m|z}}; {{langx|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|תְּהִלִּים}}|Tehillīm|praises}}<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" /><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl" class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%; ">תְּהִלִּים</span>‎</span><span>, </span><small>romanized: </small><span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization">''Tehillīm''</span><span>, </span><small>lit.</small><small> </small>'<span>praises</span>'
[[Category:Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text]]
<nowiki>;</nowiki> {{langx|grc|Ψαλμός|Psalmós}}; {{langx|la|Liber Psalmorum}}; {{langx|ar|مَزْمُور|Mazmūr}}, in [[Àlakụ̀ba|Islam]] also called '''Zabur''', {{langx|ar|زَبُورُ|Zabūr}}), also known as the '''Psalter''', is the first book of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) called {{transliteration|he|[[Ketuvim]]}} ('Writings'), and a book of the Old Testament.{{sfn|Mazor|2011|p=589}}
Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma *Ntụle* 1. *Mkpokọta ukwe Hibru*: Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma bụ nchịkọta nke abụ na ekpere dị nsọ nke Hibru. 2. *Ọdịnaya*: Ọ nwere Abụ Ọma 150 n'ọdịnala Ndị Juu na Ndị Kraịst nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ, yana Abụ Ọma agbakwunyere na ụka Ndị Kraịst nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. * Nhazi* 1. * Nkeji ise*: E kewara akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma n’akụkụ ise, nke ọ bụla ji okwu doxology mechie (abụ otuto). * Ụdị Abụ Ọma* 1. *Ụdị dị iche iche*: 1. Ukwe otuto 2. Mkparịta ụka na nke onye ọ bụla 3. Abụ Ọma nke Eze 4. Abụ Ọma amụma 5. Abụ ọma ekele nke mmadụ 6. Abụ Ọma amamihe 7. Abụ Ọma nke pilgrim
<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ulrich|first=Eugene|title=Qumran Cave 4: XI: Psalms to Chronicles|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0198269434}}</ref> Onye edemede na mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị nke Abụ Ọma *Njirimara ọdịnala* E kwuru ọtụtụ Abụ Ọma n’aka Eze Devid na ndị ọzọ a kọrọ akụkọ ha na Baịbụl, gụnyere Esaf, ụmụ Kora, Mozis, na Sọlọmọn. *Echere ndị ọkà mmụta* 1. *Arụmụka ndị ode akwụkwọ*: Ndị ọkà mmụta n'oge a na-ajụ maka izi ezi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke njirimara ndị a. 2. * Ihe atụ *: Njirimara nwere ike ịbụ ụzọ ijikọ ederede na ndị ama ama. 3. * Ihe ịma aka nwoke na nwanyị na-akpa*: Ịchọpụta ụbọchị e dere Abụ Ọma siri ike. *Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme* 1. *Abụ Ọma nke Mpụga na Mpụ n’agha*: Ụfọdụ Abụ Ọma na-eche na ọ bụ mgbe ọ gachara. 2. * Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ*: Na-atụ aro ka emechabeghị nhazi na ọdịnaya nke Abụ Ọma 90-150 ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke mbụ BC. 3. * Nkà mmụta Septuagint *: Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na e mechabeghị Abụ Ọma Hibru ruo na narị afọ nke mbụ BC.
Aha asụsụ Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ sitere na okwu Grik psalmoi ({{Lang|grc|ψαλμοί}}), nke pụtara 'egwú ngwá egwu', ma site n'ịgbasawanye na-ezo aka na "okwu ndị na-eso egwu ahụ".[9] Aha Hibru ya, Tehillim, pụtara <nowiki>''</nowiki>, ebe ọ nwere ọtụtụ otuto na arịrịọ nye Chineke.
== Ọdịdị ya ==
[[Faịlụ:The_Sunday_at_Home_1880_-_Psalm_23.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke 1880 Baxter nke Abụ Ọma 23, sitere na magazin Religious Tract Society The Sunday at Home''Sọnde n'Ụlọ'']]
E kewara Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma n'akụkụ ise, nke ọ bụla na-ejedebe na doxology (ya bụ, ngọzi). O yikarịrị ka ndị editọ ikpeazụ webatara nkewa ndị a iji ṅomie nkewa ise nke Torah: [10]
=== Ihe odide ndị ọzọ ===
Ederede Abụ Ọma Ọtụtụ Abụ Ọma (116 n’ime 150) nwere ihe ndị e dekwasịrị n’elu, ndị bụ́ utu aha ma ọ bụ isiokwu ndị na-enyekwu ihe ọmụma banyere Abụ Ọma. Edemede ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye: *Ntuziaka egwu* - Ntuziaka maka "onye ndú" ma ọ bụ "choirmaster" - Nkọwa egwu akọwapụtara, dị ka "nwere ụbọ akwara" ma ọ bụ "dị ka lilies si dị" *Ụdị Abụ Ọma* - Ihe ngosi nke ụdị Abụ Ọma, dị ka "Abụ Ọma" ma ọ bụ "abụ" *Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme* - Ntụ aka n'ihe omume ma ọ bụ emume ndị a kapịrị ọnụ, dị ka "Mgbe a raara ụlọ Jehova nye" ma ọ bụ "Maka ihe ncheta" *Odee* - Ngosipụta ndị odee akọwapụtara, gụnyere: - Devid (Abụ Ọma 73) - Esaf (Abụ Ọma 12) - Ụmụ Kora (Abụ Ọma 11) - Solomon (2 Abụ Ọma) - Mozis (1 Abụ Ọma) - Ethan onye Ezra (1 Abụ Ọma) - Heman onye Ezra (1 Abụ Ọma) *Ụdị ochie* - Septuagint, Peshitta, na Vulgate Latin kwuru na ụfọdụ Abụ Ọma sitere n'aka ndị edemede ndị ọzọ, dị ka Hagaị, Zekaraịa, Ezikiel, na Jeremaịa.
=== Ọnụ ọgụgụ ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right;margin-left:1.0em;"
! style="line-height:1.25em;padding:0.25em 1.0em;" |Nọmba Hibru{{pb}} (Ndị Masoret)
! style="line-height:1.25em;padding:0.25em 1.0em;" |Nọmba ndị Gris{{pb}} (Anya iri asaa)
|-
|1–8
|1–8
|-
|9–10
|9
|-
|11–113
|10–112
|-
|114–115
|113
|-
|116
|114–115
|-
|117–146
|116–145
|-
|147
|146–147
|-
|148–150
|148–150
|}
Ọdịiche Ọnụọgụgụ Abụ Ọma Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Abụ Ọma dị iche n'etiti ihe odide Hibru (Masoretic) na Grik (Septuagint). Nsụgharị ndị Protestant na-agbasokarị ọnụọgụ Hibru, ebe ọdịnala Ndị Kraịst ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche. Ntụnyere ọnụọgụgụ - * Nọmba Hibru (Masoretic) *: Ejiri ya na ntụgharị asụsụ Protestant - * nọmba Greek (Septuagint) *: Ejiri ya na ụfọdụ ọdịnala Ndị Kraịst ndị ọzọ, dị ka Eastern Orthodox na ụfọdụ nsụgharị Katọlik. Mmetụta - * Ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụgụ *: nwere ike imetụta ntụaka aka na abụ ọma akọwapụtara n'ọdịnala dị iche iche.
* Ihe odide liturgical nke ndị Katọlik, dị ka Roman Missal, na-eji nọmba Grik
* Nsụgharị ndị Katọlik nke oge a na-ejikarị nọmba Hibru (na-egosi nọmba Grik)
* Nsụgharị ndị Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na ndị Katọlik nke Ọwụwarị na-eji nọmba Grik (na-egosi nọmba Hibru)
Ọdịiche Dị n'Ọgụgụ Abụ Ọma N'etiti Ihe odide Masoret na Septuagint A pụrụ ikwu na ọdịiche dị n'ịgụ nọmba n'etiti ihe odide Masoret (MT) na Septuagint (LXX) bụ mfu nke usoro uri mbụ nke Abụ Ọma. Mfu a nwere ike ịbụ site na iji akwụkwọ nsọ ma ọ bụ nleba anya nke akwụkwọ. Ihe atụ nke Ndịiche 1. *Abụ Ọma nke 9 na 10*: A na-ekwenyekarị na mbụ bụ otu abụ abụ, nke kewara ezighi ezi na MT. 2. * Abụ Ọma nke 42 na 43 *: Gosi myirịta n'isiokwu, usoro ihe atụ, na zere, na-atụ aro na mbụ ha bụ otu abụ abụ. 3. *Abụ Ọma nke 146 na 147*: Ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na ihe odide Hibru na-agụ ya nke ọma dị ka otu abụ ọma. Ọdịdị uri izizi Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta agbalịwo iwughachi usoro uri mbụ nke Abụ Ọma, na-akọwapụta abụ ọma mbụ ndị nwere ọtụtụ abụ ọma dị ugbu a. Ihe na-akpata ọnwụ The Pontifical Biblical Commission (May 1, 1910) na-ekwu na mfu nke usoro uri mbụ sitere n'iji akwụkwọ okpukpe eme ihe, nleba anya nke akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ.
E bipụtara nọmba amaokwu mbụ na 1509.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyBbE2tCyCIC&q=figures+%22le+fevre%22+verse+1509|title=A Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature,... Illustrated by Numerous Engravings|date=1845|publisher=Mark H. Newman|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Erste Versnummerierungen (Verszählungen in gedruckten Bibelausgaben des 16. Jahrhunderts|url=https://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/referate/theologie/versnummerierung/versnum_text.htm|accessdate=8 July 2020|work=www.wlb-stuttgart.de|language=de|archivedate=1 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001233603/https://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/referate/theologie/versnummerierung/versnum_text.htm}}</ref> Omenala dị iche iche dị ma ọ bụrụ na itinye isi okwu mbụ n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Nke a na-eduga na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na abụ ọma 62, na mgbagwoju anya nke 1, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna amaokwu 2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Psalm 12 in 5 languages|url=https://www.bibleserver.com/ESV.LUT.BTX.BDS.RSZ/Psalm12|accessdate=8 July 2020|work=BibleServer}}</ref>
=== Abụ Ọma ndị ọzọ ===
Septuagint, nke dị na chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, gụnyere Abụ Ọma 151; a chọtara nsụgharị Hibru nke a na ''Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Abụ Ọma'' nke Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ. Ụfọdụ nsụgharị nke Peshitta (Bible e ji mee ihe na Chọọchị Syriac karịsịa na Middle East) gụnyere Abụ Ọma 152-155. E nwekwara Abụ Ọma nke Solomọn, nke bụ abụ ọma 18 ọzọ sitere na ndị Juu, ma eleghị anya e dere ya na Hibru, mana ọ dị naanị na nsụgharị Grik na Syriac. Ihe ngosi ndị a na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi na a họọrọ nchịkọta nke Ndị Kraịst na ndị Juu nke 150 abụ ọma site na usoro sara mbara.
== Up noỤdị ndị bụ isi ==
Ọrụ nkatọ nke Hermann Gunkel na abụ ọma ahụ chọrọ inye ọnọdụ ọhụrụ na nke bara uru iji kọwaa abụ ọma ọ bụla - ọ bụghị site n'ile anya n'ihe odide ha n'ime Abụ Ọma (nke ọ na-ahụghị dị ka ihe dị mkpa), kama site n'ịchịkọta abụ ọma nke otu ụdị ({{Lang|de|Gattung}}) site na Psalter dum. Gunkel kewara abụ ọma n'ụdị ise:
=== Abụ Ọma ===
Ukwe Ukwe bụ abụ otuto na-eme ememe Chineke na: 1. Okike 2. Akụkọ ihe mere eme Njirimara: 1. Kpọọ otuto 2. Ihe kpatara otuto 3. Nkwughachi nke oku Ngalaba dị n'okpuru 1. *Abụ Ọma nke Eze*: Ime ememe ọchịchị Jehova 2. *Zion Abụ Ọma*: Na-eto ugwu Zaịọn, ebe obibi nke Chineke 3. *Abụ ndị nwere isiokwu pụrụ iche*: Mweghachi (Abụ Ọma 126) ma ọ bụ ikpe (Abụ Ọma 82)
[[Faịlụ:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_136.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|E gosipụtara Devid na-enye abụ ọma iji kpee ekpere maka nnapụta na ihe osise osisi a nke Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld sere na 1860.]]
Abụ ákwá obodo bụ abụ ọma nke mba ahụ na-akwa arịrị maka ọdachi obodo.[22] Ma mkpesa obodo ma nke onye ọ bụla na-agụnye ihe ndị a:
# Adreesị Chineke,
# nkọwa nke nhụjuanya,
# ọbụbụ ọnụ nke onye na-ahụ maka nhụjuanya,
# mkpesa nke enweghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ikweta ikpe ọmụma,
# arịrịọ maka enyemaka Chineke,
# okwukwe na nnata ekpere Chineke,
# atụmanya nke nzaghachi Chineke, na
# abụ ekele. [24]
N'ozuzu, enwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'otu n'otu na nke obodo site na iji otu "M" ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ "anyị". Otú ọ dị, "M" nwekwara ike igosipụta ahụmịhe onwe onye nke na-egosipụta obodo dum.[25]
[[Faịlụ:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_134.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|E gosipụtara Devid dị ka onye na-abụ abụ n'ihe osise osisi a na 1860 nke Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld sere]]
Abụ Ọma Ndị EzeAbụ Ọma nke Eze Royal Psalms na-ekwu okwu dị ka: 1. Ọchịchị 2. Alụmdi na nwunye eze 3. Agha Njirimara Ọ dịghị onye kwuru kpọmkwem ndị eze; Amabeghị mmalite na ojiji ha. Njikọ Ọ Pụrụ Ime na Alaeze Chineke Abụ Ọma 93-99 mesiri ọchịchị Chineke ike, nke nwere ike jikọta ya na ememe a na-eme kwa afọ nke na-eme ememe ọchịchị Jehova.
=== Ịkwa ákwá n'otu n'otu ===
Abụ ákwá nke ọ bụla bụ abụ ọma na-eru uju ọdịnihu nke onye na-ede abụ. Ọ bụ ụdị abụ ọma a na-ahụkarị, ha na-ejikarị arịrịọ Chineke, na-esote mkpu n'onwe ya na arịrịọ maka enyemaka, ma na-ejedebe na nkwupụta obi ike.[22] to
=== Abụ Ọma nke Onye Ọ bụla ===
Na mgbakwunye na ụdị ise ndị a, Gunkel makwaara ọtụtụ obere ụdị abụ ọma, gụnyere:
* abụ ọma ekele nke obodo, nke mba ahụ dum kelere Chineke maka nnapụta.
* amamihe abụ ọma, na-egosipụta Akwụkwọ amamihe nke Agba Ochie;
* Abụ ọma njem ala nsọ, nke ndị njem ala nsọ na-abụ mgbe ha na-aga Jeruselem.
* ọnụ ụzọ mbata na liturgies amụma; na
* otu ìgwè nke abụ ọma a gwakọtara agwakọta nke a na-enweghị ike ịnye ya na ụdị ọ bụla.[28]
== Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ==
=== Mmalite ya ===
[[Faịlụ:Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg|thumb|Devid na-ede Abụ Ọma, Paris Psalter, narị afọ nke 10<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Caqa12aj55wC|title=The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261|date=5 March 1997|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-87099-777-8|editor=Helen C. Evans|accessdate=5 March 2018}}</ref>]]
]Ihe odide Abụ Ọma na Okwu Ofufe Ẹkewet Psalm ke nsụhọde n̄kaha isua ikie ition, ọtọn̄ọde ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 10 M.E.N. (Psalm 29) tutu esịm ini emi ẹkedude ke ntan̄mfep (narị afọ nke ise TOA ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị). Ihe ka ọtụtụ sitere na Juda, nke e jikọtara ya na Ụlọ Nsọ [[Jerusalem]], ikekwe na-eje ozi dị ka ihe odide okpukpe n'oge ofufe. Ọ bụ ezie na edoghị nkọwapụta nke ọma, ụfọdụ Abụ Ọma na-egosi ọrụ ha: Ihe omume Liturgical 1. Usoro na àjà ("duo ndị njem na alaka na mpi nke ebe ịchụàjà") 2. Ihe nsure ọkụ na-esi ísì ụtọ (“Ka agụ ekpere m dị ka ihe nsure ọkụ n’ihu gị”) Ihe ọ pụtara Njikọ nke Abụ Ọma na ofufe nke Ụlọ Nsọ na-emesi ọrụ ha ike na ndụ okpukpe nke [[Israel]] oge ochie, na-enye otuto, arịrị, na amamihe n'ime usoro okpukperechi.
Dị ka ọdịnala ndị Juu si kwuo, ọ bụ Onye Mbụ (Adam), Melchizedek, [[Abram|Abraham]], [[Mozis]], Devid, Solomọn, Heman, Jeduthun, Asaph, na ụmụ atọ nke Kora dere Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma.[33] Dị ka Abraham ibn Ezra si kwuo, ndị Men of the Great Assembly dere akwụkwọ ahụ n'ikpeazụ.[34]
=== Mmetụta ===
Ụfọdụ n'ime abụ ọma na-egosi mmetụta sitere na ederede ndị ọzọ sitere na mpaghara ahụ; ihe atụ gụnyere ederede Ugarit dị iche iche na Enūma Eliš nke Babilọn. Mmetụta ndị a nwere ike ịbụ nke yiri ma ọ bụ nke dị iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Abụ Ọma nke 29 nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na uri okpukpe na isiokwu ndị Kenan. Robert Alter na-ekwu na adreesị a gwara "ụmụ Chineke" na mbido "[bụ] echiche kachasị mma banyere [dị ka] ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke akụkọ ifo nke ọtụtụ chi" mana na "okwukwe na ha... yighị ka ndị odeakwụkwọ nke mepụtara ''Abụ Ọma'' nwekọrọ".[is][as][35] A na-ahụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti nkà mmụta okpukpe nke Psalmist na okpukpe ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke ọma na Abụ Ọma 104:26, ebe akụkọ ifo nke chi oké osimiri dị egwu - dị ka Tiamat nke Babilọn, Yam nke Kenan na Leviathan nke pụtakwara na Bible Hibru - bụ "ebelata anụ ụlọ mmiri nke YHWH nwere ike igwu egwu".[37]
Abụ Bible nke Abụ Ọma na-eji parallelism dị ka usoro uri ya bụ isi. Parallelism bụ ụdị symmetry nke na-eme ka echiche dị iche iche, otu okwu, amplification, ugboro ugboro, ma ọ bụ mmegide. Nkwekọrịta yiri ya na-agụnye ahịrị abụọ na-egosipụta otu echiche ahụ. Ihe atụ nke otu okwu:
=== Ihe omume nchịkọta akụkọ ===
[[Faịlụ:Utrecht_Psalter_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Abụ Ọma nke 11 na narị afọ nke itoolu nke Utrecht Psalter, ebe ihe osise nke ederede na-abụkarị nke nkịtị.]]
NoỌtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na edepụtara Abụ Ọma n'otu n'otu ka ọ bụrụ otu nchịkọta n'oge Ụlọ Nsọ nke Abụọ. Ọ dịla anya a ghọtara na nchịkọta ahụ nwere akara nke ozi dị n'okpuru ma ọ bụ metanarrative, mana na ozi a zoro ezo, dịka [[Augustine nke Hippo]] kwuru, "N'uche m, usoro nke Abụ Ọma yiri ka ọ nwere ihe nzuzo nke ihe omimi dị ike, mana ekpughereghị m ihe ọ pụtara" (''Enarr''. na Abụ Ọma 150:1). Ndị ọzọ kwuru na e nwere njikọ - ya bụ, Abụ Ọma ndị dị n'akụkụ ya na-ekerịta okwu na isiokwu ndị yiri ya. Ka oge na-aga, usoro a mepụtara ka ọ bụrụ na a ghọtara isiokwu ndị dị mkpa nke ìgwè abụ ọma dum.
N'afọ 1985, akwụkwọ Gerald H. Wilson's The Editing of the Hebrew Psalter tụrụ aro - site na nchịkọta ukwe ndị ọzọ nke Near Eastern oge ochie - na abụ ọma na mmalite na njedebe (ma ọ bụ "mkpịsị") nke akwụkwọ ise nke Abụ Ọma nwere ihe dị mkpa, nke kwekọrọ karịsịa na ntinye nke abụ ọma ndị eze. O kwuru na e nwere ọganihu nke echiche site na ihe isi ike site na isi nke nchịkọta ahụ na ọdịda doro anya nke ọgbụgba ndụ na Abụ Ọma 89, na-eduga na nkwekọrịta otuto na njedebe. O kwubiri na edere nchịkọta ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe atụ nke ọdịda nke Ọgbụgba ndụ Devid, na-agba Izrel ume ịtụkwasị Chineke obi naanị n'ọdịnihu na-abụghị nke Mesaịa. Walter Brueggemann tụrụ aro na ebumnuche nchịkọta akụkọ dị n'okpuru na-elekwasị anya na amamihe ma ọ bụ nchegbu amamihe, na-ekwu maka otu esi ebi ndụ nke okwukwe. Abụ Ọma nke 1 na-akpọ onye na-agụ ya ndụ nrubeisi; Abụ Ọma nke 73 (abụ ọma crux nke Brueggemann) na-eche nsogbu ihu mgbe ikwesị ntụkwasị obi Chineke dị na obi; Abụ Ọma 150 na-anọchite anya mmeri okwukwe mgbe a na-eto Chineke ọ bụghị maka ụgwọ ọrụ ya kama maka ịdị adị ya. N'afọ 1997, David. C. Mitchell's The Message of the Psalter were ahịrị dị iche. N'ịdabere n'ọrụ Wilson na ndị ọzọ, Mitchell tụrụ aro na Psalter gosipụtara oge eschatological dị ka nke Zakariya 9-14 . Ihe omume a gụnyere nnabata nke Izrel a chụgara n'ala ọzọ site n'aka eze di ya nwụrụ; nguzobe alaeze ya; ọnwụ ya na-eme ihe ike; Izrel gbasasịrị n'ọzara, gbakọta ma nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ ọzọ, wee napụta ya site n'ike mmụọ, onye guzobere alaeze ya na Zaịọn, weta udo na ọganihu n'ụwa ma nata nsọpụrụ nke mba.
Echiche Atọ na Abụ Ọma Echiche atọ dị iche iche banyere Abụ Ọma bụ: 1. * Echiche David nke Na-abụghị nke Wilson* 2. * Echiche Amamihe nke Brueggemann* 3. * Echiche Eschatological-Mesaịa nke Mitchell* Evolution nke Echiche - * Mgbanwe nke Wilson *: Tupu ya agafee na 2005, Wilson tụgharịrị n'ọnọdụ ya iji tụlee ihe ọ pụtara na Mesaịa ahụ n'Abụ Ọma. - *Mgbanwe nke Mitchell*: Echiche Mitchell na-anọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-emesi ike ugbu a na mkpa okwu ahụ dị n'igosi ngbanwe na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Abụ Ọma na eschatology. Mkparịta ụka na-aga n'ihu Echiche ndị a na-aga n'ihu na-akpụzi arụmụka ndị ọkà mmụta na nkọwa nke Abụ Ọma, na-egosipụta ụzọ dị iche iche iji ghọta ihe ha pụtara na mkpa ha pụtara.
<ref>{{Cite book|author=Flint|first=Peter W.|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-978333-5|editor=Brown|chapter=Unrolling the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9jQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA240}}</ref>Ihe a chọpụtara n’akwụkwọ mpịakọta Abụ Ọma Akwụkwọ James VanderKam, "Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ Taa," na-enyocha nnukwu akwụkwọ mpịakọta Abụ Ọma sitere na Qumran, 11QPs(a), na-ekpughe: 1. * Nkwụsi ike nke Abụ Ọma nke 1-89 *: O yikarịrị ka ọ̀ gbaziri abụ ọma ndị a ná mmalite narị afọ nke mbụ TOA. 2. * Ọdịiche dị n'Abụ Ọma 90-150*: Ọdịiche dị na nhazi na ọdịnaya na-egosi na nchịkọta a mechara n'etiti narị afọ nke mbụ TOA. Mmetụta Nyocha Peter Flint na-atụ aro: 1. *Mbipụta Ọgụgụ Ọgụgụ*: Mbipụta atọ dị iche iche nke Psalter ekesara n’oge nke Ụlọ Nsọ nke Abụọ. 2. *Masoretic Version*: A gbara akaebe n'etiti akwụkwọ mpịakọta ndị dị na Masada.
== Egwú oge ochie nke Abụ Ọma ==
Edere Abụ Ọma ọ bụghị naanị dị ka uri, kama dị ka abụ maka ịbụ abụ. Dị ka onye na-akọwa Bible Saadia Gaon (882-942) onye jere ozi na geonate nke ndị Juu Babilọn si kwuo, Ndị Livaị na-abụ abụ ọma na mbụ n'ụlọ nsọ ahụ, dabere na ihe e nyere iwu maka abụ ọma ọ bụla (usoro ndị na-abụ egwú, oge na ebe a họpụtara, ngwá egwú e ji mee ihe, ụzọ e si gbuo ya, wdg), mana onye ọ bụla kwere ka ọ bụla gụọ ya na mberede n'oge ọ bụla na ebe ọ bụla.[49] Ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke abụ ọma ndị a na-ezigara Onye Nlekọta Egwú. Ụfọdụ abụ ọma na-agba onye na-efe ofufe ume ịbụ abụ (dịka Pss. 33:1-3; 92:1-3; 96:1-3; 98:1; 101:1; 150). Ụfọdụ isi okwu na-egosi ngwá egwú ndị a ga-akpọ abụ ọma (Pss. 4, 5, 6, 8, 67). Ụfọdụ na-ezo aka na ndị Livaị bụ ndị bụrụ otu n'ime abụ asatọ, otu n'etiti ha bụ nke a maara dị ka "nke asatọ" (Hibru: ''sheminit'') (Pss. 6, 12). [50] Ndị ọzọ na-echekwa aha maka ụdị ọwụwa anyanwụ oge ochie, dị ka ''ayelet ha-shachar'' (hind nke chi ọbụbọ; Ps. 22); ''shoshanim'' / ''shushan'' (lilies / ''lily''; Pss. 45; 60), nke a na-ekwu na ọ na-akọwa otu abụ; ma ọ bụ ʻalmuth / ''<nowiki/>'Alamoth''' (mute; [1] Pss.[51] 9, 46), nke, dị ka Saadia Gaon si kwuo, bụ "abụ na-adịghị ekwu okwu, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-adịghị anụ".[53]
N'agbanyeghị echiche a na-anụkarị na egwu oge ochie ha furu efu, ụzọ isi wughachi ya ka dị. A na-echekwa akụkụ nke abụ ọma ụlọ nsọ n'ụlọ nzukọ oge ochie na abụ chọọchị, ọkachasị na ''tonus peregrinus'' melody na Abụ Ọma 114. A na-eji ihe ịrịba ama Cantillation, iji dekọọ abụ a na-abụ abụ, kemgbe oge ochie; enwere ike ịchọta ihe akaebe nke ha n'ihe odide nke akwụkwọ mpịakọta kachasị ochie nke Abụ Ọma na Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ ma dịkwuo ukwuu n'ihe ederede Masoretic, nke sitere na mmalite oge etiti na ndị odeakwụkwọ Tiberian kwuru na ha na-adabere n'ọrụ ha na ihe ịrịbaanya nke oge ụlọ nsọ. (Lee 'Song of the Vine' nke Moshe ben Asher na Codex Cairensis).
E meela ọtụtụ mgbalị iji kọwaa cantillation Masoretic, mana nke kachasị "ihe ịga nke ọma" bụ nke Suzanne Haïk-Vantoura (1928-2000) na nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20. Nrụzigharị ya na-eche na ihe ịrịba ama na-anọchite anya ogo nke ọkwa egwu dị iche iche - ya bụ, ihe edeturu n'otu n'otu - nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị n'otu na omenala ndị ọzọ dị ugbu a, ebe ihe ịrịbaanya na-anọchi anya ihe ndị na-abụ abụ; ọ naghị echebara ịdị adị nke usoro ochie nke akara, dị ka usoro Babilọn Ndị Palestine. Ya mere, ndị ọkà mmụta egwu ajụla echiche Haïk-Vantoura, na nsonaazụ ya na-enyo enyo, na usoro ya ezighị ezi. N'agbanyeghị nke a, Mitchell agbachitere ya ugboro ugboro, na-egosi na, mgbe a na-etinye ya na cantillation Masoretic nke Abụ Ọma 114, ọ na-emepụta abụ a na-amata dị ka ''tonus peregrinus'' nke ụka na ụlọ nzukọ. Mitchell gụnyere ederede egwu nke abụ ọma ụlọ nsọ nke Abụ Ọma 120-134 na nkọwa ya na Songs of Ascents.
== Echiche banyere nkewa n'ime akwụkwọ ise ==
N'ime "The Flow of the Psalms", O. Palmer Robertson na-etinye usoro isiokwu n'ime akwụkwọ ise nke Abụ Ọma, na-akọwa njirimara na nkwenye pụrụ iche:
Akwụkwọ 2: Nkwurịta okwu - N'agbanyeghị mmegide na-aga n'ihu, akwụkwọ a na-egosipụta mgbasa ozi ọbụna na ndị iro Chineke. Aha a na-akpọkarị Chineke na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ Elohim, ọkachasị mgbe ị na-agbaziri akụkụ dị iche iche site na Akwụkwọ 1. Robertson na-atụ aro na Akwụkwọ 2 nwere ike ịnwe mmalite nke Northern Kingdom.
Akwụkwọ nke 3: Mbibi - N'ịbụ nke e ji mmeri nke Jerusalem mara, akwụkwọ a nwere olileanya maka Jekọb na Josef, ikekwe na-anọchi anya alaeze ndịda na nke ndịda. Okwu ndị dị ka "ịtụkwasị Chineke obi" na-ebelata.
Akwụkwọ nke 5: Nkwụsị - Robertson na-atụ aro na Abụ Ọma nke Ascension na Hallel Abụ Ọma bụ ihe ndị e dere mgbe a chụgara ha n'ala ọzọ, na-egosi njedebe nke isiokwu na echiche
== Isiokwu na ogbugbu ==
Ọtụtụ abụ ọma n'otu n'otu na-agụnye otuto Chineke maka ike ya na obiọma ya, maka okike ya nke ụwa, na maka omume nnapụta ya gara aga maka Israel. Ha na-eche ụwa ebe onye ọ bụla na ihe niile ga-eto Chineke, Chineke ga-anụkwa ekpere ha ma zaghachi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, Chineke "na-ezo ihu ya" ma jụ ịzaghachi, na-ajụ (maka onye na-ede abụ) mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Chineke na ekpere nke bụ echiche dị n'okpuru Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma.[60]
A na-akpọ ụfọdụ abụ ọma ''maskil'' (ma ọ bụ ''maschil''), nke pụtara 'ihe ọmụma' ma ọ bụ 'okwu amamihe', n'ihi na ha na-enye amamihe. Ihe a ma ama n'ime ndị a bụ Abụ Ọma 142 nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ "Maskil nke Devid"; ndị ọzọ gụnyere Abụ Ọma 32 na Abụ Ọma 78. <ref>{{Cite book|author=McKenzie|first=Steven L.|year=2000|title=King David: A Biography|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/kingdavid00stev|isbn=978-0-19-535101-9}}</ref>
Iji Abụ Ọma eme ihe na Liturgy ndị Juu Abụ Ọma bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ofufe na ọdịnala ndị Juu. Ekpere kwa ụbọchị 1. *Shacharit*: A na-agụ abụ ọma n’ekpere ụtụtụ, gụnyere Abụ Ọma nke 30, 100, na 145-150. 2. *Ashrei (Abụ Ọma 145)*: A na-agụ ya ugboro atọ kwa ụbọchị yana amaokwu ndị ọzọ. 3. *Shir Shel Yom*: A na-agụ otu abụ ọma ma e kpechaa ekpere ụtụtụ ụbọchị ọ bụla n'izu. Oge pụrụ iche 1. *Ọtụtụ Abụ Ọma na Liturgy*: Abụ ọma jikọtara n'ekpere na omenala ndị Juu. 2. *Shabbat*: A na-agụ abụ ọma ndị akọwapụtara n'oge Kabbalat Shabbat na ekpere Shabbat. 3. *Elul to Hoshanah Rabba*: A na-agụ Abụ Ọma nke 27 ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị. 4. *Chanukkah*: Ụfọdụ obodo na-agụ Abụ Ọma 30 kwa ụbọchị ka Shacharit gachara. Mkpa Abụ ọma bụ isi na omenala ndị Juu, na-egosipụta njikọ siri ike na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na obodo.
O. Palmer Robertson na-ekwu na ọtụtụ n'ime Abụ Ọma na-emetụta isiokwu nke ọnwụ ma na-ekwu "A pụrụ ịghọta nkwubi okwu a na-enweghị isi na ndụ mmadụ ọ bụla naanị n'ihe gbasara egwu mbụ nye mmadụ mbụ: 'n'ụbọchị ị ga-eri ya ị ga-anwụ n'ezie.'" Robertson gara n'ihu na-ekwu, "Ntụmanya sitere na mgbapụta na-eme ka ili ahụ merie ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere. Onye na ọ dị mkpa maka nnapụta zuru oke. "
== Nkọwa na mmetụta e mesịrị ==
[[Faịlụ:David_Playing_the_Harp_1670_Jan_de_Bray.jpg|thumb|David Na-akpọ ụbọ akwara site na Jan de Bray, 1670]]
[[Faịlụ:Bhs_psalm1.png|thumb|Ihe odide Hibru nke Abụ Ọma 1:1-2]]
[[Faịlụ:Psalms_WesternWall.jpg|thumb|Otu nwoke onye Juu na-agụ Abụ Ọma 119 na Mgbidi Ọdịda Anyanwụ.]]
Abụ ọma n'otu n'otu bụ ukwe na mbụ, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'oge dị iche iche na ebe dị nsọ dị iche iche; mgbe e mesịrị, e dere ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma nwee ike ịghọta ha n'ime abụ ọma dị iche iche (dịka, Abụ Ọma 123 dị ka otu n'ime Abụ Ọma nke Ascension); n'ikpeazụ, enwere ike ịghọta abụ ọma n'ime Psalter n'ozuzu ya, ma ọ bụ ịkọ akụkọ ndụ Devid ma ọ bụ inye ntụziaka dị ka Torah. N'ọdịnala ndị Juu na nke Ndị Kraịst, a na-eji abụ ọma eme ihe dị ka ekpere, ma ọ bụ nke otu onye ma ọ bụ obodo, dị ka ngosipụta ọdịnala nke mmetụta okpukpe.[67]
=== Nkọwa ===
Ọtụtụ ndị edemede ekwuola maka abụ ọma ndị ahụ, gụnyere:
* Hilary nke Poitiers
* [[Augustine nke Hippo]]
* Saadia Gaon<ref>{{Cite book|author=Saadia Gaon|authorlink=Saadia Gaon|editor=Qafih, Yosef|title=Psalms, with a Translation and Commentary made by Rabbi Saadia Gaon|date=1966|publisher=American Academy for Jewish Studies|location=Jerusalem - New York|language=he|url=https://tablet.otzar.org/book/book.php?book=8066&pagenum=1|oclc=741065024}}</ref>
* Salmon ben Jeroham<ref>{{Cite book|author=Jeroham|first=Salmon ben|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4ZIAAAAMAAJ|title=The Arabic Commentary of Salmon Ben Yeruham the Karaite on the Book of Psalms, Chapters 42-72|date=1956|publisher=Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning|language=he}}</ref>
* Yefet ben Ali<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bassor|first=Yaphet ben Heli|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1vLVXECAnx4C|title=Rabbi Yapheth ben Heli Bassorensis Karaïtae in librum Psalmorum comentarii Arabici e duplici codice mss. Bibliothecae Regiae Parisiensis edidit specimen et in Latinum convertit L. Bargès,...|date=1846|publisher=Excudebant Firmin Didot Fratres|language=la}}</ref>
* Rashbam<ref>{{Cite journal|author=מונדשיין|first=אהרן|date=2010|title=On Rashbam's Rediscovered 'Lost Commentary' on Psalms / על גילוי הפירוש ה'אבוד' של רשב"ם לספר תהלים ופרסום מוקדם של פירושו למזמורים קכ-קלו|journal=Tarbiz / תרביץ|volume=עט|issue=א|pages=91–141|issn=0334-3650}}</ref>
* Abraham ibn Ezra<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ezra|first=Abraham ben Meïr Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_FBAQAAIAAJ|title=Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the First Book of Psalms: Chapter 1-41|date=2009|publisher=Academic Studies Press|isbn=978-1-934843-30-7|language=en}}</ref>
* David Kimhi<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kimhi|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ni-3Ixe16YAC|title=The Longer Commentary of R. David Ḳimḥi on the First Book of Psalms (I-X, XV-XVII, XIX, XXII, XXIV)|date=1919|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|language=en}}</ref>
* Obadiah Sforno<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sela|first=Yael|date=2022-06-10|title=Sacred Poetry, Eternal Felicity, and the Redemption of Israel: Obadiah Sforno's Commentary on Psalms in the Berlin Haskalah|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ejjs/16/2/article-p261_4.xml|journal=European Journal of Jewish Studies|volume=16|issue=2|pages=261–280|doi=10.1163/1872471X-bja10044|issn=1872-471X}}</ref>
* Joseph Gikatilla[77]
* Joseph Kara<ref>{{Cite web|title=MikraotGedolot – AlHaTorah.org|url=https://mg.alhatorah.org/Full/Tehillim/1.1|accessdate=2023-11-29|work=mg.alhatorah.org|language=he}}</ref>
* Benjamin ben Judah
* Rashi<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gruber|first=Mayer I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nsl2NrA6v6gC|title=Rashi's Commentary on Psalms|date=2007-10-10|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|isbn=978-0-8276-0872-6|language=en}}</ref>
* Menachem Meiri<ref>{{Cite book|author=Meiri|first=Menahem ben Selomo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3cgywEACAAJ|title=Commentarius Libri Psalmorum|date=1936|publisher=Mekize Nirdamim|language=la}}</ref>
* Isaiah di Trani<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIsvuwEACAAJ|title=תורת חיים - תהלים: על פי המסורה של כתר ארם צובה ... ועם פירושי הראשונים: רס"ג ... רש"י ... ראב"ע ... רי"ד ... רד"ק ... המאירי ... ספורנו ... ועם פירוש מצודת דוד ומצודת ציון|date=2018|language=he}}</ref>
* Thomas Aquinas
* John Calvin
* Emmanuel (aha njirimara), Jewish Commentary on the Psalms.
* Isaac Satanow<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuDim3V8n5EC|title="ספר" תהלים: עם פירוש הרשב"ם הנמצא בברלין בכ"י בבית עקד הספרים אשר להמלך ..|date=1816|publisher=דפוס ג' האלצינגער|language=he}}</ref>
=== Ojiji na ememe ndị Juu ===
Ụfọdụ n'ime utu aha ndị e nyere Abụ Ọma nwere nkọwa ndị na-atụ aro iji ha eme ihe n'ofufe:
* Some bear the Hebrew description ''shir'' ({{Lang|he|שיר}}; Greek: {{langx|grc|ᾠδή|ōdḗ|song|label=none}}). Thirteen have this description. It means the flow of speech, as it were, in a straight line or in a regular strain. This description includes secular as well as sacred song.
* Fifty-eight Psalms bear the description ''mizmor'' ({{Lang|he|מזמור}}; {{langx|grc|ψαλμός|psalmos|psalm|label=none}}), a lyric ode set to music; a sacred song accompanied with a musical instrument.
* Psalm 145 alone has the designation ''tehillah'' ({{Lang|he|תהלה}}; {{langx|grc|ὕμνος|hymnos|[[hymn]]|label=none}}), meaning a song of praise; a song the prominent thought of which is the praise of God.
* Thirteen psalms are described as ''maskil'' ('wise'): 32, 42, 44, 45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88, 89, and 142. Psalm 41:2, although not in the above list, has the description ''ashrei maskil''.
* Six Psalms (16, 56–60) have the title ''michtam'' ({{Lang|he|מכתם}}, 'gold').<ref>{{Cite web|author=DLC|url=http://www.balashon.com/2006/08/katom.html|title=Hebrew Language Detective: katom|publisher=Balashon|date=27 August 2006|accessdate=19 September 2012}}</ref> Rashi suggests that ''michtam'' refers to an item that a person carries with him at all times, hence, these Psalms contain concepts or ideas that are pertinent at every stage and setting throughout life, deemed vital as part of day-to-day spiritual awareness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/PrintSummary.aspx?PerekID=16|title=Daily Tehillim|publisher=Daily Tehillim|accessdate=16 April 2014}}</ref>
* Psalm 7 (along with Habakkuk chapter 3)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2003.htm|title=Habakkuk 3 / Hebrew – English Bible / Mechon-Mamre|publisher=Mechon-mamre.org|accessdate=17 March 2013}}</ref> bears the title ''shigayon'' ({{Lang|he|שיגיון}}). There are three interpretations:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vbm-torah.org/archive/tehillim/36mizmor7.doc|title=ארכיון הדף היומי|work=Vbm-torah.org}}</ref> (a) According to Rashi and others, this term stems from the root ''shegaga'', meaning "mistake"—David committed some sin and is singing in the form of a prayer to redeem himself from it; (b) ''shigayon'' was a type of musical instrument; (c) Ibn Ezra considers the word to mean "longing", as for example in the verse in Proverbs 5:19<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bible.cc/proverbs/5-19.htm|title=Proverbs 5:19 A loving doe, a graceful deer-may her breasts satisfy you always, may you ever be captivated by her love|publisher=Bible.cc|accessdate=19 September 2012}}</ref> ''tishge tamid''.
Iji Abụ Ọma eme ihe na Liturgy ndị Juu Abụ Ọma bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke okpukperechi na ọdịnala ndị Juu. Ekpere kwa ụbọchị 1. *Shacharit*: A na-agụ abụ ọma n’ekpere ụtụtụ, gụnyere Abụ Ọma nke 30, 100, na 145-150. 2. *Ashrei (Abụ Ọma 7)*: A na-agụ ya ugboro atọ kwa ụbọchị, ya na amaokwu ndị ọzọ. 3. *Shir shel yom*: A na-agụ otu abụ ọma ma e kpechaa ekpere ụtụtụ ụbọchị ọ bụla n'izu. Oge pụrụ iche 1. *Ụbọchị Izu Ike*: A na-agụ abụ ọma kpọmkwem n'oge Kabbalat Shabbat na ekpere izu ike. 2. *Elul to Hoshanah Rabba*: A na-agụ Abụ Ọma nke 27 ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị. 3. *Chanukkah*: Ụfọdụ obodo na-agụ abụ 30 kwa ụbọchị ka Shacharit gachara. Ihe ọ pụtara Abụ ọma gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ọdịnala na okpukpe ndị Juu, na-egosipụta njikọ siri ike na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na obodo.
Mgbe onye Juu nwụrụ, a na-edebe elekere n'elu ozu ahụ ma na-agụ ''tehillim'' (Abụ Ọma) mgbe niile site na anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọkụ kandụl, ruo mgbe a ga-eli ozu. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị ezinụlọ ga-eme elekere a, na-emekarị n'oge na-adịghị anya, mana n'omume nke oge a, onye ọrụ nke ụlọ olili ozu ma ọ bụ ''chevra kadisha'' na-enye ọrụ a.
Ọtụtụ ndị Juu na-emechi Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma kwa izu ma ọ bụ kwa ọnwa. Kwa izu, ụfọdụ na-ekwukwa Abụ Ọma metụtara ihe omume nke izu ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ Torah a na-agụ n'izu ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ndị Juu (karịsịa Lubavitch, na Ndị Chasidim ndị ọzọ) gụrụ Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma dum tupu ozi ụtụtụ, na Ụbọchị Izu Ike tupu ọnwa ọhụrụ apụta.
A na-ele ịgụ abụ ọma anya n'omenala ndị Juu dị ka ihe na-eme ka Chineke nwee ihu ọma. N'ihi ya, a na-agụkarị ha n'oge nsogbu, dị ka ịda ogbenye, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ anụ ahụ; n'ọtụtụ ụlọ nzukọ, a na'agụ abụ ọma mgbe ozi maka nchekwa nke steeti Israel gasịrị. Sefer ha-Chinuch <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=40631&st=%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%20&pgnum=637&hilite=08237f9e-6332-4061-a63c-157a27ad0270|title=ספר החינוך - אהרן, הלוי, מברצלונה, מיחס לו; שעוועל, חיים דב, 1906-1982; רוזנס, יהודה בן שמואל, 1657-1727; ברלין, ישעיה בן יהודה, 1725-1799 (page 637 of 814)|work=Hebrewbooks.org}}</ref> na-ekwu na emere omume a ọ bụghị iji nweta ihu ọma, dị ka nke a, kama iji kụnye nkwenye na Divine Providence n'ime uche mmadụ, n'ụzọ kwekọrọ n'echiche Maimonides n'ozuzu ya na Providence. (N'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ, ngwaa Hibru maka ekpere, ''hit''palal'''' התפלל, bụ n'ezie ụdị nke palal פלל, itinye aka, ịrịọ arịrịọ, ikpe ikpe. Ya mere, "ikpe ekpere" na-enye echiche nke "ikpe onwe onye ikpe": n'ikpeazụ, ebumnuche nke ekpere - ''tefilah'' Hyplaלה - bụ ịgbanwe onwe anyị.)
=== Ekpere Ndị Kraịst na ofufe ===
Ihe odide Agba Ọhụrụ na-egosi na Ndị Kraịst mbụ jiri Abụ Ọma na ofufe, Abụ Ọma anọgidewo na-abụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ofufe n'ọtụtụ Chọọchị Ndị Kraịst. Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, Katọlik, Presbyterian, Lutheran na Anglịkan ejirila abụ ọma mee ihe mgbe niile, yana usoro maka ịgụghachi ha niile ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'ime otu izu ma ọ bụ karịa. Na narị afọ ndị mbụ nke Chọọchị ahụ, a tụrụ anya na onye ọ bụla na-achọ ịbụ bishọp ga-enwe ike ịgụghachi Psalter dum site na ncheta, ihe ha na-amụtakarị na-akpaghị aka n'oge ha bụ ndị mọnk.<ref name="memorise">{{Cite web|url=http://www.etrfi.org/uploads/1/0/7/9/10798906/saint_sabas.pdf|title=Saint Sabas and the Psalms|first=Tom|author=Meyer|date=27 March 2010|work=The Ecumenical Theological Research Fraternity in Israel|accessdate=14 July 2018|archivedate=14 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714221859/https://www.etrfi.org/uploads/1/0/7/9/10798906/saint_sabas.pdf}}</ref> Ndị Kraịst ejirila eriri Pater Noster nke nwere ihe 150 kpee ekpere maka Psalter dum.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Doerr|first=Nan Lewis|title=Praying with Beads: Daily Prayers for the Christian Year|date=28 August 2007|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-2727-2|language=English}}</ref>
Pọl onyeozi hotara abụ ọma (karịsịa [[Psalm 53|53]]" href="./Psalm_14" id="mwA9g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Psalm 14">Abụ Ọma 14 na 53, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu) dị ka ihe ndabere maka echiche ya banyere mmehie mbụ, ma gụnye akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ dị na Epistle to the Romans, isi nke 3.
Ọtụtụ òtù Protestant na-agbaso omenala na-abụ naanị Abụ Ọma (ụfọdụ ụka na-abụkwa obere ukwe ndị a hụrụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ na Bible) n'ofufe, ma ha anaghị anabata ojiji nke ukwe ọ bụla na-abụghị nke Bible; ihe atụ bụ Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, Presbyterien Reformed Church (North America) na Free Church of Scotland (Continuing).
* [[Abụ Ọma 22|Abụ Ọma nke 22]] dị ezigbo mkpa n'oge Lent dị ka Abụ Ọma nke okwukwe na-aga n'ihu n'oge ule siri ike.
* [[Abụ Ọma 23|Abụ Ọma nke 23]], ''Onyenwe anyị bụ Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ m'', na-enye ozi nkasi obi ozugbo ma họrọ ya maka ozi olili ozu ụka, ma ọ bụ dị ka ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ n'otu n'ime ọtụtụ ntọala ukwe a ma ama.
* Abụ Ọma nke 51, ''meere m ebere O Chineke'', nke a na-akpọ ''Miserere'' site na okwu mbụ na nsụgharị Latin ya, na Liturgy na Hours nke Chineke, na sakramenti nke nchegharị ma ọ bụ nkwupụta, na n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ.
* A na-ahụ Abụ Ọma nke 82 n'Akwụkwọ Ekpere Dị n'Otu dị ka okwu olili ozu.
* Abụ Ọma 137, N'akụkụ osimiri Babilọn, n'ebe ahụ ka anyị nọdụrụ ala wee bere ákwá, Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na-eji ukwe a n'ime izu ole na ole tupu Lent dị ukwuu.
* Abụ Ọma nke 145 nke aha ya bụ 'A psalm of praise', bụ abụ otuto na abụ ọma ikpeazụ nke Devid. A na-ejikarị amaokwu sitere na ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ abụ ofufe nke oge a ma ọtụtụ ndị isi ofufe nke oge ahụ na-agụ ya na ozi.
Imam-ud-Din Shahbaz (1845-1921), onye na-ezisa ozi ọma Punjabi na onye na-ede uri, mepụtara nsụgharị metric mbụ nke Abụ Ọma na Punjabi, nke a maara dị ka Punjabi Zabur. Ruo otu narị afọ, a na-eji Punjabi Zabur eme ihe dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịbụ abụ na otuto n'ọtụtụ Chọọchị Urdu na Punjabi gburugburu ụwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup>
Ọzọkwa, abụ ọma na-abụkarị ihe na-akpali ọtụtụ n'ime Egwú ofufe nke oge a ma ọ bụ nke oge a n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche. Abụ ụfọdụ dabere kpamkpam na otu abụ ọma ma ọ bụ abụ ọma, ọtụtụ na-ehota kpọmkwem site na Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma (na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Bible). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Let's Sing the Songs Jesus Sang|first=Sarah|author=Eekhoff Zylstra|date=28 November 2016|url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/lets-sing-the-songs-jesus-sang/|accessdate=8 January 2020|work=The Gospel Coalition}}</ref>
Ndị Kraịst Ọtọdọks na ndị Katọlik Grik (Ndị Katọlik Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na-agbaso ememe Byzantium) emeela abụ ọma ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ekpere ụlọ ọrụ na nke onwe ha. Nsụgharị gọọmentị nke Psalter nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks ji mee ihe bụ Septuagint. Iji mee ka ọgụgụ ya dịkwuo mfe, a na-ekewa Abụ Ọma 150 n'ime ''''kathisma'''' 20 (Grik: , Slavonic: кафизмы, {{Lang|cu|kafizmy}}; lit. "ebe obibi") na kathisma ọ bụla (Grik, κάθισμα; Slavonic - каѳисма, {{Lang|cu|kafisma}}) ka a na-agbakwa n'ime atọ (Grik) (Grik. στάσεις, staseis lit. "ọnọdụ", bụrụ στάσις, ''stasis''), nke a na-akpọ ya n'ihi na ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi guzo na njedebe nke ọ bụla maka otuto nke ọ bụla na-anọ na-anọgide na nsọpụrụ nye Nna ....
Na Vespers na Matins, a na-agụ ''kathismata'' dị iche iche n'oge dị iche iche nke Afọ liturgical na ụbọchị dị iche iche iche nke izu, dị ka kalenda Chọọchị si dị, nke mere na a na-amụ abụ ọma 150 niile (20 ''kathismata'') n'ime otu izu. N'oge Lent dị ukwuu, a na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ ''kathismata'' ka a na-agụ Psalter dum ugboro abụọ n'izu. Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ụfọdụ Ndị Kraịst nkịtị amalitela ịgụ Abụ Ọma n'ụbọchị izu, na-ekpe ekpere n'akwụkwọ ahụ dum n'ime izu anọ.
Ewezuga ọgụgụ ''kathisma'', Abụ Ọma na-ewere ọnọdụ dị mkpa na ozi ọ bụla ọzọ nke Ọtọdọks gụnyere ozi nke awa na liturgy nke Chineke. Karịsịa, a na-eji Abụ Ọma nke 50 eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. A na-eji iberibe Abụ Ọma na amaokwu ọ bụla mee ihe dị ka ''Prokimena'' (nkwupụta maka ọgụgụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ) na Stichera. Akụkụ ka ukwuu nke Vespers ka ga-abụ abụ ọma ọbụlagodi na a ga-eleghara kathisma anya; Abụ Ọma 118, "Abụ Ọma nke Iwu", bụ isi ihe dị n'Ụtụtụ na Satọdee, ụfọdụ Sọnde, na ozi olili ozu. A na-agụ akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma dum n'olu dara ụda ma ọ bụ na-abụ abụ n'akụkụ onye nwụrụ anwụ n'oge na-eduga n'ememe olili ozu, na-egosipụta ọdịnala ndị Juu.
Ọtụtụ alaka nke Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na ndị Katọlik nke Ọwụba Anyanwụ ndị na-agbaso otu n'ime emume ndị Ọwụwa anyanwụ ga-abụ abụ ọma dum n'ime otu ụbọchị n'oge Ọfịs Kwa Ụbọchị. Omume a na-aga n'ihu na-abụ ihe Ndị mọnk chọrọ na chọọchị ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ.
==== Ojiji ndị Katọlik ====
[[Faịlụ:Überführung_der_Bundeslade_durch_den_singenden_und_tanzenden_König_David.jpg|thumb|A singing and dancing David leads the Ark of the Covenant, {{circa|1650}}.]]
Abụ Ọma abụwo akụkụ dị mkpa nke liturgy Katọlik. Liturgy of the Hours na-elekwasị anya n'ịbụ abụ ma ọ bụ ịgụghachi abụ ọma, na-eji usoro abụ a maara dị ka ụda abụ ọma. Ndị Katọlik oge ochie jiri Abụ Ọma mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ekpere ha; Otú ọ dị, ka ihe ọmụma nke Latịn (asụsụ nke Roman Rite) ghọrọ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, omume a kwụsịrị n'etiti ndị na-amaghị. Otú ọ dị, ruo na njedebe nke Middle Ages, ọ bụghị ihe a na-amaghị ama ka ndị nkịtị sonye n'abụ nke Little Office of Our Lady, nke bụ nsụgharị dị mkpirikpi nke Liturgy of the Hours na-enye usoro kwa ụbọchị nke abụ ọma iri abụọ na ise a ga-agụ, na abụ ọma itoolu ndị ọzọ kewara gafee Matins.
Ọrụ Bishọp Richard Challoner n'inye ihe ofufe n'asụsụ Bekee pụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ọma ndị ahụ maara ndị Katọlik na-asụ Bekee site na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ gaa n'ihu. Challoner sụgharịrị Little Office dum n'asụsụ Bekee, yana Sunday Vespers na Compline kwa ụbọchị. O nyekwara Abụ Ọma ndị ọzọ dịka 129/130 maka ekpere n'akwụkwọ nsọ ya. A makwaara Bishop Challoner maka imezigharị Bible Douay-Rheims, a na-esikwa n'ọrụ a sụgharịa nsụgharị ndị o ji mee ihe n'akwụkwọ nsọ ya.
Ruo mgbe Nzukọ nke Abụọ nke Vatican, a na-agụ abụ ọma n'otu izu ma ọ bụ, nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe (dị ka ọ dị na Ememe Ambrosian), usoro izu abụọ. A na-eji atụmatụ dị iche iche nke otu izu: ọtụtụ Ndị ụkọchukwu ụwa-agbaso nkesa Rom, ebe ndị ụkọchị na-agbasoro nke St Benedict, naanị ọgbakọ ole na ole (dị ka Benedictines nke St Maur <ref>{{Cite book|author=Little|first=Lester K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NRC_fLiVUJgC&dq=+regular+clergy+almost+universally+followed+that+of+St+Benedict,+with+only+a+few+congregations+(such+as+the+Benedictines+of+St+Mau&pg=PR11|title=Benedictine Maledictions: Liturgical Cursing in Romanesque France|date=1993|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8113-0|language=en}}</ref>) na-agbanye ndokwa onwe onye. Breviary nke e wepụtara na 1974 kesara abụ ọma n'ime izu anọ. Ojiji ndị mọnk na-adịgasị iche iche. Ụfọdụ na-eji usoro izu anọ nke ndị ụkọchukwu ụwa, ọtụtụ na-ejigide usoro otu izu, ma ọ bụ na-agbaso atụmatụ St Benedict ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ nke ha chepụtara, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ahọrọ ndokwa ndị ọzọ.
E nyekwara nkwado gọọmentị maka ndokwa ndị ọzọ nke a na-agụghachi Psalter zuru ezu n'otu izu ma ọ bụ izu abụọ. Usoro ndị a na-ejikarị usoro okpukpe Katọlik na-atụgharị uche, dị ka nke Ndị Trappist. [Ihe odide ala peeji]
* ozugbo (onye ọ bụla na-abụ abụ ma ọ bụ na-agụ abụ ọma ahụ dum);
* antiphonally (ndị ukwe abụọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọgbakọ na-abụ abụ ma ọ bụ na-agụghachi amaokwu ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu); na
* na-azaghachi (onye na-agụ egwú ma ọ bụ ndị na-agụ abụ ma ọ bụ na-agụghachi amaokwu mgbe ọgbakọ na-abụ abụ ma ọ na-agụpụta nzaghachi e nyere mgbe amaokwu ọ bụla gasịrị).
Iji Abụ Ọma na Liturgy *Mgbanwe akụkọ ihe mere eme* 1. *Adalata*: Ojiji nke Abụ Ọma zuru ezu n'ime akwụkwọ nsọ na-ebelata ka oge na-aga. 2. *Ntụteghachi*: Nzukọ Vatican nke abụọ dugara na mweghachi nke akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ dị ogologo na Mass. *Abụ Ọma nke Zaghachi* 1. * Okwu Mmalite *: The Roman Missal, post-Vatican II, na-emesi ike ịbụ abụ ma ọ bụ na-agụghachi akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke Abụ Ọma mgbe agụsịrị Mbụ. 2. * Usoro *: A na-abụkarị abụ ma ọ bụ na-agụ ya nke ọma. 3. * Nhọrọ *: Ntuziaka izugbe nke Missal Roman na-enye ohere maka ịgụgharị n'ụzọ ziri ezi.
==== Ojiji Lutheran na Reformed ====
[[Faịlụ:Psalm_1_metrical_1628.jpg|thumb|Abụ Ọma nke 1 n'ụdị Sternhold na Hopkins version nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na Anglịkan tupu Agha Obodo England (1628 mbipụta). Ọ bụ site na nsụgharị a ka ndị agha bụrụ abụ tupu ha agaa agha.]]
Abụ Ọma n'Ofufe Protestant *Abụ Ọma Metrical* 1. * Mmepe *: Mgbe Protestant Ndozigharị gasịrị, e debere ọtụtụ Abụ Ọma ka abụ abụ, nke a maara dị ka abụ metrical. 2. * Jiri n’ofufe *: A na-eji abụ ọma ndị a eme ihe n’abụ ọgbakọ. * Mmetụta nke Calvinism* 1. * Ntinye aka Calvin*: John Calvin sụgharịrị ụfọdụ Abụ Ọma n'asụsụ French maka iji ụka. 2. *Genevan Psalter*: Ntụgharị asụsụ ndị Clément Marot na Théodore de Bèze egosipụtara, nwere egwu sitere n'aka ndị na-agụ egwú dịka Louis Bourgeois. *Ihe atụ ama ama* 1. *Martin Luther*: “Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott” (A Dike Ebe e wusiri ike bụ Chineke Anyị) dabeere n’Abụ Ọma nke 46. 2. *Scottish Psalter*: Ọbụ abụ ama ama. 3. *Isak Watts*: Dere nkọwa gbasara Abụ Ọma. 4. * Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma nke Bay*: Akwụkwọ mbụ e bipụtara na North America (1640), na-egosipụta ntọala Abụ Ọma.
Ka ọ na-erule na narị afọ nke 20, a na-ejikarị ukwe dochie ha na ụka. Otú ọ dị, Abụ Ọma na-ewu ewu maka ofufe onwe onye n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị Protestant ma ka na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụka maka ofufe ọdịnala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepsalmssung.org/|title=The Psalms of David – Sung a cappella|publisher=Thepsalmssung.org|accessdate=16 April 2014}}</ref> E nwere omenala n'ebe ụfọdụ ịgụ otu Abụ Ọma na otu isi nke Ilu kwa ụbọchị, nke kwekọrọ n'ụbọchị nke ọnwa.
A ka na-abụ abụ ọma metrical n'ọtụtụ ọgbakọ Reformed.
==== Ojiji Anglican ====
Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na asaa, mgbe ewepụtara King James Bible, nhazi metrical nke Thomas Sternhold na John Hopkins na-ewu ewu ma nye ya egwu e biri ebi. Nsụgharị a na New Version of the Psalms of David nke Tate na Brady mepụtara na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asaa (lee isiokwu na Metrical psalter) nọgidere bụrụ ụzọ ọgbakọ na-abụ abụ ọma na Chọọchị England ruo na narị afọ nke itoolu.
Na Great Britain, akwụkwọ abụ ọma Coverdale nke narị afọ nke iri na isii ka dị n'etiti ofufe kwa ụbọchị na [[Katidral]] na ọtụtụ ụka parish. Akwụkwọ ozi ọhụrụ nke Common Worship nwere abụ ọma ibe ya na Bekee nke oge a.
Nsụgharị nke psalter na American Book of Common Prayer tupu mbipụta 1979 bụ coverdale psalter. The Psalter in the American Book of Common Prayer nke 1979 bụ nsụgharị ọhụrụ, na mgbalị ụfọdụ iji nọgide na-enwe ụda nke abụ ọma Coverdale.
Echiche Islam na amụma na Akwụkwọ Nsọ *Ndị amụma* 1. *Ndị amụma a ma ama*: 1. Abraham (Ibrahim) 2. Moses (Musa) 3. David (Dawud) 4. Jizọs (Aịsa) 5. Muhammad * Akwụkwọ Nsọ* 1. *Akwụkwọ ekpughere*: 1. *Zabur (Abụ Ọma)*: Ekpughere ya nye Devid 2. *Injil (Ozioma)*: Ekpughere ya nye Jisos 3. *Quran*: Ekpughere Muhammad 4. * Akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke Abraham *: Ejikọtara ya na Abraham 5. *Tawrat (Torah)*: Ejikọtara ya na Moses na ndi Israel *Nkwenye* 1. *Mbilite Chukwu*: Ndị Alakụba kwenyere na akwụkwọ nsọ ndị a sitere na Chineke. 2. *Odee*: A na-ewere Chineke dịka onye dere Abụ Ọma (Zabur).
=== Ojiji na òtù Rastafari ===
Abụ Ọma bụ otu n'ime akụkụ ndị a ma ama na Bible n'etiti ndị na-eso ụzọ Rastafari. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crosscurrents.org/murrell.htm|title=Tuning Hebrew Psalms to Reggae Rhythms|author=Murrell|first=Nathaniel Samuel|accessdate=11 February 2008|archivedate=23 November 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123103254/http://www.crosscurrents.org/murrell.htm}}</ref> Onye na-agụ egwu Rasta bụ Prince Far I wepụtara ụdị abụ ọma ndị ahụ, ''Abụ Ọma Maka M'', nke e debere na ndabere reggae sitere na The Aggrovators.
=== Ọtụtụ abụ ọma dị ka otu ihe ===
.Ntọala Abụ Ọma n'ọrụ buru ibu * ndị na-agba ọsọ* 1. * Ntọala Abụ Ọma *: A na-egosipụtakarị abụ ọma na ntọala Vespers, gụnyere ọrụ sitere na: 1. Claudio Monteverdi 2. Antonio Vivaldi 3. Marc-Antoine Charpentier (84 ntọala, H.149-H.232) 4. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart *Mmasị chọrọ* 1. *Agụnyere Abụ Ọma*: Ejikọtara abụ ọma n'ime ihe ndị Requiem dere, dịka: 1. Johannes Brahms’ German Requiem (Abụ Ọma 126) 2. John Rutter's Requiem (Abụ Ọma 130 na 23)
* {{Lang|pl|Melodie na psałterz polski}} nke [[Mikołaj Gomółka]] - 1580
* {{Lang|la|[[Penitential Psalms|Psalmi Davidis poenitentiales]]}} (6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, 143) nke [[Orlande de Lassus|Orlande nke Lassus]] dere - 1584
* Psalmen Davids (1619), Symphoniae sacrae I (1629) na Becker Psalter (1661) nke Heinrich Schütz dere
* Chandos Anthems nke George Frideric Handel - 1717-18
* Zwei englisch Psalmen (1842), ''Sieben Psalmen nach Lobwasser'' (1843), Elijah (1846), na Drei Psalmen (1849) nke Felix Mendelssohn dere
* ''Abụ Ọma Iri na asatọ'' nke Louis Lewandowski dere - 1879
* Biblické písně nke Antonín Dvořák dere - 1894
* {{Lang|fr|[[Le Roi David]]}} nke [[Arthur Honegger]] dere - 1921
* Symphony of Psalms (38, 39, 150) nke Igor Stravinsky - 1930
* Chichester Psalms nke Leonard Bernstein - 1965
* ''Tehillim'' nke Steve Reich - 1981
* ''Abụ Ọma Anọ'' (114, 126, 133, 137) nke John Harbison dere - 1998
=== Ntọala nke abụ ọma n'otu n'otu ===
Ntọala egwu nke Abụ Ọma *Ihe atụ ama ama* 1. *Miserere mei*: Ntọala a ma ama nke Gregorio Allegri nke Abụ Ọma nke 51 (“Meere m ebere, Chineke”) n'ụdị falsobordone. *Ndị na-agụ egwu oge ochie* 1. *Ntọala Abụ Ọma*: Ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ egwú ewepụtala abụ ọma n’egwú, gụnyere: 1. George Frideric Handel 2. Felix Mendelssohn 3. Franz Liszt 4. Johannes Brahms 5. Ralph Vaughan Williams *Egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ* 1. *Abụ Ọma n'egwú nke oge a*: A na-egosi abụ ọma n'ụdị egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ dị iche iche.
* Abụ Ọma pụrụ iche
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu n'oge Bible
* Abụ Ọma Ndị Na-eme Ntụgharị Anya
* Abụ Ọma nke iru uju obodo
* Selah
* Zabur
* Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma nke Geneva
* Pesher
== Ihe edeturu ==
== Edensibia ==
== Akwụkwọ ==
* Encyclopedia n'ịntanetị
** "Psalms" Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
* Ndị Juu
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20190527191329/http://150tehilim.com/ ịgụ Tehillim - Abụ Ọma na ọtụtụ nkọwa.]
** Abụ Ọma (Judaica Press) nsụgharị [na nkọwa Rashi] na Chabad.org
** [http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/publicat/schwartz/a29.htm Ịbanye n'okpuru elu nke Tehillim - Abụ Ọma]
** [http://www.torahforme.com Ịgụ Tehillim - Abụ Ọma n'egwú oge ochie na nkọwa.] Ọzọkwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20140727094029/http://torahforme.org/files/Learn%20To%20Lein%20Tehilim%20(Taamey%20Emet)%20/ usoro n'efu] nke na-akụzi otu esi agụ ihe odide cantillation nke Abụ Ọma
* Ndị Kraịst
** {{Cite book|author=St. Augustine of Hippo|authorlink=Augustine of Hippo|title=[[s:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume VIII|Homelies on Psalms]]|year=1888}}
** {{Cite book|title=The Treasury of David|author=Spurgeon|first=Charles H.|authorlink=Charles Spurgeon|date=1885|url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/}}
** [https://www.easyenglish.bible/psalms/ Nkọwa Banyere Abụ Ọma] nke Gordon Churchyard, na www.easyenglish.bible
** Nkwupụta nke Abụ Ọma site na Wilbert R. Gawrisch
** Nkwupụta nke Abụ Ọma a Forward Movement bipụtara
** [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (Ọktoba 1986), The Book of Psalms: In the Authorized Version (illuminated ed.), <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8050-0046-7</nowiki>.
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://www.tehillimforall.com TehillimForAll] ka ha gụọ Abụ Ọma (Tehillim) na ndị ọzọ
* [https://tehillim-online.com Tehillim Online] iji gụọ abụ ọma nke Devid na Hibru ma ọ bụ transliterated.
* [https://www.learntefillah.com Mụta Tehillim Online] iji gụọ ma nụ TEHILIM OF THE DAY na Hibru.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629000002/http://www.dailytehillim.com/ Ịgụ na ntụgharị zuru ezu nke Abụ Ọma 150 niile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721174658/http://www.cantusquercus.com/qumran2.htm Abụ Ọma sitere n'Akwụkwọ Nsọ Nwụrụ Anwụ (Abụ Ọma 151-154)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120504024012/http://www.bibbiaonlinemp3.com/the-book-of-psalms-king-james-version-audiobook-mp3.html Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma] Audiobook - King James Version
* .org/search?title=Psalms&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">''Abụ Ọma'' nke ọha na eze na-ege ntị na LibriVox Nsụgharị dị iche iche
* Nsụgharị [[Judaism|Ndị Juu]]:
** [[Chabad.org]]/article.asp?aid=15770" id="mwCIw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Tehillim - Abụ Ọma (Judaica Press) nsụgharị [na nkọwa Rashi] na Chabad.org
* Nsụgharị [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]]:
** [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalms Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma - NIV]
** Abụ Ọma Grail e degharịrị edegharị (lee: Abụ Ọma Graal)
=== Nkọwa na ndị ọzọ ===
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Augustine Collins Ntim
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[[Usòrò:COLLINS AUGUSTINE NTIM.jpg|thumb|COLLINS AUGUSTINE NTIM.jpg]]
'''Augustine Collins Ntim''' (amụrụ na Septemba 24, 1964) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana na [[Ghana|onye]] nkuzi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ghana Parliament member Augustine Collins Ntim|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=126|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=www.ghanaweb.com|archivedate=2020-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706082501/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odekro|url=http://www.odekro.org/Profile/Details/64|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=www.odekro.org|archivedate=2020-07-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707103426/http://www.odekro.org/Profile/Details/64}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu nke asaa nke Republic nke anọ nke Ghana na-anọchite anya Offinso North Constituency na Ashanti Region na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=169|accessdate=2022-09-01|work=www.parliament.gh}}</ref>
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Augustine na 24 Septemba 1964 n'obodo a na-akpọ Nkenkaasu na mpaghara Ashanti. O nwere nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na nzere masta nke sayensụ na Reproductive Biology site na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah. O nwekwara asambodo agụmakwụkwọ abụọ site na Harvard Kennedy School.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":4"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=UKGCC|date=2018-07-05|title=HON. AUGUSTINE COLLINS NTIM|url=https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-augustine-collins-ntim/|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=UK-Ghana Chamber of Commerce|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706082613/https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-augustine-collins-ntim/}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu n'afọ 2009 ebe o ji ihe karịrị votu 3000 merie. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na 7 Jenụwarị 2013 mgbe 2012 Ghanaian General Elections gasịrị ma họpụta ya ọzọ ịbanye na ndị omeiwu na 7 Jenị 2017 mgbe emechara 2016 Ghanaian General ntuli aka ebe ọ nwetara 53.15% nke ngụkọta vootu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Ntim, Augustine Collins|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5282|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=www.ghanamps.com|archivedate=2024-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927064638/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2012 Results - Offinso North Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/34/index.php|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2020-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706082838/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/34/index.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Offinso North Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/ashanti/34/index.php|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127171404/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/ashanti/34/index.php}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka nke afọ 2020 ebe ọ nwetara 48.67% nke ngụkọta vootu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashanti Region - 2020 Results|url=https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghanavotes/2020/result_parliamentary_all_constituency.asp?region_id=11|accessdate=2022-09-01|work=www.modernghana.com}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa distrikti maka Ministry of Local Government site n'afọ 2005 ruo 2009. Ntim anọwo na ndị omeiwu nke Ghana site na 2009 ruo taa.<ref name=":2"/> Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Nkwado Gọọmentị nke na-ahụ mmezu nke nkwa na mmesi obi ike niile ndị minista nyere. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Kọmitii Ahụike.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=197|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130064852/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=197}}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3"/>
=== Kọmitii ===
Ọ bụ onye otu Youth, Sports and Culture Committee ma bụrụkwa onye otu Members Holding Offices of Profit Committee.<ref name=":4"/>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ bụ Onye Kraịst ma lụọ di ma nwee ụmụ isii.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3"/>
== Ihe odide ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Anambra Steeti
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'''Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Anambra''' State bụ Ngalaba Iwu nke Gọọmentị Anambra State nke e guzobere na 1991 mgbe e guzobere Anambra State. Ọ bụ otu ụlọ nwere ndị otu 30 a họpụtara ahọpụta na-anọchite anya mpaghara 30. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2019, Uchenna Okafor bụ onye isi oche nke ụlọ omebe iwu nke Anambra State.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/06/uche-okafor-emerges-new-speaker-anambra-house-of-assembly/amp/ "Uche Okafor emerges new speaker Anambra House of Assembly"] June 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref>
== Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ==
Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Anambra Steeti nwere ndị otu iri atọ. Ndị otu a na-anọchite anya mpaghara 30 dị n'okpuru mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo 21 nke steeti ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anambra State LGAs|url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-state-lgas/|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=Centre for Community and Rural Development|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124231912/https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-state-lgas/}}</ref> A na-ekewa mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo na mpaghara ndị omeiwu atọ nke gụnyere Anambra Central, Anambra North, na Anambra South. Mpaghara ndị Senatorial ndị a nwere mpaghara 10 nke ọ bụla nwere ndị nnọchiteanya na State House of Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-10|title=Anambra: APGA wins 24 seats, PDP 6 in House of Assembly poll|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/anambra-apga-wins-24-seats-pdp-6-in-house-of-assembly-poll/|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Ndepụta nke mpaghara ===
Anambra Central Senatorial Zone: Anaocha I, Anaocha II, Awka North, Awka South I, Awka Sud II, Dunukofia, Idemmili North, Idemmili South, Njikoka I na Njikoka II.
Anambra North Senatorial Zone: Anambra West, Anambra East, Oyi, Onitsha North II,
Onitsha South I, Onitsha South II, Ayamelum, Onitsha North I, Ogbaru I na Ogbaru II.
Anambra South Senatorial Zone: Aguata I, Aguata II, Ihiala I, Ihiale II, Nnewi North,
Nnewi South I, Orumba North, Orumba South, Ekwusigo na Nnewi South II
==== Ịgba ọsọ ====
Ụlọ Nzukọ nke steeti Anambra ahụla ọtụtụ nnupụisi. Na Septemba 2021, ndị omeiwu isii si na All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) gaa na All Progresssives Congress (APC).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chukindi|first=Joe|date=2021-09-04|title=Why we left APGA – Six Anambra State assembly members|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/09/04/why-we-left-apga-six-anambra-state-assembly-members/|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-01|title=Anambra Guber: 6 Assembly members join APC|url=https://dailynigerian.com/anambra-guber-assembly/|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=Daily Nigerian|language=en-GB}}</ref>
N'otu ụzọ ahụ, ndị otu iri na otu nke ụlọ ahụ si na All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) na Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) banye na All Progress Congress (APC). Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ dị ise
ndị otu na-eje ozi, anọ bụbu ndị otu House of Representatives, na abụọ Anambra House of Assembly. Ha bụ Douglas Egbuna, Ebuchi Offor, Vincent Oguwelu, Ifeanyichukwu Ibezi, Emeka Anoku, Chris Emeka na Ifeanyi Monah, Ohwudili Ezenwa, Chinwe Nwaebili.Chuma Nzeribe na Emeka Azubogu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=APC receives 11 Anambra lawmakers from PDP, APGA|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/487493-apc-receives-11-anambra-lawmakers-from-pdp-apga.html|accessdate=2022-02-27|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
<references />
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Ademola Adeleke
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{{Databox}}'''Ademola Nurudeen Jackson Adeleke''' {{Audio|Yo-Ademola Nurudeen Jackson Ade.ogg|audio}} ((Listeni); amụrụ na 13 Mee 1960) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria, onye jere ozi dị ka gọvanọ nke Osun Steeti kemgbe 2022. Ọ bụ onye omeiwu nke nọchitere anya Osun-west senatorial Mpaghara site na 2017 ruo 2019.
O sitere n'ezinụlọ [[Adeleke]] nke Ede na Osun Steeti. O sonyere na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke Osun Steeti na 2022 n'okpuru ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party ma merie gọvanọ nọ n'ọkwa, Adegboyega Isiaka Oyetola nke APC onye meriri ya na ntuliaka gọvanọ Osun Steeti nke 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-17|title=BREAKING: INEC declares PDP's Adeleke winner of Osun poll|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-pdps-adeleke-winner-of-osun-poll/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Adeleke get 17 out of 30 local goment areas to win Osun govnorship election|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-62189734|accessdate=2022-07-17}}</ref>
== Mmụta ==
Adeleke malitere agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Methodist, Surulere [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos]] Steeti wee kwaga Old Oyo Steeti wee gaa Nawarudeen Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị l. Ọ gara n'ihu na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Adventist nke ụbọchị asaa, Ede kwa na Old Oyo Steeti mgbe ahụ ma mesịa kwaga Ede Muslim Grammar Ụlọ akwụkwọ Ede, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya tupu ọ kwaga United Steeti.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|author=Agbedo|first=Onyedika|title=Personality of the Week: Ademola Adeleke|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/personality-of-the-week-senator-ademola-adeleke/|work=Sunnews Online|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> Ka ọ hapụrụ Naijiria iji gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na esonyere ụmụnne ya abụọ ndị ọzọ tọrọ ya na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United Steeti]] of Amerika.<ref name="auto" /> Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na Mahadum Jacksonville Steeti, [[Alabama]] na United Steeti ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ikpe ikpe mpụ na obere na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About – Senator {{!}} Ademola Adeleke|url=https://senademolaadeleke.com.ng/about/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|title=5 quick facts about PDP governorship candidate in Osun|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/ademola-adeleke-5-quick-facts-about-pdp-governorship-candidate-in-osun/xplmr24|work=Pulse|accessdate=27 January 2019|archivedate=27 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127152532/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/ademola-adeleke-5-quick-facts-about-pdp-governorship-candidate-in-osun/xplmr24}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ esemokwu gbara nzere agụmakwụkwọ ya gburugburu, ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ wee banye na Atlanta Obodo ukwu College na United Steeti, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Science na ikpe ikpe mpụ na 2021.
== Ọrụ ==
=== Ngalaba onwe onye ===
Adeleke bụ onye ọchụnta ego na onye nchịkwa; ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Guinness Nigeria|Guinness]] Naijiria Plc site na 1992-1999, ebe ndị isi nchịkwa ya gụnyere General Theophilus Danjuma; ọ bụ onye isi nchịk nke otu na ụlọ ọrụ nwanne ya nwoke, Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Pacific Holdings Limited site na 2001 ruo 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ademola Adeleke's School Certificate Scandal And Other Things To Know About Osun Governor-elect {{!}} Sahara Reporters|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/07/17/ademola-adelekes-school-certificate-scandal-and-other-things-know-about-osun-governor|accessdate=2022-09-22|work=saharareporters.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-19|title=How I built multi-million dollar business in US, Senator Ademola Adeleke|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/01/how-i-built-multi-million-dollar-business-in-us-senator-ademola-adeleke/|accessdate=2022-02-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Tupu ọ banye na Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Pacific Holdings Limited Ademola rụrụ ọrụ na Quicksilver Ụlọ ọrụ Courier na Atlanta, Georgia, US, dị ka onye ọrụ ngo na 1985-1989. Ọ gara n'ihu na Origin International LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, US, ụlọ ọrụ na emepụta ihe na esi ísì ụtọ na ihe na emepụta ísì ụtọ dị ka osote onye isi oche site na 1990 ruo 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=Personality of the Week: Ademola Adeleke|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/personality-of-the-week-senator-ademola-adeleke/|work=Sun News Online|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref>
=== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ===
Adeleke bụ onye otu obodo na onye ọrụ ebere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mp/profile/972|title=Ademola Adeleke|work=Nass.gov.ng}}</ref> Adeleke malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya n'afọ 2001 n'akụkụ nwanne ya nwoke nwụrụ anwụ [[Isiaka Adeleke|Senator Isiaka Adeleke]] onye nwụrụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2017. O sonyere na ntuli aka Osun n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ 2017 mgbe ọnwụ nwanne ya nwoke gasịrị, na apụta dị ka onye mmeri n'okpuru People's Democratic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://peoplesdemocraticparty.com.ng/|title=peoplesdemocraticparty.com.ng|work=Peoplesdemocraticparty.com.ng}}</ref>
Ademola bụ onye otu n'okpuru All Progressives Congress ruo mgbe ọ banyere na [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://peoplesdemocraticparty.com.ng/|title=Peoples Democratic Party|work=Peoplesdemocraticparty.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiumherald.com/2017/06/13/osun-west-election-isiaka-adelekes-brother-ademola-decamps-pdp/|title=Osun West by-election: Isiaka Adeleke’s brother, Ademola decamps to PDP|author=Herald|first=Premium|date=2017-06-13|work=The Premium Herald|accessdate=2017-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/06/14/osun-west-election-isiaka-adelekes-brother-ademola-withdraws-apc-primary-decamps-pdp/|title=Osun West by-election: Isiaka Adeleke's brother, Ademola withdraws from APC primary, decamps to PDP|date=2017-06-14|work=Daily Post Nigeria|accessdate=2017-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/apc-party-lies-card-carrying-member-not-adeleke/|title=APC a party of lies, I was card-carrying member but not again – Adeleke - Vanguard News|date=2017-06-15|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=2017-07-12|language=en-US}}</ref> n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2017.
N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2018, Adeleke pụtara dị ka onye na azọ ọkwa gọvanọ nke PDP na Osun Steeti mgbe o ji votu asaa merie Akin Ogunbiyi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/21/breaking-%E2%80%98dancing-senator%E2%80%99-ademola-adeleke-emerges-osun-pdp-governorship-candidate%E2%80%A6-7|title=BREAKING: ‘Dancing Senator’ Ademola Adeleke Emerges Osun PDP Governorship Candidate… By 7 Votes|date=2018-07-21|work=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=2018-07-23|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ihe ihere asambodo ==
E boro Adeleke ebubo ma boo ya ebubo n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Osogbo maka ịghọ akaebe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na nsonaazụ WAEC iji kagbuo ọkwa gọvanọ ya. Ihe akaebe Adeleke nyere INEC na 20 Julaị 1988, dị ka Heading Ede Muslim Ụlọ akwụkwọ Grammar, Osun Steeti, dịka n'afọ ahụ Osun steeti adịghị. Ọzọkwa nsonaazụ SSCE gosipụtara na akaebe na egosi na usoro nyocha ahụ adịghị n'afọ 1981<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/adeleke-presented-forged-school-testimonials-to-inec-plaintiffs-tell-court/|title=Adeleke presented forged school testimonials to INEC, plaintiffs tell court|work=Punchng.com|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/adeleke-faults-arrest-of-school-principal-over-his-testimonial-264290.html|title=Adeleke faults arrest of school principal over his testimonial|first=Hameed|author=Oyegbade|date=5 August 2018|work=Daily Trust|accessdate=1 April 2019|archivedate=1 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192453/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/adeleke-faults-arrest-of-school-principal-over-his-testimonial-264290.html}}</ref> Onye ọka iwu Adeleke na agbachitere ya na ekwu na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya apụtaghị iji gọnahụ akaebe ya na arịọ ụlọ ikpe ka ọ kagbuo ikpe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/osun-2018-adeleke-to-know-fate-over-certificate-suit-on-wednesday/|title=Osun 2018: Adeleke to know fate over certificate suit on Wednesday|work=Punchng.com|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref> Ụlọikpe jụrụ ikpe ahụ na ekwu na onye gbara akwụkwọ enweghị ike igosi aghụghọ Adeleke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-court-refuses-to-stop-adeleke-as-osun-pdp-gov-candidate/|title=Court refuses to stop Adeleke as Osun PDP gov candidate|work=Punchng.com|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref> Ndị akaebe gwara ụlọ ikpe na ha ahụghị Adeleke n'ụlọ nyocha. Otu n'ime ndị akaebe kwuru na ọ gaara amata ya ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ onye ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Television|first=Oak|title=Certificate Scandal: We didn’t see Ademola Adeleke in exam hall, witnesses tell court|url=https://oak.tv/certificate-scandal/|accessdate=9 April 2019|work=OAK TV|date=4 April 2019}}</ref>
== Asọmpi ọchịchị ==
Adeleke gbara ọsọ maka ntuli aka gọvanọ steeti Osun n'okpuru PDP megide ndị na asọ mpi Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola nke APC na Iyiola Omisore nke SDP na 22 Septemba 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/osun-guber-race-how-the-candidates-stand/|title=Osun guber race: How the candidates stand|first=Urowayino|author=Warami|date=22 September 2018|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref> Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkọta Nchịkọta (INEC) kwupụtara na ntuli aka ahụ enweghị nkwubi okwu ma mee ka ọ dịghachi na 27 Septemba 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/inec-reveals-why-osun-gov-election-is-inconclusive/|title=INEC reveals why Osun gov election is inconclusive|work=Punchng.com|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref> A mara onye na azọ ọkwa nke APC Oyetola dị ka onye mmeri mgbe asọmpi nke abụọ gasịrị. Adeleke mere mkpesa banyere nsonaazụ ahụ na akọwa ntuli aka ahụ dị ka "ịgba ọchịchị".
N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe nọ na Abuja kwupụtara na Adeleke bụ onye mmeri nke ntuli aka ahụ.
Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu mechara kwado Gboyega Oyetola dị ka ezigbo onye mmeri nke ntuli aka ọchịchị Osun Steeti nke 2018 na Fraịde, 5 Julaị 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-05|title=Oyetola beats Adeleke at Supreme Court to remain Osun Governor|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/oyetola-beats-adeleke-at-supreme-court-to-remain-osun-governor/7xejpce|accessdate=2021-09-08|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908150806/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/oyetola-beats-adeleke-at-supreme-court-to-remain-osun-governor/7xejpce}}</ref>
N'afọ 2022, Adeleke sonyere na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke 16 Julaị n'okpuru PDP megide gọvanọ nọ n'ọkwa Gboyega Oyetola. Adeleke meriri Gboyega Oyetola na votu 402,979 na votu 375,077. Adeleke meriri na mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo iri na asaa, gụnyere Olorunda, Ede South, Orolu, [[Osogbo]], Odo Otin, Ifelodun, Boluwaduro, Atakumosa, na Ila.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://knowledgebase.com.ng/breaking-pdps-adeleke-defeats-governor-gboyega-oyetola-to-win-osun-election/|title=BREAKING: PDP’s Adeleke Defeats Governor Gboyega Oyetola To Win Osun Election|date=2022-07-17|work=Knowledgebase|accessdate=2022-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Adeleke bụ di Titilola Adeleke ma bụrụkwa nna ụmụ asatọ gụnyere [[B-Red]]. Ọ bụkwa nwanne nna onye egwu, [[Davido]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2017-07-11|title=Davido's uncle, Ademola Adeleke dances to his victory in Osun West by-election [VIDEO]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/07/11/davidos-uncle-ademola-adeleke-dances-victory-osun-west-election-video/|accessdate=2022-06-20|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-16|title=Davido battles odds to support uncle’s gov ambition|url=https://punchng.com/davido-battles-odds-to-support-uncles-gov-ambition/|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:1960 births]]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Alim Abubakre
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. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-05-06|title=Entrepreneurs talk ‘green’|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/entrepreneurs-talk-%E2%80%98green%E2%80%99|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=University of Cambridge|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Helping to cut through the ‘greenwash’|url=https://www.businessweekly.co.uk/news/cleantech/8110-helping-cut-through-%E2%80%98greenwash%E2%80%99|accessdate=7 March 2023|work=www.businessweekly.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cambridge to host Sustainable Entrepreneurship seminar|url=http://www.varsity.co.uk/news/2667|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=www.varsity.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sustainable Amidst Austerity, Resource Scarcity and a Limited Growth World {{!}} Sustainability Exchange|url=https://www.sustainabilityexchange.ac.uk/news/sustainable_amidst_austerity_resource_scarcity_|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=www.sustainabilityexchange.ac.uk|archivedate=2023-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307002206/https://www.sustainabilityexchange.ac.uk/news/sustainable_amidst_austerity_resource_scarcity_}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=TEXEM to hold master class on board organisation|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/texem-to-hold-master-class-on-board-organisation/|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=guardian.ng|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307002203/https://guardian.ng/appointments/texem-to-hold-master-class-on-board-organisation/}}</ref>'''Alim Abubakre''' bụ onye nkuzi ukwu nke Britain-Nigeria na International Business na Sheffield Business School. [1] [2] [3] [4] Tupu ọ akwụkwọ ọrụ na Mahadum Coventry, ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Southampton na Nottingham Management School . [5] [6] [7] [8] Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu na ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ dị elu dị ka onye isi oche (HEA). [9] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Leicester na Master of Business Administration . [10] Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye na- ezinụlọ onye isi oche nke ndị isi ndị isi ma bụrụ onye masịrị maka London Business School Africa Club
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-08-25|title=Nigerian born academic bags prestigious UK education academy Senior Fellowship|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-born-academic-bags-prestigious-uk-education-academy-senior-fellowship/22x5rt4|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2023-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306224217/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-born-academic-bags-prestigious-uk-education-academy-senior-fellowship/22x5rt4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-06|title=Abubakre Is Synonymous With Leadership|url=https://leadership.ng/abubakre-is-synonymous-with-leadership/|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}</ref>Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke ọrụ ya na- anya n'ibu, ihe gbasara nsogbu na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi. [1] [2] [3] Ahụ ya dị ka otu n'ime 100 Virgin Media na-azụ ndị na-azụ na UK na 2010. [4] [5] [6] [7] Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi. & onye nkuzi na onye otu nke Institute of Enterprise and Entrepreneurs. Ọ bụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Mbelata ego ogbenye, nke World Bank na-akwado, na Nigeria
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Audu Bulama Bukarti
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'''Audu Bulama Bukarti''' bụ onye nyocha Naijiria a ma ama, onye nkatọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, onye ọka iwu ọgụgụ isi ọha na eze na ikike mmadụ.
Ọ bụ onye isi nyocha ugbu a na Extremism Policy Unit nke Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, onye isi na-abụghị onye bi na Africa Program nke Center for Strategic and International Studies yana onye na-ede akụkọ na Daily Trust nke nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ dị n'ebe ugwu Nigeria ebe ọ na-ede Wednesday ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://institute.global/contributors/audu-bulama-bukarti|title=Audu Bulama Bukarti|work=Institute for Global Change|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2022-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205181957/https://institute.global/contributors/audu-bulama-bukarti}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csis.org/people/bulama-bukarti|title=Bulama Bukarti|work=www.csis.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytrust.com/minister-to-bulama-bukarti-bandits-have-been-degraded|title=Minister to Bulama Bukarti: Bandits have been degraded|work=Daily Trust|date=17 November 2020|accessdate=2 October 2023|archivedate=20 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720201124/https://dailytrust.com/minister-to-bulama-bukarti-bandits-have-been-degraded/}}</ref>
Nnyocha Bulama na-elekwasị anya n'òtù ndị na-eme ihe ike na mpaghara Sahara Africa. Ọ mụọla [[Extremist groups in Africa|òtù ndị]] na-emebiga ihe ókè n'Africa ihe karịrị afọ iri ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, nkọwa, na op-ed banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme, echiche, na atụmatụ; deradicalization na reintegration nke ndị agha gara aga; na nzaghachi maka COVID-19, gụnyere maka Foreign Policy, Independent, Telegraph, CNN, Council on Foreign Relations, Hudson Institute, National, na War on the Rocks. A kpọtụrụ ya aha ọtụtụ ugboro na The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Telegraph, na Reuters, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gunmen kidnap at least 20 boys from Nigerian boarding school|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-kidnapping-school-boys-kigara/2021/02/17/7fe04b72-7106-11eb-8651-6d3091eac63f_story.html|accessdate=2021-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Parkinson|first=Drew Hinshaw and Joe|date=2021-05-21|title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Boko Haram Leader, Responsible for Chibok Schoolgirl Kidnappings, Dies|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/boko-haram-leader-responsible-for-chibok-schoolgirl-kidnappings-dies-11621608392|accessdate=2021-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Maclean|first=Ruth|date=2021-05-21|title=Nigerian Terrorist Leader 'Dies' Again. Was This the End of His 9th Life?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/21/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-Abubakar-Shekau.html|accessdate=2021-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-13|title=Shekau threatens Nigerian analyst at Tony Blair Institute|url=https://guardian.ng/news/shekau-threatens-nigerian-analyst-at-tony-blair-institute/|accessdate=2021-06-08|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607065604/https://guardian.ng/news/shekau-threatens-nigerian-analyst-at-tony-blair-institute/}}</ref> O nyela ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche nke BBC World Service, Sky News, France 24, Voice of America, Al Jazeera TRT World na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Bulama n'obodo Bukarti nke Yobe State, Nigeria, ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na [[Bukarti]] Primary School, Yobe, ọ nwetara asambodo Nigeria ya na Education (NCE) n'afọ 2005, site na College of Education Gashua, Nigeria. Ọ gara Mahadum Bayero, Kano n'etiti afọ 2006 na 2011 ebe ọ nwetara Bachelor of Laws (Common & Islamic Law); na klas nke abụọ ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu [[Naijiria]] ebe a zụrụ ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka iwu na 2012.
N'afọ 2016, Bukarki nwetara Master of Laws na Mahadum Bayero, Kano ma ọ nọ ugbu a na Mahadim SOAS nke London maka Doctor of Philosophy in Law.
== Ọrụ ==
Bulama malitere ọrụ ya dị ka Assistant Senior Accounts Officer II na Karasuwa Local Government of Yobe State ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ iri nke bụ site na 2003 ruo 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/human-rights-workshop-scholars-consider-role-policing-light-endsars|title=Human Rights Workshop: Scholars Consider Role of Policing in Light of #EndSARS|work=law.yale.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/ha/lauya-mai-ceton-alumma-kyauta-a-kano/a-19087426|title=Lauya mai ceton al'umma kyauta a Kano | DW | 02.03.2016|work=DW.COM}}</ref>
Ọ bụ onye ọbịa oge niile na ọwa asụsụ Hausa- na Bekee, gụnyere Voice of America, BBC, Aljazeera na Deutsche Welle; ọ na-ekwu okwu na Mahadum Oxford na Chatham House; Mahadum Harvard, [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], Mahadim George Washington na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title="Di truth be say pipo don reach boiling point for northern region of Nigeria"|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53005405|accessdate=2021-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-12|title=Tattaunawar Barister Bulama Bukarti da Barrister Mai Nasara Umar kan batun zaben|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-47547713|accessdate=2021-06-08|work=BBC News Hausa|language=ha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Tattaunawa da Audu Bulama Bukarti kan tabarbarewar tsaro a Najeriya {{!}} DW {{!}} 30.11.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/ha/tattaunawa-da-audu-bulama-bukarti-kan-tabarbarewar-tsaro-a-najeriya/av-55779074|accessdate=2021-06-08|work=DW.COM|language=ha-NG}}</ref>
== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
# Akụkụ kachasị echegbu onwe ya banyere ntọrọ Kankara, African Arguments, (February 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanarguments.org/2021/02/the-most-worrying-aspect-of-the-kankara-kidnapping/|title=The most worrying aspect of the Kankara kidnapping|date=February 17, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The most worrying aspect of the Kankara kidnapping|url=https://institute.global/policy/most-worrying-aspect-kankara-kidnapping|accessdate=2021-06-08|work=Institute for Global Change|language=en|archivedate=2021-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607145248/https://institute.global/policy/most-worrying-aspect-kankara-kidnapping}}</ref>
# Okwu ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime ndị na-eme ihe ike n'Africa, Hudson Institute (Ọktoba 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hudson.org/research/16467-the-west-in-african-violent-extremists-discourse|title=The West in African Violent Extremists' Discourse - by Audu Bulama Bukarti|first=Audu Bulama|author=Bukarti|work=www.hudson.org}}</ref>
# Esemokwu Mozambique na ọnọdụ nchekwa na-emebi emebi, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change (June 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://institute.global/policy/mozambique-conflict-and-deteriorating-security-situation|title=The Mozambique Conflict and Deteriorating Security Situation|work=Institute for Global Change|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2023-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202171845/https://institute.global/policy/mozambique-conflict-and-deteriorating-security-situation}}</ref>
# Njikọ na-egbu egbu: coronavirus na-eme ka Boko Haram dị ize ndụ karịa mgbe ọ bụla The Telegraph (June 2020)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/deadly-alliance-coronavirus-makes-boko-haram-dangerous-ever/|title=A deadly alliance: coronavirus makes Boko Haram more dangerous than ever|first=Bulama|author=Bukarti|work=The Telegraph|date=June 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://institute.global/policy/deadly-alliance-coronavirus-makes-boko-haram-more-dangerous-ever|title=A deadly alliance: coronavirus makes Boko Haram more dangerous than ever|work=Institute for Global Change|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2022-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205182007/https://institute.global/policy/deadly-alliance-coronavirus-makes-boko-haram-more-dangerous-ever}}</ref>
# N'ihi coronavirus, Boko Haram na-alọghachi, The Independent (April 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/voices/coronavirus-boko-haram-nigeria-niger-cameroon-chad-a9470861.html|title=Opinion: Thanks to coronavirus, Boko Haram is making a comeback|date=April 17, 2020|work=The Independent}}</ref>
# Otu Òtù Jihadi na Africa ga-esi jiri COVID-19 mee ihe, Council on Foreign Relations (April 2020)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221205180557/https://institute.global/policy/how-jihadi-groups-africa-will-exploit-covid-19 April 2020</ref>
# Ihe ịma aka nke ndị Boko Haram na-agba ọsọ na Chad, Agha na Nkume (Mach 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://institute.global/policy/challenge-boko-haram-defectors-chad|title=The Challenge of Boko Haram Defectors in Chad|work=Institute for Global Change|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2022-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205183458/https://institute.global/policy/challenge-boko-haram-defectors-chad}}</ref>
# Mmalite nke Boko Haram - Na Ihe Mere Ọ Dị Mkpa, Hudson Institute (Jenụwarị 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://institute.global/policy/origins-boko-haram-and-why-it-matters|title=The Origins of Boko Haram—And Why It Matters|work=Institute for Global Change|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2022-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205182003/https://institute.global/policy/origins-boko-haram-and-why-it-matters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hudson.org/research/15608-the-origins-of-boko-haram-and-why-it-matters|title=The Origins of Boko Haram—And Why It Matters - by Audu Bulama Bukarti|first=Audu Bulama|author=Bukarti|work=www.hudson.org}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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[[Usòrò:Azare Town Gate.jpg|thumb|Ụzọ mbata Azare]]
Azare bụ obodo dị na Bauchi Steeti, Naịjirịa . Azare Bauchi Steeti Ọ bụ Mallam Zaki guzobere ya bụ onye Shehu Usman Danfodio tinyere n'ọkwa n'oge mmalite 1814. Azare bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Katagum nke dị na Bauchi Steeti, obodo Azare nwere ókèala n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Damban LGA na Potiskum Yobe Steeti na n'ebe ndịda site na Gọọmentị Obodo Misau, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ site na Gọmentị Obongo Jama'are, na n'akụkụ ugwu site na Itas / Gadau Obodo Gọọmentụ nke Bauchi Steet. Katagum Bauchi Steeti Potiskum Yobe Steeti
== Akụkọ banyere okike nke Azare ==
E guzobere Azare na 1803 dị ka ezinụlọ Mallam Lawan, nna nke eze mbụ na nke abụọ nke Azare si kwuo. Mallam Bonni bụ nwanne nwoke nke Mallam Zaki. Mallam Ibrahim Zaki bụ onye mbụ biri n'obodo Azare, Ọ bụ nwa Mallam Lawan onye nwụrụ n'obodo Yayu dị nso na Chinade.
Mallam Lawan bu ụzọ biri na Nafada na Gombe emirate ma mesịa kwaga Yayu ebe o nwere nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Zaki. Gombe Zaki Mgbe ọnwụ Mallam Lawan gasịrị, Mallam Zaki gara Sheikh Usman Danfodio na Sokoto iji weghara ọrụ n'ọnọdụ Mallam Layan. Sheikh Usman Danfodio Sokoto N'afọ 1814, Mallam Zaki gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Alakụba Sheikh Dan Fodio na Sokoto, n'ihe dị ka 1809, o bu ụzọ biri na Tashena, obodo dị ihe dị ka kilomita 90 site na Azare ugbu a, Mallam Zaka malitere ịchị site na 1807 ruo 1914 nwanne ya nwoke, nke a maara dị ka Sulaiman Adandaya, nọchiri ya site na 1814 ruo 1816. Eze nke atọ nke Azare Mallam Dankauwa gbara arụkwaghịm site na 1816 ruo 1846, na Azare Katagum LGA site n'ọchịchị ya, ihe karịrị ndị ọchịchị asatọ chịrị mpaghara a ruo taa. Katagum<ref>Abdullahi Adamu (Manga) Azare</ref>
N'ihe banyere nke a, oge ọkọchị na Azare Katagum LGA na-adị site na Ọktọba ruo Eprel na oge mmiri ozuzo na-eme naanị n'etiti Mee na Septemba na-eru n'ókè ya n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ mmiri ozuzo dị n'etiti 1300mm kwa afọ. Katagum
N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ala ndị dị n'akụkụ gosipụtara ebe ndị dị elu nke Azare Katagum plain. Katagum Ọ bụ ezie na ala na-amị mkpụrụ na-adabere na ala dị larịị na-enye ala na-eme nri. Ala ahụ dị mma maka mmepụta na ịzụlite ogho karịsịa n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ugwu Azare, nke dị mma maka imepụta ogho.
Otú ọ dị, Azare bụ obodo na-arụ ọrụ ugbo nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na ya dabere na ọrụ ugbo na anụ ụlọ dị ka ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ala ya nke na-akwado uto ọka, Ọrụ ugbo nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na Azare. Fadama bara ọgaranya nke dị gburugburu mpaghara ahụ na-enye ala ugbo na-eme nri maka ọka, ihe ọkụkụ mgbọrọgwụ, ihe ọkpọ osisi dịka caltrops na akwụkwọ nri dịgasị iche iche, millet (Gero), late millet (Maiwa), Sorghum (Dawa), na groundnut na ogho nke bụ isi ihe ọkụkụ na-ebupụ na bọọdụ ahịa dekọrọ 22,271 tọn groundnut, ihu igwe na ọnọdụ ala na-akwadokwa mmepụta nke bean (wake) na cassava (Rogo).
Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi ihe na-eme ka akụ na ụba Azare nọrọ. Nke a na-akọwa ihe mere nnukwu ala jikọtara ya na ala dị elu na-eme ka ihe dị ka 80-90% nke ndị bi na ya nwee ike itinye aka na nri na ọrụ ugbo. Ọdịdị ala Ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-emepụta n'ógbè ahụ gụnyere ogho, ọka, ọka, mgbe e mesịrị, groundnut na cassava yana ọka [[guinea]].
Ọzọkwa, Azare bụ mpaghara dị iche iche nke nwere agbụrụ na okpukpe dị iche iche bụ ndị bi n'otu oge ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ afọ ma lụọ di na nwunye n'ime ọtụtụ ọdịbendị na-eto eto ma na-agwakọta ihe karịrị atọ (3) ma ọ bụ karịa agbụrụ dị na Azare ndị a bụ fulan, Hausa, na Kare-kare. A na-asụ asụsụ Hausa n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi na ha na-achịkwa, site na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ndị mbịarambịa ndị ọzọ dị iche iche nwere ụdị ọrụ dị iche iche batara na emirate na Naịjirịa iji chụsoo azụmaahịa dị iche iche na azụmahịa dị iche iche n' emirate Katagum na-anabata nke ọma ma nye ha ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị site na narị afọ nke 19 bụ ndị Alakụba, ya mere na-adịghị eme ihe ụfọdụ ọdịnala dịka ife chi, osisi ndị ọzọ na ihe e kere eke àjà mmadụ. Katagum Katagum Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, e kpochapụrụ omume ndị dị otú ahụ kpamkpam. [[Àlakụ̀ba|Islam]] anọgidewo na-abụ okpukpe kachasị n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na, mbata nke ndị mbịarambịa emeela ka iwebata na mgbasa nke [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] na nke a sitere na ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Britain, n'ihi nke a, ụka amalitela n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke eze ukwu ahụ.
Otú ọ dị, dị ka e kwuru, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ bụ ndị Alakụba. N'ezie, e nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ alakụba na ụlọ akwụkwọ Arabic (Makarantun Allo).
E nwere òtù ndị Alakụba dị iche iche dị ka Tijjaniyyah, Qadiriyyah, Shi'ah na Jama'atul Izalatul Bida wa iqamatus sunnah nke e webatara laa azụ na narị afọ nke 19. Jama'atul Izalatul Bida wa iqamatus sunnah<ref>Abdulhadi Abba Kyari Azare '''Diamond Plaza''' ''Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare''</ref>
Mpaghara ahụ bụ ebe nwere ala na-eme nri maka ọrụ ugbo dị mma ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-ahụ n'ógbè ahụ bụ millet, groundnut, ọka, agwa, Onions, wheat, cottons, akwụkwọ nri, Dogon yaro (Bishiyar Maina). Ịzụ ụmụ anụmanụ bụ ọrụ ugbo ọzọ a na-ahụkarị n'ógbè ahụ
== Mmetọ ikuku ==
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ala, ọkachasị uzuzu, na Azare na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ebe ọ bụ na obere nha na ọkpụrụkpụ ha, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ nye ahụike mmadụ ebe ọ bụ na ha na ikuku na-emeghachi omume.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Quality & Pollen Forecast for Azare|url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/outdoorsports/airquality/azare_nigeria_2349213|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=meteoblue|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Quality and Pollen in Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria {{!}} Tomorrow.io|url=https://www.tomorrow.io/weather/NG/BA/Azare/076786/health/|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=Tomorrow.io Weather|language=en|archivedate=2023-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019014111/https://www.tomorrow.io/weather/NG/BA/Azare/076786/health/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-23|title=Azare Air Quality Index (AQI) and Nigeria Air Pollution {{!}} IQAir|url=https://www.iqair.com/nigeria/bauchi/azare|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=www.iqair.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=S.L|first=Tutiempo Network|title=Air quality in Azare (Nigeria)|url=https://en.tutiempo.net/air-quality/azare.html|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=www.tutiempo.net|language=en|archivedate=2023-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126200550/https://en.tutiempo.net/air-quality/azare.html}}</ref>
== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ọ bụ nke kachasị n'ime ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị nso na mpaghara ahụ gụnyere Jama'are, Misau, Bulkachuwa, Disina, Faggo, Zadawa Madachi, na Madara. Jama'are Misau Bulkachuwa Disina Faggo Zadawa Madachi Madara Azare bụ ebe Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Federal Government College Azare, na College of Education Azare. Kọleji nke Mmụta Azare<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fgcazare.net/|title=Home|work=fgcazare.net|accessdate=30 March 2017|archivedate=12 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312000952/https://fgcazare.net/}}</ref>Azare Airstrip dị ihe dị ka kilomita 10 n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ. Azare Airstrip
=== Ọdịdị ala ===
Azare nwere nkume ndị a na-ejighị n'aka nke dị n'okpuru ala nke a na-etinye n'okpuru ihu igwe nke mepụtara regolith miri emi. Nkume ndị ahụ sitere na Precambrian ma nwee ụdị nkume metamorphic na igneous nke a na'etiti ha bụ nkọwa granite; migmatite, gneisses na phillites.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Kogbe|first=C. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmlPAQAAIAAJ|title=Geology of Nigeria|date=1976|publisher=Elizabethan Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Granite na-achịkwa ihe owuwu, ya mere, a na-akpọ ya Granites Ochie.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Carter|first=John Donald|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jvmMQEACAAJ|title=The Geology of Parts of Adamawa, Bauchi and Bornu Provinces in North-eastern Nigeria: Explanation of 1:250,000 Sheets Nos. 25, 36 and 47|date=1963|publisher=authority of the Federal Government of Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ ebe dị n'okpuru ụlọ ahụ bụ obere nkume dị nro, nke na-adịghị aga n'ihu.
Nnyocha ala gara aga nke Azare dị ole na ole. Otú ọ dị, akọwaala akụkụ nke geology nke Upper Benue Trough, na hydrogeology nke akụkụ nke Bauchi State.<ref name=":1"/> Usoro stratigraphic nke elu Benue Trough nwere ihe ndị a fụchiri afụchi nke Cretaceous a na-akpọ Bima Sandstones na-ekwekọghị na Precambrian na Paleozoic Basement. Nke a na-esote Cretaceous Gombe sandstones nke na-agafe n'elu n'ime Tertiary sands nke Kerri Kerri Formation. Usoro a kwụsịrị site na Quaternary Chad Formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Muhammad Auwal|first=Abdussalam|date=2022|title=LinkedIn|url=https://linkedin.com/in/el-baihaqee}}</ref>
=== [[Lhu igwe|Ọnọdụ ihu igwe]] ===
Mpaghara Azare na-enwe oge mmiri ozuzo na oge ọkọchị maka ịmepụta nke ọma n'etiti Mee na June ma kwụsị na Septemba ruo Ọktoba, okpomọkụ dị elu na emirate niile na nkezi kwa ụbọchị 220c site na Eprel ruo Mee (1991).<ref>'''Abdulhadi Abba Kyari''' Retrieved 12 July 2016</ref>
=== Ahịhịa ===
Enwere ike ịkewapụta usoro ahịhịa nke emirate na Sudan na Sahel savannah, ụdị ndị a ma ama a na-ahụkarị bụ ahịhịhịa ahịhịrị nke Sabara Gabaruwa, Kargo (1991).
=== Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ===
Ndị bi na ya amụbaala site na 69,035 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1991 ruo na ọnụ ọgụgụ e mere atụmatụ ya na 2007 nke 110,452.<ref name="world gazetteer">{{Cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?men=gpro&des=gamelan&geo=366067019|title=The World Gazetteer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184417/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?men=gpro&des=gamelan&geo=366067019|archivedate=30 September 2007}}. Retrieved 18 February 2007.</ref> N'ime afọ ise gara aga, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya ejirila ihe karịrị pasent 20. Ọ bụkwa obodo kachasị ukwuu na-eto eto na steeti na mpaghara ahụ. Uto a ma ama n'akụkụ niile site na okike nke Bamako na South-East, Unguwar Dankawu na Makara-huta Inuwa Dahiru Road na North, Federal Lowcost-GRA na Northwest na uto gbasaa na ndịda nke na-ahụ obodo ahụ na-ekpuchi ebe dị ka Chilankori na Chara-Chara Yelwa.
Ndị Azare bụ ndị Alakụba, ha bụkwa ndị agbụrụ hausa. Hausa ndị Alakụba Ọrụ akụ na ụba bụ isi nke obodo ahụ bụ ọrụ ugbo. ọrụ ugbo<ref name="britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9011531/Azare Encyclopædia Britannica entry for Azare]. Retrieved 18 February 2007.</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
heygl2se5go2n39scc2xmaa7vssyahx
Amaoba
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{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->|<!-- Politics ----------------->|official_name=Amaoba|other_name=|native_name=Emeaba|nickname=|settlement_type=Village|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_map_caption=Location of Amaoba in Nigeria|pushpin_mapsize=<!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Nigeria|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_name1=[[Abia State]]|subdivision_type2=L.G.A|subdivision_name2=[[Ikwuano]]|subdivision_type3=Clan|subdivision_name3=[[Oboro (Nigeria)|Oboro]]|government_footnotes=|government_type=Monarchy|leader_title=[[Eze]]|leader_name=HRH Eze Nwankwo Otuwa (Amaoba Ime), HRH Eze Douglas Nwosu (Abaa Ukwu) & HRH Chijioke Imo (Amaoba Ikputu)|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=[[Igbo people|Igbo]]|population_blank2_title=Religion|population_blank2=[[Christianity]]|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|5.4508|N|7.5416|E|region:NG|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=152|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=440109|area_code=440|iso_code=NG.AB.IK|website=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/abia-ikwuano-oboro-amaoba-ime.html
https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/abia-ikwuano-oboro-amaoba-ikputu.html|footnotes=|name=}}
'''Amaoba''' ''{{Audio|Ig-Amaoba.ogg|(Mkpoputa)}}'' bụ obodo Oboro na [[Ikwuano]] Local Government Area nke Abia State, Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|date=2021-01-14|title=Akpabio unveils development plans for Niger Delta region|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/akpabio-unveils-development-plans-for-niger-delta-region/|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref>O nwere obodo nta abụọ na-achị onwe ha, ya bụ Amaoba Ime na Amaoba Ikputu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=State|first=Abia|date=2013-12-06|title=Abia House of Assembly admonishes the Amaoba Ime Community and the authority of Michael Okpara on peaceful co-existence|url=https://abiastate.gov.ng/abia-house-of-assembly-admonishes-the-amaoba-ime-community-and-the-authority-of-michael-okpara-on-peaceful-co-existence/|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=Official Website of Abia State Government|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124165139/https://abiastate.gov.ng/abia-house-of-assembly-admonishes-the-amaoba-ime-community-and-the-authority-of-michael-okpara-on-peaceful-co-existence/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MOUAU, Host Community Differ Over Land Acquisition – Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/mouau-host-community-differ-over-land-acquisition/|accessdate=2023-01-24|language=en-GB}}</ref>Abaa Ukwu, Amaoba Ime, na Ikputu Oboro bụ obodo atọ na-achị onwe ha nke Amaoba. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. (Barr.) Uwaoma Ignatius Ironkwe (JP)|url=https://www.uniport.edu.ng/resources/staff-profile/66-management-department/1168-dr-barr-uwaoma-ignatius-ironkwe-jp.html|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=www.uniport.edu.ng|archivedate=2023-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124165131/https://www.uniport.edu.ng/resources/staff-profile/66-management-department/1168-dr-barr-uwaoma-ignatius-ironkwe-jp.html}}</ref>Ọ dị kilomita 13 site n'isi obodo steeti ahụ, [[Umuahia]]. <ref>{{Cite web|author=elevationmap.net|title=Amaoba-Ime, Oboro, Ikwuano, Nigeria on the Elevation Map. Topographic Map of Amaoba-Ime, Oboro, Ikwuano, Nigeria.|url=https://elevationmap.net/|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=elevationmap.net|language=en|archivedate=2023-03-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314212235/https://elevationmap.net/}}</ref>
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
Ndị okenye obodo ahụ mere ka o doo anya na ogologo oge gara aga, e nwere otu nwoke aha ya bụ Odugbo Ajonu, onye ezinụlọ ya na otu okenye sere okwu, bụ Mazi Odugbo n’Alayi dị nso n’Uzuakoli wee bịa biri n’otu akụkụ ala a mara ugbu a. dika Oboroland. Ọ gawara ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke nta bụ Mazi Idima, onye kpebiri ibi na Abam ugbu a ebe ọ zutere chi nke ya. Mazi Odugbo Ajonu amuru dika dike na-alụ agha n'agbanyeghi onye ikwu ya, ya mere ndi ikwu ya chupuru ya n'Alayi. Mgbe mbụ ọ banyere n’Oborọland, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, kpọọ ya Eme Aba, ọ ka na-atụkwa anya agha ndị ọzọ. (ya bu Amaoba ugbua, ndi no na Olori). Ya na nwunye ya, ọ mụrụ Mazi Akputu ka ọ bụrụ 'Ikputu' ugbu a bụ nwa ya nwoke nke abụọ.
Mgbe ndị agbata obi ya dị nso na ndị dị anya na-enweghị ike ibu mwakpo agha ọ na-atụghị anya ya, a manyere ya n'ebe ọzọ na-enweghị, ebe ahụ ọ mụrụ Mazi Ututu (Izuzu Ututu). Akpọrọ Ututu aha 'Oru' nke akpọrọ aha Ndioru dị ugbu a.
Mazi Odugbo Ajonu mụkwara Mazi Eme Agwara ugbu a na Umuogwara Nnono, Mazi Ebula Ọgụ ugbu a Ogbuebulle, Mazi Awuru Ogu, ugbu a Umu Awuru na Ibere na Mazi Odu, ugbu a Lodu na Ibeku.
Ụlọ agha (chi) nke dị ugbu a dị na Amaoba Ime nke aha ya bụ Agbala ka e jidere n'oge nnukwu agha dị n'etiti Amaoba na ụmụnne ya megide ndị Umuchichi oge ahụ. Mgbe e meriri Umuchichi wee weghara, chi agha ha (Agbala) ka ewegharakwa n'Amaoba. N'oge ahụ, mba Oboro niile bi na Olori, ebe mmiri na-adịghị.
N'oge Mazi Eme Aba nọrọ na Olori, ọ mụrụ Mazi Umo, Ulu na Ohia n'okpuru otu nwunye, ma mụọ Mazi Otugh, Okele na Ika n'okpuru obere nwunye. Ndaeri, Umuohia bụ akụkụ na akụkụ nke Umu Umo.
'Ikputu' sitere na 'Akpautu' nke pụtara onye na-adịghị agbaso ndụmọdụ nke ndị ọzọ. Ikputu bụ otu nne na Amaoba Ime. Ikputu bụ onye mbụ a chụpụrụ na Olori tupu Amaoba Ime. O mere na a chọtara ehi nke otu Mazi Agbaike nke Ikputu na Anya Ikputu n'otu ụzọ ahụ a chọtara Ehi Mazi Adindu nke Amaoba Ime na Odokiri. E wepụrụ Ikputu n'akụkụ mmiri.
Mazi Akputu mụrụ ụmụ nwoke atọ; Ukala (Azukala), Etiti (Etiti Ulo) na Enwe (Umu Enwe). Ụbọchị ahịa ha bụ Orie Uku Ha lekọtara chi Amaoba aha ya bụ [[Ikenga]]. <ref>History of Emeaba (Amaoba Oboro) : As told by Mazi Emezi Ibibiogu, Chief of Umuenwe and Mazi Arisa Umula (Councillor of Ikputu), on the 4/5/55</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="A complete citation is needed. (January 2023)">full citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356191302_ORIGIN_MIGRATION_AND_SETTLEMENT_IN_PRE-COLONIAL_OLD_BENDE_DIVISION_OF_SOUTHEASTERN_NIGERA</ref>
== Obodo nta ndị dị n'okpuru ==
Obodo abụọ ahụ (Amaoba Ime & Amaoba Ikputu) nwere obodo nta 9 jikọtara ọnụ.
-'''Amaoba Ikputu''' (3 obodo nta)
* Azukala
* Etiti Ulo
* Umuenwe
-'''Amaoba Ime''' (6 obodo nta)
* Umumo
* Ndiulu
* Umuohia
* Umuikaa
* Umuoshotugh
* Umuokele<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Negative Impact of Home Videos - Term Paper|url=https://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/The-Negative-Impact-Of-Home-Videos/246388|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=www.termpaperwarehouse.com|archivedate=2023-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124170555/https://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/The-Negative-Impact-Of-Home-Videos/246388}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BEATY INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, AMAOBA - BN-3339820 - Nigeria|url=https://b2bhint.com/en/company/ng/beaty-international-academy-amaoba--BN-3339820|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=BEATY INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, AMAOBA - BN-3339820 - Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GEOSPYLINK NIGERIA LIMITED - RC-1572307 - Nigeria|url=https://b2bhint.com/en/company/ng/geospylink-nigeria-limited--RC-1572307|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=GEOSPYLINK NIGERIA LIMITED - RC-1572307 - Nigeria|language=en}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Abam
* Ndoro
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* https://www.esteegel.com/zipcode/oboro-amaoba-ime-ikwuano-abia-state-postal-code/
* https://www.esteegel.com/zipcode/oboro-amaoba-ikputu-ikwuano-abia-state-postal-code/
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{{Databox}}
'''[[w:Aster Afwork Gebrekirstos|Aster Afwork Gebrekirstos]]''' [[w:African Academy of Sciences|F<small>AAS</small>]] <small>[[w:The World Academy of Sciences|TWAS]]</small> bụ nwanyị ọkàmmụta sayensị na Etiopia na ọkammụta na ngalaba [[w:|Agroforestry]] na [[w:|World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF)]]
=== Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya ===
A mụrụ Aster Gebrekirstos na Shire, [[w:Tigray Region | mpaghara Tigray]], Etiopia dị ka nwa mbụ n'ezinụlọ ụmụ asaa. O bu n'obi ịbụ dọkịta mana nsonaazụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị emeghị ya ka o toruo ịgụ ya, ma ọ ga-ahọrọ n'etiti ikuzi nkuzi na ịmụ maka ọhịa, o wee họrọ ịmụ maka ọhịa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Earth, Oceans and Skies |url=https://simplebooklet.com/earthoceansandskies |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=simplebooklet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth, Oceans and Skies {{!}} African Women in Science |url=https://www.africanwomenscientists.com/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Earth, Oceans, Skies |language=en}}</ref> O nwetara nzere B.Sc na ngalaba [[w:|Forestry]] site na [[w:|Mahadum Haramaya]]. Ọ nọrọ na Mahadum Haramaya dị ka onye nnyemaaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ ozugbo o nwetara nzere bachelọ ya tupu ya erite [[w:|Fellowship Netherland]] wee mezue nzere M.Sc ya na [[w:|Mahadum Nnyocha Wageningen]] (1996 – 1998). Ọ nwetara ọkwa nkuzi na [[w:|Wondo Genet College of Forestry, Mahadum Hawassa]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aster Gebrekirstos (ICRAF) |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=etG2BlkAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>
Enyere ya akwụkwọ ịgụ akwụkwọ N'efu [[w:|German Academic Exchange Service]] (DAAD) iji Nweta nzere Ph.D ya na [[w:|Mahadum Gottingen]] na Germany (2001-2005). Mgbe ọ mesịrị PhD, ọ sonyere dị ka onye nnyocha nwetara ka ọkankuzi ya na ngalaba [[w:|Biophysics na Biochemistry, Mahadum Umeå]], Sweden (2006 – 2008) tupu ọ gaa [[w:|World Agroforestry Center | ICRAF]], Kenya na [[w:|University of Göttingen | Mahadum Göttingen]], Germany (2009-2011).
=== Ọrụ na Nnyocha Ya ===
Dịka onye [[w:|dendrochronologist]], o hiwere ụlọ nnyocha dendrochronology na Etiopia n'afọ 2009, ụlọ nnyocha dendrochronology na [[w:|Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources]] n'afọ 2010, na ụlọ nyocha dendrochronology nke World Agroforestry Center na Kenya n'afọ 2013. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Afwork Gebrekirstos Aster {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/afwork-gebrekirstos-aster |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.aasciences.africa |accessdate=2023-12-05 |archivedate=2022-11-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128160519/http://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/afwork-gebrekirstos-aster }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tree ring laboratory opens at ICRAF |url=https://www.cabi.org/forestscience/news/23229 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.cabi.org}}</ref>
Nnyocha ya na-elegide anya na [[w:|Dendroisotopy]] <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dagar |first1=Jagdish Chander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCASEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Aster+Gebrekirstos%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR8 |title=Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges - Vol. 2 |last2=Gupta |first2=Sharda Rani |last3=Teketay |first3=Demel |date=2021-01-04 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-15-6807-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tropical forests in Africa's mountains store more carbon than previously thought – but are disappearing fast |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210825113706.htm |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=ScienceDaily |language=en}}</ref> mgbanwe ihu igwe,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1LHDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Aster+Gebrekirstos%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR8 |title=Climate change vulnerability assessment of forests and forest-dependent people: A framework methodology |date=2019-11-29 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. |isbn=978-92-5-131981-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Women Scientists Leading the Fight Against the Climate Crisis |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/women-scientists-climate-change-solutions-stem/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> mmekọrịta dị iche iche nke akụrakụ na mmiri ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aster Gebrekirstos (ICRAF) |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=etG2BlkAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Connell |first=Erin |date=2022-08-23 |title=Green water and flying rivers |url=https://forestsnews.cifor.org/78818/green-water-and-flying-rivers?fnl= |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=CIFOR Forests News}}</ref> na ọmụmụ maka ọhịa òtù o si metụta onye na ibe ya.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kindu |first1=Mengistie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQdZEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Aster+Gebrekirstos%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR15 |title=State of the Art in Ethiopian Church Forests and Restoration Options |last2=Schneider |first2=Thomas |last3=Wassie |first3=Alemayehu |last4=Lemenih |first4=Mulugeta |last5=Teketay |first5=Demel |last6=Knoke |first6=Thomas |date=2022-01-12 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-86626-6 |language=en}}</ref> Gebrekirstos bụ onye ọkammụta nleta na [[w:|West African Science Service Center for Climate change Adapted Land Use (WASCAL)]] program, [[w:|Dresden University of Applied Sciences]], [[w:|Centre for International Postgraduate Studies of Environmental Management (CIPSEM)]]. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Aster Gebrekirstos |url=https://www.worldagroforestry.org/staff/aster-gebrekirstos |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=World Agroforestry {{!}} Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Gebrekirstos, Aster |url=https://twas.org/directory/gebrekirstos-aster |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=TWAS |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Aster Gebrekirstos |url=https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/speaker/aster-gebrekirstos/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Events at Global Landscapes Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche Kọmitii gburugburu African Academy of Sciences na osote onye nhazi nke [[w:|IUFRO Task Force on Global Tree Mortality Patterns and Trends, Mountain Research Institute Science Leadership Council]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IUFRO: Officeholder Aster Gebrekirstos Afwork / Who is Who |url=https://www.iufro.org/who-is-who/officeholder/gebrekirstos-afwork/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.iufro.org |accessdate=2023-12-05 |archivedate=2023-03-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321202815/https://www.iufro.org/who-is-who/officeholder/gebrekirstos-afwork/ }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Aster Gebrekirstos |url=https://iuaf.org/team/aster-gebrekirstos/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |language=en-US |accessdate=2023-12-05 |archivedate=2024-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203053827/https://iuaf.org/team/aster-gebrekirstos/ }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=TWAS elects 35 new TWAS Fellows |url=https://twas.org/article/twas-elects-35-new-twas-fellows |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=TWAS |language=en}}</ref>
=== Onyinye na nkwanye Ùgwù ===
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù African Academy of Sciences n'afọ 2017,<ref name=":3" /> Onye òtù World Academy of Sciences n'afọ 2021,<ref name=":4" /> na onye òtù International Academy of Wood Sciences n'afọ 2021. <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
N'afọ 2014, e nyere ya onyinye nturu ugo ihu igwe nke Afrịka maka nnyocha nke ọma na mgbanwe ihu igwe na mbelata. Ọ bụkwa onye mmeri nke 2019 Special Award for Ground Breaking Science; Ndị ọkachamara na-eto eto na ndị inyom na asọmpi sayensị nke Africa bụ nke [[w:|Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA)]], African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS) haziri, [[w:|Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]] (AGRA), [[w:|Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA)]], [[w:|Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM)]], na [[w:|New Partnership for Africa's Development, (NEPAD)]]. <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />
=== Akwụkwọ Ndị Ebipụtara Ahọpụtara ===
{{Scholia}}
*'''Aster Gebrekirstos''', Ralph Mitlöhner, Demel Teketay, Martin Worbes (2008/10). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00468-008-0221-z ''Climate–growth relationships of the dominant tree species from semi-arid savanna woodland in Ethiopia'']. Trees 22:631-641
*'''Aster Gebrekirstos''', Demel Teketay, Masresha Fetene, Ralph Mitlöhner (2006). ''[[doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.029|Adaptation of five co-occurring tree and shrub species to water stress and its implication in restoration of degraded lands]].'' [[Forest Ecology and Management]] 229:1-3 259-267
*'''Aster Gebrekirstos''', Martin Worbes, Demel Teketay, Masresha Fetene, Ralph Mitlöhner (2009/4/1). [[doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.01.002|''Stable carbon isotope ratios in tree rings of co-occurring species from semi-arid tropics in Africa: patterns and climatic signals'']]. Global and Planetary Change 66:3-4 253-260
*Abiyu A, Mokria M, '''Gebrekirstos''' '''A''', Bräuning A. (2018). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112717312501 ''Tree-ring record in Ethiopian church forests reveals successive generation differences in growth rates and disturbance events. Forest Ecology and Management''] 409: 835–844.
*Mokria M, '''Gebrekirstos A''', Abiyu A, Noordwijk M, Bräuning A. (2017). [https://www.asb.cgiar.org/publication/multi-century-tree-ring-precipitation-record-reveals-increasing-frequency-extreme-dry ''Multi‐century tree‐ring precipitation record reveals increasing frequency of extreme dry events in the upper Blue Nile River catchment'']. [[Global Change Biology]] 23: 12 5436–5454.
=== Edensibia ===
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gebrekirstos, Aster}}
[[Category: Ndị òtù African Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category: Ndị òtù TWAS]]
[[Category: Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ si mba Ethiopia]]
[[Category: Ndị ọkachamara na sayensị si mba Ethiopia]]
[[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Hawassa]]
[[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na ọmụmụ maka ọhịa Women]]
[[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na sayensị si mba Ethiopia]]
[[Category: Ndị si mpaghara Tigray]]
[[Category:Climatologists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category: Ndị mmadụ dị ndụ]]
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2019 Jigawa Steeti ntuli aka gọvanọ
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. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Muhammad|first=Khaleel|date=2019-03-10|title=Governor Badaru wins Jigawa governorship election|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/03/10/governor-badaru-wins-jigawa-governorship-election/|accessdate=2021-04-10|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-10|title=Gov. Badaru wins in Jigawa, as APC sweeps 30 Assembly seats|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/gov-badaru-wins-in-jigawa-as-apc-sweeps-30-assembly-seats/czv9dzn|accessdate=2021-04-10|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410193838/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/gov-badaru-wins-in-jigawa-as-apc-sweeps-30-assembly-seats/czv9dzn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-10|title=Jigawa governor wins reelection {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/319245-breaking-jigawa-governor-wins-reelection.html|accessdate=2021-04-10|language=en-GB}}</ref>Nhọpụta mmetụta steeti Jigawa nke afọ 2019 mere na Maachị 9, 2019. Gọvanọ APC nọ n'ọkwa ndị bụ Mohammed Badaru Abubakar meri Aminu Ibrahim Ringim nke PDP na ọtụtụ ndị otu obere obere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ogbolu|first=George|date=2019-03-10|title=APC's Badaru Wins Jigawa Governorship Election|url=https://www.naijanews.com/2019/03/10/apcs-badaru-wins-jigawa-governorship-election/|accessdate=2021-04-13|work=Naija News|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Ripples|date=2019-03-10|title=JIGAWA GUBER: APC's Badaru wins re-election|url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/jigawa-guber-apcs-badaru-wins-re-election/|accessdate=2021-04-13|work=Latest Nigeria News {{!}} Top Stories from Ripples Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ugbodaga|first=Kazeem|date=2019-03-10|title=Jigawa governor, Abubakar wins re-election by landslide|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/03/10/jigawa-governor-abubakar-wins-re-election-by-landslide/|accessdate=2021-04-13|work=P.M. News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-10|title=Badaru Wins in Jigawa, as APC Sweeps 30 Assembly Seats|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/10/badaru-wins-in-jigawa-as-apc-sweeps-30-assembly-seats/|accessdate=2021-04-13|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-10|title=#JigawaDecides2019: Gov. Badaru Wins Re-election, As APC Sweeps 30 Jigawa Assembly Seats|url=https://leadership.ng/jigawadecides2019-gov-badaru-wins-re-election-as-apc-sweeps-30-jigawa-assembly-seats/|accessdate=2021-04-13|work=Leadership Newspaper|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413102326/https://leadership.ng/jigawadecides2019-gov-badaru-wins-re-election-as-apc-sweeps-30-jigawa-assembly-seats/}}</ref>
. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=2019 GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION RESULT|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/JIGAWA-1.pdf|accessdate=|work=INEC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125193950/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/JIGAWA-1.pdf|archivedate=January 25, 2021}}</ref>Mohammed Badaru Abubakar sere ịzọ ọkwa ọkwa n'APC ka o nwetachara vootu 3,123 wee merie onye ya na ya na-akpachi anya bụ Ubale Hashim onye ikike vootu iri ise na anọ. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Ọ mgbaàmà Umaru Namadi ka ọ ga-eso ya. [10] [11] Aminu Ibrahim Ringim bụ onye ikendọrọ uzo PDP na Hussain Umar Namadi dịka onye ga-eso zọo ọkwa ya. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] Mmadụ iri na gbara aka na mmalite ahụ ahụ.
* Onye nhọpụta pati: '''Aminu Ibrahim Ringim'''
* Onye na-agba ọsọ: '''Hussain Umar Namadi'''
* Tijani Ibrahim
* Ali Saad: Gọvanọ ndị nkịtị nke steeti mbụ
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A Na-egbu Ya
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{{Databox}}
OutDaughtered bụ usoro ihe omume [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|Onye America]] na TLC nke Adam na Danielle Busby, ndị nne na nna nke naanị ụmụ agbọghọ ise nke America na ndekọ. Usoro a malitere na Mee 10, 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|title=OutDaughtered, Season 1 on iTunes|url=https://itunes.apple.com/ca/tv-season/outdaughtered-season-1/id1107029474|work=[[iTunes]]|date=May 10, 2016|accessdate=January 18, 2017|language=en}}</ref> wee malite oge nke asatọ ya na Febụwarị 23, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Behrens|first=Danielle|date=February 23, 2021|title='OutDaughtered' Season 8 Premiere Tonight: What to Expect|url=https://www.tvshowsace.com/2021/02/23/outdaughtered-season-8-premiere/|accessdate=March 13, 2021|work=Tv Shows Ace|language=en}}</ref>
== Nkọwa ==
Ezinụlọ Busby nwere Adam na Danielle Busby, ndị lụrụ di na nwunye kemgbe afọ 2006; nwa nwanyị nke okenye bụ Blayke Louise; na ụmụ ise bụ Ava Lane, Olivia Marie, Hazel Grace, Riley Paige, na Parker Kate.
Adam <ref name="Infertility Journey">{{Cite web|title=Infertility Journey|url=http://itsabuzzworld.com/the-pregnancy/infertility-journey/|accessdate=September 16, 2017|work=It's a Buzz World}}</ref> Danielle lụsoro enweghị ike ịmụ nwa ọgụ, n'ikpeazụ ha tụụrụ ime ugboro abụọ ahụ site na Insemination intrauterine.
Danielle mụrụ ụmụ ise site <ref name="News">{{Cite web|title=First-Ever All-Girl Quintuplets Now All Home|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/girl-busby-quintuplets-joins-sisters-home/story?id=32273837|work=[[ABC News]]|date=July 7, 2015|accessdate=September 16, 2017}}</ref> ngalaba Caesarean izu 28 n'ime ime ahụ. <ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{Cite web|date=July 7, 2015|title=First All-Girl Quintuplets Ever Born in US Start to Head Home|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/girl-quintuplets-born-us-start-head-home/story?id=31671499|accessdate=September 16, 2017|work=[[ABC News]]}}</ref>'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe amuchara, a chọpụtara ntamu obi n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ ise ahụ; a gwọrọ nke a na ọgwụ. Ndị ise ahụ nọrọ izu asatọ ruo iri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Time Standing Still|url=http://itsabuzzworld.com/2015/05/28/time-standing-still/|work=It's a Buzz World|accessdate=July 13, 2017}}</ref> abụọ mbụ nke ndụ ha na ngalaba nlekọta siri ike nke ụmụ ọhụrụ na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Texas, <ref name="News" /> tupu a tọhapụ ha ka ha laa n'ụlọ n'etiti June na July 2015.
<ref>{{Cite web|title='OutDaughtered' Mom: 'It Sucks' That One Quintuplet Still Isn't Walking|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/outdaughtered-mom-worried-that-one-quintuplet-isnt-walking-w455686|accessdate=September 11, 2017|work=[[Us Weekly]]|date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> anya Hazel, nystagmus, e dekọrọ site na usoro ahụ. Ọnọdụ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 23, 2017|title='Outdaughtered': Why Does Hazel Wear Glasses, And What's Causing Her Eye Condition?|url=https://www.inquisitr.com/4385247/outdaughtered-why-does-hazel-wear-glasses-and-whats-causing-her-eye-condition/|accessdate=September 11, 2017|work=[[The Inquisitr]]|language=en-US}}</ref>-eme ka Hazel nwee mmegharị anya na-enweghị nchịkwa ma jide isi ya n'akụkụ pụrụ iche iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka enweghị ọhụụ doro anya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 23, 2017|title=What Is Wrong With Hazel on 'OutDaughtered'? Find Out!|url=http://www.intouchweekly.com/posts/what-is-wrong-with-hazel-on-outdaughtered-137246|accessdate=September 11, 2017|work=[[In Touch Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=tlc uk|date=January 19, 2017|title=1 Year Old Goes for Major Eye Surgery {{!}} Outdaughtered {{!}} S2 Episode 3|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddxfPf2oEas|accessdate=September 11, 2017|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>'afọ 2016, a wara Hazel ahụ anya na mgbalị imeziwanye ọnọdụ ya. N'afọ 2017, a chọpụtara na Hazel nwere astigmatism n'anya aka ekpe ya, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ya mgbe ụfọdụ na-agbanye n'ihi na ọ naghị emepe emepe. <ref>{{Cite web|author=tlc uk|date=August 4, 2017|title=Does Hazel Need Eye Surgery? {{!}} NEW Outdaughtered|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tZySlA1ck0|accessdate=September 11, 2017|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> nyere ya iko iji nyere aka na anya aka ekpe ya na olileanya na ọhụụ ya ga-aka mma ka anya ya na-etolite.
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Danielle Busby Urges Husband to Seek Postpartum Treatment for the Sake of Their Marriage|url=http://people.com/tv/outdaughtered-danielle-busby-urges-adam-seek-help-postpartum-depression/|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=August 1, 2017|accessdate=September 11, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> ekwuputala, ma na nzuzo ma n'ihu ọha, banyere ọgụ ya na ịda mbà n'obi mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa.
== Ihe omume ==
=== Nchịkọta usoro ===
{{Series overview|color1=#FF5F5F|link1=<includeonly>List of OutDaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 1 (2016)|episodes1=4|start1={{Start date|2016|05|10}}|end1={{End date|2016|05|31}}|color2=#2E2EFE|link2=<includeonly>List of OutDaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 2 (2016–17)|episodes2=10|start2={{Start date|2016|11|15}}|end2={{End date|2017|1|17}}|color3=#FF69B4|link3=<includeonly>List of OutDaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 3 (2017)|episodes3=10|start3={{Start date|2017|7|11}}|end3={{End date|2017|9|12}}|color4=#69359C|link4=<includeonly>List of OutDaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 4 (2018)|episodes4=13|start4={{Start date|2018|7|10}}|end4={{End date|2018|10|2}}|color5=#FBB917|link5=<includeonly>List of OutDaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 5 (2019)|episodes5=8|start5={{Start date|2019|6|11}}|end5={{End date|2019|7|30}}|color6=#73B504|link6=<includeonly>List of Outdaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 6 (2019)|episodes6=5|start6={{Start date|2019|10|1}}|end6={{End date|2019|10|29}}|color7=#11BBEE|link7=<includeonly>List of Outdaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 7 (2020)|episodes7=4|start7={{Start date|2020|6|2}}|end7={{End date|2020|6|30}}|color8=#771144|link8=<includeonly>List of Outdaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 8 (2021)|episodes8=11|start8={{Start date|2021|2|23}}|end8={{End date|2021|5|4}}|color9=#E1BAB1|link9=<includeonly>List of Outdaughtered episodes</includeonly>#Season 9 (2023)|episodes9=8|start9={{Start date|2023|7|11}}|end9={{End date|2023|8|29}}}}
=== Oge 1 (2016) ===
{{Episode table|background=#FF5F5F|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Make Room for Quints
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|10}}
|Viewers = 1.249<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.10.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-15-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063219/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-15-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 17, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=May 11, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=April 3, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403174804/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-15-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle Busby give birth to the first set of all girl quintuplets in the U.S., and have their lives turned upside down.
|LineColor = FF5F5F
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Chaos with Quints
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|17}}
|Viewers = 1.067<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.17.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-17-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521092314/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-17-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 21, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=May 18, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 13, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234150/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-17-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle struggle to keep up with the quintuplets' demands while also making time for 4-year-old Blayke; a baby photo shoot turns into pure chaos when Grandma Mimi shows up late.
|LineColor = FF5F5F
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Quintuple Trouble
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|24}}
|Viewers = 0.849<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.24.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-24-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528001538/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-24-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=May 25, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=May 28, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528001538/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-24-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam returns to work, leaving Danielle to care for the quintuplets and Blayke by herself; Hazel gets a fever, leaving the family scrambling and Danielle feeling overwhelmed.
|LineColor = FF5F5F
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Should We Stay or Should We Go?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|31}}
|Viewers = 1.246<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.31.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-31-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605025749/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-31-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 5, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=June 2, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 16, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062927/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-5-31-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle realize they need a larger home, but house hunting proves stressful when they factor in the cost; the family heads back to their hometown, and Danielle has an idea that could solve their problems.
|LineColor = FF5F5F
}}}}
=== Oge nke Abụọ (2016-17) ===
{{Episode table|background=#2E2EFE|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Catching Up with the Quints
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|11|15}}
|Viewers = 1.075<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.15.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-15-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063219/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-15-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 17, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=November 16, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=April 3, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403174804/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-15-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle have their hands full chasing after their 15-month-old quintuplets.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = All Eyes on Hazel
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|11|22}}
|Viewers = 1.012<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.22.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-22-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124055150/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-22-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 24, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=November 23, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=November 24, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124055150/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-22-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys take a road trip to Lake Charles to help Mimi with her garage sale, and Danielle learns some shocking news; Danielle and Adam wrestle with the decision to allow Hazel to have a risky eye surgery.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = A Quint in Crisis
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|11|29}}
|Viewers = 1.107<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.29.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-29-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080625/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-29-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 1, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=November 30, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 1, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080625/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-11-29-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Hazel undergoes eye surgery, causing Adam and Danielle to wait anxiously for the results; Blayke prepares for kindergarten and Mimi officially moves in.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Quint-fluenza
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|12|6}}
|Viewers = 0.933<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.6.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-6-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207224813/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-6-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 7, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=December 7, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 7, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207224813/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-6-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = When Danielle catches the flu, Mimi struggles to take care of five babies on her own; Adam plans a 10-year anniversary surprise for Danielle, and when Danielle gives a speech for the hospital, she faces her painful past of having premature babies.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = This Little Quint Stays Home
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|12|13}}
|Viewers = 1.023<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.13.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-13-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215043130/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-13-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=December 14, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 15, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215043130/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-13-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Danielle and Adam think about sending the quints to nursery school, but when one of them isn't allowed to go, the Busbys face the difficult decision of splitting up the girls; living under the Busby roof has begun to take a toll on Mimi.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = 5 Babies on a Budget
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|12|20}}
|Viewers = 1.114<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.20.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-20-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222021904/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-20-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 22, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=December 21, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222021904/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-20-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = After Danielle confronts Adam about his money spending ways, they realize they need to make some tough choices to provide for their girls; the family puts more effort into Hazel's walking so she can join her sisters in pre-school.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = A Nightmare on Quint Street
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|12|27}}
|Viewers = 1.165<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.27.2016|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-27-2016.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229154932/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-27-2016.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 29, 2016|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=December 29, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 29, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229154932/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-27-2016.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys look forward to the Quints' first trick-or-treat outing, but first, they must race to find costumes, shop for pumpkins and get the new house ready for a Halloween party.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Quint-cation Chaos
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|1|3}}
|Viewers = 1.166<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.3.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-3-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105233120/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-3-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 5, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=January 5, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=January 5, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105233120/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-3-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = With the quints hitting the "terrible twos," the Busbys are busier than ever; Danielle plans a romantic Valentine's Day dinner for Adam, but things don't go as planned; Adam and Danielle prepare themselves for Hazel's upcoming eye appointment.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = A Thanksgiving Miracle
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|1|10}}
|Viewers = 1.516<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.10.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-10-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112034239/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-10-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 12, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=January 11, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=January 12, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112034239/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-10-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle decide to host 20 people for Thanksgiving, but soon realize they have bitten off more than they can chew; Hazel has a major breakthrough; Adam and Danielle push Mimi to consider living in an apartment.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = The Quints Take Manhattan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|1|17}}
|Viewers = 1.344<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.17.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-17-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119200817/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-17-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 19, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=January 18, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=January 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119200817/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-1-17-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A talk show asks the Busbys to make a live appearance in New York, but a last minute trip to the doctor has Danielle and Adam concerned about Hazel.
|LineColor = 2E2EFE
}}}}
=== Oge nke 3 (2017) ===
{{Episode table|background=#FF69B4|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Dawn of the Terrible Twos
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|7|11}}
|Viewers = 1.479<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.11.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-a-network-finals-7-11-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713032652/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-a-network-finals-7-11-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 13, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 12, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 15, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715175257/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-a-network-finals-7-11-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = With the quints hitting the "terrible twos," the Busbys are busier than ever; Danielle plans a romantic Valentine's Day dinner for Adam, but things don't go as planned; Adam and Danielle prepare themselves for Hazel's upcoming eye appointment.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = A Little Potty Never Killed Nobody
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|7|18}}
|Viewers = 1.403<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.18.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-18-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719202640/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-18-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 19, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 19, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170719202255/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-18-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = With the possibility of another surgery looming for Hazel, Adam stresses over her upcoming appointment with a new doctor; when the quints start having [[poop explosions]], Danielle tries potty training with disastrous results.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Good Quints Gone Bad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|7|25}}
|Viewers = 1.304<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.25.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-25-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727005707/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-25-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 27, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 26, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 27, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727005707/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-25-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys tackle discipline to get the terrible twos under control; Danielle presses Adam for answers on how he's been feeling; with Mimi taking her time to move into her new home, Danielle devises a plan to help her embrace her new life.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Extreme Quint Makeover
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|8|1}}
|Viewers = 1.449<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.1.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-1-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803045349/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-1-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 3, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 2, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 3, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803045349/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-1-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = While Adam struggles with his emotional issues, the Busbys tackle a playroom makeover for the quints and Blayke; Hazel gets fitted for her new glasses just in time for the girls to take the stage for their first recital.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Multiple Births, Multiple Birthdays
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|8|8}}
|Viewers = 1.444<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.8.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-8-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810021226/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-8-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 10, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 9, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 10, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810021226/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-8-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys plan a joint birthday party for all their girls, but when Blayke wants her own party, Adam and Danielle must come up with a way to make her feel special; the quints' have their first trip to the dentist.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = The Nightmare Before Easter
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|8|15}}
|Viewers = 1.199<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.15.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-15-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034141/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-15-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 17, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 16, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 17, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034141/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-15-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = It's Easter time, and the Busbys have fun activities planned for the holiday, but their extra special surprise may turn into a nightmare; when Adam reveals his unorthodox plan for dealing with his issues, Danielle has a tough decision to make.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = While the Busbys Are Away the Quints Will Play!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|8|22}}
|Viewers = 1.245<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.22.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-22-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824023651/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-22-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 24, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 23, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 24, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824023651/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-22-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle head to Nashville, Tenn., leaving the family to watch the quints, and Hazel gives her uncle a big scare; while away, Adam confronts the fact he's not the only one suffering from his issues.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Battle of the Busby Baby Photos
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|8|29}}
|Viewers = 1.233<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.29.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-29-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831041104/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-29-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 31, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 30, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 31, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831041104/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-29-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle compete to see who can take the cutest photo of the quints so they can promote the new cycle studio; Danielle stresses about her upcoming charity fundraiser; Adam takes a big step toward dealing with his emotional issues.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Mother's Day Getaway
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|9|5}}
|Viewers = 1.349<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.5.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-5-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214253/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-5-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 7, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=September 7, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=September 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214253/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-5-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam plans a beach vacation getaway for Mother's Day, but it may not be relaxing with the entire family in tow; the Quints experience the ocean for the first time; Adam reveals his recent struggles to Nick and Dale.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = The Busby's Newest Addition
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|9|12}}
|Viewers = 1.226<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.12.2017|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-12-2017.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914215853/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-12-2017.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 14, 2017|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=September 14, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 25, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025030345/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-12-2017.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = With the grand opening of the cycle studio looming, tensions rise when Danielle announces she wants to work there more than expected; Hazel returns to the eye doctor; the quints get invited to be grand marshals of the League City parade.
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}}}
=== Oge nke anọ (2018) ===
{{Episode table|background=#69359C|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = The Quints Have Taken Over!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|7|10}}
|Viewers = 1.361<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-10-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712030121/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-10-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2018|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.10.2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 11, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712030121/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-10-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = When Hurricane Harvey hits, one family member suffers a devastating loss; Danielle and Adam are split on what to do about Olivia escaping from her crib; it's time for the simple pleasures of Halloween, but Danielle may have to work through the fun.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 26
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = A Very Busby Thanksgiving
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|7|17}}
|Viewers = 1.285<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.17.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-17-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718234522/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-17-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 18, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 18, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 18, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718234522/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-17-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys plan a special Thanksgiving, but bad news for Mimi may throw the holiday into turmoil; when Adam and Danielle find out that Riley and Parker are moving up to a different classroom, Adam struggles with the idea of separating the quints.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 27
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = It's My Potty and I'll Cry If I Want To
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|7|24}}
|Viewers = 1.339<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.24.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-24-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726005704/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-24-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 26, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 25, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=January 27, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127145636/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-24-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys wade back into potty training, determined not to be defeated this time; Blayke takes gymnastics lessons and enjoys one-on-one time with her parents; Mimi distances herself from the family as she struggles with losing her house.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 28
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = When Danielle's Away, the Quints Will Play
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|7|31}}
|Viewers = 1.296<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.31.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-31-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802040908/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-31-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 1, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 2, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802040908/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-31-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = When Danielle goes out of town for a work conference, Adam's left in charge of all six kids for the weekend; he has big plans in store for his little ladies; a routine eye checkup for Hazel delivers shocking news.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 29
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Quintmas
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|8|7}}
|Viewers = 1.198<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.7.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-7-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809025135/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-7-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 9, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 8, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=January 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119144617/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-7-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle butt heads about where to spend Christmas; the girls perform in a Christmas show but get a case of stage fright.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 30
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = I'm Dreaming of a Cajun Christmas
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|8|14}}
|Viewers = 1.452<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.14.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-14-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816025515/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-14-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 16, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 15, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201555/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-14-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Danielle and Adam want to give their daughters the best Christmas, but as their plans crumble, so does Danielle. Will she hit a breaking point?
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 31
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = New Year, New Responsibilities
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|8|21}}
|Viewers = 1.594<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.21.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-21-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825014722/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-21-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 25, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 22, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 25, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825014722/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-21-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Danielle begins the new year by making a chore chart to teach the kids to help around the house, but wonders if this will remedy her exhaustion or double the quints' tantrums; the girls enter a fashion show.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 32
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = The Last Time This Happened We Had Quints!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|8|28}}
|Viewers = 1.718<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.28.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-28-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830041334/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-28-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 30, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=August 29, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 3, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203230726/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-8-28-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Health concerns worsen Danielle's stress and a pregnancy scare get real when Adam reveals the truth about his vasectomy.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 33
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = OutValentined
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|9|4}}
|Viewers = 1.433<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.4.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-4-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908170740/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-4-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 8, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=September 6, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=September 8, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908170740/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-4-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam must please his wife and all six of his daughters for Valentine's Day. Plus, he and Danielle are stunned by what they learn at Hazel's doctor's appointment.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 34
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Houston, We Have a Potty Problem
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|9|11}}
|Viewers = 1.344<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.11.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-11-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002257/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-11-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 13, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=September 12, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 1, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801081018/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-11-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Danielle prepares to get the girls out of nappies and into underwear, but Adam worries about potential potty disasters.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 35
|EpisodeNumber2 = 11
|Title = Every Quint for Herself
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|9|18}}
|Viewers = 1.598<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.18.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-18-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920011252/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-18-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 20, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=September 19, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 26, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226024657/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-18-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A fun family day turns into chaos when the quints fight over toys. Later, the Busby's volunteer to help renovate a house destroyed by Hurricane Harvey.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 36
|EpisodeNumber2 = 12
|Title = Busby Birthday Bash
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|9|25}}
|Viewers = 1.323<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.25.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-25-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927050138/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-25-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 27, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=September 26, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=September 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927050138/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-9-25-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = As Danielle devises a plan to make Blayke and the Quints feel special on their birthdays, Adam struggles with how much he's missing out on the girl's lives.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 37
|EpisodeNumber2 = 13
|Title = Hawaii Five-Uh-Oh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|10|2}}
|Viewers = 1.362<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.2.2018|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-2-2018.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021455/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-2-2018.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 4, 2018|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=October 3, 2018|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=December 7, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207121033/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-2-2018.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys go to Hawaii on a family holiday, but can they survive the 11-hour journey? Adam considers quitting his job to spend more time with the girls.
|LineColor = 69359C
}}}}
=== Oge nke 5 (2019) ===
{{Episode table|background=#FBB917|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 38
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Young, Wild & Three
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|6|11}}
|Viewers = 1.291<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.11.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-11-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614160317/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-11-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 14, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=June 12, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 14, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614160317/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-11-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The quints are full-blown threenagers now, and Danielle and Adam must figure out how to make them more disciplined; Adam tries to balance working from home, but after Ava gets sick, the Busbys make a shocking discovery in their house.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 39
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Our Home Is Sick
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|6|18}}
|Viewers = 1.430<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.18.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-18-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619202209/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-18-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 19, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=June 19, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 19, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619202209/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-18-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The quints have their first sleepover at the Mills when the Busbys are forced to leave their home for a few days; fearing for the girls' health after prolonged exposure to mold, Danielle and Adam bring them to the doctor.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 40
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = The Quints Get Schooled
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|6|25}}
|Viewers = 1.410<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.25.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-25-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626202226/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-25-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 26, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=June 26, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 26, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626202226/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-25-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Thanksgiving is right around the corner, but celebrating is the last thing on the Busbys' minds; tensions run high between Adam and Danielle as they continue the hunt for a new house and the quints undergo their first school testing.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 41
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = New House, New Problems
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|7|2}}
|Viewers = 1.420<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.2.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-2-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703202242/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-2-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 3, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 3, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 3, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703202242/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-2-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys move out of their mold-infested home, but transitioning isn't easy; the quints night time antics escalate until Adam and Danielle split up their bedrooms for the first time; Adam plans a surprise birthday party for Danielle.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 42
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = The Nightmare Before Quintmas
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|7|9}}
|Viewers = 1.283<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.9.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-9-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711142227/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-9-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 11, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 11, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 11, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711142227/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-9-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = As the Busbys navigate life in their new home, Adam and Danielle try to salvage what's left of the Christmas season; when Danielle learns she needs surgery on her wisdom teeth, Adam struggles to keep the house afloat and deliver a perfect Christmas.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 43
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Lights, Camera, Quints!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|7|16}}
|Viewers = 1.292<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.16.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-16-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717201944/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-16-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 17, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 17, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 17, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717201944/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-16-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam gets a great work opportunity, but he needs to rely on the chaotic quints to make it a success; when Parker's anxiety gets the best of her, the Busbys must look for solutions; Blayke follows in her mother's footsteps with a new hobby.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 44
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Quints on the High Seas
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|7|23}}
|Viewers = 1.320<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.23.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-23-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724202329/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-23-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 24, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 24, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724202329/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-23-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = It's a dream come true for the Busby girls as the whole family goes on a Disney cruise; Adam gets a huge job offer that means major changes for the family, causing tension between him and Danielle.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 45
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = There's No Place Like Home
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|7|30}}
|Viewers = 1.324<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.30.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-30-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731202633/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-30-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 31, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 31, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 31, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731202633/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-7-30-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A trip to the Busbys' old home brings a surprise; Adam's job situation faces a new development; Hazel goes to her eye appointment; Danielle and the Quints come up with a creative way to give back to the NICU.
|LineColor = FBB917
}}}}
=== Oge nke 6 (2019) ===
{{Episode table|background=#73B504|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 46
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Fournado Warning
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|10|01}}
|Viewers = 1.312<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.1.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-1-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002202057/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-1-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 2, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=October 2, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 2, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002202057/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-1-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Quints turn four; Riley navigates her first day of Pre-K; Hazel adjusts to her big girl glasses; Adam's new job means major stress for Danielle.
|LineColor = 73B504
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 47
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Veggies...Ewww!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|10|8}}
|Viewers = 1.249<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.8.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-8-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009202231/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-8-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 9, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=October 9, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 9, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009202231/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-8-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Adam and Danielle want the girls eating healthier, but the Quints aren't on board. They pay a visit to Chef of the House<ref>{{cite web|title=Chef of the House|url=http://chefofthehouse.com/|access-date=October 8, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=May 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528231512/https://chefofthehouse.com/}}</ref> for a some cooking lessons. The Busbys receive news about their house, and Danielle dives into her new business.<ref>{{cite web|title=Outdaughtered Episode List| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6215600/episodes?ref_=tt_ov_epl|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref>
|LineColor = 73B504
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 48
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Not So Quiet Riot
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|10|15}}
|Viewers = 1.186<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.15.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-15-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016202123/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-15-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 16, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=October 16, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 16, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016202123/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-15-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The Busbys agree to no more naps for the Quints and the results threaten to push Danielle to the edge as she deals with a house full of cranky four-year-olds.
|LineColor = 73B504
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 49
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Quint Tested, Parent Approved
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|10|22}}
|Viewers = 1.179<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.22.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-22-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023202029/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-22-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 23, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=October 23, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023202029/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-22-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = As the Quints prepare for the end-of-year testing to determine their class placement next year; fears of Parker's anxiety return.
|LineColor = 73B504
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 50
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Big Decisions in the Big Country
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|10|29}}
|Viewers = 1.060<ref>{{cite web|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.29.2019|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-29-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030202223/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-29-2019.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2019|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=October 30, 2019|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030202223/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-10-29-2019.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = It's Adam's birthday and the family is celebrating with a weekend trip to a Dude Ranch; the Busbys must make a difficult decision about the girls' schooling.
|LineColor = 73B504
}}}}
=== Oge nke 7 (2020) ===
{{Episode table|background=#11BBEE|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 51
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = My Busby Valentine
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|6|2}}
|Viewers = 1.092<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-2-2020.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603203231/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-2-2020.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 3, 2020|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.2.2020|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=June 3, 2020|website=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=June 26, 2020|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 3, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603203231/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-2-2020.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = As Valentine's Day approaches, Adam is torn over how to make his little girls feel special during the holiday. Danielle throws the family a surprise they will never forget, and the Busbys learn about fire safety with an unexpected twist.
|LineColor = 11BBEE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 52
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Snow-Cation
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|6|16}}
|Viewers = 1.306<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-16-2020.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618013206/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-16-2020.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 18, 2020|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.16.2020|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=June 17, 2020|website=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=June 26, 2020|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618013206/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-16-2020.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = It's a trip of firsts for the Quints as the family heads to Wyoming for a ski trip. As the Busbys prepare for Hazel's eye appointment, they fear the worst. Also, with a global crisis looming, Adam and Danielle wonder what waits for them at home.
|LineColor = 11BBEE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 53
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Coronavirus Changes Everything
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|6|23}}
|Viewers = 1.238<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-23-2020.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627101156/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-23-2020.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 27, 2020|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.23.2020|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=June 24, 2020|website=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=June 26, 2020|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=June 27, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627101156/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-23-2020.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = As the threat of coronavirus rises, the Busbys must deal with homeschooling their daughters and juggling birthday plans amidst the crisis. Hazel's appointment is coming up, but the Busbys aren't sure if it will happen and what the outcome will be.
|LineColor = 11BBEE
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 54
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Quints in Quarantine
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|6|30}}
|Viewers = 1.195<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-30-2020.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701201904/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-30-2020.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 1, 2020|title=Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.30.2020|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=July 1, 2020|website=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=August 16, 2020|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=July 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701201904/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-tuesday-cable-originals-network-finals-6-30-2020.html}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = As coronavirus takes hold, the Busbys must quarantine in their home. In this entirely self-shot episode, the family of eight celebrates birthdays and Easter, fights off cabin fever and tries to stay sane as they spend weeks on end cooped up together.
|LineColor = 11BBEE
}}}}
=== Oge nke 8 (2021) ===
{{Episode table|background=#771144|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 55
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Escape from Quarantine
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|2|23}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = Local quarantine restrictions are lifted, and the Busbys are ready to salvage the rest of their summer. Things take a turn for the worse when they discover a huge issue lurking in the kitchen walls. Parker faces an old fear, and Dale surprises the family.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 56
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Quints' Night Out
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|2}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = Blayke gets her big girl sleepover while the Quints invade Uncle Dale and Aunt Crystal's for the night. The kitchen renovation goes from bad to worse. The Busbys try to teach the girls to ride bikes. Hazel gets a surprise visit from her boyfriend, Graham.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 57
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Just When We Thought We Were Safe
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|9}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = Dale's positive COVID-19 test puts the whole family on edge. Back in quarantine with life on hold, the Busbys anxiously await their test results. Danielle learns the fate of the girls' upcoming school year.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 58
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Kindergarten Quints
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|16}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = As the Busbys' RV adventure continues, a storm threatens to ruin their fun. Hazel finally has her eye appointment, but the visit could mean bad news. With kindergarten looming, the Busbys face tough decisions that may upset the girls.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 59
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Too Scared to Sleep
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|23}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = With Halloween approaching, the Busbys scramble to make the holiday spook-tacular and safe in the pandemic. Riley's refusal to sleep in her room wreaks havoc. A hurricane threatens Lake Charles, forcing friends and family to evacuate.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 60
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Girl Fights and Big Heights
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|30}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = With the Quints fighting more than ever, the Busbys agree to join the Mills in San Antonio to shake things up. Meanwhile, Hazel is prescribed an unexpected treatment at her eye appointment, and Danielle faces her fear of heights.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 61
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Nacho-Typical Thanksgiving
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|4|6}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = As the Busbys get ready for a busy Thanksgiving, Danielle's health issues start to take center stage. Blayke must face her fears when she has to get two teeth pulled. The Quints get a crash course on the importance of being thankful.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 62
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Broken Heart for the Holidays
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|4|13}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = Danielle searches for answers to her health issues, but what she learns could impact the whole family. The Quints must face their fears when they visit Santa. The family wants to give back to its hometown after the town is destroyed by hurricanes.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 63
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Silent Night Holy Slime
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|4|20}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = As the Busbys celebrate Christmas, Danielle prepares for an invasive test to determine whether she needs heart surgery. Four of the Quints start ballet, the Busbys say goodbye to 2020 and Adam enlists the girls to make a surprise for Danielle.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 64
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Breaking the Piggy Bank
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|4|27}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = The Quints get cash-crazy after the Busbys start them on an allowance. When Blayke joins the basketball team, Adam goes overboard to get her to be more aggressive. As Danielle's medical mystery continues, Riley faces her own scary visit to the doctor.
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 65
|EpisodeNumber2 = 11
|Title = Busby Beach Babes
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|5|4}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary = The Busbys vacation in Florida as Danielle struggles with her health issues. Blayke's fear of the ocean impacts the Quints. Adam and the whole family plan a surprise wedding anniversary for Danielle. The Busbys brace for Hazel's next eye appointment.
|LineColor = 771144
}}}}
=== Oge nke 9 (2023) ===
{{Episode table|background=#E1BAB1|overall=5|season=5|title=40|airdate=20|country=US|viewers=10|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 66
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Adam and the Thanksgiving Disaster
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|11}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 67
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Riley and the Catwalk
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|18}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 68
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Ava and the First Dance
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|25}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 69
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Blayke and the Babysitting
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|1}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 70
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Hazel and the Sloth
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|8}}
|Viewers = 0.60<ref>{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-hard-knocks-training-camp-with-the-new-york-jets-premieres-on-hbo/|title=Tuesday Ratings: ''Hard Knocks: Training Camp with the New York Jets'' Premieres on HBO|work=Programming Insider|first=Douglas|last=Pucci|date=August 9, 2023|access-date=August 10, 2023|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 10, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810234956/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-hard-knocks-training-camp-with-the-new-york-jets-premieres-on-hbo/}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 71
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Danielle and the Bacon
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|15}}
|Viewers = 0.59<ref>{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-americas-got-talent-fueled-nbc-tops-all-key-figures-in-prime-time/|title=Tuesday Ratings: ''America's Got Talent''-Fueled NBC Tops All Key Figures in Prime Time|work=Programming Insider|author=Douglas Pucci|date=August 16, 2023|access-date=August 16, 2023|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=October 4, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004002002/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-americas-got-talent-fueled-nbc-tops-all-key-figures-in-prime-time/}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 72
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Parker and the Glamping
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|22}}
|Viewers = 0.61<ref>{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-americas-got-talent-once-again-helps-nbc-to-victory/|title=Tuesday Ratings: 'America's Got Talent' Once Again Helps NBC to Victory|work=Programming Insider|first=Douglas|last=Pucci|date=August 23, 2023|access-date=August 24, 2023|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=September 23, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923165309/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-americas-got-talent-once-again-helps-nbc-to-victory/}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 73
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Olivia and the Pink Limo
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|29}}
|Viewers = 0.68<ref>{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-nbc-on-top-with-americas-got-talent/|title=Tuesday Ratings: NBC on Top with ''America's Got Talent''|work=Programming Insider|author=Douglas Pucci|date=August 30, 2023|access-date=August 30, 2023|accessdate=February 13, 2024|archivedate=August 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830233608/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-nbc-on-top-with-americas-got-talent/}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}}}
== Ihe pụrụ iche ==
{{Episode table|background=#000000|season=5|seasonT=Featured<br>season|title=40|airdate=20|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Countdown to the New Season
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|7|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Life with Quints: Battle of the Busby Baby Photos
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|9|5}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Life with Quints: Mother's Day Getaway
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|9|12}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = FF69B4
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Quintessential Questions
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|7|30}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = FBB917
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Raising Quints 101
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|11|5}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 73B504
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Quint Talk
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|2|23}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Portrait of a Busby Girl, Pt. 1
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|2}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Portrait of a Busby Girl, Pt. 2
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|3|9}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = The Busby Awards Show
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|4|27}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = The Untold Stories
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|5|4}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 771144
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Busby Birthday Bash
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = E1BAB1
}}}}
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{IMDb title|tt6215600}}
{{TLC Programming|state=collapsed}}
q4o39n4h9rekgscctnsxi7funhglo19
Asụsụ Bamileke
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{{Databox}}
Nke '''Bamileke languages''' ({{lang-bai|Bamiléké}}) bụ otu asụsụ Eastern Grassfields ndị Bamileke na-asụ na Western High Plateau nke Cameroon..
Asụsụ, nke nwere ike ịbụ alaka abụọ nke Eastern Grassfields, bụ:
* Western Bamileke: [[Mengaka language|Mengaka]] (Məgaka), Ngombale, [[Ngomba language|Ngomba (Nguemba ma ọ bụ Ngemba)]] <ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/1UYTVWgiicY Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UYTVWgiicY|title=Langue Nguemba Ouest Cameroun Leçon 1|work=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=2024-02-26|archivedate=2021-11-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125142654/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UYTVWgiicY}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UYTVWgiicY|title=Langue Nguemba Ouest Cameroun Leçon 1|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/a4-7a6w2TPU Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4-7a6w2TPU|title=APPRENTISSAGE DE LA LANGUE NGUEMBA " langue parle à Bansoa"|work=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=2024-02-26|archivedate=2021-11-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125150248/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4-7a6w2TPU}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4-7a6w2TPU|title=APPRENTISSAGE DE LA LANGUE NGUEMBA " langue parle à Bansoa"|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>, "Bamboutos" dialect cluster nke [[Yemba language|Yɛmba]], Ngyɛmbɔɔŋ, Mmuock na [[Ngwe language|Ŋwe]]
* Eastern Bamileke: Feʼfeʼ, [[Ghomala' language|Ghɔmáláʼ]], [[Kwaʼ language|Kwaʼ]], Ndaʼndaʼ, Mədʉmba.
== Edensibia ==
bụ otu asụsụ Eastern Grassfields ndị Bamileke na-asụ na Western High Plateau nke Cameroon..{{Reflist}}{{Grassfields Bantu languages}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240226060418/http://www.bamileke.com/ Omenala Bamileke (n'asụsụ French)]
* [http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Bamileke PanAfriL10n peeji na Bamileke]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UYTVWgiicY/ Asụsụ Nguemba West Cameroon nkuzi 1 (n'asụsụ French)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4-7a6w2TPU/ Nkwupụta nke asụsụ NGUEMBA "asụsụ na-asụ na Bansoa" (n'asụsụ French)]
r3g58wlmvm4zmjct79hr2kz5l342f9p
Apolline Traoré
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{{Databox}}
{{Infobox person|image=Réalisatrice Apolline Traoré.jpg}}
'''Apolline Traoré''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1976) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na Burkinabé.
== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na 1976 na Ouagadougou . Ọrụ nna ya, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mba na mba, mere ka ọ gaa ụwa. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIjQwhuOhwC&q=Apolline+Traor%C3%A9+1976&pg=PA169|title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage|author=Brière|first=Jean-François|date=2008-01-01|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811142506|language=fr}}
[[Òtù:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]dị afọ iri na asaa, ezinụlọ ya kwagara na United States ma ọ malitere ọmụmụ ya na Emerson College na Boston, ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama na ngalaba nka na nkwurịta okwu.
N'afọ 2000, o duziri ọtụtụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, gụnyere The Price of Ignorance na 2000 (ihe gbasara onye e dinara n'ike na Boston) na '''''Kounandi''''' na 2003, nke a họọrọ maka 2004 Toronto International Film Festival. O mepụtara ihe nkiri nke ya, Sous la clarté de la lune, na 2004. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIjQwhuOhwC&q=Apolline+Traor%C3%A9+1976&pg=PA169|title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage|author=Brière|first=Jean-François|date=2008-01-01|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811142506|language=fr}}</ref>
<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://next.liberation.fr/cinema/2018/05/22/quatuor-complice-aux-frontieres_1651893|title=Quatuor complice aux "Frontières"|date=2018-05-22|work=Libération.fr|language=fr|accessdate=2019-03-02|archivedate=2020-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028205557/https://next.liberation.fr/cinema/2018/05/22/quatuor-complice-aux-frontieres_1651893}}</ref> laghachiri Burkina Faso na 2005 wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na [[Idrissa Ouédraogo]]. N'afọ 2008, ọ duziri usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn, Le testament . Ihe nkiri ndị mere <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/cinema/article/2018/05/23/frontieres-melodrame-et-libre-circulation-des-biens_5303043_3476.html|title=" Frontières " : mélodrame et libre circulation des biens|date=2018-05-23|accessdate=2019-03-02|language=fr}}</ref> a mara ya bụ Moi Zaphira (2013) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20130227-moi-zaphira-bravo-apolline-traore-fespaco-2013-burkina-faso|title="Moi Zaphira", Bravo Apolline Traoré ! - RFI|work=RFI Afrique|language=fr|accessdate=2019-03-02}}</ref> na Frontières (2018), ihe nkiri na-enye onyinye abụọ na Febụwarị 2017 na Fespaco, mmemme ihe nkiri nke Ouagadougou . <ref name=":1" />
N'afọ 2019, o nyere Desrances, ihe nkiri nke anọ ya, na Fespaco ma nata onyinye nke imewe kacha mma. Na mgbakwunye na Fespaco, ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ na mba ụwa. Na Disemba 2019, ihe nkiri ahụ ritere ihe nrite atọ na Kerala International Festival na India. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Palmarès – Académie des Sotigui|url=https://www.academiedessotigui.org/palmares/|accessdate=2022-05-15|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218214444/https://www.academiedessotigui.org/palmares/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sotigui Awards 2019 : L’acteur Jimmy Jean-Louis remporte le trophée d’or - leFaso.net|url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article93505|accessdate=2022-05-15|work=lefaso.net|language=fr}}</ref>'otu afọ ahụ (2019), e nyere ihe nkiri nke anọ a ihe nrite atọ na Sotigui Awards: Sotigui maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'Africa 2019 na Nemlin Jemima Naomi, Sotigui for Best Actor in African Cinema in the Diaspora na Sotigue d'or 2019 nke gara onye na-ese ihe nkiri Haiti Jimmy Jean-Louis.
Na [[Benin]], ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Grand Prix Buste d'or Paulin Soumanou Vieyra na 2019 na Rencontres cinématographiques et numériques de Cotonou (Recico). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Recico 2019 : ‘’Desrance’’ de Apolline Traoré s’offre le titre de ‘‘Buste d’or’’|url=http://news.acotonou.com/h/121281.html|accessdate=2022-05-15|work=acotonou.com}}</ref>
Apolline Traoré enwetala ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ maka mkpebi ya maka ọdịbendị na ọganihu ụmụ nwanyị. Karịsịa, ọ natara ihe nrite maka ọgụ ụmụ nwanyị na sinima n'oge Luxor African Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|title=OuiCoprod|url=https://ouicoprod.org/talent/?id=69|accessdate=2022-05-15|work=ouicoprod.org|archivedate=2022-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308031236/https://ouicoprod.org/talent/?id=69}}</ref>'afọ 2019, e mere ya Chevalier de l'Ordre du Mérite, des Arts, des Lettres et de la Communication na 2020, e debere ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya National Museum of [[Burkina Faso]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-06|title=La réalisatrice Apolline Traoré faite ambassadrice du Musée national du Burkina|url=https://burkina24.com/2020/02/06/la-realisatrice-apolline-traore-faite-ambassadrice-du-musee-national-du-burkina/|accessdate=2022-05-15|work=Burkina24.com - L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
== Ihe nkiri ==
* Nkwụsị (2019)
* Ógbè ndị ahụ (2017)
* ''Mụ onwe m Zaphira'' (2013)
* Ihe onwunwe (2008)
* ''N'okpuru ìhè ọnwa'' (2004)
* ''Kounandi'' (2003)
* ''Monia na Rama'' (2002)
* Ọnụahịa nke Enweghị Ihe Ọmụma (2000)
* ''Sira'' (2023)
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{IMDb name|1033205}}
ụmụ nwanyị. Karịsịa, ọ natara ihe nrite maka ọgụ ụmụ nwanyị na sinima n'oge Luxor African natara ihe nrite maka ọgụ nrite maka ọgụ ụm ihe nrite maka ọgụ nrite maka ọgụ ụm{{authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
bjfh004eti8h1ntsc3xem5fyys0nuhk
Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Franciscan (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)
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{{Infobox school|name=Franciscan High School|former_name=Cristo Rey Franciscan High School|logo=|image=|alt=|caption=|motto=|streetaddress=|city=[[Baton Rouge]]|state=[[Louisiana]]|zipcode=|coordinates={{Coord|30|29|50|N|91|8|58|W|type:edu_region:US-LA|display=inline,title}}|type=[[Franciscan]], [[Catholic church|Catholic]]|denomination=[[Roman Catholic]]|established=2016|closed={{End date|2023|06|2|df=yes}}|status=Closed|enrollment=174<ref name=NCES>{{cite web|title=CRISTO REY BATON ROUGE FRANCISCAN HIGH SCHOOL|url=https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/privateschoolsearch/school_detail.asp?&Search=1&ID=A1902141|website=Private School Universe Survey|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|access-date=30 June 2023|accessdate=4 April 2024|archivedate=12 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212132329/https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/privateschoolsearch/school_detail.asp?&Search=1&ID=A1902141}}</ref>|teaching_staff=13,8 {{FTE}}<ref name=NCES/>|enrollment_as_of=2019–20|ratio=12.6 <ref name=NCES/>|grades=[[Ninth grade|9]]–[[Twelfth grade|12]]|gender=[[Coeducational]]|athletics=|mascot=Wolves|accreditation=|national_ranking=|publication=|newspaper=|yearbook=|affiliations=<!-- Localización -->|website=http://www.franciscanhigh.org|picture=}}{{Databox}}'''Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Franciscan''', Baton Rouge, Louisiana, mepere na August 2016, dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Cristo Rey Franciscan na akụkụ nke Cristo Rey Network . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.brproud.com/news/local-news/cristo-rey-baton-rouge-franciscan-high-school-officially-opens/527247646|title=Cristo Rey Baton Rouge Franciscan High School Officially Opens|author=LAKANA|date=2016-08-08|work=BRPROUD|accessdate=2017-02-13|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Julaị 2022, a bịara mara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka Franciscan High School, na-arụ ọrụ site na nkwado nke Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady na n'ime Diocese nke Baton Rouge. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mechiri na June 2, 2023.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ndị Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ a wee malite klaasị na Ọgọst 8, 2016 n'ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mbụ Redemptorist dị na North Baton Rouge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fmolhs.org/Pages/About-FMOLHS/History.aspx|title=History - Baton Rouge, (LA) - Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady Health System|work=Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady Health System|language=en-us|accessdate=2017-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102843/https://fmolhs.org/Pages/About-FMOLHS/History.aspx|archivedate=2017-02-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fmolhs.org/Documents/The%20Franciscan%20Missionaries%20Of%20Our%20Lady%20Health%20System%20-%20%20A%20Brief%20History.pdf|title=History of FMOL|accessdate=13 February 2017}}</ref> Na Ọgọst 12–13, 2016, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ furu efu na nnukwu Iju mmiri nke Baton Rouge. <ref>{{Cite web|author=LUSSIER|first=CHARLES|title=Devastation, close calls fuel resolve to reopen flooded Baton Rouge-area schools|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/education/article_713e3388-640c-11e6-95e2-33eae17c561f.html|accessdate=2022-07-06|work=The Advocate|language=en}}</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwagara na Bon Carre Technology Park maka afọ akwụkwọ 2016-2017 fọdụrụnụ na mmalite nke afọ akwụkwọ 2017-2018. Na February 2018, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ laghachiri n'ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ ya na St. Gerard Avenue na ụlọ modular. <ref>{{Cite web|author=LUSSIER|first=CHARLES|title=Cristo Rey High School plans to return home to temporary buildings after school destroyed in flood|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/education/article_2214c07a-bdba-11e7-a689-bb5180b0bc29.html|accessdate=2022-07-06|work=The Advocate|language=en}}</ref>
Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-agbakwụnye ọkwa ọkwa kwa afọ ruo mgbe klas mbụ ya gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Klas nke 2020, natara diplọma ha n'aka Cristo Rey Baton Rouge na Mee 23, 2020. Klas nke mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ gụnyere ndị agadi 41.
N'ọnwa Julaị 2022, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bepụrụ njikọ ya na Cristo Rey, na-arụ ọrụ site na nkwado nke Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady na n'ime Diocese nke Baton Rouge, ma kpọgharịrị aha ya na Franciscan High School. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-01|title=Local Catholic school cuts ties with national network|url=https://www.brproud.com/news/local-news/local-catholic-school-cuts-ties-with-national-network/|accessdate=2022-07-05|work=BRProud.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705084447/https://www.brproud.com/news/local-news/local-catholic-school-cuts-ties-with-national-network/}}</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mechiri na June 2, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Franciscan High School|url=https://www.franciscanhigh.org/|publisher=Franciscan High School|accessdate=30 June 2023|archivedate=30 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630033117/https://www.franciscanhigh.org/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Shelley|first=Jonathan|title=Franciscan High School closing its doors at end of school year|url=https://www.wbrz.com/news/franciscan-high-school-closing-its-doors-at-end-of-school-year/|accessdate=30 June 2023|publisher=WBRZ|date=May 9, 2023}}</ref>
== Mmemme Ọmụmụ Ọrụ Ụlọọrụ ==
Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Franciscan jiri usoro mmemme mmụta ụlọọrụ pụrụ iche nke onye otu ụlọ ọrụ were were were ụmụ akwụkwọ niile nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ otu ụbọchị kwa izu na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ha na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere aka nweta akụkụ nke nkuzi ha. Dịka nke 2022, mmemme ahụ nwere ihe karịrị ndị mmekọ mpaghara 40.
== Egwuregwu ==
Cristo Rey Baton Rouge Franciscan High egwuregwu asọmpi na LHSAA .
== Edensibia ==
ụlọọrụ pụrụ iche nke onye otu ụlọ ọrụ were were were ụmụ Dịka nke 2022, mmemme ahụ nwere ihe karịrị nke{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://www.cristoreynetwork.org/ Cristo Rey Network]
dyynxc3mt7tqxsk3ivirhpwtfkjhxr0
Ụlọ Ọgwụ nke St Mary Magdalene, Glastonbury
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[[Usòrò:Garden at the Almshouses (geograph 3728779).jpg|thumb|Garden At the Almshouse ]]
<ref name="nhlesched">{{Cite web|title=Part of the Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Magdalene Street|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1020789|work=National Heritage List for England|publisher=Historic England|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref>Hospitallọ ọgwụ St Mary Magdalene bụbu ọnụnọ nke na Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Ndị mọnk Benedictine nke Glastonbury Abbey wuru gburugburu 1310. Ndị ọgwụ ahụ bụ ụlọ ọkwa ọkwa II * ụfọdụ, [1] na otu ihe ka ahaziri dịka ihe mbụ oge ochie.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapel|url=http://stmargaretschapel.org.uk/chapel/|publisher=St Margaret's Chapel and Royal Magdalene Almhouses|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref>Ewebere ụlọ ahụ tupu 1322, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ebere maka ndị ikom iri, nwere ụlọ ụka. akpa ụfọdụ nke ụlọ ụka mbụ ka dị ndụ. E ụlọ nke a n'otu oge n'otu ọnụ ụlọ nke a kwaturu mgbe Ebisasịsịrị Ebe obibi ndị mọnk . Ndị agha ndị ọzọ dị n'oge ochie, [1] na e wuru ya na 1444
Ụlọ ọgwụ gara aga nke Glastonbury Abbey kwadoro kwagara na saịtị dị ugbu a na 1250 na na 1460 raara onwe ya nye Mary Magdalene onye nlekọta ndị ekpenta.[1][2] Na narị afọ nke 16, a na-ewere ya dị ka abụ abụ na nkwado ego maka ụmụnna na onye ụkọchukwu nke abbey na-enye ruo mgbe mgbasa. Mgbe ego a gasịrị, onye okpueze na onye na-echekwa ego nke ụlọ ọgwụ nyere ego a<ref name="bho">{{Cite web|author=Siraut|first=M.C.|title=Glastonbury: Town Pages 16-43 A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 9, Glastonbury and Street|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/som/vol9/pp16-43|work=British History Online|publisher=Victoria County History|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref>
E wepụrụ elu ụlọ ahụ ma mee ka ọnụ ụlọ ndị dị n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla ghọọ ebe obibi, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụlọ, na-eduga n'ụlọ ekpere ahụ. <ref name="nhlesched"/> Na mmalite narị afọ nke 17, a kọwara ụlọ ọrụ alms dị ka "ihe na-emebi emebi" na ka ọ na-erule 1703 ụlọ ụka ahụ efuola ụlọ ya. <ref name="bho"/>
Na narị afọ nke 19 ntughari na imelite belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebe obibi ma nye ụlọ ịsa ahụ ọnụ. <ref name="nhlesched"/> Ebibiri akụkụ ndịda nke ahịrị ndị ahụ na 1960s yana ogige ọha na eze maka ndị agadi wuru na saịtị ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=St Margaret's Chapel and Royal Magdalene Almshouses|url=https://www.unitythroughdiversity.org/st-margarets-chapel-and-almshouses.html|publisher=Pilgrim Reception in Glastonbury|accessdate=1 January 2018|archivedate=1 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101194628/https://www.unitythroughdiversity.org/st-margarets-chapel-and-almshouses.html}}</ref> <ref name="bho"/> <ref name="swht">{{Cite web|title=23575: Hospital of St Mary, Chapel and Men's Almshouses, Magdalene Street, Glastonbury|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/23575|publisher=South West Heritage Trust|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref> E wughachila otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ebere ma ghe oghe maka ọha. <ref name="almhouses">{{Cite web|title=Almshouses|url=http://stmargaretschapel.org.uk/almshouses/|publisher=St Margaret's Chapel and Royal Magdalene Almshouses|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref>
== Nrụpụta ihe owuwu ==
Ndị ụka nkume bụ otu ọnụ ụlọ. Akpọchiela windo lancet mbụ. N'elu ụlọ bụ obere mgbịrịgba nke dị nso njikọ nke ụlọ ahụ. [1] O nwere oghere maka mgbịrịgba abụọ nke otu n'ime ha ka dị. [2] Selụ ndị ahụ nwere okpukpu abụọ ma nwee ike elu ụlọ slate<ref name="nhle">{{Cite web|title=Almshouses and Chapel of St Mary Magdalene's Hospital|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1057909|work=National Heritage List for England|publisher=Historic England|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref>
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Aha]]
qub2fj451iett122cv20dlc3pshmt0v
Ayman Lotfy
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{| class="infobox biography vcard"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Ayman Lotfy</div>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya
| class="infobox-data" |<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1968-08-30</span>) </span>August 30, 1968 (afọ 55) <br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Cairo, [[Egypt|Ijipt]]</div>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba
| class="infobox-data category" |[[Egyptians|Ndị Ijipt]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A maara ya maka
| class="infobox-data" |[[Fine-art photography|Foto mara mma]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.allotfy.com www.allotfy.com]</span>
|}
'''Ayman Lotfy''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1968) bụ onye Ijipt na-ese foto.
== Mmalite mbụ ==
A mụrụ Lotfy na Cairo, Egypt. Na 1991, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba nka na Mahadum Ain Shams. Lotfy malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye mmebe ejiji wee bụrụ onye ntụzi nka ọkachamara na 1996. Na 1998, Lotfy malitere ịse foto na ebumnuche ịkwalite ọrụ ya dị ka onye nrụpụta nka.
== Ọrụ na ọkwa ==
Lotfy abụwo onye nduzi mpaghara Middle East nke Photographic Society of America (RDPSA) kemgbe afọ 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2010 Leader: Ayman Lotfy|url=http://psa-newmember.org/psa-regions/regions/reg31.html|publisher=[[Photographic Society of America]]|accessdate=25 March 2011|archivedate=25 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825060829/http://psa-newmember.org/psa-regions/regions/reg31.html}}</ref> Ọ nwetara Fine Art Photography Associateship nke The Malta Institute of Professional Photography (AMIPP) na 2010, wee nweta Fellowship ya na Fine Art Photograph na 2014 (FMIPP), Associateship of the Society of Wedding & Portrait Photographers na 2010, na Egyptian Association for Photography . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayman Lotfy (AMIPP (Fine Art), RDPS)|url=http://www.mipp-malta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=123:ayman-lotfy&catid=39:qualified&Itemid=68|publisher=The Malta Institute of Professional Photography|accessdate=25 March 2011|archivedate=3 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003190554/http://www.mipp-malta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=123:ayman-lotfy&catid=39:qualified&Itemid=68}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayman Lotfy Mahmoud|url=http://www.fineart.gov.eg/eng/cv/cv.asp?IDS=3763|publisher=FineArt Sector|accessdate=25 March 2011|archivedate=5 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005214830/http://www.fineart.gov.eg/eng/cv/cv.asp?IDS=3763}}</ref>
Ọ bụ onye Honorary Fellow ICS-HON.F.ICS nke The Image Colleague Society, International, USA.
== Ụdị nka ==
Lotfy na-agwakọta ngwaọrụ dị iche iche nke nhazi, eserese, na ọkụ iji mepụta foto na vidiyo dị mma. Ọ na-eji usoro teknụzụ na foto dijitalụ na nhọrọ nzacha. Lotfy na-ejikọkwa foto na vidiyo na nnukwu ntinye atọ dịka n'ọrụ ya The search for salvation, nke egosiri na La Biennale di Venezia na 2010, <ref>{{Cite web|title=2010 Venice Biennale architecture: national participations (part 2)|url=http://oddtag.com/2010/05/21/2010-venice-biennale-architecture-national-participations-part-2/|publisher=The odd tag|accessdate=25 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113075847/http://oddtag.com/2010/05/21/2010-venice-biennale-architecture-national-participations-part-2/|archivedate=13 November 2010}}</ref> na The Game at the Why not? ''Gịnị mere na ọ bụghị? Ihe ngosi'' na The Palace of Arts-Opera House-Cairo na 2009.
== Onyinye ==
* 2008: Grand Photography Master Award na [[China]] Jinan Contemporary International Photography Biennale, China<ref>{{Cite web|title=Second International University Students Photography Art Exhibition|url=http://en.showchina.org/Features/jinanInternational/index.htm|publisher=2008 China Jinan Contemporary International Photography Biennial|accessdate=25 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728115145/http://en.showchina.org/Features/jinanInternational/index.htm|archivedate=28 July 2011}}</ref>
* 2010: Qilo International Photography Award na China Jinan Contemporary International Photography Biennale, China <ref>{{Cite web|title=济南双年展介绍|url=http://www.showchina.org/zt/bdsxwcp_1/index.htm|publisher=Show China 看中国-2008济南国际双年展-|accessdate=25 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003161612/http://www.showchina.org/zt/bdsxwcp_1/index.htm|archivedate=3 October 2011}}</ref>
* 2010: Gold Medal of Excellence na Experimental Photography Trierenberg Super Circuit na Austria <ref>{{Cite web|title=Results 2010|url=http://www.supercircuit.at/results2010.cfm|publisher=Trierenberg Super Circuit|accessdate=25 March 2011}}</ref>
* 2010: 12th Cairo International Biennale na Egypt <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayman Lotfy|url=http://www.cairobiennale.gov.eg/12/Egyptian%20Photography/ayman.htm|publisher=12th International Cairo Biennale|accessdate=25 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911141935/http://www.cairobiennale.gov.eg/12/Egyptian%20Photography/ayman.htm|archivedate=11 September 2011}}</ref>
== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Adam Broomberg
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[[Usòrò:Adam Broomberg, Photographer.png|thumb|Adam Broomberg, Photographer.|304x304px]]
Adam Broomberg (amuru Nọvemba 11, 1970) bu onye omenka South-Africa, onye nkuzi nka na onye na-eme ihe ike ugbu a na Berlin, Germany . Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye nhazi nke NGO Artists + Allies x Hebron n' maida onye na-akwado Palestine Issa Amro . [1] Ụgbụ Broomberg na- kpàkpa aka nke tre, ike, na nnochite anya nke eziokwu n'ime ọha mmadụ nke oge a. N'agbanyeghị ọrụ ya nke ọma, ọ ori na-agba mbọ ịma aka ike dị ugbu a na iji nkà eme ihe dị ka ụzọ isi kwalite mgbanwe mmadụ. Ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ma kpasuo ndị na-ekiri ya, na-akpọ ha òkù ka ha okpukpe ụwa gbara ha gburugburu ma chee eziokwu na-adịghị mma.</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' ]</sup>
== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">O tolitere na mpaghara ndị agha n'oge oge Apartheid, nke nwere ike dị ukwuu n'ihe nka ya mechara. N obodo Broomberg n'ime obodo kewapụrụ mere ka ọ mara maka akara ahaghị n'etiti nsogbu na ma kpalie ike ya ịma aka ndị bụ isi site n'ahụ ya. </link> [ ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' ]</sup>
Na 1998, Broomberg nzere nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Fine Art na Mahadum Cape Town . O mechara ịchụso Master of Fine Arts na Goldsmiths, Mahadum London, [1] ebe ọ zutere Oliver Chanarin, nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya ga-abụ onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ mgbe niile.
== Ọrụ nkuzi na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Broomberg na-akụzi ma jidekwa ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche.
Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke foto na Hochschule für bildende Künste (HFBK) na Hamburg, Germany, site na 2015 ruo 2021. <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Door|first=Lukas|date=2021-06-04|title=Kunsthochschule trennt sich von Dozenten: Kunst als Kampfplatz|language=de|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|url=https://taz.de/!5772009/|accessdate=2023-07-28}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu ngalaba na Photography & Society na Royal Academy of Art (KABK na Hague (usoro ọ rụpụtara). Nkwenye nke Broomberg n'ịgụ akwụkwọ gafere klaasị, ebe ọ na-edukarị nkuzi na nkuzi na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' ]</sup>
== Mmekọrịta ya na Oliver Chanarin ==
Na Nwanyị 2000s ọ ihe ngosi okike ya na onye omenkà ibe ya Oliver Chanarin ( eje na London, 1971). [1] Enyere abụọ ihe nrite Deutsche Börse Photography maka akara ha bụ War Primer 2 . [2] A na-eme emume ọrụ ha n'ihi ike isi isi ya, nka nka, na ike ike emetụta ụka bara uru. [3] Ọtụtụ ihe ngosi, ọrụ na-esitela na edemede a ruo mgbe ha kewara azụ azụ na Barcelona : <ref>{{Cite web|author=O'Toole|first=Sean|title=An obituary, of sorts, for the 'death' of artist duo Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin - 1854 Photography|url=https://www.1854.photography/2021/02/an-obituary-of-sorts-for-the-end-of-artist-duo-broomberg-chanarin/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=British Journal of Photography|language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Ihe ngosi ===
==== 2021 ====
* ''The Late Estate Broomberg & Chanarin'', Fabra i Coats Center D'Art Contemporani, Barcelona, Spain <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=Spring Is Here: Brilliant Things To Do This March|url=https://www.anothermag.com/design-living/13138/brilliant-things-to-do-this-march|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=AnOther|language=en}}</ref>
==== 2019 ====
* ''Ahụhụ sitere na Wit'', Ụlọ ihe nkiri Synthesis, Berlin, Germany <ref>{{Cite web|title=Woe From Wit - Exhibition at synthesis gallery in Berlin|url=https://www.artrabbit.com/events/woe-from-wit|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=ArtRabbit|language=en}}</ref>
==== 2018 ====
* ''Broomberg & Chanarin: Ime ihe ike Chineke'', Center Georges Pompidou, Paris, France <ref>{{Cite web|title=Photography Exhibition - Broomberg & Chanarin. Divine violence|url=https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/event/broomberg-chanarin-divine-violence/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=The Eye of Photography Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Ọdịnihu fig'', izu 3 / Broomberg & Chanarin, Kettles Yard, Cambridge, UK <ref>{{Cite web|title=fig-futures, WEEK 3 / BROOMBERG & CHANARIN, 25 – 29 September 2018|url=https://www.kettlesyard.co.uk/fig-futures-week-3/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Kettle's Yard|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728143840/https://www.kettlesyard.co.uk/fig-futures-week-3/}}</ref>
* Bande mma, ọ bụghị ọnya, Nogueras Blanchard Gallery, Madrid, Spain <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nogueras Blanchard|url=https://www.noguerasblanchard.com/en/exhibitions/bandage-the-knife-not-the-wound|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Nogueras Blanchard|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Kechie mma ahụ, ọ bụghị ọnya, Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=No Heroes Outside: Broomberg & Chanarin's 'Bandage the knife not the wound'|url=https://artthrob.co.za/2018/05/15/no-heroes-outside-broomberg-chanarins-bandage-the-knife-not-the-wound/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=ArtThrob|language=en-US}}</ref>
==== 2017 ====
* ''Ọ bụghị maka mbipụta na ọrịre na Iran'' n, Ag Galerie, Tehran, Iran <ref>{{Cite web|title=Single Exhibition – Broomberg & Chanarin – Not for Publication and Sale in Iran – Ag Galerie|url=https://www.aggalerie.com/single-exhibition-%e2%80%8cbroomberg-chanarin-not-for-publication-and-sale-in-iran/|accessdate=2023-07-28|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728143841/https://www.aggalerie.com/single-exhibition-%E2%80%8Cbroomberg-chanarin-not-for-publication-and-sale-in-iran/}}</ref>
* ''The Bureaucracy of Angels'' (commission), Kings Cross St. Pancras, Art na Underground – TFL, London, UK <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bureaucracy of Angels|url=https://art.tfl.gov.uk/projects/the-bureaucracy-of-angels/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Art on the Underground|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Chọpụta ihe akaebe'', Lisson Gallery, Milan, Italy <ref>{{Cite web|title=Broomberg & Chanarin: Trace Evidence {{!}} Exhibitions|url=https://www.lissongallery.com/exhibitions/broomberg-chanarin-trace-evidence|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Lisson Gallery|language=en}}</ref>
==== 2016 ====
* ''Ejila ezigbo ihe ochie ebido mana ndị ọhụrụ ọjọọ'', C/O Berlin, Berlin, Germany <ref>{{Cite web|author=Christoph|date=2016-10-03|title=Don't Start With The Good Old Things But The Bad New Ones|url=https://anothersomething.org/bad-new-ones/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Another Something|language=en}}</ref>
==== 2015 ====
* ''Uzuzu ọ bụla dị n'ihe ndina Freuds'', Freud Museum, London <ref>{{Cite web|title=Broomberg & Chanarin - Every Piece of Dust on Freud's Couch|url=https://www.freud.org.uk/exhibitions/every-piece-of-dust-on-freuds-couch/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Freud Museum London|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* ''Rudiments,'' Lisson Gallery, London, UK <ref>{{Cite web|title=Broomberg & Chanarin: Rudiments {{!}} Exhibitions|url=https://www.lissongallery.com/exhibitions/broomberg-chanarin|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Lisson Gallery|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Ndị nọ na nsogbu ịchị ọchị kwagara n'ala'', Belfast Exposed, Belfast, UK <ref>{{Cite web|title=People in Trouble Laughing Pushed to the Ground|url=https://www.belfastexposed.org/exhibitions/people-in-trouble-laughing-pushed-to-the-ground/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Belfast Exposed|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* ''Iji see foto nkọwa nke ịnyịnya gbara ọchịchịrị na obere ọkụ'', Foam Fotografiemuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-19|title=To Photograph the Details of a Dark Horse in Low Light|url=https://aperture.org/editorial/adam-broomberg-oliver-chanarin-to-photograph-the-details-of-a-dark-horse-in-low-light/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=Aperture|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Ime ihe ike dị nsọ'', Goodman Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin: Divine Violence at Goodman Gallery|url=https://www.galleriesnow.net/shows/adam-broomberg-oliver-chanarin-divine-violence/|accessdate=2023-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Mbipụta ===
==== 2015 ====
* ''Ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ'' (monograph), Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin, Tate Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-849763-67-7|978-1-849763-67-7]]
* ''Mmụọ bụ ọkpụkpụ'' (monograph), Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin, MACK, London, UK. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-910164-18-1|978-1-910164-18-1]] .
=== Ime ihe ===
==== Polaroid na apartheid + Kodak na agbụrụ ====
N'afọ 2013, ya na Oliver Chanarin " nọrọ otu ọnwa na South Africa" iji mee ka ọdịiche akpụkpọ ahụ dị na foto foto n'oge Apartheid pụta ìhè mgbe ha na-ese foto "na ihe nkiri ochie nke ọtụtụ iri afọ nke e mebere na naanị ihu ọcha. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=David|date=2013-01-25|title='Racism' of early colour photography explored in art exhibition|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/jan/25/racism-colour-photography-exhibition|accessdate=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ha ji mee ihe. Igwefoto vintage ID-2 nke Polaroid, nke nwere bọtịnụ "ebuli elu" iji mee ka ọkụ dịkwuo elu - na-enye ya ohere iji see foto ndị ojii maka akwụkwọ ikike ama ama, ma ọ bụ "dompas", nke nyere steeti ahụ aka ịchịkwa mmegharị ha.
==== Mmụọ bụ Ọkpụkpụ ====
Ọrụ ọzọ na Oliver Chanarin bụ ''Mmụọ bụ Ọkpụkpụ'' nke ha na-agbalị imeri ihe ize ndụ nke njirimara ihu (dịka na Russia) nke na-akọwa otú ihu ihu ndị a na-ese foto adịghị egosi kọntaktị ọ bụla n'etiti ihe na onye na-ese foto na, na-ebelata ọrụ ha, si otú ahụ ghọọ. "[...] dijitalụ nhata ihe nkpuchi ọnwụ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spirit is a Bone|url=https://photomonitor.co.uk/book/spirit-is-a-bone/|accessdate=2023-07-23|work=Photomonitor|language=en-GB}}</ref>
==== Nwa Oyi N'èzí ====
Na 2016 obere tupu Brexit referendum ya na Oliver Chanarin haziri ma na-ere ethically mere t-shirts na-ebu okwu "Baby It's Cold Outside" [1] referencing the 1940s eponymous song Christmas to protest megide a ekwe omume ịpụ na EU . " Ezin m gbanarị Europe tupu oke ahụ, m tolitere n'Afrika, na-echetara m ịbụ onye na-ese ihe na Ịtali, ebiwokwa m England afọ 20. Ọ na-adị m ka m nọ n'ahụ n'ụwa. "Broomberg kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ Dazed Digital . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-06|title=The t-shirts and people supporting #VoteRemain this summer|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/31408/1/the-t-shirts-and-people-supporting-voteremain-this-summer|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=Dazed|language=en}}</ref>
== Ọrụ solo na ihe ngosi ahọpụtara ==
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ọrụ ya, Broomberg arụ ọrụ ma njikọ na mba ụwa. Foto ya na- akpali akpali nke chiri anya na adịghị ike, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ume ka ha chee eziokwu na-adịghị mma ma na-ajụ ajụjụ ndị a akwụkwọ. <nowiki></link></nowiki>Emere ihe ] [ ngo ya na veranda na ụlọ ọrụ n'ụwa niile, kpọọ Tate Modern na London, Center Pompidou na Paris na Stedelijk Museum na Amsterdam . Ụbọchị ya nchịkọta na nchịkọta nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) na New York, Victoria na Albert Museum na London, na Art Institute of Chicago . Edepụtara n'okpuru bụ ndị kacha ọhụrụ: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adam Broomberg, artist|url=https://www.signsandsymbols.art/artists/adam-broomberg|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=signs and symbols|language=en-US}}</ref>
* (2022) Adam Broomberg " ''na-egbuke egbuke na ọnya m'' " @ akara na akara, New York, USA <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adam Broomberg, with CAConrad and Gersande Spelsberg: Glitter in My wounds, an exhibition at signs and symbols|url=https://www.signsandsymbols.art/exhibitions/glitter-in-my-wounds|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=signs and symbols|language=en-US}}</ref>
* (2021) ''Matthew Krouse'', Kunsthallo, London, UK <ref>{{Cite web|title=The new exhibition by Adam Broomberg at kunsthallo London – OpenCall Magazine|url=https://opencallmag.com/the-new-exhibition-by-adam-broomberg-at-kunsthallo-london/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=opencallmag.com}}</ref>
* (2020) ''Bureaucracy of Angels'' (online), akara na akara, New York, USA <ref>{{Cite web|title=Broomberg & Chanarin: The Bureaucracy of Angels, an online video exhibition|url=https://www.signsandsymbols.art/exhibitions/bureaucracy-of-angels|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=signs and symbols|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahọpụtara ==
=== 2023 ===
* ''Vitamin C'' + '': Collage in Contemporary Art'' (akwụkwọ), nke Rebecca Morrill deziri, Phaidon Press: London & New York ISBN 978-1-838665-57-9
* Rubin, Birgitta, " ''Fantasieggande vårprogram på Magasin III'' " (atụmatụ mmiri dị na Magasin III), Dagens Nyheter, Maachị 1
=== 2022 ===
* Ruka, Elīna, " ''Ụwa (nkà) nke Adam Broomberg'' ," Magazin FK, Ọktoba 6
* Phearse, Terrence, " ''Adam Broomberg: Rare and Bare'' ", Musée Magazine, mbipụta Nke 27, June 2022 akara na akara | New York, New York | www.signsandsymbols.art
* Sanchez, Gabriel H., " ''Akpa igwefoto: nnukwu foto ị ga-ahụ ugbu a'' ", PhotoSpark, Jenụwarị 25
* ''Nwute na ọnya m'', akara na akara, New York, New York ISBN 978-1-913620-36-3
* Capone, Emily, ” ''Nlele Ngosipụta: Adam Broomberg ya na CAConrad na Gersande Spelsberg'' ” Magazin Musée, Jenụwarị 12
=== 2021 ===
* ''Glitter na ọnya m (monograph)'', Adam Broomberg + CAConrad + Gersande Spelsberg, MACK, London, UK. ISBN 978-1-913620-36-3
=== 2017 ===
* ''Benjamin und Brecht: Iche echiche na Extremes'' (katalọgụ), Akademie der Künste
* ''Co-Art: Ndị na-ese ihe na mmekorita okike'' (akwụkwọ), Ellen Mara De Wachter, Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-714872-88-9
* ''Das Gesicht: Bilder, Medien, Usoro'' (katalọgụ), Deutsche Hygiene-Museum, Dresden
* ''Na / Agha a na-ahụ anya: Omenala Agha na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na mbụ America'' (akwụkwọ), Mahadum Mahadum Rutgers
* ''Foto na imekọ ihe ọnụ: Site na nka echiche rue igwe mmadụ'' (akwụkwọ), Daniel Palmer, Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350008-31-1
* ''Yokohama Triennale: Islands'' (katalọgụ), Constellations & Galapagos
=== 2016 ===
* ''Emanations: Art of the Cameraless Photograph'' (akwụkwọ), Geoffrey Batchen, Govett-Brewster Art Gallery na DelMonico Akwụkwọ - Prestel. ISBN 978-3-791355-04-7
* ''Il ya de l'autre'' (katalọgụ), Julie Jones na Agnés Geoffrey, RM/JUMEX
* ''Elere: Onyunyo, Nkà na Foto'' (katalọgụ), mbipụta nke Cornerhouse
=== 2015 ===
* ''Art & Religion na 21st Century'' (akwụkwọ), Aaron Rosen, Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500293-03-4
* ''Art in the Age of...'' (katalọgụ), Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
* ''AKWỤKWỌ: Akwụkwọ Banyere Magazin Banyere Ụwa Ndị Ọzọ'' (akwụkwọ), Damiani / Fabrica. ISBN 978-8-862084-24-6
* ''Echiche dị na Ebe: Theory and Practice in Landscape Photography'' (akwụkwọ), JAP Alexander, Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-472533-89-0
* ''Rudiments'' (katalọgụ), Center for Contemporary Art Ujazdowski Castle
== Ihe nrite na nnabata ==
N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Broomberg enwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu maka ntinye aka ya na ngalaba nka nke oge a.
=== 2018 ===
* ''Ihe nrite Akwụkwọ Ederede Foto'' na Ememme Foto Arles, Arles, France (ọnụ w. Chanarin) <ref>{{Cite web|title=HFBK: 2018/07/16: Photo Text Book Award für Broomberg & Chanarin|url=https://hfbk-hamburg.de/de/aktuelles/auszeichnungen/20180716-photo-text-book-award-f%C3%BCr-broomberg-chanarin/|accessdate=2023-09-25|work=hfbk-hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref>
=== 2014 ===
* ''Infinity Award'', International Center of Photography, New York, New York (n'ọnụ w. Chanarin) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-16|title=Past Recipients|url=https://www.icp.org/infinity-awards/past-recipients|accessdate=2023-09-25|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|archivedate=2015-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331061355/https://www.icp.org/infinity-awards/past-recipients}}</ref>
=== 2013 ===
* ''Deutsche Börse Photography Prize'', The Photographers Gallery, London, UK (otu w. Chanarin) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-10|title=DB 2013 Winner|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702131802/http://thephotographersgallery.org.uk/deutsche-b-rse-photography-prize-2013-3|archiveurl=https://thephotographersgallery.org.uk/deutsche-b-rse-photography-prize-2013-3|archivedate=2015-07-02|accessdate=2023-09-25|work=The Photographers' Gallery}}</ref>
=== 2004 ===
* ''Vic Odden Award'', Royal Photographic Society, Bath, UK (ọnụ w. Chanarin) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-25|title=Vic Odden Award - RPS|url=https://rps.org/awards/history-and-recipients/vic-odden-award|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615015801/https://rps.org/awards/history-and-recipients/vic-odden-award|archivedate=2015-06-15|accessdate=2023-09-25}}</ref>
== Ime ihe ==
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ tọrọ ntọala otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a na-akpọ "Linx" na South Africa n'akụkụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na-eto eto dị ka Yaёl Farber iji mee ka ndị ọcha South Africa na-eto eto mara banyere Apartheid.
=== Gbanyụọ mgbanwe anyị ===
Mgbe otu afụ ahụ, o mere akara akara nka (ọkachasị Miami Basel) na-eme "azụmahịa dị ka ọ dị na mbụ" mgbe mmeri mmeri aka nke Donald Trump nchebe. Iji "na-acha olu nke fasizim nke oge a", Broomberg kere Hands Off our Revolution, [1] ọrụ nka na-emekọ ihe na webụ ndị agha ndị nka, ndị na-eche echiche na ndụ. "Ndị ikike ejiriwo nke iwu iwu," ka akwụkwọ ozi ahụ meghere. "N'oge a, ihe iyi egwu, n'ụdị fasizim 'whitelash' nke Donald Trump akụ naanị na United States. Ntuli aka nke Trump agbasiwo ike n'ụdị aka nri n'ụwa niile."
=== Ndị na-ese ihe + Allies x Hebron ===
Broomberg hiwere, a gbadoro ụkwụ na nnukwu usoro onyunyo nke ndị na-eso Israel, iji igodo ndị Palestine na gburugburu Hebron. N'ihi ojiji ha na-eji ibu ibu ihu nke ukwuu, a na-akpọ ya "Facebook maka ndị Palestine". [1] A na-eji otu esi a mee ihe ndị na-anwụrụ "Counter-Surveillance: H2" nke a na-enye onyinye ndị e jibu ele ndị Palestine iji chebe owuwe ihe ubi osisi oliv. [2] N'ime oru ngo ọzọ Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg gosiri oku ka ọ bụrụ "mkparịta ụka na-akụzi ezi" n'ihe gbasara etu ọrịa ndị siri kparịta ụka. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-26|title=What's happening to free will and human agency? Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg speaks to artist Jeremy Hutchison on Instagram today|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/10/26/whats-happening-to-free-will-and-human-agency-facebook-founder-mark-zuckerberg-speaks-to-artist-jeremy-hutchison-on-instagram-today|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=THE ART NEWSPAPER}}</ref>
== Nkatọ ==
Na February 2023 ọ gbachitere onwe ya na okpukpe Zeit [1] ebubo Antisemitism nke Stefan Hensel, onye kọmishọna megide Antisemitism maka Hamburg . [2] Broomberg kwuru na ọ na-atụ egwu maka egwu ya na Germany ma gbachitere Nkwado maka BDS .
O kwuru na edemede 2021 taz [1] megide Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg (HFBK) nke ndị ekiri ha na ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ na ọrụ Israel na-aga n'ihu na mpaghara Palestine dị ka "apartheid". Ọzọkwa ọ gwara ndị na-ese ihe n'ụwa niile ka ha ihe ọrụ ha na Zabludowicz Art Trust . Dị ka Broomberg si kwuo, ndị Spinwatch na Middle East Monitor, Chaim "Poju" Zabludowicz na esoro ya Anita Zabludowicz achịkọtala ihe ngosi nka nke mba ụwa nke ọrụ 5,000 ruo taa; Otú ọ dị, a na-eche na Art Trust bụ ego ngwa agha sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Israel. [2] A kọrọ na Poju Zabludowicz ikike akụ ya site n'ahịa nna ya na-azụahia. Broomberg kwuru, "Amaara nke ọma ugbu a na ebe Zabludowicz bụ isi na nri dị n'etiti Britain na Israel. " <ref>{{Cite web|author=Liscia|first=Valentina Di|date=2021-05-18|title=600+ Artists and Organizations Urge Boycott of Zabludowicz Art Trust Over Israel Ties|url=http://hyperallergic.com/646541/artists-boycott-the-zabludowicz-art-trust-over-israel-ties/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://adambroomberg.com/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị]
* [http://www.broombergchanarin.com/ Mmekọrịta ya na Oliver Chanarin]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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{{Databox}}'''Van Leo''' (amuru '''Levon Alexander Boyadjian''' ; Nọvemba 20, 1921 – Maachị 18, 2002) bụ onye na-ese foto onye Armenia-Ijipt nke amaara maka ọtụtụ ihe onyonyo onwe ya na ihe osise nke ndị ama ama n’oge ya.
== Biography na ọrụ ==
[[Usòrò:Taha_Hussein.jpg|thumb| Eserese foto nke onye edemede Egypt ama ama Taha Hussein, ihe dịka 1955]]
A mụrụ na November 1921 na Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, Van Leo tolitere n'oge oge mgbukpọ na mkpagbu Armenia ma soro ezinụlọ ya gbapụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 4 iji gbaba n'Ijipt. Ọ bụ naanị n'ihi ọnọdụ nna ya nwere oke mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Baghdad nke German nwere ka Levon na ezinụlọ ya gbanarị mgbukpọ ahụ na Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. <ref name="Corgnati">Corgnati, Martina. [http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/vexhibit/_PHOTOGRAPHER_Van_Leo_01/2/0/0/ "Van Leo: An Armenian Photographer in Cairo"]. Excerpt from A Photographer called Van Leo. 2007. Web.</ref> Na Egypt, Levon gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi Bekee nke English Mission College sochiri ya. Ọ bụ na English Mission College, n'ihe dị ka afọ 16 ma ọ bụ 17, mgbe ọ zụtachara akwụkwọ ozi Hollywood nke kpakpando ihe nkiri ama ama ka Levon chọpụtara mmasị ya na foto. N'ịbụ ndị Hollywood na ụwa nke sinima nwere mmasị na ya, Levon kpebiri ịkwụsị ọmụmụ ihe ya, mgbe ọ debanyere aha ya na Mahadum America na Cairo na 1940 iji gbasoo agụụ ya. Levon nwetara ọzụzụ na Studio Venus nke onye ama ama onye Armenia na-ese foto aha ya bụ Artinian nwere tupu ya na nwanne ya nwoke Angelo meghere ihe nkiri nke ya na Jenụwarị, 1941, n'ime ụlọ nke ụlọ ha. <ref name="IversonBarry">Iverson, Barry. "The Life of Cairo Master Photographer Van Leo." Van Leo: A Rare Look. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 2012. Print.</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahịa ụmụnna bụ ndị agha na ndị isi WWII na-agafe agafe, na ndị na-eme egwuregwu na ọha mmadụ nke Opera bụ ndị a na-ebutekarị site na Entertainment National Service Association iji mee ka ndị agha na ndị isi nke ndị agha Britain nwee obi ụtọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rodriguez|first=Veronica|title=Van Leo: The Chronology|publisher=Sony Gallery for Photography|year=2010|url=http://www.aucegypt.edu/adhamcenter/veronica.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020805071233/http://www.aucegypt.edu/adhamcenter/veronica.html|archivedate=August 5, 2002|accessdate=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Na 1947, mmekọrịta kwụsịrị n'etiti ụmụnna 2 na Levon guzobe studio nke ya, nke na-esi na ya pụta aha Van Leo. <ref name="IversonBarry" /> Ọ bụ ezie na n'ime afọ 6 nke mmekorita dị n'etiti ụmụnna abụọ ahụ, mbipụta niile nwere aha Angelo, a na-ekwenyekarị na Van Leo bụ onye nwere nkà karị mana ọdịiche dị n'etiti 2 na mmalite afọ nke mmekọrịta ahụ ka na-anọgide na-enweghị isi. <ref name="ZadaJohn">Zada, John. [http://www.johnzada.com/iconic-portraits-van-leo-armenian-egyptian-photographer/ "The Iconic Portraiture of Van Leo"] ''Canvas'' Magazine.</ref>
N'oge mmalite nke studio ya, Van Leo na-esekarị foto ndị mmadụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị a ma ama, n'efu, n'ihi mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ya. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Opera bụ ndị ahịa ya kacha amasị ya n'ihi na ha na-achọ foto ọhụrụ mgbe nile maka mmepụta ha. Otu ọnọdụ e debere maka ọrụ efu nke Van Leo bụ na a ga-egosipụta otuto a na-ahụ anya n'okpuru foto ọ bụla ma n'ihi ya, aha ya na-ejikọta ya na ndị a ma ama. <ref name="IversonBarry">Iverson, Barry. "The Life of Cairo Master Photographer Van Leo." Van Leo: A Rare Look. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 2012. Print.</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ya na ndị a ma ama na-akpakọrịta, Van Leo nwere mmasị na ya maka ịbụ onye na-ese foto nke na-achọghị ego, ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi. Ọ jụrụ inweta aha site n'ịbụ onye na-ese foto nke ndị dị ike, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-ese foto n'oge ahụ bụ ndị kwusara onwe ha dị ka ndị na-ese foto nke ndị eze ma ọ bụ ndị isi oche. <ref name="Discipline">{{Cite web|author=Zaatari|first=Akram|title=Van Leo, The Discipline of a Rebel|publisher=[[Arab Image Foundation]]|url=http://www.adhamonline.com/Sony%20Gallery/Van%20Leo/zaatari.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201110202/http://www.adhamonline.com/Sony%20Gallery/Van%20Leo/zaatari.htm|archivedate=February 1, 2009|accessdate=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Mgbe agha ndị Ijipt gbaghasịrị 1952, ndị ahịa Van Leo ghọrọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu sitere na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke obodo Egypt, na ihu ndị dị ka ndị edemede, ndị ọkà mmụta, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nọgidere na-emekọrịta ihe na onye na-ese foto (Rushdi Abaza, Dalida, Taha). Hussien, Omar El Sherif). N'ihi na ọ dị mkpa, ọ ghaghị ịmalite ịrụ ọrụ paspọtụ na ID, foto agbamakwụkwọ, ihe osise maka ndị agha na ndị isi nke ndị agha Ijipt, na ọbụna mmeghari nke foto ndị nwụrụ anwụ wetara site n'aka ndị ha hụrụ n'anya. <ref name="IversonBarry" /> Na Jenụwarị 24, 1998 Van Leo mere nnọkọ eserese ikpeazụ ya wee mechaa mechie ụlọ ọrụ ya. N'otu afọ ahụ, Van Leo nyefere mkpokọta ọrụ ya na Mahadum America nke Cairo. Na March 2002, Van Leo nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi. <ref name="IversonBarry" />
== Ọrụ ==
E ji ụdị ọmarịcha nke Hollywood mara Van Leo; ọkụ ya na-abụkarị ihe nkiri na ihe oyiyi ya na-anụcha mgbe niile site na usoro mbipụta ya. Ụzọ e ji ebi akwụkwọ bụ isi n'ọrụ Van Leo. Na-arịwanye elu ọ ga-eji ihe nkiri 35mm maka ihe ndị na-enweghị mmasị maka ya. Ọ ga-edobe ihe nkiri mpempe akwụkwọ kachasị ukwuu (18x24 cm) maka ihe ndị ọ masịrị. Otu isiokwu dị mkpa bụ onwe ya. Van Leo tinyere ego na foto nke onwe ya nke ọ kpọrọ "auto-portraits" wee kee onwe ya nchịkọta ihe osise 400 na uwe dị iche iche na ihe odide gụnyere Jizọs, onye arịrịọ, onye na-anya ụgbọ elu WWII, onye na-agba chaa chaa, onye na-apụnara mmadụ ihe. nwanyị na-akpọ asị, ọtụtụ ụdị ụmụ nwanyị, onye egbe egbe, Sheikh Saudi, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. E wezụga ihe osise, Leon tinyekwara ego n'ịse ihe ochie dị ka Pyramid nke Giza, ụlọ alakụba ndị a ma ama na Cairo, mkpọmkpọ ebe na Luxor, na saịtị ndị njem na Paris, Rome, na Vienna. <ref name="IversonBarry">Iverson, Barry. "The Life of Cairo Master Photographer Van Leo." Van Leo: A Rare Look. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 2012. Print.</ref> A makwaara Van Leo maka nlebara anya ya na nkọwa. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-achịkwa setịpụ, gburugburu, na ọkụ ọkụ, ma ọ na-ejikwa akụkụ nke égbè ya, poses, okwu okwu, ma mara ya maka inwe onwe ya na nnwere onwe na ọrụ ya, na otú ahụ ka ọ dị. tụnyere onye na-ese ihe. <ref name="Corgnati"/> E gosiputara nke a na ikike Van Leo ka o mepụta ihe onyonyo nke onye na-eme egwuregwu Egypt na-egosi dị ka onye na-eche echiche nke Rodin. <ref name="Discipline"/> Isiokwu na-enye ya enweghị ihe mgbochi maka eserese, yana nnwere onwe zuru oke maka otu esi ahazi nkọwa ahụ bụ ihe kacha mma Van Leo. A na-arụ ụka na ike nke ihe osise Van Leo na-abịa site na nghọta ya banyere àgwà ndị oche ya. Mgbe ọ jụrụ ya ihe dọọrọ mmasị ya kpọmkwem n'ihe osise, ọ zara na ọ bụ ihu mmadụ kacha amasị ya ma nwee mmasị. <ref>Bassiouni, Fatma. "Van Leo's Unrivaled Images of Cairo's Belle Epoch." ''The Middle East Times''. 2000. Web</ref>
== Ihe nketa na nnabata ==
A na-arụ ụka na mkpokọta Van Leo bụ akwụkwọ nke obodo Egypt n'ime afọ iri ise gara aga ma bụrụ onye a na-akpọ onye na-ese ihe maka ịtụgharị foto ya ka ọ bụrụ nka. Edewo akụkọ dị iche iche nke ndị enyi na ndị ọrụ ibe Van Leo dere banyere ndụ ya na ọrụ ya na onye ọ bụla na-asọpụrụ nkà ya na otu onye na-ese ihe siri ọnwụ na-echekwa nkà ahụ. <ref name="ZadaJohn"/> Mgbe ahọpụtara ya maka onyinye onyinye Prince Claus site n'aka Arab Image Foundation dị na Beirut, ọgbakọ raara onwe ya nye maka ichekwa foto ochie nke Middle East, Van Leo meriri ihe nrite ahụ na 2000, wee nweta nlebara anya na nnabata zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref name="ZadaJohn" /> Na 2001, Akram Zaatari, onye na-ese ihe na Lebanọn duziri ''Her + Him Van Leo'' akwụkwọ akụkọ gosipụtara Van Leo n'onwe ya. Zaatari kpebiri iji ihe nkiri gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na Leo mepụta "ụdị mkparịta ụka na Van-Leo megidere ihe nkiri banyere ya." Zaatari na-egosi nhụta dị n'etiti Van Leo na onye nchọpụta na-amaghị aha ya bụ onye Leo sere foto nne nne ya na 1959. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-atụle ndụ, ọrụ, na nka nke Van Leo. <ref name="ZadaJohn" /> Van Leo bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ na-abịanụ nke Negar Azimi na Karl Bassil nke Arab Image Foundation deziri. Na 2018, Institute for Comparative Modernities na Mahadum Cornell kwadoro ihe ngosi gosipụtara ihe osise onwe ya akpọrọ [https://aap.cornell.edu/news-events/van-leo-reluctant-surrealist Van-Leo: The Reluctant Surrealist] <ref>{{Cite book|author=Van-leo: The Reluctant Surrealist|title=Van-Leo: The Reluctant Surrealist|publisher=|year=2018|isbn=978-1569026113|location=USA|pages=50}}</ref> nke so na katalọgụ nke otu aha bipụtara. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Van Leo bụ isiokwu nke isi nlegharị anya na Hammer Museum na Los Angeles, nke Negar Azimi haziri.
== Nchịkọta na ebe nchekwa ==
Enyere [https://library.aucegypt.edu/libraries/rbscl/photographs/van-leo foto Van Leo] na mkpokọta ndụ ya na Mahadum America dị na Cairo na 1998. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240315110234/https://library.aucegypt.edu/libraries/rbscl Akwụkwọ ọbá akwụkwọ na-adịghị ahụkebe na ọbá akwụkwọ ọpụrụiche] na-edezi foto ya ugbu a.
== Ihe nrite ==
Asọpụrụ Van Leo site na onyinye Prince Claus na 2000. Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-ese foto nwetara ihe nrite a ma ama.
== Ntụaka ==
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{{Databox}}'''Van Leo''' (amuru '''Levon Alexander Boyadjian''' ; Nọvemba 20, 1921 – Maachị 18, 2002) bụ onye na-ese foto onye Armenia-Ijipt nke amaara maka ọtụtụ ihe onyonyo onwe ya na ihe osise nke ndị ama ama n’oge ya.
== Biography na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ na November 1921 na Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, Van Leo tolitere n'oge oge mgbukpọ na mkpagbu Armenia ma soro ezinụlọ ya gbapụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 4 iji gbaba n'Ijipt. Ọ bụ naanị n'ihi ọnọdụ nna ya nwere oke mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Baghdad nke German nwere ka Levon na ezinụlọ ya gbanarị mgbukpọ ahụ na Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. <ref name="Corgnati">Corgnati, Martina. [http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/vexhibit/_PHOTOGRAPHER_Van_Leo_01/2/0/0/ "Van Leo: An Armenian Photographer in Cairo"]. Excerpt from A Photographer called Van Leo. 2007. Web.</ref> Na Egypt, Levon gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi Bekee nke English Mission College sochiri ya. Ọ bụ na English Mission College, n'ihe dị ka afọ 16 ma ọ bụ 17, mgbe ọ zụtachara akwụkwọ ozi Hollywood nke kpakpando ihe nkiri ama ama ka Levon chọpụtara mmasị ya na foto. N'ịbụ ndị Hollywood na ụwa nke sinima nwere mmasị na ya, Levon kpebiri ịkwụsị ọmụmụ ihe ya, mgbe ọ debanyere aha ya na Mahadum America na Cairo na 1940 iji gbasoo agụụ ya. Levon nwetara ọzụzụ na Studio Venus nke onye ama ama onye Armenia na-ese foto aha ya bụ Artinian nwere tupu ya na nwanne ya nwoke Angelo meghere ihe nkiri nke ya na Jenụwarị, 1941, n'ime ụlọ nke ụlọ ha. <ref name="IversonBarry">Iverson, Barry. "The Life of Cairo Master Photographer Van Leo." Van Leo: A Rare Look. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 2012. Print.</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahịa ụmụnna bụ ndị agha na ndị isi WWII na-agafe agafe, na ndị na-eme egwuregwu na ọha mmadụ nke Opera bụ ndị a na-ebutekarị site na Entertainment National Service Association iji mee ka ndị agha na ndị isi nke ndị agha Britain nwee obi ụtọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rodriguez|first=Veronica|title=Van Leo: The Chronology|publisher=Sony Gallery for Photography|year=2010|url=http://www.aucegypt.edu/adhamcenter/veronica.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020805071233/http://www.aucegypt.edu/adhamcenter/veronica.html|archivedate=August 5, 2002|accessdate=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Na 1947, mmekọrịta kwụsịrị n'etiti ụmụnna 2 na Levon guzobe studio nke ya, nke na-esi na ya pụta aha Van Leo. <ref name="IversonBarry" /> Ọ bụ ezie na n'ime afọ 6 nke mmekorita dị n'etiti ụmụnna abụọ ahụ, mbipụta niile nwere aha Angelo, a na-ekwenyekarị na Van Leo bụ onye nwere nkà karị mana ọdịiche dị n'etiti 2 na mmalite afọ nke mmekọrịta ahụ ka na-anọgide na-enweghị isi. <ref name="ZadaJohn">Zada, John. [http://www.johnzada.com/iconic-portraits-van-leo-armenian-egyptian-photographer/ "The Iconic Portraiture of Van Leo"] ''Canvas'' Magazine.</ref>
N'oge mmalite nke studio ya, Van Leo na-esekarị foto ndị mmadụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị a ma ama, n'efu, n'ihi mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ya. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Opera bụ ndị ahịa ya kacha amasị ya n'ihi na ha na-achọ foto ọhụrụ mgbe nile maka mmepụta ha. Otu ọnọdụ e debere maka ọrụ efu nke Van Leo bụ na a ga-egosipụta otuto a na-ahụ anya n'okpuru foto ọ bụla ma n'ihi ya, aha ya na-ejikọta ya na ndị a ma ama. <ref name="IversonBarry">Iverson, Barry. "The Life of Cairo Master Photographer Van Leo." Van Leo: A Rare Look. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 2012. Print.</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ya na ndị a ma ama na-akpakọrịta, Van Leo nwere mmasị na ya maka ịbụ onye na-ese foto nke na-achọghị ego, ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi. Ọ jụrụ inweta aha site n'ịbụ onye na-ese foto nke ndị dị ike, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-ese foto n'oge ahụ bụ ndị kwusara onwe ha dị ka ndị na-ese foto nke ndị eze ma ọ bụ ndị isi oche. <ref name="Discipline">{{Cite web|author=Zaatari|first=Akram|title=Van Leo, The Discipline of a Rebel|publisher=[[Arab Image Foundation]]|url=http://www.adhamonline.com/Sony%20Gallery/Van%20Leo/zaatari.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201110202/http://www.adhamonline.com/Sony%20Gallery/Van%20Leo/zaatari.htm|archivedate=February 1, 2009|accessdate=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Mgbe agha ndị Ijipt gbaghasịrị 1952, ndị ahịa Van Leo ghọrọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu sitere na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke obodo Egypt, na ihu ndị dị ka ndị edemede, ndị ọkà mmụta, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nọgidere na-emekọrịta ihe na onye na-ese foto (Rushdi Abaza, Dalida, Taha). Hussien, Omar El Sherif). N'ihi na ọ dị mkpa, ọ ghaghị ịmalite ịrụ ọrụ paspọtụ na ID, foto agbamakwụkwọ, ihe osise maka ndị agha na ndị isi nke ndị agha Ijipt, na ọbụna mmeghari nke foto ndị nwụrụ anwụ wetara site n'aka ndị ha hụrụ n'anya. <ref name="IversonBarry" /> Na Jenụwarị 24, 1998 Van Leo mere nnọkọ eserese ikpeazụ ya wee mechaa mechie ụlọ ọrụ ya. N'otu afọ ahụ, Van Leo nyefere mkpokọta ọrụ ya na Mahadum America nke Cairo. Na March 2002, Van Leo nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi. <ref name="IversonBarry" />
== Ọrụ ==
E ji ụdị ọmarịcha nke Hollywood mara Van Leo; ọkụ ya na-abụkarị ihe nkiri na ihe oyiyi ya na-anụcha mgbe niile site na usoro mbipụta ya. Ụzọ e ji ebi akwụkwọ bụ isi n'ọrụ Van Leo. Na-arịwanye elu ọ ga-eji ihe nkiri 35mm maka ihe ndị na-enweghị mmasị maka ya. Ọ ga-edobe ihe nkiri mpempe akwụkwọ kachasị ukwuu (18x24 cm) maka ihe ndị ọ masịrị. Otu isiokwu dị mkpa bụ onwe ya. Van Leo tinyere ego na foto nke onwe ya nke ọ kpọrọ "auto-portraits" wee kee onwe ya nchịkọta ihe osise 400 na uwe dị iche iche na ihe odide gụnyere Jizọs, onye arịrịọ, onye na-anya ụgbọ elu WWII, onye na-agba chaa chaa, onye na-apụnara mmadụ ihe. nwanyị na-akpọ asị, ọtụtụ ụdị ụmụ nwanyị, onye egbe egbe, Sheikh Saudi, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. E wezụga ihe osise, Leon tinyekwara ego n'ịse ihe ochie dị ka Pyramid nke Giza, ụlọ alakụba ndị a ma ama na Cairo, mkpọmkpọ ebe na Luxor, na saịtị ndị njem na Paris, Rome, na Vienna. <ref name="IversonBarry">Iverson, Barry. "The Life of Cairo Master Photographer Van Leo." Van Leo: A Rare Look. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 2012. Print.</ref> A makwaara Van Leo maka nlebara anya ya na nkọwa. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-achịkwa setịpụ, gburugburu, na ọkụ ọkụ, ma ọ na-ejikwa akụkụ nke égbè ya, poses, okwu okwu, ma mara ya maka inwe onwe ya na nnwere onwe na ọrụ ya, na otú ahụ ka ọ dị. tụnyere onye na-ese ihe. <ref name="Corgnati"/> E gosiputara nke a na ikike Van Leo ka o mepụta ihe onyonyo nke onye na-eme egwuregwu Egypt na-egosi dị ka onye na-eche echiche nke Rodin. <ref name="Discipline"/> Isiokwu na-enye ya enweghị ihe mgbochi maka eserese, yana nnwere onwe zuru oke maka otu esi ahazi nkọwa ahụ bụ ihe kacha mma Van Leo. A na-arụ ụka na ike nke ihe osise Van Leo na-abịa site na nghọta ya banyere àgwà ndị oche ya. Mgbe ọ jụrụ ya ihe dọọrọ mmasị ya kpọmkwem n'ihe osise, ọ zara na ọ bụ ihu mmadụ kacha amasị ya ma nwee mmasị. <ref>Bassiouni, Fatma. "Van Leo's Unrivaled Images of Cairo's Belle Epoch." ''The Middle East Times''. 2000. Web</ref>
== Ihe nketa na nnabata ==
A na-arụ ụka na mkpokọta Van Leo bụ akwụkwọ nke obodo Egypt n'ime afọ iri ise gara aga ma bụrụ onye a na-akpọ onye na-ese ihe maka ịtụgharị foto ya ka ọ bụrụ nka. Edewo akụkọ dị iche iche nke ndị enyi na ndị ọrụ ibe Van Leo dere banyere ndụ ya na ọrụ ya na onye ọ bụla na-asọpụrụ nkà ya na otu onye na-ese ihe siri ọnwụ na-echekwa nkà ahụ. <ref name="ZadaJohn"/> Mgbe ahọpụtara ya maka onyinye onyinye Prince Claus site n'aka Arab Image Foundation dị na Beirut, ọgbakọ raara onwe ya nye maka ichekwa foto ochie nke Middle East, Van Leo meriri ihe nrite ahụ na 2000, wee nweta nlebara anya na nnabata zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref name="ZadaJohn" /> Na 2001, Akram Zaatari, onye na-ese ihe na Lebanọn duziri ''Her + Him Van Leo'' akwụkwọ akụkọ gosipụtara Van Leo n'onwe ya. Zaatari kpebiri iji ihe nkiri gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na Leo mepụta "ụdị mkparịta ụka na Van-Leo megidere ihe nkiri banyere ya." Zaatari na-egosi nhụta dị n'etiti Van Leo na onye nchọpụta na-amaghị aha ya bụ onye Leo sere foto nne nne ya na 1959. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-atụle ndụ, ọrụ, na nka nke Van Leo. <ref name="ZadaJohn" /> Van Leo bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ na-abịanụ nke Negar Azimi na Karl Bassil nke Arab Image Foundation deziri. Na 2018, Institute for Comparative Modernities na Mahadum Cornell kwadoro ihe ngosi gosipụtara ihe osise onwe ya akpọrọ [https://aap.cornell.edu/news-events/van-leo-reluctant-surrealist Van-Leo: The Reluctant Surrealist] <ref>{{Cite book|author=Van-leo: The Reluctant Surrealist|title=Van-Leo: The Reluctant Surrealist|publisher=|year=2018|isbn=978-1569026113|location=USA|pages=50}}</ref> nke so na katalọgụ nke otu aha bipụtara. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Van Leo bụ isiokwu nke isi nlegharị anya na Hammer Museum na Los Angeles, nke Negar Azimi haziri.
== Nchịkọta na ebe nchekwa ==
Enyere [https://library.aucegypt.edu/libraries/rbscl/photographs/van-leo foto Van Leo] na mkpokọta ndụ ya na Mahadum America dị na Cairo na 1998. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240315110234/https://library.aucegypt.edu/libraries/rbscl Akwụkwọ ọbá akwụkwọ na-adịghị ahụkebe na ọbá akwụkwọ ọpụrụiche] na-edezi foto ya ugbu a.
== Ihe nrite ==
Asọpụrụ Van Leo site na onyinye Prince Claus na 2000. Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-ese foto nwetara ihe nrite a ma ama.
== Ntụaka ==
{{Commons category}}
ltz78luszttyx1hbois5f047wp2bjvo
Ali Labib Gabr
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{{Databox}}'''Ali Labib Gabr''' (February 14, 1898, Cairo, [[Egypt]] - Jenuarị 19, 1966) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ Egypt nke mere n'ime nkeji nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Ọ bụ onye isi mbụ nke Egypt nke oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Architecture na Mahadum Cairo (1946-1955), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cairo University named in the Global University Rankings For Architecture|url=https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cvhez/cairo_university_named_in_the_global_university_rankings_for_architecture.html|accessdate=2023-01-09|work=World Architecture Community|language=en|archivedate=2023-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109000544/https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cvhez/cairo_university_named_in_the_global_university_rankings_for_architecture.html}}</ref> ma mara ya maka ịbụ onye ndu ' ọsụ ụzọ' n'ichepụta ụlọ ma ndị ọrụ na ụlọ okomoko, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ashour|first=Shaima|date=2012|title=Pioneer Egyptian Architects during the Liberal Era (1919-1952)|url=https://www.academia.edu/34458082|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=|publisher=Maktabat Madbouli}}</ref> ọkachasị nke nke Arab diva Om Kalthoum na mpaghara Cairo nke Zamalek . <ref>{{Cite web|title=PLATFORM: Demolitions and the Urgency of Architectural History in Egypt|url=https://www.platformspace.net/home/demolitions-and-the-urgency-of-architectural-history-in-egypt|accessdate=2023-01-08|work=PLATFORM|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Ọ gụrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na England n'oge Frank Lloyd Wright nwere mmetụta na Le Corbusier na Hausmann ka na-akpasu iwe na Paris. Nyere aka iweghachi akụkụ nke ihe ọ hụrụ, ya na [[Garo Balyan]] na [[Max Edrei]] (ndị na-emepụta Union Vie Building na Gabalaya Street); na [[Antoine Selim Nahas]] (onye edemede nke Lebon), o kpebisiri ike ime mgbanwe na Cairo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egy.com/zamalek/99-12-23.php|title=LEBON|publisher=Egy.com|date=|accessdate=2013-10-29}}</ref>
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'etiti 1920 na 1950.
== Ụlọ ==
* Ali Labib Gabr Bldg, Ibn Zanki Street, Zamalek
* Villa Erfan-Liscovitch, okporo ụzọ 85 Maadi
* Ali Hussein Bey Ayoub (1940), Nke 25 [[Abu El Feda Street]], Zamalek ,
* Embassy Lebanon na Zamalek (1939) [[Mansour Mohamed Street]] ,
* Yehya Bldg (ihe dị ka 1951) na Zamalek ebe onye na-ede egwú bụ Abdel Wahab bi.
* Villa Dr. Mohammed Bey Rida (1932) (dị ka ebe obibi Embassy India nke 1949), [[Mohammed Mazhar Street]], Zamalek .
* Villa Murro Pasha emezigharịrị na [[Ibn Zanki Street]], Zamalek
* Ikekwe Giza governorate HQ, Pyramid Road.
* Ebe obibi ndị nnọchi anya ndị India na Zamalek's Mohammed Mazhar Street. ( style art-deco )
Otu n'ime ụlọ ya mara mma nke dị na Tahrir Square ka ọkụ mebiri n'oge mgbanwe 2011. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cairobserver.com/post/14264227896/modernist-building-damaged#.UZUOAoJkoXw|title=Cairobserver — Modernist building damaged|publisher=Cairobserver.com|date=2011-12-15|accessdate=2013-10-29}}</ref>
== Ntụaka ==
nke oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Architecture na Mahadumnke oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Architecture na [[Mahadum Cairo|Mahadum]]{{Reflist}}
1o9jfw1rc849dnwc137tq4lgfqct53h
Alexandra Bell (onye na-ese ihe)
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{{Databox}}'''Alexandra Bell''' (amuru 1983) bu onye omenka otutu ndi America. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennington.edu/news-and-features/alexandra-bell-counternarratives|title=Alexandra Bell Makes Art for the Fake-News Era|author=Hairston|first=Tahirah|date=|work=The Cut|language=en-us|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka usoro ya ''Counternarratives,'' nnukwu tapawa akụkọ ''New York Times'' edeziri iji maa aka n'echiche nke "ebumnobi" na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3904|title=Alexandra Bell Makes Art for the Fake-News Era|author=Hairston|first=Tahirah|date=|work=The Cut|language=en-us|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref> N'iji n'akụkụ akụkụ, nkọwapụta, ngbanwe, na ngbanwe na nhazi na onyonyo, Bell na-ekpughe ajọ mbunobi agbụrụ na okike agbakwunyere na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ebipụta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/07/19/alexandra-bell-counternarratives-new-york-times/|title=This Brooklyn Artist Is Taking On the Media|work=[[The Village Voice]]|date=19 July 2017|accessdate=2020-01-20|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106171013/https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/07/19/alexandra-bell-counternarratives-new-york-times/}}</ref>
== Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Bell ma zụlite na Chicago. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/07/arts/design/artist-alexandra-bell-dissects-the-new-york-times.html|title=Analyzing Race and Gender Bias Amid All the News That's Fit to Print|author=Stevenson|first=Sandra|date=2017-12-07|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2020-01-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-akpọ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri dị ka [[Glenn Ligon]], Jenny Holzer, na onye na-ese ihe Chile Alfredo Jaar dị ka mkpali. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-radical-edits-of-alexandra-bell|title=The "Radical Edits" of Alexandra Bell|author=St. Félix|first=Doreen|date=2017-07-31|accessdate=2020-01-20|language=en}}</ref> Bell nwere nzere bachelọ nke Arts na ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ sitere na Mahadum Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alexandrabell.com/pagecv|title=CV|work=Alexandra Bell|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-20|archivedate=2020-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124193359/http://www.alexandrabell.com/pagecv}}</ref> Ọ nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu site na Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism na 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alexandra-bell-public-artwork-965666|title=Alexandra Bell Uses Her Public Art to Expose Media Racism|date=2017-06-01|work=artnet News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref>
== Ọrụ na nnabata dị egwu ==
Ọrụ Bell apụtala na nnukwu otu na ihe ngosi solo n'ofe United States, gụnyere 2019 Whitney Biennial, bụ nke gosipụtara usoro mbipụta ọhụrụ ewepụtara aha ya bụ ''Ọ dịghị mmadụ etinyere aka na ya: After Sylvia Wynter'', nke na-ele anya na akụkọ New York Daily News 'akụkọ banyere Central Park ise ikpe. N'ime otuto ndị ọzọ, Bell nwetara 2018 International Center of Photography Infinity Award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icp.org/infinity-awards/alexandra-bell|title=2018 Infinity Award: Applied — Alexandra Bell|date=2018-02-08|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-07|archivedate=2019-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923073514/https://www.icp.org/infinity-awards/alexandra-bell}}</ref> na ngalaba etinyere ma bụrụ onye otu 2018 Open Society Soros Equality Fellow. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/grants/soros-equality-fellowship?fellow=alexandra-bell¤t=1|title=Soros Equality Fellowship|work=www.opensocietyfoundations.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref>
== Ihe ngosi na nrụnye ==
=== Solo ===
'akụkọ banyere Central Park ise ikpe. N'ime otuto ndị ọzọ, Bell nwetara 2018 International Center of Photography tapawa akụkọ New York Times edeziri iji maa aka
* Atlanta Contemporary, Atlanta, Georgia, Ọgọst 26 – Disemba 17, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atlantacontemporary.org/exhibitions/alexandra-bell|title=Alexandra Bell{{!}}Atlanta Contemporary|author=|first=|date=|work=Atlanta Contemporary|language=en-us|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105621/https://atlantacontemporary.org/exhibitions/alexandra-bell}}</ref>
* Kọleji Bennington, Bennington, Vermont, Ọktoba 10 – Disemba 15, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennington.edu/news-and-features/alexandra-bell-counternarratives|title=Alexandra Bell: Counternarratives {{!}} Bennington College|work=www.bennington.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://magazine.art21.org/2017/12/22/reading-critically-alexandra-bells-counternarratives/#.Wpm3liMrJhA|title=Reading Critically: Alexandra Bell's "Counternarratives" {{!}} Art21 Magazine|work=Art21 Magazine|accessdate=2018-03-02|language=en-US}}</ref>
* MoMA PS1, Long Island City, New York, Nọvemba 9 - Disemba 11, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3904|title=Alexandra Bell: Counternarratives {{!}} MoMA|work=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref>
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke kọleji Pomona, Claremont, California, Maachị 2 – Mee 13, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pomona.edu/museum/sites/museum.pomona.edu/files/pdfs/press/press_release_alexandra_bell_1.pdf|title=Pomona College Museum of Art presents An Artist Talk and Installations by Alexandra Bell|author=Bae|first=Justine|date=26 February 2018|work=Pomona College|accessdate=5 April 2018|archivedate=6 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040546/https://www.pomona.edu/museum/sites/museum.pomona.edu/files/pdfs/press/press_release_alexandra_bell_1.pdf}}</ref>
* Spencer Museum nke Mahadum nka nke Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, Maachị 5 - Eprel 8, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spencerart.ku.edu/exhibition/alexandra-bell-counternarratives|title=Alexandra Bell: Counternarratives {{!}} Spencer Museum of Art|work=spencerart.ku.edu|date=5 March 2018|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-05}}</ref>
* Allen Memorial Art Museum na ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji Oberlin, Oberlin, Ohio, Ọktoba 30 - Disemba 21, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Counternarratives.htm|title=Counternarratives|work=www2.oberlin.edu|accessdate=2020-03-07|archivedate=2020-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122025207/http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Counternarratives.htm}}</ref>
=== Otu ===
* ''Ebube a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na nnukwu ugwu,'' Kpọtụrụ Gallery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Septemba 21 - Nọvemba 18, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scotiabankcontactphoto.com/2017/contact-gallery/an-unassailable-and-monumental-dignity|title=An unassailable and monumental dignity at CONTACT Gallery - Scotiabank CONTACT Photography Festival|work=scotiabankcontactphoto.com|accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref>
* ''Enweghị ebe bụ ebe m,'' [[Koenig & Clinton Gallery]], Brooklyn, New York, Nọvemba 3, 2017 - Jenụwarị 14, 2018, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koenigandclinton.com/exhibitions/lack-of-location-is-my-location-becca-albee-eleana-antonaki-kamrooz-aram-american-artist-alexandra-bell-lisa-corinne-davis-torkwase-dyson-andrea-geyer-nicole-miller-aliza-nisenbaum-dawit-l/|title=Koenig & Clinton — Lack of Location Is My Location: Becca Albee, Eleana Antonaki, Kamrooz Aram, American Artist, Alexandra Bell, Lisa Corinne Davis, Torkwase Dyson, Andrea Geyer, Nicole Miller, Aliza Nisenbaum, Dawit L. Petros, Xaviera Simmons, William Villalongo|work=koenigandclinton.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050745/http://koenigandclinton.com/exhibitions/lack-of-location-is-my-location-becca-albee-eleana-antonaki-kamrooz-aram-american-artist-alexandra-bell-lisa-corinne-davis-torkwase-dyson-andrea-geyer-nicole-miller-aliza-nisenbaum-dawit-l/}}</ref>
* ''Jide Eziokwu Ndị a,'' Nathan Cummings Foundation New York City, Nọvemba 13, 2017 - Maachị 14, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nathancummings.org/hold-these-truths|title=Hold These Truths {{!}} Nathan Cummings Foundation|work=www.nathancummings.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105907/http://www.nathancummings.org/hold-these-truths}}</ref>
* ''Asụsụ izizi,'' [[Cue Foundation]], New York City, Septemba 6 – Ọktoba 11, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cueartfoundation.org/exhibitions/|title=Exhibitions|work=CUE Art Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225185358/http://cueartfoundation.org/exhibitions}}</ref>
* ''Punch'' (nke [[Nina Chanel Abney]] chepụtara), Jeffrey Deitch, New York, Septemba 15 - Ọktoba 27, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deitch.com/new-york/exhibitions/punch|title=Punch, Curated by Nina Chanel Abney|work=deitch.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref>
* ''Ihe nketa nke Lynching: Na-emegide Ụjọ agbụrụ na America'' (ahaziri na Brooklyn Museum, Equal Justice Initiative, na [[Google]] ), Cantor Fitzgerald Gallery na Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, October 26, 2018 - December 16, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exhibits.haverford.edu/thelegacyoflynching/|title=The Legacy of Lynching: Confronting Racial Terror in America|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref>
* ''2019 Whitney Biennial'' (nke [[Rujeko Hockley]] na Jane Panetta kwadoro), Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Mee 17 - Septemba 22, 2019 <ref name=":ff">{{Cite web|title=Whitney Biennial 2019|url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/2019-Biennial|work=whitney.org|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Ozi ozugbo: Art, Asụsụ, na Ike'', MCA Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Ọktoba 26, 2019 - Jenụwarị 26, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mcachicago.org/Exhibitions/2019/Direct-Message|title=Direct Message: Art, Language, and Power|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref>
== Ntụaka ==
osipụtara usoro mbipụta ọhụrụ ewepụtara aha ya bụ Ọ dịghị mmadụ etinyere aka{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
4g6uk0ghs0px12bw8xmjkga5i35lavx
Abdu Ali
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{{Databox}}
[[Usòrò:Abdu-Ali-2015.png|thumb| Ali na-eme ihe na 2015|544x544px]]
'''Abdu Ali''' bụ onye America na-agụ egwu multidisciplinary, onye na-akwado obodo, onye na-ede uri na onye na-ese ihe dabere na Baltimore . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Cooper|first=Wilbert L.|date=November 20, 2019|title=Abdu Ali is creating space for radical black artists|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/ne8paz/abdu-ali-is-creating-space-for-radical-black-artists|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=i-D|archivedate=June 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618113234/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/ne8paz/abdu-ali-is-creating-space-for-radical-black-artists}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 24, 2019|title=Abdu Ali: The Freedom Fighter|url=https://www.culturedmag.com/abdu-ali/|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=Cultured Magazine}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Baltimore City Major Jack Young 's Office na LGBTQ Commission kwanyere Ali nturuugo Onye nka nke afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rao|first=Sameer|title=Mining Baltimore's past and present, Abdu Ali releases album of "Fiyah!!!"|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/bs-fe-abduali-fiyah-20190617-story.html|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=June 13, 2019}}</ref> Ha wepụtara album mbụ ha ''bụ FIYAH!!'' na 2019. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=April 19, 2019|title=ABDU ALI PUSHES US FORWARD WITH NEW ALBUM, FIYAH!!|url=https://afropunk.com/2019/04/abdu-ali-fiyah/|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=AFROPUNK|archivedate=June 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618153235/https://afropunk.com/2019/04/abdu-ali-fiyah/}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Quietus {{!}} Reviews {{!}} Abdu Ali|url=https://thequietus.com/articles/26381-abdu-ali-fiyah-review|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=The Quietus}}</ref>
== Ụdị egwu ==
A kọwawo ụdị egwu ha dị ka jazz na-anụ ọkụ n'obi nwere uri punk rap na-eme n'ọdịnihu ebe ha na-akpakwa mkpọtụ punk na avant-garde rap . <ref>{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2020|title=Black Musicians Write the Soundtrack of the City|url=https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/black-musicians-write-the-soundtrack-of-the-city|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=Baltimore magazine}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=March 9, 2020|title=The Experimental Savvy Of Baltimore's New Underground Music Scene|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/features/baltimores-underground-music-scene-guide|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=Bandcamp Daily}}</ref> Ọrụ ha sitere na akụkọ akụkọ Baltimore Club na akara ngosi ojii Miss Tony. <ref name=":3" /> Langston Hughes, [[Zora Neale Hurston]], Wallace Thurmon, na Richard Nugent na-emetụta egwu Ali na uri. <ref>{{Cite web|date=April 1, 2019|title=Abdu Ali, a Musician with Restless Charisma, Shares Their Camera Roll|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/abdu-ali-a-musician-with-restless-charisma-shares-their-camera-roll-with-us|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=Interview}}</ref> ''FADER'' kọwara otu "Ịdị ọcha" ha dị ka "oku na-adịghị ahụkebe, na obi ike maka ịhụ onwe onye na nnabata". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Baltimore's Abdu Ali dares to be free on the post-futuristic "Chastity"|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/02/19/abdu-ali-chasity-music-video-song|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=The FADER}}</ref>
== Ihe oru ngo ==
Ali etinyela aka na ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere Kahlon, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Callahan|first=Maura|title=Kahlon's Cut Up Series returns with audio-visual exhibition|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/citypaper/bcp-020117-ae-kahlon-20170201-story.html|accessdate=June 18, 2020|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=February 2017}}</ref> <ref name=":2"/> egwu egwu na ihe ngosi nka na Baltimore nke kwadoro omume ndị ama ama gụnyere Juliana Huxtable, Princess Nokia na ndị ọzọ sitere na 2014 ruo 2017. <ref name=":0"/> Na 2017 ha mepụtara drumBOOTY, pọdkastị maka okike ojii na mkparịta ụka mmekọrịta. <ref name=":3"/> Ha bụkwa onye nchoputa nke As They Lay, nke Ali na-ekwu dị ka "ihe nchekwa na-emepụta ihe" nke na-eme ka ndị na-ese ojii na-agbakọta ọnụ maka mmemme, mmemme na mkparịta ụka. <ref name=":0" />
Ali na-akọwapụta dị ka ndị na-abụghị ọnụọgụ abụọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=June 2019|first=Lydia Woolever {{!}}|date=May 14, 2019|title=Allow Abdu Ali to Reintroduce Themself|url=https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/allow-abdu-ali-to-reintroduce-themself/|accessdate=April 25, 2023|work=Baltimore Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=August 20, 2018|title=Baltimore Legend Abdu Ali Is Ready To Make Their Formal Debut|url=https://www.bese.com/baltimore-legend-abdu-ali-is-ready-to-make-his-formal-debut/|accessdate=April 25, 2023|work=BESE|language=en-US|archivedate=April 25, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425155254/https://www.bese.com/baltimore-legend-abdu-ali-is-ready-to-make-his-formal-debut/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=August 31, 2020|title=JPEGMAFIA, Abdu Ali and Gender Nonconformity in Hip-Hop|url=https://wknc.org/2020/08/31/jpegmafia-abdu-ali-and-gender-nonconformity-in/|accessdate=April 25, 2023|work=WKNC 88.1 FM|language=en-US}}</ref> ma na-eji ha/ha nnọchiaha. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Burney|first=Lawrence|date=February 17, 2023|title=Abdu Ali sees beyond music and Baltimore with national arts grant|url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/culture/abdu-ali-sees-beyond-music-and-baltimore-with-national-arts-grant-3ZP32RE66VA53PT4JM53A5W37E/|accessdate=April 25, 2023|work=The Baltimore Banner|language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe ngosi ==
=== Albums Studio ===
ọzọ sitere na 2014 ruo 2017. Na 2017 ha mepụtara drumBOOTY, pọdkastị maka okike ojii na mkparịta ụka mmekọrịta. Ha bụkwa onye nchoputa nke As They Lay
* ''FIYA!!'' (2019) <ref name=":1"/>
=== Ngosipụta ndị ọbịa ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Ndepụta nke ngosi ndị ọbịa na-abụghị otu, yana ndị nka na-eme nka, na-egosi afọ ewepụtara na aha ọba
! scope="col" style="width:16em;" | Aha
! scope="col" | Afọ
! scope="col" | Onye omenkà
! scope="col" | Album
|-
! scope="row" | "Ụmụaka utoojoo patch"
| 2015
| Simo Soo
| -
|-
|-
! scope="row" | "DOTS Freestyle remix"
| 2019
| JPEGMafia, Buzzy Lee
| ''Ndị dike m niile bụ bọọlụ ọka''
|-
|}
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Official website
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Abdu}}
juch1ne66dca7kk8oze9vtwbr5te3ie
Aida Rostami
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2026-08-18T15:29:42Z
CommonsDelinker
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Removing [[:c:File:Woman,_Life,_Freedom_in_Nazrath_-_Mural_in_memory_of_murdered_Iranians_02.jpg|Woman,_Life,_Freedom_in_Nazrath_-_Mural_in_memory_of_murdered_Iranians_02.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]]
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Aida Rostami (Persian: آیدا رستمی; c. 1986 – Mọnde, Disemba 12, 2022) bụ dibiabia Iran dị afọ 36 nke ebubo na ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke Islamic Republic of Iran tọọrọ, tie ya n'ike ma gbuo ya maka ịgwọ ndị ngagharị iwe. ndị merụrụ ahụ n'oge ngagharị iwe Mahsa Amini.[1][2] N'ihi mmụba na-arị elu na ihe iyi egwu na ụlọ ọgwụ ndị Iran na ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike iji nyere ndị agha nchekwa aka n'etiti ngagharị iwe a, [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Aida Rostami apụtala dị ka onye na-akpali akpali n'etiti. ndị dọkịta jikọtara ya na ngagharị iwe Mahsa Amini [4] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Iran's doctors have joined the uprising — and are paying the price|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/11/10/iran-protests-mahsa-amini-hijab/|accessdate=2022-12-17}}</ref> {{Cite news|title=جامعه پزشکی آلمان درباره "فاجعه انسانی" و "امنیت جانی" مردم ایران هشدار داد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-64025017|accessdate=2022-12-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=اعتراضات ایران؛ رئيس انجمن پزشکان داخلی: سال ۵۷ هم اطلاعات بيماران را میخواستند|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-64016252|accessdate=2022-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title="صدها معترض در ایران بر اثر شلیک کور شدهاند"؛ ۲۳۰ چشمپزشک هشدار دادند|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-63693944|accessdate=2022-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Firouz Daneshgari: 'Night doctors' and other unsung heroes of the protests in Iran deserve our support|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-opinion-iran-protests-doctors-aida-rostami-20230104-ltk2mzsdf5ayto4ji5amhbgxxe-story.html|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=Chicago Tribune|date=January 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Jones|first=Charlie|date=2022-12-19|title=Iranian doctor dies after being tortured for treating anti-government protesters|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/iranian-doctor-dies-after-being-28772585|accessdate=2022-12-22|work=mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran Protests: Doctor, who treated injured anti-Hijab demonstrators, tortured and killed in Tehran|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/world/iran-protests-doctor-who-treated-injured-anti-hijab-demonstrators-tortured-and-killed|accessdate=2022-12-22|work=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=BTT|date=2022-12-17|title=Aida Rostami, a doctor treating insurgents in Iran tortured to death|url=https://businessturkeytoday.com/ayda-rustami-a-doctor-treating-insurgents-in-iran-tortured-to-death.html|accessdate=2022-12-22|work=Economy, Business, Politics and Travel in Turkey|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-17|title=Tehran: Aida Rostami, the doctor who treated injured protesters, tortured and killed|url=https://www.unionesarda.it/en/world/tehran-aida-rostami-the-doctor-who-treated-injured-protesters-tortured-and-killed-ln5fg0m0|accessdate=2022-12-22|work=L'Unione Sarda English|language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
E nweela ngagharị iwe mba niile na Iran mgbe ọnwụ nke nwanyị dị afọ 22, Mahsa Amini, onye e jidere ma gbuo mgbe ọ nọ n'aka ndị Guidance Patrol, ndị uwe ojii na-ahụ maka omume okpukpe nke Gọọmentị Iran, na Septemba 16, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Yee|first=Vivian|date=2022-09-26|title=Women Take Center Stage in Antigovernment Protests Shaking Iran|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/world/middleeast/women-iran-protests-hijab.html|accessdate=2022-12-17}}</ref> N'oge ngagharị iwe ndị a, ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke Islamic Republic gburu ọtụtụ narị ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ma jide ma merụọ ọtụtụ puku ndị ọzọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End the protest bloodshed in Iran|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/petition/end-the-protest-bloodshed-in-iran/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=Amnesty International|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Human Rights Council to investigate violence against Mahsa Amini protestors in Iran|url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2022/11/un-human-rights-council-to-investigate-the-violence-against-mahsa-amini-protestors-in-iran/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=www.jurist.org|date=November 25, 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ochab|first=Dr Ewelina U.|title=How Iran Underestimated The Outrage Over The Killing Of Mahsa Amini|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2022/11/24/how-iran-underestimated-the-outrage-over-the-killing-of-mahsa-amini/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> Ndị Iran ndị ndị uwe ojii merụrụ ahụ n'oge ngagharị iwe na-ezere ịchọ nlekọta n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị dị ize ndụ na mba ahụ n'ihi egwu nke ijide, ịta ahụhụ, ikpe, ma ọ bụ igbu ha. Ndị dọkịta dị njikere itinye onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ iji nyere ndị merụrụ ahụ aka na-agwọ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ebe ọrụ ha, n'ụlọ ndị na-emegide, ma ọ bụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Arraf|first=Jane|date=2022-11-17|title=Riddled With Metal Pellets, an Iranian Protester Heals in Hiding Abroad|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/world/middleeast/iran-protests-wounded.html|accessdate=2022-12-17}}</ref><ref name="Engelbrecht-NYT">{{Cite news|author=Engelbrecht|first=Cora|date=2022-11-19|title=Hundreds of Protesters in Iran Blinded by Metal Pellets and Rubber Bullets|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/19/world/asia/iran-protesters-eye-injuries.html|accessdate=2022-12-17}}</ref> Rostami na-agwọ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na Ekbatan nke Tehran na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ ndị ọzọ nke Tehran.{{Cite web|title=Tehran Doctor Tortured And Killed For Treating Wounded Protesters|url=https://iranwire.com/en/politics/111407-tehran-doctor-tortured-and-killed-for-treating-wounded-protesters/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=iranwire.com|language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe mere ==
N'uhuruchi nke Mọnde, Disemba 12, 2022, n'elekere asaa, Rostami kpọrọ nne ya site n'ụlọ ọgwụ Chamran, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ jụrụ nne ya ma ọ dị ya mkpa n'ụzọ ọ na-ala. Otú ọ dị, ọ lọtabeghị n'ụlọ. N'echi ya, ezinụlọ ya natara oku site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị na mpaghara Ekbatan nke Tehran, na-arịọ ka ha bịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ha natara akwụkwọ ozi na-agwa ha na Aida Rostami anwụọla n'ihi ihe mberede ma na-agwa ya ka ha wepụ ozu ya n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. Ezinụlọ ya hụrụ na ahụ ya nwere ihu gbajiri agbaji, aka gbajiri agbajiri, na anya aka ekpe enucleated. Dị ka akụkọ ọnwụ nke Forensics si kwuo, ihe siri ike na-akpata ọnwụ ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Tehran Doctor Tortured And Killed For Treating Wounded Protesters|url=https://iranwire.com/en/politics/111407-tehran-doctor-tortured-and-killed-for-treating-wounded-protesters/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=iranwire.com|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://iranwire.com/en/politics/111407-tehran-doctor-tortured-and-killed-for-treating-wounded-protesters/ "Tehran Doctor Tortured And Killed For Treating Wounded Protesters"]. ''iranwire.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=جسد آیدا رستمی، پزشک جوان هنگام تحویل آثار شکنجه داشته است|url=https://www.iranintl.com/202212172428|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=ایران اینترنشنال|date=December 17, 2022|language=fa}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=جزییات تازه از مرگ مشکوک آیدا رستمی، پزشک معترضین اکباتان|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/111398-%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=iranwire.com|language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=دکتر #آیدا_رستمی ۲۱ آذر از کلانتری #اکباتان تماس میگیرن با خانواده میگن تصادف کرده و فوت شده ...|url=https://twitter.com/shahrak_ekbatan/status/1603567180846702594|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=Twitter|language=fa}}</ref> Mgbe a jụrụ ha maka ihe siri ike a na-akọwaghị akọwa, ha kwuru na a ga-enye nkọwa mgbe e mesịrị. "Onye nyocha ahụike gwara ezinụlọ ya na e nyere ha iwu ka ha ghara ikpughe ezi ihe kpatara ọnwụ Aida. Ha kwuru na ọ nwụghị n'ihe mberede ụgbọala, ha gburu ya. "Ndị isi obodo nyochara ozu ya gwara IranWire na Disemba 16. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Killed Tehran Doctor: Family Pressured To Appear On TV, Lie About Cause Of Death|url=https://iranwire.com/en/politics/111441-killed-tehran-doctor-family-pressured-to-appear-on-tv-lie-about-cause-of-death/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=iranwire.com|language=en}}</ref> Otu onye ezinụlọ ya gwara IranWire, "Ọ gaghị ekwe omume na mgbe ị na-akwọ ụgbọala ma nwee ihe mberede, aka gị abụọ ga-agbaji, obi gị dị ala ga-emerụ, anya gị ga-apụta kpamkpam. "<ref name=":4" />
Na Disemba 16, 2022, Mizan, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke usoro ikpe nke Islamic Republic of Iran, kwuru na onye hụrụ Aida Rostami n'anya tụpụrụ ya n'elu àkwà mmiri.[1][2] Ndị ọchịchị Iran anabatala ụdị akụkọ a maka ụmụ agbọghọ ndị nwụrụ n'oge ngagharị iwe Mahsa Amini, dị ka Nika Shakarami..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran claims teen Nika Shakarami died in a fall. Her mom doesn't believe it, and either do protesters.|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-mahsa-amini-nika-shakarami-protests-teen-girl-killed-mom-says/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=www.cbsnews.com|date=October 7, 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Pourahmadi|first=Gianluca Mezzofiore, Katie Polglase, Adam|date=2022-10-27|title=What really happened to Nika Shahkarami? Witnesses to her final hours cast doubt on Iran's story|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/27/middleeast/iran-nika-shahkarami-investigation-intl-cmd/index.html|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref>
== Nzaghachi ==
Na Disemba 19, 2022, njikọ nke òtù ahụike ndị Germany katọrọ "mgbukpọ" nke Dr. Aida Rostami maka "inye nlekọta ahụike nye ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Die Ärztin #AidaRostami wurde ermordet, weil sie Protestierende medizinisch versorgte!|url=https://twitter.com/demokrat_aerzte/status/1604479742098526209|accessdate=2022-12-20|work=Twitter|language=de}}</ref> Ha biputara akwụkwọ ozi ghere oghe nye Chancellor Olaf Scholz, na-ekwupụta ịdị n'otu na ndị ọkachamara ahụike nke Iran na nchegbu ha siri ike "banyere ikike mmadụ na ọnọdụ ahụike na-eche ndị nkịtị nke Iran ihu" <ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|title=جامعه پزشکی آلمان درباره "فاجعه انسانی" و "امنیت جانی" مردم ایران هشدار داد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-64025017|accessdate=2022-12-20}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-64025017 "جامعه پزشکی آلمان درباره "فاجعه انسانی" و "امنیت جانی" مردم ایران هشدار داد"]. ''BBC News فارسی'' (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite>
[[Category:CS1 Persian-language sources (fa)]]</ref>
Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ nke usoro ahụike nke Iran gosipụtara na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ha ga-eme ngagharị iwe iji mee mkpesa maka ọnwụ Aida Rostam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=اعضای کادر درمان برای اعتصاب ۲۸ تا ۳۰ آذر در اعتراض به کشتهشدن آیدا رستمی فراخوان دادند|url=https://www.iranintl.com/202212179233|accessdate=2022-12-19|work=ایران اینترنشنال|date=December 17, 2022|language=fa}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Ọnwụ Mahsa Amini
* Ọnwụ Nika Shakarami
* Ọnwụ n'oge ngagharị iwe Mahsa Amini
== Ihe odide ==
quqsr4j8nckgrhf3nw4v7wrwwnwyd72
Angelina Acuña
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{{Databox}} María Angelina Acuña Sagastume de Castañeda (31 Jenụarị 1905 - 14 Juun 2006) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na uri nke Guatemala. Onye isi uri na obodo ya, amaara ya nke ọma maka ike ya n'ịchịkwa amaokwu oge gboo n'ime sonnet. Onye edemede Margarita Carrera kpọrọ Acuña "nwanna nwanyị na mmụọ nke Gabriela Mistral".<ref name="Gonzalez2014">{{Cite news|author=Gonzalez|first=Ana Lucia|title=Angelina Acuña: maestra del soneto|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/revista_d/Angelina_Acuna-maestra_del_soneto-poetisa_guatemalteca_0_1079892194.html|accessdate=30 May 2015|publisher=Prensa Libre|date=9 February 2014}}</ref>
== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ María Angelina Acuña Sagastume de Castañeda <ref name="awards">{{Cite news|title=Angelina Acuña|url=http://www.deguate.com/artman/publish/personajes_poetas/Angelina_Acu_a_727.shtml|accessdate=29 June 2015|publisher=de Guate|date=12 September 2004|language=Spanish}}</ref> na Jutiapa <ref name="DOB">{{Cite web|author=Nag|first=Leidy Maria|title=Angelina Acuña|url=http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Obras-De-Angelina-Acu%C3%B1a/1740193.html|work=Buenas Tareas|publisher=Buenas Tareas|accessdate=29 June 2015|language=Spanish|date=17 March 2011|archivedate=31 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531025333/http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Obras-De-Angelina-Acu%C3%B1a/1740193.html}}</ref> nke Francisco Acuña na Adela Sagastume of Acuña <ref name="parent's names">{{Cite web|title=Angelina Acuna Castaneda|url=http://www.leopl.com/estudios-sociales/5978/angelina-acuna-de-castaneda|work=Leo Prensa Libre|publisher=Leo Prensa Libre|accessdate=29 June 2015|language=Spanish|date=8 August 2011}}</ref> .
Ọ kwagara Guatemala City ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi nke Education Primary. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na akwụkwọ ozi na Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi dịka Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén na Instituto Nacional Centroamérica (INCA).[1] Ọ kụziri dị ka onye prọfesọ nleta na Florida Southern College (Lakeland, Florida).[2] Acuña malitere ibipụta uri n'afọ ndị 1930 ma bụrụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-ede uri na Guatemala, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ El Imparcial, akwụkwọ akụkọ nwanyị bụ Nosotras na-eduga, yana na nchịkọta ejikọta..<ref name="Finzer (2008)">{{Cite journal|author=Finzer|first=Erin S.|title=Poetisa Chic: Fashioning the Modern Female Poet in Central America, 1929-1944|journal=Dissertations Department of Spanish and Portuguese|date=August 2008|url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/4555/Finzer_ku_0099D_10150_DATA_1.pdf|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref>
O sonyere n'ọtụtụ asọmpi uri, merie ọtụtụ ihe nrite, dị ka ụzọ isi meghee ọnụ ụzọ maka mbipụta na iji asụsụ eme ihe nke ọma nyeere ya aka inwe ihe ịga nke ọma ma nweta nkwanye ùgwù na ọha mmadụ nke ka kwenyere na ọgụgụ isi ụmụ nwoke karịrị nke ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="Quirante (2014)">{{Cite web|author=Quirante|first=Gabriela|title=Investigación sobre Semilla de mostaza (1938) de Elisa Hall|url=http://investigacionsdmblog.blogspot.com/|work=Investigacion Semilla de mostaza|publisher=¿Quién dudó y quién duda?|accessdate=19 June 2015|language=Spanish|date=12 December 2014}}</ref>
N'adịghị ka ụfọdụ ndị edemede nwanyị Guatemalan ibe ya, dị ka Elisa Hall de Asturias onye kwụsịrị ide ihe n'ihi nhụsianya juru ebe niile n'oge ahụ, [1] ma ọ bụ Magdalena Spínola bụ onye chere ihu n'oge ọchịchị aka ike nke Jorge Ubico Castañeda, Acuña nwere ike ịchịkwa asụsụ na na-eji ụdị uri akọwa omenala na-egosighi na ọ bụ ihe iyi egwu.[2] Kama ịkwalite obodo nna nwere dike dị n'otu n'okpuru "Nna Chineke", Acuña mere ememe ịhụ mba ya site n'iji ihe atụ nke ọmụmụ nke nne ụwa kpalie mpako n'ala nna ya ma na-agwa ndị nna ochie nke oge ya n'enweghị esemokwu doro anya..
N'afọ 1938, o sonyere n'otu akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Colección lila ya na Olga Violeta Luna de Marroquín, [[María del Pilar de Garcia]], na Magdalena Spínola, nke bụ nchịkọta abụ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nke Central America, nke ụmụ nwanyị dere ma bipụta. O guzobere ma duzie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma bụrụ onye otu Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua . <ref name="parent's names" /> <ref name="Gonzalez2014" />
N'afọ 1944, ọ sonyeere otu ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere Elisa Hall nke Asturias, [[Berta Corleto]], [[Gloria Méndez]] Mina de Padilla, [[Rosa de Mora]], Irene de Peyré, na Graciela Quan iji guzobe ''Unión Femenina Guatemalteca Pro-ciudadanía'' (Union of Guatemalan Women for Citizenship) na-akwado nkwado nke ikike obodo ha, gụnyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe nnupụisi ọchịchị nke Guatemala na 1944 gasịrị, iwu ọhụrụ, nke e wepụtara na 1 Machị 1945 nyere ikike ịtụ vootu nye ụmụ amaala niile gụrụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="Rodríguez de Ita (2001)">{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez de Ita|first=Guadalupe|title=Participación Política de las Mujeres en la Primavera Democrática Guatemalteca (1944-1954)|journal=Participación política, persecución y exilio femenino al sur de la frontera mexicana (En la segunda mitad del siglo XX)|date=March 2001|volume=Chapter 8|url=http://historia.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/articulos/esp-genero/2parte/CAP8Guadalupe.htm|accessdate=19 June 2015|language=Spanish}}</ref>
== Ọnwụ ==
Acuña nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 101 n'ụlọ ya na obodo ya bụ Jutiapa, Guatemala .
== Onyinye ==
* 1960 Nwanyị nke Amerịka site na Pan American Union of Women na New York <ref name="Gonzalez2014" />
* 1960 Usoro nke Quetzal<ref name="Gonzalez2014" />
* 1974 Iwu nke Francisco Marroquín<ref name="Gonzalez2014" />
* Nkọwa nke Emeritus of Merit site na Faculty of Humanities na Mahadum San Carlos nke Guatemala <ref name="awards" />
* 2005 Quetzal nke Jade Maya, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke Quetzal na nke mbụ e nyere nwanyị <ref name="Jade Maya">{{Cite news|title=Angelina Acuña Castañeda|url=https://diariodelgallo.wordpress.com/2008/02/02/angelina-acuna-castaneda-biografia/|accessdate=29 June 2015|publisher=El Diario Del Gallo|date=2 February 2008|language=Spanish}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==
* Ụgbọ mmiri Ruth (1938)
* ''Onyinye Lirica na Guatemala'' (1939) <ref name="DOB" />
* ''Ka onye na-enweghị isi hie ụra'' (1952)
* Ememe Luciérnagas (1953)
* ''Nne Amerịka'' (1960)
* Ọkpụkpọ nke elu (1960)
* Abụ ịhụnanya na latitude marina (1968)
* ''Ekele nke soneto'' (1999)
== Ihe odide ==
6hd5ukpmsi4v3f3xdoljp968suydo69
Asụsụ Palaung
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{{Databox}}
[[Faịlụ:Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03945.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ihe odide De'ang]]
'''Palaung''' ma ọ bụ '''Ta'ang''' ( Burmese ), makwaara dị ka '''De'ang''' ( Chinese ; Burmese ), bụ ụyọkọ olumba Austroasiatic nke ihe karịrị ọkara nde mmadụ na-asụ na Burma ( Shan State ) na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu. E kewara ndị Palaung gaa na Palé (Ruching), Rumai, na Shwe, nke ọ bụla n’ime ha nwekwara asụsụ nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Waddington|first=Ray|year=2003|title=The Palaung|url=http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung|accessdate=3 May 2012|work=The Peoples of the World Foundation|language=en|archivedate=9 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109115439/http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Klose|first=Albrecht|title=Sprachen der Welt Ein weltweiter Index der Sprachfamilien, Einzelsprachen und Dialekte, mit Angabe der Synonyma und fremdsprachigen Äquivalente / Languages of the World: A Multi-lingual Concordance of Languages, Dialects, and Language-families|date=2001|publisher=K.G. Saur|isbn=3-598-11404-4|edition=2nd rev. and enl.|location=München|pages=403}}</ref> A na-akọ na asụsụ Riang enweghị nghọta ma ọ bụ naanị na ọ siri ike nghọta site n'aka ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo nke asụsụ Palaung ndị ọzọ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka; enwere ndị na-asụ Shwe 150,000 na 1982, ndị na-ekwu okwu Ruching (Palé) 272,000 na 2000, yana ndị na-asụ Rumai 139,000 na ụbọchị edekọghị. E kewara Palaung dị ka asụsụ "nwere nnukwu nsogbu" na ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger nke'' UNESCO . ''<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-2470.html|accessdate=2020-06-03|work=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Moseley|first=Christopher|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026.locale=en|title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|isbn=978-92-3-104096-2|language=en}}</ref>'' Olumba Rulai a na-asụ n'akụkụ Lashio na-enwe mgbanwe ụda olu mgbe niile yana ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị n'okwuokwu sitere na Ruching ''. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Myanmar|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archivedate=2016-10-10|work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}</ref>''
== Olumba ==
=== Yan na Zhou (2012) ===
Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ China na-ekewapụta ụdị "De'ang 德昂" (nke a na-asụkarị na Santaishan Ethnic De'ang Township 三台山德昂族乡, Mangshi na Junnong Township 军弄乡, Zhenkang County ) dị ka ndị a ( ''De'i zhian'' ). Aha ndị dị na IPA sitere na Yan & Zhou (2012:154–155)
* '''Bulei 布雷'''[ {{IPA|pule}} ] (ihe nnọchite anya data: Yunqian 允欠, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lùxī Shì Sāntáishān Dé'ángzú Xiāng Yǔnqiàn Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98248|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723212328/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98248|archivedate=2018-07-23|accessdate=2016-09-29|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> Mangshi ): a na-asụ na Luxi
** '''Bulei 布雷'''[ {{IPA|pule}} ] olumba
** '''Raojin 饶进'''[ {{IPA|raudʑĕŋ}} ] olumba
* '''Liang 梁'''[ {{IPA|liaŋ}} ] (data nnochite anya: Xiaochanggou 硝厂沟): a na-asụ na Longchuan na Ruili.
* '''Rumai 汝买'''[ {{IPA|romai}} ], ''{{IPA|roraumai}}'' ) (data nnochite anya: Yechaqing 叶茶箐): a na-asụ na Zhenkang na Baoshan.
Ndị De'ang 德昂 dị iche iche na-ezo onwe ha dị ka ''{{IPA|naʔaŋ}}'', [ {{IPA|daʔaŋ}} ], [ {{IPA|toʔaŋ}} ] na [ {{IPA|laʔaŋ}} ], dabere na olumba (Yan & Zhou 2012:154–155). Ọzọ De'ang autonym bụ ''{{IPA|ho (rau) khaoʔ}}'', ebe ''{{IPA|rau}}'' pụtara 'obodo'. Ndị Dai obodo na-ezo aka na De'ang dị ka ''{{IPA|po˧loŋ˧}}'' .
Liu (2006) depụtara nkuzi Palaungic atọ, ya bụ:
* Obodo Guangka, Obodo Mengxiu, Obodo Ruili (瑞丽市勐休乡广卡村); <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ruìlì Shì Měngxiù Xiāng Měngxiù Cūnwěihuì Guǎngkǎ Zìráncūn|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=96662|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013139/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=96662|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2016-10-09|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> [ {{IPA|ru˥ mai˦˩˨}} ]; tonal
* Obodo Mengdan, Obodo Santaishan (三台山勐丹村); <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lùxī Shì Sāntáishān Dé'ángzú Xiāng Měngdān Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98245|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013232/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98245|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2016-10-09|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> [ {{IPA|ʔaŋ}} ]; na-abụghị tonal
* Obodo Guanshuang, Obodo Mengman, Xishuangbanna (西双版纳州勐满乡关双村); <ref>{{Cite web|title=Měnghǎi Xiàn Měngmǎn Zhèn Guānshuāng Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=172883|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013225/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=172883|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2016-10-09|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> [ {{IPA|ar˧˩ vaʔ˩˧}} ]; ''tonal''
=== Ostapirat (2009) ===
Weera Ostapirat (2009:74) na-ahazi asụsụ Palaung dịka ndị a. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ostapirat|first=Weera|date=2009|title=Some Phonological Criteria for Palaung Subgrouping|url=https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JLC/article/view/20195|journal=Journal of Language and Culture|language=en|volume=28|issue=1|pages=63}}</ref> A na-enye nkọwapụta mgbanwe ụda na mbo.
; Palaung
* ''Ta-ang''
* Rumai-Darang (*-ɔŋ > -ɛŋ; *-uŋ > -ɨŋ)
** ''Rumai'' (*-r- > -j-)
** Ra-ang-Darang (*b, *d, *ɟ, *g > p, t, c, k)
*** ''Ra-ang''
*** Darang (*-na > -uan; *-r > -n)
**** ''Na-ang''
**** ''Darang''
**** ''Da-ang''
**** ''Dara-ang''
=== Shintani (2008) ===
Shintani (2008) matara olumba abụọ nke Palaung, ya bụ Southern Palaung na Northern Palaung. Nkwụsị ndịda Palaung anaghị ekwu okwu kwekọrọ na Northern Palaung kwuputara nkwụsị, nke ikpeazụ Shintani (2008) kwenyere na ọ bụ ndogide sitere na Proto-Palaungic. Asụsụ South Palaung nke Shintani mụrụ (2008) bụ nke:
* Obodo Kentung
* Obodo Waanpao (nke dị nso na Kengtung)
* Obodo Chengphong (nke dị nso na Kengtung)
* Obodo Loikhong (nke dị nso na Mängpeng)
* Mängküng
* Yassaw
* Kalaw
=== Deepadung et al. (2015) ===
Deepadung et al. (2015) <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Deepadung|first=Sujaritlak|date=2015|title=A Lexical Comparison of the Palaung Dialects Spoken in China, Myanmar, and Thailand|url=http://www.mksjournal.org/mks44sujaritlak.pdf|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|language=en|volume=44|pages=19–38|doi=10.15144/MKSJ-44.19}}</ref> kewaa olumba Palaung ka ndị a.
; Palaung
* '''Ta-ang''' : Namhsan, Khun Hawt, Htan Hsan
* (isi Palaung)
** '''Pule''' : Pang Kham, Man Loi, Meng Dan, Chu Dong Gua
** '''Dara-ang''' : Pan Paw, Noe Lae, Nyaung Gone, Pong Nuea (?), Xiang Cai Tang 香菜塘
** '''Rumai''' : Nan Sang, Guang Ka, Mang Bang
** ? Cha Ye Qing 茶叶箐
== fonology ==
Chen, et al. (1986) depụtara consonants ndị a maka Palaung:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
! Labial
! eze /<br /><br /><br /><br /> Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! rowspan="3" | Kwụsị
! voiceless
| p
| t
| tɕ
| k
| ʔ
|-
! aspirated
| pʰ
| tʰ
| tɕʰ
| kʰ
|
|-
! voiced
| b
| d
| dʑ
| ɡ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | imi
! voiced
| m
| n
| ɲ̟
| ŋ
| ˀn
|-
! voiceless
| m̥
| n̥
| ɲ̟̊
| ŋ̊
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nke na-ese okwu
! voiceless
| f
| s
| ɕ
|
| h
|-
! voiced
| v
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Rhotic
! voiced
|
| r
|
|
|
|-
!voiceless
|
| r̥
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Odika
! voiced
|
| l
| j
|
|
|-
! voiceless
|
| l̥
|
|
|
|}
Enwere ike ịnụ nke ikpeazụ /r/ dị ka ụda enweghị olu [ɹ̥], ma na-eso /u/ a na-anụ ya dị ka [ɫ̥].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!
! N'ihu
! colspan="2" | Azu
|-
! Mechie
| i
| ɯ
| u
|-
! Nso nso
| ɪ
| colspan="2" | ʊ
|-
! N'etiti
| e
| ɤ
| o
|-
! Oghere-etiti
| ɛ
| colspan="2" | ɔ
|-
! Mepee
| colspan="3" | ɑ
|}
Enwere ike ịnụ /ɤ/ n'okwu ngwa ngwa dị ka ụdaume etiti [ə], a na-anụkwa ya dị ka [ɤ] n'ebe ọzọ. /a/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka ihu [æ] tupu /k, ŋ/, na [ɛ] tupu /n, t/.
Dịka Shorto (1960) siri kwuo, /ɤ/ adịghị eme naanị ya n'ime mkpụrụokwu mgbakasị ahụ, kama ọ bụ naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu enweghị mgbakasị ahụ ma ọ bụ dịka onye nke abụọ nke diphthong. Enwekwara nnukwu ọnụọgụ diphthongs, gụnyere /eo/, /eɤ/, /aɤ/, /ɔɤ/, /oɤ/, /uɤ/, na /iɤ/.
Ọ bụ ezie na Milne (1921) gụnyere ụdaume /ü, ö, ɪ/ na ndegharị ya, Shorto (1960) ahụghị ihe ndị a dị ka fọnịm ụdaume n'ọrụ ya.
(Rịba ama na okwu ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n’okpuru na ngalaba Syntax sitere na Milne (1921 ), ya mere ihe nnọchi anya ụda olu ha nwere ike ịchọ ntụgharị.)
== Syntax ==
Ihe atụ ndị dị n'okpuru bụ ụdị Milne (1921).
=== Aha na nkebiokwu aha ===
Usoro nke ihe dị na nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ N - (onye nwe ya) - (gosipụta).
Tụlee ihe atụ ndị a:
{| class="wikitable"
|kpoɔn
| ai
| ihe
|-
| nwa
| anyi abuo
| nke a
|-
| colspan="10" | nwa anyi a
|}
=== Ndabere na nkebiokwu amụma ===
Shwe Palaung nwere amụma amụma, dịka na ọmụmaatụ na-esote.
{| class="wikitable"
|ta
| kwun
| hɔɔkhəm
|-
| ka
| nnukwu
| eze
|-
| colspan="10" | nye eze ukwu
|}
=== Ahịrịokwu ===
Nkejiokwu Shwe Palaung n'ozuzu nwere usoro okwu isiokwu-ngwaa-ihe (SVO).
{| class="wikitable"
|ihe
| di
| d͡ʒüür
| gaaŋ
|-
| ọ
| n'ọdịnihu
| zụta
| ụlọ
|-
| colspan="10" | Ọ ga-azụta ụlọ.
|}
== Ụtọ asụsụ ==
Mpempe okwu dị nkenke nke Rumai, ụdị dị iche iche nke Palaung, bụ Weymuth (2018) depụtara ya. Ngwaa dị na Rumai Palaung na-emegharị kwa oge, akụkụ na ọnọdụ.
== Usoro edemede ==
N'oge ọchịchị Briten na Bọma, ndị na-asụ Palaung ji script Shan dee asụsụ ha. <ref name=":04" /> Otu onye ozi ala ọzọ nke America webatara Palaung odide ọhụrụ na 1912, mana edemede ahụ enwetaghị ọnyà. <ref name=":04" />
N'afọ 1955, Paw San chepụtara edemede ọhụrụ maka asụsụ ahụ, onye isi obodo ahụ, Khun Pan Cing, nyere ya nrite ọla edo maka mbọ ya. <ref name=":04" /> Agbanyeghị, edemede ahụ ewepụghị usoro odide ndị ọzọ ejiri Palaung, ọkachasị n'ihi ikike nke ndị ọchịchị Shan. <ref name=":04" /> Site na 1967 ruo 1968, Kansụl Shan nwere nnọkọ na Taunggyi iji chepụta edemede ọhụrụ wee biri na edemede Burmese iji mee ka ederede Pali nweta ndị na-asụ Palaung. <ref name=":04" />
A nakweere ụdị edemede a ahaziri ahazi na 1972, a na-ejikwa ya ugbu a na agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị akwụkwọ na Shan State na Mandalay. <ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|author=Kojima|first=Takahiro|date=Autumn 2016|title=Palaung orthographies: writing and the politics of ethnicity in Shan State|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/127179/1/IIAS_NL75_FULL.pdf|journal=IIAS The Newsletter|issue=75|pages=38-39}}</ref> Dabere na mkpụrụedemede Burmese, ọ na-ejigide consonants Burmese niile wee webata ụfọdụ ngwakọta ụdaume ọhụrụ, consonant agbakwunyere (ႎ /v/), yana usoro nrịbama ụda zuru oke nke asụsụ Shan na-emetụta. <ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Jenny |first=Mathias |title=Writing systems of MSEA |date=2021-08-23 |work=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A comprehensive guide |pages=879–906 |editor-last=Sidwell |editor-first=Paul |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110558142-036/html |access-date=2024-12-06 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110558142-036 |isbn=978-3-11-055814-2 |editor2-last=Jenny |editor2-first=Mathias|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nke a na-enyere aka iji ụdị mbụ ha dee okwu Pali, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị ụda Palaung ka a na-anọchi anya ya. <ref name=":0" /> N'adịghị ka scripts maka Mon ma ọ bụ Burmese, edemede Palaung anaghị egosipụta ọkwa ochie nke asụsụ ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> Ọ na-ekerịta ụfọdụ atụmatụ na edemede Shan. <ref name=":0" /> A na-eji edemede ahụ eme ihe karịsịa maka ụdị Shwe na Rumai dị n'ebe ugwu Palaung, n'agbanyeghị na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmuta na-adịkarị ala n'ihi ọnụnọ nke asụsụ Shan na Burmese dị elu na mpaghara ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, otu obodo dị na Shan Steeti na Mandalay agbaala mbọ iji hazie ihe odide Palaung. <ref name=":0" />
A na-edekwa ụdị ndịda Palaung, Ruching site na iji edemede Tai Tham, ọ bụ ezie na agụmagụ dị ala, ma ugbu a na-asọmpi na edemede Burmese nwetara.
== Ihe atụ ederede ==
Akụkụ na-esonụ nke akụkọ dị na Shwe Palaung sitere na Milne (1921:146–147).
{| class="wikitable"
|Naaŋ̩
| rashöh,
| naaŋ
| jü
| grai
| ta
| kwun
| hɔɔkhəm
| naaŋ
| daah,
|-
| nwanyi
| teta
| nwanyi
| akụkọ: gara aga
| kwuru
| ka
| nnukwu
| eze
| nwanyi
| kwuo
|-
| colspan="10" | Ezenwanyị teta wee sị eze
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|ihe
| ka
| tọm
| rɪɪnpoo
| hlai
| ọ
| hụ
| khənjaa
| ihe
| ai
| lɔh
| shoktee
| haa
| ihe
|-
| oh
| neg
| mgbe
| nrọ
| ọbụna
| otu
| oge
| onye ọchịchị
| oh
| anyi abuo
| bia
| ngwa ngwa
| ebe
| nke a
|-
| colspan="14" | 'Oh, ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe m rọrọ nrọ (dị ka nke a) mbụ, oh Onye Ọchịchị, (ebe ọ bụ na) anyị abụọ bịara ebe a ibu ọnụ.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|Phadiiu
| nɔ
| la
| puru
| shəŋii,
| ɔɔ
| rɪɪnpoo
| kwun
| phii
| leeh
|-
| taa
| juputara
| nke ọma
| Asaa
| ụbọchị
| I
| nrọ
| nnukwu
| mmụọ
| gbadata
|-
| colspan="12" | Ụbọchị asaa gara aga, ahụrụ m nrọ na mmụọ nsọ ahụ dara
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|dɛ
| ɔɔ
| hɔɔm
| makmon
| kəm
| ŋaam
| hụ hnjo
|-
| nye
| m
| rie
| ogologo mango
| ọla edo
| ụtọ
| nke ukwuu
|-
| colspan="12" | o nyekwam ogologo mango ọla-edo ka m rie. Ha na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu. '
|}
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
=== Isi mmalite ===
== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://www.palaung-th.com Saịtị asụsụ Palaung Thailand]
* [http://www.palaung-ruch.com Saịtị asụsụ Palaung Ruch]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
1yw3jxrf2qp7etnimrkbvjal1wwicin
Asụsụ Pangkhu
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{{Infobox Language|name=Pangkhua|states=[[Bangladesh]]|region=Bilaichari, Jorachari, Barkal, & Baghaichari districts, and parts of Rangamati district.Chamdur valley and Adjacent hills in Lawngtlai district, Tlabung and West Phaileng subdivision.|speakers=3,200 in Bangladesh|date=2012|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]|fam3=[[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]] (?)|fam4=[[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga]]|fam5=[[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]|fam6=[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]|iso3=pkh}}
'''Pangkhua''' (Pangkhu), ma ọ bụ '''Paang''', bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke a na-asụ na Bangladesh . Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Pangkhu na-asụ asụsụ abụọ na Bengali, a na-eduzi ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ na Pangkhu n'asụsụ ahụ.
Ebe ọ bụ na e nweghị akwụkwọ na Pangkhua, ma e wezụga akụkọ ifo na abụ, ndị obodo Pangkhua na-eji akwụkwọ Lushai eme ihe. Enwere obere ọdịiche asụsụ n'etiti Pangkhua, Tlanglau, Falam Chin, [[Asụsụ Bawm|Bawm]] na Mizo . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kim|first=Amy|date=2011|title=The Kuki-Chin Communities of Bangladesh: A sociolinguistic survey|url=http://www-01.sil.org/SILESR/2011/silesr2011-025.pdf|journal=SIL International}}</ref>
== Olumba ==
Olumba nke obodo abụọ bụ isi na-eji Pangkhu, Bilaichari na Konglak na-ekekọrịta 88% nke isi okwu ha. Ndị bi na Pangkhua Para na-ezo aka n'obodo ha dị ka Dinthar (IPA: {{IPA|/d̪int̪ʰar/}} ; si Mizo ''d̪in'' 'stay' na Mizo na Pangkua ''t̪ʰar'' 'ọhụrụ')
== fonology ==
Pangkhu nwere fọnịm consonant iri abụọ na otu:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants nke Pangkhu
! colspan="2" |
! Bilabial
! Labio-eze
! eze
! Alveolar
! Post-alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2" | Kwụsị
! Enweghị olu
| , p <sup>h</sup> <ph>
|
| t̪ <t>, t̪ <sup>h</sup> <nowiki><th></nowiki>
|
|
|
| k, k <sup>h</sup> <kh>
| ( ʔ )
|-
! Ekwuru
| b
|
| d̪ <d>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nke na-ese okwu
! Enweghị olu
|
| f
|
| colspan="3" | s ~ ʃ
|
| h ʔ
|-
! Ekwuru
|
| v
|
| z
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Mmekọrịta
|
|
|
|
| t͡s <ch>
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Rhotic
|
|
|
| r
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Ihu imi
| m
|
|
| n
|
|
| ŋ <ng>
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Mmanya
| w
|
|
|
|
| j <y>
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | N'akụkụ
|
|
|
| l
|
|
|
|
|}
Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nanị nkwụsị na-enweghị olu na-enweghị isi, /h/, /r/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, na /l/ nwere ike ime na syllable coda. Mgbe nkwusi mere n'ọnọdụ coda, anaghị ahapụ ya nke ọma. Enwere ike ihichapụ mkpụrụedemede glottal fricative /h/ na mbido.
E nwekwara ụdaume ụdaume asaa:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! N'ihu
! Central
! Azu
|-
! Elu
| i
|
| u
|-
! N'etiti etiti
| e
|
|
|-
!N'etiti
|
| ə
|
|-
! Oghere-etiti
|
|
| ʌ
|-
! Dị ala
| ɑ
|
| ɒ
|}
Udaume [æ] na-eje ozi dị ka allophone nke /e/ na [o] na-eje ozi dị ka allophone nke /u/. Ọdịiche ogologo ụdaume na-eme naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi na diphthong. Enwere diphthong 9, ndị a bụ /ɑi/, /ɑu/, /ei/, /eu/, /əu/, /ou/, /iɑ/, /uɑ/, na /ui/. Diphthong na ụdaume dị ogologo ka a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime mkpụrụokwu ọzọ.
Nhazi mkpụrụokwu bụ isi nke Pangkhu bụ (C)(L)V(X), ebe L bụ consonant mpụta yana X bụrụ consonant coda.
Enwere ụda abụọ: ụda dị elu na ụda dị ala. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Akter|first=Zahid|title=A Grammar of Pangkhua|date=2024|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|location=Berlin, Boston|doi=10.1515/9783111387673}}</ref>
== Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ==
=== Mgbakwunye mpụta ===
==== Diminutive na augmentative ====
Augmentative ''-pui'' na diminutive ''-te'' nwere ike ịtinye n'okwu ndị ikwu iji gosi afọ ma ọ bụ nha.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Pangkhua mbelata na ihe mgbakwunye
! Mgbọrọgwụ
! Gloss
! Nke dị ntakịrị
! Augmentative
|-
| ''pɑ''
| nna
| ''pɑte'' 'nwanne nna nna'
| ''pɑpui'' 'oke nwanne nna'
|-
| ''nu''
| nne
| ''nute'' 'nwanne nne nke obere'
| ''nupui'' 'nwanne nke nne'
|-
| ''ihe''
| osisi
| ''thingte'' 'osisi-osisi'
| ''thingpui'' 'nnukwu osisi'
|-
| ''tui''
| mmiri
| ''tuite'' 'obere osimiri'
| ''tuipui'' 'osimiri'
|-
| ''kut''
| aka
| ''kutte'' 'obere mkpịsị aka'
| ''kutpui'' 'thumb'
|}
==== okike ====
Suffixes okike ''-pɑ'' na ''-mɑ'' nwere ike nweta onye nrụtụ aka ọhụrụ site na mgbọrọgwụ, dịka ọ dị na ''lɑl'' 'monarch', ''lɑlpɑ'' 'eze, na ''lɑlnu'' 'Queen'.
==== Negation ====
Negation -ləu nwere ike suffixed na mgbọrọgwụ iji gosi megidere ya, dị ka na ''dam'' 'ahụ ike' na ''damləu'' 'na-arịa ọrịa'.
=== Ụdị aha ===
Na Pangkhua, ọ bụ naanị aha mmadụ ka enwere ike ịka akara maka ọtụtụ yana naanị animate akara maka okike. Aha ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na-ekekọrịta ọrụ yiri nkwenye n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Aha relator
! Semantics
! Ụdị
! Gloss
|-
| Ebe
| ''eze''
| site
|-
|
| ''kung''
| 'si, nso'
|-
|
| ''laị''
| 'n'etiti'
|-
|
| ''ler''
| 'n'elu'
|-
|
| ''mang''
| 'n'ihu'
|-
|
| ''nuɑi''
| 'n'okpuru'
|-
|
| ''bụrụ abụ''
| 'n'ime'
|-
|
| ''chung''
| 'n'elu'
|-
|
| ''ọnụ''
| 'n'azụ, emechaa'
|-
| Nwa oge
| ''egwu/hun''
| 'n'oge'
|-
| Ntuziaka
| ''akang''
| 'site'
|-
| Mkpakọrịta
| ''iwu''
| 'na'
|-
| Ablative
| ''nke (k)''
| 'si'
|-
| bara uru
| ''(m̀) nke''
| 'maka'
|}
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==
{{Cite book|author=Akter|first=Zahid|title=A Grammar of Pangkhua|location=Berlin, Boston|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|date=2024|doi=10.1515/9783111387673}}
== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==
* {{Cite book|author=Hock|first=Hans Henrich|chapter=The languages, their histories, and their genetic classification|title=The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide|editor=Hans Henrich Hock|pages=9-240 [145]|location=Berlin, Boston|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|date=2016|doi=10.1515/9783110423303-003}}
* Akter, Zahid (2016). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20241103200207/http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2090/Zahid_Akter.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y The Endangerm]naanị aha mmadụ ka enwere ike ịka akara maka ọtụtụ yana naanị animate akara maka okike.naanị aha mmadụ ka enwere ike ịka akara maka ọtụtụ yana naanị animate akara maka okike.[https://web.archive.org/web/20241103200207/http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2090/Zahid_Akter.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ent and Documentation of the Pangkhua Language in Bangladesh]". In: ''EWUCRT Working Paper'' no 10. East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
* {{Cite book|author=DeLancey|first=Scott|chapter=Classifying Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan) languages|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A comprehensive guide|editor=Paul Sidwell|pages=207-224 [215-216]|location=Berlin, Boston|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|date=2021|doi=10.1515/9783110558142-012}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250219054114/https://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4971 Profaịlụ asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe egwu maka Panghku]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Asụsụ Kituba
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<references />
'''Kituba''' ( Kituba , Kituba ) bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị na Central Africa . Ọ bụ asụsụ creole dabere na [[Asusu Kongo|Kikongo]], asụsụ Bantu . Ọ bụ asụsụ obodo na [[Republic of the Congo]] na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] .
== Aha ==
A maara Kituba n'ọtụtụ aha n'etiti ndị na-asụ ya. Na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ a na-akpọ asụsụ ''Kikongo-Kituba'' .
Na [[Republic of the Congo]] a na-akpọ ya ''Munukutuba'', nkebi ahịrịokwu nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "M na-ekwu", na-eji na Republic's 1992 iwu. <ref name="RoCConstitution1992">{{Cite web|url=https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/cg1992.htm|language=fr|title=République du Congo: Constitution du 15 mars 1992|work=Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques|editor=Maury|publisher=[[Université de Perpignan]]|accessdate=14 December 2020}}</ref> Nke ikpeazụ ( ''Kituba'' ) pụtara "ụzọ ikwu okwu" <ref name="Mufwene">{{Cite book|first=Salikoko S.|author=Mufwene|chapterurl=https://mufwene.uchicago.edu/publications/KITUBA_KILETA_OR_KIKONGO.pdf|accessdate=2021-07-31|chapter=''Kituba'', or ''Kikongo''? What's in a name?|title=Le nom des langues III: Le nom des langues en Afrique sub-saharienne: pratiques, dénominations, catégorisations. Naming Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa: Practices, Names, Categorisations|editor=de Féral|date=2009|publisher=[[Peeters (publishing company)|Peeters]]|series=[[Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain|BCILL]]|isbn=9789042922709}}</ref> : 213 a na-ejikwa ya na iwu 2015. <ref name="RoCConstitution2015">{{Cite web|url=https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/cg2015.htm|language=fr|title=Congo: Constitution de 2015|work=Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques|editor=Maury|publisher=[[Université de Perpignan]]|accessdate=14 December 2020}}</ref>
Na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] a na-akpọ ya ''Kikongo ya leta'' ("Kikongo steeti" ma ọ bụ "Government Kikongo" <ref name="FSI">{{Cite book|author=Swift|first=Lloyd Balderston|title=Kituba: Basic Course|publisher=[[Foreign Service Institute]]|date=1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shUMfyjt1BYC&pg=PR10|oclc=877994|series=Foreign Service Institute Basic Course Series|editor=Hodge}}</ref> ), ma ọ bụ '''Kikongo de L'état''', dị mkpụmkpụ na ''Kileta'' . {{R|Mufwene}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 212">: 212 </span></sup>N'ụzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, a na-akpọkwa ya ''Kikongo'', karịsịa na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị [[Asusu Kongo|Kongo (Kikongo)]], <ref name="FSI" /> ya bụ Kwango na Kwilu Provinces. Iwu nke Democratic Republic of Congo depụtara "Kikongo" dịka otu n'ime asụsụ obodo. <ref name="DRCConstitution2006">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/cd/cd001fr.pdf|title=Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo|date=2006-02-18|work=Journal Officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo|language=fr|accessdate=14 December 2020}}</ref> <ref name="DRCConstitution2011">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/cd/cd008fr.pdf|title=Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo|date=2011-02-05|work=Journal Officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo|language=fr|accessdate=6 January 2021}}</ref> Kikongo a na-asụ n'akụkụ Lingala n'ime ime obodo bụ n'ezie Kituba. {{R|Mufwene}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">: 30 </span></sup>
There are also other historical names such as ''Kibula-matadi'' (literally "the stone-breaker's speech"),{{R|Mufwene}} (literally "be not", "it isn't so"),<ref name="Britannica">{{R|Mufwene}} ''Kikwango'',{{R|Mufwene}} and ''Kizabave''<ref>{{Cite book|author=Reinecke|first=John E.|chapter=Kituba (Lingua Franca Kikongo)|title=A Bibliography of Pidgin and Creole Languages|date=1975|series=Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications|pages=649–653|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|chapterurl=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20006662|accessdate=2021-07-31}}</ref> (literally "do not know"), but they have largely fallen out of use.
== Nkesa ala ==
[[Faịlụ:LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|350x350px| Maapụ olumba nke Kikongo na Kituba. NB: Kisikongo (nke ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ na-akpọkwa Kisansala) bụ Kikongo a na-asụ na Mbanza Kongo. Kisikongo abụghị protolanguage nke ụyọkọ asụsụ Kongo.]]
Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Kituba bi na Democratic Republic of Congo. A na-asụ ya dị ka asụsụ franca izizi na mpaghara Kongo Central, Kwango na Kwilu na nke dị ntakịrị na [[Kinshasa]], Mai-Ndombe na Kasai .
A na-asụ Kituba na ndịda nke Republic of Congo, na mpaghara Kouilou, Pointe-Noire, Niari, Bouenza, Lékoumou na isi obodo Brazzaville . [[Lingala]] ka ewu ewu na ugwu.
A na-asụkwa Kituba n'akụkụ ugwu nke Angola, ebe ọ bụ na mba ndị nke oge a na-agafe mpaghara ebo na alaeze oge ochie, na ugwu Angola na mpaghara Kwango nke Democratic Republic of Congo bụ mpaghara siri ike na-asụ Kituba.
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nghọta n'etiti onwe ha, e nwere ndịiche, tumadi n'okwu okwu, n'etiti mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo, na ndị ọzọ n'etiti Kituba a na-asụ n'ebe ahụ na nke a na-asụ na Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo).
== Ọkwa gọọmentị ==
Kituba bụ asụsụ obodo na Republic of Congo na Democratic Republic of Congo. Na omume okwu ''asusu obodo'' pụtara na ọ bụ asụsụ nchịkwa mpaghara, agụmakwụkwọ elementrị, na azụmaahịa.
Asụsụ obodo bụkwa nke a na-eji maka nzikọrịta ozi ọha na eze. Redio na telivishọn ọha na eze na Democratic Republic of Congo na na Republic of Congo na-eji Kituba dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ ha bụ isi maka akụkọ mgbede. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED412731.pdf|language=fr|title=Langues et education en Afrique noire|year=1997|author=PY Esther|work=The Educational Resources Information Center(Eric), Institut de Linguistique, Universite Neuchatel, Suisse|accessdate=19 January 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7F4H0oj_aQ0|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/7F4H0oj_aQ0|archivedate=2021-12-21|language=fr|title=RDC INFO DU 24/05/2012 EN KIKONGO (Correction: KIKONGO YA LETA)|year=2012|work=TELE50|accessdate=19 January 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nVHMM_He8o8|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/nVHMM_He8o8|archivedate=2021-12-21|language=fr|title=INFO EN KIKONGO (Correction: KIKONGO YA LETA) – 21 MARS 2012|year=2012|work=RTNC|accessdate=19 January 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=qdgDTpRoJEs|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/qdgDTpRoJEs|archivedate=2021-12-21|language=Fr|title=JOURNAL EN LANGUE NATIONALE DU CONGO KITUBA 19 03 2014|year=2014|work=MNTV|accessdate=19 January 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
! Ahụrụ m gị n'anya na kituba
|-
| Mu (ma ọ bụ Munu, Mono) zola nge / Munu me zola nge / Mu me zola nge / Me zola nge / Mono (ma ọ bụ Mu, Munu) ke zola nge
|}
=== Aha aha ===
Kituba echekwawo ma buru ibu klas aha nke agbụrụ Kikongo nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Klas nke 9 na nke 11 ejikọtara ọnụ na klaasị otu nwere prefix efu, yana ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eji ''prefix'' klaasị ọtụtụ.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" align="center" |Singular
! colspan="3" align="center" |Plural
|-
!Class
!Prefix
!Example
!Class
!Prefix
!Example
|-
|0
|–
|mama ('''mother'')
|2
|ba-
|bamama (''mothers'')
|-
|1
|mu-
|muntu (''person'')
|2
|ba-
|bantu (''people'')
|-
|3
|mu-
|mulangi (''bottle'')
|4
|mi-
|milangi (''bottles'')
|-
|5
|di-
|dinkondo (''banana'')
|6
|ma-
|mankondo (''bananas'')
|-
|7
|ki-
|kima (''thing'')
|8
|bi-
|bima (''things'')
|-
|9
|n-/m-
|nkosi (''lion'')
|2+9
|ba-n-
|bankosi (''lions'')
|-
|11
|lu-
|ludimi (''tongue'')
|2+11
|ba-lu-
|baludimi (''tongues'')
|-
|12
|ka-
|kakima (''trifle'')
|13
|tu-
|tubima (''trifles'')
|-
|14
|bu
|bumbote (''goodness'')
|-
|15
|ku-
|kubanza (''to think, thinking'')
|}
=== Ngwaa ===
Kituba nwere usoro ọnụ okwu mepere emepe nke ọma gụnyere ụda ụtọasụsụ na akụkụ . Ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaa nwere ogologo na nkenke nsụgharị. A na-eji ụdị ogologo ahụ eme ihe na nzikọrịta ozi ederede ebe ndị dị mkpụmkpụ etolitela maka nkwurịta okwu.
A na-egosi njikọ ngwaa ma ọ bụ (ịbụ) na-adịghị agafe agafe na tebụl dị n'okpuru. Ọ bụ naanị ngwaa na-adịghị mma na Kituba.
{| class="wikitable"
!Nsogbu
! Ogologo ụdị
! Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ
! Ọmụmaatụ
! Ntụgharị asụsụ
|-
| '''Ugbu a na ọdịnihu dị nso'''
| kele
| ke
| ''Yau kele nkosi.''
| Ọ bụ ọdụm.
|-
| '''Ọdịnihu'''
| kele/ata kuv(u) anda
| ke/ta v(u) anda
| ''Mu ta vuanda tata.''
| M ga-abụ nna.
|-
| '''Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a'''
| kele kuv(u)andaka
| ke v(u)andaka
| ''Nge ke vuandaka zoba.''
| Ị na-abụ onye nzuzu.
|-
| '''Ọdịnihu na-aga n'ihu'''
| ata kuv(u)andaka
| ta v(u)ndaka
| ''Beno ta vuandaka ya kukuela.''
| Ị ga-alụ.
|-
| '''Gara aga'''
| v (u) na
|
| ''Yandi vuanda kuna.''
| Ọ nọ ebe ahụ.
|-
| '''gara aga na-aga n'ihu'''
| v(u) aka
|
| ''Beto vuandaka banduku.''
| Anyị na-abụbu enyi.
|-
| '''Zuru oke gara aga'''
| mene kuv(u) and
| m v(u) anda
| ''Yandi me vuanda na Matadi.''
| Ọ nọ na Matadi.
|-
| '''gara aga zuru oke na-aga n'ihu'''
| mene kuv(u)andaka
| me v(u)ndaka
| ''Ọdịiche m nwere ike ime.''
| Ọ bụbu onye nkuzi.
|}
Ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ niile ka ejikọrọ site n'enyemaka ngwaa inyeaka. E gosipụtara njikọ nke ngwaa (ime) na tebụl dị n'okpuru.
{| class="wikitable"
!Nsogbu
! Ogologo ụdị
! Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ
! Ọmụmaatụ
! Ntụgharị asụsụ
|-
| '''Ugbu a na ọdịnihu dị nso'''
| kele nso
| ka sala
| ''Yandi ke sala.''
| Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. / Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ.
|-
| '''Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a'''
| kele nsolaka
| ke salaka
| ''Yandi ke salaka.''
| Ọ na-arụ ọrụ.
|-
| '''Gara aga'''
| salaka
| salaka
| ''Yandi salaka.''
| Ọ rụrụ ọrụ.
|-
| '''Oge gara aga'''
| mee sala
| m sala
| ''Naanị m sala.''
| Ọ rụọla ọrụ.
|-
| '''Ngwa ngwa gara aga na-aga n'ihu'''
| mene salaka
| m salaka
| ''Ya mere m udo.''
| Ọ na-arụ ọrụ.
|-
| '''gara aga na-aga n'ihu'''
| vuandaka kusala
| na sala
| ''Ọdịiche dị egwu.''
| Ọ na-arụbu ọrụ.
|-
| '''Akụkọ'''
| sala
| sala
|-
| '''Ọdịnihu'''
| atọ sala
| ta sala
| ''Yandi ta sala.''
| Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ.
|-
| '''Ọdịnihu na-aga n'ihu'''
| atọ salaka
| ta salaka
| ''Yandi ta salaka.''
| Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ.
|}
== Olu ==
Suffix na-egosi olu na-agbakwunye mgbe mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa na tupu suffix na-egosi ike.
Ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ "ila", na-egosi omume n'ebe mmadụ nọ, na "ana", na-egosi imekọ ihe ọnụ ma ọ bụ nkwughachi:
Ịgụ "ịgụ", Tangila "gụọ gaa na", Tangilaka "gụọ gaa" ( gara aga)
Sadisa "iji nyere aka", Sadisana "na-enyere ibe ya aka", Sadisanaka "nyere ibe ya aka (n'oge gara aga)
== Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ==
E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Kituba-English-French nke ọkà mmụta asụsụ Harold W. Fehderau, Ph.D., chịkọtara na 1969. Ọ dịghị ebe niile.
== Lexicon ==
Otutu okwu Kituba sitere na [[Asusu Kongo|Kikongo]] . Asụsụ Bantu ndị ọzọ emetụtawokwa ya, gụnyere Kiyaka, [[Asụsụ Mbala|Kimbala]], [[Asụsụ Nsongo|Kisongo]], Kiyansi, [[Lingala]], na [[Swahili language|Swahili]] . Na mgbakwunye, ejirila [[Asụsụ French|French]], Portuguese, na [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] agbaziri ọtụtụ okwu. Ndị a gụnyere:
* sanduku (Swah. sanduku) "igbe", okwu Swahili sitere na Arabic صندوق (ṣandūq)
* matáta (Swah. matata) "nsogbu"
* letá (Fr. ''l'état'' ) "steeti"
* kamiyó (Fr. ''camion'' ) "ụgbọ ala"
* sodá/solodá (Fr. ''soldat'' ) "onye agha"
* masínu (Fr. ''igwe'' ) "igwe"
* mísa (Port. ''missa'' ) "mass"
* kilápi (Port. ''lápis'' ) "pen"
* katekisimu (Eng. ''catechism'' )
* bóyi (Eng. ''houseboy'' )
* sapatu (Port. ''sapato'' ) "akpụkpọ ụkwụ"
* mesa (Port. ''mesa'' ) "tebulu"
* dikopa (Port. ''copa'' ) "iko"
* simisi (Fr. ''chemise'' ) "uwe elu"
Nkeji edemede 1 nke nkwupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike mmadụ tụgharịrị ka ọ bụrụ:
: ''Bantu nyonso, na mbutukulu kevwandaka na kimpwanza ya bawu, ngenda mpe baluve ya mutindu mosi.'' ''Mayela na mbanzulu ke na bawu, ni yawu yina bafwana kusalasana na bumpangi.''
: "A mụrụ ụmụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha nhata na ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha na mmụọ nke nwanne." <ref name="OHCHR1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/kikongo-ya-letat-kikongokituba|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Kituba (i.e. Kikongo ya Leta)|work=OHCHR|language=en|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref>
== Akwụkwọ ==
Na 2018, akwụkwọ ( ''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela: Mbandu ya luzingu'' nke Protais Yumbi) nke edere na Kikongo ya Leta bụ onye a họpụtara maka Grand Prix of Literary Associations . <ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2019|title=Un Livre En Kikongo Parmi Les Nominés|url=https://www.camer.be/73934/11:1/afrique-gpal-2018-un-livre-en-kikongo-parmi-les-nomines-africa.html}}</ref> <ref name="Nzoi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.editions-nzoi.org/spip.php?article21|title=Protais Yumbi, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela:Mbandu ya luzingu (1918–2013)|work=Nzoi|language=fr|date=20 June 2018|accessdate=28 July 2020}}</ref> Akwụkwọ abụ, ''Bankunga ya Kintwadi'' (Abụ nke Mmekọrịta) ka ndị Mennonite Brethren Mission bipụtara na 1988. Ọtụtụ okpukpe Protestant na-eji ya eme ihe. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị akwụkwọ na akụkọ asụsụ Kituba bụ Mwinda Project nke ọ bụla Child Ministries' bipụtara. Ndị a na-agụnye isiokwu ndị kwuru banyere mmụta Ndị Kraịst, ihe ọmụmụ Bible maka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa, ọzụzụ ndị nkụzi, ahụike, na isiokwu ndị ọzọ. Ndị a dị n'ịntanetị yana n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọba akwụkwọ dị na Democratic Republic of Congo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mwindaproject-ecm.com/free-kituba-language-Bible-teaching-resources-for-you/|title=92 Free Kituba language Bible teaching resources for you | Congo Mwinda Project|date=30 January 2023}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* [[Asụ Congo|Habla Congo]], na Cuba
== Ntụaka ==
<references />
== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==
* Diener, Ingolf; Maillart, Diana. (1970). Petit okwu Francais-Anglais-Munukutuba. Pointe-Noire.
* Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, ''Parlons munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République démocratique du Congo, Angola,'' Paris, Mbipụta L'Harmattan, 2019, peeji 426.
* Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, ''Pour une histoire du munukutuba, langue bantoue,'' Paris, Mbipụta L'Harmattan, 2019, ibe 130.
* Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, ''Grammaire et lexique munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République Démocratique du Congo, Angola,'' L'Harmattan, 2009, 344 p. (<nowiki>ISBN 2296226736</nowiki> et 9782296226739, presentation en ligne, lire en ligne).
* Khabirov, Valeri. (1990). Monokutuba. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu linguistic Encyclopedic. Moscow. "Encyclopedia Soviet". P. 309-310 (Na Russian)
* Fehderau, H., 1966. ''Mmalite na mmepe nke Kituba'' . Akwụkwọ edemede PhD, Mahadum Cornell.
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://mufwene.uchicago.edu/publications/KITUBA_KILETA_OR_KIKONGO.pdf Weblink]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20251030061838/http://www.learn101.org/kongo.php Mụta Kituba (Kikongo ya leta) na Mụta101]
* [http://ilanguages.org/kongo.php Mụta Kituba (Kikongo ya leta) na asụsụ]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
3nkuyrffluxwqipvfcdi0nlveqp7f6l
Asụsụ cuman
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'''Cuman''' ma ọ bụ '''Kuman''' (nke a na-akpọ '''Kipchak''', '''Qypchaq''' ma ọ bụ '''Polovtsian''', nke a na-akpọ onwe ya '''Tatar''' ( {{Lang|qwm|tatar til}} ) na Codex Cumanicus ) <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans|author=Florin Curta|year=2007}}</ref> bụ asụsụ Turkic West Kipchak nke ndị Cuman (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) na Kipchaks na-asụ; asụsụ ahụ yiri asụsụ dị iche iche nke alaka West Kipchak taa. Edere Cuman na ọrụ ochie, gụnyere Codex Cumanicus, na n'ihe odide ọgbara ọhụrụ, dị ka akwụkwọ ndetu onye mọnk Benedictine Johannes ex Grafing. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Knauer|first=Georg Nicholaus|title=The Earliest Vocabulary of Romani Words (c. 1515) in the Collectanea of Johannes ex Grafing, a student of Johannes Reuchlin and Conrad Celtis|journal=[[Romani Studies (journal)|Romani Studies]]|date=2010|volume=20|issue=1|pages=1–15|doi=10.3828/rs.2010.1}}</ref> Ọ bụ asụsụ a na-asụ n’Ebe Etiti na [[Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke|Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe]] bụ́ nke hapụrụ ọtụtụ ihe nketa akwụkwọ. Asụsụ ahụ ghọrọ isi asụsụ ( linga franca ) nke Golden Horde . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Memorials-En.htm|title=Turkic written memorials|work=Old.unesco.kz|accessdate=27 July 2019|archivedate=13 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013095659/http://old.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Memorials-En.htm}}</ref>
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ndị Cuman bụ ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị bi na steepụ nke [[Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke|Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe]], n'ebe ugwu nke Oké Osimiri Ojii, tupu Golden Horde . Ọtụtụ ndị Turkic gụnyere Crimean Tatars, Karachays, Kumyks, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks na Balkars, Manavs sitere na ndị Cuman. Taa, ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a dị iche iche nke alaka Kipchak na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche metụtara asụsụ Cuman. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yilmaz|first=Adil|date=2018|title=Bızans'in Anadolu'ya Yerleştırdığı Son Türkler|url=https://www.academia.edu/36801899|journal=Eski̇çağ Araştirmalari Dergi̇si̇|language=tr|issue=3|pages=29–32}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=YALAKOVA'DAN YALOVA'YA Prof. Dr. Halil İnalcık Anısına Yalova Tarihi Araştırmaları|url=http://www.yalovaozelidare.gov.tr/kurumlar/yalovaozelidare.gov.tr/Tasarim/yayinlarimiz/6_Yalakova_dan-Yalova_ya-Kitap-Metni.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anadolu'ya yerleştirilen Kumanlar (Manavlar)|url=http://m.belediyehaberleri.com.tr/yazarlar/ekrem-hayri-peker/anadoluya-yerlestirilen-kumanlar-manavlar/369#:~:text=Kumanlar%C4%B1n%20di%C4%9Fer%20ad%C4%B1%20K%C4%B1p%C3%A7ak't%C4%B1r,Anadolu'ya%20yerle%C5%9Ftirildikleri%20de%20yazmaktad%C4%B1r.|accessdate=2025-03-20|archivedate=2025-08-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831143126/https://m.belediyehaberleri.com.tr/yazarlar/ekrem-hayri-peker/anadoluya-yerlestirilen-kumanlar-manavlar/369#:~:text=Kumanlar%C4%B1n%20di%C4%9Fer%20ad%C4%B1%20K%C4%B1p%C3%A7ak't%C4%B1r,Anadolu'ya%20yerle%C5%9Ftirildikleri%20de%20yazmaktad%C4%B1r.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Acar|first=Kenan|title=GAGAVUZ TÜRKÇESİ İLE KOCAELİ YERLİ (MANAV) AĞIZLARI ARASINDAKİ PARALELLİKLER, 2022, VI. Uluslararası Türklerin Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu, PARALLELS BETWEEN GAGAVUZ TURKISH AND KOCAELİ NATİVE TURK (MANAV) DİALECTS, Kenan Acar, 2022, VI. International Turkish World Social Sciences Symposium|work=VI. Uluslararası Türklerin Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu|date=January 2022|url=https://academia.edu/resource/work/90576741}}</ref>
Ndị Cuman-Kipchaks nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Anatolia, [[Kazakhstan]], [[Yukrain|Ukraine]], [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]], Georgia, [[Hungary]], [[Romania]] (lee, dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro ndị eze Basarab ), Moldavia, Bessarabia na [[Bulgaria]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/bahasantara/sun-language-theory-part-2-the-steppes-of-tartary-tatar-bashkir-kazakh-kyrgyz-acfe3793938b|title=Sun Language Theory, Part 2: The Steppes of Tartary (Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Kyrgyz)|author=Sun|first=Kevin|date=2019-04-07|work=Medium|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-17}}</ref> <ref name="Ayönü">{{Cite journal|author=Ayönü|first=Yusuf|date=August 2012|title=Bati Anadolu'dakı Türk Yayilișina Karși Bızans İmparatorluğu'nun Kuman-Alan Topluluklarini Balkanlardan Anadolu'ya Nakletmesi|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1267764|journal=Belleten|language=tr|volume=76|issue=276|pages=403–418|doi=10.37879/belleten.2012.403|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rustam M. Shukurov|title=Latent Turkification of Byzantium (ca. 1071–1461)|url=https://www.doaks.org/research/byzantine/fellows/shukurov-2004-2005|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Dimitri Korobeinikov|date=2015|title=The Cumans in Paphlagonia|url=https://www.academia.edu/22592533|journal=Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi|issue=18|pages=29–44}}</ref>
Radlov kwenyere na n'etiti asụsụ ndị a na-asụ ugbu a, Cuman kacha nso n'asụsụ Mishar nke asụsụ Tatar . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Публикация ННР О языке куманов: По поводу издания куманского словаря|url=http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10085556|accessdate=2023-07-03|work=books.e-heritage.ru|archivedate=2023-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105181632/http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10085556}}</ref>
== Ihe atụ ==
Site n'akwụkwọ a maara dị ka ''Codex Cumanicus'', Cuman Kipchak Turkic Pater Noster (nke e degharịrị na mkpụrụedemede Turkic nkịtị ):
== Hụkwa ==
* [[Asụsụ Mamluk-Kipchak|Mamluk-Kipchak]]
* [[Asụsụ Armen-Kipchak|Armeno-Kipchak]]
== Ntụaka ==
ugwu nke Oké Osimiri Ojii, tupu Golden Horde . Ọtụtụ ndị Turkic gụnyere Crimean Tatars, Karachays, Kumyks, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks{{Reflist}}
== Isi mmalite ==
* Güner, Galip (2013), Kıpçak Türkçesi Grameri, Kesit Press, Istanbul.
* Mustafa Argunşah, Galip Güner (2015), Codex Cumanicus, Kesit Yayınları, İstanbul.
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121016110753/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-cuman.html Ederede na Ukrainian Cuman]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231448/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-cuman-hungary.html Ekpere Onye-nwe na Hungarian Cuman]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174735/http://www.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Memorials-En.htm Akwụkwọ edemede Kipchak Middle Age]
5fs0zm2dyc9a2tvbyvjxkwv2te1pbah
Amobi Yinusa Akintola
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Amobi Yinusa Akintola bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjiria. O jere ozi dị ka onye otu na-anọchite anya Avedire/Iwo/Ola-Oluwa Federal Costiturecy n'ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya. Amụrụ na 1962, o si Osun steeti. A họọrọ ya n'ụlọ nzukọ na ntuli aka nke afọ 2019 n'okpuru ihe niile na-aga nzukọ ọgbakọ (APC).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Voice|first=The People's|title=Oyetola Developmental Achievements Is Responsible For His Victory - Hon. Amobi Yinusa|url=https://www.thepeoplesvoice.com.ng/2022/02/oyetola-developmental-achievements-is.html?m=1|accessdate=2025-01-08|work=The People's Voice|archivedate=2025-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126004421/https://www.thepeoplesvoice.com.ng/2022/02/oyetola-developmental-achievements-is.html?m=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/yinusa-akintola-amobi|accessdate=2025-01-08|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-12|title=HON. YINUSA AKINTOLA AMOBI HOST THE MANAGEMENT OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IWO AT HIS CONSTITUENCY OFFICE. – FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION IWO|url=https://fceiwo.edu.ng/2020/02/22/2019-2020-application-exercises-closed/|accessdate=2025-01-08|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105124307/https://fceiwo.edu.ng/2020/02/22/2019-2020-application-exercises-closed/}}</ref>
== Edensibịa ==
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
2nk6kezc46opts8t9ncvlk4risgaaom
Asụsụ Gorowa
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{{Infobox Language|name=Gorowa|states=[[Tanzania]]|region=[[Dodoma]], [[Manyara Region|Manyara]]|speakers={{sigfig|113,000|2}}|date=2009|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic|fam2=[[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]]|fam3=[[South Cushitic languages|South]]|fam4=[[South Cushitic languages|Rift]]|fam5=[[South Cushitic languages|West Rift]]|fam6=[[South Cushitic languages|NW Rift]]|fam7=[[South Cushitic languages|Iraqwoid]]|iso3=gow}}
'''Gorowa''' bụ asụsụ Cushitic a na-asụ na [[Tanzania]] na mpaghara Dodoma na Manyara.
A makwaara ya dị ka Fiome, Goroa, Gorwaa, Kimbulu, Ufiomi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Harvey|first=Andrew|date=2019|title=Gorwaa (Tanzania) -- language contexts.|journal=Language Documentation and Description|volume=16|pages=127–168}}</ref>
N'ime afọ 2014, ihe dị ka mmadụ 79,000 (ihe dị ka 60% nke ndị agbụrụ) na-asụ asụsụ a kwa ụbọchị. Ndị na-asụ Gorwaa ndị agadi nọ n'ime ime obodo na-enwekarị mmasị n'asụsụ ha ma nyekwa aka n'ọtụtụ data gụnyere egwu, akụkọ ọdịnala, okwu ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, wdg. Ụfọdụ na-eji exonym Mbulu (nke sitere na nnukwu obodo Iraqw) na-ekwu na ha na-asụ Kimbulu; Otú ọ dị, nke a ka bụ asụsụ Gorwaa. Ịgbanwe koodu na Swahili bụ ebe niile. Ndị na-eto eto na-ekwu okwu na-etinye aka na akwụkwọ nke Gorwaa abụrụla ndị nchọpụta ma chee na ha nwere ọrụ ahụ.
Ihe atụ nke ederede Gorwaa dị ụkọ, ma gosipụta ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị iji orthography nke Iraqw maka nkwurịta okwu ederede Gorwaa.
== Hụkwa ==
* Ndị Gorowa
== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://elar.soas.ac.uk/Collection/MPI1014224 Njikọ na akwụkwọ ELAR nke Gorwaa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250911073805/https://www.andrewdtharvey.com/index.php/gorwaa/ Nkwupụta dị mkpirikpi maka Gorwaa site n'aka Andrew T. Harvey]
* [https://www.elararchive.org/dk04040643/ Ihe ndekọ nke asụsụ na ọdịbendị sitere n'aka ndị Gorwaa nke Babati]
* [https://doreco.huma-num.fr/languages/goro1270 Gorwaa DoReCo corpus] nke Andrew Harvey chịkọtara. Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke ederede akụkọ na transcriptions oge-dabere na ọkwa ekwentị, nsụgharị, na oge-dabara morphological annotations.
{{Cushitic languages}}
nhqhfof7cglstpka00mdh09kr4movjj
Herman Bouwer
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[[Faịlụ:Groundwater_flow.svg|thumb|Usoro okike nke mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na recharge]]
Herman Bouwer (1927–2013) bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị gbasara mmiri[1] onye rụrụ ọrụ na mmiri mmiri dị n'ime ala na njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri, yana ọkachamara na mpaghara Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). A mụrụ ya na Netherlands wee kwaga United States na 1952 ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ maka PhD na Mahadum Cornell. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na US Water Conservation Laboratory, US Dept. of Agriculture, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi site na 1972 ruo 1990. Mgbalị nyocha ya na-akọwapụta na ịmegharị mmegharị nke mmiri na ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri na mpaghara vadose na mmiri ala mere ka ubi na usoro nyocha nke a na-eji na sayensị mmiri dị n'ime ala. O dere ma ọ bụ kwadoo ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 300 wee dee akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Groundwater Hydrology.<ref name="UAWRRC">{{Cite web|author=Eden|first=Susanna|title=Water Community Loses Two Leaders|url=https://wrrc.arizona.edu/community-loses-leaders|work=University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="UAWRRC" /><ref> Bouwer, H. 1978. ''Groundwater Hydrology''. New York: McGraw-Hill.</ref>
Dị ka onye na-ahụ maka mmiri, a na-ekwu na Bouwer bụ "otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti injinia, physics ala, na hydrogeology.
== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Herman Bouwer ma zụlite ya na Haarlem, Netherlands, na 1927, ọ bụkwa onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị Germany n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.<ref name="GW">{{Cite journal|author=Bouwer|first=Herman|title=About Herman Bouwer|journal=Ground Water|date=September–October 2003|volume=41|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02409.x|pmid=13678125|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A134044078/AONE?u=nysl_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=991c363c|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref>
Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Bouwer debanyere aha na Mahadum Agricultural na Wageningen, Netherlands, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta BS na akara MS na drainage na irrigation na 1952. Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Cornell University, o mere nyocha na otu esi agbapu ala mmiri nke Central New York wee nweta PhD ya na ọrụ ugbo na injinia obodo na agronomy na 1955. <ref name="AHS">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Herman Bouwer, Ph.D|url=http://ahsfoundation.org/internships/phoenix/bouwer|work=Arizona Hydrological Society Foundation|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="GWM&R">{{Cite journal|title=Newsmakers: In Memoriam, National Ground Water Association Life Member Award recipient Herman Bouwer, PhD of Tempe, Arizona|journal=Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation|date=November 2013|volume=33|issue=4|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=92017130&site=eds-live&scope=site|accessdate=12 May 2023}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Ọ nabatara ọkwa ngalaba na Ngalaba Injinia Agricultural na Mahadum Auburn, <ref name="LE">{{cite news |title=Bouwer to Present Paper at Meeting |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/860067621/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1 |access-date=12 May 2023 |publisher=Ledger-Enquirer |date=13 December 1959}}</ref> ebe ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye injinia na-arụkọ ọrụ ugbo maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Auburn Agricultural Experiment.<ref> Bouwer, H., 1961. "Double Tube Method for Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil in situ Above a Water Table". ''Soil Sci. Soc. Proc.'' 25:334–339</ref> Na Auburn, o mere nyocha banyere unsaturated eruba site na iji ihe mgbochi netwọk analogs iji dozie nsogbu physics ala tupu mmepe nke nyocha na ụdị ọnụọgụ na sayensị mmiri ala na 1970s na 1980.<ref>Bouwer, H. and R. C. Rice, 1963. "Seepage Meters in Seepage and Recharge Studies". ''J. Irr.Dr. Div.'', Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 17–42.</ref>
Na 1959, Bouwer weere ọnọdụ na US Water Conservation Laboratory na Phoenix, Arizona; <ref>Bouwer. H. and R.C. Rice, 1983. "The Pit Bailing Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Measurement of Isotropic or Anisotropic Soil". ''Trans. ASAE''. 26. No. 5 1435–1439.</ref> n'ọnọdụ ahụ, ọ nyochara mmekọrịta nke mmiri / ala mmiri gụnyere seepage site na ọwa mmiri mmiri, mkpọda mmiri nke ala n'okpuru ebe a na-ebunye mmiri n'ime ala, mmetụta nke ịkwanye n'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri n'ime ala na mmetụta nke mmiri ala na-agbanye na mmiri iyi. N'iji netwọk ndị na-eguzogide analog, ọ zụlitere ọtụtụ ụzọ ubi maka ịlele hydraulic conductivity jupụtara na-agụnye permeameter abụọ tube, <ref>Bouwer, H., 1966. "Rapid Field Measurement of Air Entry Value and Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil as Significant Parameters in Flow System Analysis". ''Water Resources Research''. 729–738.</ref> na-adaba isi seepage mita, <ref>Bouwer, H. and R. C. Rice, 1976. "A Slug Test for Determining Hydraulic Conductivity of Unconfined Aquifers with Completely or Partially Penetrating Wells". ''Water Resources Research''. No.3 423–428.</ref> pit baling method, <ref>Bouwer, H., Back, J.T., Oliver, J.M., 1999. "Predicting Infiltration and Ground Water Mounds or Artificial Recharge", ''J Hydro Eng'', ASCE, (4) pp. 350–357</ref> air entry permeameter, <ref name="IGRAC">{{cite web |title=Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) |url=https://www.un-igrac.org/areas-expertise/managed-aquifer-recharge-mar |website=International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> Bouwer-Rice slug test in unconfined aquifers,<ref name="JWP">{{cite journal |last1=Rice |first1=R.C. |last2=Bouwer |first2=Herman |title=Soil-Aquifer Treatment Using Primary Effluent |journal=Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation |date=January 1984 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=84–88 |jstor=25042160 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25042160 |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> na single-ringer with correction in thelateral cylinderen. gradients.
Bouwer nyeere aka ịzụlite sayensị na ngwa nke jikwaa aquifer recharge (MAR)[1] na ala aquifer ọgwụgwọ (SAT) na United States.[2] Nnyocha MAR na SAT malitere na 1967 site na ịrụ ọrụ Flushing Meadows n'ime akwa akwa mmiri akọrọ na Phoenix. Nke a bụ ụlọ nyocha nke ubi iji mụọ nchaji mmiri dị n'ime ala site na iji nsị nsị na-edozi nke abụọ. Nchoputa a gunyere ihe omumu banyere onu ogugu hydraulic, mmechi nke ala, iwepu nje na nje bacteria, iwepu ihe oriri, mmeghachi omume nitrification-denitrification, na trace organics na pharmaceutical ngwaahịa. Nchoputa ya gosiputara na mmekorita nke ala na ndu ndu n'ime akwa osimiri mere ka mma nke mmiri na-ekpochapu usu na-adiwanye mma ma nwee ike gbanwee site na uzo SAT wetting na ihicha.[3]. Ịchaji na imegharị mmiri dị n'ime ala, gụnyere iji ihe ọṅụṅụ eme ihe, ga-abụ ihe na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ na mmasị ya n'oge ọrụ ya fọdụrụnụ.<ref name="IAH">{{Cite web|title=Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge, Annual Report 2013|url=https://iah.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/IAH-MAR-Annual-Report-2013.pdf|work=International Association of Hydrogeologists|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref>
Ọrụ nyocha ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nsogbu mmiri dị n'ime ala na America Southwest na na Arizona karịsịa. Ụzọ ya site n'iji akwa akwa a na-achịkwa iji nyocha mmiri nsị (mmiri grey) ruo n'ókè nke na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ubi nri nwere ike "gbatịa" obodo Phoenix "mmiri mmiri na ọkara nke ọnụ ahịa galọn ọ bụla." Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji nsị na-adịghị akwa akwa maka ihe ọkụkụ anaghị eri nri dị ka owu. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Arizona Reporter dere na nkà na ụzụ ya nwere ike "ịkwalite mmiri dị ọcha nke Phoenix kwa afọ site na ihe ruru 40,000 acre. <ref name="AR">{{Cite news|author=Webster|first=Guy|title=Phoenix scientist honored for cleaning water with dirt|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/120189280/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1|accessdate=12 May 2023|publisher=Arizona Republic|date=30 November 1985}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1967, Salt River Project Flushing Meadows recharge field na-emepụta 70,000 acre feet nke mmiri a na-enyocha maka ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-abụghị nri, na n'oge ahụ, a na-atụ anya na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe ọkpọkọ nwere usoro nke 6 recharge, nke ọ bụla dị mita 700 n'ogologo site na mita 20 n'obosara. "<ref name="AR-2">{{Cite news|title=Water Renovation Solved: Reclamation of Effluent Declare Unqualified Success|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/17183661/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1|accessdate=12 May 2023|publisher=Arizona Republic|date=22 October 1967}}</ref> "<ref name="HS">{{Cite news|author=Douglas|first=Ernest|title=Phoenix reclaims its sewage|accessdate=12 May 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/678720366/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1|publisher=The Herald Statesman|date=7 November 1973}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, teknụzụ ahụ mepụtara ruo n'ókè nke na a na-eme ka mmiri nsị dị ọcha site na usoro nanofiltration, na-agbanye ya site na olulu mmiri n'ime ala ma chekwaa ya na aquifers.<ref name="AR-3">{{Cite news|author=Ingley|first=Kathleen|title=Recycled water will be on tap in the future|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/122440198/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1|accessdate=12 May 2023|publisher=Arizona Republic|date=19 October 1990}}</ref>
N'oge ndụ ya, Bouwer dere ma ọ bụ na-edekọ ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ 300, dere isi akwụkwọ 12..<ref name="TTT">{{cite news |title=Sewer Expert Visit Lauded in Sarasota |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/325258353/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1 |access-date=12 May 2023 |publisher=The Tampa Tribune |date=19 March 1970}}</ref> ma kụzikwaara ya dị ka onye na-akwado ngalaba nke ma Mahadum Arizona na Arizona State University.<ref name="GH">{{cite book |last=Bouwer |first=Herman |title=Groundwater Hydrology |year=1978 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=9780070067158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6ZkuwEACAAJ |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> O nyere ọtụtụ akụkọ sayensị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Groundwater. Dịka onye nkuzi, ọ kuziri nkuzi wee nwee nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe maka ịgbanye mmiri n'ime ala na North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia) Middle East (Jordan), India na United States. Ọ gakwara mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Saịprọs, Morocco na India, ka ọ kụzie usoro eji eji mmiri mkpofu eme ihe. Na U.S., Bouwer dụrụ steeti ndị ọzọ ọdụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ Florida, maka mkpofu nsị site na usoro mweghachi nke ala. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ya, Groundwater Hydrology, ka McGraw-Hill bipụtara na 1978.
Ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 28, 2013, mgbe ọ dị afọ 86 site na nsogbu ọrịa Parkinson. <ref name="ASU obit">{{Cite web|title=Herman Bouwer Professor, Water Management|url=https://asura.asu.edu/herman-bouwer|work=Arizona State University|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="IAH">{{Cite web|title=Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge, Annual Report 2013|url=https://iah.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/IAH-MAR-Annual-Report-2013.pdf|work=International Association of Hydrogeologists|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref>
== Onyinye ==
Bouwer natara USDA Superior Service Awards abụọ; Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize site na American Society of Civil Engineers; Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water na 2004 na mpaghara nke mmiri dị n'okpuru ala; Arizona Hydrological Society Lifetime Achievement Award; na National Ground Water Association Life Member Award <ref name="NGWA">{{Cite web|title=Life Member Award Recipients|url=https://www.ngwa.org/members/awards/life-member-award-recipients|work=National Groundwater Association|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref> na 1992 maka onyinye ọrụ ya na mpaghara mmiri dị n"okpuru ala.<ref name="UAWRRC">{{Cite web|author=Eden|first=Susanna|title=Water Community Loses Two Leaders|url=https://wrrc.arizona.edu/community-loses-leaders|work=University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="GWM&R">{{Cite journal|title=Newsmakers: In Memoriam, National Ground Water Association Life Member Award recipient Herman Bouwer, PhD of Tempe, Arizona|journal=Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation|date=November 2013|volume=33|issue=4|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=92017130&site=eds-live&scope=site|accessdate=12 May 2023}}</ref> Ọ natara, na 2007, Lifetime Achievement Award na 6th International Symposium on Managed Aquifer Recharge . <ref name="GWM&R" /> Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States kpọrọ Bouwer onye sayensị nke Afọ.<ref name="T&D">{{Cite news|author=Webster|first=Guy|title=Arizona scientist honored by USDA for work with soil and dirty water|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/344486757/?terms=%22Herman%20Bouwer%22&match=1|publisher=The Times and Democrat|date=30 December 1985}}</ref>
== Ihe Nketa ==
A na-ewere Bower dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ hydrogeologists "iji dozie ọdịiche dị n'etiti injinia, physics ala, na hydrogeology".<ref name="GWM&R">{{Cite journal|title=Newsmakers: In Memoriam, National Ground Water Association Life Member Award recipient Herman Bouwer, PhD of Tempe, Arizona|journal=Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation|date=November 2013|volume=33|issue=4|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=92017130&site=eds-live&scope=site|accessdate=12 May 2023}}</ref>
Bouwer nyere aka guzobe Biennial Symposium on Managed Aquifer Recharge (BSMAR), International Symposium in Managed Aquiffer Recharge (ISMAR), Arizona Hydrological Society (AHS) na AHS Foundation.<ref name="HBA">{{Cite web|title=Herman Bouwer Award|url=https://www.grac.org/media/files/files/368c62e5/HERMAN_BOUWER_AWARD.pdf|work=Groundwater Resources Association of California|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref>
Akpọrọ aha ya Award Herman Bouwer; E hiwere ya na 2000 site n'aka otu Groundwater Resources Association nke California na Arizona Hydrological Society. Ihe nrite a bụ agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara hydrology na akụrụngwa mmiri.
== Edensibịa ==
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{| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Annobón</div>
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Provinces of Equatorial Guinea|Ógbè]]</div>
|- class="mergedtoprow"
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Annobón_in_Equatorial_Guinea_2020.svg|250x250px|Annobón circled in red, within Equatorial Guinea<br />(far southwestern corner of the map)]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Annobón gbara gburugburu na-acha ọbara ọbara, n'ime Equatorial Guinea (n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke map) <br /></div>
|- class="mergedtoprow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">[[Equatorial Guinea]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span></span>
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Capital city|Isi obodo]]
| class="infobox-data" |[[San Antonio de Palé]]
|- class="mergedtoprow"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Mpaghara<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div>
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta </div>
| class="infobox-data" |17 km<sup>2</sup> (6.6 sq mi)
|- class="mergedtoprow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ugwu kachasị elu <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> ([[Quioveo]])  </div>
| class="infobox-data" |598 m (1,962 ft)
|- class="mergedtoprow"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Ndị bi na ya (2015) [1]<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2015)<ref name="census2015"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="345">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171008232028/http://www.inege.gq/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Censo2015_Folleto_R_Preliminares.pdf "Censo de población 2015–República de Guinea Ecuatorial"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="346">INEGE. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="347">p. 7. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="348">Archived from [http://www.inege.gq/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Censo2015_Folleto_R_Preliminares.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="349"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2017</span>.</span></cite></ref><span class="nowrap"> </span></div>
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta </div>
| class="infobox-data" |5,323
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
| class="infobox-data" |310/km<sup>2</sup> (810/sq mi)
|- class="mergedtoprow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ISO 3166|Koodu ISO 3166]]
| class="infobox-data nickname" |GQ-AN
|}
<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>
'''Annobón''' ( [] i;<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Ogunu|first=Oseni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtMRAQAAIAAJ&q=Provincia+de+Annob%C3%B3n|title=1994–2003|date=2005|publisher=EMI|isbn=978-88-307-1718-3|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzYV4zDLZjsC&q=Provincia+de+Annob%C3%B3n|title=II censo de población y II de viviendas 1.994: Análisis demográfico. tema 01. Evaluación y ajuste de datos. tema 02. Estado de población. tema [03]. La fecundidad. tema 04. Análisis de la mortalidad. tema 05. Estudio de la migración. tema 06. Alfabetización, escolarización e instrucción. tema 07. Situación matrimonial y nupcialidad. tema 08. Caracteristicas económicas. tema 09. Análisis de las viviendas. tema 10. Hogares. tema 11. La mujer guineo-ecuatoriana. tema 12. Proyecciones demográficas (12 v.)|date=1997|publisher=La Oficina|language=es}}</ref> Portuguese: Ano-Bom) bụ mpaghara nke [[Equatorial Guinea]]. ógbè ahụ nwere agwaetiti Annobón na agwaetiti ndị metụtara ya na Gulf of Guinea. Annobón bụ mpaghara kachasị nta nke Equatorial Guinea na mpaghara na ndị bi na ya. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2015 si kwuo, Annobón nwere mmadụ 5,323, obere mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ site na 5,008 edebanyere aha site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 2001. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ pere mpe amụbaala site na mmadụ 5,008 e debara aha ha site na ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2001. Asụsụ gọọmentị bụ Spanish mana ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya na-asụ ụdị asụsụ Portuguese nke Creole. Isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na agwaetiti ahụ bụ ịkụ azụ na ịkpa oke ọhịa.
Annobón is the only island of the country located in the Southern Hemisphere of the [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic|Atlantic Ocean]]. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup> The provincial capital is San Antonio de Palé on the north side of the island. There are three other small settlements; Mabana, San Pedro and Aual. As of 1911, some passing ships visited for water and fresh provisions, of which Annobón offered an abundant supply.[5] However, there was no regular shipping service to the rest of Equatorial Guinea, and ships called as infrequently as every few months.
== Aha ya ==
Annobón nwetara aha ya site na Portuguese ''{{Lang|pt|ano bom}}'' <nowiki>''. A gụrụ agwaetiti ahụ aha n'ihi ụbọchị ndị Portugal chọpụtara ya n'Ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ n'afọ 1473. A maara mpaghara ahụ n'</nowiki>oge gara aga dị ka ''Anno Bom'' ma ọ bụ ''Annabona'' . [6]
N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị Francisco Macías Nguema, a na-akpọ agwaetiti ahụ ''Pigalu'' ma ọ bụ ''Pagalu'', site na ''{{Lang|pt|papagaio}}'' <nowiki>''</nowiki> Portuguese.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ndị Portugal chọpụtara agwaetiti ahụ na 1 Jenụwarị 1473; ọ nwetara aha ya site na ụbọchị ahụ ("Afọ Ọhụrụ"). [5] Otú ọ dị, onye Spain na-eme nchọpụta Diego Ramirez de la Diaz hụrụ agwaetiti ahụ na 1470 wee kpọọ ya San Antonio.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=1-57958-468-3|editor=Skutsch|location=New York|pages=107}}</ref> O doro anya na ọ dịghị onye bi na ya ruo mgbe ndị Portugal chịrị ya site na 1474, karịsịa site n'aka ndị Afrịka si [[Angola]] site na São Tomé Island. A na-ewere ndị ohu a (ndị Portuguese kpọrọ {{Lang|pt|escravos de regate}}) dị ka ndị mbụ so na ọha mmadụ Annobonese.<ref name=":0" />
Malite na mmalite narị afọ nke 16, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ohu a bụ ndị lụrụ ndị Yuropu ugbu a mụrụ ọgbọ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Anbonese bụ ndị a na-akpọ forros (ndị ohu ga-enwere onwe ha). Forros malitere ịzụlite njirimara pụrụ iche na ike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba. Oge a hụkwara ka asụsụ Creole nke Anbonese pụtara ìhè. <ref name=":0" />
Nkwekọrịta El Pardo nke afọ 1778 nyere mba Spen agwaetiti ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ahụ nyere mba Spen ikike ịchịkwa agwaetiti Annobón na Fernando Po (nke bụ Bioko ugbu a) nke mba Pọtugal na ụsọ oké osimiri Guinea dị n'etiti Naịja na Ogooué, n'ọnọdụ nke ndị Spen nabatara ndị Pọtugal n'ókèala dị na Brazil n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ókèala nke Nkwekọrịta Tordesillas guzobere. A ga-emesịa mara mpaghara Spen nke e guzobere dịka Spanish Guinea.
Ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ megidere ndokwa ahụ ma na-emegide ndị Spain. Mgbe e nyefere ya na mgbe e welitere ọkọlọtọ Spain iji kwado ọbụbụeze Spain, ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ nupụụrụ ndị bịara ọhụrụ ahụ isi, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị jụrụ okwukwe maka itinye nkịta na ọkọlọtọ ha (ihe osise ahụ na-anọchite anya ọdụm). Ha chụpụrụ ha dịka omenala nke ịtụba ndị amoosu n'oké osimiri si dị.<ref name="Anobom" /> Ọnọdụ nke ọgba aghara sochiri, na-eduga na ndokwa nke otu ụmụ amaala ise na-achịkwa agwaetiti ahụ, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ọfịs gọvanọ n'oge ahụ gafere ruo mgbe ụgbọ mmiri iri rutere n'àgwàetiti ahụ.[6] Gọọmentị na-achị onwe ya gara n'ihu, na agwaetiti ahụ nke Spain na Portugal kwuru, ruo mgbe e guzobeghachiri ikike nke Spain na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. [6][5] Àgwàetiti ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Elobey, Annobón na Corisco ruo n'oge na-adịghị anya ruo 1909.
The [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|British]] erected a fort at St Antony in 1801, eventually legalized through a lease from the Spanish government in 1827. The base was used by the British to suppress the Atlantic slave trade. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup>
N'afọ ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị Francisco Macías Nguema, onyeisi oche mbụ nke Equatorial Guinea, a kpọrọ agwaetiti ahụ Pigalu ma ọ bụ Pagalu. Ndị bi na ya nwere ajọ mbunobi megide ha na Equatorial Guinea, ụfọdụ malitekwara ịkwado mmegharị nkewa. Na 1993, gọọmentị etiti kewapụrụ agwaetiti ahụ, chụpụ ndị mba ọzọ gụnyere ndị otu enyemaka mmadụ. Ndị mmadụ nupụrụ isi ma wakpoo ebe obibi gọvanọ. Gọọmentị zara site n'igbu mmadụ abụọ n'enweghị ikpe. Nrụgide mba ụwa mere ka esemokwu belata, a tọhapụkwara ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị..<ref name="Anobom">{{Cite web|url=https://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|title=Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico|accessdate=29 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. </cite></ref>
Ọ bụ n'ihi obere agwaetiti a ka Equatorial Guinea rịọrọ maka ọkwa onye na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ obere oge e guzobere Community of Portuguese Language Country na 1996, nke dugara na nleta nke minista mba ofesi nke Portugal, Jaime Gama na Equatorial Guinea, na 1998.<ref name="Anobom"/> A na-egosipụta njirimara ya nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala na okpukperechi n'ọkwa ya n'ọkwa mpaghara ya. Na 2006, Equatorial Guinea nwetara ọkwa onye na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ site n'aka São Tomé na Príncipe. Ọ nọgidere na-agba mbọ ịghọ onye otu zuru oke, n'ụzọ megidere nrụgide mba ụwa nke chọrọ ikewapụ mba ahụ n'ihi mmebi ikike mmadụ, wee bụrụ onye otu zuru oke na 2014 site na nkwado siri ike nke Africa na-asụ Portuguese, ebe eweghachiri asụsụ Portuguese dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị.<ref name="dw" /><ref name="IILP_Blog2012-02-07" />
== Ọdịdị ala na ọdịdị ala ==
[[Faịlụ:Annobón_Bioko.PNG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Map zuru ezu nke Annobón (n'aka ekpe) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Gulf_of_Guinea_(English).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ebe Annobón dị na Ọwara Oké Osimiri Guinea]]
Annobón is an extinct volcano, part of the Cameroon line, about 220 miles (350 km) west of Cape Lopez in [[Gabon]] and 110 miles (180 km) southwest of São Tomé Island.[5] The main island measures about 4 miles (6.4 km) long by 2 miles (3.2 km) wide,[6] with an area of about ,[5] but a number of small rocky islets surround it, including Santarém to the south. Its central crater lake is named Lago A Pot and its highest peak is Quioveo, which rises 598 meters (1,962 ft). The island is characterized by a succession of lush valleys and steep mountains, covered with rich woods and luxuriant vegetation.[6]
A na-akọwakarị Annobón dị ka "na Gulf of Guinea",[a] dị ka agwaetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], mana akara ókèala maka Gulf of Guinea nke International Hydrographic Organization guzobere na-aga n'ebe ugwu ya. [b]
== Flora na anụmanụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Annobon_Island_Equatorial_Guinea.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Annobón na 2011]]
Na mbụ, obere agwaetiti a dị kilomita 335 (208 mi) site n'ụsọ oké osimiri [[Gabon|Ndị Gabon]] enweghị ebe obibi ma nwee nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche. Site na colonization, ndị bi n'àgwàetiti jiri rafts ma ọ bụ "cayucos" (ụgbọ mmiri yiri ụgbọ mmiri) na-achụ nta humpback whales na ụmụ ha, na cetaceans ndị ọzọ, na harpoons dị nso n'àll ahụ.
Annobón white-eye na Annobón paradise flycatcher bụ Nnụnụ na-abụ abụ, dị ka nduru na-acha nchara nchara nke Sao Tome. E nwekwara ndị na-azụ anụ ojii. E nwere ụdị nnụnụ iri abụọ na itoolu (dịka Annobón scops owl) n'àgwàetiti ahụ, nke BirdLife International họpụtara dị ka Ebe Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa (IBA).<ref name="bli">{{Cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/annob%C3%B3n-iba-equatorial-guinea|title=Annobón|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2024|work=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=28 November 2024|archivedate=3 February 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203115311/https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/annob%C3%B3n-iba-equatorial-guinea}}</ref>
E nwekwara ụdị ụkpara abụọ (otu nke dị n'ógbè ahụ); anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ (ndị ise): otu agwọ, agụ owuru atọ, agụ owụ abụọ, mbe mmiri atọ; azụ osimiri: ụdị 18 (otu nke a na-ahụkarị); anwụnta, akpị, na nnukwu ụgbala. Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị e webatara gụnyere azụ, nnụnụ guinea, òké, nkịta, na nwamba. Àgwàetiti ahụ enweghị anụ ndị na-eri anụ. A na-ahụ Sharks n'oké osimiri gbara ya gburugburu.
== Nchịkwa ==
{{Provinces of Equatorial Guinea Image Map}}isi obodo nke mpaghara ahụ bụ San Antonio de Palé (nke bụbu St Antony). Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere kansụl obodo atọ ({{Lang|pt|Consejos de Poblados}}): Anganchi, Aual, na Mabana.
== Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ==
A na-eme atụmatụ na agwaetiti ahụ nwere mmadụ 3,000 site na ọtụtụ narị afọ nke 19. [6][5] N'afọ 2013, Annobón nwere mmadụ 5,323.
=== Asụsụ ===
Asụsụ bụ isi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ Portuguese Creole a maara dị ka Annobonese, {{Lang|pt|Fa d'Ambu}}, ma ọ bụ Falar de Ano Bom <nowiki>''</nowiki>). A na-eji Asụsụ Portuguese Creole eme ihe nke ọma na Annobón. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngalaba niile ma e wezụga gọọmentị na agụmakwụkwọ ebe a na-eji Spanish eme ihe. A naghị asụkarị Spanish na Annobón. Ndị Katọlik nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-eji asụsụ Portuguese na-abụghị nke Creole eme ihe dị ka asụsụ liturgical.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/fab|title=Fa d'Ambu|publisher=Ethnologue|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=7 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407195306/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fab}}</ref>
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2012, minista mba ọzọ nke Equatorial Guinea bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na International Portuguese Language Institute (IPLI) maka ịkwalite Asụsụ Portuguese na Equatorial Guinea.<ref name="IILP_Blog2012-02-07">{{Cite web|url=http://iilp.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/assinado-termo-de-cooperacao-entre-iilp-e-guine-equatorial/|title=Assinado termo de cooperação entre IILP e Guiné Equatorial|language=pt|publisher=Instituto Internacional de Língua Portuguesa|date=7 February 2012|accessdate=27 March 2012|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222061328/http://iilp.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/assinado-termo-de-cooperacao-entre-iilp-e-guine-equatorial/}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://iilp.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/assinado-termo-de-cooperacao-entre-iilp-e-guine-equatorial/ "Assinado termo de cooperação entre IILP e Guiné Equatorial"] [Protocol signed on cooperation between IILP and Guinea Equatorial] (in Portuguese). </cite></ref><ref name="CPLP_News1875">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cplp.org/Default.aspx?ID=316&M=News&PID=304&NewsID=1875#.pdf|title=Protocolo de Cooperação entre a Guiné-Equatorial e o IILP|language=pt|publisher=CPLP|date=7 February 2012|accessdate=27 March 2012|archivedate=13 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713062429/http://www.cplp.org/Default.aspx?ID=316&M=News&PID=304&NewsID=1875}}</ref> Ntinye asụsụ Portuguese sochiri ọkwa nke onye isi ala Equatorial Guinea na 13 Julaị 2007 na iwu iwu iwu nke 2010 nke guzobere Portuguese dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/equatorial-guinea-adds-portuguese-as-the-countrys-third-official-language-131882808.html|title=Equatorial Guinea Adds Portuguese as the Country's Third Official Language|publisher=PRNewsWire|date=14 October 2011|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163747/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/equatorial-guinea-adds-portuguese-as-the-countrys-third-official-language-131882808.html}}</ref><ref name="GuineEqGov">{{Cite web|url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=703l|title=El portugués será el tercer idioma oficial de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial|publisher=Gobierno de la Republica de Guinea Ecuatoria|accessdate=15 November 2010|language=es|archivedate=3 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903222205/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=703l}}</ref><ref name="GuineEqGovPDF">{{Cite web|url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2010/20-7-2010Decretosobreelportuguescomoidiomaoficial.pdf|title=Proyecto de Ley Constitucional|publisher=Gobierno de la Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial|date=14 October 2011|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=3 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103202646/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2010/20-7-2010Decretosobreelportuguescomoidiomaoficial.pdf}}</ref>
Nnyocha mmekọrịta na asụsụ nke IPLI na Annobón kpughere njikọ siri ike na obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Portuguese na [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], [[Cape Verde]], na [[Guinea-Bissau]].<ref name="sol">{{Cite web|date=5 February 2014|title=Formação de professores e programas televisivos introduzem português na Guiné-Equatorial|url=http://www.sol.pt/noticia/99354|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101000230/http://www.sol.pt/noticia/99354|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=27 November 2014|publisher=Sol|language=pt}}</ref>
=== Agbụrụ ===
Ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ndị Portuguese na ndị Angola, na ụfọdụ Spanish. Mmetụta mbụ ndị Spain, jikọtara ya na ikewapụ onwe ya na mpaghara Equatorial Guinea na ịdị nso nke [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]] - nke dị naanị kilomita 175 (109 mi) site na agwaetiti ahụ - enyerela aka ichekwa njikọ ọdịbendị agwaetiti ahụ na [[Portugal]]. Ọdịbendị ya yiri nke São Tomé na ndị Afro-Portuguese n'Africa niile.<ref name="Anobom"/> Ndị bi ebe ahụ bụ ndị Katọlik, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ụdị syncretism, okpukpe ka bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ụdị ndụ obodo.<ref name="dw">{{Cite web|title=Ilha de Ano-Bom estabelece ligação da Guiné Equatorial à lusofonia – DW – 05/08/2014|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ilha-de-ano-bom-estabelece-liga%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o-da-guin%25C3%25A9-equatorial-%25C3%25A0-lusofonia/a-17832432|accessdate=14 January 2023|work=dw.com|language=pt|archivedate=27 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227183903/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ilha-de-ano-bom-estabelece-liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o-da-guin%C3%A9-equatorial-%C3%A0-lusofonia/a-17832432}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ilha-de-ano-bom-estabelece-liga%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o-da-guin%25C3%25A9-equatorial-%25C3%25A0-lusofonia/a-17832432 "Ilha de Ano-Bom estabelece ligação da Guiné Equatorial à lusofonia – DW – 05/08/2014"]. </cite></ref>
=== Okpukpe ===
Dị ka Equatorial Guinea n'ozuzu ya, Annobón nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-agbaso [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]], ọkachasị ndị Roman Katọlik bụ ndị ọdịbendị Portuguese nwere mmetụta siri ike. [6][5] Ebe ofufe dị n'àgwàetiti ahụ gụnyere ozi Roman Katọlik, na ụlọ ụka Assemblies of God.
== Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ==
Annobón dị maka Equatorial Guinea dịka site na onye nwe ya gọọmentị Equatorial Guinean na-azọrọ nnukwu ala mmiri na ndịda nke onye agbata obi ya, (nke n'onwe ya dị na ndịda isi ala EquatorialGuinea). Mmanụ dị na Gulf of Guinea na-anọchite anya ihe karịrị 80% nke akụ na ụba Equatorial Guinea, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ isi mmalite buru amụma na ihe ndị sitere na ebe nchekwa ugbu a ga-agwụ tupu 2020 . Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị oghere a na-egwu ugbu a na São Tomé, a na-eme atụmatụ na e nwere ijeri barel 34 (5.4 m3) nke mmanụ n'ime ókèala mmiri ya. Equatorial Guinea na-azọrọ ikike ịchọpụta ma mepụta hydrocarbons na nnukwu mpaghara oké osimiri gbara Annobón gburugburu nke sitere na 1°N ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 5°S, na site na 2°E ruo 7°E, mpaghara buru ibu karịa ala na ókèala oké osimiri nke Equatorial Guinée ndị ọzọ.
Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere họtel nwere ọnụ ụlọ 55 maka ndị njem nleta na-esi n'ala Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hotel Annobon|url=http://hotelannobon.com/home_es.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219141626/http://hotelannobon.com/home_es.php|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Hotel Annobon}}</ref>
== Ihe owuwu ==
Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere naanị otu ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọrụ ndị dị mkpa dị ka ọkụ eletrik na mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha dị ụkọ ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọtụtụ ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ nwere ike ịhapụ naanị site na ịnya ụgbọ mmiri kwa izu ma ọ bụ ịchọta ebe a na-anọ n'ụgbọ mmiri na-eleta otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ n'ọnwa.<ref name=":3" />
E meghere ọdụ ụgbọ elu Annobón na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Annobón n'akụkụ ugwu nke agwaetiti ahụ na 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Karantzavelou|first=Vicky|date=21 October 2010|title=New airport and port facilities in Annobon|url=https://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/39536-New-airport-and-port-facilities-in-Annobon|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=TravelDailyNews}}</ref>
N'afọ 2015, otu ìgwè ụlọ ọrụ tinyere panel anyanwụ n'àgwàetiti ahụ iji nye obodo na ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọkụ eletrik dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ mmepe nke Equatorial Guinea 'Horizon 2020'. A na-enye mkpa eletrik nke agwaetiti ahụ site na ndị na-emepụta diesel na-ebubata. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Market|first=Guinea|date=7 June 2014|title=Equatorial Guinea to Install Solar Microgrid System on Annobon Province|url=https://www.guineainfomarket.com/economy/2014/06/07/equatorial-guinea-install-solar-microgrid-system-annobon-province/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=guineainfomarket.com|language=|archivedate=30 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230000020/https://www.guineainfomarket.com/economy/2014/06/07/equatorial-guinea-install-solar-microgrid-system-annobon-province/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Goss|first=Scott|title=Wilmington businesses bringing power to African island|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/money/business/2015/02/28/wilmington-businesses-bringing-power-african-island/24117535/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=The News Journal|language=en-US|archivedate=29 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229234517/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/money/business/2015/02/28/wilmington-businesses-bringing-power-african-island/24117535/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Post|first=Guest|date=20 August 2015|title=Supplying Power Where Power is Due: Annobon Island Microgrid|url=https://www.microgridknowledge.com/google-news-feed/article/11432865/supplying-power-where-power-is-due-annobon-island-microgrid|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Microgrid Knowledge|language=en|archivedate=29 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229234518/https://www.microgridknowledge.com/google-news-feed/article/11432865/supplying-power-where-power-is-due-annobon-island-microgrid}}</ref>
A na-eji Annobón eme ihe dị ka ebe a na-atụfu Ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu, ọkachasị n'afọ ndị 1980 na 1990. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wood|first=Geoffrey|date=2004|title=Business and Politics in a Criminal State: The Case of Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518490|journal=African Affairs|volume=103|issue=413|pages=554–556|doi=10.1093/afraf/adh084}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stehrenberger|first=Cécile Stephanie|date=2 April 2020|title=Annobón 1988. Slow Disaster, Colonialism, and the Franco Dictatorship|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17561310.2020.1791451|journal=Art in Translation|volume=12|issue=2|pages=263–287|doi=10.1080/17561310.2020.1791451}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Anyinam|first=Charles A.|date=1991|title=Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes: The Case of Toxic Waste Dumping in Africa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45130934|journal=International Journal of Health Services|volume=21|issue=4|pages=759–777|doi=10.2190/XQVC-1HD5-8LN7-MH3D|pmid=1769761|issn=0020-7314}}</ref> N'afọ 1988, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, onye isi ala Equatorial Guinea, sooro ụlọ ọrụ Britain mee nkwekọrịta iji kwado nde drums iri nke ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na Annobón. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Brooke|first=James|date=17 July 1988|title=Waste Dumpers Turning to West Africa|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/17/world/waste-dumpers-turning-to-west-africa.html|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Der Spiegel'' kọrọ na 28 Ọgọstụ 2006 na a na-akwụ Equatorial Guinea ụgwọ iji lie Ihe mkpofu nuklia n'ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Smoltczyk|first=Alexander|date=28 August 2006|title=Rich in Oil, Poor in Human Rights: Torture and Poverty in Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/rich-in-oil-poor-in-human-rights-torture-and-poverty-in-equatorial-guinea-a-434691.html|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=Der Spiegel|language=en}}</ref>
== Nkewa ==
[[Faịlụ:Bandera_Annobon.png|thumb|Flag nke Republic of Annobón]]
N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, mmadụ abụọ bi na Annobón na Spain guzobere otu ndị na-ekewapụ onwe ha kpọrọ [[Ambô Legadu]]. Ha abụọ sonyere na ngagharị iwe nke afọ 1993. Otu n'ime ha, Orlando Cartagena Lagar, kpọrọ onwe ya praịm minista agwaetiti ahụ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Eromo|date=14 October 2024|title=Dozens of islanders locked up as grim history continues for Annobón|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/14/dozens-of-islanders-locked-up-as-grim-history-continues-for-annobon?utm|accessdate=18 February 2025|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEgbejule2024">Egbejule, Eromo (14 October 2024). </cite></ref>
Mgbe e guzobere Ambô Legadu, njide aka ike nke gọọmentị Equatorial Guinea mụbara. Dịka akwụkwọ akụkọ The Guardian si kwuo, ọtụtụ ndị obodo lere njide ọtụtụ mmadụ na Julaị 2024 anya dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa sara mbara iji gbochie ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha..<ref name=":3"/> Na 14 Mee 2024, a nabatara Republic of Annobón dị ka onye otu Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO). <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2024|title=The Government of the Republic of Annobon Becomes a New Member of the UNPO –|url=https://unpo.org/the-government-of-the-republic-of-annobon-becomes-a-new-member-of-the-unpo/?utm|accessdate=18 February 2025|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 February 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223063047/https://unpo.org/the-government-of-the-republic-of-annobon-becomes-a-new-member-of-the-unpo/?utm}}</ref>
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2025, otu ahụ rịọrọ ka agwaetiti ahụ bụrụ steeti ma ọ bụ mpaghara nke [[Argentina]]. <ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2025|title=Insólito pedido a la Argentina desde Annobón, un territorio en conflicto en África: "Queremos ser un Estado asociado o quizás una provincia"|url=https://www.clarin.com/internacional/insolito-pedido-argentina-territorio-conflicto-africa-queremos-estado-asociado-provincia_0_6eNufeux7f.html|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]|language=es-AR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2025|title=Una isla africana pidió unirse a Argentina por su vinculo con el Virreinato de la Plata|url=https://diarioelnorte.com.ar/una-isla-africana-pidio-unirse-a-argentina-por-su-vinculo-con-el-virreinato-de-la-plata/|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=Diario El Norte – San Nicolás|language=es-AR}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Ógbè ndị dị na Equatorial Guinea
== Ihe edeturu ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Edensibịa ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}}
== Ebe e si nweta ya ==
*
*
== Njikọ mpụga ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Annobón}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928224511/http://www.ggcg.st/images/Image11.gif Òtù Nchekwa Ọwara Oké Osimiri Guinea]
* Otu Eziokwu nke NATURAL: BOSQUE NEBLINOSO nke ANNOBON (n'asụsụ Spanish)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711092054/http://www.ghutymamae.com/ Ghuty Mamae: Isi nke Annobón] (n'asụsụ Spanish)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240118005719/https://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/la-isla-de-pagalu-o-pagalu/ Àgwàetiti Pagalu ma ọ bụ Pagalú] (n'asụsụ Spanish)
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}{{Provinces of Equatorial Guinea}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|01|26|06|S|05|38|15|E|type:isle_region:GQ}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Mmetọ nke ọnụ ụzọ
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Mmetọ Bilge bụ ụdị mmetọ mmiri nke na-eme mgbe a na-awụpụ mmiri bilge dị n'ime ụgbọ mmiri n'ime oke osimiri.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|author=Paddison|first=Laura|date=March 22, 2022|title=Revealed: ships may dump oil up to 3,000 times a year in Europe's waters|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/22/revealed-ships-may-dump-oil-up-to-3000-times-a-year-in-europes-waters|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/bilge-dumping-how-cargo-carriers-cut-corners-and-contaminate-the-oceans/audio-61622516|title=Bilge dumping: Illegal pollution you've never heard of – DW – 04/28/2022|website=dw.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/investigation-how-toxic-oil-pollution-at-sea-goes-unpunished/article65273964.ece|title=Investigation: How toxic oil pollution at sea goes unpunished|date=March 22, 2022|website=frontline.thehindu.com}}</ref> N'ime nnyocha e bipụtara na 2019, a na-eme atụmatụ na ihe ruru ikpe 3000 nke mkpọpụ bilge na-eme na Yuropu kwa afọ.[1] Dịka atụmatụ ọzọ si kwuo, ihe dị ka galọn nde 52.8 nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na-abanye n'oké osimiri kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/environment/ships-are-dumping-bilge-water-into-european-waters-up-to-3000-times-a-year-much-more-than-whats-reported-13027932.htm|title=Ships are dumping bilge water into European waters up to 3,000 times a year, much more than what's reported|date=April 2, 2022|website=cnbctv18.com}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg|thumb|Ịgba mmiri n'ụgbọ mmiri dị afọ 111, ''Wawona''.]]
Ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri bilge, nke a na-ewepụ mmetọ niile, bụ ụzọ kachasị mma iji dozie mmetọ mmiri bilge. N'ihi ọnụ ahịa na-arịwanye elu, ụlọ ọrụ na-atụfu ihe mkpofu kpọmkwem n'oké osimiri n'emeghị ka ọ dị mma.<ref name="auto" /> N'ihi ọnụnọ nke kemịkal na-akpata carcinogenic, a na-ewere nsị mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye Ndụ mmiri na [[Health|ahụike mmadụ]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Determining the bilge water waste risk and management in the Gulf of Antalya by the Monte Carlo method|first=Ömer Harun|author=Özkaynak|date=December 28, 2021|journal=Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)|volume=71|issue=12|pages=1545–1554|doi=10.1080/10962247.2021.1972055|pmid=34432604}}</ref>
== Ụkpụrụ mmiri dị n'akụkụ osimiri ==
Enwere ike igbochi mmetọ ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na a na-agwọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri, nke bụ nchịkọta mmiri na-emetọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri, tupu a na-ewepụ ya na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.
Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha (CWA) na-achịkwa usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri Bilge na United Steeti nke ukwuu, nke United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) na United Steeti Coast Guard jikọrọ aka na-eme.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OW |date=2015-09-15 |title=Vessel Sewage Discharges: Statutes, Regulations, and Related Laws and Treaties |url=https://www.epa.gov/vessels-marinas-and-ports/vessel-sewage-discharges-statutes-regulations-and-related-laws-and |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] |language=en}}</ref> Nkebi nke 301(a) nke CWA machibidoro mwepụ ihe ọ bụla na-emerụ emerụ site na ụgbọ mmiri, ọ gwụla ma mwepụ ahụ dabara na iwu enyere na ngalaba ndị ọzọ nke CWA.<ref>{{Cite act|title=U. S. Code: Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters|index=33 U.S.C.}}</ref> A kọwara mmetọ Bilge dị ka ụdị "mmịpụta nke dabara na ọrụ nkịtị nke ụgbọ mmiri" na § 1322 nke CWA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OW |date=2015-09-15 |title=Vessel Sewage Discharges: Statutes, Regulations, and Related Laws and Treaties |url=https://www.epa.gov/vessels-marinas-and-ports/vessel-sewage-discharges-statutes-regulations-and-related-laws-and |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] |language=en}}</ref> EPA na-edobe ụkpụrụ maka ọnụọgụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị iche iche nke mmiri bilge nwere ike ịnwe tupu a tụba ya n'ime nnukwu mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri bilge adịghị na ụkpụrụ ndị a n'oge a na-ewepụta mmiri bilge, mgbe ahụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na/ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara mmetọ ahụ nwere ike ịnata ntaramahụhụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=MARPOL Annex I – Prevention of Pollution by Oil |url=https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/OilPollution-Default.aspx#:~:text=The%20MARPOL%20convention,%20in%201983,compliance%20must%20be%20carried%20out. |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.imo.org}}</ref>
A na-etinye ụkpụrụ mmiri bilge mba ụwa kemgbe mgbakọ MARPOL 73/78, nke International Maritime Organization kwadoro.<ref>[[International Maritime Organization]]. "[https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/MEPCDocuments/MEPC.51(32).pdf Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973]" March 6, 1992.</ref> E guzobere ụkpụrụ ndị dị ugbu a na 1996 site na Iwu 16 nke MARPOL Annex I, nke chọrọ ka e tinye ihe nkewa mmiri mmanụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị ihe karịrị tọn 400, ma na-egosi na mmiri bilge a na-ewepụta n'ime mmiri mba ụwa ga-enwerịrị mmanụ dị n'ime ya nke na-erughị akụkụ 15 kwa nde (ppm).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Environmental Injustice at Sea: The Impacts of Bilge Dumping on Indonesia's Coastal Communities |url=https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/environmental-injustice-at-sea-the-impacts-of-bilge-dumping-on-indonesias-coastal-communities/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Ocean Vessel Operator Pleads Guilty, Agrees to Pay $2 Million for Marine Environmental Crimes {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/ocean-vessel-operator-pleads-guilty-agrees-pay-2-million-marine-environmental-crimes |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe omume mmetọ ụgbọ ala ==
Ihe kacha eme ka ụgbọ mmiri na-eme ihe na-emebi ikuku bụ izere ịzụta ngwa ọgwụgwọ ikuku ma ọ bụ ịkwụ ụgwọ iji tụfuo mmiri ikuku n'ebe a họpụtara, nke nwere ike ịdị oke ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-09 |title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Vessel Operator and Chief Engineer Convicted for Oily Bilge Water Discharge Offense {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/vessel-operator-and-chief-engineer-convicted-oily-bilge-water-discharge-offense |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ihe omume mmetọ ikuku na-emekarị, nke na-eme ka mmetọ mmanụ na mmiri gbakọta ka oge na-aga, na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri. Agbanyeghị, ndị na-eme mmetọ ikuku, nke nwere ike ịgụnye idobe ndekọ ezughị ezu ma ọ bụ nke e ji aghụghọ mee gbasara mwepụ ikuku mmiri, nwere ike ibute nnukwu ntaramahụhụ. Enweela ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara mmetọ ikuku mmiri na Indonesia, nke nwere ike imetụta akụ na ụba ịkụ azụ ebe ahụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Na 2022, ụlọ ọrụ New Trade Ship Management S.A. na onye injinia ya bụ Dennis Plasabas kwetara na ha mere ihe ọjọọ na nke na-ezughị ezu nke mwepụ ikuku mmiri mmiri site na ụgbọ mmiri Longshore. Na 2023, a boro Zeaborn Ship Management ebubo "itinye ihe karịrị galọn 7,500 nke mmiri mmanụ site na Star Maia n'oké osimiri na-ebughị ụzọ hazie mmiri mmanụ site na ngwa mgbochi mmetọ dị mkpa" ma kwụọ ya ụgwọ nde dọla abụọ. Na 2024, a tara otu ụlọ ọrụ dị na Mexico, Gremex Shipping, $1.75 nde maka ịtụba mmiri mmiri mmiri a na-agwọghị agwọ n'ime oké osimiri na ịgha ụgha ndekọ gbasara ihe ndị a. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme na mmetọ mmiri mmiri na-eme karịa ka achọpụtara ma ọ bụ taa ahụhụ, na-eme ka mmetọ mmiri na mmebi dị na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri dịkwuo elu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ports |first=Ships & |date=2024-11-04 |title=Mexico-Based Gremex Shipping Fined $1.75 Million in U.S. Marine Pollution Case |url=https://shipsandports.com.ng/mexico-based-gremex-shipping-fined-1-75-million-in-u-s-marine-pollution-case/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=Ships & Ports |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Edensibịa ==
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'''Payson R. Stevens''' (amụrụ na Machị 29, 1945) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye edemede, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na'eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-ekwu okwu sayensị si United States. A na-ewere Stevens dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ na nkwurịta okwu sayensị na ngalaba nke usoro ụwa (ESS) na Mgbanwe ihu igwe na US. A makwaara ya dị ka onye mbụ na-ese ihe dijitalụ na nke elektrọnik, onye na-ese foto, na onye na-ede uri. Na mgbakwunye, a maara ya maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ebere ya na [[California]], US, na Himachal Pradesh, India.
== Ndụ onwe onye na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Payson R. Stevens na Dr. Naomi Miller Coval-Apel, onye dọkịta ezé a ma ama na New York, na Eric Stevens.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kay|first=Ernest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpErAQAAIAAJ&q=namoi+miller+coval|title=The Two Thousand Women of Achievement|date=1972|publisher=Melrose Press|isbn=978-0-900332-24-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-12-01|title=Paid Notice: Deaths COVAL, APEL, DR. NAOMI MILLER|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/classified/paid-notice-deaths-coval-apel-dr-naomi-miller.html|accessdate=2023-03-09}}</ref>
Stevens nwere nzụlite na nka, molecular biology, biological oceanography, na eserese eserese. O nwere BA na Mahadum New York. Ọ gụrụ molecular biology maka masters ya na Mahadum City nke New York site na 1965 ruo 1968. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Arts Students League na School of Visual Arts na New York City . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Chandok|first=Neha|date=2008-10-09|title=Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal|url=https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, Stevens rụchara ọrụ ụfọdụ na Scripps Institution of Oceanography, n'okpuru nduzi nke Roger Revelle.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|language=en|volume=53|issue=1|pages=49–80|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|issn=0306-3127|pmid=36112799}}</ref>
Stevens is married to the Indian writer Kamla K. Kapur. They live in Del Mar, San Diego County, California.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bio - Kamla K. Kapur|url=https://www.kamlakkapur.com/bio/|work=kamlakkapur.com|date=8 November 2014|accessdate=3 July 2026|archivedate=3 July 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260703225347/https://www.kamlakkapur.com/bio/}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed.|url=https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848|work=delmar.ca.us}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848 "Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed"]. ''delmar.ca.us''. 2021.</cite></ref>
== Nkwurịta okwu sayensị ==
Stevens bụ onye ndụmọdụ naenye aka na akwụkwọ nkuzi kọleji Biology Today na Geology Today, nke CRM bipụtara na 1972 na 1973 n'otu n'otu.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=50 Watts: An Artist's Interpretation of a Flashback: Biology Today 3|url=https://50watts.com/filter/textbooks/An-Artist-s-Interpretation-of-a-Flashback-Biology-Today-3|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=50watts.com}}</ref> Stevens bụ onye edemede maka ihe ngosi 'Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Life', nke KPBS gosipụtara na Nọvemba 19, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Life|url=https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-x639z91q27|work=americanarchive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Live- KPBS documentary 1979 | date=8 April 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB8YAW6hpfs |access-date=2023-03-09 |language=en}}</ref> Ihe ngosi a meriri CINE Golden Eagle Award na 1980 Silver Award na US Industrial Film Festival. <ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhJbAAAAYAAJ&dq=Antarctica:+Desert+of+Ice,+See+of+Life&pg=RA15-PA31-IA13|title=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=1983|publisher=Princeton University Press|language=en|chapter=Class Notes - 62, Jeff Kirsch}}</ref>
N'afọ 1979, Stevens guzobere ụlọ ọrụ InterNetwork Inc. (INI) 'iji nye ọrụ nkwurịta okwu nye òtù ndị chọrọ ịnye ozi sayensị nye ndị na-ege ntị na-eji mgbasa ozi dịgasị iche iche'.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=53|issue=1|pages=57|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|pmid=36112799}}</ref> N'afọ 1985, Kọmitii Sayensị Ụwa nke NASA gakwuuru Stevens maka enyemaka n'ịkpọtụrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ, dị ka ndị bureaucrats, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọha na eze, na ọzụzụ ESS na-amalite n'oge ahụ. Stevens na ụlọ ọrụ ya INI kwadebere ihe ESS na atụmatụ iji kwalite ha. Ụfọdụ n'ime isiokwu ESS Stevens / INI nyere aka mepụta ma gosipụta ihe ndị gụnyere mmeghe ESS, Mgbanwe ihu igwe, <ref>{{Cite book|author=NASA Advisory Council Earth System Sciences Committee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BVOAQAAIAAJ&q=+Payson+Stevens&pg=PA208|title=Earth System Science: A Program for Global Change|date=1986|publisher=NASA|language=en}}</ref> ọrụ mbara igwe maka data oceanographic, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InZNAQAAIAAJ&dq=payson+stevens&pg=PP24|title=Reports to the Nation on Our Changing Planet|date=1991|publisher=University Center for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}</ref> El Nino, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zhSAQAAMAAJ&q=payson+stevens|title=El Niño and Climate Prediction|date=1994|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}</ref> na Ozone layer.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkvehJr0im4C&dq=payson+stevens&pg=PT2|title=Topex/Poseidon, a United States/France Mission: Oceanography from Space : the Oceans and Climate|date=1992|publisher=NASA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Albritton|first=Daniel L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VZfXJ0zVyIC&q=payson+stevens|title=Our Ozone Shield|date=1992|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}</ref> Usoro eji eme ihe na ihe ndị a na atụmatụ nkwalite na-ejikọkarị ya na ahịa ụlọ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=53|issue=1|pages=56|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|pmid=36112799}}</ref>
Ka e mesịrị na 1990s, InterNetwork Inc. ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ InterNetwork Media Inc. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About InterNetwork Media|url=http://www.in-media.com/About.html|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=www.in-media.com}}</ref><ref name=":1"/>
Dịka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị bụ Jenifer Barton si kwuo, 'Ọrụ Payson Stevens nyere aka gbanwee ngwaahịa ESS na atụmatụ nkwukọrịta dị iche iche ka ọ bụrụ akara sayensị'.[1] Arụmụka ndị yiri ya gbasara mkpa ọrụ Stevens dị maka ESS pụtakwara na ajụjụ ọnụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị ụwa bụ Berrien Moore III (2011), nakwa na Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (2008).[2]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barton |first=Jenifer |date=2023 |title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988 |journal=Social Studies of Science |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=57|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436 |pmid=36112799 |pmc=9893296 |s2cid=252235142 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Berrien Moore III Oral History|url=https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/ESS/MooreB/MooreB_4-4-11.htm|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=W.S.|title=Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences|publisher=Academic Press|year=2008|editor=J.H. Steele, K. K. Turekian & S. A. Thorpe|edition=2nd|pages=70|chapter=Satellite oceanography, history, and introductory concepts}}</ref>
N'afọ 1989, Stevens gosipụtara ọrụ INI na 'Sundance Symposium on Global Climate Change' nke Robert Redford.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nc9UAAAAMAAJ&q=robert+redford+payson+stevens|title=Communication Art|publisher=Coyne & Blanchard|year=1990|isbn=978-0-9694432-0-9|location=California|pages=109|language=en}}</ref>
N'afọ 1990, Stevens kwuru Okwu TED banyere okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Alsop|first=Stewart|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzsEAAAAMBAJ&dq=TED+2+global+warming+1990&pg=PA106|title=Info World - the weekly for personal computing professionals|date=March 5, 1990|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.|pages=106|language=en|chapter=Personal Computers Are Finally Becoming Good Enough for Art}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=TED2-1990 Warning on Global Warming by Payson R. Stevens | date=11 May 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBH-puCsdGk |access-date=2023-03-09 |language=en}}</ref>
N'afọ 1993, ụlọ ọrụ Stevens bụ INI natara onyinye John Wesley Powell site na United States Geological Survey . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1993fy/report.pdf|title=U.S. Geological Survey Yearbook - Fiscal Year 1993|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|year=1994|pages=94}}</ref>
N'afọ 1994, INI gara n'ihu nata onyinye onye isi ala maka imepụta ihe magburu onwe ya site n'aka onye isi ala Bill Clinton. <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPcnAQAAIAAJ&q=payson+stevens|title=New Media|date=1994|publisher=HyperMedia Communications, Incorporated|language=en}}</ref>
== Nchekwa okike ==
Na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Stevens sonyere na mbọ ọha na eze na-agba iji nweta traktị ụfọdụ, nke a kara akara maka Igwu mmanụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Outer Continental Shelf dị nso na San Diego, California, ehichapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite book|author=United States Congress House Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F7d3oUHcBgC&dq=san+diego+OCS+payson+r+stevens&pg=PA1019|title=O.C.S. Oversight of 1978 Amendments: Hearings Before the Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session, on Oversight on the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1978|date=1979|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref>
north
Na afọ 2000, otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ́ 'Friends of GHNP' hiwere site n'aka Stevens na Sanjeeva Pandey, onye ọrụ Indian Forest Service, onye bụkwa onye nduzi nke Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), nke dị na steeti Himachal Pradesh nke ugwu India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friends of GHNP |url=https://greathimalayannationalpark.com/friends-of-ghnp/ |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Great Himalayan National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Stevens bụ onye isi na Friends of GHNP, bụ́ ndị chịkọtara akwụkwọ nhọpụta ahụ ma duzie ngwa maka ọkwa UNESCO World Heritage Site maka Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) na Himachal Pradesh, India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1406rev.pdf |title=The Republic of India's Nomination of the Great Himalayan National Park for Inscription on the World Heritage List |year=2011 |page=160}}</ref> Na June 2014, GHNP ghọrọ Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soofi |first=Mayank Austen |date=2014-07-26 |title=Himalayas {{!}} How green is my valley |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/XaY2EEnfNyJCezgCEMTF7M/Himalayas--How-green-is-my-valley.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=2014-06-23 |title=Himachal park gets Unesco's heritage tag |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/himachal-park-gets-unesco-s-heritage-tag-114062300849_1.html |access-date=2023-03-07}}</ref>
5aKemgbe 2021, Stevens etinyela aka na mbọ ọha na eze na-agba iji chebe ugwu na osimiri dị na Del Mar, California, n'akụkụ [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Oké Osimiri Pacific]].<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Concerned Citizens of Del Mar and Coastal Bluff Conservancy, Del Mar|date=2021|title=Protect and Preserve Del Mar Bluffs and Beach|url=https://sciencereport.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/DEL+MAR+BLUFFS+IMPACTS+-+Viz+n+Sience+Report+8Nov2021-v2+Final+Submission.pdf|work=sciencereport}}</ref>
== Ọrụ enyemaka ==
Stevens bụ onye otu ntọala na onye ndụmọdụ bọọdụ nke otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) 'My Himachal', nke e guzobere na 2006. NGO a zụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo dị ka ndị ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, hazie ihe ngosi ahụike njem, ma guzobe obere ego agụmakwụkwọ, niile n'akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Himachal Pradesh, India.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 2010 |editor-last=Fox |editor-first=Marjorie |editor2-last=Hays |editor2-first=Steve |editor3-last=Cohen |editor3-first=David S. |title=Payson Stevens: on India, Our Environment, and Art |url=https://energylandscapes.com/wp-content/themes/energylandscapes/pdf/PRS%20TLC-cover-FEB10-final.pdf |journal=The Life Connection |pages=33–36}}</ref> Maka ọrụ a, Project Concern International nyere Stevens nsọpụrụ na 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghuman |first=Jagmeet Y. |date=October 15, 2008 |title=Environmentalist to be honoured in US |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081015/himplus1.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Payson Stevens on doordarshan_all.mp4 | date=26 April 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Brz5a2cwK4 |access-date=2023-03-09 |language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe osise ==
* N'afọ ndị 1960, Stevens bụ akụkụ nke Bread and Puppet Theatre na New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2006-10-11|title=Nicholas Roerich's 132nd birth anniversary|url=https://hillpost.in/2006/10/nicholas-roerich’s-132nd-birth-anniversary/758/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'afọ 1983, e gosipụtara ihe osise kọmputa ya nke akpọrọ 'Entropy' na SIGGRAPH 1983: Art Show na Detroit, Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brad de Graf, Payson Stevens: Entropy – ACM SIGGRAPH ART SHOW ARCHIVES|url=https://digitalartarchive.siggraph.org/artwork/brad-de-graf-payson-stevens-entropy/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=digitalartarchive.siggraph.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SIGGRAPH 1983: Art Show – ACM SIGGRAPH ART SHOW ARCHIVES|url=https://digitalartarchive.siggraph.org/exhibition/siggraph-1983-art-show/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=digitalartarchive.siggraph.org}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006, Roerich Memorial Museum and Art Gallery na Naggar, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Flux and Flow'. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Development Report of International Roerich Memorial Trust from 01.01.2002 till 08.09.2012 - by Alena Adamkova|url=https://lebendige-ethik.net/index.php/english/45-report-irmt-adamkova/327-adamkova-1-copy|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=lebendige-ethik.net}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2007, e gosipụtara ihe osise Stevens na nke Lotte Koch na Nele von Mengerhausen na ngosi 'Alles im Fluss', na Tannerhof na Bayerischzell, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Veranstaltungskalender Kultur und Brauchtum|url=https://www.kulturvision-aktuell.de/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/kulturbegegnungen07.pdf|work=kulturvision-aktuell.de}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2007, ụlọ ngosi nka gọọmentị na ụlọ ngosi nka dị na Chandigarh, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Energy Flows'. Ihe osise ndị ahụ dabeere na isiokwu nke ike nke mmiri na-asọ, na mmụba nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ site na ndụ na ọnwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2007-10-10|title=Payson Stevens exhibition at Chandigarh Museum and Art Gallery|url=https://hillpost.in/2007/10/payson-stevens-exhibition-at-chandigarh-museum-and-art-gallery/3222/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2008, Doordarshan, onye mgbasa ozi ọha na eze nke India, gosipụtara nka na ndụ Steven na Himalayas nke India, na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ 'Energy Landscapes - The Art of Payson R. Stevens'.
* N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, na San Diego Museum of Art na California, Stevens kwuru okwu ma gosipụta ihe ngosi o mere na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Tabo oge ochie na Ndagwurugwu Spiti, India, ebe ya na nwunye ya tọrọ atọ izu abụọ n'ihi snow mberede na Septemba afọ 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2009-01-20|title=Payson Stevens talk at San Diego Museum of Art|url=https://hillpost.in/2009/01/payson-stevens-of-my-himachal-to-talk-in-san-diego-museum-of-art/9804/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Na Septemba 2009, American Center nke US Embassy na New Delhi, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Dark Forest/Ghana Jungle'. Ihe osise ndị ahụ dabeere na echiche ya banyere ike na-agafe n'oké ọhịa gbara ọchịchịrị.<ref>{{Citation |title=Dark forest_painting exhibition by artist Payson.R.Stevens | date=12 January 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awl2x7N9Fno |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en}}</ref>
* Na Febụwarị 2010, Southwestern College Art Gallery na Chula Vista, California, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka Stevens site na 1970s gaa n'ihu, nke akpọrọ 'Energy Landscapes'. Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara ihe osise Stevens, ihe osise, ihe osisa kọmputa, akwụkwọ na posters, na ọrụ ya site na InterActive Media.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2010-01-17|title=Energy Landscapes - The Art of Payson R. Stevens: A My Himachal Fund Raiser|url=https://hillpost.in/2010/01/energy-landscapes-the-art-of-payson-r-stevens-a-my-himachal-fund-raiser/18104/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'afọ 2015, uri vidio Stevens 'Ajanta: Small Universe' bụ nhọrọ gọọmentị na Delhi International Film Festival, India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spiritual Messages-I : Ajanta: Small Universe|url=https://filmfreeway.com/434537|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=FilmFreeway|language=en}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara uri vidio ya 'Entropic Void' na movingpoems.com.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bonta|first=Dave|date=2015-06-22|title=Entropic Void by Payson R. Stevens|url=https://movingpoems.com/2015/06/entropic-void-by-payson-r-stevens/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Moving Poems|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'afọ 2015 na 2016, Stevens gosipụtara uri vidio ya na San Diego Museum of Art, California. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Messages from India|url=https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/599/original/SDMA_PRS_Talk_March_2015.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0e768b826dd15969a7984d3e2b0d98b3da12443dbfa86fd0568ab6dfd0e03782|work=filmfreeway|accessdate=2026-07-03|archivedate=2023-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307203624/https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/599/original/SDMA_PRS_Talk_March_2015.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0e768b826dd15969a7984d3e2b0d98b3da12443dbfa86fd0568ab6dfd0e03782}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Visions of Sacred India|url=https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/644/original/PRS_VTPs_SDMA_eVite_19_March_2016.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=826289294223cb07f17159322b14005591102b54d6f84edb396ede9dafbb3006|work=filmfreeway}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016, e gosipụtara uri vidio Stevens 'Divine Spell' na London International Short Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-20|title=London International Short Film Festival 2016|url=https://bermondseysquare.net/short-film-festival/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Bermondsey Square|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* N'afọ 2017, abụ vidio anọ nke Stevens pụtara na ''Atticus Review''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mullins|first=Matt|date=2017-09-22|title=Four from Payson Stevens|url=https://atticusreview.org/four-payson-stevens/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Atticus Review|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Akwụkwọ ==
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Usoro igwu egwu OCS: San Diego na-emechi ọkwa. Oceans, 4, peeji nke 57-60.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Akụkọ ndụ na ịkụ azụ nke Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus''. Northwest na Alaska Fisheries Centre.
* Bernstein, R.L. na Stevens, P.R., 1986. Mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ nke oké osimiri. ''Sayensị mbara igwe na ngwa: Ọganihu na ikike (A 87-30876 12-12).'' New York, IEEE Press, peeji nke 123-131.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ịnakwere Ụwa: Echiche ọhụrụ nke mbara ala anyị na-agbanwe agbanwe.'' San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
* Stevens, P.R. na Steinmetz, S., 2002. ''Meshuggenary: Ime emume ụwa nke Yiddish''. Simon na Schuster.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ị nọ n'Ụwa''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ụwa Dị n'Ime'' Gị. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
== Edensibịa ==
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
<references />
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stevens, Payson R.}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American poets]]
[[Category:American environmentalists]]
[[Category:Scripps Institution of Oceanography alumni]]
[[Category:City University of New York alumni]]
[[Category:Science communication award winners]]
[[Category:Artists from San Diego]]
[[Category:Yiddish culture in the United States]]
[[Category:People from Del Mar, California]]
[[Category:Painters from California]]
[[Category:People from San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:American environmental scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century American earth scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century American earth scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American oceanographers]]
[[Category:21st-century American illustrators]]
[[Category:20th-century American illustrators]]
[[Category:American male poets]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American male painters]]
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Ọrụ okpomọkụ
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[[Faịlụ:S04_130_Solfatara,_Fumarole.jpg|alt=A rocky surface with a mound centrally in the image. The mound has holes in the top. Surrounding rocks have been stained orange and yellow. There is smoke or steam rising from the top.|thumb|280x280px|A fumarole na crater Solfatara, oroma na odo na-acha site na mineral ndị anwụrụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-etinye ka ha na-ajụ oyi na okpomọkụ gburugburu.]]
Ọrụ geothermal bụ otu usoro nnyefe okpomọkụ sitere n'okike, na-eme n'elu ụwa, nke sitere na ọnụnọ nke okpomọkụ karịrị akarị n'okpuru ala nke ebe ahụ metụtara, nke na-abụkarị site na ọnụnị nke igneous intrusion n'okpuru ụwa.<ref name="geot">{{Cite web|author=|language=ru|url=http://geotherm.ginras.ru/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209183446/http://geotherm.ginras.ru/|archivedate=2022-12-09|title=Лаборатория тепломассопереноса // Геологический институт РАН|work=geotherm.ginras.ru|accessdate=2023-03-22}}</ref> Ọrụ geothermal nwere ike igosipụta onwe ya n'ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, okpomọkụ dị elu, ụdị dị iche iche nke ọrụ hydrothermal, na ọnụnọ nke fumaroles nke na-ewepụta gas ọkụ.
== Physics ndabere ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ọrụ okpomọkụ dị n'ime ala na-apụtakarị n'ógbè ndị nwere ugwu mgbawa, ebe ọ na-akwalite ya site na ọnụnọ nke ụlọ magma. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ọkụ dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ nnukwu ihe ndị na-eme ka redioaktivu jupụta. Isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke ikpo ọkụ dị n'ime nwere ike ịbụ ọdịiche ndọda nke ihe, esemokwu mmiri, mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke usoro. Mwepụ nke okpomọkụ n'elu na-eme ma n'ụdị mmiri okpomọkụ na-eduzi, ma ọ bụ n'ụdị mbufe okpomọkụ convective site na mmiri ma ọ bụ gas<ref name="geo_ussr">{{cite web |author = |lang = ru |url = https://www.panpwr.ru/wiki-energetika/tpost/hb24xgd123-geotermalnaya-aktivnost |archive-url = |archive-date = |title = Геотермальная активность // ГОСТ 19431-84 ГОСТ 21027-75 ГОСТ 32144-2013 ГОСТ 24291-90 ГОСТ Р 57114-2016 ГОСТ 19880-74 |website = www.panpwr.ru |access-date = 2023-03-22}}</ref>.
[[Faịlụ:11-Sol-de-la-Manana-nX-16.jpg|alt=A pool of greyish-blue bubbling sludge surrounded by rocks and steam|thumb|280x280px|ite apịtị na Sol de Mañana Hydrothermal field, [[Bolivia]]. Agba odo n'ime ala na-esite na sulfur deposits.]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Philpotts |first=Anthony R. |title=Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Jay J. Ague |isbn=978-0-521-88006-0 |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge, UK |oclc=231581100}}</ref>
== Ụdị ọrụ geothermal ==
=== Fumaroles na ikuku ===
Fumaroles, ma ọ bụ oghere mgbawa ugwu, bụ oghere dị n'ala ebe uzuoku na gas na-esi na ya apụta na mbara igwe. Ebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ na-adịkarị n'elu ụlọ magma na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-ewepụta gas ọkụ mgbe niile nke na-aga n'elu site na oghere dị n'ime nkume. Ebe oghere ndị a na-eru elu ha na-emepụta fumaroles. A maara ebe oghere ndị a dị ka ubi Fumarole. Fumaroles na-etolite nnukwu ihe nke mineral sulfuric, nke na-ada site na nkwụsịtụ mgbe gas mgbawa ugwu jụrụ oyi na ikuku.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gudmundsson |first=Magnús T. |title=Ice Cauldron |date=2015 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_192 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms |pages=953–958 |editor-last=Hargitai |editor-first=Henrik |access-date=2023-04-24 |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_192 |isbn=978-1-4614-3134-3 |editor2-last=Kereszturi |editor2-first=Ákos|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
=== Ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ ===
Ice cauldrons bụ ihe na-eme mgbe okpomọkụ na-emetụta ice cap, ma ọ bụ site na mgbawa ugwu ma ọ bụ mmepụta okpomọkụ dị n'ihu site na mpaghara geothermal na-arụ ọrụ. Ice cauldrons nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ọdịdị dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a sitere na oghere dị nro n'ime ice cap ruo n'oghere miri emi nwere mgbidi dị elu nke mgbanaka dị n'etiti. Obosara nke ice cauldrons nwere ike ịdị site na mita 50 ruo ihe dị ka kilomita 10, ebe omimi nwere ike ịdị na ọtụtụ mita ruo ọtụtụ narị mita. Ọdịdị nke olulu ahụ nwere ike iguzosi ike ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, ọ nweghịkwa njikọ na ọdịdị nke isi iyi okpomọkụ.
== Ọrụ okpomọkụ mmiri ==
Okpomọkụ na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nwere ike imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ.
=== Mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ ===
[[Faịlụ:Great_Geysir_(2).jpg|alt=A green landscape with a platform of grey rock. steam is rising from a pool or hole in the middle of the platform|thumb|280x280px|Geysir, a geyser na Iceland, aha a na-akpọ ihe omume ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=geyser {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of geyser by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/geyser|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.etymonline.com|language=en}}</ref>]]
Geysers are the most well known hydrothermal feature. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup> They occur when groundwater in underground cavities becomes superheated under a lid of colder surface water. When the superheated water breaches the surface, it flashes to steam, causing the pressure below it to suddenly drop, which causes a chain reaction where most of the water in the geyser's feed system flashes to steam all at once.
E nwere ụdị isi mmiri abụọ. Mmiri iyi, nke na-agbawa n'oké mgbawa site na ọdọ mmiri, na mmiri mmiri, nke na'ime mmiri na-agbanye n'ime mmiri ruo nkeji ole na ole site na ihe sinter nke silicon nke a debere gburugburu isi ikuku.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|title=Hydrothermal Features - Yellowstone National Park|url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/kidsyouth/hydrothermal.htm|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=www.nps.gov|language=en}}</ref>
=== Isi iyi na ite apịtị ===
[[Faịlụ:Wai-o-tapu_panorama.jpg|alt=A crystal-clear pool with a bright yellow bottom. Where the water is deeper the bottom seems more green or blue. In the background, where the water of the first pool turns red, there is a raised rim surrounding a smaller bright-blue pool, which steams heavily. The pools have white beaches and are surrounded by a pine forest|thumb|464x464px|Isi iyi abụọ dị na Waiotapu, New Zealand, na Palette nke onye na-ese ihe n'ihu, na Champagne Pool kpọmkwem n'azụ ya n'azụ. ]]
N'ebe ndị ọzọ, mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbakọta n'ọdọ mmiri, na-emepụta isi iyi na-ekwo ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=O'Banion|first=K.|date=1980-07-14|title=Geothermal energy and the land resource: conflicts and constraints in The Geysers-Calistoga KGRA|doi=10.2172/6817678|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6817678|language=English}}</ref> Ebe obere mmiri dị n'okpuru ala dị, mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-arị elu na njikọta ya na ọrụ microbial na-eduga n'ịmepụta ite apịtị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dahlquist|first=G. R.|date=2016-12-01|title=What's in the mud?: Water-rock-microbe interactions in thermal mudpots and springs|journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B21E0469D|volume=2016|pages=B21E–0469}}</ref> Omume nke ite apịtị ndị a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na okirikiri oge dabere na ọdịiche dị na mmiri ozuzo na ọkwa nke tebụl mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mudpots - Old Faithful Virtual Visitor Center|url=https://www.nps.gov/features/yell/ofvec/exhibits/treasures/thermals/mudpots/mudpotseasons.htm|accessdate=2023-04-21|work=www.nps.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lynch|first=D. K.|date=2008-08-01|title=The Wister Mud Pot Lineament: Southeastward Extension or Abandoned Strand of the San Andreas Fault?|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa/article/98/4/1720-1729/341930|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|language=en|volume=98|issue=4|pages=1720–1729|doi=10.1785/0120070252|issn=0037-1106}}</ref>
=== Mgbawa nke mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ===
Mgbawa hydrothermal na-eme mgbe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-enweghị ike iru n'elu, na-eme ka nrụgide dị n'okpuru ala rịa elu ruo mgbe a ruru ebe dị oke egwu ma mee mgbawa, na-ewepụ mmiri na-okpo ọkụ na nkume.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hydrothermal Explosions {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/hydrothermal-explosions|accessdate=2023-07-18|work=www.usgs.gov}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Geothermal energy - Ike okpomọkụ a na-emepụta ma na-echekwa n'ụwa
* Geothermal gradient - Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpomọkụ na-abawanye na omimi n'ime ụwa
* Geothermal heating - Ojiji nke ike geothermal maka okpomọkụ
* Geothermal power - Ike sitere na ike okpomọkụ
== Edensibịa ==
6wfko669kd2ytagiti2g3hr5ii4da00
Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt
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[[Faịlụ:Sargasso_2.svg|thumb|<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#ff8025|The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt}} <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#65bf8b|[[Sargasso Sea]]}} <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend-line|#63afd5 solid 5px|major currents in the North Atlantic}}]] <ref>{{cite journal | last1=López Miranda | first1=José Luis | last2=Celis | first2=Lourdes B. | last3=Estévez | first3=Miriam | last4=Chávez | first4=Valeria | last5=van Tussenbroek | first5=Brigitta I. | last6=Uribe-Martínez | first6=Abigail | last7=Cuevas | first7=Eduardo | last8=Rosillo Pantoja | first8=Izarelly | last9=Masia | first9=Luis | last10=Cauich-Kantun | first10=Citlali | last11=Silva | first11=Rodolfo | title=Commercial Potential of Pelagic Sargassum spp. in Mexico | journal=Frontiers in Marine Science | publisher=Frontiers Media SA | volume=8 | date=2021-11-12 | article-number=768470 | issn=2296-7745 | doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.768470| doi-access=free | bibcode=2021FrMaS...868470L }} {{symbol|CC-BY icon.svg|50}} Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=October 16, 2017 }}.</ref>
The GASB has ecological impacts on beaches, water quality, and organisms, as well as health impacts on humans. The recurrence of this bloom has affected economies, especially of countries affected in the Caribbean.<ref name="sciencemag">{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|url=https://archive.org/details/science_2019-07-05_365_6448/page/83|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shao |first=Elena |date=2023-04-19 |title=Those Seaweed Blobs Headed for Florida? See How Big They Are. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/04/19/climate/seaweed-florida-sargassum.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Ọdịnihu nke okooko osisi ==
[[Faịlụ:Punta-Tuna-Beach-Sargassum-Close-Up-Wide.jpg|thumb|245x245px|''Sargassum'' a na-asacha na Punta Tuna Beach, Puerto Rico]]
[[Faịlụ:Great_Atlantic_Sargassum_Belt.jpg|thumb|Mmepe nke belt 2011-2018]]
Mats nke ''Sargassum'' na mpaghara a nke Atlantic abụghị ihe ọhụrụ, ebe a kọrọ na ọ dịla na narị afọ nke iri na ise.<ref name="sciencemag" /> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2011, okooko osisi buru ibu nke ukwuu iji pụta ìhè na foto satellite pụtara na nke mbụ ya, ọ pụtakwara ọtụtụ oge ọkọchị kemgbe ahụ.<ref name="sciencemag" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Barberton|first=Zan|date=2023-03-07|title=The creeping threat of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-seaweed-visible-from-space|accessdate=2023-03-18}}</ref> A na-eche na nnukwu okooko osisi a na 2011 sitere na mmiri na-asọsi ike na mmiri dị elu n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Nanị afọ okooko osisi ahụ apụtaghị bụ 2013. Enweghị okooko osisi ''Sargassum'' na 2013 dugara n'ịchịkọta ihe oriri, na-emepụta ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka nnukwu okooko osisi na 2014 na afọ ndị sochirinụ.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Na June 2022, e mere atụmatụ na belt ahụ dị nde tọn 24.2.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}</ref> E ji ọtụtụ patches mee ya, ụfọdụ ruo otu acre n'elu.<ref name="natgeo">{{Cite web|author=Gibbens|first=Sarah|date=2023-03-16|title=A giant, rotting mass of seaweed threatens beach season in the U.S.|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/seaweed-blob-great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-beach-threat|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318091222/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/seaweed-blob-great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-beach-threat|archivedate=March 18, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-18|work=[[National Geographic]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="harm">{{Cite journal |last=Rodríguez-Martínez |first=R. E. |last2=Ramírez Said |first2=S. |last3=Gómez-Reali |first3=M. A. |last4=Rosales-Fuerte |first4=S. |last5=Pech Figueroa |first5=J. |last6=Costa |first6=M. |last7=Veras |first7=M. M. |date=April 1, 2026 |title=Assessment of hydrogen sulfide exposure in shoreline cleanup workers during the 2025 Atlantic Sargassum bloom |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988326000442 |journal=Harmful Algae |volume=154 |article-number=103092 |doi=10.1016/j.hal.2026.103092 |issn=1568-9883|doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:SargassumBarbados_(cropped1).jpg|thumb|Otu kilomita n'obosara (0.62 mi) nke sargassum n'Oké Osimiri Caribbean]]
== Mmetụta ==
=== Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ===
During heavy blooms, the huge tangles of seaweed can ensnare larger wildlife like dolphins, sometimes fatally. Huge amounts of seaweed wash up on beaches, rotting and attracting insects. Epibionts living on ''Sargassum'' alter naturally occurring seaweed and seagrasses that get washed up, impacting habitats, food webs, and nutrient cycling.<ref name=":02" /> When mats of ''Sargassum'' are present, macrophytes and mangroves experience less growth due to a lack of sunlight penetrating the water.<ref name=":02" /> Additionally, accumulation of ''Sargassum'' on beaches can raise the temperature of nearby sea turtle nests, impacting nesting patterns in the future and the hatchling sex ratio.<ref name=mh>{{Cite news |last=Ashley Miznazi |date=May 11, 2026 |title=Miami-Dade's sargassum problem isn't going away — and neither are the costs |url= https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/climate-change/article315643213.html#storylink=cpy}}</ref> Pelagic ''Sargassum'' is an important source of biodiversity in the region as it hosts a whole ecosystem, including many endemic species.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}</ref> Pelagic ''Sargassum'' may also act as a minor carbon sink. With declining conditions in coastal ecosystems like marshes and mangroves due to human activity, this could play an increasingly important role in decreasing atmospheric carbon.
''Sargassum'' na-emetụta usoro nri n'ihi ihe oriri na algae ndị ọzọ dị na mmiri nke na-agbanwe omume nri nke anụmanụ na-eri ahịhịa na mmiri na-adịghị omimi <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}</ref>
Nchịkọta nke ''Sargassum'' n'akụkụ osimiri na-ahapụ ihe dị n'ime mmiri, na-akpata ọdịdị gbara ọchịchịrị, na-acha nchara nchara ma belata ìhè. Mat nwekwara ike ịnakọta mmetọ, gụnyere microplastics, nke na-eme ka ọdịdị mmiri dịkwuo njọ.<ref name=":02" />
Imebi ''Sargassum'' na-ewepụkwa ihe ndị dị ndụ nke na-ebelata ogo mmiri dị nso n'ikpere mmiri. Nchịkọta a nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eduga na eutrophication.<ref name="JGH">{{Cite journal |last=Resiere |first=Dabor |last2=Kallel |first2=Hatem |last3=Florentin |first3=Jonathan |last4=Banydeen |first4=Rishika |last5=Compton |first5=Keats |last6=Gueye |first6=Papa |last7=Mehdaoui |first7=Hossein |last8=Neviere |first8=Remi |date=March 17, 2023 |title=Sargassum seaweed in the Caribbean: A major public health problem still unsolved |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10024476/ |journal=Journal of Global Health |volume=13 |page=03017 |doi=10.7189/jogh.13.03017 |issn=2047-2986 |pmc=10024476 |pmid=36929738}}</ref>
=== Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ahụike mmadụ ===
As beached ''Sargassum'' decomposes, it releases hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotting eggs, and can irritate the eyes and throat,<ref>{{Cite news|author=Marchante|first=Michelle|date=March 17, 2023|title=Miami Beach and the Keys could get loads of seaweed. It's smelly and can cause these symptoms|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/living/health-fitness/article273215890.html|work=[[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> being particularly harmful to people with respiratory problems such as asthma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Coto|first=Dánica|date=2022-08-03|title=Record amount of seaweed is choking shores in the Caribbean|url=https://apnews.com/article/travel-health-caribbean-6efc338cdfed7282300ea0d752b6d9fb|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210094539/https://apnews.com/article/travel-health-caribbean-6efc338cdfed7282300ea0d752b6d9fb|archivedate=December 10, 2022|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=[[AP News]]|language=en}}</ref> ''Vibrio'' bacteria, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis in extreme cases, are found in large numbers in the mats of seaweed..<ref name="lancet">{{Cite journal |last=Resiere |first=Dabor |last2=Valentino |first2=Ruddy |last3=Nevière |first3=Rémi |last4=Banydeen |first4=Rishika |last5=Gueye |first5=Papa |last6=Florentin |first6=Jonathan |last7=Cabié |first7=André |last8=Lebrun |first8=Thierry |last9=Mégarbane |first9=Bruno |last10=Guerrier |first10=Gilles |last11=Mehdaoui |first11=Hossein |date=December 22, 2018 |title=Sargassum seaweed on Caribbean islands: an international public health concern |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32777-6/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=392 |issue=10165 |page=2691 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32777-6 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=30587359|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="ehn">{{Cite web |last=Olivia Losbar |date=April 24, 2024 |title=From poisoning to skin diseases: multiple effects of sargassum on health - EHN |url=https://www.ehn.org/sargassum-effects-on-health |access-date=2026-08-04 |website=www.ehn.org |language=en}}</ref> The bacteria readily stick to ''Sargassum'' algae and the [[Ihe mkpofu mmiri|plastic debris]] that gets tangled in it.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Thomson|first=Jess|date=2023-05-30|title=Seaweed full of flesh-eating bacteria hitting Florida|url=https://www.newsweek.com/seaweed-flesh-eating-bacteria-florida-sargassum-1803326|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Luscombe|first=Richard|date=2023-06-03|title=Clumps of 5,000-mile seaweed blob bring flesh-eating bacteria to Florida|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/03/sargassum-seaweed-algae-florida-bacteria-vibrio|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yong|first=Ed|date=2019-07-04|title=Why Waves of Seaweed Have Been Smothering Caribbean Beaches|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-here-stay/593290/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316161559/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-here-stay/593290/|archive-date=March 16, 2023|access-date=2023-03-18|website=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-lAB1LyyWo |title=How is sargassum being removed from South Florida beaches? |date=June 30, 2025 |last=CBS Miami |access-date=2026-08-04 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The presence of ''Sargassum'' in coastal areas prevents residents from fishing for their own consumption in some cases, which has lead to food insecurity in areas.
=== Mmetụta akụ na ụba ===
Sargassum a ṅụrụ mmiri na-ere ere n'ụsọ osimiri, na-adọta ụmụ ahụhụ ma na-emetụta obodo ndị dị na Caribbean.[1] E nweela mbelata na njem nlegharị anya maka ọtụtụ mba dị na Caribbean n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke a pụrụ ikwu na ọ bụ echiche ọha na eze banyere Sargassum.<ref name=":02" />
Hydroids are carried by ''Sargassum.'' They can cause issues for the fishing and aquaculture industries, as they are known to cause rashes in humans and can adapt to many different environments.<ref name=":02" /> Fishermen in the Caribbean have often experienced less fishing activity in recent years and higher fish mortality due to the ''Sargassum'' belt. However, in some countries like the Dominican Republic, there have been reports of increased catch for certain species.<ref name=":02" />
Iwepụ ''Sargassum'' dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị oke ọnụ, na-eru ọtụtụ narị nde dollar n'ebe ụfọdụ. Nke a, tinyere mbelata nke ọrụ nke nnukwu ngalaba akụ na ụba, emeela ka mba ndị na-enwe idei mmiri ''Sargassum'' kwa afọ.<ref name=":02" />
While there is no single cause of the '''''GASB''''', the shape of the belt seems to align with circulation patterns of water in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Ihe na-akpata mkpokọta nke ''Sargassum'' bụ ihe na-edozi ahụ na-abanye n'ime Atlantic site na mmiri nke Amazon na-ewepụta na mmiri na-asọba na West Africa. Algae esighị n'Oké Osimiri Sargasso dị nso dị ka e chepụtara na mbụ, dịka ''Sargassum'' mats a hụrụ n'oké osimiri ahụ nwere ụdị ọdịdị dị iche iche nke ''Sargassum'' karịa ndị na-achịkwa Sargassum Belt.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schell|first=Jeffrey|date=2015-09-01|title=Recent Sargassum Inundation Events in the Caribbean: Shipboard Observations Reveal Dominance of a Previously Rare Form|url=https://archive.org/details/oceanography_2015-09_28_3/page/8|journal=Oceanography|volume=28|issue=3|pages=8–10|doi=10.5670/oceanog.2015.70|issn=1042-8275}}</ref>
Akụkụ ndị e mere ka ha yie ihe na-egosi na ''Sargassum'' na-abanye n'etiti Atlantic site na West Africa.<ref name="sciencemag" />
== Ọdịnihu nke okooko osisi ==
A na-ebu amụma na GASB ga-anọgide na-apụta site n'afọ ruo n'afọ ka mkpụrụ ka dị na okpomọkụ na mmiri ga-anọgidekwa na-enweta enrichment nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na ala.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Scientific and technological advances are allowing scientists to better study and mitigate the impacts of the ''GASB.'' There may be ways to harvest ''Sargassum'' and use it in energy production in the future, thus creating a sustainable use for biomass.<ref name="sciencemag" /> In the future, forecasting events and taking preventative action will be more cost effective than initiatives to clean ''Sargassum'' off of beaches.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Great Calcite Belt
* Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa n'ebe ugwu Atlantic
== Edensibịa ==
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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[[Faịlụ:Sargasso_2.svg|thumb|<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#ff8025|The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt}} <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#65bf8b|[[Sargasso Sea]]}} <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend-line|#63afd5 solid 5px|major currents in the North Atlantic}}]]
""Oke Osimiri Sargassum Ukwu nke Atlantic" ("GASB"'") bụ okooko ""[[Sargassum]]" na-apụtaghachi n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic". Ọ bụ [[Okoko Algal|okooko macroalgae]] kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa ruo taa.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=López Miranda | first1=José Luis | last2=Celis | first2=Lourdes B. | last3=Estévez | first3=Miriam | last4=Chávez | first4=Valeria | last5=van Tussenbroek | first5=Brigitta I. | last6=Uribe-Martínez | first6=Abigail | last7=Cuevas | first7=Eduardo | last8=Rosillo Pantoja | first8=Izarelly | last9=Masia | first9=Luis | last10=Cauich-Kantun | first10=Citlali | last11=Silva | first11=Rodolfo | title=Commercial Potential of Pelagic Sargassum spp. in Mexico | journal=Frontiers in Marine Science | publisher=Frontiers Media SA | volume=8 | date=2021-11-12 | article-number=768470 | issn=2296-7745 | doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.768470| doi-access=free | bibcode=2021FrMaS...868470L }} {{symbol|CC-BY icon.svg|50}} Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=October 16, 2017 }}.</ref>
GASB nwere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na osimiri, ịdị mma mmiri, na ihe ndị dị ndụ, yana mmetụta ahụike na ụmụ mmadụ. Mmalite nke okooko a emetụtala akụnụba, karịsịa mba ndị metụtara na Caribbean..<ref name="sciencemag">{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|url=https://archive.org/details/science_2019-07-05_365_6448/page/83|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shao |first=Elena |date=2023-04-19 |title=Those Seaweed Blobs Headed for Florida? See How Big They Are. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/04/19/climate/seaweed-florida-sargassum.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Ọdịnihu nke okooko osisi ==
[[Faịlụ:Punta-Tuna-Beach-Sargassum-Close-Up-Wide.jpg|thumb|245x245px|''Sargassum'' a na-asacha na Punta Tuna Beach, Puerto Rico]]
[[Faịlụ:Great_Atlantic_Sargassum_Belt.jpg|thumb|Mmepe nke belt 2011-2018]]
Mats nke ''Sargassum'' na mpaghara a nke Atlantic abụghị ihe ọhụrụ, ebe a kọrọ na ọ dịla na narị afọ nke iri na ise.<ref name="sciencemag" /> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2011, okooko osisi buru ibu nke ukwuu iji pụta ìhè na foto satellite pụtara na nke mbụ ya, ọ pụtakwara ọtụtụ oge ọkọchị kemgbe ahụ.<ref name="sciencemag" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Barberton|first=Zan|date=2023-03-07|title=The creeping threat of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-seaweed-visible-from-space|accessdate=2023-03-18}}</ref> A na-eche na nnukwu okooko osisi a na 2011 sitere na mmiri na-asọsi ike na mmiri dị elu n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Nanị afọ okooko osisi ahụ apụtaghị bụ 2013. Enweghị okooko osisi ''Sargassum'' na 2013 dugara n'ịchịkọta ihe oriri, na-emepụta ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka nnukwu okooko osisi na 2014 na afọ ndị sochirinụ.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Na June 2022, e mere atụmatụ na belt ahụ dị nde tọn 24.2.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}</ref> E ji ọtụtụ patches mee ya, ụfọdụ ruo otu acre n'elu.<ref name="natgeo">{{Cite web|author=Gibbens|first=Sarah|date=2023-03-16|title=A giant, rotting mass of seaweed threatens beach season in the U.S.|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/seaweed-blob-great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-beach-threat|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318091222/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/seaweed-blob-great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-beach-threat|archivedate=March 18, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-18|work=[[National Geographic]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="harm">{{Cite journal |last=Rodríguez-Martínez |first=R. E. |last2=Ramírez Said |first2=S. |last3=Gómez-Reali |first3=M. A. |last4=Rosales-Fuerte |first4=S. |last5=Pech Figueroa |first5=J. |last6=Costa |first6=M. |last7=Veras |first7=M. M. |date=April 1, 2026 |title=Assessment of hydrogen sulfide exposure in shoreline cleanup workers during the 2025 Atlantic Sargassum bloom |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988326000442 |journal=Harmful Algae |volume=154 |article-number=103092 |doi=10.1016/j.hal.2026.103092 |issn=1568-9883|doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:SargassumBarbados_(cropped1).jpg|thumb|Otu kilomita n'obosara (0.62 mi) nke sargassum n'Oké Osimiri Caribbean]]
== Mmetụta ==
=== Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ===
During heavy blooms, the huge tangles of seaweed can ensnare larger wildlife like dolphins, sometimes fatally. Huge amounts of seaweed wash up on beaches, rotting and attracting insects. Epibionts living on ''Sargassum'' alter naturally occurring seaweed and seagrasses that get washed up, impacting habitats, food webs, and nutrient cycling.<ref name=":02" /> When mats of ''Sargassum'' are present, macrophytes and mangroves experience less growth due to a lack of sunlight penetrating the water.<ref name=":02" /> Additionally, accumulation of ''Sargassum'' on beaches can raise the temperature of nearby sea turtle nests, impacting nesting patterns in the future and the hatchling sex ratio.<ref name=mh>{{Cite news |last=Ashley Miznazi |date=May 11, 2026 |title=Miami-Dade's sargassum problem isn't going away — and neither are the costs |url= https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/climate-change/article315643213.html#storylink=cpy}}</ref> Pelagic ''Sargassum'' is an important source of biodiversity in the region as it hosts a whole ecosystem, including many endemic species.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}</ref> Pelagic ''Sargassum'' may also act as a minor carbon sink. With declining conditions in coastal ecosystems like marshes and mangroves due to human activity, this could play an increasingly important role in decreasing atmospheric carbon.
''Sargassum'' na-emetụta usoro nri n'ihi ihe oriri na algae ndị ọzọ dị na mmiri nke na-agbanwe omume nri nke anụmanụ na-eri ahịhịa na mmiri na-adịghị omimi <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}</ref>
Nchịkọta nke ''Sargassum'' n'akụkụ osimiri na-ahapụ ihe dị n'ime mmiri, na-akpata ọdịdị gbara ọchịchịrị, na-acha nchara nchara ma belata ìhè. Mat nwekwara ike ịnakọta mmetọ, gụnyere microplastics, nke na-eme ka ọdịdị mmiri dịkwuo njọ.<ref name=":02" />
Imebi ''Sargassum'' na-ewepụkwa ihe ndị dị ndụ nke na-ebelata ogo mmiri dị nso n'ikpere mmiri. Nchịkọta a nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eduga na eutrophication.<ref name="JGH">{{Cite journal |last=Resiere |first=Dabor |last2=Kallel |first2=Hatem |last3=Florentin |first3=Jonathan |last4=Banydeen |first4=Rishika |last5=Compton |first5=Keats |last6=Gueye |first6=Papa |last7=Mehdaoui |first7=Hossein |last8=Neviere |first8=Remi |date=March 17, 2023 |title=Sargassum seaweed in the Caribbean: A major public health problem still unsolved |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10024476/ |journal=Journal of Global Health |volume=13 |page=03017 |doi=10.7189/jogh.13.03017 |issn=2047-2986 |pmc=10024476 |pmid=36929738}}</ref>
=== Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ahụike mmadụ ===
As beached ''Sargassum'' decomposes, it releases hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotting eggs, and can irritate the eyes and throat,<ref>{{Cite news|author=Marchante|first=Michelle|date=March 17, 2023|title=Miami Beach and the Keys could get loads of seaweed. It's smelly and can cause these symptoms|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/living/health-fitness/article273215890.html|work=[[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> being particularly harmful to people with respiratory problems such as asthma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Coto|first=Dánica|date=2022-08-03|title=Record amount of seaweed is choking shores in the Caribbean|url=https://apnews.com/article/travel-health-caribbean-6efc338cdfed7282300ea0d752b6d9fb|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210094539/https://apnews.com/article/travel-health-caribbean-6efc338cdfed7282300ea0d752b6d9fb|archivedate=December 10, 2022|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=[[AP News]]|language=en}}</ref> ''Vibrio'' bacteria, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis in extreme cases, are found in large numbers in the mats of seaweed..<ref name="lancet">{{Cite journal |last=Resiere |first=Dabor |last2=Valentino |first2=Ruddy |last3=Nevière |first3=Rémi |last4=Banydeen |first4=Rishika |last5=Gueye |first5=Papa |last6=Florentin |first6=Jonathan |last7=Cabié |first7=André |last8=Lebrun |first8=Thierry |last9=Mégarbane |first9=Bruno |last10=Guerrier |first10=Gilles |last11=Mehdaoui |first11=Hossein |date=December 22, 2018 |title=Sargassum seaweed on Caribbean islands: an international public health concern |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32777-6/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=392 |issue=10165 |page=2691 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32777-6 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=30587359|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="ehn">{{Cite web |last=Olivia Losbar |date=April 24, 2024 |title=From poisoning to skin diseases: multiple effects of sargassum on health - EHN |url=https://www.ehn.org/sargassum-effects-on-health |access-date=2026-08-04 |website=www.ehn.org |language=en}}</ref> The bacteria readily stick to ''Sargassum'' algae and the [[Ihe mkpofu mmiri|plastic debris]] that gets tangled in it.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Thomson|first=Jess|date=2023-05-30|title=Seaweed full of flesh-eating bacteria hitting Florida|url=https://www.newsweek.com/seaweed-flesh-eating-bacteria-florida-sargassum-1803326|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Luscombe|first=Richard|date=2023-06-03|title=Clumps of 5,000-mile seaweed blob bring flesh-eating bacteria to Florida|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/03/sargassum-seaweed-algae-florida-bacteria-vibrio|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yong|first=Ed|date=2019-07-04|title=Why Waves of Seaweed Have Been Smothering Caribbean Beaches|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-here-stay/593290/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316161559/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-here-stay/593290/|archive-date=March 16, 2023|access-date=2023-03-18|website=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-lAB1LyyWo |title=How is sargassum being removed from South Florida beaches? |date=June 30, 2025 |last=CBS Miami |access-date=2026-08-04 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The presence of ''Sargassum'' in coastal areas prevents residents from fishing for their own consumption in some cases, which has lead to food insecurity in areas.
=== Mmetụta akụ na ụba ===
Sargassum a ṅụrụ mmiri na-ere ere n'ụsọ osimiri, na-adọta ụmụ ahụhụ ma na-emetụta obodo ndị dị na Caribbean.[1] E nweela mbelata na njem nlegharị anya maka ọtụtụ mba dị na Caribbean n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke a pụrụ ikwu na ọ bụ echiche ọha na eze banyere Sargassum.<ref name=":02" />
Hydroids are carried by ''Sargassum.'' They can cause issues for the fishing and aquaculture industries, as they are known to cause rashes in humans and can adapt to many different environments.<ref name=":02" /> Fishermen in the Caribbean have often experienced less fishing activity in recent years and higher fish mortality due to the ''Sargassum'' belt. However, in some countries like the Dominican Republic, there have been reports of increased catch for certain species.<ref name=":02" />
Iwepụ ''Sargassum'' dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị oke ọnụ, na-eru ọtụtụ narị nde dollar n'ebe ụfọdụ. Nke a, tinyere mbelata nke ọrụ nke nnukwu ngalaba akụ na ụba, emeela ka mba ndị na-enwe idei mmiri ''Sargassum'' kwa afọ.<ref name=":02" />
While there is no single cause of the '''''GASB''''', the shape of the belt seems to align with circulation patterns of water in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Ihe na-akpata mkpokọta nke ''Sargassum'' bụ ihe na-edozi ahụ na-abanye n'ime Atlantic site na mmiri nke Amazon na-ewepụta na mmiri na-asọba na West Africa. Algae esighị n'Oké Osimiri Sargasso dị nso dị ka e chepụtara na mbụ, dịka ''Sargassum'' mats a hụrụ n'oké osimiri ahụ nwere ụdị ọdịdị dị iche iche nke ''Sargassum'' karịa ndị na-achịkwa Sargassum Belt.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schell|first=Jeffrey|date=2015-09-01|title=Recent Sargassum Inundation Events in the Caribbean: Shipboard Observations Reveal Dominance of a Previously Rare Form|url=https://archive.org/details/oceanography_2015-09_28_3/page/8|journal=Oceanography|volume=28|issue=3|pages=8–10|doi=10.5670/oceanog.2015.70|issn=1042-8275}}</ref>
Akụkụ ndị e mere ka ha yie ihe na-egosi na ''Sargassum'' na-abanye n'etiti Atlantic site na West Africa.<ref name="sciencemag" />
== Ọdịnihu nke okooko osisi ==
A na-ebu amụma na GASB ga-anọgide na-apụta site n'afọ ruo n'afọ ka mkpụrụ ka dị na okpomọkụ na mmiri ga-anọgidekwa na-enweta enrichment nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na ala.<ref name="sciencemag" />
Scientific and technological advances are allowing scientists to better study and mitigate the impacts of the ''GASB.'' There may be ways to harvest ''Sargassum'' and use it in energy production in the future, thus creating a sustainable use for biomass.<ref name="sciencemag" /> In the future, forecasting events and taking preventative action will be more cost effective than initiatives to clean ''Sargassum'' off of beaches.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Great Calcite Belt
* Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa n'ebe ugwu Atlantic
== Edensibịa ==
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
lndmcqut5ltszlbgsbgor1jnvs8jtxy
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mba Nile Trans Amadi
0
79167
705058
2026-08-19T11:26:29Z
10kdollz
19775
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256915918|Trans Amadi International School]]"
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Trans Amadi International School (TAIS), nke bụbu Michelin School, bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na-enweta nke na Port Harcourt, Rivers State. E akara ya na 1980 maka ụmụ ndị ọrụ nke Michelin Factory na Trans Amadi, mana o mechara bụrụ Trans Amadi International School na 1988.
Ugbu a, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekọta ụmụaka sitere n’akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ, ndị nọ n’agbata afọ 2 na 11. Ọ dị na 32 St. Andrew’s Street, Rumuobiakani, Trans Amadi, n’ime Obio-Akpor Local Goomenti Area.
== Hụkwa ==
* Ndepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Port Harcourt
== Edensibia ==
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Official website
cpp0mgn8lp80vu0cduzdg80epvzpiil
Saint Anthony's Catholic High School
0
79168
705059
2026-08-19T11:33:06Z
10kdollz
19775
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357476815|Saint Anthony's Catholic High School]]"
705059
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St. Anthony's Catholic High School ma ọ bụ '''SACHS''' bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Katọlik e guzobere na 1996 wee malite ọrụ zuru oke na 1997. Ọ dị na [[Ijofi]], Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N’ihi arịrịọ siri ike sitere n’aka ndị nne na nna ụmụ akwụkwọ Franciscan Nursery and Primary School na ndị obodo, Diocese Roman Catholic nke Osogbo kpebiri ịtọlite ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke onwe ya na Ilesa, Osun State.
Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1996, e guzobere ebe nwa oge na ogige nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara nke Ijofi-Ilesa Franciscan na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, nke nyere ụfọdụ klas na ihe ndị dị mkpa, na-echere mmepe nke ebe na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe dị ka ala 60, nke nwere ihe dị ka [[Hectare|hekta]] iri n'okporo ụzọ Iyemogun.
== Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ==
Reverend Mary O. Gerard na Chief Lawrence Ade Ogedengbe ka a họpụtara ka ha bụrụ onye nchịkwa mbụ na onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n’usoro n’usoro.
== Ebumnuche na Ihe Ebumnucha ==
Iji kwekọọ na iwu gọọmentị gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ebumnuche na ebumnuche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dịka ndị nna guzobere ya si kọwaa ya gụnyere:
* Nkwadebe nke ụmụ akwụkwọ maka ndụ bara uru na ọha mmadụ na maka agụmakwụkwọ ka elu
* Inye ohere agụmakwụkwọ dị elu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, n'agbanyeghị okike, ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, okpukpe na agbụrụ.
== Ndị Ọsụ Ụzọ ==
Ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere Barr. Demilade Olaosun, Deboye Ifaturoti, Dr. Foluso Ajani, Dr. Kuteyi Opeyemi, Alex Oni, Afolabi Wright, Segun Ayoola, Dele Olakunle, Oyeyemi Ayeni, Lekan Olatunji, Evangeline Babatunde ịkpọ aha ole na ole.
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/babeg.html|accessdate=2008-08-18|title=Bishop Gabriel 'Leke Abegunrin biography|publisher=Catholic Hierarchy.org}}
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/osog0.htm Diocese Osogo]
m3wnririd4z7ovzvd7uox9b9evr0cb1
National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria
0
79169
705060
2026-08-19T11:39:30Z
Senator Choko
13011
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354867225|National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>
'''National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ [[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|Gọọmentị etiti]] nke ministri ahụike, nke a na-ahụ maka ọzụzụ nke ndị dọkịta na ndị dọkịta ezé na obodo Naịjirịa.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E guzobere ya na Septemba 24, n'afo 1979, n'okpuru iwu National Postgraduate Medical College nke Nọmba 67 ugbu a bụ isi N59 Iwu nke Federation nke afo 2004. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-02|title=About – npmcn.edu.ng|url=https://npmcn.edu.ng/about-us/|accessdate=2024-02-10|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum dị elu n'ọkwa kachasị elu nke agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na Naịjirịa, na-emepụta ndị ọkachamara ahụike, ịwa ahụ, na ezé/ndị ọkachamara n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike nwere ike inye nyocha, nkuzi na nlekọta ahụike klaasị ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://leadership.ng/news/health/460362/npmcn-urges-federal-govt-to-release-fund|title=NPMCN Urges Federal Govt To Release Fund|accessdate=September 15, 2015|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>
== Ule ọkachamara ==
Kọleji ahụ na-ahazi ule mkpakọrịta nke akụkụ nke mbụ na nke abụọ (nke ikpeazụ) maka ndị dọkịta ahụike na ezé na ọzụzụ obibi, yana ule mkpakọrịta nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ ngalaba. Ịga nke ọma na ule nke akụkụ nke abụọ na-eduga na onyinye nke Fellow of the Medical College (FMC). A na-ede ule ndị a ugboro abụọ n'afọ n'ofe mba ahụ. A na-emekwa mmemme diploma na ngalaba ụfọdụ, ebe a na-eme ọmụmụ ihe maka ndị na-amụ ọrụ na ngalaba niile kwa afọ. Kọleji ahụ na-achịkwa Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, akwụkwọ akụkọ MEDLINE nke a na-ebipụta kwa ọnwa atọ. Na Septemba 14, n'afo 2015, kọleji ahụ tara ahụhụ ma jụ mgbasa nke Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria site n'aka Muhammadu Buhari, onye isi ala Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ. O kwuru na mwepụ dị otú ahụ nke kansụl ga-akpali aghụghọ na mmejọ na ngalaba ahụike. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailytimes.com.ng/dissolution-medical-dental-council/|title=Dissolution Of Medical And Dental Council|work=Daily Times|accessdate=September 15, 2015}}</ref>
A na-enyocha òtù ahụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya maka enweghị mmasị ya n'ụwa niile, maka agụmakwụkwọ ahụike emelitere nke ọma ma e jiri ya tụnyere mba ndị ọzọ, nakwa maka nnabata pere mpe nke asambodo mkpakọrịta ya n'akụkụ ụwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, akụkọ ndị dị otú ahụ amalitela ịgbanwe kemgbe ewebatara ụdị dọkịta Britain nke postgraduate Doctor of Medicine (MD) na Clinical Sciences n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. MD, asambodo nhọrọ nke dabara na nzere PhD, bụ nzere tupu akụkụ nke abụọ (fellowship).
== Ngalaba ==
Kọleji ahụ nwere ngalaba iri na isii, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://npmcn.edu.ng/faculties/#|title=Faculties|work=npmcn.edu.ng|accessdate=September 15, 2015}}</ref> gụnyere:
* Ngalaba nke Anaesthesia
* Ngalaba Ịwa Ahụ Ezé
* Ngalaba Nkà Mmụta Ezinụlọ
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ezé Ezinụlọ
* Ngalaba nke Internal Medicine
* Ngalaba nke Obstetrics na Gynaecology
* Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọrịa anya
* Ngalaba nke Orthopaedics
* Ngalaba nke Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrịa Ụmụaka
* Ngalaba nke Pathology
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrịa Uche
* Ngalaba nke Ahụike Ọha na Ọgwụ Obodo
* Ngalaba nke Radiology
* Ngalaba Ịwa Ahụ
* Ngalaba Ọgwụ Mberede
== Ndị ndu kọleji ==
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, kọleji ahụ ekwupụtala Prọfesọ Peter Ebeigbe, prọfesọ nke ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na [[Mahadum Delta State|Mahadum Delta State, Abraka,]] dịka onyeisi oche ọhụrụ nke kọleji ahụ, a ga-emekwa emume nhọpụta ahụ na Machị 1,n'afo 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-02|title=Dr. Ebeigbe – npmcn.edu.ng|url=https://npmcn.edu.ng/team/president/|accessdate=2024-02-10|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
{{Authority control}}
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Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ray Jacobs
0
79170
705061
2026-08-19T11:47:59Z
10kdollz
19775
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357476100|Ray Jacobs Boarding School]]"
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{| class="infobox vcard ib-school"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ray Jacobs
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:RJBS_Logo.jpg|161x161px]]
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[
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{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[6.881794890663483,5.729574666390854],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Ray Jacobs Boarding School","marker-symbol":"school"}}
]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div>
|- class="adr"
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">Mgbidi, steeti Imo</div><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]</div>
|-
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Ihe ọmụma
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị
| class="infobox-data" |[[Private school|Nkeonwe]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụkpụrụ nduzi
| class="infobox-data" |"Ịbụ Onye Kasị Mma"
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |E guzobere ya
| class="infobox-data" |1995
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class="infobox-data" |[http://www.rayjacobsschool.com/ www.rayjacobsschool.com]
|}
Ray Jacobs Boarding School bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị nke dị na [[Mgbidi]], Imo State na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ malitere dị ka naanị ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ma gbakwunye ngalaba sekọndrị na 2012. Ray Jacobs Boarding School enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye ma na mba ma na mba ụwa. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ onye otu American Montessori Society .
[[Faịlụ:Secondary_School_Classroom.jpg|thumb|Ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na klas]]
== Ntinye aka ==
Ray Jacobs Boarding School na-anabata ihe ruru ụmụ akwụkwọ iri isii kwa afọ n’otu klas JSS1. A naghị eme nnabata n’etiti afọ agụmakwụkwọ. A na-enyocha ndị niile chọrọ ịbanye site n’ule ikike, ma a na-ahọrọ naanị ndị gosipụtara ezigbo arụmọrụ. A na-enye ndị chọrọ ịbanye ohere itinye akwụkwọ site n’ụzọ ịntanetị, ebe nnabata n’ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-adabere n’ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ịbanye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rayjacobsschool.com/#!admissions/c12kg|title=Ray Jacobs Boarding School | Nigeria}}</ref>
== Ndụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ==
Ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ gụnyere:
* [[Faịlụ:Cultural_Day_Ray_Jacobs.jpg|thumb|207x207px|Ememe Ụbọchị Omenala]]Njem ezumike kwa afọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị niile na ebe dị iche iche gụnyere [[Calabar]], [[Ghana]], [[Kenya|Benin, Togo, South Africa]], [[Europe]] na United States.
* Njem na njedebe nke oge ọ bụla maka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile.
* Egwuregwu ndị gụnyere egwuregwu n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ
* Ọrụ Obodo
* Klọb ndị gụnyere Drama, Music, Computer, JETS, Press, Literary, Skill Acquisition, Young Farmers wdg.
Ụlọ obibi ahụ nwere ụmụ akwụkwọ si na ngalaba praịmarị na nke sekọndrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rayjacobsschool.com/#!extracurricular-activities/c4l|title=Ray Jacobs Boarding School | Nigeria}}</ref>
== Ndị ọkà mmụta ==
A na-ekewa afọ agụmakwụkwọ ụzọ atọ. Tupu ụmụaka amalite klas nkịtị, e nwere ngalaba Montessori maka ụmụaka dị obere. N’ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, otu onye nkuzi na-ahụ maka ịkụziri klas ya ihe ọmụmụ niile, a na-emekwa nyocha oge niile iji tụọ ọganihu ụmụ akwụkwọ. N’ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ndị nkuzi dị iche iche na-ahụ maka isiokwu ọmụmụ dị iche iche. Mgbe nyocha ọ bụla gachara, a na-agbakọ nkezi akara nwa akwụkwọ. A na-etinye nwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla nwetara ihe na-erughị akara 60 na nnwale agụmakwụkwọ iji nyochaa ma ọ ga-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rayjacobsschool.com/#!academics/c1g70|title=Ray Jacobs Boarding School | Nigeria}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Secondary_Science_Building.jpg|thumb|243x243px|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị nke Abụọ]]
== Edensibia ==
<references />
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
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Bereton Montessori Nursery na Primary School
0
79171
705062
2026-08-19T11:49:24Z
Febechukwu Chukwudi
64034
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346580656|Bereton Montessori Nursery and Primary School]]"
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{{Infobox school
| image = File:Bereton Montessori Early Years, Primary and Secondary School logo 01.png
| motto = Diligence and Excellence
| location =
| address = 8 Ernest Ikoli Street, Old GRA, and
Plot 270, Liberation Stadium Road, GRA Phase IV, Rumumasi,
| city = Port Harcourt
| state = Rivers State
| country = Nigeria
| schooltype = Early Years {{!}} Primary {{!}} Secondary School
| established = 1978
| founder = Chief (Mrs.) Victoria Diete-Spiff
| sister_school = Charles Dale Memorial International School
| category = School
| school_number = +2348150903460
| director = Princess Elfrida Omole
| nursery_years_taught = 3 - 5 Years
| primary_years_taught = Basic 1–6
| secondary_years_taught = Basic 7–12
| campus_type = Day school
| website = https://beretonmontessori.com
| picture = File:Bereton Montessori Early Years, Primary and Secondary School induction.jpg
}}<templatestyles src="Infobox school/styles.css"></templatestyles>
{| class="infobox vcard ib-school"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Bereton Montessori Nursery na Primary School
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Bereton_Montessori_Early_Years,_Primary_and_Secondary_School_logo_01.png|frameless]]
|-
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Ebe
|-
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]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div>
|- class="adr"
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">8 Ernest Ikoli Street, Old GRA, na Plot 270, Liberation Stadium Road, GRA Phase IV, Rumumasi,</div><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Harcourt</div>,<div class="region" style="display:inline;">Steeti Osimiri</div><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Naịjirịa</div>
|-
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Ihe ọmụma
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị ụlọ akwụkwọ
| class="infobox-data" |Afọ ndị mbụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụkpụrụ nduzi
| class="infobox-data" |Ịrụsi Ike na Ịdị Mma
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |E guzobere ya
| class="infobox-data" |1978
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onye guzobere ya
| class="infobox-data" |Onye isi (Mrs.) Victoria Diete-Spiff
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Sister school|Ụlọ akwụkwọ nwanne nwanyị]]</div>
| class="infobox-data" |Charles Dale Memorial International School
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị
| class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ akwụkwọ
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Nọmba ụlọ akwụkwọ</div>
| class="infobox-data" | +2348150903460
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onye nduzi
| class="infobox-data" |Princess Elfrida Omole
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Afọ ndị a kụziri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara</div>
| class="infobox-data" |Afọ 3 - 5
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Afọ ndị a kụziri na ya</div>
| class="infobox-data" |Isi 1-6
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Afọ sekọndrị a kụziiri</div>
| class="infobox-data" |Ihe bụ́ isi 7-12
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ụdị ụlọ akwụkwọ</div>
| class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụbọchị
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class="infobox-data" |https://beretonmontessori.com
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Bereton_Montessori_Early_Years,_Primary_and_Secondary_School_induction.jpg|frameless]]
|}
Bereton Montessori Early Years, Primary and Secondary School bụ ụlọakwụkwọ onwe onye, nke ndị nwoke na nwanyị, dị na Rivers State, Nigeria. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere alaka na Old GRA na Stadium Road na Port Harcourt. Dị ka aha ya na-egosi, ụlọakwụkwọ ahụ nwere ụlọakwụkwọ ntaakara, ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndịrị nke Gọọmentị Svate nke s kwadoro.
Victoria Diete Spiff, bụ́ ada Dale, hiwere ụlọakwụkwọ Bereton Montessori. E meghere ụlọakwụkwọ ahụ n'ụbọchị iri dị n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1978 dị ka ụlọakwụkwọ nta akara. Mgbe e bidoro ya, ụlọakwụkwọ ahụ nwere ihe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ otu narị na iri abụọ n'ime ụlọ klassị asatọ. E welitere ọkwa ya site n'ịgbakwunye ngalaba ụlọakwụkwọ praịmarị na Jenụwarị n'afọ 1983.
Bereton Montessori nwere njikọ na Charles Dale Memorial International School . <ref name="Bereton1">{{Cite web|title=The Story Of Bereton|url=http://beretonmontessori.com/the-story-of-bereton/|accessdate=23 May 2016|work=Beretonmontessori.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624035334/http://beretonmontessori.com/the-story-of-bereton/|archivedate=24 June 2016}}</ref>
== Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ a ma ama ==
{{Port Harcourt}}
* [[Agbani Darego]] - ihe nlereanya Naijiria na ezenwanyị mara mma <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Authority Icon: AGBANI DAREGO|url=http://www.authorityngr.com/2016/02/The-Authority-Icon--AGBANI-DAREGO/|accessdate=23 May 2016|date=27 February 2016|work=[[The Authority (newspaper)|The Authority]]}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Ndepụta ụlọakwụkwọ ndị dị na Port Harcourt
* Charles Dale Memorial International School
{{Clear}}
== Edensibịa ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Official website
{{Port Harcourt}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
sy1jhyjvr79769uenr1x683o7oehwej
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ German Abuja
0
79172
705063
2026-08-19T11:49:45Z
Paramount victory
61785
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357259966|German School Abuja]]"
705063
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{| class="infobox vcard ib-school"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Ụlọ Akwụkwọ German Abuja
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="nickname">[[German language|German]]: ''Deutsche Schule Abuja''</div>
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[
{"properties":{"title":"German School Abuja","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q19461326"},
{"properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"German School Abuja"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q19461326"},
{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[7.39167,9.078908],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"German School Abuja","marker-symbol":"school"}}
]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div>
|- class="adr"
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Abuja]]</div><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]</div>
|-
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Ihe ọmụma
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị ụlọ akwụkwọ
| class="infobox-data" |[[International school|Ụlọ akwụkwọ mba ụwa]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Klas
| class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara - Klas 5
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Asụsụ
| class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist">
* German
* [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]
</div>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mmekọrịta
| class="infobox-data" |[[Julius Berger]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.dsa-nigeria.com/ www.dsa-nigeria.com]</span>
|}
{{International schools in Nigeria}}{{German schools in Africa}}'''Ụlọ akwụkwọ German Abuja''' ( German ) bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke mba Jamanị dị n'ogige Julius Berger Life Camp dị na [[Gwarinpa]], [[Abuja]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Klas ya na-aga site na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ruo na klas nke ise. Ụlọ ọrụ owuwu [[Julius Berger|Julius Berger Nigeria PLC]] na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.
Dị ka ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mba German, ụlọ akwụkwọ Abuja dị obere karịa ụlọ akwụkwọ mba ụwa ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ n'ihi na ọ na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ amaala German na ndị na-asụ German, ọ na-anabatakwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị asụ German.E mere ndokwa ịmalite ịnye iyi asụsụ Bekee n'afọ 2017.
== Edensibia ==
{{Coord missing|Nigeria}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://www.dsa-nigeria.com/ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ German Abuja]
{{Coord missing|Nigeria}}{{International schools in Nigeria}}{{German schools in Africa}}{{Coord missing|Nigeria}}{{German schools in Africa}}{{Coord missing|Nigeria}}
85qsmn6ytqn2rm2oes9ljqx6zy2g2t6
Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba
0
79173
705064
2026-08-19T11:50:04Z
Ikechukwu Goodness
65571
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359705692|Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba]]"
705064
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ Agụmakwụkwọ ka elu nke gọọmentị etiti dị na Asaba City, Delta State, Naịjịrịa . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-04|title=List of Accredited Colleges of Education in Nigeria|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/colleges-of-education-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NCCE Online|url=http://www.ncceonline.edu.ng/colleges.php|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=www.ncceonline.edu.ng|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213105/http://www.ncceonline.edu.ng/colleges.php}}</ref> Ọ nwere njikọ na [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Mahadum Benin (Naijira)]] maka mmemme nzere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNIBEN approves 5 additional degree courses for Federal College of Education Technical Asaba - Samphina Nigeria|url=https://samphina.com.ng/federal-college-education-technical-asaba-undergraduate-courses/|work=Samphina Nigeria|date=26 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ASABA|url=https://universitycompass.com/colleges/Federal-College-of-Education-Asaba.php|work=Universitycompass}}</ref> Kọleji ahụ malitere n'afọ 1987 na ụlọ akwụkwọ [[Asaba]] Technical koleji, (ATC) na ebe nwa oge ya. Asaba bụ Urban Center na-emepe ngwa ngwa na isi ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa nke Delta State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FCE Asaba Gets First Female Provost {{!}} Independent Newspapers Nigeria|url=https://www.independent.ng/fcet-asaba-gets-first-female-provost/|accessdate=2020-10-27|work=www.independent.ng}}</ref> Ugbua, onye isi nke ụlọakwụkwọ Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba bụ Josephine Anene-Okakwa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-04|title=Lecturers, Students, Accuse Federal College Of Education Provost Of Nepotism, Highhandedness, Intimidation|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/03/04/lecturers-students-accuse-federal-college-education-provost-nepotism-highhandedness|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref>
E guzobere ụlọakwụkwọ Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba n'afo 1987. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-03-29|title=Asaba College to commence NOUN programme|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/asaba-college-to-commence-noun-programme/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Septemba n'afọ 1987, kọleji ahụ meghere maka azụmahịa na ebe nwa oge dị ugbu a nke nwere Asaba Technical College, Asaba. Kọleji ahụ akwagala n'ebe ọ nọ ogologo oge na Asaba's Ibusa Road. Agụmakwụkwọ azụmahịa, agụmakwụkwọ teknụzụ, na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ọrụ aka akwagala n'ebe na-adịgide adịgide nke kọleji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://fcetasaba-edu.ng/history/|accessdate=2024-03-06|work=Federal College College of Education (Technical) Asaba|language=en-US}}</ref>
Ọbá akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ ọbá akwụkwọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere akụrụngwa ozi na-akwado nkuzi na mmụta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ASABA|url=https://universitycompass.com/colleges/Federal-College-of-Education-Asaba.php|work=Universitycompass}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://universitycompass.com/colleges/Federal-College-of-Education-Asaba.php "FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ASABA"]. ''Universitycompass''.</cite></ref>
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye nkuzi ndị a;<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=I. J. N.|date=2020-10-14|title=Full List of Courses Offered In Federal College Of Education Asaba (FCEASABA)|url=https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fceasaba-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=ITSJAMBNEWS|language=en-US|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213336/https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fceasaba-courses/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Samphina Academy|date=2019-02-26|title=Courses in Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba|url=https://samphina.com.ng/federal-college-education-technical-asaba-undergraduate-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Samphina Academy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=Full List of FCET Asaba Courses Offered For 2020/2021|url=https://schoolinfo.com.ng/federal-college-of-education-technical-asaba-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Schoolinfo.com.ng|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Real Mina Blog|date=2019-03-08|title=List of Courses in Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba (FCETASABA)|url=https://www.realmina.com/2019/03/list-of-courses-in-federal-college-of-education-technical-asaba-fcetasaba/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Real Mina Blog|language=en-US|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214842/https://www.realmina.com/2019/03/list-of-courses-in-federal-college-of-education-technical-asaba-fcetasaba/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2021-01-01|title=FCETASABA New Courses and Requirement {{!}} See Full list of Courses Offered in Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba|url=https://topinfoguide.com/school-news/fcetasaba-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=TOP INFO GUIDE|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sayensị ọrụ ugbo|Sayensị Ọrụ Ugbo]]
* Sayensị na agụmakwụkwọ
* Mmụta Azụmaahịa
* Mmuta kọmputa Science Education/Integrated Science
* Kọmputa Science Education/Mathematics
* Mmụta na Biology
* Agụmakwụkwọ na Chemistry
* Agụmakwụkwọ na Sayensị Jikọtara
* Agụmakwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ
* Agụmakwụkwọ na Physics
* Nkà mara mma na nke a na-etinye n'ọrụ
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ụlọ
* Agụmakwụkwọ sayensị / mgbakọ na mwepụ
* Sayensị / Physics jikọtara ọnụ
* Mmụta Nkà na Ụzụ
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ejikọta ụmụ akwụkwọ ya n'ebe ọrụ dị iche iche iji nweta ahụmịhe bara uru site na mmemme (SIWES). <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-19|title=Federal Colleges Of Education In Nigeria Participating In SIWES|url=https://siwesbeginner.com/siwes-participating-fcoe/|accessdate=2021-05-30|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Mmekọrịta ==
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere njikọ na Mahadum Benin, Benin City iji nye mmemme na-eduga na Bachelors of Science, Education, B.Sc (ed) na;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-25|title=FCET Asaba (in affiliation with UNIBEN) Post UTME Form 2020/2021|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/fcet-asaba-degree-post-utme-form/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FCET Asaba (in Affiliation with UNIBEN) Degree Form 2020/2021|url=https://www.lasu-info.com/2021/01/fcet-asaba-degree-admission-form.html|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Lagos Universities Info (LASU-INFO) {{!}} Nigerian Schools and Exam News}}</ref>
* Mmụta Physics
* Mmụta Biology
* Mmụta Chemistry
* Mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ
* Mmụta Sayensị Jikọtara
* Mmụta Azụmaahịa
* Mmụta akụ na ụba n'ụlọ
* Mmụta Sayensị Ọrụ Ugbo
* Mmụta Nkà na Ụzụ
== Edensibia ==
q1q8hvjf0grw4g3mxxm7e6hejrdameu
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị Niger Delta
0
79174
705065
2026-08-19T11:56:38Z
Senator Choko
13011
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367586344|Niger Delta Science School]]"
705065
wikitext
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Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị Niger Delta (NDSS), nke a maara na mbụ dịka Ompadec Science Centre, bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị pụrụ iche na sayensị na Port Harcourt, Naịjirịa.[1] Ọ dị n'ime ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ Rivers State College of Arts and Science dị na Rumuola. Ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị sekọndrị niile, nwere naanị klas SS1 - SS3. Ihe dịka nhazi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ: 4°50′8′′N 6°59′44′′E / 4.83556°N 6.99556°E / 4. 83556; 6.99556. (4.835739, 6.995757).<ref name="NDSS">{{Cite web|url=http://nigerianschoolsdirectory.com/school-niger_delta_science_school__port_harcourt|title=Niger Delta Science School, Port Harcourt|publisher=Nigerian Schools Directory|accessdate=3 November 2014|archivedate=4 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104013351/http://nigerianschoolsdirectory.com/school-niger_delta_science_school__port_harcourt}}</ref>{{Infobox school
| name = Niger Delta Science School
| location = 4°50′8″N 6°59′44″E / 4.83556°N 6.99556°E
| city = Port Harcourt
| state = Rivers State
| country = Nigeria
| former_name = Ompadec Science centre
| schooltype = Secondary School
| category = [[Schools in Port Harcourt]]
}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox school/styles.css"></templatestyles>
{| class="infobox vcard ib-school"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị Niger Delta
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[
{"properties":{"title":"Niger Delta Science School","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q19573320"},
{"properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Niger Delta Science School"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q19573320"},
{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[6.995485895367824,4.834475299177861],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Niger Delta Science School","marker-symbol":"school"}}
]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div>
|- class="adr"
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">4°50′8′′N 6°59′44′′E / 4.83556°N 6.99556°E</div><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Harcourt</div>,<div class="region" style="display:inline;">Steeti Osimiri</div><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Naịjirịa</div>
|-
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Ihe ọmụma
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aha mbụ
| class="infobox-data" |Ogige sayensị Ompadec
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị ụlọ akwụkwọ
| class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị
| class="infobox-data" |[[Schools in Port Harcourt|Ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Port Harcourt]]
|}
== Hụkwa ==
* Ndepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Port Harcourt
== Edensibia ==
{{Port Harcourt}}
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
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