Wikimedia Incubator incubatorwiki https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Incubator:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Incubator Incubator talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Translations Translations talk 4 9468 6699651 6699129 2025-07-02T02:07:36Z Kxeon 2598343 /* Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages */ new section 6699651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/top}} {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | archive = '((FULLPAGENAME))/Archive/((year))' | show = yes | timeout = 31 | overview=[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive|Archive]] }} == Half (give or take a few) of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija copied to [[Wp/prg]] - What should be done? == I had ''assumed'' Nertiks would be fine with copying it over; as there was [[User:Kxeon/oops|no response]]. I started making pages here on October 7, and started importing on the 31st. However, somewhere in/after December, I found what he said on [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Prussian 2|the request for the ''Prussian Wikipedia'']]: ''"The Prussian Wikipedia started to work on an independent server: http://wikipedia.prusaspira.ez.lv (now http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org) after refusing it in the official Wikipedia. We have 6 authors who write articles more or less regularly. From the technical point of view it would be better to make the decision about Wikipedia for our language using the material on this server, not to start an Incubator, which can disappear and work of people can be wasted then."'' --[[metawiki:User:Nertiks|User:Nertiks]]; 27 Febuary 2012 Nowadays, the independent Wikipedia has only two users (or three, if you count ''WūranArtīkelinRedigītajs'', who may be Nertiks): Nertiks and me. It appears that the data was transferred (between servers? due to a server error?) on 28 September 2021. I joined on the 26th of 2024. Plus, there have been many, many other instances of copying from the Prūsiska Wikipēdija, so I thought it would be fine. I copied half of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija over (give or take a few articles). It's licensed with CC BY-SA-4.0, however I suspect that [{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|target=Kxeon&namespace=0&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=2000}} the way I did it] breaks the licensing, by not specifically adding the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ CC BY-SA-4.0] link to the commit message every time. === What should be done about this? === * Should the articles that I imported be mass-deleted? * Should we export every single article that exists in Wp/prg to the [http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org Prūsiska Wikipēdija], convert it to their orthography, and have the Prussian Wikipedia go [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Toki Pona 2|the way of Toki Pona]]? * Should I ask Nertiks again and tell him what I did? * Should I should be blocked from editing the Incubator because there's a rule I violated by doing this? ** If so, should it be temporary or indefinite? * Or should nothing happen? This may be such a massive blunder that I felt like I had to go here instead of the [[Incubator:Community Portal|Community Portal]]. Yikes, and sorry. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 15:39, 12 June 2025 (UTC) == Proplem == Hi, I tried to create a new page in Wy/ar/ but got an error saying that the ISO 639 code is wrong or invalid even though the prefix Wy/ar/ is present in the project, [[:Category:Wy/ar|See]] [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 17:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Should be fixed. Please try again. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:01, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] Problem solved, thank you [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 17:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 16:56, 28 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Restart Dalmatian test project == I am trying to restart dalmatian wikipedia test project but it say dont have valid code but code for dalmatian language is dlm i am new here so i dont know much how this works i just want start writing articles if possible [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 21:02, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :It's not possible because Dalmatian is an extinct language. New Wikipedia projects in extinct languages are not allowed. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 16:56, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::its "extinction" is very disputed thing, more of mythology than proven fact, is there way to prove language is not extinct? [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 20:34, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages == I accidentally stumbled upon [[Module:Wp/qdp/MediaWikiLang]]; and by extension [[Wp/qdp]] when [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22ko-kp%22+site%3Aincubator.wikimedia.org searching for "ko-kp" on the Incubator], on Google. I also found that there are quite a few redlinked pages that aren't supposed to be redlinked. Maybe you should create them? * [[MediaWiki:Lang/bug-bugi]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/cdo-hant]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/dua]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hke]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hoc-latn]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/isv-cyrl]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/ljp]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/nan-latn-tailo]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/wlx]] [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 02:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) flhyzx3k2m8b3ypk8aynldlrctfj864 6699655 6699651 2025-07-02T03:08:12Z SpBot 2587929 archive 1 section: 1 to [[Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/Archive/2025]] (after section [[Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/Archive/2025#Proplem|Proplem]]) - previous edit: [[:User:Kxeon|Kxeon]], 2025-07-02 02:07 6699655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/top}} {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | archive = '((FULLPAGENAME))/Archive/((year))' | show = yes | timeout = 31 | overview=[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive|Archive]] }} == Half (give or take a few) of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija copied to [[Wp/prg]] - What should be done? == I had ''assumed'' Nertiks would be fine with copying it over; as there was [[User:Kxeon/oops|no response]]. I started making pages here on October 7, and started importing on the 31st. However, somewhere in/after December, I found what he said on [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Prussian 2|the request for the ''Prussian Wikipedia'']]: ''"The Prussian Wikipedia started to work on an independent server: http://wikipedia.prusaspira.ez.lv (now http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org) after refusing it in the official Wikipedia. We have 6 authors who write articles more or less regularly. From the technical point of view it would be better to make the decision about Wikipedia for our language using the material on this server, not to start an Incubator, which can disappear and work of people can be wasted then."'' --[[metawiki:User:Nertiks|User:Nertiks]]; 27 Febuary 2012 Nowadays, the independent Wikipedia has only two users (or three, if you count ''WūranArtīkelinRedigītajs'', who may be Nertiks): Nertiks and me. It appears that the data was transferred (between servers? due to a server error?) on 28 September 2021. I joined on the 26th of 2024. Plus, there have been many, many other instances of copying from the Prūsiska Wikipēdija, so I thought it would be fine. I copied half of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija over (give or take a few articles). It's licensed with CC BY-SA-4.0, however I suspect that [{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|target=Kxeon&namespace=0&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=2000}} the way I did it] breaks the licensing, by not specifically adding the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ CC BY-SA-4.0] link to the commit message every time. === What should be done about this? === * Should the articles that I imported be mass-deleted? * Should we export every single article that exists in Wp/prg to the [http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org Prūsiska Wikipēdija], convert it to their orthography, and have the Prussian Wikipedia go [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Toki Pona 2|the way of Toki Pona]]? * Should I ask Nertiks again and tell him what I did? * Should I should be blocked from editing the Incubator because there's a rule I violated by doing this? ** If so, should it be temporary or indefinite? * Or should nothing happen? This may be such a massive blunder that I felt like I had to go here instead of the [[Incubator:Community Portal|Community Portal]]. Yikes, and sorry. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 15:39, 12 June 2025 (UTC) == Restart Dalmatian test project == I am trying to restart dalmatian wikipedia test project but it say dont have valid code but code for dalmatian language is dlm i am new here so i dont know much how this works i just want start writing articles if possible [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 21:02, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :It's not possible because Dalmatian is an extinct language. New Wikipedia projects in extinct languages are not allowed. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 16:56, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::its "extinction" is very disputed thing, more of mythology than proven fact, is there way to prove language is not extinct? [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 20:34, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages == I accidentally stumbled upon [[Module:Wp/qdp/MediaWikiLang]]; and by extension [[Wp/qdp]] when [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22ko-kp%22+site%3Aincubator.wikimedia.org searching for "ko-kp" on the Incubator], on Google. I also found that there are quite a few redlinked pages that aren't supposed to be redlinked. Maybe you should create them? * [[MediaWiki:Lang/bug-bugi]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/cdo-hant]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/dua]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hke]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hoc-latn]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/isv-cyrl]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/ljp]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/nan-latn-tailo]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/wlx]] [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 02:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1ls6gaxudwnx7kyivlt2ojd2cnrhcdr 6699759 6699655 2025-07-02T08:48:33Z MF-Warburg 585 /* Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages */ 6699759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/top}} {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | archive = '((FULLPAGENAME))/Archive/((year))' | show = yes | timeout = 31 | overview=[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive|Archive]] }} == Half (give or take a few) of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija copied to [[Wp/prg]] - What should be done? == I had ''assumed'' Nertiks would be fine with copying it over; as there was [[User:Kxeon/oops|no response]]. I started making pages here on October 7, and started importing on the 31st. However, somewhere in/after December, I found what he said on [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Prussian 2|the request for the ''Prussian Wikipedia'']]: ''"The Prussian Wikipedia started to work on an independent server: http://wikipedia.prusaspira.ez.lv (now http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org) after refusing it in the official Wikipedia. We have 6 authors who write articles more or less regularly. From the technical point of view it would be better to make the decision about Wikipedia for our language using the material on this server, not to start an Incubator, which can disappear and work of people can be wasted then."'' --[[metawiki:User:Nertiks|User:Nertiks]]; 27 Febuary 2012 Nowadays, the independent Wikipedia has only two users (or three, if you count ''WūranArtīkelinRedigītajs'', who may be Nertiks): Nertiks and me. It appears that the data was transferred (between servers? due to a server error?) on 28 September 2021. I joined on the 26th of 2024. Plus, there have been many, many other instances of copying from the Prūsiska Wikipēdija, so I thought it would be fine. I copied half of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija over (give or take a few articles). It's licensed with CC BY-SA-4.0, however I suspect that [{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|target=Kxeon&namespace=0&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=2000}} the way I did it] breaks the licensing, by not specifically adding the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ CC BY-SA-4.0] link to the commit message every time. === What should be done about this? === * Should the articles that I imported be mass-deleted? * Should we export every single article that exists in Wp/prg to the [http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org Prūsiska Wikipēdija], convert it to their orthography, and have the Prussian Wikipedia go [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Toki Pona 2|the way of Toki Pona]]? * Should I ask Nertiks again and tell him what I did? * Should I should be blocked from editing the Incubator because there's a rule I violated by doing this? ** If so, should it be temporary or indefinite? * Or should nothing happen? This may be such a massive blunder that I felt like I had to go here instead of the [[Incubator:Community Portal|Community Portal]]. Yikes, and sorry. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 15:39, 12 June 2025 (UTC) == Restart Dalmatian test project == I am trying to restart dalmatian wikipedia test project but it say dont have valid code but code for dalmatian language is dlm i am new here so i dont know much how this works i just want start writing articles if possible [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 21:02, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :It's not possible because Dalmatian is an extinct language. New Wikipedia projects in extinct languages are not allowed. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 16:56, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::its "extinction" is very disputed thing, more of mythology than proven fact, is there way to prove language is not extinct? [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 20:34, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages == I accidentally stumbled upon [[Module:Wp/qdp/MediaWikiLang]]; and by extension [[Wp/qdp]] when [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22ko-kp%22+site%3Aincubator.wikimedia.org searching for "ko-kp" on the Incubator], on Google. I also found that there are quite a few redlinked pages that aren't supposed to be redlinked. Maybe you should create them? * [[MediaWiki:Lang/bug-bugi]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/cdo-hant]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/dua]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hke]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hoc-latn]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/isv-cyrl]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/ljp]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/nan-latn-tailo]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/wlx]] [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 02:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:User:Jon Harald Søby]]: is this needed? --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 08:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 413lv8jjs4e2eg4che44mhrfyopgpor 6699760 6699759 2025-07-02T08:48:52Z MF-Warburg 585 /* Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages */ argh 6699760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/top}} {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | archive = '((FULLPAGENAME))/Archive/((year))' | show = yes | timeout = 31 | overview=[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive|Archive]] }} == Half (give or take a few) of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija copied to [[Wp/prg]] - What should be done? == I had ''assumed'' Nertiks would be fine with copying it over; as there was [[User:Kxeon/oops|no response]]. I started making pages here on October 7, and started importing on the 31st. However, somewhere in/after December, I found what he said on [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Prussian 2|the request for the ''Prussian Wikipedia'']]: ''"The Prussian Wikipedia started to work on an independent server: http://wikipedia.prusaspira.ez.lv (now http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org) after refusing it in the official Wikipedia. We have 6 authors who write articles more or less regularly. From the technical point of view it would be better to make the decision about Wikipedia for our language using the material on this server, not to start an Incubator, which can disappear and work of people can be wasted then."'' --[[metawiki:User:Nertiks|User:Nertiks]]; 27 Febuary 2012 Nowadays, the independent Wikipedia has only two users (or three, if you count ''WūranArtīkelinRedigītajs'', who may be Nertiks): Nertiks and me. It appears that the data was transferred (between servers? due to a server error?) on 28 September 2021. I joined on the 26th of 2024. Plus, there have been many, many other instances of copying from the Prūsiska Wikipēdija, so I thought it would be fine. I copied half of the Prūsiska Wikipēdija over (give or take a few articles). It's licensed with CC BY-SA-4.0, however I suspect that [{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|target=Kxeon&namespace=0&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=2000}} the way I did it] breaks the licensing, by not specifically adding the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ CC BY-SA-4.0] link to the commit message every time. === What should be done about this? === * Should the articles that I imported be mass-deleted? * Should we export every single article that exists in Wp/prg to the [http://wikipedia.prusaspira.org Prūsiska Wikipēdija], convert it to their orthography, and have the Prussian Wikipedia go [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Toki Pona 2|the way of Toki Pona]]? * Should I ask Nertiks again and tell him what I did? * Should I should be blocked from editing the Incubator because there's a rule I violated by doing this? ** If so, should it be temporary or indefinite? * Or should nothing happen? This may be such a massive blunder that I felt like I had to go here instead of the [[Incubator:Community Portal|Community Portal]]. Yikes, and sorry. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 15:39, 12 June 2025 (UTC) == Restart Dalmatian test project == I am trying to restart dalmatian wikipedia test project but it say dont have valid code but code for dalmatian language is dlm i am new here so i dont know much how this works i just want start writing articles if possible [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 21:02, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :It's not possible because Dalmatian is an extinct language. New Wikipedia projects in extinct languages are not allowed. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 16:56, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::its "extinction" is very disputed thing, more of mythology than proven fact, is there way to prove language is not extinct? [[User:Vigurichteodoro|Vigurichteodoro]] ([[User talk:Vigurichteodoro|talk]]) 20:34, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Redlinked "MediaWiki:Lang" pages == I accidentally stumbled upon [[Module:Wp/qdp/MediaWikiLang]]; and by extension [[Wp/qdp]] when [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22ko-kp%22+site%3Aincubator.wikimedia.org searching for "ko-kp" on the Incubator], on Google. I also found that there are quite a few redlinked pages that aren't supposed to be redlinked. Maybe you should create them? * [[MediaWiki:Lang/bug-bugi]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/cdo-hant]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/dua]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hke]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/hoc-latn]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/isv-cyrl]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/ljp]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/nan-latn-tailo]] * [[MediaWiki:Lang/wlx]] [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 02:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Jon Harald Søby]]: is this needed? --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 08:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) py2hbplzi6yked5nbplez37uzgrtjtg 0 47081 6699754 514846 2025-07-02T08:41:27Z Salai Rungtoi 1091022 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q20823421]] 6699754 wikitext text/x-wiki Chin Miphunpi Ni(Chin National Day) kan tuahnak sullam cu kan pupa hna nih February 20, 1948 i Falam khua ah zapi hnatlaknak in ram-uk bawi chan cu hlawt in chanthar ah lut cang u sih tiah biakhiahnak an tuah mi kha philhlonak le Chin a si mi poah miphun phunkhat kan si tinak caah tuah mi a si. 1948 hlan ah hin, Chin miphun a si mi hi tling tein voikhat hmanh tonnak le biaruahnak a rak um bal lo. Zeidah a rak um ti si ahcun, pakhat le pakhat ral i dohnak le i thahnak a rak um. Kan ruah ning a rak bit tuk caah le kan sining a hmet ning kan theih khawh lo caah miphun dang bantukin kan rak thawng kho lo. Kan miphun dang pawl hi zeitindah an um ti zong kan thei lo. Sihmenhsehlaw, vawilei cung tuanbia nih a kan nenh caah Kawlram pumpi cu British kut chungin luatnak hmuh ding a si caah, kan miphun chung zong in Shan ram, Pinlung khua i tonnak an ngei. Chin miphun hi British Colonial cozah an rak phak hlan ahhin, a hohmanh nih a kan uk bal lo. Mah tein a uk mi le nawl a ngei mi miphunpi pakhat kan si. Cucaah, British pawl kan ram an rak luh tikah, kan pupa hna nih fak piin dohnak an rak tuah. Miphun dang kuttang um an duh lo ruangah a si. Kan pipu hna an ral that tuk ruang le raldoh an thawn caah, British ram i an pek mi Vitoria Cross(anmah ram i a sangbik i chiahmi ralthatnak) zong an ralkap pakhat kha an rak pek. Kawlram chung i a ummi miphun dang pawl he Aung San nih luatnak kan la ti hna lai tiah kan miphun hruaitu pawl he bia khiahnak an ngeih caah, kan nih Chin miphun zong tonnak cu Falam khua ah an rak ngei.Biaceihawk a ummi cu Kawlram chung ahhin ramuk bawi uknak maw, Tlaisun democratic uknak in dah, Parliament ah kan miphun aiawh in kan thim hna lai ti a si. Falam i tonnak a ra kho mi hi khuarauhhar mi pakhat cu Chin Division lawng si loin, Chin miphun a si mi poahpoah an ra kho dih. Asho, Cho, Khomi, Laimi, Zomi, le Mizo tiah kaakipin Chin miphun dihlak aiawh in meeting tuahtu minung 5000 leng an chuah i biaceihnak cu ngeih a si. Nithum chung biaceihnak tuah a si i meeting dih hnuah Ramuk bawi uknak hi cu hlonh in democracy uknak in kan miphun kan i hruai cang lai tiah biakhiahnak ngeih a si. Cucu meeting an tuahdih ni cu February 20 a si caah kan miphun dihlak caah a sunglawi khun. Hlan a tha lo mi ramuk bawi uknak cu kal tak in mipi duhnak, democracy uknak in kan miphun cu hmai ah fong ding in bia khiahnak an tuah caah Chin Miphunpi Ni cu tutiang kum fatin tuah a si. Teinak kan hmuh ni zong asi. Kawlholh hmang mi si hna seh, Laiholh hmang mi si hna seh, Tedim holh a hmang mi si hna seh, Chin Miphunpi Ni cu a phunphun in donnak kan tuah cio hna. Chin miphun kan si ko tinak zong kan langh ter. Zomi kan si, Chin kan si lo a timi zong nih Chin Miphunpi Ni ahcun lungrual tein miphun phunkhat kan sinak cu an langh ter. [[Category:Wp/cnh]] {{INTERWIKI|Q20823421}} o4kchq8iy8a3uhu7wgnc808njtaia5m 6699757 6699754 2025-07-02T08:43:02Z Salai Rungtoi 1091022 6699757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chin Miphunpi Ni ('''Chin National Day) kan tuahnak sullam cu kan pupa hna nih February 20, 1948 i Falam khua ah zapi hnatlaknak in ram-uk bawi chan cu hlawt in chanthar ah lut cang u sih tiah biakhiahnak an tuah mi kha philhlonak le Chin a si mi poah miphun phunkhat kan si tinak caah tuah mi a si. 1948 hlan ah hin, Chin miphun a si mi hi tling tein voikhat hmanh tonnak le biaruahnak a rak um bal lo. Zeidah a rak um ti si ahcun, pakhat le pakhat ral i dohnak le i thahnak a rak um. Kan ruah ning a rak bit tuk caah le kan sining a hmet ning kan theih khawh lo caah miphun dang bantukin kan rak thawng kho lo. Kan miphun dang pawl hi zeitindah an um ti zong kan thei lo. Sihmenhsehlaw, vawilei cung tuanbia nih a kan nenh caah Kawlram pumpi cu British kut chungin luatnak hmuh ding a si caah, kan miphun chung zong in Shan ram, Pinlung khua i tonnak an ngei. Chin miphun hi British Colonial cozah an rak phak hlan ahhin, a hohmanh nih a kan uk bal lo. Mah tein a uk mi le nawl a ngei mi miphunpi pakhat kan si. Cucaah, British pawl kan ram an rak luh tikah, kan pupa hna nih fak piin dohnak an rak tuah. Miphun dang kuttang um an duh lo ruangah a si. Kan pipu hna an ral that tuk ruang le raldoh an thawn caah, British ram i an pek mi Vitoria Cross(anmah ram i a sangbik i chiahmi ralthatnak) zong an ralkap pakhat kha an rak pek. Kawlram chung i a ummi miphun dang pawl he Aung San nih luatnak kan la ti hna lai tiah kan miphun hruaitu pawl he bia khiahnak an ngeih caah, kan nih Chin miphun zong tonnak cu Falam khua ah an rak ngei.Biaceihawk a ummi cu Kawlram chung ahhin ramuk bawi uknak maw, Tlaisun democratic uknak in dah, Parliament ah kan miphun aiawh in kan thim hna lai ti a si. Falam i tonnak a ra kho mi hi khuarauhhar mi pakhat cu Chin Division lawng si loin, Chin miphun a si mi poahpoah an ra kho dih. Asho, Cho, Khomi, Laimi, Zomi, le Mizo tiah kaakipin Chin miphun dihlak aiawh in meeting tuahtu minung 5000 leng an chuah i biaceihnak cu ngeih a si. Nithum chung biaceihnak tuah a si i meeting dih hnuah Ramuk bawi uknak hi cu hlonh in democracy uknak in kan miphun kan i hruai cang lai tiah biakhiahnak ngeih a si. Cucu meeting an tuahdih ni cu February 20 a si caah kan miphun dihlak caah a sunglawi khun. Hlan a tha lo mi ramuk bawi uknak cu kal tak in mipi duhnak, democracy uknak in kan miphun cu hmai ah fong ding in bia khiahnak an tuah caah Chin Miphunpi Ni cu tutiang kum fatin tuah a si. Teinak kan hmuh ni zong asi. Kawlholh hmang mi si hna seh, Laiholh hmang mi si hna seh, Tedim holh a hmang mi si hna seh, Chin Miphunpi Ni cu a phunphun in donnak kan tuah cio hna. Chin miphun kan si ko tinak zong kan langh ter. Zomi kan si, Chin kan si lo a timi zong nih Chin Miphunpi Ni ahcun lungrual tein miphun phunkhat kan sinak cu an langh ter. [[Category:Wp/cnh]] {{INTERWIKI|Q20823421}} 71u14qxysd2jkmykn0xi0ypksmdnsxk 4 57997 6699657 6697875 2025-07-02T03:08:15Z SpBot 2587929 archive 1 section: 1 to [[Incubator:Requests for starting a test/Archive/2025]] (after section [[Incubator:Requests for starting a test/Archive/2025#Wy/be-tarask|Wy/be-tarask]]) - previous edit: [[:User:SpBot|SpBot]], 2025-06-29 03:08 6699657 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{shortcut|I:RST|I:RfNP}} If you are unsure whether your language is valid to be hosted here or have its own subdomain, you can ask here for advice. {{/instructions}} <inputbox> type=commenttitle page=Incubator:Requests for starting a test break=no default=[[Wx/xyz|Langname Wikiproject]] preload=Incubator:Requests for starting a test/preload editintro=Incubator:Requests for starting a test/editintro buttonlabel=Add this request summary=Add this request </inputbox> __FORCETOC__ =Current requests= *Archives: [[/Archive 1|2008–2014]] • [[/Archive 2|2015–2018]] • [[/Archive 3|2019–2022]] • [[/Archive/2022|2022]] • [[/Archive/2023|2023]] • [[/Archive/2024|2024]] • [[/Archive/2025|2025]] Please use the link in the instructions above to add a new request. {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | archive = 'Incubator:Requests for starting a test/Archive/((year)) | show = yes | timeout = 31 }} <!--remove "{{none}}" when adding a request--> dg308liisu7f5738gzk48ee08xynr41 0 58540 6699820 6697764 2025-07-02T11:35:03Z Debosneed 2595701 6699820 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Ῥωμαίων βασιλεία'''</big> <br /> Ῥωμανία |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Byzantine Empire - AD 555.png|300x300px]] Ὁ πίναξ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βασιλείας τῷ 555 μ.Χ |- | '''Γλῶτται''' || [[Wp/grc/Ῥωμαϊκὴ γλῶττα|Ῥωμαικὴ]] καὶ [[Wp/grc/Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα|Ἑλληνική]] |- | '''Πόλις πρωτεύουσα''' || Νέα Ῥώμη ἣ[[Wp/grc/Κωνσταντινούπολις|Κωνσταντινούπολις]] (330–1453) |- | '''Ἐπικλήσεις τοῦ προεστῶτος''' || Βασιλεύς Αὐτοκράτωρ Αὔγουστος |- | '''Νομοθεσία''' || Παραγγέλματα τοῦ βασιλέως |- | '''Πλῆθος''' || Τῷ αἰῶνι τετάρτῳ περὶ τοὺς 34.000.00 |- | '''Πρῶτος βασιλεύς''' <br />&nbsp;- ἐν Ῥώμῃ<br />&nbsp;- ἐν Κωνσταντι-<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;νούπολει | <br />'''[[Wp/grc/Καῖσαρ Αὔγουστος|Καῖσαρ Αὔγουστος]]'''<br />'''[[Wp/grc/Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας|Κωνσταντῖνος Μέγας]]'''<br /> |- |'''Ἔσχατος βασιλεύς''' |[[Wp/grc/Κωνσταντῖνος ΙΑ΄ Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος|Κωνσταντῖνος Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος]] |- | '''Διάδοχοι''' || Ὀθωμανικὴ Αὐτοκρατορία [[Τραπεζούντας Βασιλεία]] [[Ἠπείρου Δεσποτάτον]] |- |} {{Wp/grc/Revision}}Ἡ '''Ἀνατολικὴ Ῥωμαϊκὴ βασιλεία''' ἦν ὁ ἀνατολικός διάδοχος τῆς [[Wp/grc/Ῥωμαίων βασιλεία|Ῥωμαίων βασιλείας]]. Διήρκησε ἀπό τὀ ἒτος 330 καἰ ἐπέζησε μέχρι τῆν [[Ἂλωσιν Κωνσταντινουπόλεως|Ἂλωσιν τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως]] ἐπί τὀ ἒτος 1453 ὐπό τῶν Ὀθωμανών Τοῠρκων. == Ὀνόματα == === Χώρα === Ἠ δε χῶραν ἀποκαλούντο Ρωμανία ἠ με ἀπλήν γλῶττα Βυζάντιον, ἀλλά καἰ ὠς Αὐτοκρατορία τῶν Ἐλλήνων ὐπό τοῠ ἒργου "Γεωγραφία Νεωτερική". === Πολιτεία === * Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων ἤ Ῥωμαϊκὴ * Πολιτεία Ῥωμαίων ἤ Ῥωμαϊκὴ * Ἀρχή ἤ ἡγεμονία ἤ ἐπικράτεια Ῥωμαίων ἤ Ῥωμαϊκὴ ==== Σήμερον ==== * Βυζαντινή Αὐτοκρατορία * Βυζάντιον * Ἀνατολικὴ Ῥωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία * Μεσαιωνική Ῥωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία == Ἱστορία == {{Wp/grc/Commonscat|Byzantine Empire|τῆς Βυζαντινῆς Αὐτοκρατορίας}} [[Category:Wp/grc/Βυζαντινὴ Αὐτοκρατορία|!]] [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Βυζαντινὴ_Αὐτοκρατορία}} {{INTERWIKI|Q12544}} juj1qeh5tmt95ahvkgnc08z84sdqqzm 0 68468 6699576 4861755 2025-07-01T19:30:34Z Baap8969 2607556 6699576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adat''' iku gagasan kabudayan sing dumadi saka nilai-nilai kabudayan, norma, kabiasaan, kalembagaan, lan hukum adat sing biasa dianut ing sawiji dhaerah. Adat nduweni peran penting kanggo njaga harmoni lan identitas masyarakat tradisional. === Pelanggaran Adat === Yen adat ora diugemi, masyarakat bisa maringi sanksi ora resmi marang tumindak sing nglanggar norma adat kasebut. Iki bisa nyebabake kerancuan sosial lan rasa ora nyaman antar warga. === Asal tembung adat === Minurut Jalaluddin Tunsam (bangsa Arab sing manggon ing Aceh jroning tulisane taun 1660), ''adat'' asal saka basa Arab '''''Adah''''' sing maknane "kabiasaan-kabiasaan jroning masyarakat". ==Delengen uga== * [[Wb/jv/Pengantin Jawa|Pengantin Jawa]] * [[Wb/jv/Sekatèn|Sekaten]] ==Kategori== [[Category:Wb/jv]] [[Category:Wb/jv/Adat istiadat]] 1wqod79bqzof0uw28du54dd8z6ik2hv 3 182131 6699706 643674 2025-07-02T06:28:36Z Cabayi 533060 Cabayi moved page [[User talk:LargeVirus]] to [[User talk:Renamed user a5743b92657696809a620169e6cde3a2]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/LargeVirus|LargeVirus]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user a5743b92657696809a620169e6cde3a2|Renamed user a5743b92657696809a620169e6cde3a2]]" 643674 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == {{Translations|Template:Welcome|version=3|extratitle=<br />([[Template:Welcome-translate|Translate]]!)}} <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|yes|yes}}|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 12:38, 19 November 2011 (UTC) 4bd9tni0734tzgynhsd9wf7vg9q5aty 3 493745 6699607 4098965 2025-07-01T20:44:41Z Kxeon 2598343 /* You can create a wiki for North Korean on Incubator Plus */ new section 6699607 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 04:31, 4 December 2012 (UTC) == You can create a wiki for North Korean on Incubator Plus == Hey there. Just wanted to let you know you can create a wiki (such as Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikinews, etc.) for North Korean on [https://incubator.miraheze.org Incubator Plus]. The link to the (currently nonexistant) Wikipedia Incubator Plus page for the Korean of North Korea is https://incubator.miraheze.org/wiki/Wp/ko-kp. If you're still interested you can always do so. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 20:44, 1 July 2025 (UTC) p7zogg2qujqfg3z48aefe4r65looyzt 6699608 6699607 2025-07-01T20:44:59Z Kxeon 2598343 /* You can create a wiki for North Korean on Incubator Plus */ 6699608 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 04:31, 4 December 2012 (UTC) == You can create a wiki for North Korean on Incubator Plus == Hey there. Just wanted to tell/remind you can create a wiki (such as Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikinews, etc.) for North Korean on [https://incubator.miraheze.org Incubator Plus]. The link to the (currently nonexistant) Wikipedia Incubator Plus page for the Korean of North Korea is https://incubator.miraheze.org/wiki/Wp/ko-kp. If you're still interested you can always do so. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 20:44, 1 July 2025 (UTC) j6kqwrpcz8gyaq1119sgc3i1k1ibgaw 0 559389 6699508 6591569 2025-07-01T16:03:48Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q1445]] 6699508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Tamil Nadu in India (disputed hatched).svg|thumb|right|சிவப்பு நிறத்தில் தமிழ்நாடு நிலப்படத்தில் காட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது]] [[file:Mamallapuram view.jpg|thumb|கடற்கரைக் கோயில், இடம்: மாமல்லபுரம்]] '''தமிழ்நாடு''' [http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/] என்பது இந்தியாவில் ஒரு மாநிலமாகும். பண்டைய காலத்தில் சேர, சோழ, பாண்டிய, பல்லவர்களின் நாடாகும். இதன் தலைநகரம் [[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] ஆகும். இம்மாநிலத்தில் தமிழ் மொழி அதிகமாகப் பேசப்படுகிறது. தமிழ்நாடு மாநிலத்திற்கு வடக்கில் [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்]], வடமேற்கில் கருநாடகம், வடமேற்கில் [[Wy/ta/வங்காள விரிகுடா|வங்காள விரிகுடா]], கிழக்கில் [[Wy/ta/வங்காள விரிகுடா|வங்காள விரிகுடா]], தென்கிழக்கில் [[Wy/ta/இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல்|இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல்]], தெற்கில் இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல், தென்மேற்கில் இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல், மேற்கில் [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]] போன்றவை இதன் எல்லைகளாக விளங்குகின்றன. == நகரங்கள் == *[[Wy/ta/சென்னை|சென்னை]] - தமிழகத்தின் தலைநகர் *[[Wy/ta/கோவை|கோவை]] *[[Wy/ta/மதுரை|மதுரை]] *[[Wy/ta/திருச்சி|திருச்சி]] *[[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி|புதுச்சேரி]] *[[Wy/ta/சேலம்|சேலம்]] *[[Wy/ta/ஈரோடு|ஈரோடு]] *[[Wy/ta/நாகர்கோயில்|நாகர்கோயில்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1445}} tvrz5ygtcu9q5ac5bpnj76o6tx1ftff 0 982658 6699507 6600777 2025-07-01T15:58:00Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q48]] 6699507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Asia banner Rice terraces.jpg|caption=பிலிப்பைன்சு நாட்டின் அடுக்கு நெல்வயல்}} ஆசியா என்பது உலகின் ஏழு கண்டங்களுள் ஒன்றாகும். <imagemap> File:Map of Asia.png|thumb|500px|Click a region to explore! desc none poly 939 89 941 90 944 91 946 92 947 94 950 95 952 99 954 102 956 103 957 105 961 107 962 109 964 110 964 141 962 145 958 147 955 147 951 148 949 149 946 149 945 151 943 152 941 156 937 158 935 162 933 164 931 165 930 167 930 180 931 183 933 184 935 188 937 190 940 191 941 193 945 195 946 199 948 201 948 204 950 206 952 210 952 224 950 225 949 227 945 230 944 233 942 234 941 236 939 237 936 238 934 240 933 242 930 243 928 247 926 248 924 254 923 256 921 258 919 259 916 261 912 263 909 264 908 267 908 270 907 275 905 278 903 280 901 281 898 283 895 284 893 286 889 287 887 289 886 291 884 292 882 294 880 297 879 299 876 299 873 300 871 301 868 301 866 302 857 302 855 301 852 301 848 299 847 296 847 288 846 286 822 286 820 285 805 285 803 286 800 292 800 296 798 300 796 301 793 301 789 303 786 303 784 304 783 306 780 307 780 313 777 313 773 315 770 315 758 309 757 306 757 303 755 302 752 302 750 301 748 297 748 291 749 289 752 289 756 291 757 294 758 292 760 290 761 288 761 285 762 283 762 280 760 279 757 278 755 277 755 274 754 272 755 270 757 269 757 266 756 264 752 263 746 263 744 267 744 270 742 272 739 271 736 265 733 265 730 264 726 262 725 260 723 259 722 257 717 256 715 255 712 254 705 254 703 253 700 253 699 251 689 246 688 244 686 243 684 239 682 236 680 235 679 233 675 231 674 229 671 228 668 228 660 224 657 224 654 223 651 223 647 221 641 221 638 222 636 223 635 225 635 228 638 228 640 229 640 244 639 246 639 249 637 251 635 252 632 252 630 251 623 251 621 250 615 250 612 249 603 249 597 252 595 254 592 254 588 256 579 256 576 257 572 255 571 253 565 250 562 250 560 249 557 249 555 248 545 248 543 247 539 247 537 246 530 246 528 245 525 245 519 242 517 238 515 237 514 235 512 234 509 234 505 233 503 232 500 232 497 231 495 232 493 234 491 235 490 237 490 240 492 241 501 241 501 250 497 252 490 252 488 254 486 255 483 255 482 253 481 250 479 246 477 245 471 245 469 244 457 244 455 243 455 247 451 249 448 249 444 250 441 252 439 254 436 255 434 256 431 256 430 253 428 251 426 250 423 251 420 251 418 250 415 249 413 248 407 246 404 246 396 242 394 243 391 242 389 240 386 240 385 238 379 238 377 239 376 241 371 240 371 237 370 235 368 233 366 232 363 230 362 228 359 228 358 226 356 225 353 222 352 219 351 217 348 216 346 215 340 215 337 214 335 215 333 219 330 219 328 218 326 216 322 214 319 214 318 216 312 214 304 210 302 208 299 208 295 206 292 206 290 205 287 205 285 204 283 205 280 205 278 206 277 208 275 209 269 209 268 211 258 211 255 212 249 215 246 215 245 217 245 229 244 231 245 233 249 235 250 237 250 243 249 245 247 243 247 240 244 241 242 242 240 246 237 246 231 243 228 242 226 241 220 241 216 243 213 244 211 245 209 242 208 240 200 236 197 236 195 235 192 235 190 234 186 236 185 238 182 238 181 236 179 234 177 235 176 237 174 238 171 239 165 242 168 242 172 244 171 247 169 248 167 250 164 249 162 247 160 246 158 247 157 249 156 252 156 255 157 257 159 258 159 264 162 265 165 271 166 269 176 274 176 280 178 281 178 287 177 289 176 292 176 303 177 305 179 307 180 310 180 313 181 315 181 321 180 323 174 323 173 321 171 319 168 318 165 318 163 317 160 317 156 315 154 311 152 310 146 310 144 309 140 308 136 306 130 306 124 303 102 303 98 301 97 299 95 298 95 295 93 294 93 291 91 287 92 285 94 284 95 282 99 280 99 277 101 274 104 272 105 270 109 268 111 266 112 263 112 252 108 250 102 250 98 248 95 247 82 247 80 246 77 246 74 242 72 241 72 238 71 236 69 235 68 233 66 232 64 230 62 229 60 230 54 230 51 224 51 221 53 220 53 214 52 212 49 212 48 210 45 209 42 209 40 205 38 202 37 200 32 199 30 198 27 198 26 196 24 195 23 192 23 189 19 181 19 172 24 162 24 156 25 154 27 153 30 151 31 149 34 149 36 147 37 145 37 142 36 140 34 139 33 137 31 136 30 134 30 128 29 126 29 123 28 121 27 118 27 115 25 114 24 112 21 112 19 111 20 108 21 106 21 101 20 99 17 97 16 95 17 93 23 90 26 90 26 86 27 84 29 83 30 81 35 79 39 77 40 75 41 72 44 70 44 63 43 61 40 60 39 58 39 55 38 53 38 47 40 45 41 43 41 30 43 24 45 23 47 19 51 16 56 11 59 10 62 8 67 6 69 5 72 3 75 2 76 0 642 0 647 1 651 1 656 5 664 17 670 25 675 30 676 32 679 35 682 37 686 38 691 39 696 42 702 45 707 47 708 49 711 50 714 50 717 51 719 53 722 53 724 54 727 55 730 55 736 57 744 59 751 62 753 63 756 65 759 66 760 69 762 70 764 72 766 73 769 74 775 74 777 75 783 75 785 76 789 77 792 77 794 78 821 78 822 75 824 74 828 76 829 78 838 78 839 76 843 76 845 75 848 75 851 74 863 74 864 76 867 76 868 78 871 78 873 79 879 80 890 80 892 79 897 79 902 80 906 81 909 81 915 83 918 83 921 84 924 84 930 87 [[Wy/ta/ரஷ்யா|ரஷ்யா]] poly 0 381 11 376 14 375 22 371 24 367 24 361 26 360 25 358 23 357 22 355 20 354 19 352 18 349 18 346 17 344 16 341 15 339 15 333 16 331 18 332 18 329 22 327 23 325 31 321 34 320 36 319 42 317 46 315 48 313 49 311 51 310 52 312 52 309 53 307 59 304 62 303 65 303 69 302 75 302 79 301 81 300 84 300 88 298 93 297 95 296 96 294 98 293 98 289 95 288 94 286 94 280 96 279 97 277 99 276 100 274 102 272 104 268 106 267 111 257 109 253 107 252 104 251 101 249 97 247 94 247 92 245 83 245 83 248 80 248 78 247 76 243 74 241 71 240 67 236 65 232 64 229 61 229 58 230 57 232 54 232 52 231 51 229 49 228 49 225 53 223 55 219 54 216 53 214 51 212 48 212 42 209 41 207 41 204 39 200 36 200 33 199 29 197 26 197 24 196 23 194 21 193 20 188 20 178 19 176 19 169 20 167 23 166 24 164 26 163 30 165 31 167 31 163 29 162 26 162 20 159 23 159 25 155 26 152 30 150 31 148 34 148 36 146 40 144 37 143 33 141 30 141 28 140 27 138 27 129 24 123 24 119 22 115 20 114 17 114 15 113 16 111 19 111 21 110 22 108 22 105 21 103 19 102 13 102 10 100 9 98 10 96 12 95 15 95 17 94 20 94 22 93 28 81 28 78 27 75 23 74 20 72 15 72 10 70 8 68 6 67 3 67 2 65 0 64 0 61 2 60 11 57 14 57 17 56 20 56 22 54 22 41 23 37 24 35 24 31 25 29 25 23 26 21 26 15 24 14 21 13 19 12 14 10 11 9 8 7 4 5 1 5 0 3 [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]] poly 688 520 687 522 684 522 680 524 679 526 677 527 671 527 669 528 666 529 664 530 662 529 662 526 660 522 657 522 657 519 656 517 656 514 655 512 655 509 654 506 653 504 653 498 652 496 646 496 645 494 642 494 640 493 639 490 637 486 631 483 628 483 626 484 625 486 615 486 613 487 604 487 602 491 604 492 606 496 605 498 596 498 594 497 591 497 589 496 583 484 579 482 579 479 577 478 577 475 574 475 572 476 569 476 567 475 567 472 566 469 566 466 567 464 571 462 574 461 576 460 574 458 572 454 572 447 571 445 570 442 568 440 567 438 563 436 561 438 558 438 554 436 553 434 550 433 544 430 538 430 536 432 532 434 530 438 528 440 525 440 523 441 520 441 518 442 515 442 514 439 512 438 511 436 510 438 506 440 485 440 483 439 473 439 471 438 470 436 454 428 448 428 442 425 440 421 438 420 437 418 434 418 432 416 430 417 427 417 425 416 422 416 419 415 418 413 416 411 411 401 413 400 416 400 418 401 419 399 418 397 416 396 415 393 414 391 414 388 411 382 408 381 402 378 401 376 397 374 396 372 390 369 384 369 382 368 383 366 382 364 379 364 377 363 376 361 376 358 378 357 378 354 376 350 374 349 372 347 368 345 368 339 366 335 367 332 368 330 369 332 375 332 377 333 380 333 382 331 383 329 385 328 386 326 389 326 393 324 397 320 401 318 404 316 402 315 402 306 403 304 402 302 402 298 400 294 397 294 393 292 394 290 400 290 404 288 410 288 411 286 410 284 408 282 406 278 407 276 409 275 412 275 414 274 418 276 422 274 422 271 424 270 424 267 426 263 428 262 429 260 431 259 429 258 432 258 434 257 436 255 438 251 441 251 447 248 450 248 452 247 455 247 461 244 470 244 473 245 476 245 478 246 481 247 483 248 486 250 489 250 490 252 492 251 495 251 497 250 498 248 501 248 500 246 497 246 494 240 494 237 495 235 497 234 498 232 499 234 503 235 506 235 509 236 518 236 520 240 528 244 529 246 532 246 536 248 542 248 546 246 549 246 551 247 558 247 561 248 564 250 576 256 580 257 587 257 589 256 592 256 600 252 606 252 608 251 610 249 611 247 614 247 615 249 618 252 636 252 638 251 640 247 640 241 638 240 638 237 640 235 641 233 642 230 640 228 638 227 635 227 633 226 633 223 635 222 638 222 644 219 647 219 651 221 657 221 660 222 662 224 668 224 670 226 672 227 673 229 675 230 677 232 681 240 685 242 688 242 697 245 699 246 700 248 702 249 705 250 709 252 711 254 712 256 716 258 717 260 720 261 722 262 725 264 728 264 730 265 734 266 735 268 737 269 740 269 750 264 759 264 759 270 757 272 757 276 760 282 764 284 760 292 758 293 756 290 755 288 754 290 752 291 752 300 754 304 756 305 758 309 758 312 757 314 759 316 780 316 782 314 784 313 785 311 789 309 792 308 796 306 799 305 801 304 806 294 807 291 808 289 814 286 834 286 836 288 838 289 841 290 846 292 847 290 850 296 850 299 852 300 853 302 862 302 862 299 864 298 864 301 866 305 866 345 867 347 869 348 872 354 874 362 873 364 872 373 871 380 870 384 870 388 868 390 867 394 866 396 864 397 864 400 862 404 862 407 860 409 859 412 858 416 856 417 854 420 852 422 847 425 843 430 841 431 838 434 837 436 834 439 832 440 830 444 828 446 822 449 819 450 815 452 812 456 809 456 808 458 804 459 798 462 792 468 791 470 789 472 786 473 784 474 782 477 778 479 776 481 774 482 772 484 770 485 769 487 766 490 765 492 763 494 760 494 757 495 755 496 751 496 749 497 746 497 742 499 738 499 738 502 732 502 728 503 725 503 722 504 718 504 716 506 714 507 713 509 711 510 709 512 708 514 704 516 694 516 693 518 690 519 689 521 687 522 [[Wy/ta/East Asia|East Asia]] poly 787 496 788 498 790 499 790 502 792 503 794 505 795 507 796 510 798 512 799 515 801 519 803 521 803 524 804 526 806 528 807 530 810 532 814 534 820 540 822 543 825 546 830 548 833 550 836 551 838 552 840 554 841 557 841 560 842 562 842 565 844 568 844 571 845 573 845 576 846 578 846 588 851 593 852 595 854 596 854 599 856 602 857 604 858 608 859 610 859 613 860 615 860 621 861 623 860 626 861 630 863 632 867 634 870 636 872 638 875 640 878 641 880 642 884 642 888 644 891 644 893 645 896 645 899 646 908 646 912 648 915 649 917 650 919 652 922 654 925 655 927 656 934 656 936 655 948 652 955 651 960 650 963 650 967 651 973 651 973 421 972 418 962 418 958 419 955 420 950 420 948 422 943 424 940 424 933 426 921 426 914 423 912 422 909 421 896 421 894 422 892 424 891 426 889 428 888 430 886 431 884 434 881 441 880 447 877 449 877 452 876 454 874 456 872 457 865 460 854 462 836 462 826 466 821 466 818 467 816 469 814 470 810 474 807 475 802 477 797 477 794 478 792 479 791 481 792 483 792 489 790 490 789 492 [[Wy/ta/Oceania|Oceania]] poly 922 697 922 719 921 724 921 734 919 738 917 739 917 742 916 744 916 763 917 765 919 766 922 766 923 768 932 768 934 769 937 769 941 771 944 771 945 773 948 773 962 780 965 780 967 781 970 781 972 782 973 784 973 694 964 694 962 695 958 695 956 694 950 694 948 695 942 695 938 697 932 697 930 696 920 696 918 697 [[Wy/ta/Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]] poly 812 792 816 790 820 782 822 781 826 781 828 780 856 780 858 779 870 779 872 778 898 778 900 779 906 779 909 778 912 778 915 777 917 776 918 774 920 772 924 770 927 770 937 775 940 776 942 778 944 779 946 778 952 781 953 783 955 784 958 784 962 786 965 788 967 790 973 793 972 795 810 795 [[Wy/ta/Australia|Australia]] poly 541 652 542 650 543 646 545 644 548 644 554 641 556 637 557 634 558 632 560 631 560 628 562 626 563 622 566 616 566 612 567 610 567 607 570 605 576 602 574 599 574 596 572 592 572 589 571 586 571 575 570 573 569 570 568 568 564 564 563 562 560 562 558 560 552 557 551 555 551 552 549 550 546 548 542 540 542 534 541 532 540 528 540 525 538 523 537 520 536 518 536 514 535 512 535 509 534 506 532 502 532 496 533 494 539 491 537 489 536 487 536 484 540 476 542 475 543 473 543 470 544 468 544 465 546 463 548 459 547 457 545 456 543 454 544 452 547 452 549 451 552 450 558 447 558 444 560 440 560 437 562 436 564 437 565 439 566 442 568 446 571 446 573 447 575 449 576 451 576 454 574 458 574 461 572 462 571 464 568 464 568 473 569 475 572 475 574 476 576 475 578 476 579 478 580 481 581 483 584 483 584 492 587 492 589 496 598 496 600 495 601 497 604 498 607 498 606 496 604 495 602 491 602 488 604 487 607 488 613 488 617 486 626 486 632 483 634 484 636 486 639 486 640 488 640 491 641 493 644 494 650 494 653 500 652 503 652 518 653 521 654 523 656 524 657 526 659 528 660 530 663 531 665 532 668 533 677 533 680 534 687 534 689 533 692 532 696 529 699 527 701 526 702 524 706 522 707 520 710 519 712 518 716 514 719 514 721 513 725 512 728 510 732 508 734 506 746 506 754 502 758 502 760 501 764 501 766 502 766 505 769 506 771 507 774 507 776 508 780 508 788 512 790 516 791 519 794 524 798 529 804 540 814 549 822 554 828 562 832 572 834 576 837 579 838 582 836 584 836 605 837 607 840 608 840 611 842 613 843 615 845 618 846 620 849 622 851 626 852 631 854 632 857 634 860 634 861 636 864 640 866 643 870 646 873 649 874 651 876 654 876 658 880 662 883 663 885 664 887 666 891 668 892 670 894 669 895 671 898 674 898 678 900 680 901 683 903 686 907 686 912 688 913 690 916 691 918 694 920 698 920 710 921 712 921 721 920 723 920 729 919 731 918 734 917 736 917 745 918 748 919 750 919 756 918 759 917 761 917 764 916 766 916 769 912 771 908 770 906 771 903 771 900 772 898 773 894 773 889 774 818 774 816 775 813 776 807 780 804 780 802 782 799 782 796 783 794 784 786 784 782 785 778 787 774 788 746 788 744 787 732 787 728 786 694 786 689 785 684 785 668 783 664 782 658 779 658 776 655 776 651 775 647 772 643 770 635 765 626 760 614 753 610 750 606 746 604 742 601 738 597 736 582 730 574 718 571 711 570 709 569 705 568 703 567 699 564 697 563 694 560 688 556 687 554 686 552 684 550 680 549 677 547 673 546 670 546 667 544 663 544 660 [[Wy/ta/Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]] poly 226 638 226 634 227 631 227 624 228 621 228 600 229 598 229 589 227 586 226 584 224 583 222 579 218 577 216 578 215 580 211 582 208 582 206 583 196 583 194 582 190 582 186 580 184 581 177 581 171 579 169 578 166 578 162 576 160 574 158 573 157 570 154 564 152 558 152 554 149 554 147 550 141 547 139 545 134 535 132 534 132 531 130 527 130 524 127 518 127 515 124 509 124 506 120 498 119 495 117 491 112 486 110 485 106 481 107 478 106 476 104 475 103 472 102 470 102 467 100 463 96 459 95 456 93 454 92 452 92 440 91 437 91 419 90 417 88 416 88 412 87 410 84 410 82 408 81 406 78 403 77 401 71 399 69 398 66 398 63 397 59 397 55 395 52 395 50 394 44 394 41 393 34 393 32 392 0 392 0 794 3 795 226 795 228 794 228 776 227 772 226 770 225 764 248 773 250 767 256 756 270 726 255 696 242 676 [[Wy/ta/Africa|Africa]] poly 27 368 28 371 30 372 31 374 33 375 36 376 38 377 42 377 44 378 66 378 72 375 73 373 76 373 78 372 87 372 90 373 91 376 91 379 90 382 88 386 88 389 86 393 86 403 88 407 88 410 89 412 89 415 92 421 92 430 91 432 91 435 90 437 90 440 91 442 95 444 96 446 96 449 97 451 98 454 98 457 100 461 102 462 103 464 103 467 104 469 104 472 106 473 110 477 111 480 112 482 114 483 115 485 117 486 120 487 122 490 122 502 124 504 125 506 127 508 128 510 130 511 130 514 136 526 136 529 138 530 139 533 139 536 140 538 142 541 144 542 145 544 148 544 149 546 151 548 152 550 152 554 156 562 159 563 161 565 162 567 163 570 163 573 164 575 170 578 173 578 175 579 184 579 186 578 198 578 200 577 203 577 209 574 221 574 223 576 226 576 227 578 227 581 229 582 230 584 247 584 249 583 252 583 254 582 256 578 264 574 267 573 269 572 271 570 273 566 274 562 274 555 275 553 276 550 278 548 282 542 284 536 286 532 288 526 288 522 289 520 289 513 290 511 290 502 292 498 292 490 293 488 293 485 294 483 294 474 295 472 296 469 296 463 295 461 296 458 300 456 301 454 304 454 306 450 306 447 305 444 304 442 302 441 302 438 300 437 297 437 293 435 292 433 292 427 288 425 287 422 286 420 286 417 290 415 291 413 287 411 286 409 286 406 284 402 284 399 282 398 282 395 281 393 280 390 280 372 279 370 279 367 278 364 275 364 273 363 269 362 265 360 262 360 261 358 259 357 258 355 256 354 253 353 249 351 246 351 244 352 238 352 236 353 232 353 226 356 225 358 223 359 220 359 218 358 217 356 202 356 199 355 197 354 194 354 191 353 189 352 188 350 187 347 184 347 182 346 182 343 180 342 178 338 177 340 173 342 170 342 169 344 166 344 164 345 161 345 161 342 160 340 157 340 156 338 152 336 151 334 148 334 147 332 145 330 144 328 142 327 142 324 140 323 139 321 137 322 131 322 128 321 125 321 123 322 120 322 116 324 112 322 106 322 105 320 102 320 100 319 97 318 88 318 84 316 82 317 80 316 44 316 42 317 36 317 34 318 28 318 27 321 24 327 21 327 17 329 16 331 15 334 14 336 12 338 15 344 15 348 17 352 19 353 21 355 25 363 27 364 [[Wy/ta/Middle East|Middle East]] poly 300 481 299 479 298 476 298 469 297 467 297 464 295 460 295 457 296 455 302 452 304 450 306 449 307 447 306 445 304 444 304 441 303 438 300 438 296 436 294 434 292 433 292 430 290 429 290 426 288 425 293 425 295 426 301 428 307 428 311 426 320 426 322 425 325 425 327 424 325 420 325 415 326 412 332 412 333 414 336 408 340 410 343 410 346 409 350 407 349 405 348 402 347 400 347 397 348 395 352 393 350 389 348 387 346 386 345 384 348 384 353 386 356 386 357 384 357 381 356 379 356 372 355 370 356 368 360 366 363 366 364 364 370 361 372 362 381 362 382 364 386 365 387 367 391 369 392 371 394 372 394 375 396 376 398 378 400 379 403 379 405 380 408 381 412 383 413 385 413 392 417 394 419 398 419 402 417 403 416 400 414 399 413 402 413 405 414 407 414 410 418 412 422 412 426 414 429 414 430 416 432 417 434 421 436 422 437 420 440 420 441 422 444 422 445 424 448 424 450 428 458 432 467 432 471 434 472 436 476 438 479 439 481 440 484 440 487 441 489 442 492 442 490 440 502 440 505 439 507 438 510 438 518 442 521 442 523 441 526 441 528 440 529 438 531 437 532 435 534 434 534 430 538 428 540 432 542 431 543 429 545 428 548 428 550 429 551 432 555 434 556 436 559 437 560 440 560 446 559 448 556 448 553 447 549 449 547 451 545 455 546 457 548 458 548 464 544 466 544 475 543 477 540 477 538 476 538 488 534 496 534 499 533 501 531 502 531 511 530 513 530 516 532 517 532 520 538 532 538 535 540 537 540 540 541 543 541 546 540 550 542 551 544 555 547 564 548 566 550 567 551 569 554 572 555 574 558 574 560 576 562 580 562 584 561 586 561 618 560 620 560 623 558 624 553 634 550 635 546 636 538 636 536 637 532 638 526 640 520 640 518 642 514 644 504 646 501 648 477 648 474 649 458 649 456 648 448 648 446 647 442 646 439 645 437 644 434 644 426 640 422 639 420 637 418 636 414 635 411 636 405 639 402 639 396 642 394 646 382 652 379 653 377 654 374 654 370 656 364 656 358 654 333 654 331 653 329 651 329 629 327 623 327 620 326 618 326 586 327 584 327 576 326 574 322 562 317 552 315 546 311 541 310 534 306 529 306 522 304 516 304 512 303 508 302 506 303 504 302 502 302 498 300 496 300 492 299 489 299 477 [[Wy/ta/South Asia|South Asia]] poly 206 335 207 338 207 341 208 344 208 347 209 349 211 350 213 354 219 357 225 357 227 358 231 356 232 354 234 353 240 353 242 352 248 352 249 354 253 356 262 356 272 361 275 361 277 362 278 364 280 365 280 368 279 371 279 377 280 379 279 381 279 399 281 400 282 403 285 409 289 409 291 410 292 412 292 415 290 419 286 421 286 424 290 426 293 426 295 427 298 428 307 428 309 427 312 427 314 426 320 426 322 425 325 425 327 423 325 419 325 416 326 414 330 412 333 412 335 411 337 407 340 409 342 410 344 409 346 405 346 396 347 394 350 393 349 391 347 388 348 386 354 386 356 385 355 382 355 376 357 375 353 373 352 371 353 369 355 368 357 364 361 362 364 362 366 363 370 363 372 364 373 362 377 360 378 358 378 355 376 351 374 350 373 348 371 347 368 347 366 343 366 337 365 335 367 331 369 330 372 330 374 331 377 332 380 332 381 330 385 328 388 328 390 327 391 325 393 324 394 321 398 319 401 319 405 317 403 316 402 314 402 311 403 309 403 306 400 300 400 297 398 296 397 293 394 293 392 292 393 290 396 290 398 289 404 289 406 290 410 290 412 289 410 288 407 288 406 286 406 277 407 275 409 274 413 276 419 276 425 273 425 270 423 266 423 263 424 261 428 259 429 257 429 254 428 252 425 252 423 251 421 252 409 252 405 250 404 248 404 245 402 243 398 241 395 241 393 242 386 242 382 240 380 238 378 239 377 241 374 241 368 238 367 236 366 233 365 231 359 228 357 224 351 221 348 221 346 220 344 218 343 216 340 216 339 213 336 213 335 215 329 218 323 218 321 219 317 215 315 214 312 214 310 213 304 213 302 212 301 209 299 205 290 205 288 204 285 204 283 205 280 205 278 206 277 208 275 210 269 210 263 213 260 213 257 214 251 214 249 215 247 217 244 217 242 216 239 216 245 219 246 221 248 222 248 225 246 226 244 225 244 228 240 230 239 232 241 233 242 235 248 238 249 240 249 243 248 245 246 244 245 242 239 242 235 244 231 240 225 240 223 241 217 241 216 243 214 244 210 242 207 242 205 241 206 243 202 242 200 238 198 237 197 235 194 236 191 236 190 234 187 234 185 236 183 237 180 235 178 234 176 235 174 239 170 241 169 243 169 249 167 250 165 249 162 249 158 247 158 244 156 243 156 249 157 251 157 254 160 254 160 257 159 259 156 259 154 260 157 261 160 261 160 264 161 266 161 269 164 269 167 270 175 274 174 276 176 277 178 279 178 282 177 284 177 287 178 289 180 291 183 297 185 299 191 302 193 304 196 310 197 313 199 315 202 316 205 318 205 321 208 327 208 333 [[Wy/ta/Central Asia|Central Asia]] poly 113 308 117 306 118 304 120 305 129 305 132 306 136 308 139 308 141 309 147 309 149 310 152 310 154 311 155 313 163 317 169 317 170 319 172 320 174 324 176 323 177 321 179 320 182 320 184 319 190 319 191 321 195 323 196 326 196 329 198 333 198 342 197 344 197 347 191 350 185 350 183 346 181 345 181 339 178 339 174 341 173 343 171 344 170 346 167 347 164 347 162 346 161 343 160 341 152 337 150 333 148 332 145 326 141 324 138 324 136 323 133 323 131 322 128 322 126 321 114 321 [[Wy/ta/Caucasus|Caucasus]] </imagemap> ==நாடுகள்== *[[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]] *[[Wy/ta/இசுரேல்|இசுரேல்]] *[[Wy/ta/இந்தோனேசியா|இந்தோனேசியா]] *[[Wy/ta/ஈராக்|ஈராக்]] *[[Wy/ta/ஈரான்|ஈரான்]] *[[Wy/ta/உசுபெகிசுதான்|உசுபெகிசுதான்]] *[[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்]] *[[Wy/ta/ஓமன்|ஓமன்]] *[[Wy/ta/கசகசுதான்|கசகசுதான்]] *[[Wy/ta/கட்டார்|கட்டார்]] *[[Wy/ta/கம்போடியா|கம்போடியா]] *[[Wy/ta/கிர்கிசுதான்|கிர்கிசுதான்]] *[[Wy/ta/குவைத்|குவைத்]] *[[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]] *[[Wy/ta/சவூதி அரேபியா|சவூதி அரேபியா]] *[[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]] *[[Wy/ta/சிரியா|சிரியா]] *[[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]] *[[Wy/ta/சைப்ரசு|சைப்ரசு]] *[[Wy/ta/தாஜிகிஸ்தான்|தாஜிகிஸ்தான்]] *[[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்து]] *[[Wy/ta/தாய்வான்|தாய்வான்]] *[[Wy/ta/துருக்கி|துருக்கி]] *[[Wy/ta/துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்|துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்]] *[[Wy/ta/தென்கொரியா|தென்கொரியா]] *[[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]] *[[Wy/ta/பங்களாதேஷ்|பங்களாதேஷ்]] *[[Wy/ta/பாகாரேயின்|பாகாரேயின்]] *[[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] *[[Wy/ta/பிலிப்பைன்சு|பிலிப்பைன்சு]] *[[Wy/ta/புரூணை|புரூணை]] *[[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] *[[Wy/ta/மங்கோலியா|மங்கோலியா]] *[[Wy/ta/மலேசியா|மலேசியா]] *[[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] *[[Wy/ta/யெமன்|யெமன்]] *[[Wy/ta/யோர்தான்|யோர்தான்]] *[[Wy/ta/ரஷ்யா|ரஷ்யா]] *[[Wy/ta/லாவோசு|லாவோசு]] *[[Wy/ta/லெபனான்|லெபனான்]] *[[Wy/ta/வடகொரியா|வடகொரியா]] *[[Wy/ta/வியட்நாம்|வியட்நாம்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q48}} 8lyle25p0gp5lg66gsyanmez4ex5yrg 0 982663 6699509 6688491 2025-07-01T16:04:41Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q46]] 6699509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ஐரோப்பா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]] க்கு மேற்கிலும் [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] க்கு வடக்கிலும் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு கண்டமாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q46}} efzlhm925poadnhgsma8mhmyp0o6akf 10 1017808 6699504 6689299 2025-07-01T15:51:41Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q4608595]] 6699504 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="clear:both;margin:1em 0;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#ecfcf4;padding:.5em" class="template-documentation"><!-- These are the literal class definitions in common.css: /* For template documentation */ .template-documentation { clear: both; margin: 1em 0 0 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #ecfcf4; padding: .5em; } -->{{#ifeq:{{{heading|μ}}}|<!--**DEFINED BUT EMPTY**--> |<!--**NOTHING**--> |<div style="padding-bottom:3px;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:1ex">{{#ifeq:{{{content|μ}}}|μ |<span class="editsection plainlinks" id="doc_editlinks">{{#ifexist:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}} |<!--** /doc EXISTE** -->[[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}}} view]] [[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]] [[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}|action=history}} history]] [{{purge|புதுப்பிக்கவும்}}] |<!--**/doc NÃO EXISTE**-->[[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}|action=edit&preload=Template:Documentation/preload}} உருவாக்கவும்]] }}</span> }} <span style="{{#if:{{{heading-style|}}}|{{{heading-style}}}|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:template}}|font-weight:bold;font-size:125%|font-size:150%}}}}">{{#if:{{{heading|}}}|{{{heading}}}|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:template}}|[[Image:Template-info.svg|50px]] மூலத்தாள் ஆவணபடுத்தல்|documentation}}}}</span></div> }}<!-- --><div id="template_doc_page_transcluded" class="dablink plainlinks"><!-- -->{{#ifexist:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}} |<!--**/doc EXISTS**-->This documentation is transcluded from [[{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}]]. <small style="font-style: normal">([{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}|action=edit}} edit] &#124; [{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}|action=history}} வரலாறு])<br />'''''Note to editors:''' Please don't categorize this template by editing it directly. Instead, place the category in its documentation page, in its "includeonly" section.''</small><br /><!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}} |sandbox|testcases=<!--**DO NOT SHOW THESE LINKS ON THE SANDBOX/TESTCASES PAGES**--> |#default= {{#switch:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{ns:template}} |{{ns:user}}= {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox |This template has a [[/sandbox|sandbox]] <small style="font-style:normal">([{{fullurl:{{#rel2abs:/sandbox}}|action=edit}} மாற்று])</small> <!-- -->{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/testcases |and [[/testcases|testcases]] <small style="font-style:normal">([{{fullurl:{{#rel2abs:/testcases}}|action=edit}} edit])</small>}} for editors to experiment. |{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/testcases |This template has [[/testcases|testcases]] <small style="font-style:normal">([{{fullurl:{{#rel2abs:/testcases}}|action=edit}} edit])</small> for editors to experiment.}} }}}}}} </div> {{#if:{{{content|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{Wy/ta/Documentation/docname}}}}}}}}}}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> {{INTERWIKI|Q4608595}} </noinclude> 17fox00nq77x6bpsa352wbh1qnbppz9 10 1017821 6699505 6689294 2025-07-01T15:52:58Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q17617275]] 6699505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}} |sandbox|testcases={{ #rel2abs: ../doc }} |#default={{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}/doc }}<noinclude> [[Category:wy/ta/Template documentation|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{INTERWIKI|Q17617275}} </noinclude> oka6nymd6d4v5gc5i6j9x76z9nt1lw3 3 1382369 6699429 6548013 2025-07-01T14:14:55Z Kızıl 2602994 Kızıl moved page [[User talk:Teosco]] to [[User talk:SvalbardCat]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Teosco|Teosco]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/SvalbardCat|SvalbardCat]]" 2140188 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 10:58, 12 July 2014 (UTC) h5zof3ttqlx5dtm1z5f5oonu9sit8kp 3 1772217 6699707 2578186 2025-07-02T06:28:59Z Cabayi 533060 Cabayi moved page [[User talk:Blackrain1991]] to [[User talk:Renamed user 3326cb2fd15c93cb59412f232094d7ab]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Blackrain1991|Blackrain1991]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 3326cb2fd15c93cb59412f232094d7ab|Renamed user 3326cb2fd15c93cb59412f232094d7ab]]" 2578186 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 01:13, 3 January 2015 (UTC) r1egm9ax4be8jvj5mq20qvd37il893z 0 2437473 6699806 3521681 2025-07-02T10:02:10Z CommonsDelinker 992 Removing "White-pillows.jpg", it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: edit of pic found online 2009, before given date, not uploader's own https://tineye.com/search/9943b5406b02810ff3 6699806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/tao]] 8phkk1lhe2e9icdxto7tt5ai9bfro5b 10 2783210 6699492 3810152 2025-07-01T15:49:14Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q16743409]] 6699492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Special:Prefixindex/Wy/ta/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ta}}]] <noinclude>[[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q16743409}} </noinclude> 3yjuh9y5del941cgt3kyyawkrdc4jf6 3 2802681 6699649 3766188 2025-07-02T02:07:04Z J ansari 2521989 J ansari moved page [[User talk:Lucs1994]] to [[User talk:MacGyver Santista]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Lucs1994|Lucs1994]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/MacGyver Santista|MacGyver Santista]]" 3766188 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 17:53, 31 January 2016 (UTC) 9kbvk10sucr3u846rn3es8iba4ojb9o 0 2833848 6699506 6689526 2025-07-01T15:57:33Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q889]] 6699506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Quickbar | image=Black Hawk flying over a valley in Bamyan.jpg | location=LocationAfghanistan.svg | flag=Flag of Afghanistan.svg | capital=[[Wy/ta/கபுல்|கபுல்]] | government=இசுலாமியக் குடியரசு | currency=ஆப்கானி (AFN) | area=647,500 km²<br /> | population=31,108,077 (2013) | language=[[Wy/ta/Dari phrasebook|Afghan Persian]] (Dari) 50%, [[Wy/ta/Pashto phrasebook|Pashto]] 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism | religion=Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1% | electricity=220V/50Hz +/-50% | callingcode=+93 | tld=.af | timezone=UTC+4.5 }} '''ஆப்கானித்தான்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நிலத்தினால் சூழப்பட்ட மலைப்பாங்கான ஒரு நாடு ஆகும். மேற்கே [[Wy/ta/ஈரான்|ஈரான்]], தெற்கிலும் கிழக்கிலும் [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கிஸ்தான்]], வடக்கே துருக்மெனிஸ்தான், உஸ்பெகிஸ்தான், தாஜிக்ஸ்தான், கிழக்கில் [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]] போன்ற நாடுகள் இதன் எல்லைகளாக அமைந்துள்ளன. ==பிரதேசங்கள்== {{Wy/ta/Regionlist | regionmap=Map of Afghanistan.png | regionmaptext=ஆப்கானித்தானின் பிரதேசங்கள் | region1name=[[Wy/ta/மேற்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்|மேற்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்]] | region1color=#715D5C | region1description= | region2name=[[Wy/ta/கிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்|கிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்]] | region2color=#AC9393 | region2description= | region3name=[[Wy/ta/வடமேற்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்|வடமேற்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்]] | region3color=#827A78 | region3description= | region4name=[[Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்|வடகிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தான்]] | region4color=#766A60 | region4description= | region5name=[[Wy/ta/தென் ஆப்கானித்தான்|தென் ஆப்கானித்தான்]] | region5color=#655C5A | region5description= }} ==நகரங்கள்== [[File:View of Herat in 2009.jpg|thumb|View of [[Wy/ta/Herat|Herat]] from a hill in 2009.]] * [[Wy/ta/கபுல்|கபுல்]] - கிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது. தலைநகரம் <!-- capital top, alphabetise the rest --> * [[Wy/ta/பாமியன்|பாமியன்]] - ஒரு காலத்தில் உலக அதிசயங்களில் ஒன்றாக விளங்கியது. இங்கிருந்த உயரமான கல் வேலைப்பாடுகள் தலிபனால் கலாச்சார விசமத்தின் இழிவான செயலால் அழிக்கப்பட்டது. * [[Wy/ta/காழ்னி|காழ்னி]] - தென் கிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது, கபுலிற்கும், கந்தகரிக்கும் இடையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. * [[Wy/ta/கெரத்|கெரத்]] - கிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ஈரானிற்கான வாயிலாக விளங்குகிறது. பாரசீகத்தின் தாக்கம் காணப்படும் பல வரலாற்று சுற்றுலாத்தலங்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன. * [[Wy/ta/சலலபாத்|சலலபாத்]] - கிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது. கபுலிற்கும், கைப்பர் கணவாய்க்கும் இடையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. * [[Wy/ta/கந்தகர்|கந்தகர்]] - தெற்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது * [[Wy/ta/குண்டுசு|குண்டுசு]] - வடகிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ள முக்கிய நகரம். தஜிகிஸ்தான் புள்ளியை கடக்கிறது. * [[Wy/ta/மாசார்-இ சாரிப்|மாசார்-இ சாரிப்]] - ==வாங்க== ஆப்கானித்தானின் உள்நாட்டுப் பணம் '''ஆப்கானி''' ('''Afghani''', '''AFN''') ஆகும். திசம்பர், 2009-இன் அடிப்படையில், ஓர் அமெரிக்க டாலர் (USD1) 48.50 ஆப்கானிக்கு (AFN48.50) சமமாகும. ஓர் இந்திய ரூபாய் (₹1) 70 ஆப்கானிகளுக்கு (AFN70) சமமாக விளங்குகிறது. [[File:Pasht rug.jpg|thumb|150px|Afghan man holding Persian silk rug in southern Afghanistan.]] [[File:Kabul carpet vendor.jpg|thumb|150px|Carpets sold in Kabul. 1m sq. costs around $300]] ஆப்கானித்தானில் பேரம் பேசல் கலாச்சாரத்தில் முக்கிய இடத்தை வகிக்கிறது. ஆப்கானித்தானின் அதிக பிரபலமான உற்பத்தியாக விளங்குவது '''தரை விரிப்புக்கள்'''' ஆகும். சில தரை விரிப்புக்கள் கீழே வருமாறு: * '''பலுச்சி விரிப்பு''' ('''Baluchi rugs''') * '''தேர்கொமன் விரிப்பு''' (சிலவேளைகளில் போக்ஹரா, '''Turkoman rugs''', often labelled "Bokhara") * '''ஆப்கான் விரிப்பு''' ('''Afghan rugs''') ==பார்க்க== யுனெஸ்கோவின் உலக பாரம்பரிய களங்கள் பல ஆப்காநித்தானில் காணப்படுகின்றன. இதற்கும் மேலாக பல சுற்றுலாத்தலங்களும் காணப்படுகின்றன. *'''பாமியனின் புத்த சிற்பங்கள்'''. - தலிபன் ஆறாம் நூற்றாண்டு சிற்பங்கள் பலவற்றை கலாச்சார குற்றத்தில் அழித்தனர். *'''[[Wy/ta/பேண்ட்-இ அமீர் தேசிய பூங்கா|பேண்ட்-இ அமீர் தேசிய பூங்கா]]''', ஆறு ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்ட ஏரிகள் இதன் நேர்த்தியான இயற்கை ஈர்ப்பை மேலும் மெருகூட்டுகின்றன. இது கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 2900 தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. *'''ஜாமின் பள்ளி வாசல் தூபி''' ஹெரத்திற்கு வடக்கே அமைந்துள்ளது. யுனேஸ்கோவில் பட்டியலிடப்பட்டது. '''மாசாரி இ சாரிப்'''பில் அதிகமான சிறந்த பள்ளி வாசல்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன. மற்றும் '''ஹெரத்''' போன்ற இடங்களில் பள்ளி வாசல்களை மேம்படுத்தும் திட்டம் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டு வருகின்றது. ==செய்ய== ==சாப்பிட== [[File:Afghan cuisine.jpg|thumb|சில பிரபல ஆப்கானித்தானிய உணவுகள்.]] இங்கு மூன்று வகையான பாண் காணப்படுகின்றது. அவையாவன *'''நான்''' ('''Naan''') - நீளமாகவும், நீள்வட்டமாகவும் காணப்படும். *'''ஓபி நொன்''' ('''Obi Non''') - உஸ்பெக் வகை பாண். டிஸ்க் போன்ற வடிவத்தில் காணப்படும். நானை விட அடர்த்தியாக காணப்படும். வழமையாக வெள்ளை மாவில் செய்யப்படுகிறது. *'''லாவாஷ்''' ('''Lavash''') - மிகவும் ஒல்லியான பாண். லாவாஷ் மாதிரியான பாண் எங்கும் கிடைக்காது. வழமையாக இறைச்சிகள் மற்றும் அவியல்களுக்கான முலாமாக பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. அரிசி உணவு வகைகளே ஆப்கானித்தானில் அரசனாக விளங்குகிறது. அரிசி உணவு வகைகள் சில:- *'''கபுலி புலோ''' ('''Kabuli Pulao''' or Kabuli Palaw, Qabili Palaw, Qabili Palau or simply Palau) *'''சலோ''' ('''Chalao''') - வெள்ளை அரிசி. பாசுமதி மாதிரியான மிக நீளமான தானியங்கள் அவசியம். *'''பலோ''' ('''Palao''') *'''யாக்னி பலோ''' ('''Yakhni Palao''') *'''சமராட் பலோ''' ('''Zamarod Palao''') *'''குவோர்மா பலோ''' ('''Qorma Palao''') *'''போரே பலோ''' ('''Bore Palao''') *'''போஞ்சன்-இ-ரூமி பலோ''' ('''Bonjan-e-Roomi Palao''') *'''செர்காஹ் பலோ''' ('''Serkah Palao''') *'''செபெட் பலோ''' ('''Shebet Palao''') *'''நரேஞ் பலோ''' ('''Narenj Palao''') *'''மாஷ் பலோ''' ('''Maash Palao''') *'''அலௌ பலௌ பலோ''' ('''Alou Balou Palao''') '''குவோர்மா''' ('''Qorma''') என்ற உணவும் இங்கு பிரபல்யமாக விளங்குகிறது. இங்கு நூற்றிற்கும் மேற்பட்ட குவோர்மா வகைகள் காணப்படுகின்றன. அவற்றுள் சில:- *'''குவோர்மா அலோ-போகரா வ டல்னகோத்''' ('''Qorma Alou-Bokhara wa Dalnakhod''') *'''குவோர்மா நட்றூ''' ('''Qorma Nadroo''') *'''குவோர்மா லவாந்து''' ('''Qorma Lawand''') *'''குவோர்மா சப்ழி''' ('''Qorma Sabzi''') *'''குவோர்மா சல்கம்''' ('''Qorma Shalgham''') [[File:Bolani Afghan bread 01.jpg|thumb|150px|Bolani, similar to quesadilla]] '''நொறுக்குத்தீனிகள்''' *'''பகலவா''' ('''Baklava''') *'''ஆப்கான் கேக்''' ('''Afghan Cake''') *'''கோசு பீல்''' ('''Gosh Feel''') *'''பேர்னியா''' ('''Fernea''') *'''மோ-ரப்பா''' ('''Mou-rubba''') *'''குல்சா''' ('''Kulcha''') *'''நரேஞ் பளு''' ('''Narenge Palau''') == குடிக்க == ஆப்கானித்தான் இசுலாமிய நாடாக மாறியதிலிருந்து மதுசார கொள்வனவு குற்றம் ஆகும். ஆனாலும், [[Wy/ta/கபுல்|கபுலில்]] அமைந்துள்ள உணவு விடுதிகளில் இவற்றை பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். ==நித்திரைக்கு== பல உணவுவிடுதிகளும், தங்குவிடுதிகளும் ஆப்கானித்தானின் பிரதான நகரங்களில் அமைந்துள்ளன. [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q889}} kbjwbx5ec42t8ygz4t9f6rilhev6w5s 0 2833891 6699457 3807063 2025-07-01T15:18:55Z Faster than Thunder 2570590 Added eating advice 6699457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== கிட்டத்தட்ட ஒவ்வொரு உணவு வகைகளும் ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம் இல் குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன. ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] tb5l36fknk22y7re9h3w7tq00be65gc 0 2834374 6699510 6695559 2025-07-01T16:05:51Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q1042]] 6699510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''சீசெல்சு''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்கா|ஆபிரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== சீசெல்சு இன் உணவு வகைகளில் பல்வேறு தாக்கங்கள் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளன. நாடு இல் பல்வேறு வகையான கடல் உணவுகள் காணப்படுகின்றன. ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1042}} e2rl7kpn64ttzi6lorj4elm43zpvhzy 0 2834377 6699443 6671347 2025-07-01T15:05:51Z Faster than Thunder 2570590 /* சாப்பிட */ 6699443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''தன்சானியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்கா|ஆபிரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== * '''[[Wy/ta/டோடோமா|டோடோமா]]''': தன்சானியா வின் தலைநகரமும், மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான வர்த்தக நகரமும் ஆகும் ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== உற்பத்தி பெரும்பாலும் உயர்தரமானது, ஆனால் மேற்கத்திய விருப்பத்தேர்வுகள் இலிருந்து கணிசமாக வேறுபடலாம். ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] 1ewde5abq5ourjdao9sqz04qr3qb70v 0 2834666 6699586 6670651 2025-07-01T19:38:07Z Faster than Thunder 2570590 Added eating advice 6699586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''சுலோவேகியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== * '''[[Wy/ta/பிராத்திஸ்லாவா|பிராத்திஸ்லாவா]]''': சுலோவேகியா வின் தலைநகரமும், மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான வர்த்தக நகரமும் ஆகும் ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== '''புரிண்ட்ஸொவே ஹலூஷ்கி''' முயற்சி செய்வது மதிப்புக்குரியது. ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] 0dzk75jfwwlocqpzukr4djtxw7a9k1v 0 2834703 6699587 3808997 2025-07-01T19:39:51Z Faster than Thunder 2570590 Added eating advice 6699587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''லீஷ்டென்ஸ்டைன்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது மேற்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== லீஷ்டென்ஸ்டைன் இல் நல்ல எண்ணிக்கையிலான உணவகங்கள் உள்ளன. ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] flyw1337970xmevxraiy8f7l5h6vpx4 0 2834721 6699511 3809017 2025-07-01T16:07:28Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q298]] 6699511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''சிலி''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்கா|தென் அமெரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q298}} cmau8elq25l2x45c37il6z0zma6krng 10 2834803 6699498 3809269 2025-07-01T15:49:51Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q14326148]] 6699498 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="region_list"><!-- -->{{ #if: {{{regionmap|}}} | <span style="float: right; text-align:left">[[Image:{{{regionmap}}}|thumb|{{{regionmapsize|350px}}}|{{{regionmapprint|}}}|{{{regionmaptext|{{PAGENAME}} regions - Color-coded map}}}]]</span> }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region1name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region1color}}}|{{{region1name}}}|{{{region1items|}}}|{{{region1description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region2name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region2color}}}|{{{region2name}}}|{{{region2items|}}}|{{{region2description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region3name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region3color}}}|{{{region3name}}}|{{{region3items|}}}|{{{region3description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region4name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region4color}}}|{{{region4name}}}|{{{region4items|}}}|{{{region4description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region5name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region5color}}}|{{{region5name}}}|{{{region5items|}}}|{{{region5description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region6name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region6color}}}|{{{region6name}}}|{{{region6items|}}}|{{{region6description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region7name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region7color}}}|{{{region7name}}}|{{{region7items|}}}|{{{region7description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region8name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region8color}}}|{{{region8name}}}|{{{region8items|}}}|{{{region8description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region9name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region9color}}}|{{{region9name}}}|{{{region9items|}}}|{{{region9description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region10name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region10color}}}|{{{region10name}}}|{{{region10items|}}}|{{{region10description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region11name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region11color}}}|{{{region11name}}}|{{{region11items|}}}|{{{region11description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region12name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region12color}}}|{{{region12name}}}|{{{region12items|}}}|{{{region12description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region13name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region13color}}}|{{{region13name}}}|{{{region13items|}}}|{{{region13description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region14name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region14color}}}|{{{region14name}}}|{{{region14items|}}}|{{{region14description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region15name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region15color}}}|{{{region15name}}}|{{{region15items|}}}|{{{region15description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region16name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region16color}}}|{{{region16name}}}|{{{region16items|}}}|{{{region16description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region17name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region17color}}}|{{{region17name}}}|{{{region17items|}}}|{{{region17description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region18name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region18color}}}|{{{region18name}}}|{{{region18items|}}}|{{{region18description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region19name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region19color}}}|{{{region19name}}}|{{{region19items|}}}|{{{region19description}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{ #if: {{{region20name|}}} | {{Wy/ta/Regionlist/item|{{{region20color}}}|{{{region20name}}}|{{{region20items|}}}|{{{region20description}}} }} }} </div><noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q14326148}} </noinclude> ng4kyeemi08ar9xy49hwhvx2zv36v4l 10 2834804 6699499 3809268 2025-07-01T15:50:16Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q15139210]] 6699499 wikitext text/x-wiki {| | style="width:32px;background-color:{{{1}}};" | || '''{{{2}}}''' {{ #if: {{{3|}}} | ({{{3}}}) }}<br />{{{4}}} |}<noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q15139210}} </noinclude> segfrkia5xkj0u8mg62djgvfvem21j9 10 3080751 6699670 4629999 2025-07-02T04:04:31Z FireDragonValo 477162 Changed colors to the Canadian flag to the Pantone version as recommended by the government of Canada. 6699670 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><span style="display:none;">{{{3|Wp/ii/ꏦꆆꄊ|ꏦꆆꄊ}}}</span>[[File:Flag_of_Canada (Pantone).svg|border|{{#expr: {{{WIDTH|20}}} - 2}}px|{{{3|Wp/ii/ꏦꆆꄊ|ꏦꆆꄊ}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|#|<!--nix-->|&nbsp;{{#if:{{{Ziel|}}}|[[Wp/ii/{{{Ziel}}}|{{{Ziel}}}]]|[[{{{1|Wp/ii/ꏦꆆꄊ|ꏦꆆꄊ}}}|{{{2|ꏦꆆꄊ}}}]]}}}}</onlyinclude> gficfsv13oixeh2tnrxr7p0jir74mh8 4 3117546 6699476 6698749 2025-07-01T15:39:15Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699476 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikivoyage projects (Wy/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 11/06/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikivoyage||aa||Afar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/aa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/aa}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ace||Acehnese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ace|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ace}}]] ||? || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ady||Adyghe||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ady|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ady}}]] ||2018-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||af||Afrikaans||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/af|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/af}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ar||Arabic||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ar}}]] ||2012|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||as||Assamese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/as|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/as}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ain||Ainu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/ain}}]]||2023-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||az||Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/az|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/az}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||azb||South Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/azb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/azb}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bcc||Southern Balochi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bcc}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||be||Belarusian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/be|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||be-tarask||Belarusian (Taraskevica)||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/be-tarask|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be-tarask}}]] || 2025|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bew||Betawi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bew}}]] ||2025-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bg||Bulgarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bg}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ca||Catalan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ca}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||ckb||Central Kurdish||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ckb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ckb}}]] || 2024 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||da||Danish||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/da|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/da}}]] || 2013-01|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||diq||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/diq}}]] ||2012-11 || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||dz||Dzonkha||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/dz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/dz}}]] || 2025|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||eu||Basque||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/eu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/eu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||frp||Arpitan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/frp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/frp}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||hu||Hungarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/hu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/hu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||hy||Armenian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/hy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/hy}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||jbo||Lojban||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/jbo|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/jbo}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ka||Georgian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ka|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ka}}]] || 2012|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||kjh||Khakas||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/kjh}}]]||?|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||kk||Kazakh||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/kk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/kk}}]]||2020-10|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ko||Korean‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ko|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ko}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||la||Latin‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/la|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/la}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||lv||Latvian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/lv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/lv}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||lzh||Literary Chinese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/lzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/lzh}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ml||Malayalam||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ml|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ml}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||mn||Mongolian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/mn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/mn}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||mr||Marathi‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/mr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/mr}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||ms||Malay||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ms}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ne||Nepali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ne|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ne}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||pnt||Pontic Greek||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/pnt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/pnt}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||rkt|| Rangpuri||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/rkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/rkt}}]]|| 2024||style="background-color: grey;"| Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ryu||Okinawan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ryu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||scn||Sicilian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wy/scn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/scn}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sd||Sindhi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sd}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sh|| Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sh}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikivoyage||si||Sinhalese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/si|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/si}}]] ||2018 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sk||Slovak||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sk}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||skr||Saraiki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/skr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/skr}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sr||Serbian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sr}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||syl||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/syl}}]] || 2022 || style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikivoyage||ta||Tamil||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ta|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ta}}]] ||2013-01 || Recently active|| |- ||Wikivoyage||te||Telugu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/te|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/te}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||th||Thai||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/th|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/th}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||tt||Tatar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/tt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/tt}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||udm||Udmurt||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/udm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/udm}}]] || 2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ur||Urdu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ur|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ur}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wal||Wollayta||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wal}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wuu||Wu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wuu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wuu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wym||Wymysorys||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wym}}]] ||?|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||yue||Cantonese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/yue|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/yue}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||zu||Zulu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/zu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/zu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||zyj||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/zyj}}]] ||2018-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wy]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] mxu3w2vehd5l2dyj6ow36jafz0c2b90 6699756 6699476 2025-07-02T08:43:02Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699756 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikivoyage projects (Wy/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 11/06/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikivoyage||aa||Afar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/aa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/aa}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ace||Acehnese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ace|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ace}}]] ||2017 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ady||Adyghe||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ady|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ady}}]] ||2018-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||af||Afrikaans||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/af|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/af}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ar||Arabic||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ar}}]] ||2012|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||as||Assamese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/as|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/as}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ain||Ainu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/ain}}]]||2023-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||az||Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/az|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/az}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||azb||South Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/azb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/azb}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bcc||Southern Balochi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bcc}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||be||Belarusian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/be|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||be-tarask||Belarusian (Taraskevica)||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/be-tarask|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be-tarask}}]] || 2025|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bew||Betawi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bew}}]] ||2025-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bg||Bulgarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bg}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ca||Catalan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ca}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||ckb||Central Kurdish||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ckb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ckb}}]] || 2024 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||da||Danish||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/da|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/da}}]] || 2013-01|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||diq||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/diq}}]] ||2012-11 || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||dz||Dzonkha||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/dz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/dz}}]] || 2025|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||eu||Basque||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/eu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/eu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||frp||Arpitan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/frp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/frp}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||hu||Hungarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/hu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/hu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||hy||Armenian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/hy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/hy}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||jbo||Lojban||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/jbo|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/jbo}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ka||Georgian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ka|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ka}}]] || 2012|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||kjh||Khakas||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/kjh}}]]||?|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||kk||Kazakh||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/kk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/kk}}]]||2020-10|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ko||Korean‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ko|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ko}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||la||Latin‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/la|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/la}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||lv||Latvian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/lv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/lv}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||lzh||Literary Chinese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/lzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/lzh}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ml||Malayalam||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ml|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ml}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||mn||Mongolian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/mn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/mn}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||mr||Marathi‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/mr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/mr}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||ms||Malay||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ms}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ne||Nepali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ne|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ne}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||pnt||Pontic Greek||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/pnt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/pnt}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||rkt|| Rangpuri||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/rkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/rkt}}]]|| 2024||style="background-color: grey;"| Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ryu||Okinawan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ryu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||scn||Sicilian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wy/scn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/scn}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sd||Sindhi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sd}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sh|| Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sh}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikivoyage||si||Sinhalese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/si|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/si}}]] ||2018 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sk||Slovak||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sk}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||skr||Saraiki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/skr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/skr}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sr||Serbian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sr}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||syl||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/syl}}]] || 2022 || style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikivoyage||ta||Tamil||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ta|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ta}}]] ||2013-01 || Recently active|| |- ||Wikivoyage||te||Telugu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/te|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/te}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||th||Thai||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/th|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/th}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||tt||Tatar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/tt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/tt}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||udm||Udmurt||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/udm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/udm}}]] || 2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ur||Urdu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ur|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ur}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wal||Wollayta||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wal}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wuu||Wu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wuu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wuu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wym||Wymysorys||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wym}}]] ||?|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||yue||Cantonese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/yue|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/yue}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||zu||Zulu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/zu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/zu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||zyj||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/zyj}}]] ||2018-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wy]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] hqn9rq6yh18p5yzghmjhqzq4yjohkau 6699758 6699756 2025-07-02T08:44:41Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699758 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikivoyage projects (Wy/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 11/06/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikivoyage||aa||Afar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/aa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/aa}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ace||Acehnese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ace|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ace}}]] ||2021|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ady||Adyghe||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ady|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ady}}]] ||2018-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||af||Afrikaans||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/af|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/af}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ar||Arabic||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ar}}]] ||2012|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||as||Assamese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/as|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/as}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ain||Ainu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/ain}}]]||2023-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||az||Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/az|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/az}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||azb||South Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/azb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/azb}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bcc||Southern Balochi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bcc}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||be||Belarusian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/be|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||be-tarask||Belarusian (Taraskevica)||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/be-tarask|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be-tarask}}]] || 2025|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bew||Betawi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bew}}]] ||2025-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||bg||Bulgarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/bg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bg}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ca||Catalan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ca}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||ckb||Central Kurdish||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ckb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ckb}}]] || 2024 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||da||Danish||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/da|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/da}}]] || 2013-01|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||diq||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/diq}}]] ||2012-11 || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||dz||Dzonkha||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/dz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/dz}}]] || 2025|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||eu||Basque||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/eu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/eu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||frp||Arpitan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/frp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/frp}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||hu||Hungarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/hu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/hu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||hy||Armenian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/hy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/hy}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||jbo||Lojban||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/jbo|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/jbo}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ka||Georgian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ka|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ka}}]] || 2012|| Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||kjh||Khakas||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/kjh}}]]||?|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||kk||Kazakh||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/kk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/kk}}]]||2020-10|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ko||Korean‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ko|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ko}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||la||Latin‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/la|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/la}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||lv||Latvian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/lv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/lv}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||lzh||Literary Chinese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/lzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/lzh}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ml||Malayalam||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ml|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ml}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||mn||Mongolian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/mn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/mn}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||mr||Marathi‎||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/mr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/mr}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||ms||Malay||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ms}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ne||Nepali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ne|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ne}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||pnt||Pontic Greek||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/pnt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/pnt}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||rkt|| Rangpuri||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wy/rkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/rkt}}]]|| 2024||style="background-color: grey;"| Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ryu||Okinawan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ryu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||scn||Sicilian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wy/scn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wy/scn}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sd||Sindhi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sd}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sh|| Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sh}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikivoyage||si||Sinhalese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/si|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/si}}]] ||2018 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sk||Slovak||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sk}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||skr||Saraiki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/skr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/skr}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||sr||Serbian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/sr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/sr}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||syl||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/syl}}]] || 2022 || style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikivoyage||ta||Tamil||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ta|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ta}}]] ||2013-01 || Recently active|| |- ||Wikivoyage||te||Telugu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/te|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/te}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||th||Thai||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/th|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/th}}]] || || Inactive || |- ||Wikivoyage||tt||Tatar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/tt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/tt}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||udm||Udmurt||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/udm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/udm}}]] || 2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||ur||Urdu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/ur|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ur}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wal||Wollayta||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wal}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wuu||Wu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wuu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wuu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||wym||Wymysorys||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/wym}}]] ||?|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||yue||Cantonese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/yue|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/yue}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||zu||Zulu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/zu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/zu}}]] || || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikivoyage||zyj||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wy/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/zyj}}]] ||2018-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wy]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] rt6fu4qthq40nrfvpdvxj3evlxvz55y 0 3163449 6699579 5606799 2025-07-01T19:32:28Z Baap8969 2607556 6699579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Guanyu.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Guwan Ioi (Guan Yu), a legendary warrior from Chinese history]] '''guwan ioi''' [[Wp/mnc/amaga han|amaga han]] i baturu, geli buya gingguleme baita be gosimbi. Guwan Ioi gūnin aniya be dahame yabure urse de uthai baita waka, muse yabure gūnin be banjimbi. Guwan Ioi doro bethe de adali seme ambula hūwaliyaha, [[Wp/mnc/amaga han|Amaga Han]] i sinju i baturu seme hūwaliyaha. ==Kiamtun== Guwan Ioi turgun be tuwakiyame, baitalara de feksime adali uthai doro be hūwaliyaha. Turgun boo ci yabume, geli sahali i manju urse de buya seme hafanaha. ==Deleng uga== * [[Wp/mnc/amaga han]] * [[Wp/mnc/baturu]] * [[Wp/mnc/manju gurun]] ==Banin== * <span lang="zh">《三国演义》</span> (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) * <span lang="zh">《后汉书》</span> (Book of the Later Han) [[Category:Wp/mnc]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/Manchu culture]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/Historical figures]] {{INTERWIKI|Q222797}} pxdg6iloz60f3w13dk9131932y53nb5 3 3228187 6699652 5089130 2025-07-02T02:16:54Z Svartava 2575911 Svartava moved page [[User talk:Unlimiter]] to [[User talk:Ghoom]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Unlimiter|Unlimiter]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ghoom|Ghoom]]" 5089130 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 23:06, 11 March 2021 (UTC) jxio7mauc9mi320elubezrlxe95kt81 4 3230844 6699794 6678063 2025-07-02T09:36:48Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699794 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikipedia projects (Wp/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 16/05/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Local name ! No. of articles ! Starting date ! Status^{[Note 1]} ! Actions taken^{[Note 2]} |- ||Wikipedia||acf||Saint Lucian Creole||Kwéyòl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acf}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||acr||Achi||Achiʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acr}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aeb||Tunisian Arabic||تونسي / Tounsi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aeb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aeb}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aii||Suret||ܣܘܪܝܬ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aii}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||ain||Ainu||アイヌ・イタㇰ / Aynu itak||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ain}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||akv||[[Wp/akv]]||Akhvakh||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akv}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Never been active since creation. Deleted|| |- ||Wikipedia||akz||[[Wp/akz]]||Alabama||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ale||[[Wp/ale]]||Aleut||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ale|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ale}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aln||[[Wp/aln]]||Gheg Albanian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aln|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aln}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ams||[[Wp/ams]]||Amami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ams|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ams}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||aoc||[[Wp/aoc]]||Pemon||Arecuna||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||apc||[[Wp/apc]]||Levantine Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/apc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/apc}}]] || 2008-10 || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||arn||[[Wp/arn]]||Mapudungun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arn}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2022|| |- ||Wikipedia||aro||[[Wp/aro]]||Araona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aro}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||arq||[[Wp/arq]]||Algerian Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arq}}]] || || Last active 2023|| |- ||Wikipedia||ase||[[Wp/ase]]||American Sign||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ase|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ase}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2016|| |- ||Wikipedia||atv||[[Wp/atv]]||Northern Altai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/atv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/atv}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bal||[[Wp/bal]]||Balochi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bal}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bbj||[[Wp/bbj]]||Ghomala'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bbj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bbj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2013|| |- ||Wikipedia||bca||[[Wp/bca]]||Central Bai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bca}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bcc||[[Wp/bcc]]||Southern Baluchi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bcc}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||bci||[[Wp/bci]]||Baoulé||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bci}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||beu||Blagar||Tereweng||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/beu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/beu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bfq||Badaga||படக பாஷை /ಬಡಗ / ബഡഗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bfq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bfq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgc||Haryanvi||हरियाणवी / हरयाणवी / ہریاݨوی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/bgn|bgn]]||Western Baluchi||روچ کپتین بلوچی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgx||Balkan Gagauz Turkish||Rumeli Türkçesi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgz||Banggai||Banggai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bhh||Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)||בוכארי / Бухорӣ / Buxorī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bhh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bhh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bld||Bolango||Bulanga-Uki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bnn||Bunun||Bunun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bnn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bnn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bqi||Bakhtiari||بختیاری||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bqi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bqi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brh||Brahui|| براہوئی ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brx||Bodo||बर' / बड़ो||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bsk||Burushaski||بروشسکی / Burū́šaskī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bsk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bsk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||btd||Batak Dairi|| Kata Pakpak ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/btd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/btd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bto||Rinconada||Iriga Bicolano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bto|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bto}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||byv||Medumba||Mə̀dʉ̂mbɑ̀||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/byv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/byv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzd||Bribri||Talamanca||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzj||Belizean Creole||Kriol / Belize Kriol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzs||Brazilian Sign||Libras||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cac||Chuj|| Koti' ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cac|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cac}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cak||Kaqchikel||Kaqchikel Chʼabʼäl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chb||Chibcha||Muysccubun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chg||Chagatai||جغتای||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cho||Choctaw|| Chahta anumpa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjs||Shor|| Шор тили / тадар тили ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjy||Jin Chinese||晉語 / 晋语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckt||Chukchi||Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckv||Kavalan||Kbaran||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cnr||Montenegrin||црногорски / crnogorski||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cnr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cnr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cop||Coptic||ⲘⲉⲧⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ / Μετ Ρεμενκημι||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cop|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cop}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cps||Capiznon||Capiceٌo / Binisaya / Binisaya nga Capiznon / Bisaya||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cps|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cps}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||cpx||Pu-Xian Min||Pó-sing-gṳ̂ / 莆仙語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cpx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cpx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||csm||Central Sierra Miwok||Saclan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/csm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/csm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czh||Huizhou Chinese||徽語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/czh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czo||Min Zhong||閩中語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ami|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czo}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dar||Dargwa||дарган мез / dargan mez||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dar}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dis||Dimasa|| Grao-Dima/গ্ৰাউ-ডিমা ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dlg||Dolgan||Дулҕан ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dlg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dlg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dng||Dungan|| Dungan / Хуэйзў йүян / 回族語言 / خُوِزُو یُوِیًا / Hueizû yüyan ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dru||Rukai||Rukai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dru|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dru}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dtp||Dusun||Boros Dusun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dtp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dtp}}]] || ||Imported to dtp.wikipedia.org ||<span style="color:green">Created in 2024</span> |- ||Wikipedia||enf||Enets|| Онэй база / Onei baza ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||enm||Middle English||Englisce||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enm}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Deleted || |- ||Wikipedia||enx||Enxet||Enxet Sur||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ess||Siberian Yupik||''Юпик'' / Yupik|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ess|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ess}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||esu||Central Alaskan Yup'ik||Yugtun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/esu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/esu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||evn||Evenki||Эвэды̄ турэ̄н / Evedȳ turēn / Ewengki Gisong / əwəŋki gisʊŋ / {{wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠧᠸᠡᠩᠺᠢ ᠬᠢᠰᠰᠩ}} ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/evn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/evn}}]] || || |-||Wikipedia||fax||Fala||Fala||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fit||Meänkieli||meänkieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fit|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fit}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fkv||Kven||Kainun / kainu / kvääni / kväänin kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fkv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fkv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fla||Salish-Spokane-Kalispel||Séliš|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fla|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fla}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fmp||Fe'fe'||Fe'fe'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fmp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fmp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frc||Cajun French||français cadien/français cadjin||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frs||East Frisian Frisio-Saxon||Oostfreeske Taal||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gaa||Ga||Gã||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gbm||Garhwali||गढ़वाली||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gbm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gbm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gil||Gilbertese||Taetae ni kiribati||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gld||Nanai||На̄най||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||grc||Ancient Greek||Ἑλληνική ἀρχαία|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/grc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/grc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gyn||Guyanese Creole|| Creolese ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gyn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gyn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hil||Hiligaynon||Hiligaynon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ho||Hiri Motu||Hiri Motu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hoc||Ho||𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hrx||Riograndenser Hunsrückisch||Hunsrik||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hrx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hrx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hsn||Xiang||湘语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hsn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hsn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hz||Herero||Otjiherero||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||icr||Islander Creole English|| Bende / San Andrés Creole ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/icr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/icr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ii||Sichuan Yi||ꆇꉙ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ii}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||isv||Interslavic||Medžuslovjansky / Меджусловјанскы||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/isv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/isv}}]] ||2024||Recently active |- ||Wikipedia||itk||Judeo-Italian||ג'יודו-איטאליאנו/giudeo-italiano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||itl||Itelmen||Итэнмэн||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||izh||Ingrian||Ižoran keel||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/izh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/izh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jax||Jambi Malay||Baso Jambi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jct||Krymchak||Kırımçakça/Кърымчахча||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jct|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jct}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jdt||Judeo-Tat|| cuhuri / жугьури / ז׳אוּהאוּראִ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jje||Jeju||제주말||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jje|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jje}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jut||Jutish||jysk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jut|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jut}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kca||Khanty||ханты ясаӈ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kca}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kdr||Karaim||къарай тили, karaj tili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kdr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kdr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kea||Cape Verdean Creole||kabuverdianu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kea|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kea}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ket||Ket||Ostyganna qa'/ Остыганна ӄаʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ket|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ket}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kfr||Kutchi||કચ્છી||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kfr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kfr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/khw|khw]]||Khowar||کھوار||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/khw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/khw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kip||Sheshi kham||शेषी पाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kip|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kip}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kiu||Kirmanjki||Zazakiyê Zımey||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kiu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kiu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjh||Khakas||Хакас тілі / тадар тілі||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjj||Khinalug|| каьтш мицI / kätš micʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjp||Eastern Pwo|| ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ် ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||knc||Central Kanuri||Kànùrí||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/knc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/knc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kri||Krio||Krio||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kri|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kri}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krj||Kinaray-a||Kinaray-a||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krl||Karelian||Karjalan kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ksw||S'gaw Karen||စှီၤ/ကညီကျိာ်||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ksw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ksw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ktz||Juǀ'hoan||Zhuǀʼhץa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ktz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ktz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kum||Kumyk|| къумукъ тил / qumuq til ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kum|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kum}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kvr||Kerinci||Baso Kincai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kvr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kvr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lew||Kaili||Kaili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lew}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lis||Lisu||ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||liv||Livonian||Līvõ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/liv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/liv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/lki|lki]]||Laki||لکی/laki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lki}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2012-09''</span> | |- ||Wikipedia||lkt||Lakota||Lakȟótiyapi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lkt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lou||Louisiana Creole||Kréyòl Lalwizyann||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lou|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lou}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lua||Luba-Lulua||Tshiluba||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lus||Mizo||Mizo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lus|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lus}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lzz||Laz||ლაზური;Lazuri||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lzz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lzz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mag|mag]]||[[:en:Magahi language|Magahi]]|| मगही / 𑂧𑂏𑂯𑂲 ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mag|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mag}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2022-10''</span> || style="background-color: yellow;" | Active since 2024-04 || [[:meta:Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Magahi|Waiting for final approval]] |- ||Wikipedia||mak||Makassarese||ᨅᨔ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ Basa Mangkasara'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mfa|mfa]]||Kelantan-Pattani Malay||Kecek Klate-Ttaning||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mfe||Mauritian Creole||Morisyen||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mfp||Makassar Malay|| Melayu Makassar ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mh||Marshallese||Mahjet||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mhp||Balinese Malay|| Omong Kampung ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mhp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mhp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mic||Mi'kmaq||Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mic|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mic}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mnc||Manchu||{{Wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}}||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnc}}]] || 2007-03|| |- ||Wikipedia||mnp||Min Bei||Mâing-bă̤-ngṳ̌ / 閩北語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mns||Mansi||ּма̄ньси ла̄тыӈ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mns|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mns}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moe||Innu-aimun||Innu-aimun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moh||Mohawk||Kanien’kיha||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mos||Mooré||Mooré||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mos|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mos}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mui||Musi||Pelיmbang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mui|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mui}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvf||Inner Mongolian||монгол хэл / {{wp/mvf/MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ}} / Mongol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvi||Miyako||ミャークフツ/宮古口||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mww||Hmong Daw||lus Hmoob / lug Moob / lol Hmongb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mww|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mww}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mxt||Mixtec||Mixtec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mxt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mxt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||na||[[Wp/na]]||Nauruan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/na|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/na}}]] || 2025 ||Deleted |- ||Wikipedia||nch||Central Huasteca Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nch|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nch}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nci||Classical Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nci}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ncj||Northern Puebla Nahuatl|| masehual tla’tol ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ncj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ncj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ng||Ndonga||Owambo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ngu||Guerrero Nahuatl|| nawatlajtoli ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ngu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ngu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nhn||Central Nahuatl||Nauatlajtoli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nhn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nhn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niu||Niuean||Ko e vagahau Niuē||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niv||Nivkh||Нивх диф||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nod||Northern Thai||กำเมือง||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nod|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nod}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nog||Nogai|| ногай тили / nogay tili / ногайша / nogayşa ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nog|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nog}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||non||Old Norse||Norrœnt||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/non|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/non}}]] || |- ||Wikipedia||nup||Nupe||nupe||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nup|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nup}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2021''</span>||Active||<span style="color:green">Created 24-04-2025</span> |- ||Wikipedia||nys||Noongar||Noongar||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oaa||Orok||Уйльта||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oge||Old Georgian||ენაჲ ქართული||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oge|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oge}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osi||Osing||Using||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osx||Old Saxon||Sahsisk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ote||Otomi||Hñahñu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ote|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ote}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ovd||Elfdalian||övdalsk / övdalską||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ovd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ovd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pau||Palauan||a tekoi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pau|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pau}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pdt||Plautdietsch||Plautdietsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pis||Solomon Islands Pijin||Pijin blo'Solomon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pmf||Pamona||Pamona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pox||Polabian||Wenske||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ppl||Pipil||Nawat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ppl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ppl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||prg||Prussian||Prūsiskan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/prg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pse||Central Malay||Bengkulu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pse|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pse}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pyu||Puyuma||卑南語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pyu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pyu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pzh||Pazih||Pazih (巴宰語/噶哈巫語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pzh}}]] ||2009|| |- ||Wikipedia||qub||Huallaga Quechua||Huallaga Quechua/ Runa shimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qub|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qub}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||quc||Kʼicheʼ||Kʼicheʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/quc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/quc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qug||Kichwa||Kichwa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qug}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qwh||Ancash Quechua||Nunashimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qwh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qwh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qxq||Qashqai||Qaşqay dili /قشقایی ديلى ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qxq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qxq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||raj||Rajasthani||राजस्थानी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/raj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/raj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rap||Rapa Nui||'Arero rapa nui||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rap}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rbl||Miraya Bikol||Miraya Bikol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rbl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rbl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rcf||Reunion creole||Kréol réyoné||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rcf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rcf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rej||Rejang||Hejang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rej|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rej}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rgn||Romagnol||Rumagnôl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rif||Tarifit||ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rif|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rif}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rjs||Rajbanshi||Rangpuri&nbsp;/&nbsp;Rajbanshi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rki||Arakanese||ရခိုင်ဘာသာ||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wp/rki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wp/rki}}]] ||2010||Recently active.||Approved 23-04-2025 |- ||Wikipedia||rmc||Carpathian Romani||Romaňi čhib||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rmf||Finnish Kalo||kaalengo tšimb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rwr||Marwari||मारवाड़ी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rwr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rwr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rys||Yaeyama||ヤイマムニ/八重山物言||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ryu||Okinawan||うちなーぐち (沖縄口)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ryu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||saz||Saurashtra|| ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ ꢩꢵꢰꢵ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/saz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/saz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||scl||Shina||ݜݨیاٗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/scl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/scl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdc||Sassarese||Sassaresu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdh||Southern Kurdish||کوردی خوارگ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sei||Seri|| cmiique iitom ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sei|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sei}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ses||Koyraboro Senni|| soŋay ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ses|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ses}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sgh||Shughni||xuǧnůn ziv/хуг̌ну̊н ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sgh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sgh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shh||Shoshoni||Sosoni' da̲i̲gwape||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shy||Shawiya||Chaouïa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sjd||Kildin Sami|| кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл / kiillt saam' kiill||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sjd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sjd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sli||Lower Silesian||Schläsisch/ Schläs’sch / Schlä’sch / Schläsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||slr||Salar||Salırça / 撒拉语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/slr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/slr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sma||Southern Sami||Åarjelsaemien||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sma|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sma}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smj||Lule Sami||julevsámegiella||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sms||Skolt Sami||sääʹmǩiõll / nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sms}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smw||Sumbawa||Semawa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sro||Campidanese Sardinian||sardu campidanesu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sro}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||srr||Serer||Seereer||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/srr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/srr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ssf||Thao||Thao (邵語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ssf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ssf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sty||Siberian Tatar||ׁсыбыр тел||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sty|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sty}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||swu||Suwawa||Suwawa-Bunda||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/swu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/swu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxr||Hla’alua||Hla’alua||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxu||Upper Saxon||oborsexschn||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||syl||Sylheti||ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/syl}}]] ||2014 ||Imported to syl.wikipedia.org|| <span style="color:green">''Created 25-02-2025''</span> |- ||Wikipedia||taj||Tamang||तामाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/taj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/taj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tao||Yami||Cizicizing No Tao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tao|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tao}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||tkl||Tokelauan||Tokelau||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tkl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tkl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tli||Tlingit||Lingít||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tox||Tobian||ramarih Hatohobei||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||trp||Kokborok||Kokborok (Tripuri)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/trp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/trp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsg||Tausug||Bahasa Sūg||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tsg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tsg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsu||Tsou||Tsou||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tsu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tsu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tts||Isan||ภาษาอีสาน||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tts|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tts}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ttt||Tati||تاتی / zuhun tati / зугьун тати||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ttt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ttt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tvl||Tuvaluan||Ngangana Tuvalu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tvl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tvl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tvx||Taivoan||Taivoan (大武壠語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tvx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tvx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tzl||Talossan||Talossan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tzl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tzl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tzm||Central Atlas Tamazight|| Tamaziɣt / ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ / أمازيغية أطلس الأوسط ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tzm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tzm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ude||Udege||Удиэ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ude|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ude}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||udi||Udi||Удин муз / udin muz||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/udi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/udi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||uzs||Southern Uzbek||اوزبیکچه||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/uzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/uzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vai||Vai||ꕙꔤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmf||East Franconian German||Ostfränkisch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmw||Makhuwa||Emakuana||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wba||Warao||Warao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wba|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wba}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wls||Fakauvea||Faka'uwea||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wls|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wls}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wym||Wymysorys||Wymysiöeryś||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wym}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xmm||Manado Malay||bahasa Manado ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xmm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xmm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xnb||Kanakanavu||Kanakanavu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xnb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xpq||Mohegan-Pequot||Mohiks||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xpq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xpq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xsy||SaiSiyat||Saisiyat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xsy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xsy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xug||[[Wp/xug]]||Kunigami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xug}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||yai||Yaghnobi||Яғнобӣ зивок/Yaghnobī zivok||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrk||Nenets||ненэцяʼ вада/ nenécja' vada||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrl||Nheengatu||nheẽgatu / nhẽẽgatu / yẽgatu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yua||Yucatec Maya||Maaya t'aan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||zai||[[Wp/zai]]||Isthmus Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zai}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zap||[[Wp/zap]]||Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zap}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zsm||[[Wp/zsm]]||||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zsm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zsm}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zyj||[[Wp/zyj]]||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zyj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wp]] ==Notes== # '''Status''' of the project. # '''Actions taken''' by the LangCom members. == See also == * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] d5mihe9cj21fu8f93ewgp4wsrfxi53k 6699795 6699794 2025-07-02T09:38:37Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699795 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikipedia projects (Wp/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 16/05/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Local name ! No. of articles ! Starting date ! Status^{[Note 1]} ! Actions taken^{[Note 2]} |- ||Wikipedia||acf||Saint Lucian Creole||Kwéyòl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acf}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||acr||Achi||Achiʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acr}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aeb||Tunisian Arabic||تونسي / Tounsi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aeb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aeb}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aii||Suret||ܣܘܪܝܬ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aii}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||ain||Ainu||アイヌ・イタㇰ / Aynu itak||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ain}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||akv||[[Wp/akv]]||Akhvakh||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akv}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Never been active since creation. Deleted|| |- ||Wikipedia||akz||[[Wp/akz]]||Alabama||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ale||[[Wp/ale]]||Aleut||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ale|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ale}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aln||[[Wp/aln]]||Gheg Albanian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aln|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aln}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ams||[[Wp/ams]]||Amami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ams|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ams}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||aoc||[[Wp/aoc]]||Pemon||Arecuna||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||apc||[[Wp/apc]]||Levantine Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/apc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/apc}}]] || 2008-10 || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||arn||[[Wp/arn]]||Mapudungun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arn}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2022|| |- ||Wikipedia||aro||[[Wp/aro]]||Araona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aro}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||arq||[[Wp/arq]]||Algerian Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arq}}]] || || Last active 2023|| |- ||Wikipedia||ase||[[Wp/ase]]||American Sign||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ase|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ase}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2016|| |- ||Wikipedia||atv||[[Wp/atv]]||Northern Altai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/atv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/atv}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bal||[[Wp/bal]]||Balochi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bal}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bbj||[[Wp/bbj]]||Ghomala'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bbj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bbj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2013|| |- ||Wikipedia||bca||[[Wp/bca]]||Central Bai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bca}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bcc||[[Wp/bcc]]||Southern Baluchi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bcc}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||bci||[[Wp/bci]]||Baoulé||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bci}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||beu||Blagar||Tereweng||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/beu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/beu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bfq||Badaga||படக பாஷை /ಬಡಗ / ബഡഗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bfq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bfq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgc||Haryanvi||हरियाणवी / हरयाणवी / ہریاݨوی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/bgn|bgn]]||Western Baluchi||روچ کپتین بلوچی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgx||Balkan Gagauz Turkish||Rumeli Türkçesi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgz||Banggai||Banggai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bhh||Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)||בוכארי / Бухорӣ / Buxorī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bhh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bhh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bld||Bolango||Bulanga-Uki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bnn||Bunun||Bunun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bnn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bnn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bqi||Bakhtiari||بختیاری||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bqi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bqi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brh||Brahui|| براہوئی ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brx||Bodo||बर' / बड़ो||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bsk||Burushaski||بروشسکی / Burū́šaskī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bsk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bsk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||btd||Batak Dairi|| Kata Pakpak ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/btd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/btd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bto||Rinconada||Iriga Bicolano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bto|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bto}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||byv||Medumba||Mə̀dʉ̂mbɑ̀||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/byv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/byv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzd||Bribri||Talamanca||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzj||Belizean Creole||Kriol / Belize Kriol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzs||Brazilian Sign||Libras||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cac||Chuj|| Koti' ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cac|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cac}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cak||Kaqchikel||Kaqchikel Chʼabʼäl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chb||Chibcha||Muysccubun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chg||Chagatai||جغتای||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cho||Choctaw|| Chahta anumpa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjs||Shor|| Шор тили / тадар тили ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjy||Jin Chinese||晉語 / 晋语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckt||Chukchi||Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckv||Kavalan||Kbaran||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cnr||Montenegrin||црногорски / crnogorski||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cnr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cnr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cop||Coptic||ⲘⲉⲧⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ / Μετ Ρεμενκημι||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cop|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cop}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cps||Capiznon||Capiceٌo / Binisaya / Binisaya nga Capiznon / Bisaya||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cps|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cps}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||cpx||Pu-Xian Min||Pó-sing-gṳ̂ / 莆仙語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cpx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cpx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||csm||Central Sierra Miwok||Saclan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/csm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/csm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czh||Huizhou Chinese||徽語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/czh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czo||Min Zhong||閩中語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ami|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czo}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dar||Dargwa||дарган мез / dargan mez||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dar}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dis||Dimasa|| Grao-Dima/গ্ৰাউ-ডিমা ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dlg||Dolgan||Дулҕан ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dlg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dlg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dng||Dungan|| Dungan / Хуэйзў йүян / 回族語言 / خُوِزُو یُوِیًا / Hueizû yüyan ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dru||Rukai||Rukai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dru|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dru}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dtp||Dusun||Boros Dusun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dtp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dtp}}]] || ||Imported to dtp.wikipedia.org ||<span style="color:green">Created in 2024</span> |- ||Wikipedia||enf||Enets|| Онэй база / Onei baza ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||enm||Middle English||Englisce||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enm}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Deleted || |- ||Wikipedia||enx||Enxet||Enxet Sur||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ess||Siberian Yupik||''Юпик'' / Yupik|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ess|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ess}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||esu||Central Alaskan Yup'ik||Yugtun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/esu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/esu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||evn||Evenki||Эвэды̄ турэ̄н / Evedȳ turēn / Ewengki Gisong / əwəŋki gisʊŋ / {{wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠧᠸᠡᠩᠺᠢ ᠬᠢᠰᠰᠩ}} ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/evn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/evn}}]] || || |-||Wikipedia||fax||Fala||Fala||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fit||Meänkieli||meänkieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fit|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fit}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fkv||Kven||Kainun / kainu / kvääni / kväänin kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fkv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fkv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fla||Salish-Spokane-Kalispel||Séliš|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fla|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fla}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fmp||Fe'fe'||Fe'fe'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fmp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fmp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frc||Cajun French||français cadien/français cadjin||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frs||East Frisian Frisio-Saxon||Oostfreeske Taal||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gaa||Ga||Gã||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gbm||Garhwali||गढ़वाली||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gbm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gbm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gil||Gilbertese||Taetae ni kiribati||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gld||Nanai||На̄най||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||grc||Ancient Greek||Ἑλληνική ἀρχαία|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/grc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/grc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gyn||Guyanese Creole|| Creolese ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gyn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gyn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hil||Hiligaynon||Hiligaynon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ho||Hiri Motu||Hiri Motu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hoc||Ho||𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hrx||Riograndenser Hunsrückisch||Hunsrik||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hrx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hrx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hsn||Xiang||湘语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hsn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hsn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hz||Herero||Otjiherero||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||icr||Islander Creole English|| Bende / San Andrés Creole ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/icr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/icr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ii||Sichuan Yi||ꆇꉙ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ii}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||isv||Interslavic||Medžuslovjansky / Меджусловјанскы||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/isv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/isv}}]] ||2024||Recently active |- ||Wikipedia||itk||Judeo-Italian||ג'יודו-איטאליאנו/giudeo-italiano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||itl||Itelmen||Итэнмэн||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||izh||Ingrian||Ižoran keel||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/izh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/izh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jax||Jambi Malay||Baso Jambi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jct||Krymchak||Kırımçakça/Кърымчахча||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jct|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jct}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jdt||Judeo-Tat|| cuhuri / жугьури / ז׳אוּהאוּראִ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jje||Jeju||제주말||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jje|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jje}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jut||Jutish||jysk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jut|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jut}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kca||Khanty||ханты ясаӈ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kca}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kdr||Karaim||къарай тили, karaj tili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kdr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kdr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kea||Cape Verdean Creole||kabuverdianu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kea|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kea}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ket||Ket||Ostyganna qa'/ Остыганна ӄаʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ket|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ket}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kfr||Kutchi||કચ્છી||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kfr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kfr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/khw|khw]]||Khowar||کھوار||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/khw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/khw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kip||Sheshi kham||शेषी पाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kip|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kip}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kiu||Kirmanjki||Zazakiyê Zımey||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kiu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kiu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjh||Khakas||Хакас тілі / тадар тілі||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjj||Khinalug|| каьтш мицI / kätš micʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjp||Eastern Pwo|| ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ် ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||knc||Central Kanuri||Kànùrí||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/knc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/knc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kri||Krio||Krio||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kri|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kri}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krj||Kinaray-a||Kinaray-a||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krl||Karelian||Karjalan kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ksw||S'gaw Karen||စှီၤ/ကညီကျိာ်||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ksw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ksw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ktz||Juǀ'hoan||Zhuǀʼhץa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ktz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ktz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kum||Kumyk|| къумукъ тил / qumuq til ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kum|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kum}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kvr||Kerinci||Baso Kincai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kvr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kvr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lew||Kaili||Kaili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lew}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lis||Lisu||ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||liv||Livonian||Līvõ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/liv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/liv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/lki|lki]]||Laki||لکی/laki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lki}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2012-09''</span> | |- ||Wikipedia||lkt||Lakota||Lakȟótiyapi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lkt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lou||Louisiana Creole||Kréyòl Lalwizyann||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lou|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lou}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lua||Luba-Lulua||Tshiluba||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lus||Mizo||Mizo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lus|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lus}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lzz||Laz||ლაზური;Lazuri||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lzz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lzz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mag|mag]]||[[:en:Magahi language|Magahi]]|| मगही / 𑂧𑂏𑂯𑂲 ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mag|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mag}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2022-10''</span> || style="background-color: yellow;" | Active since 2024-04 || [[:meta:Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Magahi|Waiting for final approval]] |- ||Wikipedia||mak||Makassarese||ᨅᨔ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ Basa Mangkasara'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mfa|mfa]]||Kelantan-Pattani Malay||Kecek Klate-Ttaning||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mfe||Mauritian Creole||Morisyen||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mfp||Makassar Malay|| Melayu Makassar ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mh||Marshallese||Mahjet||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mhp||Balinese Malay|| Omong Kampung ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mhp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mhp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mic||Mi'kmaq||Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mic|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mic}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mnc||Manchu||{{Wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}}||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnc}}]] || 2007-03|| |- ||Wikipedia||mnp||Min Bei||Mâing-bă̤-ngṳ̌ / 閩北語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mns||Mansi||ּма̄ньси ла̄тыӈ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mns|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mns}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moe||Innu-aimun||Innu-aimun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moh||Mohawk||Kanien’kיha||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mos||Mooré||Mooré||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mos|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mos}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mui||Musi||Pelיmbang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mui|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mui}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvf||Inner Mongolian||монгол хэл / {{wp/mvf/MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ}} / Mongol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvi||Miyako||ミャークフツ/宮古口||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mww||Hmong Daw||lus Hmoob / lug Moob / lol Hmongb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mww|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mww}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mxt||Mixtec||Mixtec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mxt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mxt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||na||[[Wp/na]]||Nauruan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/na|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/na}}]] || 2025 ||Deleted |- ||Wikipedia||nch||Central Huasteca Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nch|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nch}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nci||Classical Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nci}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ncj||Northern Puebla Nahuatl|| masehual tla’tol ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ncj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ncj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ng||Ndonga||Owambo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ngu||Guerrero Nahuatl|| nawatlajtoli ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ngu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ngu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nhn||Central Nahuatl||Nauatlajtoli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nhn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nhn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niu||Niuean||Ko e vagahau Niuē||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niv||Nivkh||Нивх диф||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nod||Northern Thai||กำเมือง||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nod|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nod}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nog||Nogai|| ногай тили / nogay tili / ногайша / nogayşa ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nog|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nog}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||non||Old Norse||Norrœnt||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/non|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/non}}]] || |- ||Wikipedia||nup||Nupe||nupe||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nup|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nup}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2021''</span>||Imported to nup.wikipedia.org||<span style="color:green">Created 24-04-2025</span> |- ||Wikipedia||nys||Noongar||Noongar||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oaa||Orok||Уйльта||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oge||Old Georgian||ენაჲ ქართული||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oge|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oge}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osi||Osing||Using||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osx||Old Saxon||Sahsisk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ote||Otomi||Hñahñu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ote|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ote}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ovd||Elfdalian||övdalsk / övdalską||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ovd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ovd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pau||Palauan||a tekoi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pau|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pau}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pdt||Plautdietsch||Plautdietsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pis||Solomon Islands Pijin||Pijin blo'Solomon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pmf||Pamona||Pamona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pox||Polabian||Wenske||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ppl||Pipil||Nawat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ppl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ppl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||prg||Prussian||Prūsiskan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/prg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pse||Central Malay||Bengkulu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pse|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pse}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pyu||Puyuma||卑南語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pyu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pyu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pzh||Pazih||Pazih (巴宰語/噶哈巫語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pzh}}]] ||2009|| |- ||Wikipedia||qub||Huallaga Quechua||Huallaga Quechua/ Runa shimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qub|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qub}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||quc||Kʼicheʼ||Kʼicheʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/quc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/quc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qug||Kichwa||Kichwa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qug}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qwh||Ancash Quechua||Nunashimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qwh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qwh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qxq||Qashqai||Qaşqay dili /قشقایی ديلى ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qxq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qxq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||raj||Rajasthani||राजस्थानी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/raj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/raj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rap||Rapa Nui||'Arero rapa nui||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rap}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rbl||Miraya Bikol||Miraya Bikol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rbl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rbl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rcf||Reunion creole||Kréol réyoné||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rcf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rcf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rej||Rejang||Hejang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rej|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rej}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rgn||Romagnol||Rumagnôl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rif||Tarifit||ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rif|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rif}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rjs||Rajbanshi||Rangpuri&nbsp;/&nbsp;Rajbanshi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rki||Arakanese||ရခိုင်ဘာသာ||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wp/rki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wp/rki}}]] ||2010||Recently active.||Approved 23-04-2025 |- ||Wikipedia||rmc||Carpathian Romani||Romaňi čhib||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rmf||Finnish Kalo||kaalengo tšimb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rwr||Marwari||मारवाड़ी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rwr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rwr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rys||Yaeyama||ヤイマムニ/八重山物言||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ryu||Okinawan||うちなーぐち (沖縄口)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ryu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||saz||Saurashtra|| ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ ꢩꢵꢰꢵ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/saz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/saz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||scl||Shina||ݜݨیاٗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/scl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/scl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdc||Sassarese||Sassaresu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdh||Southern Kurdish||کوردی خوارگ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sei||Seri|| cmiique iitom ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sei|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sei}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ses||Koyraboro Senni|| soŋay ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ses|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ses}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sgh||Shughni||xuǧnůn ziv/хуг̌ну̊н ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sgh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sgh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shh||Shoshoni||Sosoni' da̲i̲gwape||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shy||Shawiya||Chaouïa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sjd||Kildin Sami|| кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл / kiillt saam' kiill||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sjd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sjd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sli||Lower Silesian||Schläsisch/ Schläs’sch / Schlä’sch / Schläsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||slr||Salar||Salırça / 撒拉语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/slr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/slr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sma||Southern Sami||Åarjelsaemien||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sma|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sma}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smj||Lule Sami||julevsámegiella||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sms||Skolt Sami||sääʹmǩiõll / nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sms}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smw||Sumbawa||Semawa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sro||Campidanese Sardinian||sardu campidanesu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sro}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||srr||Serer||Seereer||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/srr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/srr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ssf||Thao||Thao (邵語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ssf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ssf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sty||Siberian Tatar||ׁсыбыр тел||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sty|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sty}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||swu||Suwawa||Suwawa-Bunda||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/swu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/swu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxr||Hla’alua||Hla’alua||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxu||Upper Saxon||oborsexschn||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||syl||Sylheti||ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/syl}}]] ||2014 ||Imported to syl.wikipedia.org|| <span style="color:green">''Created 25-02-2025''</span> |- ||Wikipedia||taj||Tamang||तामाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/taj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/taj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tao||Yami||Cizicizing No Tao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tao|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tao}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||tkl||Tokelauan||Tokelau||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tkl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tkl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tli||Tlingit||Lingít||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tox||Tobian||ramarih Hatohobei||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||trp||Kokborok||Kokborok (Tripuri)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/trp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/trp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsg||Tausug||Bahasa Sūg||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tsg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tsg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsu||Tsou||Tsou||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tsu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tsu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tts||Isan||ภาษาอีสาน||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tts|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tts}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ttt||Tati||تاتی / zuhun tati / зугьун тати||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ttt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ttt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tvl||Tuvaluan||Ngangana Tuvalu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tvl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tvl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tvx||Taivoan||Taivoan (大武壠語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tvx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tvx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tzl||Talossan||Talossan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tzl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tzl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tzm||Central Atlas Tamazight|| Tamaziɣt / ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ / أمازيغية أطلس الأوسط ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tzm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tzm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ude||Udege||Удиэ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ude|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ude}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||udi||Udi||Удин муз / udin muz||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/udi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/udi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||uzs||Southern Uzbek||اوزبیکچه||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/uzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/uzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vai||Vai||ꕙꔤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmf||East Franconian German||Ostfränkisch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmw||Makhuwa||Emakuana||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wba||Warao||Warao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wba|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wba}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wls||Fakauvea||Faka'uwea||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wls|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wls}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wym||Wymysorys||Wymysiöeryś||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wym}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xmm||Manado Malay||bahasa Manado ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xmm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xmm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xnb||Kanakanavu||Kanakanavu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xnb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xpq||Mohegan-Pequot||Mohiks||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xpq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xpq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xsy||SaiSiyat||Saisiyat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xsy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xsy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xug||[[Wp/xug]]||Kunigami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xug}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||yai||Yaghnobi||Яғнобӣ зивок/Yaghnobī zivok||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrk||Nenets||ненэцяʼ вада/ nenécja' vada||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrl||Nheengatu||nheẽgatu / nhẽẽgatu / yẽgatu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yua||Yucatec Maya||Maaya t'aan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||zai||[[Wp/zai]]||Isthmus Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zai}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zap||[[Wp/zap]]||Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zap}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zsm||[[Wp/zsm]]||||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zsm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zsm}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zyj||[[Wp/zyj]]||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zyj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wp]] ==Notes== # '''Status''' of the project. # '''Actions taken''' by the LangCom members. == See also == * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] ktzijrf89p2d9p7dh2zud3lk6x0lze8 6699796 6699795 2025-07-02T09:40:16Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699796 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikipedia projects (Wp/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 16/05/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Local name ! No. of articles ! Starting date ! Status^{[Note 1]} ! Actions taken^{[Note 2]} |- ||Wikipedia||acf||Saint Lucian Creole||Kwéyòl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acf}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||acr||Achi||Achiʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acr}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aeb||Tunisian Arabic||تونسي / Tounsi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aeb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aeb}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aii||Suret||ܣܘܪܝܬ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aii}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||ain||Ainu||アイヌ・イタㇰ / Aynu itak||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ain}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||akv||[[Wp/akv]]||Akhvakh||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akv}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Never been active since creation. Deleted|| |- ||Wikipedia||akz||[[Wp/akz]]||Alabama||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ale||[[Wp/ale]]||Aleut||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ale|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ale}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aln||[[Wp/aln]]||Gheg Albanian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aln|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aln}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ams||[[Wp/ams]]||Amami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ams|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ams}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||aoc||[[Wp/aoc]]||Pemon||Arecuna||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||apc||[[Wp/apc]]||Levantine Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/apc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/apc}}]] || 2008-10 || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||arn||[[Wp/arn]]||Mapudungun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arn}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2022|| |- ||Wikipedia||aro||[[Wp/aro]]||Araona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aro}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||arq||[[Wp/arq]]||Algerian Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arq}}]] || || Last active 2023|| |- ||Wikipedia||ase||[[Wp/ase]]||American Sign||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ase|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ase}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2016|| |- ||Wikipedia||atv||[[Wp/atv]]||Northern Altai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/atv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/atv}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bal||[[Wp/bal]]||Balochi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bal}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bbj||[[Wp/bbj]]||Ghomala'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bbj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bbj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2013|| |- ||Wikipedia||bca||[[Wp/bca]]||Central Bai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bca}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bcc||[[Wp/bcc]]||Southern Baluchi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bcc}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||bci||[[Wp/bci]]||Baoulé||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bci}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||beu||Blagar||Tereweng||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/beu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/beu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bfq||Badaga||படக பாஷை /ಬಡಗ / ബഡഗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bfq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bfq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgc||Haryanvi||हरियाणवी / हरयाणवी / ہریاݨوی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/bgn|bgn]]||Western Baluchi||روچ کپتین بلوچی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgx||Balkan Gagauz Turkish||Rumeli Türkçesi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgz||Banggai||Banggai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bhh||Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)||בוכארי / Бухорӣ / Buxorī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bhh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bhh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bld||Bolango||Bulanga-Uki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bnn||Bunun||Bunun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bnn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bnn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bqi||Bakhtiari||بختیاری||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bqi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bqi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brh||Brahui|| براہوئی ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brx||Bodo||बर' / बड़ो||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bsk||Burushaski||بروشسکی / Burū́šaskī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bsk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bsk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||btd||Batak Dairi|| Kata Pakpak ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/btd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/btd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bto||Rinconada||Iriga Bicolano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bto|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bto}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||byv||Medumba||Mə̀dʉ̂mbɑ̀||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/byv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/byv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzd||Bribri||Talamanca||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzj||Belizean Creole||Kriol / Belize Kriol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzs||Brazilian Sign||Libras||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cac||Chuj|| Koti' ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cac|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cac}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cak||Kaqchikel||Kaqchikel Chʼabʼäl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chb||Chibcha||Muysccubun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chg||Chagatai||جغتای||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cho||Choctaw|| Chahta anumpa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjs||Shor|| Шор тили / тадар тили ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjy||Jin Chinese||晉語 / 晋语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckt||Chukchi||Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckv||Kavalan||Kbaran||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cnr||Montenegrin||црногорски / crnogorski||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cnr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cnr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cop||Coptic||ⲘⲉⲧⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ / Μετ Ρεμενκημι||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cop|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cop}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cps||Capiznon||Capiceٌo / Binisaya / Binisaya nga Capiznon / Bisaya||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cps|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cps}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||cpx||Pu-Xian Min||Pó-sing-gṳ̂ / 莆仙語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cpx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cpx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||csm||Central Sierra Miwok||Saclan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/csm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/csm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czh||Huizhou Chinese||徽語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/czh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czo||Min Zhong||閩中語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ami|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czo}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dar||Dargwa||дарган мез / dargan mez||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dar}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dis||Dimasa|| Grao-Dima/গ্ৰাউ-ডিমা ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dlg||Dolgan||Дулҕан ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dlg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dlg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dng||Dungan|| Dungan / Хуэйзў йүян / 回族語言 / خُوِزُو یُوِیًا / Hueizû yüyan ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dru||Rukai||Rukai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dru|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dru}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dtp||Dusun||Boros Dusun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dtp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dtp}}]] || ||Imported to dtp.wikipedia.org ||<span style="color:green">Created in 2024</span> |- ||Wikipedia||enf||Enets|| Онэй база / Onei baza ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||enm||Middle English||Englisce||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enm}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Deleted || |- ||Wikipedia||enx||Enxet||Enxet Sur||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ess||Siberian Yupik||''Юпик'' / Yupik|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ess|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ess}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||esu||Central Alaskan Yup'ik||Yugtun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/esu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/esu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||evn||Evenki||Эвэды̄ турэ̄н / Evedȳ turēn / Ewengki Gisong / əwəŋki gisʊŋ / {{wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠧᠸᠡᠩᠺᠢ ᠬᠢᠰᠰᠩ}} ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/evn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/evn}}]] || || |-||Wikipedia||fax||Fala||Fala||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fit||Meänkieli||meänkieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fit|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fit}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fkv||Kven||Kainun / kainu / kvääni / kväänin kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fkv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fkv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fla||Salish-Spokane-Kalispel||Séliš|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fla|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fla}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fmp||Fe'fe'||Fe'fe'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fmp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fmp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frc||Cajun French||français cadien/français cadjin||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frs||East Frisian Frisio-Saxon||Oostfreeske Taal||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gaa||Ga||Gã||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gbm||Garhwali||गढ़वाली||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gbm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gbm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gil||Gilbertese||Taetae ni kiribati||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gld||Nanai||На̄най||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||grc||Ancient Greek||Ἑλληνική ἀρχαία|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/grc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/grc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gyn||Guyanese Creole|| Creolese ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gyn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gyn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hil||Hiligaynon||Hiligaynon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ho||Hiri Motu||Hiri Motu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hoc||Ho||𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hrx||Riograndenser Hunsrückisch||Hunsrik||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hrx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hrx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hsn||Xiang||湘语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hsn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hsn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hz||Herero||Otjiherero||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||icr||Islander Creole English|| Bende / San Andrés Creole ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/icr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/icr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ii||Sichuan Yi||ꆇꉙ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ii}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||isv||Interslavic||Medžuslovjansky / Меджусловјанскы||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/isv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/isv}}]] ||2024||Recently active |- ||Wikipedia||itk||Judeo-Italian||ג'יודו-איטאליאנו/giudeo-italiano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||itl||Itelmen||Итэнмэн||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||izh||Ingrian||Ižoran keel||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/izh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/izh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jax||Jambi Malay||Baso Jambi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jct||Krymchak||Kırımçakça/Кърымчахча||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jct|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jct}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jdt||Judeo-Tat|| cuhuri / жугьури / ז׳אוּהאוּראִ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jje||Jeju||제주말||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jje|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jje}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jut||Jutish||jysk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jut|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jut}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kca||Khanty||ханты ясаӈ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kca}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kdr||Karaim||къарай тили, karaj tili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kdr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kdr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kea||Cape Verdean Creole||kabuverdianu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kea|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kea}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ket||Ket||Ostyganna qa'/ Остыганна ӄаʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ket|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ket}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kfr||Kutchi||કચ્છી||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kfr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kfr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/khw|khw]]||Khowar||کھوار||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/khw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/khw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kip||Sheshi kham||शेषी पाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kip|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kip}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kiu||Kirmanjki||Zazakiyê Zımey||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kiu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kiu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjh||Khakas||Хакас тілі / тадар тілі||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjj||Khinalug|| каьтш мицI / kätš micʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjp||Eastern Pwo|| ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ် ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||knc||Central Kanuri||Kànùrí||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/knc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/knc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kri||Krio||Krio||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kri|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kri}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krj||Kinaray-a||Kinaray-a||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krl||Karelian||Karjalan kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ksw||S'gaw Karen||စှီၤ/ကညီကျိာ်||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ksw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ksw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ktz||Juǀ'hoan||Zhuǀʼhץa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ktz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ktz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kum||Kumyk|| къумукъ тил / qumuq til ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kum|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kum}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kvr||Kerinci||Baso Kincai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kvr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kvr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lew||Kaili||Kaili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lew}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lis||Lisu||ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||liv||Livonian||Līvõ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/liv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/liv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/lki|lki]]||Laki||لکی/laki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lki}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2012-09''</span> | |- ||Wikipedia||lkt||Lakota||Lakȟótiyapi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lkt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lou||Louisiana Creole||Kréyòl Lalwizyann||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lou|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lou}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lua||Luba-Lulua||Tshiluba||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lus||Mizo||Mizo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lus|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lus}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lzz||Laz||ლაზური;Lazuri||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lzz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lzz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mag|mag]]||[[:en:Magahi language|Magahi]]|| मगही / 𑂧𑂏𑂯𑂲 ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mag|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mag}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2022-10''</span> || style="background-color: yellow;" | Active since 2024-04 || [[:meta:Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Magahi|Waiting for final approval]] |- ||Wikipedia||mak||Makassarese||ᨅᨔ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ Basa Mangkasara'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mfa|mfa]]||Kelantan-Pattani Malay||Kecek Klate-Ttaning||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfa}}]] ||2024 || |- ||Wikipedia||mfe||Mauritian Creole||Morisyen||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mfp||Makassar Malay|| Melayu Makassar ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mh||Marshallese||Mahjet||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mhp||Balinese Malay|| Omong Kampung ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mhp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mhp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mic||Mi'kmaq||Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mic|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mic}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mnc||Manchu||{{Wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}}||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnc}}]] || 2007-03|| |- ||Wikipedia||mnp||Min Bei||Mâing-bă̤-ngṳ̌ / 閩北語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mns||Mansi||ּма̄ньси ла̄тыӈ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mns|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mns}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moe||Innu-aimun||Innu-aimun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moh||Mohawk||Kanien’kיha||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mos||Mooré||Mooré||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mos|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mos}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mui||Musi||Pelיmbang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mui|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mui}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvf||Inner Mongolian||монгол хэл / {{wp/mvf/MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ}} / Mongol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvi||Miyako||ミャークフツ/宮古口||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mww||Hmong Daw||lus Hmoob / lug Moob / lol Hmongb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mww|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mww}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mxt||Mixtec||Mixtec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mxt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mxt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||na||[[Wp/na]]||Nauruan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/na|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/na}}]] || 2025 ||Deleted |- ||Wikipedia||nch||Central Huasteca Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nch|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nch}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nci||Classical Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nci}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ncj||Northern Puebla Nahuatl|| masehual tla’tol ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ncj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ncj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ng||Ndonga||Owambo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ngu||Guerrero Nahuatl|| nawatlajtoli ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ngu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ngu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nhn||Central Nahuatl||Nauatlajtoli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nhn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nhn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niu||Niuean||Ko e vagahau Niuē||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niv||Nivkh||Нивх диф||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nod||Northern Thai||กำเมือง||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nod|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nod}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nog||Nogai|| ногай тили / nogay tili / ногайша / nogayşa ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nog|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nog}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||non||Old Norse||Norrœnt||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/non|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/non}}]] || |- ||Wikipedia||nup||Nupe||nupe||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nup|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nup}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2021''</span>||Imported to nup.wikipedia.org||<span style="color:green">Created 24-04-2025</span> |- ||Wikipedia||nys||Noongar||Noongar||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oaa||Orok||Уйльта||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oge||Old Georgian||ენაჲ ქართული||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oge|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oge}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osi||Osing||Using||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osx||Old Saxon||Sahsisk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ote||Otomi||Hñahñu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ote|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ote}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ovd||Elfdalian||övdalsk / övdalską||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ovd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ovd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pau||Palauan||a tekoi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pau|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pau}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pdt||Plautdietsch||Plautdietsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pis||Solomon Islands Pijin||Pijin blo'Solomon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pmf||Pamona||Pamona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pox||Polabian||Wenske||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ppl||Pipil||Nawat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ppl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ppl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||prg||Prussian||Prūsiskan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/prg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pse||Central Malay||Bengkulu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pse|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pse}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pyu||Puyuma||卑南語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pyu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pyu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pzh||Pazih||Pazih (巴宰語/噶哈巫語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pzh}}]] ||2009|| |- ||Wikipedia||qub||Huallaga Quechua||Huallaga Quechua/ Runa shimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qub|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qub}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||quc||Kʼicheʼ||Kʼicheʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/quc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/quc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qug||Kichwa||Kichwa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qug}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qwh||Ancash Quechua||Nunashimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qwh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qwh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qxq||Qashqai||Qaşqay dili /قشقایی ديلى ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qxq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qxq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||raj||Rajasthani||राजस्थानी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/raj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/raj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rap||Rapa Nui||'Arero rapa nui||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rap}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rbl||Miraya Bikol||Miraya Bikol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rbl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rbl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rcf||Reunion creole||Kréol réyoné||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rcf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rcf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rej||Rejang||Hejang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rej|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rej}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rgn||Romagnol||Rumagnôl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rif||Tarifit||ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rif|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rif}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rjs||Rajbanshi||Rangpuri&nbsp;/&nbsp;Rajbanshi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rki||Arakanese||ရခိုင်ဘာသာ||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wp/rki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wp/rki}}]] ||2010||Recently active.||Approved 23-04-2025 |- ||Wikipedia||rmc||Carpathian Romani||Romaňi čhib||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rmf||Finnish Kalo||kaalengo tšimb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rwr||Marwari||मारवाड़ी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rwr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rwr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rys||Yaeyama||ヤイマムニ/八重山物言||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ryu||Okinawan||うちなーぐち (沖縄口)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ryu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||saz||Saurashtra|| ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ ꢩꢵꢰꢵ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/saz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/saz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||scl||Shina||ݜݨیاٗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/scl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/scl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdc||Sassarese||Sassaresu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdh||Southern Kurdish||کوردی خوارگ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sei||Seri|| cmiique iitom ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sei|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sei}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ses||Koyraboro Senni|| soŋay ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ses|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ses}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sgh||Shughni||xuǧnůn ziv/хуг̌ну̊н ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sgh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sgh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shh||Shoshoni||Sosoni' da̲i̲gwape||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shy||Shawiya||Chaouïa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sjd||Kildin Sami|| кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл / kiillt saam' kiill||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sjd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sjd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sli||Lower Silesian||Schläsisch/ Schläs’sch / Schlä’sch / Schläsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||slr||Salar||Salırça / 撒拉语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/slr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/slr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sma||Southern Sami||Åarjelsaemien||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sma|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sma}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smj||Lule Sami||julevsámegiella||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sms||Skolt Sami||sääʹmǩiõll / nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sms}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smw||Sumbawa||Semawa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sro||Campidanese Sardinian||sardu campidanesu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sro}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||srr||Serer||Seereer||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/srr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/srr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ssf||Thao||Thao (邵語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ssf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ssf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sty||Siberian Tatar||ׁсыбыр тел||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sty|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sty}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||swu||Suwawa||Suwawa-Bunda||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/swu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/swu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxr||Hla’alua||Hla’alua||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxu||Upper Saxon||oborsexschn||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||syl||Sylheti||ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/syl}}]] ||2014 ||Imported to syl.wikipedia.org|| <span style="color:green">''Created 25-02-2025''</span> |- ||Wikipedia||taj||Tamang||तामाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/taj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/taj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tao||Yami||Cizicizing No Tao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tao|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tao}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||tkl||Tokelauan||Tokelau||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tkl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tkl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tli||Tlingit||Lingít||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tox||Tobian||ramarih Hatohobei||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||trp||Kokborok||Kokborok (Tripuri)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/trp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/trp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsg||Tausug||Bahasa Sūg||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tsg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tsg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsu||Tsou||Tsou||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tsu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tsu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tts||Isan||ภาษาอีสาน||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tts|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tts}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ttt||Tati||تاتی / zuhun tati / зугьун тати||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ttt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ttt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tvl||Tuvaluan||Ngangana Tuvalu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tvl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tvl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tvx||Taivoan||Taivoan (大武壠語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tvx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tvx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tzl||Talossan||Talossan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tzl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tzl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tzm||Central Atlas Tamazight|| Tamaziɣt / ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ / أمازيغية أطلس الأوسط ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tzm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tzm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ude||Udege||Удиэ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ude|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ude}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||udi||Udi||Удин муз / udin muz||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/udi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/udi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||uzs||Southern Uzbek||اوزبیکچه||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/uzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/uzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vai||Vai||ꕙꔤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmf||East Franconian German||Ostfränkisch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmw||Makhuwa||Emakuana||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wba||Warao||Warao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wba|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wba}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wls||Fakauvea||Faka'uwea||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wls|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wls}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wym||Wymysorys||Wymysiöeryś||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wym}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xmm||Manado Malay||bahasa Manado ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xmm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xmm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xnb||Kanakanavu||Kanakanavu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xnb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xpq||Mohegan-Pequot||Mohiks||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xpq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xpq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xsy||SaiSiyat||Saisiyat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xsy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xsy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xug||[[Wp/xug]]||Kunigami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xug}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||yai||Yaghnobi||Яғнобӣ зивок/Yaghnobī zivok||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrk||Nenets||ненэцяʼ вада/ nenécja' vada||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrl||Nheengatu||nheẽgatu / nhẽẽgatu / yẽgatu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yua||Yucatec Maya||Maaya t'aan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||zai||[[Wp/zai]]||Isthmus Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zai}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zap||[[Wp/zap]]||Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zap}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zsm||[[Wp/zsm]]||||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zsm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zsm}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zyj||[[Wp/zyj]]||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zyj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wp]] ==Notes== # '''Status''' of the project. # '''Actions taken''' by the LangCom members. == See also == * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] gg8hinvlweha5e7m9anoya55t763nos 6699797 6699796 2025-07-02T09:41:09Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 /* List of Wikipedia projects (Wp/xyz) open in the Incubator */ 6699797 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikipedia projects (Wp/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 16/05/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Local name ! No. of articles ! Starting date ! Status^{[Note 1]} ! Actions taken^{[Note 2]} |- ||Wikipedia||acf||Saint Lucian Creole||Kwéyòl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acf}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||acr||Achi||Achiʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/acr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/acr}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aeb||Tunisian Arabic||تونسي / Tounsi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aeb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aeb}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aii||Suret||ܣܘܪܝܬ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aii}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||ain||Ainu||アイヌ・イタㇰ / Aynu itak||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ain}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||akv||[[Wp/akv]]||Akhvakh||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akv}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Never been active since creation. Deleted|| |- ||Wikipedia||akz||[[Wp/akz]]||Alabama||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/akz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/akz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ale||[[Wp/ale]]||Aleut||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ale|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ale}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||aln||[[Wp/aln]]||Gheg Albanian||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aln|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aln}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ams||[[Wp/ams]]||Amami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ams|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ams}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||aoc||[[Wp/aoc]]||Pemon||Arecuna||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||apc||[[Wp/apc]]||Levantine Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/apc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/apc}}]] || 2008-10 || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||arn||[[Wp/arn]]||Mapudungun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arn}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2022|| |- ||Wikipedia||aro||[[Wp/aro]]||Araona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/aro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/aro}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||arq||[[Wp/arq]]||Algerian Arabic||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/arq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/arq}}]] || || Last active 2023|| |- ||Wikipedia||ase||[[Wp/ase]]||American Sign||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ase|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ase}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2016|| |- ||Wikipedia||atv||[[Wp/atv]]||Northern Altai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/atv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/atv}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bal||[[Wp/bal]]||Balochi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bal}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bbj||[[Wp/bbj]]||Ghomala'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bbj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bbj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2013|| |- ||Wikipedia||bca||[[Wp/bca]]||Central Bai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bca}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||bcc||[[Wp/bcc]]||Southern Baluchi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bcc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bcc}}]] || || Recently active || |- ||Wikipedia||bci||[[Wp/bci]]||Baoulé||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bci}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||beu||Blagar||Tereweng||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/beu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/beu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bfq||Badaga||படக பாஷை /ಬಡಗ / ബഡഗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bfq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bfq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgc||Haryanvi||हरियाणवी / हरयाणवी / ہریاݨوی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/bgn|bgn]]||Western Baluchi||روچ کپتین بلوچی||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgx||Balkan Gagauz Turkish||Rumeli Türkçesi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bgz||Banggai||Banggai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bgz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bgz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bhh||Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)||בוכארי / Бухорӣ / Buxorī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bhh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bhh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bld||Bolango||Bulanga-Uki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bnn||Bunun||Bunun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bnn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bnn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bqi||Bakhtiari||بختیاری||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bqi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bqi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brh||Brahui|| براہوئی ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||brx||Bodo||बर' / बड़ो||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/brx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/brx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bsk||Burushaski||بروشسکی / Burū́šaskī||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bsk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bsk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||btd||Batak Dairi|| Kata Pakpak ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/btd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/btd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bto||Rinconada||Iriga Bicolano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bto|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bto}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||byv||Medumba||Mə̀dʉ̂mbɑ̀||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/byv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/byv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzd||Bribri||Talamanca||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzj||Belizean Creole||Kriol / Belize Kriol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||bzs||Brazilian Sign||Libras||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/bzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/bzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cac||Chuj|| Koti' ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cac|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cac}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cak||Kaqchikel||Kaqchikel Chʼabʼäl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chb||Chibcha||Muysccubun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||chg||Chagatai||جغتای||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/chg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/chg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cho||Choctaw|| Chahta anumpa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjs||Shor|| Шор тили / тадар тили ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cjy||Jin Chinese||晉語 / 晋语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cjy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cjy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckt||Chukchi||Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ckv||Kavalan||Kbaran||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ckv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ckv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cnr||Montenegrin||црногорски / crnogorski||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cnr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cnr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cop||Coptic||ⲘⲉⲧⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ / Μετ Ρεμενκημι||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cop|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cop}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||cps||Capiznon||Capiceٌo / Binisaya / Binisaya nga Capiznon / Bisaya||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cps|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cps}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||cpx||Pu-Xian Min||Pó-sing-gṳ̂ / 莆仙語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/cpx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/cpx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||csm||Central Sierra Miwok||Saclan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/csm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/csm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czh||Huizhou Chinese||徽語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/czh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||czo||Min Zhong||閩中語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ami|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/czo}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dar||Dargwa||дарган мез / dargan mez||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dar|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dar}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dis||Dimasa|| Grao-Dima/গ্ৰাউ-ডিমা ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dlg||Dolgan||Дулҕан ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dlg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dlg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dng||Dungan|| Dungan / Хуэйзў йүян / 回族語言 / خُوِزُو یُوِیًا / Hueizû yüyan ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dru||Rukai||Rukai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dru|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dru}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||dtp||Dusun||Boros Dusun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/dtp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/dtp}}]] || ||Imported to dtp.wikipedia.org ||<span style="color:green">Created in 2024</span> |- ||Wikipedia||enf||Enets|| Онэй база / Onei baza ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||enm||Middle English||Englisce||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enm}}]] || ||style="background-color: red;" | Deleted || |- ||Wikipedia||enx||Enxet||Enxet Sur||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/enx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/enx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ess||Siberian Yupik||''Юпик'' / Yupik|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ess|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ess}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||esu||Central Alaskan Yup'ik||Yugtun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/esu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/esu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||evn||Evenki||Эвэды̄ турэ̄н / Evedȳ turēn / Ewengki Gisong / əwəŋki gisʊŋ / {{wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠧᠸᠡᠩᠺᠢ ᠬᠢᠰᠰᠩ}} ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/evn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/evn}}]] || || |-||Wikipedia||fax||Fala||Fala||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fit||Meänkieli||meänkieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fit|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fit}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fkv||Kven||Kainun / kainu / kvääni / kväänin kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fkv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fkv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fla||Salish-Spokane-Kalispel||Séliš|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fla|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fla}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||fmp||Fe'fe'||Fe'fe'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/fmp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/fmp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frc||Cajun French||français cadien/français cadjin||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||frs||East Frisian Frisio-Saxon||Oostfreeske Taal||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/frs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/frs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gaa||Ga||Gã||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gbm||Garhwali||गढ़वाली||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gbm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gbm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gil||Gilbertese||Taetae ni kiribati||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gld||Nanai||На̄най||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gld|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gld}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||grc||Ancient Greek||Ἑλληνική ἀρχαία|| align="right" |[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/grc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/grc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||gyn||Guyanese Creole|| Creolese ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/gyn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/gyn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hil||Hiligaynon||Hiligaynon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hil|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hil}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ho||Hiri Motu||Hiri Motu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ho|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ho}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hoc||Ho||𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hoc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hoc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hrx||Riograndenser Hunsrückisch||Hunsrik||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hrx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hrx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hsn||Xiang||湘语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hsn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hsn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||hz||Herero||Otjiherero||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/hz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/hz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||icr||Islander Creole English|| Bende / San Andrés Creole ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/icr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/icr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ii||Sichuan Yi||ꆇꉙ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ii|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ii}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||isv||Interslavic||Medžuslovjansky / Меджусловјанскы||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/isv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/isv}}]] ||2024||Recently active |- ||Wikipedia||itk||Judeo-Italian||ג'יודו-איטאליאנו/giudeo-italiano||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||itl||Itelmen||Итэнмэн||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/itl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/itl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||izh||Ingrian||Ižoran keel||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/izh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/izh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jax||Jambi Malay||Baso Jambi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jax|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jax}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jct||Krymchak||Kırımçakça/Кърымчахча||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jct|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jct}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jdt||Judeo-Tat|| cuhuri / жугьури / ז׳אוּהאוּראִ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jje||Jeju||제주말||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jje|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jje}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||jut||Jutish||jysk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/jut|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/jut}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kca||Khanty||ханты ясаӈ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kca|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kca}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kdr||Karaim||къарай тили, karaj tili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kdr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kdr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kea||Cape Verdean Creole||kabuverdianu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kea|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kea}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ket||Ket||Ostyganna qa'/ Остыганна ӄаʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ket|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ket}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kfr||Kutchi||કચ્છી||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kfr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kfr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/khw|khw]]||Khowar||کھوار||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/khw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/khw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kip||Sheshi kham||शेषी पाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kip|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kip}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kiu||Kirmanjki||Zazakiyê Zımey||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kiu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kiu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjh||Khakas||Хакас тілі / тадар тілі||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjj||Khinalug|| каьтш мицI / kätš micʼ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kjp||Eastern Pwo|| ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ် ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kjp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kjp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||knc||Central Kanuri||Kànùrí||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/knc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/knc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kri||Krio||Krio||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kri|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kri}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krj||Kinaray-a||Kinaray-a||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||krl||Karelian||Karjalan kieli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/krl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/krl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ksw||S'gaw Karen||စှီၤ/ကညီကျိာ်||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ksw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ksw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ktz||Juǀ'hoan||Zhuǀʼhץa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ktz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ktz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kum||Kumyk|| къумукъ тил / qumuq til ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kum|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kum}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||kvr||Kerinci||Baso Kincai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/kvr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/kvr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lew||Kaili||Kaili||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lew}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lis||Lisu||ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||liv||Livonian||Līvõ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/liv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/liv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/lki|lki]]||Laki||لکی/laki||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lki}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2012-09''</span> | |- ||Wikipedia||lkt||Lakota||Lakȟótiyapi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lkt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lkt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lou||Louisiana Creole||Kréyòl Lalwizyann||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lou|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lou}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lua||Luba-Lulua||Tshiluba||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lus||Mizo||Mizo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lus|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lus}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||lzz||Laz||ლაზური;Lazuri||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/lzz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/lzz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mag|mag]]||[[:en:Magahi language|Magahi]]|| मगही / 𑂧𑂏𑂯𑂲 ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mag|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mag}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2022-10''</span> || style="background-color: yellow;" | Active since 2024-04 || [[:meta:Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Magahi|Waiting for final approval]] |- ||Wikipedia||mak||Makassarese||ᨅᨔ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ Basa Mangkasara'||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mak|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mak}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||[[Wp/mfa|mfa]]||Kelantan-Pattani Malay||Kecek Klate-Ttaning||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfa}}]] ||2009|| |- ||Wikipedia||mfe||Mauritian Creole||Morisyen||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mfp||Makassar Malay|| Melayu Makassar ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mfp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mfp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mh||Marshallese||Mahjet||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mhp||Balinese Malay|| Omong Kampung ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mhp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mhp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mic||Mi'kmaq||Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mic|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mic}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mnc||Manchu||{{Wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}}||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnc}}]] || 2007-03|| |- ||Wikipedia||mnp||Min Bei||Mâing-bă̤-ngṳ̌ / 閩北語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mnp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mnp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mns||Mansi||ּма̄ньси ла̄тыӈ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mns|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mns}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moe||Innu-aimun||Innu-aimun||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moe|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moe}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||moh||Mohawk||Kanien’kיha||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/moh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/moh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mos||Mooré||Mooré||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mos|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mos}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mui||Musi||Pelיmbang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mui|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mui}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvf||Inner Mongolian||монгол хэл / {{wp/mvf/MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ}} / Mongol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mvi||Miyako||ミャークフツ/宮古口||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mvi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mvi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mww||Hmong Daw||lus Hmoob / lug Moob / lol Hmongb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mww|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mww}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||mxt||Mixtec||Mixtec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/mxt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/mxt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||na||[[Wp/na]]||Nauruan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/na|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/na}}]] || 2025 ||Deleted |- ||Wikipedia||nch||Central Huasteca Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nch|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nch}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nci||Classical Nahuatl||Nāhuatlahtōlli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nci|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nci}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ncj||Northern Puebla Nahuatl|| masehual tla’tol ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ncj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ncj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ng||Ndonga||Owambo||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ng|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ng}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ngu||Guerrero Nahuatl|| nawatlajtoli ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ngu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ngu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nhn||Central Nahuatl||Nauatlajtoli||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nhn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nhn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niu||Niuean||Ko e vagahau Niuē||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||niv||Nivkh||Нивх диф||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/niv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/niv}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nod||Northern Thai||กำเมือง||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nod|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nod}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||nog||Nogai|| ногай тили / nogay tili / ногайша / nogayşa ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nog|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nog}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||non||Old Norse||Norrœnt||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/non|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/non}}]] || |- ||Wikipedia||nup||Nupe||nupe||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nup|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nup}}]] || align="center"|<span style="color:red">''2021''</span>||Imported to nup.wikipedia.org||<span style="color:green">Created 24-04-2025</span> |- ||Wikipedia||nys||Noongar||Noongar||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/nys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/nys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oaa||Orok||Уйльта||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oaa}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||oge||Old Georgian||ენაჲ ქართული||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/oge|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/oge}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osi||Osing||Using||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||osx||Old Saxon||Sahsisk||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/osx|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/osx}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ote||Otomi||Hñahñu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ote|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ote}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ovd||Elfdalian||övdalsk / övdalską||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ovd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ovd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pau||Palauan||a tekoi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pau|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pau}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pdt||Plautdietsch||Plautdietsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pdt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pdt}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pis||Solomon Islands Pijin||Pijin blo'Solomon||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pis|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pis}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pmf||Pamona||Pamona||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pox||Polabian||Wenske||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ppl||Pipil||Nawat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ppl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ppl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||prg||Prussian||Prūsiskan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/prg}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pse||Central Malay||Bengkulu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pse|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pse}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pyu||Puyuma||卑南語||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pyu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pyu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||pzh||Pazih||Pazih (巴宰語/噶哈巫語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/pzh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/pzh}}]] ||2009|| |- ||Wikipedia||qub||Huallaga Quechua||Huallaga Quechua/ Runa shimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qub|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qub}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||quc||Kʼicheʼ||Kʼicheʼ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/quc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/quc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qug||Kichwa||Kichwa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qug}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qwh||Ancash Quechua||Nunashimi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qwh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qwh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||qxq||Qashqai||Qaşqay dili /قشقایی ديلى ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/qxq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/qxq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||raj||Rajasthani||राजस्थानी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/raj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/raj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rap||Rapa Nui||'Arero rapa nui||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rap}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rbl||Miraya Bikol||Miraya Bikol||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rbl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rbl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rcf||Reunion creole||Kréol réyoné||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rcf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rcf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rej||Rejang||Hejang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rej|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rej}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rgn||Romagnol||Rumagnôl||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rgn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rgn}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rif||Tarifit||ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rif|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rif}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rjs||Rajbanshi||Rangpuri&nbsp;/&nbsp;Rajbanshi||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rjs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rjs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rki||Arakanese||ရခိုင်ဘာသာ||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wp/rki|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wp/rki}}]] ||2010||Recently active.||Approved 23-04-2025 |- ||Wikipedia||rmc||Carpathian Romani||Romaňi čhib||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rmf||Finnish Kalo||kaalengo tšimb||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rwr||Marwari||मारवाड़ी||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rwr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rwr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||rys||Yaeyama||ヤイマムニ/八重山物言||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/rys|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/rys}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ryu||Okinawan||うちなーぐち (沖縄口)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ryu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ryu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||saz||Saurashtra|| ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ ꢩꢵꢰꢵ ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/saz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/saz}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||scl||Shina||ݜݨیاٗ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/scl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/scl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdc||Sassarese||Sassaresu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdc}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sdh||Southern Kurdish||کوردی خوارگ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sdh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sdh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sei||Seri|| cmiique iitom ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sei|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sei}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ses||Koyraboro Senni|| soŋay ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ses|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ses}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sgh||Shughni||xuǧnůn ziv/хуг̌ну̊н ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sgh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sgh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shh||Shoshoni||Sosoni' da̲i̲gwape||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shh}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||shy||Shawiya||Chaouïa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/shy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/shy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sjd||Kildin Sami|| кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл / kiillt saam' kiill||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sjd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sjd}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sli||Lower Silesian||Schläsisch/ Schläs’sch / Schlä’sch / Schläsch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||slr||Salar||Salırça / 撒拉语||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/slr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/slr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sma||Southern Sami||Åarjelsaemien||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sma|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sma}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smj||Lule Sami||julevsámegiella||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sms||Skolt Sami||sääʹmǩiõll / nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sms}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||smw||Sumbawa||Semawa||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/smw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/smw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sro||Campidanese Sardinian||sardu campidanesu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sro|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sro}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||srr||Serer||Seereer||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/srr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/srr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||ssf||Thao||Thao (邵語)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ssf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ssf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sty||Siberian Tatar||ׁсыбыр тел||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sty|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sty}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||swu||Suwawa||Suwawa-Bunda||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/swu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/swu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxr||Hla’alua||Hla’alua||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxr}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||sxu||Upper Saxon||oborsexschn||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/sxu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/sxu}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||syl||Sylheti||ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/syl}}]] ||2014 ||Imported to syl.wikipedia.org|| <span style="color:green">''Created 25-02-2025''</span> |- ||Wikipedia||taj||Tamang||तामाङ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/taj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/taj}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tao||Yami||Cizicizing No Tao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tao|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tao}}]] || || | |- ||Wikipedia||tkl||Tokelauan||Tokelau||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tkl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tkl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tli||Tlingit||Lingít||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tli|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tli}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tox||Tobian||ramarih Hatohobei||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/tox|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/tox}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||trp||Kokborok||Kokborok (Tripuri)||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/trp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/trp}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||tsg||Tausug||Bahasa 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||Wikipedia||ude||Udege||Удиэ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/ude|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/ude}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||udi||Udi||Удин муз / udin muz||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/udi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/udi}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||uzs||Southern Uzbek||اوزبیکچه||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/uzs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/uzs}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vai||Vai||ꕙꔤ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmf||East Franconian German||Ostfränkisch||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmf}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||vmw||Makhuwa||Emakuana||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/vmw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/vmw}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wba||Warao||Warao||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wba|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wba}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wls||Fakauvea||Faka'uwea||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wls|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wls}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||wym||Wymysorys||Wymysiöeryś||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/wym|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/wym}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xmm||Manado Malay||bahasa Manado ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xmm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xmm}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xnb||Kanakanavu||Kanakanavu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xnb}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xpq||Mohegan-Pequot||Mohiks||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xpq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xpq}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xsy||SaiSiyat||Saisiyat||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xsy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xsy}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||xug||[[Wp/xug]]||Kunigami||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/xug|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/xug}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||yai||Yaghnobi||Яғнобӣ зивок/Yaghnobī zivok||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yai}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrk||Nenets||ненэцяʼ вада/ nenécja' vada||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrk}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yrl||Nheengatu||nheẽgatu / nhẽẽgatu / yẽgatu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yrl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yrl}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||yua||Yucatec Maya||Maaya t'aan||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/yua|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/yua}}]] || || |- ||Wikipedia||zai||[[Wp/zai]]||Isthmus Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zai}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zap||[[Wp/zap]]||Zapotec||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zap|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zap}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zsm||[[Wp/zsm]]||||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zsm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zsm}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikipedia||zyj||[[Wp/zyj]]||Youjiang Zhuang||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/Wp/zyj|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wp/zyj}}]] || ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wp]] ==Notes== # '''Status''' of the project. # '''Actions taken''' by the LangCom members. == See also == * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] a4jo09cdxif3t8umye5cdzub47yl9rj 3 3273137 6699605 5240962 2025-07-01T20:33:35Z Malarz pl 60714 Malarz pl moved page [[User talk:Pawelchwaszcz]] to [[User talk:Green Snake-Frog]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pawelchwaszcz|Pawelchwaszcz]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Green Snake-Frog|Green Snake-Frog]]" 5240962 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 12:53, 13 October 2021 (UTC) 2u6xqjjx360jy6py1fkip6xwuc4umwz 10 3310879 6699488 5383726 2025-07-01T15:48:27Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q5636063]] 6699488 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:{{{border|1px solid {{{outline|black}}}}}}; background-color: {{{1|transparent}}}; color:{{{textcolor|black}}}; font-size:{{{size|100%}}}; text-align:center;">{{#if:{{{text|}}}|<span class="legend-text">{{{text}}}</span>|&nbsp;}}</span>&nbsp;{{{2|}}}</div> <noinclude>[[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5636063}} </noinclude> 2oqrtoe24w1huzjh95yysmalsszltqm 3 3323657 6699709 5441822 2025-07-02T06:36:26Z ASid 2572815 ASid moved page [[User talk:Ucronista76]] to [[User talk:Renamed user 9f356b6df0936e1fed43beb9786e74d9]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ucronista76|Ucronista76]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 9f356b6df0936e1fed43beb9786e74d9|Renamed user 9f356b6df0936e1fed43beb9786e74d9]]" 5441822 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 00:01, 16 May 2022 (UTC) rahzuceiaywsfqt17pc70jbquzyxhpn 0 3332608 6699502 6309429 2025-07-01T15:51:13Z Mr. Snatch 2599679 Adding picture 6699502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bwr/Databox|item=Q4919200}} '''Biu Emirate''' tan masarautan a gargajiya aha biu akwa di borno, aha Nijeriya. Kabaka muvana 1920 dhana khigani ka masarautan a biu. Dana mulki akwa kulini, na kwa vir 14 ka thiya na 9 muvana 2020 ta ayyanata, tani maidalla mustapa zir Aliyu (b. 1915) tana zii mdir biu, tama tahara kutgli, akwa muvana 1959 [[File:Symbol of Biu Palace.jpg|thumb|Zara ma Biu Lasaram]] == Tarihi == Kuhir biu jikata tin ata kra Abdullahi, Dana khigani ka yamta -ra- wala ka kuma yamta na bwallaka, tani beta mulkir ni tin muvana 1535. Mwantu ka muvana 1670,akwa mulkin marii watila Tamta, anta zii dha sidhi ni mjir bura an dur na bwallaka / bura daka aƙa ka mjir kannuri mjii pla mduna sinta taasii kwa vi laka, an ta kii dii na bwallaka a biwada ant dii vii na bwallaka akwa birni ha Dlimbur, wand kulini vini ku zii vii tarihi. Mjirni da kafita daulada kir suɗa na dakwa adawa ka kirɗa nati palani aha kwogu palani kuma azuhu ka mandiragrau. Kuhir mari watirwa(r. 1793- 1838) aha kwogu ta kuzhumta abore mahara aha Gombe mwanti ka yamma. Akwa kuta muvana 1878 mari biya tan zi na farkon mduna zii kuhi aha biu. Pla kuhuni kulini takwa dini. Duku ka mulki a mallakata aha burtaniya, dhu sinta rukunin biu akwa muvana 1918.dhu yarditi ka Mai Ari Dogo ata kra matsayin kuhir biu nabeta akwa muvana 1920. Bwani khuzi dasinini ka taraiyar ni tin akwa muvana 1957,saka tinda gundumatini sindu ka Askira mwantu ka masarautan. Masarauta biu ta pakta hukuma na rakka rakka suɗa, Hawul, ka kwaya kusar ka bayo. Masarautan biu tazii tan bakta mduna zii mataimakin gwamna di borno, nana wakiltu kudanxin bwaɗa. Mwantu ka kulini, masarautan biu zii pal akwa kuta makir aha borno , budukuni Masarauta Borno ne ka ah Dikwa. Akwa thiya na makir muvana 2010 gwamnatin borno Ali madu shariff ta dikii Masarauta na Dikwa ta mayartini bilinir masarautan Bama ka dikwa. Apani kuzii sur gari ka mjir Hawul, ka kwaya kusar ka Bayo dan dama ka wutu sarkiyare tramta duku ti gwamna pla mi bukatar pani ku wutuzi". == Kudo yard == mdur biu, tama Kuthli, su ne:<ref name=wstates/> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:6em;"|Start !!style="width:6em;"| End !! Ruler !!| Notes |- | align=center|c. 1535 || align=center|1580 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Yamta-ra-Wala<ref name="Stewart">{{Wp/bwr/Cite book|title=African States and Rulers|last=Stewart|first=John|publisher=McFarland|year=1989|isbn=0-89950-390-X|location=London|page=33}}</ref> || |- | align=center|1580 || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Mari Vira Hyel<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Dira Wala<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Yamta Amba<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|c. 1670 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Yamta Kupaya Wadi<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|c. 1670 || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Mari Watila<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Yamta ra Bangye<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Mari Luku<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Jakwa Birtitik<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Thlama Bahara<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|? ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Tayar Warinki<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|? || align=center|c. 1740 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Dakwai<ref name="Stewart"/> || |- | align=center|c. 1740 || align=center|c. 1750 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Mari Kopchi ||aka Mari Kwabchi |- | align=center|c. 1750 || align=center|c. 1760 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Di Forma dan Mari Kopchi||son of Mari Kopchi |- | align=center|c. 1760 || align=center|c. 1770 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Garga Moda dan Mari Kopchi||brother of Di Forma |- | align=center|c. 1770 || align=center|c. 1780 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Dawi Moda (Di Moda dan Di Forma)||son of Di Forma |- | align=center|c. 1780 || align=center|c. 1783<ref name="Stewart"/> ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Di Biya dan Di Moda||son of Dawi Moda |- | align=center|c. 1783<ref name="Stewart"/> || align=center|1783 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Di Rawa dan Di Biya||son of Di Biya |- | align=center|1783 || align=center|1793 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Garga Kopchi dan Di Biya (d. 1793)||brother of Di Rawa |- | align=center|1793 || align=center|1838 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Mari Watirwa dan Di Rawa (d. 1838)||son of Di Rawa |- | align=center|1838 || align=center|1873 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Ari Paskur dan Mari Watirwa (d. 1873)||son of Mari Watirwa |- | align=center|1873 || align=center|1891 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Mari Biya dan Ari Paskur (d. 1891)||son of Ari Paskur |- | align=center|1891 || align=center|1908 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Garga Kwomting dan Mari Biya (d. 1908)||son of Mari Biya |- | align=center|1908 || align=center|1920 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Ari I Dogo dan Garga Kwomting (b. 1876 - d. 1935)||son of Garga Kwomting |} Emirs were:<ref name=wstates/> {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right;" |- !style="width:10em;"|Start !!style="width:10em;"| End !! Ruler !!| Notes |- | align=center|1920 || align=center|1935 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Ari I Dogo dan Garga Kwomting (see above) |- | align=center|1935 || align=center|1951 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Ari II Gurgur dan Garga Kwomting (d. 1951)||brother of Ari I |- | align=center|1951 || align=center|1959 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Muhammad `Aliyu dan Ari Dogo (b. 1907)||son of Ari I |- | align=center|1959 || align=center|1989 ||style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"| Maidalla Mustafa dan Muhammad Aliyu (b. 1915)||son of Muhammad `Aliyu<br>District Head of Kwaya territory before his accession |- | align=center|June 1989 || align=center|14 September 2020 | style="text-align:left;padding-left:1em;" | Mai Umar Mustapha Aliyu || son of Maidalla Mustafa |- |align=center|21 September 2020 |align=center|Incumbent |Maidala Mustapha Umar Aliyu '''II''' <ref>{{Wp/bwr/Cite web|title=Governor Zulum Appoints New Emir of Biu, Mustapha Umar Maidala|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/292059/governor-zulum-appoints-new-emir-of-biu-mustapha-umar-maida.html|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> |Son of Mai Umar Mustapha Aliyu |} == masarauta na rakka rakka ha biu == Masarauta fwar an mamayeti biu * [[Wp/bwr/Biu, Nigeria|Biu]] * [[Wp/bwr/Bayo, Nigeria|Bayo]] * [[Wp/bwr/Hawul|Hawul]] * [[Wp/bwr/Kwaya Kusar|Kwaya Kusar]]<ref>{{Wp/bwr/Cite book | edition = Millennium | publisher = Federal Ministry of Information | isbn = 9780104089 | volume = 2, State Surveys | last = Nigeria | title = Nigeria: a people united, a future assured | location = Abuja, Nigeria | date = 2000 | page = 106 }}</ref> == mjii nana hara nazari == [[Category:Wp/bwr]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4919200}} 9sxpipruo5wzagwymvirh7fmudvu038 0 3340866 6699697 5668251 2025-07-02T05:46:16Z CommonsDelinker 992 Removing "Lausikula_church,_Wallis_island,_Wallis_and_Futuna_(drone_view).png", it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:ChemSim|ChemSim]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Lausikula church, Wallis island, Wallis and Futuna (drone 6699697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Assemblage de peignes de feuilles de pandanus, Vaisei, Futuna, 2017.jpg|thumb|Fale i Vaisei, Futuna]] Ko te '''fa'u fale''' ko he gaue fakatufuga o te teuteu'i mo te fakatu'u o he 'api, pilo, ekelesia pe fale gaue. Ko he gaue e ako i te fale ako ma'oluga lolotoga ta'u e fualoa pea ma'u ai leva mo te pepa ako. I [[Wp/wls/'Uvea mo Futuna|'Uvea mo Futuna]], e kei fakahoko te fa'u fale e te kau matu'a tufuga. Ko he faiva a nātou ne'e ma'u mai te kui talu mai mu'a. [[Category:Wp/wls]] [[Category:Wp/wls/Faiva]] {{INTERWIKI|Q12271}} is5ba0igi9i35ylwncinc404sorcajk 0 3341960 6699469 6509219 2025-07-01T15:30:18Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wn/syl/Notice|'''1.07.2025'''. There are already '''500''' pages in Sylheti Wikinews!!!}} {{Wn/syl/Main Page Test}} [[Category:Wn/syl]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} bklij3ck1lq03pc622jglas7t83qlqh 0 3456336 6699766 6535624 2025-07-02T08:53:35Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wq/syl/Translation status|1}} {{Wq/syl/Translators uk-syl}} '''Holodomor''' ({{Wq/syl/Lang-uk|Голодомор}}) — was a famine in 1932–1933 in the territory of the Ukrainian SSR ꠨ which was part of a famine deliberately caused by the state authorities of the Soviet Union in the southern part of the USSR ꠨ during which at least 3 million people died <ref>В ⁕&nbsp;І ⁕&nbsp;Марочко ⁕ [http://www ⁕history ⁕org ⁕ua/?termin=Golodomor_1932_1933 ГОЛОДОМОР 1932–1933 РОКІВ В УСРР] [Електронний ресурс] // Енциклопедія історії України: Т ⁕ 2: Г-Д / Редкол ⁕: В ⁕&nbsp;А ⁕&nbsp;Смолій (голова) та ін ⁕ НАН України ⁕ Інститут історії України ⁕&nbsp;— К ⁕: В-во «Наукова думка» ꠨ 2004 ⁕&nbsp;— 688 с ⁕: іл ⁕</ref> ⁕ == ꠒꠣꠇꠞ ꠇꠕꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠛꠄꠀꠘꠣꠁꠘ == {{Wq/syl/Cquote | Великий Голод був найбільшою катастрофою ꠨ яку Україна пережила — як щодо кількості жертв ꠨ так і щодо людських страждань<ref name="memory ⁕gov"></ref> ⁕ | Коментар = | Оригінал = | Автор = [[Wq/syl/Рудницька Мілена|Мілена Рудницька]]}} {{Wq/syl/Cquote |Що сьогодні є рядовий знімок ꠨ те завтра буде [[Wq/syl/Історія|історією]]<ref name="memory ⁕gov"></ref> ⁕ | Коментар = | Оригінал = | Автор = [[Wq/syl/Марко Желізняк|Марко Желізняк]]}} == ꠟꠇ == {{Wq/syl/ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠙꠤꠒꠤꠀ}} [[Category:Wq/syl]] [[Category:Wq/syl/ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘꠤ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q165058}} mt5748tlscgmvqxwv92mt72acbocimp 0 3456601 6699827 6535545 2025-07-02T11:56:28Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wq/syl/Translation status|1}} {{Wq/syl/Translators en-syl}} '''ꠜꠟꠖꠤꠝꠤꠞ ꠁꠜꠣꠘ ꠜꠣꠍꠤꠟꠇꠜꠤꠍ''' ({{Wq/syl/Lang-uk|Володимир-Іван Василькович}}; after 1247 — 1288) was great prince of Volodymyr and Berestia (now Brest, Belarus) (1269—1288). He was a member of the Romanovych dynasty. Great prince Volodymyr is known as a translator from the Greek language, a patron and a church builder. He was canonized as a saint in Orthodox Church of Ukraine. ==ꠔꠣꠘꠞꠦ ꠟꠂꠀ== {{Wq/syl/Cquote|The young prince, obviously, had no heart for military affairs. Therefore, he sought to avoid wars, while paying great attention to diplomacy. Volodymyr Vasylkovich preferred to focus on domestic affairs. Although, of course, he had to participate in important military campaigns. |author=Petro Kraliuk<ref>КНЯЗЬ-ФІЛОСОФ Володимир Василькович, правитель Волині (Volodymyr Vasyliovych, great prince and philosopher). https://eprints.oa.edu.ua/3683/1/Kralyuk.pdf</ref>}} ==ꠟꠤꠋꠇꠣꠁꠘ== [[Category:Wq/syl]] {{INTERWIKI|Q68577}} 7rd1b7fnvyjb4lt5slrvr9i7mlo8alb 0 3456934 6699762 6560749 2025-07-02T08:50:31Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wq/syl/Translation status|1}} {{Wq/syl/Translators uk-syl}} '''ꠘꠦꠙꠧꠟꠤꠎꠘ ꠛꠧꠘꠣꠙꠣꠞ꠆ꠐ ꠛꠣ ꠘꠣꠙꠧꠟꠦꠅꠋ ꠛꠧꠘꠣꠙꠣꠞ꠆ꠔ''' ([[Wq/syl/ꠚꠞꠣꠡꠤ|ꠚꠞꠣꠡꠤ]]: Napoléon Bonaparte; ) was a [[Wq/syl/France|French]] military general who rose up the ranks of the French Army during the [[Wq/syl/French Revolution|French Revolution]], becoming the ruler of [[Wq/syl/France|France]] as First Consul of the French Republic, and then Emperor of the French under the name '''Napoleon I'''. He died in exile on the island of [[w:Saint Helena|Saint Helena]]. ==ꠔꠣꠘꠞꠦ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠝꠣꠔ== * {{Wq/syl/Cquote|Щойно він розпочинав кампанію, відразу показував себе таким, яким він був - вищим розумом, який вникає в ситуації з першого погляду та домінує над ними. Він мав військовий геній та політичний дар. Італію він розумів в її різноманітті, що чинило йому нові проблеми разом із перемогами. Він бентежив ворога мистецтвом бою, настільки ж сміливим і новим, як і його мистецтво ведення переговорів. Це завоювання цілої країни зі жменькою людей є апогеєм інтелекту. Тому, ледве розуміючи, як це все робиться, його сучасники бачили в цьому щось «надприродне».<ref>''Мовою оригіналу: Dès son entrée en campagne, il se montre tel qu'il est, un esprit supérieur qui saisit d'un coup d’œil les situations et qui les domine. Il a le génie militaire et le don de la politique. L'Italie, il la comprend dans sa diversité qui lui présentera un nouveau problème à chacune de ses victoires. L'ennemi, il le déconcerte par un art de combattre aussi audacieux et nouveau que son art de négocier est subtil. Cette conquête de tout un pays avec une poignée d'homme est un chef-d'œuvre de l'intelligence. C'est pourquoi, comprenant à peine comment tout cela se faisait, les contemporains y ont vu quelque chose de «surnaturel».''</ref> |Коментар =[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bainville Жак Бенвіль], [https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20110313 Наполеон] (1931). |Автор = }} * {{Wq/syl/Cquote|Napoleon is much more Italian than French; Italian by race, instinct, imagination, and memory. He contemplates the future of Italy in his plans, and when we sum up the final accounts of his reign, we find that Italy has been left in a net profit, and France in a loss. Since Theodoric and the Lombard kings, the Pope, while retaining his temporal sovereignty and spiritual omnipotence, has supported the division of Italy; let this obstacle be removed, and the Italians will again become a nation. Napoleon prepares the way in advance and follows it, depriving the Pope of his sovereignty and limiting his spiritual omnipotence, reducing him to the position of managing director of the Catholic conscience and chief minister of the principal cult authorized in the empire.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/jstor-25102177/25102177_djvu.txt Napoleon's Views of Religion]</ref> |Коментар =[https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD Іпполіт Тен], . |Автор = }} ==ꠟꠇ== [[Category:Wq/syl]] {{INTERWIKI|Q517}} cx9hxa7ckd9iodnn23i8gto1i6gn9pb 6699764 6699762 2025-07-02T08:50:55Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wq/syl/Translation status|1}} {{Wq/syl/Translators uk-syl}} '''ꠘꠦꠙꠧꠟꠤꠎꠘ ꠛꠧꠘꠣꠙꠣꠞ꠆ꠐ ꠛꠣ ꠘꠣꠙꠧꠟꠦꠅꠋ ꠛꠧꠘꠣꠙꠣꠞ꠆ꠔ''' ([[Wq/syl/ꠚꠞꠣꠡꠤ|ꠚꠞꠣꠡꠤ]]: Napoléon Bonaparte; 1769-1821) was a [[Wq/syl/France|French]] military general who rose up the ranks of the French Army during the [[Wq/syl/French Revolution|French Revolution]], becoming the ruler of [[Wq/syl/France|France]] as First Consul of the French Republic, and then Emperor of the French under the name '''Napoleon I'''. He died in exile on the island of [[w:Saint Helena|Saint Helena]]. ==ꠔꠣꠘꠞꠦ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠝꠣꠔ== * {{Wq/syl/Cquote|Щойно він розпочинав кампанію, відразу показував себе таким, яким він був - вищим розумом, який вникає в ситуації з першого погляду та домінує над ними. Він мав військовий геній та політичний дар. Італію він розумів в її різноманітті, що чинило йому нові проблеми разом із перемогами. Він бентежив ворога мистецтвом бою, настільки ж сміливим і новим, як і його мистецтво ведення переговорів. Це завоювання цілої країни зі жменькою людей є апогеєм інтелекту. Тому, ледве розуміючи, як це все робиться, його сучасники бачили в цьому щось «надприродне».<ref>''Мовою оригіналу: Dès son entrée en campagne, il se montre tel qu'il est, un esprit supérieur qui saisit d'un coup d’œil les situations et qui les domine. Il a le génie militaire et le don de la politique. L'Italie, il la comprend dans sa diversité qui lui présentera un nouveau problème à chacune de ses victoires. L'ennemi, il le déconcerte par un art de combattre aussi audacieux et nouveau que son art de négocier est subtil. Cette conquête de tout un pays avec une poignée d'homme est un chef-d'œuvre de l'intelligence. C'est pourquoi, comprenant à peine comment tout cela se faisait, les contemporains y ont vu quelque chose de «surnaturel».''</ref> |Коментар =[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bainville Жак Бенвіль], [https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20110313 Наполеон] (1931). |Автор = }} * {{Wq/syl/Cquote|Napoleon is much more Italian than French; Italian by race, instinct, imagination, and memory. He contemplates the future of Italy in his plans, and when we sum up the final accounts of his reign, we find that Italy has been left in a net profit, and France in a loss. Since Theodoric and the Lombard kings, the Pope, while retaining his temporal sovereignty and spiritual omnipotence, has supported the division of Italy; let this obstacle be removed, and the Italians will again become a nation. Napoleon prepares the way in advance and follows it, depriving the Pope of his sovereignty and limiting his spiritual omnipotence, reducing him to the position of managing director of the Catholic conscience and chief minister of the principal cult authorized in the empire.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/jstor-25102177/25102177_djvu.txt Napoleon's Views of Religion]</ref> |Коментар =[https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD Іпполіт Тен], . |Автор = }} ==ꠟꠇ== [[Category:Wq/syl]] {{INTERWIKI|Q517}} ci1wuhu5amxp39nnoxajx46n2p55vyv 0 3464054 6699592 6181845 2025-07-01T19:45:20Z Baap8969 2607556 6699592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/efi]] '''Sierra Leone''' edi idụt kiet ke Edem Usoputịn Africa. Ibuot obio esie edi Freetown. Akpan usem edi Ikọdbmakara. Sierra Leone edi idụt ke nsọn usọn itie Africa, kiet ke ekẹbem ifụre usuu ke ererimbot, ofụri, akpan ufọk, ukara, ndien ndutịm uforo. Ke 1991 esịn 2000, Sierra Leone ama ererimbot nệtệệ Civil War. Ekọn̄ emi ama ọkọk usọn idụt oro, eneñede kiet mme ufụk ndisụk ukara, mme nsọn usuu urua. \== Usem Obio == Sierra Leone edi idụt Muslim oro. Mkpọnnọnkan ikpọ obio ke Sierra Leone edi: * Bo (269,000) * Kenema (158,496) * Koidu Town (111,800) * Makeni (105,900) \== Mbụk Eyouwem == Ke 1672, Royal African Company akabade ke Sierra Leone ke ufụn ererimbot ndisu America ye Europe. Bunce Island edi akpan akpan etop isua ẹfọn̄de ekpere ke idụt emi. \== Geography == Guinea odu ke edem edere, Liberia ke usụk, Atlantic Ocean ke usoputịn. Obot Bintumani edi ndề usọn emi (1,948m). Usen emi mịde nte: * May – November (ndaeyo, esidep) * December – April (dry season, etieti) \== Nọkpri == Sierra Leone akpa edem kiet ke Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province, Western Area. Mkpọnnọnkan 14 district ye 149 chiefdoms edi. \== Ubo Ukpep (Education) == Ufụkñwed ke Sierra Leone edi ikot ndisi. Owo 1,270 ke kpukpru ufụkñwed. Ntaifiok Finah Bay College, Njala University etc. edi akpan ufụkñwed. \== Udia == Udia Sierra Leone edi akpan akpan: cassava, yam, potato, fish, spices. Akpan fruits nte mango, pineapple, etc. Poyo (palm wine) edi efoñ usuu. \== Efak (Sports) == Football edi efakutom ndise Sierra Leone. Itie Ubon ńkponnńkan Sierra Leone edi nte national team. Famous players: Mahamad Kallon, Mohamed Bangura, etc. \[\[Category\:Wp/efi]] ilnj61h5bc02uyv2lksbl2qv0k3ig9j 6699593 6699592 2025-07-01T19:45:57Z Baap8969 2607556 6699593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sierra Leone''' edi idụt kiet ke Edem Usoputịn Africa. Ibuot obio esie edi [[Wp/efi/Freetown|Freetown]]. Akpan usem edi Ikọmbakara. Sierra Leone edi idụt ke nsọn usọn itie Africa, kiet ke ekẹbem ifụre usuu ke ererimbot, ofụri, akpan ufọk, ukara, ndien ndutịm uforo. Ke 1991 esịn 2000, Sierra Leone ama ererimbot nẹtẹẹ Civil War. Ekọn̄ emi ama ọkọ usọn idụt oro, enen̄ede kiet mme ufụk ndisụk ukara, mme nsọn usuu urua. == Usem Obio == Sierra Leone edi idụt Muslim oro. Mkpọnn̄kan ikpọ obio ke Sierra Leone edi: * '''Bo''' – 269,000 * '''Kenema''' – 158,496 * '''Koidu Town''' – 111,800 * '''Makeni''' – 105,900 == Mbụk Eyouwem == Ke 1672, Royal African Company akabade ke Sierra Leone ke ufụn ererimbot ndisu America ye Europe. '''Bunce Island''' edi akpan akpan etop isua ẹfọn̄de ekpere ke idụt emi. == Geography == Sierra Leone odu ke: * '''North''': [[Wp/efi/Guinea|Guinea]] * '''South-East''': [[Wp/efi/Liberia|Liberia]] * '''West''': [[Wp/efi/Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] '''Obot Bintumani''' edi ndẹ usọn emi (1,948m). '''Usen emi mịde''': * May – November: Ndaeyo (wet season) * December – April: Dry season (etieti) == N̄kpri == Sierra Leone akpa edem kiet ke: * Northern Province * Southern Province * Eastern Province * Western Area Eka district 14 ke iso ndibahade, mme 149 chiefdoms edi. == Ubo Ukpep (Education) == Ufọkn̄wed ke Sierra Leone edi ikọt ndisi. Owo 1,270 ke kpukpru ufọkn̄wed. Akpan ufọkn̄wed edi: * Finah Bay College * Njala University == Udia == Udia Sierra Leone edi: * Cassava * Yam * Potato * Fish * Spices * Mango * Pineapple * Palm wine (Poyo) == Efak (Sports) == '''Football''' edi efakutom ndise Sierra Leone. Itie Ubon Ńkponn̄kan Sierra Leone edi national team. Famous players: * Mahamad Kallon * Mohamed Bangura * Rodney Strasser * Ibrahim Bangura * Alhassan Kamara [[Category:Wp/efi]] roqvte32m83ppex241cmxjb4tvveuhb 0 3465391 6699708 6535765 2025-07-02T06:35:43Z 2409:4040:D4E:4AD1:0:0:C9CB:E307 6699708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''ৰ় / ৰ / র''''' [[File:Asamiya_R%C3%B4_-_in_combination_with_vowels.svg|thumb|অসমীয়া ৰ]] [[image:Bengali_Letter_Ra.svg|thumb|বাংলা ৰ]] {| style="border:none; text-align: center; font-size:30px; " | colspan="2"|[[Wp/rkt/ৰ়|ৰ়]] | |} ==স্বৰবৰ্ণৰ লগত যোগ হ'লে== {| class="wikitable" |- !স্বৰবৰ্ণ!!'ৰ'ৰ লগত যোগ হৈলে |- |[[Wp/rkt/অ|অ]]||ৰ |- | [[Wp/rkt/আ|আ]] ||ৰা |- |[[Wp/rkt/ই|ই]]||ৰি |- |[[Wp/rkt/ঈ|ঈ]]||ৰী |- |[[Wp/rkt/উ|উ]]||ৰু |- |[[Wp/rkt/ঊ|ঊ]]||ৰূ |- |[[Wp/rkt/ঋ|ঋ]]||ৰৃ |- |[[Wp/rkt/এ|এ]]||ৰে |- |[[Wp/rkt/ঐ|ঐ]]||ৰৈ |- |[[Wp/rkt/ও|ও]]||ৰো |- |[[Wp/rkt/ঔ|ঔ]]||ৰৌ |} ==যুক্তবৰ্ণ (ৰ যোগ)== 'ৰ'ৰ লগত অন্য বৰ্ণ যুক্ত হৈলে 'ৰ' লুপ্ত হয়া পাছেৰ বৰ্ণটাৰ উপৰত ৰেফ ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন - <br/> ৰ্ + ক = ৰ্ক = তৰ্ক<br/> ৰ্ + খ = ৰ্খ = মূৰ্খ<br/> ৰ্ + গ = ৰ্গ = স্বৰ্গ =='ৰ'দিয়া আৰম্ভ শব্দ== * [[Wp/rkt/ৰবিবাৰ|ৰবিবাৰ]] * [[Wp/rkt/ৰৌ মাছ|ৰৌ মাছ]] * [[Wp/rkt/ৰথ|ৰথ]] * [[Wp/rkt/ৰং|ৰং]] * [[Wp/rkt/ৰাজা|ৰাজা]] * ৰাজন * ৰঞ্জন * ৰোমান্টিক * [[Wp/rkt/ৰাজ্য|ৰাজ্য]] * ৰঞ্জিত * ৰক্তিম * ৰক্ষা * ৰণাঙ্গন * ৰৌদ * ৰক্তচাপ * [[Wp/rkt/ৰুটি|ৰুটি]] * [[Wp/rkt/ৰাণী|ৰাণী]] ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[[Wp/rkt/কামতাপুৰী বৰ্ণমালা|কামতাপুৰী বৰ্ণমালা]] {{INTERWIKI|Q19294219}} [[Category:Wp/rkt]] ezfqkw4mr0mzklg2dapnmb7mp6u6s8k 0 3469022 6699581 6329043 2025-07-01T19:33:39Z Baap8969 2607556 6699581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''इमामगञ्ज''' [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] के [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]] राज्ज के [[Wp/mag/गया मण्डल|गया मण्डल]] मे स्थित एगो नगर हवे। ई नगर प्रशासनिक, भौगोलिक आ सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिकोण से महत्व रखेला। इमामगंज नेपाल सीमा के नजदीक बा आ ई इलाका जंगल आ पहाड़ी इलाका से घेरल बा। ई नगर में स्थानीय बाजार, स्कूल, अस्पताल आ सार्वजनिक सेवा के सुविधा उपलब्ध बा। इहंवा के अधिकतर आबादी कृषि आ छोट-मोट व्यवसाय से जुड़ल बा। == भौगोलिक स्थिति == इमामगंज [[Wp/mag/झारखंड|झारखंड]] के सीमा से भी सटल बा, जे एकरा रणनीतिक रूप से अउरी महत्वपूर्ण बनावेला। ई नगर [[Wp/mag/गया|गया]] शहर से लगभग 70 किलोमीटर दूर पश्चिम दिशा में स्थित बा। == इतिहास == इमामगंज इलाका इतिहासिक रूप से भी जानल जाला। आज़ादी के समय एह इलाका में बहुत बड़हन गतिविधि भईल रहल। कुछ स्रोत अनुसार, स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के समय इहंवा के लोग भी सक्रिय रहल। == जनसंख्या == सन् 2011 के जनगणना अनुसार, इमामगंज के कुल जनसंख्या लगभग 15,000 रहल। इहंवा मुख्य रूप से [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]], [[Wp/mag/मगही|मगही]] आ [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] भाषा बोलल जाला। == सम्बन्धित लेख == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार बिहार के नगर के सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार बिहार के नगर के सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारत के नगर के सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारत के नगर के सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/गया मण्डल|गया मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/बिहार के जिला|बिहार के जिला]] * [[Wp/mag/भारत के नगर|भारत के नगर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == श्रेणी == [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गया मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बिहार के नगर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारत के नगर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बिहार]] {{INTERWIKI|Q18125890}} b9wtpp8uxccnenen6awfaee4u1flplg 0 3477638 6699389 6476183 2025-07-01T12:43:07Z Pitchrigi 2589311 6699389 wikitext text/x-wiki == Basa Betawi == === Pelapalan === [agustus] === Ragem kata === # [[Wt/bew/bulan delapan|bulan delapan]] # [[Wt/bew/bulan lapan|bulan lapan]] # [[Wt/bew/Pè'gwé|Pè'gwé]] === Rungkun kata === # kata peada === Pengèjaan === A-gus-tus === Ma'na kata === # Bulan kedelapan di almenak Belanda. === Tulad kalimat === # Bulan Agustus tanggal 17 entu ari merdèka Indonésia. # Bulan Agustus entu gua punya bulan lair. # Nujum singa èn perawan entu di bulan Agustus. =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} Agustus [[Category:Wt/bew]] jy94s1w7wgr8ux6eo8hq7lmau3zxv7t 0 3478721 6699765 6544768 2025-07-02T08:52:12Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wq/syl/Translation status|1}} {{Wq/syl/Translators uk-syl}} '''Vasyl Vasyliovych Ovsiyenko''' (1949—2023) was a Ukrainian public figure, self-publisher, political prisoner of Soviet concentration camps, philosopher, publicist, historian of the dissident movement. [[File:Vasyl Ovsiyenko.jpg|thumb|200px|Vasyl Ovsiyenko in 2009.]] == ꠒꠣꠇ == * {{Wq/syl/Cquote | I have known Vasyl Ovsienko since 1968, when I entered Taras Shevchenko University, and Vasyl was a senior. He literally ran to the reading room. And did not leave it when everyone was having fun. Vasyl taught us a lot, for example, when Taras Shevchenko's "Testament" is sung from the stage , everyone should stand up. For us, village boys and girls, this was new. And then, after returning from exile, Vasyl published the first book "The Light of People".<ref name="vech">[https://vechirniy.kyiv.ua/news/85818/ "Titans are leaving": Kyiv bids farewell to dissident Vasyl Ovsienko from the 1960s] ''Вечірній Київ'', 21 липня 2023</ref> | comment = | original = | author = [[Wq/syl/Vasyl Shkliar|Vasyl Shkliar]]}} * {{Wq/syl/Cquote |Thanks to him, the people of [[Wq/syl/ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘ|Ukraine]] know a lot about the human rights movement. It was a heroic, outstanding movement. I remember the British magazine "Index" wrote that 45% of dissidents and human rights activists were [[Wq/syl/Ukrainians|Ukrainians]]. So the contribution of this movement to gaining Independence and establishing statehood is enormous. Independence and statehood were not given to Ukraine by anyone - they were won with a lot of blood and price. Including the exploits of such modest and very strong people as Vasyl.<ref name="vech>| comment = | original = | author = [[Wq/syl/ꠝꠥꠍ꠆ꠔꠚꠣ ꠎꠦꠝꠤꠟꠦꠜ|ꠝꠥꠍ꠆ꠔꠚꠣ ꠎꠦꠝꠤꠟꠦꠜ]]}} == ꠟꠇ == <references/> [[Category:Wq/syl]] {{INTERWIKI|Q12135099}} hpw5qcxrphnhi0zara24j4yawh83ml0 0 3491681 6699518 6282137 2025-07-01T16:28:09Z Tiru D Zendrato 2592794 spelling 6699518 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sate padang Mak Sharil Yogyakarta.jpg|thumb|''Sate Padang Mak Sharil'' Yogyakarta|250px]] Sate Padang andre sambua lala wondrino gö moroi ba Padang ma tola lamane khas Sumatera Barat si no la'ila i'otarai meföna. Heŵa'ae moroi ba Sumatera Barat gö da'a, ba no tehöngö ba mbanua bö'ö misa tenga ha ba danö Padang arakhagö fefu ba danö ba zi sagörö, ba hiza dozi banua göi oi so lala wondrino simane sate, ha fabö'ö ba lala wondrino faoma faramasa ni'oguna'ö. Lala wondrino : == Resep Sate Padang tobönö ö zi dalima femanga / 5 porsi == *Lela zaŵi/Lidah sapi 100 gram *Tödö zaŵi/Jantung sapi 100 gram *Nagole zaŵi 100 gram *Betu'a zaŵi 100 gram *Limpa sapi 100 gram *Hamo mböra 50 gram *Idanö 1 liter *Baŵa nigore 50 gram (ni fazaewe dania yaŵa ba dete sate nano asoso) ==Bumbu Halus== *1 sdm ketumbar *1 sdt merica halus *4 sdm baŵa soyo si no la khökhö/tenga nigili *2 sdm baŵa safusi si no la khökhö/tenga nigili *1 sdm lada soyo ni khökhö/tenga nigili *1 sdm lada limi ni khökhö/tenga nigili *1/2 sdt jintan *1/2 sdt adas *1 sdt undre ni khökhö/tenga nigili *1 sdm asio *1 sdt lahia ni khökhö/tenga nigili == Onönöta Bumbu == *1 ma sagörö mbulu gundre *3 ma tölu nga'örö mbulu ndrima *1 ma sara zarilahia nititi *1 ma sambua lakue nititi == Lala wondrino == #Rino ba nidanö saukhu lela, tödö, nagole, limpa, faoma betu'a zaŵi faoma fefu faramasa irege ombuyu. Na no ombuyu, bu'a ba ha mangele nidanönia. #Khökhö nagole nomege faoma tanöbö'ö molo'ö ha wa ebua zomasi'ö. Fa'oli ia ba likhe si no öhenagö. #Fuli ukhugö nidanö nagole no mege. Ha lö ma to 100 mililiter nidanönia ba wofaruka hamo mböra. Duwagö khönia bakha hamo da'ö irege ombuyu. #Börötaigö sa'ae öfohola nakho faoma faga-faga si lö alio falemba hadia ia khönia. Faga sate irugi oköli ma'ifu. Na no asoso, ba tola öföfögö. #Tola sa'ae öfaehagö göda sate, ba hawui ma'ifu khönia kua, faoma fazaewe khönia baŵa si no lafakoe. == Khai-khai baero == #[https://www.kompas.com/food/read/2021/03/28/200200675/resep-sate-padang-daging-dan-jeroan-sapi-pakai-pemanggang-antilengket Resep Sate Padang Daging dan Jeroan Sapi,] #[https://www.indonesia.travel/id/id/ide-liburan/fakta-menarik-di-balik-nikmatnya-sate-padang Fakta Menarik Sate padang] == Famotokhi ba gahe == {{Wb/nia/Fanolo}} [[Category:Wb/nia]] [[Category:Wb/nia/Fondrino]] hcwac2tsjm3hn9qpq8z8kozhkdd8fds 0 3494543 6699583 6291571 2025-07-01T19:37:15Z Baap8969 2607556 6699583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''जामनगर मण्डल''' (जामनगर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-gu|જામનગર જિલ્લો}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] के [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]] राज्ज के एगो प्रशासनिक मण्डल हवे। एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/जामनगर|जामनगर]] शहर में स्थित बा। ई मण्डल प्रशासन, विकास आ सांख्यिकीय कारण से गुजरात राज्ज में खास महत्व रखेला। ई मण्डल में अनेकों ब्लॉक, तहसील आ गाम सामिल बा, जे एकरा के प्रशासनिक दृष्टि से मजबूत बनावेला। == भूगोल == जामनगर मण्डल गुजरात के पश्चिमी हिस्सा में स्थित बा आ एकर समुद्री किनारा अरब सागर से सटल बा। एह मण्डल में कई औद्योगिक क्षेत्र, विशेष रूप से पेट्रोलियम आ केमिकल प्लांट बा, जे गुजरात के आर्थिक विकास में योगदान दे रहल बा। == जनसंख्या और भाषा == एह मण्डल में प्रमुख रूप से [[Wp/mag/गुजराती भाषा|गुजराती]], [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी]], आ [[Wp/mag/उर्दू]] भाषा बोलल जाला। जनसंख्या के दृष्टि से ई मण्डल मध्यम से बड़ा स्तर पर आवेला। == इतिहास == जामनगर मण्डल के इतिहास जामनगर रियासत से जुड़ल बा, जे ब्रिटिश भारत के समय एगो स्वतंत्र रियासत रहल। आजादी के बाद ई मण्डल गुजरात राज्ज के हिस्सा बन गइल। == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल|गुजरात के मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/जामनगर|जामनगर]] * [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]] * [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == साँचा == {{Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल}} == श्रेणी == [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जामनगर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जामनगर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारत के मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गुजरात]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2982118}} 5al3216iuk4u5tsfrn9l89hssmjk8ns 6699584 6699583 2025-07-01T19:37:39Z Baap8969 2607556 6699584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''जामनगर मण्डल''' (जामनगर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-gu|જામનગર જિલ્લો}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] के [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]] राज्ज के एगो प्रशासनिक मण्डल हवे। एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/जामनगर|जामनगर]] शहर में स्थित बा। ई मण्डल प्रशासन, विकास आ सांख्यिकीय कारण से गुजरात राज्ज में खास महत्व रखेला। ई मण्डल में अनेकों ब्लॉक, तहसील आ गाम सामिल बा, जे एकरा के प्रशासनिक दृष्टि से मजबूत बनावेला। == भूगोल == जामनगर मण्डल गुजरात के पश्चिमी हिस्सा में स्थित बा आ एकर समुद्री किनारा अरब सागर से सटल बा। एह मण्डल में कई औद्योगिक क्षेत्र, विशेष रूप से पेट्रोलियम आ केमिकल प्लांट बा, जे गुजरात के आर्थिक विकास में योगदान दे रहल बा। == जनसंख्या और भाषा == एह मण्डल में प्रमुख रूप से [[Wp/mag/गुजराती भाषा|गुजराती]], [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]], आ [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] भाषा बोलल जाला। जनसंख्या के दृष्टि से ई मण्डल मध्यम से बड़ा स्तर पर आवेला। == इतिहास == जामनगर मण्डल के इतिहास जामनगर रियासत से जुड़ल बा, जे ब्रिटिश भारत के समय एगो स्वतंत्र रियासत रहल। आजादी के बाद ई मण्डल गुजरात राज्ज के हिस्सा बन गइल। == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल|गुजरात के मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/जामनगर|जामनगर]] * [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]] * [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == साँचा == {{Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल}} == श्रेणी == [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जामनगर मण्डल|*]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2982118}} bsdjqice4rodrzhb9syt7utxjkqtd0w 6699585 6699584 2025-07-01T19:37:59Z Baap8969 2607556 6699585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''जामनगर मण्डल''' (जामनगर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-gu|જામનગર જિલ્લો}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] के [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]] राज्ज के एगो प्रशासनिक मण्डल हवे। एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/जामनगर|जामनगर]] शहर में स्थित बा। ई मण्डल प्रशासन, विकास आ सांख्यिकीय कारण से गुजरात राज्ज में खास महत्व रखेला। ई मण्डल में अनेकों ब्लॉक, तहसील आ गाम सामिल बा, जे एकरा के प्रशासनिक दृष्टि से मजबूत बनावेला। == भूगोल == जामनगर मण्डल गुजरात के पश्चिमी हिस्सा में स्थित बा आ एकर समुद्री किनारा अरब सागर से सटल बा। एह मण्डल में कई औद्योगिक क्षेत्र, विशेष रूप से पेट्रोलियम आ केमिकल प्लांट बा, जे गुजरात के आर्थिक विकास में योगदान दे रहल बा। == जनसंख्या और भाषा == एह मण्डल में प्रमुख रूप से [[Wp/mag/गुजराती भाषा|गुजराती]], [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]], आ [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] भाषा बोलल जाला। जनसंख्या के दृष्टि से ई मण्डल मध्यम से बड़ा स्तर पर आवेला। == इतिहास == जामनगर मण्डल के इतिहास जामनगर रियासत से जुड़ल बा, जे ब्रिटिश भारत के समय एगो स्वतंत्र रियासत रहल। आजादी के बाद ई मण्डल गुजरात राज्ज के हिस्सा बन गइल। == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल|गुजरात के मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/जामनगर|जामनगर]] * [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]] * [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == साँचा == {{Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल}} == श्रेणी == [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गुजरातके मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जामनगर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जामनगर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारत के मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गुजरात]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2982118}} 00fh47jconglahrp35up78qv4d81d5j 0 3506666 6699694 6490398 2025-07-02T05:33:16Z Mirlim 2598865 /* Ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu */ kemaskini ejaan 6699694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayak pesih''' ([[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]]: Ayat pasif) ni ayak hok nok lĕtok objek dók ddĕpe [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo|kato krijo]], dĕnge syarak kato krijo tu keno la [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo transitih|kato krijo transitih]], kato krijo hok ado objek slĕpah yo kalu dale bĕtók [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]]{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|ayat aktif}} mugo nok buwi cukók lĕkak{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|lengkap}} makno ayak. ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu== Nok bbĕtók ayak pesih dale [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]] ni keno tengok ko jĕnih diri samo ado diri tu hok jóng kkecek (diri petamo), gu lawe dari hok jóng kkecek (diri keduwo) dokpóng ore hok takdok dale dók bbuwa (diri ketigo). Kalu ayak pesih tu guno jĕnih diri pĕtamo ata diri kĕduwo gak, objek nyo ppindoh duk ddĕpe, pah awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} dale kato krijo [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]] kĕno buwe, cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Saya</u> telah '''men'''jual lembu itu kepada Ibrahim}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah saya jual kepada Ibrahim.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Kamu</u> '''me'''nyalakan api itu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu kamu nyalakan.}} Kato gati diri dale ayak tu buléh jugok ttuka nga awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|ku-}} utók diri pĕtamo, de {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|kau-}} utók diri kĕduwo :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah '''ku'''jual kepada Ibrahim.}} :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu '''kau'''nyalakan.}} Ayak pesih utók diri kĕtigo pulok, srupo jugok — objek kĕno dók ddĕpe, tapi kato krijo kĕno tuka awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} jadi {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|di-}}. Cotóh yo: :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Guru-guru di sekolah harus '''di'''hormati.}} Kalu ayak tu ado jóng wak krijo,{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|pelaku}} kĕno lĕtok pekatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}} sbelóng jóng krijo. Cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Penjenayah bersiri</u> telah '''men'''curi komputer riba pelajar}}. *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Komputer riba pelajar telah '''di'''curi '''oleh''' penjenayah bersiri.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Bapa</u> telah '''meng'''hadiahkan seutas rantai kepada ibu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Ibu telah '''di'''hadiahkan seutas rantai '''oleh''' bapa.}} ==Ayak pesih dale Baso Klate-Taning== Bbezo dari Baso Mlayu, Baso Klate-Taning tok guno pekatoe ‘oleh’. Ayak pesih dale baso ni ggini: kato penegah ‘anyo’ atawo ‘nyo’ keno letok sbelum kato kijo, de kato sendi nama ‘di’ sbelum plaku. Misanyo: * Deriye tu anyo make di Derame. * Buku nyo baco di ambo takdi. Pekatoe ‘di’ jugok bulih mucó sbaga ‘d-’ sajo dok pung jjadi sakdu: * Pitih nyo amik dore. * Rupuk nyo make kkambing. Alternatifnyo, kato penegah tu boleh nyo gati nga pekatoe ‘keno’. Pekatoe ‘di’ jugok boleh nyo gati nga pekatoe ‘ko’<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/171822418/25333759-Dialek-Kelantan www.scribd.com › Dialek Kelantan, Farhan Kamarudin]</ref>, misanyo: * Pitih keno amik ko ore * Rupuk keno make ko kambing Kalu ayak tu ado duwo objek, yakni objek lasung nga objek tok lasung, ado duwo betuk ayak: * Objek tok lasung duk ddepe skali dale ayak. : Cotoh: Cicin anyo hadiyoh ko mok, ayoh. * Objek tok lasung duk blake objek lasung. : Cotoh: Anyo hadiyoh ko mok cicin, ayoh. Dale cotoh ayak ni, ''cicin'' ni objek tok lasung de ''mok'' pulok objek lasung. Duwo-duwo ayak ni keno guno kato sendi ‘ko’ ‘ke’ atawo ‘k-‘ sebelum objek lasung, de plaku yakni subjek keno duk blake ayak. Tanda koma pulok nok nunjuk ok senapah sbelum subjek. Kalu tok sé guno kato penegah, kato kijo keno duk blake subjek, misale: * Deriye tu Derame make. * Buku ambo baco takdi. Utuk ayak ado duwo objek, objek lasung keno duk blake skali de nyo letok kato sendi ‘ko/ke/k-‘ sbelumnyo. Subjek pulok lletok sbelum kato kijo, misale: * Cicin, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. <ref>Abdul Hamid Mahmood (2018). ''Sintaksis Dialek Kelantan Edisi Kedua''. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</ref> ==Bbanding ayak pesih dale Baso Mlayu nga Baso Klate-Taning== Ni jaduwa bbanding ayak pesih Baso Mlayu nga Baso Klate-Taning: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" | Baso Klate-Taning ! Baso Mlayu |- | Deriye tu anyo make di Derame. | Deriye tu Derame make. | ''Durian itu dimakan oleh Deraman''. |- | Buku nyo baco di ambo takdi. | Buku ambo baco takdi. | ''Buku itu tadi saya baca''. |- | Cicin anyo hadiyoh ko mok, ayoh. Anyo hadiyoh ko mok cicin, ayoh. | Cicin, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. | ''Emak dihadiahkan sebentuk cincin oleh ayah''. |- |} == Rujukke == {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] 9xp9ync28i6xkqhwooik3bv79qkhtr4 6699753 6699694 2025-07-02T08:38:52Z Mirlim 2598865 /* Ayak pesih dale Baso Klate-Taning */ kemaskini ejaan 6699753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayak pesih''' ([[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]]: Ayat pasif) ni ayak hok nok lĕtok objek dók ddĕpe [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo|kato krijo]], dĕnge syarak kato krijo tu keno la [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo transitih|kato krijo transitih]], kato krijo hok ado objek slĕpah yo kalu dale bĕtók [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]]{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|ayat aktif}} mugo nok buwi cukók lĕkak{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|lengkap}} makno ayak. ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu== Nok bbĕtók ayak pesih dale [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]] ni keno tengok ko jĕnih diri samo ado diri tu hok jóng kkecek (diri petamo), gu lawe dari hok jóng kkecek (diri keduwo) dokpóng ore hok takdok dale dók bbuwa (diri ketigo). Kalu ayak pesih tu guno jĕnih diri pĕtamo ata diri kĕduwo gak, objek nyo ppindoh duk ddĕpe, pah awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} dale kato krijo [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]] kĕno buwe, cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Saya</u> telah '''men'''jual lembu itu kepada Ibrahim}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah saya jual kepada Ibrahim.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Kamu</u> '''me'''nyalakan api itu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu kamu nyalakan.}} Kato gati diri dale ayak tu buléh jugok ttuka nga awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|ku-}} utók diri pĕtamo, de {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|kau-}} utók diri kĕduwo :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah '''ku'''jual kepada Ibrahim.}} :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu '''kau'''nyalakan.}} Ayak pesih utók diri kĕtigo pulok, srupo jugok — objek kĕno dók ddĕpe, tapi kato krijo kĕno tuka awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} jadi {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|di-}}. Cotóh yo: :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Guru-guru di sekolah harus '''di'''hormati.}} Kalu ayak tu ado jóng wak krijo,{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|pelaku}} kĕno lĕtok pekatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}} sbelóng jóng krijo. Cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Penjenayah bersiri</u> telah '''men'''curi komputer riba pelajar}}. *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Komputer riba pelajar telah '''di'''curi '''oleh''' penjenayah bersiri.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Bapa</u> telah '''meng'''hadiahkan seutas rantai kepada ibu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Ibu telah '''di'''hadiahkan seutas rantai '''oleh''' bapa.}} ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Klate-Ttaning== Bbezo dari Kecek Nnayu, Kecek Klate-Taning ni tok guno pĕkatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}}. Ayak pesih dale bahaso ni ggini: kato pĕnĕgah ‘anyo’ atawo ‘nyo’ keno letok sbelóng kato krijo, de kato sĕndi namo ‘di’ sbelóng jóng krijo.<ref name="sintaksis"/> Cotóh yo: * Driye tu '''anyo''' make '''di''' Drame. * Buku '''nyo''' baco '''di''' ambo takdi. Pĕkatoe ‘di’ jugok buléh lõ{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|muncul}} sbaga ‘d-’ sajo, dokpóng jjadi [[Wp/mfa/Sakdu|sakdu]]:<ref name="sintaksis"/> * Pitih '''nyo''' ambék '''d'''ore. * Rupuk '''nyo''' make '''k'''kambing. Kato pĕnĕgah tu buléh ggati nga pĕkatoe ‘kĕno’. Pĕkatoe ‘di’ pulok buéeh ggati nga pĕkatoe ‘ko’,<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/171822418/25333759-Dialek-Kelantan www.scribd.com › Dialek Kelantan, Farhan Kamarudin]</ref> cotóh yo: * Pitih '''keno''' ambék '''ko''' ore. * Rupuk '''keno''' make '''ko''' kambéng. Kalu ayak tu ado duwo objek, yakni objek derek{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|langsung}} nga objek tok derek, ado duwo bĕtók ayak: # Objek tok derek dók ddĕpe skali dale ayak. #: Cotóh: {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|Cicéng|objek tok derek}} '''anyo''' hadiyoh '''ko''' {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|mok|objek derek}}, ayoh. # Objek tok derek dók blake objek derek. #: Cotóh: '''Anyo''' hadiyoh '''ko''' {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|mok|objek derek}} {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|cicéng|objek tok derek}}, ayoh. Dale cotóh ayak ni, ''cicéng''{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|cincin}} ni objek tok derek, pah ''mok'' pulok objek derek. Duwo-duwo ayak ni kĕno guno kato sĕndi ‘ko’ ‘ke’ atawo ‘k-‘ sbĕlóng objek derek, de jóng buwak yakni subjek keno dók blake ayak. Tando koma pulok nok nnunjók ok snapah sbĕlóng subjek.<ref name="sintaksis"/> Kalu tok sé guno kato pĕnĕgah, kato krijo kĕno dók blake subjek,<ref name="sintaksis"/> misale: * Driye tu <u>Dĕrame make</u>. * Buku <u>ambo baco</u> takdi. Kalu ayak ado duwo objek, objek derek kĕno dók blake skali, pah lĕtok kato sĕndi ‘ko/ke/k-‘ sbelóng yo. Subjek pulok lletok sbelóng kato krijo,<ref name="sintaksis">{{Wp/mfa/Cite book |last= |author=Abdul Hamid Mahmood |year=2018 |title=Sintaksis Dialek Kelantan Edisi Kedua |url= |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka |page= |isbn= |access-date=}}</ref> misale: * Cicéng, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. ==Bbanding ayak pesih dale Baso Mlayu nga Baso Klate-Taning== Ni jaduwa bbanding ayak pesih Baso Mlayu nga Baso Klate-Taning: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" | Baso Klate-Taning ! Baso Mlayu |- | Deriye tu anyo make di Derame. | Deriye tu Derame make. | ''Durian itu dimakan oleh Deraman''. |- | Buku nyo baco di ambo takdi. | Buku ambo baco takdi. | ''Buku itu tadi saya baca''. |- | Cicin anyo hadiyoh ko mok, ayoh. Anyo hadiyoh ko mok cicin, ayoh. | Cicin, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. | ''Emak dihadiahkan sebentuk cincin oleh ayah''. |- |} == Rujukke == {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] q1gefaa7b03hnpqjpkrbsprlvju17sz 6699761 6699753 2025-07-02T08:49:19Z Mirlim 2598865 /* Bbanding ayak pesih dale Baso Mlayu nga Baso Klate-Taning */ kemaskini 6699761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayak pesih''' ([[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]]: Ayat pasif) ni ayak hok nok lĕtok objek dók ddĕpe [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo|kato krijo]], dĕnge syarak kato krijo tu keno la [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo transitih|kato krijo transitih]], kato krijo hok ado objek slĕpah yo kalu dale bĕtók [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]]{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|ayat aktif}} mugo nok buwi cukók lĕkak{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|lengkap}} makno ayak. ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu== Nok bbĕtók ayak pesih dale [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]] ni keno tengok ko jĕnih diri samo ado diri tu hok jóng kkecek (diri petamo), gu lawe dari hok jóng kkecek (diri keduwo) dokpóng ore hok takdok dale dók bbuwa (diri ketigo). Kalu ayak pesih tu guno jĕnih diri pĕtamo ata diri kĕduwo gak, objek nyo ppindoh duk ddĕpe, pah awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} dale kato krijo [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]] kĕno buwe, cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Saya</u> telah '''men'''jual lembu itu kepada Ibrahim}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah saya jual kepada Ibrahim.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Kamu</u> '''me'''nyalakan api itu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu kamu nyalakan.}} Kato gati diri dale ayak tu buléh jugok ttuka nga awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|ku-}} utók diri pĕtamo, de {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|kau-}} utók diri kĕduwo :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah '''ku'''jual kepada Ibrahim.}} :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu '''kau'''nyalakan.}} Ayak pesih utók diri kĕtigo pulok, srupo jugok — objek kĕno dók ddĕpe, tapi kato krijo kĕno tuka awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} jadi {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|di-}}. Cotóh yo: :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Guru-guru di sekolah harus '''di'''hormati.}} Kalu ayak tu ado jóng wak krijo,{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|pelaku}} kĕno lĕtok pekatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}} sbelóng jóng krijo. Cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Penjenayah bersiri</u> telah '''men'''curi komputer riba pelajar}}. *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Komputer riba pelajar telah '''di'''curi '''oleh''' penjenayah bersiri.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Bapa</u> telah '''meng'''hadiahkan seutas rantai kepada ibu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Ibu telah '''di'''hadiahkan seutas rantai '''oleh''' bapa.}} ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Klate-Ttaning== Bbezo dari Kecek Nnayu, Kecek Klate-Taning ni tok guno pĕkatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}}. Ayak pesih dale bahaso ni ggini: kato pĕnĕgah ‘anyo’ atawo ‘nyo’ keno letok sbelóng kato krijo, de kato sĕndi namo ‘di’ sbelóng jóng krijo.<ref name="sintaksis"/> Cotóh yo: * Driye tu '''anyo''' make '''di''' Drame. * Buku '''nyo''' baco '''di''' ambo takdi. Pĕkatoe ‘di’ jugok buléh lõ{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|muncul}} sbaga ‘d-’ sajo, dokpóng jjadi [[Wp/mfa/Sakdu|sakdu]]:<ref name="sintaksis"/> * Pitih '''nyo''' ambék '''d'''ore. * Rupuk '''nyo''' make '''k'''kambing. Kato pĕnĕgah tu buléh ggati nga pĕkatoe ‘kĕno’. Pĕkatoe ‘di’ pulok buéeh ggati nga pĕkatoe ‘ko’,<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/171822418/25333759-Dialek-Kelantan www.scribd.com › Dialek Kelantan, Farhan Kamarudin]</ref> cotóh yo: * Pitih '''keno''' ambék '''ko''' ore. * Rupuk '''keno''' make '''ko''' kambéng. Kalu ayak tu ado duwo objek, yakni objek derek{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|langsung}} nga objek tok derek, ado duwo bĕtók ayak: # Objek tok derek dók ddĕpe skali dale ayak. #: Cotóh: {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|Cicéng|objek tok derek}} '''anyo''' hadiyoh '''ko''' {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|mok|objek derek}}, ayoh. # Objek tok derek dók blake objek derek. #: Cotóh: '''Anyo''' hadiyoh '''ko''' {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|mok|objek derek}} {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|cicéng|objek tok derek}}, ayoh. Dale cotóh ayak ni, ''cicéng''{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|cincin}} ni objek tok derek, pah ''mok'' pulok objek derek. Duwo-duwo ayak ni kĕno guno kato sĕndi ‘ko’ ‘ke’ atawo ‘k-‘ sbĕlóng objek derek, de jóng buwak yakni subjek keno dók blake ayak. Tando koma pulok nok nnunjók ok snapah sbĕlóng subjek.<ref name="sintaksis"/> Kalu tok sé guno kato pĕnĕgah, kato krijo kĕno dók blake subjek,<ref name="sintaksis"/> misale: * Driye tu <u>Dĕrame make</u>. * Buku <u>ambo baco</u> takdi. Kalu ayak ado duwo objek, objek derek kĕno dók blake skali, pah lĕtok kato sĕndi ‘ko/ke/k-‘ sbelóng yo. Subjek pulok lletok sbelóng kato krijo,<ref name="sintaksis">{{Wp/mfa/Cite book |last= |author=Abdul Hamid Mahmood |year=2018 |title=Sintaksis Dialek Kelantan Edisi Kedua |url= |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka |page= |isbn= |access-date=}}</ref> misale: * Cicéng, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. ==Bbandéng ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu nga Kecek Klate-Ttaning== Jaduwa bbowoh nok tunjók bandéng ayak pesih Kecek Nnayu denge Kecek Klate-Ttaning: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" | [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Klate-Ttaning|Kecek Klate-Ttaning]] ! rowspan ="2" | [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]] |- ! Ado pĕnĕgah ! Takdok pĕnĕgah |- | Driye tu <u>anyo</u> make di Dĕrame. | Driye tu Dĕrame make. | {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Durian itu dimakan oleh Deraman.}} |- | Buku <u>nyo</u> baco di ambo takdi. | Buku ambo baco takdi. | {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Buku itu tadi saya baca.}} |- | Cicéng <u>anyo</u> hadiyoh ko mok, ayoh. | rowspan ="2" |Cicéng, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. | rowspan ="2" |{{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Emak dihadiahkan sebentuk cincin oleh ayah}}. |- | <u>Anyo</u> hadiyoh ko mok cicéng, ayoh. |- |} == Rujukke == {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] ln6w2i9n4mwvr450u8n2aqpgjtq2lts 6699763 6699761 2025-07-02T08:50:32Z Mirlim 2598865 /* Ayak pesih dale Kecek Klate-Ttaning */ 6699763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayak pesih''' ([[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]]: Ayat pasif) ni ayak hok nok lĕtok objek dók ddĕpe [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo|kato krijo]], dĕnge syarak kato krijo tu keno la [[Wp/mfa/Kato krijo transitih|kato krijo transitih]], kato krijo hok ado objek slĕpah yo kalu dale bĕtók [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]]{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|ayat aktif}} mugo nok buwi cukók lĕkak{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|lengkap}} makno ayak. ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu== Nok bbĕtók ayak pesih dale [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]] ni keno tengok ko jĕnih diri samo ado diri tu hok jóng kkecek (diri petamo), gu lawe dari hok jóng kkecek (diri keduwo) dokpóng ore hok takdok dale dók bbuwa (diri ketigo). Kalu ayak pesih tu guno jĕnih diri pĕtamo ata diri kĕduwo gak, objek nyo ppindoh duk ddĕpe, pah awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} dale kato krijo [[Wp/mfa/Ayak ektih|ayak ektih]] kĕno buwe, cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Saya</u> telah '''men'''jual lembu itu kepada Ibrahim}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah saya jual kepada Ibrahim.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Kamu</u> '''me'''nyalakan api itu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu kamu nyalakan.}} Kato gati diri dale ayak tu buléh jugok ttuka nga awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|ku-}} utók diri pĕtamo, de {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|kau-}} utók diri kĕduwo :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Lembu itu telah '''ku'''jual kepada Ibrahim.}} :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Api itu '''kau'''nyalakan.}} Ayak pesih utók diri kĕtigo pulok, srupo jugok — objek kĕno dók ddĕpe, tapi kato krijo kĕno tuka awale {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|meN-}} jadi {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|di-}}. Cotóh yo: :: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Guru-guru di sekolah harus '''di'''hormati.}} Kalu ayak tu ado jóng wak krijo,{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|pelaku}} kĕno lĕtok pekatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}} sbelóng jóng krijo. Cotóh yo: * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Penjenayah bersiri</u> telah '''men'''curi komputer riba pelajar}}. *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Komputer riba pelajar telah '''di'''curi '''oleh''' penjenayah bersiri.}} * {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|<u>Bapa</u> telah '''meng'''hadiahkan seutas rantai kepada ibu.}} *: → {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Ibu telah '''di'''hadiahkan seutas rantai '''oleh''' bapa.}} ==Ayak pesih dale Kecek Klate-Ttaning== Bbezo dari Kecek Nnayu, Kecek Klate-Taning ni tok guno pĕkatoe {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|oleh}}. Ayak pesih dale bahaso ni ggini: kato pĕnĕgah ‘anyo’ atawo ‘nyo’ keno letok sbelóng kato krijo, de kato sĕndi namo ‘di’ sbelóng jóng krijo.<ref name="sintaksis"/> Cotóh yo: * Driye tu '''anyo''' make '''di''' Drame. * Buku '''nyo''' baco '''di''' ambo takdi. Pĕkatoe ‘di’ jugok buléh lõ{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|muncul}} sbaga ‘d-’ sajo, dokpóng jjadi [[Wp/mfa/Sakdu|sakdu]]:<ref name="sintaksis"/> * Pitih '''nyo''' ambék '''d'''ore. * Rupuk '''nyo''' make '''k'''kambéng. Kato pĕnĕgah tu buléh ggati nga pĕkatoe ‘kĕno’. Pĕkatoe ‘di’ pulok buéeh ggati nga pĕkatoe ‘ko’,<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/171822418/25333759-Dialek-Kelantan www.scribd.com › Dialek Kelantan, Farhan Kamarudin]</ref> cotóh yo: * Pitih '''keno''' ambék '''ko''' ore. * Rupuk '''keno''' make '''ko''' kambéng. Kalu ayak tu ado duwo objek, yakni objek derek{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|langsung}} nga objek tok derek, ado duwo bĕtók ayak: # Objek tok derek dók ddĕpe skali dale ayak. #: Cotóh: {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|Cicéng|objek tok derek}} '''anyo''' hadiyoh '''ko''' {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|mok|objek derek}}, ayoh. # Objek tok derek dók blake objek derek. #: Cotóh: '''Anyo''' hadiyoh '''ko''' {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|mok|objek derek}} {{Wp/mfa/Tooltip|cicéng|objek tok derek}}, ayoh. Dale cotóh ayak ni, ''cicéng''{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|cincin}} ni objek tok derek, pah ''mok'' pulok objek derek. Duwo-duwo ayak ni kĕno guno kato sĕndi ‘ko’ ‘ke’ atawo ‘k-‘ sbĕlóng objek derek, de jóng buwak yakni subjek keno dók blake ayak. Tando koma pulok nok nnunjók ok snapah sbĕlóng subjek.<ref name="sintaksis"/> Kalu tok sé guno kato pĕnĕgah, kato krijo kĕno dók blake subjek,<ref name="sintaksis"/> misale: * Driye tu <u>Dĕrame make</u>. * Buku <u>ambo baco</u> takdi. Kalu ayak ado duwo objek, objek derek kĕno dók blake skali, pah lĕtok kato sĕndi ‘ko/ke/k-‘ sbelóng yo. Subjek pulok lletok sbelóng kato krijo,<ref name="sintaksis">{{Wp/mfa/Cite book |last= |author=Abdul Hamid Mahmood |year=2018 |title=Sintaksis Dialek Kelantan Edisi Kedua |url= |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka |page= |isbn= |access-date=}}</ref> misale: * Cicéng, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. ==Bbandéng ayak pesih dale Kecek Nnayu nga Kecek Klate-Ttaning== Jaduwa bbowoh nok tunjók bandéng ayak pesih Kecek Nnayu denge Kecek Klate-Ttaning: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" | [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Klate-Ttaning|Kecek Klate-Ttaning]] ! rowspan ="2" | [[Wp/mfa/Kecek Nnayu|Kecek Nnayu]] |- ! Ado pĕnĕgah ! Takdok pĕnĕgah |- | Driye tu <u>anyo</u> make di Dĕrame. | Driye tu Dĕrame make. | {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Durian itu dimakan oleh Deraman.}} |- | Buku <u>nyo</u> baco di ambo takdi. | Buku ambo baco takdi. | {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Buku itu tadi saya baca.}} |- | Cicéng <u>anyo</u> hadiyoh ko mok, ayoh. | rowspan ="2" |Cicéng, ayoh hadiyoh ko mok. | rowspan ="2" |{{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Emak dihadiahkan sebentuk cincin oleh ayah}}. |- | <u>Anyo</u> hadiyoh ko mok cicéng, ayoh. |- |} == Rujukke == {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] o486vlc8m64ubgd55cfi6hcisth3rez 0 3507752 6699695 6333645 2025-07-02T05:40:21Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699695 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === केरे-पोरोल इनूवाल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === केडी, केकड़े, केडा === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu: అరటి పండు Hindi:केला English:Banana Sanskrit:कदलīफल [[Category:Wt/wsg]] eck58bl74bezxmc1gqnm57kckuyn5ci 0 3507891 6699693 6333958 2025-07-02T05:32:52Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699693 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === करनाल,कावाल,कांकड़, === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:కాకి Hindi:कोआ English:crow Sanskrit:काक [[Category:Wt/wsg]] k1nwzms1atiuwj45ep27lwbzl0g079t 0 3507978 6699691 6334093 2025-07-02T05:29:36Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699691 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === कड - पोरोल इनवाल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === कंड,कोंडा़,कन्न === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == कड्क ने मंदिर सुडंतेर == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu: కన్నూ Hindi: आंख English: eye Sanskrit:नेत्र [[Category:Wt/wsg]] 3q578qq1v6qsusu2n8s5jdtmipgum4v 0 3508903 6699688 6336569 2025-07-02T05:21:57Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699688 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === आयार-पोरोल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === आते,आयार, आता === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:చాలు Hindi:हो गया/बस English:to be enough [[Category:Wt/wsg]] itdrdonrshpbr5tq6xrax8a2w8g7jpi 0 3532713 6699701 6448385 2025-07-02T05:52:48Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699701 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === तेह-इनवाल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === तेहा,तेहम,तोतानादृ === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu: లేపడం Hindi:जागना English:to rouse from sleep pdztn362q34v7qz9a57o22isxvhhez7 0 3532894 6699686 6448984 2025-07-02T05:18:11Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699686 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === अव्वानाजावा-पोरोल इनवाल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === आईनाजावा,अव्वानाजावा === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:పెళ్లి కు ముందు చేసే పూజా Hindi:भोगलगाना English: worshipping goddess on day before marriage. [[Category:Wt/wsg]] i4k3lsaye5exr0paji6iypf7bks7joh 0 3535024 6699687 6454592 2025-07-02T05:20:20Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699687 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === आता-पोरोल इनवाल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === आते,आयर,आता === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:అయింది Hindi:हो गया English:to be enough sufficient,ample,happened [[Category:Wt/wsg]] f5jo1rlego698tdc3p42i7kpdhd0kc1 0 3537102 6699675 6695192 2025-07-02T04:52:18Z NikolasKHF 2597950 6699675 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/bew/head|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/baba|baba]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] g499qozgak3dg5qkeb5yz7zlfj2qsnm 0 3537106 6699682 6695194 2025-07-02T04:58:19Z NikolasKHF 2597950 6699682 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/bew/head|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/buaya|buaya]]; [[Wt/bew/bajul|bajul]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] 38lo87v5ufis776vqxhn3znm7j9hnf3 0 3537125 6699673 6695190 2025-07-02T04:50:45Z NikolasKHF 2597950 6699673 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/bew/head|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/aèr|aèr]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] bh379ic9ovb5qw6dcf3mbr1czo0pvh6 0 3539913 6699685 6467532 2025-07-02T05:15:28Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699685 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === अव्वानासेवा-पोरोल इनवाल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === यायासेवा,अव्वानासेवा === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:తల్లి పూజ Hindi:मातापूजा English: worship to mother ( goddess) [[Category:Wt/wsg]] imjy4bvpgsxuqz49tcu8n2cdhabfl9u 0 3543007 6699503 6473039 2025-07-01T15:51:19Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6699503 wikitext text/x-wiki '''1 تموز''' هو يوم من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/التقويم الغريغوري|بالتقويم الغريغوري]]، و هو اليوم الـ 182 من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/سنة بسيطة|بالسنة البسيطة]] و 183 [[Wp/apc/سنة كبيسة|بالسنة الكبيسة]]. == أحداث == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز}} == مواليد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == وفيات == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مناسبات و أعياد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مصادر == {{Wp/apc/Reflist}} {{Wp/apc/ExtraReferences |qid=Q2700 }} == روابط برانيه == {{Wp/apc/ExternalLinks |qid=Q2700 }} {{Wp/apc/SisterProjects |qid=Q2700 }} {{Wp/apc/YearDaysAndMonths}} {{Wp/apc/Authority Control |qid=Q2700 }} {{INTERWIKI|Q2700}} [[Category:Wp/apc/أيام السنة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] 9etbrgxqfibhp89omvo8yjmokdt9ffb 0 3543326 6699784 6473238 2025-07-02T09:10:12Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6699784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2 تموز''' هو يوم من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/التقويم الغريغوري|بالتقويم الغريغوري]]، و هو اليوم الـ 183 من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/سنة بسيطة|بالسنة البسيطة]] و 184 [[Wp/apc/سنة كبيسة|بالسنة الكبيسة]]. == أحداث == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز}} == مواليد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == وفيات == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مناسبات و أعياد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مصادر == {{Wp/apc/Reflist}} {{Wp/apc/ExtraReferences |qid=Q2697 }} == روابط برانيه == {{Wp/apc/ExternalLinks |qid=Q2697 }} {{Wp/apc/SisterProjects |qid=Q2697 }} {{Wp/apc/YearDaysAndMonths}} {{Wp/apc/Authority Control |qid=Q2697 }} {{INTERWIKI|Q2697}} [[Category:Wp/apc/أيام السنة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] 9y2scdy78e0bhw1skgj1c0zvihmvb3p 0 3546945 6699696 6482945 2025-07-02T05:42:30Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699696 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === कोन्दा-इनवाल पोरोल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === कोन्दा, === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:ఏద్దు Hindi:बायिल English:Ox Sanskrit:वृषभ [[Category:Wt/wsg]] 50mq6o21juhfz7f9x3cjqxk4yzqcgft 0 3546953 6699690 6482956 2025-07-02T05:27:56Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699690 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === ऐनि-इनवाल पोरोल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === ऐनि === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:ఏనుగు Hindi:हाति English:elephant Sanskrit:गज [[Category:Wt/wsg]] 43a51qgtycvtnswzn9nj1z0v8ykadz1 0 3548457 6699700 6487617 2025-07-02T05:48:44Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699700 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === नर्रक -इनवल पोरोल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === नरका,नर्रका ,नरकटकु, === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:రాత్రి Hindi:रातमें English:at night [[Category:Wt/wsg]] cemjdip6gaawzppm2jw3la9qc7hgmkx 0 3549727 6699692 6492202 2025-07-02T05:31:11Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699692 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === गारे-इनवल पोरोल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === गारे === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:చక్రం Hindi:पहिया English:wheel,tyre [[Category:Wt/wsg]] 42csaaln294be160g6vfm756kdw4gv9 0 3549759 6699699 6492244 2025-07-02T05:47:38Z Prabhavathi anaka 2607525 6699699 wikitext text/x-wiki == वाडक्वालिक विशेष्क == === भाषता हिस्सा === कोह्का-इमवल पोरोल === पुट गाडमी === == गोस्टीतुन पोड़ी कियूवल == == अक्सर्क == === सांग इनवालिक === === मिसाडितांग अक्सर्क === === उर्पटी अक्सर्क === == अक्सर्क इंजी सुड़वल == == अनुवाद कियूवल == Telugu:జీడి గింజ Hindi:भल्लाटक English:marking nut [[Category:Wt/wsg]] rttopccvunmgsdixy0s6za77npoujvw 4 3550783 6699475 6698743 2025-07-01T15:38:30Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699475 wikitext text/x-wiki ==List of Wikiquote projects (Wq/xyz) open in the Incubator== <small> Last update of the page : 2025-06-15. Counting of page number of each project is automatic (''use the purge button to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikiquote||aa||Afar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/aa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/aa}}]] ||2024-12|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||ary||Moroccan Arabic||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ary|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ary}}]] ||2024-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||ast||Asturian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ast|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ast}}]]||2005||style="background-color: grey;"| Imported to Incubator. Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||azb||South Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/azb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/azb}}]]||2015-02||Active only 2015-08|| |- ||Wikiquote||ba||Bashkir||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ba|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ba}}]]||2012|| style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2013 || |- ||Wikiquote||bew||Betawi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/bew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/bew}}]] ||2025-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||blk||Pa'O||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/blk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/blk}}]] ||2023-12|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||btm||Batak Mandailing||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/btm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/btm}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||chy||Cheyenne||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/chy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/chy}}]]||2023-12||style="background-color: grey;"| Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||diq||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/diq}}]] ||2011|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||dtp||Kadazandusun||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/dtp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/dtp}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||eve||Even||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/eve|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/eve}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||fat||Fante||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/fat|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/fat}}]] ||2024|| Recently active || |- ||Wikiquote||glk||Gilaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/glk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/glk}}]] ||2007|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||grc||Ancient Greek||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/grc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/grc}}]] ||2009|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||ha||Hausa||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ha|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ha}}]] ||2014-08|| || |- ||Wikiquote||ht||Haitian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ht|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ht}}]]||2007-11||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||jv||Javanese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/jv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/jv}}]] ||2012|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||kaa||Karakalpak||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/kaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/kaa}}]] ||2022-08||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||kk||Kazakh||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/kk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/kk}}]] ||2005-07|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation. Imported to Incubator in 2005.|| |- ||Wikiquote||knc||Central Kanuri||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/knc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/knc}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||mag||Magahi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/mag|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/mag}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||mk||Macedonian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/mk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/mk}}]]||2020 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||mnw||Mon||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/mnw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/mnw}}]]||?||?||? |- ||Wikiquote||ms||Malay||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ms}}]]||2007-11 || Recently active || |- ||Wikiquote||my||Burmese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/my|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/my}}]] ||2018-06 || style="background-color: grey;" |Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||ne||Nepali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/ne|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/ne}}]]||2011 ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||oc||Occitan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/oc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/oc}}]] ||2008 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||om||Oromo||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/om|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/om}}]]||2021 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||or||Odia||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/or|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/or}}]] ||2011|| style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2012 || |- ||Wikiquote||pa||Punjabi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/pa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/pa}}]]||2013 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||pcm||Nigerian Pidgin||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/pcm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/pcm}}]]||2025||Active|| |- ||Wikiquote||pnb||Western Punjabi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/pnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/pnb}}]] ||2008 || style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2015 || |- ||Wikiquote||ps||Pashto||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wq/ps|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wq/ps}}]] ||2012-01 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||sat||Santali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/sat|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/sat}}]] ||2022-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||sd||Sindhi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/sd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/sd}}]] ||2015 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||so||Somali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/so|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/so}}]]||2016 ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||syl||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/syl}}]] ||2020-07 || style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikiquote||sw||Swahili||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/sw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/sw}}]]||2017|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||tt||Tatar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/tt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/tt}}]] ||2009 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||tg||Tajik||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/tg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/tg}}]]||2010-11 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||xmf||Mingrelian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/xmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/xmf}}]] ||2016 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||zgh||Standard Moroccan Amazigh||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wq/zgh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/zgh}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wq]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] olgauraaom2v60ff5dzsvubnesc7838 6699755 6699475 2025-07-02T08:42:30Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699755 wikitext text/x-wiki ==List of Wikiquote projects (Wq/xyz) open in the Incubator== <small> Last update of the page : 2025-06-15. Counting of page number of each project is automatic (''use the purge button to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikiquote||aa||Afar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/aa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/aa}}]] ||2024-12|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||ary||Moroccan Arabic||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ary|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ary}}]] ||2024-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||ast||Asturian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ast|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ast}}]]||2005||style="background-color: grey;"| Imported to Incubator. Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||azb||South Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/azb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/azb}}]]||2015-02||Active only 2015-08|| |- ||Wikiquote||ba||Bashkir||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ba|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ba}}]]||2012|| style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2013 || |- ||Wikiquote||bew||Betawi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/bew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/bew}}]] ||2025-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||blk||Pa'O||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/blk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/blk}}]] ||2023-12|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||btm||Batak Mandailing||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/btm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/btm}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||chy||Cheyenne||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/chy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/chy}}]]||2023-12||style="background-color: grey;"| Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||diq||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/diq}}]] ||2011|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||dtp||Kadazandusun||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/dtp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/dtp}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||eve||Even||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/eve|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/eve}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||fat||Fante||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/fat|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/fat}}]] ||2024|| Recently active || |- ||Wikiquote||glk||Gilaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/glk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/glk}}]] ||2007|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||grc||Ancient Greek||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/grc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/grc}}]] ||2009|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||ha||Hausa||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ha|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ha}}]] ||2014-08|| || |- ||Wikiquote||ht||Haitian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ht|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ht}}]]||2007-11||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||jv||Javanese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/jv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/jv}}]] ||2012|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||kaa||Karakalpak||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/kaa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/kaa}}]] ||2022-08||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||kk||Kazakh||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/kk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/kk}}]] ||2005-07|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation. Imported to Incubator in 2005.|| |- ||Wikiquote||knc||Central Kanuri||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/knc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/knc}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||mag||Magahi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/mag|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/mag}}]] ||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||mk||Macedonian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/mk|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/mk}}]]||2020 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||mnw||Mon||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/mnw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/mnw}}]]||?||?||? |- ||Wikiquote||ms||Malay||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/ms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/ms}}]]||2007-11 || Recently active || |- ||Wikiquote||my||Burmese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/my|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/my}}]] ||2018-06 || style="background-color: grey;" |Never been active since creation || |- ||Wikiquote||ne||Nepali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/ne|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/ne}}]]||2011 ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||oc||Occitan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/oc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/oc}}]] ||2008 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||om||Oromo||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/om|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/om}}]]||2021 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||or||Odia||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/or|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/or}}]] ||2011|| style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2012 || |- ||Wikiquote||pa||Punjabi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/pa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/pa}}]]||2013 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||pcm||Nigerian Pidgin||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/pcm|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/pcm}}]]||2025||Active|| |- ||Wikiquote||pnb||Western Punjabi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/pnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/pnb}}]] ||2008 || style="background-color: grey;" | Inactive since 2015 || |- ||Wikiquote||ps||Pashto||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wq/ps|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wq/ps}}]] ||2012-01 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||sat||Santali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/sat|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/sat}}]] ||2022-05 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||sd||Sindhi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/sd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/sd}}]] ||2015 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||so||Somali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/so|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/so}}]]||2016 ||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||syl||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/syl}}]] ||2020-07 || style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikiquote||sw||Swahili||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/sw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/sw}}]]||2017-07|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||tt||Tatar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/tt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/tt}}]] ||2009 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||tg||Tajik||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/tg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/tg}}]]||2010-11 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| ? |- ||Wikiquote||xmf||Mingrelian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wq/xmf|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/xmf}}]] ||2016 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikiquote||zgh||Standard Moroccan Amazigh||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wq/zgh|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wq/zgh}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wq]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] cj44um8cxukbkola45dq8se355ndxpk 4 3550784 6699468 6698751 2025-07-01T15:28:17Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 /* List of Wikinews projects (Wn/xyz) open in the Incubator */ 6699468 wikitext text/x-wiki ==List of Wikinews projects (Wn/xyz) open in the Incubator== <small> Last update of the page: 04/19/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! Info page ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikinews||ab||[[Wn/ab]]||Abkhazian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ab|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ab}}]] ||2019||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ace||[[Wn/ace]]||Acehnese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ace|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ace}}]] ||2017-10||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ady||[[Wn/ady]]||Adyghe||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ady|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ady}}]] ||2025-02||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||af||[[Wn/af]]||Afrikaans||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/af|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/af}}]] ||2009||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ain||[[Wn/ain]]||Ainu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ain}}]] ||2024-||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||als||[[Wn/als]]||Alsatian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/als|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/als}}]] ||2019||Imported to [[:w:als:Nochricht:Dialäkt-Neuigkeite]]|| |- ||Wikinews||am||[[Wn/am]]||Amhara||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/am|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/am}}]] ||2012||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- || Wikinews ||ang|| [[Wn/ang]] || Old English || align="right" | [[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ang|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ang}}]] || 2005 ||style="background-color: red;" | Rejected || [[Incubator:Requests_for_deletions#Subpages_of_Wn/ang_(SPEEDY_DELETE)|RFD ongoing]] |- ||Wikinews||anp||[[Wn/anp]]||Angika||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/anp|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/anp}}]] ||2023||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||as||[[Wn/as]]||Assamese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/as|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/as}}]] ||2005||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||az||[[Wn/az]]||Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/az|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/az}}]] ||2011||Inactive|| |- ||Wikinews||azb||[[Wn/azb]]||South Azerbaijani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/azb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/azb}}]] ||2011-05||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||be||[[Wn/be]]||Belarusian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/be|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/be}}]]||2010||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||bjn||[[Wn/bjn]]||Banjar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/bjn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/bjn}}]] ||2018-07||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||bn||[[Wn/bn]]||Bengali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/bn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/bn}}]]||2013||Recently active from 2024-09|| |- ||Wikinews||ceb||[[Wn/ceb]]||Cebuano||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/ceb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/ceb}}]]||2021||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||cdo||[[Wn/cdo]]||Min Dong ||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/cdo|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/cdo}}]]||2017||Inactive since 2018|| |- ||Wikinews||diq||[[wn/diq]]||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/diq}}]] || 2011-08|| Active on 2012-08|| |- ||Wikinews||et||[[Wn/et]]||Estonian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/et|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/et}}]] ||2013||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||gl||[[Wn/gl]]||Galician||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/gl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/gl}}]] ||2007-11||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ha||[[Wn/ha]]||Hausa||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ha|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ha}}]] ||2021-07||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||hi||[[Wn/hi]]||Hindi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/hi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/hi}}]] ||2008-04||Active 2008-05|| |- ||Wikinews||hr||[[Wn/hr]]||Croatian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/hr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/hr}}]] ||2010-12||Inactive since 2011|| |- ||Wikinews||hu||[[Wn/hu]]||Hungarian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/hu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/hu}}]] ||2005||Inactive since 2010||Imported back |- ||Wikinews||hy||[[Wn/hy]]||Armenian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/hy|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/hy}}]] ||2010-12||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ka||[[Wn/ka]]||Georgian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/ka|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/ka}}]]||2008||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||khw||[[Wn/khw]]||Khowar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/khw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/khw}}]]||2011||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ml||[[Wn/ml]]||Malayalam||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/ml|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/ml}}]]||2011||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ms||[[Wn/ms]]||Malay||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/ms|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/ms}}]] ||2008||style="background-color: white;" | Active from 2020-06 to 2020-07|| |- ||Wikinews||my||[[Wn/my]]||Burmese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/my|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/my}}]] ||before 2017-03||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||myv||[[Wn/myv]]||Erzya (Erzian)||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/myv|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/myv}}]] ||before 2017-08||Imported to [[:w:ru:?]]|| |- ||Wikinews||oc||[[Wn/oc]]||Occitan||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/oc|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/oc}}]] ||2008-05||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||pa||[[Wn/pa]]||Punjabi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/pa|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/pa}}]]||2012||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||pnb||[[Wn/pnb]]||Western Punjabi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/pnb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/pnb}}]]||2011-01||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||sah||[[Wn/sah]]||Yakut||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/sah|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/sah}}]] ||2016||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||sat||[[Wn/sat]]||Santali||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/sat|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/sat}}]] ||2022-09||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||sd||[[Wn/sd]]||Sindhi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/sd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/sd}}]] ||2013||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation||Imported back, [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Sindhi|RFL on Meta]] seeking re-open has rejected |- ||Wikinews||skr||[[Wn/skr]]||Saraiki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/skr|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/skr}}]] ||2013-10||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||syl||[[Wn/syl]]||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/syl|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/syl}}]]||2022-07||style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikinews||tt||[[Wn/tt]]||Tatar||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/tt|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/tt}}]]||2014||style="background-color: grey;" |Never been active since creation||A parallel project on Russian Wikinews exists at [[n:ru:Алгы бит]], but the [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Tatar|RFL on Meta]] is whatsoever marked eligible |- ||Wikinews||twd||[[Wn/twd]]||Twents ||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/twd|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/twd}}]]||2025-06||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||ur||[[Wn/ur]]||Urdu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/ur|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/ur}}]]||2008||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||uz||[[Wn/uz]]||Uzbek||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/uz|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/uz}}]]||2013||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||wal||[[Wn/wal]]||Wollayta||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/wal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/wal}}]] ||2015-02||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikinews||vi||[[Wn/vi]]||Vietnamese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wn/vi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wn/vi}}]] ||2009-08||Inactive since 2021-08|| |- ||Wikinews||yue||[[Wn/yue]]||Cantonese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/Wn/yue|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wn/yue}}]]||2008||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wn]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikibooks projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] j01q26rqyx3b3frwdz3ca1hfegnryy8 4 3550788 6699477 6698748 2025-07-01T15:40:54Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699477 wikitext text/x-wiki == List of Wikibooks projects (Wb/xyz) open in the Incubator == <small> Last update of the page: 05/04/2025. The page number count for each project is automatic (''use the purge button regularly to refresh the display'').</small> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Project ! Code ! English name ! Number of articles ! Starting date ! Status ! Actions taken |- ||Wikibooks||ab||Abkhazian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/ab|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ab}}]] ||2023-02||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||ady||Adyghe||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/ady|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ady}}]] || 2025-01||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||ain||Ainu||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/ain|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ain}}]]||2022-10|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||am||Amharic||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/am|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/am}}]]||2021-05|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||as||Assamese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/as|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/as}}]]||2004-11|| Active 2021-08 || |- ||Wikibooks||ast||Asturian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/ast|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ast}}]]||2004|| style="background-color: grey;" | Imported to Incubator. Never been active since creation. || |- ||Wikibooks||bcl||Central Bikol||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/bcl/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/bcl}}]]|| 2021|| style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2024-06 to 2024-11, for 6 months|| |- ||Wikibooks||bew||Betawi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/bew|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/bew}}]]||2025-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation. || |- ||Wikibooks||bhi||Bhilali||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/bhi|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/bhi}}]] || 2024-02||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||ckb||Central Kurdish||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/ckb|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ckb}}]] || 2020||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||ddo||Tsez||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/ddo|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ddo}}]] || 2025-01||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation| |- ||Wikibooks||diq||Zazaki||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/diq|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/diq}}]] || 2011-08|| Inactive since 2012|| |- ||Wikibooks||fmp||Fe'fe||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/fmp/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/fmp}}]]||2017-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||fur||Friulian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/fur/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/fur}}]]||2024-08||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||gom||Goan Konkani||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/gom|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wb/gom}}]] || 2024-04|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- |- ||Wikibooks||min||Minangkabau||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/min/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/min}}]]||2022 || Recently active || Approved 23-05-2025 |- ||Wikibooks||nia||Nias||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/nia/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/nia}}]]||2021-01 || Recently active || |- ||Wikibooks||or||Odia||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/or/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/or}}]]||2011-09 || Recently active || |- ||Wikibooks||os||Ossetian||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/os/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/os}}]]||2011-11|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation. || |- ||Wikibooks||ps||Pashto||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/ps/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/ps}}]]||2004|| style="background-color: grey;" | Imported to Incubator. Never been active since creation. || |- ||Wikibooks||rkt||Rangpuri||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/rkt/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/rkt}}]]||2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation. |- ||Wikibooks||rw||Kinyarwanda ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/rw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/rw}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||sah||Yakut ||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/sah|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/sah}}]] || 2025||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||sas||Sasak||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/sas|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/sas}}]] ||2025-06||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||sn||Shona||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/sn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/sn}}]]|| 2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||su||Sundanese||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/su|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/su}}]]|| 2024|| style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||syl||Sylheti||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/syl/|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/syl}}]]||2022 || style="background-color: yellow;" | Was active from 2023-05 to 2024-05, for 13 months|| No action has been taken by Langcom. |- ||Wikibooks||tw||Twi||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/tw|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/tw}}]] ||2005|| style="background-color: grey;" | Imported to Incubator. Never been active since creation.|| |- ||Wikibooks||vai||Vai||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/vai|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/vai}}]] || 2025-02||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||wal||Wollayta||align="right"|[[SPECIAL:PREFIXINDEX/wb/wal|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/wal}}]] ||2024 || style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |- ||Wikibooks||wuu||Wuu||align="right"|[[Special:Prefixindex/wb/wuu|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:wb/wuu}}]] || 2014-01||style="background-color: grey;" | Never been active since creation|| |} * Template: [[Template:Tests/wb]] == See also == * [[Incubator:Wikipedia projects]] * [[Incubator:Wiktionary projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikinews projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikiquote projects]] * [[Incubator:Wikivoyage projects]] [[Category:Incubator:Projects]] bcbatqz633844sibbq2i9kc1q7r6hgr 0 3556805 6699678 6683821 2025-07-02T04:55:32Z NikolasKHF 2597950 /* {{wt/bew/lang|sas}} */ 6699678 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|plm}}== {{Wt/bew/head|plm}} ====Pelapalan==== * {{Wt/bew/HPA|plm|a=LL-Q12497929 (mis)-Mgs. M. Yusuf Baihaqi (Msdlfsalsa)-aran.wav|[aʀan]}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-v-|plm}} alok =={{Wt/bew/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/bew/head|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/nama|nama]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] 52f5zmt2ap52m4iu38tfiywg4kuefjt 4 3559946 6699654 6691749 2025-07-02T03:08:12Z SpBot 2587929 archiving 1 section from [[Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard]] (after section [[Incubator:Administrators' noticeboard/Archive/2025#Proplem|Proplem]]) 6699654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talkarchive}} == Vandalism == User vandalised page. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/85.249.160.3 https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wp/isv/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&diff=prev&oldid=6525824 [[User:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] ([[User talk:Danvintius Bookix|talk]]) 14:08, 13 January 2025 (UTC) :Pages created by the IP deleted, a block is probably not necessary unless it starts again. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:09, 15 January 2025 (UTC) And also vandalism in [[Wp/abc]]. {{ping|Iohanen}}, {{ping|Jon Harald Søby}}, {{ping|MF-Warburg}}, {{ping|Sotiale}}, {{ping|Ninjastrikers}}. --[[User:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] ([[User talk:Danvintius Bookix|talk]]) 12:48, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :Wp/abc pages deleted, users blocked. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:08, 15 January 2025 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:09, 15 January 2025 (UTC)}} == 林詩朗 == Please delete the translation pages created by said user as machine translations. --[[User:Minorax|<span style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color:#69C">Min☠︎rax</span>]]^{&laquo;&brvbar;[[User talk:Minorax|'''talk''']]&brvbar;&raquo;} 13:38, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Nuked. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 21:23, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Iohanen|Iohanen]] <small>(Garcez)</small> ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 21:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC)</small> == Module has incorrect page content model == This following page needs its content model to be changed to Scribunto module. It was being requested for speedy deletion but I think this is a quick fix and better than deleting it. [[Module:Wp/nij/Check_for_unknown_parameters]] Thanks in advance, [[User:Iohanen|Iohanen]] <small>(Garcez)</small> ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 21:51, 18 January 2025 (UTC) : There exists a lua error and the content model cannot be changed. Also you have <code><nowiki>editcontentmodel</nowiki></code> as administrator. [[User:Syunsyunminmin|Syunsyunminmin]] ([[User talk:Syunsyunminmin|talk]]) 08:42, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I see, thanks! I had tried to change it but it gave me an error so I assumed I couldn't do it, but now I understand why it didn't work! Thanks again, [[User:Iohanen|Iohanen]] <small>(Garcez)</small> ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 19:45, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Iohanen|Iohanen]] <small>(Garcez)</small> ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 19:48, 21 January 2025 (UTC)</small> == Cham language (لغة چم) == I want to make a page with Cham language using Cham Wikipedia, but Wikipedia Cham isn't approved yet. [[User:裕仁少女|裕仁少女]] ([[User talk:裕仁少女|talk]]) 04:15, 13 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:裕仁少女|裕仁少女]]; There are already two Wikipedia projects for Cham language in incubator. For Eastern Cham Wikipedia, see [[Wp/cjm]] and for Western Cham Wikipedia, see [[Wp/cja]]. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 08:52, 27 January 2025 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: &mdash; [[User:Iohanen|<b>Garcez</b>]] ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 08:19, 8 February 2025 (UTC)</small> == [[User:Fivezies]] == Looks like spammer, that user only created spam pages under Gibanawa's code [[iso639-3:gib|gib]] for their fandom. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 00:32, 26 February 2025 (UTC) :Block him. He created "Wikipedia in Gibberish language" ([[wp/gib]]) with nonsense pages. He even wrote that on his userpage: "I am a professional troll". [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 10:34, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ::{{done|blocked}} by Jon Harald Søby so :::<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC)</small> == Article creation == Facing error message when creating an article on Wp/gaa. It says "This action has been automatically identified as harmful, and therefore disallowed" but the article is not harmful in anyway. [[User:Agoetee 123|Agoetee 123]] ([[User talk:Agoetee 123|talk]]) 15:17, 8 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Agoetee 123|Agoetee 123]]: It seems that a global abuse filter was limitating you. I have created the page for you ([[Wp/gaa/Jiji]]). I couldn't find the reason why it was limitating you since the filter is private on Meta. :Best regards, &mdash; [[User:Iohanen|<b>Garcez</b>]] ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 08:00, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Delete my Userpage == I couldn't find the way to ask for it, as [[Incubator:CSD]] doesn't exists, neither does [[Template:SD]]. But may you please delete my userpage or atleast instruct how to correctly ask for it? I have now a userpage in Meta. Thanks. [[User:Eduardo Gottert|Eduardo Gottert]] ([[User talk:Eduardo Gottert|talk]]) 04:57, 24 February 2025 (UTC) : Done. --[[User:Sotiale|Sotiale]] ([[User talk:Sotiale|talk]]) 11:27, 24 February 2025 (UTC) == Block the user == I propose to block [[User:Choose13]] because of his [https://incubator.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Choose13 disrupting] activity. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 08:59, 9 March 2025 (UTC) :Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:43, 10 March 2025 (UTC) == Block the user 2 == Are such [https://incubator.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/WIKIPEDIANS_ARE_N.I.G.G.E.R.S?searchToken=7og64upnhiji4i6zo27btju9l name and activity] appropriate for Incubator user? [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 10:07, 25 March 2025 (UTC) : Unacceptable. No global account is exist, so the account is seems to lockhided. [[User:Syunsyunminmin|Syunsyunminmin]] ([[User talk:Syunsyunminmin|talk]]) 10:37, 25 March 2025 (UTC) ::Ok. Thank you. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 10:50, 25 March 2025 (UTC) == Unable to create new pages in the 'raj' Wikipedia incubator == Hello, I am able to successfully contribute to and add to existing articles in the 'raj' incubator Wikipedia. But, when I try to create an new article about a new topic, it gives me the following notices: When I create the page: >> You are creating a new (prefixed) page called "Wp/raj/हिन्द-आर्य भासावां". When I click publish after adding the relevant content: >> You are trying to create a page without a valid ISO 639-1 or -3 code. This code either is not valid or does not belong to a language accepted for new Wikimedia projects. If you came here from any other page, please return back and fix the link and then create the correctly named page. If by any chance this is blocking you from creating any page which you think has a valid ISO 639-1 or -3 code or belongs to an accepted language, please let administrators know. I would love to contribute to help this incubator test project grow, so any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you! [[User:Milind Agarwal 01|Milind Agarwal 01]] ([[User talk:Milind Agarwal 01|talk]]) 17:34, 4 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi, I have created the test page [[Wp/raj/हिन्द-आर्य भासावां]] without any issues. I noticed that you've already created some pages under [[Wp/raj]]. If you continue to encounter the same problem, please let us know. -- [[File:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ.png|75px|link=User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|]]([[User_talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 19:45, 4 April 2025 (UTC) ::Hi, thank you for your message. I am still getting the same response. The steps I am taking are as follows: ::1. I start with visiting https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/raj ::2. Then, I simply add the name of the new page I want to create in the URL. For example, "https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/raj/गुजरात" ::3. This takes me to a page that says "This page does not exist or it has been deleted. You can..." and I chose the option "create this page". ::4. I am then taken to an editor that says on the top "You are creating a new (prefixed) page called "Wp/raj/गुजरात"." ::5. Then, I type something in the text box. Let's say "test", then click "Publish Page" ::6. I keep getting the same error: "You are trying to create a page without a valid ISO 639-1 or -3 code. This code either is not valid or does not belong to a language accepted for new Wikimedia projects. If you came here from any other page, please return back and fix the link and then create the correctly named page. If by any chance this is blocking you from creating any page which you think has a valid ISO 639-1 or -3 code or belongs to an accepted language, please let administrators know." [[User:Milind Agarwal 01|Milind Agarwal 01]] ([[User talk:Milind Agarwal 01|talk]]) 02:34, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] You're one of our [[Special:ListUsers/sysop|adminships]] so you can create that page without problems, but for non-adminships this will need langcom members' review on whether Rajasthani is [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Rajasthani|eligible for testing]]. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 11:06, 5 April 2025 (UTC) :::Yes, what @[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] says is correct. Macrolanguages are one of those gray areas where the language committee needs to decide; I see that there is already a discussion started on the page Liuxinyu links, so it is best to continue that discussion there. [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 20:09, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == The ISO 639-3 code Sia isnt getting accepted == Im in the progress of makeing a akkala sámi wikipedia. But i cant make any pages. When I try i get a error saying that the code isnt in ISO 1 or 3. The akkala sámi wikipedia dosnt exsit and im working on one. But i cant even make the main page. Fix this please [[User:Swedishiuser|Swedishiuser]] ([[User talk:Swedishiuser|talk]]) 11:50, 25 April 2025 (UTC) :And you speak the language? --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:14, 25 April 2025 (UTC) ::I dont. im doing the pages from a dictonary. Since I dont have anyone or a friend i know that can akkala sámi [[User:Swedishiuser|Swedishiuser]] ([[User talk:Swedishiuser|talk]]) 12:34, 25 April 2025 (UTC) :::Well no, i dont speak it. Im just wondering if you can solve whats doing it? [[User:Swedishiuser|Swedishiuser]] ([[User talk:Swedishiuser|talk]]) 14:13, 25 April 2025 (UTC) ::::It will not be changed and I ask you to stop editing or creating pages in languages you don't speak, otherwise you will be blocked. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:38, 26 April 2025 (UTC) :::::I have stopped doing that project for long ago. I have changed the language [[User:Swedishiuser|Swedishiuser]] ([[User talk:Swedishiuser|talk]]) 17:35, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::You need to stop doing this for all languages. Blocked. -- <small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 08:48, 30 April 2025 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:48, 8 May 2025 (UTC)</small> == Please import [[Template:Test wiki/styles.css]] to Incubator Plus 2.0 == Sorry, but I didn't have anywhere else to put this. Please, import [[Template:Test wiki/styles.css|the CSS file for Template:Test wiki]] to [https://incubator.miraheze.org/wiki/Template:Test_wiki/styles.css Incubator Plus 2.0]. Thanks. [[User:Kxeon|<span style="font-family:monospace; color: #5454FF">wikipedia-kxeon</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[User talk:Kxeon|<span style="font-family:monospace; color: #5454FF">mailbox</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/Kxeon|<span style="font-family:monospace; color: #5454FF">contributions</span>]] 20:23, 25 April 2025 (UTC) :Ping [[User:Ooswesthoesbes]]. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:37, 26 April 2025 (UTC) ::{{ping|Ooswesthoesbes}} [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 14:55, 26 April 2025 (UTC) :::Because the page is unprefixed, I can't actually import or edit it... I need to look into that. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|talk]]) 09:25, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ::::I can't seem to find a way to circumvent this issue. As 2.0 uses the same mechanics as here, does anyone know how to create an unprefixed page? @[[User:MF-Warburg]] --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|talk]]) 09:34, 27 April 2025 (UTC) :::::You might have to set the test-wiki in your preferences to {{int:wminc-testwiki-site}}. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:41, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::That was a remarkably easy fix... Thank you! :) It is {{Done}} now. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|talk]]) 14:08, 27 April 2025 (UTC) == ISO 639-3 code == Several languages have gotten their ISO 639-3 code but cannot create their wiki projects here: [[:en:Hainanese|Hainanese]] ([https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/hnm hnm]), [[:en:Leizhou Min|Leizhou Chinese]] ([https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/luh luh]), [[:en:Shao–Jiang Min|Shaojiang Chinese]] ([https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sjc sjc]), [[:en:Pinghua|Southern Ping Chinese]] ([https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/csp csp]), [[:en:Pinghua|Northern Ping Chinese]] ([https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/cnp cnp]). [[User:唐吉訶德的侍從|el caballero de los Leones]] ([[User talk:唐吉訶德的侍從|talk]]) 03:33, 30 March 2025 (UTC) :This can be changed when there are requests from the speakers of these languages. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:38, 26 April 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] Actually, Hainanese already has its corresponding RFL: [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Hainanese 2|here]] (On Hold at the moment), shouldn't [[Wp/hnm|this one]] be unfreezed first? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 23:17, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Moving the [[Wy/hbs|Serbo-Croatian Wikivoyage]] == Hello! Following the [[Incubator:Community Portal#Serbo-Croatian Wikivoyage language code|discussion]] on the Community Portal, I believe the consensus is established to move <code>Wy/hbs</code> to <code>Wy/sh</code>. If that is the case here, the discussion can now be closed/concluded, with the following steps: * All <code>Wy/hbs</code> subpages (content) should be moved to <code>Wy/sh</code> without leaving a redirect. * The code page [[Wy/hbs]] shall redirect to [[Wy/sh]]. Many thanks for considering my request, [[User:Aca|Aca]] ([[User talk:Aca|talk]]) 22:24, 25 April 2025 (UTC) :It's been a month since I posted this, so I'm leaving this message to prevent archiving. The consensus is now well-established on the Community Portal. @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]: Since you are an admin, could you please take a look? :) – [[User:Aca|Aca]] ([[User talk:Aca|talk]]) 08:18, 26 May 2025 (UTC) ::Considering the size of the test, this is something that has to be done by bot. Maybe @[[User:MF-Warburg]] has time to look into this? --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|talk]]) 08:20, 26 May 2025 (UTC) :::Moved. [[User:Aca]]: Undoubtedly some pages (templates, categories) will need further fixes. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:47, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::''Danke!'' Closing this topic accordingly, and community will be notified about further steps. – [[User:Aca|Aca]] ([[User talk:Aca|talk]]) 22:28, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: – [[User:Aca|Aca]] ([[User talk:Aca|talk]]) 22:29, 28 May 2025 (UTC)</small> == Problème de création de page utilisateur == Bonjour, Je suis un contributeur débutant (nom d'utilisateur : '''Adel_houimdi''') et j'essayais de créer ma page utilisateur, mais j'ai été bloqué automatiquement par un filtre anti-abus. Je vous confirme que ma modification était constructive et que je voulais seulement créer ma propre page avec une présentation de mon projet sur les plantes médicinales en Tunisie. Pouvez-vous m'autoriser à créer ma page ? Merci beaucoup pour votre aide ! — [[User:Adel_houimdi]] {{Section resolved|1=<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:26, 9 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Test adminship (Wy/ta) == I already made a request on [[Incubator:Administrators]], but it hasn't gotten any action well after the end of the voting period. Assume the same reasons as in [[Incubator:Administrators#Faster than Thunder (Wy/ta)]], and if you have any concerns, please reply them. Thanks. By the way, I am basically one of the two only real contributors to the wiki. [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] ([[User talk:Faster than Thunder|talk]]) 15:08, 6 June 2025 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:26, 9 June 2025 (UTC)}} == How do I translate [[:Template:Test wiki]]? == I am genuinely so lost on this. I don't know what to actually ''use'' to translate this. No subpages, no translatewiki entry, nothing. What do I do? [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 19:34, 19 May 2025 (UTC) :If it's Prussian you want to translate into, is this what you are looking for? [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incubator%3AMain+Page&action=page&filter=&language=prg] Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:27, 19 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]]: Nowadays, it is translated in Translatewiki.net: [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-wikimediaincubator-onwiki]]. I'll update the documentation at [[Incubator:Translation project]]. [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 07:11, 20 May 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for that. Btw, maybe it would be a good idea to change the links at the bottom to go to the translatewiki page you just led me to? I kept on clicking that thinking that it would take me to the page to translate it or something. But no.<br> ::Maybe there's another reason as to why you ''don't''? Maybe, maybe not. [[User:Kxeon|Kxeon]] ([[User talk:Kxeon|talk]]) 22:18, 20 May 2025 (UTC) == Proplem == Hi, I tried to create a new page in Wy/ar/ but got an error saying that the ISO 639 code is wrong or invalid even though the prefix Wy/ar/ is present in the project, [[:Category:Wy/ar|See]] [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 17:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Should be fixed. Please try again. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 12:01, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] Problem solved, thank you [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 17:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 16:56, 28 June 2025 (UTC)}} a1d6m4dzyj87voapfzauah2wpi5b5mu 0 3561057 6699374 6699329 2025-07-01T12:29:52Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699374 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.3em 1em 0em; text-align:center;"> <div style = "font-size:x-large; text-"> Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu</div> Wikiwirdeīns ast pawīrps, redigīwingis wirdeīns. Teinū mes turrimai '''[[:Category:Wt/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/prg}}]]''' wīrdans. Wirdeīnaiː <br> [[:Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns|Prūsiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns|Ēngliskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns|Laītawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns|Lattawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns|Maskōwitiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns|Miksiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns|Pōliskas]] {| style="border:1px solid black; margin-bottom: 1em" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" | style="font: 95% Verdana; color:#c00000" align="center" bgcolor="white" |<inputbox> type=create width=50 break=no default=Wt/prg/ preload=[[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] </inputbox> |} <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #A8D3FF;">Ka ast Wikiwirdeīns?</h2> [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast prōjaktan, kawīdan teikāi wirdeīnan be tērpaui [[Wt/prg/MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].<br> Wikiwirdeīnas licēnci ast "GFDL" be "CC BY-SA 4.0". Wisāi ēnturai en Wikiwirdeīnu turri šan licēncin. Stesse paggan wisāi pawīstis en Wikiwirdeīnu ast pawīrpai mōdificītan. Wikiwirdeīns turri wissans swītas billins, šlāits kunstiskans billins. Stēisan wirdāi turri zentlisnans, iztarīsnans, etimolōgijans, deklinaciōnins, tērpausnans, sijjusins wīrdans, btt., be bānda būtwei tulabilliskas wirdeīns, prei perwaidīnsnan prūsiskas-ēngliskas, prūsiskas-miksiskas, prūsiskas-pōliskas, prūsiskas-japāniskas, prūsiskas-kašūbiskas, tezāurus, be tūls! <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #AADDAA;">Preidāis prei Wikiwirdeīnan</h2> [[File:Line-style-icons-pencil.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Ik ainunts kwaitēi preipīstun prei Wikiwirdeīnas kakīnslins, mazzi. Ik tū assei naws tērpautajs, dirēis en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu|Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu]]. Swarewīngis pawīstis ast pawaidīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Princīpai be instrukciōnis|Princīpai be instrukciōnis]]. [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Pīras pōrtals|Pīras pōrtals]] ast pōrtals per tērpautajans. Tenēi turri wedātajans per dīlasnan.<br>Wisāi prasīsenei mazzi būtwei izkabīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Perōnis pāusan|Perōnis pāusu]]. Per indiwiduālins pawīstins, jaīs prei stesse "Diskusiōni" pāusan. </div> <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #FABD23;">Wikimedia Fōnds</h2> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast rikaūtan ezze [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Fōnds]. Sta ast nināudiska ōrganizaciōni en Kalifōrnijai, en APW. Stan dīgi rikaūja kīrsa kittans prōjaktans. {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wt/prg]] 2brizvvex1r0s46d5rzgh1gt55qz8zo 6699377 6699374 2025-07-01T12:33:57Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699377 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.3em 1em 0em; text-align:center;"> <div style = "font-size:x-large; text-"> Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu</div> Wikiwirdeīns ast pawīrps, redigīwingis wirdeīns. Teinū mes turrimai '''[[:Category:Wt/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/prg}}]]''' wīrdans. Wirdeīnaiː <br> [[:Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns|Prūsiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns|Ēngliskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns|Laītawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns|Lattawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns|Maskōwitiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns|Miksiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns|Pōliskas]] {| style="border:1px solid black; margin-bottom: 1em" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" | style="font: 95% Verdana; color:#c00000" align="center" bgcolor="white" |<inputbox> type=create width=50 break=no default=Wt/prg/ buttonlabel=Teīkeis pāusan preload=[[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] </inputbox> |} <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #A8D3FF;">Ka ast Wikiwirdeīns?</h2> [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast prōjaktan, kawīdan teikāi wirdeīnan be tērpaui [[Wt/prg/MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].<br> Wikiwirdeīnas licēnci ast "GFDL" be "CC BY-SA 4.0". Wisāi ēnturai en Wikiwirdeīnu turri šan licēncin. Stesse paggan wisāi pawīstis en Wikiwirdeīnu ast pawīrpai mōdificītan. Wikiwirdeīns turri wissans swītas billins, šlāits kunstiskans billins. Stēisan wirdāi turri zentlisnans, iztarīsnans, etimolōgijans, deklinaciōnins, tērpausnans, sijjusins wīrdans, btt., be bānda būtwei tulabilliskas wirdeīns, prei perwaidīnsnan prūsiskas-ēngliskas, prūsiskas-miksiskas, prūsiskas-pōliskas, prūsiskas-japāniskas, prūsiskas-kašūbiskas, tezāurus, be tūls! <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #AADDAA;">Preidāis prei Wikiwirdeīnan</h2> [[File:Line-style-icons-pencil.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Ik ainunts kwaitēi preipīstun prei Wikiwirdeīnas kakīnslins, mazzi. Ik tū assei naws tērpautajs, dirēis en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu|Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu]]. Swarewīngis pawīstis ast pawaidīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Princīpai be instrukciōnis|Princīpai be instrukciōnis]]. [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Pīras pōrtals|Pīras pōrtals]] ast pōrtals per tērpautajans. Tenēi turri wedātajans per dīlasnan.<br>Wisāi prasīsenei mazzi būtwei izkabīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Perōnis pāusan|Perōnis pāusu]]. Per indiwiduālins pawīstins, jaīs prei stesse "Diskusiōni" pāusan. </div> <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #FABD23;">Wikimedia Fōnds</h2> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast rikaūtan ezze [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Fōnds]. Sta ast nināudiska ōrganizaciōni en Kalifōrnijai, en APW. Stan dīgi rikaūja kīrsa kittans prōjaktans. {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wt/prg]] 0cuehffi189vv5uok5s38jmwpszmibf 6699384 6699377 2025-07-01T12:39:50Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699384 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.3em 1em 0em; text-align:center;"> <div style = "font-size:x-large; text-"> Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu</div> Wikiwirdeīns ast pawīrps, redigīwingis wirdeīns. Teinū mes turrimai '''[[:Category:Wt/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/prg}}]]''' wīrdans. Wirdeīnaiː <br> [[:Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns|Prūsiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns|Ēngliskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns|Laītawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns|Lattawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns|Maskōwitiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns|Miksiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns|Pōliskas]] {| style="border:1px solid black; margin-bottom: 1em" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" | style="font: 95% Verdana; color:#c00000" align="center" bgcolor="white" |<inputbox> type=create width=50 break=no default=Wt/prg/ buttonlabel=Teīkeis pāusan preload=[[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] </inputbox> |} <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #A8D3FF;">Ka ast Wikiwirdeīns?</h2> [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast prōjaktan, kawīdan teikāi wirdeīnan be tērpaui [[Wt/prg/MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].<br> Wikiwirdeīnas licēnci ast "GFDL" be "CC BY-SA 4.0". Wisāi ēnturai en Wikiwirdeīnu turri šan licēncin. Stesse paggan wisāi pawīstis en Wikiwirdeīnu ast pawīrpai mōdificītan. Wikiwirdeīns turri wissans swītas billins, šlāits kunstiskans billins. Stēisan wirdāi turri zentlisnans, iztarīsnans, etimolōgijans, deklinaciōnins, tērpausnans, sijjusins wīrdans, btt., be bānda būtwei tulabilliskas wirdeīns, prei perwaidīnsnan prūsiskas-ēngliskas, prūsiskas-miksiskas, prūsiskas-pōliskas, prūsiskas-japāniskas, prūsiskas-kašūbiskas, tezāurus, be tūls! <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #AADDAA;">Preidāis prei Wikiwirdeīnan</h2> [[File:Line-style-icons-pencil.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Ik ainunts kwaitēi preipīstun prei Wikiwirdeīnas kakīnslins, mazzi. Ik tū assei naws tērpautajs, dirēis en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu|Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu]]. Swarewīngis pawīstis ast pawaidīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Princīpai be instrukciōnis|Princīpai be instrukciōnis]]. [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Pīras pōrtals|Pīras pōrtals]] ast pōrtals per tērpautajans. Tenēi turri wedātajans per dīlasnan.<br>Wisāi prasīsenei mazzi pastātwei dītan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Perōnis pāusan|Perōnis pāusu]]. Per indiwiduālins pawīstins, jaīs prei stesse "Diskusiōni" pāusan. </div> <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #FABD23;">Wikimedia Fōnds</h2> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast rikaūtan ezze [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Fōnds]. Sta ast nināudiska ōrganizaciōni en Kalifōrnijai, en APW. Stan dīgi rikaūja kīrsa kittans prōjaktans. {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wt/prg]] mmu3c1054t1spqf3o7r5tlodzjfe6ne 6699393 6699384 2025-07-01T12:48:21Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699393 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.3em 1em 0em; text-align:center;"> <div style = "font-size:x-large; text-"> Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu</div> Wikiwirdeīns ast pawīrps, redigīwingis wirdeīns. Teinū mes turrimai '''[[:Category:Wt/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/prg}}]]''' wīrdans. Wirdeīnaiː <br> [[:Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns|Prūsiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns|Ēngliskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns|Laītawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns|Lattawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns|Maskōwitiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns|Miksiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns|Pōliskas]] {| style="border:1px solid black; margin-bottom: 1em" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" | style="font: 95% Verdana; color:#c00000" align="center" bgcolor="white" |<inputbox> type=create width=50 break=no default=Wt/prg/ buttonlabel=Teīkeis pāusan preload=[[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] </inputbox> |} <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #A8D3FF;">Ka ast Wikiwirdeīns?</h2> [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast prōjaktan, kawīdan teikāi wirdeīnan be tērpaui [[Wt/prg/MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].<br> Wikiwirdeīnas licēnci ast "GFDL" be "CC BY-SA 4.0". Wisāi ēnturai en Wikiwirdeīnu turri šan licēncin. Stesse paggan wisāi pawīstis en Wikiwirdeīnu ast pawīrpai mōdificītan. Wikiwirdeīns turri wissans swītas billins, šlāits kunstiskans billins. Stēisan wirdāi turri zentlisnans, iztarīsnans, etimolōgijans, deklinaciōnins, tērpausnans, sijjusins wīrdans btt. Stan prōjaktan bānda būtwei tulabilliskas wirdeīns, prei perwaidīnsnan prūsiskas-ēngliskas, prūsiskas-miksiskas, prūsiskas-pōliskas, prūsiskas-japāniskas, prūsiskas-kašūbiskas, tezāurus be tūls! <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #AADDAA;">Preidāis prei Wikiwirdeīnan</h2> [[File:Line-style-icons-pencil.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wisāi mazzi preipīstun prei Wikiwirdeīnas kakīnslins. Ik tū assei naws tērpautajs, dirēis en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu|Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu]]. Swarewīngis pawīstis ast pawaidīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Princīpai be instrukciōnis|Princīpai be instrukciōnis]]. [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Pīras pōrtals|Pīras pōrtals]] ast pōrtals per tērpautajans. Tenēi turri wedātajans per dīlasnan.<br>Wisāi prasīsenei mazzi pastātwei dītan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Perōnis pāusan|Perōnis pāusu]]. Per indiwiduālins pawīstins, jaīs prei stesse "Diskusiōni" pāusan. </div> <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #FABD23;">Wikimedia Fōnds</h2> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast rikaūtan ezze [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Fōnds]. Sta ast nināudiska ōrganizaciōni en Kalifōrnijai, en APW. Stan dīgi rikaūja kīrsa kittans prōjaktans. {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wt/prg]] mrbewhu5ms1gn6qsbl8ukh77h4nteqg 6699408 6699393 2025-07-01T13:39:42Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699408 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.3em 1em 0em; text-align:center;"> <div style = "font-size:x-large; text-"> Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu</div> Wikiwirdeīns ast pawīrps, redigīwingis wirdeīns. Teinū mes turrimai '''[[:Category:Wt/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/prg}}]]''' wīrdans. Wirdeīnaiː <br> [[:Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns|Prūsiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns|Ēngliskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns|Laītawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns|Lattawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns|Maskōwitiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns|Miksiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns|Pōliskas]] | {| style="border:1px solid black; margin-bottom: 1em" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" | style="font: 95% Verdana; color:#c00000" align="center" bgcolor="white" |<inputbox> type=create width=50 break=no default=Wt/prg/ buttonlabel=Teīkeis pāusan preload=[[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] </inputbox> |} <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #A8D3FF;">Ka ast Wikiwirdeīns?</h2> [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast prōjaktan, kawīdan teikāi wirdeīnan be tērpaui [[Wt/prg/MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].<br> Wikiwirdeīnas licēnci ast "GFDL" be "CC BY-SA 4.0". Wisāi ēnturai en Wikiwirdeīnu turri šan licēncin. Stesse paggan wisāi pawīstis en Wikiwirdeīnu ast pawīrpai mōdificītan. Wikiwirdeīns turri wissans swītas billins, šlāits kunstiskans billins. Stēisan wirdāi turri zentlisnans, iztarīsnans, etimolōgijans, deklinaciōnins, tērpausnans, sijjusins wīrdans btt. Stan prōjaktan bānda būtwei tulabilliskas wirdeīns, prei perwaidīnsnan prūsiskas-ēngliskas, prūsiskas-miksiskas, prūsiskas-pōliskas, prūsiskas-japāniskas, prūsiskas-kašūbiskas, tezāurus be tūls! <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #AADDAA;">Preidāis prei Wikiwirdeīnan</h2> [[File:Line-style-icons-pencil.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wisāi mazzi preipīstun prei Wikiwirdeīnas kakīnslins. Ik tū assei naws tērpautajs, dirēis en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu|Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu]]. Swarewīngis pawīstis ast pawaidīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Princīpai be instrukciōnis|Princīpai be instrukciōnis]]. [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Pīras pōrtals|Pīras pōrtals]] ast pōrtals per tērpautajans. Tenēi turri wedātajans per dīlasnan.<br>Wisāi prasīsenei mazzi pastātwei dītan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Perōnis pāusan|Perōnis pāusu]]. Per indiwiduālins pawīstins, jaīs prei stesse "Diskusiōni" pāusan. </div> <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #FABD23;">Wikimedia Fōnds</h2> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast rikaūtan ezze [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Fōnds]. Sta ast nināudiska ōrganizaciōni en Kalifōrnijai, en APW. Stan dīgi rikaūja kīrsa kittans prōjaktans. {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wt/prg]] haplbw9v7bwi2w6ln0t9vx38ocyh4pw 6699452 6699408 2025-07-01T15:15:03Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699452 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.3em 1em 0em; text-align:center;"> <div style = "font-size:x-large; text-"> Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu</div> Wikiwirdeīns ast pawīrps, redigīwingis wirdeīns. Teinū mes turrimai '''[[:Category:Wt/prg|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/prg}}]]''' wīrdans. Wirdeīnaiː <br> [[:Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns|Prūsiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns|Ēngliskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns|Laītawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns|Lattawiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns|Maskōwitiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns|Miksiskas]] | [[:Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns|Pōliskas]] {| style="border:1px solid black; margin-bottom: 1em" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" | style="font: 95% Verdana; color:#c00000" align="center" bgcolor="white" |<inputbox> type=create width=50 break=no default=Wt/prg/ buttonlabel=Teīkeis pāusan preload=[[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] </inputbox> |} <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #A8D3FF;">Ka ast Wikiwirdeīns?</h2> [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast prōjaktan, kawīdan teikāi wirdeīnan be tērpaui [[Wt/prg/MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].<br> Wikiwirdeīnas licēnci ast "GFDL" be "CC BY-SA 4.0". Wisāi ēnturai en Wikiwirdeīnu turri šan licēncin. Stesse paggan wisāi pawīstis en Wikiwirdeīnu ast pawīrpai mōdificītan. Wikiwirdeīns turri wissans swītas billins, šlāits kunstiskans billins. Stēisan wirdāi turri zentlisnans, iztarīsnans, etimolōgijans, deklinaciōnins, tērpausnans, sijjusins wīrdans btt. Stan prōjaktan bānda būtwei tulabilliskas wirdeīns, prei perwaidīnsnan prūsiskas-ēngliskas, prūsiskas-miksiskas, prūsiskas-pōliskas, prūsiskas-japāniskas, prūsiskas-kašūbiskas, tezāurus be tūls! <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #AADDAA;">Preidāis prei Wikiwirdeīnan</h2> [[File:Line-style-icons-pencil.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wisāi mazzi preipīstun prei Wikiwirdeīnas kakīnslins. Ik tū assei naws tērpautajs, dirēis en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu|Kaīls pergūbuns en Wikiwirdeīnu]]. Swarewīngis pawīstis ast pawaidīntan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Princīpai be instrukciōnis|Princīpai be instrukciōnis]]. [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Pīras pōrtals|Pīras pōrtals]] ast pōrtals per tērpautajans. Tenēi turri wedātajans per dīlasnan.<br>Wisāi prasīsenei mazzi pastātwei dītan en [[Wt/prg/Wikiwirdeīns:Perōnis pāusan|Perōnis pāusu]]. Per indiwiduālins pawīstins, jaīs prei stesse "Diskusiōni" pāusan. </div> <div style = "padding: 0.3em 1em 0em"> <h2 style="font-size: 17px; border-bottom:2px solid #FABD23;">Wikimedia Fōnds</h2> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|x40px|left|link=]] Wikiwirdeīns ast rikaūtan ezze [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Fōnds]. Sta ast nināudiska ōrganizaciōni en Kalifōrnijai, en APW. Stan dīgi rikaūja kīrsa kittans prōjaktans. {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wt/prg]] mrbewhu5ms1gn6qsbl8ukh77h4nteqg 0 3561366 6699356 6538888 2025-07-01T12:21:21Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699356 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:Michael Lucass Dog (2838697366).jpg|thumb|sunnis]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /'sunis/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== 1. zwīrs iz sēimin ''Canidae'' === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōm. | align="center" |sunnis | align="left" |sunnei / sunnjai |- | align="center" |Gēn. | align="center" |sunnes / sunnjas | align="left" |sunnin / sunnjan |- | align="center" |Dāt. | align="center" |suņņu / sunnju | align="left" |sunnemans |- | align="center" |Akk. | align="center" |sunnin / sunnjan | align="left" |sunnins / sunnjans |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: dog * laītawiskan: šuo * lattawiskan: suns * maskōwitiskan: собака * miksiskan: Hund * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/pies|pies]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] dtcet68y7e14x1feafqa1huifx0wnn2 0 3561393 6699339 6699328 2025-07-01T12:08:52Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699339 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze Latīniskas ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /adʋʲe:nts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = Adwēnts |Nōm. tūla. = Adwēntei / Adwēntjai |Gēn. aīna. = Adwēntis |Gēn. tūla. = Adwēntin / Adwēntjan |Dāt. aīna. = Adwēnti |Dāt. tūla. = Adwēntimans |Akk. aīna. = Adwēntin / Adwēntjan |Akk. tūla. = Adwēntins / Adwēntjans |Wōk. aīna. = Adwēntu |Wōk. tūla. = Adwentus (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː Advent * laītawiskanː adventas * lattawiskanː Advents * maskōwitiskanː адвент * miksiskanː Advent * pōliskanː adwent [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] fimneqq0e5a62whq4s8kwq5ohk61c6n 6699398 6699339 2025-07-01T13:11:54Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699398 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /adʋe:nts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |Adwēnts | align="left" |Adwēntei |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |Adwēntis | align="left" |Adwēntin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |Adwēnti | align="left" |Adwēntimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |Adwēntin | align="left" |Adwēntins |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * laītawiskanː [[Wt/prg/adventas|adventas]] * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/Advents|Advents]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/адвент|адвент]] * miksiskanː [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/adwent|adwent]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] q2cop6tg8k1nszj7ggqd809xi9ne51l 6699405 6699398 2025-07-01T13:25:20Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699405 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /adʋe:nts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |Adwēnts | align="left" |Adwēntei |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |Adwēntis | align="left" |Adwēntin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |Adwēnti | align="left" |Adwēntimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |Adwēntin | align="left" |Adwēntins |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * laītawiskan: [[Wt/prg/adventas|adventas]] * lattawiskan: [[Wt/prg/Advents|Advents]] * maskōwitiskan: [[Wt/prg/адвент|адвент]] * miksiskan: [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/adwent|adwent]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] glgh750vun3o2m9wxf5r4mx38rv5eft 6699436 6699405 2025-07-01T14:42:20Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699436 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /adʋe:nts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |Adwēnts | align="left" |Adwēntei |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |Adwēntis | align="left" |Adwēntin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |Adwēnti | align="left" |Adwēntimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |Adwēntin | align="left" |Adwēntins |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans dūsins per Īzus gīmsenin. === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * laītawiskan: [[Wt/prg/adventas|adventas]] * lattawiskan: [[Wt/prg/Advents|Advents]] * maskōwitiskan: [[Wt/prg/адвент|адвент]] * miksiskan: [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/adwent|adwent]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] c4klzt7fs0k9zxfo7991z7s7k86jimw 6699438 6699436 2025-07-01T14:50:13Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699438 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /adʋe:nts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |Adwēnts | align="left" |Adwēntei |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |Adwēntis | align="left" |Adwēntin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |Adwēnti | align="left" |Adwēntimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |Adwēntin | align="left" |Adwēntins |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans dūsins per Īzus gīmsenin.'' === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * laītawiskan: [[Wt/prg/adventas|adventas]] * lattawiskan: [[Wt/prg/Advents|Advents]] * maskōwitiskan: [[Wt/prg/адвент|адвент]] * miksiskan: [[Wt/prg/Advent|Advent]] * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/adwent|adwent]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 7fu4zwfxub18ayjl3a24wyhq7eer5v8 0 3561395 6699330 6674258 2025-07-01T11:59:08Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699330 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nawaprūsiskan == [[Image:Africa map with inset.svg|thumb|Afrika]] === Etimolōgija === Ezze kittans eurōpiskans billins, ōriginālai ezze Latīniskas ''[[Wt/prg/Āfrica|Āfrica]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /afrika/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # Afrika (kōntinents kāi ast pussideiniskan stesse kōntinentan [[Wt/prg/Eurōpa|Eurōpa]]n, sirzdau [[Wt/prg/Atlāntis Ōceans|Atlāntis Ōceanan]] be [[Wt/prg/Īndijas Ōceans|Īndijas Ōceanan]]) === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = Afrika |Nōm. tūla. = Afrikas |Gēn. aīna. = Afrikas |Gēn. tūla. = Afrikan |Dāt. aīna. = Afrikai |Dāt. tūla. = Afrikamans |Akk. aīna. = Afrikan |Akk. tūla. = Afrikans |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/Africa|Africa]] * laītawiskanː Afrika * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/Āfrika|Āfrika]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/Африка|Африка]] * miksiskanː Afrika * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/Afryka|Afryka]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] kda91v81jiq2wi77cwwcbt4eaj6eyhk 6699340 6699330 2025-07-01T12:09:28Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699340 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:Africa map with inset.svg|thumb|Afrika]] === Etimolōgija === Ezze kittans eurōpiskans billins, ōriginālai ezze Latīniskas ''[[Wt/prg/Āfrica|Āfrica]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /afrika/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # Afrika (kōntinents kāi ast pussideiniskan stesse kōntinentan [[Wt/prg/Eurōpa|Eurōpa]]n, sirzdau [[Wt/prg/Atlāntis Ōceans|Atlāntis Ōceanan]] be [[Wt/prg/Īndijas Ōceans|Īndijas Ōceanan]]) === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = Afrika |Nōm. tūla. = Afrikas |Gēn. aīna. = Afrikas |Gēn. tūla. = Afrikan |Dāt. aīna. = Afrikai |Dāt. tūla. = Afrikamans |Akk. aīna. = Afrikan |Akk. tūla. = Afrikans |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/Africa|Africa]] * laītawiskanː Afrika * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/Āfrika|Āfrika]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/Африка|Африка]] * miksiskanː Afrika * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/Afryka|Afryka]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 439wngdzzuzl2ydggm1ilijn1zgcg1l 0 3561563 6699669 6696510 2025-07-02T03:42:36Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{Wp/isv/-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) jest glavny [[Wp/isv/Jezyk|jezyk]] Japoničskoj jezykovoj rodiny, na ktorom govori japonsky narod. Jezyk imaje priblizno 123 milionov govoriteljev, glavnoobrazno v [[Wp/isv/Japonija|Japoniji]], jedinoj krajině, kde on jest jezyk narodny, a takože vnutri japonskoj diaspory na cělom světu. Japoničska jezykova rodina takože vključaje Rjukjuske jezyky i različno klasifikovane jezyky Hačidžo (''{{Wp/isv/-|Hachijō}}''). Bylo mnogo pokusov grupovanja japoničskyh jezykov s drugymi jezykovymi rodinami kake sut Ainu, Avstronezijske, Koreaničske, i daže Altajske, ale ni jedna iz tutyh propozicij ne dosegla širokogo prijetja. Malo jest vědomo o prědhistoriji jezyka, ravno i o tom, kogda on je prvo pojavil se v Japoniji. Kitajske dokumenty iz 3-go stolětja našej ery imajut zapisanymi několiko japonskyh slov, jednakože značitelne Starojaponske teksty ne javjali se až do 8-go stolětja. Početkovo od perioda Hejan (794–1185), obširne volny Sino-Japonskoj leksiky sut vošli v jezyk, vlivajuče na fonologiju ranjego srědnogo japonskogo. Pozdny srědny japonsky (1185–1600) jest prěžil ekstensivne gramatične izměny i javjenje prvyh pozajetyh evropejskyh slov. Osnova standardnogo dialekta dvignula se iz regiona Kansai v region Edo (sučasno Tokio) v period rannjego sovrěmennogo japonskogo jezyka (početok 17–go stolětja - srědina 19–go stolětja). Vslěd okončanja samoizolaciji Japoniji v 1853, priliv pozajetyh slov iz Evropejskyh jezykov jest značno prirastl, i stali množiti se slova s anglijskymi korenjami. Japonsky jezyk jest aglutinativny mora-sinhronizovany jezyk s relativno prostoju fonotaktikoju, sistemoju čistyh samoglasok, dolgostju fonemičnyh samoglasok i suglasok, i leksično značimym muzykalnym akcentom. Poredok slov jest obyčno subjekt–object–glagol s česticami, ktore imajut gramatičnu funkciju slov, i strojenjem rěčenja tema–komentovanje. Na koncu rečenja koristajut se česticy-koncovky dlja iztvorenja emocijnogo ili izraznogo učinka, ili stvorjenja pytanja. Iměnniky ne imajut ni gramatičnogo čisla ni roda, takože ne sut členy. Glagoly spregajut se glavno podle vrěmen i zalogov, ale ne podle lica. Japonske pridavniky takože se spregajut. Japonsky jezyk imaje složitu sistemu učtivosti, s glagolnymi formami i slovosborom, ktore odpovědajut statusu govorečego, jego subesednika i spomnětyh osob. == Pismo == [[File:Saitama restaurant calligraphic menu.jpg|thumb|Kaligrafično menju restorana v prefekturě Saitama s koristanjem tradičnyh čislovnikov.]] Japonska sistema pisma sjedinjaje [[Wp/isv/Kitajsko pismo|kitajske hieroglify]], takože znajme kako kandzi | 漢字 | kanji | ili 'Hanjske znaky', s dvoma unikalnymi silabičnymi azbukami (moraičskimi skriptami), znajemymi spoločno kako ''kana'', izvodženymi japoncami iz vyše složityh kitajskih simbolov: ''hiragana'' (ひらがな ili 平仮名, 'proste znaky') i ''katakana'' (カタカナ ili 片仮名, 'čestične znaky'). Latinsko pisanje romadži (''rōmaji'' ローマ字) takože koristajut v pisemnom japonskom v ograničenoj podobě (napriměr, dlja pozajetyh skračenij). Sistema čislovnikov prěd vsem koristaje arabske čisla, ale takože ponekogda i tradične kitajske čislovniky. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Jezyky]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Japonija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5287}} ht4wuwjd2i5w7nltxuckrc7p9ex27rz 0 3561689 6699349 6538465 2025-07-01T12:17:16Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699349 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === # [[Wt/prg/Guddiskas|Guddiskas]] zwīrs — ezze Laītawiskas ''[[Wt/prg/gudas|gudas]]'' # [[Wt/prg/Guddiskas|Guddiskas]] adder [[Wt/prg/Pōliskas|Pōliskas]] [[Wt/prg/skrandaīnis|skrandaīnis]] — ezze ''[[Wt/prg/Gudde|Gudde]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /guds/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Guddiskas|Guddiskas]] zwīrs # [[Wt/prg/Guddiskas|Guddiskas]] adder [[Wt/prg/Pōliskas|Pōliskas]] [[Wt/prg/skrandaīnis|skrandaīnis]] === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = guds |Nōm. tūla. = guddai |Gēn. aīna. = guddas |Gēn. tūla. = guddan |Dāt. aīna. = guddu |Dāt. tūla. = guddamans |Akk. aīna. = guddan |Akk. tūla. = guddans |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː Russian man / Russian or Polish ragamuffin * laītawiskanː Rusas / Rusų arba lenkų driskius * lattawiskanː Krievis / Krievu vai poļu skrandainis * maskōwitiskanː Русский (россиянин) / Русский или польский оборванец * miksiskanː Russe / russischer oder polnischer Lump * pōliskanː Rosjanin / Rosyjski lub polski oberwaniec === Sinōnimai === # [[Wt/prg/mackālis|mackālis]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] n3u244qi4q9o0g2gerfsfy5pv6zpumx 0 3561991 6699354 6674265 2025-07-01T12:20:09Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699354 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Aupalsenis === Izeīskina en III Katekismus (Pāusan: Kö17/Tr19): <br> :13. M. L. Mixkai bhe Prūsiskai, prastans Pre- ''(Tulkausnā ēn Nawaprūsiskan: M. L. Miksiskai be Prūsiskai, prastans Pre)''<br> :21. en Prūsiskan tautan laikūts wīrst. ''(Tulkausnā ēn Nawaprūsiskan: en Prūsiskan tāutan laikāts wīrst.)'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /pruːsiskas/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Baltiskas|Baltiskas]] prūsiskan === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" |- ! !! Wīriskas !! Genniska !! Neutrāliskan |- | Nōm. aīna. || prūsiskas || prūsiska || prūsiskan |- | Nōm. tūla. || prūsiskai || prūsiskas || prūsiskai |- | Gēn. aīna. || prūsiskas || prūsiskas || prūsiskas |- | Gēn. tūla. || prūsiskan || prūsiskan || prūsiskan |- | Dāt. aīna. || prūsiskasmu || prūsiskai || prūsiskasmu |- | Dāt. tūla. || prūsiskamans || prūsiskamans || prūsiskamans |- | Akk. aīna. || prūsiskan || prūsiskan || prūsiskan |- | Akk. tūla. || prūsiskans || prūsiskans || prūsiskans |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/Baltic|Baltic]] [[Wt/prg/Prussian|Prussian]] * laītawiskanː [[Wt/prg/prūsiškas|prūsiškas]] * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/prūsisks|prūsisks]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/прусский|прусский]] * miksiskanː [[Wt/prg/prußisch|prußisch]] ([[Wt/prg/altpreßisch|altpreßisch]]) * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/pruski|pruski]] === Alternatīws wersiōni === # Glabbis (Leītawas Prūsiskas Pēra): [[Wt/prg/prūsisks|prūsisks]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] 28ebviyf3vh93fcdyqze5vbofpnxd2s 0 3562117 6699337 6538878 2025-07-01T12:07:05Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699337 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nawaprūsiskan == [[Image:African men sitting on the Piazza duca d'Aosta, Milan, in evening.jpg|thumb|afrikīnai]] === Etimolōgija === pertikka Nawaprūsiskas [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrika]] + [[Wt/prg/-īns|-īns]] ''(wīrs iz ...)'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /afriki:ns/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikas]] buwīntajs # zmūi iz [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikan]] === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = afrikīns |Nōm. tūla. = afrikīnai |Gēn. aīna. = afrikīnas |Gēn. tūla. = afrikīnan |Dāt. aīna. = afrikīnu |Dāt. tūla. = afrikinamans |Akk. aīna. = afrikīnan |Akk. tūla. = afrikīnans |Wōk. aīna. = afrikīne |Wōk. tūla. = afrikīnes (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: African (man) * laītawiskan: afrikietis * lattawiskan: afrikānis * maskōwitiskan: африканец * miksiskan: Afrikaner * pōliskan: Afrykanin [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 9j8z0c656rax2rkcrxspk5xmrmu2sek 6699344 6699337 2025-07-01T12:11:25Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699344 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:African men sitting on the Piazza duca d'Aosta, Milan, in evening.jpg|thumb|afrikīnai]] === Etimolōgija === pertikka Nawaprūsiskas [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrika]] + [[Wt/prg/-īns|-īns]] ''(wīrs iz ...)'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /afriki:ns/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikas]] buwīntajs # zmūi iz [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikan]] === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = afrikīns |Nōm. tūla. = afrikīnai |Gēn. aīna. = afrikīnas |Gēn. tūla. = afrikīnan |Dāt. aīna. = afrikīnu |Dāt. tūla. = afrikinamans |Akk. aīna. = afrikīnan |Akk. tūla. = afrikīnans |Wōk. aīna. = afrikīne |Wōk. tūla. = afrikīnes (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: African (man) * laītawiskan: afrikietis * lattawiskan: afrikānis * maskōwitiskan: африканец * miksiskan: Afrikaner * pōliskan: Afrykanin [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] ned2vxb57nhoxvy3fu6mp37s6qiswfp 0 3562118 6699336 6538890 2025-07-01T12:06:07Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699336 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nawaprūsiskan == [[Image:An African woman at Taste of Ghana Festival 2023.jpg|thumb|afrikīnines]] === Etimolōgija === pertikka Nawaprūsiskas [[Wt/prg/afrikīns|afrikīns]] + [[Wt/prg/-ini|-ini]] ''(genā iz ...)'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /afriki:nini/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikas]] buwīntaja # genā iz [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikan]] === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = afrikīnini |Nōm. tūla. = afrikīnines / afrikīninjas |Gēn. aīna. = afrikīnines / afrikīninjas |Gēn. tūla. = afrikīninin / afrikīninjan |Dāt. aīna. = afrikīninei / afrikīninjai |Dāt. tūla. = afrikīninemans |Akk. aīna. = afrikīninin / afrikīninjan |Akk. tūla. = afrikīninins / afrikīninjans |Wōk. aīna. = afrikīnini (?) |Wōk. tūla. = afrikīninis (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: African (woman) * laītawiskan: afrikietė * lattawiskan: afrikāne * maskōwitiskan: африканка * miksiskan: Afrikanerin * pōliskan: Afrykanka [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] liqolhqwgxs30wd8wcwq99vq8kwpqkp 6699343 6699336 2025-07-01T12:10:55Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699343 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:An African woman at Taste of Ghana Festival 2023.jpg|thumb|afrikīnines]] === Etimolōgija === pertikka Nawaprūsiskas [[Wt/prg/afrikīns|afrikīns]] + [[Wt/prg/-ini|-ini]] ''(genā iz ...)'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /afriki:nini/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikas]] buwīntaja # genā iz [[Wt/prg/Afrika|Afrikan]] === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = afrikīnini |Nōm. tūla. = afrikīnines / afrikīninjas |Gēn. aīna. = afrikīnines / afrikīninjas |Gēn. tūla. = afrikīninin / afrikīninjan |Dāt. aīna. = afrikīninei / afrikīninjai |Dāt. tūla. = afrikīninemans |Akk. aīna. = afrikīninin / afrikīninjan |Akk. tūla. = afrikīninins / afrikīninjans |Wōk. aīna. = afrikīnini (?) |Wōk. tūla. = afrikīninis (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: African (woman) * laītawiskan: afrikietė * lattawiskan: afrikāne * maskōwitiskan: африканка * miksiskan: Afrikanerin * pōliskan: Afrykanka [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] oob4tq5h8go0qrcr7uxcwqqxfyfj0o7 0 3562124 6699338 6671461 2025-07-01T12:08:14Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699338 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nawaprūsiskan == [[Image:Velvet shirt.jpg|thumb|aksamits]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /aksamits/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # materiālin tērpautan en rūkan tikīnsnai === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = aksamits |Nōm. tūla. = aksamita |Gēn. aīna. = aksamittas |Gēn. tūla. = aksamittan |Dāt. aīna. = aksamittu |Dāt. tūla. = aksamittamans |Akk. aīna. = aksamittan |Akk. tūla. = aksamittans |Wōk. aīna. = aksamitte |Wōk. tūla. = aksamittes (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: velvet * laītawiskan: aksomas * lattawiskan: samts * maskōwitiskan: бархат * miksiskan: Samt * pōliskan: aksamit [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 5e67t1cv5ul8lh9hv2jxjt9kodomyc1 6699345 6699338 2025-07-01T12:12:17Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699345 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:Velvet shirt.jpg|thumb|aksamits]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /aksamits/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # materiālin tērpautan en rūkan tikīnsnai === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = aksamits |Nōm. tūla. = aksamita |Gēn. aīna. = aksamittas |Gēn. tūla. = aksamittan |Dāt. aīna. = aksamittu |Dāt. tūla. = aksamittamans |Akk. aīna. = aksamittan |Akk. tūla. = aksamittans |Wōk. aīna. = aksamitte |Wōk. tūla. = aksamittes (?) |Wiss. tūla. = }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: velvet * laītawiskan: aksomas * lattawiskan: samts * maskōwitiskan: бархат * miksiskan: Samt * pōliskan: aksamit [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] dmfyc796blwcn1ncpvch42p5ah8b0ow 0 3562150 6699332 6538893 2025-07-01T12:01:36Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699332 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nawaprūsiskan == [[Image:Poland in European Union.svg|thumb|Pōli]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /po:li/ === Zentlisnā === ==== substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # tautā en dēiniskai Eurōpan === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōm. | align="center" |Pōli | align="left" |Pōlis |- | align="center" |Gēn. | align="center" |Pōlis | align="left" |Pōlin |- | align="center" |Dāt. | align="center" |Pōlai | align="left" |Pōlimans |- | align="center" |Akk. | align="center" |Pōlin | align="left" |Pōlins |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: Poland * laītawiskan: Lenkija * lattawiskan: Polija * maskōwitiskan: Польша * miksiskan: Polen * pōliskan: Polska [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 2kemkqjkwfs2ntq39s0r82z0ihidy3z 6699341 6699332 2025-07-01T12:09:54Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699341 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:Poland in European Union.svg|thumb|Pōli]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /po:li/ === Zentlisnā === ==== substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # tautā en dēiniskai Eurōpan === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōm. | align="center" |Pōli | align="left" |Pōlis |- | align="center" |Gēn. | align="center" |Pōlis | align="left" |Pōlin |- | align="center" |Dāt. | align="center" |Pōlai | align="left" |Pōlimans |- | align="center" |Akk. | align="center" |Pōlin | align="left" |Pōlins |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: Poland * laītawiskan: Lenkija * lattawiskan: Polija * maskōwitiskan: Польша * miksiskan: Polen * pōliskan: Polska [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] qwcls70wysygibj24tqxygu7fso9a7f 0 3562151 6699346 6540218 2025-07-01T12:13:45Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699346 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:FEMA - 39050 - Residents after the storm in Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|anni]] === Aupalsenis === Aupalts ēn Ēlbingas Wīrdeinan (172), kāigi „ane“ === Etimolōgija === Ezze [[Wt/prg/Sirdaaūktamiksiskan|Sirdaaūktamiksiskan]] ''[[Wt/prg/ane|ane]]'', kāi ast ezze [[Wt/prg/Wuraaūktamiksiskan|Wuraaūktamiksiskan]] ''[[Wt/prg/āno|āno]]'', kāi ast ezze [[Wt/prg/Germāniskan pirzdaubillin|Germāniskan pirzdaubillin]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /'ani/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # mūtis adder tāwas mūti === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = anni |Nōm. tūla. = annis |Gēn. aīna. = annis |Gēn. tūla. = annin |Dāt. aīna. = annei |Dāt. tūla. = annimans |Akk. aīna. = annin |Akk. tūla. = annins }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: grandmother * laītawiskan: senelė * lattawiskan: vecāmāte * maskōwitiskan: бабушка * miksiskan: Großmutter * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/babcia|babcia]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] bm952ag0jck95f9lpknyvliwblloss8 0 3562153 6699367 6540200 2025-07-01T12:26:34Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699367 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pōliskan == [[Image:FEMA - 39050 - Residents after the storm in Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|babcia]] ===Etimolōgija === Ezze ''[[Wt/prg/baba|baba]]'' be ''[[Wt/prg/-cia|-cia]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈbapʲt͡ɕa/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/anni|anni]] === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = babcia |Nōm. tūla. = babcie |Gēn. aīna. = babci |Gēn. tūla. = babć |Dāt. aīna. = babci |Dāt. tūla. = babciom |Akk. aīna. = babcię |Akk. tūla. = babcie |Ins. aīna. = babcią |Ins. tūla. = babciami |Lōk. aīna. = babci |Lōk. tūla. = babciach |Wōk. aīna. = babciu |Wōk. tūla. = babcie |Wiss. tūla. = }} [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns]] kc94ch40ro3qs8jsjn51i3dbgus4fek 0 3562154 6699364 6538903 2025-07-01T12:24:58Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699364 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ēngliskan == [[Image:Canis lupus familiaris Gdańsk.JPG|thumb|a dog]] === Iztarisnā === IPA: /dɒɡ/ === Zentlisnā === ==== substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/sunnis|sunnis]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': dogs [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] rggw7b5wzkalqrhhj7za76bjbbnnr9o 0 3566789 6699698 6553050 2025-07-02T05:46:25Z CommonsDelinker 992 Removing "Lausikula_church,_Wallis_island,_Wallis_and_Futuna_(drone_view).png", it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:ChemSim|ChemSim]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Lausikula church, Wallis island, Wallis and Futuna (drone 6699698 wikitext text/x-wiki == Te hake mai o te lotu == [[File:Mgr Bataillon.jpg|thumb|Mōseniolo Pātaio]] Ne'e hake te lotu katolika i Uvea i te ta’u 1837 pea tafoki te haha'i 'Uvea (1842) mo Futuna (1844). Ne'e liliu leva ia motu aeni e lua ko te tiosesi o Uvea mo Futuna i te ta’u 1966. Ka na’a lā te tu’u tu’a malohi a te 'u pelepitelō i te’u afifio a te hau ko Soane Patita Vaimu’a (1842) mo te hau ko Amelia Tokagahahau (1887) ke liliu 'Uvea mo Futuna ko ni motu e puipui e Falani, ne'e lagi feala ke fakalogo ‘Uvea mo Futuna ki he tahi age pule'aga matāpule o hage ko Pilitania i Toga mo Fisi pe ko Siamani mo Amelika i Ha'amoa. Ne'e liliu leva 'Uvea mo Futuna ko he faifaitaki'aga ma’uhiga ki te fa’ahiga tui mo tauhi o te lotu katolika ki te atu motu o te Pasifika, talu te maletile a Sagato Petelo Sanele i te ta’u 1841 pea iku ai mo te fakatu’u o te vikaliatu o Oseania Loto mo te seminalio i Lano Alofivai. == Te mālohi taki o te lotu == [[File:École de jeunes filles à Lano.jpg|left|thumb|Fale ako a te tamaliki fafine i Lano]] Ne'e gaue fakatahi te lotu mo te aga'ifenua pea mo te lesitā falani lolotoga te temi ae ne'e malu'i ai te 'u pule'aga hau o 'Uvea, o Alo pea mo Sigave (1887-1961) kae ne'e mamafa kehe age te lagiaki e te lotu ia te ma'uli o te kaiga 'uvea mo futuna. Ne'e tapu te fai folau vaka pea ne'e mamafa 'aupito te 'u lao mo te ‘u tū’ā ne'e fakatu'u e te kau pātele o uhiga ia mo te ma'uli. Ne'e liliu te fenua ko he teokalasia katolika i te temi aia mai tona 'alu'aga aeni ne’e nofo te pule mo mālohi taki pea mo te lotu fakatahi mo te faka’aliki. Logo lā te mālohi a te taki fakafenua pe ko te taki a 'ihi lēsita i 'ihi temi, ne'e ma'uhiga kehe age te lotu i te aga'ifenua mo te pule'aga falani o kaku ki te fakatu'u o te telituale i te ta’u 1961. == I te lākaga nei == E fakamo'oni e Falani i te vaega tolu o te tohi tālaga o te 1961 ia tana faka'apa'apa ki te 'aga'ifenua mo te lotu a te kaiga 'uvea mo futuna kehe pe ke mole fehagai ki te 'u lao o te lepupilika. Talu te 1969, ne’e tuku ai leva e te pule’aga falani te taki o te vaega ako mālalo ki te Tiosesi o ‘Uvea mo Futuna i he tohi tālaga ke taupau mo malu’i e te lotu ia te’u faleako mālalo i 'Uvea mo Futuna. I te’u ta’u 1950-1970, ne’e fakaavaava leva e te Tiosesi te kumi gaue a te kau tagata mālolohi mo ‘onātou u fāmili ki Niu Kaletonia mo Vila. I tānatou tau fenua atu ki te’u fenua matāpule aeni, ne’e tauhi nātou e ihi pelepitelō 'uvea ne'e pule pālokia ai pea nātou fakatu'u ai mo ni kautahi (Tiasolo mo te Lesio o Malia) pea mo tokoni ki te laga o ni ‘ēkelesia. I te 1972, ne'e fakanofo ai Moseniolo Lolesio Fuahea ko te 'uluaki epikopo 'uvea aia o te tiosesi. Ne'e haha’i te kau pātele mo taupo'ou 'uvea mo futuna ne'e 'olo o gaue mo fakamafola te evaselio i tu'a pule'aga. Kei mamalu te lotu katolika i 'Uvea mo Futuna kae talu te 'u ta'u 1980 mo te kua fetogi o te ma'uli fakalotu i te fenua, aki te kua mafola o 'ihi kautahi lotu fo'ou mai Niu Kaletonia mo Falani. [[Category:Wp/wls/Lotu]] [[Category:Wp/wls]] 5ms3nlmboigxodsf4sklmzep34mpxxr 3 3581041 6699382 6699233 2025-07-01T12:39:19Z Sauit 2605150 /* Translation request */ Reply 6699382 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 10:47, 15 March 2025 (UTC) == Запрос на перевод == Привет, как дела? Я хотел бы спросить, не могли бы вы перевести это на долганский: Язык глоса является созданным вспомагательным языком разработанным для международного сообщения. У этого языка есть несколько особенности: * У него есть постоянное произношение, и правописание - фонетическое. * Структура очень проста и основана на значении. * Этот язык является аналитическим языком без склонений и родов. Только немного слов занимается грамматическими отношениями. * Язык глоса, прежде всего, нейтральный и действительно международный из-за использования латинских и греческих корней использованных в международных научных словах. Спасибо [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:34, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Язык глоса? Типо Язык с названием Глоса или Язык человека по имени Глос [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:36, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Язык, называемый [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0 Глоса] [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Глоса тыл — киһинэн оӈоһуллубут көмөһөлөргө, омуктар икки ардынаагы кэпсэтэргэ аналлаак тыл. Бу тыл хас даганы уратылаак: :* Гиниэхэ саӈарыыта уларыйбат уонна суруга фонетическай. :* Суруллуута олус ама уонна һуолтатыгар туттуллар. :* Бу тыл аналитическэй эрэ һыалларга туттуллар, склоненията уонна рода һуок. Тыллар кыра эрэ чаастара грамматиканан ыаһактаналлар. :* Глоса тыл сүрүн уратыта маннык: нейтральнай уонна дьиӈнээктик омуктар икки ардынаагы кэпсэтиигэ көмөһөлөр, гириэскэй уонна латыын тыл ологторун наука тылларыгар туттуутуттан салтаан. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:48, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо большое, я создал [[Wp/dlg/Глоса тыл|статью]]. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:52, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::Спасибо вам тоже, вы очень помогаете развитию долганской Википедии! [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:53, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Не могли бы вы перевести эту же статью на [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA язык якутск]? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:54, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::Глоса тыл диэн киһинэн оҥоһуллубут көмөһөлөргө уонна омуктар икки ардынааҕы кэпсэтиилэргэ аналлаах тыл. Бу тыл хас даҕаны уратылаах: :::* Бу тыл саҥарыыта уларыйбат уонна суруга фонетическай. :::* Суруллуута олус судургу уонна суолтатыгар тутуллар. :::* Бу тыл аналитическай эрэ сыалларга туттуллар, склоненията уонна рода суох. Тыл кыра эрэ чааһа грамматическай сыһыанынан дьарыктанар. :::* Глоса тыл сүрүн уратыта маннык: нейтральнай уонна дьиҥнээхтик омуктар икки ардынааҕы кэпсэтииҕэ көмөһөлөр, гириэк уонна латыын тыл тыл олохторун билим омуктар икки ардынааҕы тылларга туттар. :::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:00, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::Спасибо большое. Я проверял Википедию на долганском, и там почти ничего нет. Я не говорю на этом языке, но я могу дать вам тексты и слова для перевода, а также могу создать шаблоны и короткие статьи. Хотите сделать это? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:06, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Хотелось бы, заранее спасибо [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:07, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это на долганский? ::::::Страна ::::::Флаг ::::::Карта ::::::Столица ::::::Биография ::::::Изображение ::::::Дата рождения ::::::Дата смерти ::::::Профессия [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:10, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::Дойду :::::::Былааг :::::::Хаарта :::::::Киин гуорат :::::::Биография :::::::Ойуу :::::::Төрөөбүт күнэ :::::::Өлбүт күнэ :::::::Үлэ (Если про человека, то-есть работа человека: киһи ''үлэтэ'') [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:12, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Оба шаблона можно увидеть [[Wp/dlg/Россия|здесь]] и [[Wp/dlg/Аксёнова Огдуо Егоровна|здесь]]. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:31, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Спасибо! Мактал! [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:33, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::* Москва́ — столица России, город федерального значения, административный центр Центрального федерального округа и центр Московской области, в состав которой не входит. ::::::::::* Город ::::::::::* Гражданская война в России ::::::::::* Гражда́нская война́ в Росси́и (ноябрь 1917/17 мая 1918 — 25 октября 1922/19 июня 1923 года) — ряд крупных вооружённых конфликтов между различными политическими, этническими, социальными группами и государственными образованиями на территории бывшей Российской империи, последовавших после Октябрьской революции 1917 года и восстания Чехословацкого корпуса в мае 1918 года. ::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:36, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::* Москва — Россия киин гуората, федеральнай һуолталаак гуорат, Киин федеральнай уокуругун уонна Москва уобалаһын, һастаабыгар киирбэтин эрээри, киин гуората :::::::::::* Гуорат :::::::::::* Россия гражданскай һэриитэ :::::::::::* Россия гражданскай һэриитэ (1917 күн түһэр ыйа/1918 тугут төрүүр ыйын 17 — 1922 буус тоӈор ыйын 25/1923 көмүөл ыйын 19) — 1917 һыллаагы Октябрь революциятыттан уонна 1918 һыллаагы Чехословакия корпуһун өрө туруутуттан һалтаан буолбут, былыр Россия Империятын һирдэригэр, араас политическэй, этническэй, социальнай уонна һудаарыстыбынай образованиялары кытта икки ардынаагы һэрии. :::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:47, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::* Страны ::::::::::::* Страны Европы ::::::::::::* Страны Азии ::::::::::::* Европа ::::::::::::* Азия ::::::::::::* Континенты ::::::::::::* География ::::::::::::* История России ::::::::::::* Города России ::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:59, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::Конечно! Огромное вам спасибо за все шаблоны :::::::::::::* Дойдулар :::::::::::::* Эуропа дойдулара :::::::::::::* Азия дойдулара :::::::::::::* Эуропа :::::::::::::* Азия :::::::::::::* Континент :::::::::::::* География :::::::::::::* Россия историята :::::::::::::* Россия гуораттара :::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:00, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::* Санкт-Петербу́рг (в 1914—1924 годах — Петрогра́д, в 1924—1991 годах — Ленингра́д; разг. Питер, СПб) — второй по численности населения город России. ::::::::::::::* Города ::::::::::::::* Наука ::::::::::::::* Великое княжество Московское ::::::::::::::* Моско́вское кня́жество, с 1363 года — Вели́кое кня́жество Моско́вское — средневековое русское княжество, возникшее по завещанию Александра Невского как удел Великого княжества Владимирского. ::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 08:07, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::* Санкт-Петербург (1914—1924 сылларга — Петроград, 1924—1991 сылларга — Ленинград; өссө СПб уонна Питер курдук биллэр) — иккис олоктоокторун аксаанынан Россия гуората. :::::::::::::::* Гуораттар :::::::::::::::* Наука :::::::::::::::* Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ :::::::::::::::* Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ, 1363 сыл иннитигэр — Москва кинээһилигэ — Александр Невскай кэриэһиттэн тэриллибит, орто үйэлэр кэмигэр баар эбит, дойду. :::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:11, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::* Рост территории Московского княжества ::::::::::::::::* Русское государство ::::::::::::::::* Ру́сское (централизо́ванное) госуда́рство — государство конца XV — начала XVIII веков, сложившееся в результате объединения северо-восточных русских княжеств в конце XV века, в эпоху правления великого князя московского Ивана III. ::::::::::::::::* Российская империя ::::::::::::::::* Росси́йская импе́рия (рус. дореф. Россійская Имперія; также Всеросси́йская импе́рия) — государство, существовавшее в период с 1721 года до Февральской революции 1917 года и провозглашения Временным правительством в сентябре того же года республики. ::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 08:22, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::* Москва кинээһилик һирдэрин элбиитэ :::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата :::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — XV бүтүүтүн — XVIII төрүтүгэр диэри баар эбит һудаарыстыба. Һудаарыстыба, Иван III тойоннообут кэмигэр, муора-алларааӈӈы ньуучча кинээһиликтэрин колбонууларын түмүгүнэн баар буолбута. :::::::::::::::::* Россия империята :::::::::::::::::* Россия империята ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-ru-dor|Россійская Имперія}}; өссүө Бүтүн Россиятаагы империя) — 1721—1917 сылларга баар эбит дойду. :::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:31, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::* Граф Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й (28 августа [9 сентября] 1828, Ясная Поляна, Тульская губерния, Российская империя — 7 [20] ноября 1910, станция Астапово, Рязанская губерния, Российская империя) — один из наиболее известных русских писателей и мыслителей, один из величайших в мире писателей‑романистов. ::::::::::::::::::* «Война́ и мир» (рус. дореф. «Война и миръ») — роман-эпопея Льва Николаевича Толстого, описывающий русское общество в эпоху войн против Наполеона в 1805—1812 годах. Эпилог романа доводит повествование до 1820 года. ::::::::::::::::::* Книга ::::::::::::::::::* Название ::::::::::::::::::* Оригинальное название ::::::::::::::::::* Изображение ::::::::::::::::::* Автор ::::::::::::::::::* Страна ::::::::::::::::::* Язык ::::::::::::::::::* Дата ::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 08:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::* Лев Николаевич Толстой (1828 ыргакта ыйын 28 [булкааһын ыйын 9], Ясная Поляна, Тула губернията, Россия империята — 1910 күн түһэр ыйын 7 [күн түһэр ыйын 20], Асталово, Рязань губернията, Россия империята) — муӈ биллэр ньуучча һуруйааччыта, аан дойду биир улуу романист-һуруйааччыта. :::::::::::::::::::* «Война и мир» ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-ru-dof|«Война и миръ»}} — Наполеон утары һэрии кэмнэги ньуучча обществотын туһунан Лев Николаевич Толстой һуруйбут романа. Роман эпилога 1920-с һылга диэри көрдөрөр. :::::::::::::::::::* Кинигэ :::::::::::::::::::* Аата :::::::::::::::::::* Оригинальнай аата :::::::::::::::::::* Ойуу :::::::::::::::::::* Ааптар :::::::::::::::::::* Дойду :::::::::::::::::::* Тыла :::::::::::::::::::* Һуруллубут күнэ :::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:48, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы заполнить шаблон [[Wp/dlg/Война и мир|здесь]]? ::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::::* Иису́с Христо́с (греч. Ἰησοῦς Χριστός) — в христианстве Бог Сын (второе лицо Святой Троицы), богочеловек и предсказанный в Ветхом Завете Мессия, ставший искупительной жертвой за грехи людей. Эпитетом Иисуса Христа стал Спаситель (Спас). ::::::::::::::::::::* Христиа́нство (греч. Χριστιανισμός, лат. Christianismus, от греч. Χριστός — Христос — «Пома́занник», «Месси́я») — мировая авраамическая монотеистическая религия, учение которой восходит к проповеди Иисуса Христа и его апостолов (переданной в Новом Завете) в Земле Израильской, и было развито отцами Церкви. ::::::::::::::::::::* Би́блия (мн. ч. греч. βιβλία от ед.ч. греч. βιβλίον — «книга»; от греч. βύβλος — «папирус»; от названия древнего финикийского города Библ) — собрание текстов, составляющих Священное Писание в иудаизме и христианстве. ::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:05, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::* Иисус Христос ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-el|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}) — христианство итэгэлигэр «Иччи-Уол» (Ытык Троица иккис һырайа), иччи-киһи уонна Ветхай Завекка, дьон аньыыларыттан һалтаан жертва буолбут, этиллибит Мессия. Спаситель (Спас) Иисус Христос эпитетынынан буолбута. :::::::::::::::::::::* Христианство ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-el|Χριστιανισμός}}, {{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Christianismus}}; Χριστός («Помазанник», «Мессия» гириэк тылтан тагыспыт) — аан дойдутаагы итэгэл, кини үөрэгэ Иисус Христос уонна апостоллар проповедьтарыттан таксар. :::::::::::::::::::::* Библия ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-el|βιβλία}} — «кинигэ») — иудаизм уонна христианство туһунан Ытык Сурук тиэкиһин комултата. :::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 09:19, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы заполнить шаблон [[Wp/dlg/Иисус Христос|здесь]]? ::::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::::::* Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский (30 октября [11 ноября] 1821, Москва — 28 января [9 февраля] 1881, Санкт-Петербург) — русский писатель, мыслитель, философ и публицист. ::::::::::::::::::::::* «Бра́тья Карама́зовы» — последний роман Ф. М. Достоевского. Роман был напечатан частями в журнале «Русский вестник». Достоевский задумывал работу как первую часть эпического романа «Житие великого грешника». Произведение было окончено в ноябре 1880 года. Писатель умер через два месяца после публикации. ::::::::::::::::::::::* Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин (26 мая [6 июня] 1799, Москва — 29 января [10 февраля] 1837, Санкт-Петербург) — русский поэт, драматург и прозаик, заложивший основы русского реалистического направления, литературный критик и теоретик литературы, историк, публицист, журналист, редактор и издатель. ::::::::::::::::::::::* «Евге́ний Оне́гин» (дореф. «Евгеній Онѣгинъ») — роман в стихах русского поэта Александра Сергеевича Пушкина, начат 9 мая 1823 года и закончен 5 октября 1831 года, одно из самых значительных произведений русской словесности. ::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:28, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::* Федор Михайлович Достоевский (1821 буус тоӈор ыйын 30 [күн түһэр ыйын 11], Москва — 1881 күн таксар ыйын 28 [үөлэс ыйын 9], Санкт-Петербург) — ньуучча һуруйааччыта, философа уонна публициста. :::::::::::::::::::::::* «Ини-биилэр Карамазовтар» — Федор Михайлович Достоевский бүтэһик романа. Роман муӈ инникитэ «Русский вестник» журналга бэчээттэммитэ. Достоевский бу романы «Житие великого грешника» романын муӈ инники чааһынан курдук оӈорбута. Роман, 1880 сылга, күн түһэр ыйыгар һуруллан бүппүтэ. Һуруйааччы һуруйбутун кэннэ, икки ый ааспытын кэннэ, өлбүтэ. :::::::::::::::::::::::* Александр Сергеевич Пушкин (1799 тугут төрүүр ыйын 26 [көмүөл ыйын 6], Москва — 1837 күн таксар ыйын 29 [үөлэс ыйын 10], Санкт-Петербург) — ньуучча реализм направлениятын олохтообут, ньуучча һуруйааччыта, драматурга уонна прозаига. Литературнай критик уонна литература теоретига, историк, публицист, журналист, эрэдээктэр уонна издатель. :::::::::::::::::::::::* «Евгений Онегин» — Александр Сергеевич Пушкин романа. Роман 1823 тугут төрүүр ыйын 9 — 1831 буус тоӈор ыйын 5, күннэргэ һуруллубута. :::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 09:46, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::::Можете ли вы заполнить [[Wp/dlg/Ини-биилэр Карамазовтар|этот]] и [[Wp/dlg/Евгений Онегин|этот]] шаблоны? ::::::::::::::::::::::::Можете ли вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Писатель ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Писатели ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Русские писатели ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Русская литература ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Литература ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Михаи́л Афана́сьевич Булга́ков (3 [15] мая 1891, Киев, Российская империя[…] — 10 марта 1940[…], Москва, СССР) — русский писатель советского периода, врач, драматург, театральный режиссёр и актёр. ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Бори́с Леони́дович Пастерна́к (имя при рождении — Бори́с Исаа́кович Постерна́к; 29 января (10 февраля) 1890, Москва, Российская империя — 30 мая 1960, Переделкино, Кунцевский район, Московская область, СССР) — русский советский поэт, писатель и переводчик. Один из крупнейших русских поэтов XX века. ::::::::::::::::::::::::* «До́ктор Жива́го» — роман Бориса Пастернака. Роман создавался в течение десяти лет, с 1945 по 1955 год, и является вершиной творчества автора как прозаика. Роман сопровождён стихами главного героя — Юрия Андреевича Живаго. ::::::::::::::::::::::::* «Царство Божие внутри вас» — научно-популярная книга Льва Толстого. Это ключевой текст для толстовских сторонников ненасилия, ненасильственного сопротивления и христианского анархистского движения. ::::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:02, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Һуруйааччы :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Һуруйааччылар :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча һуруйааччылар :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча литературата :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков (1891 тугут төрүүр ыйын 3 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 15], Киев, Россия империята — 1940 һырай һылыйар ыйын 10, Москва, ССРС) — ньуучча-һэбиэскэй һуруйааччы, эмчит, драматург, театральнай режиссер уонна өктүөр. :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Борис Леонидович Пастернак (төрүүрүгэр — Борис Исаакович Пастернак;1890 күн таксар ыйын 29 [үөлэс ыйын 10], Москва, Россия империята — 1960 тугут төрүүр ыйын 30, Переделкино, Москва уобалаһа, ССРС) — ньуучча-һэбиэскэй һуруйааччы, тулмаасчыт. XX үйэ биир муӈ бөдөӈ ньуучча һуруйааччыта. :::::::::::::::::::::::::* «Живаго Доктор» — Борис Пастернак романа. Роман уон һылы быһа һуруллубута, 1945 — 1955. Роман һүрүн дьоруойа — Юрий Андреевич Живаго һуруйбут коһооннорунан һуруллубута. :::::::::::::::::::::::::* «Царство Божие внутри нас» — Лев Толстой һуруйбут наука кинигэтэ. :::::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:16, 28 May 2025 (UTC) == Новые переводы == Можете ли вы заполнить [[Wp/dlg/Царство Божие внутри нас|этот]] и [[Wp/dlg/Живаго Доктор|этот]] шаблоны? * Мне пора идти, но я оставлю вам здесь ряд статей, которые вы сможете перевести, когда у вас будет время, вам не нужно делать все это сейчас. Большое спасибо за вашу помощь, и я постараюсь продолжать помогать вам развивать эту Википедию. ** Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов (рус. дореф. Антонъ Павловичъ Чеховъ; 17 (29) января 1860, Таганрог, Екатеринославская губерния, Российская империя — 2 (15) июля 1904, Баденвайлер, Германская империя[3][4]) — русский писатель, прозаик, драматург, публицист[5], врач, общественный деятель в сфере благотворительности[6][7][8]. ** «Дя́дя Ва́ня» — пьеса русского писателя и драматурга Антона Павловича Чехова с подзаголовком «Сцены из деревенской жизни в четырёх действиях». Окончательно завершена в 1896 году. ** А́нна Андре́евна Ахма́това (при рождении Го́ренко, по первому мужу Го́ренко-Гумилёва[11], после развода взяла псевдоним-фамилию Ахма́това[12], по второму мужу Ахма́това-Шиле́йко[13], после развода Ахма́това[14]; 11 [23] июня 1889[15][16], Одесса, Херсонская губерния — 5 марта 1966, Домодедово, Московская область) — русская и советская поэтесса[~ 1][18][19][20]. Член Союза писателей СССР (1939). Была номинирована на Нобелевскую премию по литературе (1965[21] и 1966[22]). ** «Реквием» — элегия Анны Ахматовой о страданиях людей во время Большого террора. ** Царь — один из титулов славянских монархов. ** Ива́н IV Васи́льевич, Ива́н Гро́зный[a], в постриге — Иона (25 августа 1530, село Коломенское[8] под Москвой — 18 (28) марта 1584, Москва) — государь, великий князь Московский и всея Руси с 1533 года, первый венчанный царь всея Руси (с 1547 года; кроме 1575—1576, когда «великим князем всея Руси» номинально был Симеон Бекбулатович). ** Государь, Царь и Великий Князь всея Руси ** Государь, Царь и Великий Князь всея Руси — официальный титул монарха Русского царства. ** Пётр I Алексе́евич (Пётр Вели́кий; 30 мая [9 июня] 1672, Москва — 28 января [8 февраля] 1725, Санкт-Петербург) — царь всея Руси с 1682 года, первый император Всероссийский с 1721 года. ** Никола́й II Алекса́ндрович (6 [18] мая 1868, Царское Село — 17 июля 1918, Екатеринбург) — последний император Всероссийский, царь Польский и великий князь Финляндский (20 октября [1 ноября] 1894 — 2 марта 1917) из династии Гольштейн-Готторп-Романовых. ** Русская православная церковь (РПЦ), официально известная также как Московский патриархат, является автокефальной восточно-православной христианской церковью. Имеет 194 епархии на территории России. Предстоятель РПЦ — патриарх Московский и всея Руси. ** Февра́льская револю́ция 1917 года в Росси́и — массовые антиправительственные выступления петроградских рабочих и солдат петроградского гарнизона, приведшие к свержению российской монархии и созданию Временного правительства, сосредоточившего в своих руках всю законодательную и исполнительную власть в России. Революционные события охватили период конца февраля — начала марта 1917 года (по юлианскому календарю, действовавшему в то время в России). ** Октябрьская революция — вооружённое восстание в Петрограде в октябре (ноябре по новому стилю) 1917 года, в результате которого было свергнуто Временное правительство и установлена ​​Советская власть. В историографии рассматривается либо как самостоятельное историческое событие, либо как продолжение Февральской революции. ** Революция 1917 года в России (Февральская революция и Великая Октябрьская Социалистическая революция 1917 года, Великая российская революция, Великая русская революция[1]) — условное название революционных событий, произошедших в России в 1917 году, начиная со свержения монархии во время Февральской революции, когда власть перешла к Временному правительству, которое, в свою очередь, было свергнуто в результате Октябрьской революции большевиков и их временных союзников, провозгласивших власть советов (советскую власть). ** Патриа́рх Ни́кон (мирское имя Ники́та Ми́нин (Минов)[2]; 7 [17] мая 1605[3], село Вельдеманово — 17 [27] августа 1681, Тропинская слобода, Ярославль) — московский патриарх, с 25 июля (4 августа) 1652 года по 12 (22) декабря 1666 года. Имел титул «Великого Государя». Церковные реформы патриарха Никона, которые он начал в 1650-х годах, были направлены на изменение существовавшей тогда в Русской Церкви обрядовой традиции в целях её унификации с современной греческой. Они вызвали раскол Русской церкви, что привело к возникновению старообрядчества. В 1666 году он был извержен из патриаршества и стал простым монахом[4], хотя его реформы были продолжены. ** Раско́л Ру́сской це́ркви — церковный раскол в Русской православной церкви, начавшийся в 1650-х годах в Москве. Связан с реформой патриарха Никона, направленной на внесение изменений в богослужебные книги московской печати и некоторые обряды в целях их унификации с современными греческими[1][2][3]. ** Старообря́дчество[1][2] (до указа о веротерпимости 1905 года — раско́л, раско́льничество[3]); Древлеправосла́вие (по́зднее самоназвание ряда течений[4]) — совокупность религиозных течений и организаций в русле русской православной традиции, отвергающих предпринятую в 1653—1660-х годах московским патриархом Никоном и царём Алексеем Михайловичем церковную реформу, целью которой провозглашалась унификация богослужебного чина Русской церкви[5] с Греческой церковью и, прежде всего, с Константинопольской церковью («книжная справа»). ** Ланселот Томас Хогбен (англ. Lancelot Thomas Hogben; 9 декабря 1895[1], Портсмут, Гэмпшир — 22 августа 1975[1], Рексем) — английский учёный, биолог, создатель искусственного языка Интерглосса. ** Интергло́сса (Interglossa) — международный вспомогательный язык, разработанный в 1943 году Ланселотом Хогбеном. Является предшественником языка глоса. --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:48, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Удачи, огромное спасибо за развитие Википедии на долганском языке! Барга мактал! [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:53, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Привет, если хочешь, можешь переводить эти предложения по частям, а не все сразу. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 04:56, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :::Я уже сделал про Чехова, видели? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 05:08, 30 May 2025 (UTC) ::::А, ну ладно, значит, вы сами создаете статьи. Отлично. Не могли бы вы сначала сделать последние две? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 05:10, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Я сделал две последние статьи. Вы знаете, когда заявку на мету отправлять? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:00, 30 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Если вы говорите об одобрении вики, чтобы получить свое собственное пространство, вам нужно, чтобы по крайней мере три человека работали почти ежедневно в течение как минимум трех месяцев над вики и переводили самые важные сообщения. Я проверил, и у вас даже нет запроса на вики, вы хотите, чтобы я его создал? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:05, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::Можно, заранее спасибо [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:05, 30 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Я создал его [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Dolgan здесь]. ::::::::Пожалуйста, оставьте комментарий, показывающий вашу поддержку и указывающий, что вы носитель языка, желающий создать эту энциклопедию (лучше, если вы напишете ее на английском языке). ::::::::Я также предлагаю вам попытаться найти другого человека, который сможет сотрудничать в создании статей, поскольку нам нужно, чтобы над проектом работали как минимум три человека. ::::::::Как вы [https://codelookup.toolforge.org/dlg видите], язык не включен в TranslateWiki, поэтому сначала нам нужно включить его, а затем вам нужно будет перевести сообщения, которые там появляются. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:17, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :* «Таай Баанньа» — ньуучча һуруйааччыта уонна драматурга, Антон Павлович Чехов, һуруйбут пьесата. 1896 һылга һуруллан бүппүтэ. :* Ахматова Анна Андреевна (төрүүрүгэр Анна Андреевна Горенко, маӈнайгы эрин аатынан Горенко-Гумилева, бүппүттэрин кэннэ псевдонимы ылбыта — Ахматова; 1889 көмүөл ыйын 11 [көмүөл ыйын 23], Одесса, Россия империята — 1966 һырай һылыйар ыйын 5, Домодедово, ССРС) — ньуучча уонна һэбиэскэй һуруйааччы. ССРС һуруйааччылар һойууһун чилиэнэ (1939). Нобелевскай премияга номинант (Литература, 1965 уонна 1966). :* «Реквием» — Анна Андреевна Ахматова, Улакан террор туһунан, һуруйбут элегия. :* Царь — славян монархтарын титула. :* Иван IV Васильевич, Уордаак Иван (1530 ыргакта ыйын 25, Коломенское, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — 1584 һырай һылыйар ыйын 18 [һырай һылыйар ыйын 28], Москва, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата) — государь, Москва уонна Русь улуу кинээһэ, 1547 һылтан — Русь барытын царя. :* Государь, Царь уонна Русь Улуу Кинээһэ :* Государь, Царь уонна Русь Улуу Кинээһэ — Ньуучча һаарыстыба монаргын титула. :* Петр I Алексеевич (Улуу Петр; 1672 тугут төрүүр ыйын 30 [көмүөл ыйын 9], Москва, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — 1584 күн таксар ыйын 28 [үөлэс ыйын 28], Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — 1682 һылтан Русь царя, 1721 һылтан бары Россиятаагы ырактаагы. :Пока первая пачка перевода, скоро переведу остальное [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 01:20, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо за перевод, я создал статьи. Также, когда у вас будет время, не могли бы вы перевести [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jon_Gua этот шаблон]? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 04:27, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::{{Wp/dlg/Capsa seriei :::| latitudo_capsae = 230px :::| заголовок = [[Россия историята]] :::| imago = Памятник тысячелетию России 2013 06.JPG :::| grex1 = 879–1240: Киевскай Русь :::| index1 = :::* Новгород һирэ 882–1136 :::* Полоцк кинээһилигэ 987–1397 :::* Чернигов кинээһилигэ 988–1402 :::* Владимир улуу кинээһилигэ 1093–1157 :::| grex2 = 1240–1480: Феодальнай Русь :::| index2 = :::* Новгород Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ 1136–1478 :::* Владимир Улуу кинэһһилигэ 1157–1331 :::* [[Wp/dlg/Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ|Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ]] 1263–1547 :::| grex3 = 1480–1917: Царь Россията :::| index3 = :::* [[Wp/dlg/Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата|Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата]] 1547–1721 :::* [[Wp/dlg/Россия империята|Россия империята]] 1721–1917 :::| grex4 = 1917–1923: 1917 һыллаагы революция :::| index4 = :::* Россия өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ 1917–1918 :::* [[Россия Һэбиэскэй Федератиибиниэй Һоциалистическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ|РСФСР]] 1917–1922 :::* [[Россия һудаарыстыбата (1918—1920)]] 1918–1920 :::| grex5 = 1923–1991: [[ССРС историята|ССРС]] :::| index5 = :::* [[Һэбиэскэй Һоциалистическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэлэр Һойуустара|ССРС]] 1922–1991 :::|grex6 = since 1991: Аныгы Россия :::|index6 = :::* [[Wp/dlg/Россия|Россия]] 1991–бүгүӈӈээӈӈи диэри :::| vide_etiam = :::}} [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 05:37, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::::Спасибо. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:04, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Вот есть же этот шаблон, а где его использовать? Только в статьях о государствах или там в царях тоже? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:07, 2 June 2025 (UTC) * Я разместил здесь статью, которая все еще нуждается в переводе. ** Никола́й II Алекса́ндрович (6 [18] мая 1868, Царское Село — 17 июля 1918, Екатеринбург) — последний император Всероссийский, царь Польский и великий князь Финляндский (20 октября [1 ноября] 1894 — 2 марта 1917) из династии Гольштейн-Готторп-Романовых. ** Русская православная церковь (РПЦ), официально известная также как Московский патриархат, является автокефальной восточно-православной христианской церковью. Имеет 194 епархии на территории России. Предстоятель РПЦ — патриарх Московский и всея Руси. ** Февра́льская револю́ция 1917 года в Росси́и — массовые антиправительственные выступления петроградских рабочих и солдат петроградского гарнизона, приведшие к свержению российской монархии и созданию Временного правительства, сосредоточившего в своих руках всю законодательную и исполнительную власть в России. Революционные события охватили период конца февраля — начала марта 1917 года (по юлианскому календарю, действовавшему в то время в России). ** Октябрьская революция — вооружённое восстание в Петрограде в октябре (ноябре по новому стилю) 1917 года, в результате которого было свергнуто Временное правительство и установлена ​​Советская власть. В историографии рассматривается либо как самостоятельное историческое событие, либо как продолжение Февральской революции. ** Революция 1917 года в России (Февральская революция и Великая Октябрьская Социалистическая революция 1917 года, Великая российская революция, Великая русская революция[1]) — условное название революционных событий, произошедших в России в 1917 году, начиная со свержения монархии во время Февральской революции, когда власть перешла к Временному правительству, которое, в свою очередь, было свергнуто в результате Октябрьской революции большевиков и их временных союзников, провозгласивших власть советов (советскую власть). ** Патриа́рх Ни́кон (мирское имя Ники́та Ми́нин (Минов)[2]; 7 [17] мая 1605[3], село Вельдеманово — 17 [27] августа 1681, Тропинская слобода, Ярославль) — московский патриарх, с 25 июля (4 августа) 1652 года по 12 (22) декабря 1666 года. Имел титул «Великого Государя». Церковные реформы патриарха Никона, которые он начал в 1650-х годах, были направлены на изменение существовавшей тогда в Русской Церкви обрядовой традиции в целях её унификации с современной греческой. Они вызвали раскол Русской церкви, что привело к возникновению старообрядчества. В 1666 году он был извержен из патриаршества и стал простым монахом[4], хотя его реформы были продолжены. ** Раско́л Ру́сской це́ркви — церковный раскол в Русской православной церкви, начавшийся в 1650-х годах в Москве. Связан с реформой патриарха Никона, направленной на внесение изменений в богослужебные книги московской печати и некоторые обряды в целях их унификации с современными греческими[1][2][3]. ** Старообря́дчество[1][2] (до указа о веротерпимости 1905 года — раско́л, раско́льничество[3]); Древлеправосла́вие (по́зднее самоназвание ряда течений[4]) — совокупность религиозных течений и организаций в русле русской православной традиции, отвергающих предпринятую в 1653—1660-х годах московским патриархом Никоном и царём Алексеем Михайловичем церковную реформу, целью которой провозглашалась унификация богослужебного чина Русской церкви[5] с Греческой церковью и, прежде всего, с Константинопольской церковью («книжная справа»). ** Окцидента́ль, или Интерли́нгве (Occidental, Interlingue) ([interˈliŋɡwe], [oktsidenˈtaːl]; ISO 639 ie, ile) — международный искусственный язык. Предложен в 1920-х годах Эдгаром де Валем (Эстония). В 1949 году переименован в интерлингве для устранения негативных ассоциаций, которые могло бы вызывать название «западный», а также ради планировавшегося сближения с интерлингвой-ИАЛА. ** Эдга́р де (фон) Валь (нем. Edgar de Wahl, Edgar von Wahl; 11 августа 1867 — 9 марта 1948) — создатель международного искусственного языка окциденталь (интерлингве). ** Литература на интерлингве существует с момента создания языка Эдгаром де Валем в 1922 году. Хотя в основном она состоит из оригинальных рассказов и переводов, опубликованных в центральном журнале этого языка, Cosmoglotta, также существуют полнометражные романы и поэтические антологии, в частности написанные такими авторами, как Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш и Ярослав Подобский[1]. ** Интерли́нгва (Interlingua) — международный вспомогательный язык, разработанный в 1936—1951 годах Международной ассоциацией вспомогательного языка (IALA) под руководством Александра Гоуда. Интерлингва IALA — это результат работы большого коллектива европейских и американских учёных-лингвистов. Словарный состав языка интерлингва включает в себя слова, имеющие латинские корни, а также международную лексику, взятую из итальянского, испанского, португальского, французского, английского, немецкого и русского языков. ** Ли́нгва фра́нка но́ва (сокр. ЛФН — транскрипция «элэфэн»; Lingua Franca Nova, сокр. LFN — транскрипция elefen, «новый лингва франка») — международный искусственный язык, созданный американским психологом нидерландского происхождения Джорджем Буре (George Boeree)[1] на основе лексики романских языков: французского, итальянского, испанского, португальского и каталанского языков. Грамматика языка базируется на принципах пиджинов и креольских языков. Первым оригинальным романом, опубликованным на Лингва франка нова, был La xerca per Pahoa («поиски Пахоа»), написанный Висенте Косталаго;[18] Публикация началась в 2020 году (интернет) и 2021 году (книга). --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 19:45, 31 May 2025 (UTC) *:* '''Николай II Александрович '''(1868 тугут төрүүр ыйын 6 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 18], Царское Село, Россия империята — 1918 кумаар түһэр ыйын 17, Екатеринбург, РСФСР) — Гольштейн-Готторпскай кэргэтиттэн һылдьар, Россия бүтүгэс ырактаагыта, Польша царя уонна Финляндия улуу кинээһэ. *:* '''Ньуучча православнай церковя''' (РПЦ), өссүө '''Москватаагы патриархат''' — 194 епархиялаак, Россияга гынар, автофекальной аллара-православнай христианскай церковь. РПЦ һалайааччыта — бүтүн Русь уонна Москва патриарха. *:* '''1917 һыллаагы, үөлэс ыйдаагы Россия өрөбөлүүссүйэтэ''' — Россия монархиятын ууратаппыт, массовай Петроградтаагы үлэһиттэр уонна һаллааттар дьаһалта утары выступлениялара. Ол выступленияттан һалтаан, Россия монархията һуок буолбута уонна быстаак кэмнээк дьаһалта баар буолбута. Өрөбөлүссүйүөннэй түгэннэр үөлэс ыйын бүтүүтүгэр һырай һылыйар ыйын дылы буолбута. *:* '''Өктөөп өрөбөлүүссүйэтэ''' — Петрогракка 1917 һылга буолбут, һааламмыт восстание. Ол өрөбөлүссүйэттэн һалтаан һэбиэскэй былаас туруммута. Историяграфияга самостоятельнай да, үөлэс ыйдаагы өрөбөлүүссүйэ чааһын курдук көрүнэр. *:[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 05:11, 2 June 2025 (UTC) *::'''Никон патриарх''' (кирдик аата — '''Никита Минин''' (Минов); 1605 тугут төрүүр ыйын 7 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 17], Вальдеманово, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — 1681 ыргакта ыйын 17 [ыргакта ыйын 27], Тропинскай слобода, Ярославль) — кумаар түһэр ыйын 25, 1652, караӈа кыһын ыйын 12 диэри, 1666, москватаагы патриарх. «Улуу Государь» тиитулун һүгэр этэ. 1650-с һылларга, гини церковнай реформалары һагаалыбыта, ол реформалар Ньуучча церковын быдан гириэк диэки курдук оӈороору һагаламмыттара. Ол реформалар церковь утары камсааһыны сагалаабыта уонна онуттан һалтаан раскольниктар баар буолбуттара. 1666 һылга реформалара атыттар салгаабыттарын эрээри, гинини патриархтан уурайбыттара уонна гини монах эрэ буолбута. *::'''Ньуучча церковын кайдыыта''' — 1650-с һылларга сагалааммыт, Ньуучча православнай церковыгар, церковнай кайдыыы. Никон патриарх реформаларын кытта һибээстээк. Ол реформалар богослужебнай кинигэлэргэ, бэчээккэ уонна һиэргэ-туомӈа уларытыылары киллэрбитэ. *::'''Оксиденталь''', өссүө '''Интерлингве''' (Occidental, Interlingue; [interˈliŋɡwe], [oktsidenˈtaːl]) — аан дойдуга туттуллар оӈоһуу тыл. 1920-с һылларга, Эдгар де Валь көрдөбүлүнэн баар буолбута. «Оксиденталь», 1949 һылга, «Интерлингве» диэн аакка уларыйбыта. *::'''Эдгар де''' (фон) '''Валь''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-de|Edgar de Wahl, Edgar von Wahl}}; 1867 ыргакта ыйын 11 — 1948 һырай һылыйар ыйын 9) — «Оксиденталь» (Интерлингве) оӈоһуу тылын тэрийээччитэ. *::1922-с һылтан, Интерлингве тылыгар литература баар. Литература үксүн, Cosmoglotta диэн журналга таһаарыллыбыт, оригальнай кэпсээннэртэн уонна тулмаастарыттан эрэ турар. Өссүө бу тылынан романнар уонна антологиялар һуруллубуттара, ол айымньылары үксүн Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш уонна Ярослав Подобскай һуруйбуттара. *::'''Интерлингуа тыл'''(Interlingua) — Омуктар икки ардынаагы көмөһөлөр тыллар ассоциацияларынан (IALA), 1936—1951 һылларга, оӈоһуллубут, аан дойду оӈоһуу-көмөһөлөр тыла. IALA Интерлингуата — элбэк аксааннаак Эуропа уонна Америка лингибиис-учуонайдар үлэтин түмүгэ. Интерлингуа үксүн латыын тылтан ылыллыбыт тыллартан турар, уонна өссүө, италия тылтан, испаан тылтан, португаал тылтан, боронсуус тылтан, ааӈыл тылтан, ньиэмэс тылтан уонна ньуучча тылтан ылыллыбыт, аан дойдутаагы лиэксикэттэн турар. *::'''Лингуа франка нова''' (кылг. ЛФН; Lingua Franca Nova, кылг. LFN) — Америка психологынан, Дьордь Буре тэрийбит, аан дойду оӈоһуу тыла. Тыл лиэксикэтэ роман тыллар лиэксикэтинэн тутуллубут. Тыл грамматиката пиджин уонна креол тыллар принциптарынан тутуллар. Маӈнайгы, Лингуа франка нова тылынан һуруллубут, роман — La xerca per Pahoa, Висенте Косталаго һуруллуутунан, 2020-с һылга баар буолбута. [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 01:39, 3 June 2025 (UTC) ==Просьба о помощи - Долган== Здравствуйте Sauit, Очень приятно с Вами познакомиться. Обращаюсь к Вам с просьбой -- переведите, пожалуйста, эту статью на уникальный замечательный Долганский язык. Вот текст статьи: "Иисус дьиҥнээх таҥаратын дьиэтэ" — (кимтэн да тутулуга суох) таҥара үөрэҕэ. Кытайга Пекин куоракка 1917 сыллаахха төрүттэммитэ. Протестаннар таҥараларын үөрэҕин биир салаатынан буолар. Билигин аан дойду үрдүнэн 1,5 мөлүйүөнтэн тахса итэҕэйээчилээх. Билигин баар итэҕэл сүүрээннэриттэн саамай түргэнник улаатар сүүрээн. Сүрүн салалтата билигин АХШ-тарыгар, Лос-Анжелес куоракка баар. Москватааҕы отделенията 1995 сыллаахха аһыллыбыта. 10 сүрүн принциптара: #Сибэтиэй Дух #Кириһиэнньэ #Атах сууйуута #Сибэтиэй причастие #Субуота күн #Иисус Христос #Биибилийэ #Быыһаныы #Таҥара Дьиэтэ #Бутэһиктээх быһаарыы Заранее выражаю огромную благодарность. --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 04:30, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :«Кирдик Иисус таӈара дьиэтэ» — кимтэн да тутулуга һуок христианство, протестантизм үөрэгэ. Пекин гуоракка 1917 һылга баар буолбута. Аны аан дойдуга 1,5 мөл. үгүс итэгэйээччилээк. Аны баар итэгэллэртэн, муӈ түргэн улаатар итэгэл. Һүрүн һалалтата ИАШ-ка, Лос-Андьелес гуоракка турар. Москватаагы отделение 1995 һылга тэриллибитэ. :10 һүрүн бириинсибэ: :# Ытык айыы :# Кириһиэнньэ :# Атак һууйуута :# Ытык причастие :# Субботатаагы күн :# Иисус :# Библия :# Абырааланы :# Таӈара дьиэтэ :# Бүтүгэс өйдөтүү :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 04:51, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just to let you know, I have now created the article [[Wp/dlg/Кирдик Иисус таӈара дьиэтэ|here]]. --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 11:22, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ==Thank you== [[File:Wiklesia.jpg|right|thumb|150px|link=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Sauit#Thank_you]] :::<big>'''Thank you very much'''</big> for your wonderful translation! :::It is very much appreciated. :::May Dolgan Wikipedia prosper!" :::---[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 10:36, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Can you please help translate this short verse into the Dolgan language?: «Таҥара бу аан дойдуну ол курдук таптаан, Бэйэтин Төрөппүт Соҕотох Уолун, Кинини итэҕэйэр ханнык баҕарар киһи өлбөтүн, бараммат олохтонорун туһугар, биэрбитэ». ::::FYI, if you need any help with other templates, I can help you. --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 10:50, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :::::«Таӈара бу аан дойдуну таптаан, бэйэтэ төрөппүт һоготок уолун, киниэкэ итэгэйэр эӈин-эӈин дьон өлбөтүн уонна бараммат олоктонорун туһугар, биэрдэ» [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:59, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you very very much for your help! --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 11:13, 2 June 2025 (UTC) == Новые переводы == Не могли бы вы это перевести? * Екатери́на II Алексе́евна, Екатери́на Вели́кая, урождённая Софи́я Авгу́ста Фредери́ка А́нгальт-Це́рбстская (нем. Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg; 21 апреля [2 мая] 1729, Штеттин, Пруссия — 6 ноября 1796, Зимний дворец, Санкт-Петербург, Российская империя) — Императрица и Самодержица Всероссийская (1762—1796). Племянница шведского короля Адольфа Фридриха, двоюродная племянница прусского короля Фридриха Великого. * Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев (27 января [8 февраля] 1834, Тобольск — 20 января [2 февраля] 1907, Санкт-Петербург) — русский учёный-энциклопедист: химик, физикохимик, физик, метролог, экономист, технолог, геолог, метеоролог, нефтяник, педагог, воздухоплаватель, приборостроитель. * Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский (25 апреля [7 мая] 1840, Воткинский завод, Вятская губерния — 25 октября [6 ноября] 1893, Санкт-Петербург) — русский композитор, педагог, дирижёр и музыкальный критик. * И́горь Фёдорович Страви́нский (5 [17] июня 1882, Ораниенбаум, Санкт-Петербургская губерния — 6 апреля 1971, Нью-Йорк) — русский композитор. Гражданин Франции (1934) и США (1945). Один из крупнейших представителей мировой музыкальной культуры XX века. Музыку Стравинского отличает стилистическое многообразие: в первом периоде творчества (наиболее репертуарные его сочинения) она несёт яркий отпечаток русской культурной традиции. Стилистика позднейших сочинений выдаёт, среди прочего, влияние неоклассицизма и додекафонии Новой венской школы. * Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (Сове́тский Сою́з, Сою́з ССР, аббрев. СССР) — государство в Евразии, существовавшее с 30 декабря 1922 года по 26 декабря 1991 года. * Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин (фамилия при рождении — Улья́нов; также известен под двойной фамилией Улья́нов-Ле́нин; 10 (22) апреля 1870, Симбирск, Российская империя — 21 января 1924, Большие Горки, Сухановская волость, Подольский уезд, Московская губерния, РСФСР, СССР) — российский революционер, юрист, крупный теоретик марксизма, советский политический и государственный деятель, создатель Российской социал-демократической рабочей партии (большевиков), один из организаторов и руководителей Октябрьской революции 1917 года в России, первый председатель Совета народных комиссаров РСФСР и Совета народных комиссаров СССР, создатель первого в мировой истории социалистического государства. * Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин (фамилия при рождении — Джугашви́ли груз. იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; 6 [18] декабря 1878, Гори, Тифлисская губерния, Российская империя — 5 марта 1953, Ближняя дача, село Волынское, Кунцевский район, Московская область, РСФСР, СССР) — российский революционер, советский политический, государственный, военный и партийный деятель. Фактический руководитель СССР. * Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Баку́нин (18 [30] мая 1814, село Прямухино, Новоторжский уезд, Тверская губерния, Российская империя — 19 июня [1 июля] 1876, Берн, Швейцария) — русский мыслитель и революционер из рода Бакуниных, один из теоретиков анархизма, народничества. Стоит у истоков социального анархизма. * Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв (2 марта 1931, Привольное, Медвеженский район, Северо-Кавказский край, РСФСР, СССР — 30 августа 2022, Москва, Россия) — советский и российский государственный, политический, партийный и общественный деятель. Последний Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС (1985—1991). Последний Председатель Президиума Верховного Совета СССР (1988—1989), затем первый председатель Верховного Совета СССР (1989—1990). Единственный в истории президент СССР (1990—1991). * Альфонс Матейка (9 января 1902 г. – 27 октября 1999 г.) был швейцарским специалистом по экспорту и сторонником международного вспомогательного языка. Родился в Санкт-Галлене в семье чеха и швейцарки, работал в текстильной и часовой промышленности и большую часть жизни прожил в Ла-Шо-де-Фоне. Матейка наиболее известен своей работой в международном языковом движении; сначала поддерживая Идо, а затем Окциденталь, он возглавлял многочисленные организации в этой области и написал несколько книг, обучающих этим языкам. Матейка также помог основать Центр документации и изучения международного языка. * Литература на Окциденталь существует с момента создания языка Эдгаром де Валем в 1922 году. Хотя в основном она состоит из оригинальных рассказов и переводов, опубликованных в центральном журнале этого языка, Cosmoglotta, также существуют полнометражные романы и поэтические антологии, в частности написанные такими авторами, как Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш и Ярослав Подобский. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:51, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :* '''Екатерина II Алексеевна''', өссүө '''Улуу Екатерина''' (төрүүрүгэр — София Августа Фредерика Ангальт-Цербстская; 1729 таба эмийдир ыйын 21 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 2], Штеттин, Пруссия — 1796 күн түһэр ыйын 6, Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — Ырактаагы уонна Россия бүтүн Самодержеһа. Швед коруолун, Адольф Фридрих, балыһа. Пруссия коруолун, Улуу Фридрих, һиэн балыһа. :* '''Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев''' (1834 күн таксар ыйын 27 [үөлэс ыйын 8], Тобольск, Россия империята — 1907 күн таксар ыйын 20 [үөлэс ыйын 2], Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — ньуучча учуонай-энциклопедист: хиимик, физикохимик, фиизик, метролог, экэньэмиис, технолог, геолог, метеоролог, нефтяник, учытал, воздухоплаватель, приборостроитель. :* '''Пётр Ильич Чайковский''' (1840 таба эмийдир ыйын 25 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 7], Воткинский завод, Россия империята — 1893 буус тоӈор ыйын 25 [күн түһэр ыйын 6], Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — ньуучча композитэрэ, учытал, дирижёр уонна мусукаалынай сыанабылдьыт. :* '''Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский''' (1882 көмүөл ыйын 5 [көмүөл ыйын 17], Ораниенбаум, Россия империята — 1971 таба эмийдир ыйын 6, Нью-Йорк, ИАШ) — ньуучча композитэрэ. Франция (1934) уонна ИАШ (1945) олоктоого. Аан дойду биир муӈ улакан XX үйэ музыка композитэрэ. Стравинскай музыката элбэк истиил өттүнэн уратылаак: гини творчество маӈнайгы периодыгар, гини творчествота ньуучча культурнай үгэстэрэ быдан һырдык һабыдыаллыыр. Кэнники өйтөн һуруйуулар истилиистикэтэ, Һаӈа Вена школа, неоклассицизм уонна додекафония һабыдыалын көрдөрөр. :* '''Һэбиэскэй Һоциалистическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэлэр Һойуустара''' ('''Һэбиэскэй Һойуус''', кылг. '''ССРС''') — 1922 һылтан 1991 һылга диэри, Эуразияга баар буолбут һудаарыстыба. :пока первая пачка [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 11:18, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :* '''Владимир Ильич Ленин''' (төрүүрүгэр — '''Владимир Ильич Ульянов''', өссүө Ульянов-Ленин араспаанньата биллэр; 1870 таба эмийдир ыйын 10 [таба эмийдир ыйын 22], Симбирск, Россия империята — 1924 күн таксар ыйын 21, Большие Горки, РСФСР, ССРС) — ньуучча революционера, юриһа, марксизм биир бөдөӈ теоретига, һэбиэскэй полилитическэй уонна һудаарыстыбынай һаарын, Россия социал-демократическэй үлэһиттэр партияларын (большевиктар) тэрийэччитэ, 1917 һыллаагы Өктөөп өрөбөлүүссүйэтин тэрийэччитэ, РСФСР народнай коммисар сүбэлэрин маӈнайгы һалайааччыта, аан дойду маӈнайгы социалистическэй һудаарыстыбаны тэрийэччитэ. :* '''Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин''' (төрүүрүгэр — '''Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-ka|იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი}}); 1878 караӈа кыһын ыйын 6 [караӈа кыһын ыйын 18], Гори, Россия империята — 1953 һырай һылыйар ыйын 5, Волынское, РСФСР, ССРС) — Россия революционера, һэбиэскэй политическэй, государственнай, военнай уонна партийнай һаарын. Фактическай ССРС һалайааччыта (1924—1953). :* '''Михаил Александрович Бакунин''' (1814 тугут төрүүр ыйын 18 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 30], Прямухино, Россия империята — 1876 көмүөл ыйын 19 [кумаар түһэр ыйын 1], Берн, Швейцария) — Бакуниннар кэргэттэн һылдьар, ньуучча мыслителя уонна революционера, анархизм теоретика. Социальнай анархизм биир маӈнайгы тэрийээччитэ. :* '''Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв''' (1931 һырай һылыйар ыйын 2, Привольное, РСФСР, ССРС — 2022 ыргакта ыйын, Москва, Россия) — һэбиэскэй уонна ньуучча һудаарыстыбынай, политическэй уонна общественнай һаарын. Бүтэһик ЦК ССКП генеральнай секретаря (1985—1991). Маӈнайгы уонна бүтэһик ССРС бэрэсидьиэнэ (1990—1991). :* '''Альфонс Матейка''' (1902 күн таксар ыйын 9 — 1999 буус тоӈор ыйын 27) — швейцарияттан һылдьыбыт экспорт специалиһа, аан дойду көмөлөһөр тыллар кайгааччыта. Идо уонна Окциденталь оӈоһуу тыллар өйөөбүтэ, өссүө аан дойду тыллар докумантациятын уонна үөрэтиитин центрын тэрийбитэ. :* 1922-с һылтан, Окциденталь тылыгар литература баар. Литература үксүн, Cosmoglotta диэн журналга таһаарыллыбыт, оригальнай кэпсээннэртэн уонна тулмаастарыттан эрэ турар. Өссүө бу тылынан романнар уонна антологиялар һуруллубуттара, ол айымньылары үксүн Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш уонна Ярослав Подобскай һуруйбуттара. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:03, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы это перевести? ::По словам испанского окциденталиста Висенте Косталаго, историю литературы на этом языке можно в целом разделить на четыре раздела: ::Первый период (1921—1927): ранняя литература от создания языка до переезда центрального управления языка в Вену. ::Венская эпоха (1927—1949): литература с момента переезда в Вену до смены названия языка с Окциденталь на Интерлингве. ::Период застоя (1950—1999): от смены названия Интерлингве до создания первой группы Yahoo!. ::Возрождение языка через использование интернета (1999-): Литература из первой группы Yahoo!. ::* Cosmoglotta — центральный журнал движения Окциденталь. Эдгар фон Валь основал его в 1922 году под названием Kosmoglott. С 1927 года (номер 38) журнал носит название Cosmoglotta. Это официальный журнал Interlingue-Union. ::* Висенте Косталаго — филолог, писатель, поэт, переводчик, исследователь и автор, работающий с различными искусственными языками. Он родился в Испании и изучал современные языки в Автономном университете Мадрида, а также перевод и интерпретацию в Манчестерском университете. Он писал и публиковал тексты на разных искусственных языках, в особенности на Интерлингве и Лингва франка нова ::* Ки́евская Русь, или Древнеру́сское госуда́рство, или Дре́вняя Русь — средневековое государство в Северо-Восточной Европе, первое восточнославянское государство; сформировалось в IX веке в результате объединения ряда общностей, преимущественно восточнославянских и финно-угорских племён, под властью князей династии Рюриковичей. ::* Русские княжества (XII—XVI веков) — государственные образования исторической Руси, располагавшиеся (полностью или частично) на территории современных Беларуси, России, Украины, Польши, Молдавии, Румынии, Латвии, Эстонии. ::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:47, 4 June 2025 (UTC) :::Предупреждаю что я не забил на проект, я в отъезде и вернусь в понедельник [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 09:37, 6 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Спасибо, что сообщили. Наслаждайтесь выходными. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:48, 6 June 2025 (UTC) :::* '''Cosmoglotta''' — Окциденталь тылын киин һурунаала. 1922 һылга Эдгар фон Вальынан Kosmoglott аатынан тэриллибитэ. 1927 һылтан (№38), һурунаал Cosmoglotta аатын һүгэр. Interlingue-Union тэрилтэ һүрүн һурунаала. :::* '''Висенте Косталаго''' — филолог, һуруйааччы, тулмаасчыт, учуонай уонна араас оӈоһуу тыллары кытта үлэлиир ааптар. Гини Испанияга төрөөбүтэ уонна Мадрид Автономнай университетыгар аныгы тыллары үөрэппитэ, өссүө Манчестер университетыгар интерпритацияны уонна тулмааһы үөрэппитэ. Гини тиэкистэри араас оӈоһуу тылларга һуруйбута, үксүн Интерлингве уонна Лингва франка нова тылларыгар һуруйар уонна бигэргэтэр этэ. :::* '''Киевскай Русь''', эбэтэр '''Былыргы ньуучча һудаарыстыбата''', эбэтэр '''Былыргы Русь''' — Муора-Аллара Эуропа орто үйэ һудаарыстыбата, маӈнайгы аллара славянскай һудаарыстыба. Рюриковичтэр былааһын аннытыгар, IX үйэгэ, араас славянскай уонна финно-угорскай общностар колбоһууларын түмүгүнэн, баар буолбута. :::* '''Ньуучча кинээһиликтэрэ''' (XII—XVI үйэлэргэ) — историческэй Русь һиригэр һудаарыстыбынай тэрийиилэр. Толору эбэтэр үксүн аныгы Беларусь, Россия, Украина, Польша, Молдова, Румыния, Латвия уонна Эстония һирдэригэр баар этилэр. :::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:46, 10 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Простите за задержку [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:46, 10 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Беззаботный. :::::Не могли бы вы это перевести? :::::Его первой опубликованной книгой была La xerca per Pahoa, написанная на Лингва франка нова. Эта новелла рассказывает о путешествии, которое совершает Joan, чтобы найти меч Pahoa, меч с магическими силами, который может использовать только истинный наследник королевства Линкуо. Это была первая оригинальная история, опубликованная на Лингва франка нова. Другие книги, опубликованные на этом языке, включают A, B и C. Другие книги, изданные на этом языке, включают Pensas rimada, Rancur и трилогию La Club de la Marcia. :::::Затем следующая книга была опубликована на Оксиденталь. В этом случае это был также оригинальный текст Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas. Другие книги, опубликованные на этом языке, включают Li tresor de Fluvglant, Subuqti, Li Crímines de Cnocorran и Reminiscenties. :::::В апреле 2025 года он опубликовал Euris estremeñus i sotras poemas, свою первую работу на языке Эстремадуры. Разделенная на три части, первая содержит несколько стихотворений о разных героях Эстремадуры (Эрнан Кортес, Франсиско Писарро и Инес Суарес, среди прочих); вторая часть содержит религиозные стихотворения; а третья — различные стихотворения без общей темы. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 11:04, 10 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Гини маӈнайгы бигэргэтиллибит кинигэтэ — La xerca per Pahoa, Лингва франка нова тылын һуруллубут. Бу новелла Joan, Pahoa болот булаары, барыытын туһунан кэпсиир. Pahoa — магическэй күүстээк болот, ол болоту дьиӈнээк Линкуо коруоллугун салгааччыта туттуогун һөп. Бу маӈнайгы оригинальнай Лингва франка нова тылынан бигэргиллибит өһө. Атын бу тылынан бигэргэтиллибит кинигэлэр: Pensas rimadad, Rancur уонна La Club de la Marcia трилогията. ::::::Онтон нөӈүө, гини Оксиденталь тылынан бэчээттии сагалаабыта. Ол кинигэ — эмиэ оригинальнай тиэкис — «Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas». Атын бу тылынан бигэргэтиллибит кинигэлэр, Li tresor de Fluvglant, Subuqti, Li Crímines de Cnocorran уонна Reminiscenties киллэрэллэр. ::::::2025 һылын, таба эмийдиир ыйыгар, гини Euris estremeñus i sotras poemas кинигэни бигэргэппитэ, Эстремадура тылынан һуруллубут маӈнайгы үлэтин һуруйбута. Ол кинигэ үс чааска быһыллыбыта, маӈнайгы ис коһоонугар хас даганы, араас Эстремадура дьоруойдарын туһунан, коһооннор; иккис ис коһоонугар эӈин-эӈин итэгэл туһунан коһооннор; онтон үһүс — эӈин-эӈин тиэмэлэрэ һуок коһооннор. [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 11:51, 10 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы это перевести? :::::::* Сокра́т (др.-греч. Σωκράτης; около 469 года до н. э., Афины — 399 год до н. э., Афины) — древнегреческий философ. Его учение разделило древнегреческую философию на «досократический» и «сократовский» периоды. В отличие от предшественников, которых интересовали вопросы сотворения космоса и всего сущего, Сократ стал изучать внутренний мир человека. С Сократом и его учением связаны разнообразные парадоксы. Один из них состоит в том, что нашим современникам ничего достоверно не известно о деталях учения Сократа. В то же время не вызывает сомнения «разворот» направления развития философии, который связан с именем Сократа. :::::::* Аристо́тель (др.-греч. Ἀριστοτέλης, 384—322 годы до нашей эры) — греческий философ и эрудит классического периода в Древней Греции, яркий пример «универсального человека». :::::::* Плато́н (др.-греч. Πλάτων; 428/427 или 424/423 — 348/347 до н. э.) — афинский философ классического периода Древней Греции, основатель платонической школы мысли и Академии, первого высшего учебного заведения в западном мире. :::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 17:11, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::* '''Сократ''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-grc|Σωκράτης}}; 469 б. э. и., Афиннар — 399 б. э. и., Афиннар) — былыргы гириэк философа. Гини үөрэгэ былыргы гириэк философиятын «сократ иннитэ» уонна «сократ кэннитэ» периодтарга араарыллыбыта. Гини иннинээги философтар үксүн космос уонна туок барыта үөскээбитин үөрэтэр этилэр, онтон Сократ киһи иһинээги дойдутун үөрэппитэ. Сократы кытта элбэк парадокстар һибээстээктэр. ::::::::* '''Аристотель''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-grc|Ἀριστοτέλης}}; 384 б. э. и. — 322 б. э. и.) — Былыргы Греция классическэй периодын философа, «универсальнай киһи» колобура. ::::::::* '''Платон''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-grc|Πλάτων}}; 428/427 б. э. и. эбэтэр 424/423 б. э. и. — 348/347 б. э. и.) — Былыргы Греция классическэй периодын философа, платоническэй һанаа ускуолатын уонна академиятын, һаапат маӈнайгы үрдүк таһымнаак ускуола тэрийээччитэ. ::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 03:26, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Простите, просто явно в основном занимался якутской Википедией и переводом на translatewiki, так что я не успел перевести то, что вы написали. Я точно помню что-то было, вы подумали мне это неинтересно? Или я в чем-то путаюсь [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 13:47, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::И еще, я вроде бы перевел Most important messages, но это не 13%, поэтому я перевел немного чтобы было 13%, вы знаете когда примерно можно будет использовать долганский язык для интерфейса [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 14:03, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::* Бенеди́кт Спино́за (лат. Benedictus de Spinoza, исп. Baruj Espinosa — при рождении Бару́х Спино́за, ивр. ברוך שפינוזה‎; 24 ноября 1632, Амстердам, Королевство Нидерланды — 21 февраля 1677, Гаага, Королевство Нидерланды) — нидерландский философ-рационалист и натуралист еврейского происхождения, один из главных представителей философии Нового времени. Большинство работ написано на латинском языке. Считается первым, кто описал рамки мировоззрения пантеизма. :::::::::::* Го́тфрид Ви́льгельм Ле́йбниц (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz или нем. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz; 21 июня (1 июля) 1646 — 14 ноября 1716) — немецкий философ, логик, математик, механик, физик, юрист, историк, дипломат, изобретатель и языковед. Основатель и первый президент Берлинской академии наук, член Лондонского королевского общества (1673), иностранный член Французской академии наук. :::::::::::* Рене́ Дека́рт (фр. René Descartes, латинизированное имя: Renatus Cartesius; 31 марта 1596, Лаэ (ныне Декарт), Королевство Франция — 11 февраля 1650, Стокгольм, Королевство Швеция) — французский философ, математик и естествоиспытатель; один из основоположников философии Нового времени, создатель аналитической геометрии, одна из ключевых фигур научной революции. :::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 15:25, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::* '''Бенедикт Спиноза''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Benedictus de Spinoza}}, төрүүрүгэр — '''Барух Спиноза''', {{Wp/dlg/Lang-he|ברוך שפינוזה}}; 1632 күн түһэр ыйын 24, Амстердам, Нидерландар Коруоллуга — 1677 үөлэс ыйын 21, Гаага, Нидерландалар Коруоллуга) — дьэбириэй төрүттээк, философ-рационалист уонна натурлист, Һаӈа кэм философиятын биир бөдөӈ кыттыылаага. Гини үлэлэрин, үксүн, латыын тылынан һуруйар этэ. Пантеизм мировоззрениятын маӈнайгы ойууһута. ::::::::::::* '''Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-de|Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz}}; 1646 көмүөл ыйын 21 [кумаар түһэр ыйын 1], Лейпциг — 1716 күн түһэр ыйын 14, Ганновер) — ньиэмэс филоһофа, логика, математика, мэхээникэ, фиизикэ, юриһэ, историга, дипломата, изобретателя уонна языковеда. Берлин наукалар академиятын тэрийээччитэ уонна маӈнайгы бэрэсидьиэнэ. ::::::::::::* '''Рене Декарт''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-fr|René Descartes}}, латыннаммыт аата — {{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Renatus Cartesius}}; 1596 һырай һылыйар ыйын 31, Лаэ, Быраансыйа Коруоллуга — 1650 үөлэс ыйын 11, Стокгольм, Һибиэссийэ Коруоллуга) — боронсуус философа, математика уонна естествоиспытателя; Һаӈа кэм философиятын биир бөдөӈ киһитэ, аналитическэй геометрия төрүттээччитэ, научнай өрөбөлүүссүйэ биир бөдөӈ киһитэ. ::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 03:28, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Спасибо. Есть ли какие-то статьи, перевод которых был бы вам более интересен? Может быть, из [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85 этого] списка? == Новые переводы == Не могли бы вы это перевести? * Уэнди Эшби(1950-2015) была британским лингвистом и соавтором сконструированного международного вспомогательного языка Глоса, который она разработала в сотрудничестве с Роном Кларком. Она известна своим вкладом в упрощенные, культурно нейтральные системы общения и своими усилиями по продвижению Glosa как образовательного и международного средства. * Рональд Чарльз Кларк (28 апреля 1914 г. – 12 июня 2000 г.) был британским биологом, лингвистом и педагогом, наиболее известным по своей роли в разработке и продвижении Глоса, упрощенного международного вспомогательного языка, полученного из Интерглосса, изначально созданного Ланселотом Хогбеном. Позднее сотрудничество Кларка с Уэнди Эшби сыграло центральную роль в превращении Glosa в практичный и доступный инструмент для международного общения и образования. * Попробовав разные искусственные языки, он в конце концов решил писать только на Глосе, так как обнаружил, что это самый простой и удобный язык для международного общения. * Лао-цзы (Мудрый Старец; кит. 老子, пиньинь Lǎo Zǐ, VI век до н. э.) — древнекитайский философ VI-V веков до н. э., которому приписывается авторство классического даосского философского трактата «Дао дэ цзин». В рамках современной исторической науки историчность Лао-цзы подвергается сомнению, тем не менее в научной литературе он часто всё равно определяется как основоположник даосизма[2]. В религиозно-философском учении большинства даосских школ Лао-цзы традиционно почитается как божество — один из Трёх Чистых. * Конфу́ций (кит. 孔子, пиньинь Kǒngzǐ, палл. Кун-цзы, Чжэнчжан: [*kʰloːŋʔ ʔslɯʔ]; реже — кит. 孔夫子, пиньинь Kǒngfūzǐ, палл. Кун Фу-цзы, Чжэнчжан: [*kʰloːŋʔ pa ʔslɯʔ]; латинизировано как Confucius[1]; собственные имена 孔丘 Кун Цю и 孔仲尼 Кун Чжунни [2], ок. 551 до н. э., близ Цюйфу — 479 до н. э., Цюйфу[3]) — древний мыслитель и философ Китая. Его учение оказало глубокое влияние на жизнь Китая и Восточной Азии, став основой философской системы, известной как конфуцианство. * Лю́двиг Йо́зеф Иога́нн Витгенште́йн (нем. Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (немецкий: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈjoːzɛf 'joːhan ˈvɪtɡn̩ʃtaɪn]); 26 апреля 1889, Вена, Австро-Венгрия — 29 апреля 1951, Кембридж, Великобритания) — австрийско-британский философ, работавший в основном в области логики, философии математики, философии разума и философии языка[4]. Считается одним из величайших философов XX века[5][6]. Спасибо --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:10, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :* '''Уэнди Эшби''' (1950—2015) — ааӈыл лингибииһэ уонна, Рон Кларктын кытта, аан дойду көмөлөһөр Глоса тылын тэрийээччитэ. :* '''Рональд Чарльз Кларк''' (1914 таба эмийдир ыйын 28 — 2000 көмүөл ыйын 12) — ааӈыл биолога, лингибииһэ уонна учытала. Глоса тылын, Интерглосса тылтан таксыбыт оӈоһуу тылы, тэрийиитигэр уонна таргатыытыгар улакан руолу ылбытынан биллиини ылбыта. Онтон Уэнди Эшби кытта Глоса тыл, омуктар ыккардынаагы кэпсэтэргэ уонна үөрэк секторыгарга, туттуллар тыл буолаары үлэлэспиттэрэ. :* '''Лао-цзы''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-zh|老子}} — Lǎo Zǐ; VI б. э. и. үйэ) — VI—V б. э. и. үйэлэтээги, былыргы Кытай философа, гиниэкэ «Дао де цзин» классическэй даос философскай трактатын ааптара. :* '''Конфуций''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-zh|孔子}} — Kǒngzǐ, {{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Confucius}}; 551 б. э. и., Цюйфу аттытыгар — 479 б. э. и., Цюйфу) — былыргы Кытай мыслителя уонна философа. Кини үөрэгэ Кытайга уонна Аллара Азияга улаканнык һабардамнаабыта, конфуцианство философскай систематын төрүтүнэн буолан. :* '''Людвиг Йозеф Иоганн Витгенштейн''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-de|Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein}}; 1889 таба эмийдир ыйын 26, Вена, Австро-Венгрия — 1951 таба эмийдир ыйын 29, Кембридь, Улакан Британия) — австро-бритаан, логика, математика философиятыгар, өй-һанаа философиятыгар уонна тыл философиятын үксүн өттүтүгэр үлэлээбит, философа. XX үйэ биир муӈ бөдөӈ философа. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 15:50, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 16:26, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::Вы разбираетесь в шаблонах? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:51, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Более или менее, я могу создавать простые. Хотите что-нибудь новое? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:57, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Мне бы хотелось сделать как в [https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata%20prinzipala Wikipedia ladina], эту «галерею» или «карусель» статей, но у меня не получилось, хотя я все скопировал и даже перевел: ([[Template:Wp/dlg/Main page/Һырайдар каруселляра]] [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:00, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::главная страница в этой Википедии довольно сложная, и я бы предложил иметь еще одну, пока энциклопедия находится в инкубаторе. Однако, если вы все еще предпочитаете эту, я постараюсь сделать все возможное, чтобы создать ее. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:38, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ладно, давайте попробуем сделать вторую заглавную страницу, посмотрим какая лучше, если что стиль попытаюсь переделать [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:48, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Я создам разные главные страницы, а затем вы выберете ту, которая вам больше нравится. Но мне понадобится время, чтобы сделать это, потому что я занят несколькими проектами, которые я делаю одновременно. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:51, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Хорошо, заранее спасибо [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:52, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Oh, I noticed that you don't understand Russian, should I switch to English? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:53, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Oh, great, thanks. I have being using Google Translate all this time to try to help you to the best of my ability because my Russian is basically Zdravsvuytye and Paka xd. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:57, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::[[Wp/dlg/Һүрүн һырай|As you can see]], I succeeded, I don’t know how, but this is a different template [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 04:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::Wow, congratulations. Sorry for not have been able to help with that... It looks great, and thanks for putting Cosmoglotta there :) [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 05:31, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Translation request == Hi, could you please translate this? * Грамматика * Глоса — это аналитический, почти изолирующий язык, не использующий окончаний, суффиксов или приставок. Грамматические значения выражаются порядком слов в предложении и служебными словами. * Словообразование осуществляется при помощи словосложения или конверсии. Многие слова в глосе могут выступать в качестве различных частей речи, насколько позволяет их значение и здравый смысл (например, difere отличаться, отличающийся, отличие). * Порядок слов в глосе жёсткий: подлежащее — сказуемое — косвенное дополнение — прямое дополнение. * Определение стоит, как правило, перед определяемым. Thanks. --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:27, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :* Грамматика :* Глоса тыла — һыһыалыылары туттубат, изолирующай курдук тыл. Грамматическэй һуолталар тыллар бэрээдэктэринэн уонна анал тыллар туттуутунан бэлиэтэнэр. :* Глоса тылыгар тыллар эбиилэринэн уонна конверсияттан үөскүүллэр. Глоса тылыгар үгүс тыл атын-атын һаӈа чаас буолуон һөптөр (Колобур: difere уларыйыы, уларыйар, уларый). :* Глоса тыл этии чилиэннэрэ һуостаак бэрээдэктээк: туһаан — туоктуур — косвеннай толоруу — көнө толоруу. :* Быһаарыы, үксүн, быһаарыллар тыл иннитигэр турар. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:49, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks, could you please translate this? ::* Articles ::* Nouns ::* Adjectives ::* Adverbs ::* Numbers ::* Ordinals ::* Verbs ::* Interrogatives ::* Relative pronouns ::* Demonstrative pronouns ::* Inflection of adjectives and adverbs ::* Word order and accentuation ::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 05:54, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::* Һырайдар :::* Аат тыллар :::* Дагааһын ааттар :::* Һыһыаттар :::* Аксаан ааттар :::* Туоктуурдар :::* Ыйытыылар :::* Һолбуйар ааттар :::* Ыйар һолбуйар ааттар :::* Дагааһын ааттар уонна һыһыаттар склонениялара :::* Тыллар бэрээдэктэрэ уонна ударение :::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:37, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::::ARTICLES ::::un a, an (indefinite article, without any change in gender of number): un libro a book, un femina a woman, un infante a child. le the (definite article, without any change in gender or number, like in English): le libro, le infante, le casa. In plural: le libros the books, le infantes the children, le casas the houses. ::::NOUNS ::::-s/-es makes the plural:-s is used after a vowel: un auto, multe autos a car, many cars-es is used after a consonant: un nation [natsiånn] a nation, le Nationes Unite The United Nations (UN). ::::ADJECTIVES ::::Adjectives are not declined in gender or number: Un bon libro a good book, bon libros good books, un femina intelligente an intelligent woman, feminas intelligente intelligent women. Adjectives are normally placed after nouns. Short and frequently used adjectives can, however, be placed before. ::::ADVERBS ::::-mente (in English: -ly) is the ending for adverbs based on adjectives: un auto rapide a fast car, le auto va rapidemente the car goes fast. Adjectives ending in -ic use -amente: practic – practicamente, energic – energicamente, specific – specificamente ::::• There are a few, short adverbs, often ending in -o: ben well, mal bad, poco little, multo very, solo only. ::::• Some frequent adverbs for time, space, etc., are: hodie today, deman tomorrow, tosto soon, ora now, ci here, foras outside, forsan maybe. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 11:19, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::::АРТИКЛЬДАР :::::''un'' (неопределеннай артикль, родтара эбэтэр аксаана уларыйбат артикльа): ''un libro'' — кинигэ, ''un femina'' — дьактар, ''un infante'' — ого. ''le'' (определеннай артикль, рода эбэтэр аксаана уларыйбат артикльа): ''le libro(s)'' — кинигэ(лэр), ''le infante(s)'' — ого(лор), ''le casa(s)'' — дьиэ(лэр). :::::ААТ ТЫЛЛАР :::::''-s/-es'' һыһыарыылар үгүс аксааннаак тыллары үөскэтэллэр: ''-s'' аһагас доргоон кэнниттэн туттуллар: ''un auto'', ''multe autos'' — биир массыына, массыыналар; ''-es'' бүтэй доргоон кэнниттэн туттуллар: ''un nation'' — нация, ''le Nationes Unite'' — Илбэлэммит Нациялар Тэриллэрэ (ИНТ). :::::ДАГААҺЫН ААТТАР :::::Дагааһын ааттар родтарынан уонна аксааннарынан уларыйбаттар: ''un bon libro'' — үчүгэй кинигэ, ''bon libros'' — үчүгэй кинигэлэр, ''un femina intelligente'' — өйдөөк дьактар, ''feminas intelligente'' — өйдөөк дьакталлар. Дагааһын ааттар үксүн аат тыллар кэнниттэринэн тураллар, ол эрээри кылгас уонна үгүс туттуллар дагааһын ааттар аат тыллар иннилэригэр туруоктарын һин. :::::ҺЫҺЫАТТАР :::::''-mente'' (долган тылыгар: -ник, -нык уо. д. а.) — һыһыаттар һыһыарыылара: ''un auto rapide'' — түргэн массыына, ''le auto va rapidemente'' — массыына түргэнник айанныыр. ''-ic'' һыһыарыынан бүтэр дагааһын ааттар, ''-amente'' һыһыарыыны тутталлар: ''practic'' – ''practicamente'', ''energic'' – ''energicamente'', ''specific'' – ''specificamente''. :::::* Кыра һыһыаттар үксүн ''-o''-нан бүтэллэр: ''poco'' — кыра, ''multo'' — олус (бэрт), ''solo'' — ирэ. :::::* Миэстэни, бириэмэни уо. д. а. көрдөрөр, үгүс туттуллар һыһыаттар: ''hodie'' — бүгүн, ''deman'' — һарсын, ''tosto'' — һотору, ''ora'' — билигин, ''ci'' — манна, ''foras'' — таһырдьа, ''forsan'' — багар. :::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 12:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thanks, here is the next one: ::::::Demonstrative pronouns are never declined. iste this, these. ille that/those: vole tu iste tassa o ille? do you want this cup of that (one)? When used independently, they are declined in singular/plural, used as personal pronouns: interlingua es comprensibile per milliones, sin que istes lo ha studiate interlingua is understable for millions, without these having studied it, ille amava historias – istos esseva parve reportos con photos he loved stories – these were small reports with photos. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 13:08, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ыйар һолбуйар ааттар каһан даганы родтарынан уонна аксааннарынан уларыйбаттар. ''iste'' — ити. ''ille'' — ол: ''vole tu iste tassa o ille?'' — ол чаасканы багарагын? Бэйэлэрэ, гинилэр үгүс уонна биир аксааӈӈа уларыйаллар уонна киһи һолбуйар аата буолар: ''interlingua es comprensibile per milliones, sin que istes lo ha studiate'' интерлингуа тыла, үөрэппэтэккинэ даганы, мөлүйүөннэргэ өйдөнөр. [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 15:17, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::* qui [ki] who/which (as a subject, about persons): le damas qui canta es famose the ladies, who sing, are famous. ::::::::* que [ke] which/that (all other cases): le libro que io lege es bon the book, which I read, is good, le senior que tu videva mangia ora the gentleman, that you saw, is eating now, le machina con que ille labora es german the machine he works with is German. ::::::::* le qual (in singular) which/that: le casa vetere, le qual esseva renovate, es micre the old house, which was renovated, is small. ::::::::* le quales (in plural) which/that: le paises, in le quales on desira usar le medicina, debe acceptar lo the countries, in which you wish to use the medicine, have to accept it. ::::::::* lo que what (about an entire phrase): le patre non sape ancora lo que su filio ha facite the father still does not know what his son has done. ::::::::* cuje whose: un anglese, cuje nomine es un secreto, parla in le radio an Englishman, whose name is a secret, talks on the radio. ::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::::::* ''qui'' [ki] ким/каһыс (дьон туһунан): ''le damas qui canta es famose'' — ыллыыр дьакталлар, биллиилээктэр. :::::::::* ''que'' [ke] каһыс/ол (атын тиһиктэринэн): ''le libro que io lege es bon'' — мин аагар кинигэм үчүгэй, ''que tu videva mangia ora'' — эн көрбүт дьентельмеенын аһыыр, ''e machina con que ille labora es'' — ньиэмэс үлэлиир массыыната — ньиэмэс. :::::::::* ''la qual'' (биир аксааӈнаак) каһыс/ол: ''le casa vetere, le qual esseva renovate, es'' — ремуоннаммыт эргэ дьиэ — кыра. :::::::::* ''la quales'' (үгүс аксааӈнаак) каһыс/ол: ''le paises, in le quales on desira usar le medicina, debe acceptar lo''. :::::::::* ''lo que'' туок (толору өс туһунан): ''le patre non sape ancora lo que su filio ha facite'' — уол ого агата, гини тугу гыммытын, билигин даганы билбэт. :::::::::* ''cuje'' кимиэнэ: ''un anglese, cuje nomine es un secreto, parla in le radio'' — аата биллибэт ааӈылычаанын араадьыйага һаӈарар. :::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 12:39, 1 July 2025 (UTC) llcxpw0zjlbxg85tz2lxxkp8bk5zxuv 6699392 6699382 2025-07-01T12:47:22Z Jon Gua 2593212 /* Translation request */ Reply 6699392 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 10:47, 15 March 2025 (UTC) == Запрос на перевод == Привет, как дела? Я хотел бы спросить, не могли бы вы перевести это на долганский: Язык глоса является созданным вспомагательным языком разработанным для международного сообщения. У этого языка есть несколько особенности: * У него есть постоянное произношение, и правописание - фонетическое. * Структура очень проста и основана на значении. * Этот язык является аналитическим языком без склонений и родов. Только немного слов занимается грамматическими отношениями. * Язык глоса, прежде всего, нейтральный и действительно международный из-за использования латинских и греческих корней использованных в международных научных словах. Спасибо [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:34, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Язык глоса? Типо Язык с названием Глоса или Язык человека по имени Глос [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:36, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Язык, называемый [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0 Глоса] [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Глоса тыл — киһинэн оӈоһуллубут көмөһөлөргө, омуктар икки ардынаагы кэпсэтэргэ аналлаак тыл. Бу тыл хас даганы уратылаак: :* Гиниэхэ саӈарыыта уларыйбат уонна суруга фонетическай. :* Суруллуута олус ама уонна һуолтатыгар туттуллар. :* Бу тыл аналитическэй эрэ һыалларга туттуллар, склоненията уонна рода һуок. Тыллар кыра эрэ чаастара грамматиканан ыаһактаналлар. :* Глоса тыл сүрүн уратыта маннык: нейтральнай уонна дьиӈнээктик омуктар икки ардынаагы кэпсэтиигэ көмөһөлөр, гириэскэй уонна латыын тыл ологторун наука тылларыгар туттуутуттан салтаан. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:48, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо большое, я создал [[Wp/dlg/Глоса тыл|статью]]. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:52, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::Спасибо вам тоже, вы очень помогаете развитию долганской Википедии! [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:53, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Не могли бы вы перевести эту же статью на [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA язык якутск]? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:54, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::Глоса тыл диэн киһинэн оҥоһуллубут көмөһөлөргө уонна омуктар икки ардынааҕы кэпсэтиилэргэ аналлаах тыл. Бу тыл хас даҕаны уратылаах: :::* Бу тыл саҥарыыта уларыйбат уонна суруга фонетическай. :::* Суруллуута олус судургу уонна суолтатыгар тутуллар. :::* Бу тыл аналитическай эрэ сыалларга туттуллар, склоненията уонна рода суох. Тыл кыра эрэ чааһа грамматическай сыһыанынан дьарыктанар. :::* Глоса тыл сүрүн уратыта маннык: нейтральнай уонна дьиҥнээхтик омуктар икки ардынааҕы кэпсэтииҕэ көмөһөлөр, гириэк уонна латыын тыл тыл олохторун билим омуктар икки ардынааҕы тылларга туттар. :::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:00, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::Спасибо большое. Я проверял Википедию на долганском, и там почти ничего нет. Я не говорю на этом языке, но я могу дать вам тексты и слова для перевода, а также могу создать шаблоны и короткие статьи. Хотите сделать это? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:06, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Хотелось бы, заранее спасибо [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:07, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это на долганский? ::::::Страна ::::::Флаг ::::::Карта ::::::Столица ::::::Биография ::::::Изображение ::::::Дата рождения ::::::Дата смерти ::::::Профессия [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:10, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::Дойду :::::::Былааг :::::::Хаарта :::::::Киин гуорат :::::::Биография :::::::Ойуу :::::::Төрөөбүт күнэ :::::::Өлбүт күнэ :::::::Үлэ (Если про человека, то-есть работа человека: киһи ''үлэтэ'') [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:12, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Оба шаблона можно увидеть [[Wp/dlg/Россия|здесь]] и [[Wp/dlg/Аксёнова Огдуо Егоровна|здесь]]. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:31, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Спасибо! Мактал! [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:33, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::* Москва́ — столица России, город федерального значения, административный центр Центрального федерального округа и центр Московской области, в состав которой не входит. ::::::::::* Город ::::::::::* Гражданская война в России ::::::::::* Гражда́нская война́ в Росси́и (ноябрь 1917/17 мая 1918 — 25 октября 1922/19 июня 1923 года) — ряд крупных вооружённых конфликтов между различными политическими, этническими, социальными группами и государственными образованиями на территории бывшей Российской империи, последовавших после Октябрьской революции 1917 года и восстания Чехословацкого корпуса в мае 1918 года. ::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:36, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::* Москва — Россия киин гуората, федеральнай һуолталаак гуорат, Киин федеральнай уокуругун уонна Москва уобалаһын, һастаабыгар киирбэтин эрээри, киин гуората :::::::::::* Гуорат :::::::::::* Россия гражданскай һэриитэ :::::::::::* Россия гражданскай һэриитэ (1917 күн түһэр ыйа/1918 тугут төрүүр ыйын 17 — 1922 буус тоӈор ыйын 25/1923 көмүөл ыйын 19) — 1917 һыллаагы Октябрь революциятыттан уонна 1918 һыллаагы Чехословакия корпуһун өрө туруутуттан һалтаан буолбут, былыр Россия Империятын һирдэригэр, араас политическэй, этническэй, социальнай уонна һудаарыстыбынай образованиялары кытта икки ардынаагы һэрии. :::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:47, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::* Страны ::::::::::::* Страны Европы ::::::::::::* Страны Азии ::::::::::::* Европа ::::::::::::* Азия ::::::::::::* Континенты ::::::::::::* География ::::::::::::* История России ::::::::::::* Города России ::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:59, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::Конечно! Огромное вам спасибо за все шаблоны :::::::::::::* Дойдулар :::::::::::::* Эуропа дойдулара :::::::::::::* Азия дойдулара :::::::::::::* Эуропа :::::::::::::* Азия :::::::::::::* Континент :::::::::::::* География :::::::::::::* Россия историята :::::::::::::* Россия гуораттара :::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:00, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::* Санкт-Петербу́рг (в 1914—1924 годах — Петрогра́д, в 1924—1991 годах — Ленингра́д; разг. Питер, СПб) — второй по численности населения город России. ::::::::::::::* Города ::::::::::::::* Наука ::::::::::::::* Великое княжество Московское ::::::::::::::* Моско́вское кня́жество, с 1363 года — Вели́кое кня́жество Моско́вское — средневековое русское княжество, возникшее по завещанию Александра Невского как удел Великого княжества Владимирского. ::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 08:07, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::* Санкт-Петербург (1914—1924 сылларга — Петроград, 1924—1991 сылларга — Ленинград; өссө СПб уонна Питер курдук биллэр) — иккис олоктоокторун аксаанынан Россия гуората. :::::::::::::::* Гуораттар :::::::::::::::* Наука :::::::::::::::* Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ :::::::::::::::* Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ, 1363 сыл иннитигэр — Москва кинээһилигэ — Александр Невскай кэриэһиттэн тэриллибит, орто үйэлэр кэмигэр баар эбит, дойду. :::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:11, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::* Рост территории Московского княжества ::::::::::::::::* Русское государство ::::::::::::::::* Ру́сское (централизо́ванное) госуда́рство — государство конца XV — начала XVIII веков, сложившееся в результате объединения северо-восточных русских княжеств в конце XV века, в эпоху правления великого князя московского Ивана III. ::::::::::::::::* Российская империя ::::::::::::::::* Росси́йская импе́рия (рус. дореф. Россійская Имперія; также Всеросси́йская импе́рия) — государство, существовавшее в период с 1721 года до Февральской революции 1917 года и провозглашения Временным правительством в сентябре того же года республики. ::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 08:22, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::* Москва кинээһилик һирдэрин элбиитэ :::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата :::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — XV бүтүүтүн — XVIII төрүтүгэр диэри баар эбит һудаарыстыба. Һудаарыстыба, Иван III тойоннообут кэмигэр, муора-алларааӈӈы ньуучча кинээһиликтэрин колбонууларын түмүгүнэн баар буолбута. :::::::::::::::::* Россия империята :::::::::::::::::* Россия империята ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-ru-dor|Россійская Имперія}}; өссүө Бүтүн Россиятаагы империя) — 1721—1917 сылларга баар эбит дойду. :::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:31, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::* Граф Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й (28 августа [9 сентября] 1828, Ясная Поляна, Тульская губерния, Российская империя — 7 [20] ноября 1910, станция Астапово, Рязанская губерния, Российская империя) — один из наиболее известных русских писателей и мыслителей, один из величайших в мире писателей‑романистов. ::::::::::::::::::* «Война́ и мир» (рус. дореф. «Война и миръ») — роман-эпопея Льва Николаевича Толстого, описывающий русское общество в эпоху войн против Наполеона в 1805—1812 годах. Эпилог романа доводит повествование до 1820 года. ::::::::::::::::::* Книга ::::::::::::::::::* Название ::::::::::::::::::* Оригинальное название ::::::::::::::::::* Изображение ::::::::::::::::::* Автор ::::::::::::::::::* Страна ::::::::::::::::::* Язык ::::::::::::::::::* Дата ::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 08:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::* Лев Николаевич Толстой (1828 ыргакта ыйын 28 [булкааһын ыйын 9], Ясная Поляна, Тула губернията, Россия империята — 1910 күн түһэр ыйын 7 [күн түһэр ыйын 20], Асталово, Рязань губернията, Россия империята) — муӈ биллэр ньуучча һуруйааччыта, аан дойду биир улуу романист-һуруйааччыта. :::::::::::::::::::* «Война и мир» ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-ru-dof|«Война и миръ»}} — Наполеон утары һэрии кэмнэги ньуучча обществотын туһунан Лев Николаевич Толстой һуруйбут романа. Роман эпилога 1920-с һылга диэри көрдөрөр. :::::::::::::::::::* Кинигэ :::::::::::::::::::* Аата :::::::::::::::::::* Оригинальнай аата :::::::::::::::::::* Ойуу :::::::::::::::::::* Ааптар :::::::::::::::::::* Дойду :::::::::::::::::::* Тыла :::::::::::::::::::* Һуруллубут күнэ :::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:48, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы заполнить шаблон [[Wp/dlg/Война и мир|здесь]]? ::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::::* Иису́с Христо́с (греч. Ἰησοῦς Χριστός) — в христианстве Бог Сын (второе лицо Святой Троицы), богочеловек и предсказанный в Ветхом Завете Мессия, ставший искупительной жертвой за грехи людей. Эпитетом Иисуса Христа стал Спаситель (Спас). ::::::::::::::::::::* Христиа́нство (греч. Χριστιανισμός, лат. Christianismus, от греч. Χριστός — Христос — «Пома́занник», «Месси́я») — мировая авраамическая монотеистическая религия, учение которой восходит к проповеди Иисуса Христа и его апостолов (переданной в Новом Завете) в Земле Израильской, и было развито отцами Церкви. ::::::::::::::::::::* Би́блия (мн. ч. греч. βιβλία от ед.ч. греч. βιβλίον — «книга»; от греч. βύβλος — «папирус»; от названия древнего финикийского города Библ) — собрание текстов, составляющих Священное Писание в иудаизме и христианстве. ::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:05, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::* Иисус Христос ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-el|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}) — христианство итэгэлигэр «Иччи-Уол» (Ытык Троица иккис һырайа), иччи-киһи уонна Ветхай Завекка, дьон аньыыларыттан һалтаан жертва буолбут, этиллибит Мессия. Спаситель (Спас) Иисус Христос эпитетынынан буолбута. :::::::::::::::::::::* Христианство ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-el|Χριστιανισμός}}, {{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Christianismus}}; Χριστός («Помазанник», «Мессия» гириэк тылтан тагыспыт) — аан дойдутаагы итэгэл, кини үөрэгэ Иисус Христос уонна апостоллар проповедьтарыттан таксар. :::::::::::::::::::::* Библия ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-el|βιβλία}} — «кинигэ») — иудаизм уонна христианство туһунан Ытык Сурук тиэкиһин комултата. :::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 09:19, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы заполнить шаблон [[Wp/dlg/Иисус Христос|здесь]]? ::::::::::::::::::::::Не могли бы вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::::::* Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский (30 октября [11 ноября] 1821, Москва — 28 января [9 февраля] 1881, Санкт-Петербург) — русский писатель, мыслитель, философ и публицист. ::::::::::::::::::::::* «Бра́тья Карама́зовы» — последний роман Ф. М. Достоевского. Роман был напечатан частями в журнале «Русский вестник». Достоевский задумывал работу как первую часть эпического романа «Житие великого грешника». Произведение было окончено в ноябре 1880 года. Писатель умер через два месяца после публикации. ::::::::::::::::::::::* Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин (26 мая [6 июня] 1799, Москва — 29 января [10 февраля] 1837, Санкт-Петербург) — русский поэт, драматург и прозаик, заложивший основы русского реалистического направления, литературный критик и теоретик литературы, историк, публицист, журналист, редактор и издатель. ::::::::::::::::::::::* «Евге́ний Оне́гин» (дореф. «Евгеній Онѣгинъ») — роман в стихах русского поэта Александра Сергеевича Пушкина, начат 9 мая 1823 года и закончен 5 октября 1831 года, одно из самых значительных произведений русской словесности. ::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:28, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::* Федор Михайлович Достоевский (1821 буус тоӈор ыйын 30 [күн түһэр ыйын 11], Москва — 1881 күн таксар ыйын 28 [үөлэс ыйын 9], Санкт-Петербург) — ньуучча һуруйааччыта, философа уонна публициста. :::::::::::::::::::::::* «Ини-биилэр Карамазовтар» — Федор Михайлович Достоевский бүтэһик романа. Роман муӈ инникитэ «Русский вестник» журналга бэчээттэммитэ. Достоевский бу романы «Житие великого грешника» романын муӈ инники чааһынан курдук оӈорбута. Роман, 1880 сылга, күн түһэр ыйыгар һуруллан бүппүтэ. Һуруйааччы һуруйбутун кэннэ, икки ый ааспытын кэннэ, өлбүтэ. :::::::::::::::::::::::* Александр Сергеевич Пушкин (1799 тугут төрүүр ыйын 26 [көмүөл ыйын 6], Москва — 1837 күн таксар ыйын 29 [үөлэс ыйын 10], Санкт-Петербург) — ньуучча реализм направлениятын олохтообут, ньуучча һуруйааччыта, драматурга уонна прозаига. Литературнай критик уонна литература теоретига, историк, публицист, журналист, эрэдээктэр уонна издатель. :::::::::::::::::::::::* «Евгений Онегин» — Александр Сергеевич Пушкин романа. Роман 1823 тугут төрүүр ыйын 9 — 1831 буус тоӈор ыйын 5, күннэргэ һуруллубута. :::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 09:46, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::::Можете ли вы заполнить [[Wp/dlg/Ини-биилэр Карамазовтар|этот]] и [[Wp/dlg/Евгений Онегин|этот]] шаблоны? ::::::::::::::::::::::::Можете ли вы перевести это? ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Писатель ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Писатели ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Русские писатели ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Русская литература ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Литература ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Михаи́л Афана́сьевич Булга́ков (3 [15] мая 1891, Киев, Российская империя[…] — 10 марта 1940[…], Москва, СССР) — русский писатель советского периода, врач, драматург, театральный режиссёр и актёр. ::::::::::::::::::::::::* Бори́с Леони́дович Пастерна́к (имя при рождении — Бори́с Исаа́кович Постерна́к; 29 января (10 февраля) 1890, Москва, Российская империя — 30 мая 1960, Переделкино, Кунцевский район, Московская область, СССР) — русский советский поэт, писатель и переводчик. Один из крупнейших русских поэтов XX века. ::::::::::::::::::::::::* «До́ктор Жива́го» — роман Бориса Пастернака. Роман создавался в течение десяти лет, с 1945 по 1955 год, и является вершиной творчества автора как прозаика. Роман сопровождён стихами главного героя — Юрия Андреевича Живаго. ::::::::::::::::::::::::* «Царство Божие внутри вас» — научно-популярная книга Льва Толстого. Это ключевой текст для толстовских сторонников ненасилия, ненасильственного сопротивления и христианского анархистского движения. ::::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:02, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Һуруйааччы :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Һуруйааччылар :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча һуруйааччылар :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Ньуучча литературата :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков (1891 тугут төрүүр ыйын 3 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 15], Киев, Россия империята — 1940 һырай һылыйар ыйын 10, Москва, ССРС) — ньуучча-һэбиэскэй һуруйааччы, эмчит, драматург, театральнай режиссер уонна өктүөр. :::::::::::::::::::::::::* Борис Леонидович Пастернак (төрүүрүгэр — Борис Исаакович Пастернак;1890 күн таксар ыйын 29 [үөлэс ыйын 10], Москва, Россия империята — 1960 тугут төрүүр ыйын 30, Переделкино, Москва уобалаһа, ССРС) — ньуучча-һэбиэскэй һуруйааччы, тулмаасчыт. XX үйэ биир муӈ бөдөӈ ньуучча һуруйааччыта. :::::::::::::::::::::::::* «Живаго Доктор» — Борис Пастернак романа. Роман уон һылы быһа һуруллубута, 1945 — 1955. Роман һүрүн дьоруойа — Юрий Андреевич Живаго һуруйбут коһооннорунан һуруллубута. :::::::::::::::::::::::::* «Царство Божие внутри нас» — Лев Толстой һуруйбут наука кинигэтэ. :::::::::::::::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:16, 28 May 2025 (UTC) == Новые переводы == Можете ли вы заполнить [[Wp/dlg/Царство Божие внутри нас|этот]] и [[Wp/dlg/Живаго Доктор|этот]] шаблоны? * Мне пора идти, но я оставлю вам здесь ряд статей, которые вы сможете перевести, когда у вас будет время, вам не нужно делать все это сейчас. Большое спасибо за вашу помощь, и я постараюсь продолжать помогать вам развивать эту Википедию. ** Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов (рус. дореф. Антонъ Павловичъ Чеховъ; 17 (29) января 1860, Таганрог, Екатеринославская губерния, Российская империя — 2 (15) июля 1904, Баденвайлер, Германская империя[3][4]) — русский писатель, прозаик, драматург, публицист[5], врач, общественный деятель в сфере благотворительности[6][7][8]. ** «Дя́дя Ва́ня» — пьеса русского писателя и драматурга Антона Павловича Чехова с подзаголовком «Сцены из деревенской жизни в четырёх действиях». Окончательно завершена в 1896 году. ** А́нна Андре́евна Ахма́това (при рождении Го́ренко, по первому мужу Го́ренко-Гумилёва[11], после развода взяла псевдоним-фамилию Ахма́това[12], по второму мужу Ахма́това-Шиле́йко[13], после развода Ахма́това[14]; 11 [23] июня 1889[15][16], Одесса, Херсонская губерния — 5 марта 1966, Домодедово, Московская область) — русская и советская поэтесса[~ 1][18][19][20]. Член Союза писателей СССР (1939). Была номинирована на Нобелевскую премию по литературе (1965[21] и 1966[22]). ** «Реквием» — элегия Анны Ахматовой о страданиях людей во время Большого террора. ** Царь — один из титулов славянских монархов. ** Ива́н IV Васи́льевич, Ива́н Гро́зный[a], в постриге — Иона (25 августа 1530, село Коломенское[8] под Москвой — 18 (28) марта 1584, Москва) — государь, великий князь Московский и всея Руси с 1533 года, первый венчанный царь всея Руси (с 1547 года; кроме 1575—1576, когда «великим князем всея Руси» номинально был Симеон Бекбулатович). ** Государь, Царь и Великий Князь всея Руси ** Государь, Царь и Великий Князь всея Руси — официальный титул монарха Русского царства. ** Пётр I Алексе́евич (Пётр Вели́кий; 30 мая [9 июня] 1672, Москва — 28 января [8 февраля] 1725, Санкт-Петербург) — царь всея Руси с 1682 года, первый император Всероссийский с 1721 года. ** Никола́й II Алекса́ндрович (6 [18] мая 1868, Царское Село — 17 июля 1918, Екатеринбург) — последний император Всероссийский, царь Польский и великий князь Финляндский (20 октября [1 ноября] 1894 — 2 марта 1917) из династии Гольштейн-Готторп-Романовых. ** Русская православная церковь (РПЦ), официально известная также как Московский патриархат, является автокефальной восточно-православной христианской церковью. Имеет 194 епархии на территории России. Предстоятель РПЦ — патриарх Московский и всея Руси. ** Февра́льская револю́ция 1917 года в Росси́и — массовые антиправительственные выступления петроградских рабочих и солдат петроградского гарнизона, приведшие к свержению российской монархии и созданию Временного правительства, сосредоточившего в своих руках всю законодательную и исполнительную власть в России. Революционные события охватили период конца февраля — начала марта 1917 года (по юлианскому календарю, действовавшему в то время в России). ** Октябрьская революция — вооружённое восстание в Петрограде в октябре (ноябре по новому стилю) 1917 года, в результате которого было свергнуто Временное правительство и установлена ​​Советская власть. В историографии рассматривается либо как самостоятельное историческое событие, либо как продолжение Февральской революции. ** Революция 1917 года в России (Февральская революция и Великая Октябрьская Социалистическая революция 1917 года, Великая российская революция, Великая русская революция[1]) — условное название революционных событий, произошедших в России в 1917 году, начиная со свержения монархии во время Февральской революции, когда власть перешла к Временному правительству, которое, в свою очередь, было свергнуто в результате Октябрьской революции большевиков и их временных союзников, провозгласивших власть советов (советскую власть). ** Патриа́рх Ни́кон (мирское имя Ники́та Ми́нин (Минов)[2]; 7 [17] мая 1605[3], село Вельдеманово — 17 [27] августа 1681, Тропинская слобода, Ярославль) — московский патриарх, с 25 июля (4 августа) 1652 года по 12 (22) декабря 1666 года. Имел титул «Великого Государя». Церковные реформы патриарха Никона, которые он начал в 1650-х годах, были направлены на изменение существовавшей тогда в Русской Церкви обрядовой традиции в целях её унификации с современной греческой. Они вызвали раскол Русской церкви, что привело к возникновению старообрядчества. В 1666 году он был извержен из патриаршества и стал простым монахом[4], хотя его реформы были продолжены. ** Раско́л Ру́сской це́ркви — церковный раскол в Русской православной церкви, начавшийся в 1650-х годах в Москве. Связан с реформой патриарха Никона, направленной на внесение изменений в богослужебные книги московской печати и некоторые обряды в целях их унификации с современными греческими[1][2][3]. ** Старообря́дчество[1][2] (до указа о веротерпимости 1905 года — раско́л, раско́льничество[3]); Древлеправосла́вие (по́зднее самоназвание ряда течений[4]) — совокупность религиозных течений и организаций в русле русской православной традиции, отвергающих предпринятую в 1653—1660-х годах московским патриархом Никоном и царём Алексеем Михайловичем церковную реформу, целью которой провозглашалась унификация богослужебного чина Русской церкви[5] с Греческой церковью и, прежде всего, с Константинопольской церковью («книжная справа»). ** Ланселот Томас Хогбен (англ. Lancelot Thomas Hogben; 9 декабря 1895[1], Портсмут, Гэмпшир — 22 августа 1975[1], Рексем) — английский учёный, биолог, создатель искусственного языка Интерглосса. ** Интергло́сса (Interglossa) — международный вспомогательный язык, разработанный в 1943 году Ланселотом Хогбеном. Является предшественником языка глоса. --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:48, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Удачи, огромное спасибо за развитие Википедии на долганском языке! Барга мактал! [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:53, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::Привет, если хочешь, можешь переводить эти предложения по частям, а не все сразу. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 04:56, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :::Я уже сделал про Чехова, видели? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 05:08, 30 May 2025 (UTC) ::::А, ну ладно, значит, вы сами создаете статьи. Отлично. Не могли бы вы сначала сделать последние две? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 05:10, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Я сделал две последние статьи. Вы знаете, когда заявку на мету отправлять? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:00, 30 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Если вы говорите об одобрении вики, чтобы получить свое собственное пространство, вам нужно, чтобы по крайней мере три человека работали почти ежедневно в течение как минимум трех месяцев над вики и переводили самые важные сообщения. Я проверил, и у вас даже нет запроса на вики, вы хотите, чтобы я его создал? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:05, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::Можно, заранее спасибо [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:05, 30 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Я создал его [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Dolgan здесь]. ::::::::Пожалуйста, оставьте комментарий, показывающий вашу поддержку и указывающий, что вы носитель языка, желающий создать эту энциклопедию (лучше, если вы напишете ее на английском языке). ::::::::Я также предлагаю вам попытаться найти другого человека, который сможет сотрудничать в создании статей, поскольку нам нужно, чтобы над проектом работали как минимум три человека. ::::::::Как вы [https://codelookup.toolforge.org/dlg видите], язык не включен в TranslateWiki, поэтому сначала нам нужно включить его, а затем вам нужно будет перевести сообщения, которые там появляются. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:17, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :* «Таай Баанньа» — ньуучча һуруйааччыта уонна драматурга, Антон Павлович Чехов, һуруйбут пьесата. 1896 һылга һуруллан бүппүтэ. :* Ахматова Анна Андреевна (төрүүрүгэр Анна Андреевна Горенко, маӈнайгы эрин аатынан Горенко-Гумилева, бүппүттэрин кэннэ псевдонимы ылбыта — Ахматова; 1889 көмүөл ыйын 11 [көмүөл ыйын 23], Одесса, Россия империята — 1966 һырай һылыйар ыйын 5, Домодедово, ССРС) — ньуучча уонна һэбиэскэй һуруйааччы. ССРС һуруйааччылар һойууһун чилиэнэ (1939). Нобелевскай премияга номинант (Литература, 1965 уонна 1966). :* «Реквием» — Анна Андреевна Ахматова, Улакан террор туһунан, һуруйбут элегия. :* Царь — славян монархтарын титула. :* Иван IV Васильевич, Уордаак Иван (1530 ыргакта ыйын 25, Коломенское, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — 1584 һырай һылыйар ыйын 18 [һырай һылыйар ыйын 28], Москва, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата) — государь, Москва уонна Русь улуу кинээһэ, 1547 һылтан — Русь барытын царя. :* Государь, Царь уонна Русь Улуу Кинээһэ :* Государь, Царь уонна Русь Улуу Кинээһэ — Ньуучча һаарыстыба монаргын титула. :* Петр I Алексеевич (Улуу Петр; 1672 тугут төрүүр ыйын 30 [көмүөл ыйын 9], Москва, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — 1584 күн таксар ыйын 28 [үөлэс ыйын 28], Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — 1682 һылтан Русь царя, 1721 һылтан бары Россиятаагы ырактаагы. :Пока первая пачка перевода, скоро переведу остальное [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 01:20, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо за перевод, я создал статьи. Также, когда у вас будет время, не могли бы вы перевести [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jon_Gua этот шаблон]? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 04:27, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::{{Wp/dlg/Capsa seriei :::| latitudo_capsae = 230px :::| заголовок = [[Россия историята]] :::| imago = Памятник тысячелетию России 2013 06.JPG :::| grex1 = 879–1240: Киевскай Русь :::| index1 = :::* Новгород һирэ 882–1136 :::* Полоцк кинээһилигэ 987–1397 :::* Чернигов кинээһилигэ 988–1402 :::* Владимир улуу кинээһилигэ 1093–1157 :::| grex2 = 1240–1480: Феодальнай Русь :::| index2 = :::* Новгород Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ 1136–1478 :::* Владимир Улуу кинэһһилигэ 1157–1331 :::* [[Wp/dlg/Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ|Улуу Москва кинээһилигэ]] 1263–1547 :::| grex3 = 1480–1917: Царь Россията :::| index3 = :::* [[Wp/dlg/Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата|Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата]] 1547–1721 :::* [[Wp/dlg/Россия империята|Россия империята]] 1721–1917 :::| grex4 = 1917–1923: 1917 һыллаагы революция :::| index4 = :::* Россия өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ 1917–1918 :::* [[Россия Һэбиэскэй Федератиибиниэй Һоциалистическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ|РСФСР]] 1917–1922 :::* [[Россия һудаарыстыбата (1918—1920)]] 1918–1920 :::| grex5 = 1923–1991: [[ССРС историята|ССРС]] :::| index5 = :::* [[Һэбиэскэй Һоциалистическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэлэр Һойуустара|ССРС]] 1922–1991 :::|grex6 = since 1991: Аныгы Россия :::|index6 = :::* [[Wp/dlg/Россия|Россия]] 1991–бүгүӈӈээӈӈи диэри :::| vide_etiam = :::}} [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 05:37, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::::Спасибо. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:04, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Вот есть же этот шаблон, а где его использовать? Только в статьях о государствах или там в царях тоже? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 08:07, 2 June 2025 (UTC) * Я разместил здесь статью, которая все еще нуждается в переводе. ** Никола́й II Алекса́ндрович (6 [18] мая 1868, Царское Село — 17 июля 1918, Екатеринбург) — последний император Всероссийский, царь Польский и великий князь Финляндский (20 октября [1 ноября] 1894 — 2 марта 1917) из династии Гольштейн-Готторп-Романовых. ** Русская православная церковь (РПЦ), официально известная также как Московский патриархат, является автокефальной восточно-православной христианской церковью. Имеет 194 епархии на территории России. Предстоятель РПЦ — патриарх Московский и всея Руси. ** Февра́льская револю́ция 1917 года в Росси́и — массовые антиправительственные выступления петроградских рабочих и солдат петроградского гарнизона, приведшие к свержению российской монархии и созданию Временного правительства, сосредоточившего в своих руках всю законодательную и исполнительную власть в России. Революционные события охватили период конца февраля — начала марта 1917 года (по юлианскому календарю, действовавшему в то время в России). ** Октябрьская революция — вооружённое восстание в Петрограде в октябре (ноябре по новому стилю) 1917 года, в результате которого было свергнуто Временное правительство и установлена ​​Советская власть. В историографии рассматривается либо как самостоятельное историческое событие, либо как продолжение Февральской революции. ** Революция 1917 года в России (Февральская революция и Великая Октябрьская Социалистическая революция 1917 года, Великая российская революция, Великая русская революция[1]) — условное название революционных событий, произошедших в России в 1917 году, начиная со свержения монархии во время Февральской революции, когда власть перешла к Временному правительству, которое, в свою очередь, было свергнуто в результате Октябрьской революции большевиков и их временных союзников, провозгласивших власть советов (советскую власть). ** Патриа́рх Ни́кон (мирское имя Ники́та Ми́нин (Минов)[2]; 7 [17] мая 1605[3], село Вельдеманово — 17 [27] августа 1681, Тропинская слобода, Ярославль) — московский патриарх, с 25 июля (4 августа) 1652 года по 12 (22) декабря 1666 года. Имел титул «Великого Государя». Церковные реформы патриарха Никона, которые он начал в 1650-х годах, были направлены на изменение существовавшей тогда в Русской Церкви обрядовой традиции в целях её унификации с современной греческой. Они вызвали раскол Русской церкви, что привело к возникновению старообрядчества. В 1666 году он был извержен из патриаршества и стал простым монахом[4], хотя его реформы были продолжены. ** Раско́л Ру́сской це́ркви — церковный раскол в Русской православной церкви, начавшийся в 1650-х годах в Москве. Связан с реформой патриарха Никона, направленной на внесение изменений в богослужебные книги московской печати и некоторые обряды в целях их унификации с современными греческими[1][2][3]. ** Старообря́дчество[1][2] (до указа о веротерпимости 1905 года — раско́л, раско́льничество[3]); Древлеправосла́вие (по́зднее самоназвание ряда течений[4]) — совокупность религиозных течений и организаций в русле русской православной традиции, отвергающих предпринятую в 1653—1660-х годах московским патриархом Никоном и царём Алексеем Михайловичем церковную реформу, целью которой провозглашалась унификация богослужебного чина Русской церкви[5] с Греческой церковью и, прежде всего, с Константинопольской церковью («книжная справа»). ** Окцидента́ль, или Интерли́нгве (Occidental, Interlingue) ([interˈliŋɡwe], [oktsidenˈtaːl]; ISO 639 ie, ile) — международный искусственный язык. Предложен в 1920-х годах Эдгаром де Валем (Эстония). В 1949 году переименован в интерлингве для устранения негативных ассоциаций, которые могло бы вызывать название «западный», а также ради планировавшегося сближения с интерлингвой-ИАЛА. ** Эдга́р де (фон) Валь (нем. Edgar de Wahl, Edgar von Wahl; 11 августа 1867 — 9 марта 1948) — создатель международного искусственного языка окциденталь (интерлингве). ** Литература на интерлингве существует с момента создания языка Эдгаром де Валем в 1922 году. Хотя в основном она состоит из оригинальных рассказов и переводов, опубликованных в центральном журнале этого языка, Cosmoglotta, также существуют полнометражные романы и поэтические антологии, в частности написанные такими авторами, как Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш и Ярослав Подобский[1]. ** Интерли́нгва (Interlingua) — международный вспомогательный язык, разработанный в 1936—1951 годах Международной ассоциацией вспомогательного языка (IALA) под руководством Александра Гоуда. Интерлингва IALA — это результат работы большого коллектива европейских и американских учёных-лингвистов. Словарный состав языка интерлингва включает в себя слова, имеющие латинские корни, а также международную лексику, взятую из итальянского, испанского, португальского, французского, английского, немецкого и русского языков. ** Ли́нгва фра́нка но́ва (сокр. ЛФН — транскрипция «элэфэн»; Lingua Franca Nova, сокр. LFN — транскрипция elefen, «новый лингва франка») — международный искусственный язык, созданный американским психологом нидерландского происхождения Джорджем Буре (George Boeree)[1] на основе лексики романских языков: французского, итальянского, испанского, португальского и каталанского языков. Грамматика языка базируется на принципах пиджинов и креольских языков. Первым оригинальным романом, опубликованным на Лингва франка нова, был La xerca per Pahoa («поиски Пахоа»), написанный Висенте Косталаго;[18] Публикация началась в 2020 году (интернет) и 2021 году (книга). --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 19:45, 31 May 2025 (UTC) *:* '''Николай II Александрович '''(1868 тугут төрүүр ыйын 6 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 18], Царское Село, Россия империята — 1918 кумаар түһэр ыйын 17, Екатеринбург, РСФСР) — Гольштейн-Готторпскай кэргэтиттэн һылдьар, Россия бүтүгэс ырактаагыта, Польша царя уонна Финляндия улуу кинээһэ. *:* '''Ньуучча православнай церковя''' (РПЦ), өссүө '''Москватаагы патриархат''' — 194 епархиялаак, Россияга гынар, автофекальной аллара-православнай христианскай церковь. РПЦ һалайааччыта — бүтүн Русь уонна Москва патриарха. *:* '''1917 һыллаагы, үөлэс ыйдаагы Россия өрөбөлүүссүйэтэ''' — Россия монархиятын ууратаппыт, массовай Петроградтаагы үлэһиттэр уонна һаллааттар дьаһалта утары выступлениялара. Ол выступленияттан һалтаан, Россия монархията һуок буолбута уонна быстаак кэмнээк дьаһалта баар буолбута. Өрөбөлүссүйүөннэй түгэннэр үөлэс ыйын бүтүүтүгэр һырай һылыйар ыйын дылы буолбута. *:* '''Өктөөп өрөбөлүүссүйэтэ''' — Петрогракка 1917 һылга буолбут, һааламмыт восстание. Ол өрөбөлүссүйэттэн һалтаан һэбиэскэй былаас туруммута. Историяграфияга самостоятельнай да, үөлэс ыйдаагы өрөбөлүүссүйэ чааһын курдук көрүнэр. *:[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 05:11, 2 June 2025 (UTC) *::'''Никон патриарх''' (кирдик аата — '''Никита Минин''' (Минов); 1605 тугут төрүүр ыйын 7 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 17], Вальдеманово, Ньуучча һудаарыстыбата — 1681 ыргакта ыйын 17 [ыргакта ыйын 27], Тропинскай слобода, Ярославль) — кумаар түһэр ыйын 25, 1652, караӈа кыһын ыйын 12 диэри, 1666, москватаагы патриарх. «Улуу Государь» тиитулун һүгэр этэ. 1650-с һылларга, гини церковнай реформалары һагаалыбыта, ол реформалар Ньуучча церковын быдан гириэк диэки курдук оӈороору һагаламмыттара. Ол реформалар церковь утары камсааһыны сагалаабыта уонна онуттан һалтаан раскольниктар баар буолбуттара. 1666 һылга реформалара атыттар салгаабыттарын эрээри, гинини патриархтан уурайбыттара уонна гини монах эрэ буолбута. *::'''Ньуучча церковын кайдыыта''' — 1650-с һылларга сагалааммыт, Ньуучча православнай церковыгар, церковнай кайдыыы. Никон патриарх реформаларын кытта һибээстээк. Ол реформалар богослужебнай кинигэлэргэ, бэчээккэ уонна һиэргэ-туомӈа уларытыылары киллэрбитэ. *::'''Оксиденталь''', өссүө '''Интерлингве''' (Occidental, Interlingue; [interˈliŋɡwe], [oktsidenˈtaːl]) — аан дойдуга туттуллар оӈоһуу тыл. 1920-с һылларга, Эдгар де Валь көрдөбүлүнэн баар буолбута. «Оксиденталь», 1949 һылга, «Интерлингве» диэн аакка уларыйбыта. *::'''Эдгар де''' (фон) '''Валь''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-de|Edgar de Wahl, Edgar von Wahl}}; 1867 ыргакта ыйын 11 — 1948 һырай һылыйар ыйын 9) — «Оксиденталь» (Интерлингве) оӈоһуу тылын тэрийээччитэ. *::1922-с һылтан, Интерлингве тылыгар литература баар. Литература үксүн, Cosmoglotta диэн журналга таһаарыллыбыт, оригальнай кэпсээннэртэн уонна тулмаастарыттан эрэ турар. Өссүө бу тылынан романнар уонна антологиялар һуруллубуттара, ол айымньылары үксүн Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш уонна Ярослав Подобскай һуруйбуттара. *::'''Интерлингуа тыл'''(Interlingua) — Омуктар икки ардынаагы көмөһөлөр тыллар ассоциацияларынан (IALA), 1936—1951 һылларга, оӈоһуллубут, аан дойду оӈоһуу-көмөһөлөр тыла. IALA Интерлингуата — элбэк аксааннаак Эуропа уонна Америка лингибиис-учуонайдар үлэтин түмүгэ. Интерлингуа үксүн латыын тылтан ылыллыбыт тыллартан турар, уонна өссүө, италия тылтан, испаан тылтан, португаал тылтан, боронсуус тылтан, ааӈыл тылтан, ньиэмэс тылтан уонна ньуучча тылтан ылыллыбыт, аан дойдутаагы лиэксикэттэн турар. *::'''Лингуа франка нова''' (кылг. ЛФН; Lingua Franca Nova, кылг. LFN) — Америка психологынан, Дьордь Буре тэрийбит, аан дойду оӈоһуу тыла. Тыл лиэксикэтэ роман тыллар лиэксикэтинэн тутуллубут. Тыл грамматиката пиджин уонна креол тыллар принциптарынан тутуллар. Маӈнайгы, Лингуа франка нова тылынан һуруллубут, роман — La xerca per Pahoa, Висенте Косталаго һуруллуутунан, 2020-с һылга баар буолбута. [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 01:39, 3 June 2025 (UTC) ==Просьба о помощи - Долган== Здравствуйте Sauit, Очень приятно с Вами познакомиться. Обращаюсь к Вам с просьбой -- переведите, пожалуйста, эту статью на уникальный замечательный Долганский язык. Вот текст статьи: "Иисус дьиҥнээх таҥаратын дьиэтэ" — (кимтэн да тутулуга суох) таҥара үөрэҕэ. Кытайга Пекин куоракка 1917 сыллаахха төрүттэммитэ. Протестаннар таҥараларын үөрэҕин биир салаатынан буолар. Билигин аан дойду үрдүнэн 1,5 мөлүйүөнтэн тахса итэҕэйээчилээх. Билигин баар итэҕэл сүүрээннэриттэн саамай түргэнник улаатар сүүрээн. Сүрүн салалтата билигин АХШ-тарыгар, Лос-Анжелес куоракка баар. Москватааҕы отделенията 1995 сыллаахха аһыллыбыта. 10 сүрүн принциптара: #Сибэтиэй Дух #Кириһиэнньэ #Атах сууйуута #Сибэтиэй причастие #Субуота күн #Иисус Христос #Биибилийэ #Быыһаныы #Таҥара Дьиэтэ #Бутэһиктээх быһаарыы Заранее выражаю огромную благодарность. --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 04:30, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :«Кирдик Иисус таӈара дьиэтэ» — кимтэн да тутулуга һуок христианство, протестантизм үөрэгэ. Пекин гуоракка 1917 һылга баар буолбута. Аны аан дойдуга 1,5 мөл. үгүс итэгэйээччилээк. Аны баар итэгэллэртэн, муӈ түргэн улаатар итэгэл. Һүрүн һалалтата ИАШ-ка, Лос-Андьелес гуоракка турар. Москватаагы отделение 1995 һылга тэриллибитэ. :10 һүрүн бириинсибэ: :# Ытык айыы :# Кириһиэнньэ :# Атак һууйуута :# Ытык причастие :# Субботатаагы күн :# Иисус :# Библия :# Абырааланы :# Таӈара дьиэтэ :# Бүтүгэс өйдөтүү :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 04:51, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just to let you know, I have now created the article [[Wp/dlg/Кирдик Иисус таӈара дьиэтэ|here]]. --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 11:22, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ==Thank you== [[File:Wiklesia.jpg|right|thumb|150px|link=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Sauit#Thank_you]] :::<big>'''Thank you very much'''</big> for your wonderful translation! :::It is very much appreciated. :::May Dolgan Wikipedia prosper!" :::---[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 10:36, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Can you please help translate this short verse into the Dolgan language?: «Таҥара бу аан дойдуну ол курдук таптаан, Бэйэтин Төрөппүт Соҕотох Уолун, Кинини итэҕэйэр ханнык баҕарар киһи өлбөтүн, бараммат олохтонорун туһугар, биэрбитэ». ::::FYI, if you need any help with other templates, I can help you. --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 10:50, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :::::«Таӈара бу аан дойдуну таптаан, бэйэтэ төрөппүт һоготок уолун, киниэкэ итэгэйэр эӈин-эӈин дьон өлбөтүн уонна бараммат олоктонорун туһугар, биэрдэ» [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:59, 2 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you very very much for your help! --[[User:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[User talk:DaveZ123|talk]]) 11:13, 2 June 2025 (UTC) == Новые переводы == Не могли бы вы это перевести? * Екатери́на II Алексе́евна, Екатери́на Вели́кая, урождённая Софи́я Авгу́ста Фредери́ка А́нгальт-Це́рбстская (нем. Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg; 21 апреля [2 мая] 1729, Штеттин, Пруссия — 6 ноября 1796, Зимний дворец, Санкт-Петербург, Российская империя) — Императрица и Самодержица Всероссийская (1762—1796). Племянница шведского короля Адольфа Фридриха, двоюродная племянница прусского короля Фридриха Великого. * Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев (27 января [8 февраля] 1834, Тобольск — 20 января [2 февраля] 1907, Санкт-Петербург) — русский учёный-энциклопедист: химик, физикохимик, физик, метролог, экономист, технолог, геолог, метеоролог, нефтяник, педагог, воздухоплаватель, приборостроитель. * Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский (25 апреля [7 мая] 1840, Воткинский завод, Вятская губерния — 25 октября [6 ноября] 1893, Санкт-Петербург) — русский композитор, педагог, дирижёр и музыкальный критик. * И́горь Фёдорович Страви́нский (5 [17] июня 1882, Ораниенбаум, Санкт-Петербургская губерния — 6 апреля 1971, Нью-Йорк) — русский композитор. Гражданин Франции (1934) и США (1945). Один из крупнейших представителей мировой музыкальной культуры XX века. Музыку Стравинского отличает стилистическое многообразие: в первом периоде творчества (наиболее репертуарные его сочинения) она несёт яркий отпечаток русской культурной традиции. Стилистика позднейших сочинений выдаёт, среди прочего, влияние неоклассицизма и додекафонии Новой венской школы. * Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (Сове́тский Сою́з, Сою́з ССР, аббрев. СССР) — государство в Евразии, существовавшее с 30 декабря 1922 года по 26 декабря 1991 года. * Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин (фамилия при рождении — Улья́нов; также известен под двойной фамилией Улья́нов-Ле́нин; 10 (22) апреля 1870, Симбирск, Российская империя — 21 января 1924, Большие Горки, Сухановская волость, Подольский уезд, Московская губерния, РСФСР, СССР) — российский революционер, юрист, крупный теоретик марксизма, советский политический и государственный деятель, создатель Российской социал-демократической рабочей партии (большевиков), один из организаторов и руководителей Октябрьской революции 1917 года в России, первый председатель Совета народных комиссаров РСФСР и Совета народных комиссаров СССР, создатель первого в мировой истории социалистического государства. * Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин (фамилия при рождении — Джугашви́ли груз. იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; 6 [18] декабря 1878, Гори, Тифлисская губерния, Российская империя — 5 марта 1953, Ближняя дача, село Волынское, Кунцевский район, Московская область, РСФСР, СССР) — российский революционер, советский политический, государственный, военный и партийный деятель. Фактический руководитель СССР. * Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Баку́нин (18 [30] мая 1814, село Прямухино, Новоторжский уезд, Тверская губерния, Российская империя — 19 июня [1 июля] 1876, Берн, Швейцария) — русский мыслитель и революционер из рода Бакуниных, один из теоретиков анархизма, народничества. Стоит у истоков социального анархизма. * Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв (2 марта 1931, Привольное, Медвеженский район, Северо-Кавказский край, РСФСР, СССР — 30 августа 2022, Москва, Россия) — советский и российский государственный, политический, партийный и общественный деятель. Последний Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС (1985—1991). Последний Председатель Президиума Верховного Совета СССР (1988—1989), затем первый председатель Верховного Совета СССР (1989—1990). Единственный в истории президент СССР (1990—1991). * Альфонс Матейка (9 января 1902 г. – 27 октября 1999 г.) был швейцарским специалистом по экспорту и сторонником международного вспомогательного языка. Родился в Санкт-Галлене в семье чеха и швейцарки, работал в текстильной и часовой промышленности и большую часть жизни прожил в Ла-Шо-де-Фоне. Матейка наиболее известен своей работой в международном языковом движении; сначала поддерживая Идо, а затем Окциденталь, он возглавлял многочисленные организации в этой области и написал несколько книг, обучающих этим языкам. Матейка также помог основать Центр документации и изучения международного языка. * Литература на Окциденталь существует с момента создания языка Эдгаром де Валем в 1922 году. Хотя в основном она состоит из оригинальных рассказов и переводов, опубликованных в центральном журнале этого языка, Cosmoglotta, также существуют полнометражные романы и поэтические антологии, в частности написанные такими авторами, как Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш и Ярослав Подобский. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:51, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :* '''Екатерина II Алексеевна''', өссүө '''Улуу Екатерина''' (төрүүрүгэр — София Августа Фредерика Ангальт-Цербстская; 1729 таба эмийдир ыйын 21 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 2], Штеттин, Пруссия — 1796 күн түһэр ыйын 6, Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — Ырактаагы уонна Россия бүтүн Самодержеһа. Швед коруолун, Адольф Фридрих, балыһа. Пруссия коруолун, Улуу Фридрих, һиэн балыһа. :* '''Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев''' (1834 күн таксар ыйын 27 [үөлэс ыйын 8], Тобольск, Россия империята — 1907 күн таксар ыйын 20 [үөлэс ыйын 2], Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — ньуучча учуонай-энциклопедист: хиимик, физикохимик, фиизик, метролог, экэньэмиис, технолог, геолог, метеоролог, нефтяник, учытал, воздухоплаватель, приборостроитель. :* '''Пётр Ильич Чайковский''' (1840 таба эмийдир ыйын 25 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 7], Воткинский завод, Россия империята — 1893 буус тоӈор ыйын 25 [күн түһэр ыйын 6], Санкт-Петербург, Россия империята) — ньуучча композитэрэ, учытал, дирижёр уонна мусукаалынай сыанабылдьыт. :* '''Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский''' (1882 көмүөл ыйын 5 [көмүөл ыйын 17], Ораниенбаум, Россия империята — 1971 таба эмийдир ыйын 6, Нью-Йорк, ИАШ) — ньуучча композитэрэ. Франция (1934) уонна ИАШ (1945) олоктоого. Аан дойду биир муӈ улакан XX үйэ музыка композитэрэ. Стравинскай музыката элбэк истиил өттүнэн уратылаак: гини творчество маӈнайгы периодыгар, гини творчествота ньуучча культурнай үгэстэрэ быдан һырдык һабыдыаллыыр. Кэнники өйтөн һуруйуулар истилиистикэтэ, Һаӈа Вена школа, неоклассицизм уонна додекафония һабыдыалын көрдөрөр. :* '''Һэбиэскэй Һоциалистическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэлэр Һойуустара''' ('''Һэбиэскэй Һойуус''', кылг. '''ССРС''') — 1922 һылтан 1991 һылга диэри, Эуразияга баар буолбут һудаарыстыба. :пока первая пачка [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 11:18, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :* '''Владимир Ильич Ленин''' (төрүүрүгэр — '''Владимир Ильич Ульянов''', өссүө Ульянов-Ленин араспаанньата биллэр; 1870 таба эмийдир ыйын 10 [таба эмийдир ыйын 22], Симбирск, Россия империята — 1924 күн таксар ыйын 21, Большие Горки, РСФСР, ССРС) — ньуучча революционера, юриһа, марксизм биир бөдөӈ теоретига, һэбиэскэй полилитическэй уонна һудаарыстыбынай һаарын, Россия социал-демократическэй үлэһиттэр партияларын (большевиктар) тэрийэччитэ, 1917 һыллаагы Өктөөп өрөбөлүүссүйэтин тэрийэччитэ, РСФСР народнай коммисар сүбэлэрин маӈнайгы һалайааччыта, аан дойду маӈнайгы социалистическэй һудаарыстыбаны тэрийэччитэ. :* '''Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин''' (төрүүрүгэр — '''Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-ka|იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი}}); 1878 караӈа кыһын ыйын 6 [караӈа кыһын ыйын 18], Гори, Россия империята — 1953 һырай һылыйар ыйын 5, Волынское, РСФСР, ССРС) — Россия революционера, һэбиэскэй политическэй, государственнай, военнай уонна партийнай һаарын. Фактическай ССРС һалайааччыта (1924—1953). :* '''Михаил Александрович Бакунин''' (1814 тугут төрүүр ыйын 18 [тугут төрүүр ыйын 30], Прямухино, Россия империята — 1876 көмүөл ыйын 19 [кумаар түһэр ыйын 1], Берн, Швейцария) — Бакуниннар кэргэттэн һылдьар, ньуучча мыслителя уонна революционера, анархизм теоретика. Социальнай анархизм биир маӈнайгы тэрийээччитэ. :* '''Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв''' (1931 һырай һылыйар ыйын 2, Привольное, РСФСР, ССРС — 2022 ыргакта ыйын, Москва, Россия) — һэбиэскэй уонна ньуучча һудаарыстыбынай, политическэй уонна общественнай һаарын. Бүтэһик ЦК ССКП генеральнай секретаря (1985—1991). Маӈнайгы уонна бүтэһик ССРС бэрэсидьиэнэ (1990—1991). :* '''Альфонс Матейка''' (1902 күн таксар ыйын 9 — 1999 буус тоӈор ыйын 27) — швейцарияттан һылдьыбыт экспорт специалиһа, аан дойду көмөлөһөр тыллар кайгааччыта. Идо уонна Окциденталь оӈоһуу тыллар өйөөбүтэ, өссүө аан дойду тыллар докумантациятын уонна үөрэтиитин центрын тэрийбитэ. :* 1922-с һылтан, Окциденталь тылыгар литература баар. Литература үксүн, Cosmoglotta диэн журналга таһаарыллыбыт, оригальнай кэпсээннэртэн уонна тулмаастарыттан эрэ турар. Өссүө бу тылынан романнар уонна антологиялар һуруллубуттара, ол айымньылары үксүн Висенте Косталаго, Ян Амос Кайш уонна Ярослав Подобскай һуруйбуттара. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:03, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы это перевести? ::По словам испанского окциденталиста Висенте Косталаго, историю литературы на этом языке можно в целом разделить на четыре раздела: ::Первый период (1921—1927): ранняя литература от создания языка до переезда центрального управления языка в Вену. ::Венская эпоха (1927—1949): литература с момента переезда в Вену до смены названия языка с Окциденталь на Интерлингве. ::Период застоя (1950—1999): от смены названия Интерлингве до создания первой группы Yahoo!. ::Возрождение языка через использование интернета (1999-): Литература из первой группы Yahoo!. ::* Cosmoglotta — центральный журнал движения Окциденталь. Эдгар фон Валь основал его в 1922 году под названием Kosmoglott. С 1927 года (номер 38) журнал носит название Cosmoglotta. Это официальный журнал Interlingue-Union. ::* Висенте Косталаго — филолог, писатель, поэт, переводчик, исследователь и автор, работающий с различными искусственными языками. Он родился в Испании и изучал современные языки в Автономном университете Мадрида, а также перевод и интерпретацию в Манчестерском университете. Он писал и публиковал тексты на разных искусственных языках, в особенности на Интерлингве и Лингва франка нова ::* Ки́евская Русь, или Древнеру́сское госуда́рство, или Дре́вняя Русь — средневековое государство в Северо-Восточной Европе, первое восточнославянское государство; сформировалось в IX веке в результате объединения ряда общностей, преимущественно восточнославянских и финно-угорских племён, под властью князей династии Рюриковичей. ::* Русские княжества (XII—XVI веков) — государственные образования исторической Руси, располагавшиеся (полностью или частично) на территории современных Беларуси, России, Украины, Польши, Молдавии, Румынии, Латвии, Эстонии. ::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:47, 4 June 2025 (UTC) :::Предупреждаю что я не забил на проект, я в отъезде и вернусь в понедельник [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 09:37, 6 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Спасибо, что сообщили. Наслаждайтесь выходными. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:48, 6 June 2025 (UTC) :::* '''Cosmoglotta''' — Окциденталь тылын киин һурунаала. 1922 һылга Эдгар фон Вальынан Kosmoglott аатынан тэриллибитэ. 1927 һылтан (№38), һурунаал Cosmoglotta аатын һүгэр. Interlingue-Union тэрилтэ һүрүн һурунаала. :::* '''Висенте Косталаго''' — филолог, һуруйааччы, тулмаасчыт, учуонай уонна араас оӈоһуу тыллары кытта үлэлиир ааптар. Гини Испанияга төрөөбүтэ уонна Мадрид Автономнай университетыгар аныгы тыллары үөрэппитэ, өссүө Манчестер университетыгар интерпритацияны уонна тулмааһы үөрэппитэ. Гини тиэкистэри араас оӈоһуу тылларга һуруйбута, үксүн Интерлингве уонна Лингва франка нова тылларыгар һуруйар уонна бигэргэтэр этэ. :::* '''Киевскай Русь''', эбэтэр '''Былыргы ньуучча һудаарыстыбата''', эбэтэр '''Былыргы Русь''' — Муора-Аллара Эуропа орто үйэ һудаарыстыбата, маӈнайгы аллара славянскай һудаарыстыба. Рюриковичтэр былааһын аннытыгар, IX үйэгэ, араас славянскай уонна финно-угорскай общностар колбоһууларын түмүгүнэн, баар буолбута. :::* '''Ньуучча кинээһиликтэрэ''' (XII—XVI үйэлэргэ) — историческэй Русь һиригэр һудаарыстыбынай тэрийиилэр. Толору эбэтэр үксүн аныгы Беларусь, Россия, Украина, Польша, Молдова, Румыния, Латвия уонна Эстония һирдэригэр баар этилэр. :::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:46, 10 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Простите за задержку [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:46, 10 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Беззаботный. :::::Не могли бы вы это перевести? :::::Его первой опубликованной книгой была La xerca per Pahoa, написанная на Лингва франка нова. Эта новелла рассказывает о путешествии, которое совершает Joan, чтобы найти меч Pahoa, меч с магическими силами, который может использовать только истинный наследник королевства Линкуо. Это была первая оригинальная история, опубликованная на Лингва франка нова. Другие книги, опубликованные на этом языке, включают A, B и C. Другие книги, изданные на этом языке, включают Pensas rimada, Rancur и трилогию La Club de la Marcia. :::::Затем следующая книга была опубликована на Оксиденталь. В этом случае это был также оригинальный текст Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas. Другие книги, опубликованные на этом языке, включают Li tresor de Fluvglant, Subuqti, Li Crímines de Cnocorran и Reminiscenties. :::::В апреле 2025 года он опубликовал Euris estremeñus i sotras poemas, свою первую работу на языке Эстремадуры. Разделенная на три части, первая содержит несколько стихотворений о разных героях Эстремадуры (Эрнан Кортес, Франсиско Писарро и Инес Суарес, среди прочих); вторая часть содержит религиозные стихотворения; а третья — различные стихотворения без общей темы. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 11:04, 10 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Гини маӈнайгы бигэргэтиллибит кинигэтэ — La xerca per Pahoa, Лингва франка нова тылын һуруллубут. Бу новелла Joan, Pahoa болот булаары, барыытын туһунан кэпсиир. Pahoa — магическэй күүстээк болот, ол болоту дьиӈнээк Линкуо коруоллугун салгааччыта туттуогун һөп. Бу маӈнайгы оригинальнай Лингва франка нова тылынан бигэргиллибит өһө. Атын бу тылынан бигэргэтиллибит кинигэлэр: Pensas rimadad, Rancur уонна La Club de la Marcia трилогията. ::::::Онтон нөӈүө, гини Оксиденталь тылынан бэчээттии сагалаабыта. Ол кинигэ — эмиэ оригинальнай тиэкис — «Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas». Атын бу тылынан бигэргэтиллибит кинигэлэр, Li tresor de Fluvglant, Subuqti, Li Crímines de Cnocorran уонна Reminiscenties киллэрэллэр. ::::::2025 һылын, таба эмийдиир ыйыгар, гини Euris estremeñus i sotras poemas кинигэни бигэргэппитэ, Эстремадура тылынан һуруллубут маӈнайгы үлэтин һуруйбута. Ол кинигэ үс чааска быһыллыбыта, маӈнайгы ис коһоонугар хас даганы, араас Эстремадура дьоруойдарын туһунан, коһооннор; иккис ис коһоонугар эӈин-эӈин итэгэл туһунан коһооннор; онтон үһүс — эӈин-эӈин тиэмэлэрэ һуок коһооннор. [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 11:51, 10 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Спасибо. Не могли бы вы это перевести? :::::::* Сокра́т (др.-греч. Σωκράτης; около 469 года до н. э., Афины — 399 год до н. э., Афины) — древнегреческий философ. Его учение разделило древнегреческую философию на «досократический» и «сократовский» периоды. В отличие от предшественников, которых интересовали вопросы сотворения космоса и всего сущего, Сократ стал изучать внутренний мир человека. С Сократом и его учением связаны разнообразные парадоксы. Один из них состоит в том, что нашим современникам ничего достоверно не известно о деталях учения Сократа. В то же время не вызывает сомнения «разворот» направления развития философии, который связан с именем Сократа. :::::::* Аристо́тель (др.-греч. Ἀριστοτέλης, 384—322 годы до нашей эры) — греческий философ и эрудит классического периода в Древней Греции, яркий пример «универсального человека». :::::::* Плато́н (др.-греч. Πλάτων; 428/427 или 424/423 — 348/347 до н. э.) — афинский философ классического периода Древней Греции, основатель платонической школы мысли и Академии, первого высшего учебного заведения в западном мире. :::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 17:11, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::* '''Сократ''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-grc|Σωκράτης}}; 469 б. э. и., Афиннар — 399 б. э. и., Афиннар) — былыргы гириэк философа. Гини үөрэгэ былыргы гириэк философиятын «сократ иннитэ» уонна «сократ кэннитэ» периодтарга араарыллыбыта. Гини иннинээги философтар үксүн космос уонна туок барыта үөскээбитин үөрэтэр этилэр, онтон Сократ киһи иһинээги дойдутун үөрэппитэ. Сократы кытта элбэк парадокстар һибээстээктэр. ::::::::* '''Аристотель''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-grc|Ἀριστοτέλης}}; 384 б. э. и. — 322 б. э. и.) — Былыргы Греция классическэй периодын философа, «универсальнай киһи» колобура. ::::::::* '''Платон''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-grc|Πλάτων}}; 428/427 б. э. и. эбэтэр 424/423 б. э. и. — 348/347 б. э. и.) — Былыргы Греция классическэй периодын философа, платоническэй һанаа ускуолатын уонна академиятын, һаапат маӈнайгы үрдүк таһымнаак ускуола тэрийээччитэ. ::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 03:26, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Простите, просто явно в основном занимался якутской Википедией и переводом на translatewiki, так что я не успел перевести то, что вы написали. Я точно помню что-то было, вы подумали мне это неинтересно? Или я в чем-то путаюсь [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 13:47, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::И еще, я вроде бы перевел Most important messages, но это не 13%, поэтому я перевел немного чтобы было 13%, вы знаете когда примерно можно будет использовать долганский язык для интерфейса [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 14:03, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::* Бенеди́кт Спино́за (лат. Benedictus de Spinoza, исп. Baruj Espinosa — при рождении Бару́х Спино́за, ивр. ברוך שפינוזה‎; 24 ноября 1632, Амстердам, Королевство Нидерланды — 21 февраля 1677, Гаага, Королевство Нидерланды) — нидерландский философ-рационалист и натуралист еврейского происхождения, один из главных представителей философии Нового времени. Большинство работ написано на латинском языке. Считается первым, кто описал рамки мировоззрения пантеизма. :::::::::::* Го́тфрид Ви́льгельм Ле́йбниц (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz или нем. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz; 21 июня (1 июля) 1646 — 14 ноября 1716) — немецкий философ, логик, математик, механик, физик, юрист, историк, дипломат, изобретатель и языковед. Основатель и первый президент Берлинской академии наук, член Лондонского королевского общества (1673), иностранный член Французской академии наук. :::::::::::* Рене́ Дека́рт (фр. René Descartes, латинизированное имя: Renatus Cartesius; 31 марта 1596, Лаэ (ныне Декарт), Королевство Франция — 11 февраля 1650, Стокгольм, Королевство Швеция) — французский философ, математик и естествоиспытатель; один из основоположников философии Нового времени, создатель аналитической геометрии, одна из ключевых фигур научной революции. :::::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 15:25, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::* '''Бенедикт Спиноза''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Benedictus de Spinoza}}, төрүүрүгэр — '''Барух Спиноза''', {{Wp/dlg/Lang-he|ברוך שפינוזה}}; 1632 күн түһэр ыйын 24, Амстердам, Нидерландар Коруоллуга — 1677 үөлэс ыйын 21, Гаага, Нидерландалар Коруоллуга) — дьэбириэй төрүттээк, философ-рационалист уонна натурлист, Һаӈа кэм философиятын биир бөдөӈ кыттыылаага. Гини үлэлэрин, үксүн, латыын тылынан һуруйар этэ. Пантеизм мировоззрениятын маӈнайгы ойууһута. ::::::::::::* '''Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-de|Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz}}; 1646 көмүөл ыйын 21 [кумаар түһэр ыйын 1], Лейпциг — 1716 күн түһэр ыйын 14, Ганновер) — ньиэмэс филоһофа, логика, математика, мэхээникэ, фиизикэ, юриһэ, историга, дипломата, изобретателя уонна языковеда. Берлин наукалар академиятын тэрийээччитэ уонна маӈнайгы бэрэсидьиэнэ. ::::::::::::* '''Рене Декарт''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-fr|René Descartes}}, латыннаммыт аата — {{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Renatus Cartesius}}; 1596 һырай һылыйар ыйын 31, Лаэ, Быраансыйа Коруоллуга — 1650 үөлэс ыйын 11, Стокгольм, Һибиэссийэ Коруоллуга) — боронсуус философа, математика уонна естествоиспытателя; Һаӈа кэм философиятын биир бөдөӈ киһитэ, аналитическэй геометрия төрүттээччитэ, научнай өрөбөлүүссүйэ биир бөдөӈ киһитэ. ::::::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 03:28, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Спасибо. Есть ли какие-то статьи, перевод которых был бы вам более интересен? Может быть, из [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85 этого] списка? == Новые переводы == Не могли бы вы это перевести? * Уэнди Эшби(1950-2015) была британским лингвистом и соавтором сконструированного международного вспомогательного языка Глоса, который она разработала в сотрудничестве с Роном Кларком. Она известна своим вкладом в упрощенные, культурно нейтральные системы общения и своими усилиями по продвижению Glosa как образовательного и международного средства. * Рональд Чарльз Кларк (28 апреля 1914 г. – 12 июня 2000 г.) был британским биологом, лингвистом и педагогом, наиболее известным по своей роли в разработке и продвижении Глоса, упрощенного международного вспомогательного языка, полученного из Интерглосса, изначально созданного Ланселотом Хогбеном. Позднее сотрудничество Кларка с Уэнди Эшби сыграло центральную роль в превращении Glosa в практичный и доступный инструмент для международного общения и образования. * Попробовав разные искусственные языки, он в конце концов решил писать только на Глосе, так как обнаружил, что это самый простой и удобный язык для международного общения. * Лао-цзы (Мудрый Старец; кит. 老子, пиньинь Lǎo Zǐ, VI век до н. э.) — древнекитайский философ VI-V веков до н. э., которому приписывается авторство классического даосского философского трактата «Дао дэ цзин». В рамках современной исторической науки историчность Лао-цзы подвергается сомнению, тем не менее в научной литературе он часто всё равно определяется как основоположник даосизма[2]. В религиозно-философском учении большинства даосских школ Лао-цзы традиционно почитается как божество — один из Трёх Чистых. * Конфу́ций (кит. 孔子, пиньинь Kǒngzǐ, палл. Кун-цзы, Чжэнчжан: [*kʰloːŋʔ ʔslɯʔ]; реже — кит. 孔夫子, пиньинь Kǒngfūzǐ, палл. Кун Фу-цзы, Чжэнчжан: [*kʰloːŋʔ pa ʔslɯʔ]; латинизировано как Confucius[1]; собственные имена 孔丘 Кун Цю и 孔仲尼 Кун Чжунни [2], ок. 551 до н. э., близ Цюйфу — 479 до н. э., Цюйфу[3]) — древний мыслитель и философ Китая. Его учение оказало глубокое влияние на жизнь Китая и Восточной Азии, став основой философской системы, известной как конфуцианство. * Лю́двиг Йо́зеф Иога́нн Витгенште́йн (нем. Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (немецкий: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈjoːzɛf 'joːhan ˈvɪtɡn̩ʃtaɪn]); 26 апреля 1889, Вена, Австро-Венгрия — 29 апреля 1951, Кембридж, Великобритания) — австрийско-британский философ, работавший в основном в области логики, философии математики, философии разума и философии языка[4]. Считается одним из величайших философов XX века[5][6]. Спасибо --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 06:10, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :* '''Уэнди Эшби''' (1950—2015) — ааӈыл лингибииһэ уонна, Рон Кларктын кытта, аан дойду көмөлөһөр Глоса тылын тэрийээччитэ. :* '''Рональд Чарльз Кларк''' (1914 таба эмийдир ыйын 28 — 2000 көмүөл ыйын 12) — ааӈыл биолога, лингибииһэ уонна учытала. Глоса тылын, Интерглосса тылтан таксыбыт оӈоһуу тылы, тэрийиитигэр уонна таргатыытыгар улакан руолу ылбытынан биллиини ылбыта. Онтон Уэнди Эшби кытта Глоса тыл, омуктар ыккардынаагы кэпсэтэргэ уонна үөрэк секторыгарга, туттуллар тыл буолаары үлэлэспиттэрэ. :* '''Лао-цзы''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-zh|老子}} — Lǎo Zǐ; VI б. э. и. үйэ) — VI—V б. э. и. үйэлэтээги, былыргы Кытай философа, гиниэкэ «Дао де цзин» классическэй даос философскай трактатын ааптара. :* '''Конфуций''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-zh|孔子}} — Kǒngzǐ, {{Wp/dlg/Lang-la|Confucius}}; 551 б. э. и., Цюйфу аттытыгар — 479 б. э. и., Цюйфу) — былыргы Кытай мыслителя уонна философа. Кини үөрэгэ Кытайга уонна Аллара Азияга улаканнык һабардамнаабыта, конфуцианство философскай систематын төрүтүнэн буолан. :* '''Людвиг Йозеф Иоганн Витгенштейн''' ({{Wp/dlg/Lang-de|Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein}}; 1889 таба эмийдир ыйын 26, Вена, Австро-Венгрия — 1951 таба эмийдир ыйын 29, Кембридь, Улакан Британия) — австро-бритаан, логика, математика философиятыгар, өй-һанаа философиятыгар уонна тыл философиятын үксүн өттүтүгэр үлэлээбит, философа. XX үйэ биир муӈ бөдөӈ философа. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 15:50, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Спасибо. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 16:26, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::Вы разбираетесь в шаблонах? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 06:51, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Более или менее, я могу создавать простые. Хотите что-нибудь новое? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 09:57, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Мне бы хотелось сделать как в [https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata%20prinzipala Wikipedia ladina], эту «галерею» или «карусель» статей, но у меня не получилось, хотя я все скопировал и даже перевел: ([[Template:Wp/dlg/Main page/Һырайдар каруселляра]] [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:00, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::главная страница в этой Википедии довольно сложная, и я бы предложил иметь еще одну, пока энциклопедия находится в инкубаторе. Однако, если вы все еще предпочитаете эту, я постараюсь сделать все возможное, чтобы создать ее. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:38, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ладно, давайте попробуем сделать вторую заглавную страницу, посмотрим какая лучше, если что стиль попытаюсь переделать [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:48, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Я создам разные главные страницы, а затем вы выберете ту, которая вам больше нравится. Но мне понадобится время, чтобы сделать это, потому что я занят несколькими проектами, которые я делаю одновременно. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:51, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Хорошо, заранее спасибо [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:52, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Oh, I noticed that you don't understand Russian, should I switch to English? [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 10:53, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Oh, great, thanks. I have being using Google Translate all this time to try to help you to the best of my ability because my Russian is basically Zdravsvuytye and Paka xd. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 10:57, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::[[Wp/dlg/Һүрүн һырай|As you can see]], I succeeded, I don’t know how, but this is a different template [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 04:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::Wow, congratulations. Sorry for not have been able to help with that... It looks great, and thanks for putting Cosmoglotta there :) [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 05:31, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Translation request == Hi, could you please translate this? * Грамматика * Глоса — это аналитический, почти изолирующий язык, не использующий окончаний, суффиксов или приставок. Грамматические значения выражаются порядком слов в предложении и служебными словами. * Словообразование осуществляется при помощи словосложения или конверсии. Многие слова в глосе могут выступать в качестве различных частей речи, насколько позволяет их значение и здравый смысл (например, difere отличаться, отличающийся, отличие). * Порядок слов в глосе жёсткий: подлежащее — сказуемое — косвенное дополнение — прямое дополнение. * Определение стоит, как правило, перед определяемым. Thanks. --[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:27, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :* Грамматика :* Глоса тыла — һыһыалыылары туттубат, изолирующай курдук тыл. Грамматическэй һуолталар тыллар бэрээдэктэринэн уонна анал тыллар туттуутунан бэлиэтэнэр. :* Глоса тылыгар тыллар эбиилэринэн уонна конверсияттан үөскүүллэр. Глоса тылыгар үгүс тыл атын-атын һаӈа чаас буолуон һөптөр (Колобур: difere уларыйыы, уларыйар, уларый). :* Глоса тыл этии чилиэннэрэ һуостаак бэрээдэктээк: туһаан — туоктуур — косвеннай толоруу — көнө толоруу. :* Быһаарыы, үксүн, быһаарыллар тыл иннитигэр турар. :[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:49, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks, could you please translate this? ::* Articles ::* Nouns ::* Adjectives ::* Adverbs ::* Numbers ::* Ordinals ::* Verbs ::* Interrogatives ::* Relative pronouns ::* Demonstrative pronouns ::* Inflection of adjectives and adverbs ::* Word order and accentuation ::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 05:54, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::* Һырайдар :::* Аат тыллар :::* Дагааһын ааттар :::* Һыһыаттар :::* Аксаан ааттар :::* Туоктуурдар :::* Ыйытыылар :::* Һолбуйар ааттар :::* Ыйар һолбуйар ааттар :::* Дагааһын ааттар уонна һыһыаттар склонениялара :::* Тыллар бэрээдэктэрэ уонна ударение :::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 07:37, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::::ARTICLES ::::un a, an (indefinite article, without any change in gender of number): un libro a book, un femina a woman, un infante a child. le the (definite article, without any change in gender or number, like in English): le libro, le infante, le casa. In plural: le libros the books, le infantes the children, le casas the houses. ::::NOUNS ::::-s/-es makes the plural:-s is used after a vowel: un auto, multe autos a car, many cars-es is used after a consonant: un nation [natsiånn] a nation, le Nationes Unite The United Nations (UN). ::::ADJECTIVES ::::Adjectives are not declined in gender or number: Un bon libro a good book, bon libros good books, un femina intelligente an intelligent woman, feminas intelligente intelligent women. Adjectives are normally placed after nouns. Short and frequently used adjectives can, however, be placed before. ::::ADVERBS ::::-mente (in English: -ly) is the ending for adverbs based on adjectives: un auto rapide a fast car, le auto va rapidemente the car goes fast. Adjectives ending in -ic use -amente: practic – practicamente, energic – energicamente, specific – specificamente ::::• There are a few, short adverbs, often ending in -o: ben well, mal bad, poco little, multo very, solo only. ::::• Some frequent adverbs for time, space, etc., are: hodie today, deman tomorrow, tosto soon, ora now, ci here, foras outside, forsan maybe. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 11:19, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::::АРТИКЛЬДАР :::::''un'' (неопределеннай артикль, родтара эбэтэр аксаана уларыйбат артикльа): ''un libro'' — кинигэ, ''un femina'' — дьактар, ''un infante'' — ого. ''le'' (определеннай артикль, рода эбэтэр аксаана уларыйбат артикльа): ''le libro(s)'' — кинигэ(лэр), ''le infante(s)'' — ого(лор), ''le casa(s)'' — дьиэ(лэр). :::::ААТ ТЫЛЛАР :::::''-s/-es'' һыһыарыылар үгүс аксааннаак тыллары үөскэтэллэр: ''-s'' аһагас доргоон кэнниттэн туттуллар: ''un auto'', ''multe autos'' — биир массыына, массыыналар; ''-es'' бүтэй доргоон кэнниттэн туттуллар: ''un nation'' — нация, ''le Nationes Unite'' — Илбэлэммит Нациялар Тэриллэрэ (ИНТ). :::::ДАГААҺЫН ААТТАР :::::Дагааһын ааттар родтарынан уонна аксааннарынан уларыйбаттар: ''un bon libro'' — үчүгэй кинигэ, ''bon libros'' — үчүгэй кинигэлэр, ''un femina intelligente'' — өйдөөк дьактар, ''feminas intelligente'' — өйдөөк дьакталлар. Дагааһын ааттар үксүн аат тыллар кэнниттэринэн тураллар, ол эрээри кылгас уонна үгүс туттуллар дагааһын ааттар аат тыллар иннилэригэр туруоктарын һин. :::::ҺЫҺЫАТТАР :::::''-mente'' (долган тылыгар: -ник, -нык уо. д. а.) — һыһыаттар һыһыарыылара: ''un auto rapide'' — түргэн массыына, ''le auto va rapidemente'' — массыына түргэнник айанныыр. ''-ic'' һыһыарыынан бүтэр дагааһын ааттар, ''-amente'' һыһыарыыны тутталлар: ''practic'' – ''practicamente'', ''energic'' – ''energicamente'', ''specific'' – ''specificamente''. :::::* Кыра һыһыаттар үксүн ''-o''-нан бүтэллэр: ''poco'' — кыра, ''multo'' — олус (бэрт), ''solo'' — ирэ. :::::* Миэстэни, бириэмэни уо. д. а. көрдөрөр, үгүс туттуллар һыһыаттар: ''hodie'' — бүгүн, ''deman'' — һарсын, ''tosto'' — һотору, ''ora'' — билигин, ''ci'' — манна, ''foras'' — таһырдьа, ''forsan'' — багар. :::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 12:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thanks, here is the next one: ::::::Demonstrative pronouns are never declined. iste this, these. ille that/those: vole tu iste tassa o ille? do you want this cup of that (one)? When used independently, they are declined in singular/plural, used as personal pronouns: interlingua es comprensibile per milliones, sin que istes lo ha studiate interlingua is understable for millions, without these having studied it, ille amava historias – istos esseva parve reportos con photos he loved stories – these were small reports with photos. [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 13:08, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ыйар һолбуйар ааттар каһан даганы родтарынан уонна аксааннарынан уларыйбаттар. ''iste'' — ити. ''ille'' — ол: ''vole tu iste tassa o ille?'' — ол чаасканы багарагын? Бэйэлэрэ, гинилэр үгүс уонна биир аксааӈӈа уларыйаллар уонна киһи һолбуйар аата буолар: ''interlingua es comprensibile per milliones, sin que istes lo ha studiate'' интерлингуа тыла, үөрэппэтэккинэ даганы, мөлүйүөннэргэ өйдөнөр. [[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 15:17, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::* qui [ki] who/which (as a subject, about persons): le damas qui canta es famose the ladies, who sing, are famous. ::::::::* que [ke] which/that (all other cases): le libro que io lege es bon the book, which I read, is good, le senior que tu videva mangia ora the gentleman, that you saw, is eating now, le machina con que ille labora es german the machine he works with is German. ::::::::* le qual (in singular) which/that: le casa vetere, le qual esseva renovate, es micre the old house, which was renovated, is small. ::::::::* le quales (in plural) which/that: le paises, in le quales on desira usar le medicina, debe acceptar lo the countries, in which you wish to use the medicine, have to accept it. ::::::::* lo que what (about an entire phrase): le patre non sape ancora lo que su filio ha facite the father still does not know what his son has done. ::::::::* cuje whose: un anglese, cuje nomine es un secreto, parla in le radio an Englishman, whose name is a secret, talks on the radio. ::::::::[[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 07:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::::::* ''qui'' [ki] ким/каһыс (дьон туһунан): ''le damas qui canta es famose'' — ыллыыр дьакталлар, биллиилээктэр. :::::::::* ''que'' [ke] каһыс/ол (атын тиһиктэринэн): ''le libro que io lege es bon'' — мин аагар кинигэм үчүгэй, ''que tu videva mangia ora'' — эн көрбүт дьентельмеенын аһыыр, ''e machina con que ille labora es'' — ньиэмэс үлэлиир массыыната — ньиэмэс. :::::::::* ''la qual'' (биир аксааӈнаак) каһыс/ол: ''le casa vetere, le qual esseva renovate, es'' — ремуоннаммыт эргэ дьиэ — кыра. :::::::::* ''la quales'' (үгүс аксааӈнаак) каһыс/ол: ''le paises, in le quales on desira usar le medicina, debe acceptar lo''. :::::::::* ''lo que'' туок (толору өс туһунан): ''le patre non sape ancora lo que su filio ha facite'' — уол ого агата, гини тугу гыммытын, билигин даганы билбэт. :::::::::* ''cuje'' кимиэнэ: ''un anglese, cuje nomine es un secreto, parla in le radio'' — аата биллибэт ааӈылычаанын араадьыйага һаӈарар. :::::::::[[User:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[User talk:Sauit|talk]]) 12:39, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::esque (meaning “is it that” but often not translated) begins a question: esque tu vide mi nove auto? do you see my new car? You can also say: vide tu mi nove auto? ::::::::::que? what, which (about things): que eveni? what’s happening? ::::::::::qui? who, which (about persons): qui es la? who’s there? de qui es le cavallo? whose is the horse? ::::::::::qual? which: qual libro vole tu leger? Un libro interessante which book will you read? An interesting book. ::::::::::quando? when (what time): quando arriva le traino? when does the train arrive? ::::::::::como? how (about the way): como parla ille? how does he speak? como sta tu? how are you? ::::::::::ubi? where: ubi habita vos? where do you live? de ubi veni vos? where do you come from? a ubi nos va ora? where are vi going now? ::::::::::proque? why (about cause): proque plora le infante? why is the child weeping? ::::::::::quanto? how much (quantity, quantitate): quanto costa un camera pro un nocte? how much does a room cost for one night? ::::::::::quante…? how many…: quante personas vide tu? how many persons do you see? quante tempore dura le film? how much time does the film run for? [[User:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[User talk:Jon Gua|talk]]) 12:47, 1 July 2025 (UTC) 1ht4olnwl6pgtz7segc4c3nhs2f5eca 0 3581499 6699676 6591880 2025-07-02T04:53:27Z NikolasKHF 2597950 change {{sas}} -> {{lang|sas}}, remove [[Category:A]], add links 6699676 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/lang|sas}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/mambu|mambu]], [[Wt/bew/bau|bau]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] 8n3qlzr6xi4ry4qdz6bztoa5ozwtwcg 0 3581500 6699674 6591881 2025-07-02T04:51:20Z NikolasKHF 2597950 6699674 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-v-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/ajar|ajar]], [[Wt/bew/deres|deres]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] 7ut95tmoxz7pyk4732jppgtpxfyco2c 0 3581501 6699681 6679503 2025-07-02T04:58:02Z NikolasKHF 2597950 /* {{Wt/bew/sas}} */ 6699681 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} {{Wt/bew/audio|id|LL-Q9240 (ind)-Writingtradition-bakat.wav}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} bakat =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms|tr=[[Wt/bew/باکت|باکت]]}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} bakat =={{Wt/bew/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/bew/head|sas|tr=[[Wt/bew/ᬩᬓᬢ᭄|ᬩᬓᬢ᭄]]}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-v-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/kena|kena]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] [[Category:Wt/bew/WikiPerkawi 2025]] 0hlu9tey6xl8m9eehal328ki3222bu6 0 3581502 6699677 6591885 2025-07-02T04:54:09Z NikolasKHF 2597950 change {{sas}} -> {{lang|sas}}, remove [[Category:A]], add links 6699677 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/lang|sas}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-v-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/kanti|kanti]], [[Wt/bew/ngèntenin|ngèntenin]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] tlcri5en0dp2ylpr32kjmex86fpe46s 0 3581504 6699680 6591887 2025-07-02T04:57:20Z NikolasKHF 2597950 change {{sas}} -> {{lang|sas}}, remove [[Category:B]], add links 6699680 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/lang|sas}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/bocah|bocah]] [[Wt/bew/lanang|lanang]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] kr6o4e8xxag3r4k5zkr3t9turcv40m2 0 3581511 6699679 6591911 2025-07-02T04:56:00Z NikolasKHF 2597950 change {{sas}} -> {{lang|sas}}, remove [[Category:A]], add links 6699679 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/lang|sas}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-v-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/gableg|gableg]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] 1cegxd7j64k30b1ldfw8gikh5frpnm0 0 3581513 6699683 6591917 2025-07-02T04:59:09Z NikolasKHF 2597950 change {{sas}} -> {{lang|sas}}, remove [[Category:B]], add links 6699683 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/lang|sas}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-num-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/lapan|lapan]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] la67qlz94iqwccs3xp28gra435xu4lw 4 3583717 6699656 6697874 2025-07-02T03:08:15Z SpBot 2587929 archiving 1 section from [[Incubator:Requests for starting a test]] (after section [[Incubator:Requests for starting a test/Archive/2025#Wy/be-tarask|Wy/be-tarask]]) 6699656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talkarchive}} == [[Wp/grt|Garo Wikipedia]] == * Proposed project: Wikipedia/ * Language: [[w:Garo language|Garo language]] * MediaWiki code: * Temporary main page: [[Wp/grt/Main Page]] * Other Wikimedia projects: * Proposed Wikimedia project: https://grt.wikipedia.org/ The Garo language, also known as Achik, and identified by the ISO 639-3 code "grt", is a vibrant and integral part of the cultural and linguistic heritage of the Garo people, predominantly residing in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India, and parts of Bangladesh. {{Section resolved|1=<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:07, 17 March 2025 (UTC)}} == [[Wt/prg|Prussian Wiktionary]] == * Proposed project: Wiktionary * Language: Prussian * MediaWiki code: prg * Temporary main page: [[Wt/prg/Main Page]] * Other Wikimedia projects: * Proposed Wikimedia project: https://prg.wikiproject.org/ [[User:Aklbmd164|Aklbmd164]] ([[User talk:Aklbmd164|talk]]) 15:31, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :As this language is extinct, this is not possible. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 21:20, 21 January 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]]: Isn't that matter rather controversial? SIL lists it as Living, and Ethnologue as Endangered (and at some point in the past, Dormant). Atleast one academical source ([https://journals.ispan.edu.pl/index.php/adeptus/article/view/a.2626 here]) points to the existence of 4 children that speak it natively. I was doing this quick research before answering, but I am not so sure, should it still be considered as extinct? [[User:Iohanen|Iohanen]] <small>(Garcez)</small> ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 21:35, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::If the user speaks the language and wants to make this point, it should best be discussed in a Request on Meta. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 20:25, 15 March 2025 (UTC) ==Idoma== I will like to start up a Wikipedia test language on Idoma Language. Idoma Language is one of the Languages in Nigeria the ISO code is Idu [[User:Ori Adam-Onum|Ori Adam-Onum]] <small>(Ori)</small> ([[User talk:Ori Adam-Onum |talk]]) 22:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == [[Wp/idu|Idoma Wikipedia]] == * Proposed project: Wikipedia/Wiktionary/Wikibooks/Wikiquote/Wikinews/Wikivoyage * Language: [[w:idoma language|idoma language]] * MediaWiki code: * Temporary main page: [[Wp/idu/Main Page]] * Other Wikimedia projects: * Proposed Wikimedia project: https://idu.wikipedia.org/ your reason here. --[[User:Ori Adam-Onum|ori]] ([[User talk:Ori Adam-Onum|talk]]) 22:15, 12 April 2025 (UTC) I will like to start a test language in Idoma Language Wikipedia. Idoma Language is one of the many languages in Nigeria with little or no online presence, I will like to revitalize idoma Language on Wikipedia to avoid it from going into extinction in the coming years. we have group of volunteers that are ready to keep it active from its Incubator time till when it's finally approved :It seems there is no problem with your request. I'd recommend you create a userpage with a Babel language proficiency template ([[User:Iohanen|check mine]] for an example). If you don't have any proficiency in the language you shouldn't proceed further, but if you do, you can go to the [[Help:Manual|Manual]] to start your test-wiki. Do not forget to issue a [[meta:Language_committee/Handbook_(requesters)|request for a new language]] if you want your wiki to have its own independent website!<br/>Good luck and best regards &mdash; [[User:Iohanen|<b>Garcez</b>]] ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 20:30, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[omy/ISO 639-3|Old Malay]] == * Proposed project: Wikipedia * Language: [[w:Old Malay|Old Malay]] * Script : Latin * MediaWiki code: * Temporary main page: [[Wp/omy/Main Page]] * Other Wikimedia projects: * Proposed Wikimedia project: https://omy.wikipedia.org/ Old Malay is a term used to refer to the written Malay language found in several inscriptions dating from the 7th to 10th centuries AD found in Sumatra. Malay Peninsula and Java. Ancient Malay uses a variety of scripts starting from Pallawa. Gangga, Jawi, Rencong and many more so I prefer to write them in Latin script. My aim in submitting Old Malay to be included in the Wikimedia Incubator is to preserve and commemorate the original Malay grammar and vocabulary that has not been influenced by English. Modern Malay has SVO grammar, while Austronesian languages ​​should be VSO. {{Use prefixed copy|Unsigned}}<small class="autosigned">— The preceding [[w:Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Manggisjeruk|Manggisjeruk]] ([[User talk:Manggisjeruk|{{lc:{{int:talk}}}}]] • [[Special:Contributions/Manggisjeruk|{{lc:{{int:contribslink}}}}]]){{#if:02:47, 11 May 2025 (UTC)|&#32;02:47, 11 May 2025 (UTC)|}}.</small> :"Old" languages are not allowed for Wikipedias. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 22:35, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::But Old English / Englisc is exist in Wikipedia. https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heafodtramet [[User:Manggisjeruk|Manggisjeruk]] ([[User talk:Manggisjeruk|talk]]) 03:16, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Manggisjeruk|Manggisjeruk]] Those existing Wikipedias in such Extinct/Historical languages ([[:la:|Latin]], [[:lzh:|Literary Chinese]], [[:sa:|Sanskrit]], etc.) were existing only because they were established before the adoption of [[m:Language proposal policy|LPP]], they are no longer allowed anymore unless if someone suggests a revision (e.g. via [[m:RFC]]?). Under current LPP policy, they are barred for testing. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 07:31, 17 May 2025 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:52, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</small> == Tawallammat Tamajaq == Hello! I would like to request a new Wikitest. * Proposed project: Wikipedia * Language: [[:en:Tawallammat Tamajaq language|Tawallammat Tamajaq language]] * ISO code: ttq * Temporary Main Page: Main Page * Other Wikimedia Project: none --[[User:ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19|ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19]] ([[User talk:ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19|talk]]) 23:38, 17 May 2025 (UTC) :I support this language to have its own Wikipedia.--[[User:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[User talk:Essaidib2|talk]]) 23:59, 17 May 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you.--[[User:ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19|ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19]] ([[User talk:ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19|talk]]) 21:39, 19 May 2025 (UTC) :It seems there is no problem with your request, you can go ahead and start your project! Do check the [[Incubator:Manual]] if you aren't familiar with Incubator yet. Also, be sure to create a user profile that shows your proficiency in the language using the <code><nowiki>{{#babel:|langcode}}</nowiki></code> template (for instance <code><nowiki>{{#babel:|pt}}</nowiki></code> for Portuguese). If you are not proficient in the language you are proposing, please do not continue. <br/>Best regards &mdash; [[User:Iohanen|<b>Garcez</b>]] ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 07:22, 18 May 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you.--[[User:ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19|ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19]] ([[User talk:ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵖ19|talk]]) 11:46, 19 May 2025 (UTC) == [[Wp/dbj|Ida'an Wikipedia]] == * Proposed project: Wikipedia * Language: [[w:Idaʼan language|Idaʼan language]] * ISO code: dbj * Temporary main page: [[Wp/dbj/Main Page]] * Other Wikimedia projects: none * Proposed Wikimedia project: https://dbj.wikiproject.org/ I found a speaker that would contribute to the project. --[[User:Mirlim|Mirlim]] ([[User talk:Mirlim|talk]]) 14:02, 28 May 2025 (UTC) == [[Wy/be-tarask]] == * Proposed project: Wiktionary/Wikibooks/Wikiquote/Wikinews/Wikivoyage * Language: [[w:belarusian language|belarusian language]] * MediaWiki code: bel * Temporary main page: [[Wy/be-tarask/Галоўная старонка]] * Other Wikimedia projects: * Proposed Wikimedia project: https://be-tarask.wikivoyage.org/ ISO 639-2 : bel ISO 639-1 : be [[User:Ясамойла|Ясамойла]] ([[User talk:Ясамойла|talk]]) 16:46, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :Why not just using the pre-existing [[Wy/be|Belarusian Wikivoyage test]]? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 23:31, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :The Belarusian (be-tarask) project has already been started. &mdash; [[User:Iohanen|<b>Garcez</b>]] ([[User talk:Iohanen|talk]]) 07:17, 18 May 2025 (UTC) ::{{ping|Iohanen}} I strongly recomment you to re-consider this due to an [[Incubator:Requests_for_deletions#Wb/be-tarask,_Wn/be-tarask,_Wq/be-tarask_and_Wy/be-tarask|ongoing deletion request]], as Belarusian test Wikivoyage already exists at '''[[Wy/be]]''', and Taraškievica is neither a language nor having a valid code. --[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 23:47, 19 May 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Ясамойла}} keke [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:51, 31 May 2025 (UTC) 2brm628r2dbcl0fvh1a8gdygbsp3mxf 0 3587957 6699672 6614236 2025-07-02T04:49:53Z NikolasKHF 2597950 6699672 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/lang|sas}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|sas}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|sas}} [[Wt/bew/méra|méra]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] [[Category:Wt/bew/B]] p625xqc20xk0iv4hdvoh6c7g15w9gg6 0 3588292 6699815 6614718 2025-07-02T11:21:04Z Swarabakti 2526161 6699815 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/bew/ro}} == {{Wt/bew/-head-|ro}} * {{Wt/bew/-n-|ro}} # embé'; kambing kibas [[Category:Wt/bew]] 7dvakbh10gmci46eu4e94us3mb0iqns 0 3588293 6699397 6625845 2025-07-01T13:11:31Z Writingtradition 2603732 6699397 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/bbc}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|bbc}} {{Wt/bew/-n-|bbc}} #Jalan =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|su}} jalan [[Category:Wt/bew]] 2incqwm0pr2jfv7b5f3u102yrjndk3y 0 3594149 6699514 6632625 2025-07-01T16:17:33Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 6699514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Zaida Catalán|Zaida Catalán]] An haife ta a ranar (6 ga Oktoba, 1980 – ta rasu a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2017) ɗan siyasa ce ‘yar ƙasar Sweden wadda ta kasance mamba a jam’iyyar ''Green Party'' kuma shugabar matasan Green Party na Sweden tsakanin 2001 da 2005. A san ta da ayyukanta na fafutuka da suka haɗa da batutuwan muhalli, haƙƙin dabbobi, da haƙƙin ɗan adam (ciki har da goyon baya ga dokar sayen jima’i a Sweden; duba ''Karuwanci a Sweden''). == Zantuka == * Ba zan ja da baya ba. Ni ɗan siyasa ne da za ku iya dogaro da shi. * “''Zaida Catalán: Fito da kuri’u don Turai mai kore''”, The Local (20 ga Mayu, 2009) [[Category:Wq/ha]] 5zkpaw6ujqr4u40vvt8n6h9zqra38mb 0 3594701 6699378 6681651 2025-07-01T12:34:31Z Pitchrigi 2589311 6699378 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-adj-|id}} mèra; abang =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-adj-|ms}} mèra; abang [[Category:Wt/bew]] [[Category:Wt/bew/WikiPerkawi 2025]] 58zbf5atix9fszg43lftppvukhz4syl 2 3595000 6699524 6699020 2025-07-01T16:50:47Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699524 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latte and dark coffee.jpg|thumb|294x294px|Espresso late i temna filtrovana kava]] '''Kava (kafe)''' jest napitok svarjeny iz žarjenyh, mlětyh bobov kavy. Těmnogo kolora, gorka i slegka kysla, kava imaje stimulujuči efekt na ljudij, glavno vslěd sodržanja kafeina, ale takože prodavaje se kak bezkafeinova. Generalno podavaje se gorečeju. Kava imaje največše prodaži na světovom trgu gorečih napitkov. ''test'' ''проба'' Proizvodstvo kavy počinaje se kogda sěmena od kavovyh višnej (plodov rastliny ''Coffea'') odděljajut se, že by dobyti neobžarjene zeleny zrna. Tute "zrna" obžarivajut i potom meljut v male česticy. Kavu varet iz prěmlětyh obžarjenyh zrn, ktore generalno namočajut v gorečej vodě prědže jih odfiltrovati. Obyčno kavu podavajut gorečeju, hoti hladna kava ili kava so ledom takože jest popularna. Kavu možlivo gotoviti i podavati različnymi sposobami (napriměr: espresso, frenč-pres, kapučino, i tako dalje). Cukr, cukrozaměny, mlěko, smetana (krem) često dodajut se, že by zagladiti gorky vkus ili ulěpšiti aromat. [[File:Coffee beans unroasted.jpg|thumb|291x291px|Zelena kava prěd obžarenjem|left]] Hoti kava nyně jest globalnym tovarom, ona imaje dolgu historiju, těsno svezanu s kulinarnymi tradicijami vokrug Črvenogo morja. Věrodostojne svědočstva upotrěbovanja kavy, kak ona upotrěbuje se dnes, pojavjajut se v nyněšnem Jemenu v južnoj Aravijě v srědině 15 stolětja v sufijskyh světiliščah, kde kavove zrna vprvo obžarivali se i varili tak, kako to dělaje se tutčas. Kavove zrna sut kupovali se jemencami v etiopskyh vysokogorjah črěz posrědnikov i kultivirovali se v Jemenu. K 16 stolětju napitok dostignul ostaloj česti Bližnjego Iztoka i Sěvernoj Afriky, a poslě razprostranil se v Evropu. Dva najvyše razprostranjenyh tipa kavy sut ''Coffea arabica'' i ''Coffea robusta.'' Kavove rastliny izrasčajut veče než v 70 državah, najglavno v Amerikah, Jugo-Iztočnoj Azije, indijskom subkontinentu i v Afrikě. Zelena, nežarjena kava trguje se kak agrikulturny tovar. Globalna kavova industrija ocěnivaje se v $495,5 miliarda dolarov po stanju na 2023 god. V 2023 godu Brazilija byla vedučim rastiteljem kavovyh bobov, proizvodeči 31% od vsego světovogo objema, za njej slědoval Vjetnam. Kritiki kavovoj industije ukazyvajut na negativne poslědstva na okolnu prirodu, take kako sěkanje lěsa i vysoko koristanje vody. == Iztočniky == ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:en:Coffee|«Co]]''[[:en:Coffee|''ffee»'']] ''na anglijskom ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coffee&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljenje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' 26glwb277iwl5y9503pt8cj2wkj56md 6699600 6699524 2025-07-01T19:53:55Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sok''' jest napitok dobyvajemy putem ekstrakcije ili tiskanja pridornoj tekutiny sodrživajemoj v ovočah zelenině. Sokom takože imenujut tekutinu, ktoru flavorizovali koncentratom ili inymi prirodnymi tipami [[Wp/isv/Jeda|jedy]], take kako měso ili morska jeda, napriměr sok mekkotělyh (mekkušcev). Sok generalno spotěbuje se kak napitok ili koristaje se kak ingredient ili vkusova dodatka dlja inyh napitkov, takyh kak smuzi. Sok je stal popularnym napitkom poslě pojavjenja pasterizacije, ktora dozvolila jego shranjenje bez fermentacije. 02zoq1tc7p1q6mnpul16aft6l59go70 6699638 6699600 2025-07-01T22:21:26Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699638 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Pomarančevy sok i pomaranče]] '''Sok''' jest napitok dobyvajemy putem ekstrakcije ili tiskanja pridornoj tekutiny sodrživajemoj v ovočah zelenině. Jestvujut takože soky, dobyvajeme iz stebl, korenjev i listov različnyh trav. Sokom takože imenujut tekutinu, ktoru flavorizovali koncentratom ili inymi prirodnymi tipami [[Wp/isv/Jeda|jedy]], take kako měso ili morska jeda, napriměr sok mekkotělyh (mekkušcev). Sok generalno spotěbuje se kak napitok ili koristaje se kak ingredient ili vkusova dodatka dlja inyh napitkov, takyh kak smuzi. Sok je stal popularnym napitkom poslě pojavjenja pasterizacije, ktora dozvolila jego shranjenje bez fermentacije (ktora koristaje se pri proizvodstvu vina)<ref><nowiki>{{-|Ryan A. Ward (1 May 2011). </nowiki>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150214075723/http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward "A Brief History of Fruit and Vegetable Juice Regulation in the United States]". Works.bepress.com. Archived from [https://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward the original] (PDF) on 14 February 2015.}</ref>. Spotrěbovanje soka povyšaje se s rastom dohodov v državě<ref>Singh, Gitanjali M.; Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Lim, Stephen; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Engell, Rebecca E.; Ezzati, Majid; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Müller, Michael (5 August 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 "Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries"]. PLOS ONE. 10 (8): e0124845. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1024845S. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124845]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 4526649]. <nowiki>PMID 26244332</nowiki>.</ref>. == Iztočniky == * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka'' [[:en:Juice|''«Juice»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' anglijskom ''([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juice&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]])''. * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:ru:Сок|«]]''[[:ru:Сок|''Sok»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' ''russkom ([https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' == Spis literatury == <references /> alviobwjrlnhgp9jhu9s6i4ggvx328r 6699639 6699638 2025-07-01T22:21:44Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 /* Spis literatury */ 6699639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Pomarančevy sok i pomaranče]] '''Sok''' jest napitok dobyvajemy putem ekstrakcije ili tiskanja pridornoj tekutiny sodrživajemoj v ovočah zelenině. Jestvujut takože soky, dobyvajeme iz stebl, korenjev i listov različnyh trav. Sokom takože imenujut tekutinu, ktoru flavorizovali koncentratom ili inymi prirodnymi tipami [[Wp/isv/Jeda|jedy]], take kako měso ili morska jeda, napriměr sok mekkotělyh (mekkušcev). Sok generalno spotěbuje se kak napitok ili koristaje se kak ingredient ili vkusova dodatka dlja inyh napitkov, takyh kak smuzi. Sok je stal popularnym napitkom poslě pojavjenja pasterizacije, ktora dozvolila jego shranjenje bez fermentacije (ktora koristaje se pri proizvodstvu vina)<ref>Ryan A. Ward (1 May 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150214075723/http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward "A Brief History of Fruit and Vegetable Juice Regulation in the United States]". Works.bepress.com. Archived from [https://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward the original] (PDF) on 14 February 2015.</ref>. Spotrěbovanje soka povyšaje se s rastom dohodov v državě<ref>Singh, Gitanjali M.; Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Lim, Stephen; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Engell, Rebecca E.; Ezzati, Majid; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Müller, Michael (5 August 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 "Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries"]. PLOS ONE. 10 (8): e0124845. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1024845S. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124845]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 4526649]. <nowiki>PMID 26244332</nowiki>.</ref>. == Iztočniky == * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka'' [[:en:Juice|''«Juice»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' anglijskom ''([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juice&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]])''. * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:ru:Сок|«]]''[[:ru:Сок|''Sok»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' ''russkom ([https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' == Spis literatury == <references /> m7egvqd0c63l3mgc1tum0i0e0ctz80o 0 3598740 6699348 6648237 2025-07-01T12:16:01Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699348 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Gēnitiws aīnagirbausna stesse Nawaprūsiskas gēnerin ''[[Wt/prg/galwo|galwo]]'', ezze Indōeuropīniskan ''[[Wt/prg/galˀwā́ˀ|galˀwā́ˀ]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPAː /galwas/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # pirmins # ukamūisess swarewīngis === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː main * laītawiskanː pagrindinis * lattawiskanː pamata gen attr, galvenais gen attr * maskōwitiskanː главный * miksiskanː Haupt- * pōliskanː główny [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] a64zjtizi8snazbdfxtlqjnx8gnwoj7 0 3602102 6699711 6663933 2025-07-02T06:42:56Z Akbar Soepadhi 2553650 removed [[Category:Wb/su]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 6699711 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ciamis_Sundanese_lexicon_kanjat.png|thumb]] '''ᮊᮔ᮪ᮏᮒ᮪''' ᮇᮀ ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮜᮙᮧ ᮓᮦᮮᮥ ᮉᮊᮧ ᮆᮞᮦ ᮗᮘᮥᮄ ᮎᮄ ᮆᮁᮜᮦ ᮞᮑᮡᮦᮜᮤ ᮔᮥᮄ ᮊᮔᮦᮨᮏᮥᮒᮨᮏ᮪ ᮕᮏᮓᮨ ᮏᮓᮥ ᮊᮆᮁᮜᮄᮀ ᮕᮇᮊ᮪ᮙᮥ ᮑᮥᮕᮨᮕᮨ ᮓᮘᮥᮒᮦ ᮒᮊᮣᮦᮓᮨ ᮒᮧᮊᮣᮓᮨ ᮜᮙᮥ ᮊᮏᮥᮜᮀ ᮘᮋᮥ ᮐᮤᮊᮞ᮪ᮜᮥᮋ᮪ ᮑᮥᮔᮤᮋᮣᮧᮑᮦ ᮜᮐᮛᮥ ᮖᮊᮨ ᮗ᮪ᮜᮦᮑᮨ ᮏᮥᮜᮦᮓᮥ ᮜᮐᮥ ᮗᮅᮀᮔ ᮞᮐᮥ ᮛᮟᮜᮧ ᮑᮕᮑᮨ ᮖᮓᮩ ᮓᮚᮥ ᮚ᮪ᮒᮥᮕᮨ ᮓᮑᮝᮥ ᮟᮒᮖᮦ ᮔᮦᮊᮣᮧ ᮕᮐᮥ ᮔᮤᮜᮥᮏᮋᮨ ᮏᮎᮥᮙ᮪ ᮇᮀ ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮜᮙᮧ ᮓᮦᮮᮥ ᮉᮊᮧ ᮆᮞᮦ ᮗᮘᮥᮄ ᮎᮄ ᮆᮁᮜᮦ ᮞᮑᮡᮦᮜᮤ ᮔᮥᮄ ᮊᮔᮦᮨᮏᮥᮒᮨᮏ᮪ ᮕᮏᮓᮨ ᮏᮓᮥ ᮊᮆᮁᮜᮄᮀ ᮕᮇᮊ᮪ᮙᮥ ᮑᮥᮕᮨᮕᮨ ᮓᮘᮥᮒᮦ ᮒᮊᮣᮦᮓᮨ ᮒᮧᮊᮣᮓᮨ ᮜᮙᮥ ᮊᮏᮥᮜᮀ ᮘᮋᮥ ᮐᮤᮊᮞ᮪ᮜᮥᮋ᮪ ᮑᮥᮔᮤᮋᮣᮧᮑᮦ ᮜᮐᮛᮥ ᮖᮊᮨ ᮗ᮪ᮜᮦᮑᮨ ᮏᮥᮜᮦᮓᮥ ᮜᮐᮥ ᮗᮅᮀᮔ ᮞᮐᮥ ᮛᮟᮜᮧ ᮑᮕᮑᮨ ᮖᮓᮩ ᮓᮚᮥ ᮚ᮪ᮒᮥᮕᮨ ᮓᮑᮝᮥ ᮟᮒᮖᮦ ᮔᮦᮊᮣᮧ ᮕᮐᮥ ᮔᮤᮜᮥᮏᮋᮨ ᮏᮎᮥᮙ᮪ [[File:Ladrang-sunda.png|thumb]] </div> <big>ᮜᮓᮢᮀ<br /> ᮃᮚ ᮠᮤᮏᮤ ᮛᮥᮕ ᮞᮒᮧ ᮼᮒᮤᮊ᮪,<br /> ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,<br /> ᮞᮧᮊ᮪ ᮜᮥᮜᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤ ᮎᮄ,<br /> ᮃᮛᮤ ᮘᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮛᮦᮊ᮪ ᮞᮛᮥᮕ ᮕᮤᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ᮎᮂ.<br /></big> [[Wb/su/ᮃᮑᮥᮒᮛᮩᮝᮮᮥᮜᮛᮟᮝᮑᮖᮕᮥ]] [[Wb/su/ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]] <div style="clear:both;"></div> [[Category:Wn/tl]] ofwyd2ajw9813x4e1gkhxl7rf9r0ogx 6699712 6699711 2025-07-02T06:43:01Z Akbar Soepadhi 2553650 removed [[Category:Wn/tl]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 6699712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ciamis_Sundanese_lexicon_kanjat.png|thumb]] '''ᮊᮔ᮪ᮏᮒ᮪''' ᮇᮀ ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮜᮙᮧ ᮓᮦᮮᮥ ᮉᮊᮧ ᮆᮞᮦ ᮗᮘᮥᮄ ᮎᮄ ᮆᮁᮜᮦ ᮞᮑᮡᮦᮜᮤ ᮔᮥᮄ ᮊᮔᮦᮨᮏᮥᮒᮨᮏ᮪ ᮕᮏᮓᮨ ᮏᮓᮥ ᮊᮆᮁᮜᮄᮀ ᮕᮇᮊ᮪ᮙᮥ ᮑᮥᮕᮨᮕᮨ ᮓᮘᮥᮒᮦ ᮒᮊᮣᮦᮓᮨ ᮒᮧᮊᮣᮓᮨ ᮜᮙᮥ ᮊᮏᮥᮜᮀ ᮘᮋᮥ ᮐᮤᮊᮞ᮪ᮜᮥᮋ᮪ ᮑᮥᮔᮤᮋᮣᮧᮑᮦ ᮜᮐᮛᮥ ᮖᮊᮨ ᮗ᮪ᮜᮦᮑᮨ ᮏᮥᮜᮦᮓᮥ ᮜᮐᮥ ᮗᮅᮀᮔ ᮞᮐᮥ ᮛᮟᮜᮧ ᮑᮕᮑᮨ ᮖᮓᮩ ᮓᮚᮥ ᮚ᮪ᮒᮥᮕᮨ ᮓᮑᮝᮥ ᮟᮒᮖᮦ ᮔᮦᮊᮣᮧ ᮕᮐᮥ ᮔᮤᮜᮥᮏᮋᮨ ᮏᮎᮥᮙ᮪ ᮇᮀ ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮜᮙᮧ ᮓᮦᮮᮥ ᮉᮊᮧ ᮆᮞᮦ ᮗᮘᮥᮄ ᮎᮄ ᮆᮁᮜᮦ ᮞᮑᮡᮦᮜᮤ ᮔᮥᮄ ᮊᮔᮦᮨᮏᮥᮒᮨᮏ᮪ ᮕᮏᮓᮨ ᮏᮓᮥ ᮊᮆᮁᮜᮄᮀ ᮕᮇᮊ᮪ᮙᮥ ᮑᮥᮕᮨᮕᮨ ᮓᮘᮥᮒᮦ ᮒᮊᮣᮦᮓᮨ ᮒᮧᮊᮣᮓᮨ ᮜᮙᮥ ᮊᮏᮥᮜᮀ ᮘᮋᮥ ᮐᮤᮊᮞ᮪ᮜᮥᮋ᮪ ᮑᮥᮔᮤᮋᮣᮧᮑᮦ ᮜᮐᮛᮥ ᮖᮊᮨ ᮗ᮪ᮜᮦᮑᮨ ᮏᮥᮜᮦᮓᮥ ᮜᮐᮥ ᮗᮅᮀᮔ ᮞᮐᮥ ᮛᮟᮜᮧ ᮑᮕᮑᮨ ᮖᮓᮩ ᮓᮚᮥ ᮚ᮪ᮒᮥᮕᮨ ᮓᮑᮝᮥ ᮟᮒᮖᮦ ᮔᮦᮊᮣᮧ ᮕᮐᮥ ᮔᮤᮜᮥᮏᮋᮨ ᮏᮎᮥᮙ᮪ [[File:Ladrang-sunda.png|thumb]] </div> <big>ᮜᮓᮢᮀ<br /> ᮃᮚ ᮠᮤᮏᮤ ᮛᮥᮕ ᮞᮒᮧ ᮼᮒᮤᮊ᮪,<br /> ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,<br /> ᮞᮧᮊ᮪ ᮜᮥᮜᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤ ᮎᮄ,<br /> ᮃᮛᮤ ᮘᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮛᮦᮊ᮪ ᮞᮛᮥᮕ ᮕᮤᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ᮎᮂ.<br /></big> [[Wb/su/ᮃᮑᮥᮒᮛᮩᮝᮮᮥᮜᮛᮟᮝᮑᮖᮕᮥ]] [[Wb/su/ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]] <div style="clear:both;"></div> 91u6adepn5mcrsq86il02oh47x2vumu 0 3602603 6699812 6658430 2025-07-02T11:18:39Z Mirlim 2598865 Removed redirect to [[Wp/mfa/Ssejik Muhammadi, Koto Bharu]] 6699812 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Street view of the Muhammadi Mosque.jpg|thumb|Ssejék Muhammadi di [[Wp/mfa/Koto Bharu|Koto Bharu]]]] '''Ssejék Muhammadi''' ni tletok spanje Jale Sultanah Zainak. Ssejék ni beno ttiko tahóng 1926.<ref>{{Wp/mfa/Cite book |url=https://core.ac.uk/reader/11781970 |accessdate= |title=A Design Of Nature-Culture Based Tourism Corridor; A Pilot Project At Kelantan Darul Naim. |year=2008 |publisher= Fakulti Alam Bina, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |author1=Amran Hamzah |author2=Hairul Nizam Ismail |series= |page= }}</ref> ==Rujukke== {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q12697259}} 86ijfsm4mvdnzun6aubpezbrtg2l572 0 3603245 6699813 6697571 2025-07-02T11:19:17Z Swarabakti 2526161 /* {{Wt/bew/lang|bew}} */ 6699813 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/bew/jadi SG|bew|2025|06}} [[Image:ചക്കപ്പൂവ്.jpg|thumb|180px|'''Tai babal''' di puunan]] ===Pelapalan=== * {{Wt/bew/HPA|bew|/tai babal/, [ta.i baˈbal]}} * {{Wt/bew/ujung|bew|al}} * {{Wt/bew/prtl|bew|ta|i ba|bal}} ===Asal-usul=== Dirèken {{Wt/bew/com+|bew|tai|babal|nocap=1}}, mentak deri sala ndengerin {{Wt/bew/der|bew|su|tibabal}} èn kesawaban ama {{Wt/bew/der|bew|jv|babal}}. Seberoyotan ama {{Wt/bew/cog|yka|tibabal|t=gulé gori}}, {{Wt/bew/cog|ban|katiwawalan|t=tai babal, gori}}, ama {{Wt/bew/cog|ms|kebabal|t=gori}}. ===Pema'naan=== {{Wt/bew/head|bew|tr=تاهي بابل}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|bew}} bakal [[Wt/bew/buah|buah]] [[Wt/bew/nangka|nangka]] [[Wt/bew/boongan|boongan]]; [[Wt/bew/kembang|kembang]] [[Wt/bew/ambrekan|ambrekan]] [[Wt/bew/lanang|lanang]] deri [[Wt/bew/puun|puun]] nangka {{Wt/bew/gloss|nyang kaga' bakalan [[Wt/bew/nggedé|nggedé]] jadi buah}} {{Wt/bew/syn|bew|babal|tongtolang}} #* {{Wt/bew/tukil|bew|2021|author=Bang Ilok|chapter=Pepes Ala Betawi|title=Betawi Punya Cerita|location=Bogor|publisher=Guepedia|page=43|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Betawi_Punya_Cerita/3ZxQEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover|text=Dulu kalo abis Jabrug, minyak goreng kaga gableg, entuh ikan cupang, sikmelik, udang, ungkuy-ungkuy ama klipaan enaknya dibungkus ama daon pisang, dibebekin '''tai babal''' kasih bumbu cabe, bawang ama asem entuh jadi dah pepes.|norm=Dulu kalo abis jabrug, minyak gorèng kaga gableg, entuh ikan cupang, sikmelik, udang, ungkuy-ungkuy ama klipaan ènaknya dibungkus ama daon pisang, dibebekin '''tai babal''', kasih bumbu cabé, bawang ama asem—entuh jadi, dah, pèpès.}} #* {{Wt/bew/tukil|bew|2023</b>, 21 Pèbuari<b>|author=BANGIJAL TV|title=bebek tai babal|publisher=[[:w:bew:YuTub|YuTub]]|format=pèndèkan|url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/O7kPfsekHBg|note=témpo 0:11 deri mulain|text=Abis itu, '''tai babalnya''' gua lelep-lelepin di aèr, sambil gua copot-copotin tangkénya.}} ===Catetan pemakéan=== Kudu dibédain ama {{Wt/bew/m|bew|gori}}—entu, mah, beneran bakal mbuah jadi {{Wt/bew/m|bew|cècèk}}, entakanuh jadi {{Wt/bew/m|bew|nangka}}. ===Tarjiman=== {{Wt/bew/trans-top|bakal nangka boongan}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|ban}}: {{Wt/bew/l|ban|katiwawalan}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|id}}: {{Wt/bew/l|id|kebabal}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}: {{Wt/bew/l|jv|babal}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|su}}: {{Wt/bew/l|su|tongtolang}}, {{Wt/bew/l|su|tibabal}} {{Wt/bew/trans-bottom}} {{Wt/bew/C|bew|Buah}} [[Category:Wt/bew]] baw5x06z91tk6t45fmccboctnnb0u8c 6699817 6699813 2025-07-02T11:25:48Z Swarabakti 2526161 Undo revision [[Special:Diff/6699813|6699813]] by [[Special:Contributions/Swarabakti|Swarabakti]] ([[User talk:Swarabakti|talk]]) 6699817 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/bew/jadi SG|bew|2025|06}} {{Wt/bew/head|bew|tr=تاهي بابل}} [[Image:ചക്കപ്പൂവ്.jpg|thumb|180px|'''Tai babal''' di puunan]] ====Pelapalan==== * {{Wt/bew/HPA|bew|/tai babal/, [ta.i baˈbal]}} * {{Wt/bew/ujung|bew|al}} * {{Wt/bew/prtl|bew|ta|i ba|bal}} ====Asal-usul==== Dirèken {{Wt/bew/com+|bew|tai|babal|nocap=1}}, mentak deri sala ndengerin {{Wt/bew/der|bew|su|tibabal}} èn kesawaban ama {{Wt/bew/der|bew|jv|babal}}. Seberoyotan ama {{Wt/bew/cog|yka|tibabal|t=gulé gori}}, {{Wt/bew/cog|ban|katiwawalan|t=tai babal, gori}}, ama {{Wt/bew/cog|ms|kebabal|t=gori}}. ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|bew}} bakal [[Wt/bew/buah|buah]] [[Wt/bew/nangka|nangka]] [[Wt/bew/boongan|boongan]]; [[Wt/bew/kembang|kembang]] [[Wt/bew/ambrekan|ambrekan]] [[Wt/bew/lanang|lanang]] deri [[Wt/bew/puun|puun]] nangka {{Wt/bew/gloss|nyang kaga' bakalan [[Wt/bew/nggedé|nggedé]] jadi buah}} {{Wt/bew/syn|bew|babal|tongtolang}} #* {{Wt/bew/tukil|bew|2021|author=Bang Ilok|chapter=Pepes Ala Betawi|title=Betawi Punya Cerita|location=Bogor|publisher=Guepedia|page=43|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Betawi_Punya_Cerita/3ZxQEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover|text=Dulu kalo abis Jabrug, minyak goreng kaga gableg, entuh ikan cupang, sikmelik, udang, ungkuy-ungkuy ama klipaan enaknya dibungkus ama daon pisang, dibebekin '''tai babal''' kasih bumbu cabe, bawang ama asem entuh jadi dah pepes.|norm=Dulu kalo abis jabrug, minyak gorèng kaga gableg, entuh ikan cupang, sikmelik, udang, ungkuy-ungkuy ama klipaan ènaknya dibungkus ama daon pisang, dibebekin '''tai babal''', kasih bumbu cabé, bawang ama asem—entuh jadi, dah, pèpès.}} #* {{Wt/bew/tukil|bew|2023</b>, 21 Pèbuari<b>|author=BANGIJAL TV|title=bebek tai babal|publisher=[[:w:bew:YuTub|YuTub]]|format=pèndèkan|url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/O7kPfsekHBg|note=témpo 0:11 deri mulain|text=Abis itu, '''tai babalnya''' gua lelep-lelepin di aèr, sambil gua copot-copotin tangkénya.}} ====Catetan pemakéan==== Kudu dibédain ama {{Wt/bew/m|bew|gori}}—entu, mah, beneran bakal mbuah jadi {{Wt/bew/m|bew|cècèk}}, entakanuh jadi {{Wt/bew/m|bew|nangka}}. ====Tarjiman==== {{Wt/bew/trans-top|bakal nangka boongan}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|ban}}: {{Wt/bew/l|ban|katiwawalan}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|id}}: {{Wt/bew/l|id|kebabal}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}: {{Wt/bew/l|jv|babal}} * {{Wt/bew/lang|su}}: {{Wt/bew/l|su|tongtolang}}, {{Wt/bew/l|su|tibabal}} {{Wt/bew/trans-bottom}} {{Wt/bew/C|bew|Buah}} [[Category:Wt/bew]] qgbrt43uglz3o4raisbijh38t04318a 10 3604883 6699353 6666693 2025-07-01T12:20:08Z Sauit 2605150 6699353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/dlg/Ньуучча тыла|ньууч.]] ''{{{1}}}''<noinclude>[[Category:Wp/dlg/Калыыптар]]</noinclude> rctve97sza6vvgcm0zadu6cjsu92jiq 10 3604884 6699355 6666694 2025-07-01T12:20:34Z Sauit 2605150 6699355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Һака тыла|һака]] ''{{{1}}}''<noinclude>[[Category:Wp/dlg/Калыыптар]]</noinclude> e7p5su90kcn7965eirwe0zafx9o58zq 10 3604944 6699352 6695769 2025-07-01T12:19:36Z Sauit 2605150 6699352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/dlg/Ааӈыл тыла|ааӈ.]] ''{{{1}}}''<noinclude>[[Category:Wp/dlg/Калыыптар]]</noinclude> qzoxz8tgryyebf6wf0vbgncl6oz6voh 0 3606029 6699390 6678561 2025-07-01T12:44:07Z Pitchrigi 2589311 6699390 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/bew/head|bew}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|bew}} [[Wt/bew/Minggu|Minggu]] =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/l|bew|Ahad}}; [[Wt/bew/Minggu|Minggu]] {{Wt/bew/syn|id|Minggu}} =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} Ahad [[Category:Wt/bew]] [[Category:Wt/bew/WikiPerkawi 2025]] quidydwo4i71wirgh2hiln5jri26yml 0 3607140 6699350 6674259 2025-07-01T12:18:11Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699350 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[Image:Toilets unisex.svg|thumb|tualettis zentlin per wissan gēnerins]] === Etimolōgija === Ezze Latīniskas ''[[Wt/prg/generis|generis]]'' (sta'st gēnitiws ''[[Wt/prg/genus|genus]]''), kāi ast ezze indōeuropīniskas ''[[Wt/prg/*ǵénh₁os|*ǵénh₁os]]'', ezze saknin ''[[Wt/prg/*ǵenh₁-|*ǵenh₁-]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /geːnerin/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskas gēnerin ==== # grammatikiska kategōrija stesse substantīwans, adjaktīwans, artīkelins, be prōnomenins (nōmenins ēn tradiciōnalin tālis preslin) # grammatikiska kategōrija stesse werban === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = gēnerin |Nōm. tūla. = generēi |Gēn. aīna. = gēneres |Gēn. tūla. = gēnerin |Dāt. aīna. = gēneŗu |Dāt. tūla. = generemmans |Akk. aīna. = gēnerin |Akk. tūla. = gēnerins |Wōk. aīna. = gēneru |Wōk. tūla. = gēnerus(?) }} === Alternatīws wersiōni === * Glabbis (Leītawas Prūsiskas Pēra): [[Wt/prg/gēnerjan|gēnerjan]] === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: [[Wt/prg/gender|gender]] * laītawiskan: [[Wt/prg/giminė|giminė]] (gramatinė giminė) * lattawiskan: [[Wt/prg/dzimte|dzimte]] * maskōwitiskan: [[Wt/prg/род|род]] (грамматический) * miksiskan: [[Wt/prg/Genus|Genus]] * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/babcia|babcia]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] 148yqouo9iadd0gpx8gj4i2amls6ums 0 3607141 6699351 6674260 2025-07-01T12:19:02Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699351 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == <!-- === Etimolōgija === Ezze Latīniskas ''[[generis]]'' (sta'st gēnitiws ''[[genus]]''), kāi ast ezze indōeuropīniskas ''[[*ǵénh₁os]]'', ezze saknin ''[[*ǵenh₁-]]'' --> === Iztarisnā === IPA: /geːnerjan/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskas gēnerin ==== # Alternatīws fōrmi stesse wīrdan [[Wt/prg/gēnerin|gēnerin]] <!-- # grammatikiska kategōrija stesse substantīwans, adjaktīwans, artīkelins, be prōnomenins (nōmenins ēn tradiciōnalin tālis preslin) # grammatikiska kategōrija stesse werban --> === Deklinaciōni === {{Wt/prg/Substantīwas deklinaciōni |Nōm. aīna. = gēnerjan |Nōm. tūla. = generjāi |Gēn. aīna. = gēnerjas |Gēn. tūla. = gēnerjan |Dāt. aīna. = gēnerju |Dāt. tūla. = generjammans |Akk. aīna. = gēnerjan |Akk. tūla. = gēnerjans |Wōk. aīna. = gēneru |Wōk. tūla. = gēnerus(?) }} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: [[Wt/prg/gender|gender]] * laītawiskan: [[Wt/prg/giminė|giminė]] (gramatinė giminė) * lattawiskan: [[Wt/prg/dzimte|dzimte]] * maskōwitiskan: [[Wt/prg/род|род]] (грамматический) * miksiskan: [[Wt/prg/Genus|Genus]] * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/babcia|babcia]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] gxujpmbyzuet93ve13cq0out3kp4hje 0 3607175 6699432 6686396 2025-07-01T14:26:16Z Swarabakti 2526161 6699432 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/bew/head|bew}} ====Pelapalan==== * {{Wt/bew/HPA|bew|[ade]|a=LL-Q33014 (bew)-Hj. Tonah (Ardzun)-adé'.wav}} * {{Wt/bew/ujung|bew|e}} * {{Wt/bew/prtl|a|dé}} ====Laèn ragem==== * {{Wt/bew/l|bew|adé'}} ====Pema'naan==== # {{Wt/bew/-n-|bew}} [[Wt/bew/sudara|sudara]] nyang [[Wt/bew/mudaan|mudaan]] ====Paranan==== {{Wt/bew/bew-ref|bat=Adê|pbat=3}} [[Category:Wt/bew]] rc3lmr6xisjovwf52xpx0jvdy17fzyr 0 3607333 6699391 6696805 2025-07-01T12:45:59Z Jon Gua 2593212 /* Һолбуйар ааттар */ 6699391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/dlg/Тыл |Тыл = Интерлингуа |Бэйэлэрин ааттара = Interlingua |Таргатыы = BlankMap-World.svg |Дойду = Аан дойду |Саӈарар = — (оӈоһуу тыл) |Языковая семья = Оӈоһуу тыл |Һуруга = Латыын алфавит |ISO 639-1 = ia |ISO 639-2 = — |ISO 639-3 = ina }} '''Интерлингуа тыл''' (''Interlingua'') — Омуктар икки ардынаагы көмөһөлөр тыллар ассоциацияларынан (IALA), 1936—1951 һылларга, оӈоһуллубут, аан дойду оӈоһуу-көмөһөлөр тыла. IALA Интерлингуата — элбэк аксааннаак Эуропа уонна Америка лингибиис-учуонайдар үлэтин түмүгэ. Интерлингуа үксүн латыын тылтан ылыллыбыт тыллартан турар, уонна өссүө, италия тылтан, испаан тылтан, португаал тылтан, боронсуус тылтан, ааӈыл тылтан, ньиэмэс тылтан уонна ньуучча тылтан ылыллыбыт, аан дойдутаагы лиэксикэттэн турар. == Грамматика == === Артикльдар === un (неопределеннай артикль, родтара эбэтэр аксаана уларыйбат артикльа): un libro — кинигэ, un femina — дьактар, un infante — ого. le (определеннай артикль, рода эбэтэр аксаана уларыйбат артикльа): le libro(s) — кинигэ(лэр), le infante(s) — ого(лор), le casa(s) — дьиэ(лэр). === Аат тыллар === -s/-es һыһыарыылар үгүс аксааннаак тыллары үөскэтэллэр: -s аһагас доргоон кэнниттэн туттуллар: un auto, multe autos — биир массыына, массыыналар; -es бүтэй доргоон кэнниттэн туттуллар: un nation — нация, le Nationes Unite — Илбэлэммит Нациялар Тэриллэрэ (ИНТ). === Дагааһын ааттар === Дагааһын ааттар родтарынан уонна аксааннарынан уларыйбаттар: un bon libro — үчүгэй кинигэ, bon libros — үчүгэй кинигэлэр, un femina intelligente — өйдөөк дьактар, feminas intelligente — өйдөөк дьакталлар. Дагааһын ааттар үксүн аат тыллар кэнниттэринэн тураллар, ол эрээри кылгас уонна үгүс туттуллар дагааһын ааттар аат тыллар иннилэригэр туруоктарын һин. === Һыһыаттар === -mente (долган тылыгар: -ник, -нык уо. д. а.) — һыһыаттар һыһыарыылара: un auto rapide — түргэн массыына, le auto va rapidemente — массыына түргэнник айанныыр. -ic һыһыарыынан бүтэр дагааһын ааттар, -amente һыһыарыыны тутталлар: practic – practicamente, energic – energicamente, specific – specificamente. * Кыра һыһыаттар үксүн -o-нан бүтэллэр: poco — кыра, multo — олус (бэрт), solo — ирэ. * Миэстэни, бириэмэни уо. д. а. көрдөрөр, үгүс туттуллар һыһыаттар: hodie — бүгүн, deman — һарсын, tosto — һотору, ora — билигин, ci — манна, foras — таһырдьа, forsan — багар. === Аксаан ааттар === === Туоктуурдар === === Ыйытыылар === === Һолбуйар ааттар === * qui [ki] ким/каһыс (дьон туһунан): le damas qui canta es famose — ыллыыр дьакталлар, биллиилээктэр. * que [ke] каһыс/ол (атын тиһиктэринэн): le libro que io lege es bon — мин аагар кинигэм үчүгэй, que tu videva mangia ora — эн көрбүт дьентельмеенын аһыыр, e machina con que ille labora es — ньиэмэс үлэлиир массыыната — ньиэмэс. * la qual (биир аксааӈнаак) каһыс/ол: le casa vetere, le qual esseva renovate, es — ремуоннаммыт эргэ дьиэ — кыра. * la quales (үгүс аксааӈнаак) каһыс/ол: le paises, in le quales on desira usar le medicina, debe acceptar lo. * lo que туок (толору өс туһунан): le patre non sape ancora lo que su filio ha facite — уол ого агата, гини тугу гыммытын, билигин даганы билбэт. * cuje кимиэнэ: un anglese, cuje nomine es un secreto, parla in le radio — аата биллибэт ааӈылычаанын араадьыйага һаӈарар. === Ыйар һолбуйар ааттар === Ыйар һолбуйар ааттар каһан даганы родтарынан уонна аксааннарынан уларыйбаттар. iste — ити. ille — ол: vole tu iste tassa o ille? — ол чаасканы багарагын? Бэйэлэрэ, гинилэр үгүс уонна биир аксааӈӈа уларыйаллар уонна киһи һолбуйар аата буолар: interlingua es comprensibile per milliones, sin que istes lo ha studiate интерлингуа тыла, үөрэппэтэккинэ даганы, мөлүйүөннэргэ өйдөнөр. === Дагааһын ааттар уонна һыһыаттар склонениялара === === Тыллар бэрээдэктэрэ уонна ударение === [[Category:Wp/dlg]] {{INTERWIKI|Q35934}} i6lhrfo3l8kkosgakmstdwvahucszaz 0 3607632 6699525 6678310 2025-07-01T16:51:39Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vino pijat petdeset junaka''' je [[Wp/isv/Булгари|bulgarska]] narodna pěsnja, najvyše znana v izpolnenju [[Wp/isv/Boris Mašalov|Borisa Mašalova.]] [[File:Вино пият петдесет юнака.ogg|thumb|Pěsnja v izpolnenju [[Wp/isv/Boris Mašalov|Borisa Mašalova]]]] V pěsnje pěvaje se o [[Wp/isv/Kralevič Marko|Kraleviču Marko]], ktory uznaje od materi, že ima brata i sestru, ktori byli ukradeni i obračeni v turkov v Anatoliji v času napadenja turok-osmanov. Marko odpravjaje se v anatolijsku zemju i poslě intensivnyh iskanij nahodi svojego brata Begu Andreašu. Oni spoznavajut se i pirujut 3 sedmicy. ''test'' ''проба'' Tekst pěsnji na bulgarskom jezyky:<blockquote>Вино пият петдесет юнака, вино пият в механе широко, вино пият, вярна клетва дават. - Кой се кълне във жена и дечица, кой се кълне в първото си либе... Марко няма в какво да се кълне, та се закле във кон и във сабя - а дружина вяра му не фана, че кон било кучешка нахрана, сабя било студено желязо... Нажали се Марко, бре, гидия, че изпадна във пуста невера. Па обседна коня шарколия, та отиде право при майка си и на майка тихо проговаря: - Хвала тебе, мила моя мале!... Що не си ми, мале, породила я мил братец, я мила сестрица - та да има в какво да се кълна... Вино пихме в механе широко, пошукна ни чаша позлатена... Кой се кълне в първото си либе, кой се кълне в жена и дечица, кой се кълне в братец и сестрица... Пък аз нямам в какво да се кълна, та се заклех във кон и във сабя, а дружина вера ми не хваща - че кон било кучешка нахрана, сабя било студено желязо... Майка Марку тихом проговаря: - Не си, синко, едничък на майка! И ти имаш братец и сестрица. Първо – братец Бега Андреаша, а по него – сестра Ангелинка... Кога беше размирна година, надойдоха турци анадолци, та ми рожби, синко, заробиха, заробиха, далеч откараха - във далечна земя анадолска... Скочи Марко на нозе юнашки, та възседна коня шарколия, че отиде в земя анадолска. Сутрин, вечер във джамия ходи, турски кланя, български се моли. От джамия в кафене отива, дека турци кафето си пият и си пушат тютюн тюмбакия. Седи Марко, седи и сеир струва. Че го питат турци анадолци: - Хвала тебе, непознат юнако! Я ни кажи от коя си земя, от коя си земя и коляно - що не пушиш тютюн тюмбакия и не пиеш кафе шекерлия? Отговаря Марко, добър юнак: - Ой ви, вазе, турци анадолци, анадолци, турци еничери - мойта земя много е далеко... Аз си пия сал върла ракия, я ракия, я вино червено. Я ми дайте вино за жълтица! Аз да пия и кон да напоя... Отговарят турци анадолци: - Ой та тебе, непознат янако, тук се вино нигде не продава. Вино има Бега Андреаша. Ала той го за пари не дава, най го пие на облог с юнаци. Ако пиеш вино на облога, ще увлезеш в Бегови дворове... Че ги пита Марко, добър юнак: - Де са двори Бегу Андреаша? Отговарят турци еничари: - Двори му са лични и прелични! Плетове му – от кости човешки. Портите му – от глави юнашки, що са облог стрували със него... Скокна Марко, коня си възседна, че отиде на Бегови порти. Хем почука, хем се изпровикна: - Излез, излез беговице млада! Излез, излез, порти да отвориш - че съм дошъл вино да си пия, хем да пия, хем да се надпивам... Че отвори беговица млада, заведе го на високи диван, да си пият вино с Андреаша... Ако Бегу Марко си надпие, да му земе глава от рамена, да му земе хранената коня, коня хранен, сабя дипленица и му земе тежка боздугана... Ако Марко Бега си надпие, да му земе беговица млада... Па са пили ни малко, ни много - пили ми са три дни и три нощи... Сън обори Бега Андреаша, обори го, на земя събори... Че продума Марко, добър юнак: - Хайде, тръгвай, беговице млада, да те водя във моята земя, в моя земя, у Прилепа града!... - Седи мирно, непознат юнако! Не ме води във твоята земя - че там имам юнак над юнаци, юнак Марко, брат на Андреаша... Като зачу Марко тия думи, рипна горе, на нозе юнашки, та прегърна Бега Андреаша. Прегърна го и така продума: - Ставай, братко, братски да ядеме, да ядеме, братски да пиеме!... Па са пили ни много, ни малко. Яли, пили цели три недели...</blockquote> [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Muzikalne tvorby]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Bulgarija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q12275298}} sr6uhab9ai8v0tkb5bahgvz014ub5iu 6699526 6699525 2025-07-01T16:51:54Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vino pijat petdeset junaka''' je [[Wp/isv/Булгари|bulgarska]] narodna pěsnja, najvyše znana v izpolnenju [[Wp/isv/Boris Mašalov|Borisa Mašalova.]] [[File:Вино пият петдесет юнака.ogg|thumb|Pěsnja v izpolnenju [[Wp/isv/Boris Mašalov|Borisa Mašalova]]]] V pěsnje pěvaje se o [[Wp/isv/Kralevič Marko|Kraleviču Marko]], ktory uznaje od materi, že ima brata i sestru, ktori byli ukradeni i obračeni v turkov v Anatoliji v času napadenja turok-osmanov. Marko odpravjaje se v anatolijsku zemju i poslě intensivnyh iskanij nahodi svojego brata Begu Andreašu. Oni spoznavajut se i pirujut 3 sedmicy. Tekst pěsnji na bulgarskom jezyky:<blockquote>Вино пият петдесет юнака, вино пият в механе широко, вино пият, вярна клетва дават. - Кой се кълне във жена и дечица, кой се кълне в първото си либе... Марко няма в какво да се кълне, та се закле във кон и във сабя - а дружина вяра му не фана, че кон било кучешка нахрана, сабя било студено желязо... Нажали се Марко, бре, гидия, че изпадна във пуста невера. Па обседна коня шарколия, та отиде право при майка си и на майка тихо проговаря: - Хвала тебе, мила моя мале!... Що не си ми, мале, породила я мил братец, я мила сестрица - та да има в какво да се кълна... Вино пихме в механе широко, пошукна ни чаша позлатена... Кой се кълне в първото си либе, кой се кълне в жена и дечица, кой се кълне в братец и сестрица... Пък аз нямам в какво да се кълна, та се заклех във кон и във сабя, а дружина вера ми не хваща - че кон било кучешка нахрана, сабя било студено желязо... Майка Марку тихом проговаря: - Не си, синко, едничък на майка! И ти имаш братец и сестрица. Първо – братец Бега Андреаша, а по него – сестра Ангелинка... Кога беше размирна година, надойдоха турци анадолци, та ми рожби, синко, заробиха, заробиха, далеч откараха - във далечна земя анадолска... Скочи Марко на нозе юнашки, та възседна коня шарколия, че отиде в земя анадолска. Сутрин, вечер във джамия ходи, турски кланя, български се моли. От джамия в кафене отива, дека турци кафето си пият и си пушат тютюн тюмбакия. Седи Марко, седи и сеир струва. Че го питат турци анадолци: - Хвала тебе, непознат юнако! Я ни кажи от коя си земя, от коя си земя и коляно - що не пушиш тютюн тюмбакия и не пиеш кафе шекерлия? Отговаря Марко, добър юнак: - Ой ви, вазе, турци анадолци, анадолци, турци еничери - мойта земя много е далеко... Аз си пия сал върла ракия, я ракия, я вино червено. Я ми дайте вино за жълтица! Аз да пия и кон да напоя... Отговарят турци анадолци: - Ой та тебе, непознат янако, тук се вино нигде не продава. Вино има Бега Андреаша. Ала той го за пари не дава, най го пие на облог с юнаци. Ако пиеш вино на облога, ще увлезеш в Бегови дворове... Че ги пита Марко, добър юнак: - Де са двори Бегу Андреаша? Отговарят турци еничари: - Двори му са лични и прелични! Плетове му – от кости човешки. Портите му – от глави юнашки, що са облог стрували със него... Скокна Марко, коня си възседна, че отиде на Бегови порти. Хем почука, хем се изпровикна: - Излез, излез беговице млада! Излез, излез, порти да отвориш - че съм дошъл вино да си пия, хем да пия, хем да се надпивам... Че отвори беговица млада, заведе го на високи диван, да си пият вино с Андреаша... Ако Бегу Марко си надпие, да му земе глава от рамена, да му земе хранената коня, коня хранен, сабя дипленица и му земе тежка боздугана... Ако Марко Бега си надпие, да му земе беговица млада... Па са пили ни малко, ни много - пили ми са три дни и три нощи... Сън обори Бега Андреаша, обори го, на земя събори... Че продума Марко, добър юнак: - Хайде, тръгвай, беговице млада, да те водя във моята земя, в моя земя, у Прилепа града!... - Седи мирно, непознат юнако! Не ме води във твоята земя - че там имам юнак над юнаци, юнак Марко, брат на Андреаша... Като зачу Марко тия думи, рипна горе, на нозе юнашки, та прегърна Бега Андреаша. Прегърна го и така продума: - Ставай, братко, братски да ядеме, да ядеме, братски да пиеме!... Па са пили ни много, ни малко. Яли, пили цели три недели...</blockquote> [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Muzikalne tvorby]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Bulgarija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q12275298}} mphvl16p3k41125zxln2hvmoanivi05 0 3608033 6699512 6694982 2025-07-01T16:09:26Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6699512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q762}} '''Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci''' (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) A̱ntyok Itali nu a̱ yin tyyi ka̱ssu u̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang zu̱zzwa na̱nok bu̱ a̱gygigyak nkyang bu̱ yya pfwong injiniya bu̱ jang na̱nok ni. A yin tyyi du̱yrek u̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang a̱kpa na na yin tyyei ma̱mmwuk nkyang bu̱ du̱jem a̱n tazwa nna ni. Du̱jem nu̱ ti yin sshi a̱ntazwa nkyang ba̱gungang u̱ na̱srong bu̱ na̱zzu na a̱ mon bu̱ nkyang kpasai bu̱ nkyang ka̱yat bu̱ yya ji nkyang nzaan u̱ rwam na ndyi ni. Leonardo a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok byyi za̱nang a̱za̱ncci ba̱gungang wwon a̱ bvo man yya npfwong a rau nyyi ba̱nyet ni, ka̱mak nu ka a̱ nat cuccrak bu̱ a̱yanyet a̱yring u ba n yei Michelangelo ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]]' {{INTERWIKI|Q762}} 58h3smea5oq0qdgbigqvq98jq3xs355 0 3608641 6699814 6689718 2025-07-02T11:20:19Z Ilja isv 2601220 /* Ranje žitje */ 6699814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = {{Wp/isv/Big|Muhamad}}<br />{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|مُحَمَّدٌ}} | honorific_suffix = | image = [[File:Prophet Muhammad Name Arabic Calligraphy (with sAaws).png|center|250px|Kaligrafično izobraženje imene Proroka na arabskom jezyku]] | caption = Kaligrafično izobraženje imene Proroka na arabskom jezyku | birth_name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh <br> ({{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله}}) | birth_date = 570 | birth_place = [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meka]], [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžaz]], [[Wp/isv/Arabiijsky poluostrov|Arabija]]<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | death_date = 8 juna 632 | death_place = [[Wp/isv/Medina|Medina]], [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžaz]], [[Wp/isv/Arabiijsky poluostrov|Arabia]]<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | body_discovered = | resting_place = [[Wp/isv/Zelena kupola|Zelena kupola]] v [[Wp/isv/Al-Masdžid an-Nabavi|al-Masdžid an-Nabavi]], Medina<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | resting_place_coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|24|28|03.22|N|039|36|41.18|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=title|name=Zelena kupola}} | monuments = | other_names = {{Wp/isv/Unbulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; |''Abu al-Kasim'' ([[Wp/isv/Kunja (u Arabov)|prězvišče]]) |''Rasul Allāh'' (Poslannik Boga) |''(sm. [[Wp/isv/Imena i tituly Muhamada|Imena i tituly Muhamada]])''}} | years_active = 583–609 kako kupec<br />609–632 kako religijny vodž | employer = | notable_works = [[Wp/isv/Konstitucija Mediny|Konstitucija Mediny]] | predecessor = | successor = [[Wp/isv/Nastupniky Muhamada|Nastupniky Muhamada]] | spouse = {{Wp/isv/Aligned table|style=line-height:120%;right=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y | [[Wp/isv/Ženy Muhamada|Ženy Muhamada]] | Lěta | [[Wp/isv/Hadidža bint Huvajlid|Hadidža bint Huvajlid]] |595–619 | [[Wp/isv/Sawda bint Zamʿa|Sawda bint Zamʿa]] |619–632 | [[Wp/isv/Aiša|Aiša bint Abi Bakr]] |619–632 | [[Wp/isv/Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsa bint Umar]] |624–632 | [[Wp/isv/Zajnab bint Huzajma|Zajnab bint Huzajma]] |625–627 | [[Wp/isv/Umm Salama|Hind bint Abi Umajja]]|625–632 | [[Wp/isv/Zajnab bint Džahš|Zajnab bint Džahš]] |627–632 | [[Wp/isv/Džuwajrijja bint al-Harith|Džuwajrijja bint al-Harith]] |628–632 | [[Wp/isv/Ramla bint Abi Sufjan|Ramla bint Abi Sufjan]] |628–632 | [[Wp/isv/Rajhana bint Zaid|Rajhana bint Zaid]] |629–631 | [[Wp/isv/Safijja bint Hujaji|Safijja bint Hujaji]] |629–632 | [[Wp/isv/Majmunah bint al-Harith|Majmunah bint al-Harith]] |630–632 | [[Wp/isv/Marija al-Kibtijja|Marija al-Kibtijja]] |630–632 }} | children = [[Wp/isv/Děti Muhamada|Děti]] | parents = [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (otec)<br>[[Wp/isv/Aminah|Aminah bint Wahb]] (mati) | relatives = [[Wp/isv/Rodinno drěvo Muhamada|Rodinno drěvo Muhamada]], [[Wp/isv/Ahl al-Bajt|Ahl al-Bajt]]&nbsp;("Rodina Doma") | module = {{Wp/isv/Kartka arabsko ime|embed=yes | ism = Muhammad | nasab = Muḥammad ibn [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|'Abd Allah]] ibn '[[Wp/isv/Abdul-Muttalib|Abdul-Muttalib]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hašim]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Abd Manaf ibn Kusai|'Abd Manaf]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Kusai ibn Kilab|Kusai]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]] | kunya = Abu [[Wp/isv/Kasim ibn Muhammad|al-Kasim]] | laqab = [[Wp/isv/Hātim an-Nâbîdžīn|Hātim an-Nâbîdžīn]] (Poslědny iz Prorokov) }} | signature = [[File:Muhammad Seal.svg|center|150px|]] |signature_type=Pečet}} '''Muhamad''' ({{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|محمد}} {{Wp/isv/-|[mʊħɑmmæd]}}, ^{{{Wp/isv/Zvuk|Ar-muhammad.ogg|izgovor}}}), takože '''Mohamad, Muhammed''' i '''Magomet''', jest [[Wp/isv/Araby|arabski]] [[Wp/isv/Religija|religijny]] i [[Wp/isv/Politika|političny]] vodž i Prorok [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islama]]. Jest takože izvestny kako '''Abu Kasim ibn Abd Abdullah'''. Byl nazvany "Pečet Prorokov" ili v vyše točnom prěkladu, "Poslědny iz Prorokov". == Ranje žitje == Muhamad ('''Muhammad ibn Abd Allah''') rodil se v 570 ili 571 g. v gradu [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meka]] v [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžazu]] (dnešna [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) – procvětavšem v svoje vreme trgovom centru na trgovom putu, koj jest svezyval [[Wp/isv/Jemen|Jemen]] so [[Wp/isv/Srědozemnomorje|Srědozemnomorjem]]. Proizhodi iz roda [[Wp/isv/Banu Hašim|Banu Hašim]] plemena [[Wp/isv/Koraiš|koraiš]], ktoro jest upravljalo gradom. Jego otec [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah]] ("rab Boga") jest umrl prěd jego rodženjem, kogda byl na trgovanju v gradu [[Wp/isv/Basra|Basra]] (dnešny [[Wp/isv/Irak|Irak]]). Mati [[Wp/isv/Aminah bint Wahb|Amina]] ("blagočestiva“) jego dava za oglědanje krmilice imenom [[Wp/isv/Halima|Halima]] (po tradicije novorodžene se davali krmilicam od plemena, koje jest žilo v pustynje, da by izrastli zdravi, daleko od bolěznjij i [[Wp/isv/Epidemija|epidemij]] v gradu), ale na 4-godišny vozrast ta jego vratila do grada k jegovoj mati. Kogda Muhamadu bylo 6 lět, pri putuvanju obratno od rodinnogo gostěvanja do [[Wp/isv/Medina|Mediny]] umiraje jemu mati slěd jejinoj hvoroby, i on ide k svojemu dědu [[Wp/isv/Abd al Muttalib|Abd al Muttalibu]], koj umiraje ješče slěd 2 lět. Buduči prorok ostava pod dbanjem svojego stryjca [[Wp/isv/Abu Talib|Abu Taliba]]. Kogda Muhamadu bylo 12 lět, on putоval jest zajedno so stryjcom za trgovanje do [[Wp/isv/Sirija|Sirije]]. Blizko do Basry oni vezli se okolo obitališča hristijanskogo otšelnika imenom [[Wp/isv/Bahira|Bahira]], koj jest poželal strěčati karvandžikov, da by jim skazati, že s nimi putuje buduči prorok. V lětu [[Wp/isv/595|595]] Muhamad vračaje se v [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meku]] i stava se pastyrom. V toj čas rod proroka imaje finansove zatrudnenija i zato on započinaje rabotati voditeljem karavanov za bogatu vdovicu [[Wp/isv/Hadidža bint Huvajlid|Hadidžu]] (ili Hatidžu na [[Wp/isv/Turkijske jezyky|tjurkskom]]), ktora iměla naslědstvo po 2 suprugah. Ona byla tak vpečatlena od kakostej Muhamada, že jego prosila o ruku. Od nej on iměl četyri dočerky i dvoh vnukov – Al-Hasana i Al-Husejna. Oni oba, zajedno s četyrěmi prvymi halifami věry, samogo Allaha i Proroka Muhamada sut izobraženy kako 8 [[Wp/isv/Tugry|tugrov]] na kupolě každoj [[Wp/isv/Mečeta|mečety]]. Odnosno poklonenija tlennym ostankam naslědnikov Proroka vznikajut različja medžu [[Wp/isv/Šiizm|šiitami]] (od ''šaiat Ali'' ili "spodvižnikov Ali“ – poklonniky tradicije, proizhodeči od Ali, zeta Muhamada i jego kuzena) i [[Wp/isv/Sunizm|sunitami]] (mněvajučimi, že svez medžu Allahom i ljudmi musi byti črěz teksty Korana i propověd Muhamada). Kogda jest priblizilo se jego 40-to lěto, vse ješče ne byli vnešnji priznaky, že jest vidnoju ličnostju. V toj čas večšinstvo arabov byli [[Wp/isv/Poganstvo|pogancami]], věrivšimi vo mnogo božestv. == Objavjanja == Okolo 610 g. Muhamad načinaje osamočenje v jamě Hira na gorě Nur v okolnosti Meki na vreme měseca [[Wp/isv/Ramadan|Ramadan]]. Tam on posti i se oddavaje molitvam. Jednoju nočju byl posěčeny [[Wp/isv/Arhangel|Arhangelom]] [[Wp/isv/Gabriel|Gabrielom]] (Džabrailom), ktory jemu jest kazal: "''Čitaj"'' ili "''Recitiuj"''. Podolg islamskoj tradicije, Muhamad je negramotny i ne može čitati. V dojmu od sobytja, on vračaje se pri Hadidžu, ktora jego priznavaje [[Wp/isv/Prorok|prorokom]] i prijemaje [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]]. Zanedolgo za nej sut poslědovali jedva 10-lěty kuzen Muhameda [[Wp/isv/Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali]] i blizky drug proroka [[Wp/isv/Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]]. V prodolženje dolgyh lět Džabrail razkryvaje proroku Božje Slovo – sodržanje [[Wp/isv/Koran|Koran]]a. Muhamed propovědaje 3 goda samo blizkim prijateljam i znajemym. Poslěd, pri 613 g., se oddavaje publičnym [[Wp/isv/Propověd|propovědjam]]. == Hidžra == Kogda jest za|čalo pri Muhamadu pojavjati se věče poslědovateljev, vlada v Meke načinaje jego mněvati nebezpečnym. Muhamad se čuvstvuje ogroženym i prěz 622 g. se prěsěljaje vo grad [[Wp/isv/Jasrib|Jasrib]] – Medinu (okolo 450 kilometrov va sěver ot Meky), kde jemu prědkladajut ukrytje. Tuto prěsěljenje, narečeno [[Wp/isv/Hidžra|hidžra]], jest povratna točka v žitju Proroka. Od hidžry začinaje se [[Wp/isv/Islamsky kalendar|muslimansko lětoizčisljenje]]. V Meke on ne imaje mnogo poslědovateljev, ale v Medině tyh jest mnogo veče, i on skoro dobyvaje vliv, ktory jego faktično dělaje absolutnym vladarom. Podčas několik dalših lět, kogda čislo [[Wp/isv/Islam|muslimanov]] brzo narastaje, se stalo několiko bitev medžu Medinoju i Mekoju. Tuta vojna zakončila se v 630 g. i Muhamad vračaje se pobědonosno v Meku kako dobyvatelj. Podčas ostalyh 2,5 lět jego života [[Wp/isv/Arabi|arabske plemena]] brzo se priobčajut k novoj religije. == Ekspansija Islama == Kogda on jest umrl v ponedelnik 8 juna 632 g., Muhamad uže byl faktično vladarem cěloj Južnoj Arabiji. [[Wp/isv/Beduiny|Beduinske plemena]] v [[Wp/isv/Arabski poluostrov|Arabiji]] byli slavni kako bezstrašni bojovniky, ale oni sut byli male čislom i byli razdirane razjedinjenjem i medžuosobnimy vojnamy i ne sut mogli se měriti s večšimi armijami kraljevstv, ustanovjenyh v [[Wp/isv/Zemjedělje|zemjedelskyh]] regionah na sěveru. Objedinjene Muhamadom prvokratno v historiji i inspirovane plamennoju věroju v [[Wp/isv/Jednobožstvo|jedinogo Boga]], tute arabske bojovniky sut prědprijali red naj-raziteljnyh zavojevanij v ljudskoj historiji. Na severoiztok ot Arabije jest ležela obširna [[Wp/isv/Persidska imperija|novopersidska imperija]] [[Wp/isv/Sasanidy|Sasanidov]]; dalje na severozapadu byla [[Wp/isv/Bizantijska imperija|Bizantija]], ili [[Wp/isv/Iztočna rimska imperija|Iztočna rimska imperija]] s centrom v [[Wp/isv/Konstantinopol|Konstantinopolu]]. Kolikostno, araby ne mogli sut se sravnjati s protivnikami. Ale na polě bitvy situacija byla vpolno inoju i inspirovane araby sut brzo dobyli cělu [[Wp/isv/Mesopotamija|Mesopotamiju]], [[Wp/isv/Sirija|Siriju]] i [[Wp/isv/Palestina|Palestinu]]. V 642 g. [[Wp/isv/Egipt|Egipt]] byl odrězanym od [[Wp/isv/Bizantijska imperija|Bizantijskoj imperije]], a persidske vojska sut razbite pri velikih bitvah okolo [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Kadisiji|Kadisiji]] v 637 g. i [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Nefavendu|Nefavendu]] v 642 g. Ale daže tute ogromni zavoevanija, dosežene pod voditeljstvom naj-blizkih prijateljev i nastupnikov Muhamada – [[Wp/isv/Abu Bakr|Abu Bakra]] i [[Wp/isv/Omar Ibn Al-Hatab|Omara Ibn Al-Hataba]], ne stali sut krajem arabskogo našestvja. V 711 g. arabske armije uže dobyli sut cělu Sěvernu [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afriku]] až k [[Wp/isv/Atlantičny okean|Atlantičnomu okeanu]]. Odtud oni sut se posunuli na sěver, prěbrodili [[Wp/isv/Gibraltarski protok|Gibraltarsky protok]] i [[Wp/isv/Arabsko-islamsko zavojevanje Iberijskogo poluostrova|zavladnuli Iberijsky poluostrov]]. Pet lět po tom araby napadajut Konstantinopol po suše i morju, pod prědvodženjem Maslamy, brata halifa Sulejmana ibn Abd al Malika. Oni prišli sut s ne viděnoju v tu epohu armijeju – 200 000 duš i 5000 korabov. Onogda jestvovalo ostrěganje, že muslimany mogut pokoriti cělu hristijansku [[Wp/isv/Evropa|Evropu]]. Slěd neuspešnoj jednogodičnoj obsady, lětom 718 g. araby sut dostali sveže sily. Nova vojska debarkovali sut pri Abidosu v Trakiji i izstupili sut na Konstantinopol. Ale, v rešajučej sěče bulgary pod voditeljstvom [[Wp/isv/Han Tervel|Hana Tervela]] totalno jih razbivajut. V znamenitoj [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Puatje|bitvě pri Puatje]] v 732 g. muslimanske vojska, ševše vprěd do centra dnešnoj [[Wp/isv/Francija|Francije]], sut byli razbity [[Wp/isv/Franky|frankami]]. Za menje než jedno stolětje araby sut iztvorili imperiju, koja jest se prostirala ot [[Wp/isv/Indija|Indiji]] do [[Wp/isv/Atlantičny okean|Atlantičnogo okeana]], kaku svět ne jest ješče viděl prěd tym. I vsekde, kam stupali muslimanske vojska, proiztěkala masova integracija v novu věru. Ne vse zavoevanija trajat dolgo. Ače persy sut shranili svoju věru v Proroka, pozdněje persy sebe izvojovali nezavisnost ot arabov. A slěd veče než 7 stolětij borby hristijane sut si vratili [[Wp/isv/Iberijsky poluostrov|Iberijsky poluostrov]] podolg [[Wp/isv/Rekonkista|Rekonkisty]]. [[Wp/isv/Mesopotamija|Mesopotamija]] i [[Wp/isv/Egipt|Egipt]], kolěbky drěvnyh civilizacij, ostanut nadolgo vo vladanju arabov, ktore vladajut i cělym [[Wp/isv/Sěverna Afrika|sěveroafrikanskim]] pribrěžjem. Islam prodolžil razprostranjati se prěz stolětja daleko za granicy prvonačelnih muslimanskih zavojevanij. V naši dni on imaje desetki milionov poslědovateljev v [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afrikě]] i Centralnoj [[Wp/isv/Azija|Aziji]] i mnogo vyšši čislo v [[Wp/isv/Pakistan|Pakistanu]], Severnoj [[Wp/isv/Indija|Indiji]] i [[Wp/isv/Indonezija|Indoneziji]]. Kako i vse religije, Islam okazyvaje ogromny vliv na žitje svojih poslědovateljev. == Vliv == Od čisto religioznogo gledišča može skazati, že vilv Muhamada na historiju člověčstva jest sravnimy s vlivom [[Wp/isv/Isus|Isusa]]. Muhamad, na razliku od Isusa, jest dostojnoju figuroju kako od religioznogo, tak i od světskogo gledišča. Jedinymi podobnymi uspehami v človečkoj historiji sut zavojevanja [[Wp/isv/Mongoly|mongolov]] v 13-m věku, ktore sut glavno svezane s [[Wp/isv/Čingis han|Čingis hanom]] (''Temučinom''), [[Wp/isv/Drevna Makedonija|Drěvnoju Makedonijeju]] i [[Wp/isv/Rimskata imperija|Rimskoju imperijeju]]. Ače oni byli vyše obširnymi, než arabske, te jednakože se okazyvajut vyše netrajnymi v jezikovom i spoločnostnom smyslah. Arabske zavojevanja sut vyše homogenni, od [[Wp/isv/Irak|Iraka]] do [[Wp/isv/Maroko|Maroka]] se prostiraje cěla veriga arabskih nacij (do velikogo stupnja od arabizovanyh narodov), objedinenyh ne samo Islamskoju věroju, no i občim za njih [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabskym jezykom]], historijeju i kulturoju. Muhamad jest jediny voditelj v historiji, dostignuvši izključiteljnyh uspehov kakto vo věrozakonoj, tako i vo světskoj sferah. Bez obzira nai skromno proizhodženje, on razprostranjaje jednu iz naj-velikyh religij na světu, projavjajuči sebe kako nadobyčajno silny političny vodž. Město [[Wp/isv/Koran|Korana]] v islamskom věrozakonu i toj fakt, že on jest napisany na arabskom, isto sut unemožnili razpad arabskogo jezyka na vzajemno nerazumlive [[Wp/isv/Dialekt|dialekty]], čto inače by moglo se slučiti prěz prošedše 14 stoljětij. Arabske zavojevanja, nadohnene Muhamadom v 7-om věku, prodolžajut i dnes igrati važnu rolju v historiji člověčstva. == Svezane članky == * [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]] == Čitati dalje == * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Mubarakfuri | first = Safiurrahman | others = prěvod s arabskogo: Mariana Malinova | title = Светли страници от житието на Мухаммед | origyear = 2006 | url = http://www.islamforbulgaria.com/onlinelibrary/Jitieto_na_Muhammed(a.s.s.).pdf | publisher = Прозрение-1424; К-принт | location = Sofija | isbn = 954-915-152-2 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Jylmyz | first = Hajati | others = Memiš Merdan (prěklad) | title = Хазрети Мухаммед и ислямското общество | origyear = 2008 | publisher = Главно мюфтийство на мюсюлманите в Република България | location = Sofija | isbn = 978-954-9880-16-8 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Bej | first = Esad | title = Мохамед – биография | origyear = 2008 | publisher = Гуторанов и Син | location = Sofija | isbn = 954-5072-12-1 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Kandemir | first = Jašar | title = Хз. Мухамед (с.а.в.) | origyear = 2007 | publisher = Главно мюфтийство на мюсюлманите в Република България | location = Sofija }} * Теофанов, Цветан. Феноменология на пророка. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2015. ISBN 978-954-07-3987-8. ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * [http://www.way-to-allah.com/bul/miracles/wunder_prophet.html Чудесата на пророка Мухаммед] * [http://www.way-to-allah.com/bul/documents/Jitieto_na_Muhammed(a.s.s.).pdf Житието на Мухаммед] * [http://islam-bg.blogspot.com/2008/02/blog-post.html Мохаммед (С.А.С.)] {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|bg|Мохамед}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Islam]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Araby]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Religija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9458}} 6r16cv33d28dtim7s4z4h131ut5s9li 6699816 6699814 2025-07-02T11:23:33Z Ilja isv 2601220 /* Hidžra */ 6699816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = {{Wp/isv/Big|Muhamad}}<br />{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|مُحَمَّدٌ}} | honorific_suffix = | image = [[File:Prophet Muhammad Name Arabic Calligraphy (with sAaws).png|center|250px|Kaligrafično izobraženje imene Proroka na arabskom jezyku]] | caption = Kaligrafično izobraženje imene Proroka na arabskom jezyku | birth_name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh <br> ({{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله}}) | birth_date = 570 | birth_place = [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meka]], [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžaz]], [[Wp/isv/Arabiijsky poluostrov|Arabija]]<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | death_date = 8 juna 632 | death_place = [[Wp/isv/Medina|Medina]], [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžaz]], [[Wp/isv/Arabiijsky poluostrov|Arabia]]<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | body_discovered = | resting_place = [[Wp/isv/Zelena kupola|Zelena kupola]] v [[Wp/isv/Al-Masdžid an-Nabavi|al-Masdžid an-Nabavi]], Medina<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | resting_place_coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|24|28|03.22|N|039|36|41.18|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=title|name=Zelena kupola}} | monuments = | other_names = {{Wp/isv/Unbulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; |''Abu al-Kasim'' ([[Wp/isv/Kunja (u Arabov)|prězvišče]]) |''Rasul Allāh'' (Poslannik Boga) |''(sm. [[Wp/isv/Imena i tituly Muhamada|Imena i tituly Muhamada]])''}} | years_active = 583–609 kako kupec<br />609–632 kako religijny vodž | employer = | notable_works = [[Wp/isv/Konstitucija Mediny|Konstitucija Mediny]] | predecessor = | successor = [[Wp/isv/Nastupniky Muhamada|Nastupniky Muhamada]] | spouse = {{Wp/isv/Aligned table|style=line-height:120%;right=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y | [[Wp/isv/Ženy Muhamada|Ženy Muhamada]] | Lěta | [[Wp/isv/Hadidža bint Huvajlid|Hadidža bint Huvajlid]] |595–619 | [[Wp/isv/Sawda bint Zamʿa|Sawda bint Zamʿa]] |619–632 | [[Wp/isv/Aiša|Aiša bint Abi Bakr]] |619–632 | [[Wp/isv/Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsa bint Umar]] |624–632 | [[Wp/isv/Zajnab bint Huzajma|Zajnab bint Huzajma]] |625–627 | [[Wp/isv/Umm Salama|Hind bint Abi Umajja]]|625–632 | [[Wp/isv/Zajnab bint Džahš|Zajnab bint Džahš]] |627–632 | [[Wp/isv/Džuwajrijja bint al-Harith|Džuwajrijja bint al-Harith]] |628–632 | [[Wp/isv/Ramla bint Abi Sufjan|Ramla bint Abi Sufjan]] |628–632 | [[Wp/isv/Rajhana bint Zaid|Rajhana bint Zaid]] |629–631 | [[Wp/isv/Safijja bint Hujaji|Safijja bint Hujaji]] |629–632 | [[Wp/isv/Majmunah bint al-Harith|Majmunah bint al-Harith]] |630–632 | [[Wp/isv/Marija al-Kibtijja|Marija al-Kibtijja]] |630–632 }} | children = [[Wp/isv/Děti Muhamada|Děti]] | parents = [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (otec)<br>[[Wp/isv/Aminah|Aminah bint Wahb]] (mati) | relatives = [[Wp/isv/Rodinno drěvo Muhamada|Rodinno drěvo Muhamada]], [[Wp/isv/Ahl al-Bajt|Ahl al-Bajt]]&nbsp;("Rodina Doma") | module = {{Wp/isv/Kartka arabsko ime|embed=yes | ism = Muhammad | nasab = Muḥammad ibn [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|'Abd Allah]] ibn '[[Wp/isv/Abdul-Muttalib|Abdul-Muttalib]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hašim]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Abd Manaf ibn Kusai|'Abd Manaf]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Kusai ibn Kilab|Kusai]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]] | kunya = Abu [[Wp/isv/Kasim ibn Muhammad|al-Kasim]] | laqab = [[Wp/isv/Hātim an-Nâbîdžīn|Hātim an-Nâbîdžīn]] (Poslědny iz Prorokov) }} | signature = [[File:Muhammad Seal.svg|center|150px|]] |signature_type=Pečet}} '''Muhamad''' ({{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|محمد}} {{Wp/isv/-|[mʊħɑmmæd]}}, ^{{{Wp/isv/Zvuk|Ar-muhammad.ogg|izgovor}}}), takože '''Mohamad, Muhammed''' i '''Magomet''', jest [[Wp/isv/Araby|arabski]] [[Wp/isv/Religija|religijny]] i [[Wp/isv/Politika|političny]] vodž i Prorok [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islama]]. Jest takože izvestny kako '''Abu Kasim ibn Abd Abdullah'''. Byl nazvany "Pečet Prorokov" ili v vyše točnom prěkladu, "Poslědny iz Prorokov". == Ranje žitje == Muhamad ('''Muhammad ibn Abd Allah''') rodil se v 570 ili 571 g. v gradu [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meka]] v [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžazu]] (dnešna [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) – procvětavšem v svoje vreme trgovom centru na trgovom putu, koj jest svezyval [[Wp/isv/Jemen|Jemen]] so [[Wp/isv/Srědozemnomorje|Srědozemnomorjem]]. Proizhodi iz roda [[Wp/isv/Banu Hašim|Banu Hašim]] plemena [[Wp/isv/Koraiš|koraiš]], ktoro jest upravljalo gradom. Jego otec [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah]] ("rab Boga") jest umrl prěd jego rodženjem, kogda byl na trgovanju v gradu [[Wp/isv/Basra|Basra]] (dnešny [[Wp/isv/Irak|Irak]]). Mati [[Wp/isv/Aminah bint Wahb|Amina]] ("blagočestiva“) jego dava za oglědanje krmilice imenom [[Wp/isv/Halima|Halima]] (po tradicije novorodžene se davali krmilicam od plemena, koje jest žilo v pustynje, da by izrastli zdravi, daleko od bolěznjij i [[Wp/isv/Epidemija|epidemij]] v gradu), ale na 4-godišny vozrast ta jego vratila do grada k jegovoj mati. Kogda Muhamadu bylo 6 lět, pri putuvanju obratno od rodinnogo gostěvanja do [[Wp/isv/Medina|Mediny]] umiraje jemu mati slěd jejinoj hvoroby, i on ide k svojemu dědu [[Wp/isv/Abd al Muttalib|Abd al Muttalibu]], koj umiraje ješče slěd 2 lět. Buduči prorok ostava pod dbanjem svojego stryjca [[Wp/isv/Abu Talib|Abu Taliba]]. Kogda Muhamadu bylo 12 lět, on putоval jest zajedno so stryjcom za trgovanje do [[Wp/isv/Sirija|Sirije]]. Blizko do Basry oni vezli se okolo obitališča hristijanskogo otšelnika imenom [[Wp/isv/Bahira|Bahira]], koj jest poželal strěčati karvandžikov, da by jim skazati, že s nimi putuje buduči prorok. V lětu [[Wp/isv/595|595]] Muhamad vračaje se v [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meku]] i stava se pastyrom. V toj čas rod proroka imaje finansove zatrudnenija i zato on započinaje rabotati voditeljem karavanov za bogatu vdovicu [[Wp/isv/Hadidža bint Huvajlid|Hadidžu]] (ili Hatidžu na [[Wp/isv/Turkijske jezyky|tjurkskom]]), ktora iměla naslědstvo po 2 suprugah. Ona byla tak vpečatlena od kakostej Muhamada, že jego prosila o ruku. Od nej on iměl četyri dočerky i dvoh vnukov – Al-Hasana i Al-Husejna. Oni oba, zajedno s četyrěmi prvymi halifami věry, samogo Allaha i Proroka Muhamada sut izobraženy kako 8 [[Wp/isv/Tugry|tugrov]] na kupolě každoj [[Wp/isv/Mečeta|mečety]]. Odnosno poklonenija tlennym ostankam naslědnikov Proroka vznikajut različja medžu [[Wp/isv/Šiizm|šiitami]] (od ''šaiat Ali'' ili "spodvižnikov Ali“ – poklonniky tradicije, proizhodeči od Ali, zeta Muhamada i jego kuzena) i [[Wp/isv/Sunizm|sunitami]] (mněvajučimi, že svez medžu Allahom i ljudmi musi byti črěz teksty Korana i propověd Muhamada). Kogda jest priblizilo se jego 40-to lěto, vse ješče ne byli vnešnji priznaky, že jest vidnoju ličnostju. V toj čas večšinstvo arabov byli [[Wp/isv/Poganstvo|pogancami]], věrivšimi vo mnogo božestv. == Objavjanja == Okolo 610 g. Muhamad načinaje osamočenje v jamě Hira na gorě Nur v okolnosti Meki na vreme měseca [[Wp/isv/Ramadan|Ramadan]]. Tam on posti i se oddavaje molitvam. Jednoju nočju byl posěčeny [[Wp/isv/Arhangel|Arhangelom]] [[Wp/isv/Gabriel|Gabrielom]] (Džabrailom), ktory jemu jest kazal: "''Čitaj"'' ili "''Recitiuj"''. Podolg islamskoj tradicije, Muhamad je negramotny i ne može čitati. V dojmu od sobytja, on vračaje se pri Hadidžu, ktora jego priznavaje [[Wp/isv/Prorok|prorokom]] i prijemaje [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]]. Zanedolgo za nej sut poslědovali jedva 10-lěty kuzen Muhameda [[Wp/isv/Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali]] i blizky drug proroka [[Wp/isv/Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]]. V prodolženje dolgyh lět Džabrail razkryvaje proroku Božje Slovo – sodržanje [[Wp/isv/Koran|Koran]]a. Muhamed propovědaje 3 goda samo blizkim prijateljam i znajemym. Poslěd, pri 613 g., se oddavaje publičnym [[Wp/isv/Propověd|propovědjam]]. == Hidžra == Kogda jest začalo pri Muhamadu pojavjati se věče poslědovateljev, vlada v Meke načinaje jego mněvati nebezpečnym. Muhamad se čuvstvuje ogroženym i prěz 622 g. se prěsěljaje vo grad [[Wp/isv/Jasrib|Jasrib]] – Medinu (okolo 450 kilometrov va sěver ot Meky), kde jemu prědkladajut ukrytje. Tuto prěsěljenje, narečeno [[Wp/isv/Hidžra|hidžra]], jest povratna točka v žitju Proroka. Od hidžry začinaje se [[Wp/isv/Islamsky kalendar|muslimansko lětoizčisljenje]]. V Meke on ne imaje mnogo poslědovateljev, ale v Medině tyh jest mnogo veče, i on skoro dobyvaje vliv, ktory jego faktično dělaje absolutnym vladarom. Podčas několik dalših lět, kogda čislo [[Wp/isv/Islam|muslimanov]] brzo narastaje, se stalo několiko bitev medžu Medinoju i Mekoju. Tuta vojna zakončila se v 630 g. i Muhamad vračaje se pobědonosno v Meku kako dobyvatelj. Podčas ostalyh 2,5 lět jego života [[Wp/isv/Arabi|arabske plemena]] brzo se priobčajut k novoj religije. == Ekspansija Islama == Kogda on jest umrl v ponedelnik 8 juna 632 g., Muhamad uže byl faktično vladarem cěloj Južnoj Arabiji. [[Wp/isv/Beduiny|Beduinske plemena]] v [[Wp/isv/Arabski poluostrov|Arabiji]] byli slavni kako bezstrašni bojovniky, ale oni sut byli male čislom i byli razdirane razjedinjenjem i medžuosobnimy vojnamy i ne sut mogli se měriti s večšimi armijami kraljevstv, ustanovjenyh v [[Wp/isv/Zemjedělje|zemjedelskyh]] regionah na sěveru. Objedinjene Muhamadom prvokratno v historiji i inspirovane plamennoju věroju v [[Wp/isv/Jednobožstvo|jedinogo Boga]], tute arabske bojovniky sut prědprijali red naj-raziteljnyh zavojevanij v ljudskoj historiji. Na severoiztok ot Arabije jest ležela obširna [[Wp/isv/Persidska imperija|novopersidska imperija]] [[Wp/isv/Sasanidy|Sasanidov]]; dalje na severozapadu byla [[Wp/isv/Bizantijska imperija|Bizantija]], ili [[Wp/isv/Iztočna rimska imperija|Iztočna rimska imperija]] s centrom v [[Wp/isv/Konstantinopol|Konstantinopolu]]. Kolikostno, araby ne mogli sut se sravnjati s protivnikami. Ale na polě bitvy situacija byla vpolno inoju i inspirovane araby sut brzo dobyli cělu [[Wp/isv/Mesopotamija|Mesopotamiju]], [[Wp/isv/Sirija|Siriju]] i [[Wp/isv/Palestina|Palestinu]]. V 642 g. [[Wp/isv/Egipt|Egipt]] byl odrězanym od [[Wp/isv/Bizantijska imperija|Bizantijskoj imperije]], a persidske vojska sut razbite pri velikih bitvah okolo [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Kadisiji|Kadisiji]] v 637 g. i [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Nefavendu|Nefavendu]] v 642 g. Ale daže tute ogromni zavoevanija, dosežene pod voditeljstvom naj-blizkih prijateljev i nastupnikov Muhamada – [[Wp/isv/Abu Bakr|Abu Bakra]] i [[Wp/isv/Omar Ibn Al-Hatab|Omara Ibn Al-Hataba]], ne stali sut krajem arabskogo našestvja. V 711 g. arabske armije uže dobyli sut cělu Sěvernu [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afriku]] až k [[Wp/isv/Atlantičny okean|Atlantičnomu okeanu]]. Odtud oni sut se posunuli na sěver, prěbrodili [[Wp/isv/Gibraltarski protok|Gibraltarsky protok]] i [[Wp/isv/Arabsko-islamsko zavojevanje Iberijskogo poluostrova|zavladnuli Iberijsky poluostrov]]. Pet lět po tom araby napadajut Konstantinopol po suše i morju, pod prědvodženjem Maslamy, brata halifa Sulejmana ibn Abd al Malika. Oni prišli sut s ne viděnoju v tu epohu armijeju – 200 000 duš i 5000 korabov. Onogda jestvovalo ostrěganje, že muslimany mogut pokoriti cělu hristijansku [[Wp/isv/Evropa|Evropu]]. Slěd neuspešnoj jednogodičnoj obsady, lětom 718 g. araby sut dostali sveže sily. Nova vojska debarkovali sut pri Abidosu v Trakiji i izstupili sut na Konstantinopol. Ale, v rešajučej sěče bulgary pod voditeljstvom [[Wp/isv/Han Tervel|Hana Tervela]] totalno jih razbivajut. V znamenitoj [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Puatje|bitvě pri Puatje]] v 732 g. muslimanske vojska, ševše vprěd do centra dnešnoj [[Wp/isv/Francija|Francije]], sut byli razbity [[Wp/isv/Franky|frankami]]. Za menje než jedno stolětje araby sut iztvorili imperiju, koja jest se prostirala ot [[Wp/isv/Indija|Indiji]] do [[Wp/isv/Atlantičny okean|Atlantičnogo okeana]], kaku svět ne jest ješče viděl prěd tym. I vsekde, kam stupali muslimanske vojska, proiztěkala masova integracija v novu věru. Ne vse zavoevanija trajat dolgo. Ače persy sut shranili svoju věru v Proroka, pozdněje persy sebe izvojovali nezavisnost ot arabov. A slěd veče než 7 stolětij borby hristijane sut si vratili [[Wp/isv/Iberijsky poluostrov|Iberijsky poluostrov]] podolg [[Wp/isv/Rekonkista|Rekonkisty]]. [[Wp/isv/Mesopotamija|Mesopotamija]] i [[Wp/isv/Egipt|Egipt]], kolěbky drěvnyh civilizacij, ostanut nadolgo vo vladanju arabov, ktore vladajut i cělym [[Wp/isv/Sěverna Afrika|sěveroafrikanskim]] pribrěžjem. Islam prodolžil razprostranjati se prěz stolětja daleko za granicy prvonačelnih muslimanskih zavojevanij. V naši dni on imaje desetki milionov poslědovateljev v [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afrikě]] i Centralnoj [[Wp/isv/Azija|Aziji]] i mnogo vyšši čislo v [[Wp/isv/Pakistan|Pakistanu]], Severnoj [[Wp/isv/Indija|Indiji]] i [[Wp/isv/Indonezija|Indoneziji]]. Kako i vse religije, Islam okazyvaje ogromny vliv na žitje svojih poslědovateljev. == Vliv == Od čisto religioznogo gledišča može skazati, že vilv Muhamada na historiju člověčstva jest sravnimy s vlivom [[Wp/isv/Isus|Isusa]]. Muhamad, na razliku od Isusa, jest dostojnoju figuroju kako od religioznogo, tak i od světskogo gledišča. Jedinymi podobnymi uspehami v človečkoj historiji sut zavojevanja [[Wp/isv/Mongoly|mongolov]] v 13-m věku, ktore sut glavno svezane s [[Wp/isv/Čingis han|Čingis hanom]] (''Temučinom''), [[Wp/isv/Drevna Makedonija|Drěvnoju Makedonijeju]] i [[Wp/isv/Rimskata imperija|Rimskoju imperijeju]]. Ače oni byli vyše obširnymi, než arabske, te jednakože se okazyvajut vyše netrajnymi v jezikovom i spoločnostnom smyslah. Arabske zavojevanja sut vyše homogenni, od [[Wp/isv/Irak|Iraka]] do [[Wp/isv/Maroko|Maroka]] se prostiraje cěla veriga arabskih nacij (do velikogo stupnja od arabizovanyh narodov), objedinenyh ne samo Islamskoju věroju, no i občim za njih [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabskym jezykom]], historijeju i kulturoju. Muhamad jest jediny voditelj v historiji, dostignuvši izključiteljnyh uspehov kakto vo věrozakonoj, tako i vo světskoj sferah. Bez obzira nai skromno proizhodženje, on razprostranjaje jednu iz naj-velikyh religij na světu, projavjajuči sebe kako nadobyčajno silny političny vodž. Město [[Wp/isv/Koran|Korana]] v islamskom věrozakonu i toj fakt, že on jest napisany na arabskom, isto sut unemožnili razpad arabskogo jezyka na vzajemno nerazumlive [[Wp/isv/Dialekt|dialekty]], čto inače by moglo se slučiti prěz prošedše 14 stoljětij. Arabske zavojevanja, nadohnene Muhamadom v 7-om věku, prodolžajut i dnes igrati važnu rolju v historiji člověčstva. == Svezane članky == * [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]] == Čitati dalje == * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Mubarakfuri | first = Safiurrahman | others = prěvod s arabskogo: Mariana Malinova | title = Светли страници от житието на Мухаммед | origyear = 2006 | url = http://www.islamforbulgaria.com/onlinelibrary/Jitieto_na_Muhammed(a.s.s.).pdf | publisher = Прозрение-1424; К-принт | location = Sofija | isbn = 954-915-152-2 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Jylmyz | first = Hajati | others = Memiš Merdan (prěklad) | title = Хазрети Мухаммед и ислямското общество | origyear = 2008 | publisher = Главно мюфтийство на мюсюлманите в Република България | location = Sofija | isbn = 978-954-9880-16-8 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Bej | first = Esad | title = Мохамед – биография | origyear = 2008 | publisher = Гуторанов и Син | location = Sofija | isbn = 954-5072-12-1 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Kandemir | first = Jašar | title = Хз. Мухамед (с.а.в.) | origyear = 2007 | publisher = Главно мюфтийство на мюсюлманите в Република България | location = Sofija }} * Теофанов, Цветан. Феноменология на пророка. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2015. ISBN 978-954-07-3987-8. ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * [http://www.way-to-allah.com/bul/miracles/wunder_prophet.html Чудесата на пророка Мухаммед] * [http://www.way-to-allah.com/bul/documents/Jitieto_na_Muhammed(a.s.s.).pdf Житието на Мухаммед] * [http://islam-bg.blogspot.com/2008/02/blog-post.html Мохаммед (С.А.С.)] {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|bg|Мохамед}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Islam]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Araby]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Religija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9458}} dagdefwq78zvac47xi67y9qyipna2f3 6699819 6699816 2025-07-02T11:34:31Z Ilja isv 2601220 6699819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = {{Wp/isv/Big|Muhamad}}<br />{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|مُحَمَّدٌ}} | honorific_suffix = | image = [[File:Prophet Muhammad Name Arabic Calligraphy (with sAaws).png|center|250px|Kaligrafično izobraženje imene Proroka na arabskom jezyku]] | caption = Kaligrafično izobraženje imene Proroka na arabskom jezyku | birth_name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh <br> ({{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله}}) | birth_date = 570 | birth_place = [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meka]], [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžaz]], [[Wp/isv/Arabiijsky poluostrov|Arabija]]<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | death_date = 8 junija 632 | death_place = [[Wp/isv/Medina|Medina]], [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžaz]], [[Wp/isv/Arabiijsky poluostrov|Arabia]]<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | body_discovered = | resting_place = [[Wp/isv/Zelena kupola|Zelena kupola]] v [[Wp/isv/Al-Masdžid an-Nabavi|al-Masdžid an-Nabavi]], Medina<br />(v naše dni [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) | resting_place_coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|24|28|03.22|N|039|36|41.18|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=title|name=Zelena kupola}} | monuments = | other_names = {{Wp/isv/Unbulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; |''Abu al-Kasim'' ([[Wp/isv/Kunja (u Arabov)|prězvišče]]) |''Rasul Allāh'' (Poslannik Boga) |''(sm. [[Wp/isv/Imena i tituly Muhamada|Imena i tituly Muhamada]])''}} | years_active = 583–609 kako kupec<br />609–632 kako religijny vodž | employer = | notable_works = [[Wp/isv/Konstitucija Mediny|Konstitucija Mediny]] | predecessor = | successor = [[Wp/isv/Nastupniky Muhamada|Nastupniky Muhamada]] | spouse = {{Wp/isv/Aligned table|style=line-height:120%;right=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y | [[Wp/isv/Ženy Muhamada|Ženy Muhamada]] | Lěta | [[Wp/isv/Hadidža bint Huvajlid|Hadidža bint Huvajlid]] |595–619 | [[Wp/isv/Sawda bint Zamʿa|Sawda bint Zamʿa]] |619–632 | [[Wp/isv/Aiša|Aiša bint Abi Bakr]] |619–632 | [[Wp/isv/Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsa bint Umar]] |624–632 | [[Wp/isv/Zajnab bint Huzajma|Zajnab bint Huzajma]] |625–627 | [[Wp/isv/Umm Salama|Hind bint Abi Umajja]]|625–632 | [[Wp/isv/Zajnab bint Džahš|Zajnab bint Džahš]] |627–632 | [[Wp/isv/Džuwajrijja bint al-Harith|Džuwajrijja bint al-Harith]] |628–632 | [[Wp/isv/Ramla bint Abi Sufjan|Ramla bint Abi Sufjan]] |628–632 | [[Wp/isv/Rajhana bint Zaid|Rajhana bint Zaid]] |629–631 | [[Wp/isv/Safijja bint Hujaji|Safijja bint Hujaji]] |629–632 | [[Wp/isv/Majmunah bint al-Harith|Majmunah bint al-Harith]] |630–632 | [[Wp/isv/Marija al-Kibtijja|Marija al-Kibtijja]] |630–632 }} | children = [[Wp/isv/Děti Muhamada|Děti]] | parents = [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (otec)<br>[[Wp/isv/Aminah|Aminah bint Wahb]] (mati) | relatives = [[Wp/isv/Rodinno drěvo Muhamada|Rodinno drěvo Muhamada]], [[Wp/isv/Ahl al-Bajt|Ahl al-Bajt]]&nbsp;("Rodina Doma") | module = {{Wp/isv/Kartka arabsko ime|embed=yes | ism = Muhammad | nasab = Muḥammad ibn [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|'Abd Allah]] ibn '[[Wp/isv/Abdul-Muttalib|Abdul-Muttalib]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hašim]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Abd Manaf ibn Kusai|'Abd Manaf]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Kusai ibn Kilab|Kusai]] ibn [[Wp/isv/Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]] | kunya = Abu [[Wp/isv/Kasim ibn Muhammad|al-Kasim]] | laqab = [[Wp/isv/Hātim an-Nâbîdžīn|Hātim an-Nâbîdžīn]] (Poslědny iz Prorokov) }} | signature = [[File:Muhammad Seal.svg|center|150px|]] |signature_type=Pečet}} '''Muhamad''' ({{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|محمد}} {{Wp/isv/-|[mʊħɑmmæd]}}, ^{{{Wp/isv/Zvuk|Ar-muhammad.ogg|izgovor}}}), takože '''Mohamad, Muhammed''' i '''Magomet''', jest [[Wp/isv/Araby|arabski]] [[Wp/isv/Religija|religijny]] i [[Wp/isv/Politika|političny]] vodž i Prorok [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islama]]. Jest takože izvestny kako '''Abu Kasim ibn Abd Abdullah'''. Byl nazvany "Pečet Prorokov" ili v vyše točnom prěkladu, "Poslědny iz Prorokov". == Ranje žitje == Muhamad ('''Muhammad ibn Abd Allah''') rodil se v 570 ili 571 g. v gradu [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meka]] v [[Wp/isv/Hidžaz|Hidžazu]] (dnešna [[Wp/isv/Saudovska Arabija|Saudovska Arabija]]) – procvětavšem v svoje vreme trgovom centru na trgovom putu, koj jest svezyval [[Wp/isv/Jemen|Jemen]] so [[Wp/isv/Srědozemnomorje|Srědozemnomorjem]]. Proizhodi iz roda [[Wp/isv/Banu Hašim|Banu Hašim]] plemena [[Wp/isv/Koraiš|koraiš]], ktoro jest upravljalo gradom. Jego otec [[Wp/isv/Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah]] ("rab Boga") jest umrl prěd jego rodženjem, kogda byl na trgovanju v gradu [[Wp/isv/Basra|Basra]] (dnešny [[Wp/isv/Irak|Irak]]). Mati [[Wp/isv/Aminah bint Wahb|Amina]] ("blagočestiva“) jego dava za oglědanje krmilice imenom [[Wp/isv/Halima|Halima]] (po tradicije novorodžene se davali krmilicam od plemena, koje jest žilo v pustynje, da by izrastli zdravi, daleko od bolěznjij i [[Wp/isv/Epidemija|epidemij]] v gradu), ale na 4-godišny vozrast ta jego vratila do grada k jegovoj mati. Kogda Muhamadu bylo 6 lět, pri putuvanju obratno od rodinnogo gostěvanja do [[Wp/isv/Medina|Mediny]] umiraje jemu mati slěd jejinoj hvoroby, i on ide k svojemu dědu [[Wp/isv/Abd al Muttalib|Abd al Muttalibu]], koj umiraje ješče slěd 2 lět. Buduči prorok ostava pod dbanjem svojego stryjca [[Wp/isv/Abu Talib|Abu Taliba]]. Kogda Muhamadu bylo 12 lět, on putоval jest zajedno so stryjcom za trgovanje do [[Wp/isv/Sirija|Sirije]]. Blizko do Basry oni vezli se okolo obitališča hristijanskogo otšelnika imenom [[Wp/isv/Bahira|Bahira]], koj jest poželal strěčati karvandžikov, da by jim skazati, že s nimi putuje buduči prorok. V lětu [[Wp/isv/595|595]] Muhamad vračaje se v [[Wp/isv/Meka|Meku]] i stava se pastyrom. V toj čas rod proroka imaje finansove zatrudnenija i zato on započinaje rabotati voditeljem karavanov za bogatu vdovicu [[Wp/isv/Hadidža bint Huvajlid|Hadidžu]] (ili Hatidžu na [[Wp/isv/Turkijske jezyky|tjurkskom]]), ktora iměla naslědstvo po 2 suprugah. Ona byla tak vpečatlena od kakostej Muhamada, že jego prosila o ruku. Od nej on iměl četyri dočerky i dvoh vnukov – Al-Hasana i Al-Husejna. Oni oba, zajedno s četyrěmi prvymi halifami věry, samogo Allaha i Proroka Muhamada sut izobraženy kako 8 [[Wp/isv/Tugry|tugrov]] na kupolě každoj [[Wp/isv/Mečeta|mečety]]. Odnosno poklonenija tlennym ostankam naslědnikov Proroka vznikajut različja medžu [[Wp/isv/Šiizm|šiitami]] (od ''šaiat Ali'' ili "spodvižnikov Ali“ – poklonniky tradicije, proizhodeči od Ali, zeta Muhamada i jego kuzena) i [[Wp/isv/Sunizm|sunitami]] (mněvajučimi, že svez medžu Allahom i ljudmi musi byti črěz teksty Korana i propověd Muhamada). Kogda jest priblizilo se jego 40-to lěto, vse ješče ne byli vnešnji priznaky, že jest vidnoju ličnostju. V toj čas večšinstvo arabov byli [[Wp/isv/Poganstvo|pogancami]], věrivšimi vo mnogo božestv. == Objavjanja == Okolo 610 g. Muhamad načinaje osamočenje v jamě Hira na gorě Nur v okolnosti Meki na vreme měseca [[Wp/isv/Ramadan|Ramadan]]. Tam on posti i se oddavaje molitvam. Jednoju nočju byl posěčeny [[Wp/isv/Arhangel|Arhangelom]] [[Wp/isv/Gabriel|Gabrielom]] (Džabrailom), ktory jemu jest kazal: "''Čitaj"'' ili "''Recitiuj"''. Podolg islamskoj tradicije, Muhamad je negramotny i ne može čitati. V dojmu od sobytja, on vračaje se pri Hadidžu, ktora jego priznavaje [[Wp/isv/Prorok|prorokom]] i prijemaje [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]]. Zanedolgo za nej sut poslědovali jedva 10-lěty kuzen Muhameda [[Wp/isv/Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali]] i blizky drug proroka [[Wp/isv/Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]]. V prodolženje dolgyh lět Džabrail razkryvaje proroku Božje Slovo – sodržanje [[Wp/isv/Koran|Koran]]a. Muhamed propovědaje 3 goda samo blizkim prijateljam i znajemym. Poslěd, pri 613 g., se oddavaje publičnym [[Wp/isv/Propověd|propovědjam]]. == Hidžra == Kogda jest začalo pri Muhamadu pojavjati se věče poslědovateljev, vlada v Meke načinaje jego mněvati nebezpečnym. Muhamad se čuvstvuje ogroženym i prěz 622 g. se prěsěljaje vo grad [[Wp/isv/Jasrib|Jasrib]] – Medinu (okolo 450 kilometrov va sěver ot Meky), kde jemu prědkladajut ukrytje. Tuto prěsěljenje, narečeno [[Wp/isv/Hidžra|hidžra]], jest povratna točka v žitju Proroka. Od hidžry začinaje se [[Wp/isv/Islamsky kalendar|muslimansko lětoizčisljenje]]. V Meke on ne imaje mnogo poslědovateljev, ale v Medině tyh jest mnogo veče, i on skoro dobyvaje vliv, ktory jego faktično dělaje absolutnym vladarom. Podčas několik dalših lět, kogda čislo [[Wp/isv/Islam|muslimanov]] brzo narastaje, se stalo několiko bitev medžu Medinoju i Mekoju. Tuta vojna zakončila se v 630 g. i Muhamad vračaje se pobědonosno v Meku kako dobyvatelj. Podčas ostalyh 2,5 lět jego života [[Wp/isv/Arabi|arabske plemena]] brzo se priobčajut k novoj religije. == Ekspansija Islama == Kogda on jest umrl v ponedelnik 8 junija 632 g., Muhamad uže byl faktično vladarem cěloj Južnoj Arabiji. [[Wp/isv/Beduiny|Beduinske plemena]] v [[Wp/isv/Arabski poluostrov|Arabiji]] byli slavni kako bezstrašni bojovniky, ale oni sut byli male čislom i byli razdirane razjedinjenjem i medžuosobnimy vojnamy i ne sut mogli se měriti s večšimi armijami kraljevstv, ustanovjenyh v [[Wp/isv/Zemjedělje|zemjedelskyh]] regionah na sěveru. Objedinjene Muhamadom prvokratno v historiji i inspirovane plamennoju věroju v [[Wp/isv/Jednobožstvo|jedinogo Boga]], tute arabske bojovniky sut prědprijali red naj-raziteljnyh zavojevanij v ljudskoj historiji. Na severoiztok ot Arabije jest ležela obširna [[Wp/isv/Persidska imperija|novopersidska imperija]] [[Wp/isv/Sasanidy|Sasanidov]]; dalje na severozapadu byla [[Wp/isv/Bizantijska imperija|Bizantija]], ili [[Wp/isv/Iztočna rimska imperija|Iztočna rimska imperija]] s centrom v [[Wp/isv/Konstantinopol|Konstantinopolu]]. Kolikostno, araby ne mogli sut se sravnjati s protivnikami. Ale na polě bitvy situacija byla vpolno inoju i inspirovane araby sut brzo dobyli cělu [[Wp/isv/Mesopotamija|Mesopotamiju]], [[Wp/isv/Sirija|Siriju]] i [[Wp/isv/Palestina|Palestinu]]. V 642 g. [[Wp/isv/Egipt|Egipt]] byl odrězanym od [[Wp/isv/Bizantijska imperija|Bizantijskoj imperije]], a persidske vojska sut razbite pri velikih bitvah okolo [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Kadisiji|Kadisiji]] v 637 g. i [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Nefavendu|Nefavendu]] v 642 g. Ale daže tute ogromni zavoevanija, dosežene pod voditeljstvom naj-blizkih prijateljev i nastupnikov Muhamada – [[Wp/isv/Abu Bakr|Abu Bakra]] i [[Wp/isv/Omar Ibn Al-Hatab|Omara Ibn Al-Hataba]], ne stali sut krajem arabskogo našestvja. V 711 g. arabske armije uže dobyli sut cělu Sěvernu [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afriku]] až k [[Wp/isv/Atlantičny okean|Atlantičnomu okeanu]]. Odtud oni sut se posunuli na sěver, prěbrodili [[Wp/isv/Gibraltarski protok|Gibraltarsky protok]] i [[Wp/isv/Arabsko-islamsko zavojevanje Iberijskogo poluostrova|zavladnuli Iberijsky poluostrov]]. Pet lět po tom araby napadajut Konstantinopol po suše i morju, pod prědvodženjem Maslamy, brata halifa Sulejmana ibn Abd al Malika. Oni prišli sut s ne viděnoju v tu epohu armijeju – 200 000 duš i 5000 korabov. Onogda jestvovalo ostrěganje, že muslimany mogut pokoriti cělu hristijansku [[Wp/isv/Evropa|Evropu]]. Slěd neuspešnoj jednogodičnoj obsady, lětom 718 g. araby sut dostali sveže sily. Nova vojska debarkovali sut pri Abidosu v Trakiji i izstupili sut na Konstantinopol. Ale, v rešajučej sěče bulgary pod voditeljstvom [[Wp/isv/Han Tervel|Hana Tervela]] totalno jih razbivajut. V znamenitoj [[Wp/isv/Bitva pri Puatje|bitvě pri Puatje]] v 732 g. muslimanske vojska, ševše vprěd do centra dnešnoj [[Wp/isv/Francija|Francije]], sut byli razbity [[Wp/isv/Franky|frankami]]. Za menje než jedno stolětje araby sut iztvorili imperiju, koja jest se prostirala ot [[Wp/isv/Indija|Indiji]] do [[Wp/isv/Atlantičny okean|Atlantičnogo okeana]], kaku svět ne jest ješče viděl prěd tym. I vsekde, kam stupali muslimanske vojska, proiztěkala masova integracija v novu věru. Ne vse zavoevanija trajat dolgo. Ače persy sut shranili svoju věru v Proroka, pozdněje persy sebe izvojovali nezavisnost ot arabov. A slěd veče než 7 stolětij borby hristijane sut si vratili [[Wp/isv/Iberijsky poluostrov|Iberijsky poluostrov]] podolg [[Wp/isv/Rekonkista|Rekonkisty]]. [[Wp/isv/Mesopotamija|Mesopotamija]] i [[Wp/isv/Egipt|Egipt]], kolěbky drěvnyh civilizacij, ostanut nadolgo vo vladanju arabov, ktore vladajut i cělym [[Wp/isv/Sěverna Afrika|sěveroafrikanskim]] pribrěžjem. Islam prodolžil razprostranjati se prěz stolětja daleko za granicy prvonačelnih muslimanskih zavojevanij. V naši dni on imaje desetki milionov poslědovateljev v [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afrikě]] i Centralnoj [[Wp/isv/Azija|Aziji]] i mnogo vyšši čislo v [[Wp/isv/Pakistan|Pakistanu]], Severnoj [[Wp/isv/Indija|Indiji]] i [[Wp/isv/Indonezija|Indoneziji]]. Kako i vse religije, Islam okazyvaje ogromny vliv na žitje svojih poslědovateljev. == Vliv == Od čisto religioznogo gledišča može skazati, že vilv Muhamada na historiju člověčstva jest sravnimy s vlivom [[Wp/isv/Isus|Isusa]]. Muhamad, na razliku od Isusa, jest dostojnoju figuroju kako od religioznogo, tak i od světskogo gledišča. Jedinymi podobnymi uspehami v človečkoj historiji sut zavojevanja [[Wp/isv/Mongoly|mongolov]] v 13-m věku, ktore sut glavno svezane s [[Wp/isv/Čingis han|Čingis hanom]] (''Temučinom''), [[Wp/isv/Drevna Makedonija|Drěvnoju Makedonijeju]] i [[Wp/isv/Rimskata imperija|Rimskoju imperijeju]]. Ače oni byli vyše obširnymi, než arabske, te jednakože se okazyvajut vyše netrajnymi v jezikovom i spoločnostnom smyslah. Arabske zavojevanja sut vyše homogenni, od [[Wp/isv/Irak|Iraka]] do [[Wp/isv/Maroko|Maroka]] se prostiraje cěla veriga arabskih nacij (do velikogo stupnja od arabizovanyh narodov), objedinenyh ne samo Islamskoju věroju, no i občim za njih [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabskym jezykom]], historijeju i kulturoju. Muhamad jest jediny voditelj v historiji, dostignuvši izključiteljnyh uspehov kakto vo věrozakonoj, tako i vo světskoj sferah. Bez obzira nai skromno proizhodženje, on razprostranjaje jednu iz naj-velikyh religij na světu, projavjajuči sebe kako nadobyčajno silny političny vodž. Město [[Wp/isv/Koran|Korana]] v islamskom věrozakonu i toj fakt, že on jest napisany na arabskom, isto sut unemožnili razpad arabskogo jezyka na vzajemno nerazumlive [[Wp/isv/Dialekt|dialekty]], čto inače by moglo se slučiti prěz prošedše 14 stoljětij. Arabske zavojevanja, nadohnene Muhamadom v 7-om věku, prodolžajut i dnes igrati važnu rolju v historiji člověčstva. == Svezane članky == * [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]] == Čitati dalje == * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Mubarakfuri | first = Safiurrahman | others = prěvod s arabskogo: Mariana Malinova | title = Светли страници от житието на Мухаммед | origyear = 2006 | url = http://www.islamforbulgaria.com/onlinelibrary/Jitieto_na_Muhammed(a.s.s.).pdf | publisher = Прозрение-1424; К-принт | location = Sofija | isbn = 954-915-152-2 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Jylmyz | first = Hajati | others = Memiš Merdan (prěklad) | title = Хазрети Мухаммед и ислямското общество | origyear = 2008 | publisher = Главно мюфтийство на мюсюлманите в Република България | location = Sofija | isbn = 978-954-9880-16-8 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Bej | first = Esad | title = Мохамед – биография | origyear = 2008 | publisher = Гуторанов и Син | location = Sofija | isbn = 954-5072-12-1 }} * {{Wp/isv/Cite book | last = Kandemir | first = Jašar | title = Хз. Мухамед (с.а.в.) | origyear = 2007 | publisher = Главно мюфтийство на мюсюлманите в Република България | location = Sofija }} * Теофанов, Цветан. Феноменология на пророка. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2015. ISBN 978-954-07-3987-8. ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * [http://www.way-to-allah.com/bul/miracles/wunder_prophet.html Чудесата на пророка Мухаммед] * [http://www.way-to-allah.com/bul/documents/Jitieto_na_Muhammed(a.s.s.).pdf Житието на Мухаммед] * [http://islam-bg.blogspot.com/2008/02/blog-post.html Мохаммед (С.А.С.)] {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|bg|Мохамед}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Islam]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Araby]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Religija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9458}} dwphzw7sgwd73apwkfv9bvm35tsaxln 0 3609045 6699347 6696789 2025-07-01T12:14:55Z Kys-yaponiya 2607522 6699347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mentyvamenvocal.ogg|thumb|ちちゅん]] '''トゥヴァ共和国ぬ国歌'''ー、[[ロシア連邦]][[Wp/ryu/トゥヴァ共和国|トゥヴァ共和国]]ぬ国歌っし、2011年はちぐゎち11日に制定さりやびたん。 作詞ーBayantsagaan Oohiy、作曲ーOlonbayar Gantomir。 == 歌詞 == === トゥヴァ口 === Арт–арттың оваазынга Дажын салып чалбарган Таңды, Саян ыдыынга Агын өргээн тыва мен. <small>'''Кожумаа:'''</small> Мен – тыва мен, Мөңге харлыг дагның оглу мен. Мен – тыва мен, Мөңгүн суглуг чурттуң төлү мен. Өгбелерим чуртунда Өлчей тарып иженген, Өткүт хөөмей ырынга Өөрүп талаан тыва мен. <small>'''Кожумаа:'''</small> Аймак чоннар бүлези Акы–дуңма найыралдыг, Депшилгеже чүткүлдүг Демниг чурттуг тыва мен. <small>'''Кожумаа:'''</small><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201205190054/http://gov.tuva.ru/region/gimn/</ref> === トゥヴァ口歌詞ラテン文字んかい表記 === Art–arttyň ovaazynga Dažyn salyp čalbargan Taňdy, Saân ydyynga Agyn örgéén tyva men. '''Kožumaa:''' Men – tyva men, Möňge harlyg dagnyň oglu men. Men – tyva men, Möňgün suglug čurttuň tölü men. Ögbelerim čurtunda Ölčej taryp ižengen, Ötküt höömej yrynga Öörüp talaan tyva men. '''Kožumaa:''' Ajmak čonnar bülezi Aky–duňma najyraldyg, Depšilgeže čütküldüg Demnig čurttug tyva men. '''Kožumaa:''' === うちなーぐち === ちゅらさる山ぬオヴァーぬくぃーっし 石ちみ、わんねーいぬいん。 タンドゥ、サヤン、うぬ地うぅてぃ わんねーミルク撒ちゅるトゥヴァ人 '''繰いけーし''' わんねートゥヴァ人やん 永遠ぬ雪山ぬいぃきがんぐゎやん。 わんねートゥヴァ人やん 氷河水ぬ国ぬいぃなぐんぐゎやん わんが先祖ぬくぬ国っし しぇーうぇーぬ自然ぬ咲き誇い ぬーでぃー歌がちかりっとーん。 しぇーうぇーぬ国ぬわんねートゥヴァ人 '''繰いけーし''' 国ぬ人民ーむるやーにんじゅ ちょーでーうぅなえーどぅしやい ちゅーくめーんかい進むるぬやん 団結さる国ぬわんねートゥヴァ人。 '''繰いけーし''' [[Category:Wp/ryu]] {{INTERWIKI|Q10860347}} n7e4zftx50j67dwynqqx3q4eppki64v 0 3609397 6699435 6687980 2025-07-01T14:39:36Z RevSky225 2602446 Création d'article 6699435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gilbert Koné Kafana.jpg|thumb|Gilbert Koné Kafana]] '''Gilbert Koné Kafana''', be wuli i afuɛ 1951 Zanvie nun, Kagbolodougou mɔ o District des Savanes su lɔ, ɔ ti Côte d'Ivoire politikifuɛ kun, ɔ ti Rassemblement des républicains (RDR) nin Rassemblement des houphouëtistes pour la démocratie et la paix (RHDP) be nun lalafuɛ sran'n kun. Be sieli i minisri kpɛ kaka, kpɛkun be tali i sa su ekun man ɔ yoli Haut Représentant du Chef de l'État afuɛ 2023, Ɔktɔblu sra i le 4 su. == Sran wun ndɛ silɛ == Afuɛ 1951 Zanvie nun’n, be wuli Gilbɛti Kɔnɛ Kafana klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Kagbolodougou’n mɔ o District des Savanes su lɔ. Gilbert Koné Kafana lɛ bla, yɛ ɔ le ba nnun. Be flɛ i sia bla kɛ Tiémogô Soro. I wa kun, Sitioni Koné Kafana, yoli Côte d'Ivoire juman akpasua nga be flɛ i kɛ Technologie tropicale (I2T) i konsɛi d’administrasiɔn i su plezidan afuɛ 2022'n i Fevrie nun. Kɛ sɔ wun wa dunmua wa yo Office national de l'État civil et de l’identification (Oneci) i su dirɛtɛr zeneral kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2019, Desamblu nun lele m’ɔ́ fá jú Desamblu 2021 nun’n. Gilbert Koné Kafana nyannin i matɛmatiki baki (série C) Abidjan lɔ suklu dan nga be flɛ i kɛ lycée classique d'Abidjan’n i nun. Ɔ le injeniɛr en travaux publics diplɔmu, Abidjan lɔ suklu dan nga be flɛ i kɛ École nationale des travaux publiques (ENSTP) i nun. Ɔ dili junman fanunfanun sua nin ninnge’m be lika nianlɛ’n nun, kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 1976 nun lele m’ɔ́ fá jú afuɛ 1992 nun’n. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2009 nun lele m’ɔ́ fá jú afuɛ 2011 nun’n, ɔ ti awa i commissaire du gouvernement akpasua nga be flɛ i kɛ Fonds interprofessionnel pour la recherche et les conseils agricoles (FIRCA) i nun lɔ. Gilbert Koné Kafana kusu le otɛli kpanngban. == Politiki nun juman == Gilbert Koné Kafana ti Alassane Ouattara i mantanfuɛ blɛ ɔ ti Premier Minisri afuɛ 1990 nun’n. Kɛ be kpɛli Rassemblement des Républicains (RDR) ɔ yoli i nunfuɛ’n, kpɛkun be fɛli i be sieli secretɛr nasiɔnal. Afuɛ 2000, Desamblu i le nnun su’n, be trɛli i nin kpɛnngbɛn uflɛ mun blɛ bɔ be nanti ji ya Alassane Ouattara i kandidatir mɔ ba sɔ man nun depite be kpalɛ blɛ nun ti, ɔ man sonja mun be boli be. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i ndɛ sɔ’n nun’n, ɔ wluli sran nga be fali be wun toli be pati i ti'n be nun. I sin’n, blɛ bɔ be kpa mɛr mun'n ɔ yoli i campagne liɛ bisua nun lɔ, afin i wan ɔ yo Yopougon lɔ klɔ’n i su mɛr, afuɛ 2001 nun Marsi nun. == Kɛ ɔ fɛ i alɛ’n i awieliɛ lɔ’n == Afuɛ 2011 Zuɛn nun’n, be fali Gilbert Koné Kafana kɛ junman dilɛ’n, nin sran’m be lika nianlɛ’n, ɔ nin sran’m be afiɛn ndɛ’m be su kpɛn’n sa, ɔ dili junman sɔ’n afuɛ kun. Afuɛ kunngba sɔ’n nun’n, be fali i kɛ ɔ yo Yopougon lɔ klɔ dan kpafuɛ’n, m’ɔ ti Côte d’Ivoire lɔ klɔ dan kpafuɛ’n, m’ɔ ti Front Populaire Ivoirien (FPI) i lika dan’n, i sin’n, ɔ yoli klɔ kpɛnngbɛn afuɛ 2013 nun, ɔ nin Bertin Yao Yao m’ɔ ti klɔ kpɛnngbɛn ng’ɔ su tu i junman’n nun’n, be kunnin alɛ. Be fali i kɛ klɔ kpɛn ekun afuɛ 2018 nun. Ɔ wluli awa’n nun ekun afuɛ 2018 Zuie nun kɛ Ministɛri sa République Président i lika, ɔ nian anuannzɛ’m be afiɛn junman ng’ɔ o lɛ lele andɛ’n, afin afuɛ 2022, Marsi i le 1 su’n, be mɛnnin i junman kɛ nvle’n i su kpɛn sa. I bue kun su, ɔ mlinnin i bia’n su kɛ depite sa afuɛ 2021 nun mmla klɛfuɛ’m be alɛ’n nun, ɔ nin listi nga Michel Gbagbo, m’ɔ nin PDCI be o nun’n, ɔ sieli’n, Yopougon lɔ klɔ’n i su kpɛn’m be alɛ klikli’n nun mɔ kɛ ɔ fɛ i Laurent Gbagbo i tɔlɛ’n su afuɛ 2011 nun’n, sonja nga be suan Gbagbo i bo’n, b’a boycottman be’n. Novembri 2021 nu, eyoli sran dan kpa n'ga be siesieli assemblée générale constituante de l'Union des élections et des executifs du Grand Nord (UGN), asɔnun kun n'ga ti akplowa dan kpa. Afuɛ 2022, Fevrie nun’n, Alassane Ouattara seli kɛ bé síesíe Houphouëtistes be aɲia’n i uflɛ, naan bé fá "comité de réstructuration" kun mɔ Gilbert Kafana yɛ ɔ ti i su kpɛn’n niɔn. Kɛ be kacili be junman’n, ɔ kacili anuannzɛ’n i kpɛnngbɛn’m be kpɛnngbɛn. Gilbert Kafana m’ɔ nin Premier Ministri m’ɔ wuli’n, m’ɔ ti Prɛzidan Ouattara i aɲanbeunfuɛ’n, mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Amadou Gon Coulibaly’n be afiɛn’n mantan kpa’n, sran kpanngban be simɛn i kpa. Gilbert Koné Kafana kwla tinngɛ RHDP kɛ ɔ fa Adama Bictogo sie i osu kɛ ɔ yo Yopougou lɔ klɔ kpɛn’n, afuɛ 2023 nun’n, kɛ bé yó klɔ’n i su kpɛn’m be alɛ’n. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2021 Avrili nun lele m’ɔ́ fá jú afuɛ 2022 Avrili nun’n, Gilbert Koné Kafana ti nvle’n i su kpɛn’n i junman diwlɛ lɔ, ɔ niannin nvle’n i anuannzɛ’m be afiɛn Achi I i awa’n nun. Be sieli i kɛ ɔ yo nvle’n i su kpɛn’n i janunfuɛ dan afuɛ 2023, Ɔktɔblu i le 4 su, junman sɔ’n ti uflɛuflɛ. [[Category:Wp/bci]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Côte d'Ivoire Yassua Politikifuɛ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q111334944}} dvljwnr52ps681g95phkkq3yrm6exzq 10 3610441 6699742 6691945 2025-07-02T08:33:43Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/syl/Navbox | name = Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:wn/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:wn/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite book}} : books ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite map}} : maps ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite news}} : news articles ; 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{{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite book}} : books ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite map}} : maps ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite news}} : news articles ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite newsgroup}} : online newsgroups ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite press release}} : press releases ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite report}} : unpublished reports ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite sign}} : signs, plaques ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite speech}} : speeches ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite techreport}} : technical reports ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite thesis}} : theses ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite web}} : web sources | group2 = Preprint templates | list2 = * {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite arXiv}} * {{wy/syl/Tl|Cite bioRxiv}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite CiteSeerX}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite ssrn}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite AV media}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite episode}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite podcast}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{Wp/syl/tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Wp/syl/Documentation}} {{INTERWIKI|Q14447533}}[[Category:wn/syl]] </noinclude> 31gcy92vda9kkv6xbefu9ajbv4wc0qy 6699751 6699750 2025-07-02T08:37:51Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/syl/Navbox | name = wy/syl/Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:y/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:wy/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = wy/syl/Hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite book}} : books ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite map}} : maps ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite news}} : news articles ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite newsgroup}} : online newsgroups ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite press release}} : press releases ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite report}} : unpublished reports ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite sign}} : signs, plaques ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite speech}} : speeches ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite techreport}} : technical reports ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite thesis}} : theses ; {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite web}} : web sources | group2 = Preprint templates | list2 = * {{wy/syl/Tl|wy/syl/Cite arXiv}} * {{wy/syl/Tl|Cite bioRxiv}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite CiteSeerX}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite ssrn}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite AV media}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite episode}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite podcast}} * {{Wp/syl/tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{Wp/syl/tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Wp/syl/Documentation}} {{INTERWIKI|Q14447533}}[[Category:wn/syl]] </noinclude> 7qh3m35nvskujstcos1sse09hl0rwa7 6699752 6699751 2025-07-02T08:38:26Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/syl/Navbox | name = wy/syl/Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:wy/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:wy/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = wy/syl/Hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; 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Občo mněnje jest, že on se rodil v Genoe v roku 1451, kako syn tkača imenom [[Wp/isv/Domeniko Kolombo|Domeniko Kolombo]] i krojačky imenom [[Wp/isv/Susanna Fontanarossa|Susanna Fontanarossa]]. Jestvuje mnogo alternativnyh teorij jego proizhodženja, ale oni ne razvažajut věčšinstvom naučnikov. "Hristofor Kolumb" jest [[Wp/isv/Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskoju]] versijeju jego imena. Na [[Wp/isv/Italijsky jezyk|italijskom]] jego ime bylo originalno {{Wp/isv/Lang|it|Cristoforo Colombo}}'''.''' V roku 1492 Kolumb izlodil se na [[Wp/isv/Bahamy|Bahamah]] kako prvy evropejec v historiji. Jego prvonačelnoju mětoju bylo najdti bystrějši put v [[Wp/isv/Azija|Aziju]] iz [[Wp/isv/Evropa|Evropy]]. On jest poznany kako člověk, odkryvavši [[Wp/isv/Novy svět|Novy svět]], zatože jego putovanje počalo jest eru [[Wp/isv/Evropejska kolonizacija Ameriky|Evropejskoj kolonizacije Ameriky]]. Tuto byl važny moment v Evropejskoj historiji. Podčas togo, že [[Wp/isv/Lejf Erikson|Lejf Erikson]] byl, prividno, prvym evropejcom, ktory se izlodil na zemjah [[Wp/isv/Amerika|Ameriky]], to sobytje ne bylo dobro zadokumentovano i ne privedlo k naslědnomu kontaktu medžu Evropoju i Novym světom. Rezultatom byli prěnos skota, hvorob, zrna i nevoljnikov. Kogda [[Wp/isv/Španija|špancy]] sut dověděli se, že Kolumb jest našel [[Wp/isv/Novy svět|Novy svět]], mnogo drugyh ljudij, nazvanyh [[Wp/isv/Konkistador|konkistadorami]], sut pošli tudy takože. Tuto jest privedlo ko [[Wp/isv/Španska kolonizacija Ameriky|Španskoj kolonizaciji Ameriky]]. Kolumb jest umrl 20 maja 1506, v [[Wp/isv/Vajadolid|Vajadolidu]] v [[Wp/isv/Španija|Španiji]]. == Odkrytje Ameriky == Kolumb byl prvym evropejcom, ktory jest odkryl [[Wp/isv/Amerika|Ameriku]], s izključenjem [[Wp/isv/Lejfa Erikson|Lejfa Eriksona]]. == Putovanje v 1492 == Mongo ljudij v [[Wp/isv/Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evrope]] sut htěli najdti kratši put da by dosegnuti Azije. Kolumb jest mněval, že on bude mogti dostati se do Azije plavanjem črěz [[Wp/isv/Zapad|zapad]]. V toj čas uže byl dokaz, že [[Wp/isv/Zemja|Zemja]] jest krugla, ale on ne jest znal o jestvovanju [[Wp/isv/Zapadna polusfera|Zapadnoj polusfery]], ktora jest tak velika, že by jemu ne dozvolila dostati se do Azije.<ref name="brit">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus |title=Christopher Columbus |author=Flint, Valerie I.J. |date=February 11, 2016 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc |accessdate=April 20, 2016 |quote=}}</ref> Bez obzirov na tuto, Kolumb ne jest iměl dost grošov da by zaplatiti samostojno za svoje putovanje. Po razgromu [[Wp/isv/Granadsky emirat|Granadskogo emirata]], vladari Španije, [[Wp/isv/Ferdinand II Aragonsky|Ferdinand II]] i [[Wp/isv/Isabella I Kastiljska|Isabella {{Wp/isv/-|I}} Kastiljska]], sut suglasili zaplatiti jemu putovanje. On jest oběčal privezti nazad [[Wp/isv/Zlato|zlato]] i ''pripravy'' za njih.<ref name=brit/> [[File:Sebastien Destremau (11).jpg|thumb|left|Tuta 60-futova loď imaje jednaku dolžinu s največšim korabom Kolumba]] V avgustu 1492 g., Kolumb i jego [[Wp/isv/Morjak|morjaky]] sut ostavili Španju na trěh korabah: {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Santa Maria (korab)|Santa María]]''}} (Sveta Marija), {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Pinta (korab)|Pinta]]''}} (Kolorovana), i {{Wp/isv/-|''Santa Clara''}} (prězvana kako {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Ninja (korab)|Niña]]''}}: mala děvčinka).<ref>Columbus Day. The History Channel Website. Retrieved January 28, 2013.http://www.history.com/topics/columbus-day</ref> Tute tri koraba byli velmi malymi. Historiky mněvajut, že največsa lod {{Wp/isv/Lang|es|Santa María}} byla toliko 60&nbsp;futov (18.3&nbsp;m) dolga, i priblizno od 16 do 19&nbsp;futov (od 4.8 do 5.8&nbsp;m) široka.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Gould| first = Richard A.| title = Archaeology and the Social History of Ships| url = https://archive.org/details/archaeologysocia0000goul| year = 2000| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-56789-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/archaeologysocia0000goul/page/206 206] }}</ref><ref name="The Worlds of Christopher Columbus">{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last1 = Phillips| first1 = William D.| last2 = Phillips| first2 = Carla Rahn| title = The Worlds of Christopher Columbus| url = https://archive.org/details/worldsofchristop0000phil| year = 1992| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-44652-5| pages = [https://archive.org/details/worldsofchristop0000phil/page/143 143]–145 }}</ref> Ostalne koraby Kolumba byli ješče menšimi. Historiky mněvajut, že oni byli priblizno 50-60 futov dolgymi.<ref name="The Worlds of Christopher Columbus"/> ===Putovanje=== 12 oktobra 1492, poslě priblizno četyreh měsecov plavanja, Kolumb jest izsadil se na malom ostrove na [[Wp/isv/Bahamy|Bahamah]]. Městne sut nazyvali ostrov Guanahani; Kolumb jego jest prěimenoval v [[Wp/isv/San Salvador Island|San Salvador]] ("Svety Spasitel"). On jest spoznal se s domorodnymi amerikancami [[Wp/isv/Arawak people|Arawakami]] i [[Wp/isv/Taino|Taino]], ktore sut žili na ostrově. Oni byli prijatelske i mirne ko Kolumbu i jego ekipě. Ne znajuči, kde on byl, i mněvajuči, že jest dosegl Indije, on jest nazval jih "Indejcy". On jest proglasil jih zemju za špansku.<ref>"Christopher Columbus." Explorers & Discoverers of the World. Gale, 1993. Gale Biography In Context. Web. February 5, 2013.</ref> Potom Kolumb jest plyl na ostrov [[Wp/isv/Kuba|Kuba]], i dalje na ostrov [[Wp/isv/Hispanjola|Hispanjola]]. Na Hispanjolě on jest izbudoval [[Wp/isv/Fort|fort]]. Tuto byla jedna iz prvyh evropejskyh [[Wp/isv/Vojsko|vojennyh]] baz v [[Wp/isv/Zapadna polusfera|Zapadnoj polusferě]]. On nazval jego Navidad (na španskom "[[Wp/isv/Rodženje|Rodženje]]"). Tam on ostavil trideset devet členov ekipy, i prikazal jim iskati i stražiti zlato.<ref name="chacon">{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last1 = Chacon| first1 = Richard J.| last2 = Mendoza| first2 = Ruben G.| title = Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence| date = 2007| publisher = University of Arizona Press| isbn = 978-0-8165-2527-0| pages = 95–96 }}</ref> ===Odnošenje k domorodnym ljudjam=== V denj, kogda on jest pristal na Bahamah, Kolumb jest napisal o arawakah i taino:<blockquote>Oni muset byti dobrymi i sručnymi [[Wp/isv/Sluga|slugami]], [ako] oni povtorjajut veliko bystro vsečto my jim govorimo. Ja dumaju, jih by bylo velmi legko izdělati [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanami]], bo oni, kako izglědaje, ne imajut nikaku [[Wp/isv/Religija|religiju]] ... Ja vozmu šest od njih ... kogda budu [izhoditi, da by] oni mogli naučiti se našemu [[Wp/isv/Jezyk|jezyku]] ... S 50 ljudjmi vy možete pokarjati vseh i prinudžati jih dělati to, čto vy hčete.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Tinker| first = George E.| title = Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide| url = https://archive.org/details/missionaryconque0000tink| date = 1993| publisher = Fortress Press| isbn = 978-1-4514-0840-9| page = [https://archive.org/details/missionaryconque0000tink/page/8 8] }}</ref></blockquote> Suglasno {{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}: <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Conceptions Colomb map-fr.svg|Kolumb mněval jest, žr svět je taky File:Santa-Maria.jpg|Replika koraba ''Santa Maria'' File:Landing of Columbus (2).jpg|[[Wp/isv/Živopis|Živopisny]] obraz Kolumba pri izloďenju v Novom světu File:Columbus landing on Hispaniola.JPG|Obraz Kolumba pri izloďenju na Hispaniolě File:Columbus1.PNG|Karta prvogo putovanja Kolumba File:2.- DCVIII.0001.tif|Pismo od Kolumba (1493) </gallery></div> ==Vtoro putovanje== 24 septembra 1493 Kolumb ostavil Španju s dostatočnoju kolikostju korabov, zapasov i ljudij na to, da by [[Wp/isv/Vtrgnutje|vtrgnuti]] i [[Wp/isv/Kolonializm|izdělati španske kolonoje]] v Novom světu. On iměl 17 korabov i 1,200 ljudij. Tute ljudi byli [[Wp/isv/Vojsko|vojovniki]] i [[Wp/isv/Zemjedělstvo|zemjedělci]]. Medžu njimi byli sut takože svečenniki, rabotoju ktoryh bylo [[Wp/isv/Misionerstvo|konvertovati]] domorodcov v [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanstvo]].<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Bacchus| first = M.K.| title = Utilization, Misuse, and Development of Human Resources in the Early West Indian Colonies| url = https://archive.org/details/utilizationmisus0000bacc| year = 1990| publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press| isbn = 0-88920-982-0| pages = [https://archive.org/details/utilizationmisus0000bacc/page/6 6]–7 }}</ref> Na tuto putu, Kolumb jest izslědoval něktore ostrova iz [[Wp/isv/Male Antilske ostrovy|Malyh Antilskyh]]. On jest obplyl vokrug večšiny Hispanjoly i izslědoval strany [[Wp/isv/Jamajka|Jamajky]] i [[Wp/isv/Kuba|Kuby]], ktore on ne jest viděl na svojom prvom putovanju. Potom on jest vratil se v fort Navidad i dověděl se, že toj jest izgorěl. Jedinadset od 37 vojovnikov, ktoryh Kolumb jest nehal vo fortu, sut byli tam pogrebeni. Ostalne sut izčezli. Historiky mněvajut, že to bylo vslěd hvorob i bojovanja s narodom Arawak.<ref name=chacon /> === Odnošenje k domorodnym ljudjam === Dokolě Kolumb byl proč od Navidada, izslědovavši Jamajku i Kubu, jego vovjovniky sut prěstali rabotati na izbudovanju novogo forta i zemjedělišč. Oni prinudžali arawakov davati jim jedanje. Oni sut kradli věči arawakov i nasilovali jih žen. Kogda Kolumb jest o tom se dovědal, on jest prikazal jih [[Wp/isv/Smrtna kaznj|povesiti]]. Něktore vodže arawakov sut viděli Kolumba kako sojuznika svojih neprijateljev i napadli njego. Ale, špancy iměli mnogo orudžja, ktorogo arawaky sut nikogdy ne viděli, kako [[Wp/isv/Stalj|staljne]] [[Wp/isv/Meč|meče]], [[Wp/isv/Pika|piky]], [[Wp/isv/Samostrěl|samostrěly]], [[Wp/isv/Pes|psov]] i [[Wp/isv/Konj|konjev]]. Tuto jest pomogalo špancam velmi legko izygryvati boje protiv arawakov.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last1 = Lindaman| first1 = Dana| last2 = Ward| first2 = Kyle| title = History Lessons: How Textbooks from Around the World Portray U.S. History| year = 2006| publisher = The New Press| isbn = 1-59558-082-4| pages = 10–12 }}</ref> Kolumb iměl mnogo buntov protiv sebe i vojoval protiv mnogyh domorodvyh vodžev, ktore sut viděli jego kako zagrabnika i sojuznika Grakangari, vodža, s ktorym toj jest družil. Oni sut byli bystro razbity s pomočju evropejskyh iznahodok. Na tyh časteh ostrova, ktore jest zavojoval Kolumb, ne bylo tak mnogo zlata, i Kolumb prikazal prěstati jego iskati. ==Tretje putovanje== Kolumb jest odpravil se v dalše putovanje v lětu 1498. Kralju Žuanu II v Portugaliji skazali sut, že k jugozapadu od ostrovov [[Wp/isv/Kap Verd|Kap Verd]] jest [[Wp/isv/Kontinent|kontinent]]. Na svojom tretjem putovanju Kolumb jest htěl najdti toj kontinent.<ref>Morison, Samuel Eliot (1963). ''Journals & Other Documents on the Life & Voyages of Christopher Columbus.'' New York: The Heritage Press. p. 262. ASIN B002KR8WPQ.</ref> Pri jego naputstvovanju kraljevna Isabella pripomnila Kolumbu, že on musi odnositi se ko vsem domorodnym ljudjam dobro i musi iz njih izdělati [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijan]]. V tutom putovanju Kolumb jest poslal tri koraba rovno do West Indije ([[Wp/isv/Karibske ostrovy|Karibov]]). Sam on vedl tri drugyh koraba, prvo ko dvom portugalskym ostrovam, potom ko [[Wp/isv/Kanarske ostrovy|Kanarskym ostrovam]], potom do [[Wp/isv/Kap Verd|Kap Verdu]]. Od Kap Verda, oni sut plyli k sěverozapadnomu pribrěžju [[Wp/isv/Južna Amerika|Južnoj Ameriky]] i pristali na [[Wp/isv/Trinidad|Trinidadu]]. On takože jest izslědoval čest Juňoj Ameriky i ostrova, ktore tutčas nazyvajut se [[Wp/isv/Tobago|Tobago]] i [[Wp/isv/Grenada|Grenada]]. 19 avgusta 1498 Kolumb jest vratil se na Hispaniolu. On jest uznal, že mnoge španske oseljenci tam ne byli ščestni. Oni sut myslili, že v Novom světu bude vyše zlata. Mnoge iy njih sut buntovali, kogda on byl pryč. Kolumb jest povesil peteryh liderov buntov. On takože staral se obradovati staljnyh oseljencev i jest daval jim zemju na Hispaniolě. Jednakože, seljenci prodolžali posilati žaloby do Španije. V lětu 1499, kraljevna Isabella jest poslala člověka imenom Francisko de Bobadilja na Hispaniolu. Ona jest jemu dala pravomoč dělati vsečto on bude mněvati dělati. Ako došel v lětu 1500, prvo, čto jest on izdělal, bylo arestovati Kolumba i poslati jego nazad do Španije okovanogo. === Odnošenje k domorodnym ljudjam === Starajuči se izdělati španskyh oseljencev ščestnymi, Kolumb jest ustanovil sistem {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Encomienda|Encomienda]]''}} na Hispaniolě. V tutom sistemu Kolumd daval jest děl zemje na Hispaniolě každomu španskomu oseljencu. Poněkogda on jest mogl dati i cělo domorodno selo.Vsi obyvatelji, ktore sut žili v tutom arealu, museli rabotati na španskogo oseljenca. Aborigeny sut žili na tutoj zemje stolětja, Kolumb jest razdaval jih zemju i prinudžal jih naslědno rabotati na toj zemje. == Pozdejši život == 23 avgusta 1500 Kolumb byl arestovany na Hispaniolě, ktora tutčas nazyvaje se [[Wp/isv/Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo]] , za svirěpost k domorodnym obyvateljam, i osoblivo k špancam. On byl poslánym v Španju v okovah v oktobru 1500 goda i byl osvobodženym 25 dekembra 1500, i odvedenym v sud. Kolumb iměl vlivne prijatelji, i kralj jest vozvratil jemu svobodu. Jego ne dělali sut snova gubernatorom, ale dozvolili voditi nastupno putovanje. Kolumb jest umrl na [[Wp/isv/Nedostatočnost srdca|nedostatočnost srdca]] i [[Wp/isv/Artrit|artrit]] v [[Wp/isv/Vajadoid|Vajadoidu]] v Španiji, v možnom věku 54 lět. == Osobny život == Srodniky Kolumba govorili sut, že on se rodil v [[Wp/isv/Genoa|Genoe]] v [[Wp/isv/Italija|Italiji]]. Tutdenj, historiky ne mogu isto skazati, kde on se rodil. Večšinstvo ekspertov mněvajut, že to, že on se rodil v Genoje, imaje največe podtvrdženij. Druge historiky myslet, že toj se rodil inokde, kako v Španiji ili [[Wp/isv/Portugalija|Portugaliji]]. Něktore si myslet, že on byl originalno jevrej, [[Wp/isv/Obračenje v religiju|obračeny]] v [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanstvo]].<ref name="brit" /> V lětu 1477 Kolumb jest se [[Wp/isv/Svatba|oženil]] s [[Wp/isv/Felipa Moniz Perestrelo|Felipoju Moniz Perestrelo]]. Ona byla iz polublagorodnoj rodiny, iměvšej odnošenje k [[Wp/isv/Morjeplavanje|morjeplavanju]]. Ona jest umrla někogda v 1479 ili 1480 lětu pri ridženju jih syna Diega.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Hume| first = Robert| title = Christopher Columbus and the European Discovery of America| year = 1992| publisher = Gracewing Publishing| isbn = 978-0-85244-211-1| pages = 19–20 }}</ref> V lětu 1485, byvši v [[Wp/isv/Kordova|Kordove]] vo Španiji, Kolumb spoznal se s Beatriz Enrikes de Trasierra. Oni žili sut zajedno něktory čas. Oni sut iměli syna, ktorogo nazvali Fernando.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Beding| first = Silvio A.| title = The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia| year = 2016| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-1-349-12573-9| page = 24 }}</ref> == Cělje Kolumba == Kolumb iměl několiko različnyh cělov pri svojih putovanjah v Novy svět. Prvo, on jest věril, že može najdti kratšu i legšu dragu do Azije, kde byli sut věči, ktore v Evrope ne byli. On jest veril, že najde kratši put do [[Wp/isv/Kitaj|Kitaje]]. Druge ljudi nazyvali tutu věru [[wikt:absurd|absurdom]]. Kolumb jest htěl dokazati, že tute ljudi ne imali sut pravdu.<ref name="daniels">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000dani_h7f1|title=National Geographic Almanac of World History|author=Daniels, Patricia|last2=Hyslop, Stephen Garrison|last3=Brinkley, Douglas|date=2011|publisher=National Geographic Books|isbn=978-1-4262-0890-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000dani_h7f1/page/184 184]-185|chapter=Navigating the Globe: 1492 {{Wp/isv/Ndash}} 1522.}}</ref> Vtoro, Kolumb jest htěl naidti [[Wp/isv/Zlato|zlato]]. Zlato bylo glavnym vidom peněz, koristanyh v kolumbovyh časah. V jego pismu španskomu kralju Ferdinandu i kraljevě Isabellě, Kolumb jest pisal: "Zlato jest najprvoredno; zlato jest skarb, i kdo imaje jego, dělaje čto želaje v tutom světu".<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Franzosi| first = Roberto| title = From Words to Numbers: Narrative, Data, and Social Science| url = https://archive.org/details/fromwordstonumbe0000fran| year = 2004| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-54145-9| page = [https://archive.org/details/fromwordstonumbe0000fran/page/n163 140] }}</ref> Mnogo [[Wp/isv/Historija|historikov]] mněvajut, že Kolumb htěl se stati važnoju osoboju, i da by se stal močnym, jemu trěba naidti zlato. ==Poslě Kolumba== Kogda špancy sut uznali o [[Wp/isv/Novy svět|Novom světu]], mnogo [[Wp/isv/Konkistador|konkistadorov]], ili zavojevateljev sur prišli tudy. Tuto jest privedlo k [[Wp/isv/Španska kolonizacija Ameriky|španskoj kolonizaciji Ameriky]]. Španske konkistadory prvo oseljili na ostrovah [[Wp/isv/Hispaniola|Hispaniola]] (tutčas tam sut [[Wp/isv/Dominikanska republika|Dominikanska republika]] i [[Wp/isv/Haiti|Haiti]]), [[Wp/isv/Kuba|Kuba]], i [[Wp/isv/Puerto Riko|Puerto Riko]]. Oni sut nagrabili tolik zlata, koliko smogli. Špancy sut takože privezli [[Wp/isv/Svečenik|svečenikov]] i prinudili domorodnyh amerikancov [[Wp/isv/Obračenje v religiju|obračati]] se v [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanstvo]]. == Naslědstvo == V [[Wp/isv/Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|Sjedinjenyh Štatah]] [[Wp/isv/Denj Kolumba|Denj Kolumba]] jest svetkom, ktory proslavjaje prihod Kolumba v Novy svět 12 oktobra 1492.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Columbus Day|url=https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/columbus-day-video|publisher=|via=www.history.com}}</ref> Světova kolumbijska vystavka byla provědena v lětu 1893 v Čikagu, Illinoj za proslavjenje 400-toj ročnicy vizita Kolumba v Ameriku.<ref name="WDL">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11369/ |title = Bird's-Eye View of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893 |website = World Digital Library |date = 1893 |accessdate = 2013-07-17 }}</ref> Medžu 1492 i 1930 lětami vyše než 60 milionov evropejcev sut migrovali v Ameriku. Vrh tutoj migracije byl v 19-om i v načalu 20-go stolětja. Masovo prěseljenje evropejcev v Novy svět bylo jednim iz največših presunov naseljenja v historiji. ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Christopher_Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Columbus&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).' * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:en:Christopher_Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]»}} v Vikipediji na anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Columbus&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).' {{Wp/isv/Sortovati|Kolumb, Hristofor}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Izslědovatelji]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Italijani]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7322}} 8atr08zt69529b381i2buy0inue152m 6699818 6699671 2025-07-02T11:30:16Z Ilja isv 2601220 6699818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | honorific-prefix = Admiral okeana i morja | name = Hristofor Kolumb | image = [[File:Portrait of a Man, Said to be Christopher Columbus.jpg|thumb|Prědpokladany portret Hristofora Kolumba, [[Wp/isv/Sebastiano del Piombo|Sebastiano del Piombo]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite journal |last1=Lester |first1=Paul M. |title=Looks are deceiving: The portraits of Christopher Columbus |journal=Visual Anthropology |date=January 1993 |volume=5 |issue=3–4 |pages=211–227 |doi=10.1080/08949468.1993.9966590 |issn=0894-9468}}</ref>]] | order = 1-y | office = Gubernator Indije | term_start = 1492 | term_end = 1499 | appointed = [[Wp/isv/Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I of Castile]] | predecessor = ne byl | successor = [[Wp/isv/Francisko de Bobadija|Francisko de Bobadija]] | birth_date = medžu 25 avgustom i 31 oktobrom 1451 | birth_place = [[Wp/isv/Genoa|Genoa]], [[Wp/isv/Republika Genoa|Republika Genoa]] | death_date = 20 maja 1506 (vo věku 54 lět) | death_place = [[Wp/isv/Vajadolid|Vajadolid]], [[Wp/isv/Kastilija|Kastilija]] | resting_place = [[Wp/isv/Seviljska katedrala|Seviljska katedrala]], Sevilja, Španja | spouse = [[Wp/isv/Filipa Monis Perestrelo|Filipa Monis Perestrelo]], 1479-1484 (umrla) | partner = [[Wp/isv/Beatris Enrikes de Arana|Beatris Enrikes de Arana]] | children = [[Wp/isv/Diego Kolumb|Diego]] • [[Wp/isv/Ferdinand Kolumb|Ferdinand]] • [[Wp/isv/Diego Kolumb (Lusajan)|Diego (adopt. kako Lusajan)]] | mother = [[Wp/isv/Susanna Fontanarossa|Susanna Fontanarossa]] | father = [[Wp/isv/Domeniko Kolombo|Domeniko Kolombo]] | relatives = [[Wp/isv/Bartolomej Kolumb|Bartolomej Kolumb]] (brat) | profession = [[Wp/isv/Morsky izslědovatelj|Morsky izslědovatelj]] | signature = [[File:Columbus Signature.svg]] }} '''Hristofor Kolumb''' (1451-1506) byl italijskym [[Wp/isv/Trgovanje|kupcom]], [[Wp/isv/Izslědovanje|izslědovateljem]] i morjeplavateljem. Občo mněnje jest, že on se rodil v Genoe v roku 1451, kako syn tkača imenom [[Wp/isv/Domeniko Kolombo|Domeniko Kolombo]] i krojačky imenom [[Wp/isv/Susanna Fontanarossa|Susanna Fontanarossa]]. Jestvuje mnogo alternativnyh teorij jego proizhodženja, ale oni ne razvažajut věčšinstvom naučnikov. "Hristofor Kolumb" jest [[Wp/isv/Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskoju]] versijeju jego imena. Na [[Wp/isv/Italijsky jezyk|italijskom]] jego ime bylo originalno {{Wp/isv/Lang|it|Cristoforo Colombo}}'''.''' V roku 1492 Kolumb izlodil se na [[Wp/isv/Bahamy|Bahamah]] kako prvy evropejec v historiji. Jego prvonačelnoju mětoju bylo najdti bystrějši put v [[Wp/isv/Azija|Aziju]] iz [[Wp/isv/Evropa|Evropy]]. On jest poznany kako člověk, odkryvavši [[Wp/isv/Novy svět|Novy svět]], zatože jego putovanje počalo jest eru [[Wp/isv/Evropejska kolonizacija Ameriky|Evropejskoj kolonizacije Ameriky]]. Tuto byl važny moment v Evropejskoj historiji. Podčas togo, že [[Wp/isv/Lejf Erikson|Lejf Erikson]] byl, prividno, prvym evropejcom, ktory se izlodil na zemjah [[Wp/isv/Amerika|Ameriky]], to sobytje ne bylo dobro zadokumentovano i ne privedlo k naslědnomu kontaktu medžu Evropoju i Novym světom. Rezultatom byli prěnos skota, hvorob, zrna i nevoljnikov. Kogda [[Wp/isv/Španija|špancy]] sut dověděli se, že Kolumb jest našel [[Wp/isv/Novy svět|Novy svět]], mnogo drugyh ljudij, nazvanyh [[Wp/isv/Konkistador|konkistadorami]], sut pošli tudy takože. Tuto jest privedlo ko [[Wp/isv/Španska kolonizacija Ameriky|Španskoj kolonizaciji Ameriky]]. Kolumb jest umrl 20 maja 1506, v [[Wp/isv/Vajadolid|Vajadolidu]] v [[Wp/isv/Španija|Španiji]]. == Odkrytje Ameriky == Kolumb byl prvym evropejcom, ktory jest odkryl [[Wp/isv/Amerika|Ameriku]], s izključenjem [[Wp/isv/Lejfa Erikson|Lejfa Eriksona]]. == Putovanje v 1492 == Mongo ljudij v [[Wp/isv/Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evrope]] sut htěli najdti kratši put da by dosegnuti Azije. Kolumb jest mněval, že on bude mogti dostati se do Azije plavanjem črěz [[Wp/isv/Zapad|zapad]]. V toj čas uže byl dokaz, že [[Wp/isv/Zemja|Zemja]] jest krugla, ale on ne jest znal o jestvovanju [[Wp/isv/Zapadna polusfera|Zapadnoj polusfery]], ktora jest tak velika, že by jemu ne dozvolila dostati se do Azije.<ref name="brit">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus |title=Christopher Columbus |author=Flint, Valerie I.J. |date=February 11, 2016 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc |accessdate=April 20, 2016 |quote=}}</ref> Bez obzirov na tuto, Kolumb ne jest iměl dost grošov da by zaplatiti samostojno za svoje putovanje. Po razgromu [[Wp/isv/Granadsky emirat|Granadskogo emirata]], vladari Španije, [[Wp/isv/Ferdinand II Aragonsky|Ferdinand II]] i [[Wp/isv/Isabella I Kastiljska|Isabella {{Wp/isv/-|I}} Kastiljska]], sut suglasili zaplatiti jemu putovanje. On jest oběčal privezti nazad [[Wp/isv/Zlato|zlato]] i ''pripravy'' za njih.<ref name=brit/> [[File:Sebastien Destremau (11).jpg|thumb|left|Tuta 60-futova loď imaje jednaku dolžinu s največšim korabom Kolumba]] V avgustu 1492 g., Kolumb i jego [[Wp/isv/Morjak|morjaky]] sut ostavili Španju na trěh korabah: {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Santa Maria (korab)|Santa María]]''}} (Sveta Marija), {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Pinta (korab)|Pinta]]''}} (Kolorovana), i {{Wp/isv/-|''Santa Clara''}} (prězvana kako {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Ninja (korab)|Niña]]''}}: mala děvčinka).<ref>Columbus Day. The History Channel Website. Retrieved January 28, 2013.http://www.history.com/topics/columbus-day</ref> Tute tri koraba byli velmi malymi. Historiky mněvajut, že največsa lod {{Wp/isv/Lang|es|Santa María}} byla toliko 60&nbsp;futov (18.3&nbsp;m) dolga, i priblizno od 16 do 19&nbsp;futov (od 4.8 do 5.8&nbsp;m) široka.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Gould| first = Richard A.| title = Archaeology and the Social History of Ships| url = https://archive.org/details/archaeologysocia0000goul| year = 2000| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-56789-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/archaeologysocia0000goul/page/206 206] }}</ref><ref name="The Worlds of Christopher Columbus">{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last1 = Phillips| first1 = William D.| last2 = Phillips| first2 = Carla Rahn| title = The Worlds of Christopher Columbus| url = https://archive.org/details/worldsofchristop0000phil| year = 1992| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-44652-5| pages = [https://archive.org/details/worldsofchristop0000phil/page/143 143]–145 }}</ref> Ostalne koraby Kolumba byli ješče menšimi. Historiky mněvajut, že oni byli priblizno 50-60 futov dolgymi.<ref name="The Worlds of Christopher Columbus"/> ===Putovanje=== 12 oktobra 1492, poslě priblizno četyreh měsecov plavanja, Kolumb jest debarkoval se na malom ostrove na [[Wp/isv/Bahamy|Bahamah]]. Městne sut nazyvali ostrov Guanahani; Kolumb jego jest prěimenoval v [[Wp/isv/San Salvador Island|San Salvador]] ("Svety Spasitel"). On jest spoznal se s domorodnymi amerikancami [[Wp/isv/Arawak people|Arawakami]] i [[Wp/isv/Taino|Taino]], ktore sut žili na ostrově. Oni byli prijatelske i mirne ko Kolumbu i jego ekipě. Ne znajuči, kde on byl, i mněvajuči, že jest dosegl Indije, on jest nazval jih "Indejcy". On jest proglasil jih zemju za špansku.<ref>"Christopher Columbus." Explorers & Discoverers of the World. Gale, 1993. Gale Biography In Context. Web. February 5, 2013.</ref> Potom Kolumb jest plyl na ostrov [[Wp/isv/Kuba|Kuba]], i dalje na ostrov [[Wp/isv/Hispanjola|Hispanjola]]. Na Hispanjolě on jest izbudoval [[Wp/isv/Fort|fort]]. Tuto byla jedna iz prvyh evropejskyh [[Wp/isv/Vojsko|vojennyh]] baz v [[Wp/isv/Zapadna polusfera|Zapadnoj polusferě]]. On nazval jego Navidad (na španskom "[[Wp/isv/Rodženje|Rodženje]]"). Tam on ostavil trideset devet členov ekipy, i prikazal jim iskati i stražiti zlato.<ref name="chacon">{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last1 = Chacon| first1 = Richard J.| last2 = Mendoza| first2 = Ruben G.| title = Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence| date = 2007| publisher = University of Arizona Press| isbn = 978-0-8165-2527-0| pages = 95–96 }}</ref> ===Odnošenje k domorodnym ljudjam=== V denj, kogda on jest pristal na Bahamah, Kolumb jest napisal o arawakah i taino:<blockquote>Oni muset byti dobrymi i sručnymi [[Wp/isv/Sluga|slugami]], [ako] oni povtorjajut veliko bystro vsečto my jim govorimo. Ja dumaju, jih by bylo velmi legko izdělati [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanami]], bo oni, kako izglědaje, ne imajut nikaku [[Wp/isv/Religija|religiju]] ... Ja vozmu šest od njih ... kogda budu [izhoditi, da by] oni mogli naučiti se našemu [[Wp/isv/Jezyk|jezyku]] ... S 50 ljudjmi vy možete pokarjati vseh i prinudžati jih dělati to, čto vy hčete.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Tinker| first = George E.| title = Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide| url = https://archive.org/details/missionaryconque0000tink| date = 1993| publisher = Fortress Press| isbn = 978-1-4514-0840-9| page = [https://archive.org/details/missionaryconque0000tink/page/8 8] }}</ref></blockquote> Suglasno {{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}: <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Conceptions Colomb map-fr.svg|Kolumb mněval jest, žr svět je taky File:Santa-Maria.jpg|Replika koraba ''Santa Maria'' File:Landing of Columbus (2).jpg|[[Wp/isv/Živopis|Živopisny]] obraz Kolumba pri izloďenju v Novom světu File:Columbus landing on Hispaniola.JPG|Obraz Kolumba pri izloďenju na Hispaniolě File:Columbus1.PNG|Karta prvogo putovanja Kolumba File:2.- DCVIII.0001.tif|Pismo od Kolumba (1493) </gallery></div> ==Vtoro putovanje== 24 septembra 1493 Kolumb ostavil Španju s dostatočnoju kolikostju korabov, zapasov i ljudij na to, da by [[Wp/isv/Vtrgnutje|vtrgnuti]] i [[Wp/isv/Kolonializm|izdělati španske kolonoje]] v Novom světu. On iměl 17 korabov i 1,200 ljudij. Tute ljudi byli [[Wp/isv/Vojsko|vojovniki]] i [[Wp/isv/Zemjedělstvo|zemjedělci]]. Medžu njimi byli sut takože svečenniki, rabotoju ktoryh bylo [[Wp/isv/Misionerstvo|konvertovati]] domorodcov v [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanstvo]].<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Bacchus| first = M.K.| title = Utilization, Misuse, and Development of Human Resources in the Early West Indian Colonies| url = https://archive.org/details/utilizationmisus0000bacc| year = 1990| publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press| isbn = 0-88920-982-0| pages = [https://archive.org/details/utilizationmisus0000bacc/page/6 6]–7 }}</ref> Na tuto putu, Kolumb jest izslědoval něktore ostrova iz [[Wp/isv/Male Antilske ostrovy|Malyh Antilskyh]]. On jest obplyl vokrug večšiny Hispanjoly i izslědoval strany [[Wp/isv/Jamajka|Jamajky]] i [[Wp/isv/Kuba|Kuby]], ktore on ne jest viděl na svojom prvom putovanju. Potom on jest vratil se v fort Navidad i dověděl se, že toj jest izgorěl. Jedinadset od 37 vojovnikov, ktoryh Kolumb jest nehal vo fortu, sut byli tam pogrebeni. Ostalne sut izčezli. Historiky mněvajut, že to bylo vslěd hvorob i bojovanja s narodom Arawak.<ref name=chacon /> === Odnošenje k domorodnym ljudjam === Dokolě Kolumb byl proč od Navidada, izslědovavši Jamajku i Kubu, jego vovjovniky sut prěstali rabotati na izbudovanju novogo forta i zemjedělišč. Oni prinudžali arawakov davati jim jedanje. Oni sut kradli věči arawakov i nasilovali jih žen. Kogda Kolumb jest o tom se dovědal, on jest prikazal jih [[Wp/isv/Smrtna kaznj|povesiti]]. Něktore vodže arawakov sut viděli Kolumba kako sojuznika svojih neprijateljev i napadli njego. Ale, špancy iměli mnogo orudžja, ktorogo arawaky sut nikogdy ne viděli, kako [[Wp/isv/Stalj|staljne]] [[Wp/isv/Meč|meče]], [[Wp/isv/Pika|piky]], [[Wp/isv/Samostrěl|samostrěly]], [[Wp/isv/Pes|psov]] i [[Wp/isv/Konj|konjev]]. Tuto jest pomogalo špancam velmi legko izygryvati boje protiv arawakov.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last1 = Lindaman| first1 = Dana| last2 = Ward| first2 = Kyle| title = History Lessons: How Textbooks from Around the World Portray U.S. History| year = 2006| publisher = The New Press| isbn = 1-59558-082-4| pages = 10–12 }}</ref> Kolumb iměl mnogo buntov protiv sebe i vojoval protiv mnogyh domorodvyh vodžev, ktore sut viděli jego kako zagrabnika i sojuznika Grakangari, vodža, s ktorym toj jest družil. Oni sut byli bystro razbity s pomočju evropejskyh iznahodok. Na tyh časteh ostrova, ktore jest zavojoval Kolumb, ne bylo tak mnogo zlata, i Kolumb prikazal prěstati jego iskati. ==Tretje putovanje== Kolumb jest odpravil se v dalše putovanje v lětu 1498. Kralju Žuanu II v Portugaliji skazali sut, že k jugozapadu od ostrovov [[Wp/isv/Kap Verd|Kap Verd]] jest [[Wp/isv/Kontinent|kontinent]]. Na svojom tretjem putovanju Kolumb jest htěl najdti toj kontinent.<ref>Morison, Samuel Eliot (1963). ''Journals & Other Documents on the Life & Voyages of Christopher Columbus.'' New York: The Heritage Press. p. 262. ASIN B002KR8WPQ.</ref> Pri jego naputstvovanju kraljevna Isabella pripomnila Kolumbu, že on musi odnositi se ko vsem domorodnym ljudjam dobro i musi iz njih izdělati [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijan]]. V tutom putovanju Kolumb jest poslal tri koraba rovno do West Indije ([[Wp/isv/Karibske ostrovy|Karibov]]). Sam on vedl tri drugyh koraba, prvo ko dvom portugalskym ostrovam, potom ko [[Wp/isv/Kanarske ostrovy|Kanarskym ostrovam]], potom do [[Wp/isv/Kap Verd|Kap Verdu]]. Od Kap Verda, oni sut plyli k sěverozapadnomu pribrěžju [[Wp/isv/Južna Amerika|Južnoj Ameriky]] i pristali na [[Wp/isv/Trinidad|Trinidadu]]. On takože jest izslědoval čest Juňoj Ameriky i ostrova, ktore tutčas nazyvajut se [[Wp/isv/Tobago|Tobago]] i [[Wp/isv/Grenada|Grenada]]. 19 avgusta 1498 Kolumb jest vratil se na Hispaniolu. On jest uznal, že mnoge španske oseljenci tam ne byli ščestni. Oni sut myslili, že v Novom světu bude vyše zlata. Mnoge iy njih sut buntovali, kogda on byl pryč. Kolumb jest povesil peteryh liderov buntov. On takože staral se obradovati staljnyh oseljencev i jest daval jim zemju na Hispaniolě. Jednakože, seljenci prodolžali posilati žaloby do Španije. V lětu 1499, kraljevna Isabella jest poslala člověka imenom Francisko de Bobadilja na Hispaniolu. Ona jest jemu dala pravomoč dělati vsečto on bude mněvati dělati. Ako došel v lětu 1500, prvo, čto jest on izdělal, bylo arestovati Kolumba i poslati jego nazad do Španije okovanogo. === Odnošenje k domorodnym ljudjam === Starajuči se izdělati španskyh oseljencev ščestnymi, Kolumb jest ustanovil sistem {{Wp/isv/-|''[[Wp/isv/Encomienda|Encomienda]]''}} na Hispaniolě. V tutom sistemu Kolumd daval jest děl zemje na Hispaniolě každomu španskomu oseljencu. Poněkogda on jest mogl dati i cělo domorodno selo.Vsi obyvatelji, ktore sut žili v tutom arealu, museli rabotati na španskogo oseljenca. Aborigeny sut žili na tutoj zemje stolětja, Kolumb jest razdaval jih zemju i prinudžal jih naslědno rabotati na toj zemje. == Pozdejši život == 23 avgusta 1500 Kolumb byl arestovany na Hispaniolě, ktora tutčas nazyvaje se [[Wp/isv/Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo]] , za svirěpost k domorodnym obyvateljam, i osoblivo k špancam. On byl poslánym v Španju v okovah v oktobru 1500 goda i byl osvobodženym 25 dekembra 1500, i odvedenym v sud. Kolumb iměl vlivne prijatelji, i kralj jest vozvratil jemu svobodu. Jego ne dělali sut snova gubernatorom, ale dozvolili voditi nastupno putovanje. Kolumb jest umrl na [[Wp/isv/Nedostatočnost srdca|nedostatočnost srdca]] i [[Wp/isv/Artrit|artrit]] v [[Wp/isv/Vajadoid|Vajadoidu]] v Španiji, v možnom věku 54 lět. == Osobny život == Srodniky Kolumba govorili sut, že on se rodil v [[Wp/isv/Genoa|Genoe]] v [[Wp/isv/Italija|Italiji]]. Tutdenj, historiky ne mogu isto skazati, kde on se rodil. Večšinstvo ekspertov mněvajut, že to, že on se rodil v Genoje, imaje največe podtvrdženij. Druge historiky myslet, že toj se rodil inokde, kako v Španiji ili [[Wp/isv/Portugalija|Portugaliji]]. Něktore si myslet, že on byl originalno jevrej, [[Wp/isv/Obračenje v religiju|obračeny]] v [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanstvo]].<ref name="brit" /> V lětu 1477 Kolumb jest se [[Wp/isv/Svatba|oženil]] s [[Wp/isv/Felipa Moniz Perestrelo|Felipoju Moniz Perestrelo]]. Ona byla iz polublagorodnoj rodiny, iměvšej odnošenje k [[Wp/isv/Morjeplavanje|morjeplavanju]]. Ona jest umrla někogda v 1479 ili 1480 lětu pri ridženju jih syna Diega.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Hume| first = Robert| title = Christopher Columbus and the European Discovery of America| year = 1992| publisher = Gracewing Publishing| isbn = 978-0-85244-211-1| pages = 19–20 }}</ref> V lětu 1485, byvši v [[Wp/isv/Kordova|Kordove]] vo Španiji, Kolumb spoznal se s Beatriz Enrikes de Trasierra. Oni žili sut zajedno něktory čas. Oni sut iměli syna, ktorogo nazvali Fernando.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Beding| first = Silvio A.| title = The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia| year = 2016| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-1-349-12573-9| page = 24 }}</ref> == Cělje Kolumba == Kolumb iměl několiko različnyh cělov pri svojih putovanjah v Novy svět. Prvo, on jest věril, že može najdti kratšu i legšu dragu do Azije, kde byli sut věči, ktore v Evrope ne byli. On jest veril, že najde kratši put do [[Wp/isv/Kitaj|Kitaje]]. Druge ljudi nazyvali tutu věru [[wikt:absurd|absurdom]]. Kolumb jest htěl dokazati, že tute ljudi ne imali sut pravdu.<ref name="daniels">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000dani_h7f1|title=National Geographic Almanac of World History|author=Daniels, Patricia|last2=Hyslop, Stephen Garrison|last3=Brinkley, Douglas|date=2011|publisher=National Geographic Books|isbn=978-1-4262-0890-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000dani_h7f1/page/184 184]-185|chapter=Navigating the Globe: 1492 {{Wp/isv/Ndash}} 1522.}}</ref> Vtoro, Kolumb jest htěl naidti [[Wp/isv/Zlato|zlato]]. Zlato bylo glavnym vidom peněz, koristanyh v kolumbovyh časah. V jego pismu španskomu kralju Ferdinandu i kraljevě Isabellě, Kolumb jest pisal: "Zlato jest najprvoredno; zlato jest skarb, i kdo imaje jego, dělaje čto želaje v tutom světu".<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book| last = Franzosi| first = Roberto| title = From Words to Numbers: Narrative, Data, and Social Science| url = https://archive.org/details/fromwordstonumbe0000fran| year = 2004| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-54145-9| page = [https://archive.org/details/fromwordstonumbe0000fran/page/n163 140] }}</ref> Mnogo [[Wp/isv/Historija|historikov]] mněvajut, že Kolumb htěl se stati važnoju osoboju, i da by se stal močnym, jemu trěba naidti zlato. ==Poslě Kolumba== Kogda špancy sut uznali o [[Wp/isv/Novy svět|Novom světu]], mnogo [[Wp/isv/Konkistador|konkistadorov]], ili zavojevateljev sur prišli tudy. Tuto jest privedlo k [[Wp/isv/Španska kolonizacija Ameriky|španskoj kolonizaciji Ameriky]]. Španske konkistadory prvo oseljili na ostrovah [[Wp/isv/Hispaniola|Hispaniola]] (tutčas tam sut [[Wp/isv/Dominikanska republika|Dominikanska republika]] i [[Wp/isv/Haiti|Haiti]]), [[Wp/isv/Kuba|Kuba]], i [[Wp/isv/Puerto Riko|Puerto Riko]]. Oni sut nagrabili tolik zlata, koliko smogli. Špancy sut takože privezli [[Wp/isv/Svečenik|svečenikov]] i prinudili domorodnyh amerikancov [[Wp/isv/Obračenje v religiju|obračati]] se v [[Wp/isv/Hristijanstvo|hristijanstvo]]. == Naslědstvo == V [[Wp/isv/Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky|Sjedinjenyh Štatah]] [[Wp/isv/Denj Kolumba|Denj Kolumba]] jest svetkom, ktory proslavjaje prihod Kolumba v Novy svět 12 oktobra 1492.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Columbus Day|url=https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/columbus-day-video|publisher=|via=www.history.com}}</ref> Světova kolumbijska vystavka byla provědena v lětu 1893 v Čikagu, Illinoj za proslavjenje 400-toj ročnicy vizita Kolumba v Ameriku.<ref name="WDL">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11369/ |title = Bird's-Eye View of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893 |website = World Digital Library |date = 1893 |accessdate = 2013-07-17 }}</ref> Medžu 1492 i 1930 lětami vyše než 60 milionov evropejcev sut migrovali v Ameriku. Vrh tutoj migracije byl v 19-om i v načalu 20-go stolětja. Masovo prěseljenje evropejcev v Novy svět bylo jednim iz največših presunov naseljenja v historiji. ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Christopher_Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Columbus&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).' * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:en:Christopher_Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]»}} v Vikipediji na anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Columbus&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).' {{Wp/isv/Sortovati|Kolumb, Hristofor}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Izslědovatelji]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Italijani]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7322}} 71denb76mq33bn3i3esl8y6ufzrz88b 0 3611347 6699713 6697826 2025-07-02T07:18:31Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6699713 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra''' (/sɜːrˈvæntiːz, -tɪz/ sur-VAN-teez, -⁠tiz;[5] Spanish: [miˈɣel de θeɾˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa]; 29 hywan a̱kumbvuyring 1547 (assumed) – 22 hywan naai 1616 NS)[6] a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱jem Spanish ba ku bvwo ba̱zuzrak na yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son u̱ du̱jem nwap Spanish bu̱ a̱ngwak du̱jem a̱kpa u̱ ka̱sa ka. A̱ tyyi du̱yrek u̱ jem kpa na ban nyei Don Quixote, pfwong a yin yet ka̱ssu ka̱yat npfwong du̱jem ncei ka̱pffun ni [7][8][9] Ba̱ngwak du̱jem ba̱gungang a̱ kpa̱ yrek a̱ sak an tyan yet a̱tsatsak kpa a̱nyyi konzan ka̱ram bu̱ a̱tsatsak bu̱ a̱zuzrak npfwong u̱ a̱ nat du̱druu bu̱ ka̱sa ka ni an pfwong wap.[10][9] Akpak swatka̱sa nunu a yin sshi u duzot nkpa yin byyi npfwong katsutsrang nu 'a u bvwuut.Sarei bu ami duwan npfwing nu ti bu nkyang a na yin yya ni uin brang wap a su kpang kabvwa ka ba ru n hyxa di wap spanish a yet wap nu "the language of Cervantes".[11] An incident in the story of Don Quixote (1870), by Robert Hillingford. In 1569, Cervantes was forced to leave Spain and move to Rome, where he worked in the household of a cardinal. In 1570, he enlisted in a Spanish Navy infantry regiment, and was badly wounded at the Battle of Lepanto in October 1571 and lost the use of his left arm and hand. He served as a soldier until 1575, when he was captured by Barbary pirates; after five years in captivity, he was ransomed, and returned to Madrid. His first significant novel, titled La Galatea, was published in 1585, but he continued to work as a purchasing agent, and later as a government tax collector. Part One of Don Quixote was published in 1605, and Part Two in 1615. Other works include the 12 Novelas ejemplares (Exemplary Novels); a long poem, the Viaje del Parnaso (Journey to Parnassus); and Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (Eight Plays and Eight Interludes). The novel Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda), was published posthumously in 1617. The cave of Medrano (also known as the casa de Medrano) in Argamasilla de Alba, which has been known since the beginning of the 17th century, and according to the tradition of Argamasilla de Alba, was the prison of Cervantes and the place where he conceived and began to write Don Quixote.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] 01ok5wutdf4uh8akdvizi9il1is9gto 6699724 6699713 2025-07-02T07:27:53Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6699724 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra''' (/sɜːrˈvæntiːz, -tɪz/ sur-VAN-teez, -⁠tiz;[5] Spanish: [miˈɣel de θeɾˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa]; 29 hywan a̱kumbvuyring 1547 (assumed) – 22 hywan naai 1616 NS)[6] a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱jem Spanish ba ku bvwo ba̱zuzrak na yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son u̱ du̱jem nwap Spanish bu̱ a̱ngwak du̱jem a̱kpa u̱ ka̱sa ka. A̱ tyyi du̱yrek u̱ jem kpa na ban nyei Don Quixote, pfwong a yin yet ka̱ssu ka̱yat npfwong du̱jem ncei ka̱pffun ni [7][8][9] Ba̱ngwak du̱jem ba̱gungang a̱ kpa̱ yrek a̱ sak an tyan yet a̱tsatsak kpa a̱nyyi konzan ka̱ram bu̱ a̱tsatsak bu̱ a̱zuzrak npfwong u̱ a̱ nat du̱druu bu̱ ka̱sa ka ni an pfwong wap.[10][9] Akpak swatka̱sa nunu a yin sshi u duzot nkpa yin byyi npfwong katsutsrang nu 'a u bvwuut.Sarei bu ami duwan npfwing nu ti bu nkyang a na yin yya ni uin brang wap a su kpang kabvwa ka ba ru n hyxa di wap spanish a yet wap nu "the language of Cervantes" U dsurya 1569, Cervantes a wwin supzn ba di shim nu ba a syak a nat Rome, kayemi na sun yya pfwong u karyyi cardinal. U durya 1570, na nwwaa soja bashekkwot anyyi Supen, a bu hok ashushuk nhyyu an zwang̱ Lepanto an hywan swak durya 1571 ku tyyi na nyyat yya pfOng di bvuk myin nu na ba. A ya kasson bu pfwong soja na a su kpang 1575, karam ka batang jirgi bashekkwot nyai ̈Barbary ba yin kuu pyy ni; na yya za tsson na sshi nbvwak nba, ba tan krum ba ku kai awwon na brak a natp Madrid. His first significant novel, titled La Galatea, was published in 1585, but he continued to work as a purchasing agent, and later as a government tax collector. Part One of Don Quixote was published in 1605, and Part Two in 1615. Other works include the 12 Novelas ejemplares (Exemplary Novels); a long poem, the Viaje del Parnaso (Journey to Parnassus); and Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (Eight Plays and Eight Interludes). The novel Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda), was published posthumously in 1617. The cave of Medrano (also known as the casa de Medrano) in Argamasilla de Alba, which has been known since the beginning of the 17th century, and according to the tradition of Argamasilla de Alba, was the prison of Cervantes and the place where he conceived and began to write Don Quixote.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] hxgcafyi5n4x0t0a43c1cm71wd4g374 6699731 6699724 2025-07-02T07:31:17Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6699731 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra''' (/sɜːrˈvæntiːz, -tɪz/ sur-VAN-teez, -⁠tiz;[5] Spanish: [miˈɣel de θeɾˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa]; 29 hywan a̱kumbvuyring 1547 (assumed) – 22 hywan naai 1616 NS)[6] a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱jem Spanish ba ku bvwo ba̱zuzrak na yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son u̱ du̱jem nwap Spanish bu̱ a̱ngwak du̱jem a̱kpa u̱ ka̱sa ka. A̱ tyyi du̱yrek u̱ jem kpa na ban nyei Don Quixote, pfwong a yin yet ka̱ssu ka̱yat npfwong du̱jem ncei ka̱pffun ni [7][8][9] Ba̱ngwak du̱jem ba̱gungang a̱ kpa̱ yrek a̱ sak an tyan yet a̱tsatsak kpa a̱nyyi konzan ka̱ram bu̱ a̱tsatsak bu̱ a̱zuzrak npfwong u̱ a̱ nat du̱druu bu̱ ka̱sa ka ni an pfwong wap.[10][9] Akpak swatka̱sa nunu a yin sshi u duzot nkpa yin byyi npfwong katsutsrang nu 'a u bvwuut.Sarei bu ami duwan npfwing nu ti bu nkyang a na yin yya ni uin brang wap a su kpang kabvwa ka ba ru n hyxa di wap spanish a yet wap nu "the language of Cervantes" U dsurya 1569, Cervantes a wwin supzn ba di shim nu ba a syak a nat Rome, kayemi na sun yya pfwong u karyyi cardinal. U durya 1570, na nwwaa soja bashekkwot anyyi Supen, a bu hok ashushuk nhyyu an zwang̱ Lepanto an hywan swak durya 1571 ku tyyi na nyyat yya pfOng di bvuk myin nu na ba. A ya kasson bu pfwong soja na a su kpang 1575, karam ka batang jirgi bashekkwot nyai ̈Barbary ba yin kuu pyy ni; na yya za tsson na sshi nbvwak nba, ba tan krum ba ku kai awwon na brak a natp Madrid. Karsutsrang atsak nkpa ka na yin nem ni La Galatea, a yin wruk nyai u zzu na u durya 1585, ma na ya kason bu yet antyok kwoi nkyang a cong a su yet antyok ssang dugandu gomnati. Part One of Don Quixote was published in 1605, and Part Two in 1615. Other works include the 12 Novelas ejemplares (Exemplary Novels); a long poem, the Viaje del Parnaso (Journey to Parnassus); and Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (Eight Plays and Eight Interludes). The novel Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda), was published posthumously in 1617. The cave of Medrano (also known as the casa de Medrano) in Argamasilla de Alba, which has been known since the beginning of the 17th century, and according to the tradition of Argamasilla de Alba, was the prison of Cervantes and the place where he conceived and began to write Don Quixote.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] eofn8727jzc5viydcj60wc7ryxhp0s2 6699738 6699731 2025-07-02T07:37:39Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6699738 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra''' (/sɜːrˈvæntiːz, -tɪz/ sur-VAN-teez, -⁠tiz;[5] Spanish: [miˈɣel de θeɾˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa]; 29 hywan a̱kumbvuyring 1547 (assumed) – 22 hywan naai 1616 NS)[6] a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱jem Spanish ba ku bvwo ba̱zuzrak na yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son u̱ du̱jem nwap Spanish bu̱ a̱ngwak du̱jem a̱kpa u̱ ka̱sa ka. A̱ tyyi du̱yrek u̱ jem kpa na ban nyei Don Quixote, pfwong a yin yet ka̱ssu ka̱yat npfwong du̱jem ncei ka̱pffun ni [7][8][9] Ba̱ngwak du̱jem ba̱gungang a̱ kpa̱ yrek a̱ sak an tyan yet a̱tsatsak kpa a̱nyyi konzan ka̱ram bu̱ a̱tsatsak bu̱ a̱zuzrak npfwong u̱ a̱ nat du̱druu bu̱ ka̱sa ka ni an pfwong wap.[10][9] Akpak swatka̱sa nunu a yin sshi u duzot nkpa yin byyi npfwong katsutsrang nu 'a u bvwuut.Sarei bu ami duwan npfwing nu ti bu nkyang a na yin yya ni uin brang wap a su kpang kabvwa ka ba ru n hyxa di wap spanish a yet wap nu "the language of Cervantes" U dsurya 1569, Cervantes a wwin supzn ba di shim nu ba a syak a nat Rome, kayemi na sun yya pfwong u karyyi cardinal. U durya 1570, na nwwaa soja bashekkwot anyyi Supen, a bu hok ashushuk nhyyu an zwang̱ Lepanto an hywan swak durya 1571 ku tyyi na nyyat yya pfOng di bvuk myin nu na ba. A ya kasson bu pfwong soja na a su kpang 1575, karam ka batang jirgi bashekkwot nyai ̈Barbary ba yin kuu pyy ni; na yya za tsson na sshi nbvwak nba, ba tan krum ba ku kai awwon na brak a natp Madrid. Karsutsrang atsak nkpa ka na yin nem ni La Galatea, a yin wruk nyai u zzu na u durya 1585, ma na ya kason bu yet antyok kwoi nkyang a cong a su yet antyok ssang dugandu gomnati. Kazzuan katsutsrang anyyi kpa Don Quixote a yin wru'k u durya 1605, wwon anbahwa nu u durya 1615. Npfwong nzaan a mon bu akpa 12 Novelas ejemplares (Exemplary Novels); ajinjin abvom atushuk, bu Viaje del Parnaso (Kaccet nat Parnassus); bu 9Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (Eight Plays and Eight Interludes). The novel Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda), ba yin na zzu na ka' kkwu u durya 1617. Wa Medrano (also known as the casa de Medrano) in Argamasilla de Alba, which has been known since 17th century, and according to the tradition of Argamasilla de Alba, was the prison of Cervantes and the place where he conceived and began to write Don Quixote.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] 9quhxtsfqa5r7i8u9j57lrpzpcfn81m 0 3611385 6699637 6698608 2025-07-01T22:18:37Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ketsal.jpg|thumb|Son de la Cruceta, representado por los ketsales de Atzalan Oriente en la Fiesta Patronal en honor a Santo Entierro 2021. Foto tomada el día 15 de octubre por Cirilo Hernández de la Luz]] [[File:Tacopan.jpg|thumb|Iglesia de Tacopan perteneciente al municipio de Atempan, Puebla Créditos de la fotografia Tlayoyo TV medio de comunicación regional. ]] [[File:Danza de los quetzales Nueva Generación de Tacopan, Atempan, Puebla..jpg|thumb|Danza de los Quetzales Nueva Generación de Tacopan, Atempan, Puebla. Participación en la Fiesta Patronal en honor a Santo Entierro. Autor de fotografia Cirilo Hernández de la Luz con autorización de la Encargada María Félix Gaspar Ramos y compañeros Encargados.]] Tacopan se techan itukey Tacopankaj kineki ina ne ikuyu puputuka nemi tik ne techan Atempan, kuetashkuapan, Tacopan kipia makwil shikipil ume tsonti ume pual majtakti se tuijikniwan (5,251). Nemi ajku ume shikipil ume pual chikwasen (2,046) ne wey puyek at. Ini altepet kipia miak tuijikniwan nawatajtaketzani, mimijtutiani, miak tapajtiani. tikchiwat ne lilish pal ne techan Virgen de Guadalupe ne tunal majtakti ume, ne metzti majtakti ume. Nemi mijmijtutiani ketzal ken se tutut patani yejemet sujsul galanchin inkwajkwach. Santiagos musenmijtutiat muchi, Toreadores yejemet kipia ne turuj iwan mijtutia. Tacopan tesu kipia tuminkal, kipia se tiupan, miak tamachtiluyan, se kaltapajtiani. Ka né kichiwat tamal, shulkuch, ijtikukuk, nakatamal, atul, atul shukuk, tishatul, atul ne chukulapinul, atul ne chalukut, ne nektik ayuj, ne nektik tataknak, ne nektik kapulin, ne nektik kamuj chiltik, ne chukulapinul, ne nektik kamuj. Keman an kichiwa tapayawit kupini ne nanakat, kupini ne ikwitarbolario. Mutuka et, tawial, ayuj, tumat, chil Itachishka atultik, sinhet, taweltzin, taweltzin itachishka chiltik, witzayuj, ne ikuyu awakat, ne ikuyu atzaput, ne ikuyu lala, ne ikuyu kapulin, ne ikuyu shukuk, ne ikuyu tzaput Itachishka istak, ne ikuyu tataknak, ne ikuyu chalukut. Tacopan, ne ital tatzayanalis ka Huexoteno iwan tajtzin Ejekat, uitztampa iwan Atzalan, ne taukopa iwan Cala Sur, ne siuatampa ejekat iwan Las Delicias. ne tal kipia ume tzunti nawi pual majtakti (290 se takutun), yajini altepet wey. Ne ikalpuli nitukey Atempan, kuetashkuapan. kipia se shikipil se pual majtakti (1,030 kajkaltzitzin). Nemi chikweyi pual eyi (163) tuijikniwan itech ne tal, miak kipia se pual se xiwit wan makwil xiwit mumachtia katka tamachtiluyan. Ne tumin samawak katka, an kipia chikwey pual tanamakani. Ne kwajkwach nantzin ne huipil, ne kwey, ne kwajtzin, ne tajkwil, ne pashaj, kajkak, sejsekisan kwajkwach ne atzunti. Ne kwajkwach tajtzin ne shumpe, ne koton, ne tajkuilpika, ne sala, kajkak. Nikasan timumachtia nahuat tuijikniwan. Ijilpika [https://mexico.pueblosamerica.com/i/tacopan/ Tacopan (Puebla) Atempan, dónde queda ciudad México] [https://mapcarta.com/es/30062282 Tacopan - Mapa - Pueblo - Municipio de Atempan, Estado de Puebla, México] [https://www.marketdatamexico.com/es/article/Colonia-Tacopan-Atempan-Puebla Colonia Tacopan, Atempan, en Puebla] [[Category:Wp/ppl]] q91b79qb0imojgajvqcd0xvo1cvt6a7 0 3611394 6699636 6698607 2025-07-01T22:16:28Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MX-SC-INEHRM-NFG-039-C-002-1.jpg|alt= anverso Autoría SIERRA Tipo de autor persona Seudónimo SiERRA País de origen México Género no identificado.|thumb|Anverso Autoría SIERRA Tipo de autor persona    Seudónimo SiERRA    País de origen México    Género no identificado. Biografía: Celerino Cano Palacios Originario del Municipio de Atempan, Puebla.]] '''Celerino Cano Palacios kaj tiktukeytiat Celerino Cano''' Celerino Cano Palacios nesik se tunal yey pal ne metzti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil chikwey tzunti nawi pual chiknawi tik ne techan Atempan, kuetashkuapan takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Meshiku. Yaja se wey tamachtiani wan tatuktiani nusan katka. '''Ne itekiw: ¿tay kichiwki?''' Yaja kichiwki miak ajamachti wan nitekit nusan: Ka Meshiku iwan ne tamachtiluyan: pewa katka se tunal se pal ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti se pual majtakti nawi (1934) yekawikase tunal se pual majtakti tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual se (1941). Nuyultajtaketzalis wan ne tamachtiluyan, ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual yey (1963). Ne tekiw tamachtiani najnawatij, ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual makwil (1965). Ne wey tamachtiluyan itukey Consejo Interamericano de la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (1966) Nesi tutamachtiluyan tekiw ne yultajtaketzalis ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti eyi pual chikume (1967). '''Ne ichtaka itunal:''' Ne inan itukey katka Trinidad Palacios de Cano yaja se Atempanchanej katka. Wan ne iteku itukey katka Manuel Cano. Yaja se Atempanchanej katka. Ne isiwaw itukey katka Aurora Vicario. Yaja se Atempanchanej katka. Yaja kipia ipilawan katka. Ne i intukey Ariel, Maribel wan Celerino katka. Yaja mumachtij tik ne tamachtiluyan Kuetashkuapan. Wan mumachtij pal muchiwki se tamachtiani tik ne wey tamachtiluyan Instituto Normal del Estado de Puebla wan kiski tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti majtakti se (1911). Yaja tekitki ken se tamachtiani tik Puebla, Tlaxcala, Jalisco, Querétaro, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Guanajuato y territorio norte de la Baja California” intzajtzalan se shikipil chiknawi tzunti majtakti se (1911) wan se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual chikwey (1968) tik ne italyu Meshiku. Yaja munamiktij iwan Aurora Vicario. [[File:Palacio Municipal de Atempan, Puebla..jpg|thumb|219x219px|Palacio Municipal de Atempan, Puebla. Lugar de nacimiento del Maestro Celerino Cano Palacios. Autor de fotografia Cirilo Hernández de la Luz.]] Yaja mikik se tunal kashtul nawi ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual chikwey (1968), ipanpa pashaluani tik ne techan Iguala, Guerrero takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Meshiku. '''Ijilpika:''' [https://es-academic.com/dic.nsf/eswiki/243378 Celerino Cano Palacios] [[:es:Celerino_Cano_Palacios|Celerino Cano Palacios - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre]] [[Category:Wp/ppl]] b6fpfcm10eblqhmbxte6wlky349j2u8 0 3611421 6699809 6697303 2025-07-02T11:04:43Z Umar Asiya 2590172 /* Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu */ 6699809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Afrikakonferenz.jpg|197px|right]] A '''Berlin Conference''' aŋ da piili 1884 a tɩ tɔ 1885 da ɩ yɛ lambʋ a ku colonial powers aŋ da baahɩ bing telimaana a '''[[Wp/wlx/General Act of Berlin|General Act of Berlin]]''',<ref>https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley</ref> nuori‘yeni lambu a ku [[Wp/wlx/Eropean|Eropean]] colonisation aning trade ang be Afirika a kpagi ne paalijaani ‘suobu fanga taribu wogiri. paaluu pie aning anaahi a da lantaa e ana lambu na. Otto von Bismarck, ang da e chancellor fara a ku [[Wp/wlx/Germany|Germany]], a da la buura ka o e Leopold II a ku [[Wp/wlx/Belgium|Belgium]] a da sung ka ana lambu na e.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY De Belgische Koloniën - Documentaire over het Belgisch Koloniaal Rijk (English: The Belgian Colonies - Documentary on the Belgian Colonial Empire) timestamp 10:40 to 10:52)]</ref> A Nansaari chiuri pie aning yeni daana a beri pie aning anu daar a yuoni 1884 puo a yi yenge a nansaari chiuri ayi daana a beri lijeri aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885 puo. A daari LA bang da bing telimaana ba ang Buona General Act.A General Act of Berlin yinii lesirihung vu a ku Afirik. Nuba mine da taa la a General Act of Berlin na a dugiha ne taa. Bela da vein la ka nuba mine da dori gbang banginiba mine ka ba ta dogihila taa a te kyaari ne ba lambu nouri yen digibu yala ne. A 2024 yuoni ne puo la bang ban ka paaluuhi ang be [[Wp/wlx/Congo|Congo]] yun la bang da di ing Afirika paaluu ning u to bogu ing’jie.Wm. Roger Louis da ngmi fasani nye ka a Berlin Act waa la faa a ku Afirika. A lambu da wuli ye ka Afirika paaluu ba babulajaujaubuunhu.Daari na la bang waane babulajaujaubuunhu a Afirika puo. Ana wogiri ne a babu la jaujaubuunhu da waa buhu Ang na bang saan Afirika zaa. [[Wp/wlx/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] tuong nye jaujaubuunhu paani a yi Imperial Russia, ana jaujaubuunhu na da sung ka Ethiopia nye independence. A jaujaubuunhu da begu [[Wp/wlx/Russian|Russian]] Revolution of 1917 . Wogiri ne European tuma yeli ang da baara ne la ka nuba da bura Afirika mine bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu yagazaa. A kahaa tuntunbuunhu mine la rubber, minerals, ivory, aning cotton. Afirikan daahi zemaa zaa da vein la ka European paaluuhi a koɔre ba bung maalihi ba daa pɔo. A Berlin lambu da wuli ye ka ba nu so paaluuhi ne zaa ang tari bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu ka lɛ da vein ka zauri waana. paaluumaalu yela ang be Britain aning France ‘duohi la ba ‘nimbi-jie ka ba tari tamaa a ko Congo Basin. Europe taa la kahaa tuntunbuunhu libi-chelee ang da sung ba nye daa yi paalijaala; saang’tenge. aŋa da vein ka Afirikan da die European daa. Paaluuhi ayo’poin a yi paaluuhi pie aning anaari pɔo aŋ da ahi ko – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Empire,aning [[Wp/wlx/United States|United States]] – da wa ba yiri Afirika ka ba ba tari yile nɔgilaa zaa. == Munpiilee == Seni ne ba lambu ne aŋ da piine ne, European paaluu gbebogi-aha da nye Afirickan paalikaara aning French ‘yi-dieriba da die la [[Wp/wlx/Lagos|Lagos]] aning Western Hemisphere, ka ba lantaa dieri daa. A yuoni 1800s, European da buo woo nyinii, ba aŋ da maŋ di maana bundaang’digaalii buunhu. A yela da sung la European bungkuora a gaane Afirika daa. European bung ‘gbulong ‘gbulong da taa la fanga aŋ da leuhi coastal Africa deme haakila ka ba ne Europeans da lantaa diiri daa. A yuoni 1876, King Leopold II aŋ be Belgium, aŋ da e yi-daangdau aning kpiengu daana a ko International African Association da buong la invited Henry Morton Stanley ka o wa sung o e la piehibu aning tuma u paaluu pɔo. 1878 yuoni ne puo la ka [[Wp/wlx/International Congo Society|International Congo Society]] miŋe da wa. Leopold da waane saaba aŋ da e yaagu iriba a Congo paaluu pɔo gondo. Aŋa yile ŋa da waane imperialistic diibu, a "Afirickan paaluu pɔo. A piili 1878 a te to 1885, Stanley da leo wa Congo a wa e Leopold's agent. O da taa la gondo ka o waane Congo Free wogiri ne Berlin lambu ne aŋ da baahi a Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni August 1885 pɔo. French agents piehi bang Leopold' spilan, ka be la da vein ka France da gaane ba miŋa bambu Afirika pɔo. A 1881 yuoni ne la ka French naval tuntuna yuori aŋ la Pierre de Brazza da gaa [[Wp/wlx/Central Afiricka|central Afiricka]], aning western Congo basin, a te dohi French flag kye bahi Brazzaville panpana ŋa Republic of Congo. panpana Portugal. A 1880s yuoni ne, yelitaruu yaga zaa aŋ jagi paalihi lamugiye yelae da baahiye laangfie. Aŋa da sung ka European nye bambu a ko salima,taabuuhi, aning rubber, daa da dolo. Aŋa da vein ka European deme da wa be a Afirika paaluu pɔo. Stanley's da ihi Congo River Basin (1874–1877) a yi European teng-gbangu ‘bigihee gbangu pɔo ka o baŋ tuoŋ nye kpiengu British, Portuguese, French aning Belgian seŋ. France da die la Tunisia, ang da be Barbary paaluu. French da jau ne Pierre de Brazza panpana ŋa yuori aŋ la Republic of the Congo a 1881 aning Guinea 1884. Italy da wa paahi Triple Alliance, yelinanii kaŋa aŋ da vein ka Bismarck's da juo ne Germany aning European aŋ be Afiricka. A 1882, ba da leu bang ye ka geopolitical aŋ be Portuguese la da kaara France a te to Central Afirika, Ethiopia, the Nile, aning Suez Canal. Britain da nye sori sung kaŋa aŋ da be Egypt a ga la India. Egyptian ‘libie da baahi yen ka be la da vein ka British koohi da kpi. == Lambʋ == [edit | edit source] European saamba paali‘soruu da vein la ka Germany piili e nyagihuu yelikanga iibu ka be la da to dabie ing British aning French. Belgian naa Leopold II veng ka France aning Germany sagi ka Afirika daa diibu suma gaa a paaluu jaane ata ne zaa. Portugal, Otto von Bismarck, aŋ da e Chancellor a ko Germany da bung la a teenhi pie naa ata ne jaa aŋ be Europe paaluu aning United States ka ba wa paahi a Berlin lambu ne pɔo a 1884 ka ba nogi yeliyeni a ko Afirikan paaluuhi. A lambu da piili Nansaari ‘chiuri ‘pie aning daana o beri pie aning anu daari a yuoni 1884 a da baahi Nansaari ‘chiuri ayi daana o beri lizari aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885. Paaluu pie aning anaahi la da wa a Berlin lambu.  Aŋa paaluu pie aning anaahi ŋa da waane Berlin Act: {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Colonial empire !Plenipotentiaries |- |Germany |German colonial empire |Otto von Bismarck Paul von Hatzfeldt Clemens Busch Heinrich von Kusserow [de] |- |Austria-Hungary |Austrian colonial empire |Imre Széchényi von Sárvár-Felsővidék |- |International Congo Society |International Congo Society |Gabriel August van der Straten-Ponthoz [de] Auguste, Baron Lambermont |- |Spain |Spanish colonial empire |Francisco Merry y Colom, 1st Count of Benomar |- |Denmark |Danish colonial empire |Emil Vind [da] |- |United States |American colonial empire |John A. Kasson Henry S. Sanford Henry Morton Stanley (as Technical Adviser) |- |France |French colonial empire |Alphonse de Courcel |- |United Kingdom |British colonial empire |Edward Baldwin Malet |- |Italy |Italian colonial empire |Edoardo de Launay [it] |- |Netherlands |Dutch colonial empire |Philip van der Hoeven |- |Portugal |Portuguese colonial empire |Antônio José da Serra Gomes [pt] António de Serpa Pimentel |- |Russia |Russian colonialism |Pyotr Kapnist |- |Sweden–Norway |Swedish colonial empire |Gillis Bildt |- |Ottoman Empire |Ottoman Empire |Mehmed Said Pasha |} Uniquely, the United States reserved the right to decline or to accept the conclusions of the conference. == Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu == [edit | edit source] Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu la ama * paati a te nye jemaa sagibu, A lambu da jeri nyogi yemehi ang be Afirika aning slaamaye fanga. Ana la, paalihi langtaa yela jaahibu a ku yemehi daa diibu.spheres European nuba la da seu ana yela ŋa. Joseph Conrad da bu la nuba ne mine aŋ da wa a lambu yi International Association of the Congo (kye bee "International Congo Society"), a ku International Society aning ba tuntunihi. * A suobu aŋ kpe Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Society. A Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni 1885, a chiur ne bang da baahi Berlin Conference ne LA ka Leopold's Administrator General potuuro ang be Congo, Francis de Winton, a da yeli kʋ a nuba jaa ka a Berlin Conference yuori leo la Congo Free State", a yuori ŋa da ba paahi a lambʋ aning a General Act puo. Be da LA waane nansaalaa begiri kana yuori aŋ da la Belgian official ''Law Gazette.A'' nansaari chuori ani daana a bebe yeni daari a yuoni 1885 puo la bang da waane Leopold II a ku a Paaluu. A Berlin Tigiri wogiri la ka aŋa begiri ŋa da beŋ. * The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin as well as Lake Malawi and east of it in an area south of 5° [[Category:Wp/wlx]] 7gpc32wb5rigd5k4v07lh3dq7opmdj8 6699810 6699809 2025-07-02T11:10:43Z Umar Asiya 2590172 /* Munpiilee */ 6699810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Afrikakonferenz.jpg|197px|right]] A '''Berlin Conference''' aŋ da piili 1884 a tɩ tɔ 1885 da ɩ yɛ lambʋ a ku colonial powers aŋ da baahɩ bing telimaana a '''[[Wp/wlx/General Act of Berlin|General Act of Berlin]]''',<ref>https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley</ref> nuori‘yeni lambu a ku [[Wp/wlx/Eropean|Eropean]] colonisation aning trade ang be Afirika a kpagi ne paalijaani ‘suobu fanga taribu wogiri. paaluu pie aning anaahi a da lantaa e ana lambu na. Otto von Bismarck, ang da e chancellor fara a ku [[Wp/wlx/Germany|Germany]], a da la buura ka o e Leopold II a ku [[Wp/wlx/Belgium|Belgium]] a da sung ka ana lambu na e.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY De Belgische Koloniën - Documentaire over het Belgisch Koloniaal Rijk (English: The Belgian Colonies - Documentary on the Belgian Colonial Empire) timestamp 10:40 to 10:52)]</ref> A Nansaari chiuri pie aning yeni daana a beri pie aning anu daar a yuoni 1884 puo a yi yenge a nansaari chiuri ayi daana a beri lijeri aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885 puo. A daari LA bang da bing telimaana ba ang Buona General Act.A General Act of Berlin yinii lesirihung vu a ku Afirik. Nuba mine da taa la a General Act of Berlin na a dugiha ne taa. Bela da vein la ka nuba mine da dori gbang banginiba mine ka ba ta dogihila taa a te kyaari ne ba lambu nouri yen digibu yala ne. A 2024 yuoni ne puo la bang ban ka paaluuhi ang be [[Wp/wlx/Congo|Congo]] yun la bang da di ing Afirika paaluu ning u to bogu ing’jie.Wm. Roger Louis da ngmi fasani nye ka a Berlin Act waa la faa a ku Afirika. A lambu da wuli ye ka Afirika paaluu ba babulajaujaubuunhu.Daari na la bang waane babulajaujaubuunhu a Afirika puo. Ana wogiri ne a babu la jaujaubuunhu da waa buhu Ang na bang saan Afirika zaa. [[Wp/wlx/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] tuong nye jaujaubuunhu paani a yi Imperial Russia, ana jaujaubuunhu na da sung ka Ethiopia nye independence. A jaujaubuunhu da begu [[Wp/wlx/Russian|Russian]] Revolution of 1917 . Wogiri ne European tuma yeli ang da baara ne la ka nuba da bura Afirika mine bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu yagazaa. A kahaa tuntunbuunhu mine la rubber, minerals, ivory, aning cotton. Afirikan daahi zemaa zaa da vein la ka European paaluuhi a koɔre ba bung maalihi ba daa pɔo. A Berlin lambu da wuli ye ka ba nu so paaluuhi ne zaa ang tari bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu ka lɛ da vein ka zauri waana. paaluumaalu yela ang be Britain aning France ‘duohi la ba ‘nimbi-jie ka ba tari tamaa a ko Congo Basin. Europe taa la kahaa tuntunbuunhu libi-chelee ang da sung ba nye daa yi paalijaala; saang’tenge. aŋa da vein ka Afirikan da die European daa. Paaluuhi ayo’poin a yi paaluuhi pie aning anaari pɔo aŋ da ahi ko – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Empire,aning [[Wp/wlx/United States|United States]] – da wa ba yiri Afirika ka ba ba tari yile nɔgilaa zaa. == Munpiilee == Seni ne ba lambu ne aŋ da piine ne, European paaluu gbebogi-aha da nye Afirickan paalikaara aning French ‘yi-dieriba da die la [[Wp/wlx/Lagos|Lagos]] aning Western Hemisphere, ka ba lantaa dieri daa. A yuoni 1800s, European da buo woo nyinii, ba aŋ da maŋ di maana bundaang’digaalii buunhu. A yela da sung la European bungkuora a gaane Afirika daa. European bung ‘gbulong ‘gbulong da taa la fanga aŋ da leuhi coastal Africa deme haakila ka ba ne Europeans da lantaa diiri daa. A yuoni 1876, King Leopold II aŋ be Belgium, aŋ da e yi-daangdau aning kpiengu daana a ko International African Association da buong la invited Henry Morton Stanley ka o wa sung o e la piehibu aning tuma u paaluu pɔo. 1878 yuoni ne puo la ka [[Wp/wlx/International Congo Society|International Congo Society]] miŋe da wa. Leopold da waane saaba aŋ da e yaagu iriba a Congo paaluu pɔo gondo. Aŋa yile ŋa da waane imperialistic diibu, a "Afirickan paaluu pɔo. A piili 1878 a te to 1885, Stanley da leo wa Congo a wa e Leopold's agent. O da taa la gondo ka o waane Congo Free wogiri ne Berlin lambu ne aŋ da baahi a Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni August 1885 pɔo. French agents piehi bang Leopold' spilan, ka be la da vein ka France da gaane ba miŋa bambu Afirika pɔo. A 1881 yuoni ne la ka French naval tuntuna yuori aŋ la Pierre de Brazza da gaa [[Wp/wlx/Central Afiricka|central Afiricka]], aning western Congo basin, a te dohi French flag kye bahi Brazzaville panpana ŋa Republic of Congo. panpana Portugal. A 1880s yuoni ne, yelitaruu yaga zaa aŋ jagi paalihi lamugiye yelae da baahiye laangfie. Aŋa da sung ka European nye bambu a ko salima,taabuuhi, aning rubber, daa da dolo. Aŋa da vein ka European deme da wa be a Afirika paaluu pɔo. Stanley's da ihi [[Congo River Basin]] (1874–1877) a yi European teng-gbangu ‘bigihee gbangu pɔo ka o baŋ tuoŋ nye kpiengu British, [[Portuguese]], [[French]] aning Belgian seŋ. France da die la Tunisia, ang da be Barbary paaluu. French da jau ne Pierre de Brazza panpana ŋa yuori aŋ la Republic of the Congo a 1881 aning Guinea 1884. Italy da wa paahi Triple Alliance, yelinanii kaŋa aŋ da vein ka Bismarck's da juo ne Germany aning European aŋ be Afiricka. A 1882, ba da leu bang ye ka geopolitical aŋ be Portuguese la da kaara France a te to [[Central Afirika]], Ethiopia, the Nile, aning Suez Canal. Britain da nye sori sung kaŋa aŋ da be Egypt a ga la India. Egyptian ‘libie da baahi yen ka be la da vein ka British koohi da kpi. == Lambʋ == [edit | edit source] European saamba paali‘soruu da vein la ka Germany piili e nyagihuu yelikanga iibu ka be la da to dabie ing British aning French. Belgian naa Leopold II veng ka France aning Germany sagi ka Afirika daa diibu suma gaa a paaluu jaane ata ne zaa. Portugal, Otto von Bismarck, aŋ da e Chancellor a ko Germany da bung la a teenhi pie naa ata ne jaa aŋ be Europe paaluu aning United States ka ba wa paahi a Berlin lambu ne pɔo a 1884 ka ba nogi yeliyeni a ko Afirikan paaluuhi. A lambu da piili Nansaari ‘chiuri ‘pie aning daana o beri pie aning anu daari a yuoni 1884 a da baahi Nansaari ‘chiuri ayi daana o beri lizari aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885. Paaluu pie aning anaahi la da wa a Berlin lambu.  Aŋa paaluu pie aning anaahi ŋa da waane Berlin Act: {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Colonial empire !Plenipotentiaries |- |Germany |German colonial empire |Otto von Bismarck Paul von Hatzfeldt Clemens Busch Heinrich von Kusserow [de] |- |Austria-Hungary |Austrian colonial empire |Imre Széchényi von Sárvár-Felsővidék |- |International Congo Society |International Congo Society |Gabriel August van der Straten-Ponthoz [de] Auguste, Baron Lambermont |- |Spain |Spanish colonial empire |Francisco Merry y Colom, 1st Count of Benomar |- |Denmark |Danish colonial empire |Emil Vind [da] |- |United States |American colonial empire |John A. Kasson Henry S. Sanford Henry Morton Stanley (as Technical Adviser) |- |France |French colonial empire |Alphonse de Courcel |- |United Kingdom |British colonial empire |Edward Baldwin Malet |- |Italy |Italian colonial empire |Edoardo de Launay [it] |- |Netherlands |Dutch colonial empire |Philip van der Hoeven |- |Portugal |Portuguese colonial empire |Antônio José da Serra Gomes [pt] António de Serpa Pimentel |- |Russia |Russian colonialism |Pyotr Kapnist |- |Sweden–Norway |Swedish colonial empire |Gillis Bildt |- |Ottoman Empire |Ottoman Empire |Mehmed Said Pasha |} Uniquely, the United States reserved the right to decline or to accept the conclusions of the conference. == Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu == [edit | edit source] Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu la ama * paati a te nye jemaa sagibu, A lambu da jeri nyogi yemehi ang be Afirika aning slaamaye fanga. Ana la, paalihi langtaa yela jaahibu a ku yemehi daa diibu.spheres European nuba la da seu ana yela ŋa. Joseph Conrad da bu la nuba ne mine aŋ da wa a lambu yi International Association of the Congo (kye bee "International Congo Society"), a ku International Society aning ba tuntunihi. * A suobu aŋ kpe Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Society. A Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni 1885, a chiur ne bang da baahi Berlin Conference ne LA ka Leopold's Administrator General potuuro ang be Congo, Francis de Winton, a da yeli kʋ a nuba jaa ka a Berlin Conference yuori leo la Congo Free State", a yuori ŋa da ba paahi a lambʋ aning a General Act puo. Be da LA waane nansaalaa begiri kana yuori aŋ da la Belgian official ''Law Gazette.A'' nansaari chuori ani daana a bebe yeni daari a yuoni 1885 puo la bang da waane Leopold II a ku a Paaluu. A Berlin Tigiri wogiri la ka aŋa begiri ŋa da beŋ. * The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin as well as Lake Malawi and east of it in an area south of 5° [[Category:Wp/wlx]] mozr5ocf9vts2b2p7zo7w32b1gg679m 6699824 6699810 2025-07-02T11:51:04Z Umar Asiya 2590172 6699824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Afrikakonferenz.jpg|197px|right]] A '''Berlin Conference''' aŋ da piili 1884 a tɩ tɔ 1885 da ɩ yɛ lambʋ a ku colonial powers aŋ da baahɩ bing telimaana a '''[[Wp/wlx/General Act of Berlin|General Act of Berlin]]''',<ref>https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley</ref> nuori‘yeni lambu a ku [[Wp/wlx/Eropean|Eropean]] colonisation aning trade ang be Afirika a kpagi ne paalijaani ‘suobu fanga taribu wogiri. paaluu pie aning anaahi a da lantaa e ana lambu na. Otto von Bismarck, ang da e chancellor fara a ku [[Wp/wlx/Germany|Germany]], a da la buura ka o e Leopold II a ku [[Wp/wlx/Belgium|Belgium]] a da sung ka ana lambu na e.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY De Belgische Koloniën - Documentaire over het Belgisch Koloniaal Rijk (English: The Belgian Colonies - Documentary on the Belgian Colonial Empire) timestamp 10:40 to 10:52)]</ref> A Nansaari chiuri pie aning yeni daana a beri pie aning anu daar a yuoni 1884 puo a yi yenge a nansaari chiuri ayi daana a beri lijeri aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885 puo. A daari LA bang da bing telimaana ba ang Buona General Act.A General Act of Berlin yinii lesirihung vu a ku Afirik. <ref>https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/</ref>Nuba mine da taa la a General Act of Berlin na a dugiha ne taa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9</ref> Bela da vein la ka nuba mine da dori gbang banginiba mine ka ba ta dogihila taa a te kyaari ne ba lambu nouri yen digibu yala ne.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-Katzenellenbogen-5</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Review_of_International_Law</ref> <ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-Crowe-7</ref>A 2024 yuoni ne puo la bang ban ka paaluuhi ang be [[Wp/wlx/Congo|Congo]] yun la bang da di ing Afirika paaluu ning u to bogu ing’jie.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054</ref> Roger Louis da ngmi fasani nye ka a Berlin Act waa la faa a ku Afirika. A lambu da wuli ye ka Afirika paaluu ba babulajaujaubuunhu.Daari na la bang waane babulajaujaubuunhu a Afirika puo. Ana wogiri ne a babu la jaujaubuunhu da waa buhu Ang na bang saan Afirika zaa. [[Wp/wlx/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] tuong nye jaujaubuunhu paani a yi Imperial Russia, ana jaujaubuunhu na da sung ka Ethiopia nye independence. A jaujaubuunhu da begu [[Wp/wlx/Russian|Russian]] Revolution of 1917. <ref>https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo</ref> Wogiri ne European tuma yeli ang da baara ne la ka nuba da bura Afirika mine bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu yagazaa. A kahaa tuntunbuunhu mine la rubber, minerals, ivory, aning cotton. Afirikan daahi zemaa zaa da vein la ka European paaluuhi a koɔre ba bung maalihi ba daa pɔo. A Berlin lambu da wuli ye ka ba nu so paaluuhi ne zaa ang tari bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu ka lɛ da vein ka zauri waana. paaluumaalu yela ang be Britain aning France ‘duohi la ba ‘nimbi-jie ka ba tari tamaa a ko Congo Basin. Europe taa la kahaa tuntunbuunhu libi-chelee ang da sung ba nye daa yi paalijaala; saang’tenge. aŋa da vein ka Afirikan da die European daa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-11</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-10</ref> Paaluuhi ayo’poin a yi paaluuhi pie aning anaari pɔo aŋ da ahi ko – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Empire,aning [[Wp/wlx/United States|United States]] – da wa ba yiri Afirika ka ba ba tari yile nɔgilaa zaa. == Munpiilee == Seni ne ba lambu ne aŋ da piine ne, European paaluu gbebogi-aha da nye Afirickan paalikaara aning French ‘yi-dieriba da die la [[Wp/wlx/Lagos|Lagos]] aning Western Hemisphere, ka ba lantaa dieri daa. A yuoni 1800s, European da buo woo nyinii, ba aŋ da maŋ di maana bundaang’digaalii buunhu. A yela da sung la European bungkuora a gaane Afirika daa. European bung ‘gbulong ‘gbulong da taa la fanga aŋ da leuhi coastal Africa deme haakila ka ba ne Europeans da lantaa diiri daa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-12</ref> A yuoni 1876, King Leopold II aŋ be Belgium, aŋ da e yi-daangdau aning kpiengu daana a ko International African Association da buong la invited Henry Morton Stanley ka o wa sung o e la piehibu aning tuma u paaluu pɔo. 1878 yuoni ne puo la ka [[Wp/wlx/International Congo Society|International Congo Society]] miŋe da wa. Leopold da waane saaba aŋ da e yaagu iriba a Congo paaluu pɔo gondo. Aŋa yile ŋa da waane imperialistic diibu, a "Afirickan paaluu pɔo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Ascherson</ref> A piili 1878 a te to 1885, Stanley da leo wa Congo a wa e Leopold's agent. O da taa la gondo ka o waane Congo Free wogiri ne Berlin lambu ne aŋ da baahi a Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni August 1885 pɔo.<ref name=":1" /> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-Cornelis-14</ref><ref name=":0" />French agents piehi bang Leopold' spilan, ka be la da vein ka France da gaane ba miŋa bambu Afirika pɔo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-15</ref> A 1881 yuoni ne la ka French naval tuntuna yuori aŋ la Pierre de Brazza da gaa [[Wp/wlx/Central Afiricka|central Afiricka]], aning western Congo basin, a te dohi French flag kye bahi Brazzaville panpana ŋa Republic of Congo panpana Portugal.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-16</ref> A 1880s yuoni ne, yelitaruu yaga zaa aŋ jagi paalihi lamugiye yelae da baahiye laangfie. Aŋa da sung ka European nye bambu a ko salima,taabuuhi, aning rubber, daa da dolo. Aŋa da vein ka European deme da wa be a Afirika paaluu pɔo. Stanley's da ihi [[Congo River Basin]] (1874–1877) a yi European teng-gbangu ‘bigihee gbangu pɔo ka o baŋ tuoŋ nye kpiengu British, [[Portuguese]], [[French]] aning Belgian seŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-17</ref> France da die la Tunisia, ang da be Barbary paaluu. French da jau ne Pierre de Brazza panpana ŋa yuori aŋ la Republic of the Congo a 1881 aning Guinea 1884. Italy da wa paahi Triple Alliance, yelinanii kaŋa aŋ da vein ka Bismarck's da juo ne Germany aning European aŋ be Afiricka. A 1882, ba da leu bang ye ka geopolitical aŋ be Portuguese la da kaara France a te to [[Central Afirika]], Ethiopia, the Nile, aning Suez Canal. Britain da nye sori sung kaŋa aŋ da be Egypt a ga la India. Egyptian ‘libie da baahi yen ka be la da vein ka British koohi da kpi. == Lambʋ == [edit | edit source] European saamba paali‘soruu da vein la ka Germany piili e nyagihuu yelikanga iibu ka be la da to dabie ing British aning French.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/berlin-conference-1884-1885-divide-africa-1433556</ref> Belgian naa Leopold II veng ka France aning Germany sagi ka Afirika daa diibu suma gaa a paaluu jaane ata ne zaa. Portugal, Otto von Bismarck, aŋ da e Chancellor a ko Germany da bung la a teenhi pie naa ata ne jaa aŋ be Europe paaluu aning United States ka ba wa paahi a Berlin lambu ne pɔo a 1884 ka ba nogi yeliyeni a ko Afirikan paaluuhi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200913172627/http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/21237/1/872411H002025.pdf</ref>A lambu da piili Nansaari ‘chiuri ‘pie aning daana o beri pie aning anu daari a yuoni 1884 a da baahi Nansaari ‘chiuri ayi daana o beri lizari aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885. Paaluu pie aning anaahi la da wa a Berlin lambu.  Aŋa paaluu pie aning anaahi ŋa da waane Berlin Act:<ref>https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:General-Akte_der_Berliner_Konferenz_(Kongokonferenz)</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Colonial empire !Plenipotentiaries |- |Germany |German colonial empire |Otto von Bismarck Paul von Hatzfeldt Clemens Busch Heinrich von Kusserow [de] |- |Austria-Hungary |Austrian colonial empire |Imre Széchényi von Sárvár-Felsővidék |- |International Congo Society |International Congo Society |Gabriel August van der Straten-Ponthoz [de] Auguste, Baron Lambermont |- |Spain |Spanish colonial empire |Francisco Merry y Colom, 1st Count of Benomar |- |Denmark |Danish colonial empire |Emil Vind [da] |- |United States |American colonial empire |John A. Kasson Henry S. Sanford Henry Morton Stanley (as Technical Adviser) |- |France |French colonial empire |Alphonse de Courcel |- |United Kingdom |British colonial empire |Edward Baldwin Malet |- |Italy |Italian colonial empire |Edoardo de Launay [it] |- |Netherlands |Dutch colonial empire |Philip van der Hoeven |- |Portugal |Portuguese colonial empire |Antônio José da Serra Gomes [pt] António de Serpa Pimentel |- |Russia |Russian colonialism |Pyotr Kapnist |- |Sweden–Norway |Swedish colonial empire |Gillis Bildt |- |Ottoman Empire |Ottoman Empire |Mehmed Said Pasha |} Uniquely, the United States reserved the right to decline or to accept the conclusions of the conference. == Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu == [edit | edit source] Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu la ama * paati a te nye jemaa sagibu, A lambu da jeri nyogi yemehi ang be Afirika aning slaamaye fanga. Ana la, paalihi langtaa yela jaahibu a ku yemehi daa diibu.spheres European nuba la da seu ana yela ŋa. Joseph Conrad da bu la nuba ne mine aŋ da wa a lambu yi International Association of the Congo (kye bee "International Congo Society"), a ku International Society aning ba tuntunihi. * A suobu aŋ kpe Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Society. A Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni 1885, a chiur ne bang da baahi Berlin Conference ne LA ka Leopold's Administrator General potuuro ang be Congo, Francis de Winton, a da yeli kʋ a nuba jaa ka a Berlin Conference yuori leo la Congo Free State", a yuori ŋa da ba paahi a lambʋ aning a General Act puo. Be da LA waane nansaalaa begiri kana yuori aŋ da la Belgian official ''Law Gazette.A'' nansaari chuori ani daana a bebe yeni daari a yuoni 1885 puo la bang da waane Leopold II a ku a Paaluu. A Berlin Tigiri wogiri la ka aŋa begiri ŋa da beŋ. * The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin as well as Lake Malawi and east of it in an area south of 5° [[Category:Wp/wlx]] 9z6svqwbptzz436izzbs8gquuokzegw 0 3611577 6699610 6697855 2025-07-01T21:14:57Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pope John Paul Medal.jpg|thumb|JUAN PABLO I]] == Albino Luciani kaj tiktukeytiat JUAN PABLO I == JUAN PABLO I nesik se tunal chikume pal ne metzti majtakti tik ne shiwit se shikipil Chiknawi tzunti majtakti ume(1912) tik ne techan canale de´agordo, véneto takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Italia. Yaja ne palej tatuktiani<ref>papa</ref>tik ne tuipan tapual Ume tzunti yey pual  yey(263) katka wan ne tatuktiani tik ne techan    Vaticano intzalan ne se pual chikwasen pal ne metzi chikwey   tik ne shiwit  se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual  kashtul yey (26 de octubre de 1978)  katka kitukeytia pale tik achtu takutun<ref>sacerdote en primer grado (diacono)</ref> tik ne tanestuk ume pal ne metzti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil Chiknawi tzunti se pual kashtul (1935)katka kitukeytia pale tik ne ume takutun<ref>sacerdote en segundo grado (presbitero)</ref> tik ne tanestuk chikume pal ne metzti chikume tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti se pual kashtul(1935)katka kitukeytia pale tik ne yey takutun<ref>sacerdote en tercer grado (obispo)</ref> tik ne tanestuk kashtul pal ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti ume pual kashtul yey kashtul(1958) katka wan yaja pale tik ne yey takutun kitukeytia pale tik ne nawi takutun<ref>cardenal</ref> pal kinajnawati wan tiktukeytia pal ne yankwik wey pale o pale tatuktiani<ref>nuevo papa</ref> tik ne tanestuk makwil pal ne metzti yey tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti yey pual majtakti yey (1973) katka yaja wey pale<ref>papa</ref> se pual majtakti yey tanestuk katka canonizado tik ume shikipil se pual ume , durante ne wey palej Francisco,<ref>papa francisco </ref> kitukeytia<ref>lo nombraron</ref> santuj tik ne tuipan catolica == Ne ichtaka itunal: == Ne inan itukey katka '''Bartola Tancon'''. yaja se Italiachanej katka. wan ne iteku itukey katka  '''Giovanni Luciani''' Yaja se ´Italiachanej katka. == yaja mikik == [editar | editar código] * [[File:Pope John Paul Medal.jpg|thumb|JUAN PABLO I]]Yaja mikik se tunal se pual chikwey pal ne metzi chikume   tik ne shiwit  se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual  kashtul yey (28 de septiembre de 1978), ipanpa tamik iijiu<ref>infarto </ref> tik ne techan vaticano, vaticano takutun ipal tutalyu tik ne italyu  italiachanej katka  . == Ipanpa ini == [[Category:Wp/ppl]] <references /> == '''Ijilpika:''' == https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pablo_I https://www.gettyimages.es/fotos/papa-juan-pablo-i https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pablo_I#/media/Archivo:Paus_Johannes_Paulus_I_(Bestanddeelnr_929-9074)_(cropped).jpg bt0d7ch3hvx7f0mwfw6uso3ff5yakux 0 3611726 6699612 6697857 2025-07-01T21:18:08Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Benedicto XVI, 2011.jpg|thumb|papa benedicto xvI]] == Joseph Alois Ratzinger kaj tiktukeytiat Benedicto XVI == WEY PALEJ Benedicto XVI<ref>papa benedicto XVI</ref> nesik se tunal kashtul se pal ne metzti nawi tik ne shiwit se shikipil Chiknawi tzunti Se pual chikume(1927)tik ne techan marktl am inn, marktl am inn takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Alemania. Yaja ne palej tatuktiani tik ne tuipan tapual Ume tzunti yey pual makwil katka wan ne tatuktiani tik ne techan    Vaticano intzalan ne kashtul nawi pal ne metzti nawi  tik ne shiwit  yey shikipil makwil(2005)  wan tea kinekik tekiti ka né wey pale<ref>renuncio al papado</ref> tik ne se pual chikwey pal ne metzti ume tik ne shiwit yey shikipil majtakti yey(2013) kitukeytia<ref>nombrado</ref> pale tik achtu takutun<ref>sacerdote en primer grado (diacono)</ref> tik ne tanestuk se pual chiknawi pal ne metzti majtakti tik ne shiwit se shikipil Chiknawi tzunti ume pual majtakti (1950) katka kitukeytia pale tik ne ume takutun<ref>sacerdote en segundo grado (presbitero)</ref> tik ne tanestuk se pual chiknawi pal ne metzti chikwasen tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual majtakti se (1951) katka kitukeytia pale tik ne yey takutun<ref>sacerdote en tercer grado (obispo)</ref> tik ne tanestuk se pual chikwey pal ne metzti makwil ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti yey pual kashtul ume (1977) katka wan yaja pale tik ne yey takutun kitukeytia pale tik ne nawi takutun<ref>cardenal</ref> pal kinajnawati wan tiktukeytia pal ne yankwik wey pale o pale tatuktiani<ref>nuevo papa</ref> tik ne tanestuk se pual chikume pal ne metzti chikwasen ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti yey pual kashtul ume (1977) katka == Ne itekiw: tay kichiwki? == Yaja kichiwki miak ajamachti:<ref>libro o carta enciclica</ref> == ajamachti pal ne BENEDICTO XVI == kimawawasuj<ref>Escribio</ref> majtakti nawi amachti: ·''Deus Caritas Est''( 25 /12 /2005) · ''Spe Salvi'' (30/11/2007) · ''Caritas in Veritate''(28 /06/2009) == Ne ichtaka itunal: == Ne inan itukey katka '''Maria Rieger'''. yaja se Alemaniachanej katka. wan ne iteku itukey katka  '''Joseph Ratzinger''' Yaja se Alemaniachanej katka. == kipia katka se wey cultura wan kimati Katka ne Tajtaketzalis == ne italiano, ne francés, ne alemán, ne inglés, ne español, ne portugués, ne ucraniano, ne piamontes, ne griego, ne hebreo, ne latin ne wey palej tik ne Pashaluani , yajki se tzunti se pual chiknawi  (129) tutajtalyu == Yaja mikik == [editar | editar código] * Yaja mikik se tunal se pual majtakti se ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit ume shikipil se pual ume (31 de diciembre de 2022), ipanpa Kukulis pal tea welik ijiumiki<ref>paro respiratorio</ref> tik ne techan vaticano, vaticano takutun ipal tutalyu tik ne italyu  poloniachanej katka  . == Ipanpa ini == [[Category:Wp/ppl]] <references /> == '''Ijilpika:''' == https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XVI https://www.google.com/search?q=im%C3%A1genes+del+papa+benedicto+16&oq=imagenes+del+papa+benedic&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgCEAAYgAQyBggAEEUYOTIMCAEQABgUGIcCGIAEMgcIAhAAGIAEMggIAxAAGBYYHjIICAQQABgWGB4yBwgFEAAY7wUyCggGEAAYgAQYogQyBwgHEAAY7wXSAQkxMzM0N2owajeoAgiwAgHxBV7UsMd6dh04&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://www.gettyimages.es/search/2/image?phrase=papa+benedicto+xvi b63a2q6250jkv82t3i32rkqfqgq0smv 0 3611838 6699614 6697803 2025-07-01T21:31:22Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699614 wikitext text/x-wiki = Ninoy Aquino = Benigno Simeón Aquino y Aquino (1932-1983) kaj tiktukeytiat Benigno Aquino Jr. wan '''Ninoy Aquino,''' kutulinkwikwilchiwani wan tawawasuani Filipinaschanej katka. [[File:Ninoy Aquino 2.jpg|thumb|Ninoy Aquino tik ne shijshiwit yey pual majtakti.]] == Ne itunal ichtaka == Ninoy Aquino nesik tik ne techan Tarlac tik Filipinas tik ne shiwit 1932. Imiekawan sujsul pujpudiente wan tetzijtzinal tik ne isla Luzón. Itejtekuwan Benigno S. Aquino, Sr. wan Aurora Aquino wan itatanoy Servillano Aquino katka. Servillano Aquino tasumani iwan tatuktiani tajtasumani Emilio Aguinaldo katka. Isiwaw itukey Corazón Aquino katka. Yaja kipiaj ume ipijpipil : Benigno Aquino III wan Kris Aquino. == Ne itekiw == Keman kipiaj 17 shiwit, pewtuk itekiw tik ne Guerra de Corea wan kutulinkwikwilchiwani katka. Tatuktiani Elpidio Quirino kimakak Ninoy Aquino ne takulis filipinaschanej "Legión de Honor". Nemanha, muchiwa ken ne piltzín senador tik ne Filipinas. Tik ne shijshiwit yey pual, ministro katka. Aquino tesu kineki tatuktiani wan dictador Ferdinand Marcos katka. Ne shiwit 1972, Ferdinand Marcos iketztuk Ninoy Aquino. Nemanha, ne shiwit 1980, Aquino sujsul kukuya katka, wan tatuktiani Marcos kituktia Aquino wan imiekawan ka EEUU. Ika tuijikniwan Filipinas tesu yek katka wan kimunekit Ninoy Aquino, Aquino mukwepa ka Filipinas katka. Ne shiwit 1983, tik ne tepuspatani tik ne techan Manila, tajtamiktiani miktiajtuyat Ninoy Aquino. == Ipanpa Uni == # https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino # https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/ninoy-aquino/ # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino sxrdjhlkhubv1rwzbfk327mcfgvcwkc 0 3611839 6699615 6698306 2025-07-01T21:33:05Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699615 wikitext text/x-wiki = Dakota Johnson = [[File:Dakota Johnson Venice 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Dakota Johnson tik ne techan Venecia ne shiwit 2018.]] Dakota Mayi Johnson (1989-) mawiltiani estadounidensechanej. == Ne itunal ichtaka == Dakota Johnson nesik tik ne techan Austin tik ne EEUU. Imiekawan kipia miak tajtapajtiani : inan Melanie Griffith (wan Melanie Griffith isiwakunew tapajtiani Tippi Hedren) wan iteku [[Wp/ppl/Don Johnson|Don Johnson]] wan iteteku Antonio Banderas. Dakota kipia ume chupi imajmanujwan : Alexander Bauer wan Jesse Johnson, wan kipia nawi chupi iikawan : Stella del Carmen Banderas-Griffith, Grace Atherton Johnson, Jasper wan Deacon Johnson. == Ne itekiw == Pejtuk itekiw ne shiwit 1999 ka ulinkwikwil Crazy in Alabama ("Tzunhejekat tik Alabama") iwan inan, tapajtiani Melanie Griffith. Nemanha, kipiaj chikitik itejtekiw tik ne miak ujulinkwikwil. Ne shiwit 2015, kipiaj sujsul yek itekiw ka ulinkwikwil 50 shades of Grey ("50 itajtachishka ka Grey") wan kichijki ume ukujulinkwikwil "50 itajtachishka". == Ujulinkwikwil == {| class="wikitable" !Shiwit !Ulinkwikwil !Tuknew !Tajtakulis |- |1999 |Crazy in Alabama |Sondra | |- |2012 |21 Jump Street | | |- |2015 |50 shades of Grey |Anastasia Steele |People's choice awards |- |2017 |50 shades darker |Anastasia Steele | |- |2024 |Madame Web |Cassandra Web | |} == Ipanpa Uni == # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Johnson # https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Johnson # https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0424848/ idf15bcp6jou05maikmqfezw1aeiqeh 0 3611851 6699528 6697858 2025-07-01T16:55:49Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 6699528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} #### ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} [[Category:Wt/zgh]] f4ndru8x2176awed739oi0jvci2vhbq 6699529 6699528 2025-07-01T16:56:05Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 6699529 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} #### ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} [[Category:Wt/zgh]] k2rfyl5ntt331u5hqjewjikh22wlvu5 6699530 6699529 2025-07-01T16:57:04Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ */ 6699530 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} [[Category:Wt/zgh]] e9ytaf0yx7z8fuf8riwt1lg6w2s9w5k 0 3611855 6699611 6697878 2025-07-01T21:16:42Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699611 wikitext text/x-wiki == Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini kaj tiktukeytiat Pablo VI == [[File:Pope Paul VI portrait.jpg|thumb|PAPA PABLO VI]] WEY PALEJ Pablo VI<ref>papa pablo VI</ref> nesik se tunal se pual chikwasen pal ne metzti chiknawi tik ne shiwit se shikipil Chikwey tzunti nawi pual kashtul ume(1897)tik ne techan concesio, concesio takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Italia. ne palej tatuktiani tik ne tuipan tapual Ume tzunti yey pual ume katka wan ne tatuktiani tik ne techan Vaticano intzalan ne se pual se pal ne metzti chikwasen tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual yey (1963), tesu tikmatiit keman kitukeytit palej tik achtu takutun <ref>sacerdote primer grado (diacono)</ref> kitukeytia pale tik ne ume takutun <ref>sacerdote segundo grado(presbitero)</ref>tik ne tanestuk se pual chiknawi pal ne metzti makwil tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti se pual (1920) katka kitukeytia pale tik ne yey takutun <ref>sacerdote tercer grado (obisopo)</ref>tik ne tanestuk majtakti ume pal ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti ume pual majtakti nawi (1954) katka wan yaja pale tik ne yey takutun kitukeytia pale tik ne nawi takutun<ref>cardenal</ref> pal kinajnawati wan tiktukeytia pal ne yankwik wey pale o pale tatuktiani<ref>nuevo papa</ref> tik ne tanestuk kashtul pal ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil choknawi tzunti ume pual kashtul yey (1958) katka == Ne itekiw: tay kichiwki? == Yaja kichiwki miak ajamachti: == ajamachti pal ne PABLO VI == kimawawasuj<ref>Libro o carta apostolica o enciclicas</ref> ne majtakti nawi ajamachti siguientes. ·humana Vitae( 1968) · Populorum Progressio (1967) · Ecclesiiam suam(1964) · mense maio (1965) ·mysterium fidei(1965) · christi matri(1966) · sacerdotalis caelibatus (1967) ·Octagesima adveniens(1971) ·De institutiones(1977) ·Tanta Est(1978) == Ne ichtaka itunal: == Ne inan itukey katka Giudetta Alghisi. yaja se Italiachanej katka. wan ne iteku itukey katka Giorgio Montini Yaja se Italiachanej katka. == kipia katka se wey cultura wan kimati Katka ne Tajtaketzalis == ne italiano, ne francés, ne alemán, ne inglés, ne español, ne portugués, ne latin == Yaja mikik == [[File:Paulus VI, by Fotografia Felici, 1969.jpg|thumb|PAPA PABLO VI]]Yaja mikik se tunal chilwasen ne metzti chikwey tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual v kashtul ume (06 de agosto de 1978), ipanpa Kukulis pal yulmiki<ref>infarto agudo al meocardio (paro cardiaco)</ref> tik ne techan vaticano, vaticano takutun ipal tutalyu tik ne italyu poloniachanej katka . == Ipanpa ini == [[Category:Wp/ppl]] <references /> == '''Ijilpika:''' == https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discusi%C3%B3n:Pablo_VI https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/es.html https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tDP1Tcwjc82N2D04ihITMrJVyjLBAA42AXU&q=pablo+vi&oq=pablo+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDAgBEC4YQxiABBiKBTIGCAAQRRg5MgwIARAuGEMYgAQYigUyDwgCEC4YQxixAxiABBiKBTIMCAMQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgwIBBAuGEMYgAQYigUyBggFEEUYPDIGCAYQRRg8MgYIBxBFGDzSAQgzNDgxajBqN6gCCLACAfEF0gGlzyUMUjU&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#vhid=j2EKmuMt0nS1oM&vssid=_FpNgaLXQN6SSwbkPjpyN6Qo_54 ti6obdlafgf5hwkr86u6tw4smhniife 10 3611938 6699461 6698906 2025-07-01T15:20:58Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699461 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--This is transcluded into all these templates' /doc pages to save time. --><noinclude>__NOTOC__</noinclude>{{wq/syl/Documentation subpage|override=see also|several templates ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wq/syl/Done/See also|Details]])}}{{wq/syl/Navbar|Done/See also|style=float:right;|text=''This list:''}} === Inline icon templates by shape and color === Any of the following inline, comment-level templates can be converted into {{wq/syl/Tl|Resolved}}-style hatnotes by using {{wq/syl/Tl|Resbox}} to put a box around the icon and text. {{Wq/syl/Div col|colwidth=30em}} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Black check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{wq/syl/Already done}} | {{Wq/syl/Tlx|Wq/syl/Already done}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Yellow check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{wn/syl/Partly done}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Partly done}} |- | {{wn/syl/IPblock}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/IPblock}} |- | {{wn/syl/Yellow tick}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Yellow tick}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Green check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{wn/syl/Confirmed}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Confirmed}} |- | {{wn/syl/Checked}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Checked}} |- | {{wn/syl/Done}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|Done}} |- | {{Endorsement}} | {{Tlx|Endorsement}} |- | {{Tallyho}} | {{Tlx|Tallyho}} |- | {{OK}} | {{Tlx|OK}} |- | {{Resolution 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{{Ncip}} | {{Tlx|Ncip}} |- | {{No comment IP}} | {{Tlx|No comment IP}} |- | {{Remove}} | {{Tlx|Remove}} |- | {{Removed}} | {{Tlx|Removed}} |- | {{Oppose}} | {{Tlx|Oppose}} |- | {{Strong oppose}} | {{Tlx|Strong oppose}} |- | {{Weak oppose}} | {{Tlx|Weak oppose}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Plus sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Added}} | {{Tlx|Added}} |- | {{Almost done}} | {{Tlx|Almost done}} |- | {{Likely}} | {{Tlx|Likely}} |- | {{Support}} | {{Tlx|Support}} |- | {{Moral support}} | {{Tlx|Moral support}} |- | {{Strong support}} | {{Tlx|Strong support}} |- | {{Weak support}} | {{Tlx|Weak support}} |- | {{Works for me}} | {{Tlx|Works for me}} |- | {{Endorse}} | {{Tlx|Endorse}} |- | {{Inconclusive}} | {{Tlx|Inconclusive}} |- | {{Needupdating}} | {{Tlx|Needupdating}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Neutral sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Neutral}} | {{Tlx|Neutral}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Clock''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Delisted}} | {{Tlx|Delisted}} |- | {{Doing}} | {{Tlx|Doing}} |- | {{Inprogress}} | {{Tlx|Inprogress}} |- | {{OnHold}} | {{Tlx|OnHold}} |- | {{Running}} | {{Tlx|Running}} |- | {{Tobedone}} | {{Tlx|Tobedone}} |- | {{Waiting}} | {{Tlx|Waiting}} |- | {{Wait}} | {{Tlx|Wait}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Exclamation mark''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{TakeNote}} | {{Tlx|TakeNote}} |- | {{Clerknote}} | {{Tlx|Clerknote}} |- | {{Comment}} | {{Tlx|Comment}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Information mark''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Note2}} | {{Tlx|Note2}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Question mark''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Doubtful}} | {{Tlx|Doubtful}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Question}} | {{Tlx|Question}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{MoreInfo}} | {{Tlx|MoreInfo}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Not done for now}} | {{Tlx|Not done for now}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Qmark}} | {{Tlx|Qmark}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Bulb''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Bulb}} | {{Tlx|Bulb}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Smile''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Thank you}} | {{Tlx|Thank you}} |- | {{Thanks}} | {{Tlx|Thanks}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Thumb sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Thumbs up}} | {{Tlx|Thumbs up}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Like}} | {{Tlx|Like}} |} {{Div col end}} 7jw0qdxfxq20dj5zo3e1292n6vujmfi 6699464 6699461 2025-07-01T15:23:01Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699464 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--This is transcluded into all these templates' /doc pages to save time. --><noinclude>__NOTOC__</noinclude>{{wq/syl/Documentation subpage|override=see also|several templates ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wq/syl/Done/See also|Details]])}}{{wq/syl/Navbar|Done/See also|style=float:right;|text=''This list:''}} === Inline icon templates by shape and color === Any of the following inline, comment-level templates can be converted into {{wq/syl/Tl|Resolved}}-style hatnotes by using {{wq/syl/Tl|Resbox}} to put a box around the icon and text. {{Wq/syl/Div col|colwidth=30em}} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Black check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{wq/syl/Already done}} | {{Wq/syl/Tlx|Wq/syl/Already done}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Yellow check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{wq/syl/Partly done}} | {{Wq/syl/Tlx|wq/syl/Partly done}} |- | {{Wq/syl/IPblock}} | {{wq/syl/Tlx|wq/syl/IPblock}} |- | {{Wq/syl/Yellow tick}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Yellow tick}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Green check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{wn/syl/Confirmed}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Confirmed}} |- | {{wn/syl/Checked}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|wn/syl/Checked}} |- | {{wn/syl/Done}} | {{wn/syl/Tlx|Done}} |- | {{Endorsement}} | {{Tlx|Endorsement}} |- | {{Tallyho}} | {{Tlx|Tallyho}} |- | {{OK}} | {{Tlx|OK}} |- | {{Resolution passed}} | {{Tlx|Resolution passed}} |- | {{Check mark}} | {{Tlx|Check mark}} |- | {{Tick}} | {{Tlx|Tick}} |- | {{Aye}} | {{Tlx|Aye}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Blue check marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Fixed}} | {{Tlx|Fixed}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Reverted}} | {{Tlx|Reverted}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Cross marks''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Not done}} | {{Tlx|Not done}} |- | {{Not fixed}} | {{Tlx|Not fixed}} |- | {{NotOK}} | {{Tlx|NotOK}} |- | {{Resolution failed}} | {{Tlx|Resolution failed}} |- | {{Unnecessary}} | {{Tlx|Unnecessary}} |- | {{Unrelated}} | {{Tlx|Unrelated}} |- | {{Cross}} | {{Tlx|Cross}} |- | {{Nay}} | {{Tlx|Nay}} |- | {{X mark big}} | {{Tlx|X mark big}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Minus sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Decline}} | {{Tlx|Decline}} |- | {{Denied}} | {{Tlx|Denied}} |- | {{Ncip}} | {{Tlx|Ncip}} |- | {{No comment IP}} | {{Tlx|No comment IP}} |- | {{Remove}} | {{Tlx|Remove}} |- | {{Removed}} | {{Tlx|Removed}} |- | {{Oppose}} | {{Tlx|Oppose}} |- | {{Strong oppose}} | {{Tlx|Strong oppose}} |- | {{Weak oppose}} | {{Tlx|Weak oppose}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Plus sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Added}} | {{Tlx|Added}} |- | {{Almost done}} | {{Tlx|Almost done}} |- | {{Likely}} | {{Tlx|Likely}} |- | {{Support}} | {{Tlx|Support}} |- | {{Moral support}} | {{Tlx|Moral support}} |- | {{Strong support}} | {{Tlx|Strong support}} |- | {{Weak support}} | {{Tlx|Weak support}} |- | {{Works for me}} | {{Tlx|Works for me}} |- | {{Endorse}} | {{Tlx|Endorse}} |- | {{Inconclusive}} | {{Tlx|Inconclusive}} |- | {{Needupdating}} | {{Tlx|Needupdating}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Neutral sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Neutral}} | {{Tlx|Neutral}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Clock''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Delisted}} | {{Tlx|Delisted}} |- | {{Doing}} | {{Tlx|Doing}} |- | {{Inprogress}} | {{Tlx|Inprogress}} |- | {{OnHold}} | {{Tlx|OnHold}} |- | {{Running}} | {{Tlx|Running}} |- | {{Tobedone}} | {{Tlx|Tobedone}} |- | {{Waiting}} | {{Tlx|Waiting}} |- | {{Wait}} | {{Tlx|Wait}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Exclamation mark''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{TakeNote}} | {{Tlx|TakeNote}} |- | {{Clerknote}} | {{Tlx|Clerknote}} |- | {{Comment}} | {{Tlx|Comment}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Information mark''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Note2}} | {{Tlx|Note2}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Question mark''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Doubtful}} | {{Tlx|Doubtful}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Question}} | {{Tlx|Question}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{MoreInfo}} | {{Tlx|MoreInfo}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Not done for now}} | {{Tlx|Not done for now}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Qmark}} | {{Tlx|Qmark}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Bulb''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Bulb}} | {{Tlx|Bulb}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Smile''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Thank you}} | {{Tlx|Thank you}} |- | {{Thanks}} | {{Tlx|Thanks}} |} {| style="margin-bottom:1em;" |+ style="font-size:1.2em; text-align:left" | '''Thumb sign''' |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Thumbs up}} | {{Tlx|Thumbs up}} |- | style="width:15em;" | {{Like}} | {{Tlx|Like}} |} {{Div col end}} 4q2p8rltww92h0czkk85vl7rnnesr28 0 3611959 6699357 6698800 2025-07-01T12:21:22Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] 8oshggv8bw7cg7xx69eqgvjtdxlgo1v 6699358 6699357 2025-07-01T12:21:34Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] iwhkg129mid6y5mih8ayz7kxjkw1awk 6699359 6699358 2025-07-01T12:22:02Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] cplbflybor8xyv88sg75mz3jlxzi2aq 6699361 6699359 2025-07-01T12:23:12Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] cqy6tr2zwqzf0qq7t0chlsk4vnkteog 6699363 6699361 2025-07-01T12:24:17Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] mejgk30n505hdslzg2m7jl4pcz8auyq 6699366 6699363 2025-07-01T12:25:50Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] dfriwjnm32n27iw8b8wx3rfofuphkq2 6699370 6699366 2025-07-01T12:27:42Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । एकर अनुसार शब्दादि विषयणी बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग के स्वभाव वाला बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग वाला स्वभाव वाला होवे के चलते उपचार से कम कहल जा है । अर्थात् आत्मा बुद्धि के द्वारा विषय सब के भोगैत सुख के अनुभव करऽ है । जे सुख है, सामान्य रूप से ओही काम है । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] ijxjmzlbw2czy6uku26qwb5s4g392bb 6699371 6699370 2025-07-01T12:28:00Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । एकर अनुसार शब्दादि विषयणी बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग के स्वभाव वाला बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग वाला स्वभाव वाला होवे के चलते उपचार से कम कहल जा है । अर्थात् आत्मा बुद्धि के द्वारा विषय सब के भोगैत सुख के अनुभव करऽ है । जे सुख है, सामान्य रूप से ओही काम है । ==मोक्ष== ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] afp9e1lbpt8h00kqw6lg0ew6vg35hnj 6699372 6699371 2025-07-01T12:28:12Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । एकर अनुसार शब्दादि विषयणी बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग के स्वभाव वाला बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग वाला स्वभाव वाला होवे के चलते उपचार से कम कहल जा है । अर्थात् आत्मा बुद्धि के द्वारा विषय सब के भोगैत सुख के अनुभव करऽ है । जे सुख है, सामान्य रूप से ओही काम है । ==मोक्ष== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|मोक्ष}} ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] 2deasgbf2wt3debh3gifdy69z3i5arr 6699373 6699372 2025-07-01T12:29:08Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । एकर अनुसार शब्दादि विषयणी बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग के स्वभाव वाला बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग वाला स्वभाव वाला होवे के चलते उपचार से कम कहल जा है । अर्थात् आत्मा बुद्धि के द्वारा विषय सब के भोगैत सुख के अनुभव करऽ है । जे सुख है, सामान्य रूप से ओही काम है । ==मोक्ष== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|मोक्ष}} आत्मा के अमर कहल गेलै हे । ई एक नित्य अनादि तत्व है जे बन्धन अथवा मुक्ति (मोक्ष) के अवस्था मे रहऽ है । बद्ध अवस्था मे एकरा अपन कर्म के अनुसार एही जन्म अथवा अगला जन्म मे कर्मफल भोगे पड़ऽ है । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] mpnai6f8buwg499po6hp9liyir7tu0u 6699375 6699373 2025-07-01T12:30:12Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । एकर अनुसार शब्दादि विषयणी बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग के स्वभाव वाला बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग वाला स्वभाव वाला होवे के चलते उपचार से कम कहल जा है । अर्थात् आत्मा बुद्धि के द्वारा विषय सब के भोगैत सुख के अनुभव करऽ है । जे सुख है, सामान्य रूप से ओही काम है । ==मोक्ष== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|मोक्ष}} आत्मा के अमर कहल गेलै हे । ई एक नित्य अनादि तत्व है जे बन्धन अथवा मुक्ति (मोक्ष) के अवस्था मे रहऽ है । बद्ध अवस्था मे एकरा अपन कर्म के अनुसार एही जन्म अथवा अगला जन्म मे कर्मफल भोगे पड़ऽ है । मनुष्य के इलावा सब शरीर मात्र भोग योनि है, मानव शरीर कर्म योनि है । योगी सद्गुरु के मार्गनिर्देशन मे ’विकर्म’ द्वारा अपन शुभ-अशुभ कर्म सब से ऊपर उठ जा है आउ शरीर रहतहीं परमात्मा के प्राप्ति कर ले है । एकरे योग (आत्मा एवं परमात्मा के मिलन) कहल गेलै हे । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] jun4tdmtd0vjj2cgp59dcea9joyk4ez 6699376 6699375 2025-07-01T12:31:28Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पुरुषार्थ''' से तात्पर्य [[Wp/mag/मानव|मानव]] के लक्ष्य या उद्देश्य से है ('पुरुषैर्थ्यते इति पुरुषार्थः') । पुरुषार्थ = पुरुष+अर्थ =पुरुष के तात्पर्य विवेक सम्पन्न मनुष्य से है अर्थात् विवेकशील मनुष्य के लक्ष्य के प्राप्तिए पुरुषार्थ है । प्रायः मनुष्य ला [[Wp/mag/वेद|वेद]] मे चार '''पुरुषार्थ''' के नाम लेल गेलै हे - [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], [[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] । एही से ई सब के 'पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयो' कहल जा है । महर्षि [[Wp/mag/मनु|मनु]] पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के प्रतिपादक हथिन । [[Wp/mag/चार्वाक दर्शन|चार्वाक दर्शन]] खाली दुए पुरुषार्थ के मान्यता दे है- अर्थ आउ काम । ऊ धर्म आउ मोक्ष के न मानै । [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायनो]] मनु के पुरुषार्थ-चतुष्टय के समर्थक हथिन। किन्तु ऊ मोक्ष आउ परलोक के अपेक्षा धर्म, अर्थ, काम पर आधारित सांसारिक जीवन के सर्वोपरि मानऽ हथिन । [[Wp/mag/योगवासिष्ठ|योगवासिष्ठ]] के अनुसार सद्जन आउ [[Wp/mag/शास्त्र|शास्त्र]] के उपदेश अनुसार चित्त के विचरणे पुरुषार्थ कहला है । भारतीय संस्कृति मे ई चारो पुरूषार्थ के विशिष्ट स्थान रहलै हे । पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय के सिद्धान्त भारतीय संस्कृति के महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है । ई सिद्धान्त के संरचना भारत के ऋषि, मुनि आउ विद्वज्जन मानव-जीवन के आध्यात्मिक के दृष्टि मे रखके कैलन हल । वस्तुतः प्राचीनकाल के भारतीय विचारक मनुष्य के जीवन के आध्यात्मिक, भौतिक आउ नैतिक दृष्टि से उन्नत करे के निमित्त पुरुषार्थ के योजना कैलन हल । जीवन मे भौतिक सुख के साथे-साथे आध्यात्मिको सुख महत्त्वपूर्ण मानल गेलै हे । वस्तुतः भौतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक दुनो जीवन परस्पर सम्बद्ध है । धर्म अर्थ काम ई तीनो पुरुषार्थ के बेस नियन कर लेवहीं से मोक्ष के प्राप्ति सहज हो जा है ।<ref>[https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/71655/1/Unit-28.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय]</ref> ==धर्म== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|धर्म}} प्राचीनेकाल मे भारतीय मनीषि [[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] के वैज्ञानिक ढंग से बुझे के प्रयत्न कैलन हल । धर्म के विवेचन करैत खनी समझावल गेलै है कि धर्म ऊ है जेकरा से अभ्युदय आउ निःश्रेयस के सिद्धि होवे- : ''यतो अभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः । (कणाद, वैशेषिकसूत्र, १.१.२) 'अभ्युदय' से लौकिक उन्नति के एवं 'निःश्रेयस' से पारलौकिक उन्नति एवं कल्याण के बोध होवऽ है । अर्थात् जीवन के ऐहिक आउ पारलौकिक दुनो पक्ष से धर्म के जोड़ल गेलै हल । धर्म के एकरा से अधिक उदार परिभाषा आउ का हो सकऽ है? धर्म शब्द के अर्थ अत्यन्त गहन आउ विशाल है । एकर अन्तर्गत मानव जीवन के उच्चतम विकास के साधन आउ नियम के समावेश होवऽ है । धर्म कौनो उपासना पद्घति न होके एक विराट आउ विलक्षण जीवन-पद्घति है । ई देखावा न, दर्शन है । ई प्रदर्शन न, प्रयोग है । ई चिकित्सा है मनुष्य के आधि, व्याधि, उपाधि से मुक्त करके सार्थक जीवन तक पहुँचावे के । ई स्वयं द्वारा स्वयं के खोज है । धर्म, ज्ञान आउ आचरण के खिड़की खोलऽ है । धर्म, आदमी के पशुता से मानवता दने प्रेरित करऽ है । अनुशासन के अनुसार चलल धर्म है । हृदय के पवित्रते धर्म के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । धर्म के सार जीवन मे संयम के होएल है । ==अर्थ== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|अर्थ}} : ''मनुष्याणां वृत्तिः अर्थः । ([[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|कौटिल्यीय अर्थशास्त्र]]) : अर्थात् जौनो विचार आउ क्रिया भौतिक जीवन से सम्बन्धित है ओकरा 'अर्थ' के संज्ञा देल गेलै हे । धर्म के बाद दोसरा स्थान अर्थ के है । अर्थ बिन, धन बिन संसार के कार्य चलहीं न सकऽ हे । जीवन के प्रगति के आधारे धन है । उद्योग-धन्धा, व्यापार, कृषि आदि सब कार्य के निमित्त धन के आवश्यकता होवऽ है । एही न, धार्मिक कार्य, प्रचार, [[Wp/mag/अनुष्ठान|अनुष्ठान]] आदि सब धने के बल पर चलऽ है । अर्थोपार्जन मनुष्य के पवित्र कर्त्तव्य है । एही से ऊ प्रकृति के विपुल सम्पदा के अपन आउ सब समाजो ला प्रयोग कर सकऽ है आउ ओकरा संवर्द्धित आउ सम्पुष्टो । पर एकरा ला धर्माचरण के ठोस आधार आवश्यक है । धर्म से विमुख होके अर्थोपार्जन मे संलग्न मनुष्य एक दने त प्राकृतिक सम्पदा के विवेकहीन दोहन करके संसार के पर्यावरण सन्तुलत के नष्ट करऽ है आउ दोसरा दने अपन क्षणिक लाभ से दिग्भ्रमित होके अपन आउ समाज ला अनेकानेक रोग आउ कष्ट के जन्म दे है । धर्मे हमनी के ई मार्ग सुझैलकै हे कि प्रकृति से, समाज से हमनी जेतना लेलिऐ हे, अर्थोपार्जन करैत ओकरा से अधिक वापिस करे के सदैव प्रयासरत रही । शास्त्र अर्थ के मानव के सुख-सुविधा के मूल मानकै हे । धर्मो के मूल, अर्थ है (चाणक्यसूत्र १/२) । सुख प्राप्त करे ला सब अर्थ के कामना करऽ हथिन । एही से आचार्य कौटिल्य त्रिवर्ग मे अर्थ के प्रधान मानित एकरा धर्म आउ काम के मूल कहलन हे । भूमि, धन, पशु, मित्र, विद्या, कला आउ कृषि सब अर्थ के श्रेणी मे आवऽ है । इनकर संख्या निश्चित कैल सम्भव न है काहेकि ई मानव जीवन के आवश्यकता पर निर्भर करऽ है । मनुष्य स्वभावतः कामना प्रधान होवऽ है, एहु कहल गलत न होतै कि ऊ कामनामय होवऽ है । ई सब कामना के पूर्ति के एक मात्र साधन अर्थ है । आचार्य वात्स्यायन 'अर्थ' के परिभाषित करैत विद्या, सोना, चान्दी, धन, धान्य गृहस्थी के सामान, मित्र के अर्जन एवं जे कुछ प्राप्त होलै हे या अर्जित होलै हे ओकर वर्धन सब अर्थ है । (''विद्या भूमि हिरण्य पशुधान्य भाण्डोपस्कर मित्त्रादि नामार्जन मर्जितस्य विवर्धनमर्थः ।)<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |title='''अर्थ''' - द्वितीय पुरुषार्थ के रूप में |access-date=21 जून 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621074554/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/190407/7/07chapter.%20iii.pdf |archive-date=21 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==काम== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|काम}} [[Wp/mag/महर्षि वात्स्यायन|महर्षि वात्स्यायन]] के अनुसार, : ''श्रोत्रत्ववच्क्षुर्जिह्वा घ्राणानामात्म संयुक्ते नमन साधिष्ठितानां स्वेषु स्वेषु विषयेष्वानुकूल्यतः प्रवृतिः कामः । : ''स्पर्शविशेषविषयात्तवस्यामिमानिकसुखानुविद्धा । फलवत्यर्थप्रलीतिःप्राधान्यात्कामःतंकामसूत्रान्नगरिकजनसमवियच्च प्रतिपद्येत । : ''एषां समवाये पूर्वः पूर्वो मरियान् अर्थस्व राज्ञः । तन्मूलवाल्लोकयात्रायाः। वेश्यायाश्वेतित्रिवर्गप्रतिपत्तिः । अर्थात् काम ज्ञान के माध्यम के उल्लेख करैत कहल गेलै हे कि आत्मा से संयुक्त मन से अधिष्ठित तत्व, चक्षु, जिव्हा, एवं घ्राण आउ इन्द्री के साथे अपन अपन विषय - शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस गन्ध मे अनुकूल रूप से प्रवृत्ति ‘काम’ है । इसके अलावा स्पर्श से प्राप्त अभिमानिक सुख के साथ अनुबद्ध फलव्रत अर्थ प्रीतति काम कहलाता है। एकर इलावा अर्थ, धर्म आउ काम के तुलनात्मक श्रेष्ठता के प्रतिपादन करैत कहल गेलै हे कि त्रिवर्ग समुदाय मे पर से पूर्व श्रेष्ठ है । काम से श्रेष्ठ अर्थ है आउ अर्थ से श्रेष्ठ धर्म है । किन्तु व्यक्ति व्यक्ति के अनुसार ई अलग-अलग होवऽ है । माध्वाचार्य के अनुसार विषयभेद के अनुसार काम दु प्रकार के होवऽ है । एकरा मे से प्रथम के सामान्य काम कहल जा है । जखनी आत्मा के शाब्दिक विषय के भोगे के इच्छा होवऽ है त ऊ समय आत्मा के प्रयत्न गुण उत्पन्न होवऽ है । अर्थात् आत्मा सर्वप्रथम मन से संयुक्त होवऽ है आउ मन विषय सब से । स्रोत, त्वच, चक्षु, जिव्हा आउ ध्राण इन्द्रिय के क्रमशः स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध मे प्रवृत्त होवऽ है । काम के ई प्रकृति मे न्याय वैशेषिक मत अधिक झलकऽ है । एकर अनुसार शब्दादि विषयणी बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग के स्वभाव वाला बुद्धिए विषय सब के भोग वाला स्वभाव वाला होवे के चलते उपचार से कम कहल जा है । अर्थात् आत्मा बुद्धि के द्वारा विषय सब के भोगैत सुख के अनुभव करऽ है । जे सुख है, सामान्य रूप से ओही काम है । ==मोक्ष== {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|मोक्ष}} आत्मा के अमर कहल गेलै हे । ई एक नित्य अनादि तत्व है जे बन्धन अथवा मुक्ति (मोक्ष) के अवस्था मे रहऽ है । बद्ध अवस्था मे एकरा अपन कर्म के अनुसार एही जन्म अथवा अगला जन्म मे कर्मफल भोगे पड़ऽ है । मनुष्य के इलावा सब शरीर मात्र भोग योनि है, मानव शरीर कर्म योनि है । योगी सद्गुरु के मार्गनिर्देशन मे ’विकर्म’ द्वारा अपन शुभ-अशुभ कर्म सब से ऊपर उठ जा है आउ शरीर रहतहीं परमात्मा के प्राप्ति कर ले है । एकरे योग (आत्मा एवं परमात्मा के मिलन) कहल गेलै हे । अब ऊ अकर्म के स्थिति मे है आउ ई शरीर मे प्राप्त प्रारब्ध भोग के समाप्त कर लेवे के बाद ऊ अपन शरीर से विदेहमुक्त हो जा है । ओकरा अब नया जन्म न लेवे पड़ै, ऊ बन्धन से मुक्त हो जा है । मोक्ष के प्राप्त कर लेलहीं आत्मा के मुख्य उद्देश्य है जे कि मानव जीवन के सबसे बड़ उपलब्धि है । ==एकरो देखथिन== *[[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]] आउ [[Wp/mag/धर्मशास्त्र|धर्मशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]] आउ [[Wp/mag/अर्थशास्त्र (ग्रन्थ)|अर्थशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/काम|काम]] आउ [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] *[[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181300/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Srw6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल आधार - पुरुषार्थ चतुष्ठय] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - आशीष कुमार) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134352/http://www.hindigaurav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=646:2011-04-14-12-27-28&catid=17:2011-02-27-10-33-29&Itemid=19 चार पुरुषार्थ को जानें] (हिन्दी गौरव) *[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180269/5/05_chapter%202.pdf पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दुधर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag/हिन्दु दर्शन]] 1abr6g28a2fe850lnml0evrf41g748i 3 3611972 6699569 6698346 2025-07-01T17:52:52Z Svartava 2575911 Svartava moved page [[User talk:Neurofitoterapia]] to [[User talk:Espadachim reluzente]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Neurofitoterapia|Neurofitoterapia]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Espadachim reluzente|Espadachim reluzente]]" 6698346 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 16:47, 29 June 2025 (UTC) hsj7w9uqq8qvvmkkg2kwod0fsmue4yf 0 3611976 6699613 6698358 2025-07-01T21:30:30Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699613 wikitext text/x-wiki = Flow (ulinkwikwil, 2024) = [[File:Flow Blender splash cropped.png|thumb]] Flow (tik ne tajtaketzalis inglés : '''''Tepeyat''''') ulinkwikwil Letoniachanej. Kisashki ne shiwit 2024. == Ne casoj == Se tiltik mistun itukey "Cat" kipia se kal ka kwawital. Ka nujme ne tanestuk kishtemua taiwan wan kiajsik se michin. Sejse pejpelu mutaluat ka ipan Cat. Nemanha, se tultik pelu Labrador Retriever muchiwa ichaku Cat. Musta, ne tsunami talishkupini wan keman Cat tajtachia, nemi wey at. Cat wan Dog te mikik wan anmutunal nemi tik ne barco iwan Capybara, Lémur wan Bird. Whale, ka at, kinpalewia Cat wan ichajchakuwan. Muchi nemi pal mumachtiat ken kipalewiat kajkalchanej wan kojkojtanchanej. == Kaj Kichiwki Flow ? == * Weyakulinkwikwiltuktiani : Gints Zilbalodis * Sonchiwani : Gints Zilbalodis wan Rihards Zaļupe * Kwikwilnaj : Léo Silly-Pélissier wan Gints Zilbalodis wan Konstantins Višņevskis wan Mārtiņš Upītis == Ipanpa Itajtakulis == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shiwit !Takulis |- |2024 |Takulis Cine Europachanej |- |2024 |Festival Internacional de Cine de Animación tik ne techan Annecy |- |2024 |Festival internacional de Cine tik ne techan Guadalajara |- |2025 |Takulis Oscar |- |2025 |Takulis Globo de Oro |- |2025 |Takulis César |- |2025 |Takulis Itunal Independiente (Independent Spirit Awards) |- |2025 |Takulis Lumières |} == Ipanpa Uni == # https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(pel%C3%ADcula_de_2024) # https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4772188/ # https://flow.movie/ # https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2025 i00dj68b7nbo1z71zudslsgju9a6kl3 0 3612006 6699634 6698613 2025-07-01T22:15:59Z TimumachtikanNawat 2586780 6699634 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maria del Carmen Millán Acevedo..jpg|alt=Maria del Carmen Millán Acevedo. Nacida en el Pueblo Mágico de Teziutlán, Puebla.|thumb|La crítica e historiadora María del Carmen Francisca Millán Acevedo nació el 3 de diciembre de 1914 en Teziutlán, Puebla; de padres comerciantes, fue la mayor de seis hermanos.]] '''María del Carmen Millán Acevedo kaj tiktukeytiat Carmen Millan.''' María del Carmen Millán Acevedo nesik se tunal yey pal ne metzti majtakti ume tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti majtakti nawi tik ne techan Teziutlán. kuetashkuapan takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Meshiku. Yaja se wey siwat tamachtiani, siwat tawawasuani, katka. '''Ne itekiw: tay kichiwki?''' Yaja kichiwki miak ajamachti: Se. - Ne amatchi itukey “El paisaje sinfónico: introducción a la poesía de Manuel José Othón”, ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual majtakti se (1951). Ume. - Ne amatchi itukey” El paisaje de la poesía mexicana”, ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual majtakti ume (1952). Yey. - Ne amachti itukey “Índices de "El Domingo", revista literaria mexicana,” ne shiwit se shikipil chikwey tzunti yey pual majtakti se (1871) ne shiwit se shikipil chikwey tzunti yey pual majtakti yey (1873), ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual kashtul nawi (1959). Nawi. - Ne amachti itukey “Literatura mexicana”, ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual yey (1963). Makwil. - Ne amachti itukey “Diccionario de escritores mexicanos, coordinadora (redactores Aurora M. Ocampo y Ernesto Prado Velázquez), ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual chikwey (1968). [[File:Catedral del municipio de Teziutlán, Puebla. Autor de fotografia Cirilo Hernández de la Luz..jpg|thumb|Catedral del municipio de Teziutlán, Puebla. Autor de fotografia Cirilo Hernández de la Luz.]] '''Kimakaket miak tajtakulis ken:''' Se. - Ordre des Palmes Académiques otorgadas por el gobierno de Francia ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual (1963). Ume. - Miembro de la Southwestern Consul of Latin America Studies, ne shiwit se shikipil yey pual chiknawi (1969). Yey. - Miembro correspondiente de The Spanish Society of America, ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual majtakti se (1971). Nawi. - Miembro de número de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti yey pual majtakti nawi (1974). '''Ne ichtaka itunal:''' Ne inan itukey katka Maria Acevedo Hernández yaja se Teziutlánchanej katka. Wan ne iteku itukey katka Pompello Millan Vargas. Yaja se Teziutlánchanej katka. Yaja mumachtij tik ne tamachtiluyan Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Wan mumachtij pal muchiwki se tamachtiani wan tatuktiani tik ne wey tamachtiluyan Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) wan kiski tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual (1940). Yaja tekitki ken se tamachtiani wan tatuktiani tik tamachtiluyan intzajtzalan ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti ume pual se (1941) wan se shikipil chiknawi tzunti nawi pual ume (1982) tik ne italyu Meshiku. Yaja mikik se tunal se pal ne metzti chiknawi tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti nawi pual ume (1982). Tamij iijiu tik ne techan Meshiku, takutun ipal tutakyu tik ne italyu Meshiku. [[Category:Wp/ppl]] 1yhjnq9373wkevv9xpn5gyshiijnhyu 0 3612012 6699609 6698640 2025-07-01T20:58:52Z Samuel E López 2604843 bibliografía 6699609 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Schafik Jorge Hándal Hándal''' == (arabej: شفيق جورج حنضل; ) kaj tiktukeytiat Shafik Handal. yaja nesik se tunal majtakti nawi pal ne metzti chikwey tik ne shiwit se shikpil chiknawi tzunti se pual majtakti tik Usulután wan mikik se tunal se pual nawi tik ne shiwit se shikipil chiknawi tzunti chikwasen tik ne kaltepuspatani ka Comalapa, [[Wp/ppl/Kuskatan|Kuskatan]]. Yaja se wey tatuktiani kuskatanchianej katka wan inan wan iteku tinemiket Palestinachianej pal Belén. == itekiw == Tay kichiwtuk? Yaja mutekitilia wan yaja ne tatuktiani katka iwan FMLN ishtikaya. Yaja pewak tik 1973 wan tamik itekiw tik 1994, yaka tawawasuani katka pal PCES. Yaja gustuj nejmachnemi katka wan kikajsik se tatuktiani tesu taksa italyu. Neman Handal kitak tay kishpata ne tatuktiani kajaya tesu kichia kia né iwan ne itapalewis. Tik 1970 wan 1980, yaja kimuchiwa wan kikalaki se yawal iwan 5 yultaketzalis pal pewa Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional (FMLN) == Itunal ichtaka == Ne inan wan iteku katka Palestinachej. Yejemet senhajsiket ka Kuskatan pal Belen. Shakif kipia se ikunew itukey Jorge Hándal == Ipanpa ini == [[Wp/ppl/Kuskatan]] == Ijilpika == https://www.all4palestine.org/ModelDetails.aspx?gid=13&mid=2607&lang=en https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schafik_H%C3%A1ndal https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/feb/17/guardianobituaries.world [[Category:Wp/ppl]] 1dqsz8zjm6osx5mfydk66x686ip4u73 0 3612013 6699616 6698636 2025-07-01T21:41:20Z Samuel E López 2604843 marina 6699616 wikitext text/x-wiki == Marina Manzanares == kaj tiktukeytiat Mariposa. Yaja nesik ne metzti chikwey tik ne shiwit se shikpil chiknawi tzunti ne ume pual kashtul ume tik San Miguel. Rosa Marina wan Lotze muichtakanamiktijket, Yejemet nemit tik Inglaterra an. Yaja se wey tatuktiani kuskatanchianej katka wan inan wan iteku tinemiket Palestinachianej pal Belén. == itekiw == Mariposa kijiu pal ne tepustajtaketzalis Farabundo Marti kan yultaketza uni tesu yejka yek katka. Yaja kinak "niu-nimueltilinia keman nikneki nimusuma" Mariposa kiwawasua tajtakwikalis, yaja ne tawawasuani wan kenhayuk ne takwikani wan kitakwikalia Kuskatan == Itunal ichtaka == Ne tamiktiani kimiktik inan wan iteku tik Suchitoto tik kichan. == Ipanpa ini == == Ijilpika == https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6763865 https://www.elsalvadorperspectives.com/2007/07/two-sets-of-killings-one-year-later.html sevpbpvap8ptm6vcjz8hl6azaunoo61 0 3612067 6699368 6698902 2025-07-01T12:26:56Z Kys-yaponiya 2607522 6699368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anthem of the Chuvashia.ogg|thumb|ちちゅん]] '''チュヴァシ共和国ぬ国歌'''（[[チュヴァシ口]]: Тӑван ҫӗршыв）ー、[[Wp/ryu/ロシア|ロシア連邦]][[チュヴァシ共和国]]ぬ国歌やい、1997年しちぐゎち1日に制定さったん。「'''母国'''」んでぃんゆばりーん。 == 歌詞 == === チュヴァシ口 === Ҫурхи тӗнче вӑраннӑ чух, Хаваслӑ кун шӑраннӑ чух, Чун савӑнать: чӗре сикет, Ҫӗршывӑм ҫинчен юрлас килет. <small>'''Хушса юрламалли:'''</small> 𝄆 Тӑван ҫӗршыв, 𝄇 Асран кайми юратнӑ ҫӗршыв. 𝄆 Тӑван ҫӗршыв, 𝄇 Мухтав сана, ҫуралнӑ ҫӗршыв! Яшсем–херсем вылянӑ чух, Атте–анне ӑс панӑ чух, Чун савӑнать, чӗре сикет, Татах та нумай пурнас килет. <small>'''Хушса юрламалли'''</small> Тӑвансемпе пӗрлешнӗ чух, Чӑваш тӗнчи ҫӗкленнӗ чух, Чун савӑнать: чӗре сикет, Татах та хастар пулас килет. <small>'''Хушса юрламалли'''</small> === うちなーぐち訳 === しけーぬ春ぬ目覚んかいちーちち、 しぇーうぇーやる日、歌いるとぅち、 まぶやーやゆるくび、ちもーうぅどぅい、 母国にちいてぃ歌ら！ '''くいけーし''' 𝄆 母国、𝄇 わったーがいっぺーしちやる国！ 𝄆 母国、𝄇 栄光あり、母国！ 国ぬわらびぬ旅立ちゅるとぅち、 未来うやぎーるとぅち、 まぶやーやゆるくび、ちもーうぅどぅい、 くぬ地っしちょーみーさ！ '''くいけーし''' やーにんじゅとぅまじゅんうぅるとぅち、 わったーがチュヴァシェー豊かやい、 まぶやーやゆるくび、ちもーうぅどぅい、 くぬ地っしちょーみーさ！ '''くいけーし''' == 出典 == [[Category:Wp/ryu]] {{INTERWIKI|Q966075}} aelvzoln4e5k0ce2ra2uyya82aq90t0 10 3612069 6699479 6698908 2025-07-01T15:44:57Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699479 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}} wq/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wq/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wq/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wq/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wq/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wq/syl/Resbox|demo=y}} {{wq/syl/Documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --></noinclude> 7cq4yd4zjlg066lkct7zvcezgwnd403 0 3612074 6699333 6698942 2025-07-01T12:03:54Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699333 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nawaprūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze miksiskasmu wīrdan [[Wt/prg/Abstinent|Abstinent]] === Iztarisnā === IPAː /abstineːnts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Zmūi, kas nikaddan ni pūja alkuhōlin === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |abstinēnts | align="left" |abstinēntei |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |abstinēntis | align="left" |abstinēntin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |abstinēnti | align="left" |abstinēntimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |abstinēntin | align="left" |abstinēntins |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/teetotaller|teetotaller]] * laītawiskanː [[Wt/prg/abstinentas|abstinentas]] * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/abstinents|abstinents]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/трезвенник|трезвенник]] * miksiskanː [[Wt/prg/Abstinent|Abstinent]] * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/abstynent|abstynent]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 50iazy7zd42gamfx2f7nju3wdllqacd 6699342 6699333 2025-07-01T12:10:21Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699342 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze miksiskasmu wīrdan [[Wt/prg/Abstinent|Abstinent]] === Iztarisnā === IPAː /abstineːnts/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Zmūi, kas nikaddan ni pūja alkuhōlin === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |abstinēnts | align="left" |abstinēntei |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |abstinēntis | align="left" |abstinēntin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |abstinēnti | align="left" |abstinēntimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |abstinēntin | align="left" |abstinēntins |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/teetotaller|teetotaller]] * laītawiskanː [[Wt/prg/abstinentas|abstinentas]] * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/abstinents|abstinents]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/трезвенник|трезвенник]] * miksiskanː [[Wt/prg/Abstinent|Abstinent]] * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/abstynent|abstynent]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] ai21cqggx7jgpywtiwyy6rdoqmkvhdh 0 3612075 6699360 6698955 2025-07-01T12:22:25Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699360 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze prūsiskamans wīrdans [[Wt/prg/wūrs|wūrs]] + [[Wt/prg/buwīs|buwīs]] === Iztarisnā === IPAː /ʋurbuʋi:s/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # Ainuntkawīdses tāutas pirmas buwīntajs === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |wurbuwīs | align="left" |wurbuwijjai |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |wurbuwijjas | align="left" |wurbuwijjan |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |wurbuwijju | align="left" |wurbuwijmans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |wurbuwijjan | align="left" |wurbuwijjans |} === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskanː [[Wt/prg/autochthon|autochthon]] * laītawiskanː [[Wt/prg/aborigenas|aborigenas]] * lattawiskanː [[Wt/prg/aborigēns|aborigēns]] * maskōwitiskanː [[Wt/prg/автохтон|автохтон]] * miksiskanː [[Wt/prg/Ureinwohner|Ureinwohner]] * pōliskanː [[Wt/prg/autochton|autochton]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] q9azjhopfw6xoeq7wj0y8jj303eq5m5 0 3612116 6699645 6699300 2025-07-01T23:37:45Z Snovid 2607632 6699645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lěši''', takože '''lěsovik''', '''lěšak''' ili '''borovik''', jest lěsny duh v slovjanskoj mitologiji i jedin iz najpopularnějših jej personažej. Gospod lěsa i opekun vsih jego žiteljev. == Etimologija == Ime '''lěšego''' jest nerazryvno svezano s samim lěsom. Formujemo dodavanjem posesivnogo sufiksa, proizhodi od praslovjanskogo *''lěsъ'' i, dalje, od praindoevropejskogo ''*leh₁sos'' ("lěs, gaj"), od ktorogo takože pragermansko ''*lāsu'' i zato anglijsko ''lease'' ("pastvišče"). Totožnym razom jest formirovano ime '''borovik''', že od ''*borъ'' i, dalje, ''*bʰorus'' ("iglasty/hvojny lěs") i zato jest kognatom staroskandinavskogo ''bǫrr'' (tip drěva)''.'' == Oblik == Lěši često izgledaje kako starec s dolgoju borodoju (časom zelenoju) i vo vyvračenoj naopak odědži, s lěvoju obuvju na pravoj nogě, a jego oči sut zeleny i goret kako vugolj. Poněkogda može imati palku ili pušku. Lice može siněti, zato že krv imaje nebesku. Jego rast silno razni se i zavisi od okolic. V jedin moment on jest tojže vyšiny, že same vysoke drěva; v iny moment on skryvaje se medžu jagod. Jestli on togo želaje, može obračati se vo vsekago zvěra ili rastlinu, že sut v jego lěsu, prijeti oblik pokojnogo člověka, a takože stati vihrom i napravjati se po lěsu s nepravdopodobnoju bystrostju. Često lěši imaje oblik "himery", objedinjajučej oznaky različnyh zvěrev. Lěši jest molčalivy, no glasny. Hot on govori velmi rědko, može naslědovati glasa zvěrev i šum větra, pěvati bez slov (takože zvučno, kako lěs v burju) i rukopleskati, jednako zamolkaje tutčas, kogda uslyši pěvanje kokota. Imaje lěši i rodinu: suprugu ('''lěšačiha''', '''lěšuha''') i dětij ('''lěšeneta'''). == Nrav == V narodnoj věrě lěši kaprizny, ale, v cělom, nejtralny duh. Hot on i ljubi zle směšky, omal nikogda ne gubi ljudev bez osoblivoj na to pričiny. Lěši često zaměšivaje pute i pogružaje oči putnikov vo mglu, daby zabluditi jih v lěsu zaradi směha ili pomsty za činjenje zla lěsu i jego žiteljam. Osoblivo on ne ljubi drěvorubov i tih lovcev, že lovet v jego vlastničstvah bez darovanja žrtv. Dětam i tym ljudam, že odnoset se k lěsu s považanjem, lěši pomogaje znajdti věrnu stežku do bogatoj gribnoj ili jagodnoj poljany, napravjaje zabludivših do jihnego domu, zagonjaje divinu na lovca. 4-go že čisla desetogo měseca lěši jest osoblivo zly i v tuty denj seljani ne smějut stupati do lěsa. Lěši jest teritorialny duh i čti granice s inymi lěšimi i borovikami (odroda lěših, že obyvaje v iglastyh lěsah), a takože svojimi pobratimami [[Wp/isv/Poljevy (mitologija)|poljevymi]], že sut na poljanah i lukah. Ne hodi lěši i do sel, daby ne spirati se s [[Wp/isv/Domovik (mitologija)|domovikami]] i [[Wp/isv/Bannik (mitologija)|bannikami]], osoblivo do tyh sel, kde sut "dvuoči" psi (psi s dvoma pljamami nad očami), tricvětne kotky, i kde pěvajut črny kokoty. V něktoryh věrjenjah lěši sut zakoreněli kartovi igroky. Ljudi povezyvajut masovu migraciju zvěrev (osoblivo zajecev i veveric) s tym, že jedin lěši jest proigral inomu v karty čest svojego iměnja. Tako, v 1859 godu, [[Wp/isv/Siberijski starožily|siberijski starožily]], povědali kako "russki lěši sut nadigrali siberijskyh, i zato siberjaky (siberijsky lěši) nyně gonut divinu iz tajgy črěz [[Toboljsk]] na [[Wp/isv/Uraljske gory|Uraljske gory]]". == Obredy == [[Category:Wp/isv]] 6i61hudariomqkstqaipr3t1cj9r59f 6699646 6699645 2025-07-02T01:13:21Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lěši''', takože '''lěsovik''', '''lěšak''' ili '''borovik''', jest lěsny duh v slovjanskoj mitologiji i jedin iz najpopularnějših jej personažej. Gospod lěsa i opekun vsih jego žiteljev. == Etimologija == Ime '''lěšego''' jest nerazryvno svezano s samim lěsom. Formujemo dodavanjem posesivnogo sufiksa, proizhodi od praslovjanskogo *''lěsъ'' i, dalje, od praindoevropejskogo ''*leh₁sos'' ("lěs, gaj"), od ktorogo takože pragermansko ''*lāsu'' i zato anglijsko ''lease'' ("pastvišče"). Totožnym razom jest formirovano ime '''borovik''', že od ''*borъ'' i, dalje, ''*bʰorus'' ("iglasty/hvojny lěs") i zato jest kognatom staroskandinavskogo ''bǫrr'' (tip drěva)''.'' == Oblik == Lěši često izgledaje kako starec s dolgoju borodoju (časom zelenoju) i vo obračenoj naopak odědži, s lěvoju obuvju na pravoj nogě, a jego oči sut zelene i goret kako vugolj. Poněkogda može imati palku ili pušku. Lice može siněti, zato že krv imaje nebesku. Jego rast silno razni se i zavisi od okolic. V jedin moment on jest tojže vyšiny, že same vysoke drěva; v iny moment on skryvaje se medžu jagod. Jestli on togo želaje, može obračati se vo vsekago zvěra ili rastlinu, že sut v jego lěsu, prijeti oblik pokojnogo člověka, a takože stati vihrom i napravjati se po lěsu s nepravdopodobnoju bystrostju. Često lěši imaje oblik "himery", objedinjajučej oznaky različnyh zvěrev. Lěši jest molčalivy, no glasny. Hot on govori velmi rědko, može naslědovati glasa zvěrev i šum větra, pěvati bez slov (takože zvučno, kako lěs v burju) i rukopleskati, jednako zamolkaje tutčas, kogda uslyši pěvanje kokota. Imaje lěši i rodinu: suprugu ('''lěšačiha''', '''lěšuha''') i dětij ('''lěšeneta'''). == Nrav == V narodnoj věrě lěši kaprizny, ale, v cělom, nejtralny duh. Hot on i ljubi zle směšky, omal nikogda ne gubi ljudev bez osoblivoj na to pričiny. Lěši često zaměšivaje pute i pogružaje oči putnikov vo mglu, daby zabluditi jih v lěsu zaradi směha ili pomsty za činjenje zla lěsu i jego žiteljam. Osoblivo on ne ljubi drěvorubov i tih lovcev, že lovet v jego vlastničstvah bez darovanja žrtv. Dětam i tym ljudam, že odnoset se k lěsu s považanjem, lěši pomogaje znajdti věrnu stežku do bogatoj gribnoj ili jagodnoj poljany, napravjaje zabludivših do jihnego domu, zagonjaje divinu na lovca. 4-go že čisla desetogo měseca lěši jest osoblivo zly i v tuty denj seljani ne smějut stupati do lěsa. Lěši jest teritorialny duh i čti granice s inymi lěšimi i borovikami (odroda lěših, že obyvaje v iglastyh lěsah), a takože svojimi pobratimami [[Wp/isv/Poljevy (mitologija)|poljevymi]], že sut na poljanah i lukah. Ne hodi lěši i do sel, daby ne spirati se s [[Wp/isv/Domovik (mitologija)|domovikami]] i [[Wp/isv/Bannik (mitologija)|bannikami]], osoblivo do tyh sel, kde sut "dvuoči" psi (psi s dvoma pljamami nad očami), trikolorne kotky, i kde pěvajut črny kokoty. V něktoryh věrjenjah lěši sut zakoreněli kartovi igrači. Ljudi povezyvajut masovu migraciju zvěrev (osoblivo zajecev i veveric) s tym, že jedin lěši jest proigral inomu v karty čest svojego iměnja. Tako, v 1859 godu, [[Wp/isv/Siberijski starožily|siberijski starožily]], povědali kako "russki lěši sut nadigrali siberijskyh, i zato siberjaky (siberijsky lěši) nyně gonut divinu iz tajgy črěz [[Toboljsk]] na [[Wp/isv/Uraljske gory|Uraljske gory]]". == Obredy == [[Category:Wp/isv]] pyn8b07vj7o0tlktvfid217z2wjjlrl 0 3612117 6699577 6699308 2025-07-01T19:31:32Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699577 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Ὀρέστεια''', τριλογία τραγῳδιῶν Ἑλληνικῶν, ὑπ’ Αἰσχύλου γραφείσα τῷ πέμπτῳ αἰῶνι πρὸ Χριστοῦ, διηγεῖται τόν τε ὑπὸ Κλυταιμήστρας φόνον τοῦ [[Wp/grc/Ἀγαμέμνων|Ἀγαμέμνονος]] καὶ τὸν ὑπ’ Ὀρέστου φόνον τῆς [[Wp/grc/Κλυταιμνήστρα|Κλυταιμήστρας]], τὴν τοῦ Ὀρέστου δίκην, τὴν λυομένην τῆς τῶν Ἀτρειδῶν οἰκίας κατάραν, καὶ τὴν εἰρήνευσιν τῶν Ἐρινύων, αἳ καὶ Εὐμενίδες καλοῦνται. Ἡ Ὀρέστεια ἐκ τριῶν δραμάτων σύγκειται — Ἀγαμέμνων, Χοηφόροι, Εὐμενίδες — καὶ δηλοῖ ὅτι οἱ θεοὶ τοῖς πράγμασι πάρεισι καὶ τὰς γνώμας αὐτῶν περὶ τῶν γιγνομένων καὶ τῶν διαφορῶν ἐμφαίνουσιν. Μόνη σῳζομένη τριλογία τοῦ ἀρχαίου Ἑλληνικοῦ θεάτρου οὖσα, ἡ Ὀρέστεια ἐνίκησε τοῖς Διονυσίοις τῷ τετρακοσιοστῷ πεντηκοστῷ ὀγδόῳ ἔτει πρὸ Χριστοῦ. Τὰ δὲ κύρια θέματα τῆς τριλογίας εἰσί· ἡ ἀντιπαράθεσις τοῦ ἀνταποδοτικοῦ φόνου πρὸς τὴν δικαιοσύνην, καὶ ἡ μεταβολὴ ἐκ τῆς ἰδίας τιμωρίας εἰς τὴν διὰ δικαστηρίου κρίσιν. Ἦν δὲ τῇ τριλογίᾳ καὶ σατυρικὸν δρᾶμα, ὁ Πρωτεύς, ὃ ἐδιδάσκετο μετὰ τὴν τραγικὴν τριλογίαν· ἀλλὰ τοῦτο, πλὴν ἑνὸς στίχου, παντελῶς ἀπόλωλεν. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q249769}} e6s04j86254tno88r0ft740duqdbk99 6699582 6699577 2025-07-01T19:35:04Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699582 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Ὀρέστεια''', τριλογία τραγῳδιῶν Ἑλληνικῶν, ὑπ’ Αἰσχύλου γραφείσα τῷ πέμπτῳ αἰῶνι πρὸ Χριστοῦ, διηγεῖται τόν τε ὑπὸ Κλυταιμήστρας φόνον τοῦ [[Wp/grc/Ἀγαμέμνων|Ἀγαμέμνονος]] καὶ τὸν ὑπ’ Ὀρέστου φόνον τῆς [[Wp/grc/Κλυταιμνήστρα|Κλυταιμήστρας]], τὴν τοῦ Ὀρέστου δίκην, τὴν λυομένην τῆς τῶν Ἀτρειδῶν οἰκίας κατάραν, καὶ τὴν εἰρήνευσιν τῶν Ἐρινύων, αἳ καὶ Εὐμενίδες καλοῦνται. Ἡ Ὀρέστεια ἐκ τριῶν δραμάτων σύγκειται — Ἀγαμέμνων, Χοηφόροι, Εὐμενίδες — καὶ δηλοῖ ὅτι οἱ θεοὶ τοῖς πράγμασι πάρεισι καὶ τὰς γνώμας αὐτῶν περὶ τῶν γιγνομένων καὶ τῶν διαφορῶν ἐμφαίνουσιν. Μόνη σῳζομένη τριλογία τοῦ ἀρχαίου Ἑλληνικοῦ θεάτρου οὖσα, ἡ Ὀρέστεια ἐνίκησε τοῖς Διονυσίοις τῷ τετρακοσιοστῷ πεντηκοστῷ ὀγδόῳ ἔτει πρὸ Χριστοῦ. Τὰ δὲ κύρια θέματα τῆς τριλογίας εἰσί· ἡ ἀντιπαράθεσις τοῦ ἀνταποδοτικοῦ φόνου πρὸς τὴν δικαιοσύνην, καὶ ἡ μεταβολὴ ἐκ τῆς ἰδίας τιμωρίας εἰς τὴν διὰ δικαστηρίου κρίσιν. Ἦν δὲ τῇ τριλογίᾳ καὶ σατυρικὸν δρᾶμα, ὁ Πρωτεύς, ὃ ἐδιδάσκετο μετὰ τὴν τραγικὴν τριλογίαν· ἀλλὰ τοῦτο, πλὴν ἑνὸς στίχου, παντελῶς ἀπόλωλεν. [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Λογοτεχνία]] {{INTERWIKI|Q249769}} 0h7vd9yoz5wax0uex69yirb9uglupmv 0 3612118 6699578 6699237 2025-07-01T19:32:23Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heraclitus b 4 compressed.jpg|197px|right]] '''Ἡράκλειτος''', ἀκμάσας περὶ τὸ 500 π.Χ., ἦν φιλόσοφος τῶν πρὸ Σωκράτους, ἐξ Ἐφέσου πόλεως, ἥτις τότε ὑπὸ τῇ τῶν Περσῶν ἀρχῇ ἦν. Μεγάλην δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς περιόδοις τῆς δυτικῆς φιλοσοφίας, ἀρχαίας τε καὶ νεωτέρας, δύναμιν ἔσχε διὰ τὰ [[Wp/grc/Πλάτων|Πλάτωνος]], [[Wp/grc/Ἀριστοτέλης|Ἀριστοτέλους]], Ἑγέλου, Νίτσης, καὶ Ἑϊδεγγέρου συγγράμματα. Ἐλάχιστα ἡμῖν γνωστὰ ἐστὶ περὶ τοῦ βίου Ἡρακλείτου. Ἓν σύγγραμμα ἔγραψεν, οὗ μόνα θραύσματα σῴζεται. Ἤδη δὲ καὶ τοῖς παλαιοῖς ἡ παράδοξος αὐτοῦ φιλοσοφία, αἱ τῶν ὀνομάτων παιγνίαι, καὶ αἱ αἰνιγματώδεις χρησμῳδίαι τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν «ὁ Σκοτεινός» αὐτῷ ἔδοσαν. Ἐδόκει δὲ ὑπερήφανος τε καὶ μελαγχολικὸς εἶναι, μισάνθρωπος ὤν· ὅθεν «ὁ κλαίων φιλόσοφος» ἐκαλεῖτο, ἀντικρὺ τοῦ Δημοκρίτου, ὃς «ὁ γελῶν φιλόσοφος» ἐπεκλήθη. Κύριαι δὲ δόξαι Ἡρακλείτου εἰσὶν ἡ τῶν ἐναντίων ἕνωσις καὶ ὁ τῆς μεταβολῆς λόγος. Ἡράκλειτος γὰρ ἐνόμιζεν ἐν τῇ ἔριδι ἁρμονίαν καὶ δίκην ἐνεῖναι. Τὸν κόσμον ᾤετο ἀεὶ ῥεῖν, ἀεὶ «γίγνεσθαι», οὐδέποτε δὲ «εἶναι». Τοῦτο ἐφθέγξατο ἐν ρήμασιν, οἷον· «πάντα ῥεῖ»· «δὶς εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης». Αὕτη ἡ τοῦ μεταβάλλεσθαι ἀξίωσις ἀντιτίθεται τῇ τοῦ Παρμενίδου δόξῃ, ὃς ἓν ἀκίνητον «ὂν» εἶναι ἐπίστευεν. Πῦρ δὲ ᾤετο Ἡράκλειτος εἶναι τὴν ἀρχήν, τὸ πρῶτον στοιχεῖον τοῦ κόσμου. Ἐν τῷ ζητεῖν τὴν ἀρχήν, ἠκολούθησε τοῖς Μιλησίοις πρὸ αὐτοῦ· Θαλῆς μὲν γὰρ ὕδωρ, Ἀναξίμανδρος δὲ τὸ ἄπειρον, Ἀναξιμένης δὲ ἀέρα ἔφη εἶναι. Ἐπίστευε δὲ καὶ τὸν λόγον (εἴτε λέξιν, εἴτε διάνοιαν) τὸν κόσμον κοσμεῖν. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q41155}} fxvwnapoolo77kvjh73qo8xjm0flo9c 0 3612120 6699580 6699255 2025-07-01T19:32:59Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699580 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aristotele, organon, XIII secolo (bml, pluteo 11 sin 1) 01.jpg|197px|right]] Τὸ '''Ὄργανον''' ἐστὶν ἡ τῶν [[Wp/grc/Ἀριστοτέλης|Ἀριστοτέλους]] ἓξ πραγματειῶν περὶ τῆς λογικῆς καὶ διαλεκτικῆς συλλογή. Τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τοῦτο ὑπ' αὐτοῦ τῶν μαθητῶν, τῶν Περιπατητικῶν, ἐτέθη, οἳ πρὸς τοὺς Στωικοὺς ἀντείποντες ἔφασαν τὴν λογικὴν ὄργανον εἶναι τῆς φιλοσοφίας. Αὐτὸς μέντοι Ἀριστοτέλης οὐδέποτε τοῖς λογικοῖς αὑτοῦ συγγράμμασι ταύτην τὴν προσηγορίαν ἐπέθηκεν. Κατὰ δὲ τὸν Βαρθολομαῖον Σαντιλαῖρον, ἡ συλλογὴ αὕτη οὐ πρὸ τοῦ πεντεκαιδεκάτου αἰῶνος «Ὄργανον» ἐκλήθη. Αἱ δὲ πραγματεῖαι δοκοῦσιν εἰς ἓν τεῦχος συναχθῆναι κατὰ τοὺς χρόνους Ἀνδρονίκου τοῦ Ῥοδίου, ὑπὸ δὲ Βοηθίου εἰς τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων φωνὴν μετηνέχθησαν περὶ τὸν ἕκτον αἰῶνα. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q500930}} fwoct3wvq6zskus8as80gjbd5h6mneo 14 3612132 6699331 6699326 2025-07-01T11:59:35Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Blanked the page 6699331 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 3612134 6699334 2025-07-01T12:05:00Z Kys-yaponiya 2607522 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|thumb|トゥヴァ共和国ぬ国旗]] '''トゥヴァ共和国（'''[[トゥヴァ口:]] ''Тыва Республика、Tyva Respublika'''''）'''ー、[[ロシア連邦]]ぬ構成国。いれー[[アルタイ共和国]]とぅ[[ハカス共和国]]、にしぇー[[クラスノヤルスク地方]]、北東ー[[イルクーツク州]]とぅ[[ブリヤート共和国]]、ふぇーや[[Wp/ryu/モンゴル国|モンゴル]]とぅ国境接ちょー..." 6699334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|thumb|トゥヴァ共和国ぬ国旗]] '''トゥヴァ共和国（'''[[トゥヴァ口:]] ''Тыва Республика、Tyva Respublika'''''）'''ー、[[ロシア連邦]]ぬ構成国。いれー[[アルタイ共和国]]とぅ[[ハカス共和国]]、にしぇー[[クラスノヤルスク地方]]、北東ー[[イルクーツク州]]とぅ[[ブリヤート共和国]]、ふぇーや[[Wp/ryu/モンゴル国|モンゴル]]とぅ国境接ちょーん。 首都ー[[クズル]]。<ref>https://old.bigenc.ru/geography/text/4212361</ref> == 概要 == * 面積 - 168 604km2 * 人口 - 336,651人（2021年度ぬ国勢調査） * 居住民族 - [[トゥヴァ人]]、[[ロシア人]] * 標準時 - UTC+7（夏時間ーねーん） * 国歌 - [[Wp/ryu/トゥヴァ共和国ぬ国歌|わんねートゥヴァ人やん]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160305235645/http://tuvaculture.ru/culture-news/241-men-tyva-men-gosudarstvennyj-gimn-respubliki-tyva.html</ref> == 公式サイト == https://rtyva.ru/ == 出典 == b0hdo9g7r4s6650ce682ke1oupn7vj9 6699335 6699334 2025-07-01T12:05:43Z Kys-yaponiya 2607522 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q960]] 6699335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|thumb|トゥヴァ共和国ぬ国旗]] '''トゥヴァ共和国（'''[[トゥヴァ口:]] ''Тыва Республика、Tyva Respublika'''''）'''ー、[[ロシア連邦]]ぬ構成国。いれー[[アルタイ共和国]]とぅ[[ハカス共和国]]、にしぇー[[クラスノヤルスク地方]]、北東ー[[イルクーツク州]]とぅ[[ブリヤート共和国]]、ふぇーや[[Wp/ryu/モンゴル国|モンゴル]]とぅ国境接ちょーん。 首都ー[[クズル]]。<ref>https://old.bigenc.ru/geography/text/4212361</ref> == 概要 == * 面積 - 168 604km2 * 人口 - 336,651人（2021年度ぬ国勢調査） * 居住民族 - [[トゥヴァ人]]、[[ロシア人]] * 標準時 - UTC+7（夏時間ーねーん） * 国歌 - [[Wp/ryu/トゥヴァ共和国ぬ国歌|わんねートゥヴァ人やん]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160305235645/http://tuvaculture.ru/culture-news/241-men-tyva-men-gosudarstvennyj-gimn-respubliki-tyva.html</ref> == 公式サイト == https://rtyva.ru/ == 出典 == {{INTERWIKI|Q960}} nbm9n2cw5qpq76zl17zvohloifpkz9x 14 3612135 6699362 2025-07-01T12:24:02Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "Ēngliskas wirdeīns" 6699362 wikitext text/x-wiki Ēngliskas wirdeīns mlped5opbuj4bx5zuv0ugl3gqr719rq 6699365 6699362 2025-07-01T12:25:08Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Blanked the page 6699365 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 3612136 6699369 2025-07-01T12:27:14Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "Pōliskas wirdeīns" 6699369 wikitext text/x-wiki Pōliskas wirdeīns n4zxnpmlvzipcsswca2cmkt0r92bhhz 6699451 6699369 2025-07-01T15:13:15Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Blanked the page 6699451 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 3612137 6699379 2025-07-01T12:36:41Z Pitchrigi 2589311 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} merbot [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699379 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} merbot [[Category:Wt/bew]] 6gusp7cqen3dlh9kl86ljh6kiehc40w 0 3612138 6699380 2025-07-01T12:37:49Z Pitchrigi 2589311 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} pengurusan [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699380 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} pengurusan [[Category:Wt/bew]] 7nio3ymgrok9t9t66d56tgjonyr6wab 0 3612139 6699381 2025-07-01T12:38:46Z Pitchrigi 2589311 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} pemungutan [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699381 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} pemungutan [[Category:Wt/bew]] 8g94f1hwpdcfrbyci7fnrb39hv2qkjj 0 3612140 6699383 2025-07-01T12:39:30Z Pitchrigi 2589311 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} tambahan [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699383 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} tambahan [[Category:Wt/bew]] 1z6zxe57rg1q0i9odjjb2l0m288xmud 6699385 6699383 2025-07-01T12:39:55Z Pitchrigi 2589311 /* {{Wt/bew/lang|ms}} */ 6699385 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} tambahan =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} tambahan [[Category:Wt/bew]] hndxydfzwket6nioqfh5jchyi15o6uk 0 3612141 6699386 2025-07-01T12:40:32Z Pitchrigi 2589311 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} sokongan [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699386 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} sokongan [[Category:Wt/bew]] kq6s59x4kf4oyjx8xv7erahnvkepq6s 6699387 6699386 2025-07-01T12:41:02Z Pitchrigi 2589311 /* {{Wt/bew/lang|ms}} */ 6699387 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} sokongan =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} sokongan [[Category:Wt/bew]] lbm7fjtjfsm6l5dpflcgbyn1lpblph8 0 3612142 6699388 2025-07-01T12:42:25Z Pitchrigi 2589311 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} Agustus [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699388 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} Agustus [[Category:Wt/bew]] r0pem0ksrlgi8e5dumj9i557ws9ntp2 0 3612143 6699394 2025-07-01T13:01:41Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|jv}} jamblang [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699394 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|jv}} jamblang [[Category:Wt/bew]] fsdsstva87w7o5fcd19c227ie0iwbiw 0 3612144 6699395 2025-07-01T13:03:31Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|jv}} brongos; bakar; tabun [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699395 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|jv}} brongos; bakar; tabun [[Category:Wt/bew]] 85ee6s7fczkdcg71d17vtxse3l67ngf 0 3612145 6699396 2025-07-01T13:05:20Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # 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{{Wt/bew/-v-|jv}} ndenger [[Category:Wt/bew]] b38hnb4mon251dj3tmv3ruewrwx9bb9 0 3612149 6699402 2025-07-01T13:17:21Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-adv-|jv}} ora; kaga' [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699402 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-adv-|jv}} ora; kaga' [[Category:Wt/bew]] kiymk5tceoks6hwieaiejrbjmb9xawi 0 3612150 6699403 2025-07-01T13:22:47Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Ēngliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈædvent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': Advents [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]]" 6699403 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ēngliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈædvent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': Advents [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] 6xz8418baj00de5pff2mnedkcrujhr3 6699406 6699403 2025-07-01T13:35:10Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699406 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ēngliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈædvent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': Advents == Miksiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /atˈvɛnt/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |der Advent | align="left" |die Advente |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |des Adventes/des Advents | align="left" |der Advente |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |dem Advent | align="left" |den Adventen |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |den Advent | align="left" |die Advente |} [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns]] lo3bqhyc57phhapjm4zfobvrz64tnnj 6699437 6699406 2025-07-01T14:49:40Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699437 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ēngliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈædvent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': Advents === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Advent is the time before Christmas when Christians should prepare their hearts for Jesus' birth.'' → Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans sīrans per Īzus gīmsenin. == Miksiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /atˈvɛnt/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |der Advent | align="left" |die Advente |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |des Adventes/des Advents | align="left" |der Advente |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |dem Advent | align="left" |den Adventen |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |den Advent | align="left" |die Advente |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Der Advent ist die Zeit vor Weihnachten, wo Christen ihr Herz auf Jesu Geburt vorbereiten sollten.'' → Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans sīrans per Īzus gīmsenin. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns]] riznjv3j2fbzagqrbtaqd95ywnhn2mf 6699440 6699437 2025-07-01T15:01:51Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699440 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ēngliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈædvent/ [[File:En-us-advent.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': Advents === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Advent is the time before Christmas when Christians should prepare their hearts for Jesus' birth.'' → Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans sīrans per Īzus gīmsenin. == Miksiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /atˈvɛnt/ [[File:De-Advent.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |der Advent | align="left" |die Advente |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |des Adventes/des Advents | align="left" |der Advente |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |dem Advent | align="left" |den Adventen |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |den Advent | align="left" |die Advente |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Der Advent ist die Zeit vor Weihnachten, wo Christen ihr Herz auf Jesu Geburt vorbereiten sollten.'' → Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans sīrans per Īzus gīmsenin. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns]] cb6h2n6g3l6abe3mwu8ri1lgh9a2yjn 0 3612151 6699404 2025-07-01T13:23:36Z Anicyandra 2526327 Created page with "{{test wiki | status = tocreate | language =Enggano | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }}" 6699404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test wiki | status = tocreate | language =Enggano | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }} 6i1jarseb9h40rlgkqn6voqbzpxze30 14 3612152 6699407 2025-07-01T13:38:51Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "Miksiskas wirdeīns" 6699407 wikitext text/x-wiki Miksiskas wirdeīns 4oq03ni8u7rwjjtseijir0x4xl3fz51 6699409 6699407 2025-07-01T13:39:56Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Blanked the page 6699409 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 3612153 6699410 2025-07-01T13:48:47Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Laītawiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === [[Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]]" 6699410 wikitext text/x-wiki == Laītawiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === [[Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] ersghqdl0tzf5i7qqh9bgkt6lw41ryq 6699441 6699410 2025-07-01T15:04:09Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699441 wikitext text/x-wiki == Laītawiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === === Perwaidīnsnas === [[Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] lszyby53yr54dm9bjvd7ucgi7vn7k96 0 3612154 6699411 2025-07-01T13:50:25Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|jv}} padasan; kucuran aèr [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699411 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|jv}} padasan; kucuran aèr [[Category:Wt/bew]] cj3rigbguk3le12uigxrl5179fso6d7 0 3612155 6699412 2025-07-01T13:51:37Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|jv}} ahlan wa sahlan; selamet dateng [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699412 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|jv}} ahlan wa sahlan; selamet dateng [[Category:Wt/bew]] is1sgxforw81mnevuv27ls5qynfevd6 0 3612156 6699413 2025-07-01T13:52:01Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n–|id}} pelès [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699413 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n–|id}} pelès [[Category:Wt/bew]] 7xfqnqt85m7isgpb988rqynss5684ao 6699414 6699413 2025-07-01T13:52:28Z Bangrapip 2589310 /* {{Wt/bew/lang|id}} */ 6699414 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} pelès [[Category:Wt/bew]] spltjbubijq08t7nbap2ssajd0svw5x 0 3612157 6699415 2025-07-01T13:53:04Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-adv-|jv}} kaga' [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699415 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-adv-|jv}} kaga' [[Category:Wt/bew]] 01wjwf1m9vyr1qvunp8o3rfl6912wta 0 3612158 6699416 2025-07-01T13:53:14Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cuntang [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699416 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cuntang [[Category:Wt/bew]] gon8v7vwo8g1i7htb0tpoogn99qhfnw 0 3612159 6699417 2025-07-01T13:53:43Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cuntang [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699417 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cuntang [[Category:Wt/bew]] gon8v7vwo8g1i7htb0tpoogn99qhfnw 6699419 6699417 2025-07-01T13:54:04Z Bangrapip 2589310 /* {{Wt/bew/lang|id}} */ 6699419 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cuntang =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} cuntang [[Category:Wt/bew]] 3bggwsicld0eg1b0h2w85lfuysxe7me 0 3612160 6699418 2025-07-01T13:53:52Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|jv}} mao; pèngèn [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699418 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|jv}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|jv}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|jv}} mao; pèngèn [[Category:Wt/bew]] kl807uo46ra0fil8eixkmop723nox8l 0 3612161 6699420 2025-07-01T13:54:35Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} garpu, porok [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699420 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} garpu, porok [[Category:Wt/bew]] snoo4ssvzp2xx2cthesr6qeehuq4yy7 0 3612162 6699421 2025-07-01T13:54:48Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|en}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|en}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|en}} malaékat [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699421 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|en}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|en}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|en}} malaékat [[Category:Wt/bew]] ds49mfq5v95y7yfsn33a0m0f2kzcc98 0 3612163 6699422 2025-07-01T13:55:16Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} tési [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699422 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|ms}}== {{Wt/bew/head|ms}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|ms}} tési [[Category:Wt/bew]] 5x5e9390wv0s6bdp6tdx15ssajorvc1 0 3612164 6699423 2025-07-01T13:55:46Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cèntong [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699423 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} cèntong [[Category:Wt/bew]] 6rhtsgsp8vxn3bgu1l8wstsivywo1i0 0 3612165 6699424 2025-07-01T13:55:52Z Writingtradition 2603732 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|en}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|en}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|en}} bulan [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699424 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|en}}== {{Wt/bew/-head-|en}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|en}} bulan [[Category:Wt/bew]] 8vm6dtumxztarc4s1gv76mj22feuny1 0 3612166 6699425 2025-07-01T13:56:24Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|id}} bèrak [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699425 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|id}} bèrak [[Category:Wt/bew]] gjik9isv8cbcbnwller5lrdlsf49yai 0 3612167 6699426 2025-07-01T13:57:47Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|id}} duduk [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699426 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/head|id}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|id}} duduk [[Category:Wt/bew]] 2qyyo8ppsxtnn7rbbswa1fpwvmd97z6 0 3612168 6699427 2025-07-01T13:58:31Z Bangrapip 2589310 Created page with "=={{Wt/bew/lang|en}}== {{Wt/bew/head|en}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|en}} belajar [[Category:Wt/bew]]" 6699427 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|en}}== {{Wt/bew/head|en}} # {{Wt/bew/-v-|en}} belajar [[Category:Wt/bew]] 4yn6gxfrrmy2olcotm6385n9usa679c 0 3612169 6699428 2025-07-01T14:06:43Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Lattawiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === [[Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]]" 6699428 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lattawiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === [[Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] elj3498fxhrorh49ho8z7ipz2cscxl2 6699442 6699428 2025-07-01T15:05:12Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699442 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lattawiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === === Perwaidīnsnas === [[Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] n3paxt4a1tvsfyc79qx50raoqkpzewb 3 3612170 6699430 2025-07-01T14:14:55Z Kızıl 2602994 Kızıl moved page [[User talk:Teosco]] to [[User talk:SvalbardCat]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Teosco|Teosco]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/SvalbardCat|SvalbardCat]]" 6699430 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:SvalbardCat]] tnp6hnv188uc6tw2uvqahye44ar8p44 0 3612171 6699431 2025-07-01T14:19:43Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Maskōwitiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɐdˈvʲent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |адве́нт | align="left" |адве́нты |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |адве..." 6699431 wikitext text/x-wiki == Maskōwitiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɐdˈvʲent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |адве́нт | align="left" |адве́нты |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |адве́нта | align="left" |адве́нтов |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |адве́нту | align="left" |адве́нтам |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |адве́нт | align="left" |адве́нты |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |адве́нтом | align="left" |адве́нтами |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |адве́нте | align="left" |адве́нтах |} [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns]] rwzhcmnotqf5n5u80ps806rorac0xaf 6699444 6699431 2025-07-01T15:07:41Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699444 wikitext text/x-wiki == Maskōwitiskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɐdˈvʲent/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |адве́нт | align="left" |адве́нты |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |адве́нта | align="left" |адве́нтов |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |адве́нту | align="left" |адве́нтам |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |адве́нт | align="left" |адве́нты |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |адве́нтом | align="left" |адве́нтами |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |адве́нте | align="left" |адве́нтах |} === Perwaidīnsnas === [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns]] jhp4epazogtjgfixwg8i25kudzd559l 0 3612172 6699433 2025-07-01T14:36:57Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Pōliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈadvɛ̃nt/ [[File:Pl-adwent.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |adwent | align="left" |adwenty |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |adwentu..." 6699433 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pōliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈadvɛ̃nt/ [[File:Pl-adwent.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |adwent | align="left" |adwenty |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |adwentu | align="left" |adwentów |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |adwentowi | align="left" |adwentom |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |adwent | align="left" |adwenty |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |adwentem | align="left" |adwentami |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |adwencie | align="left" |adwentach |- | align="center" |Wōkatiws | align="center" |adwencie | align="left" |adwenty |} [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns]] pz1zufu1q3yao56bg2mejzkrbs6gd7u 6699439 6699433 2025-07-01T14:54:21Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699439 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pōliskan == === Etimolōgija === Ezze latīniskasmu wīrdan ''[[Wt/prg/adventus|adventus]]'' === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈadvɛ̃nt/ [[File:Pl-adwent.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/Adwēnts|Adwēnts]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |adwent | align="left" |adwenty |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |adwentu | align="left" |adwentów |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |adwentowi | align="left" |adwentom |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |adwent | align="left" |adwenty |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |adwentem | align="left" |adwentami |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |adwencie | align="left" |adwentach |- | align="center" |Wōkatiws | align="center" |adwencie | align="left" |adwenty |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Adwent to czas przed Bożym Narodzeniem, gdy chrześcijanie powinni przygotować swoje dusze na narodziny Jezusa.'' → Adwēnts ast kerdā pirzdau Kalāndans, kaddan kriksţānamans prawerru pagattawintun swajjans dūsins per Īzus gīmsenin. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns]] 1xuh5uul4g3dks2kksoqe1tnqv6x41n 3 3612173 6699434 2025-07-01T14:37:03Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699434 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 14:37, 1 July 2025 (UTC) psdehj0cd5dj3ouhu01i6u0i7e1chji 14 3612174 6699445 2025-07-01T15:09:29Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "Laītawiskas wirdeīns" 6699445 wikitext text/x-wiki Laītawiskas wirdeīns nznt6rvzatzofng6bysx4w1voqsbbdl 6699448 6699445 2025-07-01T15:11:42Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Blanked the page 6699448 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 3612175 6699446 2025-07-01T15:10:01Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "Lattawiskas wirdeīns" 6699446 wikitext text/x-wiki Lattawiskas wirdeīns njdbnqcvjtk5lq2n43j7z560skf5i18 6699449 6699446 2025-07-01T15:12:22Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Blanked the page 6699449 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 3612176 6699447 2025-07-01T15:10:30Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns" 6699447 wikitext text/x-wiki Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns n8q819hburq1p6hqwtrdr5j24iy11fe 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templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Checkuser templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 7lndnpninvkfupbzr2frn42j2tsnu71 10 3612187 6699478 2025-07-01T15:43:49Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}" xml:lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699478 wikitext text/x-wiki <var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}" xml:lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> 8e5fnj0cn3wbhpqhytnlbq5mkucz2c1 10 3612188 6699480 2025-07-01T15:45:33Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "[[File:Question mark.svg|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|20}}px|alt=Question|link=]]<span style="display:none>?</span><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Question mark.svg|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|20}}px|alt=Question|link=]]<span style="display:none>?</span><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> ix9zljef52k3kygazjbag291lcageg9 10 3612189 6699481 2025-07-01T15:45:45Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}" xml:lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--БУДЬ ЛАСКА ДОДАВАЙТЕ ВСЕ НА ПІДСТОРІНКУ /ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЯ ШАБЛОНУ.--> {{документація}} </noinclude>" 6699481 wikitext text/x-wiki <var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}" xml:lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--БУДЬ ЛАСКА ДОДАВАЙТЕ ВСЕ НА ПІДСТОРІНКУ /ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЯ ШАБЛОНУ.--> {{документація}} </noinclude> epnaektasxr9sykodvm2pwf1qfq879z 6699483 6699481 2025-07-01T15:46:15Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699483 wikitext text/x-wiki <var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}" xml:lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> a94pm2a96chvbs245c89acahk1vv8pn 0 3612190 6699482 2025-07-01T15:46:08Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Prūsiskan == === Iztarisnā === IPA: /a/ === Zentlisnā === # Prūsiskas alfabētas pirmā littera [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]]" 6699482 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Iztarisnā === IPA: /a/ === Zentlisnā === # Prūsiskas alfabētas pirmā littera [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] gsg9kbgaobgkgwy3yht94595ugbokgm 0 3612191 6699484 2025-07-01T15:47:50Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699484 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/apc/1 تموز|1 تموز]] syr3uoccrbfvl6qzmpzp2fhki30ee0h 1 3612192 6699485 2025-07-01T15:47:54Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 10 3612193 6699486 2025-07-01T15:48:08Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699486 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/1 تموز|1 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = 1989_CPA_6101.jpg | caption = كوامي نكروما | border = no | caption align = right }} byxdqciin2yfltt88tqe7msw63mic9l 6699489 6699486 2025-07-01T15:48:38Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699489 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/1 تموز|1 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = 1989_CPA_6101.jpg | caption = كوامي نكروما | border = no | caption align = right }} [[Wp/apc/1782|1782]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: خمس سفن خاصة أميركية هاجمو مستوطنة بريطانية بمدينة لوننبيرغ، نوفا سكوشا. [[Wp/apc/1935|1935]] – أول مهرجان موسيقي بحديقة غرانت بارك انعمل بمدينة شيكاغو. [[Wp/apc/1940|1940]] – بالحرب العالمية التانية: القيادة العامة الكبرى للجيش الفرنسي تم حلها بعد استسلام [[Wp/apc/فرنسا|فرنسا]]. [[Wp/apc/1960|1960]] – [[Wp/apc/غانا|غانا]] صارت جمهورية، و كوامي نكروما (بالصورة) صار أول رئيس إلها. [[Wp/apc/1970|1970]] – بنك بلفاست البنكي، اللي كان بيصدر أوراق نقدية بإيرلندا الشمالية، اندمج مع منافسو "بنك نورذرن". ctebwgpfzpaa6r5xmsjropa1qc7c1wy 6699490 6699489 2025-07-01T15:48:56Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6699490 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/1 تموز|1 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = 1989_CPA_6101.jpg | caption = كوامي نكروما | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1782|1782]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: خمس سفن خاصة أميركية هاجمو مستوطنة بريطانية بمدينة لوننبيرغ، نوفا سكوشا. * [[Wp/apc/1935|1935]] – أول مهرجان موسيقي بحديقة غرانت بارك انعمل بمدينة شيكاغو. * [[Wp/apc/1940|1940]] – بالحرب العالمية التانية: القيادة العامة الكبرى للجيش الفرنسي تم حلها بعد استسلام [[Wp/apc/فرنسا|فرنسا]]. * [[Wp/apc/1960|1960]] – [[Wp/apc/غانا|غانا]] صارت جمهورية، و كوامي نكروما (بالصورة) صار أول رئيس إلها. * [[Wp/apc/1970|1970]] – بنك بلفاست البنكي، اللي كان بيصدر أوراق نقدية بإيرلندا الشمالية، اندمج مع منافسو "بنك نورذرن". 9cx3tarsgv6xo7zl4dsgacrjw692uv5 6699491 6699490 2025-07-01T15:49:09Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6699491 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/1 تموز|1 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = 1989_CPA_6101.jpg | caption = كوامي نكروما | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1782|1782]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: خمس سفن خاصة أميركية هاجمو مستوطنة بريطانية بمدينة لوننبيرغ، نوفا سكوشا. * [[Wp/apc/1935|1935]] – أول مهرجان موسيقي بحديقة غرانت بارك انعمل بمدينة شيكاغو. * [[Wp/apc/1940|1940]] – بالحرب العالمية التانية: القيادة العامة الكبرى للجيش الفرنسي تم حلها بعد استسلام [[Wp/apc/فرنسا|فرنسا]]. * [[Wp/apc/1960|1960]] – [[Wp/apc/غانا|غانا]] صارت جمهورية، و كوامي نكروما (بالصورة) صار أول رئيس إلها. * [[Wp/apc/1970|1970]] – بنك بلفاست البنكي، اللي كان بيصدر أوراق نقدية بإيرلندا الشمالية، اندمج مع منافسو "بنك نورذرن". <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5666336}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> 215u6jyfizc8ig18u4hvxgqaol5bp0v 6699494 6699491 2025-07-01T15:49:21Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز]] 6699491 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/1 تموز|1 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = 1989_CPA_6101.jpg | caption = كوامي نكروما | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1782|1782]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: خمس سفن خاصة أميركية هاجمو مستوطنة بريطانية بمدينة لوننبيرغ، نوفا سكوشا. * [[Wp/apc/1935|1935]] – أول مهرجان موسيقي بحديقة غرانت بارك انعمل بمدينة شيكاغو. * [[Wp/apc/1940|1940]] – بالحرب العالمية التانية: القيادة العامة الكبرى للجيش الفرنسي تم حلها بعد استسلام [[Wp/apc/فرنسا|فرنسا]]. * [[Wp/apc/1960|1960]] – [[Wp/apc/غانا|غانا]] صارت جمهورية، و كوامي نكروما (بالصورة) صار أول رئيس إلها. * [[Wp/apc/1970|1970]] – بنك بلفاست البنكي، اللي كان بيصدر أوراق نقدية بإيرلندا الشمالية، اندمج مع منافسو "بنك نورذرن". <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5666336}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> 215u6jyfizc8ig18u4hvxgqaol5bp0v 11 3612194 6699487 2025-07-01T15:48:12Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 6699496 6699487 2025-07-01T15:49:21Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز]] 6699487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 0 3612195 6699493 2025-07-01T15:49:20Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Prūsiskan == === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɑ:/ === Zentlisnā === # Prūsiskas alfabētas antrā littera [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]]" 6699493 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɑ:/ === Zentlisnā === # Prūsiskas alfabētas antrā littera [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] m717d8qis57h5tply5llrsip3ni5ltx 10 3612196 6699495 2025-07-01T15:49:21Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز]] 6699495 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز]] 6uckhjh2jxufl3wor5iyo5uqy4vqica 11 3612197 6699497 2025-07-01T15:49:21Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز]] 6699497 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز]] fbr9pzp9a8b1gkmjtu9ggm0fsqerkm9 10 3612198 6699500 2025-07-01T15:50:29Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699500 wikitext text/x-wiki == تموز == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز|true}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> ctejdyds8pr6hifyh8oss9na6n8ts1p 6699783 6699500 2025-07-02T09:09:47Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6699783 wikitext text/x-wiki == تموز == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز|true}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> ejtffcklmfhxqjwfqk6xd1n477pnc4j 11 3612199 6699501 2025-07-01T15:51:10Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 0 3612200 6699513 2025-07-01T16:14:21Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Prūsiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ābalni]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɑ:balʲnʲi/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # Garrin, na kawīdan āblis aūga === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |ābalni | align="left" |ābalnis |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |ābalnis | align="left" |ābalnin |- | align=..." 6699513 wikitext text/x-wiki == Prūsiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ābalni]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ɑ:balʲnʲi/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # Garrin, na kawīdan āblis aūga === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |ābalni | align="left" |ābalnis |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |ābalnis | align="left" |ābalnin |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |ābalnei | align="left" |ābalnimans |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |ābalnin | align="left" |ābalnins |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Majs tītis sadinnuns '''ābalnin''' en saddu.'' * ''As sīda pa '''ābalnei'''.'' === Tulkausnas === * ēngliskan: [[Wt/prg/apple tree|apple tree]] * laītawiskan: [[Wt/prg/obelis|obelis]] * lattawiskan: [[Wt/prg/ābele|ābele]] * maskōwitiskan: [[Wt/prg/яблоня|яблоня]] * miksiskan: [[Wt/prg/Apfelbaum|Apfelbaum]] * pōliskan: [[Wt/prg/jabłoń|jabłoń]] [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Prūsiskas wirdeīns]] bcxtvl2bp7mrbd4ar2kzs4cvae0abnt 0 3612201 6699515 2025-07-01T16:21:34Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 Created page with "[[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 6699515 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. [[Category:Wq/ha]] g4kx6orphs869jifvnu69i7yx2jk5j5 6699516 6699515 2025-07-01T16:22:00Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 6699516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == [[Category:Wq/ha]] jj5nv69imrfzhbs2mh8ojqnplfkjnwn 6699517 6699516 2025-07-01T16:22:33Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 6699517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazia_Dahlab.png|thumb|Fazia_Dahleb]] [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == [[Category:Wq/ha]] kfy9771awj9vy7twc2ixid2sdtqpodi 6699519 6699517 2025-07-01T16:28:09Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699519 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazia_Dahlab.png|thumb|Fazia_Dahleb]] [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == * Hanoyoyin Kulda da Jurewa Masifu na Afurka da kuma hanyoyin mayar da martani sune hanyoyi mafiya kyawu na tabbatar da juriyar nahiyar mu a fuskar kalubale da dama.”, yayin neman matakan magance hadurran sauyin yanayi. [[Category:Wq/ha]] gshpdsb5bkdnn00d3g2x07xg2shx72o 6699520 6699519 2025-07-01T16:28:35Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazia_Dahlab.png|thumb|Fazia_Dahleb]] [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == * Hanoyoyin Kulda da Jurewa Masifu na Afurka da kuma hanyoyin mayar da martani sune hanyoyi mafiya kyawu na tabbatar da juriyar nahiyar mu a fuskar kalubale da dama.”, yayin neman matakan magance hadurran sauyin yanayi. ** [https://africaolympic.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ANOCA_MAGAZINE_ALGIERS-FORUM_2024 Welcome Address at the African forum on Environmental Protection and the fight against global warming] [[Category:Wq/ha]] nbulx533fe6v2plkiifww92dvftjozp 6699521 6699520 2025-07-01T16:31:38Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699521 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazia_Dahlab.png|thumb|Fazia_Dahleb]] [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == * Hanoyoyin Kulda da Jurewa Masifu na Afurka da kuma hanyoyin mayar da martani sune hanyoyi mafiya kyawu na tabbatar da juriyar nahiyar mu a fuskar kalubale da dama.”, yayin neman matakan magance hadurran sauyin yanayi. ** [https://africaolympic.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ANOCA_MAGAZINE_ALGIERS-FORUM_2024 Welcome Address at the African forum on Environmental Protection and the fight against global warming] * Kwamiti na Olympic na bukatar yin amfani da hanyoyin janyo mutane da kuma kayan aikin wasannin motsa jini don bunkasa mafita na cimma Burikan Cigaba masu Dorewa (SDG). [[Category:Wq/ha]] sxcsjwlqax9h393a3g3vijd4h5k4h0y 6699522 6699521 2025-07-01T16:32:30Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazia_Dahlab.png|thumb|Fazia_Dahleb]] [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == * Hanoyoyin Kulda da Jurewa Masifu na Afurka da kuma hanyoyin mayar da martani sune hanyoyi mafiya kyawu na tabbatar da juriyar nahiyar mu a fuskar kalubale da dama.”, yayin neman matakan magance hadurran sauyin yanayi. ** [https://africaolympic.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ANOCA_MAGAZINE_ALGIERS-FORUM_2024 Welcome Address at the African forum on Environmental Protection and the fight against global warming] * Kwamiti na Olympic na bukatar yin amfani da hanyoyin janyo mutane da kuma kayan aikin wasannin motsa jini don bunkasa mafita na cimma Burikan Cigaba masu Dorewa (SDG). ** [https://africaolympic.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ANOCA_MAGAZINE_ALGIERS-FORUM_2024 Welcome Address at the African forum on Environmental Protection and the fight against global warming] [[Category:Wq/ha]] ikdugv55mcmhfc4mh906evmdilp2r6j 6699523 6699522 2025-07-01T16:32:54Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 6699523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazia_Dahlab.png|thumb|Fazia_Dahleb]] [[w: Fazia Dahleb| Fazia Dahleb]] (an haife ta 25 Junairu 1967) Ministar Muhalli ce da Sabunta Makamashi wacce aka nada a ranar 16 March 2023. == Zantuka == * Hanoyoyin Kulda da Jurewa Masifu na Afurka da kuma hanyoyin mayar da martani sune hanyoyi mafiya kyawu na tabbatar da juriyar nahiyar mu a fuskar kalubale da dama.”, yayin neman matakan magance hadurran sauyin yanayi. ** [https://africaolympic.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ANOCA_MAGAZINE_ALGIERS-FORUM_2024 Welcome Address at the African forum on Environmental Protection and the fight against global warming] * Kwamiti na Olympic na bukatar yin amfani da hanyoyin janyo mutane da kuma kayan aikin wasannin motsa jini don bunkasa mafita na cimma Burikan Cigaba masu Dorewa (SDG). ** [https://africaolympic.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ANOCA_MAGAZINE_ALGIERS-FORUM_2024 Welcome Address at the African forum on Environmental Protection and the fight against global warming] == Hanyoyin waje == [[Category:Wq/ha]] 74vd59fht5zupxfvsexh6v9p667wl58 0 3612202 6699527 2025-07-01T16:52:55Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 Created page with "[[w:Faouzia Charfi| Faouzia Charfi]] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 6699527 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| Faouzia Charfi]] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. [[Category:Wq/ha]] ftgdcsik4f1rcvg1bpthup8pg2jszfi 6699531 6699527 2025-07-01T17:03:29Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 6699531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' [[Category:Wq/ha]] e61he71siznl1nhlafhdq4rjrf27rfn 6699532 6699531 2025-07-01T17:04:09Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] [[Category:Wq/ha]] lp5tki2uxpuxjydtxuf6j45h24wuoib 6699533 6699532 2025-07-01T17:10:03Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699533 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Daga yau, zan so cewa kowa zai iya amfani da tunanin shi, su amfana da ilimin da yake na duk duniya, ba kuwa na “Yamma” ba kamar yadda ake kiran sa wani lokacin. Inaso in karfafawa masu karatu da su sake ziyartar tarihin kimiyya a kasashen musulunci da kuma gano tunani mai zurfi. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 0l3ibbceg7txfyq6gczqb7d6obq64ud 6699534 6699533 2025-07-01T17:10:31Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Daga yau, zan so cewa kowa zai iya amfani da tunanin shi, su amfana da ilimin da yake na duk duniya, ba kuwa na “Yamma” ba kamar yadda ake kiran sa wani lokacin. Inaso in karfafawa masu karatu da su sake ziyartar tarihin kimiyya a kasashen musulunci da kuma gano tunani mai zurfi. **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] [[Category:Wq/ha]] 4u7znyy8bjxe70l3m4387ksd0rtwv78 6699535 6699534 2025-07-01T17:13:53Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Daga yau, zan so cewa kowa zai iya amfani da tunanin shi, su amfana da ilimin da yake na duk duniya, ba kuwa na “Yamma” ba kamar yadda ake kiran sa wani lokacin. Inaso in karfafawa masu karatu da su sake ziyartar tarihin kimiyya a kasashen musulunci da kuma gano tunani mai zurfi. **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Sun koyi darasi daga jan-bayan kimiyya a duniyar Larabawa kuma sun nemi matsakaicin hanya don sasanta hadewar addini tare da zamunanci. [[Category:Wq/ha]] turhrvcwc5pi2qmqfszke3tskb7yqyz 6699536 6699535 2025-07-01T17:14:22Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Daga yau, zan so cewa kowa zai iya amfani da tunanin shi, su amfana da ilimin da yake na duk duniya, ba kuwa na “Yamma” ba kamar yadda ake kiran sa wani lokacin. Inaso in karfafawa masu karatu da su sake ziyartar tarihin kimiyya a kasashen musulunci da kuma gano tunani mai zurfi. **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Sun koyi darasi daga jan-bayan kimiyya a duniyar Larabawa kuma sun nemi matsakaicin hanya don sasanta hadewar addini tare da zamunanci. **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] [[Category:Wq/ha]] hsk4lpizggaghhzspy4r08ge4rvq9u0 6699537 6699536 2025-07-01T17:14:45Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699537 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Faouzia Charfi| '''Faouzia Charfi''']] (an haifeta a 1941 a Sfax, née Rekik) ‘yar siyasar kasar Tunusiya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma malama. Ta kasance Ministan Jiha ta Ilimi a shekara ta 2011. == Zantuka == * Ta hanyar tarihin kimiyya ne na samu daman zurfafa ilimi na na addini, musamman na musulunci. Ban cika ilimi mai zurfi ba a kan a kan tambayayin tauhidi. Abunda ya fi burgeni shine alakarmu da zamani da kuma tambayoyi a kan sanannun mutane. Ina saka kaina sosai a cikin rubutun masu tunani na zamani daga kasashen musulunci, wanda suka dauki addini ta fuskar kimiyya ba tare da wani ''essentialism'' ba''.'' **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Daga yau, zan so cewa kowa zai iya amfani da tunanin shi, su amfana da ilimin da yake na duk duniya, ba kuwa na “Yamma” ba kamar yadda ake kiran sa wani lokacin. Inaso in karfafawa masu karatu da su sake ziyartar tarihin kimiyya a kasashen musulunci da kuma gano tunani mai zurfi. **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] * Sun koyi darasi daga jan-bayan kimiyya a duniyar Larabawa kuma sun nemi matsakaicin hanya don sasanta hadewar addini tare da zamunanci. **[https://medfeminiswiya.net/2022/08/31/scientist-and-scholar-faouzia-charfi-signs-of-regression-are-lurking-everywhere/?lang=en] ==Hanyoyin waje == [[Category:Wq/ha]] jdkm5r3bn10clzkbowm45iob9a0vrwq 0 3612203 6699538 2025-07-01T17:18:21Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 Created page with "[[w: Pamela Charlette| Pamela Charlette]] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 6699538 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| Pamela Charlette]] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. [[Category:Wq/ha]] ij0in6xzamwa6kwcwf7adfiq4t8e3lx 6699539 6699538 2025-07-01T17:18:40Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 6699539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == [[Category:Wq/ha]] kppbx34qbcawtbo4au5o4hp53eofjdc 6699768 6699539 2025-07-02T08:57:41Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == * Kasar Seychelles tana da rauni, musamman a wuraren da ke da sauyin yanayi. Don haka a duk abinda zamu yi, dole ne mu saka a ranmu cewa, yanayi na canzawa kuma ta haka zai shafi Seychelles. Akwai babban bunkasawa a makamashi mai sabuntuwa, wani abu da mu kanmu muke shigarwa a nan. Shugaban kasa ma ya sanar a wani Jawabinsa na Kasa a ranar 6th March 2018 cewa akan bukatan Seychelles da matsa zuwa gas na ruwa, wanda wani bangare ne inda za’a yi maraba da hannun jari daga kasar China. [[Category:Wq/ha]] queinvsrqkr5pn3vxlwlpyiarjcg04x 6699769 6699768 2025-07-02T08:58:08Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == * Kasar Seychelles tana da rauni, musamman a wuraren da ke da sauyin yanayi. Don haka a duk abinda zamu yi, dole ne mu saka a ranmu cewa, yanayi na canzawa kuma ta haka zai shafi Seychelles. Akwai babban bunkasawa a makamashi mai sabuntuwa, wani abu da mu kanmu muke shigarwa a nan. Shugaban kasa ma ya sanar a wani Jawabinsa na Kasa a ranar 6th March 2018 cewa akan bukatan Seychelles da matsa zuwa gas na ruwa, wanda wani bangare ne inda za’a yi maraba da hannun jari daga kasar China. ** [https://seychelles.the-report.com/pamela-charlette-minister-of-habitat-lands-infrastructure-and-land-transport/] [[Category:Wq/ha]] rjr58zbq6fwie02vmyv0nwxjgnrg80i 6699776 6699769 2025-07-02T09:08:17Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == * Kasar Seychelles tana da rauni, musamman a wuraren da ke da sauyin yanayi. Don haka a duk abinda zamu yi, dole ne mu saka a ranmu cewa, yanayi na canzawa kuma ta haka zai shafi Seychelles. Akwai babban bunkasawa a makamashi mai sabuntuwa, wani abu da mu kanmu muke shigarwa a nan. Shugaban kasa ma ya sanar a wani Jawabinsa na Kasa a ranar 6th March 2018 cewa akan bukatan Seychelles da matsa zuwa gas na ruwa, wanda wani bangare ne inda za’a yi maraba da hannun jari daga kasar China. ** [https://seychelles.the-report.com/pamela-charlette-minister-of-habitat-lands-infrastructure-and-land-transport/] * Munyi sa’a sosai da muke da alaka mai kyau na tsawon lokaci da kasar China. Sun kasance a koyaushe a gaba-gaba wajen ganin cigabanmu. Tuni China ta bada kudin gina wasu ababen more rayuwa, wanda suka hada da gina Palais de Justice, Ginin Ma’aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Seychelles da kuma Asibitin Anse Royale. Ta haka kuma, muna maraba da karin yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa, tallafi ko wasu nau’oin bada kudi irinsu PPPs. Masu karbar baki kuwa za’a basu dama na kasa da kasa don ba masu sanya hannun jari ‘yan China daman yin tayi. A yanzu akwai kamfanin China guda daya da ke da kwantiragi da kasar Seychelles ta hanyar Ma’aikatar Kula da Kayan Jama’a. [[Category:Wq/ha]] q8pb6n06djcfph788rpoi9ntv5h13tu 6699785 6699776 2025-07-02T09:13:38Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == * Kasar Seychelles tana da rauni, musamman a wuraren da ke da sauyin yanayi. Don haka a duk abinda zamu yi, dole ne mu saka a ranmu cewa, yanayi na canzawa kuma ta haka zai shafi Seychelles. Akwai babban bunkasawa a makamashi mai sabuntuwa, wani abu da mu kanmu muke shigarwa a nan. Shugaban kasa ma ya sanar a wani Jawabinsa na Kasa a ranar 6th March 2018 cewa akan bukatan Seychelles da matsa zuwa gas na ruwa, wanda wani bangare ne inda za’a yi maraba da hannun jari daga kasar China. ** [https://seychelles.the-report.com/pamela-charlette-minister-of-habitat-lands-infrastructure-and-land-transport/] * Munyi sa’a sosai da muke da alaka mai kyau na tsawon lokaci da kasar China. Sun kasance a koyaushe a gaba-gaba wajen ganin cigabanmu. Tuni China ta bada kudin gina wasu ababen more rayuwa, wanda suka hada da gina Palais de Justice, Ginin Ma’aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Seychelles da kuma Asibitin Anse Royale. Ta haka kuma, muna maraba da karin yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa, tallafi ko wasu nau’oin bada kudi irinsu PPPs. Masu karbar baki kuwa za’a basu dama na kasa da kasa don ba masu sanya hannun jari ‘yan China daman yin tayi. A yanzu akwai kamfanin China guda daya da ke da kwantiragi da kasar Seychelles ta hanyar Ma’aikatar Kula da Kayan Jama’a. Sunan kamfanin Sino-Hydro wanda suka lashe lamban yabo na kasa da kasa don tada shirin aikin La Gogue dam, wanda zai inganta samun ruwa a Mahé. [[Category:Wq/ha]] scz9speucqxc7dinxl5qhzrews0dze3 6699787 6699785 2025-07-02T09:14:45Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == * Kasar Seychelles tana da rauni, musamman a wuraren da ke da sauyin yanayi. Don haka a duk abinda zamu yi, dole ne mu saka a ranmu cewa, yanayi na canzawa kuma ta haka zai shafi Seychelles. Akwai babban bunkasawa a makamashi mai sabuntuwa, wani abu da mu kanmu muke shigarwa a nan. Shugaban kasa ma ya sanar a wani Jawabinsa na Kasa a ranar 6th March 2018 cewa akan bukatan Seychelles da matsa zuwa gas na ruwa, wanda wani bangare ne inda za’a yi maraba da hannun jari daga kasar China. ** [https://seychelles.the-report.com/pamela-charlette-minister-of-habitat-lands-infrastructure-and-land-transport/] * Munyi sa’a sosai da muke da alaka mai kyau na tsawon lokaci da kasar China. Sun kasance a koyaushe a gaba-gaba wajen ganin cigabanmu. Tuni China ta bada kudin gina wasu ababen more rayuwa, wanda suka hada da gina Palais de Justice, Ginin Ma’aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Seychelles da kuma Asibitin Anse Royale. Ta haka kuma, muna maraba da karin yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa, tallafi ko wasu nau’oin bada kudi irinsu PPPs. Masu karbar baki kuwa za’a basu dama na kasa da kasa don ba masu sanya hannun jari ‘yan China daman yin tayi. A yanzu akwai kamfanin China guda daya da ke da kwantiragi da kasar Seychelles ta hanyar Ma’aikatar Kula da Kayan Jama’a. Sunan kamfanin Sino-Hydro wanda suka lashe lamban yabo na kasa da kasa don tada shirin aikin La Gogue dam, wanda zai inganta samun ruwa a Mahé. Irin wannan hadin gwiwa ne muke matukar bukatan tattalawa kuma mu mayar da hankali. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 51k831j38wpjr18e34x217di0qevi0a 6699788 6699787 2025-07-02T09:15:12Z Uncle Bash007 2578867 /* Zantuka */ 6699788 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w: Pamela Charlette| '''Pamela Charlette''']] ‘yar siyasar Kasar Seychellis ce, wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje, Filaye, Abubuwan More Rayuwa da kuma Sufuri na Kasa daga 27 Afurelun 2018 zuwa 3 Nuwamban 2020. == Zantuka == * Kasar Seychelles tana da rauni, musamman a wuraren da ke da sauyin yanayi. Don haka a duk abinda zamu yi, dole ne mu saka a ranmu cewa, yanayi na canzawa kuma ta haka zai shafi Seychelles. Akwai babban bunkasawa a makamashi mai sabuntuwa, wani abu da mu kanmu muke shigarwa a nan. Shugaban kasa ma ya sanar a wani Jawabinsa na Kasa a ranar 6th March 2018 cewa akan bukatan Seychelles da matsa zuwa gas na ruwa, wanda wani bangare ne inda za’a yi maraba da hannun jari daga kasar China. ** [https://seychelles.the-report.com/pamela-charlette-minister-of-habitat-lands-infrastructure-and-land-transport/] * Munyi sa’a sosai da muke da alaka mai kyau na tsawon lokaci da kasar China. Sun kasance a koyaushe a gaba-gaba wajen ganin cigabanmu. Tuni China ta bada kudin gina wasu ababen more rayuwa, wanda suka hada da gina Palais de Justice, Ginin Ma’aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Seychelles da kuma Asibitin Anse Royale. Ta haka kuma, muna maraba da karin yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa, tallafi ko wasu nau’oin bada kudi irinsu PPPs. Masu karbar baki kuwa za’a basu dama na kasa da kasa don ba masu sanya hannun jari ‘yan China daman yin tayi. A yanzu akwai kamfanin China guda daya da ke da kwantiragi da kasar Seychelles ta hanyar Ma’aikatar Kula da Kayan Jama’a. Sunan kamfanin Sino-Hydro wanda suka lashe lamban yabo na kasa da kasa don tada shirin aikin La Gogue dam, wanda zai inganta samun ruwa a Mahé. Irin wannan hadin gwiwa ne muke matukar bukatan tattalawa kuma mu mayar da hankali. ** [https://seychelles.the-report.com/pamela-charlette-minister-of-habitat-lands-infrastructure-and-land-transport/] [[Category:Wq/ha]] 7d4argo9ztpmdpi41xg9hcbwdhz041q 0 3612204 6699540 2025-07-01T17:29:26Z DonKevin 2569060 Created page with "'''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. [[Category:Wq/pcm]]" 6699540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] hlf4ji60ig7jvj7yrr9krrce8x0bkl8 6699541 6699540 2025-07-01T17:29:46Z DonKevin 2569060 6699541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 71zlswala8c6wneo2aax967c7yowm04 6699542 6699541 2025-07-01T17:30:05Z DonKevin 2569060 6699542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] p490ef5jncwwmkowgosa9d9cslyg4w6 6699543 6699542 2025-07-01T17:30:21Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] dpt8khqko6nbw3pbk4p22pfopbcafie 6699544 6699543 2025-07-01T17:30:42Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] h9si0ntf9kxjzer3mtlnkp4b70fn8hn 6699545 6699544 2025-07-01T17:31:09Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, [[Category:Wq/pcm]] c5h5b7ty6r7iyi60mkusg2lpkte23ih 6699546 6699545 2025-07-01T17:31:17Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699546 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 3rkbxny1sam9zoiurhf6n5p18tiiysd 6699547 6699546 2025-07-01T17:31:56Z DonKevin 2569060 6699547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] ririypvfqxss765jym1uh546txeihiv 6699548 6699547 2025-07-01T17:32:28Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] m6p1i6fjfn3lfpylvwjxtrrbp7qscku 6699549 6699548 2025-07-01T17:32:48Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] mofmpp79b7lanqpbjyxpgh3sbomutuz 6699550 6699549 2025-07-01T17:33:06Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 6jldt8fbe7oql4p90gl5wedlh4von7n 6699551 6699550 2025-07-01T17:33:25Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 4pd1pctjmqmj0rxzx3ezfl8pltlmxc5 6699552 6699551 2025-07-01T17:33:45Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 0xb8r7s6qz36ea3ifkz7fzrnzw1eknu 6699553 6699552 2025-07-01T17:34:13Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] kw4scciuys2n2seghg7tsn81iztp5w9 6699554 6699553 2025-07-01T17:34:33Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 5kxjqunvjvazss0ajh1ge0h1r67mym9 6699555 6699554 2025-07-01T17:34:54Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 8w0m0p53z1dlwrnexz5fzj89qgyub3x 6699556 6699555 2025-07-01T17:35:25Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 0w65f2kmle25hfr4cog94j5qvl7dt41 6699557 6699556 2025-07-01T17:35:44Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 52625rzknusucr5amkw95g4dodh76da 6699558 6699557 2025-07-01T17:36:02Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem bon for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] q0sy9v1q0b87on05piqshsecjthwv9o 6699559 6699558 2025-07-01T17:36:17Z DonKevin 2569060 6699559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] m9r85uxe2uftpz2e6hzptk1ust2yq9l 6699560 6699559 2025-07-01T17:36:35Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 1nh9whicd6agz9p459h2yhgsd44qi2c 6699561 6699560 2025-07-01T17:36:49Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] jhj1rbcerspn9g4jlayrjsg5ax4uswx 6699562 6699561 2025-07-01T17:37:05Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 213mhtr3oyxvaxfkbc0s6ig481g8lil 6699563 6699562 2025-07-01T17:37:25Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] cxttna4e99augvlxpuq3zpwcsfd2s57 6699564 6699563 2025-07-01T17:37:43Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. Bot na ol dos wahala go tich yu disiplin. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] 95y7t2yxombluh7ee6ri50hj5ru3ndl 6699565 6699564 2025-07-01T17:37:58Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. Bot na ol dos wahala go tich yu disiplin. Yu go ida push tru, or di wahala go bit you. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] k2igl9zzjopicxo8oqzl3ggrvceg87p 6699566 6699565 2025-07-01T17:38:13Z DonKevin 2569060 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. Bot na ol dos wahala go tich yu disiplin. Yu go ida push tru, or di wahala go bit you. **[https://www.wmagazine.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-moncler-favorite-tv-music “John Boyega, ''Star Wars'' Hero, Stays Up Too Late Watching ''The Affair''”] in W Magazine (2018 Jul 12) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] a76dhv4lf1e7rzb8zuwf4940cyjq29m 6699567 6699566 2025-07-01T17:38:22Z DonKevin 2569060 6699567 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. Bot na ol dos wahala go tich yu disiplin. Yu go ida push tru, or di wahala go bit you. **[https://www.wmagazine.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-moncler-favorite-tv-music “John Boyega, ''Star Wars'' Hero, Stays Up Too Late Watching ''The Affair''”] in W Magazine (2018 Jul 12) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] 5y7fl170zo870tkvv439bxsdzxxrw59 6699568 6699567 2025-07-01T17:38:55Z DonKevin 2569060 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q1699385]] 6699568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. Bot na ol dos wahala go tich yu disiplin. Yu go ida push tru, or di wahala go bit you. **[https://www.wmagazine.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-moncler-favorite-tv-music “John Boyega, ''Star Wars'' Hero, Stays Up Too Late Watching ''The Affair''”] in W Magazine (2018 Jul 12) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1699385}} 2vputl0nq3t86w7fot24bptnbaltc72 6699808 6699568 2025-07-02T10:36:57Z Jonywikis 2568958 6699808 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John Boyega by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|John Boyega speaking at the 2015 San Diego Comic Con International, for "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego, California]] '''John Adedayo B. Adegboyega''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 17 March 1992), wey pipul sabi as '''John Boyega''', na blak British akto. ==Wetin e tok== *I bi blak British, and I kom from London. Bot meni pipul for dis wold no ivun sabi say blak pipul dey for London. I don jam American pipul wey shok say blak pesin fit dey liv for London. Na wai film and entatement swit—e dey bring pipul togeda, and e dey show dem niu tins wey dem neva si bifor. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *Wen I bi 9 yias old, I no ondastand hau pesin go dey today and tomoro e no dey again. E shok mi. Na dat time I fest hie say dem dey kil pipul for London. Bifor dat, I bi jos smol pikin wey dey waka up and down wit mai fud and supahero toi. **[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/05/john-boyega-ive-met-americans-who-dont-know-black-people-live-in-london “John Boyega: I've met Americans who don't know black people live in London”] in The Guardian (2019 Dec 5) *I no go dey spend mai moni dey woch onli one kain of pesin for film ol di time… Bikos for ril life, wi dey si difrent pipul from difrent ples, difrent way of life, evriday. Ivun if yu bi pesin wey no like oda pipul, yu go stil dey si dem. Wi go sha shake tins smol. **[https://www.gq.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-detroit-and-robert-downey-jr “John Boyega on ''Star Wars'', ''Detroit'', and Staying Sane with the Help of Robert Downey Jr.”] in GQ Magazine (2017 Jul 17) *Ivun wen I stat mai akto wok, wahala ful grand. Yor life no dey sure at ol. Yu go dey liv like say yu dey balans on rop. Akto wok no tu sure, and e no dey olwez swit. Bot na ol dos wahala go tich yu disiplin. Yu go ida push tru, or di wahala go bit you. **[https://www.wmagazine.com/story/john-boyega-star-wars-moncler-favorite-tv-music “John Boyega, ''Star Wars'' Hero, Stays Up Too Late Watching ''The Affair''”] in W Magazine (2018 Jul 12) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1992]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1699385}} f8cos4hqoiq404954uikzvynaorp834 3 3612205 6699570 2025-07-01T17:52:52Z Svartava 2575911 Svartava moved page [[User talk:Neurofitoterapia]] to [[User talk:Espadachim reluzente]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Neurofitoterapia|Neurofitoterapia]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Espadachim reluzente|Espadachim reluzente]]" 6699570 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Espadachim reluzente]] ip66a59t89nnufl8wfhrlbovld1wv0u 3 3612206 6699571 2025-07-01T18:01:35Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699571 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 18:01, 1 July 2025 (UTC) lv7e0uqszghputm6jdfexn31slvcvfp 0 3612207 6699572 2025-07-01T18:44:51Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Ēngliskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|an apple tree]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈæpl̩ tɹiː/ [[File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-apple tree.wav]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': apple trees === Perwaidīnsnas === * '''''Apple trees''' blossom in spring.'' → '''Ābalnis''' kweitāi en wassarai. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]]" 6699572 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ēngliskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|an apple tree]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈæpl̩ tɹiː/ [[File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-apple tree.wav]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === ''tūlagirbausna'': apple trees === Perwaidīnsnas === * '''''Apple trees''' blossom in spring.'' → '''Ābalnis''' kweitāi en wassarai. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Ēngliskas wirdeīns]] otpwcl1iu1zhwfmpg6kli030qdrm9d1 0 3612208 6699573 2025-07-01T19:02:55Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Laītawiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|obelis]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |obelis | align="left" |obelys |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |obelies, obels | align="left" |obelų |- | align="center" |Dātiws | ali..." 6699573 wikitext text/x-wiki == Laītawiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|obelis]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |obelis | align="left" |obelys |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |obelies, obels | align="left" |obelų |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |obeliai | align="left" |obelims |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |obelį | align="left" |obelis |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |obelimi | align="left" |obelimis |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |obelyje | align="left" |obelyse |- | align="center" |Wōkatiws | align="center" |obelie | align="left" |obelys |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Jie pasodino '''obelis.''''' → Tenēi sadinnusis '''ābalnins'''. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Laītawiskas wirdeīns]] h3gfoogfj28kp2qep9qrt74yll7gnrk 0 3612209 6699574 2025-07-01T19:14:22Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Lattawiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ābele]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /'aːbele/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |ābele | align="left" |ābeles |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |ābeles | align="left" |ābeļu |- | align="center" |Dā..." 6699574 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lattawiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ābele]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /'aːbele/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |ābele | align="left" |ābeles |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |ābeles | align="left" |ābeļu |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |ābelei | align="left" |ābelēm |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |ābeli | align="left" |ābeles |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |ābeli | align="left" |ābelēm |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |ābelē | align="left" |ābelēs |- | align="center" |Wōkatiws | align="center" |ābele | align="left" |ābeles |} === Perwaidīnsnas === [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Lattawiskas wirdeīns]] eerxdox00ww4xp4ocebkd7r0o38jghy 0 3612210 6699575 2025-07-01T19:27:21Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Maskōwitiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|яблоня]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈjabɫənʲə/ [[File:Ru-яблоня.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |я́блоня | align="left" |я́блони |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="cente..." 6699575 wikitext text/x-wiki == Maskōwitiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|яблоня]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈjabɫənʲə/ [[File:Ru-яблоня.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |я́блоня | align="left" |я́блони |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |я́блони | align="left" |я́блонь |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |я́блоне | align="left" |я́блоням |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |я́блоню | align="left" |я́блони |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |я́блоней, я́блонею | align="left" |я́блонями |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |я́блоне | align="left" |я́блонях |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Они посадили '''яблони'''.'' → Tenēi sadinnusis ābalnins. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Maskōwitiskas wirdeīns]] t4arx5l50910l3czzpb1j9rpmrpdfsh 0 3612211 6699588 2025-07-01T19:40:45Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Miksiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ein Apfelbaum]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈap͡fl̩ˌbaʊ̯m/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |der Apfelbaum | align="left" |die Apfelbäume |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |des Apfelbaums, des Apfelb..." 6699588 wikitext text/x-wiki == Miksiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ein Apfelbaum]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈap͡fl̩ˌbaʊ̯m/ === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |der Apfelbaum | align="left" |die Apfelbäume |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |des Apfelbaums, des Apfelbaumes | align="left" |der Apfelbäume |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |dem Apfelbaum, dem Apfelbaume | align="left" |den Apfelbäumen |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |den Apfelbaum | align="left" |die Apfelbäume |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Das ist ein '''Apfelbaum'''.'' → Sta ast '''ābalni'''. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns]] 2vun8hox0lrgye1ee238qh8eb6dwd66 6699591 6699588 2025-07-01T19:42:46Z Aklbmd164 2599371 6699591 wikitext text/x-wiki == Miksiskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|ein Apfelbaum]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈap͡fl̩ˌbaʊ̯m/ [[File:De-Apfelbaum.ogg]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, wīriskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |der Apfelbaum | align="left" |die Apfelbäume |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |des Apfelbaums, des Apfelbaumes | align="left" |der Apfelbäume |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |dem Apfelbaum, dem Apfelbaume | align="left" |den Apfelbäumen |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |den Apfelbaum | align="left" |die Apfelbäume |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''Das ist ein '''Apfelbaum'''.'' → Sta ast '''ābalni'''. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Miksiskas wirdeīns]] enuxn4y76quxl1e08ozfqqk9pb955wc 0 3612212 6699589 2025-07-01T19:41:45Z Jon Gua 2593212 Created page with "Ἡ '''Πατρική''', ἥτις καὶ '''Πατρολογία''' καλεῖται, ἐστὶν εἷς τῶν θεολογικῶν μερῶν, ὃ τῶν γραμμάτων καὶ διδασκαλιῶν τῶν Ἐκκλησιαστικῶν Πατέρων, ἀπὸ τοῦ α΄ αἰῶνος μέχρι τοῦ η΄ αἰῶνος κατὰ τὴν κοινὴν χρονολογίαν, ἐπιμελεῖται. Οἱ μελετηταὶ τοὺς λόγο..." 6699589 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Πατρική''', ἥτις καὶ '''Πατρολογία''' καλεῖται, ἐστὶν εἷς τῶν θεολογικῶν μερῶν, ὃ τῶν γραμμάτων καὶ διδασκαλιῶν τῶν Ἐκκλησιαστικῶν Πατέρων, ἀπὸ τοῦ α΄ αἰῶνος μέχρι τοῦ η΄ αἰῶνος κατὰ τὴν κοινὴν χρονολογίαν, ἐπιμελεῖται. Οἱ μελετηταὶ τοὺς λόγους καὶ τῶν ὀρθοδόξων καὶ τῶν αἱρετικῶν συγγραφέων ἀναλύουσιν. Ὡς χωριστὸν μάθημα ἡ Πατρική ἐν τῷ ιθ΄ αἰῶνι ἐφάνη, βοηθουμένη ὑπὸ τῶν κριτικῶν ἐκδόσεων, οἷον τῆς Πατρολογίας Λατίνης καὶ τῆς Πατρολογίας Ἑλληνικῆς. Ἡ πραγματεία ταύτη χρῆται τῇ γραμματικῇ ἀναλύσει, τῇ ἀρχαιολογίᾳ, καὶ τῇ ἱστορικῇ κρίσει ἵνα τὴν δογματικήν, πολιτιστικὴν καὶ νοητικὴν ἐξέλιξιν τῆς πρώϊμης Χριστιανικῆς πίστεως ἀναλάβῃ, προσλαμβάνουσα καὶ παραδόσεις πέραν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν καὶ Λατινικῶν, οἷον τὰς Συριακὰς, Αἰγυπτιακὰς, Ἀρμενιακὰς, Αἰθιοπικὰς τε. [[Category:Wp/grc]] 9kn2nf8i283pnypuaggm72fp5dbtis1 6699590 6699589 2025-07-01T19:42:07Z Jon Gua 2593212 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q189380]] 6699590 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Πατρική''', ἥτις καὶ '''Πατρολογία''' καλεῖται, ἐστὶν εἷς τῶν θεολογικῶν μερῶν, ὃ τῶν γραμμάτων καὶ διδασκαλιῶν τῶν Ἐκκλησιαστικῶν Πατέρων, ἀπὸ τοῦ α΄ αἰῶνος μέχρι τοῦ η΄ αἰῶνος κατὰ τὴν κοινὴν χρονολογίαν, ἐπιμελεῖται. Οἱ μελετηταὶ τοὺς λόγους καὶ τῶν ὀρθοδόξων καὶ τῶν αἱρετικῶν συγγραφέων ἀναλύουσιν. Ὡς χωριστὸν μάθημα ἡ Πατρική ἐν τῷ ιθ΄ αἰῶνι ἐφάνη, βοηθουμένη ὑπὸ τῶν κριτικῶν ἐκδόσεων, οἷον τῆς Πατρολογίας Λατίνης καὶ τῆς Πατρολογίας Ἑλληνικῆς. Ἡ πραγματεία ταύτη χρῆται τῇ γραμματικῇ ἀναλύσει, τῇ ἀρχαιολογίᾳ, καὶ τῇ ἱστορικῇ κρίσει ἵνα τὴν δογματικήν, πολιτιστικὴν καὶ νοητικὴν ἐξέλιξιν τῆς πρώϊμης Χριστιανικῆς πίστεως ἀναλάβῃ, προσλαμβάνουσα καὶ παραδόσεις πέραν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν καὶ Λατινικῶν, οἷον τὰς Συριακὰς, Αἰγυπτιακὰς, Ἀρμενιακὰς, Αἰθιοπικὰς τε. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q189380}} njx1nt7i4cq9u50kedyno7azmb84m6v 6699594 6699590 2025-07-01T19:46:21Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699594 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Πατρική''', ἥτις καὶ '''Πατρολογία''' καλεῖται, ἐστὶν εἷς τῶν θεολογικῶν μερῶν, ὃ τῶν γραμμάτων καὶ διδασκαλιῶν τῶν Ἐκκλησιαστικῶν Πατέρων, ἀπὸ τοῦ α΄ αἰῶνος μέχρι τοῦ η΄ αἰῶνος κατὰ τὴν κοινὴν χρονολογίαν, ἐπιμελεῖται. Οἱ μελετηταὶ τοὺς λόγους καὶ τῶν ὀρθοδόξων καὶ τῶν αἱρετικῶν συγγραφέων ἀναλύουσιν. Ὡς χωριστὸν μάθημα ἡ Πατρική ἐν τῷ ιθ΄ αἰῶνι ἐφάνη, βοηθουμένη ὑπὸ τῶν κριτικῶν ἐκδόσεων, οἷον τῆς Πατρολογίας Λατίνης (''Patrologia Latina'') καὶ τῆς Πατρολογίας Ἑλληνικῆς (''Patrologia Graeca''). Ἡ πραγματεία ταύτη χρῆται τῇ γραμματικῇ ἀναλύσει, τῇ ἀρχαιολογίᾳ, καὶ τῇ ἱστορικῇ κρίσει ἵνα τὴν δογματικήν, πολιτιστικὴν καὶ νοητικὴν ἐξέλιξιν τῆς πρώϊμης Χριστιανικῆς πίστεως ἀναλάβῃ, προσλαμβάνουσα καὶ παραδόσεις πέραν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν καὶ Λατινικῶν, οἷον τὰς Συριακὰς, Αἰγυπτιακὰς, Ἀρμενιακὰς, Αἰθιοπικὰς τε. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q189380}} 2yx2yak5dbkwocbrdhg7jbkptrxwj04 0 3612213 6699595 2025-07-01T19:49:22Z Baap8969 2607556 Created page with "= Cow Dung Architecture in Rural India = '''Cow Dung Architecture''' refers to the traditional practice of using cow dung as a construction and coating material in rural India. For centuries, cow dung has played a vital role in the everyday life of Indian villagers, not only as fuel and fertilizer but also in building sustainable and eco-friendly homes. == History == The use of cow dung in Indian architecture dates back thousands of years. Ancient texts such as the Ved..." 6699595 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cow Dung Architecture in Rural India = '''Cow Dung Architecture''' refers to the traditional practice of using cow dung as a construction and coating material in rural India. For centuries, cow dung has played a vital role in the everyday life of Indian villagers, not only as fuel and fertilizer but also in building sustainable and eco-friendly homes. == History == The use of cow dung in Indian architecture dates back thousands of years. Ancient texts such as the Vedas and Ayurvedic scriptures mention the benefits of cow dung in purifying spaces and promoting health. Across various regions in India, it became customary to use a mixture of cow dung and clay to plaster floors and walls. == Composition and Preparation == The mixture typically used includes: * Fresh cow dung * Clay or mud * Water * Sometimes straw or husk for reinforcement The resulting paste is applied directly to earthen floors, brick walls, or bamboo frameworks. In some areas, lime is also added to improve water resistance. == Applications in Construction == === 1. Floor Coating === Cow dung slurry is applied on earthen or mud floors to create smooth, hard surfaces that are insect-repellent and odor-free. It is reapplied periodically in many homes. === 2. Wall Plastering === Rural households often use cow dung to plaster mud walls. It helps prevent cracks, acts as insulation, and resists pests. === 3. Roofing Support === In regions where bamboo and thatch are used for roofing, cow dung may be used to seal joints or support structural binding. === 4. Artistic and Decorative Use === Tribal communities such as the Warli and Santhals create wall paintings and murals using cow dung as a base. In festivals like Diwali and Pongal, symbolic designs (alpana, kolam, rangoli) are drawn over dried dung-coated surfaces. == Benefits == * **Antiseptic Properties:** Natural disinfectant that prevents microbial growth. * **Thermal Insulation:** Keeps homes cooler in summer and warmer in winter. * **Eco-Friendly:** 100% biodegradable and renewable. * **Low Cost:** Readily available in agrarian households. == Regional Variations == * **Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh:** Cow dung mixed with red mud is used for murals and interior walls. * **Rajasthan:** Used in traditional huts (jhopdis) for floors and domed roofs. * **Tamil Nadu:** Referred to as "sambrani", used in temple rituals and homes. * **West Bengal:** Dung-coated floors are common in mud houses and are considered sacred. == Cultural Significance == In Indian culture, the cow is revered as sacred, and cow dung is believed to bring positive energy. Homes cleaned with cow dung paste are considered pure and spiritually uplifting. During festivals, a fresh layer of cow dung is often applied to the home entrance as a sign of renewal and devotion. == Challenges in Modern Times == With urbanization and concrete-based housing, the use of cow dung in construction is declining. However, with rising awareness of sustainability and ecological living, many eco-villages and organic farms are reviving this ancient practice. == Scientific Recognition == Studies have confirmed the antimicrobial and insulating properties of cow dung. Architecture schools and eco-designers in India and abroad are exploring its applications in green building. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Earthen architecture|Earthen architecture]] * [[Wp/efi/Sustainable building materials|Sustainable building materials]] * [[Wp/efi/Vernacular architecture of India|Vernacular architecture of India]] * [[Wp/efi/Cow dung fuel|Cow dung fuel]] * [[Wp/efi/Warli painting|Warli painting]] == References == 1. Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India – "Traditional Housing Techniques" 2. TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) – Research on cow dung's insulation properties 3. Journal of Rural Development and Environment – Vol 22, Issue 4 4. "Sacred Cow: Cultural and Environmental Significance" – Indian Cultural Studies Review 5. [https://www.cseindia.org Centre for Science and Environment – Eco-construction] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Architecture of India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Vernacular architecture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sustainable construction]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Rural India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Traditional materials]] 88gy7vw41eqd4c60aqwwjg9culoqgh0 6699596 6699595 2025-07-01T19:49:39Z Baap8969 2607556 6699596 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cow Dung Architecture in Rural India = '''Cow Dung Architecture''' refers to the traditional practice of using cow dung as a construction and coating material in rural India. For centuries, cow dung has played a vital role in the everyday life of Indian villagers, not only as fuel and fertilizer but also in building sustainable and eco-friendly homes. == History == The use of cow dung in Indian architecture dates back thousands of years. Ancient texts such as the Vedas and Ayurvedic scriptures mention the benefits of cow dung in purifying spaces and promoting health. Across various regions in India, it became customary to use a mixture of cow dung and clay to plaster floors and walls. == Composition and Preparation == The mixture typically used includes: * Fresh cow dung * Clay or mud * Water * Sometimes straw or husk for reinforcement The resulting paste is applied directly to earthen floors, brick walls, or bamboo frameworks. In some areas, lime is also added to improve water resistance. == Applications in Construction == === 1. Floor Coating === Cow dung slurry is applied on earthen or mud floors to create smooth, hard surfaces that are insect-repellent and odor-free. It is reapplied periodically in many homes. === 2. Wall Plastering === Rural households often use cow dung to plaster mud walls. It helps prevent cracks, acts as insulation, and resists pests. === 3. Roofing Support === In regions where bamboo and thatch are used for roofing, cow dung may be used to seal joints or support structural binding. === 4. Artistic and Decorative Use === Tribal communities such as the Warli and Santhals create wall paintings and murals using cow dung as a base. In festivals like Diwali and Pongal, symbolic designs (alpana, kolam, rangoli) are drawn over dried dung-coated surfaces. == Benefits == * **Antiseptic Properties:** Natural disinfectant that prevents microbial growth. * **Thermal Insulation:** Keeps homes cooler in summer and warmer in winter. * **Eco-Friendly:** 100% biodegradable and renewable. * **Low Cost:** Readily available in agrarian households. == Regional Variations == * **Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh:** Cow dung mixed with red mud is used for murals and interior walls. * **Rajasthan:** Used in traditional huts (jhopdis) for floors and domed roofs. * **Tamil Nadu:** Referred to as "sambrani", used in temple rituals and homes. * **West Bengal:** Dung-coated floors are common in mud houses and are considered sacred. == Cultural Significance == In Indian culture, the cow is revered as sacred, and cow dung is believed to bring positive energy. Homes cleaned with cow dung paste are considered pure and spiritually uplifting. During festivals, a fresh layer of cow dung is often applied to the home entrance as a sign of renewal and devotion. == Challenges in Modern Times == With urbanization and concrete-based housing, the use of cow dung in construction is declining. However, with rising awareness of sustainability and ecological living, many eco-villages and organic farms are reviving this ancient practice. == Scientific Recognition == Studies have confirmed the antimicrobial and insulating properties of cow dung. Architecture schools and eco-designers in India and abroad are exploring its applications in green building. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Earthen architecture|Earthen architecture]] * [[Wp/efi/Sustainable building materials|Sustainable building materials]] * [[Wp/efi/Vernacular architecture of India|Vernacular architecture of India]] * [[Wp/efi/Cow dung fuel|Cow dung fuel]] * [[Wp/efi/Warli painting|Warli painting]] == References == 1. Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India – "Traditional Housing Techniques" 2. TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) – Research on cow dung's insulation properties 3. Journal of Rural Development and Environment – Vol 22, Issue 4 4. "Sacred Cow: Cultural and Environmental Significance" – Indian Cultural Studies Review 5. [https://www.cseindia.org Centre for Science and Environment – Eco-construction] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Architecture of India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Vernacular architecture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sustainable construction]] 4lyxarjyboiiq808uedurtkm9z5lrgd 6699597 6699596 2025-07-01T19:49:53Z Baap8969 2607556 6699597 wikitext text/x-wiki = Cow Dung Architecture in Rural India = '''Cow Dung Architecture''' refers to the traditional practice of using cow dung as a construction and coating material in rural India. For centuries, cow dung has played a vital role in the everyday life of Indian villagers, not only as fuel and fertilizer but also in building sustainable and eco-friendly homes. == History == The use of cow dung in Indian architecture dates back thousands of years. Ancient texts such as the Vedas and Ayurvedic scriptures mention the benefits of cow dung in purifying spaces and promoting health. Across various regions in India, it became customary to use a mixture of cow dung and clay to plaster floors and walls. == Composition and Preparation == The mixture typically used includes: * Fresh cow dung * Clay or mud * Water * Sometimes straw or husk for reinforcement The resulting paste is applied directly to earthen floors, brick walls, or bamboo frameworks. In some areas, lime is also added to improve water resistance. == Applications in Construction == === 1. Floor Coating === Cow dung slurry is applied on earthen or mud floors to create smooth, hard surfaces that are insect-repellent and odor-free. It is reapplied periodically in many homes. === 2. Wall Plastering === Rural households often use cow dung to plaster mud walls. It helps prevent cracks, acts as insulation, and resists pests. === 3. Roofing Support === In regions where bamboo and thatch are used for roofing, cow dung may be used to seal joints or support structural binding. === 4. Artistic and Decorative Use === Tribal communities such as the Warli and Santhals create wall paintings and murals using cow dung as a base. In festivals like Diwali and Pongal, symbolic designs (alpana, kolam, rangoli) are drawn over dried dung-coated surfaces. == Benefits == * **Antiseptic Properties:** Natural disinfectant that prevents microbial growth. * **Thermal Insulation:** Keeps homes cooler in summer and warmer in winter. * **Eco-Friendly:** 100% biodegradable and renewable. * **Low Cost:** Readily available in agrarian households. == Regional Variations == * **Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh:** Cow dung mixed with red mud is used for murals and interior walls. * **Rajasthan:** Used in traditional huts (jhopdis) for floors and domed roofs. * **Tamil Nadu:** Referred to as "sambrani", used in temple rituals and homes. * **West Bengal:** Dung-coated floors are common in mud houses and are considered sacred. == Cultural Significance == In Indian culture, the cow is revered as sacred, and cow dung is believed to bring positive energy. Homes cleaned with cow dung paste are considered pure and spiritually uplifting. During festivals, a fresh layer of cow dung is often applied to the home entrance as a sign of renewal and devotion. == Challenges in Modern Times == With urbanization and concrete-based housing, the use of cow dung in construction is declining. However, with rising awareness of sustainability and ecological living, many eco-villages and organic farms are reviving this ancient practice. == Scientific Recognition == Studies have confirmed the antimicrobial and insulating properties of cow dung. Architecture schools and eco-designers in India and abroad are exploring its applications in green building. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Earthen architecture|Earthen architecture]] * [[Wp/efi/Sustainable building materials|Sustainable building materials]] * [[Wp/efi/Vernacular architecture of India|Vernacular architecture of India]] * [[Wp/efi/Cow dung fuel|Cow dung fuel]] * [[Wp/efi/Warli painting|Warli painting]] == References == 1. Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India – "Traditional Housing Techniques" 2. TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) – Research on cow dung's insulation properties 3. Journal of Rural Development and Environment – Vol 22, Issue 4 4. "Sacred Cow: Cultural and Environmental Significance" – Indian Cultural Studies Review 5. [https://www.cseindia.org Centre for Science and Environment – Eco-construction] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Architecture of India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Vernacular architecture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sustainable construction]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Rural India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Traditional materials]] 88gy7vw41eqd4c60aqwwjg9culoqgh0 0 3612214 6699598 2025-07-01T19:51:26Z Baap8969 2607556 Created page with "= Kanuma Festival (Andhra Pradesh) = '''Kanuma''' is a traditional festival celebrated primarily in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and parts of Telangana. It is observed as part of the four-day **Sankranti festival**, typically falling on the third day of the celebration. The festival is dedicated to honoring and thanking cattle, particularly cows and bulls, for their essential role in agriculture and rural livelihood. == Overview == Kanuma is celebrated the day af..." 6699598 wikitext text/x-wiki = Kanuma Festival (Andhra Pradesh) = '''Kanuma''' is a traditional festival celebrated primarily in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and parts of Telangana. It is observed as part of the four-day **Sankranti festival**, typically falling on the third day of the celebration. The festival is dedicated to honoring and thanking cattle, particularly cows and bulls, for their essential role in agriculture and rural livelihood. == Overview == Kanuma is celebrated the day after Makara Sankranti, which marks the sun's transition into the Capricorn zodiac sign. While Makara Sankranti is about harvest and prosperity, Kanuma is centered around the **worship of livestock**, symbolizing the harmony between humans, animals, and nature. == Etymology == The word "Kanuma" (కనుమ) is derived from the Telugu language and is traditionally interpreted as a day of celebration and respect toward **domestic cattle** like bulls, oxen, and cows, which are integral to rural life and agriculture. == Date and Duration == Kanuma is observed on the **third day** of the four-day Sankranti festivities: * **Day 1:** Bhogi * **Day 2:** Makara Sankranti * **Day 3:** **Kanuma** * **Day 4:** Mukkanuma Typically, it is celebrated on **January 16th** every year (subject to slight variation depending on the solar calendar). == Rituals and Celebrations == === 1. Cattle Worship === Farmers wash and decorate their cattle with: * Colorful cloths * Beaded necklaces * Tinkling bells * Haldi (turmeric) and kumkum marks * Flower garlands After decoration, they are taken in processions, offered special prayers, and fed with traditional foods like sweet rice or banana-based dishes. === 2. Agricultural Significance === Cattle are considered **vital partners** in plowing fields, transporting produce, and dairy farming. Kanuma is a way for the agrarian community to show gratitude to these animals. === 3. Community Activities === * **Village fairs** and **bull races** are organized in some regions. * **Cockfights** (though controversial and sometimes banned) are traditional in some rural areas during Kanuma. * **Games, food-sharing**, and **cultural performances** mark the festival. * Some communities host **pujas for ploughs and farm tools**, acknowledging the tools of agriculture. === 4. Special Foods === Households prepare: * Pongal (sweet rice) * Ariselu (sweet rice flour cakes) * Garelu (vada) * Seasonal vegetables and pulses The food is often shared with neighbors, relatives, and community members. == Socio-Cultural Importance == Kanuma reflects the deep **connection between humans and animals** in Indian rural society. It emphasizes the respect for cattle as not just economic assets but as part of the family. It also reinforces community bonds through collective celebrations. == Modern Context == Though the celebration continues widely in villages, urban areas have seen a decline in traditional practices due to limited access to cattle. However, rural schools and cultural centers organize awareness programs to preserve and pass down these customs. == Environmental and Ethical Discussions == There has been ongoing debate over animal rights, especially around cockfights and bull sports during Kanuma. Animal welfare organizations have raised concerns, leading to restrictions in some areas. However, the **core philosophy of Kanuma remains one of reverence and care** for animals. == Related Festivals == * **Mattu Pongal (Tamil Nadu)** – Similar cattle-worship festival on the same day * **Makar Sankranti (Pan-India)** * **Poush Sankranti (Bengal)** == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Sankranti festival|Sankranti festival]] * [[Wp/efi/Harvest festivals of India|Harvest festivals of India]] * [[Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture|Cattle in Indian culture]] * [[Wp/efi/Pongal (festival)|Pongal (festival)]] == References == 1. Andhra Pradesh Government Cultural Portal – Festivals Section 2. "Folk Traditions of South India" – Indian Heritage Journal, 2020 3. Telugu Academy – "Sankranti and Seasonal Festivals" 4. [https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/celebrating-kanuma/article108696.ece The Hindu – Celebrating Kanuma] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Harvest festivals]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Hindu festivals]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Animal worship in India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Agricultural traditions in India]] ffjpukfjaipznd1prtaqmnz4kucjity 6699599 6699598 2025-07-01T19:52:50Z Baap8969 2607556 6699599 wikitext text/x-wiki = Kanuma Festival (Andhra Pradesh) = '''Kanuma''' is a culturally significant festival celebrated predominantly in the Indian states of **Andhra Pradesh** and **Telangana**. It forms the third day of the four-day-long **Sankranti festival**, one of the most important harvest celebrations in South India. Kanuma is devoted to **honoring cattle**, especially cows, bulls, and oxen, recognizing their vital role in traditional agriculture and rural economy. == Festival Sequence == Kanuma is celebrated as the third day in the Sankranti series: * '''Day 1 – Bhogi:''' Cleansing, discarding old items, and lighting bonfires to mark a new beginning. * '''Day 2 – Makara Sankranti:''' Celebrates the harvest, sun’s entry into Capricorn (Makara Rashi), and prosperity. * '''Day 3 – Kanuma:''' Honoring livestock and agricultural tools. * '''Day 4 – Mukkanuma:''' Devoted to feasting and worshiping nature and animals; involves community gatherings and food sharing. == Etymology == The term "Kanuma" (కనుమ) has roots in the Telugu language. Though its precise linguistic origin is debated, it is associated with **seeing, showing, or displaying**, possibly referencing the showcasing of **decorated cattle and farm assets** as a symbol of prosperity. == Cultural Significance == In agrarian societies, animals are integral to farming. **Bulls plough the fields, cows provide milk**, and both animals contribute to transport, manure, and maintaining soil fertility. Kanuma is a **day of thanksgiving**, where farmers express **gratitude and reverence to these animals**. The festival also strengthens the **spiritual and symbolic relationship** between humans and animals, highlighting themes of coexistence, non-violence, and sustainable living. == Rituals and Celebrations == === 1. Cattle Worship (Pasuvula Pooja) === * Cattle are bathed, groomed, and **decorated with vibrant clothes, flowers, turmeric, vermilion (kumkum)**, and **beaded ornaments**. * Horns are painted with natural dyes in vivid colors. * Bells are tied around their necks, and animals are **paraded in the village streets**. * **Aarti (ceremonial flame)** is performed for cows and bulls by the family, especially by women and elders. * Special **Naivedyam (offerings)** such as rice, bananas, jaggery, and fodder are fed to the cattle. * In some regions, **pujas are performed to the plough and farming tools** as a mark of respect. === 2. Govu Sammelana (Cattle Gathering) === * Farmers often **gather in open fields** or near temples with their cattle. * Competitions are organized to showcase **the healthiest bull**, **decorated cow**, or **strongest ox**. * Children enjoy riding bullock carts, and **folk dances** are performed in some villages. === 3. Traditional Rural Sports === * **Bull-taming events**, although increasingly regulated, are still practiced in some districts. * **Cockfighting (Kodi Pandem)** – a controversial tradition, is part of Kanuma in some areas despite legal restrictions. * **Buffalo races, bullock cart races**, and **tug-of-war** events are common in rural settings. === 4. Worship of Lord Krishna and Cows === Many households also associate Kanuma with the **Govardhan Leela of Lord Krishna**, where he lifted the Govardhan hill to protect cows and people. As a result, **cow worship during Kanuma** is both spiritual and agricultural. === 5. Feasting and Food Sharing === Kanuma is also a day of **feasting**, especially among farming families. Common dishes include: * Pulihora (tamarind rice) * Pongal (sweet and savory) * Ariselu (jaggery and rice sweets) * Garelu (vada) * Vegetable curries made from freshly harvested produce In some areas, **non-vegetarian food** is prepared, particularly on Mukkanuma (the following day), and is shared in large community feasts. == Regional Variations == * In **coastal Andhra**, large processions of decorated bulls are held with accompanying drums and folk dances. * In **Rayalaseema**, farmers gather in fields to celebrate with traditional games and plough-pujas. * In **Telangana**, the emphasis is on rural sports and cattle showcasing, along with temple festivities. == Eco-Cultural Aspects == * Promotes **respect for animals** and **sustainable farming**. * Encourages the **organic use of natural resources**, like cow dung for flooring and compost. * Reinforces **biodiversity and harmony with nature**. == Challenges and Controversies == While the festival's core values are of gratitude and non-violence, modern challenges include: * **Animal rights concerns**, especially over cockfighting and tethering of cattle. * **Declining participation** in urban areas due to modernization and migration. * **Commercialization** of festivities in some towns, replacing cultural depth with showmanship. == Government and Legal Aspects == * Some practices like **cockfighting** have been challenged in courts under animal protection laws. * However, local governments in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have supported **Kanuma celebrations through cattle exhibitions, subsidies for farmers**, and **awareness campaigns on sustainable agriculture**. == Educational and Awareness Campaigns == In recent years, NGOs and rural development bodies have conducted **Kanuma-themed workshops** in schools to: * Teach children about **native breeds of cows** * Promote the values of **Ahimsa (non-violence)** and **eco-consciousness** * Highlight the **importance of indigenous farming practices** == Related Festivals == * [[Wp/efi/Mattu Pongal|Mattu Pongal]] – Celebrated in Tamil Nadu on the same day to worship cattle. * [[Wp/efi/Govardhan Puja|Govardhan Puja]] – Cow and nature worship celebrated after Diwali in North India. * [[Wp/efi/Makar Sankranti|Makar Sankranti]] – Pan-Indian harvest festival. * [[Wp/efi/Poush Sankranti|Poush Sankranti]] – Celebrated in Bengal with different customs. == In Modern Popular Culture == * **Kanuma-themed scenes** are depicted in Telugu movies showcasing village life. * Cultural programs on TV channels highlight the **significance of traditional cattle and farming customs**. * Social media campaigns run by rural influencers have popularized the visuals of **decorated bulls and cultural events**. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Harvest festivals in India|Harvest festivals in India]] * [[Wp/efi/Sankranti festival|Sankranti festival]] * [[Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture|Cattle in Indian culture]] * [[Wp/efi/Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh|Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh]] == References == 1. Telugu Academy Textbook – "Sankranti and Traditional Festivals" 2. Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department – Festival Calendar and Rural Heritage 3. The Hindu – “Why Kanuma Matters for Farmers” (Jan 2021) 4. Telangana Culture Portal – Festivals and Traditions 5. National Dairy Development Board – Reports on Indigenous Cattle in India 6. [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/jan/16/kanuma-celebrated-across-ap-with-devotion-and-joy-2537889.html News Report – Kanuma Celebrations in Andhra Pradesh, 2023] == External Links == * [https://www.ap.gov.in Andhra Pradesh Government Website] * [https://www.telanganaculture.gov.in Telangana Cultural Heritage Portal] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankranti Sankranti on English Wikipedia] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Telugu culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Hindu festivals]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Agricultural festivals in India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sankranti festival]] ahegxahepme4cr68o9rjnkjfgbqn6qw 6699601 6699599 2025-07-01T19:54:25Z Baap8969 2607556 6699601 wikitext text/x-wiki = Kanuma Festival (Andhra Pradesh) = [[File:Decorated bull on Kanuma festival.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A decorated bull during Kanuma celebrations in Andhra Pradesh]] '''Kanuma''' is a culturally significant festival celebrated predominantly in the Indian states of **Andhra Pradesh** and **Telangana**. It forms the third day of the four-day-long **Sankranti festival**, one of the most important harvest celebrations in South India. Kanuma is devoted to **honoring cattle**, especially cows, bulls, and oxen, recognizing their vital role in traditional agriculture and rural economy. == Festival Sequence == Kanuma is celebrated as the third day in the Sankranti series: * '''Day 1 – Bhogi:''' Cleansing, discarding old items, and lighting bonfires to mark a new beginning. * '''Day 2 – Makara Sankranti:''' Celebrates the harvest, sun’s entry into Capricorn (Makara Rashi), and prosperity. * '''Day 3 – Kanuma:''' Honoring livestock and agricultural tools. * '''Day 4 – Mukkanuma:''' Devoted to feasting and worshiping nature and animals; involves community gatherings and food sharing. == Etymology == The term "Kanuma" (కనుమ) has roots in the Telugu language. Though its precise linguistic origin is debated, it is associated with **seeing, showing, or displaying**, possibly referencing the showcasing of **decorated cattle and farm assets** as a symbol of prosperity. == Cultural Significance == In agrarian societies, animals are integral to farming. **Bulls plough the fields, cows provide milk**, and both animals contribute to transport, manure, and maintaining soil fertility. Kanuma is a **day of thanksgiving**, where farmers express **gratitude and reverence to these animals**. The festival also strengthens the **spiritual and symbolic relationship** between humans and animals, highlighting themes of coexistence, non-violence, and sustainable living. == Rituals and Celebrations == === 1. Cattle Worship (Pasuvula Pooja) === * Cattle are bathed, groomed, and **decorated with vibrant clothes, flowers, turmeric, vermilion (kumkum)**, and **beaded ornaments**. * Horns are painted with natural dyes in vivid colors. * Bells are tied around their necks, and animals are **paraded in the village streets**. * **Aarti (ceremonial flame)** is performed for cows and bulls by the family, especially by women and elders. * Special **Naivedyam (offerings)** such as rice, bananas, jaggery, and fodder are fed to the cattle. * In some regions, **pujas are performed to the plough and farming tools** as a mark of respect. === 2. Govu Sammelana (Cattle Gathering) === * Farmers often **gather in open fields** or near temples with their cattle. * Competitions are organized to showcase **the healthiest bull**, **decorated cow**, or **strongest ox**. * Children enjoy riding bullock carts, and **folk dances** are performed in some villages. === 3. Traditional Rural Sports === * **Bull-taming events**, although increasingly regulated, are still practiced in some districts. * **Cockfighting (Kodi Pandem)** – a controversial tradition, is part of Kanuma in some areas despite legal restrictions. * **Buffalo races, bullock cart races**, and **tug-of-war** events are common in rural settings. === 4. Worship of Lord Krishna and Cows === Many households also associate Kanuma with the **Govardhan Leela of Lord Krishna**, where he lifted the Govardhan hill to protect cows and people. As a result, **cow worship during Kanuma** is both spiritual and agricultural. === 5. Feasting and Food Sharing === Kanuma is also a day of **feasting**, especially among farming families. Common dishes include: * Pulihora (tamarind rice) * Pongal (sweet and savory) * Ariselu (jaggery and rice sweets) * Garelu (vada) * Vegetable curries made from freshly harvested produce In some areas, **non-vegetarian food** is prepared, particularly on Mukkanuma (the following day), and is shared in large community feasts. == Regional Variations == * In **coastal Andhra**, large processions of decorated bulls are held with accompanying drums and folk dances. * In **Rayalaseema**, farmers gather in fields to celebrate with traditional games and plough-pujas. * In **Telangana**, the emphasis is on rural sports and cattle showcasing, along with temple festivities. == Eco-Cultural Aspects == * Promotes **respect for animals** and **sustainable farming**. * Encourages the **organic use of natural resources**, like cow dung for flooring and compost. * Reinforces **biodiversity and harmony with nature**. == Challenges and Controversies == While the festival's core values are of gratitude and non-violence, modern challenges include: * **Animal rights concerns**, especially over cockfighting and tethering of cattle. * **Declining participation** in urban areas due to modernization and migration. * **Commercialization** of festivities in some towns, replacing cultural depth with showmanship. == Government and Legal Aspects == * Some practices like **cockfighting** have been challenged in courts under animal protection laws. * However, local governments in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have supported **Kanuma celebrations through cattle exhibitions, subsidies for farmers**, and **awareness campaigns on sustainable agriculture**. == Educational and Awareness Campaigns == In recent years, NGOs and rural development bodies have conducted **Kanuma-themed workshops** in schools to: * Teach children about **native breeds of cows** * Promote the values of **Ahimsa (non-violence)** and **eco-consciousness** * Highlight the **importance of indigenous farming practices** == Related Festivals == * [[Wp/efi/Mattu Pongal|Mattu Pongal]] – Celebrated in Tamil Nadu on the same day to worship cattle. * [[Wp/efi/Govardhan Puja|Govardhan Puja]] – Cow and nature worship celebrated after Diwali in North India. * [[Wp/efi/Makar Sankranti|Makar Sankranti]] – Pan-Indian harvest festival. * [[Wp/efi/Poush Sankranti|Poush Sankranti]] – Celebrated in Bengal with different customs. == In Modern Popular Culture == * **Kanuma-themed scenes** are depicted in Telugu movies showcasing village life. * Cultural programs on TV channels highlight the **significance of traditional cattle and farming customs**. * Social media campaigns run by rural influencers have popularized the visuals of **decorated bulls and cultural events**. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Harvest festivals in India|Harvest festivals in India]] * [[Wp/efi/Sankranti festival|Sankranti festival]] * [[Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture|Cattle in Indian culture]] * [[Wp/efi/Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh|Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh]] == References == 1. Telugu Academy Textbook – "Sankranti and Traditional Festivals" 2. Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department – Festival Calendar and Rural Heritage 3. The Hindu – “Why Kanuma Matters for Farmers” (Jan 2021) 4. Telangana Culture Portal – Festivals and Traditions 5. National Dairy Development Board – Reports on Indigenous Cattle in India 6. [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/jan/16/kanuma-celebrated-across-ap-with-devotion-and-joy-2537889.html News Report – Kanuma Celebrations in Andhra Pradesh, 2023] == External Links == * [https://www.ap.gov.in Andhra Pradesh Government Website] * [https://www.telanganaculture.gov.in Telangana Cultural Heritage Portal] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankranti Sankranti on English Wikipedia] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Telugu culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Hindu festivals]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Agricultural festivals in India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sankranti festival]] rl0jvqsygasqc2u6fxcydyd0o5e17f3 6699603 6699601 2025-07-01T19:55:37Z Baap8969 2607556 6699603 wikitext text/x-wiki = Kanuma Festival (Andhra Pradesh) = [[File:Project for Inheritance, Kanuma Autumn Festival.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Project for Inheritance, Kanuma Autumn Festival in andhra pradesh]] '''Kanuma''' is a culturally significant festival celebrated predominantly in the Indian states of **Andhra Pradesh** and **Telangana**. It forms the third day of the four-day-long **Sankranti festival**, one of the most important harvest celebrations in South India. Kanuma is devoted to **honoring cattle**, especially cows, bulls, and oxen, recognizing their vital role in traditional agriculture and rural economy. == Festival Sequence == Kanuma is celebrated as the third day in the Sankranti series: * '''Day 1 – Bhogi:''' Cleansing, discarding old items, and lighting bonfires to mark a new beginning. * '''Day 2 – Makara Sankranti:''' Celebrates the harvest, sun’s entry into Capricorn (Makara Rashi), and prosperity. * '''Day 3 – Kanuma:''' Honoring livestock and agricultural tools. * '''Day 4 – Mukkanuma:''' Devoted to feasting and worshiping nature and animals; involves community gatherings and food sharing. == Etymology == The term "Kanuma" (కనుమ) has roots in the Telugu language. Though its precise linguistic origin is debated, it is associated with **seeing, showing, or displaying**, possibly referencing the showcasing of **decorated cattle and farm assets** as a symbol of prosperity. == Cultural Significance == In agrarian societies, animals are integral to farming. **Bulls plough the fields, cows provide milk**, and both animals contribute to transport, manure, and maintaining soil fertility. Kanuma is a **day of thanksgiving**, where farmers express **gratitude and reverence to these animals**. The festival also strengthens the **spiritual and symbolic relationship** between humans and animals, highlighting themes of coexistence, non-violence, and sustainable living. == Rituals and Celebrations == === 1. Cattle Worship (Pasuvula Pooja) === * Cattle are bathed, groomed, and **decorated with vibrant clothes, flowers, turmeric, vermilion (kumkum)**, and **beaded ornaments**. * Horns are painted with natural dyes in vivid colors. * Bells are tied around their necks, and animals are **paraded in the village streets**. * **Aarti (ceremonial flame)** is performed for cows and bulls by the family, especially by women and elders. * Special **Naivedyam (offerings)** such as rice, bananas, jaggery, and fodder are fed to the cattle. * In some regions, **pujas are performed to the plough and farming tools** as a mark of respect. === 2. Govu Sammelana (Cattle Gathering) === * Farmers often **gather in open fields** or near temples with their cattle. * Competitions are organized to showcase **the healthiest bull**, **decorated cow**, or **strongest ox**. * Children enjoy riding bullock carts, and **folk dances** are performed in some villages. === 3. Traditional Rural Sports === * **Bull-taming events**, although increasingly regulated, are still practiced in some districts. * **Cockfighting (Kodi Pandem)** – a controversial tradition, is part of Kanuma in some areas despite legal restrictions. * **Buffalo races, bullock cart races**, and **tug-of-war** events are common in rural settings. === 4. Worship of Lord Krishna and Cows === Many households also associate Kanuma with the **Govardhan Leela of Lord Krishna**, where he lifted the Govardhan hill to protect cows and people. As a result, **cow worship during Kanuma** is both spiritual and agricultural. === 5. Feasting and Food Sharing === Kanuma is also a day of **feasting**, especially among farming families. Common dishes include: * Pulihora (tamarind rice) * Pongal (sweet and savory) * Ariselu (jaggery and rice sweets) * Garelu (vada) * Vegetable curries made from freshly harvested produce In some areas, **non-vegetarian food** is prepared, particularly on Mukkanuma (the following day), and is shared in large community feasts. == Regional Variations == * In **coastal Andhra**, large processions of decorated bulls are held with accompanying drums and folk dances. * In **Rayalaseema**, farmers gather in fields to celebrate with traditional games and plough-pujas. * In **Telangana**, the emphasis is on rural sports and cattle showcasing, along with temple festivities. == Eco-Cultural Aspects == * Promotes **respect for animals** and **sustainable farming**. * Encourages the **organic use of natural resources**, like cow dung for flooring and compost. * Reinforces **biodiversity and harmony with nature**. == Challenges and Controversies == While the festival's core values are of gratitude and non-violence, modern challenges include: * **Animal rights concerns**, especially over cockfighting and tethering of cattle. * **Declining participation** in urban areas due to modernization and migration. * **Commercialization** of festivities in some towns, replacing cultural depth with showmanship. == Government and Legal Aspects == * Some practices like **cockfighting** have been challenged in courts under animal protection laws. * However, local governments in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have supported **Kanuma celebrations through cattle exhibitions, subsidies for farmers**, and **awareness campaigns on sustainable agriculture**. == Educational and Awareness Campaigns == In recent years, NGOs and rural development bodies have conducted **Kanuma-themed workshops** in schools to: * Teach children about **native breeds of cows** * Promote the values of **Ahimsa (non-violence)** and **eco-consciousness** * Highlight the **importance of indigenous farming practices** == Related Festivals == * [[Wp/efi/Mattu Pongal|Mattu Pongal]] – Celebrated in Tamil Nadu on the same day to worship cattle. * [[Wp/efi/Govardhan Puja|Govardhan Puja]] – Cow and nature worship celebrated after Diwali in North India. * [[Wp/efi/Makar Sankranti|Makar Sankranti]] – Pan-Indian harvest festival. * [[Wp/efi/Poush Sankranti|Poush Sankranti]] – Celebrated in Bengal with different customs. == In Modern Popular Culture == * **Kanuma-themed scenes** are depicted in Telugu movies showcasing village life. * Cultural programs on TV channels highlight the **significance of traditional cattle and farming customs**. * Social media campaigns run by rural influencers have popularized the visuals of **decorated bulls and cultural events**. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Harvest festivals in India|Harvest festivals in India]] * [[Wp/efi/Sankranti festival|Sankranti festival]] * [[Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture|Cattle in Indian culture]] * [[Wp/efi/Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh|Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh]] == References == 1. Telugu Academy Textbook – "Sankranti and Traditional Festivals" 2. Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department – Festival Calendar and Rural Heritage 3. The Hindu – “Why Kanuma Matters for Farmers” (Jan 2021) 4. Telangana Culture Portal – Festivals and Traditions 5. National Dairy Development Board – Reports on Indigenous Cattle in India 6. [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/jan/16/kanuma-celebrated-across-ap-with-devotion-and-joy-2537889.html News Report – Kanuma Celebrations in Andhra Pradesh, 2023] == External Links == * [https://www.ap.gov.in Andhra Pradesh Government Website] * [https://www.telanganaculture.gov.in Telangana Cultural Heritage Portal] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankranti Sankranti on English Wikipedia] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Telugu culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Hindu festivals]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Agricultural festivals in India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sankranti festival]] 420fe4q2dbrh5q9v4pvhk5mwkhohf6w 6699604 6699603 2025-07-01T19:59:40Z Baap8969 2607556 6699604 wikitext text/x-wiki = Kanuma Festival (Andhra Pradesh) = [[File:Project for Inheritance, Kanuma Autumn Festival.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Project for Inheritance, Kanuma Autumn Festival in Andhra Pradesh]] '''Kanuma''' is a culturally significant festival celebrated predominantly in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It forms the third day of the four-day-long Sankranti festival, one of the most important harvest celebrations in South India. Kanuma is devoted to honoring cattle, especially cows, bulls, and oxen, recognizing their vital role in traditional agriculture and rural economy. == Festival Sequence == Kanuma is celebrated as the third day in the Sankranti series: * Day 1 – Bhogi: Cleansing, discarding old items, and lighting bonfires to mark a new beginning. * Day 2 – Makara Sankranti: Celebrates the harvest, sun’s entry into Capricorn (Makara Rashi), and prosperity. * Day 3 – Kanuma: Honoring livestock and agricultural tools. * Day 4 – Mukkanuma: Devoted to feasting and worshiping nature and animals; involves community gatherings and food sharing. == Etymology == The term "Kanuma" (కనుమ) has roots in the Telugu language. Though its precise linguistic origin is debated, it is associated with seeing, showing, or displaying, possibly referencing the showcasing of decorated cattle and farm assets as a symbol of prosperity. == Cultural Significance == In agrarian societies, animals are integral to farming. Bulls plough the fields, cows provide milk, and both animals contribute to transport, manure, and maintaining soil fertility. Kanuma is a day of thanksgiving, where farmers express gratitude and reverence to these animals. The festival also strengthens the spiritual and symbolic relationship between humans and animals, highlighting themes of coexistence, non-violence, and sustainable living. == Rituals and Celebrations == === 1. Cattle Worship (Pasuvula Pooja) === * Cattle are bathed, groomed, and decorated with vibrant clothes, flowers, turmeric, vermilion (kumkum), and beaded ornaments. * Horns are painted with natural dyes in vivid colors. * Bells are tied around their necks, and animals are paraded in the village streets. * Aarti (ceremonial flame) is performed for cows and bulls by the family, especially by women and elders. * Special Naivedyam (offerings) such as rice, bananas, jaggery, and fodder are fed to the cattle. * In some regions, pujas are performed to the plough and farming tools as a mark of respect. === 2. Govu Sammelana (Cattle Gathering) === * Farmers often gather in open fields or near temples with their cattle. * Competitions are organized to showcase the healthiest bull, decorated cow, or strongest ox. * Children enjoy riding bullock carts, and folk dances are performed in some villages. === 3. Traditional Rural Sports === * Bull-taming events, although increasingly regulated, are still practiced in some districts. * Cockfighting (Kodi Pandem) – a controversial tradition, is part of Kanuma in some areas despite legal restrictions. * Buffalo races, bullock cart races, and tug-of-war events are common in rural settings. === 4. Worship of Lord Krishna and Cows === Many households also associate Kanuma with the Govardhan Leela of Lord Krishna, where he lifted the Govardhan hill to protect cows and people. As a result, cow worship during Kanuma is both spiritual and agricultural. === 5. Feasting and Food Sharing === Kanuma is also a day of feasting, especially among farming families. Common dishes include: * Pulihora (tamarind rice) * Pongal (sweet and savory) * Ariselu (jaggery and rice sweets) * Garelu (vada) * Vegetable curries made from freshly harvested produce In some areas, non-vegetarian food is prepared, particularly on Mukkanuma (the following day), and is shared in large community feasts. == Regional Variations == * In coastal Andhra, large processions of decorated bulls are held with accompanying drums and folk dances. * In Rayalaseema, farmers gather in fields to celebrate with traditional games and plough-pujas. * In Telangana, the emphasis is on rural sports and cattle showcasing, along with temple festivities. == Eco-Cultural Aspects == * Promotes respect for animals and sustainable farming. * Encourages the organic use of natural resources, like cow dung for flooring and compost. * Reinforces biodiversity and harmony with nature. == Challenges and Controversies == While the festival's core values are of gratitude and non-violence, modern challenges include: * Animal rights concerns, especially over cockfighting and tethering of cattle. * Declining participation in urban areas due to modernization and migration. * Commercialization of festivities in some towns, replacing cultural depth with showmanship. == Government and Legal Aspects == * Some practices like cockfighting have been challenged in courts under animal protection laws. * However, local governments in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have supported Kanuma celebrations through cattle exhibitions, subsidies for farmers, and awareness campaigns on sustainable agriculture. == Educational and Awareness Campaigns == In recent years, NGOs and rural development bodies have conducted Kanuma-themed workshops in schools to: * Teach children about native breeds of cows * Promote the values of Ahimsa (non-violence) and eco-consciousness * Highlight the importance of indigenous farming practices == Related Festivals == * [[Wp/efi/Mattu Pongal|Mattu Pongal]] – Celebrated in Tamil Nadu on the same day to worship cattle. * [[Wp/efi/Govardhan Puja|Govardhan Puja]] – Cow and nature worship celebrated after Diwali in North India. * [[Wp/efi/Makar Sankranti|Makar Sankranti]] – Pan-Indian harvest festival. * [[Wp/efi/Poush Sankranti|Poush Sankranti]] – Celebrated in Bengal with different customs. == In Modern Popular Culture == * Kanuma-themed scenes are depicted in Telugu movies showcasing village life. * Cultural programs on TV channels highlight the significance of traditional cattle and farming customs. * Social media campaigns run by rural influencers have popularized the visuals of decorated bulls and cultural events. == See Also == * [[Wp/efi/Harvest festivals in India|Harvest festivals in India]] * [[Wp/efi/Sankranti festival|Sankranti festival]] * [[Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture|Cattle in Indian culture]] * [[Wp/efi/Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh|Rural festivals of Andhra Pradesh]] == References == 1. Telugu Academy Textbook – "Sankranti and Traditional Festivals" 2. Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department – Festival Calendar and Rural Heritage 3. The Hindu – “Why Kanuma Matters for Farmers” (Jan 2021) 4. Telangana Culture Portal – Festivals and Traditions 5. National Dairy Development Board – Reports on Indigenous Cattle in India 6. [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/jan/16/kanuma-celebrated-across-ap-with-devotion-and-joy-2537889.html News Report – Kanuma Celebrations in Andhra Pradesh, 2023] == External Links == * [https://www.ap.gov.in Andhra Pradesh Government Website] * [https://www.telanganaculture.gov.in Telangana Cultural Heritage Portal] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankranti Sankranti on English Wikipedia] == Categories == [[Category:Wp/efi]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Telugu culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Hindu festivals]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Agricultural festivals in India]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Cattle in Indian culture]] [[Category:Wp/efi/Sankranti festival]] 0vp9uph6zdldqhpr9f2m74xrs9yq2dy 0 3612215 6699602 2025-07-01T19:55:12Z Aklbmd164 2599371 Created page with "== Pōliskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|jabłoń]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈjabwɔ̃ɲ/ [[File:LL-Q809 (pol)-Gower-jabłoń.wav]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] '''Sinōniman''': [[Wt/prg/jabłonka|jabłonka]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |jabłoń | align="left" |jabłonie |- |..." 6699602 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pōliskan == [[File:Apfelbaum 2.jpg|thumb|jabłoń]] === Etimolōgija === === Iztarisnā === IPA: /ˈjabwɔ̃ɲ/ [[File:LL-Q809 (pol)-Gower-jabłoń.wav]] === Zentlisnā === ==== Substantīwan, genniskan gēnerin ==== # [[Wt/prg/ābalni|ābalni]] '''Sinōniman''': [[Wt/prg/jabłonka|jabłonka]] === Deklinaciōni === {| class="wikitable" ! ! aīnagirbausna ! tūlagirbausna |- | align="center" |Nōminatiws | align="center" |jabłoń | align="left" |jabłonie |- | align="center" |Gēnitiws | align="center" |jabłoni | align="left" |jabłoni |- | align="center" |Dātiws | align="center" |jabłoni | align="left" |jabłoniom |- | align="center" |Akkuzatiws | align="center" |jabłoń | align="left" |jabłonie |- | align="center" |Instrumentāls | align="center" |jabłonią | align="left" |jabłoniami |- | align="center" |Lōkatiws | align="center" |jabłoni | align="left" |jabłoniach |- | align="center" |Wōkatiws | align="center" |jabłoni | align="left" |jabłonie |} === Perwaidīnsnas === * ''W moim ogrodzie rośnie '''jabłoń.''''' → En majasmu saddan '''ābalni''' aūga. [[Category:Wt/prg]] [[Category:Wt/prg/Pōliskas wirdeīns]] 0nj55kmdkkodzgmzzszs6xye65bq4vk 3 3612216 6699606 2025-07-01T20:33:35Z Malarz pl 60714 Malarz pl moved page [[User talk:Pawelchwaszcz]] to [[User talk:Green Snake-Frog]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pawelchwaszcz|Pawelchwaszcz]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Green Snake-Frog|Green Snake-Frog]]" 6699606 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Green Snake-Frog]] jvwycogecmbdvpor94mxc8olxsar35v 3 3612217 6699617 2025-07-01T21:42:02Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699617 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 21:42, 1 July 2025 (UTC) rwqccj04zgndnhmbqjxau76kocvpkjk 0 3612218 6699618 2025-07-01T22:08:04Z Morewealth 2578183 Created page with "'''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' [[Category:Wq/pcm]]" 6699618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 9nr29yt7k2vemzo5q2olphqb1b59iq2 6699619 6699618 2025-07-01T22:08:50Z Morewealth 2578183 6699619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] d8rchxuu9yj0xfm2ocsk5aj2p17x8ap 6699620 6699619 2025-07-01T22:09:11Z Morewealth 2578183 6699620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] aiw9oepasnrd7mli2onvdb1oeqntn4e 6699621 6699620 2025-07-01T22:09:39Z Morewealth 2578183 6699621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] to693c6eq3hvrui6dqff7n8t2z09joa 6699622 6699621 2025-07-01T22:09:59Z Morewealth 2578183 6699622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] mtqx3y1dfoekz60u5r9p4kpmralb1a0 6699623 6699622 2025-07-01T22:10:43Z Morewealth 2578183 6699623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== [[Category:Wq/pcm]] b4yw2zmj8lkg0av1ttwr9l96ich4puz 6699624 6699623 2025-07-01T22:11:08Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] bmrmfche0i7q0m2o6gn26kiat4shvq3 6699625 6699624 2025-07-01T22:11:30Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 [[Category:Wq/pcm]] eccjnmrifo9t8b7d783q6iujfxzd62y 6699626 6699625 2025-07-01T22:11:56Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] d13cwxd9mplz02ts1kbqrlb62hvpmsi 6699627 6699626 2025-07-01T22:12:40Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 [[Category:Wq/pcm]] qcqbzc779p02l7ylpztg4huxpwiij3w 6699628 6699627 2025-07-01T22:13:09Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] rnodbmgr6k6gy3wxo7qs8pjiytolara 6699629 6699628 2025-07-01T22:13:51Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] tn44c9pdalqi7xoajy6m0xxa5qbuyld 6699630 6699629 2025-07-01T22:14:21Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. *I fit tok am klie say, no fight go hapun bikos of mi or bikos of wetin I want. I tok am klie klie. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 65f7ni8up89npkvv1jpnxybgf8q5a2m 6699631 6699630 2025-07-01T22:14:54Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699631 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. *I fit tok am klie say, no fight go hapun bikos of mi or bikos of wetin I want. I tok am klie klie. **[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/30/goodluck.jonathan.transcript/index.html Transcript: CNN interviews Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan]. CNN.com, 1 October 2010. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 5fals8o9lnap5kdnih7ad4d0gilhb39 6699632 6699631 2025-07-01T22:15:23Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. *I fit tok am klie say, no fight go hapun bikos of mi or bikos of wetin I want. I tok am klie klie. **[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/30/goodluck.jonathan.transcript/index.html Transcript: CNN interviews Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan]. CNN.com, 1 October 2010. [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] [[Category:Wq/pcm]] atg6kj9u8rznsbwxaxjusnudb2ay48s 6699633 6699632 2025-07-01T22:15:52Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. *I fit tok am klie say, no fight go hapun bikos of mi or bikos of wetin I want. I tok am klie klie. **[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/30/goodluck.jonathan.transcript/index.html Transcript: CNN interviews Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan]. CNN.com, 1 October 2010. [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1957]] [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 5baqfeaa0690ty5bf229axktrwtljpm 6699635 6699633 2025-07-01T22:16:14Z Morewealth 2578183 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. *I fit tok am klie say, no fight go hapun bikos of mi or bikos of wetin I want. I tok am klie klie. **[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/30/goodluck.jonathan.transcript/index.html Transcript: CNN interviews Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan]. CNN.com, 1 October 2010. [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1957]] [[Category:Wq/pcm]] kyjgs3u2v2wnaaed3mdn2wmmhtoisyh 6699807 6699635 2025-07-02T10:34:34Z Jonywikis 2568958 6699807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Goodluck Jonathan World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|thumb|Jonathan at the World Economic Forum in 2013]] '''Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 20 November 1957) na Naija politishan. E bi Presido of Naija from 2010 to 2015. For 2015 eleshon, e luz giv Muhammadu Buhari wey bi foma militri head of state. Jonathan na di first sitin presido for Naija wey gri say e luz eleshon without wahala. ==Wetin e tok== *Gud govment no bi somtin wey pesin fit jos komand like for kontri wey get one-man pawa and e no bi jos law wey dem fit rait for paper for democracy. Na wen evribodi kom gri say mek wi du wetin gud and du am for beta rizin, na im e go wok. **[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356916-interview-the-legacies-i-left-for-nigeria-ex-president-jonathan.html INTERVIEW: The Legacies I Left For Nigeria — Ex-President]. Premium Times Nigeria, 11 October 2019 *I biliv say wit di tins wey wi don du bifor wi komot, and di one wey di new govment go stil put, wi go fit fait dis terror wahala rich beta end. **[https://www.france24.com/en/20160127-eye-africa-former-president-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan Video: Goodluck Jonathan talks of Boko Haram fight]. France24.com, 28 January 2016 *I dey always ask pipul: Na say light dey 24 hours bifor, den Jonathan kom off am and spoil the machin? Di ansa na no. Light wahala don dey Naija sins, and wi sopoz ondastand say no bi today e stat. **[https://www.thecable.ng/exclusive-interview-will-soon-see-apc-grossly-overrated-says-jonathan EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: You will soon see that APC is grossly overrated, says Jonathan]. TheCable, 26 March 2015. *I fit tok am klie say, no fight go hapun bikos of mi or bikos of wetin I want. I tok am klie klie. **[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/30/goodluck.jonathan.transcript/index.html Transcript: CNN interviews Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan]. CNN.com, 1 October 2010. [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1957]] [[Category:Wq/pcm]] s84pf6yquw707wws3i869hoe6c58u65 0 3612219 6699640 2025-07-01T22:22:27Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 Created page with "[[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Pomarančevy sok i pomaranče]] '''Sok''' jest napitok dobyvajemy putem ekstrakcije ili tiskanja pridornoj tekutiny sodrživajemoj v ovočah zelenině. Jestvujut takože soky, dobyvajeme iz stebl, korenjev i listov različnyh trav. Sokom takože imenujut tekutinu, ktoru flavorizovali koncentratom ili inymi prirodnymi tipami [[Wp/isv/Jeda|jedy]], take kako měso ili morska jeda, napriměr sok mekkotělyh (mekkušcev). So..." 6699640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Pomarančevy sok i pomaranče]] '''Sok''' jest napitok dobyvajemy putem ekstrakcije ili tiskanja pridornoj tekutiny sodrživajemoj v ovočah zelenině. Jestvujut takože soky, dobyvajeme iz stebl, korenjev i listov različnyh trav. Sokom takože imenujut tekutinu, ktoru flavorizovali koncentratom ili inymi prirodnymi tipami [[Wp/isv/Jeda|jedy]], take kako měso ili morska jeda, napriměr sok mekkotělyh (mekkušcev). Sok generalno spotěbuje se kak napitok ili koristaje se kak ingredient ili vkusova dodatka dlja inyh napitkov, takyh kak smuzi. Sok je stal popularnym napitkom poslě pojavjenja pasterizacije, ktora dozvolila jego shranjenje bez fermentacije (ktora koristaje se pri proizvodstvu vina)<ref>Ryan A. Ward (1 May 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150214075723/http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward "A Brief History of Fruit and Vegetable Juice Regulation in the United States]". Works.bepress.com. Archived from [https://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward the original] (PDF) on 14 February 2015.</ref>. Spotrěbovanje soka povyšaje se s rastom dohodov v državě<ref>Singh, Gitanjali M.; Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Lim, Stephen; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Engell, Rebecca E.; Ezzati, Majid; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Müller, Michael (5 August 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 "Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries"]. PLOS ONE. 10 (8): e0124845. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1024845S. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124845]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 4526649]. <nowiki>PMID 26244332</nowiki>.</ref>. == Iztočniky == * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka'' [[:en:Juice|''«Juice»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' anglijskom ''([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juice&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]])''. * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:ru:Сок|«]]''[[:ru:Сок|''Sok»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' ''russkom ([https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' == Spis literatury == <references /> [[Category:Wp/isv]] gfgu787bul6c11nfknzzfshyjp6q45j 6699647 6699640 2025-07-02T01:23:58Z GlěbDyndar 2602499 6699647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Pomarančevy sok i pomaranče]] '''Sok''' jest napitok dobyvajemy putem ekstrakcije ili tiskanja pridornoj tekutiny sodrživajemoj v ovočah i zelenině. Jestvujut takože soky, dobyvajeme iz stebl, korenjev i listov različnyh trav. Sokom takože imenujut tekutinu, ktoru flavorizovali koncentratom ili inymi prirodnymi tipami [[Wp/isv/Jeda|jedy]], take kako měso ili morska jeda, napriměr sok mekkotělyh (mekkušcev). Sok generalno spotěbuje se kak napitok ili koristaje se kak ingredient ili vkusova dodatka dlja inyh napitkov, takyh kak smuzi. Sok je stal popularnym napitkom poslě pojavjenja pasterizacije, ktora dozvolila jego shranjenje bez fermentacije (ktora koristaje se pri proizvodstvu vina)<ref>Ryan A. Ward (1 May 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150214075723/http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward "A Brief History of Fruit and Vegetable Juice Regulation in the United States]". Works.bepress.com. Archived from [https://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ryan_ward the original] (PDF) on 14 February 2015.</ref>. Spotrěbovanje soka povyšaje se s rastom dohodov v državě<ref>Singh, Gitanjali M.; Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Lim, Stephen; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Engell, Rebecca E.; Ezzati, Majid; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Müller, Michael (5 August 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 "Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries"]. PLOS ONE. 10 (8): e0124845. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1024845S. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124845]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526649 4526649]. <nowiki>PMID 26244332</nowiki>.</ref>. == Iztočniky == * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka'' [[:en:Juice|''«Juice»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' anglijskom ''([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juice&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]])''. * ''Tutoj članok imaje prěvod iz članka [[:ru:Сок|«]]''[[:ru:Сок|''Sok»'']] ''v Vikipediji na'' ''russkom ([https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]).'' == Spis literatury == <references /> [[Category:Wp/isv]] qo3ah10zd7k4h78eh3wtl43ip1su99l 3 3612220 6699641 2025-07-01T22:43:54Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699641 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 22:43, 1 July 2025 (UTC) 31tp3fw3q9bhyxj3dj1iuhgm1hyp1ak 3 3612221 6699642 2025-07-01T22:44:40Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699642 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 22:44, 1 July 2025 (UTC) 4hnzbkvfrawdt9rcn1y52pudlw05ilx 0 3612222 6699643 2025-07-01T23:31:03Z Mohammdaon 1384772 Created page with "[[File:Vespa velutina nigrithorax MHNT.jpg|thumb]] '''الزنبور الآسيوي''' (الاسم العلمي: Vespa velutina) أو '''الزنبور أبو رجل صفرة''' أو '''الزنبور الوحشي''' هو نوع من الحشرات موطنه الأصلي جنوب شرق آسيا. ويعتبر من الأنواع الغازية في بعض الدول. [[Category:Wp/acm]]" 6699643 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vespa velutina nigrithorax MHNT.jpg|thumb]] '''الزنبور الآسيوي''' (الاسم العلمي: Vespa velutina) أو '''الزنبور أبو رجل صفرة''' أو '''الزنبور الوحشي''' هو نوع من الحشرات موطنه الأصلي جنوب شرق آسيا. ويعتبر من الأنواع الغازية في بعض الدول. [[Category:Wp/acm]] qo1o64tc1b9s7paeaeokb8rv6oayx0i 6699644 6699643 2025-07-01T23:31:30Z Mohammdaon 1384772 مخلي روابط انترويكي ل[[d:Q136668]] 6699644 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vespa velutina nigrithorax MHNT.jpg|thumb]] '''الزنبور الآسيوي''' (الاسم العلمي: Vespa velutina) أو '''الزنبور أبو رجل صفرة''' أو '''الزنبور الوحشي''' هو نوع من الحشرات موطنه الأصلي جنوب شرق آسيا. ويعتبر من الأنواع الغازية في بعض الدول. [[Category:Wp/acm]] {{INTERWIKI|Q136668}} ibcyvjn63tfkrrv3kdacj2303djm5ha 3 3612223 6699648 2025-07-02T01:43:38Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699648 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 01:43, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 34fgqi3e78zxxebaw5g0ksjzgtlies2 3 3612224 6699650 2025-07-02T02:07:04Z J ansari 2521989 J ansari moved page [[User talk:Lucs1994]] to [[User talk:MacGyver Santista]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Lucs1994|Lucs1994]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/MacGyver Santista|MacGyver Santista]]" 6699650 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:MacGyver Santista]] l0rtfsc01qyyiag1vp1s3gvrvuo0t8a 3 3612225 6699653 2025-07-02T02:16:54Z Svartava 2575911 Svartava moved page [[User talk:Unlimiter]] to [[User talk:Ghoom]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Unlimiter|Unlimiter]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ghoom|Ghoom]]" 6699653 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Ghoom]] da88eooaabjxdv1tgy9ccarct79wzbe 3 3612226 6699658 2025-07-02T03:21:38Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699658 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 03:21, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 2t63q0d8zbb5xmb1orzldxoscgk4lr8 3 3612227 6699659 2025-07-02T03:28:31Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699659 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 03:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 9wt7lg3g9agmrhvwb55lko5ncrsiohs 0 3612228 6699660 2025-07-02T03:28:36Z Pataliputra01 2598796 Created page with "कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । [[Category:Wp/mag]]" 6699660 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । [[Category:Wp/mag]] rbodoql3mm812pg9r26lywpyd88lkyd 6699661 6699660 2025-07-02T03:30:11Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699661 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । [[Category:Wp/mag]] q6lq5jcb104nu6ooe8o0b4g4m1h1ds1 6699662 6699661 2025-07-02T03:30:37Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699662 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । == एकरो देखथिन == [[Category:Wp/mag]] 9dn4q5g6jgpqy8t5y8flzfk7sjrhm4t 6699663 6699662 2025-07-02T03:30:47Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699663 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कामसूत्र|कामसूत्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कर्म|कर्म]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] 7rv47oaot4w2opibbltuahod7ajmktz 6699664 6699663 2025-07-02T03:31:04Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699664 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कामसूत्र|कामसूत्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कर्म|कर्म]] == बाहरी कड़ी == [[Category:Wp/mag]] hqxxv28ap3asthcq565ijmmqucjbjrd 6699665 6699664 2025-07-02T03:32:02Z Pataliputra01 2598796 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ 6699665 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कामसूत्र|कामसूत्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कर्म|कर्म]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180322093217/http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/holi-legends/sacrifice-of-kamadeva.html Kamadeva's holy sacrifice] [[Category:Wp/mag]] q7lbf86c6y1y711ubdi31tru23mmnpi 6699666 6699665 2025-07-02T03:32:22Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699666 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कामसूत्र|कामसूत्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कर्म|कर्म]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180322093217/http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/holi-legends/sacrifice-of-kamadeva.html Kamadeva's holy sacrifice] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारतीय दर्शन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/काम]] oj865k6njwjrvr3konlwrrfzu5s66m6 6699667 6699666 2025-07-02T03:33:42Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699667 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । ऊ अपन शरीर के दु भाग कैलकै । ऊ आधा भाग से स्त्री आउ आधा भाग से पुरुष बन गेलै । तखनी ऊ आनन्द के अनुभव कैलकै । स्त्री आउ पुरुष के युग्म सन्तति ला आवश्यक है आउ उनकर पारस्परिक आकर्षणे कामभाव के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कामसूत्र|कामसूत्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कर्म|कर्म]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180322093217/http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/holi-legends/sacrifice-of-kamadeva.html Kamadeva's holy sacrifice] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारतीय दर्शन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/काम]] q31css5t2j80uahbea6kug98pomrl28 6699668 6699667 2025-07-02T03:35:33Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6699668 wikitext text/x-wiki कामवासना एक उपासना, साधना है । काम पूर्ति से दिमाग के गन्दगी निकलके जीवन सुधर जा है । '''काम''' जीवन के चार पुरुषार्थ ([[Wp/mag/धर्म|धर्म]], [[Wp/mag/अर्थ|अर्थ]], काम, [[Wp/mag/मोक्ष|मोक्ष]]) मे से एक है । प्रत्येक प्राणी के भीतरे रागात्मक प्रवृत्ति के संज्ञा काम है । [[Wp/mag/साँचा:हिन्दु दर्शन|वैदिक दर्शन]] के अनुसार काम सृष्टि के पूर्व मे जे एक अविभक्त तत्व हलै ऊ विश्वरचना ला दु विरोधी भाव मे आ गेलै । एकरे भारतीय विश्वास मे यों कहल जा है कि आरम्भ मे प्रजापति अकेला हलै । ओकर मन न लगलै । ऊ अपन शरीर के दु भाग कैलकै । ऊ आधा भाग से स्त्री आउ आधा भाग से पुरुष बन गेलै । तखनी ऊ आनन्द के अनुभव कैलकै । स्त्री आउ पुरुष के युग्म सन्तति ला आवश्यक है आउ उनकर पारस्परिक आकर्षणे कामभाव के वास्तविक स्वरूप है । प्रकृति के रचना मे प्रत्येक पुरुष के भीतरे स्त्री आउ प्रत्येक स्त्री के भीतरे पुरुष के सत्ता है । ऋग्वेद मे ई तथ्य के स्पष्ट स्वीकृति पाएल जा है, जैसन अस्यवामीय सूक्त मे कहल गेलै है—जिनका पुरुष कहल जा है ऊ वस्तुतः स्त्री है; जेकर आँख है ऊ ई रहस्य के देखऽ है; अन्धरा एकरा न समझै । (''स्त्रिय: सतीस्तां उ मे पुंस आहु: पश्यदक्षण्वान्न बिचेतदन्ध: ।'' - [[Wp/mag/ऋग्वेद|ऋग्वेद]], ३ । १६४ । १६) । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/कामशास्त्र|कामशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कामसूत्र|कामसूत्र]] * [[Wp/mag/कर्म|कर्म]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180322093217/http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/holi-legends/sacrifice-of-kamadeva.html Kamadeva's holy sacrifice] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारतीय दर्शन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/काम]] 3x3q9r4koih66hpu57g9avxz8t5ezlm 3 3612229 6699684 2025-07-02T05:05:09Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699684 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 05:05, 2 July 2025 (UTC) bb14xoan0yxw2otuxkghk3krvwrc0sk 3 3612230 6699689 2025-07-02T05:22:31Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699689 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 05:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) mclud12uftrsvhv6t0uh9gf0pcgjb20 0 3612231 6699702 2025-07-02T06:17:31Z Jon Gua 2593212 Created page with "Ἡ '''Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ''' ἦν ἔργον τῶν πρώτων χριστιανικῶν ἀπολογιῶν, προσαγορευθὲν ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος τῷ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορι Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ Εὐσεβῇ. Πρὸς τῷ ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς διωκῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπ..." 6699702 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ''' ἦν ἔργον τῶν πρώτων χριστιανικῶν ἀπολογιῶν, προσαγορευθὲν ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος τῷ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορι Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ Εὐσεβῇ. Πρὸς τῷ ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς διωκῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων μόνον διὰ τὸ εἶναι Χριστιανούς, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος παρέχει τῷ αὐτοκράτορι καὶ ἀπολογίαν τῆς φιλοσοφίας τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ καὶ διήγησιν ἀκριβῆ τῶν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκείνων Χριστιανικῶν ἐθῶν τε καὶ ἱερουργιῶν. Τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ, ἅμα τῇ Δευτέρᾳ Ἀπολογίᾳ, χρῶνται ὡς τῶν πρώτων παραδειγμάτων χριστιανικῆς ἀπολογίας· καὶ πολλοὶ σοφοὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον αἰτιῶνται καινὸν εἶδος ἀπολογίας δημιουργῆσαι, ἐκ τοῦ συνήθους Ῥωμαϊκοῦ διοικητικοῦ ἔθους ἀναδυόμενον. [[Category:Wp/grc]] l3g2k3byrxyqwpqgk7w5d40ig2q13zl 6699703 6699702 2025-07-02T06:17:42Z Jon Gua 2593212 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q3780761]] 6699703 wikitext text/x-wiki Ἡ '''Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ''' ἦν ἔργον τῶν πρώτων χριστιανικῶν ἀπολογιῶν, προσαγορευθὲν ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος τῷ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορι Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ Εὐσεβῇ. Πρὸς τῷ ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς διωκῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων μόνον διὰ τὸ εἶναι Χριστιανούς, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος παρέχει τῷ αὐτοκράτορι καὶ ἀπολογίαν τῆς φιλοσοφίας τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ καὶ διήγησιν ἀκριβῆ τῶν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκείνων Χριστιανικῶν ἐθῶν τε καὶ ἱερουργιῶν. Τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ, ἅμα τῇ Δευτέρᾳ Ἀπολογίᾳ, χρῶνται ὡς τῶν πρώτων παραδειγμάτων χριστιανικῆς ἀπολογίας· καὶ πολλοὶ σοφοὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον αἰτιῶνται καινὸν εἶδος ἀπολογίας δημιουργῆσαι, ἐκ τοῦ συνήθους Ῥωμαϊκοῦ διοικητικοῦ ἔθους ἀναδυόμενον. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3780761}} 3a8z69cj429f9imdl1k0j0q6y41qv46 6699704 6699703 2025-07-02T06:22:38Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Βιβλίον | τίτλος = Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ | ἀρχαῖος_τίτλος = | εἰκών = | συγγραφεύς = Ἰουστῖνος | χώρα = | γλῶσσα = [[Wp/grc/Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα|Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα]] | ἡμερομηνία = 155–157 }} Ἡ '''Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ''' ἦν ἔργον τῶν πρώτων χριστιανικῶν ἀπολογιῶν, προσαγορευθὲν ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος τῷ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορι Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ Εὐσεβῇ. Πρὸς τῷ ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς διωκῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων μόνον διὰ τὸ εἶναι Χριστιανούς, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος παρέχει τῷ αὐτοκράτορι καὶ ἀπολογίαν τῆς φιλοσοφίας τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ καὶ διήγησιν ἀκριβῆ τῶν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκείνων Χριστιανικῶν ἐθῶν τε καὶ ἱερουργιῶν. Τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ, ἅμα τῇ Δευτέρᾳ Ἀπολογίᾳ, χρῶνται ὡς τῶν πρώτων παραδειγμάτων χριστιανικῆς ἀπολογίας· καὶ πολλοὶ σοφοὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον αἰτιῶνται καινὸν εἶδος ἀπολογίας δημιουργῆσαι, ἐκ τοῦ συνήθους Ῥωμαϊκοῦ διοικητικοῦ ἔθους ἀναδυόμενον. [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3780761}} kax5lcm8tt6wly8o1a9q1fgp4j53kf7 6699705 6699704 2025-07-02T06:23:39Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Βιβλίον | τίτλος = Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ | ἀρχαῖος_τίτλος = | εἰκών = | συγγραφεύς = Ἰουστῖνος | χώρα = | γλῶσσα = [[Wp/grc/Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα|Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα]] | ἡμερομηνία = 155–157 }} Ἡ '''Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ''' ἦν ἔργον τῶν πρώτων χριστιανικῶν ἀπολογιῶν, προσαγορευθὲν ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος τῷ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορι Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ Εὐσεβῇ. Πρὸς τῷ ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς διωκῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων μόνον διὰ τὸ εἶναι Χριστιανούς, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος παρέχει τῷ αὐτοκράτορι καὶ ἀπολογίαν τῆς φιλοσοφίας τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ καὶ διήγησιν ἀκριβῆ τῶν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκείνων Χριστιανικῶν ἐθῶν τε καὶ ἱερουργιῶν. Τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ, ἅμα τῇ Δευτέρᾳ Ἀπολογίᾳ, χρῶνται ὡς τῶν πρώτων παραδειγμάτων χριστιανικῆς ἀπολογίας· καὶ πολλοὶ σοφοὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον αἰτιῶνται καινὸν εἶδος ἀπολογίας δημιουργῆσαι, ἐκ τοῦ συνήθους Ῥωμαϊκοῦ διοικητικοῦ ἔθους ἀναδυόμενον. [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Λογοτεχνία]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Πατρολογία]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3780761}} pyiuehufrk1ggbtwucwnxx1wpogluus 6699710 6699705 2025-07-02T06:38:54Z Jon Gua 2593212 6699710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Βιβλίον | τίτλος = Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ | ἀρχαῖος_τίτλος = | εἰκών = | συγγραφεύς = Ἰουστῖνος | χώρα = | γλῶσσα = [[Wp/grc/Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα|Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶττα]] | ἡμερομηνία = 155–157 }} Ἡ '''Ἀπολογία πρώτη ὑπὲρ Χριστιανῶν πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον τὸν Εὐσεβῆ''' ἦν ἔργον τῶν πρώτων χριστιανικῶν ἀπολογιῶν, προσαγορευθὲν ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος τῷ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορι Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ Εὐσεβῇ. Πρὸς τῷ ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς διωκῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων μόνον διὰ τὸ εἶναι Χριστιανούς, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος παρέχει τῷ αὐτοκράτορι καὶ ἀπολογίαν τῆς φιλοσοφίας τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ καὶ διήγησιν ἀκριβῆ τῶν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκείνων Χριστιανικῶν ἐθῶν τε καὶ ἱερουργιῶν. Τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ, ἅμα τῇ Δευτέρᾳ Ἀπολογίᾳ, χρῶνται ὡς τῶν πρώτων παραδειγμάτων χριστιανικῆς ἀπολογίας· καὶ πολλοὶ σοφοὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον αἰτιῶνται καινὸν εἶδος ἀπολογίας δημιουργῆσαι, ἐκ τοῦ συνήθους Ῥωμαϊκοῦ διοικητικοῦ ἔθους ἀναδυόμενον. == Θέματα == === Πρὸς τὰς κατὰ Χριστιανῶν κατηγορίας === Ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις κεφαλαίοις τῆς Πρώτης Ἀπολογίας, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος διαλέγεται περὶ τῶν κυριωτάτων κατηγοριῶν τῶν κατὰ καιροὺς Χριστιανῶν· ταῦτα δέ ἐστιν ἀθεότης, ἀσέλγεια, καὶ ἀπιστία πρὸς τὴν Αὐτοκρατορίαν. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν λόγον ποιεῖται ὅτι «τὸ ὄνομα» μόνον τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἱκανὴ αἰτία τιμωρίας ἢ διώξεως, παρακαλῶν τὴν Αὐτοκρατορίαν μόνον τὰ κακὰ ἔργα κολάζειν, γράφων οὕτως· «Ἐκ γὰρ ὀνόματος οὔτε ἔπαινος οὔτε κόλασις δικαίως ἂν γένοιτο, εἰ μή τι σπουδαῖον ἢ φαῦλον ἐν ἔργῳ φανείη περὶ αὐτοῦ.» Εἶτα ἀπαντᾷ τοῖς ἐγκλήμασιν κατ’ εὐθύ, λέγων ὅτι εἰσὶν μὲν «ἄθεοι» πρὸς τοὺς Ῥωμαίων θεούς, ἀλλ’ οὐ πρὸς τὸν «ἀληθέστατον Θεόν.» Ὁμολογεῖ ὅτι τινὲς Χριστιανοὶ ἀσελγῆ ἔργα ἐπράξασιν, ἀλλὰ παρακαλεῖ τοὺς ἄρχοντας τοὺς τοιούτους ὡς κακοποιοὺς κολάζειν μᾶλλον ἢ ὡς Χριστιανούς. Ἐν τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος δείκνυσι τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτοῦ χωρίσαι τὸ Χριστιανὸν ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῶν κακῶν ἔργων τῶν πραχθέντων ὑπό τινων, στένοντος πῶς οἱ κακοῦργοι τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ μολύνονσιν καὶ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀληθινοὶ «Χριστιανοί.» Τέλος, ἀπαντᾷ τῇ ἐπαγομένῃ ἀπιστίᾳ πρὸς τὴν Αὐτοκρατορίαν, διηγούμενος ὅτι οἱ Χριστιανοὶ ὄντως ζητοῦσιν εἶναι μέλη ἄλλης βασιλείας, ἀλλ’ αὕτη ἐστὶν «ἐκείνης τῆς μετὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ» ἀλλ’ οὐκ «ἀνθρωπίνης.» === Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὡς Λόγος === Ὁ Ἰουστῖνος ἐν τῇ Πρώτῃ Ἀπολογίᾳ πάνυ σπουδάζει ἀπολογεῖσθαι τὸν Χριστιανισμὸν ὡς λογικὴν φιλοσοφίαν. Ἐπισημαίνεται πῶς ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς δύναται παιδεύειν ἠθικῶς τοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας, καὶ ὅτι πολλὰ τῶν Χριστιανικῶν διδαγμάτων παραλληλεῖ τοῖς ἐν τῇ ἐθνικῇ μυθολογίᾳ, ὥστε ἄλογον εἶναι τοὺς ἐθνικοὺς διώκειν Χριστιανούς. Ἓν δὲ τῶν κυριωτάτων θεμάτων αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἡ διήγησις περὶ τοῦ Λόγου, ὅς ἐστιν φιλοσοφικὸν νόημα τάξεως καὶ λόγου καὶ γνώσεως. Διαπαντὸς τῆς Ἀπολογίας, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος ἀποδεικνύει ὅτι Ἰησοῦς Χριστός ἐστιν ἡ σὰρξ γενομένη τοῦ Λόγου· ὅθεν συλλογίζεται ὅτι πᾶς ὁ λόγῳ χρησάμενος, κἂν πρὸ Χριστοῦ βεβίωκεν, τῷ Λόγῳ ἐν Χριστῷ συνῆψεν, καὶ τοιγαροῦν ἐστιν ὡς ἀληθῶς Χριστιανός. Τοῦτο τὸ θεμέλιον κεφάλαιόν ἐστιν πρὸς τὴν κατανόησιν τῆς Ἀπολογίας Ἰουστίνου, καὶ καινοτομίαν ἔσχεν ἐν τῇ χριστιανικῇ ἀπολογητικῇ γραφῇ. Ἡ χρῆσις τοῦ ὅρου «Λόγος» δηλοῖ ὅτι ὁ Ἰουστῖνος ἐξηρτῆσθαι ἔοικε προγενεστέρων φιλοσοφικῶν διδασκαλιῶν· ἀλλ’ αὐτὸς λέγει ὅτι αὗται μόνον μέρους ἀληθείας μετέχουσιν, ἐπειδὴ μέρος μόνον τοῦ ὅλου Λόγου κατέχουσιν καὶ συνάπτουσιν. Κατὰ τὸν Ἰουστῖνον, ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς τὴν πλήρη ἀλήθειαν (τὸν Λόγον) ἐπιφέρει· ὅθεν οὐ μόνον φιλοσοφία σπουδαία ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προλαβούσας γνώμες ἐπιδιορθοῦται καὶ τελειοῖ, ἵνα εἰς τὸ ἄκρον ἐπιστήμης καὶ λόγου ἀνύηται. === Πράξεις τῆς Πρώτης Ἐκκλησίας === Ἡ Πρώτη Ἀπολογία παριστᾷ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς Χριστιανῶν τὰς πράξεις ἀκριβέστατα. Οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι «ἀγόμεθα ὑφ' ἡμῶν ὅπου ὕδωρ ἐστίν», καὶ «ἀναγεννῶνται τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς ἀναγεννήσεως ᾧ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀνεγεννήθημεν». Μετὰ τὸν περὶ βαπτίσματος λόγον, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος διηγεῖται τὴν εὐχαριστίαν, κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν τῆς μεταβολῆς· «ἐδιδάχθημεν γὰρ τὴν τροφὴν, ἐφ' ἧς εὐχαριστία γέγονε διὰ λόγου προσευχῆς τοῦ παρ' αὐτοῦ, δι' ἧς αἷμα καὶ σὰρξ ἡμῶν τρέφεται μεταβαλλομένην, εἶναι σάρκα καὶ αἷμα Ἰησοῦ τοῦ σαρκωθέντος». Τέλος, παραδίδει περὶ τῶν κατὰ κυριακὴν συναθροίσεων τῆς ἐκκλησίας· ἀναγνώσεις ἐκ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ «τῶν ἀπομνημονευμάτων τῶν ἀποστόλων», προσευχαί, καὶ κοινὸν δεῖπνον. == Ἱστορικὴ καὶ Λογοτεχνικὴ Σημασία == Πολλὴ ζήτησις γέγονε παρὰ τοῖς σοφοῖς περὶ τοῦ πόσον αἱ Ἀπολογίαι Ἰουστίνου διέφερον τῶν προγεγενημένων καὶ τῶν μελλουσῶν ἀπολογητικῶν διδασκαλιῶν. Παῦλος Πάρβις, σοφὸς περὶ Ἰουστῖνον ἐκ τῆς ἐν Ἐδιμβούργῳ σχολῆς, ἔγραψεν ὅτι ἡ Πρώτη Ἀπολογία οὐδενὶ τῶν πρὸ αὐτῆς ἀπολογιῶν ἔοικεν. Παρέχεται μὲν γὰρ ὡς δέησις νομική, γένος συνήθους Ῥωμαϊκῆς διοικήσεως (ἐνταῦθα αἰτοῦσα τοὺς Χριστιανοὺς κατὰ πονηρὰ ἔργα κρίνεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ κατὰ τὸ ὄνομα μόνον). Ἀλλὰ τῇ περιλήψει τῶν Χριστιανικῶν πράξεων καὶ δογμάτων, φησὶν ὁ Πάρβις ὅτι «ὃ δὴ ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰουστῖνος ἦν ἁρπάσαι τὴν συνήθη Ῥωμαϊκὴν διοικητικὴν μέθοδον καὶ ποιῆσαι αὐτὴν ὄχημα τοῦ εὐαγγελικοῦ κηρύγματος». Σάρα Πάρβις, ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς σχολῆς, προστίθησιν ὅτι δεῖ τοὺς σοφοὺς παύσασθαι νοοῦντας τὴν χριστιανικὴν ἀπολογίαν ὡς «ἀόριστον συγγραμμάτων συλλογὴν ἀπολογουμένην πως ὑπὲρ τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ», ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον νοεῖν αὐτὴν ὡς γένος ὑπὸ Ἰουστίνου τοῦ Μάρτυρος εὑρεθὲν καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ὕστερον (ὡς Τερτυλλιανοῦ) ἐξακριβωθέν. Ἐπισημαίνονται δὲ καὶ οἱ σοφοὶ τὴν ἀνάγκην ἐξηγήσεως τῶν Χριστιανικῶν πράξεων πρὸς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ ὅλου συστήματος. Ῥοβέρτος Γκραντ ἔγραψεν ὅτι ὁ Ἰουστῖνος οὐ πολλὴν διδασκαλίαν ἔδωκε περὶ τῆς θεολογικῆς αἰτίας τῶν πράξεων τῆς Ἐκκλησίας. Ἀντὶ τούτου, φησίν, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος ταῦτα παρέσχετο ἵνα τε «τὴν ἀληθινὴν φύσιν τοῦ Χριστιανικοῦ βίου δείξῃ» καὶ τοὺς διαβολικοὺς λόγους τῶν ἐθνικῶν ἀνατρέψῃ. [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Λογοτεχνία]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Πατρολογία]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3780761}} 453ljh89h89z3gncypt1zjqm1z2yeg0 0 3612232 6699714 2025-07-02T07:22:44Z Samliverj 2573532 Created page with "'''Matthew Hassan Kukah''' [[Category:Wq/pcm]]" 6699714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah''' [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 4u2p0cck7u5izpz8cfs04uupo09rh12 6699715 6699714 2025-07-02T07:23:43Z Samliverj 2573532 6699715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] djbk48mvv6rw9g2kmk6ktospg94y73o 6699716 6699715 2025-07-02T07:24:06Z Samliverj 2573532 6699716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] b4b17kcwmorx6ohp3k1cwzhlbz0asaj 6699717 6699716 2025-07-02T07:25:32Z Samliverj 2573532 6699717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== [[Category:Wq/pcm]] hnkmqrc2c2nms42ojk96d8ycg45pfqh 6699718 6699717 2025-07-02T07:26:00Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join [[Category:Wq/pcm]] nlvne8012922qk2yo59eglavt2ym5cz 6699719 6699718 2025-07-02T07:26:19Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 9ewkgldrvztjupgmh4o56h2qk8721rn 6699720 6699719 2025-07-02T07:26:43Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 41imvhbufzszkb5lqrkci6ctr9ry0ci 6699721 6699720 2025-07-02T07:27:12Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie, [[Category:Wq/pcm]] srejzww1bnpxccuhjbz4jg2u4xv1iae 6699722 6699721 2025-07-02T07:27:33Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam [[Category:Wq/pcm]] qiwgkuh173d89hrp2rne997j3o4ng3u 6699723 6699722 2025-07-02T07:27:49Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] g0yvpe0f0vepx21g3czrclasa403hrn 6699725 6699723 2025-07-02T07:28:56Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] g9zn6kd9jyazjim081x3mzr6ft77u86 6699726 6699725 2025-07-02T07:29:49Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey [[Category:Wq/pcm]] n6r407fonx0kxj34m469jm8at2wyv7a 6699727 6699726 2025-07-02T07:30:10Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside [[Category:Wq/pcm]] naf8fkhii9tct6qumbe93wefe1bumb0 6699728 6699727 2025-07-02T07:30:34Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey [[Category:Wq/pcm]] n9nxy9zk7qi327n59scqkuog03vekom 6699729 6699728 2025-07-02T07:30:52Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti [[Category:Wq/pcm]] jda62ca592algy7q7zkj3pae14zcwdg 6699730 6699729 2025-07-02T07:31:12Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich [[Category:Wq/pcm]] tamnnbqykeztsmypjw1wd2187xui1ar 6699732 6699730 2025-07-02T07:31:32Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich pis for dis kain wahala. Wetin go solv di [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 8kv81ox9acg4ragois7ic9yli3dwn3v 6699733 6699732 2025-07-02T07:31:52Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich pis for dis kain wahala. Wetin go solv di problem depend on hau Kristens tek react. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] h0rsmz0kxccm5rd4xbj2qz2bj4z2hon 6699734 6699733 2025-07-02T07:32:16Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich pis for dis kain wahala. Wetin go solv di problem depend on hau Kristens tek react. Dem no go kari violens, bot di kweshon bi: [[Category:Wq/pcm]] bpl2p0m53zy9vypfbjy42x4l2n3b1pe 6699735 6699734 2025-07-02T07:32:39Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich pis for dis kain wahala. Wetin go solv di problem depend on hau Kristens tek react. Dem no go kari violens, bot di kweshon bi: wetin dem go do? [[Category:Wq/pcm]] a3adwxwizae1fa7eyttv3950nv4hh4d 6699736 6699735 2025-07-02T07:33:14Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich pis for dis kain wahala. Wetin go solv di problem depend on hau Kristens tek react. Dem no go kari violens, bot di kweshon bi: wetin dem go do? **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020) [[Category:Wq/pcm]] qu17n2zf3z6h6jibzrezezzb3jjnamz 6699737 6699736 2025-07-02T07:33:52Z Samliverj 2573532 /* Wetin e tok */ 6699737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Hassan Kukah'''(wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 31 August 1952) na Katolik Bishop for Sokoto Diocese. ==Wetin e tok== *If pipul wey dey pawa no kari Kristens join wel-wel, dem dey mek Islamism get more pawa. If na onli Muslims dey rul evriwie,e go mek som pipul bigin beliv say Islam sopoz kontrol evritin. **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). *Kristens get plenti rizin to fil say dem no dey safe, and dem dey fil say dem no tu dey inside govment mata. If no bi say awa rilijon dey prich pis, fait for don bost tey-tey. Na di biuti of awa rilijon be dat. Bot e stil had to prich pis for dis kain wahala. Wetin go solv di problem depend on hau Kristens tek react. Dem no go kari violens, bot di kweshon bi: wetin dem go do? **[https://acnuk.org/news/nigeria-government-are-islamic-fundamentalists-without-bombs-says-bishop/ Government are Islamic fundamentalists without bombs, says bishop] (January 3, 2020). [[Category:Wq/pcm/Naija pipul]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1952]] [[Category:Wq/pcm]] lvd3uc5xk2agebf4ti8maka2r0egqm3 0 3612233 6699739 2025-07-02T07:47:22Z Akbar Soepadhi 2553650 + 6699739 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="tiInherit" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0;"> Aturan<br><br> Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan<br><br> di<br><br> Hindia Néderlan.<br><br> (''Setatseblad'' 1871 nomer 78)<br><br> Dipiwarang dicitak di kantor citak<br> gupernemén di Batawi<br> 1882 </div> == Daptar eusi == * [[Wb/su/Aturan Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan di Hindia-Néderlan/1|Bagean I - Bakuna Katangtuan]] * [[Wb/su/Aturan Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan di Hindia-Néderlan/2|Bagean II - Katangtuan Hal Béda-bédana Sakitan]] * [[Wb/su/Aturan Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan di Hindia-Néderlan/3|Bagean III - Hal Ngurusna Bui]] * [[Wb/su/Aturan Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan di Hindia-Néderlan/4|Bagean IV - Hal Siksaan]] * [[Wb/su/Aturan Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan di Hindia-Néderlan/5|Bagean V - Katangtuan Panambah]] * [[Wb/su/Aturan Ngurus Sakitan-Sakitan di Hindia-Néderlan/6|Bagean VI - katangtuan Panungtung]] == Catetan == Ieu buku meunang transliterasi tina [[s:su:Aturan ngurus sakitan-sakitan di Hindia-Nederlan|Wikipabukon]] maké éjaan nu ayeuna. [[Category:Wb/su]] 92n99oulyni9lq4fz8gxhg1wreofgb0 10 3612234 6699740 2025-07-02T08:28:52Z Mirlim 2598865 Created page with "<templatestyles src="Template:Wp/mfa/Tooltip/styles.css" />{{#ifeq:{{Wp/mfa/Yesno-no|{{{link}}}}}|yes |[[{{{1}}}|<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip {{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{dotted}}}}}|no||tooltip-dotted}} {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</span>]] |<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip {{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{dotted}}}}}|no||tooltip-dotted..." 6699740 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Wp/mfa/Tooltip/styles.css" />{{#ifeq:{{Wp/mfa/Yesno-no|{{{link}}}}}|yes |[[{{{1}}}|<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip {{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{dotted}}}}}|no||tooltip-dotted}} {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</span>]] |<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip {{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{dotted}}}}}|no||tooltip-dotted}} {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</span> }}{{#invoke:Wp/mfa/Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Wp/mfa/Main other|[[Category:Wp/mfa/Pages using tooltip with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Wp/mfa/Tooltip]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | class | dotted | id | link | style }}<noinclude> {{Wp/mfa/Documentation|Template:Wp/mfa/Abbr/doc}} </noinclude> 22h0ooz7udj331tlv0br6sdlmco1z2l 10 3612235 6699741 2025-07-02T08:29:32Z Mirlim 2598865 Created page with "/* {{Wp/mfa/Pp-template}} */ .tooltip-dotted { border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; }" 6699741 sanitized-css text/css /* {{Wp/mfa/Pp-template}} */ .tooltip-dotted { border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; } tjoe63im6f4pky4j8w13kn2xldcrybv 10 3612236 6699743 2025-07-02T08:33:59Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=sign }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699743 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=sign }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> sjnza6eoiihriqxrroh4366lvqp302d 6699744 6699743 2025-07-02T08:34:09Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699744 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=report }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> 0tnpcdtre423qfi4np2qiec0onnc4md 10 3612237 6699745 2025-07-02T08:34:34Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=sign }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699745 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=sign }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> sjnza6eoiihriqxrroh4366lvqp302d 10 3612238 6699746 2025-07-02T08:34:57Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=speech }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699746 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=speech }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> ed6p8fo6ldqenocx2zymwkukixags82 10 3612239 6699747 2025-07-02T08:35:44Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=techreport }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699747 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=techreport }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> kival7wue6b8gwteep7uloha32bgxua 10 3612240 6699748 2025-07-02T08:36:05Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=thesis }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6699748 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:wy/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=thesis }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wy/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> anepnvcbt5f0jv2mi59tafietyl2gbc 0 3612241 6699767 2025-07-02T08:53:43Z Absudar 2108561 Created page with "[[File:DeirMikhailNaqadaEntrance.jpg|thumb|Ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲘⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲓⲀⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲚⲉⲕⲟϯ.]] '''Ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|نقادة‎}}) ⲟⲩϯⲙⲓ ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ|ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ]] ⲉⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲛ̀ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲪⲓⲁ̀ⲣⲟ. Ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲕⲉⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲥⲁⲡ..." 6699767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DeirMikhailNaqadaEntrance.jpg|thumb|Ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲘⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲓⲀⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲚⲉⲕⲟϯ.]] '''Ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|نقادة‎}}) ⲟⲩϯⲙⲓ ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ|ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ]] ⲉⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲛ̀ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲪⲓⲁ̀ⲣⲟ. Ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲕⲉⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲙϩⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲉⲓⲉⲃⲧ ⲥ̀ⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ [[Wp/cop/Ⲕⲱⲥ Ⲃⲉⲣⲃⲓⲣ|Ⲕⲱⲥ Ⲃⲉⲣⲃⲓⲣ]]. Ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉϯⲧⲉⲭⲛⲏ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϣⲱⲛⲧ ⲙ̀ⲫⲟⲩⲣⲕⲁ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̀ϫⲓϫ ⲛ̀ϣⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲟⲩⲟⲣⲡϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ [[Wp/cop/Ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ|ⲉ̀Ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲛⲁⲩⲉⲣⲭⲣⲁⲥⲑⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ. Ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲁⲓⲅⲩⲡⲧⲓⲟⲥ|ⲛⲓⲁⲓⲅⲩⲡⲧⲓⲟⲥ]] ϧⲉⲛⲠⲁⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ ⲥⲉϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲚⲉⲕⲟϯ. Ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛⲁϥⲟⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲏⲓ [[Wp/cop/Ⲙⲉⲧϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲃⲁⲕⲓ|ⲛ̀ϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲃⲁⲕⲓ]] ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ [[Wp/cop/Ϫⲓⲛⲱⲛϧ|ⲟⲩϫⲓⲛⲱⲛϧ]] ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟⲥ ⲉⲛⲁϥϣⲟⲡ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ 4000 ϣⲁ3000 ϧϫ̅ⲛ̅ⲭ̅ⲥ̅. Ⲛⲓⲥⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲧⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲥⲉⲫⲱϣ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲚⲉⲕⲟϭ Ⲁ̅, Ⲃ̅, ⲛⲉⲙⲄ̅, ⲉⲩⲉⲣⲭⲱⲣⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩ 1,400 ⲛ̀ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ. Ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲁⲓⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/Ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ̀|ϯⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ̀]], ϯⲙⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ, ϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲃⲁⲕⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲥⲉⲛϯ ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲗⲏⲧⲓⲁ̀ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ̀ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̀ⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/ⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ|Ⲫⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ]] ⲛⲉⲙ[[Wp/cop/Ⲥⲁϧⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲬⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲯⲁϧⲏⲧ]] ϧⲁⲡⲓϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲏⲓ. [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱϩ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ]] iekkx0ukhxbymjaoc843aqgjqcz51xm 6699774 6699767 2025-07-02T09:06:44Z Absudar 2108561 6699774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DeirMikhailNaqadaEntrance.jpg|thumb|Ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲘⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲓⲀⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲚⲉⲕⲟϯ.]] '''Ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|نقادة‎}}) ⲟⲩϯⲙⲓ ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ|ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ]] ⲉⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲛ̀ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲪⲓⲁ̀ⲣⲟ. Ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲕⲉⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲙϩⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲉⲓⲉⲃⲧ ⲥ̀ⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ [[Wp/cop/Ⲕⲱⲥ Ⲃⲉⲣⲃⲓⲣ|Ⲕⲱⲥ Ⲃⲉⲣⲃⲓⲣ]]. Ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉϯⲧⲉⲭⲛⲏ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϣⲱⲛⲧ ⲙ̀ⲫⲟⲩⲣⲕⲁ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̀ϫⲓϫ ⲛ̀ϣⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲟⲩⲟⲣⲡϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ [[Wp/cop/Ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ|ⲉ̀Ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲛⲁⲩⲉⲣⲭⲣⲁⲥⲑⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ. Ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲁⲓⲅⲩⲡⲧⲓⲟⲥ|ⲛⲓⲁⲓⲅⲩⲡⲧⲓⲟⲥ]] ϧⲉⲛⲠⲁⲛϩⲱⲥⲓ ⲥⲉϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲚⲉⲕⲟϯ. Ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛⲁϥⲟⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲏⲓ [[Wp/cop/Ⲙⲉⲧϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲃⲁⲕⲓ|ⲛ̀ϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲃⲁⲕⲓ]] ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ [[Wp/cop/Ϫⲓⲛⲱⲛϧ|ⲟⲩϫⲓⲛⲱⲛϧ]] ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟⲥ ⲉⲛⲁϥϣⲟⲡ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ 4000 ϣⲁ3000 ϧϫ̅ⲛ̅ⲭ̅ⲥ̅. Ⲛⲓⲥⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲧⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲥⲉⲫⲱϣ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲚⲉⲕⲟϭ Ⲁ̅, Ⲃ̅, ⲛⲉⲙⲄ̅, ⲉⲩⲉⲣⲭⲱⲣⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩ 1,400 ⲛ̀ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ. Ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲁⲓⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/Ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ̀|ϯⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ̀]], ϯⲙⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ, ϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲃⲁⲕⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲥⲉⲛϯ ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲗⲏⲧⲓⲁ̀ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ̀ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̀ⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/ⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ|Ⲫⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ]] ⲛⲉⲙ[[Wp/cop/Ⲥⲁϧⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲬⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲯⲁϧⲏⲧ]] ϧⲁⲡⲓϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲏⲓ. == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϯⲙⲓ ⲥⲉϫⲉⲙϥ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲱⲙ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟⲥ. Ⲉⲙⲏⲗ Ⲙⲁϩⲉⲣ ϥ̀ϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲡⲉⲥⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲚⲉⲕⲁⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ<ref>Ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ, Ⲉⲙⲏⲗ Ⲙⲁϩⲉⲣ (1975). ''The Phonetics and Phonology of the Boḥairic Dialect of Coptic and the Survival of Coptic Words in the Colloquial and Classical Arabic of Egypt and of Coptic Grammatical Constructions in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic''. ⲕ̅.1. ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲧⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲰⲝϥⲟⲣⲇ. ϩ̅.164.</ref> ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϭⲛⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ. Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ϥ̀ⲟⲛⲓ [[Wp/cop/Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ|ⲉ̀Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛϣ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲓⲛⲓ̀ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲓ. Ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲃⲓⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲪⲁⲑⲱⲣ ⲥⲉⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁ ϫⲉ t3-m3j-(n)inj-qdj ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛϣ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ̀Ⲛⲉⲕⲟϯ. == Ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏ == <references /> [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱϩ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲕⲱⲛⲏ]] m8gr68lyi8r71bmaarti44a25at6khs 0 3612242 6699770 2025-07-02T09:06:25Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699770 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/apc/2 تموز|2 تموز]] hx89ff20f0d5punmta4dv6g8lvozdoh 1 3612243 6699771 2025-07-02T09:06:30Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 10 3612244 6699772 2025-07-02T09:06:35Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699772 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/2 تموز|2 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Jk-rowling-crop.JPG | caption = جاي كي رولينغ | border = no | caption align = right }} hv5odw471wh1sg9pn0dcp78r82q4ez4 6699775 6699772 2025-07-02T09:07:05Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6699775 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/2 تموز|2 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Jk-rowling-crop.JPG | caption = جاي كي رولينغ | border = no | caption align = right }} [[Wp/apc/1779|1779]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: القوات الفرنسية نزلت قرب سانت جورج بغرينادا، و بلشت السيطرة على الجزيرة. [[Wp/apc/1990|1990]] – بثورة الغِنا: الحصار الاقتصادي السوفييتي على ليتوانيا (بالصورة) ترفع بعد ما البرلمان الليتواني وافق يعلّق تنفيذ قانون إعادة تأسيس الدولة الليتوانية. [[Wp/apc/1998|1998]] – اننشر كتاب "هاري بوتر و غرفة الأسرار" للكاتبة جاي كي رولينغ، و هو الجزء التاني من سلسلة هاري بوتر. [[Wp/apc/2013|2013]] – بمقاطعة آتشيه بإندونيسيا، زلزال بقوة 6.1 درجة ضرب المنطقة و قتل على القليلة 35 شخص و جرح 276. [[Wp/apc/2020|2020]] – انهيار أرضي بمنجم ياقوت بمنطقة هباكانت قتل بين 175 لـ200 عامل، و اعتُبر أفظع حادث تعدين بتاريخ بورما. 99dtjrkcat4gbvo9krh7yynz2bc58bw 6699777 6699775 2025-07-02T09:08:56Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6699777 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/2 تموز|2 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Jk-rowling-crop.JPG | caption = جاي كي رولينغ | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1779|1779]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: القوات الفرنسية نزلت قرب سانت جورج بغرينادا، و بلشت السيطرة على الجزيرة. * [[Wp/apc/1990|1990]] – بثورة الغِنا: الحصار الاقتصادي السوفييتي على ليتوانيا (بالصورة) ترفع بعد ما البرلمان الليتواني وافق يعلّق تنفيذ قانون إعادة تأسيس الدولة الليتوانية. * [[Wp/apc/1998|1998]] – اننشر كتاب "هاري بوتر و غرفة الأسرار" للكاتبة جاي كي رولينغ، و هو الجزء التاني من سلسلة هاري بوتر. * [[Wp/apc/2013|2013]] – بمقاطعة آتشيه بإندونيسيا، زلزال بقوة 6.1 درجة ضرب المنطقة و قتل على القليلة 35 شخص و جرح 276. * [[Wp/apc/2020|2020]] – انهيار أرضي بمنجم ياقوت بمنطقة هباكانت قتل بين 175 لـ200 عامل، و اعتُبر أفظع حادث تعدين بتاريخ بورما. cwwqg72m4syhfb8hzd68bhkzc3b6lws 6699778 6699777 2025-07-02T09:09:11Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6699778 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/2 تموز|2 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Jk-rowling-crop.JPG | caption = جاي كي رولينغ | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1779|1779]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: القوات الفرنسية نزلت قرب سانت جورج بغرينادا، و بلشت السيطرة على الجزيرة. * [[Wp/apc/1990|1990]] – بثورة الغِنا: الحصار الاقتصادي السوفييتي على ليتوانيا (بالصورة) ترفع بعد ما البرلمان الليتواني وافق يعلّق تنفيذ قانون إعادة تأسيس الدولة الليتوانية. * [[Wp/apc/1998|1998]] – اننشر كتاب "هاري بوتر و غرفة الأسرار" للكاتبة جاي كي رولينغ، و هو الجزء التاني من سلسلة هاري بوتر. * [[Wp/apc/2013|2013]] – بمقاطعة آتشيه بإندونيسيا، زلزال بقوة 6.1 درجة ضرب المنطقة و قتل على القليلة 35 شخص و جرح 276. * [[Wp/apc/2020|2020]] – انهيار أرضي بمنجم ياقوت بمنطقة هباكانت قتل بين 175 لـ200 عامل، و اعتُبر أفظع حادث تعدين بتاريخ بورما. <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5663337}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> kkj2u0nojs0sgrmjckk9jxeh49raaxz 6699779 6699778 2025-07-02T09:09:23Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٢ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز]] 6699778 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/2 تموز|2 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Jk-rowling-crop.JPG | caption = جاي كي رولينغ | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1779|1779]] – بحرب الاستقلال الأميركية: القوات الفرنسية نزلت قرب سانت جورج بغرينادا، و بلشت السيطرة على الجزيرة. * [[Wp/apc/1990|1990]] – بثورة الغِنا: الحصار الاقتصادي السوفييتي على ليتوانيا (بالصورة) ترفع بعد ما البرلمان الليتواني وافق يعلّق تنفيذ قانون إعادة تأسيس الدولة الليتوانية. * [[Wp/apc/1998|1998]] – اننشر كتاب "هاري بوتر و غرفة الأسرار" للكاتبة جاي كي رولينغ، و هو الجزء التاني من سلسلة هاري بوتر. * [[Wp/apc/2013|2013]] – بمقاطعة آتشيه بإندونيسيا، زلزال بقوة 6.1 درجة ضرب المنطقة و قتل على القليلة 35 شخص و جرح 276. * [[Wp/apc/2020|2020]] – انهيار أرضي بمنجم ياقوت بمنطقة هباكانت قتل بين 175 لـ200 عامل، و اعتُبر أفظع حادث تعدين بتاريخ بورما. <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5663337}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> kkj2u0nojs0sgrmjckk9jxeh49raaxz 11 3612245 6699773 2025-07-02T09:06:40Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6699773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 6699781 6699773 2025-07-02T09:09:23Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٢ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز]] 6699773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 10 3612246 6699780 2025-07-02T09:09:23Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٢ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز]] 6699780 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز]] hi1mzsc084p19mz2h9q3l5l2pbv40w6 11 3612247 6699782 2025-07-02T09:09:23Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٢ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز]] 6699782 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز]] npxxx0hbr989reb67y3w7howsw4wvg6 3 3612248 6699786 2025-07-02T09:14:20Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699786 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 09:14, 2 July 2025 (UTC) rcxiakxl9h5ehmv83ra5muploowhrys 10 3612249 6699798 2025-07-02T09:44:01Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wy/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wy/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wy/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wy/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wy/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wy/sy..." 6699798 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wy/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wy/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wy/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wy/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wy/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wy/syl/Resbox|demo=y}} {{wy/syl/Documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --></noinclude> pqk3ay59s7cqdxnsmq5dzqdjoyw5fl4 6699799 6699798 2025-07-02T09:44:26Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠣꠔ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠟꠉ ꠟꠣꠉꠣꠁꠀꠞ [[d:Q21549255]] 6699799 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wy/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wy/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wy/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wy/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wy/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wy/syl/Resbox|demo=y}} {{wy/syl/Documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> {{INTERWIKI|Q21549255}} </noinclude> juztg2hnizlefjifcce8dr3o6g5qfle 6699800 6699799 2025-07-02T09:45:17Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699800 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wn/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{Qmark}}&nbsp;{{var|Any [[Template:Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Resbox|demo=y}} {{documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --></noinclude> h105n0gdpnk4eyxfqn8dr9mmfr5p8p6 10 3612250 6699801 2025-07-02T09:45:39Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wn/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wy/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wy/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wy/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wy/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wy/sy..." 6699801 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wn/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wy/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wy/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wy/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wy/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wy/syl/Resbox|demo=y}} {{wy/syl/Documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --></noinclude> 9lot4u1kbnb2xdlayhfb0kuyyczncfo 6699802 6699801 2025-07-02T09:46:00Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699802 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wn/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wn/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wn/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wn/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wn/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wy/syl/Resbox|demo=y}} {{wy/syl/Documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --></noinclude> 4ety3isbu85wrk9jai55b8bbecqostc 6699803 6699802 2025-07-02T09:46:24Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699803 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}wn/syl/Hmbox | class = resolved | message = <div style="margin-left: -0.6em; display: inline-block;">{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1|{{{text}}}}}}|{{ {{{1|{{{text}}}}}} }}|{{{1|{{{text|{{#if:{{{demo|}}}|{{wn/syl/Qmark}}&nbsp;{{wn/syl/Var|Any [[Template:wn/syl/Done/See also|inline resolution template]] here}}|{{wn/syl/Resolved mark|size=24px}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> | extra = {{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} | imagesize = 0x0 }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wn/syl/Resbox|demo=y}} {{Wn/syl/Documentation}}<!-- Place categories on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --></noinclude> ezq2y07hc067vhfatip9fcsoesvayy8 10 3612251 6699804 2025-07-02T09:47:16Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<templatestyles src="wn/syl/Hmbox/styles.css" /><div role="note" class="hmbox-outer {{{class|}}}"><div class="hmbox-inner">[[File:{{{image|Blank.png}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|20x20}}px|link=|alt=]] {{{message|}}}</div>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{extra|}}}|&#8202;– <span style="font-size: 85%">{{{extra}}}</span>}}</div><noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} <!-- Place category links on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank..." 6699804 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="wn/syl/Hmbox/styles.css" /><div role="note" class="hmbox-outer {{{class|}}}"><div class="hmbox-inner">[[File:{{{image|Blank.png}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|20x20}}px|link=|alt=]] {{{message|}}}</div>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{extra|}}}|&#8202;– <span style="font-size: 85%">{{{extra}}}</span>}}</div><noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} <!-- Place category links on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> 30hi1dl842j618fpn72qob2lp591ukn 6699805 6699804 2025-07-02T09:47:30Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6699805 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="wn/syl/Hmbox/styles.css"/><div role="note" class="hmbox-outer {{{class|}}}"><div class="hmbox-inner">[[File:{{{image|Blank.png}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|20x20}}px|link=|alt=]] {{{message|}}}</div>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{extra|}}}|&#8202;– <span style="font-size: 85%">{{{extra}}}</span>}}</div><noinclude> {{Wn/syl/Documentation}} <!-- Place category links on the /doc sub-page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> 7bkyday4iej3om24y0d2u6uxync02gg 3 3612252 6699811 2025-07-02T11:17:31Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699811 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:17, 2 July 2025 (UTC) o3p37e8u1myc0d2di0p82i8v73x13b5 3 3612253 6699821 2025-07-02T11:35:54Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699821 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:35, 2 July 2025 (UTC) jg14c0ohsg5iy0b4hg1x312y14x8yco 0 3612254 6699822 2025-07-02T11:37:09Z Mirlim 2598865 terjemah dari [[:w:simple:Egg (food)]] 6699822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Tray Of Eggs.jpg|thumb|Tĕló [[Wp/mfa/Aye|aye]]]] '''Tĕló''' hok maknusiyo dók make ni skalo ado kulék yo, yakni [[Wp/mfa/Kulék tĕló|kulék tĕló]]. Dale tĕló sajo ado bahagiye yo: [[Wp/mfa/Putéh tĕló|putéh tĕló]], [[Wp/mfa/Kuning tĕló|kuning tĕló]] nga mace-mace membran diyo hok nipih. Nak-nak bahagiye '''tĕló''' buléh make, kacawoli kulék diyo hok skalo nyo tohók. Tĕló ni sumbo hok molek nok buléh ko [[Wp/mfa/Proting|proting]].{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|protein}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] 5hfwetajdpqa9kchcc8k02q50trzcal 6699823 6699822 2025-07-02T11:39:55Z Mirlim 2598865 6699823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Tray Of Eggs.jpg|thumb|Tĕló [[Wp/mfa/Aye|aye]]]] '''Tĕló''' hok maknusiyo dók make ni skalo ado kulék yo, yakni [[Wp/mfa/Kulék tĕló|kulék tĕló]]. Dale tĕló sajo ado bahagiye yo: [[Wp/mfa/Putéh tĕló|putéh tĕló]], [[Wp/mfa/Kuning tĕló|kuning tĕló]] nga mace-mace membréng{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|membran}} diyo hok nipih. Nak-nak bahagiye '''tĕló''' buléh make, kacawoli kulék diyo hok skalo nyo tohók. Tĕló ni sumbo hok molek nok buléh ko [[Wp/mfa/Proting|proting]].{{Wp/mfa/Kok nnayu|protein}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] p4okq754421e1er3mqcu8c650vg611s 3 3612255 6699825 2025-07-02T11:51:36Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699825 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:51, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1tqzqusg1yzrc856jd90z5d80qya60a 3 3612256 6699826 2025-07-02T11:51:45Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6699826 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:51, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1tqzqusg1yzrc856jd90z5d80qya60a