Wikimedia Incubator incubatorwiki https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Incubator:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Incubator Incubator talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Translations Translations talk 0 79657 6707219 6456356 2025-07-10T21:26:17Z CommonsDelinker 992 Replacing [[Image:Bombardementd_alger-1830.jpg]] with [[Image:Bombardement_d'Alger_-_1830.jpg]] (deleted by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because of: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Obvious error). 6707219 wikitext text/x-wiki و عيطولها فاني ''لـبهجة''، ''لـمحروسة '' ولا تاني ''دزاير لـبَيضة جزاير، بل عربية الجزاير و بل [[بربريّة]] لدزاير.'' ، هيا عاصمت`لجزاير و أكبُر مدينة فل بلاد. جايّة على شطّ` لبحَر لـمتـْوسّط ال، لـمدينة مدّت آسمها لل ولايت لي هيّا مدينتها الـقايدة ''دزاير، 32 قرن من التاريخ'' حسين مزالي, إناق/سينارجي ., دزاير 2000. فل 2008، كان عدد سكـّان لـوْلايت قريب ثلث ملايَن. لمشتمع دزيري يـلمّ قريب 5 ملايَن بنادم ولا 12 بل ميَة تاع سكـّان` لـجزاير، هاذ شي يـدير دزاير هيا أكبُر مجمع تاع سكـّان فلبلاد لـمغارْبا. {| class="infobox bordered" style="float: left; text-align: right; font-size: 90%;" |[[File:AlgerLaBlanche.jpg|link=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AlgerLaBlanche.jpg|thumb|جزاير البيضة]] |} {{وحدة حضارية}} نتاع دزاير فيها 2ٖ4817788 ساكن علا حساب{{لوفيسي ناصيونال للي يدير لحساب نتاع دزيريين}} علا حساب لعد اتالي في 2008امعا 4٫4 نتاع ساكن علا حساب لمينيستخ نتاع ليزفاراتخونجاغ نتاع فرنسا بصح كي حسبوها لقاو ڨڔيب 6772608 عايلة في 2010 تبعو لكلاصمو نتاع 100 بلاد كبيرة في لموند لي سماوها ''وورلد غاسيتار''7796923 ساكن في 2015 على حساب شعب تاريخي ولولانى على حساب {{تكديس}} نتاع {{لمغرب}} دزايرتشكلت {{فلساتيام سياكل لقرن سابع}} عتابروها كونتوار تابع لوقت {{لفينيقيين}} بلاد لبربر كي نشوفو لسم نتاع ايكوزيم ستعمرتها {{رومان}} و {{لاندلس}} و {{لبزنطنين}} و من بعد لعصر لوسطاني نحتلت من طرف قبيله لبربر نتاع بني مزقانه لي هوا راجل بربري و فل نص نتاع لقرن لعاشر،اسس دزاير نتاع ضروك. كي نشوفو لاسم نتاع دزاير مازال حتى لضروك من"ديزني "{{لي اغاب}} لمحوها بلعربيه لكابيتال نتاع دزاير مدارش لأول انتاعو في لدزاير فلوقت نتاع لي خرجت فيه {{لوصايا تع لعرش}} ف1515 هلاله راهي ضروك وحده من لي سيتي لي بليزا لمهمين نتاع لبحر لمتوسط {{فلسازيام سياكل}}، بخاتيك لو(كوخسو)وعلى كل شي لامكانيات نتاع لبحر،دارت باساج تع لفلوتات تاعهم . {{لكابيتال}} تع لدزاير كونفيرما في وقت نتاع {{لكوليناليزاسيو فرانساز}} وولات كاين فما لدار نتاع لجنرال نتاع فرنسا في{{1942}}حتى1944 من وقت لي دزاير استقلت فل 1962 و بدات هيا لكابيتال. دار لسياج نتاع لانستيتيسيو بوليتيك تاع لبلادو زاد فاني راه جوا لغول لولاني ليخص ليكونوميك . هيّا الغاصمة تاع الجازاير و المدينة لي فيها سكان بزاف. جاية على شط لبحر لبيض لمتوسط، لمدينة تعطي اسمها للولاية .مدينة دزاير فيها بزاف دايرات لي مافيهاني شخصيات حكومية ني ادارة خاصة. لجيهة لحضرية تاع دزاير فيها 2481788 سكان على حساب لمكتب لوطني تاع لاحصاء عام 2008.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927232532/http://www.ons.dz/IMG/armature2008-%20FINAL%281%29.pdf</ref>. معا 4.4 مليون سكان على حساب وزارة تاع لاشغال لفرنسية تاع لخارج<ref>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/algerie/presentation-de-l-algerie/</ref>. في وقت لي لحصائيات تقول بلي كاين 6727806 سكان في عام 2010 تابعة لل كلاصمن تاع 100 اكبر مدينة فل عالم تاع ''ورلد غازاتار''<ref>http://populationsdumonde.com/classements/les-100-plus-grandes-agglomerations-du-monde</ref> و 7796923 سكان في 2015 على حساب ''داتا''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110103183926/http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=palmares&rid=4&nom=grandes-villes</ref>. دزاير هيا لولة في لمغرب لعربي من جيهة نومبر تاع سكان. تبنات في لقرن 4 قبل ميلاد عيسى عليه سلام ،كيما جيهة فبنيقية في بلاد لبربر ،معروفة بسم ''ايكوسيم''،سكنو فيها رومان ،فنداليين،و لبيزنطيين و لعرب منبعد فيلبداية تاع لقرون لوسطا سكنوا فيها جماعة تاع لبربر تاع بني مزغنا .هذي لحومة تاع لبربر تاع زيريد بولوغين بني زيري ،في وسط لقرن 5 لي تبنات دزاير تاع ضروك ،بسم ''جزايير'' ولا ''لزاير'' ،كيمانسموها ضروك ب لعربية و بل بربرية . ماكنش لكابيتال تاع جزاير حتى كي وقت لحكومة تاع جزاير في 1515. هي وحدة من لمدن لي عندها امبورتونس كبيرة تاع بحر لبيض متوسط بين قرن 16 و بداية تاع قرن 19 ،لكورصو لي فيها لا بويصونص لبحرية بعثة جماعة من لي باتو تاوعها .دور تاعها تاع كابيتال تاع لبلاد كبر فب وقت لحتلال تاع فرنسا وين كانت لبلاصة تاع جينيرال لحاكم تاع جزاير .دزاير كانت لعاصمة تاع فرنسا لمستقلة من عام 1942 حتى عام 1944. من بعد لاستقلال تاع جزاير ،في عام 1962 ولات لكابيتال تاع تاع لحكومة جزايرية ،فيها بزاف مؤسسات سياسية تاع لبلاد زيد بزيادة هيا لعاصمة تاع لاقتصاد تاع لبلاد. {| class="infobox bordered" style="float: left; text-align: right; font-size: 90%;" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ECECEC; font-size: large;" |جزاير جزاير العاصيمة |- |[[File:Algiers-COA.svg|link=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Algiers-COA.svg|right|118x118px|جزاير]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ECECEC; font-size: large;" |الايسم |- |'''ايسم بل عربية''' : الجزاير العاصيمة |- |'''ايسم بل القبايلية''' :ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ (دزاير) |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ECECEC; font-size: large;" |الايدارة |- |[[البلاد]] : [[الجازاير]][[File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|link=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|20x20px|Flag of Algeria]] |- |[[الولاية]] : [[جزاير]] |- |[[الكود البوسطال]] : 16000 |- |[[الكود تاع التيليفون]] :021 / 023 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ECECEC; font-size: large;" |الديموغرافيا |- |[[جنتيلي]] : دزيريين/دزايريات |- |[[السوكان]] : 2481788 سوكان فل (2008<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20130927232532/http://www.ons.dz/IMG/armature2008-%20FINAL%281%29.pdf</ref>) |- |[[الكاثافة]] : 2086 سوكان/كم² |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ECECEC; font-size: large;" |الجوغرافييا |- |[[الايحداثييات]] : |} == '''تسمية تاع لبلاصة''' == في وحد لمختصر يهدر عل لصل لدزاير7 .البرت فرحات كتب :"لاسم نتاع "لدزاير" بلي يرجع لوحد {{كتالون}} الغيارة " غيل هوا ڤال بلي دزاير تابعة للاسم نتاع {{بولوغين.بن زيري}} 8 لي كان حاك. و يرجع فان لبكري {{"لبكري"}} بلي معروفة بلبلايص شابين و لڤاويين نتاع اندلوا ، في هذا لوصف نتاع لافريك، داروه في لشابينغ نتاعها حذا طريق {{عاشير}} في دزاير بني مزغنا (من جوايه عام 1068 و لا لقرن سات قبل لترك ، ربع قرون قبل بن خلدون ،و قرن واحد قبل {{لمحدس}} و عشرة سنين قبل لمغافيدس ، و لا قريب زوج قرون قبل مايبان لدين في لشمال افريقيا و هدر على لدزاير فان كيما اميوسونت و سوغتي نتاع ڤوت و اوتغ و واحداخرين بقاو الراس كيما مؤتمر نتاع للحرب كيما يبغي لحال"مدينة تحكم في لبلدان لخرين" "لعاصمة لي تحكم في لبلدان " . [[File:Algeria relief location map.jpg|thumb|Algeria relief location map]] لوسين ماس لاتري . تفكر لهدرة نتاع بكري ساجيسي ازاءات {{لعاصمة لي تحكم في لبلدان}} ليكوزيوم هدر عليها برك من ڤع هذوك لبلدان لكبار نتاع روما11 ،و بالنسبا بهذا لاسم نفسو نتاع {{ليكري}} ڤال بلي لبلاد هاذي يسوموها {{جزاير بني مزغنا}} و بلعربية (جزاير) و ماشي (الجزائر) و بلزيادا في ذا لوصف لطويل ماهوش علا {{مزغنا}} و على لهجة نتاع لعربية مبين قاوي على هدا سوجي درت حاجا غيڤيلياغ ندخل في ليراس علا لاسويت نتاع لويجي لي راهم يديروه و فان على حساب ترجما لي دارها ويليام ماك ڤوكان نتاع صلات هاذا لي جا من لتالي زاد في لفهاما نتاع {{جزاير نتاع مزغنا}} حاجا لي مكاش ڤع منها في تاكست تاع لعربية لوغيجينال فان نتاع صلان {{اوغتوغرافيا جازاير}} خير من {{جزاير}} هذيك لي تنكتب كيما نسمعوها على {{ليكري}} لي هو دارها في تاكست تاعو بڤع لهداري لمخيرين حنا رانا باغيين بمانيار مليحة و مطبوعة بلي لاسم نتاع {{لدزاير}}مافيهش لاغتيكل ديفيني "ال" مالتويغ للغة لعربية نبقاو نخمو بلي جازاير ماهيش متعلقا باسم بنون كرمان ،ني ا كاليفيكاتيف و لا اجيكتيف ، بصح بخيسين بلغتيكل "ال" مي فيها نون بخويخ كيما {{مزغنا}} ، عاشير (لي مايقولوش المزغنا ولا العاشير الى اخره ) فان هاذي "ال" نتاع الجزائر جيتيغالمون تخليها تولي حاجة بعيدة ، و تديها لنوس انتاغيناسيون نتاع نتاع الاسم نتاع {{لدزاير}} ،بغاو يخلوها ويلا هوا يبين كيما يسمعوها وعلى حساب لي فيها {{لجازاير}} لترجما نتاعها اوغال ،بلي كونساغفاتغيس و بلي بخيسي علا لوغيجين ، ما توليش نفسها الكلمة لولى ،لي عاودو كتبوها بـ "ليكري" جزاير / دزاير ولي بلا لاغتيكل "ال" ولات ڤريبا للمعنا زيري خير من جزاير (ساشون وحداخر بلعربيا جازاير نڤولو الجزير /وكي يكونو قاويين الجزر ) لي هي زيري (سي تا ديغ الجيرواز) لي هيا بڤع لوجيك افونتاج نتاع {{زيريد}} (لبلاد لي جات مورا بولوغين بن زيري ،كابيتال نتاع ديناسيتي {{زيريد}} و لحباس نتاع زيري ),[[File:La cite le port et le mole d Alger.jpg|thumb|La cite le port et le mole d Alger]]ليكري بان لهم حسبوه كيما ڤع ليبوليغراف لي كوشي باغ لكتيبا نتاع جيوغرافي نتاع شمال افريقيا ،ميديافال (تلم فان التاغم نتاع "لمغرب" مع هذا نتاع "افريقيا " وماڤالش علا "لجزاير نتاع لمغرب ")ڤع كون نعاودو نكتبو مليح لسم نتاع دزاير اللي كتبوه اول مرة, مانلقاوش نفس لوغتوغراف نتاع "لجزاير" معا نطولو لحرف بين "أ" "or" ول"i" بصح "جازاير "ب" "ي" بلا "ال" {{جزاير}} على حساب هدرة {{بكري}} ،همالا جايا قريب قاوي للهدرة نتاع وقت {{ديناستي زيري}}. لسم نتاع {{تيغزيرت}}تيقزيرت فاني راهي غيل حذا لمعنى نتاع تاغم جازيرا,فيها شك شويا لليغيازاسيو نتاع لكلمة نتاع لعربية الجزيرا ، اللي ولات {{تيخزيرت}} و من بعد ولات {{تيڤزيرت}}،بصح هذي لبلاد جاية حذا لقبايل لكبيرة. ڤعد {{لبرغباغوفون}} ،مڤاغدي هذا لمعنى لڤديم لجاي من "ايڤزار" (اللي هو بير/واد) رجع {{تيغزيرت}}(بير صغير/واد صغير). لمعنا نتاع لسم لي ريبوندا عليه مليح مليح و جا ڤد ڤد عليها في ڤع {{شمال نتاع افريقيا}} حتى للحدود نتاع لصحرا.مڤابل {{تيغزيرت}} كاين فاني جزر متساميين،كيفكيف مع شتا صرا في لدزاير ،لبلاد فيها فان وحد لي غوتين غومان كيما لغاست نتاع لحدود لملاح لي زاينوختو ،ڤع يشبهو لدزاير و فاني تنس،شرشال،قرطاجا،تونس،طنجا،برسالونا،مارساي،الى اخره، ڤع ليبوغ بخوتيجي سابقتهم جزر حاجا كيما تيغزيرت ،قع مسيطرين عليهم. ڤع ماقدروش يعرفو حتى يشك علا لاصل نتاع لسم نتاعها في لاميزيغ و لا حتى تخمام تاعهم . ماكرهوش ڤعدو هكذاك يتسابقو و يسبقو في والديهم على هذا لبلاد . بالعكس في لدزاير لي عرفت و كان فيها تطوير كل يوم يزيدو،بصح ضروك من بعد لي {{بولوغين بن زيري}} ،لي {{دار ديناستي زيريد}} (ايزيبريان في لقبايل و لزيغيون نتاع لعرب،بغاشن من تاع سنهاجا و دخل كوتيما،ومن بعد لي ربطهم.ومن بعدلي كان يهدرا رايس نتع فاتيميداس ،و مؤسس نتاع لقاهرا و لا وحداخرا ). البرت فرحات دار غيفلاكسيو نتع اغتيكل ليكسيكوغراف (جان-بابتست،بون لاافونتيغ نتع روكي فوغت)13:"فالديكسيوناتع نتاعو تع لغة لفرنساوية. {{جون بابتست}}.بون افونتيغ،لايم {{لعثمانيين}} و مالين هذيك لبلاصا،يعيطولها بلاد {{لدزاير}} على لسم نتاع {{لغازي}} نتع غازو بلعربية."لغازي" بويسك لي داروه لقراصنا في لبحر داروه علاجال لمسيحيين لنصارى14 بخيسي فان دزاير،نتاع لجازاير هي مملكة بلاصا شابا جايا بين تونس نتاع ضروك و لمروك نتع ضروك لي صابو بلي هذي لبلاصا شابا هير "جزيرا" لي لازم تربط بين لقارات بصح هي سؤال نتع ڤع لبلدان ليسموهم{{جزر}}،و ماشي غيل لدزاير برك15 (لي ماهي جايا حذا جازيرا ني حذا لارض لي لما ڤع داير بيها من ثلث جوايه) هذا يرجع للهدرة نتع"ايدرسين"(الادرسين)"لي مشا ع لمغرب باش يدخل لمروك،عدهذا لتغيتواغ كيما لاصويت نتاع لجزر (جبولا كبار يسكنوا فيهم)و فيهم لما بزاف و لفهاما لثقافا بزاف) بين لبحر لمتوسط و لمحيط نتع لاطلس من جها و لصحرا من جها واحداخرا و فان لياه بين "لدزاير"و لمعنى نتاع "جزيرا"هنايا تربط بين لمفهوم لجملا نتع "جزيرا" على حساب لي اوتخ تغيتواغ لي بلي قغار لمغرب و لا"لجزر الدارڤا"لي ڤلها لادريسي و ماشي لجزر لي جايين مڤابل لبلاد نفسها غيل هي) لي يجي ڤد ڤد معا نطق نتاعها دزاير/دزيري/دزيربون نتاع زيري بالبربريا،وجازيرا بلعربيا" من بعد،صاب بلي"علا حساب سماعيل مجبار"لدزاير دات لسم نتاعها من عند"بولوغين بن زيري" لي عطالها لسم نتاع زيري باش يخلي لاسم نتاع باباه"17 دزاير جات من لاناتوغيرنيم زيري"لي يعني حاجا واضحا و باينا لواحد بربري. لازم نعرفو بلي "ليكري" من عند لويس ماس لاتري.لبليزير سياكل متباعدين ماهومش ڤراب،كونفيرم بلي لوفات كولش كان نتاع لدزاير و لي دايرين بيهم(متيجا) ڤاع كانو ڤع بغبغ (دونك على حساب لي بوك لي كي بدا لموايان اج،هيا فرق باين بين لبغياغوفون نتاع هذا الشعب لناس) و يسكنو حذا لحدود نتاع لمملكا"حماديداس"و فان في بلاصا لدزاير. لدزاير ماتقدرش بمعنى "الجزاير/لجزر) يهدرو بغبغ،حتى لوقت لي جا لمؤسس زيريد،ولمزغنا(بني مزغنا)كان راجع لليبوك قديما قاوي،وللكونكات زيريد باش يولي{{زيريد بن مزغنا}} مورا لاحتلال نتاع لبلاد من طرف بولوغين بن زيري. [[File:Description_de_l'univers_(1683)_(14597476860).jpg|link=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Description_de_l'univers_(1683)_(14597476860).jpg|280x280px|جزاير فل 1983]] على تاريخ تسمية تاع دزاير<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171109023759/http://www.eldjazaircom.dz/index.php?id_rubrique=220&id_article=2276</ref>, ،البرت فارحات كتب: «لاسم تاع دزاير جاي من [[لكتالنية]] الجار<ref>http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm</ref>,،لي بروحها جاية من جزاير لاسم لي عطاهولها [[بولوغين بن زيري]]<ref>http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm</ref>, ،لمؤسس للمملكة [[زيىيدية]] ،كي بنى لمدينة في عام [[960]] بعد لديشي تاع لمدينة لقديمة بالسم روماني '''لكوزيوم''' جزاير بني مازغنة .لمعنى تاع لاسم لي عطاهولها [[بولوغين بن زيري]] يرجع للجزر لب جايين قبالة للبور تاع '''دزاير''' في وقت لي من بعد ولاو تابعين ليها ؛ [[بالعربية]] الجزاير الجزر<ref>http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm</ref>، بلفرونسي جزاير بني مزغنة .لكلمة تاع جزيرة ،على حساب لي مختاثيت في لجغرافيا لمسلمين تاع لقرون لوسطى ،فان يعني الجيهة تاع لهضاب تاع لجزاير تاع هاد لوقت ،جاية بين لصحرى لكبيرة و بحر لبيض لمتوسط ،جاية كي شغول جزيرة تاع لحياة.» يرجع ضركا للباكري «[[الباكري]]،بوليڨراف معروف اندلوسي وصف افريقيا في طريڨ تاع [[آشير]] في جزاير بني مزغنة ( جوايه عام 1068 ،ست قرون قبل لتراكا ،رابع قرون قبل [[ابن خلدون]] ، [[قرن ااموحدين]] و عشر سنين قبل [[الراديڨ]] ،وحد زوج قرون ورا ما دخل شمال [[افريقيا]]في لاسلام ،هدر على دزاير بلي غنية بزاف و فبها بزاف لي مونيمون جاية شغل «كابيتال تاع مملكة» لويس ماص لاتري ،عاود ڨال واش ڨال لبكري على لوكيزيوم «كابيتال تاع مملكة» ، لوكيزيوم كانت غير مدينة من لمدينات تاع لمملكتدة تاع رومان.<ref>https://books.google.fr/books?id=FHfr1swiGg0C&pg=PA25&dq=alger+maghraoua&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1PYrPJ0R_WkPG8KVyq18b4lLZC8w#PPA25,M1</ref>. على لاسم [[لباكري]] يڨول بلي لمدينة تسما جزاير بني مزغنا و لكتيبة بلعربية جزاير و مشي الجزائر .زيد بزيادة ،هدر بزاف و وصفها بزاف ،ماڨال في حاتى شابيتر من كتابو بلي جزاير معنتها « لجزر » ،بلعكس يڨول بلي هاذ تسمية راجعة [[لبني مزغنا]].لڤيغسيون بلعربية ،تهدر بزاف على هاذ سوجي على جال هاد شي لي كول واحد فهمو كيما يبغي.وزيد ،في طرجمة لي دارها [[ويليام ماك غوكن دوسلان]]،هادا زاد ڨال بلي لجزر تاع قبيلا تاع مزغنة ،بصاح هاد لهدرة مكايناش فل ڤاغسيون لي بلعربية اوغيجينال .وبزيادة دوسلان كتب جازاير في بلاصة جزاير كيما نطقها [[لباكري]] لي تبرى في تاكست تاعو من ڨاع تفسيرات لي ماهيش مفهومة.يسما حنا نديرو في بالنا بلي دزاير تنكتب بلا« ال » تاع لوغة لعربيا ،و بلي جزاير ماهيش اسم و خلاص ، وماهيش صفة لي لازم نزيدولها «ال» مي هي اسم صافي كيما مزغنا ، [[آشير]](ماشي الآشير ولا المزغنة ،و ڨاع). فاني ،«ال » تاع جزاير بلعادة مقبول بلغلطة من طرجمة تاع لاسم تاع دزاير ، سير تو منين هاد لاسم يشبه للكلمة تاع جزيرة .بلعادة كي نهدرو ،ننطقوها مليح كيما كتبها لباكري جزاير بحال زيري،بلا «ال» ( و نعرفو بلي بلعربية جزييرة و كي يكونوا بزاف نومبر تاعهم نڨولو جزر ).و باه تكون دزيري بحال الجيغوا ،معنتها تكون زيريد (لڤيلاج تاع [[بولوغين بن زيري]] لكابيتال تاع [[زيريد]] قبيلةومن زيري ) هعنتها ساكن في جزيرة. [[الباكري]] هوا لبوليڨراڨ لول لي كتب على لجغرافيا تاع افريقا تاع نوغ (منبعد يڨول بلي لكلمة تاع لمغرب مرتبطة معا لافريك ماڨلش بلي اجزر تاع لغرب).علا جال هاد شي ،ايدا لازم نكتبو مليح بلعربية لاسم تاع آلجي منكتبوش جزائر مي نكتبو جزاير هاكا علا حساب لكتيبة تاع [[الباكري]] و ڨريبا قاوي للافاصون تاع نطق تاع عهد بني زيريد. لاسم تاع [[تيڨزرت]] : تيڨزرت لمعتدنى تاعها يرجع فاني للجزر ،كب شغل لسم تاع جزاير بلبربرية لي يولي تيجزيرت ،منبعد يولي تيڨزيرت ،بصح لمظينة جاية على جيهة لقبايل لكبيرة ،ساكنبن فيها لبربريين ،بقات دايمن محافضة على لمعنى لقديم تاعها لي جاي من إبڨزير (لمنبع\لعين)،رجع «تيڨزارت » (لمنبع صغير/لعين صغيرة)هاذ تسمية معرفة ڨاع ف لافريك تاع نوغ خطحتى من جوايه صحرا .مقابل تيڨزيرت كاين فاني واحد لجزر ،كيما ف دزاير لمدينة فيها ديشي تاع رومانيين ،زيد بزيادة ديشي تاع وحد لواحة موهمة بزاف ،كبف كيف كيما حالة دزاير ...بصح كاين فاني [[تنس]]،[[شرشال]]،[[كارطاج]]،[[تونس]] ،[[طانجة]] ،[[برشلونة]] [[مارصاي]] و ڤاع .، ڨاع هادو لي بور كاين ڨبالهم جزور ،ڨاع كيما راهم [[تيقزيرت]] حتا واحد ما يشك ف تسمية تاعها بحيث ماكاش حاجة لي تخلط ف تاريخ تاع تسمية نتاع هاد لڤيلاج بلعكس دزاير لي فاتت ببزاف ليزيطاب من وقت لمعاودة تاع لبنيان تاعها مع [[بولوغين بن زيري]] ،لباني تاع بلاد بني [[زيريد]] (ايزيرن بلقبايلية و الزيريون بلعربية ،جي لهة من بلاد [[صنهاجة]] و حتا اسم من جوايه [[كوتوما]] ،و [[ڤاتيميد]]، و لي بناو لقاهرا لو [[كاير]]). البرت فرحات زاد فكر علا وحد لكتيبة علا ليكصيكڨراف [[جون بابتيز بوناڤونتير دو روكافور]]: <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110519102636/http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/article/Roquefort_Jean-Baptiste-Bonaventure/11000481</ref>«فا ديكسيونار تاع لوغة لفرنسية ،[[جون بابتيز بوناڤونتير دو روكافور|جون بابتيز بوناڤونتير]] ڨال بلي لعثمانيين و اوتوشوتيين يسمو لمدينة تاع دزاير تاع لغازي ،تاع غازو بلعربية «لموحاربة»،لاقي باش ليبيراط مانو رايحين يحاربو لمسيحيين. <ref>http://books.google.fr/books?id=atcSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA235&dq=%C3%A9tymologie+alger</ref>و ڨال فان بلي دزاير تاع لجزاير ،كانت مملكة «كانت جازيرة كان لازم ترجع تابعة للقارة وفاني،هنا رانا نهدرو علا بلاصة كاملة سموه جزيرة ،ماشي غير لمدينة تاع دزاير(وهاذي ماهيش ماهيش جاية في جزيرة ولا خليج)،لي دير علا لهدرة تاع [[ايدريس]]«لي لي كان فايت في لماغرب لكبيى باه يجوز علا [[لماروك]] ،في بالو بلي هاد لبلاصة هيا غير تابعة تاع جزيرة (جبال كبيرة ،ساكنين فيها ناس،خضرة و فيها بزاف لما و ثقافات ) بين لبحر لبيض لمتوسط و لموحيط لأطلنطي من جيهة و [[صحرا]] من جيهة واحداخرا .وفان تسمية تاع دزاير آلجي و لمعنى تاع جزيرة جات من ليدي بلي هيا جزيرة من لجزر لي كاينين بزاف كبار،[[لماغرب]] لكبير ولا لجزر تاع كوشون علا حساب ليدريسي و ماشي لجزر لي جايين قبالة للاڤيل ،لي تتلاقا معا نطق تاع دزاير /دزيري/دزيريون تاع زيري بلقبايلية و جزيرة بلعربية. منبعد،ڨال بلي :«علا حساب [[اسماعيل مجبر]] ،دزاير هيا تاع [[بولوغين بنزيري]] لي عطالها لاسم تاع زيري في جاه بباه ».دزاير جاية من لأنتروبونيم زيري لي تعني ضو تاع لقمر بلقبايلية . في نهاية لازم نڨولوبلي [[الباكري]] معا لويس ماص لاتري ،في قرون بلمسافة،يڨول بلي لسكان تاع دزاير و دوك لجوايه كانو ڨاع [[بربر]] (في لقرون لوسوطا ،هاذي لهدرة ترجعنا بلي كانو ڨاع يهدر لبربريةفي داك لوقت ). <br /> == جيوغرافي == <br /> [[File:La baie d'Alger vue du ciel (2004).jpg|thumb|Alger ciel]] ===لوكاليزاسيو=== {{الجي}} عاصما جايا في الجيغواز جايا في شمال نتع لدزاير ===توبوغرافي=== لصوالح لي كاينين في لدزاير ===لتبوغرافي=== نتع لكوتي ألجيغواز فيها و تتميز بالشط نتاعها لي طويل قاوي فيه كثر من 300 مترا،و فيها فاني سيري نتاع لي ڤاغدين جايا واح فوڤ واحدا.كيما لسكالي سي مارش تنقطع لاكونتينوتي نتع لي ݕونت و دايمن تخي غابيد .لي جايا في لحاشيا نتاع لشط تع لدزاير. ===هيدغوڤرافي=== مناه تتكون لدزاير ===جيولوجي=== و ===ليغولياف===لجبال،تضاريس،لوطا. لقرايا جيولوجيا نتاع لبلاد ألجيغواز،كبيرا و عريضا و فيها سيغفاس و ليغوشي،كاين في لبحر،ولي غيڤياغ جايين موراها مغطيين بكوغدو نتع رملا و فوڤها كاين نلقاو لارض طريا نتع طين و سيري توغتاغ. في وحد لتخطيط جيولوجي و ===توبوڤرافيك=== نتاع لشط نتع ألجي في عام 1911 لقاو بلي هذي لشطوطا ليتوغال فيه،يتوشي ايسونسيالمو ڤع لاغيجيو تحتانيا لي ترڤب على كثر من 100 كيلو علا طول لأطلس،فيهاجبولا نتع سيدي فرج من شمال نتع ثنيا لي جاي في بني عايشا،حتى جبل شنوا جاي في لغرب نتاع تيبازا تضاريس لوطا نتع لبلاد فيها بلايس ملاح و طوال لي هما لساحل،لشط و متيجا . ===لكليما=== <gallery> [[File:Montagne de chréa.jpg|thumb|جبال شريعة]] {{ألجي}} فيها كليما دايرا كيما نتع لبحر لمتوسط21 22 و معروفا بلي دايمن فيها لسخانا،ولجفات يابسا،لنهورا تاعها فيها فيهم لما حلو و رطب23،لثلج مين ذاك يطيح فيها قليل بصح ماهوش اميوسيبل،لشتا نو تطيح غازرا قاوي،حتى خطرات تدير لفاياضانات لحملا،ولكليما جينيغالمو سخونا كاين لسخانا قاوي،سوغتو في جويليا و اوت ===أخطار طبيعية=== {{ألجي}} بلاصا تصرا فيها {{لزلزلا}} بزاف،لارض تاعها {{تنفلق}} و سونسيبل بزاف كيما في (خيرلدين،زموري،بليدا،شنوا،ثنيا،ساحل)25 {{لزلزلا}} تاليا لي صرات في {{03 فيفري 1716}} و قتلت كثر من 20000 بنادم وبليزياغ كارتي توشاو و خسروا من لزلزلا نتاع بومرداس في 2003 (في زموري) لسبا نتاع هذي لستياسيو جيوغرافيك،ألجي مسلط عليها قاوي لغيسك نتاع لحملا،لقيباش لارض تاعها لما مايريتيش فيها لاقيباش لارض نتاعها جايا هابطا و فيها و لجبال تاعها عاليين و فيها بلايص عاليين و ليكاغتي جايين في لتحت هذا ريسك مسلط علا بليزياغكارتي فاكتوغ متساميين،حتى عيططا سكاني عاودو بناوهم ڤع من لول في {{10 نوفمبر 2001}} لشتا غازرا طاحت حتى في ألجي رجعت ڤع لبنيان معمر بلوسخ و لطبال،هذي لكارتا قتلت كثر من 700 بنادم،لكثر تاعهم من باب لواد،لكارطيات و لبنيان ڤع طاحو و رابو27 ===لبنيا لتحتانيا تع طريق=== <gallery> [[File:Alger Chevaley.JPG|thumb|Alger Chevaley]]{{ألجي}} تغافاغسي بلوطوروت ،شرق-غرب 20 كيلو في لغرب فيها لي روكاغ لي هما: -روكاغد غرب لدزاير. -دوزيام غوكاغد في غرب دزاير. -فوكاغد في شمال نتع لدزاير. == احتلال نتاع فرانسا == [[File:Bombardement d'Alger - 1830.jpg|thumb|تفجير دزاير1830]] في [[1830Wp/arq/|1830]] ،بعد 3 سنين نتاع لحصار،لمالك [[Wp/arq/شارل لعاشر|شارل لعاشر]] دار سبا بخلاف تيجاري بين [[Wp/arq/فرانسا|فرانسا]] و [[لا ريجنص نتاع دزاير]] باش يبعث واحد مكومندي من عند جنيرال [[Wp/arq/بورمون|بورمون]]،[[وزير نتاع لحرب]]،هاذا شي علا جال باه يدي [[حكم لمدينا]] للي طاحت في [[5 تموز 1830]]،ثلث سمانات [[بعد كي حطو]] في [[سيدي فرج]] جايا علا 30 كيلوماتر علا لغرب.معروفا كيما سامبل [[جما عسكريا]] معاقبا في لوريجين ،لحتلال نتاع فرانسا راح يزيد مدت كثر من 130 عام ، مركا بلعمق لا سيتي للي عندها 30000 ساكن في هاذي لمدا. لمدينا ،تبنات في مسرح علا روشي وين لحدرا مدورا من جيهت شرق، ممدودا ،في منطفا بين طرقان نتاع ذاروك بن غانيف،شارع حقداد، [[لقصبا]] (لا سيتادال)و لبور ،3200 ماتر نتاع سور معا خمس بيبان( باب لواد،باب عزون ،باب دزاير،باب لبحر، باب جديد ) للي تغلق وحد 12200 دار بعلا مختالف كامل عندهم ساحة كبيرا ،103 جامع،عشر [[كنيسات]]،7 كازيرنات كبار نتاع [[انكشاريين]] ،150 عين و 60 قهوا مغربيا. ضواحي عندهم لجبل معا فيلات شابين جايين قي كادر نتاع لخضار وجاردات كبار للي تعجب لاوروبيين.مدينا عاليا ،جبل، عندهم لمدينا نتاع صح معا جوامع نتاعها ،[[زوايا نتاعها ، وطرقانها ضييقيين. ماغد نتاع لحتلال ،لمدينا ولات هيا لكابيتال نتاع لمستعمرا جديدا نتاع دزاير ،وين لمهما نتاع لحكوما و لمجليس نتاع لبلديا نقامو من عند بورمون ،قعد في بلاصا لولا في لوتال باكري (ليوم « قصر دار خداوج عاميا»)،طريق صوسجماح ،يعوض لادارا نتاع تركيا. هاذا لمجليس للي متكون من سبع مغاربا و زوج اسرائليين كان مرؤوس بمغرابي متزوج بفرانساويا ،احمد بودرباح ،للي،قبل 1830 ،عاش مثل تاجر في [[مارساي]] .هوا للي معا [[حمدان خوجا]] ،تفاوضو لستسلام نتاع لمدينا حذا [[داي]] حسن .ام.بريجيار،نايب مشريف عسكري،خدم كيما لكوميسار نتاع لمالك حذا لبلاديا للي عطاهالو في لمهيما نتاعو. احتلال نتاع فرانسا بدا يحقر سكان لصليين ،للي كانو في [[ساحل دزيري]] ،منبعد تطور وين يسكنو جبرهم باش يعيشو في بيع لخدما نتاعهم للمستعمرا للي حذاه. من وقت [[1848]]،دزاير ولات سياج نتاع محافطا [[لنفس لسم نتاع لقسم]] ،تسمح ثان تطور سريع، بفضل لمجي نتاع لمهاجرين لاوروبيين وقت نص زاوج نتاع [[لقرن XIX]] بضبط دوريجين فرانساويا ولا لبحر لمتوسط (سبانيوليين و ليطاليين) ،بصح تعداد سكان لمحليين متمركز فلقصبا طريق [[توديفيكاسيون]]. [[File:Alger 1830.jpg|thumb|دزاير 1830]] علاجال يشوفو لمدينا ،زوج مراجع تعرص لمستعمرات : يا يحتلو سكاني لخاصا بلمغاربا ، وبلموالفا نتاع لارشيتكتير نتاعها ، ولا هاذي يهدمو وحدين باش يبنو طرقان معبدا و بلايص تقدر تخدم لكامل لجماعا و لمارشيات. تضاريس نتاع لمدينا واعرا في لجيها لغربيا،ماتعرض غير منطقا هابطا محوما في لجيها شرقيا ،وجايا حذا لبحر تقدر،علا جال مساميا نتاع لبور،عندها نفع قتصادي كبير.ثاني،هيا في هاذي لمنطقا تاليا للي وللا عندها تحول كبير. بدينا بوحد تهدام بين باب عزون ولامارين،ثاني في طريق سوق باش تسمح لشاريو تدور كيما تحب.نكملو متراسيا نتاع طرقان« باب عزون »،« باب لواد »،و « دو لا ماغين » للي كانو منقبل وساعات سامبل.بنسبا لزوج لولانيين ،نبنو طرقان لقنطرة ونعتامدو نأسو معارض، بطريقا نحاربو ضد لاشعا نتاع شمس .ثان نفتحو زوج طرقان لوخرين مصما:هوما « دو شاغتخ » و « دي كونسيل »،باش يديرو تصال بين بواب شمال وجنوب ،في حالت ما طرقان باب عزون وباب لواد ولاو مخربين مش صالحين للخدما. من عام 1840،لمدينا خرجت نيهايات تحصينات عثمانيا ومنطقيات نتاع دفاع، [[لجيني]] جاب عام 1840 بروجي نتاع جميع تحصينات لمطورا.لارشيتاكت [[بيار اوجيست غيوشا]] كتب في 1845 شيما جينيرال نتاع شبكت لواصلات وصف متعلق بسطوح لبني من داخل نتاع لمدينا ،قصر لحاكم،مسرح،قصر لعدالا ،اوتال نتاع بوسطا وتريزور،الخ.في حسن تحولات غالبا لبحر وتتوقع سنسلا نتاع فتحات عريضا مديورا باه تسهل ربط بين كارتيات جدد نتاع شمال و لجنوب نتاع لمدينا. هاذا لمخطط للي خرج في 1848 منعند دولاروش، دار حدورات ودرج مخصين باه يعاودو يربطو طرقان بلمدينا،وحد 15 ماتر عاليا كثر ،كيف كيف لوصلات معا « بلاصت لحكوما » في لجنوب. بمرحالات ناجحا هاذي لفكرا كملت، في 1860،بمخطط نتاع [[شاسيغيو]]،ارشيتاكت نتاع لمدينا ،للي رسم كامل نتاع لبنيا داعما شارع و وصلات بين طرقان ولمدينا. بدا سم نتاع شارع نتاع لمبراطوريا شرف نتاع [[أوجني دو مونتيجور]] مرت [[نابليون ثالث]] للي دشناتو في 1865(قبل ما يكمل)،ولستقبال ،معا لوفت ،باطيمات مهيما عاما,[[محافظا]] ،قصر لمجاليس ،كازينو، [[لوتال لمدينا]]، [[ليسي كبير نتاع دزاير]](ليسي لمستقبل بيجود)،الخ. فرانساويين يسكنو بضبط في ضواحي،في سكاني وين كاين طول لسوار،كيما لكارتي شعبي نتاع [[باب لواد]] في لجنوب،حيث نتبعوه اوروبا نتاع مدينت لمسلمين,نظمت بنيان مغاربا يظهر هوا بروجرام لمخير نتاع لا سيتي .ثاني ،من[[1839]]،منطقا لهابطا نتاع لمدينا رايحا تختفي تخريبات و مصادرات تساهم باه تعطي وخد لجانب جديد في هاذا لكارتي. لهجرا لؤوروبيا مهما. كامل لجدد لجايين بداو قبل بحتلال سكاني لمغاربا للي تحولو باش يتجاوبو معا لمطلبات لجديدا . هاذو ولاو بلخف سكاني ماهومش ملاح للصحا و مش مستهويين مليح. في وقت فواياج نتاعو، نابليون ثالث دار ؤنكات بارصونال علا جال باش يحبس تهدام نتاع لمدينا لقديما. رابور قال بلي لمدينا لعاليا لازم تبقا كيما راهي .نبداو نشوفو بلي صعيبا باش نديرو مدينا ؤروبيا علا مدينا مسلما . لوقت برك هوا للي غاد يبدل لجانب نتاع لا سيتي. [[File:Algiers CNE-v1-p58-J.jpg|thumb|Algiers CNE-v1-p58-J]] ثاني، لكارتيات نتاع دزاير تشبه وحد شويا لكارتيات نتاع باري ، تستاهل [[لخدما نناع عثمانيين]] ، معا مكانات لازما للناس ( جاردات ، كنيسات ، بلديات ، ليكولات ). لفيلات لقديما شابا للعثمانيين للي داوها ، مديورا كيما ديار زواجا من عند لافاميات لكبيرا فرانساويا. احتلال دار دزاير مدينا لا ماجوريتي نتاعها ؤروبيا، هاذا برغم من سكان كسلمين [[لصليين]] بداو يزيدو بوحد طريقا عجيبا من [[لحرب لعالميا لولا]] ، بسبت [[لولادا طبعيا]] نتاع [[لهربا من ريف]]. من [[1903 ، ادارا نتاع فرانسا دوموندات احترام نتاع ثقافا لصليا ، ثان ستيل [[نيو-مغاربي]] زاد (كيما : [[بوسطا لكبيرا نتاع دزاير ) شبوب نتاع لمدينا زاد في [[لعوام نتاع 1830]] ( ذكرا لميا نتاع لحتلال نتاع جزاير ). هيا وسيلا باه نبرو لحتلال و نبينو نجاح نتاعو . علا جال هكذا ، نبنو متاحف ([[متحف نتاع لفونون شابا نتاع دزاير]] ) ، جاردات ([[جاردا نتاع عيسي]] )، مكانات فنيا ( [[فيلا عبد لطيف]] ، معا ارتيستات نتاوعها نتاع لكونكور ). ترونسبورات مطورا ندارو .ثاني ، في [[1892]] أ [[سكا نتاع تران]] بانت بلبني نتاع رفاقا نتاع [[سكك علا طرقان لجزاير]] (س ح ط ج )، وين لبارتي نتاع ريزو مصونطريا في دزاير . عندها ليني يقطع لمدينا ب بولفار طويل للبور . نفس لعام ، [[لجمعيا نتاع طراموايات جزايريا]] (ط ج ) ندارت باش يديرو ﻻيزو مدني صحيح في دزتير .ليني طويلا تبنات ، برالال لمتاع (س ح ط ج )، بصح في داخل نتاع لمدينا. نكملو لا ليني نتاع [[طرامواي]] ، ليني جديدا نتاع [[طروليبيس]] مديور للخدما. == حرب لعالميا زاوجا == {{مقالات موسعا: [[حرب زاوجا لعالميا]] و [[عمليت تورش]] [[File:World war two algiers luftwaffe raid french algeria 1943.JPEG|thumb|World war two algiers luftwaffe raid french algeria 1943]]وقت لحرب لعالميا زاوجا ، لافريك نتاع شمال فرانساوي، وين دزاير ، بقات تحت طاعا نناع متروبول ،امالا تنحسب حتا جوان 1940 نتاع لحكوما نتاع فيشي. 8 نوفمبر 1942 برك دزاير شافت لحط لقوات ، في كادر نتاع لوبيراسين نتاع مقاوما نتاع اومبلوغ كبير 400 كومباتون ، وين كاين ليهود بزاف في دزاير ، يحتلو نقاطي مهما ستراتيجيا نتاع مدينا == لكارتيات نتاع دزاير == [[File:Bab el Oued 114.jpg|thumb|باب لواد 114]] [[File:Alger Grande-Poste IMG 0862.JPG|thumb|دزاير لبريد لكبير 0862]] {{لقصبة}} (لكصبة "لقلعة »لارونديسمو لولاني نتاع دزاير:يسموعا دزاير لمحروصة (الجي لا بيان ڨٳرڊ ) تبنات علا لخراب نتاع لوكوزيوم لقديمة للي هيا فيل صغيرا للي تبنات علا تلا واصلة حتا للبحر مقسوما علا زوج :لفيل لعالية و لفيل لهابطة .نصيبو فيها ديار و جوامع {{ملقرن 17:جامع كتشاوا}}(للي بناه داي بابا حسن في 1794)داير بيه زوج صومعات ،جامع لجديد(في1660 في وقت ريجنس تركيا) مع لقبا لمدورا للي مكملا بحد وربع قبب،جامع لكبير(لقديم قاع فيهم بناه {{لمرابط يوسف بن تاشفين}} ومنبعد عاود تبنا في1794 )جامع علي بن تشنين(رايس،1623)،{{دار عزيزا}} قصر جنينة.لقصبا،هيا ثاني متاهات طرقان وبيوت شابين واذا تودرنا فيها يخصنا برك نعاودو نهبطو للبحر باه نبدلو لبوزيصيو. {{دزاير صونتر}} شارع. {{مراد ديدوش}}(شارع ميشلي) هي لاغونديسمو ثالثا نتاع دزاير.جايا من لا بوصت لكبيراحتى لقصر شعب(لقصر لقديم نتاع صيف)تفوت علا بلاصا يسموها اودا لجاميعا نتاع دزاير و{{لقلب SACRE}} ولبارك نتاع لحريا(غالان)في واحد لباختي منهاكاين مقازات ودي غوستوغو شيك. {{فخوندماغ}}: من 1840 لي زاغشتاكت بياغ اوقست فيوشا و{{شارل فردريك شو صغيو}} دارو بنيان جديد خارج لقصبالوتال نتاع لا فيل وقصر لعدالا،باطيمات،مسرح،قصر لمحافظ وكزنو. .. باه يشكلو منظر شباب في زناقي تاوعها {{باب لواد}}: كارطي شعبي جاي فلقصبا لي يسموه بلفرنسي :لا بوخت دو لا غيفياغ كان فلول كارتي نتاع شعب اوربي هدا قبل 1962 مشهور بواحد لبلاصا فيه يسموها"les trois horlog" وناني بواحد لمارشي قديم يسموه "مارشي تخيولي"داتها لفيظانات لمشهورا لي صرات ف2001 وتاني بلفنانين تاوعو من كل جنس;باب لواد تاني يعتابوهم من بين لاقطاعات نتاع اف ال اس هو تاني كارتي نتاع مصانع وورشات. {{بلوزداد}}:كارتي شعبي جاي فشرق،يتقاطع مع شارع محمد بلوزداد(شارع ليون)وين لكاتب الباغ كاميس عاش شوية من حياتو. {{بير خادم}}:بلدية جايا فضاحيا لقريبا في جنوب دزاير،قريب 10 كيلوماتر فجنوب دزهير سونتر فيل.لبلديا نتاع بير خادم تتلاقا معا عرض الجي-بليدة،كاين لا قار في عين نعجة وتاني لاقار routiere.فيها بزاف مؤسسات كيما ليكولات بخيماغ،دي كولاج وزوج نتاع ليسيات .وكاين فيها مكتبا دايرينها على جال لي زتيديو.بير خادم ولات بلديا معمرا بلي زيقزاغسيس بقانون وضعي لي ندار نهار 31 ديسمبر 1856. {{كوبا}}:(دايرا نتاع حسين داي):كوبا هي قريا قديما لي ما كانتش باينا خاطر كانت داخلا كامل فلمتداد نتاع لا فيل دالجي.كوبا طورت بلخف في وقت نتاع فرنسا.مبعد بفضل لينفجارديمغرافي لي عرفاتو دزاير مور ليستقلال في 1962. {{لحراش}}كانو يسموها بكري ميزو كاري)على حساب لاسم نتاع لواد لي يتلاقا مع هدا لكارتي.لبلاصانتاع هدا لولد لي يصب منها لما لعبت دور كبيرفلا بخيز نتاع دزاير ونتاع بونو.هدا روشي جاي اونفاص لالجي لي مستغلينو لي سبانيول.بلمثل في لول نتاع لقرن 16 لابال نتاع واحد الجيغوا لي كان يشوف بلي بونو ضيعت سلطتهاقدام لي زيسبانيول واجد من لخاوا بربروس خزن لفلوكا نتاعو قبل مت يدو دزاير علا غفلا فلكوتي جنوب شرق هذا لكاغتي نتاع لدزاير كانو يسموه لي فرونسي ميزو كاغي لي كان فيها بلاصا صباعيه و في وقت لاحتلال كانو فان يسموها لا ميزو كاغي نتع حسين داي لاستقلال نتاع ليزيزبانيول لبونو (كانو يسموها بكري ميزو كاري)على حساب لاسم نتاع لواد لي يتلاقا مع هدا لكارتي.لبلاصانتاع هدا لولد لي يصب منها لما لعبت دور كبيرفلا بخيز نتاع دزاير ونتاع بونو.هدا روشي جاي اونفاص لالجي لي مستغلينو لي سبانيول.بلمثل في لول نتاع لقرن 16 لابال نتاع واحد الجيغوا لي كان يشوف بلي بونو ضيعت سلطتهاقدام لي زيسبانيول واجد من لخاوا بربروس خزن لفلوكا نتاعو قبل مت يدو دزاير علا غفلا فلكوتي جنوب شرق هذا لكاغتي نتاع لدزاير كانو يسموه لي فرونسي ميزو كاغي لي كان فيها بلاصا صباعيه و في وقت لاحتلال كانو فان يسموها لا ميزو كاغي نتع حسين داي لاستقلال نتاع ليزيزبانيول لبونو واحد من الخاوة برباروس وين كان الاسطول نتاعو قبل مايستولا على دزاير من لكوتي جنوب شرق هذا لكارتي لكانو يسموه لفرونسي ميزون كاري ليكانت بلاصة اندو ستخيال وحتي في وقت الاستقلال بقاو يسموها ميزو كاغي الحسين داي دار دزيل ستيلايت نتاع الجي وين الدزيرين ولفرونسي قليل ماسكنو فيها كانت فصل لسكان هذي لافيل كانت كارتي يسكنو فيه طبقة نتاع القور المرفهين ، وكانت محجر لدزيرين لكومين نتاع الحراش انزادت لدزاير . الحراس ثاني كتبت قصة كبيرا مع السبور مورا الاستقلال كيما البوكس والفوت بول ومعد بشوية ولات كارتي نتاع دزاير وشاف ليو نتاعها ودارو فيها تقسيم جديد نتاع الكارتيات كيما الحمادية ( لاقيارج ) ومنبعد بيلفور ، البارك ، واد السمار === حيدرا لبيار بن عكنون دالي براهيم بوزريعة === لي كانو يسموهم لزوتوغ دالجي هذيالبلاديات معروفين بلي شيك يأتيرو لسافرات لاجنبية تاع دزاير وبزاف وزرات وجامعات ليشكلو بلاصة بولتيك وأدمنيستخاتيف . واحد من الخاوة برباروس وين كان الاسطول نتاعو قبل مايستولا على دزاير من لكوتي جنوب شرق هذا لكارتي لكانو يسموه لفرونسي ميزون كاري ليكانت بلاصة اندو ستخيال وحتي في وقت الاستقلال بقاو يسموها ميزو كاغي الحسين داي دار دزيل ستيلايت نتاع الجي وين الدزيرين ولفرونسي قليل ماسكنو فيها كانت فصل لسكان هذي لافيل كانت كارتي يسكنو فيه طبقة نتاع القور المرفهين ، وكانت محجر لدزيرين لكومين نتاع الحراش انزادت لدزاير . الحراس ثاني كتبت قصة كبيرا مع السبور مورا الاستقلال كيما البوكس والفوت بول ومعد بشوية ولات كارتي نتاع دزاير وشاف ليو نتاعها ودارو فيها تقسيم جديد نتاع الكارتيات كيما الحمادية ( لاقيارج ) ومنبعد بيلفور ، البارك ، واد السمار === حيدرا لبيار بن عكنون دالي براهيم بوزريعة === لي كانو يسموهم لزوتوغ دالجي هذي لبلاديات معروفين بلي شيك يأتيرو لسافرات لاجنبية تاع دزاير وبزاف وزرات وجامعات ليشكلو بلاصة بولتيك وأدمنيستخاتيف . [[File:Alger-Belcourt-front-de-mer.jpg|thumb|دزاير بلكور]] [[File:Djnen 'Abdeltif - Hamma Alger.JPG|thumb|جنان عبد لطيف لحامة دزاير ]] [[File:Alger-Gouvernement-General.jpg|thumb|دزاير لحكومة لعامة]] [[File:Bab el Oued 114.jpg|thumb|Bab el Oued 114]] [[File:Alger 1967 1977 1985.png|thumb|دزاير 1967 1977 1985]] [[File:Alger-rue-Bab-Azoun.jpg|thumb|دزاير طريق باب زوار]] [[File:Alger-Belcourt-front-de-mer.jpg|thumb|Alger-Belcourt-front-de-mer]] [[File:Alger-port-said-nuit.jpg|thumb|Alger-port-said-nuit]] [[File:Emir abdelkader1.jpg|thumb|لامير عبد لقادر]] بارك و جاغدا: جاغدا ديسي (لحاما)جايا فشرق نتاع دزايز فيها 32 هكتار نلقاو فيها دي بلانت حديقة لحريا لي بناه لمير لقديم نتاع دزايرشارل دو قالو فل1915 [[Category:Wp/arq]] s9ecvy7srnebfk6bj2yhbe3mp5zkkbb 0 130449 6707358 5660609 2025-07-11T08:20:07Z EditorFX 2607622 6707358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/qug/Taxobox | name = Tutapishku | status = LC | status_ref =<ref name=iucn>Mantilla, H., Molinari, J., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Álvarez Castañeda, S.T., Cuarón, A.D. & de Grammont. P.C. 2008. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/1567/0 Anoura geoffroyi]; IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2010.</ref> |image=Intro wide polls intro vertebrate species 3.jpg | regnum = [[Wp/qug/Animalia|Animalia]] | phylum = [[Wp/qug/Chordata|Chordata]] | classis = [[Wp/qug/Mammalia|Mammalia]] | ordo = [[Wp/qug/Chiroptera|Chiroptera]] | familia = [[Wp/qug/Phyllostomidae|Phyllostomidae]] | subfamilia = [[Wp/qug/Glossophaginae|Glossophaginae]] | genus = [[Wp/qug/Anoura|Anoura]] | species = '''A. geoffroyi''' | binomial = ''Anoura geoffroyi'' | binomial_authority = [[Wp/qug/John Edward Gray|Gray]], [[Wp/qug/1838|1838]]<ref>Gray, J.E. 1838. ''Magazine Zool. Bot.' 2: 490.</ref> | synonyms = ''A. antricola''<br>''A. apolinari''<br>''A. lasiopyga''<br>''A. peruana'' }} '''Tutapishku'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721042631/http://www.descubreorellana.com/fileadmin/Flash/puertomirandafinal.pdf www.descubreorellana.com] (PDF) Kichwa: Tutapishku: ''Anoura geoffroyi''</ref> ''(Anoura geoffroyi)'' nishkaka shuk [[Wp/qug/Ñuñuyuk wiwa|ñuñuyuk wiwa]]mi kan, [[Wp/qug/Abya Yala|Abya Yala]]pi kawsak. Payka [[Wp/qug/Antisuyu|Antisuyu]]pi kawan. == Pukyukuna == <references /> == Hawa tinkikina == {{Wp/qug/Commonscat|Phyllostomidae|Phyllostomidae}} Kay tutapishkuka sacha sachayuk pawaymi, tukuy puncha maskashpa. [[Category:Wp/qug]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Ñuñuyuk wiwa]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Bolivia mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Brasil mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Colombia mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Ecuador mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Hinduras mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] [[Category:Wp/qug/México mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] [[Category:Wp/qug/Surinam mamallaktapa wiwakamay]] {{INTERWIKI|Q83592}} hb03va7ox9f3slxzggnkdj5al7knz5x 0 640753 6706882 1625709 2025-07-10T16:22:43Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6706882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wq/tly/Əsosə səhifə}} {{Template:Wq/tly/Tojə məğalə okə}} {{Template:Wq/tly/Çı Vikistot ambo əledə loon}} {{Wq/tly/Wp/tly/Vikistot co zıvononədə}} {{Wq/tly/Wp/tly/Talysh_symbol}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wq/tly]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5926}} </noinclude> mcwcl7b05vlygtmfwtyc7ua977svv0p 6706883 6706882 2025-07-10T16:23:32Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6706883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wq/tly/Əsosə səhifə}} {{Template:Wq/tly/Tojə məğalə okə}} {{Template:Wq/tly/Çı Vikistot ambo əledə loon}} {{Wq/tly/Vikistot co zıvononədə}} {{Wq/tly/Talysh_symbol}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wq/tly]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5926}} </noinclude> lp6n8h00cdkto8t3kyktim4rzf68x28 6706884 6706883 2025-07-10T16:23:51Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6706884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wq/tly/Əsosə səhifə}} {{Wq/tly/Tojə məğalə okə}} {{Wq/tly/Çı Vikistot ambo əledə loon}} {{Wq/tly/Vikistot co zıvononədə}} {{Wq/tly/Talysh_symbol}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wq/tly]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5926}} </noinclude> 57yomqz1dwx509qzkxj1ahb0swfcldu 0 1183305 6707359 2087240 2025-07-11T08:22:35Z EditorFX 2607622 6707359 wikitext text/x-wiki <p style="line-height:220%"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[[Wt/pam/a|A]] [[Wt/pam/b|B]] [[Wt/pam/c|C]] [[Wt/pam/d|D]] [[Wt/pam/e|E]] [[Wt/pam/f|F]] [[Wt/pam/g|G]] [[Wt/pam/h|H]] [[Wt/pam/i|I]] [[Wt/pam/j|J]] [[Wt/pam/k|K]] [[Wt/pam/l|L]] [[Wt/pam/m|M]] [[Wt/pam/n|N]] [[Wt/pam/o|O]] [[Wt/pam/p|P]] [[Wt/pam/q|Q]] [[Wt/pam/r|R]] [[Wt/pam/s|S]] [[Wt/pam/t|T]] [[Wt/pam/u|U]] [[Wt/pam/v|V]] [[Wt/pam/w|W]] [[Wt/pam/x|X]] [[Wt/pam/y|Y]] [[Wt/pam/z|Z]]</span></p> <inputbox> type=search2 buttonlabel=Look up break=no </inputbox> ==[[Image:Flag of Philippines.svg|30px]] Kapampangan== ===Palagyu (Noun)=== [[Wt/pam/ampon|ampon]] <ref name="Kapampangan-English-Pilipino Dictionary ">[http://www.oocities.org/athens/academy/4059/dictionk.html],Kapampangan-English-Pilipino Dictionary</ref> ==== Aliwang Pagkasulat (Alternative forms) ==== *[[Wt/pam/sese|sese]] ==[[Image:Flag of USA.svg|30px]] English== ===Noun=== [[Wt/pam/ampon|ampon]] # meaning translated in English is '''''[[Wt/pam/adopt|adopt]]''''' . ==[[Image:Flag of Philippines.svg|30px]] Tagalog== ===Pangngalan=== [[Wt/pam/ampon|ampon]] # na ibig sabihin sa Tagalog ay '''''[[Wt/pam/ampon|ampon]] ''''' din . == Dalerayan (References)== <references /> [[category:wt/pam]] ==Kapampangan== ===Palagyu (Noun)=== '''ampon''' # anak a tanggap a e makaugne king dugung pamilya, nung e tanggap a anak. ===Aliwang Pagkasulat=== * sese ==English== ===Noun=== '''ampon''' # the meaning translated in English is ''adopt''. ==Tagalog== ===Pangngalan=== '''ampon''' # na ibig sabihin sa Tagalog ay '''ampon''' din. ==Dalerayan (References)== * Kapampangan-English-Pilipino Dictionary jqaqzt0w918df6kqghmypie3l208flx 0 2543169 6707373 3472896 2025-07-11T08:34:13Z EditorFX 2607622 6707373 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Waray== ===Mga alternatibo nga porma=== ===Etimolohiya=== ===Kaluwas=== # #* [[category:Wt/war]] ===Pagluwas nga pulong=== * luwas – to save * talwas – safe * katalwasan – salvation (formal noun) sxsjcx6psbo2zvq1yc63gb6bl9vhdqc 0 2543837 6707362 3473586 2025-07-11T08:26:05Z EditorFX 2607622 6707362 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Waray== ===Mga alternatibo nga porma=== ===Etimolohiya=== ===Kaluwas=== # #* [[category:Wt/war]] ===Mga sinonymo=== * katalwasan * pagluwas 20v9e3lbf0f5l96ywmxutcl7tctx7u6 6707363 6707362 2025-07-11T08:26:17Z EditorFX 2607622 6707363 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Waray== ===Mga alternatibo nga porma=== ===Etimolohiya=== ===Kaluwas=== # #* [[category:Wt/war]] ===Mga sinonymo=== * katalwasan * pagluwas ===Mga kahulogan ha Ingles=== * salvation * rescue * deliverance iiev1ieakf9vzqpecudqb4lj33eo4pp 6707364 6707363 2025-07-11T08:26:31Z EditorFX 2607622 6707364 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Waray== ===Mga alternatibo nga porma=== ===Etimolohiya=== ===Kaluwas=== # #* [[category:Wt/war]] ===Mga sinonymo=== * katalwasan * pagluwas ===Mga kahulogan ha Ingles=== * salvation * rescue * deliverance ===Mga deribatibo=== * makaluwas (able to save) * pagkaluwas (act of saving) g30lixsi87xzp6coz7b3rlmsehsofup 0 2834372 6707191 6663746 2025-07-10T20:50:12Z Faster than Thunder 2570590 Added cuisine info 6707191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ரீயூனியன்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்கா|ஆபிரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== * '''செயிண்ட்-டெனிஸ்''': ரீயூனியன் நாட்டின் தலைநகரமும் மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ரீயூனியனீஸ் உணவு வகைகள் பிரெஞ்சு, இந்திய, சீன மற்றும் ஆப்பிரிக்க உணவு வகைகள் வகைகளின் தாக்கங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளன. ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] 6wbr53h109vdvw38gdcxrlmh30hog64 0 2834373 6707192 6695707 2025-07-10T20:52:25Z Faster than Thunder 2570590 Correct section 6707192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Test|Anna Maria Island WV Banner.jpg|caption=Holmes Beach}} '''ருவாண்டா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்கா|ஆபிரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== * '''ருவாண்டாவின் இனவியல் அருங்காட்சியகம்''': ருவாண்டாவின் கலாச்சார வரலாற்றைக் காட்டுகிறது ==சாப்பிட== '''பிறோஷேட்கள்''' (கேபாப்கள்) ருவாண்டா முழுவதும் காணப்படுகின்றன. ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] ilvbvvlkzihfwnmot5r2d6nxyh00q79 0 3100079 6707229 6692483 2025-07-10T23:09:36Z Absudar 2108561 6707229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WhiteMonasteryViewToEast.jpg|thumb|289x289px|Ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲙⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲓⲤⲉⲩϩⲁⲓ.]] '''Ⲡⲓⲥⲉⲩϩⲁⲓ''' ⲟⲩⲑⲱϣ ⲛ̀[[Wp/cop/Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] ⲡⲉ. Ϯⲙⲏⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ [[Wp/cop/ⲃⲟⲙⲡⲁϩⲟ|ⲡⲓⲤⲉⲩϩⲁⲓ]]. == Ϩⲁⲛⲕⲁϩⲓ == * '''Ⲡϩⲟⲓ ⲛ̀Ⲕⲱⲗⲑⲉ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|ساقلتة}}) ** Ⲑⲙⲟⲩⲓ Ⲡⲟϩⲉ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|جزيرة البوحة}}) ** Ⲡⲥⲩⲙⲃⲉⲗϫ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|سفلاق}}) ** Ⲫⲃⲱⲟⲩ Ⲧϫⲉⲗⲓ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|فاوجلي}}) ** Ⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲱⲛ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|عربان بني واصل}}) ** Ⲃⲏⲭⲣⲉ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|العواميه‎}}) ** Ϩⲁϫⲱⲟⲩⲣⲓ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|الرباينة بالحاجر}}, ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ: Ϩⲁϭⲟⲟⲩⲣⲉ) ** Ⲧⲥⲏ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|الصوامعه}}) * '''Ϣⲙⲓⲛ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|أخميم}}) ** Ⲑⲙⲟⲱ̀ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|العيساوية شرق}}) ** Ⲫⲃⲁⲣⲱⲧ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|أبار الملك}}ا ** Ⲧⲁⲡϣⲱ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|آبار الوقف}}) ** Ⲕⲁⲗⲁⲙⲓⲛⲏ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|نجع علي الغفير}}) ** Ⲑⲙⲟⲩⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲉϩⲏⲟⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|جزيرة محروس}}) * '''Ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲩⲃⲓⲁⲛⲏ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|البلينا}}) ** Ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲏⲥ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|برديس}}) ** Ⲁ̀ⲃⲱⲧ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|برديس}}) ** Ⲡⲉⲣϣⲏⲗ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|برديس}}) * '''Ⲧⲁⲗⲙⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|المراغة}}) ** Ⲡⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|باصونة}}, ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ: ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ) ** Ϣⲉⲛⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲇ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|شندويل}}) ** Ⲡⲗⲉⲩⲓⲧ ⲓⲉⲠⲁⲛⲁⲩⲓⲧ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بناويط}}) ** Ⲥⲁⲙⲁⲭⲏⲣ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بني هلال}}) ** Ⲡϩⲑⲟ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بهتة}}) ** Ⲡⲁϫⲉⲣϫⲏ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|الغريزات}}) * '''Ⲯⲟⲓ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|المنشاة}}) ** Ⲑⲙⲱⲛⲏ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲛ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|أولاد جبارة}}) ** Ⲙⲟⲩⲛϫⲟⲩϫ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|منجوج}}) * '''Ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲣⲟⲧ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|العسيرات}}) * '''Ⲧⲟⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ϯϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|دارالسلام}}) ** Ⲡⲁⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|البلابيش}}) ** Ⲡⲁⲙⲡⲁⲙⲏⲣ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|الأمبير}}) * '''Ϯϫⲉⲣϫⲏ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|جرجا}}) ** Ⲡⲁⲛⲇⲁⲣⲁⲓ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بندار}}) ** '''Ϣⲕⲏⲗⲱⲟⲩ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|اشكيلوا‎}}) * '''Ϭⲟⲩϩⲏⲓⲛⲉ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|جهينة}}) ** Ⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲃⲓ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|عنيبس}}) * '''Ⲡⲥⲉⲩϩⲁⲓ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|سوهاج}}) ** Ⲡⲥⲁⲗⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲉ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بلصفورة}}) ** Ⲯⲓⲛⲁⲃⲗⲁ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|جزيرة شندويل}}) ** Ϫⲉⲗϥⲁⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|قلفاو}}) ** Ⲡⲁϫⲉ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|باجا}}) ** Ⲡⲓⲁϩⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ Ⲉⲓⲧⲃⲉ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|ونينة الغربية}}) ** Ⲁⲑⲣⲏⲃⲓ ϣⲁⲛⲦⲣⲓⲫⲓⲟⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|ونينة الشرقية}}) ** Ⲧⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|دمنو}}) * '''Ⲧϩⲟⲧⲏ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|طهطا}}) ** Ⲡⲁⲛⲉϩⲏⲟⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بنهو}}) ** Ⲡⲁⲛϫⲟ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|بنجا}}) ** Ⲡϣⲓⲛⲧⲱⲣⲟⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|شطورة}}) * '''Ⲡⲧⲉⲙⲏ''' ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|طما}}) ** Ϫⲕⲱⲟⲩ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|كوم اشقاو}}) ** Ⲙⲏϣⲧⲉ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|مشطا}}) ** Ⲯⲓⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|سلامون}}) ** Ⲡⲓϫⲱⲙ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|الحديقة}}) ** Ⲧⲁⲛⲓϣϫⲓⲧ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|عزبة الصباغ}}) ** Ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ({{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|نجع خروف}}) [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/ⲑⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] p2wml86p4u3wkduhrtmacdsovroksdl 0 3140317 6707322 4754078 2025-07-11T05:40:51Z 1.64.157.117 6707322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg|right|thumb|300px|𖼷𖽑𖽦𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼮𖽨𖾐.]] '''𖼷𖽑𖽦𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼮𖽨𖾐''' 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼄𖽪𖾑 𖼍𖽴𖾑 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽦𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼈𖽝 𖼍𖽕𖾑 𖽂𖽚 𖼍𖽙𖾑，, 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼀𖽦𖾐： “𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼣𖽻𖾐，𖽃𖽙𖾑 𖼄𖽺 𖼊𖽑𖽙 𖽃𖽦𖾐 𖼰𖽧 𖼄𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽺𖾐 𖼀𖽑𖽚𖾐 𖼀𖽑𖽙 𖼀𖽑𖽚𖾐 𖼄𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼠𖽻𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼦𖽳 𖼊𖽚𖾐 𖼖𖽻𖾐．. *1. 𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼍𖽺𖾑 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼍𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽙𖾐，𖼠𖽳𖾐 𖼖𖽪𖾐 𖼺𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼍𖽡𖾐 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐． *2. 𖼽𖽻 𖼄𖽳𖾑 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼀𖽙𖾐 𖼺𖽡𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼹𖽸𖾑 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐，𖼦𖽑𖽔𖾐 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖼄𖽶 𖼠𖽻𖾐、 𖼄𖽡𖾑 𖼐𖽦𖾐、 𖼄𖽡𖾑 𖼐𖽦𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾐 𖼐𖽺𖾐 𖽃𖽔𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽦𖾐 𖼠𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼣𖽻𖾐 𖼳𖽶 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽺𖾑，𖼺𖽡𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼹𖽸𖾑 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐．. 𖼺𖽡𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼍𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽴 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐，𖼽𖽻 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼠𖽙𖾐 𖼳𖽙𖾐 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐． 𖼞𖽪𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐，𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼍𖽺𖾑 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼣𖽻𖾐，𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼊𖽶𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽪 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼐𖽑𖽧𖾐 𖼷𖽚𖾐． 𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼦𖽶𖾑 𖼺𖽪𖾐，𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼽𖽻 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽪𖾑 𖼍𖽧𖾑，𖼽𖽻 𖼀𖽙 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽺𖾑，𖼻𖽙 𖼐𖽺𖾐 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼖𖽡𖾐 𖼹𖽦𖾐 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽻𖾐． 𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼐𖽙𖾑 𖼣𖽜，𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽦𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼳𖽪𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐，𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽜𖾑 𖼷𖽑𖽜𖾐 𖼽𖽻 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼐𖽙𖾑 𖼣𖽜 𖼺𖽺𖾑，𖼍𖽪𖾐 𖼹𖽦𖾐 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽻𖾐． *3. 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼄𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼄𖽔 𖼠𖽕𖾐 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼻𖽜 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐，𖼞𖽪𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼄𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼄𖽔 𖼠𖽕𖾐 𖼻𖽜 𖼺𖽪𖾐，𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼷𖽑𖽜𖾑 𖼷𖽑𖽜𖾐 𖼽𖽻 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽨𖾑 𖼍𖽧𖾑 𖼊𖽻𖾐． *4. 𖼳𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼳𖽪𖾐 𖼖𖽡𖾐，𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾑 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼺𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽦 𖼰𖽕𖾐 𖼖𖽡𖾐． 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽚 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼠𖽻𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼄𖽡𖽻 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼣𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼄𖽪𖾐 𖼖𖽡𖾐． 𖼦𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽻𖾐，𖼳𖽶 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾑 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐，𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾑 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼳𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼣𖽻𖾐，𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼐𖽺𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼻𖽙 𖼄𖽡𖾐 𖼐𖽜𖾐、 𖼮𖽜𖾐 𖼀𖽑𖽙、 𖼮𖽜𖾐 𖼄𖽙𖾐、 𖼮𖽡𖽺、 𖼦𖽑𖽔𖾐 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼖𖽪𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾐 𖼣𖽙𖾑 𖼮𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽻𖾐，𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼳𖽶 𖼄𖽡𖽻 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼄𖽪𖾐 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐． 𖼞𖽪𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐，𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽚 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼠𖽻𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾐，𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼄𖽶 𖼠𖽻𖾐、 𖼄𖽡𖾑 𖼐𖽦𖾐、 𖼦𖽜𖾐 𖼄𖽙𖾐 𖼐𖽺𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼣𖽻𖾐 𖼳𖽶 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼹𖽸𖾑 𖼀𖽑𖽢 𖼦𖽑𖽙𖾐，𖼳𖽶 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾑 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼐𖽙 𖼹𖽺𖾐 𖼖𖽻𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽙𖾐． 𖽃𖽔𖾐 𖼺𖽺𖾑，𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼄𖽢 𖼖𖽪 𖼳𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾑 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼞𖽜 ，𖼺𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖾐 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽦 𖼰𖽕𖾐．. *5. 𖽃𖽔 𖼀𖽙 𖽃𖽔 𖼄𖽙𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼮𖽨 𖼮𖽻𖾑 𖼊𖽴 𖼖𖽡𖾐，𖽃𖽔𖾐 𖼺𖽺𖾑 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖽂𖽙 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽙𖾐 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽴 𖼦𖽫 𖼖𖽪 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽜 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼄𖽡𖾑 𖼐𖽦𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽦 𖼄𖽨 𖼄𖽨 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼮𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽙𖾐．. *6. 𖼷𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽦 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐．. *7. 𖼊𖽑𖽙𖾑 𖼄𖽡𖽻 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐．. *8. 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼷𖽺𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐．. *9. 𖼮𖽨 𖼄𖽡𖽻𖾐 𖼠𖽕𖾐 𖼄𖽔 𖼰𖽶𖾐 𖼳𖽶 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼷𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼦𖽹𖾑 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐．. *10. 𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼄𖽡𖾐 𖼳𖽡𖽪 𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾐 𖼠𖽙𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼦𖽑𖽻𖾑 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐，𖼺𖽙𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼄𖽳 𖼻𖽙、 𖼮𖽜𖾐 𖼀𖽑𖽙、 𖼮𖽜𖾐 𖼄𖽙𖾐、 𖼐𖽑𖽡、 𖼊𖽑𖽳 𖼖𖽳𖾐 𖼄𖽪 𖼐𖽺𖾐 𖼽𖽻 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼳𖽶 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖽂𖽙𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽻𖾑 𖼄𖽔 𖼊𖽙𖾐. [[Category:Wp/lpo]] {{INTERWIKI|Q34623}} l9w75e45eteln8ktwyz3sov6ts6yvic 0 3140318 6707319 4754079 2025-07-11T05:38:40Z 1.64.157.117 6707319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|right|thumb|300px|𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼄𖽪𖾑 𖼊𖽻.]] '''𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼄𖽪𖾑 𖼊𖽻''', 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼮𖽻𖾐，𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼄𖽦𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼮𖽻𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐．𖼽𖽻 𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼦𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾑 𖼮𖽶𖾐，𖼷𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼽𖽚𖾐 𖼽𖽻 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼀𖽦𖾐：“𖼺𖽡 𖼀𖽑𖽙 𖽃𖽔𖾐！ 𖼷𖽑𖽡 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼽𖽱𖾐 𖼦𖽕𖾑 𖼽𖽻 𖼷𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼄𖽪𖾑 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼺𖽶𖾑，𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼄𖽪𖾑 𖼞𖽜．” 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼀𖽦𖾐： 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾑 𖼮𖽶𖾐，𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾑 𖼻𖽻𖾐 𖼀𖽦𖾐 𖼖𖽡𖾐：: :𖼄𖽶 𖼠𖽻𖾐 𖽃𖽔 𖼀𖽙 𖽃𖽔𖾐！ :𖼷𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼄𖽳𖾑 𖼄𖽳 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼄𖽡𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼐𖽦𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽝𖾐 𖼄𖽶𖾑 𖼞𖽜， :𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽳𖾐 𖼠𖽚 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼖𖽻𖾐 𖼞𖽜 :𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼣𖽝 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐， :𖼊𖽺𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼄𖽶 𖼠𖽻𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼖𖽙𖾐 𖼺𖽶𖾑 𖼂𖽺𖾐 𖼞𖽜． :𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾑 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽺 𖼮𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼮𖽻𖾐 :𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼷𖽙 𖼊𖽻𖾐 𖼖𖽚𖾐 𖼂𖽚𖾐 :𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾑 𖼐𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼖𖽪 𖼞𖽜． :𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼽𖽺𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽪𖾑 𖼄𖽡𖽺 𖼞𖽜． :𖼞𖽪𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐，𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼖𖽺𖾑 𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼞𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽺 𖼂𖽚𖾐 𖼮𖽡𖽺𖾐 𖼀𖽶𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼄𖽡𖽺 𖼦𖽑𖽙𖾐． :𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼞𖽜 𖼊𖽑𖽔 𖼦𖽑𖽜𖾐 𖼄𖽶𖾑 𖼮𖽕𖾐 𖼐𖽦𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽶𖾐 𖼊𖽡 𖼽𖽡𖾐 𖼞𖽜 :𖼣𖽙𖾐 𖼈𖽳𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼰𖽨𖾑 𖼺𖽺𖾑 𖼊𖽶𖾐 𖼮𖽑𖽪 𖼊𖽑𖽺 𖼰𖽡𖾑 𖼦𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼞𖽜． :𖼦𖽑𖽺𖾑 𖼊𖽑𖽡 𖼮𖽑𖽡𖽺 𖼮𖽑𖽻𖾐 𖼺𖽪𖾐 𖼮𖽻𖾐．. [[Category:Wp/lpo]] {{INTERWIKI|Q51640}} lanw4ajr6r833xthszdvau4l63bahnb 0 3163977 6707404 5606391 2025-07-11T09:54:33Z 2A00:1880:A394:41B2:1851:B99:32DC:C538 6707404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:First second third worlds map.svg|thumb|ilaci jalan jecen gerem gurun]] ilaci jalan jecen (inggiri gisun : Third World) serengge [[Wp/mnc/xahvrun dain|xahvrun dain]] forgon de dulimbai ilifi geren gurun. ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q180194}} 513i38fjcp1diiat0qv3i0etv4g4f3d 0 3171354 6707324 4846295 2025-07-11T05:44:46Z 1.64.157.117 6707324 wikitext text/x-wiki ᰣᰰᰃᰥᰬᰈᰧ ᰇᰰ ᰣ ᰓᰠ ᰣᰨ ᰓᰨᰜᰬᰀᰨ ᰓᰧᰊᰥ ᰓᰬᰜᰚᰊ. [[Category:Wp/lep]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1860}} ipsfx1ht67cygnxpvb9b5okxvoa6ejw 0 3173101 6707323 4933310 2025-07-11T05:41:59Z 1.64.157.117 6707323 wikitext text/x-wiki ᰚᰩ ᰎᰥᰊᰧᰀ ᰎᰥᰊᰧᰍᰧᰌᰧᰳᰟ ᰃᰲᰌᰇ ᰀ ᰟᰦ. [[Category:Wp/lep]] 116q39hu8pzexgyh3ezdy4cfyt22umc 0 3321258 6707256 6664057 2025-07-11T02:18:41Z Wkambale 2607434 6707256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q3894}} '''Kampala'''<ref name="Collins">{{Wp/nyn/Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kampala|title=Kampala|work=[[Wp/nyn/Collins English Dictionary|Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[Wp/nyn/HarperCollins|HarperCollins]]|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite Oxford Dictionaries|Kampala|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref <ref name="Collins" </ref><ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Kampala|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref> Ni Orureembo rukuru rwa Uganda Kandi oruri kukyizayo obuhango omu Uganda. Rwiine abantu bari kwingana 1,680,000 Kandi rubaganisiibwemu egomborora eitaano aharimu [[Wp/nyn/Kampala Central Division|Kampala Central Division]], [[Wp/nyn/Kawempe Division|Kawempe Division]], [[Wp/nyn/Makindye Division|Makindye Division]], [[Wp/nyn/Nakawa Division|Nakawa Division]], nana [[Wp/nyn/Rubaga Division|Rubaga Division]]. ==Okukiraho== [[Wp/nyn/Wo/nyn/Kampala Capital City Authority|Kampala Capital City Authority]] (KCCA), ekatandikwaho omwaka gwa 2011, erikuza omu mwanya gwa ''Kampala City Council'' (KCC). Omu kutandika aha myaaka eshaatu, abebembezi baKCCA ensya nana Central division, bateeka ensira aha kutunguura ebya obuyoonjo,Ebya kasasiro, nana okukuuma ebyibuhangwa nana ebyombeko byoona ebyabiire biriho kandi omu biragiro.<ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web|publisher=[[Wp/nyn/New Vision|New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=647726&CatID=488|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140617233535/http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=647726&CatID=488|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-06-17|title=Kampala Smiling Again: Kampala Central Division|access-date=17 June 2014|first=and Andrew Masinde|last=Stephen Ssenkaba|date=2012}}</ref> Kuhabiireho okusingura omu mwaaka eshaatu eyabandize, Obweebembezi bwa KCCA but ka tandika kukora aha Enguuto naan oku zi hangutsya nana za situriti omu gomborora nana okwihamu omwijurirano omu rureembo.<ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web| url=http://www.independent.co.ug/cover-story/8931-jennifer-musisis-kampala|title=Jennifer Musisi’s Kampala|date=4 May 2014|last=Haggai Matsiko|first=and Joseph Were|access-date=28 May 2014|publisher=[[Wp/nyn/The Independent (Uganda)|The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref> [[Category:wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3894}} 90xeu42yt6c0jux7epolbmed9znw69x 0 3321270 6707258 5423012 2025-07-11T02:19:17Z Wkambale 2607434 6707258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rubaga Division''', also '''Lubaga Division''', ni rumwe omu gomborora eziri kukora Orureembo rwa [[Wp/nyn/Kampala|Kampala]], [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]]. Egomborora egyi neyiha eiziina rya [[Wp/nyn/Rubaga Division|Rubaga]], ahi embuga nkuru ziri. [[Category:wp/nyn]] 3yzoej0n0qy5h6p2r8sldlbwidly7hr 0 3324891 6707085 6490576 2025-07-10T19:38:28Z Slaia 2553861 6707085 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Wb/nia/Kamus/styles.css"/> <div class="buku">'''''Nitöngöni''': Faigi zanandrösa ba kamus andre tou ba gahe zura!'' {{Wb/nia/NavKamusAngolita}} <hr> <span class="anchor" id="ga">'''ga'''</span>, part., ebua ga mö tö, ''dann wird er auch gross''; lö'ö ga mö tö, ''dass ist ja nicht wahr''; —, ''u''. gaö, ''S''., ''hier, allhier, jetzt, sofort'', ''a''. ga'ö[ta] ''u''. gaö'ö; ga moroi ''u''. gaö moroi, S., ''von dort, daher''; ga ga'ö, ''S''., ''hierher''; ba ga andra, S., ''hieran''; ga ne, S., ''dort, dorthin, dahin, daselbst, a''. gaö; hae ga, ''S''., ''wo? wohin ?'' <span class="anchor" id="ga'a">'''ga'a'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. a'a. <span class="anchor" id="gabu">'''gabu'''</span>, subst., ''e. Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gada">'''gada'''</span>, subst., (sagada), ''eine Kupfermünze, 2 Duit''. <span class="anchor" id="gade">'''gade'''</span>, subst., ''Pfand''; gadegö, mo-, v. a., ''als Pfand geben''; mogade, v. n., ''ein Pfand geben''. <span class="anchor" id="gadi">'''gadi'''</span>, subst., ''Spindel (zum Spinnen)''; ''u. Kreisel''; gadi, mo-, v a., ''spinnen''; fagadi, v. n., ''Kreisel spielen''. <span class="anchor" id="gado">'''gado'''</span>, subst., S., ''ein europäisches Wohnhaus''. <span class="anchor" id="gadö">'''gadö'''</span>, subst., ''Kalkdose''. <span class="anchor" id="gae">'''gae'''</span>, subst., ''Pisang''; — adu; — adulo; — afasi; — afo; — ana'a; — bayo; — bala; — duli (''wild''); — fanikha; — kali; — kiŵi; — lakha; — liu; — mbanua; — ndru'u (''wild''); — ue; — razo[kinalu]; — si'ata; — si'öli; — si si wenua; — susu; — ta'uli; — tawö; — to'u, ''verschiedene Arten''; si gae, subst., ''eine Reissorte''; gae-gae, subst., ''eine Grasart''; magae, subst., ''eine Schlingpflanze (sehr wasserhaltig)''. <span class="anchor" id="gaele-gaele">'''gaele-gaele'''</span>, subst., ''eine Stangenbohnenart''; — föda; — kawa; — mao, ''verschiedene Arten (teils nicht essbar)''; managa-nagaele, v. n., ''wackeln (von wackeligem Gange)''. <span class="anchor" id="gaena">'''gaena'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ogaena, adj., ''fein, schön''. <span class="anchor" id="gaene">'''gaene'''</span>, ''St. ung''., lagaene, subst., ''eine Pflanze''. <span class="anchor" id="gaeŵe">'''gaeŵe'''</span>, subst., ''Tintenfisch''; fagaeŵe, v. n., ''zusammengehen, sich zueinander halten''. <span class="anchor" id="gafo">'''gafo'''</span>, fomböra gafo, subst., ''(mal. kapor), Kampfer''. <span class="anchor" id="gaga">'''gaga'''</span>, subst., ''Rabe, Krähe''. <span class="anchor" id="gai">'''gai'''</span>, subst., ''Angel''; fagai, v. n., ''angeln''; gaini, mo-, v. a., ''angeln''. <span class="anchor" id="gailo">'''gailo'''</span>, ''St. ung''., gagailo, subst., ''S. Drüse''. <span class="anchor" id="gala">'''gala'''</span>, subst., ''eine Holzschüssel''. <span class="anchor" id="galagaru">'''galagaru'''</span>, subst, ''ein Arzenermittel''. <span class="anchor" id="galasi">'''galasi'''</span>, subst., ''(holländ.) Glas, Trinkglas''. <span class="anchor" id="gale">'''gale'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''verkaufen''. <span class="anchor" id="gali">'''gali'''</span>, subst., ''Pfanne, Bratpfanne''. <span class="anchor" id="gali">'''gali'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''aufhetzen (geheim)''. <span class="anchor" id="galo">'''galo'''</span>, subst., ''S. sieh''. kalo; — mbawa, ''Zaum''. <span class="anchor" id="galö-galö">'''galö-galö'''</span>, subst., ''Kitt''; galö-galöni, mo-, v. a., ''verkitten''. <span class="anchor" id="galu">'''galu'''</span>, I, subst., ''Thür; Zimmer''; bawa — ''Thüröffnung, Thürloch''. <span class="anchor" id="galu">'''galu'''</span>, II, subst., ''ein Seefisch''. <span class="anchor" id="galu">'''galu'''</span>, III, (''mal''.), sagaloe, subst., ''12 Spannen (beim Messingdraht)''. <span class="anchor" id="gama">'''gama'''</span>, subst., ''Reif''; gamai, mo-, v. a., ''mit Reifen beschlagen, binden; reifförmig aufwickeln''. <span class="anchor" id="gama-gama">'''gama-gama'''</span>, subst., ''Sachen, Geräte, Möbel, Kleider''. <span class="anchor" id="gamba">'''gamba'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ''S'', gamba[-gamba] ono mbetua, v. n., ''unpässlich sein''. <span class="anchor" id="gambara">'''gambara'''</span>, subst., (''mal''.), ''Bild, Bildnis''; — danö, Landkarte. <span class="anchor" id="gambe">'''gambe'''</span>, subst., ''(mal. gambir), eine Pflanze, deren Blätter und Harz mit dem Sirih gekaut werden, um denselben rot zu färben''. <span class="anchor" id="gambi">'''gambi'''</span>, subst., ''Bart, Kinnbart''; mogambi, v. n., ''einen Bart haben, bärtig sein''. <span class="anchor" id="gambilo">'''gambilo'''</span>, subst., ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gambu">'''gambu'''</span>, v. n., ''sich aufblähen''; — dalu, ''Blähungen haben''; fa'agambu, subst., ''Blähung''. <span class="anchor" id="gami-gami">'''gami-gami'''</span>, subst., ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gamo-gamo">'''gamo-gamo'''</span>, subst., ''Rest, Rückstand (bei trockenen Sachen)''. <span class="anchor" id="gana">'''gana'''</span>, subst., ''Stamm, Volksstamm''. <span class="anchor" id="gandré">'''gandré'''</span> ''u''. '''gandrö''' {gandró}, ''Dial. sieh''. andre ''u''. andrö. <span class="anchor" id="gano">'''gano'''</span>, adv., ''gerade (von einer Zahl), rund, vollzählig''; gano lima rufia, ''rund fünf Gulden''. <span class="anchor" id="gaöni">'''gaöni'''</span>, subst., ''Zecke''. <span class="anchor" id="gaönö">'''gaönö'''</span>, subst., ''Betrübnis, Sorge''. <span class="anchor" id="gaule">'''gaule'''</span>, subst., ''ein Ohrring''; tagaule, ''sieh''. dauge-dauge; tagaulesi, man-, v. a., u. anagaulesi, mu-(?) v. a., ''sich an etwas in die Höhe ziehen''. <span class="anchor" id="gaolo">'''gaolo'''</span>. subst., ''Rad; Charnier, Kreisel''; ogaolo, mang-, v. a., ''abrunden, in Bogenform bringen''; ni'ogaolo, subst., ''Bogen, Kreis''. <span class="anchor" id="gaölö">'''gaölö'''</span>, subst., ''d. Rollen; e. Gesang m. rollend. Aussprache''; fagaölö, mam-, v. a., ''wegrollen, umrolln''; — li, mam-, v. a., ''rollend aussprechen (bei obigem Gesang)''; tegaölö, v. n., ''rollen, wegrollen''; gaölö-gaölö, wombali, subst., ''ein Götze''. <span class="anchor" id="gaöti">'''gaöti'''</span>, '''balö gaöti''', subst., ''Hackblock''; gaötini, mo-, v. a., ''einem Hackblock ähnlich machen, z. B. ein Stück Fleisch viereckig schneiden''. <span class="anchor" id="garafu">'''garafu'''</span>, subst., ''(a. d. mal.) Gabel''. <span class="anchor" id="gara-gara">'''gara-gara'''</span>, subst., ''Buntheit''; ogara-gara, adj., ''carriert, bunt''. <span class="anchor" id="garagazi">'''garagazi'''</span>, subst., ''(mal.), Säge''; garagazini, mo-, v. a., ''durchsägen, zersägen''. <span class="anchor" id="garata">'''garata'''</span>, subst., ''e. Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gari">'''gari'''</span>, subst., ''eine Schwertart''; — mbanua, ''Blitz''; — akhe, ''Knüttel''; — mbombo, ''eine Holzsorte''; mameta gari mbanua, v. n., ''blitzen, es blitzt''. <span class="anchor" id="gasa-gasa">'''gasa-gasa'''</span>, ''i. S''. kasa-kasa, subst., ''Verzögerung, Abwartung''; —, adv., ''in Abwartung''; mogasa, v. n., ''verziehen, sich verzögern''; fagasa-gasa, v. n., id. fagasa, v. n., ''krachen, knarren''; mangasa[-ngasa], v. n., ''schleppen''; — dalu, ''Ziehen in den Gedärmen haben''. <span class="anchor" id="gasi[-gasi]">'''gasi[-gasi]'''</span>, subst., ''Scheere (b. Krebs); Zweig, Schoss (bei gewissen Pflanzen); Arm'' (h); sangasi, subst., ''eine Schicht (z. B. beim Mattenflechten)''; lagasi, subst., ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gasö">'''gasö'''</span>, subst., ''Dachlatte''; — matua, ''Dachsparren''; ''i. S''. — sanau; [si'öli] ni'ogasö, ''Stahl (Stab, eckig)''; ni'ogasö farasi, id. (''platt''). <span class="anchor" id="gatunga">'''gatunga'''</span>, subst., ''(mal.) Galgen''. <span class="anchor" id="gauo">'''gauo'''</span>, subst., ''e. Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gaŵa">'''gaŵa'''</span>, si gaŵa, subst., ''die Oberseite, die Höhlung eines Gefässes''; ''die Vorderseite, die Brust (b. Menschen)''; be'e zi gaŵa, mam-, v. a., ''sich auf den Rücken legen''; terigaŵa, v. n., id. ''u''. ''sich aufstellen, so rollen, od. fallen, dass die Höhlung nach oben kommt (z. B. eine Kokosnussschale)''; farigaŵa, mam-, v. a., ''aufstellen, auf den Rücken legen''; —, mam-, v. r., ''sieh''. terigaŵa. <span class="anchor" id="gaŵaya">'''gaŵaya'''</span>, ''sieh''. gaya. <span class="anchor" id="gawu">'''gawu'''</span>, subst., ''Sand; Strand''; — nasi, ''Sandboden''; gawu-gawu, ''Sand, Staub''; mogawu[-gawu] v. n., ''sandig sein, bestaubt sein''. <span class="anchor" id="gaya">'''gaya'''</span>, adv., ''S.'', ''es ist gut''; gaya na, conj., ''S''., ''wenn auch''; gaya (''od''. gawaya) na lö'ö, ''es kann unterbleiben''; gayagö, mo-, v. a., N., ''hinlegen (zum Schlafen)''; fagaya, mam-, v. a, id.; mogaya[-gaya], v. n., ''legen''; aligayafö, v. n., ''matt werden (von starkem Lachen)''; gaya-gaya, subst., ''Blütenkolben der Arekapalme''; — waha, ''Schenkelmuskel''. <span class="anchor" id="gaza">'''gaza'''</span>, ''sieh''. guaza. <span class="anchor" id="gazi">'''gazi'''</span>, I, subst. ''(mal.), Lohn, i. S''. gaci; gazi, mo-, v. a., ''besolden''; mogazi v. n., ''Lohn erhalten''; a gazi, mang-, v. a., ''sieh''. ''unt''. a, mang-. <span class="anchor" id="gazi">'''gazi'''</span>, II, adv., ''ungrade (von einer Zahl)''. <span class="anchor" id="gega">'''gega'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. ega. <span class="anchor" id="gege">'''gege'''</span>, subst., ''Unordentlichkeit, Fahrlässigkeit''; agege[-gege]. adj., ''unordentlich, fahrlässig''; gegewukhö, subst., ''eine grosse schwarze Ameise, deren Biss recht schmerzlich ist''. <span class="anchor" id="gego">'''gego'''</span> (''rein. St''. ego), subst., ''S''., ''Unterredung, Verhandlung''; fagego ''u''. faego, v. n., ''sich unterreden, verhandeln''; fagegosa, subst., ''davon''. <span class="anchor" id="geha-geha">'''geha-geha'''</span>, subst., ''das Wackeln, das Sich hin- und herbewegen''; togeha[-geha] ''u''. ageha[-geha], v. n., ''wackeln''; fageha[-geha], mam-, v. a., ''hin- und herbewegen''. <span class="anchor" id="gela">'''gela'''</span>, I, subst., ''porselein, Portulak (eine Gemüseart)''. <span class="anchor" id="gela">'''gela'''</span>, II, subst., ''Stein''; gela-gela, subst., ''Ohrring, Ohrbummel''. <span class="anchor" id="gela">'''gela'''</span>, III, subst., ''die Bambustange in der Atape''; sagela, ''ein Stück (Atap)'', plur, nga'ela. <span class="anchor" id="gele-gele">'''gele-gele'''</span>, subst., das ''Quieken''; mogele, v. n., ''quieken''. <span class="anchor" id="geli-geli">'''geli-geli'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''mit Macht, stürmisch, etwas tun (z. B. bitten)''. <span class="anchor" id="gelo">'''gelo'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. elo. <span class="anchor" id="gendri">'''gendri'''</span>, subst, ''(mal.), Wasserkrug''. <span class="anchor" id="gere">'''gere'''</span>, ''St. ung.'', gere-gere, subst., ''Gekrächze''; — mbou, ''ein Vogel''; mogere-gere, v. n., ''krächzen (von einem Huhn beim Anlocken des Hahnes)''. <span class="anchor" id="gerefu">'''gerefu'''</span>, subst., S., ''Grüffel''. <span class="anchor" id="gete">'''gete'''</span>, ''sieh''. ete, (g). <span class="anchor" id="geto">'''geto'''</span>, subst., ''eine Art Horniss''. <span class="anchor" id="gi">'''gi'''</span>, I, subst., ''eine Cycadenart''. <span class="anchor" id="gi">'''gi'''</span>, II, conj., ''sieh''. göi. <span class="anchor" id="gia">'''gia'''</span>, ''St. ung.'', '''gia-gia''', subst., ''Wohlgefallen, Spass''; fagia, v. n., ''scherzen''; fagia'ö, mam-, v. a., ''zum Narren halten, mit jem. spielen''; lagigia, subst, ''ein Vogel''. <span class="anchor" id="gifi">'''gifi'''</span>, subst., ''das was sich in Stückchen ablöst, beim Kokosnussreiben''; ''Geschwür im Mundwinkel''. <span class="anchor" id="gigi">'''gigi'''</span>, subst, ''ein kleines Würmchen in der Kokosnuss''; sara —, subst, ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gigimö">'''gigimö'''</span>, subst, ''Hautausschlag, Frambosia''. <span class="anchor" id="gikhi">'''gikhi'''</span>, ''St. ung''., mogikhi, v. n., ''zittern, beben, auch im Fieber''; fogikhi, subst., ''das kalte Fieber, Wechselfieber''; fogikhi, mam-, v. a., ''zum Zittern bringen''. <span class="anchor" id="gila">'''gila'''</span>, ''St. ung''., fagilagila töla, v. n., ''S. ringen''. <span class="anchor" id="gili">'''gili'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''sticken''; gili-gili, subst., ''Stickerei''; ''eine Kleinigkeit''; sagili-gili lö'ö, ''garnichts''; fagili'ö, mam-, v. a., ''mitteilen''. <span class="anchor" id="gilogö">'''gilogö'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''umsetzen, verkaufen''; tegilo, v. n., ''umrollen, umgesetzt, verkauft werden''; fagilo, mam-, v. a., ''umdrehen; wechseln''; ''i. S. mit'' delau, ''den Kopf schütteln''; gilo-gilo, subst., ''Wendung, Veränderung''. <span class="anchor" id="gima">'''gima'''</span>, subst., ''ein grosses Schaltier''. <span class="anchor" id="gina">'''gina'''</span>, subst., ''Spiel''; fagina, v. n., ''spielen, wuntätig umherlaufen''. <span class="anchor" id="gini">'''gini'''</span>, ''St. ung''., gini-gini, subst., ''Schein, Schimmer''; ogini-gini, adj., glänzend, schön. <span class="anchor" id="gino">'''gino'''</span>, ''St. ung.'', ''S''. agino, adj., ''mager; seekrank''. <span class="anchor" id="girö">'''girö'''</span>, ''St. ung''., S. agigirö, adj., ''kitzelig''. <span class="anchor" id="girö-girö">'''girö-girö'''</span>, ''sieh''. ''unt''. irö'ö, mang-. <span class="anchor" id="gitö">'''gitö'''</span>, subst., ''Harz, Gummi, Klebstoff''; fakhitö, v. n., ''kleben, kleberig sein''; fakhitö, mam-, v. a., ''aneinanderkleben''. <span class="anchor" id="go">'''go'''</span>, subst., ''ein kleiner Mehl- und Holzkäfer''. <span class="anchor" id="goa">'''goa'''</span>, subst., ''Kopfschwären (bei kleinen Kindern)''; goanö, subst., resp. adj., ''mit diesen behaftet''; goa-goa, subst., ''Kruste auf einem Geschwür''. <span class="anchor" id="göa">'''göa'''</span>, subst., ''das Aufstossen aus dem Magen''; fagöa, v. n., ''Aufstossen haben''. <span class="anchor" id="gobi">'''gobi'''</span>, cf. obj.; — duwa, subst., ''eine Holzsorte''; gobi-gobi, subst., ''das zu etwas passende''; fagobi, v. n., ''passen (zu etwas)''. <span class="anchor" id="gödo">'''gödo'''</span>, subst., ''ein europäisches Haus, Beamtenwohnung''. <span class="anchor" id="godo-godo">'''godo-godo'''</span>, subst., ''ein Gebäck''. <span class="anchor" id="gödö-gödö">'''gödö-gödö'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''etwas langsam und vorsichtig verrichten''. <span class="anchor" id="godu">'''godu'''</span>, subst., ''eine Holzsorte, (harzliefernd)''. <span class="anchor" id="goe">'''goe'''</span>, I, ''St. ung''., maligoe, v. n., ''sich hin- und herbewegen''; faligoe, mam-, v. a., ''fechten (mit dem Schwert in der Luft; horizontal)''. <span class="anchor" id="goe">'''goe'''</span>, II, ''St. ung.'', mogoe-goe, v. n., S., ''bunt sein''. <span class="anchor" id="gofa">'''gofa'''</span>, '''sagofa''', subst., ''ein Maass, von der Handwurzel bis zur Daumenspitze, bei geschlossenen 4 Fingern''. <span class="anchor" id="gofu">'''gofu'''</span>, pron., ''(wie, wo, was, wer) auch immer''; — hewisa, ''wie auch immer''; — hadia, ''was auch immer''; — ha niha, ''wer auch immer''; fefu gofu heza, ''überall''; gofu itörö, ''wie es auch gehen möge''. <span class="anchor" id="gogo">'''gogo'''</span>, subst., ''After, Hintere, Gesäss''; gogowaya, subst., ''Nashornvogel''; — ite, ''sieh''. guröi mbombo, ''unt''. uröi. <span class="anchor" id="gogohe">'''gogohe'''</span>, ''sieh''. ''unt''. ohe. <span class="anchor" id="gohi">'''gohi'''</span>, '''molohi''', ''sieh''. ''unt''. ohi. <span class="anchor" id="göi">'''göi'''</span>, conj., ''auch''; gö'ae, ''auch''. <span class="anchor" id="gokhö">'''gokhö'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. ochö. <span class="anchor" id="gökö-gökö">'''gökö-gökö'''</span>, subst., ''Anstrengung''; agökö-gökö, v. n., ''sich anstrengen''. <span class="anchor" id="gola">'''gola'''</span>, I, subst, ''Käfer (verschiedene Arten); Maikäfer''; — dai mbawi, ''Mistkäfer''; — sörömi, ''eine andere Art (glänzend schwarz''). <span class="anchor" id="gola">'''gola'''</span>, II, ''sieh. unt''. ola. <span class="anchor" id="goli">'''goli'''</span>, I, ''St. ung''., goli-goli, subst., ''Schinkenstück (an beiden Seiten des Rückgrates; a. von einem gespaltenen Stücke Holz)''. <span class="anchor" id="goli">'''goli'''</span>, II, ''St. ung''., goli-goli, subst., ''Geklapper''; mugoli, v..n., ''klappern''. <span class="anchor" id="golö">'''golö'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ogolö dödö, v. n., ''Mitleiden haben''; ogolöi dödö, mang-, v. a., ''Mitleiden haben, od. beweisen''; ogolöi tödö, mang-, v. a., id. <span class="anchor" id="gölö">'''gölö'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. ölö. <span class="anchor" id="golu">'''golu'''</span>, I, subst., ''eine Art Götze (ein Baumzweig, vor d. Hause aufgepflanzt)''. <span class="anchor" id="golu">'''golu'''</span>, II, subst., S., ''Tür, Fenster''; bawa —, ''Türöffnung, Türloch''; Abtritt (D). <span class="anchor" id="gölu">'''gölu'''</span> ''u''. '''gölu-gölu''', subst., ''ein Bündchen''; ''a''. nga'ölu, (''rein. Stamm. vielleicht'' ölu); gölugö, mo-, v. a., ''zusammenrollen, aufrollen, im S., umrollen''; sigölu, subst., ''Schuppentier''. <span class="anchor" id="goma">'''goma'''</span>, subst., ''e. Holzsorte''. <span class="anchor" id="gomba">'''gomba'''</span>, subst., ''Bartlappen (beim Hahn)''. <span class="anchor" id="gombu">'''gombu'''</span>, subst., ''eine Holzsorte''; soŵa'a —, subst., ''Pfahlwurzel''. <span class="anchor" id="gömi">'''gömi'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ogömi[-gömi], adj., ''dunkel, a''. akhömi; ogömi-gömi na, ''dämmerig (des Morgens)''; ogömi-gömisi, mang-, v. a., ''verdunkeln''; gögömi. subst., ''S. der folgende Tag''; —, adv., ''S. morgen''; akhömita, subst., ''S. Dunkelheit''; — [mbawa], N., ''der Mond am ersten Tage nach dem Vollmond''. <span class="anchor" id="göna">'''göna'''</span>, I, subst., ''Ananas''. <span class="anchor" id="göna">'''göna'''</span>, II, i. S. '''öna''', ''treffen, passen, klappen''; ''betroffen od. getroffen werden, behext werden''; gönaisi, mo-, v. a., ''etwas auf etwas treffen lassen; behexen''; fagöna, v. n., ''passen, zutreffen''; fagöna'ö, od. fagönaisi, mam-, v. a., ''jemandem nachstellen, ihm etwas antun''. <span class="anchor" id="göndra">'''göndra'''</span>, I, subst., ''eine grosse Felltrommel''; fagöndra, mam-, v. a., ''taktmässig, im Takte (schlagen z. B.)''. <span class="anchor" id="göndra">'''göndra'''</span>, II, ''ein Bambu mit einem Loch und mit einer von demselben abgespaltenen Saite (als Schlaginstrument).'' <span class="anchor" id="göndri">'''göndri'''</span>, ''St. ung''., fagöndri-göndri, v. n., ''sieh''. falaŵa-laŵa unter laŵa. <span class="anchor" id="goni[-goni]">'''goni[-goni]'''</span>, subst., ''ein grosser Sack, Kaffeesack''. <span class="anchor" id="gonö">'''gonö'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ogonö, v. n., ''gerinnen''. <span class="anchor" id="gono-gono">'''gono-gono'''</span>, subst., ''ein kleiner Fisch''. <span class="anchor" id="go'ö">'''go'ö'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ogo'ö, v. n., ''sinken, vertrocknen, versiegen''; — gö idanö, S., fig., ''d. Trinkwasser versiegt, sterben''; ogo'öisi, mang-, v. a., ''versiegen machen''. <span class="anchor" id="gore">'''gore'''</span>, mo-, v. a, ''(mal.), braten''. <span class="anchor" id="gore">'''gore'''</span>, subst.,''Verhärtung der Zehenhaut, Hühnerauge''. <span class="anchor" id="göri">'''göri'''</span>, subst., ''Dolch''; göri-göri, subst., ''ein kleiner Vogel''. <span class="anchor" id="gori">'''gori'''</span>, subst., ''e. Schnepfenart''. <span class="anchor" id="gori-gori">'''gori-gori'''</span>, subst, ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="goro">'''goro'''</span>, ''St. ung''., ogoto, v. n., ''Abscheu, Ekel empfinden''; ogorofi, mang-, v. a., ''verabscheuen''; fa'ogoro, subst., Abscheu, Ekel. <span class="anchor" id="gorö">'''gorö'''</span>, subst., ''ein kleiner Fisch''. <span class="anchor" id="görö">'''görö'''</span>, sagörö, subst., ''ein Stück, ein Feld''; plur. nga'örö, (''rein. St. viell''. örö). <span class="anchor" id="gosi">'''gosi'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. khozi. <span class="anchor" id="goso">'''goso'''</span>, I, subst., (mal.), ''Bürste''; —, mo-, v. a., ''bürsten, abbürsten''. <span class="anchor" id="goso">'''goso'''</span>, II, subst., ''(mal.) Brandung auf einem Riff''; goso-goso, subst., ''Gebrause (v. Wasser)''; mugoso-goso, v. n., ''brausen''. <span class="anchor" id="gösö">'''gösö'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. ösö. <span class="anchor" id="gosu">'''gosu'''</span>, subst., ''Querlatte an einer Hecke''. <span class="anchor" id="gota">'''gota'''</span>, subst., ''Euter''; — laoya, ''eine Holzart''. <span class="anchor" id="götö">'''götö'''</span>, subst., i. plur. a. '''nga'ötö''', ''Terrasse; Stockwerk; Geschlecht; Zeitraum, Periode; Abschnitt''; sagötö niha, ''ein Menschenalter''; sagötö ya'o, ''so lange ich lebe''; götö wa no aefa wökhögu, ''seit meiner Krankheit''; götö-götö wa'ara, ''alle die Zeiten hindurch''; götö geu, ''Knüttel''; dua götö, ''doppelt''; lö mendrua götö, ''das ist keine langwierige Sache''; monga'ötö, v. n., ''terrassenförmig sein, in Terrassen, in Stockwerke eingeteilt sein, Nachkommen haben''; fonga'ötö, mam-, v. a., ''in Terrassen, in Stockwerke abteilen, abstufen''; ''jem. Nachkommen verschaffen''; gögötö, mo-, v. a., ''kleinhacken''. <span class="anchor" id="gowe">'''gowe'''</span>, subst., ''Stein, Kieselstein''; gowea, subst., ''Sinn''; fehede si lö gowea, ''eine Rede, die keinen Sinn hat''. <span class="anchor" id="gowi">'''gowi'''</span>, subst., ''Batate, süsse ind. Kartoffel''; — adulo; — ale; — asio; — bala; — belu; — duria; — eu; — hawu; — kara; — laidö; — ma'ufa; — meziŵa; — no'u; — ombu; — safusi; — si fakhaitö; — soyo; — solowö; — tugala; — tumba; — tölagasa, verschiedene Arten davon; — balandra, ''europäische Kartoffel''; — farasi, ''Tapioka''; — rio, ''eine andere Art von der letzteren''; mogowi, v. n., ''Bataten haben, resp. hervorbringen''; ''gerinnen (z. B. ausgebratenes Fett)''; mosogowi, v. n., ''einen Ansatz von geronnenem Fett haben (z. B. ein kalter Braten in der Sauce)''; lakowi, subst., ''Vernarbung''; molakowi, v. n., ''vernarben, eine Kruste bekommen (v. ei. Geschwür)''. <span class="anchor" id="goya">'''goya'''</span>, ''St. ung''., goya-goya, subst., ''S. Lärm''; fagoya-goya[li], v. n., ''lärmen, sich zanken''; fagoyaisi, mam-, v. a., ''stören, in Verwirrung bringen''; fagoya-goyasa, subst., ''der Lärm, das Zanken''. <span class="anchor" id="goyo">'''goyo'''</span>, subst., ''sieh''. unt. ojo. <span class="anchor" id="gua">'''gua'''</span>, ''St. ung''., '''gua-gua''', subst., ''Streit, Spektakel''; fagua[-gua], v. n., ''Spektakel machen''; —, mam-, v. a., ''in'' ''Streit bringen''; fagua-guasa, subst., ''Streit, Spektakel''. <span class="anchor" id="guaza">'''guaza'''</span>, subst., ''Elefant''; — horö, ''ein grosses Verbrechen''. <span class="anchor" id="guba'i">'''guba'i'''</span>, subst., ''Liebling (Anrede)''. <span class="anchor" id="gude">'''gude'''</span>, mo-, v. a., ''schlagen, strafen (Kinder)''. <span class="anchor" id="gude-gude">'''gude-gude'''</span>, subst., ''ein Körbchen''. <span class="anchor" id="gui">'''gui'''</span>, ''St. ung''., '''gui-gui''', subst., ''das Gehäufte auf einem Maasse''; mogui-gui, v. n., ''gehäuft voll sein''; ogui, adj., ''voll'' (h); fagui, mam-, v. a., ''füllen'' (h). <span class="anchor" id="gukhu">'''gukhu'''</span>, I, ''Milzanschwellung''. <span class="anchor" id="gukhu">'''gukhu'''</span>, II, sagukhu, subst., ''ein abgeschnittenes oder abgehauenes Ende Holz''; ''ein Klafter und eine Spanne lang (bei Zeug)''; gukhu-gukhu geu, subst., ''Knüttel''; gukhui, mo-, v. a., ''schlagen, hauen''; ogukhula, (g), subst., S., ''Brocken''. <span class="anchor" id="gulamo">'''gulamo'''</span>, subst., ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gulamba">'''gulamba'''</span>, subst, ''eine Fischart''. <span class="anchor" id="gule">'''gule'''</span>, subst., ''Gemüse'', ''a''. gule-gule; gule'ö, mo-, v. a., ''schmieren'' (''mit der Schmiere als'' Acc.-Obj.), ''darauf streichen''; togule, v. n., ''an etwas angeschmiert werden''; a. fig.; fagule, mam-, v. a., khö, ''etwas auf etwas streichen''. <span class="anchor" id="gulo">'''gulo'''</span>, subst., ''Zucker''. <span class="anchor" id="gulu">'''gulu'''</span>, subst., ''S''. ''Fenster''. <span class="anchor" id="gulugö">'''gulugö'''</span>, mo-, v. a, S. ''sieh''. gölugö, mo-, ''unter'' gölu. <span class="anchor" id="gumi">'''gumi'''</span>, I, ''St. ung''. gumi-gumi (nukha). subst., ''Zeugfaser, Charpie''; fakhumi, v. n., ''sich verwirren, verwirrt werden, a. mit'' dödö. <span class="anchor" id="gumi">'''gumi'''</span>, II, ''St. ung''., ogumi, mang-, v. a., ''ausspülen''. <span class="anchor" id="gumo">'''gumo'''</span>, subst., ''kleine harige Stächelchen, am Bambu u. s. w.'' <span class="anchor" id="guna">'''guna'''</span>, subst., ''(mal.), Nutzen''; moguna, v. n., ''nützen, zu gebrauchen sein''; — ia khögu, ''ich bedarf seiner''; oguna'ö, mang-, v. a., ''benützen, verwerten''; foguna'ö, mang-, v. a., id.; soguna, subst., ''Bedürfnis''. <span class="anchor" id="guru">'''guru'''</span>, subst., ''(mal.), Lehrer''; faguru, v. n., ''sich unterrichten lassen (in der Zauberei)''; faguru[ö], mam-, v. a., ''unterrichten, lehren, abrichten''; nifaguru, subst., ''S''. ''Jünger, Schüler''. <span class="anchor" id="guröi mbombo">'''guröi mbombo'''</span>, ''sieh. unt''. uröi. <span class="anchor" id="guti">'''guti'''</span>, subst., ''Scheere''; —, mo-, v. n., ''zerschneiden (mit der Schere), scheren''. <span class="anchor" id="guza">'''guza'''</span>, subst., ''e. Fischart''. == Famotokhi ba gahe == {{Wb/nia/NavKamusFamotokhi}} == Angolifa nösi == {{Wb/nia/NavKamusAngolita}} == Fabaliŵa lala == {{Wb/nia/Bale zato}}</div> [[Category:Wb/nia]] [[Category:Wb/nia/Kamus Nias-Jerman]] cehcbu8kjfacbz23pzzwkb4fog14au3 0 3336839 6707367 5493570 2025-07-11T08:28:02Z EditorFX 2607622 6707367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''حوسێن داودی''' (١٩٠١ لە [[Wp/sdh/کرماشان|کرماشان]] - ١٩٧٨ لە [[Wp/sdh/قوم|قوم]]) ئاوازخوەن، موسیقازان، [[Wp/sdh/تەعزیە|تەعزیەخوەن]] و [[Wp/sdh/ئاخوەن|ئاخوەن]] بۊە. وسایەیل مووسیقاێ ئێران جوور [[Wp/sdh/ئەبوڵحەسەن سەبا|ئەبوڵحەسەن سەبا]] و [[Wp/sdh/دەرویش خان|دەرویش خان]] ک دەنگ حوسێن داودی شنەفتنە گشتیان دان وە خوەشدەنگی و شارەزایی ئەۊ لە ئاواز دانانە. == ژیان == حوسێن داودی لە ساڵ ١٩٠١ لە [[Wp/sdh/کرماشان|کرماشان]] لە داڵگ پێیا بۊ. بنەماڵەی مەزەوی بۊن و لەلاێ باوگی خوەنین [[Wp/sdh/قورئان|قورئان]] و [[Wp/sdh/تەعزیە|تەعزیە]] یاێ گرت. ھەلەێووا لەلاێ کەسێگ وە ناو ''شێخ چاوش'' شاگردی کرد. لە سەرەتاێ جوانی دەرس دینی خوەنی و بۊە [[Wp/sdh/ئاخوەن|ئاخوەن]] و تەنانەت جلوبەرگ ئاخوەنیش کردە وەر. ئەمانی شێوەێ تاکردنی وەگەرد ئاخوەنەیل ترەک جیاواز بۊ و فرەتر ھووگر وە مووسیقا و ھونەر عرفانی بۊ. لەو دەورە لە شانووەیل ئایینی جوور تەعزیە لە دەنگ خوەی ئەڕاێ نیشان داێن کەسایەتییەیل دیرووک دین ئسفادە کردیاد. وەدۊاێ وەھاز بۊن [[Wp/sdh/ڕزاخان|ڕزاخان پەھلەوی]] جلوبەرگ ئاخوەنی نادە لا. لەو دەورە جوور کارمەن مەزرینگەێ خەڵەێ کرماشان، بۊ وە نێابان [[Wp/sdh/سیلووێ گەنم کرماشان|سیلووێ گەنم کرماشان]]. حوسێن داودی شاگردەیل فرەێگ ئێمات کرد ک [[Wp/sdh/غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادەێ باوەنپوور|غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادەێ باوەنپوور]] و [[Wp/sdh/عەلیجان جاھد|عەلیجان جاھد]] لەوانە بۊن. حوسێن داودی لە ساڵ ١٩٧٨ (١٣٥٦ کووچی ھەتاوی) کووچ دۊایی کرد و وە سپارشت خوەی لە [[Wp/sdh/قەورسان فاتمەێ ماسوومە|قەورسان فاتمەێ ماسوومە]] لە شار [[Wp/sdh/قوم|قوم]] لە [[Wp/sdh/ئێران|ئێران]] وە خاک سپاریا. == کارەیل == حوسێن داودی لە سەردەم جەوانی ئجرایل فرەێگ لە کرماشان وەگەرد [[Wp/sdh/حاجیخان نازری|حاجیخان نازری]] کردیە، وەلێ لەو دەورە دەنگی زەفت نەکریاس. تەنیا کارێگ ک لە حوسێن داودی زەفت بۊە، ئجراێگە وەگەرد [[Wp/sdh/تار|تار]] حاجیخان نازری ک وە شێوەێ ناشیاێگ زەفت بۊە و لەو کاتە فرەتر لە ٥٠ ساڵ داشتێە. * دەسگاێ ماھوور (لە ئاڵبۆم ڕەوایەت ئاوازی لە وسایەیل زۊنەێ ئێران-١؛ لە بێھمەن کازمی) == سەرچەم == * نظافتی، ایرج. ١٣٧٧. ''تاریخ موسیقی کرمانشاه''، با مقدمۀ استاد حشمت الله مسنن، کرماشان: طاقبستان، چاپ اول؛ پ ٢١-٢٦. == بەستەر دەرەکی == * [https://beeptunes.com/track/36908585/دستگاه-ماهور دەسگاێ ماھوور لە کارەیل وەجێمەنی لە حوسێن داودی] [[Category:Wp/sdh]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/خەڵق کرماشان]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/گوورانیچڕەیل]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/ژیاننامە]] ===زەمان=== حوسێن داودی زۆربەی گۆرانیەیل خوەی بە گویشەی کرماشانی خوەند و زۆرجار دەسگاکان و مەقامە مۆسیقاخانەی ئێرانەی لەکاربرد. gyv08mrdrd3f123o8y2s306smvhu4xe 6707368 6707367 2025-07-11T08:28:20Z EditorFX 2607622 6707368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''حوسێن داودی''' (١٩٠١ لە [[Wp/sdh/کرماشان|کرماشان]] - ١٩٧٨ لە [[Wp/sdh/قوم|قوم]]) ئاوازخوەن، موسیقازان، [[Wp/sdh/تەعزیە|تەعزیەخوەن]] و [[Wp/sdh/ئاخوەن|ئاخوەن]] بۊە. وسایەیل مووسیقاێ ئێران جوور [[Wp/sdh/ئەبوڵحەسەن سەبا|ئەبوڵحەسەن سەبا]] و [[Wp/sdh/دەرویش خان|دەرویش خان]] ک دەنگ حوسێن داودی شنەفتنە گشتیان دان وە خوەشدەنگی و شارەزایی ئەۊ لە ئاواز دانانە. == ژیان == حوسێن داودی لە ساڵ ١٩٠١ لە [[Wp/sdh/کرماشان|کرماشان]] لە داڵگ پێیا بۊ. بنەماڵەی مەزەوی بۊن و لەلاێ باوگی خوەنین [[Wp/sdh/قورئان|قورئان]] و [[Wp/sdh/تەعزیە|تەعزیە]] یاێ گرت. ھەلەێووا لەلاێ کەسێگ وە ناو ''شێخ چاوش'' شاگردی کرد. لە سەرەتاێ جوانی دەرس دینی خوەنی و بۊە [[Wp/sdh/ئاخوەن|ئاخوەن]] و تەنانەت جلوبەرگ ئاخوەنیش کردە وەر. ئەمانی شێوەێ تاکردنی وەگەرد ئاخوەنەیل ترەک جیاواز بۊ و فرەتر ھووگر وە مووسیقا و ھونەر عرفانی بۊ. لەو دەورە لە شانووەیل ئایینی جوور تەعزیە لە دەنگ خوەی ئەڕاێ نیشان داێن کەسایەتییەیل دیرووک دین ئسفادە کردیاد. وەدۊاێ وەھاز بۊن [[Wp/sdh/ڕزاخان|ڕزاخان پەھلەوی]] جلوبەرگ ئاخوەنی نادە لا. لەو دەورە جوور کارمەن مەزرینگەێ خەڵەێ کرماشان، بۊ وە نێابان [[Wp/sdh/سیلووێ گەنم کرماشان|سیلووێ گەنم کرماشان]]. حوسێن داودی شاگردەیل فرەێگ ئێمات کرد ک [[Wp/sdh/غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادەێ باوەنپوور|غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادەێ باوەنپوور]] و [[Wp/sdh/عەلیجان جاھد|عەلیجان جاھد]] لەوانە بۊن. حوسێن داودی لە ساڵ ١٩٧٨ (١٣٥٦ کووچی ھەتاوی) کووچ دۊایی کرد و وە سپارشت خوەی لە [[Wp/sdh/قەورسان فاتمەێ ماسوومە|قەورسان فاتمەێ ماسوومە]] لە شار [[Wp/sdh/قوم|قوم]] لە [[Wp/sdh/ئێران|ئێران]] وە خاک سپاریا. == کارەیل == حوسێن داودی لە سەردەم جەوانی ئجرایل فرەێگ لە کرماشان وەگەرد [[Wp/sdh/حاجیخان نازری|حاجیخان نازری]] کردیە، وەلێ لەو دەورە دەنگی زەفت نەکریاس. تەنیا کارێگ ک لە حوسێن داودی زەفت بۊە، ئجراێگە وەگەرد [[Wp/sdh/تار|تار]] حاجیخان نازری ک وە شێوەێ ناشیاێگ زەفت بۊە و لەو کاتە فرەتر لە ٥٠ ساڵ داشتێە. * دەسگاێ ماھوور (لە ئاڵبۆم ڕەوایەت ئاوازی لە وسایەیل زۊنەێ ئێران-١؛ لە بێھمەن کازمی) == سەرچەم == * نظافتی، ایرج. ١٣٧٧. ''تاریخ موسیقی کرمانشاه''، با مقدمۀ استاد حشمت الله مسنن، کرماشان: طاقبستان، چاپ اول؛ پ ٢١-٢٦. == بەستەر دەرەکی == * [https://beeptunes.com/track/36908585/دستگاه-ماهور دەسگاێ ماھوور لە کارەیل وەجێمەنی لە حوسێن داودی] [[Category:Wp/sdh]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/خەڵق کرماشان]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/گوورانیچڕەیل]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/ژیاننامە]] ===زەمان=== حوسێن داودی زۆربەی گۆرانیەیل خوەی بە گویشەی کرماشانی خوەند و زۆرجار دەسگاکان و مەقامە مۆسیقاخانەی ئێرانەی لەکاربرد. ===شاگردەیل ناوەنراو=== لە زانستی موسیقا و تەعزیە، حوسێن داودی شاگردە ناوەنراوەکان هاوبەش گەورە کرد: * غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادە * عەلیجان جاھد js6xxblflp2xizr6w9m7mqyxttgjrin 6707369 6707368 2025-07-11T08:28:41Z EditorFX 2607622 6707369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''حوسێن داودی''' (١٩٠١ لە [[Wp/sdh/کرماشان|کرماشان]] - ١٩٧٨ لە [[Wp/sdh/قوم|قوم]]) ئاوازخوەن، موسیقازان، [[Wp/sdh/تەعزیە|تەعزیەخوەن]] و [[Wp/sdh/ئاخوەن|ئاخوەن]] بۊە. وسایەیل مووسیقاێ ئێران جوور [[Wp/sdh/ئەبوڵحەسەن سەبا|ئەبوڵحەسەن سەبا]] و [[Wp/sdh/دەرویش خان|دەرویش خان]] ک دەنگ حوسێن داودی شنەفتنە گشتیان دان وە خوەشدەنگی و شارەزایی ئەۊ لە ئاواز دانانە. == ژیان == حوسێن داودی لە ساڵ ١٩٠١ لە [[Wp/sdh/کرماشان|کرماشان]] لە داڵگ پێیا بۊ. بنەماڵەی مەزەوی بۊن و لەلاێ باوگی خوەنین [[Wp/sdh/قورئان|قورئان]] و [[Wp/sdh/تەعزیە|تەعزیە]] یاێ گرت. ھەلەێووا لەلاێ کەسێگ وە ناو ''شێخ چاوش'' شاگردی کرد. لە سەرەتاێ جوانی دەرس دینی خوەنی و بۊە [[Wp/sdh/ئاخوەن|ئاخوەن]] و تەنانەت جلوبەرگ ئاخوەنیش کردە وەر. ئەمانی شێوەێ تاکردنی وەگەرد ئاخوەنەیل ترەک جیاواز بۊ و فرەتر ھووگر وە مووسیقا و ھونەر عرفانی بۊ. لەو دەورە لە شانووەیل ئایینی جوور تەعزیە لە دەنگ خوەی ئەڕاێ نیشان داێن کەسایەتییەیل دیرووک دین ئسفادە کردیاد. وەدۊاێ وەھاز بۊن [[Wp/sdh/ڕزاخان|ڕزاخان پەھلەوی]] جلوبەرگ ئاخوەنی نادە لا. لەو دەورە جوور کارمەن مەزرینگەێ خەڵەێ کرماشان، بۊ وە نێابان [[Wp/sdh/سیلووێ گەنم کرماشان|سیلووێ گەنم کرماشان]]. حوسێن داودی شاگردەیل فرەێگ ئێمات کرد ک [[Wp/sdh/غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادەێ باوەنپوور|غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادەێ باوەنپوور]] و [[Wp/sdh/عەلیجان جاھد|عەلیجان جاھد]] لەوانە بۊن. حوسێن داودی لە ساڵ ١٩٧٨ (١٣٥٦ کووچی ھەتاوی) کووچ دۊایی کرد و وە سپارشت خوەی لە [[Wp/sdh/قەورسان فاتمەێ ماسوومە|قەورسان فاتمەێ ماسوومە]] لە شار [[Wp/sdh/قوم|قوم]] لە [[Wp/sdh/ئێران|ئێران]] وە خاک سپاریا. == کارەیل == حوسێن داودی لە سەردەم جەوانی ئجرایل فرەێگ لە کرماشان وەگەرد [[Wp/sdh/حاجیخان نازری|حاجیخان نازری]] کردیە، وەلێ لەو دەورە دەنگی زەفت نەکریاس. تەنیا کارێگ ک لە حوسێن داودی زەفت بۊە، ئجراێگە وەگەرد [[Wp/sdh/تار|تار]] حاجیخان نازری ک وە شێوەێ ناشیاێگ زەفت بۊە و لەو کاتە فرەتر لە ٥٠ ساڵ داشتێە. * دەسگاێ ماھوور (لە ئاڵبۆم ڕەوایەت ئاوازی لە وسایەیل زۊنەێ ئێران-١؛ لە بێھمەن کازمی) == سەرچەم == * نظافتی، ایرج. ١٣٧٧. ''تاریخ موسیقی کرمانشاه''، با مقدمۀ استاد حشمت الله مسنن، کرماشان: طاقبستان، چاپ اول؛ پ ٢١-٢٦. == بەستەر دەرەکی == * [https://beeptunes.com/track/36908585/دستگاه-ماهور دەسگاێ ماھوور لە کارەیل وەجێمەنی لە حوسێن داودی] [[Category:Wp/sdh]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/خەڵق کرماشان]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/گوورانیچڕەیل]] [[Category:Wp/sdh/ژیاننامە]] ===زەمان=== حوسێن داودی زۆربەی گۆرانیەیل خوەی بە گویشەی کرماشانی خوەند و زۆرجار دەسگاکان و مەقامە مۆسیقاخانەی ئێرانەی لەکاربرد. ===شاگردەیل ناوەنراو=== لە زانستی موسیقا و تەعزیە، حوسێن داودی شاگردە ناوەنراوەکان هاوبەش گەورە کرد: * غوڵامڕزا یەعقووبزادە * عەلیجان جاھد ===یادگارێ گوتار=== حوسێن داودی بە شێوەێ نەگەلتی، بایەخ گەورە دان ب مووسیقا و ڕۆحەنیایەتی ناو باکوری لورستان و کرماشان. ئەو لە زنجیرەی پێشەنگەیل تەعزیە و ڕەوایەتێ ئاوازخانەی ئێراندا دەسکەوتێ ناوەنراو زانراو. su0nylgnywqbd4kvo1mpw8wn9xjv6zl 0 3366214 6707316 5965580 2025-07-11T05:25:46Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added info 6707316 wikitext text/x-wiki == తెనాలి రామకృష్ణుడు == తెనాలి రామకృష్ణుడు శ్రీ కృష్ణదేవరాయలు ఆస్థానం త కవీంద్రులు. స్మార్థం శాఖ త నియోగి బ్రాహ్మణ ఖన్ధాన్ ఉత్ ఫుట్ తెంద్.అష్టదిగ్గజముత్ సుప్రసిద్ధు.ఇంనున్ తెనాలి రామలింగ కవి ఇన్స గిన ఇన్సార్.అవిభాజ్య విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్య చరిత్రత్ ఇంన్ద్ ఒకో కరే మనకక్.మొదల్ సాధ మనకక్ అనేక రామకృష్ణులు,కాళీమాత వర ప్రసాదం వాలాడ్ కవిశ్వరుంద్ ఎద్దేంద్. సోయత కావ్య వైతేంద్ గని తెలుగు వాలెలుంగ్ ఇంన్ద్ ఎక్వా కాయన్గ్ గలేక కవిలాంగ్ ఎర్క.ఇమెనుంగ్ వికటకవి ఇన్స బిరుదు అంసాద్. (ఇతి వికటత్వం ఇంతే ఉదారత ఇన్స గిన అర్థం వర్సద్).అమనున్ పోదే ఎన్నిగో కథ ఆంధ్ర దేశం సిమన ప్రాచుర్యం ఉత్ అన్సా.మొదల్ రామకృష్ణుడి నే పాడి గార్లపాటి ఇస,తెనాలి తన వత్తదుంగ్ వాలాడ్ వెనకత కాలమూత్ తెనాలి ఎద్దీన్ ఇన్స ఒకో నానుడి.సత్తెనపల్లి మండలం త లక్కారాజుగార్లపాడు ఊర్ త గార్లపాటి రామయ్య, లక్ష్మాంబ లూంగ్ ఫుట్ తాంద్ రామలింగయ్య. అమ్నె దాదాక్ సుదక్షణ పరిణయం వైతా అప్పన్న కవి.ఇమెనుంగ్ ఇద్దర్ అన్నకేర్ వరరాఘవ కవి,దాదాక్.రామకృష్ణుడ్ నే ఫుట్ ఊర్ తెనాలి.రామలింగయ్య దాదాక్,దాదాక్ నే బంద్ గార్లపాడు తి బాత్క్ తేర్.పంగి ఊర్ బొడ్రాయి అనేక ఏరియతి రామకృష్ణులే ఎల్లా అంద్ ఇస ఊరరే నమ్మకం. సా.శ.1514 తన 1575 నెంగ్ రామలింగయ్య బాత్క్ తెంద్.చిన్నమ్ అనెంగయ్ అమ్మ బాన్ద్ తిక్తాదున్ వాలాడ్ కాస మామక్ తెనాలి తూములురుంగ్ తొడ సెద్ధేర్. అత్తిని అవర్ వెంటని శాడా బుద్ధి కరప్ తెంద్. == రచనలు == ఉద్భటారాధ్య చరిత్ర ఘటికాచల మహత్మ్యము పాండురంగ మహత్మ్యము ఉద్భటారాధ్య చరిత్ర ఉద్భటుడు ఇనేక యతి గాథ.ఘటికాచల మహత్మ్యము తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రం వేలూరు మండలం త ఘటికాచల ( పంగి షోలింగురు ) క్షేత్రం ఉత్ అనేక శ్రీ నరసింహ స్వామిన్ ఇడసా వైతా కావ్యం. పాండురంగ మహత్మ్యము స్కాంద పురాణము త విట్టలున్ మహాత్మ్యాలు,ఇంకోకో పాండురంగ భక్తులే చరిత్ర సంపుటం. == అలభ్య రచనలు == కందర్పకేతు విలాసము హరిలీలా విలాసము ఇధ అలభ్య గ్రంథము.జగ్గన గారి ప్రబంధ రత్నాకరము త కొన్ని పద్య వాలాడ్ ఈ గ్రంథ వివరాలు ఎర్క వర్సా. == శైలి == తెనాలి వాలే ప్రబంధ శైలిన్ పాటించనేర్.ఇంకా అవరె కవిత్వం ఉత్ హాస్యము,వ్యంగ్యము కలపుత్ అన్సా. చాటువులు ఇవీర్ చాటువుల్ ఇడ్డేకతి గుల్ ఉసర్. === సాహిత్య వారసత్వం === * ఆయన రచనలపై విశ్వవిద్యాలయాల్లో పరిశోధనలు సాగుతున్నాయి. * కలాపూర్ణోదయం, ప్రభావతి ప్రసాద వంటి రచనలు విశేష ప్రాశస్త్యాన్ని పొందినవి. * తాత్విక భావాలు, సామాజిక సందేశంతో కూడిన రచనలు తరువాతి కవులకు మార్గనిర్దేశకంగా నిలిచాయి. * సూరనను చాలామంది తెలుగు మేధావులు ఆదర్శ కవిగా పేర్కొంటారు. === తుదిశబ్దం === పింగళి సూరన కేవలం కవి మాత్రమే కాకుండా తాత్వికదృష్టితో కూడిన రచయిత. ఆయన రచనలు తెలుగు సాహిత్య సముద్రంలో చిరస్థాయిగా నిలిచాయి. == అల్లసాని పెద్దన వాలెలాడ్ == ఒకో మాట్ అల్లసాని పెద్దన వాలే ఒకో కవితత్ "అమావశ్యనిశీ"ఇన్ ఛందస్సున్ సటి "అమవసనిసి" ఇన్స వాడెన్గా అదున్గ్ రామలింగకవి ఇడ్త గుల్ సోయత చాటువు, ఏమి తిని సెపితివి కపితము బెమ పడి వెరి పుచ్చకాయ మరి తిని సెపితో ఉమెతకాయలు తిని సెపితో అమవస నిసి యనుచు నేడు అలసాని పెదనా || ఇతి "అలసని" ఇన్స హేళన ఇదర్సా,అమవసనిసి ఇనేకాద్ స్వచ్ఛత తోసేట పదం ఇస కవీంద్రులు ఘాటుగా సుట్టి సితేంద్. == ధూర్జటి వాలెలాడ్ == ధూర్జటి వాలెలున్ స్తుతిస్తూ రాయలు : స్తుతమతి ఎద్ద ఆంధ్ర కవి ధూర్జటి పల్కుల కేల కల్గెనీ యతులిత మాధురి మహిమ ? అదున్గ్ రామకృష్ణుడు నే చమత్కార్ జబాబ్ : హ తెలిసేన్ ! భువనైక మోహనో ద్ధత సుకుమారా వార వనిత జనతా ఘన తాప హరి సం తత మధురాదరోధగత సుధా రస ధారాల గ్రోలుటం జుమీ!! ఇన్స ధూర్జటి వాలే వేశ్యా సాంగత్యం ఉన్ ఎత్తుత్ ఇడ్ తెంద్. [[Category:Wp/nit]] 6sc1uz5l4lx4w1b2t24w0vm4j9kn4h2 6707317 6707316 2025-07-11T05:26:27Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info 6707317 wikitext text/x-wiki == తెనాలి రామకృష్ణుడు == తెనాలి రామకృష్ణుడు శ్రీ కృష్ణదేవరాయలు ఆస్థానం త కవీంద్రులు. స్మార్థం శాఖ త నియోగి బ్రాహ్మణ ఖన్ధాన్ ఉత్ ఫుట్ తెంద్.అష్టదిగ్గజముత్ సుప్రసిద్ధు.ఇంనున్ తెనాలి రామలింగ కవి ఇన్స గిన ఇన్సార్.అవిభాజ్య విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్య చరిత్రత్ ఇంన్ద్ ఒకో కరే మనకక్.మొదల్ సాధ మనకక్ అనేక రామకృష్ణులు,కాళీమాత వర ప్రసాదం వాలాడ్ కవిశ్వరుంద్ ఎద్దేంద్. సోయత కావ్య వైతేంద్ గని తెలుగు వాలెలుంగ్ ఇంన్ద్ ఎక్వా కాయన్గ్ గలేక కవిలాంగ్ ఎర్క.ఇమెనుంగ్ వికటకవి ఇన్స బిరుదు అంసాద్. (ఇతి వికటత్వం ఇంతే ఉదారత ఇన్స గిన అర్థం వర్సద్).అమనున్ పోదే ఎన్నిగో కథ ఆంధ్ర దేశం సిమన ప్రాచుర్యం ఉత్ అన్సా.మొదల్ రామకృష్ణుడి నే పాడి గార్లపాటి ఇస,తెనాలి తన వత్తదుంగ్ వాలాడ్ వెనకత కాలమూత్ తెనాలి ఎద్దీన్ ఇన్స ఒకో నానుడి.సత్తెనపల్లి మండలం త లక్కారాజుగార్లపాడు ఊర్ త గార్లపాటి రామయ్య, లక్ష్మాంబ లూంగ్ ఫుట్ తాంద్ రామలింగయ్య. అమ్నె దాదాక్ సుదక్షణ పరిణయం వైతా అప్పన్న కవి.ఇమెనుంగ్ ఇద్దర్ అన్నకేర్ వరరాఘవ కవి,దాదాక్.రామకృష్ణుడ్ నే ఫుట్ ఊర్ తెనాలి.రామలింగయ్య దాదాక్,దాదాక్ నే బంద్ గార్లపాడు తి బాత్క్ తేర్.పంగి ఊర్ బొడ్రాయి అనేక ఏరియతి రామకృష్ణులే ఎల్లా అంద్ ఇస ఊరరే నమ్మకం. సా.శ.1514 తన 1575 నెంగ్ రామలింగయ్య బాత్క్ తెంద్.చిన్నమ్ అనెంగయ్ అమ్మ బాన్ద్ తిక్తాదున్ వాలాడ్ కాస మామక్ తెనాలి తూములురుంగ్ తొడ సెద్ధేర్. అత్తిని అవర్ వెంటని శాడా బుద్ధి కరప్ తెంద్. == రచనలు == ఉద్భటారాధ్య చరిత్ర ఘటికాచల మహత్మ్యము పాండురంగ మహత్మ్యము ఉద్భటారాధ్య చరిత్ర ఉద్భటుడు ఇనేక యతి గాథ.ఘటికాచల మహత్మ్యము తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రం వేలూరు మండలం త ఘటికాచల ( పంగి షోలింగురు ) క్షేత్రం ఉత్ అనేక శ్రీ నరసింహ స్వామిన్ ఇడసా వైతా కావ్యం. పాండురంగ మహత్మ్యము స్కాంద పురాణము త విట్టలున్ మహాత్మ్యాలు,ఇంకోకో పాండురంగ భక్తులే చరిత్ర సంపుటం. == అలభ్య రచనలు == కందర్పకేతు విలాసము హరిలీలా విలాసము ఇధ అలభ్య గ్రంథము.జగ్గన గారి ప్రబంధ రత్నాకరము త కొన్ని పద్య వాలాడ్ ఈ గ్రంథ వివరాలు ఎర్క వర్సా. == శైలి == తెనాలి వాలే ప్రబంధ శైలిన్ పాటించనేర్.ఇంకా అవరె కవిత్వం ఉత్ హాస్యము,వ్యంగ్యము కలపుత్ అన్సా. చాటువులు ఇవీర్ చాటువుల్ ఇడ్డేకతి గుల్ ఉసర్. == సాహిత్య వారసత్వం == * ఆయన రచనలపై విశ్వవిద్యాలయాల్లో పరిశోధనలు సాగుతున్నాయి. * కలాపూర్ణోదయం, ప్రభావతి ప్రసాద వంటి రచనలు విశేష ప్రాశస్త్యాన్ని పొందినవి. * తాత్విక భావాలు, సామాజిక సందేశంతో కూడిన రచనలు తరువాతి కవులకు మార్గనిర్దేశకంగా నిలిచాయి. * సూరనను చాలామంది తెలుగు మేధావులు ఆదర్శ కవిగా పేర్కొంటారు. == తుదిశబ్దం == పింగళి సూరన కేవలం కవి మాత్రమే కాకుండా తాత్వికదృష్టితో కూడిన రచయిత. ఆయన రచనలు తెలుగు సాహిత్య సముద్రంలో చిరస్థాయిగా నిలిచాయి. == అల్లసాని పెద్దన వాలెలాడ్ == ఒకో మాట్ అల్లసాని పెద్దన వాలే ఒకో కవితత్ "అమావశ్యనిశీ"ఇన్ ఛందస్సున్ సటి "అమవసనిసి" ఇన్స వాడెన్గా అదున్గ్ రామలింగకవి ఇడ్త గుల్ సోయత చాటువు, ఏమి తిని సెపితివి కపితము బెమ పడి వెరి పుచ్చకాయ మరి తిని సెపితో ఉమెతకాయలు తిని సెపితో అమవస నిసి యనుచు నేడు అలసాని పెదనా || ఇతి "అలసని" ఇన్స హేళన ఇదర్సా,అమవసనిసి ఇనేకాద్ స్వచ్ఛత తోసేట పదం ఇస కవీంద్రులు ఘాటుగా సుట్టి సితేంద్. == ధూర్జటి వాలెలాడ్ == ధూర్జటి వాలెలున్ స్తుతిస్తూ రాయలు : స్తుతమతి ఎద్ద ఆంధ్ర కవి ధూర్జటి పల్కుల కేల కల్గెనీ యతులిత మాధురి మహిమ ? అదున్గ్ రామకృష్ణుడు నే చమత్కార్ జబాబ్ : హ తెలిసేన్ ! భువనైక మోహనో ద్ధత సుకుమారా వార వనిత జనతా ఘన తాప హరి సం తత మధురాదరోధగత సుధా రస ధారాల గ్రోలుటం జుమీ!! ఇన్స ధూర్జటి వాలే వేశ్యా సాంగత్యం ఉన్ ఎత్తుత్ ఇడ్ తెంద్. [[Category:Wp/nit]] obs0i4u2hewvtuxa4519uyu004lamuh 0 3366848 6707307 6086883 2025-07-11T05:16:30Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info 6707307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''పద్మశ్రీ''' (ఆంగ్లం : Padma Shri) భారత సర్కార్ సి ఏక పౌరపురస్కారం. ఎన్నో రంగుల కళ, విద్య, పరిశ్రమలు, సాహిత్యం, శాస్త్రం, క్రీడలు, సామాజిక సేవ, సిమ్మనతి సేవ ఇదర్ త రుంగ్ ప్రాథమికంగా సియేక పౌరపురస్కారం.పౌర పురస్కారాలత్తి ఇద్ నాలుగవ స్తానముత్ అంసాద్. అత్యున్నత పురస్కారం భారతరత్న, రెండవద్ పద్మ విభూషణ్ మూడవద్ పద్మ భూషణ్, నాలుగవద్ పద్మశ్రీ. ఈ పురస్కారం పతకమ్ రూపముత్ అంసాద్, ఇదున్ పోదే దేవనాగరి లిపీఠ్ "పద్మ" "శ్రీ"లు వ్రాయూత్  అంసాద్. ఈ పురస్కారామూన్ 1954లో స్థాపన ఇదర్ తెర్. 2010 దుక్, మొత్తం 2336మంది పౌరులు ఈ పురస్కారం ఎక్ తెర్. * పద్మశ్రీ భారతదేశంలో నాలుగవ అత్యున్నత పౌర పురస్కారం. * ఇది భారత ప్రభుత్వం ఇచ్చే గౌరవప్రదమైన చిహ్నాలలో ఒకటి. * ఈ పురస్కారం కళలు, సాహిత్యం, విద్య, క్రీడలు, వైద్యం, సామాజిక సేవ, ప్రజాసేవ, శాస్త్రవిజ్ఞానం, ప్రజా వ్యవహారాలు వంటి విభాగాల్లో విశిష్ట సేవలు అందించిన వారికి ప్రదానం చేయబడుతుంది. * ప్రతి సంవత్సరం రిపబ్లిక్ డే (జనవరి 26) సందర్భంగా ప్రకటిస్తారు. * పురస్కారంగా ఒక తామ్రపత్రం (bronze medallion), ఒక ప్రశంసాపత్రం అందజేయబడుతుంది. * ఇది పద్మ అవార్డుల శ్రేణిలో నాలుగవ స్థానం: * భారత రత్న * పద్మ విభూషణ్ * పద్మ భూషణ్ * పద్మశ్రీ * పురస్కారాన్ని భారత రాష్ట్రపతి రాజ్‌పథ్‌లో జరిగిన అధికారిక కార్యక్రమంలో ప్రదానం చేస్తారు. * ఈ పురస్కారానికి ఎటువంటి నజరానా అవసరం లేదు – ఇది పూర్తిగా నిష్కపటంగా ప్రభుత్వం ఎంచుకునే అభ్యర్థులకు మాత్రమే లభిస్తుంది. * ప్రతీ సంవత్సరం సుమారు 100కి పైగా వ్యక్తులకు ఈ పురస్కారం లభిస్తుంది. * పద్మ అవార్డులు జాతీయ గౌరవాన్ని ప్రతిబింబించే గుర్తింపు గా భావించబడతాయి. * పురస్కారాన్ని జీవితకాలపు సేవలు లేదా అసాధారణ కృషికి గుర్తింపుగా ప్రదానం చేస్తారు. [[Category:Wp/nit]] agd0llkmcl0yqpws6fchelw9c8fi043 6707308 6707307 2025-07-11T05:17:11Z Jaganeddala 2607848 edit 6707308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''పద్మశ్రీ''' (ఆంగ్లం : Padma Shri) భారత సర్కార్ సి ఏక పౌరపురస్కారం. ఎన్నో రంగుల కళ, విద్య, పరిశ్రమలు, సాహిత్యం, శాస్త్రం, క్రీడలు, సామాజిక సేవ, సిమ్మనతి సేవ ఇదర్ త రుంగ్ ప్రాథమికంగా సియేక పౌరపురస్కారం.పౌర పురస్కారాలత్తి ఇద్ నాలుగవ స్తానముత్ అంసాద్. అత్యున్నత పురస్కారం భారతరత్న, రెండవద్ పద్మ విభూషణ్ మూడవద్ పద్మ భూషణ్, నాలుగవద్ పద్మశ్రీ. ఈ పురస్కారం పతకమ్ రూపముత్ అంసాద్, ఇదున్ పోదే దేవనాగరి లిపీఠ్ "పద్మ" "శ్రీ"లు వ్రాయూత్  అంసాద్. ఈ పురస్కారామూన్ 1954లో స్థాపన ఇదర్ తెర్. 2010 దుక్, మొత్తం 2336మంది పౌరులు ఈ పురస్కారం ఎక్ తెర్. * పద్మశ్రీ భారతదేశంలో నాలుగవ అత్యున్నత పౌర పురస్కారం. * ఇది భారత ప్రభుత్వం ఇచ్చే గౌరవప్రదమైన చిహ్నాలలో ఒకటి. * ఈ పురస్కారం కళలు, సాహిత్యం, విద్య, క్రీడలు, వైద్యం, సామాజిక సేవ, ప్రజాసేవ, శాస్త్రవిజ్ఞానం, ప్రజా వ్యవహారాలు వంటి విభాగాల్లో విశిష్ట సేవలు అందించిన వారికి ప్రదానం చేయబడుతుంది. * ప్రతి సంవత్సరం రిపబ్లిక్ డే (జనవరి 26) సందర్భంగా ప్రకటిస్తారు. * పురస్కారంగా ఒక తామ్రపత్రం (bronze medallion), ఒక ప్రశంసాపత్రం అందజేయబడుతుంది. * ఇది పద్మ అవార్డుల శ్రేణిలో నాలుగవ స్థానం: 1. భారత రత్న 2. పద్మ విభూషణ్ 3. పద్మ భూషణ్ 4. పద్మశ్రీ * పురస్కారాన్ని భారత రాష్ట్రపతి రాజ్‌పథ్‌లో జరిగిన అధికారిక కార్యక్రమంలో ప్రదానం చేస్తారు. * ఈ పురస్కారానికి ఎటువంటి నజరానా అవసరం లేదు – ఇది పూర్తిగా నిష్కపటంగా ప్రభుత్వం ఎంచుకునే అభ్యర్థులకు మాత్రమే లభిస్తుంది. * ప్రతీ సంవత్సరం సుమారు 100కి పైగా వ్యక్తులకు ఈ పురస్కారం లభిస్తుంది. * పద్మ అవార్డులు జాతీయ గౌరవాన్ని ప్రతిబింబించే గుర్తింపు గా భావించబడతాయి. * పురస్కారాన్ని జీవితకాలపు సేవలు లేదా అసాధారణ కృషికి గుర్తింపుగా ప్రదానం చేస్తారు. [[Category:Wp/nit]] q8s0fak7mwv09fu93uvpgjxd5uj17j8 0 3367406 6707035 5827062 2025-07-10T18:50:31Z 2400:8480:2114:7A52:1850:F77F:B85:9B9E ချစ်တယ် 6707035 wikitext text/x-wiki ==(က) == ကျိုးကျိုးနွံနွံ<===>ခဇာ့ဝတ္တ(ခစားဝတ္တ) ကြမ်းကြမ်းတမ်းတမ်းဆဲဆိုတယ် <===> အောက်သားခြင်းဆဲရေ ကြိုးဒဏ်ပေးတယ် <===>ဖင်ချိတ်တိုက်တေ ကစားကြတယ် <===>ကဇပ်ကြတ်တေ ကပြောင်းကပြန် <===>ချလောင်းချလာ ကားတိုက်တေ<===> မော်တော်အက်တေ ကွဲအက်သွားတယ်<===> ပြိုက်လားခရေ ကျပ်တေ <===>ပျိုက်တေ ကတိုက်ကရိုက် <===>တောင်တလောင် မောင်တလောင် ကိုယ်လက်မအီမသာ <===>ရောင်းသီရောင်းဖတ် ကြောက်စရာ<===> ကကြောက်ထမန်း ကန်တော့ကြတယ် <===>ရှိခိုးကြတ်တေ ကြံကြံဖန်ဖန်<===> အောက်စစပ် ကသီလင်တ <===>ခပုတ်ခသီ ကမြင်းကြောထတယ် <===>လလွတက်နီရေ၊ ဖဖြတ်တီးနီရေ ကပိုကယို <===>မမြင်မအင် ကြိမ်းသွားတယ်<===> ငြိုးလခရေ ကူလီကူမာ <===>ကလိမ်ကကောက်၊ ဂလိမ့်ဂလိမ့် (စိတ်)ကုတ်တေ <===>ကကုတ်ဆဆာ ကတ်ကတ်သတ်သတ် <===>တတောက်ငငတ် ကဲ့ရဲ့တယ် <===>သရော်ရေ ကျီစားတယ် <===>မြံှုရေ ကံကောင်းလို့၊ ဘုရားမလို့ <===>အဗြင်းဗြင်း ကြွားဝါနေတယ်<===> ဘောရိတ်ပိုက်နီရေ ကြောက်ဒူးတုန်တယ် <===>ချနုန့်တုန်ရေ ကန်တယ် <===>ကျောက်တေ ==(ခ)ချစ်တယ် == ခြေထိုးတယ် <===>ခခင်ပိုက်တယ်၊ ခလိမ်ကျိုက်တေ ခလေးကို ချော့ထားပါ <===>အသျှေကို ပျာထားလိုက် ခြေမကိုင်မိ၊ လက်မကိုင်မိ<===> ခြီမကျ၊ လက်မကျ ခုတ်တေ <===>ခွတ်တေ ခြေပစ်လက်ပစ်လဲလျောင်းနေတယ် <===>တုံးဂလုံးဖင်ဂလင် လှဲနီရေ ထင်မိထင်ရာ လုပ်နေတယ် <===>ဗရဗရီလုပ်နီရေ ခ ယတယ် <===>ခါ့ဇပ်တေ ခတောင်းကျိုက်တယ် <===>လောကျိုက်တေ၊ လဘော်ကျိုက်တေ ခဏကလေး <===>တနားသျှေ၊ တအောင့်သျှေ ခင်မင်ရင်းနှီးစွာ<===> ပလူးပလဲ ချာလပတ်လည်သွားတယ် <===>ကျလာဗလာမွိလခရေ ချိုးချိုးဖဲ့ဖဲ့ပြောတယ်<===> ပိုးစိုးပက်စက်ပြောရေ ခပ်ပြုံးပြုံး <===>ပပြုံ့သသွင်၊ ခပြုံခသွင် ခပ်ကြီးကြီး <===>အကြီးမာ့သန် ရှိုးထုတ်တယ် <===>ဂိုက်ထုတ်တေ ခဏခဏ<===> ခသွေလဲသော့ ဂုလဲ့သော့ ခဲနှင့်ပေါက်တယ် <===>လက်ခတ်ပိုက်တေ၊ လက်ခဲပိုက်တေ ခြေခွင်သွားတယ် <===>ဂေါ်ယီ၊ ဂွာယာလားရေ ==(ဂ) == ဂျောက်(ချောက်)တွန်းတယ် <===>တောင်ဆင်းမရေ ဂုံညင်းထိုးကြတယ်<===> ဒိုးကဇပ်ကြတ်တေ ဂျွမ်းပစ်တေ <===>ဂျွမ်းထိုးရေ ဂျက်ထိုးတယ် <===>ဂလန့်ခံရေ ==(င) == ငုတ်တုတ်ထိုင်နေတယ် <===>ဆောင့်ခြောင့်ထိုင်နီရေ ငယ်သံပါအောင် ဟစ်သည် <===>ကျွီးရေ ငံတယ် <===>တတက်ငံ၊ ငံဒရေ ငယ်သေးတယ်<===> အသျှေသိ ==(စ) == စာမေးပွဲကျတယ် <===>စာစိုက်ယှူရေ စွပ်စွဲတယ် <===>ယိုးရေ စည်းကမ်းမရှိထင်သလိုနေတယ် <===>ဘုံးဘောလဝေါနီရေ စေခိုင်းတယ် <===>စီစပ်တေ စည်းမဲ့ကမ်းမဲ့ <===>ဗရမ်းဗက်ကျိ၊ ဗြန်းစိကာရ၊ ဗရုတ်သုတ်ခ စော်စော်ကားကား <===>ရွန့်ဂီရွန့်ဂါး စပ်ဖြဲဖြဲ<===> ကြဲဇီကြဲဇဲ စိတ်မပါတပါ <===>ဖန်သီဖန်သတ် စက်ဆုပ်ဖွယ်ရာ<===> ရွံကောင်းထမန်း စကားပလီပလာပြောတယ် <===>ပလီစိချောက်ချက်ပြောရေ စမ်းတဝါးဝါး<===> စမ်းဖိစမ်းဖန်း စေးတယ် <===>ပျောင်းရေ စော်စော်ကားကား <===>မလုပ်နဲ့ ယီးတီးယားတား မလုပ်ကဲ့ စိတ်ပေါ့(ဖောက်)နေတယ်<===> စိတ်ယော့နီရေ စိတ်ဆိုးနေတယ်<===> မာန်ပါနီရေ စုံစမ်းတယ် <===>စနည်းနာရေ စေ့စေ့စုံစုံ <===>အစိအဆန် စိတ်ခုထားတယ် <===>အကောက်ကိုင်ရေ စော်စော်ကဲကဲ <===>ငငြော်တတော် စကားပြောကဲတယ် <===>စကားပြောငြော်ရေ စကားကြွယ်တယ်<===> စကားတတ်တေ စကားတင်းပြောတယ်<===> အခြင်းပြောရေ စကားစပ်စုတယ် <===>စကစရှာရေ ==(ဆ) == ဆင်ကန်းတောတိုးမလုပ်နဲ့ <===>တောင်ဆင်းရကျ မလုပ်ကေ့ (ဗိုက်)ဆာတယ်<===> မွတ်တေ ဆဲဆိုတယ် <===>ကော်ဆဲရေ ဆူဆူညံညံ ဖြစ်နေတယ် <===>ကျီရောင်ဘာရောင် ခတ်နီရေ ဆူဆူညံညံ နေကြတယ် <===>သသောင်းကြီးရိုက်လို့ ဆီမီးပူဇော်ကြတယ် <===>ဖရားမီးထွန်းကြတ်တေ ဆန့်သေးတယ် <===>ကန်သိယင့် ဆူဆူပူပူလုပ်မနေနဲ့ <===>ပူဆိပူဆာလုပ်မနီကေ့ ဆေးလိပ်တစ်ဖွာလောက်<===> တချိတ်လောက်၊ တတုတ်လောက် ဆွမ်းဘုဉ်းပေးနေတယ် <===>ဆွမ်းစားနီရေ ==(ဇ) == ဇောလွန်တယ်<===> ဗျာယကြီးရေ၊ ဇောကြီးရေ၊ လောကြီးရေ ဇီဇာကျယ်တယ် <===>ဇဂါကျယ်ရေ၊ ဂျီးများရေ ဇာဝီ <===>ဝက်ဝူ ဇော်ဂျီတောင်ဝှေးပင်<===> ပြိုင်ထောင်မွိပင် ==(ဈ) == ဈေးဦးပေါက် <===>ကန်တူကန်တာ ဈေးကြီးတယ် <===>ခက်တေ ဈေးပေါတယ်ဈေးဦးပေါက် <===>ကန်တူကန်တာ ဈေးကြီးတယ် <===>ခက်တေ ဈေးပေါတယ်၊ ဈေးချိုတယ်<===> တန်ရေ ဈေးဝယ်သွားတယ် <===>ဈီးပြုလားရေ ဈေးဝယ်ပစ္စည်း <===>ဈီးပြုဝန်ဆန် ဈေးဆစ်တယ် <===>ဈီးပြတ်တေ ==(ည) == ညည်းညူနေတယ် <===>ကြိုင်းနီရေ ညစ်ပတ်တယ် <===>စုတ်ပဲ့ရေ ==(တ) == တကယ်လိုလို <===>အဟုတ်အဟတ်၊ အဟုတ်အဟန်း တံမျက်လှဲသည် <===>အိမ်လှဲရေ တဖြတ်ဖြတ်ခုန်နေတယ် <===>တထောက်ခုန်နီရေ တကိုယ်တည်း <===>လုံးချင်းတေး၊ လုံးချင်း တွန်းသည် <===>တိုးသည် တပိုတပါးသွားတယ် <===>နောက်ဖေးလားနီရေ၊ တောလားနီရေ တိုးတိုးပြောတယ် <===>တတိတ်သျှေ ပြောရေ တော်ရုံတန်ရုံနှင့် <===>သင့်မိသင့်ရောင်နန့် တမင်တကာ <===>တသီးတမန်၊ အတလိပ် တဇောက်ကန်း <===>တစူးထိုး၊ ထိုးကန်း တစ်စတစ်စနွမ်းလာတယ် <===>တဆတ်ဆတ်ပိလာရေ တိုလီမိုလီ <===>အတိုအစ၊ ပစီကရာ တောက်တိုမယ်ရ <===>အစီဇပ် အပါဇပ် တကူးတက<===> ကြကြိုးကြကြန်၊ ကြိုးစားမင်းစား၊ ကြိုးစားပန်းစား တဖိတ်ဖိတ်တောက်နေတယ် <===>လလဲ့ခတ်နီရေ၊ လိတ်လက်ခတ်နီရေ တိကျသေချာစွာ <===>စစိကကုတ်၊ ဖရစိတွင်းကျ တွေ့ရာမြင်ရာ <===>တောင်စိဗရနန်း၊ ဆိတ်ဆောက်ကရောက် တိုတိုတုတ်တုတ်<===> ပြွတ်တိပြွတ်တောက် တံတွေးထွေးတယ် <===>စွန်းသီးပိုက်တေ စိုက်စိုက်မတ်မတ် <===>ဇဇူးစစိုက် တားဆီးသည် <===>ဟန့်ရေ ==(ထ) == ထွေထွေရာရာ <===>ထွိမိထွိရာ ထိတ်ထိတ်လန့်လန့်<===> ကကြောက်လလန့် ထီပေါက်တယ် <===>လောင်ဘော်ပေါက်တေ ထိတ်ချာ <===>ဂါလံဖျား ထပ်တလဲလဲ <===>ယက်ပြတ်ယက်ပြတ်၊ ဂရိဂရိ ထုံးတမ်းစဉ်လာ <===>အစိုင်အလာ၊ စလိဇလာ ထိုမကျ ဒီမကျ <===>ဇဂိုးဇက၊ ငပိုင်းကိုင်းတန် ==(ဒ) == ဒါဏ်ရိုက်တယ်<===> ဒါဏ်တတ်တေ၊ အယာ်ကျရေ ဒုန်းစီးနေကြတယ် <===>ယိုင်းထိုးနီကြတတ်တေ ဒင်းဒင်းပြည့် <===>ဘဘုန်းပြည့်၊ ဒဒိုင်းပြည့် ဒါးရှတယ် <===>ဒါးပြတ်တေ ဒိုးဒိုးဒေါက်ဒေါက် <===>ဓားကေဓား၊ ဝါးကေဝါး ဒုက္ခရှာလို့ <===>ဂရိဂထရှာလို့ ဒုက္ခတွေ့တယ် <===>ရဟုဆိုက်တေ ==(န) == နှုတ်ကြမ်းရေ <===>ပဇာ့ယုတ်တေ နှုတ်သရမ်းရေ <===>ပဇာ့မျောက်တေ နင်တို့တတွေ<===> နင်ရို့တိ၊ အယိုးရို့၊ ဟေရို့ နောက်ထပ်နည်းနည်းပေး <===>အရာတစိသျှေ၊ စကေသျှေပီး နီနီရဲရဲ ကျာကျာရဲ၊ <===>တစ်တွတ်နီ၊ ရရဲတစ်တောက် နမော်နမဲ့ <===>နမိနမော၊ မောသီမောသတ် နှေးတယ်<===> ကြာရေ နွမ်းတယ် <===>ညောရေ နှလုံးမြေကျထိုင်နေတယ် <===>ပပိထိုင်နီရေ နီးနီးကပ်လို့ <===>တတက်ကပ်လိုက် နတ်ဗေဒင်မေးတယ် <===>ဆန်ခွက်ကြည့်ရေ နှိပ်စက်တယ် <===>ညှိဆဲရေ ==(ပ) == ပါရှိသမျှ ပစ္စည်း(ကုန်) အကုန်လုံးဝယ်တယ်<===> ချွတ်တေ ပက်လက်အိပ်တယ်<===> ထလန်းဂါးအိပ်တေ ပြောင်ချော်ချော်ရုပ်<===> ပြုတ်မနူးရုပ် ပြေပြေပြစ်ပြစ်<===> ပပိုက်နနိုက် ပျာလောင်ခတ်နေတယ်<===> ယောက်ယက်သတ်နီရေ ပိန်ပိန်ပါးပါး <===>ရိုးဇီရိုးဇောက် ပွက်ပွက်ဆူနေတယ်<===> ကျွကျွက်ဆူနီရေ ပြုစားတယ် <===>ဆီးပြုရေ ပြုံးပြုံးသွင်သွင် <===>ခပြုံခသွင်၊ ပြုံသိပြုံသွင် ပွဲချင်းပြီးသေတယ်<===> ဂွင်ဒိုက်သီရေ ပိုးပန်းကြတယ် <===>နောက်ပိုးချကြတ်တေ ==(ဖ) == ဖာသိဖာသာ <===>ဖာသာလဝါ ဖဲရိုက်ကြတယ် <===>ဖဲကဇပ်ကတ်တေ ဖောက်ပြားတယ် <===>ယှောက်ခိုးရေ ဖွေးဖွေးဖြူ <===>ဖဖြူဆွဆော့၊ ဆဆွတ်ဖြူ၊ ဖဖြူဆဆွတ် ဖြစ်ကတတ်ဆန်း <===>ဟရူဘရူ၊ ဖာလိဖာလာ ဖရိုဖရဲ <===>ဖောလီဖောလော ဖြောင့်ဖြောင့်တန်းတန်း <===>ဖဖြောင့်တတန်း၊ ဖဖြောင့်သဘက် ဖြန်ဖြေတယ်<===> ဖျိုင်ရေ ဖားနေတယ် <===>ကပ်ပီကပ်ပါးလုပ်နီရေ ==(ဗ) == ဗေဒင်မေးတယ်<===> ဝှရားတွက်တေ ဗလိနတ်စာကျွေးတယ် <===>အချိုပွဲ၊ အချိုင်ပွဲဆက်တေ ဗလိနတ်စာပသတယ် <===>နတ်တင်ရေ ==(ဘ) == ဘယ်တော့ပြီးမှာလဲ <===>ဇာခါကျီဖို့လည်း ဘေးသင့်တယ် <===>ဖီးကျရေ ဘုဉ်းသွားတယ် <===>မြှင့်လခရေ ဘွင်းဘွင်းပြောရေ<===> ဗြောင်ပြောရေ ==(မ) == မောပန်းတယ် <===>ညောင်းရေ မျက်နှာထားတင်းတင်းနဲ့<===> မျက်ကြောတတင်းနန့် မွဲပြာတယ် <===>ဖွဲရာကျရေ၊ ပြာချီးကျရေ မေ့လျော့နေတယ် <===>မိန့်နီရေ မျက်နှာသာရအောင်လုပ်တယ် <===>စော်ရမော်ရလုပ်နီရေ၊ ရွံ့ကီရွံ့ကာလုပ်နီရေ မပိုမလျော့ တိတိကျတယ် <===>တံသုန်းတိုက်ကျရေ၊ တံသီးတိုက်ကျရေ မနိုင့်တနိုင် လေးလေးပင်ပင် ထမ်းလာတယ် <===>ချပါသပါထမ်းလာရေ မလိမ့်တပတ် <===>မဟောက်တကွန်နှင့် မွေးစားတယ်<===> မွီးစပ်တေ မန်းမှုတ်တယ် <===>မန္တရားမန်းရေ မတ်တပ်ရပ်လိုက် <===>ရပ်စောက်ဆောက်လိုက် မလေးမခန့် <===>မထိတထိ၊ မအို့လီအို့လီ တီတီတာတာလုပ်နေတယ် <===>ပွတ်ချီပွတ်ချက်လုပ်နီရေ မဟုတ်လျှင် <===>မသဂါဂေ မဟုတ်မှလွဲရော<===> မဟုတ်ကေနီလီဖို့ မဟုတ်တရုတ် <===>တောက်တီတောက်တောက်၊ အလေးဘလေး၊ ဘော်လီဘော်လာ မှေးတယ် <===>ငိုက်တေ မအောင်မြင်<===> ယှူရေ မဆီမဆိုင်ပြောတယ်<===> ဖောက်ဆီဖောက်ဆပ်ပြောရေ မဆန့်တော့ဘူး <===>မကန်ဗျာယ် မည်းမည်းကြီး <===>မမဲတတုတ်၊ တတုတ်မဲ မေ့မေ့လျော့လျော့<===> မောသီမောသတ် မနီးမဝေး <===>မဝီးမပါး မောမောပန်းပန်း<===> ညညောင်းညညာ မျက်စိလည်သွားတယ်<===> အရပ်လည်လာရေ မိုးပက်တယ် <===>မိုးဖြူရေ မရိပ်စား၊ <===>မရိပ်မိ အရိပ်မကျ မျှောတယ် <===>မျှိုးရေ မျိုးဆက်စဉ်လာ<===> ဘိုးစဉ်ဘောင်ဆက် မိုးချုပ်လာတယ်<===> နီဝင်လာရေ မယောင်မလည် <===>မဟုတ်လီဟုတ်လီ မမေးမစမ်းအရမ်းပဲ <===>ပရီမစိုက်၊ နရီမစိုက် မတ်စောက်တက်ရတယ် <===>ရင်ကန်တက်ရရေ ==(ယ) == ယမင်းရုပ်လို<===> ညမင်းသျှေပိုင် ယနေ့တိုင်<===> ဒေနိန့်ထိ၊ အေဂနိန့်ထိ ယောင်လည်လည် <===>ယောင်တိယောင်တောင် ယိမ်းယိမ်းယိုင်ယိုင် <===>ဗြားသီဗြားသတ် လှုပ်လှုပ်ရှားရှား များတယ်<===> ယော်ယက်ခတ်တေ ==(ရ)== ရေပက်တယ် <===>ရီလောင်းရေ ရွာလုံးကျွတ်<===> ရွာဟုံ ရှေးရှေးတုန်းက<===> အယင်ခေါက်တစ်ခါ ရင်ထုမနာ<===>ရင်ဆာရေ ရှေ့နေငှားတယ် <===>အောက်ကျီကိုင်ရေ ရှုပ်ရှုပ်ထွေးထွေ<===>း ဗလပွီ သင်္ချာလိုက်နီရေ၊ ခြူခြာသတ်နီရေ ရူးပေါပေါ <===>ပေါ်ချီပေါ်ချာ၊ ရူးတီးရူးထား၊ ခပေါ်သီခပေါ်သွပ် ရိုးရိုးပဲ <===>ဖဖြောင့်ဗျာယ် ရှေ့ဆိုင်၊ ရင်ဆိုင်တွေ့ကြတယ် <===>ထက်ပက်တွိကြတ်တေ ရှေးဦးစွာကပင်<===> ပွီလာဦးကပင် လျှောက်လည်နေကြတယ် <===>ယောင်နီကြတ်တေ ရမ်းကားနေတယ် <===>ခြူနီရေ ရုတ်တရက် <===>ဗြတ်ခနဲ၊ ပရုန်းနရုန်း ရှင်းရှင်းလင်းလင်း<===> ပပြတ်သသား ရံဖန်ရံခါ <===>တစ်ခါတစ်ရီ၊ ရံဖိရံခါ ==(လ) == လမ်းခရီးမသိ <===>လမ်းမသိစမ်းမသိ လက်ထပ်ပေးစားတယ်<===> ပဇပ်တေ လှေလှော်တယ်<===> တက်ခတ်တေ၊ ပင်းတန်းခတ်တေ လိမ်ပြောတယ်<===> ညာရေ၊ ဝါရေ လေးလေးလံလံ ထမ်းလာတယ်<===> လလီးဖဖင်ထမ်းလာရေ လက်သရမ်းတယ် <===>လက်မျောက်တေ လက်ပန်းခြေပန်းကျသွားတယ် <===>လက်သီခြီသီ ဖြစ်လခရေ လူတတ်လိုလို၊ လူပါးလိုလို <===>တတ်ယောင်ကား၊ နပ်ယောင်ကား လွင့်နေတယ်<===> ရွင့်နီရေ လေလံပစ်တယ် <===>ညလင်တင်ရေ လူတွင်ကျယ်လုပ်တယ် <===>လကျယ်လုပ်တေ လူလိုသူလို <===>လူပိုင်သျှင်ပိုင် လန့်ဆန်ကျတယ် (ဆန့်ကျင်ဖက်ကျတယ်) <===>ဖလိဖလာကျရေ၊ ဂွဒီဂွဒိုက်ကျရေ လိုလိုမယ်မယ်<===> လိုတောင့်မင်းတ၊ ဆယ်ရိတ်တရိတ် ကိုးရိတ်တရာ အလုံးစုံ ငှားတယ်<===> ထိန်းဂါငှားရေ လူသိရှင်ကြား၊ လူမြင်သူမြင် <===>ပပြောင်တတောက်၊ ပပြင်တတ် လိုက်လိုက်လျောလျော<===> လလိုက်ခခင် လိမ်ဉာဏ်နှောတယ် <===>ကုက္ကုစ္စစိတ်နန့် လတ်တလော<===> ပခန့်နခန့်၊ ပခတ်နခတ်၊ ပရုန်းနရုန်း လက်သီးနှင့်ထိုးတယ် <===>ပိတ်သတ်တေ လူကြုံပါးလိုက်တယ် <===>ဆောင်းပါးထည့်လိုက်တေ လူမြင်မတော် <===>အမြင်မကောင်း လူပါးဝတယ် <===>အနပ်ရွန်ရေ၊ နပ်ယောင်ကားရေ လေထဲတွင် <===>တိုက်အိမ်ဆောက်နေတယ် ဘိန်းစားစိတ်ကူးကူးနီရေ ==(ဝ) == ဝိုင်းဝန်းဆော်ကြတယ် <===>ဝိုင်းသတ်ကြတ်တေ ဝဋ်လည်တယ် <===>ဝဋ်လိုက်တေ ဝတ်လစ်စလစ် <===>လင်းကြဲ ဝိုးတဝါး<===> မမှုန်ချေ၊ မမှတ်မိပိုင် မှတ်မိပိုင် ဝမ်းမြောက်တယ် <===>ဝမ်းသာရေ ဝန်ချတယ် <===>အမှားခံရေ ဝေယျာဝစ္စများတယ် <===>ဝေစိကိစ္ဆာများတယ်၊ ဝေယျာကိစ္စများရေ ==(သ) == သွယ်ဝိုက်ပြောတယ် <===>အရိပ်ချပြောတယ် သေးငယ်တယ်၊ သေးသေးလေး <===>ပိစိကနာသျှေ၊ မှုန့်စိကနာသျှေ သုတ်သီးသုတ်ပြာ <===>အလောသုံးဆယ် သိပ်ကပ်စေးနဲတယ် <===>ကကောင်းစိကုပ်တေ၊ ကကောင်းပွန်ရေ သိပ်စပ်စုတယ် <===>စိရာနှမြာလိုက်တေ လေလွင့်နေတယ် <===>ဆပွတ်သတ်နီရေ၊ ရွင့်ပြာသတ်နီရေ၊ လတားခတ်နီရေ သိပ်နွမ်းတယ် <===>ကကောင်းရိရေ၊ ကကောင်းညင်ရေ သင်္ဘောဆေးသုတ်ထားတယ် <===>ရောင်ကျိုင်ထားရေ သွားပုတ်လေလွင့်ပြောနေတယ် <===>ဂါနန်ကုတ္တရပြောရေ သိပ်ပါးတဲ့ကလေး <===>ကကောင်းနပ်တေအသျှေ သိပ်ဆော့တဲ့ကလေး <===>ကကောင်းယှုတ်တေ (ကကောင်းသဲရေ) အသျှေျ သေသေချာချာ <===>စစိနနံ သိပ်ချည်တယ် <===>တတက်ချိုင်ရေ သိပ်ဇီဇာကျယ်တယ် <===>ကကောင်းအဆာကျယ်ရေ သီချင်းဆိုတယ် <===>တေးခြင်းဆိုရေ သိပ်တော်တဲ့သူ<===> အာဂါ့သား၊ အာဂါ့လူ သတ္တိရှိတယ်<===> ဝံ့ရေ သိပ်ပူတယ် <===>ကကောင်းအိုက်တေ သေအတူသျှင်အမျှ <===>အားကိုးရတယ် သီတူရှင်ဖက်ရရေ ==(ဟ) == ဟစ်အော်တယ် <===>ဟောရေ ဟိတ်ကောင် <===>အဝေ၊ အဝေး ဟောက်တေ <===>ငေါက်တေ ဟောက်တယ် (အိပ်နေစဉ်) <===>မွှန်ရေ ဟေ<===> အဝေး၊ ဟဲ့၊ ဟိုက် ဟန်နှင့်ပန်နှင့် <===>ဂိုက်နန့်ဆိုက်နန့် ဟန်ပြတယ် <===>ဗန်းပြရေ ဟုတ်သလိုလို <===>ဟုတ်တိပတ်တိ ဟိန်းသွားတယ် <===>ဟုန်လခရေ ==(အ) == အခက်အခဲ ကြုံရတယ် <===>ဟေးလမားသတ်တေ အရိပ်အကဲ သိတယ် <===>မျက်နှာပိုးသိရေ အလွန်တရာ <===>အယှုတရာ (ရေအနက်၊ ကုန်းအမြင့်တွင် သုံးသည်။) အစားပေးတယ် <===>တက်စားပီးရေ အစဉ်အခါတိုင်း (မပြတ်ခါခါ) <===> ယက်ပြတ်၊ ရက်ပြတ် အဆိုးအပျက် <===>ဘင်းဂါသတ် အီးပေါက်တယ် <===> ချီးပေါက်တယ် အီးပါတယ် <===>ချီးစိုက်တယ် အရမ်းကာရော <===>ဒရောင်းဆရောင်း၊ ရုန်းရင်းဆန်ခပ်၊ အကြမ်းပတမ်း အကြမ်းပတမ်း <===>ကြမ်းတီကြမ်းတိုက်၊ ဒရူးဗရူး အလိမ္မာရှိတယ် <===>ဖောက်နှစ်ပြည့်ရေ အနှောင့်အယှက်မပေးပါနဲ့ <===>ဂရုတ်ဂယှုတ်လုပ်မနီကေ့ အမူလုပ်တယ် <===>ဟန်ထုတ်တေ အဆက်မပြတ်ပြောနေတယ် <===>တတွတ်တွတ် ပြောနီရေ၊ စကဆန် ရှည်နီရေ၊ ကာနံ့ရှည်ရေ၊ ကာနုံ့များရေ အန်တုတယ် <===>ကလန်ကဆန်လုပ်တေ အံကြိတ်နေလိုက်ရတယ် <===>ပဇိကိုက်နီလိုက်ရရေ အလျော်ပေးရတယ် <===>ဘင်းဂျီဖောက်ကျီကျရေ အရက်မူးတယ် <===>အရက်ယစ်တေ အနည်းငယ် <===>တစိသျှေ၊ စကေသျှေ၊ အနဲသျှေ အလျှဉ်းမလုပ် <===> နနုန့်မလုပ်၊ တစိကေလဲ့မလုပ် အရသာမရှိ <===>ပေါ့ပျက်ပျက် ပပေါ့သသော့ အပုတ်နံ့လှိုင်နေတယ် <===>ဟောင်ရေ အလကားဖြစ်သွားတယ် <===>ဗလချိဗလချာဖြစ်လခရေ အပေါ့စား <===>ဖန်တာကျီ အပေါ်ယံ <===>အထက်ပေါ်ရီ အကြောက်ကြီးကြောက်လို့သာနေရတယ် <===>ကြောက်ကြီးသန်ဖက်ကျလို့ရာ နီရရေ အရောအနှောသာ (မျိုးနွယ်) <===>ဗန်ဒီဗန်ဒတ်ရာ အလျင်အမြန် <===>အယင့်အယင့်၊ အယင်ဗယင် အမယ်လေးဗျာ <===> အဘာလေးဝေး အ တယ် <===> န ရေ အောက်ခြေလွတ်သွားတယ် <===> မြင့်ဂါသတ်လခရေ၊ အာဂါလီဆောင်ရေ၊ ဘောင်းဇောက်တက်လခရေ အတော်ကြီးတယ် <===>အင်တန်ကြီးရေ အပေါ့သွားတယ် <===>သရေပေါက်တေ၊ အာဘောလားရေ အခိုင်ခိုင်သီးတယ် <===>အပြွတ်ပြွတ်သီးရေ အဆင်သင့် <===>အလိုက်သင့် အတော်ပဲ <===>အတန်ဗျယ် အရိပ်အခြည်ကြည့်နေတယ် <===> ဇိုင်းကြည့်နီရေ အစားမက်တယ် <===>အစားရုပ်တေ အေးအတူပူအမျှ <===>သာကေလဲစံ၊ နာဂေလဲခံ အထ့အငေါ့နှင့်ပြောတယ် <===>အချိတ်အကောက်နန့်ပြောရေ အကဲခတ်နေတယ် <===>အရိပ်ချကြည့်နီရေ အလုပ်ရများတယ်၊ ဇီဇာကျယ်တယ် <===>ဇကာကျယ်ရေ၊ ပဇိပဆာများရေ အရောင်းကောင်းတယ် <===>စွန်ရေ အကြိမ်ကြိမ်သွားတယ် <===> အခေါက်ခေါက်လားရေ အော်ဟစ်ဆူနေကြတယ် <===>ကျကျွတ်ကြီးရိုက်လို့ အားကူပေးနေတယ် <===>လီလွှတ်နီရေ အစဉ်းအဝေးပြုလုပ်တယ် <===>မိတ်တိန်ထိုင်ရေ ==ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်တိ== [https://www.scribd.com/doc/29548339/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%81%A0%E1%80%AD-%E1%81%B5-%E1%80%9B%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84-%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC-%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99-%E1%80% ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား လမ်းညွှန် (ဦးစက္ကိန္ဒ-ရခိုင်မြေ)] [[Category:Wp/rki/အရွီးအသား]] [[Category:Wp/rki/ရခိုင်စကားလုံးဝေါဟာရတိ]] [[Category:Wp/rki]] {{INTERWIKI|Q117832051}} ibdk68qfsr0gu29q8n1h4zjjiomimbr 0 3369954 6707312 6706615 2025-07-11T05:23:07Z 1.64.157.117 6707312 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''మిట్టే బోద్ర(మిట్టే జలపాతం)''':- తెలంగాణ రాజ్య తే సుడవలిక్ జగా నాగ ఈద్ మిట్టే బోద్రా ఉంది, తెలంగాణ తాగ కుమ్రం సాటి తుడుం నేకుస్త జాగ ఎంకే సర్కర్తల్ పొరిల్ అతా అని గుట్ట మెట్టనే సోబేమత, అహినే ఏడుంగ్ బౌరిన బొద్రా పున లెంగు సింత, ఆహినే కెరమేరి ఘాట్ రోడ్ పునంగ్ సారింగ్ తోహన్ తా,== ఈన్జేర్ ఈద్ బొద్రా త్తున్ తెలుగు తే సప్తగుండాల జాలపాతం ఇంన్తెర్, తేన్గాగా సిర్పూర్- యు, లింగాపూర్ మండల్కు నంగ్ కోయ పేన్కుకు ఏర్ తుంగ్ లే ఆర్ సాల్, ఈద్ పిట్టే బొద్రా పేన్ కు ఏర్ మీహివల్ గంగా సండి కోయ పేన్ప విత్ర గంగా అతా అని బాచిలెయ్ పేన్ కున్ ఏర్ మిహిచి సార్ కింత. == '''న్గాసొన్వల్సారి''':- కర్కొడతే (Aeroplane) దాక ఈతెక్ హైద్రాబాద్ నల్ నాగ్ పూర్ రేయిసి అగటల్ ఆసిఫాబాద్ వాసి, ఆసిఫాబాద్ నల్ లింగాపూర్, సెల్లేతే జైనూర్, ఉట్నూర్, ఆదిలాబాద చహార్ తే రేయసి లింగాపూర్ ఆటో, బస్ నె సొంద సకే మంతర్. రైల్ గాడితే ఈతెక్ ఆసిఫాబాద్రీ ముందు, సెల్లేతే కాగత్నాగర్ స్టేషన్ రేయిసి ఆసిఫాబాద్ వసి అగాటల్ లింగాపూర్ మండల్ సొంజి అగాటల్ దగ్గర సన్వాలే. తేన్ కీ రొప్పో లింగ్ మంతా నమ్మంతెర్. == [[Category:Wp/wah]] iwa6080lldn27x6zkauc56eoph5y9p1 0 3382072 6707154 6444585 2025-07-10T20:19:19Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muhammad Yunus - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Yunus]] Muhammad Yunus (Bengali: মুহাম্মদ ইউনুস Muhammod Iunus) (an haife shi a Watan Yuni 28 , shekara ta 1940) ma'aikacin banki ne na Bangladesh kuma masanin tattalin arziki. ExtShi ne mai habɓakawa kuma wanda ya kafa manufar microcredit. A cikin shekarar 2006, Yunus ya sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel. ==Zantuttuka== *[[File:Professor Muhammad Yunus- Building Social Business Summit (8757173643).jpg|thumb|Muhammad Yunus]]Wata rana jikokinmu za su je gidajen tarihi don ganin yadda talauci ya kasance. "Hira da Farfesa Muhammad Yunus" Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya (25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1997). [[Category:Wq/ha]] 53ueua55xbgsdkmsopyvqk78avxglp1 0 3386770 6707175 6361603 2025-07-10T20:42:33Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Unidentified woman c1850 daguerreotype by Southworth & Hawes.jpg|thumb|Susan B anthony]] [[Wq/ha/Fayil: Susan B. Anthony na Frances Benjamin Johnston.jpg| babban yatsan | Mun tabbatar da lardin [[gwamnatin]] don tabbatar da [[Wq/ha/Mutane|mutane]] a cikin jin daɗin haƙƙoƙin da ba za a iya tauye su ba. Mun jefa wa iska tsohuwar akidar da gwamnatoci za su iya ba da hakki.] ''[[w:Susan B. Anthony|Susan Brownell Anthony]]''' ([[Wq/ha/15 Fabrairu|15 Fabrairu]] [[Wq/ha/1820|1820]] - [[Wq/ha/13 Maris|13 Maris]] [[Wq/ha/1906|1906]]) ta kasance fitacciyar, mai zaman kanta. kuma ƙwararriyar shugabar 'yancin ɗan adam na kasar Amurka wanda, tare da [Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], suka jagoranci yunƙurin tabbatar da [[w:Tarihin zaɓen mata a Amurka | Zaɓen mata a Amurka]. [[Category:Wq/ha]] == Zantuttuka == [[File:Susan B. Anthony, c. 1898.jpg|thumb|Susan B anthony]] [[Wq/ha/Fayil: Susan B. Anthony - Shekaru 28 - Project Gutenberg eText 15220.jpg| babban yatsa|<!-- Mutane masu hankali, masu hankali, koyaushe suna jifa don kiyaye sunansu da matsayinsu na zamantakewa, ba za su taɓa kawo gyara ba. --> Wadanda suke da gaske a cikin [[earnest]] dole ne su kasance a shirye su zama wani abu ko komai a cikin kimantawar duniya.]] [[Wq/ha/Fayil: SB Anthony daga RoRaWW.jpg| babban yatsa |[[Mace]] kada ta dogara ga [[Wq/ha/Kariya|kariya]] na mutum, amma dole ne a koya masa ta kare kanta]] [[Wq/ha/Fayil:Elizabeth Cady Stanton da Susan B Anthony.jpg|thumb|Ina so ku [[fahimta]] cewa ban taɓa iya yin aikin da nake da shi ba da ba ni da wannan mata a hannun dama na. 4gl9zlha084oziac5v4isgue4kyu29g 0 3405241 6707235 6671527 2025-07-11T00:24:07Z Eyesnore 486315 6707235 wikitext text/x-wiki NB: This test-wiki was previously imported from the closed na.wikipedia.org, however the contents were deleted following an [[I:RFD]] discussion in 2025 because it could not actually be verified that the pages were properly written in the Nauruan language. Users who can really speak Nauruan language are feel free to re-start a project here from scratch. {{test wiki | status = tocreate | language = Nauruan | meta = }} [[Category:Incubator:Test wikis of languages of Oceania]] k541u2k4rvyh53e5x5c2pdmowx9q8n8 0 3425229 6707301 6189485 2025-07-11T04:59:25Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added personal life,education and family 6707301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''వై.ఎస్. జగన్మోహన్ రెడ్డి (జగన్)''' వ్యాపారవేత్త , అని రాజకీయనాయక్ , ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్(నవ్యాంధ్ర) రాష్ట్ర రెండవ ముఖ్యమంత్రి. 2009 మే నెలత్ తొలే కడప లోకసభ సభ్యుడు గా గెల్తెంద్. ఆమ్నే బాంద్ వై.ఎస్.రాజశేఖరరెడ్డి తిర్త వేన్కత్ , భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్ నాడ్ జగడ లాడ్ ఆహ్ పార్టీన్గ్ రాజీనామా ఇదరూత్ యువజన శ్రామిక రైతు కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ న్ ఇదర్ తెంద్. 2014 ఎన్నికత్ పార్టీ ఒడిల్తే గిన , మల్ల పాదయాత్ర ఇదరూత్ పబ్లిన్గ్ మొద ఎత్ 2019 ఎన్నికత్ గెల్లుత్ ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఉద్ తెంద్.భారతీ సిమెంట్ , సాక్షి టీవీ , సండూరు జల విద్యుత్ కేంద్రం స్థాపన ఇదార్ తెంద్. == వ్యాపార బత్కు == సాక్షి టీవీ , భారతీ సిమెంట్, సండూరు జలవిద్యుత్ కేంద్రం స్థాపన ఇదార్ తెంద్. == రాజకీయ బత్కు == విద్యుత్ ప్రాజెక్ట్, వ్యాపారం ఇదరేక వై.యస్.జగన్ 20019 త్ తొలే కడప లోకసభ సభ్యుడు గెల్తెంద్. ఆమ్నె బాంద్ ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్ దివంగత ముఖ్యమంత్రి వై.యస్.రాజశేఖరరెడ్డి 2009 సెప్టెంబర్ 9 న్ తీర్తేన్ద్. అప్పుడు అవురే కుటుంబ కలయంగ్ ఓదార్పుయాత్ర సాటి అనుమతి సియ్యతిన్ కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ అదున్ వలడ్ సి లోకసబంగ్ రాజీనామా ఇదరూత్ పార్టీ తన కురితేంద్. 2011 మార్చి 11 న్ వై.యస్.ఆర్.కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ స్థాపన ఇదరతేంద్.ఈ పార్టీ ఆమ్నె అమ్మ వై.యస్.విజయమ్మ గౌరవ అధ్యక్ష్ అంసాద్. రాజీనామా నాడ్ 2011 మే త్ ఎద్ద ఉప ఎన్నిక లత్తి మల్ల పెన కడప లోకసభ సభ్యులు గా 5.45లాక్ ల పెల్లె లాడ్ గెల్తెంద్. 2011 త్ యువజన శ్రామిక రైతు (వై.యస్.ఆర్) కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ న్గ్ అధ్యక్షుడు ఎద్దేంద్. ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్ర ఇంది ఇదారేంగ్ ఇంతే అప్పుడు అదున్ వాలాడ్ ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్ కూబ్ నష్టం వర్సద్ ఇస జగడ ఇదరూత్ దీక్ష ఇదర్తేంద్. 2014 సార్వత్రిక ఎన్నిక లత్తి ఆమ్నే రాజకీయ అలాడ్ నారా చంద్రబాబునాయుడు అధ్యక్షుడ్ గ్ అండ తెలుగుదేశం పార్టీ నాడ్ కొన్ని ఓట్ల శాతం (1.25) నాడ్ ఒడిలుత్ ప్రతిపక్ష నేత  నాడ్ అసెంబ్లీ న్గ్ సెద్దెంద్. రాష్ట్ర విడిల్తా తరువాత హామీ సీతావున్ ఇదరేతేర్ తే ఆదవున్ 5 సాల్కు తెలుగుదేశం ప్రభుత్వం నాడ్ పోరాటం ఇదరూత్ , ప్రజలూంగ్ ఒకో హోదా నాడ్ అవగాహన సిత్తెంద్.ప్రభుత్వ తానే ఇదరెత్తినో ప్రజాలుంగ్ ఇడ్స అవురే బాధ లూంగ్ ఓరికి లుత్ ప్రజాసంకల్పనయాత్ర పేర్ నాడ్ ఇడుపులపాయ త్ 2017 నవంబర్ 16 న్గ్ ప్రారంభించి 2019 జనవరి 19 న్గ్ శ్రీకాకుళం జిల్లాత్ ఇచ్చాపురం త్ తీర్ప్ తెంద్. 14 నెల లత్తి రాష్ట్ర మూత్ 13 జిల్లా లత్తి 125 నియోజకవర్గ లత్తి 3,648 కిలోమీటర్ల దుక్ పాదయాత్ర ఇదరూత్ రాష్ట్ర ప్రజాలుంగ్ మెరామ్ ఎద్దేంద్. ప్రత్యేకహోదా వరేంగ్ ఇస , ప్రత్యేకహోదా సాధన పోరాటమూత్ మార్చి 18 తరికుంగ్ పార్లమెంట్ త్ ఎంపీ లాడ్ NDA ప్రభుత్వ పోదే మొట్టమొదటి అవిశ్వాస తీర్మానం ఇదరూత్ , అవిశ్వాస తీర్మానం ముడెకద్ ఏరేతిన్ ఆమ్నె ఎంపీ లాడ్ ఏప్రిల్ 6 న్గ్ రాజీనామా ఇదార్ గత్ అవురాడ్ ఢిల్లీ త్ ఏపీ భవనుత్ నిరహత దీక్ష ఇదార్ గత్ ప్రజల గొట్టిక్ సక్ దునియంగ్ ఎరుక ఎన్నలాంగ్ ఇదార్ తెంద్. ఆమ్ద్ ఇదరూత్ ప్రత్యేక హోదా పొరటమున్ మెచ్చుత్ రాష్ట్ర మూత్ అన్ని ముందర్ వై అనేక పార్టీక్ , ప్రత్యేకహోదా సాధన సమితింగ్ అనేక ప్రజా సంఘము వై.యస్.ఆర్ కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ వై ఎద్దే. 2019 ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్ శాసనసభ ఎన్నికత్ 17త్ శాసన సభ జగలుంగ్ వై.యస్.ఆర్.కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ 151 జగలత్తి రికార్డు నాడ్ గెల్లుత్ ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రి గా ఎద్దెంద్. 2018 సాధారణ ఎన్నిక లత్తి ఆమ్ది ఆంద్రప్రదేశ్ త్ పెల్లె మెజారిటీ(90000) వత్త శాసనసభ సభ్యుడు. 2022 జులై 8,9 తరికుంగ్ గుంటూరు త్ జరిగిల్త వైఎస్ఆర్సీపీ ప్లినరీ కలయేకత్తి ఆ పార్టీ శాశ్వత అధ్యక్షుడు గా వై.ఎస్.జగన్మోహన్ రెడ్డి ఎన్నిక ఏదేంద్. ఇదున్ తీర్మానం ఇదరూత్ ఆమోదం ఇదార్ తెర్. == వ్యక్తిగత జీవితం == * పూర్తిపేరు: యువగల శ్రీ జగన్మోహన్ రెడ్డి * పుట్టిన తేదీ: 21 డిసెంబరు 1972 * పుట్టిన స్థలం: జమ్మలమడుగు, కడప జిల్లా, ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ * తండ్రి: వై.ఎస్. రాజశేఖర రెడ్డి (మాజీ ముఖ్యమంత్రి, ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్) * తల్లి: వై.ఎస్. విజయమ్మ * సోదరి: వై.ఎస్. షర్మిల (రాజకీయ నాయకురాలు) == విద్యా జీవితము == * ప్రాథమిక విద్య: హైద‌రాబాద్‌లోని లోయొలా పబ్లిక్ స్కూల్‌లో పూర్తి చేశారు * డిగ్రీ: బాచిలర్ ఆఫ్ కామర్స్ (B.Com) * కళాశాల: నైఠామ్ ఇన్‌స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ మేనేజ్‌మెంట్, హైద‌రాబాద్ (Nizam College/NISTM) == కుటుంబ జీవితం == * పెళ్లి: 1996లో వై.ఎస్. భారతి గారిని వివాహం చేసుకున్నారు * కుటుంబం: ఒక కుమార్తె (హార్షిత), ఒక కుమారుడు * భారతి గారు కూడా వైఎస్సార్ కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ తరఫున రాజకీయాల్లో క్రియాశీలురాలు == బెయిల్ ఎనఙ్గ వతిన్ == 2012 మే 25 న్గ్ అక్రమాస్తుల పోదే సీబీఐ నాడ్ అరెస్ట్ ఎద్దేంద్.16 నెల జగన్ చంచల్ గూడ జైలుత్ అండెద్.2013 సెప్టెంబర్23 న్ నాంపల్లి గ్ సీబీఐ ప్రత్యేక కోర్టు షరతు నాడ్ బెయిల్ సితిన్. [[Category:Wp/nit]] b4s1vq37l2m1h46q0p0lg5g3vbuaql0 0 3432604 6707318 6056976 2025-07-11T05:33:48Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info 6707318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ఏ.పి.జె.అబ్దుల్ కలామ్''' నేండే దేశం త 11 వ రాష్ట్రపతి ఆనంగి క్షిపణి శాస్త్రవేత్త.ఇమ్నే సిమన పేర్ అవుల్ పకిర్ జైనులబ్దిన్ అబ్దుల్ కలామ్.తమిళనాడు త రామేశ్వరం ఉత్ పుట్తేంద్.తమిళనాడు త రామేశ్వరం ఉత్ పుట్తేంద్.తిరుచిరాపల్లి త సెయింట్ జోసెఫ్ కళాశాలత్ భౌతకశాస్త్రం కరప్తెంధ్.చెన్నై త మద్రాస్ ఉత్ ఇనిస్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ టెక్నాలజీ కళాశాలత్ ఏరోస్పేస్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ కరప్తెంద్.రాష్ట్రపతి ఎరెంగ్ తొలే రక్షణ పరిశోధన అభివృద్ధి సంస్థ,భారతీయ అంతరిక్ష పరిశోధన సంస్థ (ఇస్రో -ISRO )ఉత్ ఏరోస్పేస్ ఇంజనీర్ పని ఇదర్తేంద్.భారత దేశం త మిస్సైల్ మ్యాన్ (MISSILE MAN)ఇనేక పేర్ కమాయ్ ఇదర్తెంద్.1998 నెండే దేశమ్ త పోఖ్రాన్ -2 పరీక్షత్ కరే వరే,సంస్థాగత,సాంకేతిక,రాజకీయ మణకాక్ అండెంద్.2002 రాష్ట్రపతి ఓటింగులతి కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ మద్దత్ సీతిన్.ఆ ఓటింగులతి లక్ష్మి సెహగల్ ఉన్ గెళ్తెంద్.కలామ్ అమ్నే పుస్తకుత్ ఇండియా 2020 దూక్ భారతదేశం ఉన్ ముందర్ వై కొసేక ప్రణాళిక వాయ్తేంద్.నెండే దేశం త దండి పౌర పురస్కారం ఎద్ద భారతరత్న వెంట పెన ఎన్నీగో అవార్డు ఎక్తేంద్.2012 ఉత్ ది హిస్టరీ ఛానల్,రిలయన్స్ ఫోన్ కలయుత్ అవుట్ లుక్ మ్యాగజైన్ ఇధర్థ ది గ్రేటెస్ట్ ఇండియన్ పోల్ ఉత్ ఇమ్నున్ రెండవ జాగత్ ఏక్తేర్.ఇండియన్ ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ మేనేజ్మెంట్ (IIM) షిల్లాంగ్ మీటింగ్ ఉత్ ముడ్స అనేంగ కలామ్ రాటెంద్.2015 జూలై 27 ఉంగ్ 83 సాల్కుల ఉమారుత్ గుండె రోగమాడ్ తిక్తేంద్. === చిన్ననాటి జీవితం === * కలామ్ తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రం త రామేశ్వరం ఊర్ త ఒక తమిళ ముస్లిం కుటుంబం లో 1931 అక్టోబర్ 15 న పుట్టెంద్. * తండ్రి: జైనులాబ్దీన్ – పడవల నిర్వాహకుడు. * తల్లి: ఆశియమ్మ – గృహిణి. * చిన్ననాటి నుండి పత్రికలు పంచుతూ కుటుంబాన్ని ఆదుకున్నారు. * స్కూల్‌ వయస్సులోనే విజ్ఞానంపై ఆసక్తితో ఉన్నాడు. == విద్యాభ్యాసం == * రామనాథపురం త స్క్వార్ట్జ్ హైస్కూల్‌లో చదువు ప్రారంభం. * 1954 లో తిరుచిరాపల్లి త సెయింట్ జోసెఫ్ కాలేజ్ నుండి భౌతికశాస్త్రంలో పట్టా. * 1955 మద్రాస్ ఇనిస్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ టెక్నాలజీ (MIT) నుండి ఏరోస్పేస్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ చదువు పూర్తి. == శాస్త్రవేత్తగా జీవితం == * 1960లో డిఫెన్స్ రీసెర్చ్ అండ్ డెవలప్‌మెంట్ ఆర్గనైజేషన్ (DRDO)లో చేరి హెలికాప్టర్లు అభివృద్ధి. * 1969లో ISROలో చేరి తొలిపర్యాయం ఉపగ్రహ వాహక నౌక (SLV-III) అభివృద్ధి. * 1980లో రోహిణి ఉపగ్రహాన్ని భూమి కక్షలో ప్రవేశపెట్టిన ప్రాజెక్టు విజయవంతం. * ఆ తరువాత PSLV, SLV, ప్రిత్వి, అగ్ని, త్రిశూల్, నాగ్ వంటి క్షిపణి ప్రణాళికల్లో కీలక పాత్ర. * 1998లో పోఖ్రాన్-II అణు పరీక్షల విజయవంతమైన నిర్వహణ. * 1992-1999: ప్రధాన మంత్రి శాస్త్రీయ సలహాదారుగా మరియు DRDO కార్యదర్శిగా పనిచేసాడు. == రాష్ట్రపతిగా == * 2002లో భారతదేశం 11వ రాష్ట్రపతిగా ఎన్నికైనాడు. * కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ మరియు NDA రెండింటి మద్దతుతో విజయం సాధించాడు. * 2002–2007 వరకు రాష్ట్రపతిగా సేవలు అందించాడు. * ప్రజలతో నేరుగా సంభాషించాలనే ధ్యేయంతో "పీపుల్స్ ప్రెసిడెంట్"గా పేరు పొందాడు. == రచనలు మరియు దృష్టి == * ముఖ్య రచన: '''India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium''' * ఇతర రచనలు: "Wings of Fire", "Ignited Minds", "Turning Points" * భారతదేశాన్ని సాంకేతిక రంగంలో అభివృద్ధి చెయ్యాలనే ఉద్దేశంతో యువతకు ప్రేరణ ఇచ్చాడు. == అవార్డులు మరియు గౌరవాలు == * 1981: పద్మ భూషణ్ * 1990: పద్మ విభూషణ్ * 1997: భారతరత్న – దేశ అత్యున్నత పౌర పురస్కారం * 2012: ది హిస్టరీ ఛానల్ మరియు అవుట్‌లుక్ మ్యాగజైన్ కలిసి నిర్వహించిన "ది గ్రేటెస్ట్ ఇండియన్" పోల్‌లో రెండవ స్థానం == మరణం == * 2015 జూలై 27 నాడు షిల్లాంగ్‌లో IIM విద్యార్థులకు ఉపన్యాసం ఇస్తున్నప్పుడు గుండెపోటుతో మరణించాడు. * ఆయన వయస్సు 83 సంవత్సరాలు. == వారసత్వం == * కలామ్ పేరున శాస్త్ర సాంకేతిక రంగాల్లో అనేక స్కాలర్షిప్‌లు, పాఠశాలలు, టెక్నాలజీ సెంటర్లు నెలకొల్పబడ్డాయి. * విద్యార్ధులపై ఆయన చూపిన ప్రేమ కారణంగా, "పాపులర్ ప్రెసిడెంట్", "మిస్‌లేల్ మ్యాన్", "రెబల్ సైంటిస్ట్" అనే బిరుదులు పొందారు. == చిన్నం అనెంగా,షాడ కరపేకాద్ == అవుల్ పకీర్ జైనులబ్ధిన్ కలామ్ తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రం త రామేశ్వరం ఉత్ ఒకో తమిళ ముస్లిం ఖాన్దాన్ ఉత్ 1931 అక్టోబర్ 15 ఉంగ్ పుట్తేంద్.బాన్ద్ జైనులబ్ధిన్ రూక్ మాల్కక్.అమ్మ ఆషియమ్మ.గారిబ్ ఎల్ల ఎరేకాదున్ వాలాడ్ కలామ్ చిన్నం ఉమ్మర్ తనటి అవ్రే బానుంగ్ సంగ్ వార్త పేపర్ పయ్నెంద్. షాడత్ కడమ మార్కు వత్తే గిన కరపెంగ్ సటి ముందర్ వై సెన్నెంద్.కూబ్ ఎక్వ మేనత్ ఇదర్నెంద్.రామనాథపురం స్క్వార్ట్జ్ మెట్రిక్యులేషన్ షాడత్ కరపేకాద్ ఏద్ద వెనకత్ కలామ్ తిరుచిరాపల్లి త సెయింట్ జోసెఫ్స్ కాలేజ్ ఉత్ 1954 ఉత్ భౌతకశాస్త్రం పట్ట ఏక్తేంద్.1955 మద్రాసుత్ ఏరోస్పేస్ ఇంజనీర్ కరాపెంగ్ సెద్దెంద్.8 సీట్లుంగ్ సటి ఏద్ధా పరీక్షత్ 9 వ నంబర్ వత్న లడాయి ఇద్దరేకా పైలట్ ఎరత్ ఇనేక అమ్నే కలన్ కొంచెం ఉత్ నిస్టిప్ తెంద్. == శాస్త్రవేత్త లాంగ్ == మద్రాస్ ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ టెక్నాలజీ ( MIT - చెన్నై) తన ఏరోనాటికల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ ఎద్ధ వెనకత్ 1960 ఇత్ కలామ్ డిఫెన్స్ రీసెర్చ్ అండ్ డెవప్మెంట్ ఆర్గనైజేషన్ (డిఅర్ డివో) అవ్రే ఏరోనాటికల్ డెవలప్మెంట్ ఎస్టాబ్లిష్మెంట్ ఉత్ శాస్త్రవేత్త లాంగ్ జాయిన్ ఎద్దెంధ్.కలామ్ భారత సైన్యం ఉంగ్ సటి ఒకో చిన్నం హెలికాప్టర్ ఉన్ తయార్ ఇదారుత్ పని సాలో ఇదర్ తేంద్.1969 ఉత్ భారత అంతరిక్ష పరిశోధనా సంస్థత్ (ఇస్రో)కలాయుత్ ఇస్రో సిమనంగ్ తొలే నెండే దేశం త ఉపగ్రహ ప్రయోగం ఇదారేక మోటార్ (SLV -lll )తయార్ ఇదరేకతి పని ఇదార్తేంధ్.1980 జూలై ఉత్ ఈ మోటార్ రోహిణి ఇనేక ఉపగ్రహం ఉన్ భుమింగ్ మేరం కక్షత్ సోబనాడ్ గాధియ్తిన్.1970,1990 నడుం కాలముత్ కలామ్ పిఎస్ఎల్ వి,ఎస్ఎల్ వి -lll ప్రాజెక్ట్లున్ ముంధర్ వై కొరేకదుంగ్ సటి పని ఇదార్తేంధ్. ఇదా ఇంది ( 2) ప్రాజెక్టు సోయ్ ఎద్దేవ్.1992 జూలై తన 1999 డిసెంబర్ దూక్ ప్రధాన మంత్రి శాస్త్రీయ సలహాదారు, డిఅర్డివొ ముఖ్య కార్యదర్శి లాంగ్ పని ఇదార్తేంధ్.1998 డాక్టర్ సోమరాజు నాడ్ కలయుత్ ఒకో స్టెంట్ ( stent) ఉన్ తయార్ ఇదార్తేర్.ఇదున్ "కలామ్ - రాజు స్టెంట్"ఇన్సార్.2012 ఉత్ ఇవుర్ ఇద్ధర్ కలయుత్ చిన్నం ఊర్లుంగ్ ఆరోగ్య సేవా ఇదారేంగ్ మదత్ అనెంగ్ సటి ఒకో ట్యాబ్లెట్(tablet) కంప్యూటర్ ఉన్ తయార్ ఇదర్తెర్.ఇదున్ "కలామ్ - రాజు ట్యాబ్లెట్" ఇస ఇన్సార్. [[Category:Wp/nit]] 6j1dxsymzrgng92fr9ezu212c0o8ih5 0 3438606 6707164 6433158 2025-07-10T20:34:44Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|thumb|Cuba na da tarihi mai tsawo da al’adar hadin gwiwa na kasa da kasa da sauran kasashe a fannin lafiya da ta faro tun daga shekarar 1960s, lokacin da muka fara tura ma’aikatan lafiya don taimakawa wasu kasashen. Tun daga lokacin, fiye likitoci da ma’aikatan lafiya 400,000 sun yi ayyuka a kasashe 164. Mun taimaka wajen inganta kananan tsarin kiwon lafiya, bayar da hidimomi a yankuna masu nisa da kuma horar da likitoci. ~ [[w:Josefina Vidal Ferreiro|Josefina Vidal Ferreiro]] ]] [[w:Cuba|'''Cuba''']] wacce, aka kuma sani da Jamhurriyar Cuba, kasa ce da ke dauke da tsibirin Cuba, Isle of Youth da dai sauran kananun tsibirai. Cuba na nan a arewacin Caribbea, a gabar tekun Caribbea. == Zantuka == [[File:Fidel_castro_angel_1954.jpg|thumb|Condemn me, it does not matter: [[Wq/ha/History|history]] will absolve me.|Aibanta ni, ban damu ba: tarihi zai yafe mun.]] * Cuba na daukar kasar Venezuela a matsayin yankin mulkin mallaka — suna shigo da abinci, magunguna, diesel, gas daga Venezuela zuwa Cuba duk da cewa Venezuela tana samun ɓarna daga dukkanin su. Dakarun Cuba sun zagaye [[w:Nicolás Maduro|Maduro]]. Ma’aikatan kwanton bauna na Cuba sun yayyabe kasar. ** [https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/elliottabramssenatestmtvenezuela.htm Opening Statement to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on the Situation in Venezuela], 4 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2020 * Ko kun san cewa fiye acikin likitoci 1200 da suka yi yaki da cutar Covid-19 a fadin duniya, mafi akasarin su mata ne? Shiga wannan kamfe don basu lambobin yabo na Nobel Prize. **[[Wq/ha/Medea Benjamin|Medea Benjamin]], [https://twitter.com/medeabenjamin/status/1274881894044360712 Twitter] (21 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2020 * [[w:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] ya ce, maimakon sanya hannun jari na makudan kudi a wajen kera makaman kare dangi, ya kamata masu iko su sanya hannun jari a wajen bunkasa binciken kiwon lafiya kuma a sanya kimiyya a wajen hidimar ‘yan-Adam, wajen kirkirar kayan kiwon lafiya da rayuwa, ba mutuwa ba. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 71t23k8kypixi5oeinz7gzqd7kgdtc1 0 3465292 6707315 6512251 2025-07-11T05:25:16Z Chummus291 2607896 6707315 wikitext text/x-wiki যোনি ( লেটিন : ভেজিনা) নাৰী শৰীৰেৰ একটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অংগ। [[image:Vagina,Anus,Pereneum-Detail-4.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Human female vagina.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Korean vagina, frontal.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Spread vagina 01.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Spread vagina 03.jpg|thumb]] --------------------------- *[[Wp/rkt/যৌনতা|যৌনতা]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5880}} [[Category:Wp/rkt]] lik4x69bimutt0b347gng6ym7tdleqp 0 3467228 6706891 6335288 2025-07-10T16:37:23Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = मिर्जापुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}<br />{{Wp/mag/Lang|awa|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}} | other_name = मिर्जापुर जिला | image_skyline = Siddhanth ki Dari Fall.jpg | image_caption = Siddhanath ki Dari Falls | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Mirzapur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे मिर्जापुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = मिर्जापुर | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १५०९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 4 | area_total_km2 = 4,521 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 24,96,970 | population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/> | population_urban = 347567 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ७०.३८% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = ९०३ | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[Wp/mag/अवधीभाषा|अवधी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''प्रियङ्का निरञ्जन, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = अध्यक्ष, [[Wp/mag/नगरपालिका परिषद|नगरपालिका परिषद]], मिर्जापुर | leader_name1 = '''श्याम सुन्दर केशरी''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मिर्जापुर]]''' | leader_title3 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name3 = '''[[Wp/mag/अनुप्रिया पटेल|अनुप्रिया पटेल]]''' (भारतके वाणिज्य आउ उद्योग राज्यमन्त्री) | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-63 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = १०४३ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://mirzapur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थान}} }} '''मिर्जापुर मण्डल''' (मिर्जापुर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}; {{Wp/mag/Lang-awa|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1143894}} dmlrvswyj8e36n1msnf2ln7nckbrihp 6706892 6706891 2025-07-10T16:38:25Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = मिर्जापुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}<br />{{Wp/mag/Lang|awa|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}} | other_name = मिर्जापुर जिला | image_skyline = Siddhanth ki Dari Fall.jpg | image_caption = Siddhanath ki Dari Falls | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Mirzapur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे मिर्जापुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = मिर्जापुर | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १५०९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 4 | area_total_km2 = 4,521 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 24,96,970 | population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/> | population_urban = 347567 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ७०.३८% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = ९०३ | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[Wp/mag/अवधीभाषा|अवधी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''प्रियङ्का निरञ्जन, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = अध्यक्ष, [[Wp/mag/नगरपालिका परिषद|नगरपालिका परिषद]], मिर्जापुर | leader_name1 = '''श्याम सुन्दर केशरी''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मिर्जापुर]]''' | leader_title3 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name3 = '''[[Wp/mag/अनुप्रिया पटेल|अनुप्रिया पटेल]]''' (भारतके वाणिज्य आउ उद्योग राज्यमन्त्री) | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-63 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = १०४३ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://mirzapur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थान}} }} '''मिर्जापुर मण्डल''' (मिर्जापुर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}; {{Wp/mag/Lang-awa|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] हे । मण्डलमे चार तहसील हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC |date=23 अप्रैल 2017 }}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1143894}} 7wva9veodz7bgv5c9pakwt4j2ac70op 6706902 6706892 2025-07-10T16:47:38Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = मिर्जापुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}<br />{{Wp/mag/Lang|awa|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}} | other_name = मिर्जापुर जिला | image_skyline = Siddhanth ki Dari Fall.jpg | image_caption = Siddhanath ki Dari Falls | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Mirzapur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे मिर्जापुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = मिर्जापुर | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १५०९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 4 | area_total_km2 = 4,521 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 24,96,970 | population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/> | population_urban = 347567 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ७०.३८% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = ९०३ | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[Wp/mag/अवधीभाषा|अवधी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''प्रियङ्का निरञ्जन, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = अध्यक्ष, [[Wp/mag/नगरपालिका परिषद|नगरपालिका परिषद]], मिर्जापुर | leader_name1 = '''श्याम सुन्दर केशरी''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मिर्जापुर]]''' | leader_title3 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name3 = '''[[Wp/mag/अनुप्रिया पटेल|अनुप्रिया पटेल]]''' (भारतके वाणिज्य आउ उद्योग राज्यमन्त्री) | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-63 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = १०४३ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://mirzapur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थान}} }} '''मिर्जापुर मण्डल''' (मिर्जापुर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}; {{Wp/mag/Lang-awa|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] हे । मण्डलमे चार तहसील हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC |date=23 अप्रैल 2017 }}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == विवरण == पर्यटनके दृष्टिसे मिर्जापुर [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के बड़ी महत्वपूर्ण मण्डल मानल जा हे । एहाँके प्राकृतिक सुन्दरता आउ धार्मिक वातावरण बरबस लोगके ध्यान अपना दन्ने खीँचहे । मिर्जापुरमे स्थित [[Wp/mag/विन्ध्याचल धाम|विन्ध्याचल धाम]] भारतके प्रमुख हिन्दु धार्मिक स्थलमे से एक हे । एकर अतिरिक्त सीताकुण्ड, लाल भैरवमन्दिर, मोती तालाब, टाण्डा जलप्रपात, विल्डमफाल झरना, तारकेश्‍वर महादेव, महा त्रिकोण, शिवपुर, चुनार किला, गुरूद्वारा गुरू दा बाघ आउ रामेश्‍वर, देवरहा बाबा आश्रम, अड़गड़ानन्द आश्रम आउ अन्य छोटबड़ जलप्रपात आदि लागि प्रसिद्ध हे । मिर्जापुर [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]], [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी|वाराणसी]], [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र|सोनभद्र]], [[Wp/mag/प्रयागराज|प्रयागराज]]से घिरल हे । [[Wp/mag/भारत मानक समय|भारतके अन्तराष्ट्रिय मानक समय]] मिर्जापुर मण्डलके अमरावती चौराहा स्थानसे लेल गेलै हे । मिर्जापुर गुलाबी पत्थर (पिङ्कस्टोन) ला बड़ी विख्यात हे, प्राचीन समयमे ई पत्थरके प्रयोग [[Wp/mag/मौर्यवंश|मौर्यवंश]]के राजा सम्राट् [[Wp/mag/अशोक|अशोक]]के द्वारा बौद्धस्तुप एवं अशोक स्तम्भ (वर्तमानमे भारतके राष्ट्रिय चिन्ह) के बनावेमे कैल गेलै हल । मिर्जापुरके लोगके मूलभाषा मिर्जापुरी अवधी हे आउ हिन्दी एवं भोजपुरियो चलनमे हे । मिर्जापुरमे एक मेडिकल कॉलेज सञ्चालनमे हे आउ एक इञ्जीनियरिंग कॉलेज निर्माणाधीन हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|मिर्जापुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1143894}} 74g4ub7a57ekbiwntn3j7yqrimwerzu 0 3467229 6706909 6335246 2025-07-10T16:58:04Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = भदोही मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = भदोही जिला | official_name = सन्त रविदासनगर | image_skyline = Morva River Front.png | image_caption = मूसिलातपुर गाँवमे मोरवा नदीके एक दृश्य | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sant Ravidas Nagar.svg | coordinates = | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = ३० जून १९९४ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 3 | area_total_km2 = 1,015 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 15,78,213 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भाषा|भाषा]] | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] <ref name="langoff">{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Wp/mag/अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलके मन्त्रालय|अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलके मन्त्रालय]]|access-date=26 दिसम्बर 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 मई 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | demographics_type2 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics2_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics2_info1 = ८९.१४% | demographics2_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | demographics2_info2 = ९०२ | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधाकारी|जिलाधाकारी]] | leader_name = '''विशाल सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा|आइएएस]]''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name1 = '''[[Wp/mag/सन्त रविदासनगर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सन्त रविदासनगर]]''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/संसद सदस्य, लोकसभा|संसद सदस्य, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/विनोद कुमार बिन्द|विनोद कुमार बिन्द]]''' | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-66 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग २ (भारत)|रारा २]]|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग १३५ए (भारत)|रारा १३५ए]]|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग ७३१बी (भारत)|रारा ७३१बी]]}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://bhadohi.nic.in|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''भदोही मण्डल''' (भदोही जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]] हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q127533}} iaicybagawcw8fn5j0gumm1h0czobri 6706913 6706909 2025-07-10T16:59:50Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = भदोही मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = भदोही जिला | official_name = सन्त रविदासनगर | image_skyline = Morva River Front.png | image_caption = मूसिलातपुर गाँवमे मोरवा नदीके एक दृश्य | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sant Ravidas Nagar.svg | coordinates = | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = ३० जून १९९४ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 3 | area_total_km2 = 1,015 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 15,78,213 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भाषा|भाषा]] | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] <ref name="langoff">{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Wp/mag/अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलके मन्त्रालय|अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलके मन्त्रालय]]|access-date=26 दिसम्बर 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 मई 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | demographics_type2 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics2_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics2_info1 = ८९.१४% | demographics2_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | demographics2_info2 = ९०२ | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधाकारी|जिलाधाकारी]] | leader_name = '''विशाल सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा|आइएएस]]''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name1 = '''[[Wp/mag/सन्त रविदासनगर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सन्त रविदासनगर]]''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/संसद सदस्य, लोकसभा|संसद सदस्य, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/विनोद कुमार बिन्द|विनोद कुमार बिन्द]]''' | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-66 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग २ (भारत)|रारा २]]|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग १३५ए (भारत)|रारा १३५ए]]|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग ७३१बी (भारत)|रारा ७३१बी]]}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://bhadohi.nic.in|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''भदोही मण्डल''' (भदोही जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]] हे । पहिले ई [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी मण्डल|वाराणसी मण्डल]]मे हलै । ई मण्डल [[Wp/mag/प्रयागराज मण्डल|प्रयागराज]] आउ [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी मण्डल|वाराणसी]]के बीचमे स्थित हे । ई मण्डल [[Wp/mag/प्रयागराज मण्डल|प्रयागराज]], [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर]], [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी मण्डल|वाराणसी]], [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर]]के सीमाके स्‍पर्श करहे । एहाँके [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कालीन प्रौद्योगिकी संस्था, भदोही|कालीन उद्योग]] विश्वप्रसिद्ध हे आउ [[Wp/mag/कृषि|कृषि]]के बाद दोसर प्रमुख रोजगारके स्रोत हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/भदोही|भदोही]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q127533}} gwnccapiuw2yjtpi7q4r33riq4bvc1t 0 3467231 6706934 6335308 2025-07-10T17:12:26Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = सोनभद्र मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = सोनभद्र जिला | image_skyline = View from the top of Vijay Garh Fort.jpg | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/विजयगढ़ किला|विजयगढ़ किला]]से दृश्य | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sonbhadra.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे सोनभद्र मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = ४ मार्च १९८९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] | named_for = [[Wp/mag/सोननदी|सोननदी]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]]|[[Wp/mag/घोरावल|घोरावल]]|[[Wp/mag/दुधी|दुधी]]|[[Wp/mag/ओबरा, उत्तरप्रदेश|ओबरा]]}} | area_total_km2 = 6,788 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 18,62,559 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भाषा|भाषा]] | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] <ref name="langoff">{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Wp/mag/अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय|अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय]]|access-date=26 दिसम्बर 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 मई 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]]<ref name="langoff"/> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | demographics_type2 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics2_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics2_info1 = ६४% | demographics2_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | demographics2_info2 = ९१८/१००० | demographics2_title3 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जाति|अनुसूचित जाति]] | demographics2_info3 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|421661|1862559|2}} | demographics2_title4 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जनजाति|अनुसूचित जनजाति]] | demographics2_info4 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|385018|1862559|2}} | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = बद्रीनाथ सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा|आइएएस]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/पुलिस अधीक्षक (भारत)|पुलिस अधीक्षक]] | leader_name1 = यशवीर सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पुलिस सेवा|आइपीएस]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-64 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग ३९ (भारत)|रारा-३९]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५ए]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५]]}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://sonbhadra.nic.in/}} }} '''सोनभद्र मण्डल''' (सोनभद्र जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेसके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q607798}} p2wosyj4462lwep3k3t4z7p70hl1w0n 6706936 6706934 2025-07-10T17:12:50Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = सोनभद्र मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = सोनभद्र जिला | image_skyline = View from the top of Vijay Garh Fort.jpg | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/विजयगढ़ किला|विजयगढ़ किला]]से दृश्य | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sonbhadra.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे सोनभद्र मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = ४ मार्च १९८९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] | named_for = [[Wp/mag/सोननदी|सोननदी]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]]|[[Wp/mag/घोरावल|घोरावल]]|[[Wp/mag/दुधी|दुधी]]|[[Wp/mag/ओबरा, उत्तरप्रदेश|ओबरा]]}} | area_total_km2 = 6,788 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 18,62,559 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भाषा|भाषा]] | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] <ref name="langoff">{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Wp/mag/अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय|अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय]]|access-date=26 दिसम्बर 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 मई 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]]<ref name="langoff"/> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | demographics_type2 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics2_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics2_info1 = ६४% | demographics2_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | demographics2_info2 = ९१८/१००० | demographics2_title3 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जाति|अनुसूचित जाति]] | demographics2_info3 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|421661|1862559|2}} | demographics2_title4 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जनजाति|अनुसूचित जनजाति]] | demographics2_info4 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|385018|1862559|2}} | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = बद्रीनाथ सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा|आइएएस]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/पुलिस अधीक्षक (भारत)|पुलिस अधीक्षक]] | leader_name1 = यशवीर सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पुलिस सेवा|आइपीएस]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-64 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग ३९ (भारत)|रारा-३९]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५ए]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५]]}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://sonbhadra.nic.in/}} }} '''सोनभद्र मण्डल''' (सोनभद्र जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेसके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q607798}} fw0rnbc6892uick21gofsyi4vwbv27v 6706943 6706936 2025-07-10T17:15:59Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = सोनभद्र मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = सोनभद्र जिला | image_skyline = View from the top of Vijay Garh Fort.jpg | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/विजयगढ़ किला|विजयगढ़ किला]]से दृश्य | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sonbhadra.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे सोनभद्र मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = ४ मार्च १९८९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] | named_for = [[Wp/mag/सोननदी|सोननदी]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]]|[[Wp/mag/घोरावल|घोरावल]]|[[Wp/mag/दुधी|दुधी]]|[[Wp/mag/ओबरा, उत्तरप्रदेश|ओबरा]]}} | area_total_km2 = 6,788 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 18,62,559 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भाषा|भाषा]] | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] <ref name="langoff">{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Wp/mag/अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय|अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय]]|access-date=26 दिसम्बर 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 मई 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]]<ref name="langoff"/> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | demographics_type2 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics2_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics2_info1 = ६४% | demographics2_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | demographics2_info2 = ९१८/१००० | demographics2_title3 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जाति|अनुसूचित जाति]] | demographics2_info3 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|421661|1862559|2}} | demographics2_title4 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जनजाति|अनुसूचित जनजाति]] | demographics2_info4 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|385018|1862559|2}} | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = बद्रीनाथ सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा|आइएएस]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/पुलिस अधीक्षक (भारत)|पुलिस अधीक्षक]] | leader_name1 = यशवीर सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पुलिस सेवा|आइपीएस]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-64 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग ३९ (भारत)|रारा-३९]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५ए]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५]]}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://sonbhadra.nic.in/}} }} '''सोनभद्र मण्डल''' (सोनभद्र जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेसके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == विवरण == सोनभद्र मण्डल मूल [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]]से ४ मार्च १९८९ के अलगे कैल गेलै हल । ६,७८८ वर्ग किमी क्षेत्रफलके साथे ई उत्तरप्रदेशके दोसर सबसे बड़ मण्डल हे । ई २३.५२ आउ २५.३२ अंश उत्तरी अक्षांश एवं ८२.७२ आउ ९३.३३ अंश पूर्वी देशान्तरके बीचे स्थित हे । मण्डलके सीमा पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेश|मध्यप्रदेश]], दक्षिणमे [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़|छत्तीसगढ़]], पूर्वमे [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड|झारखण्ड]] आउ [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]] एवं उत्तरमे उत्तरप्रदेशके मिर्जापुर मण्डल हे । रार्बट्सगञ्ज मण्डलके प्रमुख नगर आउ जिला मुख्यालय हे । मण्डलके जनसङ्ख्या १४,६३,५१९ हे आउ एकर जनसङ्ख्या घनत्व उत्तरप्रदेशमे सबसे कम १९८ व्यक्तिप्रति वर्ग किमी हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q607798}} 2qlpwnf97l9h0hwqodxxyd7iksjxt8t 6706946 6706943 2025-07-10T17:17:41Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = सोनभद्र मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = सोनभद्र जिला | image_skyline = View from the top of Vijay Garh Fort.jpg | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/विजयगढ़ किला|विजयगढ़ किला]]से दृश्य | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sonbhadra.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे सोनभद्र मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर प्रमण्डल|मिर्जापुर]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = ४ मार्च १९८९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] | named_for = [[Wp/mag/सोननदी|सोननदी]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]]|[[Wp/mag/घोरावल|घोरावल]]|[[Wp/mag/दुधी|दुधी]]|[[Wp/mag/ओबरा, उत्तरप्रदेश|ओबरा]]}} | area_total_km2 = 6,788 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 18,62,559 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भाषा|भाषा]] | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] <ref name="langoff">{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Wp/mag/अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय|अल्पसङ्ख्यक मामलाके मन्त्रालय]]|access-date=26 दिसम्बर 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 मई 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]]<ref name="langoff"/> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | demographics_type2 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics2_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics2_info1 = ६४% | demographics2_title2 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | demographics2_info2 = ९१८/१००० | demographics2_title3 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जाति|अनुसूचित जाति]] | demographics2_info3 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|421661|1862559|2}} | demographics2_title4 = [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जनजाति|अनुसूचित जनजाति]] | demographics2_info4 = {{Wp/mag/Percent and number|385018|1862559|2}} | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = बद्रीनाथ सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा|आइएएस]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/पुलिस अधीक्षक (भारत)|पुलिस अधीक्षक]] | leader_name1 = यशवीर सिंह, [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पुलिस सेवा|आइपीएस]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-64 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग ३९ (भारत)|रारा-३९]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५ए]]|[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशमे राज्य राजमार्गके सूची|राज्य रा-५]]}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://sonbhadra.nic.in/}} }} '''सोनभद्र मण्डल''' (सोनभद्र जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेसके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == विवरण == सोनभद्र मण्डल मूल [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]]से ४ मार्च १९८९ के अलगे कैल गेलै हल । ६,७८८ वर्ग किमी क्षेत्रफलके साथे ई उत्तरप्रदेशके दोसर सबसे बड़ मण्डल हे । ई २३.५२ आउ २५.३२ अंश उत्तरी अक्षांश एवं ८२.७२ आउ ९३.३३ अंश पूर्वी देशान्तरके बीचे स्थित हे । मण्डलके सीमा पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेश|मध्यप्रदेश]], दक्षिणमे [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़|छत्तीसगढ़]], पूर्वमे [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड|झारखण्ड]] आउ [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]] एवं उत्तरमे उत्तरप्रदेशके मिर्जापुर मण्डल हे । रार्बट्सगञ्ज मण्डलके प्रमुख नगर आउ जिला मुख्यालय हे । मण्डलके जनसङ्ख्या १४,६३,५१९ हे आउ एकर जनसङ्ख्या घनत्व उत्तरप्रदेशमे सबसे कम १९८ व्यक्तिप्रति वर्ग किमी हे । [[Wp/mag/सोननदी|सोननदी]] मण्डलमे पश्चिमसे पूर्व दन्ने बहहे । एकर सहायक नदी [[Wp/mag/रिहन्द परियोजना|रिहन्द]] जे [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़|छत्तीसगढ़]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेश|मध्यप्रदेश]]के पठारसे निकलहे सोनमे मण्डलके केन्द्रमे मिल जा हे । रिहन्द नदी पर बनल [[Wp/mag/गोविन्द बल्लभ पन्त सागर|गोविन्द बल्लभ पन्त सागर]] आंशिक रूपसे मण्डलमे आउ आंशिक रूपसे मध्यप्रदेशमे आवहे । हियैँ पर सोनभद्रसे ८ किमीके दूरी पर कण्डाकोट नामक, ऋषि कण्वके तपोस्थली हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q607798}} lcvl5omztivdgpwbxqpz9c215enc0ts 0 3467248 6706972 6335250 2025-07-10T17:28:22Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = चन्दौली मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = चन्दौली जिला | image_skyline = Rajdari Waterfall 4, Uttar pradesh, India.jpg | image_caption = राजदरी झरना | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Chandauli.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे चन्दौली मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = चन्दौली | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = २० मई १९९७ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = | area_total_km2 = 2,484.70 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 19,52,756 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 242553 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ८०.९% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = ९८४ | demographics_type2 = भाषा | demographics2_title1 = आधिकारिक भाषा | demographics2_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics2_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics2_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] | demographics2_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics2_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''श्री चन्द्रमोहन गर्ग, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name1 = '''[[Wp/mag/चन्दौली (लोकसभा क्षेत्र)|चन्दौली]]''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/वीरेन्द्र सिंह (वाराणसी)|वीरेन्द्र सिंह (वाराणसी)]]''' | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-67 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://chandauli.nic.in/}} }} '''चन्दौली मण्डल''' (चन्दौली जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2733369}} bfeto1g99756ew85uj4obhlfh3t9cpr 6706973 6706972 2025-07-10T17:28:49Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = चन्दौली मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = चन्दौली जिला | image_skyline = Rajdari Waterfall 4, Uttar pradesh, India.jpg | image_caption = राजदरी झरना | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Chandauli.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे चन्दौली मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = चन्दौली | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = २० मई १९९७ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = | area_total_km2 = 2,484.70 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 19,52,756 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 242553 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ८०.९% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = ९८४ | demographics_type2 = भाषा | demographics2_title1 = आधिकारिक भाषा | demographics2_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics2_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics2_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] | demographics2_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics2_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''श्री चन्द्रमोहन गर्ग, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name1 = '''[[Wp/mag/चन्दौली (लोकसभा क्षेत्र)|चन्दौली]]''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/वीरेन्द्र सिंह (वाराणसी)|वीरेन्द्र सिंह (वाराणसी)]]''' | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-67 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://chandauli.nic.in/}} }} '''चन्दौली मण्डल''' (चन्दौली जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2733369}} c25kxdhle5hdlqs1vh8xprxvi048d86 6706975 6706973 2025-07-10T17:29:28Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = चन्दौली मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = चन्दौली जिला | image_skyline = Rajdari Waterfall 4, Uttar pradesh, India.jpg | image_caption = राजदरी झरना | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Chandauli.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे चन्दौली मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = चन्दौली | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = २० मई १९९७ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = | area_total_km2 = 2,484.70 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 19,52,756 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 242553 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ८०.९% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = ९८४ | demographics_type2 = भाषा | demographics2_title1 = आधिकारिक भाषा | demographics2_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics2_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics2_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] | demographics2_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics2_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''श्री चन्द्रमोहन गर्ग, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name1 = '''[[Wp/mag/चन्दौली (लोकसभा क्षेत्र)|चन्दौली]]''' | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = '''[[Wp/mag/वीरेन्द्र सिंह (वाराणसी)|वीरेन्द्र सिंह (वाराणसी)]]''' | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-67 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://chandauli.nic.in/}} }} '''चन्दौली मण्डल''' (चन्दौली जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> वर्ष १९९७ मे [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी मण्डल|वाराणसी मण्डल]]के एक भागके अलगे करके चन्दौली मण्डलके निर्माण कैल गेलै । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली|चन्दौली]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2733369}} aif76gmebbjs911up41vthjkkge2ytz 0 3467249 6706994 6335263 2025-07-10T17:41:37Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = गाजीपुर जिला | image_skyline = Lord Cornwallis Tomb.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]मे [[Wp/mag/चार्ल्स कॉर्नवालिस, प्रथम मार्केस कॉर्नवालिस|लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिस]]के मकबरा | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Ghazipur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे गाजीपुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.61|83.57|type:adm3rd_region:IN_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = गाजीपुर | subdivision_type = दे | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १ जनवरी १८७९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]|[[Wp/mag/मोहम्मदाबाद, गाजीपुर|मोहम्मदाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/जमानिया|जमानिया]]|[[Wp/mag/जखनिया|जखनिया]]|[[Wp/mag/कासिमाबाद, गाजीपुर|कासिमाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/सेओराइ|सेओराइ]]|[[Wp/mag/सैदपुर, गाजीपुर|सैदपुर]]}} | area_total_km2 = 3377 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 36,20,268 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 434,697 | population_est = 42,10,000 | pop_est_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = 74.46%<ref name=districtcensus/> | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = 951 | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''आर्यका अखौरी, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्र | leader_name1 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गाजीपुर]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/mag/अफजल अन्सारी|अफजल अन्सारी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|रारा-२९|रारा-१९|रारा-९७|राज्य रा-३६|राज्य रा-६७|राज्य रा-६९|राज्य रा-९९}} | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = ११०९ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://ghazipur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''गाजीपुर मण्डल''' (गाजीपुर जिला) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1287993}} b7ilhh9eh8jzxmk7wfi1jbm7s7j0c7u 6706995 6706994 2025-07-10T17:42:26Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = गाजीपुर जिला | image_skyline = Lord Cornwallis Tomb.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]मे [[Wp/mag/चार्ल्स कॉर्नवालिस, प्रथम मार्केस कॉर्नवालिस|लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिस]]के मकबरा | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Ghazipur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे गाजीपुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.61|83.57|type:adm3rd_region:IN_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = गाजीपुर | subdivision_type = दे | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १ जनवरी १८७९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]|[[Wp/mag/मोहम्मदाबाद, गाजीपुर|मोहम्मदाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/जमानिया|जमानिया]]|[[Wp/mag/जखनिया|जखनिया]]|[[Wp/mag/कासिमाबाद, गाजीपुर|कासिमाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/सेओराइ|सेओराइ]]|[[Wp/mag/सैदपुर, गाजीपुर|सैदपुर]]}} | area_total_km2 = 3377 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 36,20,268 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 434,697 | population_est = 42,10,000 | pop_est_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = 74.46%<ref name=districtcensus/> | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = 951 | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''आर्यका अखौरी, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्र | leader_name1 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गाजीपुर]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/mag/अफजल अन्सारी|अफजल अन्सारी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|रारा-२९|रारा-१९|रारा-९७|राज्य रा-३६|राज्य रा-६७|राज्य रा-६९|राज्य रा-९९}} | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = ११०९ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://ghazipur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''गाजीपुर मण्डल''' (गाजीपुर जिला) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> वर्ष २०११ मे मण्डलके [[Wp/mag/साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता दर]] ७४.२७% हलै ।<ref name=districtcensus>{{Wp/mag/Cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 11 जून 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1287993}} knc22bfwi2zywplyynrigmw2qzz67l8 6706997 6706995 2025-07-10T17:44:55Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = गाजीपुर जिला | image_skyline = Lord Cornwallis Tomb.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]मे [[Wp/mag/चार्ल्स कॉर्नवालिस, प्रथम मार्केस कॉर्नवालिस|लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिस]]के मकबरा | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Ghazipur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे गाजीपुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.61|83.57|type:adm3rd_region:IN_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = गाजीपुर | subdivision_type = दे | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १ जनवरी १८७९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]|[[Wp/mag/मोहम्मदाबाद, गाजीपुर|मोहम्मदाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/जमानिया|जमानिया]]|[[Wp/mag/जखनिया|जखनिया]]|[[Wp/mag/कासिमाबाद, गाजीपुर|कासिमाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/सेओराइ|सेओराइ]]|[[Wp/mag/सैदपुर, गाजीपुर|सैदपुर]]}} | area_total_km2 = 3377 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 36,20,268 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 434,697 | population_est = 42,10,000 | pop_est_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = 74.46%<ref name=districtcensus/> | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = 951 | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''आर्यका अखौरी, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्र | leader_name1 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गाजीपुर]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/mag/अफजल अन्सारी|अफजल अन्सारी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|रारा-२९|रारा-१९|रारा-९७|राज्य रा-३६|राज्य रा-६७|राज्य रा-६९|राज्य रा-९९}} | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = ११०९ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://ghazipur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''गाजीपुर मण्डल''' (गाजीपुर जिला) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> वर्ष २०११ मे मण्डलके [[Wp/mag/साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता दर]] ७४.२७% हलै ।<ref name=districtcensus>{{Wp/mag/Cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 11 जून 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> == विवरण == मण्डलके पूर्वी सीमा [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]]से लगल हे । एहाँके एक गाँव [[Wp/mag/गहमर|गहमर]] पूरा देशके सबसे बड़ गाँव हे । गाजीपुरके प्राचीन नाम 'गाधिपुरी' हलै जेकरा बदलके गाजीपुर रखल गेलै । प्राचीन समयमे एकर पवित्र स्थानके रूपमे 'छोट काशी' (लहुरी काशी) जानल जा हलै आउ अखनियो कुछ लोग एकरा एही नामसे जानहथिन । गाजीपुरमे [[Wp/mag/अफीम|अफीम]] कारखाना हे । एहाँके मारकण्डे महादेवजी के मन्दिरोके बड़ी मान्यता हे जे कि सैदपुरमे हे । [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]] ई मण्डलसे होके बहहे । गाजीपुरमे [[Wp/mag/लार्ड कार्नवालिस|लार्ड कार्नवालिस]]के मकबरा हे । सैदपुर तहसीलसे उत्तरपूर्व दन्ने स्थित भीतरी गाँवमे [[Wp/mag/स्कन्दगुप्त|स्कन्दगुप्त]]-कालीन अवशेष प्राप्त भेल हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1287993}} 899tbsld8ta4y9fe958kfid6h7axz4q 6706998 6706997 2025-07-10T17:45:50Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}} | other_name = गाजीपुर जिला | image_skyline = Lord Cornwallis Tomb.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]मे [[Wp/mag/चार्ल्स कॉर्नवालिस, प्रथम मार्केस कॉर्नवालिस|लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिस]]के मकबरा | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Ghazipur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे गाजीपुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.61|83.57|type:adm3rd_region:IN_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = गाजीपुर | subdivision_type = दे | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १ जनवरी १८७९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]]|[[Wp/mag/मोहम्मदाबाद, गाजीपुर|मोहम्मदाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/जमानिया|जमानिया]]|[[Wp/mag/जखनिया|जखनिया]]|[[Wp/mag/कासिमाबाद, गाजीपुर|कासिमाबाद]]|[[Wp/mag/सेओराइ|सेओराइ]]|[[Wp/mag/सैदपुर, गाजीपुर|सैदपुर]]}} | area_total_km2 = 3377 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 36,20,268 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 434,697 | population_est = 42,10,000 | pop_est_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = 74.46%<ref name=districtcensus/> | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = 951 | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = '''आर्यका अखौरी, आइएएस''' | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्र | leader_name1 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गाजीपुर]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/mag/अफजल अन्सारी|अफजल अन्सारी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे सड़क|प्रमुख राजमार्ग]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|रारा-२९|रारा-१९|रारा-९७|राज्य रा-३६|राज्य रा-६७|राज्य रा-६९|राज्य रा-९९}} | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = ११०९ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://ghazipur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''गाजीपुर मण्डल''' (गाजीपुर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> वर्ष २०११ मे मण्डलके [[Wp/mag/साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता दर]] ७४.२७% हलै ।<ref name=districtcensus>{{Wp/mag/Cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 11 जून 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> == विवरण == मण्डलके पूर्वी सीमा [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]]से लगल हे । एहाँके एक गाँव [[Wp/mag/गहमर|गहमर]] पूरा देशके सबसे बड़ गाँव हे । गाजीपुरके प्राचीन नाम 'गाधिपुरी' हलै जेकरा बदलके गाजीपुर रखल गेलै । प्राचीन समयमे एकर पवित्र स्थानके रूपमे 'छोट काशी' (लहुरी काशी) जानल जा हलै आउ अखनियो कुछ लोग एकरा एही नामसे जानहथिन । गाजीपुरमे [[Wp/mag/अफीम|अफीम]] कारखाना हे । एहाँके मारकण्डे महादेवजी के मन्दिरोके बड़ी मान्यता हे जे कि सैदपुरमे हे । [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]] ई मण्डलसे होके बहहे । गाजीपुरमे [[Wp/mag/लार्ड कार्नवालिस|लार्ड कार्नवालिस]]के मकबरा हे । सैदपुर तहसीलसे उत्तरपूर्व दन्ने स्थित भीतरी गाँवमे [[Wp/mag/स्कन्दगुप्त|स्कन्दगुप्त]]-कालीन अवशेष प्राप्त भेल हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|गाजीपुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1287993}} myyyitov0yiokc4blwskcj7mlx4z75n 0 3467250 6707015 6335338 2025-07-10T18:06:04Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = जौनपुर मण्डल | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | total_type = कुल | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}<br />{{Wp/mag/Lang|awa|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}} | other_name = जौनपुर जिला | image_skyline = Two-floored exterior facade on the south, Jama Masjid, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India - 20090221.jpg | image_caption = [[Wp/mag/जामा मस्जिद, जौनपुर|जामिया मस्जिद]]मे [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|जौनपुर]] | image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Jaunpur.svg | map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे जौनपुर मण्डलके स्थिति | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके प्रमण्डल|प्रमण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी प्रमण्डल|वाराणसी]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १३५९ | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|जौनपुर]] | parts_type = [[Wp/mag/भारतके तहसील|तहसील]] | parts_style = para | p1 = {{Wp/mag/Hlist|[[Wp/mag/बदलापुर, जौनपुर|बदलापुर]]|[[Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|जौनपुर]]|[[Wp/mag/शाहगञ्ज|शाहगञ्ज]]|[[Wp/mag/मछलीशहर|मछलीशहर]]|[[Wp/mag/मरियाहू|मरियाहू]]|[[Wp/mag/केराकत|केराकत]]}} | area_total_km2 = 4038 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 44,94,204 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 346580 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = जनसाङ्ख्यिकी | demographics1_title1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतमे साक्षरता|साक्षरता]] | demographics1_info1 = ७३.६६% | demographics1_title2 = लिङ्गानुपात | demographics1_info2 = १०१८ | demographics1_title3 = भाषा | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] {{Wp/mag/*}} [[Wp/mag/अवधीभाषा|अवधी]] | leader_title = [[Wp/mag/जिलाधिकारी|जिलाधिकारी]] | leader_name = दिनेश चन्द्र (आइएएस)<ref name="WhosWho">{{Wp/mag/Cite web |title=Who’s Who |url=https://jaunpur.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/ |website=District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh - India |access-date=4 फरवरी 2025}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जौनपुर]] {{Wp/mag/*}} [[Wp/mag/मछलीशहर (लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मछलीशहर]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/mag/सांसद्, लोकसभा|सांसद्, लोकसभा]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/mag/बाबू सिंह कुशवाहा|बाबू सिंह कुशवाहा]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | registration_plate = UP-62 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = औसत वार्षिक वर्षा | blank_info_sec2 = १०९८ मिमि | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://jaunpur.nic.in/|आधिकारिक जालस्थल}} }} '''जौनपुर मण्डल''' (जौनपुर जिला; {{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂧𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂪}}; {{Wp/mag/Lang-awa|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩 𑂔𑂱𑂪𑂰}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके एगो [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] हे । एकर मुख्यालय [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|जौनपुर]] हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] * [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|जौनपुर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1356060}} 6clifta7r6ooohllyth13q3hmx0p15k 0 3475867 6707166 6427178 2025-07-10T20:35:39Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707166 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aurora Puls openair (2 von 9).jpg|thumb|Na rubuta waƙar "[[w: Runaway (Aurora song)|Runaway]]" lokacin ina da shekaru 11. Yana da ban dariya saboda duk sadda na ƙara girma, yakan kara ma’ana gare ni.]] [[w:Aurora (singer)| '''Aurora Aksnes''']] (an haife ta 15 ga watan yuni,a shekara ta 1996), mawakiyar Norway ce, marubuciyar waƙa,, kuma furodusan waka. == Zantuka == * '''Masoya na suna gani na a matsayin mala’ika, amma ni ba mala’ika bace.''' Ni mutum ce kaman kowa daga Norway wacce take rubuta waƙa. Suna bukata daga gare ni abunda nike bukata daga gare su. Zasu yi mamaki idan na taɓa kasancewa muguwa ko kuma a rashin daidai, amma ina so in zama abun koyi na gari. Zaka zama hakan da zarar ka samu masoya. ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20230721174736/https://gigwise.com/features/107749/aurora-interview-on-oasis-david-bowie-fans-weirdos-%26-next-album "Aurora: 'I'm not an angel'" by Andrew Trendell, in ''Gigwise'' (25 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 2016)] [[Category:Wq/ha]] pguy5flni5xf52l7fkca8k4ytz0o5ur 0 3475938 6707310 6225416 2025-07-11T05:21:11Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info 6707310 wikitext text/x-wiki పద్మ అవార్డులు భారత సర్కార్ చియేక మస్తో దండి అవార్డులత్తి ఒకో అవార్డు పద్మ అవార్డు , సాడ, కంపెనీక్, సాహిత్యం, శాస్రం, ఆటహాః.జాతింగ్ సమాజ్ సేవాలూంగ్ కళలుంగ్ చియ్యేక పద్మ అవార్డు.1954 పూసి 2వ తారుకుంగ్ షూరువు ఇదర్ తెర్. భారత దేశ్ తా జాన్ జాతింగ్ ''పద్మ విభూషణ్ అవార్డు, పద్మ భూషణ్ అవార్డు,పద్మశ్రీ అవార్డు'' పెరాడ్ సిచార్. == ఎంపిక == పతి సల్ బావై 1 ,పేతల 15 తారుకుంగ్ పద్మ అవార్డు లూంగ్ సిపారసులున్, భారత ప్రధాని  పద్మ అవార్డుల కమిటీగ్ పవ్ ఇడ్ సవ్, కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం, అన్ని రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వం మంత్రిత్వ శాఖలూంగ్ భారత రత్న, పద్మ విభూషన్, అవార్డు ఎకకేకర్, ఇనిస్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ ఎక్స లెన్స్,మంత్రిక్, ముఖ్య మంత్రిక్, రాష్ట్ర గవర్నర్, పార్లమెంట్ సభ్యులతన సిఫార్సు వసావ్. అనాగ్ వత్తవున్ ప్రధానమంత్రి, రాష్ట్ర పతి ఆమోదం వాయిలడ్ అవార్డ్ కమిటీగ్ సిసద్.  గణతంత్ర దినోత్సవం, దినం అవార్డు ఎకకేకరుంగ్ పతి సల్ పూసి నెలత్ 26 తారుకుంగ్ రాష్టప్రతినే కెయ్యలద్దడ్ సీసర్. == ఎంపిక విధానం == * ప్రతీ సాల, భారత ప్రభుత్వ పద్మ అవార్డు కమిటీ రెకమెండేషన్లున్ వాల్లు తయార్చుతార్. * సిఫార్సులు — రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు, గవర్నర్లు, ముఖ్య మంత్రులు, మంత్రిత్వ శాఖలు, పార్లమెంట్ సభ్యులు, ప్రముఖ సంస్థల నుంచి వస్తయ్. * చివరగా, ప్రధాన మంత్రి, రాష్ట్రపతి ఆమోదంతో అవార్డు లిస్ట్ ఫిక్స్ అవుతుంది. == ముఖ్య గుణాలు == * ఈ అవార్డులకు నగదు బహుమతి లేదు — గౌరవానికి గుర్తుగా ధ్రువపత్రం, తామ్రపత్రం (మెడల్స్) ఇస్తయ్. * పద్మ అవార్డులు జాతీయ స్థాయిలో అత్యంత గౌరవనీయమైన పురస్కారాల్లో ఒకటిగా గుర్తించబడుతయ్. == పద్మ అవార్డుల్ == 1.<nowiki>'''</nowiki>పద్మ విభూషన్ అవార్డు:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> ఇద్ భారత దేశేముత్ రెండవ దండి పౌర పురస్కారం , ఈ అవార్డు బిల్లాగ్ అంసద్. ఇదున్ పోదే దేవనాగరి లిపి నడ్ పద్మ విభూషన్ ఇస వయ్యత్ అంసద్. 2020 సాల్ తన 314 మందిగ్ ఈ అవార్డు సితేర్. [[Category:Wp/nit]] r6omki0xq0tmf3kjo158djnam9lcn0l 0 3488780 6707330 6461151 2025-07-11T06:05:48Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info about Bharat 6707330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''భారతదేశముత్''' జగ్ దునియా దేశాలత్తి నుట నలబైరెండుకోట్లఙ పోదే జనాభాత్ ఒకటవ స్థానంముత్, వైల్పుత్ ఏడవస్థానముత్  గుల్ దండి కుల్హ ప్రజాస్వామ్యమ్త్  దేశం. ఇద్ 29 రాష్ట్రాల్, 8 కేంద్రపాలిత శివార్ లత్తి కలయ్యుత్ , పార్లమెంటరీ వ్యవస్థ బూడ్  రాజ్యం అడిగిపేక  ఒకొ సంఘం . ఇద్ ఎక్కువ సైనిక శక్తి కలయుత్ అనేక దేశాలత్తి ఒకొద్, అణ్వస్త్ర శక్తి అనేక దేశాలత్తి ఒకొ  శివార్త్ శక్తీలాఙ  ఆంసాద్ దక్షణాసియాత్ ఏడు వేల కిలోమీటర్లకు పోదే సముదూర్త్ డర్డీత్ కలయ్యుత్ అనేక అన్త్న , భారత ఉపఖండములత్ పురా భాగంముత్  అనేక భారతదేశం, అనేక చారిత్రక వాణిజ్య పావ్ కలయ్యుత్ అన్సావ్ . దక్షిణాన హిందూ మహాసముద్రం, పశ్చిమాన అరేబియా సముద్రం, తూర్పున బంగాళాఖాతం బందిక్ లాగ్ అంసాద్.  పాకిస్తాన్, చైనా, మయన్మార్, బంగ్లాదేశ్, నేపాల్, భూటాన్ ఆఫ్ఘానిస్తాన్ దేశాలత్తి శివారులత్తి పయ్యే కద్.  శ్రీలంక, మాల్దీవులు ఇండోనేసియా భారతదేశం మేర  ద్వీప-దేశాలు. ఇద్ సింధు లోయ నాగరికతఙ పుట్టిల్లు. హిందూ మతము, బౌద్ధ మతము, జైన మతము, సిక్కు మతము జన్మ సితున్. ఇద్ బహుభాషా, బహుళ జాతితా సంఘము. ఇద్ దుష్రు అడవితా జనవర్లే  దేశం. జనాభాత్ భారతదేశం 2023 సైతా  చైనాన్ దాట్తున్. మౌర్య సామ్రాజ్య కాలముత్ ఇండి శివార్ల్ లున్ సాయుత్  దాటుత్  ఒకో రాజ్ పాలనత్ అనేఙ, మల్ల  సిన్న రాజ్యాము  వేగ్రీ ఎద్దవ్  . 18 వ శతాబ్దముత్ బ్రిటిష్ ఈస్ట్ ఇండియా కంపెనీ  ఈ రాజ్యాలున్  ఇదారేకందుంఙ వయ్యలాడ్ బ్రిటీష్ కంపెనీ బూడ్ వత్తున్ . 19 వ శతాబ్దముత్ నడుము తన   యునైటెడ్ కింగ్డమ్ పాలన వత్తున్. మహాత్మా గాంధీ నాయకత్వామున్ స్వాతంత్ర్యం వయ్యడ్ ఎద్ద లాడెయి తర్వాత 1947 త్ ఒకొ స్వతంత్ర దేశం లగ్  ఎద్దున్ .1991 త్ మార్కెట్ ఆధార్న్డ్  భారతదేశం జోర్నాడ్  సుద్దిర్లేక  ఆర్థిక దేశాలత్తి ఒకొద్. గరీబ్,సడ తొద్, లంచం, అల్లి అంబా లాంటివ్ సుదర్లిఙ ఇడ్సతొద్. == పుట్త్ హుజర్త్వ్ == భారతదేశముఙ మొత్తం నాలుగు పేర్లు అన్స్వ్ ఇస ఇడుఙ వంద్. ఇదున్ తోలే జంబూ ద్వీపం. ఇద్ వేదాలత్తి భారతదేశముఙ సితా పేర్, ఇన్డి హిందూ మత ప్రార్థనలత్ ఈ పేర్ ఉపయోగిస్తేర్ (ఉదా: జంబూ ద్వీపే, మేరో దక్షిణభాగే, శ్రీశైల ఉత్తర భాగే, కృష్ణా గోదావారీ నడుము స్థానే...). జంబూ ఇంత్తే "నేరేడు" పండ్ తొదా "గిన్నె కాయ", ఈ దేశముత్ ఎక్కువ నేరేడు పండ్లు అంశావ్. ఇంతే ఇద్న్ పేర్ వత్తున్. తరువాత వత్హ పేర్ "భారతదేశం" తొదా "భరతవర్షం", ఈ పేర్త్ రాజునే పేర్ పోదే వత్తున్, ఈ రాజునే పేర్ "భరతుడు". ఇమ్ద్ విశ్వామిత్ర, మేనకల కొమ్మహ ఇత్తె శకుంతల పొరక్. మల్ల పేర్ హిందూదేశం, ఇద్ సింధూనది పేర్ పోదే వత్తున్ , తొలే పర్షియనులు, గ్రీకులు సింధూనదిఙ ఆవల అనేక దేశం ఇసర్. మల్ల హిందూదేశం ఎడ్డప్పుడు ఇదున్ ఇండియా ఇనేక పేర్ బ్రిటీషు (ఆంగ్లేయులు) లద్దడ్ , ఇండి భారతదేశుంగ్ ఇంది ప్రభుత్వ గుర్తింపు కత్హ్ పేర్ ఆన్సవ్. అదవ్ ఇండియా, భారతదేశం హిందూస్తాన్ ఇనేకద్ హిందూదేశం రూపమీ. == చరిత్ర == భారతదేశ చరిత్ర మధ్య ప్రదేశ్త్ భింబెట్కాత్ పుట్త్ గుండ్ల్యుగమ్త్ గుడ్త్ ఎల్లాక్, బొమ్మహ భారతదేశముత్ మాన్క్ రే తొలేనితా ఆధారా అంశావ్. తోలే నిత ఎల్లాక్ 9,000 సాల్క్ బూడ్ ఎద్దేవ్. క్రి.పూ. 7000 కాలముత్ తోలే నియోలిథిక్ జాగా గాలి మూల పక్కఙ పాకిస్తాన్త్ మెహర్గర్, మల్ల ఉపఖండపు శివార్ లత్తి కన్ కిల్ సవ్. ఆనాయి సింధుాలోవత్ నాగరికత సుద్రిలేకద్, తెల్లఙడ్ పక్కఙ ఆసియాత్ తోలే పట్టమ్త్ సంస్కృతి . సుద్రిలేకద్ ఎద్దున్. ఇద్ క్రీ.పూ.26 వ శతాబ్దం, క్రీ.పూ.20 వ శతాబ్దం నడుము కాలంముత్త సింధులోవ నాగరికత. క్రీ.పూ.5 వ శతాబ్దం తన, స్వతంత్ర రాజ్యాలు ఎద్దేవ్ . పోద్ పడ్న్ పక్కఙ భారతముత్, మౌర్య సామ్రాజ్యం, భారతీయ సాంస్కృతిక విసరా విలువైత్ సేవ ఇదరేకద్ ఎద్దున్. అశోకుడు ఈ కన్ద్త్ రాజు. తర్వాత వత్హ గుప్తులకాలం బంఙర్త్ యుగం మిసర్ . తెల్లఙడ్, కాలాలత్తి చాళుక్యులు, చేర, చోళులు, పల్లవులు, పాండ్యులు రాజేం అడిగి ప్ తెర్. విజ్ఞాన శాస్త్రం, కళలు, సారస్వతం, భారతీయ గణితం, భారతీయ ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం, సాంకేతిక శాస్త్రం, భారతీయ మతములు, భారతీయ తత్వ శాస్త్రం తొలేనితావ్ ఈ కాలంముత్ పేర్ సెద్దేవ్. ఇంది సహస్రాబ్దిత్ తురుష్కులే దండయాత్రత్, భారతదేశం ఎక్కువ భాగామ్ ఢిల్లీ సుల్తాన్, తరువాత మొగలులు రాజేం ఆడిప్ తెర్. ఇంతే, అసలుంతే తెలంఙడ్త్ సామ్రాజ్యాలున్ అధికారామున్ ఇల్ పేతేవ్.ఇంది సహస్రాబ్ది నడుము, పోర్చుగల్, ఫ్రాన్స్, ఇంగ్లండు ఓటవ్ ఐరోపా రాజ్యాలు వీరేంఙ వస భారతదేశముత్ , చిన్న చిన్న రాజ్యాము అన్త్న్ ఇత్త పరిస్థితిన్ ఓలుత్ , జాగా ఇదర్ తెర్.బ్రిటిషు ఈస్ట్ ఇండియా కంపెనీ పోదే 1857త్ జర్గుత్ తిరుగుబాటు (ఇద్, పేర్ సేద్హ తొలేనిత స్వాతంత్ర్య లాడెయి) తరువాత, భారతదేశంముత్ భాగం బ్రిటిషు సామ్రాజ్యం బూడ్ వత్తున్ జాతిపిత మహాత్మా గాంధీ నాయకత్వముత్ జర్గ్త్ స్వాతంత్ర్య లాడెయి వైలడ్ 1947 పొర నెల 15న భారతదేశముఙ స్వతంత్రం వత్తున్. 1950 పూసి 26న సర్వసత్తాక, ప్రజాస్వామ్య, గణతంత్ర రాజ్యఙ ఎద్దున్.జాతిక్, మతాహ దేశంఙ భారతదేశం – జాతి, మత ఇస జగడ ఎద్దవ్. ఇంతే గినా, లౌకిక, ప్రాజాస్వామ్య లక్షణాన్ని కాపాడ్స్ వత్తం . 1975, 1977 మధ్యకాలంముత్ అప్పుడ్త్ ప్రధానమంత్రి ఇందిరా గాంధీ ఇట్హ్ ఎమర్జెన్సీ కాలంముత్ మనకకేరే హక్కుల తక్క్ లీబ్. ఎద్దున్. భారత దేశముఙ చైనాత అనేక శివార్ జగడ ఎద్దున్. కారణం 1962త్ లాడెయి ఎద్దున్. పాకిస్తాన్తో 1947, 1965, 1971సాల్క్ లత్తి లాడెయి ఎద్దేవ్ . అలీనోద్యమముత్ భారతదేశం ఇదర్త్ సభ్యురాలు. 1974త్, భారత్ తన తోలే అణు పరీక్షన్ ఇదర్త్వ్. 1998త్ మల్ల ఐదు పరీక్ష ఇదర్ తెర్. 1991లో జర్గ్త్ ఆర్ధిక సంస్కరణల్ జగ్ దునియత్ సుదరల్లేక దేశాలత్తి ఒక్కొద్. == రాష్ట్ర, కేంద్ర పాలిత శివార్ల్ == 1.ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ 2.అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్ 3.అస్సాం 4.బీహార్ 5.చత్తీస్ గఢ్ 6.గోవా 7.గుజరాత్ 8.హర్యానా 9.హిమాచల్ ప్రదేశ్ 10.జార్ఖండ్ 11.కర్ణాటక 12.కేరళ 13.మధ్యప్రదేశ్ 14.మహారాష్ట్ర 15.మణిపూర్ 16.మేఘాలయ 17.మిజోరాం 18.నాగాలాండ్ 19.ఒడిషా 20.పంజాబ్ 21.రాజస్థాన్ 22.సిక్కిం 23.తమిళనాడు 24.తెలంగాణ 25.త్రిపుర 26.ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్ 27.ఉత్తరాఖండ్ 28.పశ్చిమబెంగాల్ '''● కేంద్రపాలిత శివార్ల్''' 1.అండమాన్ నికోబార్ దీవిక్ 2. చండీగడ్ 3.దాద్రా నగర్ హవేలీ, డామన్ 4.డయ్యూ 5.జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్ 6.లడఖ్ 7.లక్షద్వీప్ 8.ఢిల్లీ 9.పాండిచ్చేరి == జాతీయ గుర్తుహు == ● జాతీయ జెండా: ముదీ రఙూల జెండా ● జాతీయ ముద్ర: నాలుగు తల్క్ కుల సివ్వినే బొమ్మ. ● జాతీయ గీతం: జనగణమన. ● జాతీయ పాట: వందేమాతరం. ● జాతీయ పిట్ట: నెమ్లి (పావో క్రిస్టాటస్) ● జాతీయ జన్వార్ : పుల్ (రాయల్ బెంగాల్ టైగర్). ● జాతీయ మాక్: మర్రి మాక్. ●జాతీయ ఆట: హాకీ ●జాతీయ పుతా: కమలం (తామర) ●జాతీయ క్యాలెండర్: శక క్యాలెండర్ (శక సం. పు క్యాలెండర్) ● జాతీయ పండ్: మామిడి ఫన్ == ముఖ్యమైన జాతీయ సంగ్రహాలు == జాతీయ నది: గంగ, బ్రహ్మపుత్ర, యమున్నా. జాతీయ వన్యప్రాణి: బంగాళా పులి. జాతీయ పక్షి: నెమలి (Indian eagle). జాతీయ జంతువు: అరవళ్లు (పులి ప్రధానంగా పరిగణించబడుతుంది). జాతీయ ఆట: హాకీ – భారతదేశం పొలాలో నాలుగుసార్లు ఒలింపిక్స్‌ గెలిచింది. == ఆర్థిక ఒరవడి == భారత్ సోవరకరణ– 1991లో ఆర్థిక సంస్కరణల ద్వారా “సంక్షేమాత్మక రిలైబ్రల్‌ కమ్యూనిజం” నుంచి మార్కెట్ ఆధారిత వ్యవస్థకు మారింది. తక్కువ అవకాశ, ఉన్నత వృద్ధి రేటు – ఐ.ఎం.ఎఫ్. ఆధారంగా గరిష్టంగా 7–8% GDP వృద్ధి సాధించబడింది. సేవల రంగం, సమాచార సాంకేతిక రంగంలో ప్రపంచ స్థాయిలో గుర్తింపు. గ్రామీణ ఉపాధి పెంపు – MGNREGA, స్వచ్ఛ భారత్‌ వంటి పథకాల ద్వారా. == భౌగోళిక విభాగం == ఉత్తరంలో – హిమాలయాలు, తూర్పు – బంగాళాఖాతం, దక్షిణం – భారత మహాసముద్రం, పశ్చిమం – అరేబియా సముద్రం. ప్రధాన నదులతో పాటు – గోదావరి, కృష్ణా, నర్మద, కోయనా, తప్తి. విభిన్న వాతావరణ విభాగాలు – మంచు, మోసంవర్షుల వైవిధ్యం, తూపు పరిధి. == పరిపాలన విభాగం == == రాష్ట్రాలు == ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ అరుణాచల ప్రదేశ్ అస్సాం ... (27 రాష్ట్రాల జాబితా మీతో పనిచేస్తుంది) == కేంద్ర పాలిత ప్రాంతాలు == అండమాన్ & నికోబార్ ఢిల్లీ జమ్మూ & కాశ్మీరు ... (9 ప్రాంతాలు) == పార్లమెంటరీ వ్యవస్థ == రెండు సభలు: లోక్‌సభ (545 సభ్యులు), రాజ్య‌సభ (~245 సభ్యులు). ప్రధాని వారి సభప్రధాన్యాన్ని నిర్వహించవచ్చు. ముఖ్యమంత్రులు ప్రతి రాష్ట్ర స్థాయిలో రాజ్యాధిపతుల సహకారంతో ప్రభుత్వాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేస్తారు. == విద్య & పరిశోధన == IITలు, IISc, AIIMS, NITలు – ప్రపంచ -స్థాయి సంస్థలు. విద్యాసంస్థలు: విదేశీ విద్యార్హత, స్థాయి పెరిగినవి. NRIs పరిశోధన రంగాలు, గ్లోబల్ కంపెనీలు. Swachh Bharat Mission – గ్రామీయ, పట్టణ ప్రాంతాల శుభ్రత. == సంస్కృతి & ప్రజాస్వామ్యం == 200+ ప్రాంతీయ భాషా– సంస్కృతీ విలువలు – తెలుగు, హిందీ, తమిళ్, బెంగాలీ ... , ధార్మిక వైవిధ్యం – హిందూ, ఇస్లాం, బౌద్ధ, క్రైస్తవ, జైన, సిద్ధ, ఇతరులు. ప్రధాన పండుగలు – దీపావళి, హోలీ, ఉగాది, బసంత్ పంచమి, శ్రావణీం, బుద్ధ పూర్ణిమ. == ఆధునిక సామాజిక సవాళ్లు == నిరుద్యోగం, పేదరికం, మహిళల సాధికారత, సూక్ష్మవృత్తుల వృద్ధి. వాతావరణ మార్పు – మంచు క్షయం, సముద్రనీటి పెరుగుదల. ప్రజాస్వామ్య సమీక్ష – MGNREGA, RTI, Women Reservation Bills. == తుదిశబ్దం == భారతదేశం సమకం ఆధునికతను, సంస్కృతీ, ప్రజాస్వామ్యాన్ని వర్తించే ఒక ప్రజాస్వామ్య గణతంత్ర. నేటి దశలో దేశ అభివృద్ధికి అనేక విధానాలు, సవాళ్లు సమకూర్చుకున్నప్పటికీ ఆవులను అధిగమించడానికి యత్నిస్తోంది. == ఆధునిక భారతదేశం - విస్తృత సమాచారం == == జాతీయ గుర్తింపులు == '''జాతీయ జెండా:''' త్రివర్ణ పతాకం (నారింజ, తెలుపు, ఆకుపచ్చ), మధ్యలో 24 spokes కలిగిన అశోక చక్రం. '''జాతీయ ముద్ర:''' సారనాథ్ సింహస్తంభం (నాలుగు సింహాలు). '''జాతీయ గీతం:''' జన గణ మన (రచయిత: రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్). '''జాతీయ పాట:''' వందే మాతరం (రచయిత: బంకిమ్ చంద్ర ఛటర్జీ). '''జాతీయ పక్షి:''' నెమలి (Peacock). '''జాతీయ జంతువు:''' రాయల్ బెంగాల్ పులి. '''జాతీయ పువ్వు:''' తామర (Lotus). '''జాతీయ పండు:''' మామిడి (Mango). '''జాతీయ క్రీడ:''' హాకీ. '''జాతీయ క్యాలెండర్:''' శక కేలండర్. == ఆర్థిక దృష్టికోణం == 1991లో ప్రారంభమైన ఆర్థిక సంస్కరణల తర్వాత భారత్ ఒక వికాసశీల ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థగా మారింది. సేవల రంగం, ఐటి రంగం దేశ వృద్ధికి ముఖ్యభూమిక వహిస్తున్నాయి. దిగుమతి, ఎగుమతుల ఆధారంగా ప్రపంచ మార్కెట్‌లో భారత్ ప్రాభవాన్ని పెంచుకుంటోంది. పేదరిక నిర్మూలనకు MNREGA, జనధన యోజన వంటి పథకాలు ప్రారంభించబడ్డాయి. == భౌగోళిక పరిస్థితి == ఉత్తరాన హిమాలయాలు, దక్షిణాన హిందూ మహాసముద్రం. ప్రధాన నదులు: గంగ, బ్రహ్మపుత్ర, యమునా, గోదావరి, కృష్ణా. భారతదేశం విస్తీర్ణం: సుమారు 32.87 లక్షల చ.కి.మీ. వాతావరణం: ఉష్ణమండల వాతావరణం నుంచి శీతల వాతావరణం వరకు వైవిధ్యం. === పరిపాలన వ్యవస్థ === పార్లమెంటరీ ప్రజాస్వామ్య వ్యవస్థ కలిగిన గణతంత్ర దేశం. రెండు సభలు: లోక్‌సభ, రాజ్యసభ. రాష్ట్రపతి భారతదేశానికి రాజ్యాంగపరమైన అధిపతి. ప్రధాని ప్రభుత్వాధిపతి. కేంద్రం-రాష్ట్రాల మధ్య సహకార ఫెడరలిజం వ్యవస్థ ఉంది. == రాష్ట్రాలు మరియు కేంద్ర పాలిత ప్రాంతాలు == '''రాష్ట్రాలు:''' 28 '''కేంద్ర పాలిత ప్రాంతాలు:''' 8 (ఉదా: ఢిల్లీ, పాండిచ్చేరి, జమ్మూ & కాశ్మీర్, లడఖ్) == సంస్కృతి & భాషలు == భారతదేశం బహుభాషా, బహుజాతి, బహుసాంస్కృతిక దేశం. అధికార భాషలు: హిందీ, ఇంగ్లీష్. ఇతర భాషలు: తెలుగు, తమిళం, బెంగాలీ, మరాఠీ, ఉర్దూ, గుజరాతీ, పంజాబీ. ప్రధాన మతాలు: హిందూ, ఇస్లాం, క్రైస్తవం, బౌద్ధం, సిక్కిజం, జైనిజం. == భారతదేశ చరిత్రలో ముఖ్యమైన సంఘటనలు == సింధు లోయ నాగరికత – భారత తొలి నాగరికత. మహాభారత, రామాయణ కాలం – పురాణిక చరిత్ర భాగాలు. మౌర్య సామ్రాజ్యం – అశోకుడి పాలనలో గరిష్ఠత. గుప్తుల కాలం – భారత సువర్ణయుగం. బ్రిటిష్ పాలన – 1858 నుంచి 1947 వరకు. స్వాతంత్ర్య సమరయోధులు: మహాత్మా గాంధీ, సుభాష్ చంద్రబోస్, బాలగంగాధర్ తిలక్, తదితరులు. 1947, ఆగస్ట్ 15: స్వాతంత్ర్య దినోత్సవం. 1950, జనవరి 26: గణతంత్ర దినోత్సవం. {{INTERWIKI|Q668}} [[Category:Wp/nit]] mndi2c11hxwqm6go83wvzbieau809fc 0 3495400 6706916 6335041 2025-07-10T17:02:46Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement |name = भदोही |type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] |native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲}} |image = |image_caption = |pushpin_label = भदोही |pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश |coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.39|82.56|display = inline, title}} |pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|भदोही मण्डल]] |elevation_m = 85 |population_total = 94620 |population_as_of = 2011 |demographics_type1 = भाषा |demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित |demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] |timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामस]] |utc_offset1 = +०५:३० |postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] |postal_code = 221401 |area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड |area_code = |registration_plate = UP-66 |website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://Bhadohi.nic.in/}} }} '''भदोही''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|भदोही मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|भदोही मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1557962}} 1lbfgfsxs9fcw920omwl8nu6vjqtx8q 6706917 6706916 2025-07-10T17:03:16Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement |name = भदोही |type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] |native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲}} |image = |image_caption = |pushpin_label = भदोही |pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश |coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.39|82.56|display = inline, title}} |pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|भदोही मण्डल]] |elevation_m = 85 |population_total = 94620 |population_as_of = 2011 |demographics_type1 = भाषा |demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित |demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] |timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामस]] |utc_offset1 = +०५:३० |postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] |postal_code = 221401 |area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड |area_code = |registration_plate = UP-66 |website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://Bhadohi.nic.in/}} }} '''भदोही''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂦𑂠𑂷𑂯𑂲}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|भदोही मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल|भदोही मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भदोही मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1557962}} qklw8m24w2r7aauyfrei1ephxvlbdx8 0 3495405 6706985 6335045 2025-07-10T17:34:31Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = चन्दौली | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲}} | native_name_lang = भोजपुरी | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = भारतवर्षे उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.27|N|83.27|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डलमण्डल|उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डलमण्डल]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल|चन्दौली]] | established_title = <!-- स्थापनी --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2484.70 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 70 | population_total = 23,020 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics1_title2 = अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/उर्दू|उर्दू]] | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/डाक सूचकाङ्क सङ्ख्या|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 232104 | registration_plate = UP-67 | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|www.chandauli.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''चन्दौली''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂸𑂪𑂲}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल|चन्दौली मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल|चन्दौली मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चन्दौली मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2733368}} pjj95p67dqo1oun3ulohwmw3cnzhic4 0 3495415 6707004 6335055 2025-07-10T17:52:20Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩}} | native_name_lang = भोजपुरी | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | image_skyline = Tomb of Lord Cornwallis.jpg | image_alt = yes | image_caption = बङ्गालके गभर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिसके मकबरा | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश#भारत | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = भारतवर्षके उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.58|N|83.57|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर]] | established_title = बसल | established_date = ३५०-३०० ईसा पूर्व | founder = सैय्यद मसूद गाजी<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book | title=Ghazipur Gazetteer: Being Volume XXIX of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh | year=1909 | publisher=संयुक्त प्रदेश सरकार | url=https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/ghazipur-gazetteer-being-volume-xxix-district-gazetteers-united-provinces-agra-and-oudh | access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> | named_for = | government_type = नगरपरिषद | governing_body = गाजीपुर नगरपरिषद | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = सरिता अग्रवाल | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 36.6 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 110587<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=2011 census of India.|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_urban = | population_urban_footnotes = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_rural = | population_rural_footnotes = | population_density_rural_km2 = | population_density_rural_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_metro_footnotes = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_rank = 391 | population_density_rank = | population_blank1_title = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | population_blank1 = ९०२ [[Wp/mag/महिला|♀]]/१००० [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]] | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank2_km2 = | population_density_blank2_sq_mi = | population_demonym = गाजीपुरिया | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/डाक सूचकाङ्क सङ्ख्या|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 233001 | area_code = 91-548 | area_code_type = टेलीफोन कोड | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|www.ghazipur.nic.in/}} | population_density = | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics1_title2 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | official_name = | image_map1 = | other_name = | nickname = शहीदके नगर | established_title1 = स्थापना | established_date1 = १३३० | established_title2 = [[Wp/mag/निगमित समुदाय|आधिकारिक रूपसे निगमित]] | established_date2 = १८२० }} '''गाजीपुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1006321}} g5h8ilww7nom2e7bfb5edfnypcuq515 6707008 6707004 2025-07-10T17:55:15Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩}} | native_name_lang = भोजपुरी | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | image_skyline = Tomb of Lord Cornwallis.jpg | image_alt = yes | image_caption = बङ्गालके गभर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिसके मकबरा | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश#भारत | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = भारतवर्षके उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.58|N|83.57|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर]] | established_title = बसल | established_date = ३५०-३०० ईसा पूर्व | founder = सैय्यद मसूद गाजी<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book | title=Ghazipur Gazetteer: Being Volume XXIX of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh | year=1909 | publisher=संयुक्त प्रदेश सरकार | url=https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/ghazipur-gazetteer-being-volume-xxix-district-gazetteers-united-provinces-agra-and-oudh | access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> | named_for = | government_type = नगरपरिषद | governing_body = गाजीपुर नगरपरिषद | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = सरिता अग्रवाल | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 36.6 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 110587<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=2011 census of India.|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_urban = | population_urban_footnotes = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_rural = | population_rural_footnotes = | population_density_rural_km2 = | population_density_rural_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_metro_footnotes = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_rank = 391 | population_density_rank = | population_blank1_title = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | population_blank1 = ९०२ [[Wp/mag/महिला|♀]]/१००० [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]] | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank2_km2 = | population_density_blank2_sq_mi = | population_demonym = गाजीपुरिया | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/डाक सूचकाङ्क सङ्ख्या|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 233001 | area_code = 91-548 | area_code_type = टेलीफोन कोड | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|www.ghazipur.nic.in/}} | population_density = | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics1_title2 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | official_name = | image_map1 = | other_name = | nickname = शहीदके नगर | established_title1 = स्थापना | established_date1 = १३३० | established_title2 = [[Wp/mag/निगमित समुदाय|आधिकारिक रूपसे निगमित]] | established_date2 = १८२० }} '''गाजीपुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । ई [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]]के किनारे स्थित हे । ई नगर उत्तरप्रदेश आउ [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]]के सीमाके बड़ी भिरु स्थित हे । एहाँके स्थानीय भाषा [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] हे । ई [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी|बनारस]]से ७० कि०मी० पूर्वमे स्थित हे । गाजीपुरके लहुरी काशियो कहल जा हे । गाजीपुर मण्डलके बड़ीमनी युवा [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सेना|भारतीय सेना]]से जुड़ल हथिन एहीसे गाजीपुर मण्डलके वीरोके धरती कहल जा हे । मरणोपरान्त परमवीर चक्रसे सम्मानित वीर [[Wp/mag/अब्दुल हमीद|अब्दुल हमीद]] एहैँके रहेवाला हथिन । एसियाके सबसे बड़ गाँव [[Wp/mag/गहमर|गहमर]] एही मण्डलके भाग हे । जन्ने आझो लगभग सब घरके न्यूनतम एक लोग सेनामे तैनात हथिन ।<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-VAR-LCL-army-day-special-story-on-troops-village-gahmar-in-ghazipur-5791488-PHO.html एशिया का सबसे बड़ा गांव है ये, जहां हर घर में पैदा होते हैं सोलजर], [[Wp/mag/दैनिक भास्कर|दैनिक भास्कर]]।</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1006321}} 2018xsv610y2z7rjk0l4bjjps29z4n7 6707009 6707008 2025-07-10T17:57:30Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = गाजीपुर | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩}} | native_name_lang = भोजपुरी | settlement_type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | image_skyline = Tomb of Lord Cornwallis.jpg | image_alt = yes | image_caption = बङ्गालके गभर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिसके मकबरा | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश#भारत | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = भारतवर्षके उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.58|N|83.57|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/झण्डा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर]] | established_title = बसल | established_date = ३५०-३०० ईसा पूर्व | founder = सैय्यद मसूद गाजी<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book | title=Ghazipur Gazetteer: Being Volume XXIX of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh | year=1909 | publisher=संयुक्त प्रदेश सरकार | url=https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/ghazipur-gazetteer-being-volume-xxix-district-gazetteers-united-provinces-agra-and-oudh | access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> | named_for = | government_type = नगरपरिषद | governing_body = गाजीपुर नगरपरिषद | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = सरिता अग्रवाल | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 36.6 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 110587<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite web|title=2011 census of India.|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_urban = | population_urban_footnotes = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_rural = | population_rural_footnotes = | population_density_rural_km2 = | population_density_rural_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_metro_footnotes = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_rank = 391 | population_density_rank = | population_blank1_title = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | population_blank1 = ९०२ [[Wp/mag/महिला|♀]]/१००० [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]] | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank2_km2 = | population_density_blank2_sq_mi = | population_demonym = गाजीपुरिया | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = आधिकारिक | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामास]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/डाक सूचकाङ्क सङ्ख्या|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 233001 | area_code = 91-548 | area_code_type = टेलीफोन कोड | registration_plate = UP-61 | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|www.ghazipur.nic.in/}} | population_density = | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | demographics1_title2 = क्षेत्रीय | demographics1_info2 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] | official_name = | image_map1 = | other_name = | nickname = शहीदके नगर | established_title1 = स्थापना | established_date1 = १३३० | established_title2 = [[Wp/mag/निगमित समुदाय|आधिकारिक रूपसे निगमित]] | established_date2 = १८२० }} '''गाजीपुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂏𑂰𑂔𑂲𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । ई [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]]के किनारे स्थित हे । ई नगर उत्तरप्रदेश आउ [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]]के सीमाके बड़ी भिरु स्थित हे । एहाँके स्थानीय भाषा [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] हे । ई [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी|बनारस]]से ७० कि०मी० पूर्वमे स्थित हे । गाजीपुरके लहुरी काशियो कहल जा हे । गाजीपुर मण्डलके बड़ीमनी युवा [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सेना|भारतीय सेना]]से जुड़ल हथिन एहीसे गाजीपुर मण्डलके वीरोके धरती कहल जा हे । मरणोपरान्त परमवीर चक्रसे सम्मानित वीर [[Wp/mag/अब्दुल हमीद|अब्दुल हमीद]] एहैँके रहेवाला हथिन । एसियाके सबसे बड़ गाँव [[Wp/mag/गहमर|गहमर]] एही मण्डलके भाग हे । जन्ने आझो लगभग सब घरके न्यूनतम एक लोग सेनामे तैनात हथिन ।<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-VAR-LCL-army-day-special-story-on-troops-village-gahmar-in-ghazipur-5791488-PHO.html एशिया का सबसे बड़ा गांव है ये, जहां हर घर में पैदा होते हैं सोलजर], [[Wp/mag/दैनिक भास्कर|दैनिक भास्कर]]।</ref> गाजीपुर अङ्ग्रेज द्वारा १८२० मे स्थापित, एसियामे सबसे बड़ [[Wp/mag/अफीम|अफीम]]के कारखानाला प्रख्यात हे । एहाँ हथकरघा आउ इत्र उद्योगो हे । ब्रिटिश भारतके गभर्नर जनरल [[Wp/mag/लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिस|लॉर्ड कॉर्नवालिस]]के मृत्यु एहैँ भेल हल आउ ऊ एहैँ दफन हथिन । [[Wp/mag/सैदपुर, गाजीपुर|सैदपुर]] गाजीपुरके एक सबसे व्यापक तहसील हे । सैदपुरके भीतरीमे [[Wp/mag/गुप्त साम्राज्य|गुप्त साम्राज्य]] द्वारा बनावल गेल स्तम्भ लेख हे जेकरा इतिहासमे भीतरीके स्तम्भ लेखके नामसे जानल जा हे आउ एही एक सदी पुरान विष्णु मन्दिरो हे जे अखनि जर्जर अवस्थामे हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल|गाजीपुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गाजीपुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1006321}} 6hd90646c1r3na5jksri3we7f3ey92q 0 3495423 6707017 6335064 2025-07-10T18:10:27Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = जौनपुर | type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩}} | nickname = | image = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur.jpg | image_caption = नदीके ऊपरे पुरान जमानाके मेहराबदार सेतु | pushpin_label = जौनपुर | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.73|82.68|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १३५९ | founder = [[Wp/mag/फिरोज शाह तुगलक|फिरोज शाह तुगलक]] | named_for = मुहम्मद बिन तुगलकके भाई जौना खान | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]] | population_total = 44,94,204 | population_as_of = 2024 | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरीभाषा]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भारतीय मानक समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 222001 | registration_plate = UP62 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 22,20,465/22,73,739 [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]]/[[Wp/mag/स्त्री|♀]] | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://jaunpur.nic.in}} }} '''जौनपुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1025475}} 818glf9qa74hlyzk47yet9nnmwxlaa8 6707018 6707017 2025-07-10T18:11:06Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = जौनपुर | type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩}} | nickname = | image = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur.jpg | image_caption = नदीके ऊपरे पुरान जमानाके मेहराबदार सेतु | pushpin_label = जौनपुर | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.73|82.68|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १३५९ | founder = [[Wp/mag/फिरोज शाह तुगलक|फिरोज शाह तुगलक]] | named_for = मुहम्मद बिन तुगलकके भाई जौना खान | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]] | population_total = 44,94,204 | population_as_of = 2024 | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरीभाषा]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भारतीय मानक समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 222001 | registration_plate = UP62 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 22,20,465/22,73,739 [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]]/[[Wp/mag/स्त्री|♀]] | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://jaunpur.nic.in}} }} '''जौनपुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । पहिले ई मण्डल पर [[Wp/mag/गुप्त वंश|गुप्त वंश]]के आधिपत्य हलै ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1025475}} 7jhtx7w364gr6jpxn80tsv5fl10pt2n 6707020 6707018 2025-07-10T18:13:14Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6707020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = जौनपुर | type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩}} | nickname = | image = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur.jpg | image_caption = नदीके ऊपरे पुरान जमानाके मेहराबदार सेतु | pushpin_label = जौनपुर | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.73|82.68|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = १३५९ | founder = [[Wp/mag/फिरोज शाह तुगलक|फिरोज शाह तुगलक]] | named_for = मुहम्मद बिन तुगलकके भाई जौना खान | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]] | population_total = 44,94,204 | population_as_of = 2024 | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरीभाषा]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भारतीय मानक समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 222001 | registration_plate = UP62 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 22,20,465/22,73,739 [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]]/[[Wp/mag/स्त्री|♀]] | website = {{Wp/mag/URL|http://jaunpur.nic.in}} }} '''जौनपुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂔𑂸𑂢𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । पहिले ई मण्डल पर [[Wp/mag/गुप्त वंश|गुप्त वंश]]के आधिपत्य हलै ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == विवरण == जौनपुर एक ऐतिहासिक नगर हे । [[Wp/mag/मध्यकालीन भारत|मध्यकालीन भारत]]मे शर्की शासकके राजधानी रहल जौनपुर [[Wp/mag/वाराणसी|वाराणसी]]से ५८ किलोमीटर आउ [[Wp/mag/प्रयागराज|प्रयागराज]]से १०० किलोमीटर दूर उत्तर दिशामे [[Wp/mag/गोमती नदी (उत्तरप्रदेश)|गोमती नदी]] तटे बसल हे । [[Wp/mag/मध्यकालीन भारत|मध्यकालीन भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर सल्तनत|जौनपुर सल्तनत]] (१३९४ आउ १४७९ के बीच) उत्तरीभारतके एक स्वतन्त्र राज्य हलै । वर्तमान राज्य [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर सल्तनत|जौनपुर सल्तनत]]के अन्तर्गत आवहलै, जेकरा पर शर्की शासक जौनपुरसे शासन करहल । [[Wp/mag/अवधीभाषा|अवधी]] आउ [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] एहाँके मुख्यभाषा हे ।<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=57QwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&dq=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiE08HogPqLAxVBUGcHHbHYDM8Q6wF6BAgMEAU#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0&f=false</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल|जौनपुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर, उत्तरप्रदेश|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जौनपुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1025475}} 95ffey2qtkj9stsyx0aup9dj3dwn3ld 0 3495438 6706898 6335081 2025-07-10T16:43:00Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement |name = मिर्जापुर |type=[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] |native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩}} |image = Mirzapur from the Ganges.JPG |image_caption = मिर्जापुरमे [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]]के घाट |pushpin_label = मिर्जापुर |pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश |coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.146|82.569|display = inline, title}} |pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशमे स्थिति |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] |population_total = 233691 |population_as_of = 2011 |demographics_type1 = भाषा |demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित |demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] |timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भारतीय मानक समय]] |utc_offset1 = +०५:३० |postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] |postal_code = 231001 |area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड |area_code = 05442 |registration_plate = UP-63 |blank1_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] |blank1_info_sec1 = ०.९०३ (२०११) |blank2_name_sec1 = साक्षरता |blank2_info_sec1 = ६८.४८% (२०११) (७८.९७% [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]]; ५६.८६% [[Wp/mag/स्त्री|♀]]) |website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://mirzapur.nic.in/}} }} '''मिर्जापुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q956371}} hi9djwd8g40f4aw6p67rktb68lx1x5y 6706899 6706898 2025-07-10T16:43:18Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement |name = मिर्जापुर |type=[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] |native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩}} |image = Mirzapur from the Ganges.JPG |image_caption = मिर्जापुरमे [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]]के घाट |pushpin_label = मिर्जापुर |pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश |coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.146|82.569|display = inline, title}} |pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशमे स्थिति |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] |population_total = 233691 |population_as_of = 2011 |demographics_type1 = भाषा |demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित |demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] |timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भारतीय मानक समय]] |utc_offset1 = +०५:३० |postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] |postal_code = 231001 |area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड |area_code = 05442 |registration_plate = UP-63 |blank1_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] |blank1_info_sec1 = ०.९०३ (२०११) |blank2_name_sec1 = साक्षरता |blank2_info_sec1 = ६८.४८% (२०११) (७८.९७% [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]]; ५६.८६% [[Wp/mag/स्त्री|♀]]) |website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://mirzapur.nic.in/}} }} '''मिर्जापुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q956371}} copwgr06o9z0sy0m22fu8oagbdprdks 6706900 6706899 2025-07-10T16:43:45Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement |name = मिर्जापुर |type=[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर|नगर]] |native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩}} |image = Mirzapur from the Ganges.JPG |image_caption = मिर्जापुरमे [[Wp/mag/गङ्गानदी|गङ्गानदी]]के घाट |pushpin_label = मिर्जापुर |pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश |coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|25.146|82.569|display = inline, title}} |pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशमे स्थिति |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] |population_total = 233691 |population_as_of = 2011 |demographics_type1 = भाषा |demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित |demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/भोजपुरीभाषा|भोजपुरी]] |timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भारतीय मानक समय]] |utc_offset1 = +०५:३० |postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] |postal_code = 231001 |area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड |area_code = 05442 |registration_plate = UP-63 |blank1_name_sec1 = [[Wp/mag/लिङ्गानुपात|लिङ्गानुपात]] |blank1_info_sec1 = ०.९०३ (२०११) |blank2_name_sec1 = साक्षरता |blank2_info_sec1 = ६८.४८% (२०११) (७८.९७% [[Wp/mag/पुरुष|♂]]; ५६.८६% [[Wp/mag/स्त्री|♀]]) |website = {{Wp/mag/URL|https://mirzapur.nic.in/}} }} '''मिर्जापुर''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂧𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂰𑂣𑂳𑂩}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल|मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मिर्जापुर मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q956371}} cci3tpvohd0izze58mga40a5qlo3z7r 0 3495451 6706953 6335098 2025-07-10T17:20:32Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश नगर|नगर]] | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩𑂹𑂗𑂹𑂮𑂏𑂖𑂹𑂔}} | other_name = सोनभद्र | image = Eco point Robertsganj.jpg | image_caption = राबर्ट्सगञ्जमे इको प्वाइण्ट | pushpin_label = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|24.69|83.06|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Wp/mag/तहसील|तहसील]] | subdivision_name3 = | elevation_m = 330 | population_total = 36689 | population_as_of = 2011 | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामस]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 231216 | area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड | area_code = +91-5444 | registration_plate = UP-64 | website = }} '''राबर्ट्सगञ्ज''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩𑂹𑂗𑂹𑂮𑂏𑂖𑂹𑂔}}) [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1709323}} 68uj0wkeuea9xno4rl6bh6rtflx1tnc 6706955 6706953 2025-07-10T17:21:31Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश नगर|नगर]] | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩𑂹𑂗𑂹𑂮𑂏𑂖𑂹𑂔}} | other_name = सोनभद्र | image = Eco point Robertsganj.jpg | image_caption = राबर्ट्सगञ्जमे इको प्वाइण्ट | pushpin_label = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|24.69|83.06|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Wp/mag/तहसील|तहसील]] | subdivision_name3 = | elevation_m = 330 | population_total = 36689 | population_as_of = 2011 | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामस]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 231216 | area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड | area_code = +91-5444 | registration_plate = UP-64 | website = }} '''राबर्ट्सगञ्ज''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩𑂹𑂗𑂹𑂮𑂏𑂖𑂹𑂔}}), जेकर औपचारिक नाम हे '''सोनभद्र''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩}}) हे, [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1709323}} a6rzj7o7m2czw61gq4t7te21pjeuwt7 6706961 6706955 2025-07-10T17:22:44Z Magadhadipati 2601131 6706961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Infobox settlement | name = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | type = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश नगर|नगर]] | native_name = {{Wp/mag/Lang|bho|𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩𑂹𑂗𑂹𑂮𑂏𑂖𑂹𑂔}} | other_name = सोनभद्र | image = Eco point Robertsganj.jpg | image_caption = राबर्ट्सगञ्जमे इको प्वाइण्ट | pushpin_label = राबर्ट्सगञ्ज | pushpin_map = भारत उत्तरप्रदेश | coordinates = {{Wp/mag/Coord|24.69|83.06|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तरप्रदेशे स्थिति | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{Wp/mag/IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतके राज्य आउ केन्द्रशासितप्रदेश|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके मण्डल|मण्डल]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Wp/mag/तहसील|तहसील]] | subdivision_name3 = | elevation_m = 330 | population_total = 36689 | population_as_of = 2011 | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[Wp/mag/हिन्दी|हिन्दी]] | timezone1 = [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानक समय|भामस]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:३० | postal_code_type = [[Wp/mag/पिनकोड|पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 231216 | area_code_type = दूरभाष कोड | area_code = +91-5444 | registration_plate = UP-64 | website = }} '''राबर्ट्सगञ्ज''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂩𑂰𑂥𑂩𑂹𑂗𑂹𑂮𑂏𑂖𑂹𑂔}}), जेकर औपचारिक नाम हे '''सोनभद्र''' ({{Wp/mag/Lang-bho|𑂮𑂷𑂢𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩}}) हे, [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]के [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]] राज्यके [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]]मे स्थित एगो नगर हे । ई मण्डलके मुख्यालयो हे ।<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Wp/mag/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 अप्रैल 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref> == विवरण == ई नगर [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेश|उत्तरप्रदेश]]के दक्षिणी पूर्वी कोने पर स्थित हे । सोनभद्र मण्डलके गठन ४ मार्च १९८९ के मिर्जापुर जनपदके दक्षिणी भागके अलगे करके बनावल गेलै । सोन, कर्मनाशा, चन्द्रप्रभा, रिहन्द, रेणू, घग्गर इत्यादि नदी एकर ग्रामीण इलाकासे होके बहहे । ई नगरके नामकरण ब्रिटिश-राजमे अङ्ग्रेजी सेनाके ''फिल्ड मार्शल फ्रेडरिक रॉबर्ट'' के नाम पर होलै हल । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची|जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार भारतके नगरके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल|सोनभद्र मण्डल]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राबर्ट्सगञ्ज|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सोनभद्र मण्डल]] [[Category:Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेशके नगर]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1709323}} 5kk0g250jiy7c1y4iq01gi5vhhbhwdc 0 3495887 6707360 6295280 2025-07-11T08:24:12Z EditorFX 2607622 6707360 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chishona == === Bizo === '''zvitengwa''' # [[Wt/sn/uwandu|uwandu]] hwekuti [[Wt/sn/chitengwa|chitengwa]]. ===Uturikiso=== * [[Wt/sn/transaction|transaction]] <small>([[Wt/sn/Chingezi|NGE]])</small> [[Category:Wt/sn]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mashoko eChishona]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mabizo eChishona]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mashoko ari mumupanda wemabizo wa Zvi-]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mashoko ari mumupanda wemabizo wa Chi-/Zvi-]] ===Nzvimbo yekubva shoko (Etymology)=== Inobva kushoko '''chitengwa''' (singular), iro rinobva kuchiito '''-tenga''' (kutenga = to buy). ===Muenzaniso=== * Ndakatarisa '''zvitengwa''' zvose zvawakaita pamusika. iog0jdmnqxrxhwl9g4iq2eufq7cfwz0 6707361 6707360 2025-07-11T08:24:37Z EditorFX 2607622 6707361 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chishona == === Bizo === '''zvitengwa''' # [[Wt/sn/uwandu|uwandu]] hwekuti [[Wt/sn/chitengwa|chitengwa]]. ===Uturikiso=== * [[Wt/sn/transaction|transaction]] <small>([[Wt/sn/Chingezi|NGE]])</small> [[Category:Wt/sn]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mashoko eChishona]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mabizo eChishona]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mashoko ari mumupanda wemabizo wa Zvi-]] [[Category:Wt/sn/Mashoko ari mumupanda wemabizo wa Chi-/Zvi-]] ===Nzvimbo yekubva shoko (Etymology)=== Inobva kushoko '''chitengwa''' (singular), iro rinobva kuchiito '''-tenga''' (kutenga = to buy). ===Muenzaniso=== * Ndakatarisa '''zvitengwa''' zvose zvawakaita pamusika. ===Kududzwa kwezwi (Pronunciation)=== * IPA: /zvitɛŋgwa/ qhb8fe5v4wnren79f85odtr3xt5i1se 0 3496901 6707451 6299094 2025-07-11T10:39:00Z Steinbach 8 /* Uutspraek */ Toch mae nie d'n indruk wekke dat dat nog normaol is. 6707451 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/zea/zea}}== ===Etymologie=== Van {{Wt/zea/dum}} ''[[Wt/zea/die|die]]'', in onbeklemtoônde vurm. Oort zò rond 1600 normaol in de Nederlandse schrieftaele. ===Omschrievienge=== '''de''' * lidwoôrd vò vrouwelijke woôrden, vò mannelijke woôrden as 't volgende woôrd nie begint mee ''b-, d-, (h-,) t-'' of 'n klienker, en vò aolle woôrden in 't meêrvoud. Opmerkienge: bie 't vrouwelijk en 't meêrvoud klienkt ''de'' as ''d’'' 'oeneêr 't volgende woôrd mee 'n klienker begint; dikkels oôrt 't ok zò geschreve. ===Uutspraek=== [də], [d] ===Varianten=== * [[Wt/zea/d'n|d'n]] {{Wt/zea/m}} ''(vò b/d/h/t/klienker)'' * [[Wt/zea/d'|d']] {{Wt/zea/v}}, {{Wt/zea/mv}} ''(vò 'n klienker)'' * [[Wt/zea/'t|'t]] {{Wt/zea/o}} ===Ziet ok=== * [[Wt/zea/de deze|de deze]] * [[Wt/zea/de dieë|de dieë]] =={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Over {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/þeir|þeir]]'' van Oergermaons ''*þai''. ===Omschrievienge=== '''de''' * [[Wt/zea/'ulder|'ulder]] ''(persoônlijk vònaemwoôrd darde persoôn meêrvoud'') ===Uutspraek=== [dom], [deː] ''(ziet opmerkienge beneden)'' ===Verbugienge=== [[Wt/zea/deras|deras]] {{Wt/zea/gen}}, [[Wt/zea/dem|dem]] {{Wt/zea/obl}} Opmerkienge: in de spreektaele oor meêstal ''[[Wt/zea/dom|dom]]'' gezeid vò zòwè 't onderwerp as 't vòwerp. In de schrieftaele oort dat in de regel nie uutgeschreve. Je zouwe 't ok nog beleve kunne dat d'r ''dem'' geschreve (en ''dom'' gezeid) oor in 't onderwerp, maer ok dat oor nie goedgekeurd. [[Category:Wt/zea]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zeêuwse lidwoôrden]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zweedse persoônlijke vònaemwoôrden]] oeuizu0shhpbunh6ycrtxtglgvned5s 6707454 6707451 2025-07-11T10:39:36Z Steinbach 8 /* Uutspraek */ 6707454 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/zea/zea}}== ===Etymologie=== Van {{Wt/zea/dum}} ''[[Wt/zea/die|die]]'', in onbeklemtoônde vurm. Oort zò rond 1600 normaol in de Nederlandse schrieftaele. ===Omschrievienge=== '''de''' * lidwoôrd vò vrouwelijke woôrden, vò mannelijke woôrden as 't volgende woôrd nie begint mee ''b-, d-, (h-,) t-'' of 'n klienker, en vò aolle woôrden in 't meêrvoud. Opmerkienge: bie 't vrouwelijk en 't meêrvoud klienkt ''de'' as ''d’'' 'oeneêr 't volgende woôrd mee 'n klienker begint; dikkels oôrt 't ok zò geschreve. ===Uutspraek=== [də], [d] ===Varianten=== * [[Wt/zea/d'n|d'n]] {{Wt/zea/m}} ''(vò b/d/h/t/klienker)'' * [[Wt/zea/d'|d']] {{Wt/zea/v}}, {{Wt/zea/mv}} ''(vò 'n klienker)'' * [[Wt/zea/'t|'t]] {{Wt/zea/o}} ===Ziet ok=== * [[Wt/zea/de deze|de deze]] * [[Wt/zea/de dieë|de dieë]] =={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Over {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/þeir|þeir]]'' van Oergermaons ''*þai''. ===Omschrievienge=== '''de''' * [[Wt/zea/'ulder|'ulder]] ''(persoônlijk vònaemwoôrd darde persoôn meêrvoud'') ===Uutspraek=== [dɔm], [deː] ''(ziet opmerkienge beneden)'' ===Verbugienge=== [[Wt/zea/deras|deras]] {{Wt/zea/gen}}, [[Wt/zea/dem|dem]] {{Wt/zea/obl}} Opmerkienge: in de spreektaele oor meêstal ''[[Wt/zea/dom|dom]]'' gezeid vò zòwè 't onderwerp as 't vòwerp. In de schrieftaele oort dat in de regel nie uutgeschreve. Je zouwe 't ok nog beleve kunne dat d'r ''dem'' geschreve (en ''dom'' gezeid) oor in 't onderwerp, maer ok dat oor nie goedgekeurd. [[Category:Wt/zea]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zeêuwse lidwoôrden]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zweedse persoônlijke vònaemwoôrden]] k1nsbj2658wb40l8lv04latfqenhijz 0 3497375 6706927 6698988 2025-07-10T17:09:47Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Politics */ 6706927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q62059920}} '''Babagana Umara Zulum CON'''<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/live/labarai-63087685</ref>( ji yabiyenyi 25 ar hiya kuwa fa 1969) naja professor bana politician a dar ja governor nu Borno state ar fa 2019 akidi [[Wp/mrt/All Progressive Congress|All Progressive Congress]] (APC)<ref>https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-wins-borno-gov-poll-with-1-175-440-votes/</ref><ref>https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-zulum-wins-borno-governorship-election.html</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/tag/babagana-umara-zulum/</ref> ==Labaru ngyabe yi== Zulum ji yabiyenyi 25 nu hiya kuwa fa 1969, ago mulmau Mafa Local Government Area nu Borno State. ==jiga== A gwar jo mbwa jiga ago Mafa Primary School ar fa 1975 ashilo 1980 bana secondary education ago Government Secondary School, Monguno ar fa 1980 ashilo 1985, Zulum a jigar ja ago University nu Maiduguri, ar vira ji uya degree ago Agriculture Engineering bana ji ma'i ando youth corps ago Katsina State Polytechnic. kiji ma'i a duma ando University nu Ibadan ar fa 1997 ashilo fa 1998, a duna na ji wuya master's degree ago Agriculture Engineering. Ago 2005, kiji ma'i ando phD ago Soil and Water Engineering ago University of Maiduguri kira ji kudduna ar da hya 2009. ==nya biya== ==Publications== ==Siyasa== ==Assassinations== ==See also== =Dàrja== ==Projects== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q62059920}} sz9n28dcu0zrhbtmk2g154jv75xk8h5 0 3497854 6706967 6686737 2025-07-10T17:25:32Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item= Q6374293}} '''Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim''', KCMG CBE (10 hya kwa fa 1910 – 25 hya mudofhou fa 1990)<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=cYEuAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Kashim+Ibrahim%22+AND+%221910%22</ref> ndgya jo siyasa or Nigeria, ndgya kira dar kira  Native Administration in Borno State ba kuma minister nga ni Social Services or fa 1950s. ngi ninyi digal kur ni chan  Waziri ni Emirate of Borno fa muthu ayi kudau Waziris banji fonyi ja per thurau ara scandals ni Borno local.<ref>http://www.sharia-in-africa.net/media/publications/sharia-implementation-in-northern-nigeria/vol_1_5_chapter_1_part_II.pdf</ref><ref>Ahmadu Bello, ''My Life'', Cambridge University Press, 1962, p. 31.</ref> administration.{{Wp/mrt/Citation needed|date=November 2022}} Lihi ngaja zur associate of Sir Ahmadu Bello. ==Rayuwa== or steps ni Nigeria House kro London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, Northern Nigeria), Sir Kashim Ibrahim, KBE (As Governor, Northern Nigeria) and Chief Arthur Prest pichira Sir Kashim Ibrahim's biraja or Nigeria House Ibrahim ngi yanyi or Gargar Ward, Yerwa to the family of Ibrahim Lakanmi.<ref>Rosalynde Ainslie, Catherine Hoskyns, Ronald Segal. ''Political Africa: A Who's Who of Personalities and Parties'', New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961, p. 128.</ref> ji fara giganyi or learning Arabic and Quran ji dgugwa ma in ndo Borno Provincial School in 1922. or 1925, anji ninyi admission or Katsina Training College bagi kudna jigan nyi, ingya teacher's certificate or 1929. Ji fara thuryi ni hihibau or fa 1929 or Borno Middle School and by 1933, baji sa da ga Provincial Visiting Teacher. Baji sa uya dugal kur aga Senior Visiting Teacher ba education officer for the province of Borno. Banji ninyi dugal kur nu shettima of Borno or fa 1935 banji sinbiyanyi ingya Shettima Kashim. Baji go siyasa or fa 1951–52, banji sabanyi aga Northern Regional Assembly, a zabanyir ji hearo North aga cabinet ni sabe. Ayi kudau, banjisa hiryi aga Federal minister for Social Services and ayi kudau ni Education.[citation needed] Or fa 1956, a zabanyir ji aga Waziri ni Borno hirara Shehu.[4] Waziri Ibrahim a darja ga  Governor ni Northern region or fa 1962, siya office har military coup of sa duri oh fa 16 January 1966 kra shili ga Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ashilo dunoma.<ref>http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_regions.html</ref> a zabar yin ji aga CBE or fa 1960 and knighted as a KCMG<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</ref> in 1962. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6374293}} rtb2wieiz61o7styzc2cthujhw09s86 0 3499051 6707168 6322995 2025-07-10T20:38:08Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Child_mortality_rate_by_country.jpg|thumb|Ban yarda cewa kawai don kana kyamar zubar da ciki, wai hakan na nufin kana goyon bayan rayuwa ba. A zahiri ma, ina tunanin mafi akasari, kana da tsananin matsalar halayya idan kawai tunaninka haihuwar da ne amma ba ciyar da shi ba, ba ba ilimin dan ba, ba samar masa muhalli ba. ~ [[Wq/ha/Joan Chittister|Joan Chittister]]]] Zubar da ciki shine kawo karshen ciki ta hanyar cirewa ko lalata kwayar haihuwar (embryo) kafin ya kai ga mahaifa. [[File:Norma McCorvey (Jane Roe) onthe steps of the Supreme Court, 1989 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ba’a bunkasa da ɗaukaka rayuwa da Haƙƙoƙin mata ba, amma sai dai an lalata su, ta hanyar iyakance zubar da ciki. Muna karbar rantsiwar kotu daga mata wanda cutar da hanyr zubar da ciki, daga mata wadanda aka fahimtar cewa feminisanci shine son rayuwa, sannan kuma daga masana wanda suka ysan cewa Roe raunta halaye nagari na doka da kuma aikin kiwon lafiya. ~ [[W:Norma McCorvey|Norma McCorvey]] ("Jane Roe" in ''Roe v. Wade'')]] [[File:Rubella_virus_TEM_B82-0203_lores.jpg|thumb|Ina jin dadin cewa [[w:Rubella vaccine|rubella vaccine]] ya hana dubunnan zubar da ciki fiye da kowanne mabiyin addinin Katolika. ~ [[w:Stanley Plotkin|Stanley Plotkin]]]] == Zantuka == ===A=== * Haramta zubar da ciki ga mace, a yayin da kuma take so, yana tattare da tilasta haihuwa: wani nau’i na fyade daga gwamnati. **[[Wq/ha/Edward Abbey|Edward Abbey]], ''One Life at a Time, Please'' (1988). * Muna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da likita saboda kwarewarsa na aiki, bamu la’akari da samun mu’amala fuska da fuska tare da mara lafiya. Mu kan fara ganin mara lafiya ne a kan teburin tiyata kuma bamu sake ganin ta. Karin mu’amala kawai ba zai isa ba. ** Edward Allred, abortion doctor, quoted in The San Diego Union, October 12, 1980. Also quoted in Anthony Perry. ''Doctor's Abortion Business Is Lucrative'' ALL About Issues, December 1980, pages 10, 14, and 15. * Kowanne mai rai yana da hakkin a martaba rayuwar sa. Dole ne doka ta kare Haƙƙin nan, da kuma gama gari, tun daga lokacin farawa. Babu wanda za’a wandarar da rayuwarsa. ** Edward Allred, abortion doctor, quoted in The San Diego Union, October 12, 1980. Also quoted in Anthony Perry. ''Doctor's Abortion Business Is Lucrative'' ALL About Issues, December 1980, pages 10, 14, and 15. * Layin da ke tsakanin zubar da ciki na doka da na rashin doka za a iya masa alama me ta hanyar fuskantar abun mamaki da kuma rayuwa. ** Aristotle, ''Politics'', bk. 7, ch. 6 at 294 (T.A. Sinclair trans. 1962) (c. 325 BC). [[Category:Wq/ha]] o5lhem4goprvqba32o3ud7uf3we1z3o 0 3499391 6707290 6700164 2025-07-11T04:46:24Z CommonsDelinker 992 Removing "Rashtriya_Lok_Dal_Flag_new.jpg", it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 3 July 2025. 6707290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/भारतके राजनीति}} {{Wp/mag/देखी|भारतके केन्द्रीय मन्त्रिमण्डल}} [[Wp/mag/भारतके संविधान|भारतके संविधान]]के अनुसार भारतमे सङ्घीय व्यवस्था हे जौनमे [[Wp/mag/नव दिल्ली|नव दिल्ली]]मे केन्द्रसरकार तथा बिभिन्न राज्ज आउ केन्द्रसासितप्रदेसला राज्जसरकार हे । एहीसे भारतमे राष्ट्रिय आउ राज्ज (क्षेत्रीय), राजनीतिकदलके बर्गीकरण उनखर क्षेत्रम प्रभावके अनुसार कैल जाहे । भारतमे मान्यता प्राप्त राजनीतिकदलके भारतसरकार सूची निम्न हे: [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे '''[[Wp/mag/बहुदलीय प्रणाली|बहुदलीय प्रणाली]]''' हे जेकरामे छोट क्षेत्रीयदल अधिक प्रबल हे । राष्ट्रिय दल ऊ हे जे चार वा अधिक राज्जमे मान्यता प्राप्त हे । ओकरा ई अधिकार [[Wp/mag/भारतीय चुनाव आयोग|भारतके चुनाव आयोग]] द्वारा देल जाहे, जे बिभिन्न राज्जमे बेर-बेर चुनाव परिणामके समीक्षा करहे । ई मान्यताके सहायतासे राजनीतिक दल कुछ पहचान पर अपन स्थितिके अगला समीक्षा तक बिशिष्ट स्वामित्वके दावा कर सकहे जैसेकि दल चिन्ह । == राष्ट्रियदल == भारतमे कौनो राजनैतिकदलके '''राष्ट्रियदल''' के मान्यता '''[[Wp/mag/भारत निर्वाचन आयोग|भारत निर्वाचन आयोग]]''' द्वारा '''चुनाव प्रतीक (आरक्षण आउ आवण्टन) अधिनियम, १९६८''' के पेराग्राफ् '''६ख''' के अनुसार प्रदान कैल जाहे जे कि निम्नलिखित हे: '''६ख. राष्ट्रियदलके रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त करे हेतु शर्त -''' एगो राजनैतिक दल '''राष्ट्रियदल''' के रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त करेके पात्र होतै यदि, आउ केवल यदि, निम्नमे से कौनो शर्त पूरा होवहे - # कौनो पञ्जीकृत दल तीन बिभिन्न राज्जमे लोकसभाके कुल सीटके कमसे कम २% सीट् प्राप्त कैलक हो । # कौनो दल ४ अलग-अलग राज्जमे लोकसभा वा बिधानसभा चुनावमे कमसे कम ६% मत पौलक हो आउ लोकसभामे कमसे कम ४ सीट् प्राप्त कैलक हो । # कौनो दलके कमसे कम चार अथवा ओकरासे अधिक राज्जमे राज्जीयदलके मान्यता प्राप्त हो । === सूची === १५ मई २०२३ के '''[[Wp/mag/भारत निर्वाचन आयोग|भारत निर्वाचन आयोग]]''' द्वारा जारी अधिसूचनाके अनुसार देसमे निम्नलिखित ६ राजनैतिकदल राष्ट्रिय मान्यता प्राप्त हे:<ref>[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/14999-commissions-main-notification-dated-15052023-containing-list-of-national-parties-their-symbols-and-addresses/ भारतके राष्ट्रिय मान्यताप्राप्त दलके सूची]</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2"|राष्ट्रिय दल ! class="unsortable"|ध्वज ! स्थापना बर्ष ! class="unsortable"|सन्स्थापक ! class="unsortable"|राष्ट्रिय अध्यक्ष ! class="unsortable"|चुनाव चिन्ह ! class="unsortable"|दल मुख्यालय |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"| |[[Wp/mag/आम आदमी पार्टी|आम आदमी पार्टी]] |[[File:Aam Aadmi Party logo (English).svg|100px]] | २०१२ |[[Wp/mag/अरबिन्द केजरीवाल|अरबिन्द केजरीवाल]] |[[Wp/mag/अरबिन्द केजरीवाल|अरबिन्द केजरीवाल]] |[[File:AAP Symbol.png|100px]] | २०६, राउज् एवेन्यू्, डी०डी०यू० मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००२ |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/mag/Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जनता पार्टी|भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] | [[File:BJP flag.svg|100px]] | १९८० |align="left"| *[[Wp/mag/अटल बिहारी भाजपेयी|अटल बिहारी भाजपेयी]] *[[Wp/mag/लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी|लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी]] |[[Wp/mag/जगत प्रकाश नड्डा|जगत प्रकाश नड्डा]] |[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]] |६-अ, दीनदयाल उपाध्याय मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००२ |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/mag/Party color|Indian National Congress}}" | |[[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्]] |[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|100px]] |१८८५ |align="left"| *[[Wp/mag/ए ओ ह्यूम्|ए ओ ह्यूम्]] *[[Wp/mag/दादा भाई नौरोजी|दादा भाई नौरोजी]] *[[Wp/mag/दिनशा वाचा|दिनशा वाचा]] |[[Wp/mag/मल्लिकार्जुन खड़गे|मल्लिकार्जुन खड़गे]] |[[File:Hand INC.svg|100px]] | २४, अकबर् मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११००११ |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/mag/Party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" | |[[Wp/mag/बहुजन समाज पार्टी|बहुजन समाज पार्टी]] |[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|100px]] | १९८४ |[[Wp/mag/कान्शीराम|कान्शीराम]] |[[Wp/mag/मायावती|मायावती]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|100px|center|Elephant]] | ४, गुरुद्वारा रकाबगञ्ज मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/mag/Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" | |[[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी)|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी)]] |[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|100px]] |१९६४ |align="left"| *[[Wp/mag/ई० एम० एस० नम्बूदरीपाद|ई० एम० एस० नम्बूदरीपाद]] *[[Wp/mag/ज्योति बसु|ज्योति बसु]] *[[Wp/mag/हरकिशन सिंह सुरजीत|हरकिशन सिंह सुरजीत]] |[[Wp/mag/सीताराम येचुरी|सीताराम येचुरी]] |[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|100px]] | २७-२९, ए०के० गोपालन् भवन, भाई वीर सिंह मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/mag/Party color|नेशनल् पीपल्स् पार्टी (भारत)}}" | | [[Wp/mag/नेशनल् पीपल्स् पार्टी (भारत)|नेशनल् पीपल्स् पार्टी]] | [[File:NPP Flag.jpg|100px]] | २०१३ | [[Wp/mag/पी॰ ए॰ सङ्गमा|पी॰ ए॰ सङ्गमा]] | [[Wp/mag/कॉनराड् सङ्गमा|कॉनराड् सङ्गमा]] | align="center"|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|100px]] | प्लॉट नं.९०-ए, लाचाउमिरी मण्डल, पूर्वी खासी हिल्स्, शिलाङ्ग्- ७९३००१ |- |} === भूतपूर्व राष्ट्रियदल === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2| दलके नाम ! colspan=2| राष्ट्रिय मान्यता ! rowspan=2| सन्दर्भ |- ! प्राप्ति ! समाप्ति |- | style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Communist Party of India}}"| | [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] | १९५० | २०२३ |<ref>[https://www.livehindustan.com/national/story-tmc-ncp-cpi-no-longer-national-parties-election-commission-rules-here-8018110.amp.html CPI से क्यों छिना राष्ट्रिय पार्टी का दर्जा?] ''लाइव हिन्दुस्तान 10 अप्रैल 2023</ref> |- | style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"| | [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|राष्ट्रवादी काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] | २००४ | २०२३ | <ref>[https://www.abplive.com/news/india/ec-grants-aap-national-party-status-says-election-commission-2380098/amp चुनाव आयोग ने AAP को दिया राष्ट्रिय पार्टी का दर्जा, शरद पवार की NCP आउ ममता बनर्जी की TMC ने गंवाया] ''ABP Live 10 अप्रैल 2023</ref> |- | style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"| | [[Wp/mag/सर्वभारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्|सर्वभारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्]] | २०१६ | २०२३ | <ref>[https://www.abplive.com/news/india/tmc-exploring-legal-options-to-challenge-decision-of-eci-of-withdrawing-national-party-status-2380172/amp TMC Party Status: EC ने छीना ममता बनर्जी की TMC का राष्ट्रिय दल का दर्जा, फैसले को चुनौती दे सकती है पार्टी] ''ABP Live 10 अप्रैल 2023</ref> |- | style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"| | [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनता दल|राष्ट्रिय जनता दल]] | २००८ | २०१० | <ref>[https://www.aajtak.in/trending/story/rjds-recognition-as-a-national-party-ends-48141-2010-07-30 राष्ट्रिय पार्टी के रूप आरजेडी की मान्यता समाप्त] ''aajtak.in 10 जुलाई 2010</ref> |- |} == राज्जीय दल == ऊसभ दल जेकरा भिजुन एक राज्जमे पर्याप्त भोट् वा सीट् हो, ओकरा चुनाव आयोग द्वारा राज्जपार्टीके रूपमे अधिकृत कैल जा सकहे । सम्बन्धित राज्जमे राज्जदलके रूपमे मान्यता मिलेसे दलके एगो बिशेष चुनाव चिन्ह आरक्षित करेके बिकल्प भेट सकहे । एगो दलके एक अथवा अधिक राज्जमे मान्यता प्राप्त हो सकहे । चार राज्जमे मान्यता प्राप्त दलके स्वतहे एक राष्ट्रियदलके रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त हो जाहे । भारतमे कौनो राजनैतिकदलकोे '''राज्जीय दल''' के मान्यता '''चुनाव प्रतीक (आरक्षण आउ आवण्टन) अधिनियम, १९६९''' के पेराग्राफ् '''६क''' के अनुसार प्रदान कैल जाहे जे कि निम्नलिखित हे: '''६क. राज्जीय दलके रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त करे हेतु शर्त -''' एगो राजनैतिकदल कौनो राज्जमे '''राज्जीय दल''' के रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त करेके पात्र होतै यदि, आउ केवल यदि, निम्नमे से कौनो शर्त पूरा होवहे - '''(i)''' राज्जके पिछला '''बिधानसभा चुनावमे''' दलके द्वारा खड़ा करल गेल प्रत्याशी राज्जमे पड़ल कुल बैध मतके '''कमसे कम ६% मत''' प्राप्त कैलक हो; आउ साथे ऊसभ चुनावमे ऊ राज्जके बिधानसभामे दलके '''कमसे कम दू प्रत्याशी बिधायक''' चुनल गेल हो; अथवा '''(ii)''' पिछला '''लोकसभा चुनावमे''' ऊ राज्जसे, दलके द्वारा खड़ा कैल गेल प्रत्याशी राज्जमे पड़ल कुल बैध मतके '''कमसे कम ६% मत''' प्राप्त कैलक हो; आउ साथे ऊसभ चुनावमे ऊ राज्जसे लोकसभामे दलके '''कमसे कम एक प्रत्याशी सान्सद''' चुनल गेल हो; अथवा '''(iii)''' राज्जके पिछला '''बिधानसभा चुनावमे''', दल बिधानसभा सीटके कुल सङ्ख्याके '''कमसे कम ३% सीट्''', अथवा '''कमसे कम ३ सीट्''' (जौनो अधिक हो) जीतलक हो; अथवा '''(iv)''' पिछला '''लोकसभा चुनावमे''' ऊ राज्जसे, प्रत्येक २५ सीट् पर दलके '''कमसे कम एक सदस्य''' चुनल गेल हो; अथवा '''(v)''' राज्जमे भेल पिछला '''लोकसभा अथवा बिधानसभा चुनावमे''', दलके द्वारा खड़ा कैल गेल प्रत्याशी राज्जमे पड़ल कुल बैध मतके '''कमसे कम ८% मत''' प्राप्त कैलक हो । '''[[Wp/mag/भारत निर्वाचन आयोग|भारत निर्वाचन आयोग]]''' के अधिसूचना दिनाङ्क १५ मई २०२३ के अनुसार देसके २६ राज्ज/केन्द्रसासितप्रदेसमे कुल ५८ दलके राज्जदलके दर्जा प्राप्त हे । ईसभमे सर्वाधिक ५-५ दल [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]], [[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]] आउ [[Wp/mag/मेघालय|मेघालय]] राज्जमे हे । एकर अतिरिक्त [[Wp/mag/असम|असम]], [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]], [[Wp/mag/नागालॅण्ड्|नागालॅण्ड्]], [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु|तमिल्नाडु]] आउ [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना|तेलङ्गाना]] राज्जमे ४-४ दल; [[Wp/mag/अरुणाचलप्रदेस|अरुणाचलप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर]], [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड|झारखण्ड]], [[Wp/mag/मणिपुर|मणिपुर]], [[Wp/mag/त्रिपुरा|त्रिपुरा]] आउ [[Wp/mag/पुदुच्चेरी|पुदुच्चेरी]]मे ३-३ दल; [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस|उत्तरप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/पच्छिमबङ्गाल|पच्छिमबङ्गाल]], [[Wp/mag/आन्ध्रप्रदेस|आन्ध्रप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा|हरियाणा]], [[Wp/mag/गोओ|गोओ]], [[Wp/mag/मिजोरम्|मिजोरम्]] आउ [[Wp/mag/सिक्किम|सिक्किम]]राज्जमे २-२ दल आउ [[Wp/mag/कर्नाटक|कर्नाटक]], [[Wp/mag/राजस्थान|राजस्थान]], [[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा|ओड़िसा]], [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब, भारत|पञ्जाब]] आउ [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़|छत्तीसगढ़]] राज्जमे १-१ दल राज्जदलके रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त हे । देसके चार राज्ज [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेस|मध्यप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/गुजरात|गुजरात]], [[Wp/mag/हिमाचलप्रदेस|हिमाचलप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/उत्तराखण्ड|उत्तराखण्ड]] आउ केन्द्रसासितप्रदेस [[Wp/mag/दिल्ली|दिल्ली]]मे कौनो दल राज्जदलके रूपमे मान्यता प्राप्त नै हे । ===सूची=== १५ मई २०२३ के '''भारत निर्वाचन आयोग''' द्वारा जारी अधिसूचनाके अनुसार देसमे '''राज्जीय दल''' के मान्यता प्राप्त दलके सूची ई प्रकार हे- <ref>[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/15000-commissions-main-notification-dated-15052023-containing-list-of-state-parties-their-symbols-and-addresses-english/ भारत में मान्यताप्राप्त राज्जीय दलों की सूची]</ref> ;कुञ्जी *{{Wp/mag/Legend inline|1 = #faecc8|text = *}}&nbsp;– आयोगके दिनाङ्क 02.10.2021 के अन्तरिम आदेसके तहत नाम आउ चिह्नके फ्रीज् कैल गेल *{{Wp/mag/Legend inline|1 = #faecc8|text = #}}&nbsp;– भारतके माननीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालयके लम्बित अन्तिम आदेस {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |- ! Colspan=2|दल नाम ! स्थापना वर्ष ! Class="unsortable"| सन्स्थापक ! Class="unsortable"| दल प्रमुख ! चुनाव चिह्न ! राज्ज/के॰सा॰प्र॰ ! Class="unsortable"| दल मुख्यालय |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"| |[[Wp/mag/सर्वभारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्|सर्वभारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्]] |१९९८ |[[Wp/mag/ममता बनर्जी|ममता बनर्जी]] |[[Wp/mag/ममता बनर्जी|ममता बनर्जी]] |[[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol 2021.svg|100px]] | [[Wp/mag/पच्छिमबङ्गाल|पच्छिमबङ्गाल]], [[Wp/mag/त्रिपुरा|त्रिपुरा]], [[Wp/mag/मेघालय|मेघालय]] | ३०-बी, हरीश चटर्जी स्ट्रीट्, कलकता- ७०००२६ (प.बं.) |- !style="background-color:green"| |[[Wp/mag/जनता दल (यूनाइटेड्)|जनता दल (यूनाइटेड्)]] |२००३ | *[[Wp/mag/शरद यादव|शरद यादव]] *[[Wp/mag/नीतीश कुमार|नीतीश कुमार]] |[[Wp/mag/राजीव रञ्जन सिंह|राजीव रञ्जन सिंह]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.png|150px]] |[[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]], [[Wp/mag/अरुणाचलप्रदेस|अरुणाचलप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/मणिपुर|मणिपुर]] | ७- जन्तर मन्तर मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}"| |[[Wp/mag/जनता दल (सेकुलर्)|जनता दल (सेकुलर्)]] |१९९९ |[[Wp/mag/एच॰डी॰ देवगौड़ा|एच.डी.देवेगौड़ा]] |[[Wp/mag/एच॰डी॰ देवगौड़ा|एच.डी.देवेगौड़ा]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lady Farmer.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/कर्नाटक|कर्नाटक]], [[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]], [[Wp/mag/अरुणाचलप्रदेस|अरुणाचलप्रदेस]] | ५- सफदरजङ्ग लेन्, नव दिल्ली- ११०००३ |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Communist Party of India}}"| |[[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] |१९२५ |[[Wp/mag/मानवेन्द्र नाथ राय|मानवेन्द्र नाथ राय]] |[[Wp/mag/डी. राजा|डी. राजा]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ears of Corn and Sickle.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]], [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु|तमिल्नाडु]], [[Wp/mag/मणिपुर|मणिपुर]] | अजय भवन, कोटला मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००२ |- ! style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/समाजवादी पार्टी|समाजवादी पार्टी]] |१९९३ |[[Wp/mag/मुलायम सिंह यादव|मुलायम सिंह यादव]] |[[Wp/mag/अखिलेश यादव|अखिलेश यादव]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस|उत्तरप्रदेस]] | १८- कॉपरनिकस् लेन्, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"| |[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनता दल|राष्ट्रिय जनता दल]] |१९९७ |[[Wp/mag/लालू प्रसाद यादव|लालू प्रसाद यादव]] |[[Wp/mag/लालू प्रसाद यादव|लालू प्रसाद यादव]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]], [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड|झारखण्ड]] | १३, वी.पी. हाउस्, रफी मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"| | [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|राष्ट्रवादी काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] | १९९९ |align="left"| *[[Wp/mag/शरद पवार|शरद पवार]] *[[Wp/mag/पी॰ ए॰ सङ्गमा|पी॰ ए॰ सङ्गमा]] *[[Wp/mag/तारिक अनवर|तारिक अनवर]] | [[Wp/mag/शरद पवार|शरद पवार]] | [[File:Nationalist Congress Party Election Symbol.png|100px]] | [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]], [[Wp/mag/नागालॅण्ड्|नागालॅण्ड्]] | बङ्गला न.१, रविशङ्कर शुक्ल लेन्, फिरोजशाह मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"| |[[Wp/mag/द्रविड मुन्नेत्र कलगम्|द्रविड मुन्नेत्र कलगम्]] |१९४९ |[[Wp/mag/सी॰एन॰ अन्नादुरै|सी॰एन॰ अन्नादुरै]] |[[Wp/mag/एम॰ के॰ स्टालिन्|एम॰ के॰ स्टालिन्]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Rising Sun.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु|तमिल्नाडु]], [[Wp/mag/पुदुच्चेरी (केन्द्रसासितप्रदेस)|पुदुच्चेरी]] | 'अन्ना अरिवालयम्' २६८-२६९, अन्ना सलै, तेनामपेट्, चेन्नै- ६०००१८ |- !style="background-color:green"| |[[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय अन्ना द्रविड मुनेत्र कलगम्|अखिल भारतीय अन्ना द्रविड मुनेत्र कलगम्]] |१९७२ |[[Wp/mag/मारुदुर गोपालन रामचन्द्रन|मारुदुर गोपालन रामचन्द्रन]] |ई.के.पलानीस्वामी,ओ पनीरसेल्वम |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Two Leaves.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु|तमिल्नाडु]], [[Wp/mag/पुदुच्चेरी (केन्द्रसासितप्रदेस)|पुदुच्चेरी]] | २७५, अव्वै षणमुगं सलै, रोयापेट्टा, चेन्नै- ६०००१४ |- !style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Indian National Congress}}"| |[[Wp/mag/वाई एस् आर् काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|युवजन श्रमिक रायथु काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] |२०११ |[[Wp/mag/वाई एस् जगनमोहन रेड्डी|वाई एस् जगनमोहन रेड्डी]] |[[Wp/mag/वाई एस् जगनमोहन रेड्डी|वाई एस् जगनमोहन रेड्डी]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/आन्ध्रप्रदेस|आन्ध्रप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना|तेलङ्गाना]] | मकान नं. ८-२-२६९/एस/९८, सागर सोसायटी, बञ्जारा हिल्स्, हैदराबाद्- ५०००३४ (तेलङ्गाना) |- ! style="background-color:yellow"| |[[Wp/mag/तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी|तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी]] |१९८२ |[[Wp/mag/नन्दमूरि तारक रामाराव|नन्दमूरि तारक रामाराव]] |[[Wp/mag/नारा चन्द्रबाबू नायडू|नारा चन्द्रबाबू नायडू]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/आन्ध्रप्रदेस|आन्ध्रप्रदेस]], [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना|तेलङ्गाना]] | एन.टी.आर. भवन, बञ्जारा हिल्स्, हैदराबाद्- ५०००३३ (तेलङ्गाना) |- !style="background-color:pink"| |[[Wp/mag/भारत राष्ट्र समिति|भारत राष्ट्र समिति]] |२००१ |[[Wp/mag/के॰ चन्द्रशेखर राव|के॰ चन्द्रशेखर राव]] |[[Wp/mag/के॰ चन्द्रशेखर राव|के॰ चन्द्रशेखर राव]] | |[[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना|तेलङ्गाना]] | रोड नं.१४, बञ्जारा हिल्स्, हैदराबाद्- ५०००३४ (तेलङ्गाना) |- !style="background-color:darkgreen"| |[[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया मजलिस्-ए-इत्तेहादुल् मुस्लिमीन्|ऑल् इण्डिया मजलिस्-ए-इत्तेहादुल् मुस्लिमीन्]] |१९५७ |अब्दुल् वहाद् ओवैसी |[[Wp/mag/असदुद्दीन् ओवैसी|असदुद्दीन् ओवैसी]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना|तेलङ्गाना]] | दारुस्सलां बोर्ड्, हैदराबाद्- ५००००१ (तेलङ्गाना) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/अपना दल (सोनेलाल)|अपना दल (सोनेलाल)]] |२०१६ |[[Wp/mag/जवाहर लाल पटेल|जवाहर लाल पटेल]] |[[Wp/mag/अनुप्रिया पटेल|अनुप्रिया पटेल]] | |[[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस|उत्तरप्रदेस]] | ग्राम- अतरामपुर नवाबगञ्ज, प्रयागराज- २२९४१२ (उ.प्र.) |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|All India Forward Bloc}}"| |[[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक्|ऑल् इण्डिया फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक्]] |१९३९ |[[Wp/mag/सुभाष चंद्र बोस|सुभाष चंद्र बोस]] |[[Wp/mag/देवव्रत विश्वास|देवव्रत विश्वास]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/पच्छिमबङ्गाल|पच्छिमबङ्गाल]] | नेताजी भवन, T-२२३५/२, अशोकनगर, फैज मार्ग, करोलबाग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००५ |- ! style="background-color: yellow"| |[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] |[[Wp/mag/२०१८|२०१८]] |[[Wp/mag/हनुमान् बेनीवाल|हनुमान् बेनीवाल]] |[[Wp/mag/हनुमान् बेनीवाल|हनुमान् बेनीवाल]] |[[File: Water bottle RLP election symbol.svg| 100px]] |[[Wp/mag/राजस्थान|राजस्थान]] | २६-२७, तेजा कालोनी, मानसर, मण्डल- नागौर- ३४१००१ (राजस्थान) |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"| |[[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया यूनाइटेड् डेमोक्रेटिक फ्रण्ट्|ऑल् इण्डिया यूनाइटेड् डेमोक्रेटिक फ्रण्ट्]] |२००५ |[[Wp/mag/बदरुद्दीन् अजमल्|बदरुद्दीन् अजमल्]] |[[Wp/mag/बदरुद्दीन् अजमल्|बदरुद्दीन् अजमल्]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lock And Key.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/असम|असम]] | ३, फ्रेण्ड्स् पथ, हातिगाँओ, गुवाहाटी- ७८१०३८ (असम) |- ! style="background-color:brown| |[[Wp/mag/असम गण परिषद्|असम गण परिषद्]] | | | |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/असम|असम]] | गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई मार्ग, गुवाहाटी- ७८१००१ (असम) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/बोडोलॅण्ड् पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्|बोडोलॅण्ड् पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्]] |२००५ | | |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Nangol.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/असम|असम]] | |- ! |[[Wp/mag/यूनाइटेड् पीपुल्स् पार्टी लिबरल्|यूनाइटेड् पीपुल्स् पार्टी लिबरल्]] | | | | |[[Wp/mag/असम|असम]] | |- ! style="background-color:lightgreen| |[[Wp/mag/ऑल् झारखण्ड स्टूडेण्ट्स् यूनियन|ऑल् झारखण्ड स्टूडेण्ट्स् यूनियन]] | | | |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Banana.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड|झारखण्ड]] | हरमु, राँची- ८३४००२ (झारखण्ड) |- !style="background-color:yellow| |[[Wp/mag/देसिया मुरपोक्कु द्रविड कलगम्|देसिया मुरपोक्कु द्रविड कलगम्]] |२००५ |[[Wp/mag/विजयकान्त|विजयकान्त]] | |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagara.svg|50px]] |[[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु|तमिल्नाडु]] | १२५/७, जवाहरलाल नेहरु सलै, कोयमबेडु, चेन्नै- ६००१०७ (तमिल्नाडु) |- ! style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}"| |[[Wp/mag/इण्डियन् नेशनल् लोकदल|इण्डियन् नेशनल् लोकदल]] |१९९६ |[[Wp/mag/चौधरी देवीलाल|चौधरी देवीलाल]] |[[Wp/mag/ओमप्रकाश चौटाला|ओमप्रकाश चौटाला]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Spectacles.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/हरियाणा|हरियाणा]] | न.८०, सेक्टर्-९, चण्डीगढ़- १६०००९ |- ! style="background-color:darkgreen| |[[Wp/mag/इण्डियन् यूनियन् मुस्लिम् लीग्|इण्डियन् यूनियन् मुस्लिम् लीग्]] |१९४८ |[[Wp/mag/मुहम्मद् इस्माइल्|मुहम्मद् इस्माइल्]] |[[Wp/mag/के.एम. कादर् मोहिदीन्|के.एम. कादर् मोहिदीन्]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]] | कायदे मिल्लत् मञ्जिल्, मारियाकयार् लेब्बै स्ट्रीट्, चेन्नै- ६००००१ (तमिल्नाडु) |- ! style="background-color:pink"| |[[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़ जनता काङ्ग्रेस्|जनता काङ्ग्रेस् छत्तीसगढ़ (जोगी)]] |२०१८ |[[Wp/mag/अजीत जोगी|अजीत जोगी]] |[[Wp/mag/अमित जोगी|अमित जोगी]] |खेतमे हर चलावित किसान |[[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़|छत्तीसगढ़]] |श्री बालाजी कॉम्प्लेक्स्, खमतराई, रायपुर- ४९२००१ (छत्तीसगढ़) |- !style="background-color:green"| |[[Wp/mag/जननायक जनता पार्टी|जननायक जनता पार्टी]] |२०१८ |[[Wp/mag/दुष्यन्त चौटाला|दुष्यन्त चौटाला]] |[[Wp/mag/दुष्यन्त चौटाला|दुष्यन्त चौटाला]] |[[File:Indian election symbol Key.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/हरियाणा|हरियाणा]] |मण्डल व्यापार केन्द्र, सेक्टर्- ५६, गुरुग्राम- १२२००१ (हरियाणा) |- !style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर नेशनल कान्फ्रेन्स्|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर नेशनल कॉन्फ्रेंस]] | |[[Wp/mag/शेख् अब्दुल्ला|शेख् अब्दुल्ला]] |[[Wp/mag/फारुख् अब्दुल्ला|फारुख् अब्दुल्ला]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर]] | शेरे कश्मीर भवन, जम्मू- १८०००१ |- !style="background-color: orange"| |[[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर नेशनल् पेन्थर्स् पार्टी|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर नेशनल् पेन्थर्स् पार्टी]] | | |[[Wp/mag/भीम सिंह|भीम सिंह]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर]] |१७, वी.पी. हाउस्, रफी मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- !style="background-color:darkgreen"| |[[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक् पार्टी|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक् पार्टी]] | |[[Wp/mag/मुफ्ती मोहम्मद् सईद्|मुफ्ती मोहम्मद् सईद्]] |[[Wp/mag/महबूबा मुफ्ती|महबूबा मुफ्ती]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ink Pot and Pen.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/जम्मू व कश्मीर|जम्मू व कश्मीर]] | २, इम्पोरियन लेन, रेसीडेंसी रोड, श्रीनगर- १९०००१ |- !style="background-color:green"| |[[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा|झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा]] |१९७२ |[[Wp/mag/शिबू सोरेन|शिबू सोरेन]] |[[Wp/mag/शिबू सोरेन|शिबू सोरेन]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड|झारखण्ड]] | बैरियातू रोड, राँची- ८३४००८ (झारखण्ड) |- !style="background-color:blue"| |[[Wp/mag/केरल काङ्ग्रेस् (एम्)|केरल काङ्ग्रेस् (एम्)]] | | | |[[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]] | स्टेट् कमिटी ऑफिस्, कोट्टायम्- ६८६००१ (केरल) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/नागा पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्|नागा पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्]] | |[[Wp/mag/नेफियू रियो|नेफियू रियो]] |[[Wp/mag/शुरोजिली लिजेत्सु|शुरोजिली लिजेत्सु]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cock.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/नागालैण्ड|नागालैण्ड]], [[Wp/mag/मणिपुर|मणिपुर]] | पोस्ट् बॉक्स् न.५६५, कोहिमा- ७९७००१ (नागालॅण्ड्) |- !style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/नेशनलिस्ट् डेमोक्रेटिक् प्रोग्रेसिव् पार्टी|नेशनलिस्ट् डेमोक्रेटिक् प्रोग्रेसिव् पार्टी]] |२०१७ |[[Wp/mag/नेफियू रियो|नेफियू रियो]] |[[Wp/mag/नेफियू रियो|नेफियू रियो]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Crown.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/नागालैण्ड|नागालैण्ड]] | चुमुकेदीमा, दीमापुर- ७९७१०३ (नागालॅण्ड्) |- !style="background-color:green"| |[[Wp/mag/बीजू जनता दल|बीजू जनता दल]] |१९९७ |[[Wp/mag/बीजू पटनायक|बीजू पटनायक]] |[[Wp/mag/नवीन पटनायक|नवीन पटनायक]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Conch.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा|ओड़िसा]] | नवीन निवास, एरोड्रम् गेट्, भुबनेश्वर- ७५१००९ (ओड़िसा) |- !style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/रिवोल्यूशनरी सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी|रिवोल्यूशनरी सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी]] |१९४० | |[[Wp/mag/टी.जे. चन्द्रचूड़न्|टी.जे. चन्द्रचूड़न्]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]] | |- !style="background-color:darkblue"| !scope=row style="background:#faecc8;text-align:center;" |{{Wp/mag/Sortname|लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी}}* |२००० |[[Wp/mag/रामविलास पासवान|रामविलास पासवान]] | |[[File:Lok Janshakti Party - Symbol.jpg|thumb]] |[[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]] |१२, जनपथ, नव दिल्ली- ११००११ |- ! |[[Wp/mag/लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी (रामविलास)|लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी (रामविलास)]] |२०२२ |[[Wp/mag/चिराग पासवान|चिराग पासवान]] |[[Wp/mag/चिराग पासवान|चिराग पासवान]] | |[[Wp/mag/नागालॅण्ड्|नागालॅण्ड्]] |२३, नॉर्थ् एवेन्यू, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ |- ! |[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोक समता पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय लोक समता पार्टी]] |२०१३ |[[Wp/mag/उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा|उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा]] |[[Wp/mag/उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा|उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]] |ढक्कनपुरा, मोहनपुर, पटना- ८००००१ (बिहार) |- !style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" | |[[Wp/mag/भारतके कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) लिबरेशन्|भारतके कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) लिबरेशन्]] | | |[[Wp/mag/दीपाङ्कर भट्टाचार्य|दीपाङ्कर भट्टाचार्य]] |[[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]] |यू-९०, शक्करपुर, दिल्ली- ११००९२ |- !style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"| |[[Wp/mag/शिरोमणि अकाली दल|शिरोमणि अकाली दल]] |१९२० | |[[Wp/mag/सुखबीर सिंह बादल|सुखबीर सिंह बादल]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Scale.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब, भारत|पञ्जाब]] |बिल्डिग् न.६, सेक्टर् २८बी, मध्य मार्ग, चण्डीगढ़- १६००२८ |- !style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Shiv Sena}}"| |[[Wp/mag/शिवसेना|शिवसेना]] |१९६६ |[[Wp/mag/बालासाहेब ठाकरे|बालासाहेब ठाकरे]] |[[Wp/mag/एकनाथ शिन्दे|एकनाथ शिन्दे]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]] |आनन्द आश्रम, श्री भवानी चौक, तेम्भी नाका, ठाणे पच्छिम- ४००६०१ (महाराष्ट्र) |- !style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Shiv Sena}}"| |style="background-color:#faecc8"|'''[[Wp/mag/शिवसेना (उद्धव बालासाहेब ठाकरे)|शिवसेना (उद्धव बालासाहेब ठाकरे)]]# |२०२२ |[[Wp/mag/उद्धव ठाकरे|उद्धव ठाकरे]] |[[Wp/mag/उद्धव ठाकरे|उद्धव ठाकरे]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Flaming Torch.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]] | शिवसेना भवन, गडकरी चौक, मुम्बई- ४०००२८ (महाराष्ट्र) |- !style="background-color:{{Wp/mag/Party color|Shiv Sena}}"| |[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र नवनिर्माण सेना|महाराष्ट्र नवनिर्माण सेना]] |२००६ |[[Wp/mag/राज ठाकरे|राज ठाकरे]] |[[Wp/mag/राज ठाकरे|राज ठाकरे]] |[[File:Mns-symbol-railway-engine.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]] |कृष्ण कुञ्ज, एम.बी.राउत रोड्, शिवाजी पार्क्, मुम्बई- ४०००२८ (महाराष्ट्र) |- ! style="background-color:gray| |[[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् पार्टी ऑफ् अरुणाचल|पीपुल्स् पार्टी ऑफ् अरुणाचल]] |१९७७ |align="left"|बेकिन् परतिन् ओकेन लेगो |कामेन् रिङ्गु |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Maize.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/अरुणाचलप्रदेस|अरुणाचलप्रदेस]] |के.रिङ्गु कॉम्प्लेक्स, नहारलगुन- ७९१११० (अ.प्र.) |- ! style="background-color:lightblue| |[[Wp/mag/हिल् स्टेट् पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक् पार्टी|हिल् स्टेट् पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक् पार्टी]] |१९६८ |एच. लिङ्गदोह |के.पी.पेनियाङ्ग् |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/मेघालय|मेघालय]] |केञ्चस् ट्रेस्, लाबान, शिलाङ्ग्- ७३९००४ (मेघालय) |- !style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/यूनाइटेड् डेमोक्रेटिक् पार्टी|यूनाइटेड् डेमोक्रेटिक् पार्टी]] |१९७७ |ई.के.मावलोङ्ग् |मेतबाह् लिङ्गदोह् |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Drums.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/मेघालय|मेघालय]] |मावलाइ नोनगलाम्, शिलाङ्ग्- ७९३००२ (मेघालय) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक् फ्रण्ट्|पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक् फ्रण्ट्]] |२०१७ | | | |[[Wp/mag/मेघालय|मेघालय]] |लचुमिएरे, शिलाङ्ग्- ७९३००१ (मेघालय) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/वॉइस आफ् द पीपुल पार्टी|वॉइस आफ् द पीपुल पार्टी]] |२०२१ | | |[[File:Winnower Symbol.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/मेघालय|मेघालय]] |लॅटकोर्, किटन्-यू-सोम्, पूरुबी खासी हिल्स्- ७९३०२१ (मेघालय) |- !style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्रवादी गोमान्तक पार्टी|महाराष्ट्रवादी गोमान्तक पार्टी]] |१९६३ | |[[Wp/mag/दीपक धावलीकर|दीपक धावलीकर]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/गोवा|गोवा]] |ड्यूक्ल् हेवेन्, पणजी- ४०३००१ (गोआ) |- !style="background-color:blue"| |[[Wp/mag/गोवा फॉरवर्ड पार्टी|गोवा फॉरवर्ड पार्टी]] |२०१६ |[[Wp/mag/बिजय सरदेसाई|बिजय सरदेसाई]] |[[Wp/mag/बिजय सरदेसाई|बिजय सरदेसाई]] |[[File:Indian election symbol Coconut.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/गोआ|गोआ]] |शीश महल, कोम्बा, मरगाँओ- ४०३६०१ (गोवा) |- !style="background-color: black"| |[[Wp/mag/मिजो नेशनल फ्रण्ट्|मिजो नेशनल फ्रण्ट्]] |१९५९ | |[[Wp/mag/जोरमथङ्गा|जोरमथङ्गा]] |[[File:Election Symbol Star.svg|100px|कड़ी=Special:FilePath/Election_Symbol_Star.svg]] |[[Wp/mag/मिजोरम|मिजोरम]] | जेनरल् हेडक्वार्टर्स्, जरकावत, आइजोल्- ७९६००१ (मिजोरम) |- !style="background-color:red"| |[[Wp/mag/जोरम् नेशनलिस्ट् पार्टी|जोरम् नेशनलिस्ट् पार्टी]] | | | |सूरुज (किरण रहित) |[[Wp/mag/मिजोरम्|मिजोरम्]] | जेनरल् हेडक्वार्टर्स्, ट्रेजरी स्कायर्, आइजोल्- ७९६००१ (मिजोरम) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/सिक्किम डेमोक्रेटिक् फ्रण्ट्|सिक्किम डेमोक्रेटिक् फ्रण्ट्]] |१९९३ |[[Wp/mag/पवन कुमार चामलिङ्ग्|पवन कुमार चामलिङ्ग्]] |[[Wp/mag/पवन कुमार चामलिङ्ग्|पवन कुमार चामलिङ्ग्]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/सिक्किम|सिक्किम]] |अपर देवराली, गङ्गटोक पूरुब- ७३७१०१ (सिक्किम्) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/सिक्किम क्रन्तिकारी मोर्चा|सिक्किम क्रन्तिकारी मोर्चा]] |२०१३ |[[Wp/mag/प्रेम सिंह तमाङ्ग|प्रेम सिंह तमाङ्ग]] |[[Wp/mag/प्रेम सिंह तमांग|प्रेम सिंह तमांग]] |[[File:Symbol SKM.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/सिक्किम्|सिक्किम्]] |कॉनवॉय ग्राउण्ड, गङ्गटोक पूरुब- ७३७१०२ (सिक्किम्) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/इण्डिजिनियस् पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट् आफ् त्रिपुरा|इण्डिजिनियस् पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट् आफ् त्रिपुरा]] | | | |[[File:Indian Election symbol Dao.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/त्रिपुरा|त्रिपुरा]] |ओल्ड् काली बाड़ी मार्ग, कृष्णानगर, अगरतला- ७९९००१ (त्रिपुरा) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/टिपरा मोथा पार्टी|टिपरा मोथा पार्टी]] |२०१९ | | |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Pineapple.png|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/त्रिपुरा|त्रिपुरा]] |खुमुलबङ्ग- ७९९०३५ (त्रिपुरा) |- ! |[[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया एन॰आर॰ काङ्ग्रेस्|ऑल् इण्डिया एन॰आर॰ काङ्ग्रेस्]] |२०११ |[[Wp/mag/एन॰ रङ्गास्वामी|एन॰ रङ्गास्वामी]] |[[Wp/mag/एन॰ रङ्गास्वामी|एन॰ रङ्गास्वामी]] |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg|100px]] |[[Wp/mag/पुदुच्चेरी|पुदुच्चेरी]] |बद्मावती, पक्कामुदयानपेट्, पुदुच्चेरी- ६०५००८ |- |} ===भूतपूर्व राज्ज दल=== ==पञ्जीकृत दल== राजनीतिकदलके एगो बड़ सङ्ख्या चुनाव आयोगमे पञ्जीकृत हे, जेकरा राष्ट्रिय अथवा राज्जदलके रूपमे मान्यता नै भेटल हे । ढेर मामला पञ्जीकरण बनल रहहे, चाहे सम्बन्धित दल भङ्ग हो गेल हो अथवा ढेर बरिस पहिले ओकर कौनो आउ दलमे बिलय हो गले हो । ===प्रमुख गैर-मान्यताप्राप्त पञ्जीकृतदल=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |- ! दल नाम ! Class="unsortable"| दल परचम ! स्थापना वर्ष ! Class="unsortable"| सन्स्थापक ! Class="unsortable"| दल प्रमुख ! Class="unsortable"| दल मुख्यालय ! टीप |- |[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोक दल|राष्ट्रिय लोक दल]] | |१९९६ |[[Wp/mag/अजीत सिंह (राजनीतिज्ञ)|चौधरी अजीत सिंह]] |[[Wp/mag/जयन्त चौधरी|चौधरी जयन्त सिंह]] |४०६, वी.पी. हाउस्, रफी मार्ग, नव दिल्ली- ११०००१ | [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस|उत्तरप्रदेस]]के पूर्ब राज्जीय दल |- | [[Wp/mag/सुहेलदेव भारतीय समाज पार्टी|सुहेलदेव भारतीय समाज पार्टी]] | | | [[Wp/mag/ओमप्रकाश राजभर|ओमप्रकाश राजभर]] | [[Wp/mag/ओमप्रकाश राजभर|ओमप्रकाश राजभर]] | ग्राम- मीरनगञ्ज, पो- रामपुर-रसड़ा, बलिया(उ.प्र.)- २२१७१२ | [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस बिधानसभा|उत्तरप्रदेस]]मे ६ [[Wp/mag/बिधायक#भारत|बिधायक]] |- | [[Wp/mag/निषाद पार्टी|निर्बल इण्डियन शोषित हमारा आम दल]] | | | [[Wp/mag/सञ्जय निषाद|सञ्जय निषाद]] | [[Wp/mag/सञ्जय निषाद|सञ्जय निषाद]] | | [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस बिधानसभा|उत्तरप्रदेस]]मे ६ [[Wp/mag/बिधायक#भारत|बिधायक]] |- | [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी]] | | २०२२ | [[Wp/mag/पशुपति कुमार पारस|पशुपति कुमार पारस]] | [[Wp/mag/पशुपति कुमार पारस|पशुपति कुमार पारस]] | | [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा]]मे [[Wp/mag/बिहार|बिहार]]से ५ सान्सद |- | [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोक जनता दल|राष्ट्रिय लोक जनता दल]] | | | [[Wp/mag/उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा|उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा]] | [[Wp/mag/उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा|उपेन्द्र कुशवाहा]] | | |- | [[Wp/mag/रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया (आठवले)|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया (आठवले)]] | | | [[Wp/mag/रामदास आठवले|रामदास आठवले]] | [[Wp/mag/रामदास आठवले|रामदास आठवले]] | न.३/४,इन्सा हटमेण्ट्,आजाद मैदान, फोर्ट्, मुम्बई, महाराष्ट्र- ४००००१ | केन्द्रसरकारमे १ मन्त्री |- | [[Wp/mag/भारतीय ट्राइबल् पार्टी|भारतीय ट्राइबल् पार्टी]] |[[File:Bharatiya-Tribal-Party.webp|50px]] | | [[Wp/mag/छोटूभाई वसावा|छोटूभाई वसावा]] | [[Wp/mag/छोटूभाई वसावा|छोटूभाई वसावा]] | मु.पो. चन्देरिया, तालुका- वालिया, भरूच, गुजरात | [[Wp/mag/राजस्थान|राजस्थान]]मे २ [[Wp/mag/बिधायक#भारत|बिधायक]] |- | [[Wp/mag/शिरोमणि अकाली दल (अमृतसर)|शिरोमणि अकाली दल (अमृतसर)]] | | १९९४ | [[Wp/mag/सिमरनजीत सिंह मान|सिमरनजीत सिंह मान]] | [[Wp/mag/सिमरनजीत सिंह मान|सिमरनजीत सिंह मान]] | ग्राम- किला, एस.हरनाम सिंह-पो.आ. तेल्लानिमा, फतेहगढ़ साहब, पञ्जाब-१४०४०६ | [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा|लोकसभा]]मे [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब|पञ्जाब]]से १ [[Wp/mag/लोकसभा सदस्स|सान्सद]] |- | [[Wp/mag/गोंडवाना गणतन्त्र पार्टी|गोंडवाना गणतन्त्र पार्टी]] | | | [[Wp/mag/हीरा सिंह मरकाम|हीरा सिंह मरकाम]] | तुलेश्वर सिंह मरकाम | ग्राम आउ पोस्ट् तिवेर्थ, तहसील कटघोरा, बिलासपुर (छत्तीसगढ़) | [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेस|मध्यप्रदेस]]के पूर्ब राज्जीय दल |- |} ===अन्य पञ्जीकृत दल=== नीचे अक्टूबर २००५ के चुनावसे पहिले चुनाव आयोग द्वारा प्रकाशित ७३० पञ्जीकृत अज्ञात (बिन पहचान वाला) दलके सूची देल गेलहे: :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय मिथिला पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय मिथिला पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय शेरे हिन्द पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय शेरे हिन्द पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखण्ड भारती|अखण्ड भारती]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय अमन समिति|अखिल भारतीय अमन समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय अशोक सेना|अखिल भारतीय अशोक सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय भारत माता-पुत्र पक्ष|अखिल भारतीय भारत माता-पुत्र पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय भ्रष्टाचार निर्मूलन सेना|अखिल भारतीय भ्रष्टाचार निर्मूलन सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय बेरोजगार पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय बेरोजगार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस् दल (आम्बेडकर)|अखिल भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस् दल (आम्बेडकर)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय देस भक्त मोर्चा|अखिल भारतीय देस भक्त मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय दस्तकार मोर्चा|अखिल भारतीय दस्तकार मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय दलित उत्थान पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय दलित उत्थान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखण्ड भारत एकता आन्दोलन|अखण्ड भारत एकता आन्दोलन]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय गरीब पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय गरीब पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय गोरखा लीग|अखिल भारतीय गोरखा लीग]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय जेनरल् लेबर् पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय जेनरल् लेबर् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय गरीब मजदूर किसान पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय गरीब मजदूर किसान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारत हिन्दु महासभा|अखिल भारत हिन्दु महासभा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय सेना|अखिल भारतीय सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय जनता काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय जनता काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय जनसङ्घ|अखिल भारतीय जनसङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय जनता बिकास पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय जनता बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय किसान मजदूर मोर्चा|अखिल भारतीय किसान मजदूर मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय लोकराज पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय लोकराज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक अल्पसङ्ख्यक जन मोर्चा|अखिल भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक अल्पसङ्ख्यक जन मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय लोकतन्त्र पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय लोकतन्त्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय मानव अधिकार दल|अखिल भारतीय मानव अधिकार दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय मुस्लिम लीग (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)|अखिल भारतीय मुस्लिम लीग (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय मानव सेवा दल|अखिल भारतीय मानव सेवा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखण्ड भारत महासङ्घ सर्वहारा क्रान्तिकारी पार्टी|अखण्ड भारत महासङ्घ सर्वहारा क्रान्तिकारी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखण्ड भारत नेशनल पार्टी|अखण्ड भारत नेशनल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/आम्बेडकरवादी पार्टी|आम्बेडकरवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय राष्ट्रिय आजाद हिन्द पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय राष्ट्रिय आजाद हिन्द पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस् राजीववादी (दुबे)|अखिल भारतीय राजीववादी काङ्ग्रेस् (दुबे)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय राम राज्ज परिषद् (प्रेम वल्लभ व्यास)|अखिल भारतीय राम राज्ज परिषद् (प्रेम वल्लभ व्यास)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय राजार्य सभा|अखिल भारतीय राजार्य सभा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय क्रान्तिकारी शोषित समाज दल|अखिल भारतीय क्रान्तिकारी शोषित समाज दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय सङ्घर्ष दल|अखिल भारतीय सङ्घर्ष दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय शिवसेना राष्ट्रवादी|अखिल भारतीय शिवसेना राष्ट्रवादी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय सिन्धी समाज पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय सिन्धी समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अपना भारत|अपना भारत]] :* [[Wp/mag/अपना दल|अपना दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अन्नदाता पार्टी|अन्नदाता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अगर जन पार्टी|अगर जन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/ऑल् पार्टी हिल् नेता सम्मेलन (अर्मिसन् मार्क् समूह)|ऑल् पार्टी हिल् नेता सम्मेलन (अर्मिसन् मार्क् समूह)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अपना हिन्दु रामभक्त पार्टी|अपना हिन्दु रामभक्त पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय अथिथानर् मकल् काच्चि|अखिल भारतीय अथिथानर् मकल् काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय बाबू जगजीवन राम साहेब राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय बाबू जगजीवन राम साहेब राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अद्वैत इश्वास्यम काङ्ग्रेस्|अद्वैत इश्वास्यम काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया क्रिश्चियन लोकतान्त्रिक आउ पिछड़ा लोगके पार्टी|ऑल् इण्डिया क्रिश्चियन लोकतान्त्रिक आउ पिछड़ा लोगके पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय दलित कल्याण काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय दलित कल्याण काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक् (सुभासिस्ट्)|ऑल् इण्डिया फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक् (सुभासिस्ट्)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय गरीब काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय गरीब काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय बेघर लोग काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय बेघर लोग काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय इन्दिरा काङ्ग्रेस् (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)|अखिल भारतीय इन्दिरा काङ्ग्रेस् (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय क्रान्तिकारी काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय क्रान्तिकारी काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय लोकराज पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय लोकराज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय अल्पसङ्ख्यक मोर्चा|अखिल भारतीय अल्पसङ्ख्यक मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया मुस्लिम फोरम्|ऑल् इण्डिया मुस्लिम फोरम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय मूवेन्दर मुन्नानी कलगम्|अखिल भारतीय मूवेन्दर मुन्नानी कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय महिला राज पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय महिला राज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय प्रगतिशील जनता दल|अखिल भारतीय प्रगतिशील जनता दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/ऑल् इण्डिया पीपुल्स् पार्टी|ऑल् इण्डिया पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय राजीव क्रान्तिकारी काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय राजीव क्रान्तिकारी काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय शिरोमणि बाबा जीवन सिंह मजहबी दल|अखिल भारतीय शिरोमणि बाबा जीवन सिंह मजहबी दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय सदगुण पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय सदगुण पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय जनजाति आउ अल्पसङ्ख्यक मोर्चा|अखिल भारतीय जनजाति आउ अल्पसङ्ख्यक मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय तफ्सीली यूनाईटेड् पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय तफ्सीली यूनाईटेड् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अजेय भारत पार्टी|अजेय भारत पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/ऑल् J&amp;K पीपुल्स् देसभक्त मोर्चा|ऑल् J&amp;K पीपुल्स् देसभक्त मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखण्ड झारखण्ड लोक मोर्चा|अखण्ड झारखण्ड लोक मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अल्पजन समाज पार्टी|अल्पजन समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल जन बिकास दल|अखिल जन बिकास दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल केरल एमजीआर द्रविड मुन्नेत्र पार्टी|अखिल केरल एमजीआर द्रविड मुन्नेत्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/आदर्श लोक दल|आदर्श लोक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अमर बङ्गाली|अमर बङ्गाली]] :* [[Wp/mag/अनैथिन्धिया एमजीआर काच्चि|अनैथिन्धिया एमजीआर काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/अम्बेडकर राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्|अम्बेडकर राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/आन्ध्र नाडु पार्टी|आन्ध्र नाडु पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अति पिछड़ा जन दल|अति पिछड़ा जन दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अम्बेडकर पीपुल्स् मूभमेण्ट्|अम्बेडकर पीपुल्स् मूभमेण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/आन्ध्रप्रदेस नवोदय प्रजा पार्टी|आन्ध्रप्रदेस नवोदय प्रजा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/आदर्श राजनीतिक दल|आदर्श राजनीतिक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/आम्बेडकर प्रगतिशील रिपब्लिकन् दल|आम्बेडकर प्रगतिशील रिपब्लिकन् दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/अम्बेद्करिस्ट् रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|अम्बेद्करिस्ट् रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/आर्य सभा|आर्य सभा]] :* [[Wp/mag/अखिल राष्ट्रवादी पार्टी|अखिल राष्ट्रवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अली सेना|अली सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/स्वायत्त राज्ज माङ्ग समिति|स्वायत्त राज्ज माङ्ग समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/अम्बेडकर समाज पार्टी|अम्बेडकर समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अन्ना तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी|अन्ना तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अनैथिन्थिया थामिज्हागा मुनेत्र कलगम्|अनैथिन्थिया थामिज्हागा मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/आजाद् मजदूर किसान पार्टी|आजाद् मजदूर किसान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/आदर्शवादी दल|आदर्शवादी दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/आम अधिकार मोर्चा|आम अधिकार मोर्चा]] भारतीय सर्वजन पार्टी * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय ग्रामीण समाज पार्टी|भारतीय ग्रामीण समाज पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/भारती नवयुवक दल|भारती नवयुवक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय अम्बेडकर पार्टी|भारतीय अम्बेडकर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारिपा बहुजन महासङ्घ|भारिपा बहुजन महासङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय बेरोजगार मजदूर किसान दल|भारतीय बेरोजगार मजदूर किसान दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पिछड़ा पार्टी|भारतीय पिछड़ा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बी. सी. यूनाईटेड् मोर्चा|B.C. यूनाईटेड् मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भ्रष्टाचार विरोधी दल|भ्रष्टाचार विरोधी दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत दल|भारत दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत बिकास पार्टी|भारत बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय देसभक्त पार्टी|भारतीय देसभक्त पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक दल|भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय एकता दल|भारतीय एकता दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय एकलव्य पार्टी|भारतीय एकलव्य पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन एकता पार्टी (आर)|बहुजन एकता पार्टी (आर)]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय ग्रामीण दल|भारतीय ग्रामीण दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय गोरखा जनशक्ति|भारतीय गोरखा जनशक्ति]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय गाँओ ताज दल|भारतीय गाँओ ताज दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन काङ्ग्रेस्|भारतीय जन काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत जन पार्टी|भारत जन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भूमि जोतक समूह|भूमि जोतक समूह]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन बिकास पार्टी|भारतीय जन बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय हरित क्रान्ति दल|भारतीय हरित क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय परिषद|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय हिन्दु सेना|भारतीय हिन्दु सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन बेरोजगार छात्र दल|भारतीय जन बेरोजगार छात्र दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जना काङ्ग्रेस् (राष्ट्रिय)|भारतीय जना काङ्ग्रेस् (राष्ट्रिय)]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जय जवान जय किसान पार्टी|भारतीय जय जवान जय किसान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन जागृति पार्टी|भारतीय जन जागृति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन कल्याण पार्टी|भारतीय जन कल्याण पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन किसान पार्टी|भारतीय जन किसान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बज्जिकांचल बिकास पार्टी|बज्जिकांचल बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जनक्रान्ति पार्टी|भारतीय जनक्रान्ति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|बहुजन रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन सभा|बहुजन सभा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जनतान्त्रिक परिषद|भारतीय जनतान्त्रिक परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जनवादी पार्टी|भारतीय जनवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन किसान दल|बहुजन किसान दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय किसान कामगार पार्टी|भारतीय किसान कामगार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय क्रान्तिकारी कमांड पार्टी|भारतीय क्रान्तिकारी कमांड पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत की लोक जिम्मेदार पार्टी|भारत की लोक जिम्मेदार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय किसान मजदूर पार्टी|भारतीय किसान मजदूर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय किसान परिवर्तन पार्टी|भारतीय किसान परिवर्तन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत क्रान्ति रक्षक पार्टी|भारत क्रान्ति रक्षक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कुशल समाज पार्टी|भारतीय खुशहाल समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारती कृषक सेवा समाज|भारती कृषक सेवा समाज]] :* [[Wp/mag/बुंदेलखण्ड बिकास दल|बुंदेलखण्ड बिकास दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लोक कल्याण दल|भारतीय लोक कल्याण दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारती लोक लहर पार्टी|भारती लोक लहर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लोक न्याय पार्टी|भारतीय लोक न्याय पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लेबर पार्टी|भारतीय लेबर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|बहुजन लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्|भारत मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मोमिन फ्रण्ट्|भारतीय मोमिन फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/बुंदेलखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा|बुंदेलखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/बुंदेलखण्ड एकीकृत पार्टी|बुंदेलखण्ड एकीकृत पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत मंगलम परिषद|भारत मंगलम परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मुहब्बत पार्टी (ऑल् इण्डिया)|भारतीय मुहब्बत पार्टी (अखिल भारत)]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मुस्लिम पार्टी (सिद्दीकी)|भारतीय मुस्लिम पार्टी (सिद्दीकी)]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानव रक्षा दल|भारतीय मानव रक्षा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय महाशक्ति मोर्चा|भारतीय महाशक्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय अल्पसङ्ख्यक सुरक्षा महासङ्घ|भारतीय अल्पसङ्ख्यक सुरक्षा महासङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन महासङ्घ पक्ष|बहुजन महासङ्घ पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानवता बिकास पार्टी|भारतीय मानवता बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय नौजवान दल|भारतीय नौजवान दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय नेताजी पार्टी|भारतीय नेताजी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत नव ज्योति सङ्घ|भारत नव ज्योति सङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय नवशक्ति पार्टी|भारतीय नवशक्ति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय नागरिक पार्टी|भारतीय नागरिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारती नारी सङ्गठन|भारती नारी सङ्गठन]] :* [[Wp/mag/बीरा उड़िया पार्टी|बीरा उड़िया पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रगतिशील काङ्ग्रेस्|भारतीय प्रगतिशील काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत पेंशनभोगी मोर्चा|भारत पेंशनभोगी मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय बोल्शेविक पार्टी|भारतीय बोल्शेविक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रजा पक्ष|भारतीय प्रजा पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय परिवर्तन मोर्चा|भारतीय परिवर्तन मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/बृज प्रदेस निर्माण सङ्घ|बृज प्रदेस निर्माण सङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लोग व राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा नेशनल पार्टी|भारतीय लोग व राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा नेशनल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रजातान्त्रिक शुद्ध गांधीवादी कृषक दल|भारतीय प्रजातान्त्रिक शुद्ध गांधीवादी कृषक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/बिहार पीपुल्स् पार्टी|बिहार पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|भारतीय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत पुनर्निमाण दल (BPD): * [[भारतीय राजीव काङ्ग्रेस्|भारत पुनर्निमाण दल (BPD): * [[भारतीय राजीव काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय जनहित पार्टी|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय जनहित पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय रक्षक पार्टी|भारतीय रक्षक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय मोर्चा|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय मजदूर दल|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय मजदूर दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी पक्ष|भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी समानता पार्टी|भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी समानता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पक्ष|भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय स्वदेसी काङ्ग्रेस् पक्ष|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय स्वदेसी काङ्ग्रेस् पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय बिकास पार्टी|भारतीय बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत सृजन|भारत सृजन]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय समाज दल|भारतीय समाज दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारती सर्वदर्शी परिषद|भारती सर्वदर्शी परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय श्रमिक दल|भारतीय श्रमिक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सुराज्ज मञ्च|भारतीय सुराज्ज मञ्च]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय संताजी पार्टी|भारतीय संताजी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सर्वकल्याण क्रान्ति दल|भारतीय सर्वकल्याण क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय समाज कल्याण पार्टी भारत|भारतीय समाज कल्याण पार्टी भारत]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय समाजवादी मोर्चा|भारतीय समाजवादी मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय समता पार्टी|भारतीय समता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन समाज पार्टी (अम्बेडकर)|बहुजन समाज पार्टी (अम्बेडकर)]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सुभाष सेना|भारतीय सुभाष सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सत्यार्थ सङ्गठन|भारतीय सत्यार्थ सङ्गठन]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सदभावना समाज पार्टी|भारतीय सदभावना समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सेवा दल|भारतीय सेवा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय समाजवादी बिकास पार्टी|भारतीय समाजवादी बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बिहार बिकास पार्टी|बिहार बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत बिशाल पार्टी|भारत बिशाल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बहुजन बिकास पार्टी|बहुजन बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/बराक घाटी क्षेत्र की माँग समिति|बराक घाटी क्षेत्र की माँग समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/बुद्धिविवेकी बिकास पार्टी|बुद्धिविवेकी बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय युवा शक्ति|भारतीय युवा शक्ति]] बहुजन मुक्ति पार्टी ==== क ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/काङ्ग्रेस् (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)|काङ्ग्रेस् (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रिश्चियन लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट् (भारत)|क्रिश्चियन लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रिस्थावा मक्कल काच्चि|च्रिस्थावा मक्कल काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/काङ्ग्रेस् जननायक पैरवी|काङ्ग्रेस् जननायक पैरवी]] :* [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़ किसान मजदूर पार्टी|छत्तीसगढ़ किसान मजदूर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रिश्चियन मन्नेत्र कलगम्|क्रिश्चियन मन्नेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़ मुक्ति मोर्चा|छत्तीसगढ़ मुक्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् मार्क्सवादी पार्टी केरल राज्ज समिति|मार्क्सवादी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी केरल राज्ज समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/कांगुनादु मक्कल काच्चि|कांगुनादु मक्कल काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोगों की काङ्ग्रेस्|लोगों की काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/छत्तीसगढ़ी समाज पार्टी|छत्तीसगढ़ी समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/चण्डीगढ़ बिकास पार्टी|चण्डीगढ़ बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/चंपारण बिकास पार्टी|चंपारण बिकास पार्टी]] ==== द ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/देस बचाओ जन मोर्चा|देस बचाओ जन मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/देस भक्त पार्टी|देस भक्त पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/देसीया मुरपोक्कु द्रविड़ कलगम्|देसीया मुरपोक्कु द्रविड़ कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक बहुजन समाज मोर्चा|लोकतान्त्रिक बहुजन समाज मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक भारतीय समाज पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक भारतीय समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा लोकतान्त्रिक दल|लोकतान्त्रिक हरियाणा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक|लोकतान्त्रिक फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक इंसाफ पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक इंसाफ पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक जनता दल (जम्मू व कश्मीर)|लोकतान्त्रिक जनता दल (जम्मू व कश्मीर)]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा|लोकतान्त्रिक झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक मूभमेण्ट् (भारत)|लोकतान्त्रिक मूभमेण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/द्रविड़ मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्|द्रविड़ मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/दलित मजदूर किसान पार्टी|दलित मजदूर किसान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/दलित मुस्लिम बिकास पार्टी|दलित मुस्लिम बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/द्रविड पैरवी|द्रविड पैरवी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|भारतीय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/देसिया पठुकप्पू कलगम्|देसिया पठुकप्पू कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/दिल्ली परिवर्तन पार्टी|दिल्ली परिवर्तन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/देसीय प्रजा सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी|देसीय प्रजा सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/डेमोक्रेटिक रिवोल्यूशनरी पीपुल्स् पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक रिवोल्यूशनरी पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/देव सेना पार्टी|देव सेना पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/दलित समाज पार्टी|दलित समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी (प्रबोध चन्द्र)|लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी (प्रबोध चंद्रा)]] :* [[Wp/mag/धिराविदा ठेलुगर मुन्नेत्र कलगम्|धिराविदा ठेलुगर मुन्नेत्र कलागम]] :* [[Wp/mag/द्रविड विज्हिपुनार्ची कलगम्|द्रविड विज्हिपुनार्ची kalgam]] :* [[Wp/mag/दिल्ली बिकास पार्टी|दिल्ली बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/दिव्य शक्ति पार्टी|दिव्य शक्ति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/देसिया मुरपोक्कु द्रविडर कलगम्|देसिया मुरपोक्कु द्रविडार कलगम्]] ==== ए ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/एकता क्रान्ति दल उत्तरप्रदेस|एकता क्रान्ति दल उत्तरप्रदेस]] :* [[Wp/mag/एकता शक्ति|एकता शक्ति]] :* [[Wp/mag/एकता समाज पार्टी|एकता समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/एप्रैम सङ्घ|एप्रैम सङ्घ]] ==== फ ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक् (सोशलिस्ट्)|फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक् (सोशलिस्ट्)]] :* [[Wp/mag/फेडेरल काङ्ग्रेस् आफ् इण्डिया|भारतीय सङ्घीय काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/किसान बिकास पार्टी|किसान बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सभाओं का सङ्घ|सभाओं का सङ्घ]] ==== ग ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/गुजरात आदिजाती बिकास पक्ष|गुजरात आदिजाती बिकास पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/गरीब एकता पार्टी|गरीब एकता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोंडवाना गणतन्त्र पार्टी|गोंडवाना गणतन्त्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोल्डन इण्डिया पार्टी|स्वर्ण भारत पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गरीब जनता पार्टी|गरीब जनता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/ग्राम मुनेत्र कलगम्|ग्राम मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोम्मांत लोक पक्ष|गोम्मांत लोक पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/गारो नेशनल काउन्सिल्|गारो नेशनल काउन्सिल्]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोरखा जनमुक्ति मोर्चा|गोरखा जनमुक्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोरखा नेशनल लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्|गोरखा नेशनल लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोवा पक्ष|गोवा पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोवा पीपुल्स् काङ्ग्रेस्|गोवा पीपुल्स् काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/गांधीवादी राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्|गांधीवादी राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोवा राजीव काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|गोवा राजीव काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गुजरात राज्ज जनता काङ्ग्रेस्|गुजरात राज्ज जनता काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/गरीबजन समाज पार्टी|गरीबजन समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोवा सुराज पार्टी|गोवा स्वराज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गोवा बिकास पार्टी|गोवा बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/गुजरात स्वराज्ज सङ्घ|गुजरात स्वराज्ज सङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/गुजरात युवा बिकास पार्टी|गुजरात युवा बिकास पार्टी]] ==== ह ==== हिन्दुस्तान सोशलिस्ट् रिपब्लिकन् एसोसिएशन : :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्द बिकास पार्टी|हिन्द बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दु एकता आंदोलन पार्टी|हिन्दु एकता आंदोलन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दुस्तानी गरीबवादी पार्टी|हिन्दुस्तानी गरीबवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा गरीब पिछड़ा युवा सङ्गठन|हरियाणा गरीब पिछड़ा युवा सङ्गठन]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा जनरक्षक दल|हरियाणा जनरक्षक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दुस्तान जनता पार्टी|हिन्दुस्तान जनता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्द किसान मजदूर पार्टी|हिन्द किसान मजदूर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिमाचल क्रान्ति पार्टी|हिमाचल क्रान्ति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा लोक दल|हरियाणा लोक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्द मोर्चा|हिन्द मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/हमार पीपुल्स् कन्वेन्शन्|हमार पीपुल्स् कन्वेन्शन्]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिल् स्टेट् पीपुल्स् लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|हिल् स्टेट् पीपुल्स् लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिमाचल प्रदेस राज्ज अकाली दल|हिमाचल प्रदेस राज्ज अकाली दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|हरियाणा रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्द स्वराज्ज गणतन्त्र पार्टी|हिन्द स्वराज्ज गणतन्त्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दुस्तान सुरक्षा पार्टी|हिन्दुस्तान सुरक्षा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दु समाज पार्टी|हिन्दु समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दुस्तान पार्टी|हिन्दुस्तान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिमाचल बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्|हिमाचल बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा बिकास पार्टी|हरियाणा बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा रक्षा पार्टी|हरियाणा रक्षा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हरियाणा स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|हरियाणा स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मानवतावादी पार्टी भारत|भारतीय मानवतावादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/हिन्दुस्थान नेशनल पार्टी|हिन्दुस्थान नेशनल पार्टी]] ==== इ ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय बहुजन समाजवादी पार्टी|इण्डियन् बहुजन समाजवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय ईसाई मोर्चा|इण्डियन् ईसाई मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय ईसाई धर्मनिरपेक्ष पार्टी|इण्डियन् ईसाई धर्मनिरपेक्ष पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय एकता पार्टी|इण्डियन् एकता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/इण्डियन् जस्टिस् पार्टी|इण्डियन् जस्टिस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्|इण्डियन् लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/इक्किया मक्कल मुनेत्र कलगम्|इक्किया मक्कल मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय ग्रीन पार्टी|इण्डियन् राष्ट्रिय ग्रीन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय लीग|इण्डियन् नेशनल लीग]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय लेबर पार्टी|इण्डियन् नेशनल लेबर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पीपुल्स् काङ्ग्रेस्|इण्डियन् पीपुल्स् काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/इस्लाम पार्टी हिन्द|इस्लाम पार्टी हिन्द]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय शांति पार्टी|इण्डियन् पीस पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् मोर्चा|इण्डियन् रिपब्लिकन् मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय धर्मनिरपेक्ष काङ्ग्रेस्|इण्डियन् धर्मनिरपेक्ष काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय सङ्घ मुस्लिम लीग (2)|इण्डियन् सङ्घ मुस्लिम लीग]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय बिजय पार्टी|इण्डियन् बिजय पार्टी]] ==== ज ==== :* [[Wp/mag/जनता काङ्ग्रेस् छत्तीसगढ़|जनता काङ्ग्रेस् छत्तीसगढ़]] :* [[Wp/mag/जागो पार्टी|जागो पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जय भारत पार्टी|जय भारत पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन चेतना पार्टी|जन चेतना पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत वर्ष की जनता काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|जनता काङ्ग्रेस् भारत वर्षा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड डिसोम पार्टी|झारखण्ड दिसोम पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन हितकारी पार्टी|जन हितकारी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनहित मोर्चा|जनहित मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/जय हिन्द पार्टी|जय हिन्द पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनहित समाज पार्टी|जनहित समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जेबमानी जनता|जेबमानी जनता]] :* [[Wp/mag/जय जवान जय किसान मजदूर काङ्ग्रेस्|जय जवान जय किसान मजदूर काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/जम्मू व कश्मीर अवामी लीग|जम्मू व कश्मीर अवामी लीग]] :* [[Wp/mag/जम्मू व कश्मीर अवामी नेशनल कॉन्फ्रेंस|जम्मू व कश्मीर अवामी नेशनल कॉन्फ्रेंस]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड की क्रान्तिकारी पार्टी|झारखण्ड की क्रान्तिकारी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जवान किसान मोर्चा|जवान किसान मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड पार्टी|झारखण्ड पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड पार्टी (नरेन)|झारखण्ड पार्टी (नरेन)]] :* [[Wp/mag/जम्मू व कश्मीर पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्|जम्मू व कश्मीर पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड पीपुल्स् पार्टी|झारखण्ड पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन लोक कल्याण पार्टी|जन लोक कल्याण पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा (उलगुलान)|झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा (उलगुलान)]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनमङ्गल पक्ष|जनमङ्गल पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनानिष्ठ|जनानिष्ठ]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन क्रान्ति मोर्चा|जन क्रान्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनता पार्टी|जनता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जम्मू आउ कश्मीर पीपुल्स् कान्फ्रेन्स्|जम्मू आउ कश्मीर पीपुल्स् कान्फ्रेन्स्]] :* [[Wp/mag/जय प्रकाश जनता दल|जय प्रकाश जनता दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन प्रिया|जन प्रिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन सेवा पार्टी|जन सेवा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन समर्थन दल|जन समर्थन दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन समानता पार्टी|जन सामानता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनसत्ता पार्टी|जनसत्ता पार्टी]]- इस पार्टी के संथापक रघुराज प्रताप सिंह है। :* [[Wp/mag/जन सुराज्ज शक्ति|जन सुराज्ज शक्ति]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनसेवक समाज पार्टी|जनसेवक समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जगत तेलुगु मुन्नेत्र कलगम्|जगत तेलुगु मुन्नेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/जय तेलङ्गाना पार्टी|जय तेलङ्गाना पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जन उन्नयन मञ्च|जन उन्नयन मञ्च]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनता उदय पार्टी|जनता उदय पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जय विजय भारती पार्टी|जय विजया भारती पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड वनाञ्चल काङ्ग्रेस्|झारखण्ड वनाञ्चल काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड बिकास दल|झारखण्ड बिकास दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/जनता बिकास पार्टी|जनता बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/जेबमानी जनता काच्चि|जेबमानी जनता काच्चि]] ==== क ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/कसनी ज्ञानेश्वर मुदिराज जिन्दाबाद, नयाक्त्त्वं वर्दालाली|कसानी ज्ञानेश्वर मुदिराज जिन्दाबाद, नयाक्त्त्वं वर्दालाली]] :* [[Wp/mag/कामराजार अदिथानर कलगम्|कामराजार अदिथानर कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी बेरोजगार पार्टी|क्रान्तिकारी बेरोजगार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/कन्नड चालवली वाटल पक्ष|कन्नड चालवली वाटल पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/कामराजार देसीय काङ्ग्रेस्|कामराजार देसीय काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/केरल काङ्ग्रेस् (बी)|केरल काङ्ग्रेस् (बी)]] :* [[Wp/mag/केरल काङ्ग्रेस् (जैकब)|केरल काङ्ग्रेस् (जैकब)]] :* [[Wp/mag/खासी फार्मर्स लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|खासी किसान लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/खून ह्य्न्निएव्त्रेप नेशनल अवेकनिंग मूभमेण्ट्|खून ह्य्न्निएव्त्रेप राष्ट्रिय जागृति आन्दोलन]] :* [[Wp/mag/कर्नाटक क्रान्ति दल|कर्नाटक क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्ति कारी जय हिन्द सेना|क्रान्ति कारी जय हिन्द सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/किसान मजदूर बहुजन पार्टी|किसान मजदूर बहुजन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/कैविनाय्गेर मुनेत्र कलगम्|कैविनाय्गेर मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी मनुवादी मोर्चा|क्रान्तिकारी मनुवादी मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/कुकी नेशनल असेंबली|कुकी नेशनल असेंबली]] :* [[Wp/mag/कन्नड़ नाडू पार्टी|कन्नड़ नाडु पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/कोङ्गुनाडु मुन्नेत्र पैरवी|कोङ्गुनाडु मुन्नेत्र पैरवी]] :* [[Wp/mag/किसान नौजवान पार्टी|किसान नौजवान पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/कन्नड पक्ष|कन्नड पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्ति दल|क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्ति परिषद|क्रान्ति परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/कर्नाटक राज्ज रयोटा सङ्घ|कर्नाटक राज्ज रयोता सङ्घ]] :* [[Wp/mag/कामगार समाज दल|कामगार समाज दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/कोसल पार्टी|कोसल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी समाजवादी पार्टी लोहिया|क्रान्तिकारी समाजवादी पार्टी लोहिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी साम्यवादी पार्टी|क्रान्तिकारी साम्यवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/किसान क्रान्ति दल|किसान क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/कर्नाटक थामिज्हर मुनेत्र कलगम्|कर्नाटक थामिज्हार मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/कुदी मक्कल काच्चि|कुडी मक्कल काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/किसान व्यवसायी मजदूर पार्टी|किसान व्यवसायी मजदूर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/किसान बिकास पार्टी|किसान बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/कमजोर वर्ग सङ्घ, बिहार|कमजोर वर्ग सङ्घ, बिहार]] :* [ ==== ल ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/लोक भलाई पार्टी|लोक भलाई पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक भारती|लोक भारती]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक परित्राण पार्टी|लोक परित्राण पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लैटिन काङ्ग्रेस्|लैटिन काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक चेतना पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक चेतना पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक दल|लोक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/लाइफ पीसफुल पार्टी|लाइफ पीसफुल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक हित पार्टी|लोक हित पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक जन समता पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक जन समता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लेबर एंड जॉब सीकर्स पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|भारतके लेबर व रोजगार ढूँढने वालों की पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक मोर्चा हिमाचल प्रदेस|लोकतान्त्रिक मोर्चा हिमाचल प्रदेस]] :* [[Wp/mag/लेबर पार्टी (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)|लेबर पार्टी (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)]] :* [[Wp/mag/लेबर पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (वी.वी.प्रसाद)|लेबर पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया (वी.वी. प्रसाद)]] :* [[Wp/mag/लैरम पीपुल पार्टी|लैरम पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकप्रिय समाज पार्टी|लोकप्रिय समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक राज्ज पार्टी|लोक राज्ज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक सत्ता पार्टी|लोक सत्ता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक शक्ति|लोक शक्ति]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक सेवा दल|लोक सेवा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी|लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकत्रांत्रिक जनता फ्रण्ट्|लोकतान्त्रिक जनता मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक समता दल|लोकतान्त्रिक समता दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/लोक बिकास पार्टी|लोक बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/लेबर बिकास पार्टी|लेबर बिकास पार्टी]] ==== म ==== :*[[Wp/mag/मनिदानाये मक्कल काच्चि (पॉलिटिकल पार्टी आफ् TMMK, तमिल्नाडु)|मनिदानाये मक्कल काच्चि (TMMK राजनीतिक पार्टी, तमिल्नाडु)]] :* [[Wp/mag/मक्कल मनाडू काच्चि|मक्कल मनादु काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/महिला अधिकार पार्टी|महिला अधिकार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मुक्त भारत|मुक्त भारत]] :* [[Wp/mag/मूल भारती (एस) पार्टी|मूल भारती (एस) पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मातृ भूमि रक्षा दल|मातृ भूमि रक्षा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/मजलिस बचाओ तहरीक|मजलिस बचाओ तहरीक]] :* [[Wp/mag/मातृ भूमि बिकास पार्टी|मातृ भूमि बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मोमिन कान्फ्रेन्स्|मोमिन कान्फ्रेन्स्]] :* [[Wp/mag/मार्क्सवादी समन्वय|मार्क्सवादी समन्वय]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मार्क्सवादी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (एस. एस. श्रीवास्तव)|मार्क्सवादी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया (एस एस श्रीवास्तव)]] :* [[Wp/mag/मारालाण्ड लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट्|मारालैंड लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/एम.जी.आर. कलगम्|एमजीआर कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाशक्ति इन्कलाब पार्टी|महाशक्ति इन्कलाब पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मानव जागृति मञ्च|मानव जागृति मञ्च]] :* [[Wp/mag/मानव कल्याण सङ्घ दल|मानव कल्याण सङ्घ दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाकौशल बिकास पार्टी|महाकौशल बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/एम.जी.आर. मन्नेत्र कलगम्|एमजीआर मन्नेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाभारत महाजन सभा|महाभारत महाजन सभा]] :* [[Wp/mag/मुस्लिम मजलिस उत्तरप्रदेस|मुस्लिम मजलिस उत्तरप्रदेस]] :* [[Wp/mag/मणिपुर नेशनल कान्फ्रेन्स्|मणिपुर नेशनल कान्फ्रेन्स्]] :* [[Wp/mag/मक्कल नालौरिमैक कलगम् (पीपुल्स् लिबरल् पार्टी)|मक्कल नालौरिमैक कलगम् (पीपुल्स् लिबरल् पार्टी)]] :* [[Wp/mag/मनुवादी पार्टी|मनुवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मानव पार्टी|मानव पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेस किसान मजदूर आदिवासी क्रान्ति दल|मध्यप्रदेस किसान मजदूर आदिवासी क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र नवनिर्माण सेना|महाराष्ट्र नवनिर्माण सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र प्रदेस क्रान्तिकारी पार्टी|महाराष्ट्र प्रदेस क्रान्तिकारी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|मध्यप्रदेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/मणिपुर पीपुल्स् पार्टी (लोकतान्त्रिक)|मणिपुर पीपुल्स् पार्टी (लोकतान्त्रिक)]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र राजीव काङ्ग्रेस्|महाराष्ट्र राजीव काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र में नवनिर्माण सेना|महाराष्ट्र नवनिर्माण सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/मराठा राष्ट्र परिषद|मराठा राष्ट्र परिषद]] :*[[Wp/mag/मेरा अधिकार राष्ट्रिय दल (M.A.R.D.)|मेरा अधिकार राष्ट्रिय दल (M.A.R.D.)]] :*[[Wp/mag/मुदिराज राष्ट्रिय समिति|मुदिराज राष्ट्रिय समिति]] :*[[Wp/mag/मिनिस्टएरिअल सिस्टम अबोलिशन पार्टी|मिनिस्तेरिअल सिस्टम अबोलिशन पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/मणिपुर स्टेट् काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|मणिपुर स्टेट् काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र धर्मनिरपेक्ष फ्रण्ट्|महाराष्ट्र धर्मनिरपेक्ष मोर्चा]] :*[[Wp/mag/मानव समाज पार्टी|मानव समाज पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/मानव सेवा पार्टी|मानव सेवा पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/मरुमलार्ची थामिज्हकम|मरुमलार्ची थामिज्हकम]] :*[[Wp/mag/मक्कल तमिल देसम|मक्कल तमिल देसम]] :*[[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्|महाराष्ट्र बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्]] :*[[Wp/mag/मक्कल विलिपुनार्वु एयाक्कम|मक्कल विलिपुनार्वु एयाक्कम]] :*[[Wp/mag/मूवेंदर मुनेत्र कलगम्|मूवेंदर मुनेत्र कलगम्]] ==== न ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/नागा नेशनल पार्टी|नागा नेशनल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नव निर्माण नागरिक समिति|नव निर्माण नागरिक समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/निस्सबदा भूरिपक्षम|निशब्द भूरिपक्षम]] :* [[Wp/mag/नवभारत निर्माण पार्टी|नवभारत निर्माण पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी चैरिटी काङ्ग्रेस्|नेशनलिस्ट काङ्ग्रेस् चैरिटी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेताजी काङ्ग्रेस् सेना|नेताजी काङ्ग्रेस् सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय युवा काङ्ग्रेस्|नेशनल यूथ काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय नागरिक पार्टी|नेशनल सिटिजन्स पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेशनल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (भारत)|नेशनल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेशनल लोकतान्त्रिक पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्|नेशनल डेमोक्रेटिक पीपुल्स् फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|नेशनल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय सङ्गठन काङ्ग्रेस्|नेशनल आरगेनाइजेशन काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेशनल पार्टी (भारत)|नेशनल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी पार्टी|नेशनलिस्ट पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेशनल पीपुल्स् पार्टी|नेशनल पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/न्यू इण्डिया नेशनल मूभमेण्ट्|न्यू इण्डिया नेशनल मूभमेण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/न्यू इण्डिया पार्टी|न्यू इण्डिया पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेताजी सुभाष पार्टी|नेताजी सुभाष पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नागरिक एकता दल|नागरिक एकता दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/नागालैंड लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|नागालैंड लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नमादु मक्कल काच्चि|नमाधू मक्कल काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/निदाया मलिक (एन) पार्टी|निदाया मलिक (एन) पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय अल्पसङ्ख्यक पार्टी|नेशनल माईनोरटीस पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नव महाराष्ट्र बिकास पार्टी|नव महाराष्ट्र बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/न्यायनिष्ठ प्रजातन्त्र|न्यायनिष्ठ प्रजातन्त्र]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|नेशनल रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय छात्र पार्टी|नेशनल स्टूडेण्ट्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/निस्वार्थ सेवा पार्टी|निस्वार्थ सेवा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नारी शक्ति पार्टी|नारी शक्ति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/एनटीआर तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी (लक्ष्मी पार्वती)|एनटीआर तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी (लक्ष्मी पार्वती)]] :* [[Wp/mag/नाग विदर्भ आंदोलन समिति|नाग विदर्भ आंदोलन समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेसवालर मुन्नेत्र काच्चि|नेसवालर मुन्नेत्र काच्ची]] :* [[Wp/mag/नेटिव पीपुल्स् पार्टी|नेटिव पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/नव तेलङ्गाना प्रजा पार्टी|नव तेलङ्गाना प्रजा पार्टी]] ==== ओ ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा काङ्ग्रेस्|ओड़िसा काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|ओड़िसा कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा गण परिषद|ओड़िसा गण परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी|ओड़िसा सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी]] ==== प ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/पुडुचेरी मुन्नेत्र काङ्ग्रेस्|पुडुचेरी मुन्नेत्र काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/पटली मक्कल काच्चि|पटली मक्कल काच्चि]]: * [[Wp/mag/देसभक्त (भारती कुर्मी मुस्लिम बहुजन समाजवादी पार्टी)|पेट्रीओट]] :* [[Wp/mag/पुरात्ची भारतम|पुरात्ची भारतम]] :* [[Wp/mag/पश्चिम्बंगा गणतान्त्रिक मञ्च|पश्चिम्बंगा गणतान्त्रिक मञ्च]] :* [[Wp/mag/फुले भारती लोक पार्टी|फुले भारती लोक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पश्चिमबङ्ग राज्ज मुस्लिम लीग|पश्चिमबङ्ग राज्ज मुस्लिम लीग]] :* [[Wp/mag/पृथक बस्तर राज्ज पार्टी|पृथक बस्तर राज्ज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक फ्रण्ट्|पीपुल्स् लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक लीग आफ् इण्डिया|पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक लीग ऑफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक मूभमेण्ट् (भारत)|पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक मूभमेण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (भारत)|पीपुल्स् लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पार्टी फॉर डेमोक्रेटिक सोशलिज्म|पार्टी फॉर डेमोक्रेटिक सोशलिज्म]] :* [[Wp/mag/पवित्र हिन्दुस्तान कलगम्|पवित्र हिन्दुस्तान कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/पिछड़ा समाज पार्टी|पिछड़ा समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाबी दल|पञ्जाबी दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब जनता मोर्चा|पञ्जाब जनता मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् जस्टिस् पार्टी (भारत)|पीपुल्स् जस्टिस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब पीपुल्स् पार्टी|पञ्जाब पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पार्टी किसान मजदूर व्यापारी|पार्टी किसान मजदूर व्यापारी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पाञ्चाल मोर्चा|पाञ्चाल मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/पाण्डिचेरी मनिला मक्कल् मुन्नानी|पाण्डिचेरी मनिला मक्कल् मुन्नानी]] :* [[Wp/mag/परमार्थ पार्टी|परमार्थ पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रगतिशील मानव समाज पार्टी|प्रगतिशील मानव समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पुतिया निधि काच्चि|पुतिया निधि काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रजा पार्टी|प्रजा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रजा राज्जम पार्टी|प्रजा राज्जम पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/अरुणाचल पीपुल्स् पार्टी|पीपुल्स् पार्टी ऑफ् अरुणाचल]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय परचम पार्टी|परचम पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय प्रबन्धन सेवा राजनैतिक पार्टी|पॉलिटिकल पार्टी आफ् नेशनल मैनेजमेंट सर्विस]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय पिरामिड पार्टी|पिरामिड पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/पर्वतीय पुनरुत्थान परिषद|पर्वतीय पुनरुत्थान परिषद्]] :* [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब प्रदेस बिकास पार्टी|पञ्जाब प्रदेस बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पीपुल्स् रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|पीपुल्स् रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रबुद्ध रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|प्रबुद्ध रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रिज्म् (भारतीय राजनीतिक दल)|प्रिज्म्]] :* [[Wp/mag/पञ्चायत राज पार्टी|पञ्चायत राज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/परिवर्तन समाज पार्टी|परिवर्तन समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रगतिशील पार्टी|प्रगतिशील पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पुतिया तमिलगम|पुतिया तमिलगम]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्लेन्स ट्राईबल्स काउन्सिल् आफ् असम|प्लेन्स टराईबल्स काउन्सिल् आफ् असम]] :* [[Wp/mag/प्रौटिस्ट सर्व समाज पार्टी|प्रौटिस्ट सर्व समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पश्चिमी उत्तरप्रदेस स्वराज पार्टी|पश्चिमी उत्तरप्रदेस स्वराज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब बिकास काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|पञ्जाब बिकास काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/पूर्वांचल बिकास पार्टी|पूर्वांचल बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय किसानों आउ श्रमिकों की पार्टी|पीसेंट्स एंड वर्कर्स पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] : :* [[Wp/mag/कौमी जनता दल|कौमी जनता दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/कौमी पार्टी|कौमी पार्टी]] ==== र ==== : *राष्ट्रिय समाज पक्ष 0पार्टी* :* राष्ट्रिय हिन्दु वाहिनी, अखण्ड भारत* :*[[Wp/mag/राज्जाधिकार पार्टी|राज्जाधिकार पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय एकता मञ्च|राष्ट्रिय एकता मञ्च]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय बहुजन काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय बहुजन काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय बहुजन एकता पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय बहुजन एकता पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय भ्रष्टाचार विरोधी मोर्चा|राष्ट्रिय भ्रष्टाचार विरोधी मोर्चा]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|राष्ट्रवादी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (रसिक भट्ट)|रेवोल्यूशनरी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (रसिक भट्ट)]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय देहात मोर्चा पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय देहात मोर्चा पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय धर्मनिरपेक्ष नव भारत पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय धर्मनिरपेक्ष नव भारत पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय देसभक्त पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय देसभक्त पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राजस्थान देव सेना दल|राजस्थान देव सेना दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय गरीब दल|राष्ट्रिय गरीब दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय गुरुजन पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय गुरुजन पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय ग्रामीण पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय ग्रामीण पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राजदल हरियाणा|राजदल हरियाणा]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय हित काङ्ग्रेस्|राष्ट्रिय हित काङ्ग्रेस्]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय हमारा दल|राष्ट्रिय हमारा दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय हिन्दु सङ्गठन|राष्ट्रिय हिन्दु सङ्गठन]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय इन्दिरा पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय इन्दिरा पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनाधिकार पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय जनाधिकार पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनता काङ्ग्रेस्|राष्ट्रिय जनता काङ्ग्रेस्]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनान्दोलन पक्ष|राष्ट्रिय जनान्दोलन पक्ष]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनता जनार्दन पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय जनता जनार्दन पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनक्रान्ति पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय जनक्रान्ति पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जन कल्याण पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय जन कल्याण पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/रिपब्लिकन् जनता पार्टी|रिपब्लिकन् जनता पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जन संगम|राष्ट्रिय जन संगम]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनसेवक परिषद|राष्ट्रिय जनसेवक परिषद]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनतान्त्रिक दल|राष्ट्रिय जनतान्त्रिक दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राजस्थान बिकास पार्टी|राजस्थान बिकास पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय क्रान्तिकारी दल|राष्ट्रिय क्रान्तिकारी दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय कौमी एकता पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय कौमी एकता पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय किसान पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय किसान पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय क्रान्तिकारी समाजवादी पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय क्रान्तिकारी समाजवादी पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय कमजोर वर्ग पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय कमजोर वर्ग पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय लोक सेवा मोर्चा|राष्ट्रिय लोक सेवा मोर्चा]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय मजदूर एकता पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय मजदूर एकता पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय मानव कल्याण सङ्घ|राष्ट्रिय मानव कल्याण सङ्घ]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय मातृभूमि पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय मातृभूमि पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय महासङ्घ|राष्ट्रिय महासङ्घ]] :*[[Wp/mag/राजीव मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्|राजीव मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय न्याय पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय न्याय पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रोत्थान पार्टी|राष्ट्रोत्थान पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय प्रजा काङ्ग्रेस् (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)|राष्ट्रिय प्रजा काङ्ग्रेस् (धर्मनिरपेक्ष)]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन दल|राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/रिपब्लिकन् मूभमेण्ट् (भारत)|रिपब्लिकन् मूभमेण्ट्]] :*[[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :*[[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी (अठावले)|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (आठवले)]] :*[[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी (लोकतान्त्रिक)|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (लोकतान्त्रिक)]] :*[[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी (खोबरागढ़े)|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (खोब्रागड़े)]] :*[[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी (काम्बले)|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (काम्बले)]] :*[[Wp/mag/भारतीय रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी (शिवराज)|रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (शिवराज)]] :*[[Wp/mag/रिपब्लिकन् प्रेसिडियम पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|रिपब्लिकन् प्रेसिडियम पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय राजधानी काङ्ग्रेस् दिल्ली|राष्ट्रिय राजधानी काङ्ग्रेस् दिल्ली]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय रक्षा दल|राष्ट्रिय रक्षा दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/रामराज्ज मार्ग|रामराज्ज मार्ग]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्र शक्ति|राष्ट्र शक्ति]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय साफ नीति पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय साफ नीति पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय स्वाभिमान पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय स्वाभिमान पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी काङ्ग्रेस्|राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी काङ्ग्रेस्]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय स्वर्ण दल|राष्ट्रिय स्वर्ण दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय गरिमा पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय गरिमा पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय स्वजन पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय स्वजन पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय साकार पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय साकार पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समानता दल|राष्ट्रिय समानता दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाधान पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय समाधान पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राजस्थान सामाजिक न्याय मञ्च|राजस्थान सामाजिक न्याय मञ्च]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय सामाजिक नायक पक्ष|राष्ट्रिय सामाजिक नायक पक्ष]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी पार्टी (यूनाईटेड्)|राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी पार्टी (यूनाईटेड्)]] :*[[Wp/mag/रिवोल्यूशनरी सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् केरल (बोल्शेविक्)|रिवोल्यूशनरी सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् केरल (बोल्शेविक्)]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी पार्टी 'प्रगतिशील'|राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी पार्टी 'प्रगतिशील']] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाज पक्ष|राष्ट्रिय समाज पक्ष]] :*[[Wp/mag/राम सेना राष्ट्रवादी|राम सेना राष्ट्रवादी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय सुराज्ज परिषद|राष्ट्रिय सुराज्ज परिषद]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाज सेवक दल|राष्ट्रिय समाज सेवक दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय समाज सुधार पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय समाज सुधार पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय क्रान्ति पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय क्रान्ति पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद|राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय उन्नतिशील दल|राष्ट्रिय उन्नतिशील दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी बिकास दल|राष्ट्रवादी बिकास दल]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी जनता पार्टी|राष्ट्रवादी जनता पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय बिकास पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय बिकास पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राजस्थान वीर सेना|राजस्थान वीर सेना]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी समाज पार्टी|राष्ट्रवादी समाज पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय युवा लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय युवा लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :*[[Wp/mag/कृष्ण सेना|कृष्ण सेना]] :* राष्ट्रवादी लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी :*राष्ट्रिय आजाद् पार्टी सन्स्थापक चन्द्र किशोर शुक्ला (मठिया) ==== स ==== : SARVASHAKTI DAL (INDIA) SURANDRA SINGH GUDHA :* [[Wp/mag/सबजन पार्टी|सबजन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/शिरोमणि अकाली दल (सिमरनजीत सिंह मान)|शिरोमणि अकाली दल (सिमरनजीत सिंह मान)]] :* [[Wp/mag/समता पार्टी|समता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/शक्ति भारत देसम्|शक्ति भारत देसम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/सचेत भारत पार्टी|सचेत भारत पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सदभावना पार्टी|सदभावना पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/शिक्षित बेरोजगार सेना|शिक्षित बेरोजगार सेना]] :* [[Wp/mag/सुहेलदेव भारतीय समाज पार्टी|सुहेलदेव भारतीय समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/श्री भारत बिकास पक्ष|श्री भारत बिकास पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/शक्ति दल|शक्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सबका दल भारतीय समाजवादी काङ्ग्रेस्|सबका दल भारतीय समाजवादी काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/संयुक्त दस्तकार पार्टी|संयुक्त दस्तकार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|सोशलिस्टिक् लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सर्वधर्म पार्टी (मध्यप्रदेस)|सर्वधर्म पार्टी (मध्यप्रदेस)]] * [[Wp/mag/सर्वभारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्|सर्वभारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/सामाजिक एकता पार्टी|सामाजिक एकता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सर्वहारा दल|सर्वहारा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सिक्किम हिमाली राज्ज परिषद|सिक्किम हिमाली राज्ज परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/सर्ब हिन्द शिरोमणि अकाली दल|सर्ब हिन्द शिरोमणि अकाली दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/शोषित समाज पार्टी|शोषित समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी जनता दल लोकतान्त्रिक|समाजवादी जनता दल लोकतान्त्रिक]] :* [[Wp/mag/सोशल् जस्टिस् पार्टी|सोशल् जस्टिस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी जनता पार्टी (महाराष्ट्र)|समाजवादी जनता पार्टी (महाराष्ट्र)]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी जनता पार्टी (राष्ट्रिय)|समाजवादी जनता पार्टी (राष्ट्रिय)]] :* [[Wp/mag/सिंह जन सेवा पार्टी|सिंह जन सेवा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सामाजिक जनतान्त्रिक पार्टी|सामाजिक जनतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/शुभ कर्नाटक|शुभ कर्नाटक]] :* [[Wp/mag/स्वतन्त्र क्रान्ति दल|स्वतन्त्र क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सिक्किम जनशक्ति पार्टी|सिक्किम जनशक्ति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सोशल् एक्शन पार्टी|सोशल् एक्शन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी पार्टी (लोहिया)|समाजवादी पार्टी (लोहिया)]] :* [[Wp/mag/समुदाय मुनेत्र कलगम्|समुदाय मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/स्वर्ण महासभा|स्वर्ण महासभा]] :* [[Wp/mag/समता समाज पार्टी|समता समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सत्य मेव पार्टी|सत्यमेव पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/धर्मनिरपेक्ष राष्ट्रिय द्रविड़ पार्टी|धर्मनिरपेक्ष नेशनल द्रविड़ पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सिक्किम नेशनल लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्|सिक्किम नेशनल लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/सामाजिक न्याय पार्टी|सामाजिक न्याय पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी पार्टी|समाजवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सरदार पटेल काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|सरदार पटेल काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारत की धर्मनिरपेक्ष पार्टी|भारत की धर्मनिरपेक्ष पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सरपञ्च समाज पार्टी|सरपञ्च समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सम्पूर्ण बिकास दल|संपूर्ण बिकास दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सोशलिस्ट् रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी (भारत)|सोशलिस्ट् रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सर्व सेवा पार्टी|सर्व सेवा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सर्वहारा समाज पार्टी|सर्वहारा समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/शोषित समाज दल|शोषित समाज दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सहजधारी सिख फेडरेशन्|सहजधारी सिख फेडरेशन्]] :* [[Wp/mag/समता सङ्घर्ष पार्टी|समता सङ्घर्ष पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सनातन समाज पार्टी|सनातन समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सिक्किम सङ्ग्राम परिषद|सिक्किम सङ्ग्राम परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/स्वतन्त्र भारत पक्ष|स्वतन्त्र भारत पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय समाजतान्त्रिक पार्टी|समाजतान्त्रिक पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/शेतकारी विचार दल|शेतकारी विचार दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सदन बिकास पार्टी|सदन बिकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/सर्वोदय पार्टी|सर्वोदय पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/शिवराज्ज पार्टी|शिवराज्ज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/स्वर्ण समाज पार्टी|सवर्ण समाज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/स्वराज दल|स्वराज दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी जन परिषद|समाजवादी जन परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/शिरोमणि यूथ अकाली दल (कहलों)|शिरोमणि यूथ अकाली दल (कहलों)]] :* [[Wp/mag/समाजवादी युवा दल|समाजवादी युवा दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/सतयुग पार्टी|सतयुग पार्टी]] ==== त ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना राष्ट्र समिति|तेलङ्गाना राष्ट्र समिति]] :* [[Wp/mag/थामिलर भूमि|थामिलार भूमि]] :* [[Wp/mag/थोन्दर काङ्ग्रेस्|थोन्दर काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी|तेलङ्गाना काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/द कंस्यूमर पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|द कंस्यूमर पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल देसियक काच्चि|तमिल देसियक काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/द ग्रेट् इण्डिया रिवोल्युशनर्स्|द ग्रेट् इण्डिया रिवोल्युशनर्स्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना प्रजा पार्टी|तेलङ्गाना प्रजा पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/थरासु मक्कल मन्द्रम|थरासु मक्कल मन्द्रम]] :* [[Wp/mag/भारतीय मानवता पार्टी|द ह्युमेनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/थेसिया जननायक मक्कल काच्चि|थेसिया जननायक मक्कल काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/तराई क्रान्ति दल|तराई क्रान्ति दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिलर कलगम्|तमिलर कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल् मानिला काङ्ग्रेस् (मूपनार)|तमिल् मानिला काङ्ग्रेस् (मूपनार)]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल् मानिला कामराज काङ्ग्रेस्|तमिल् मानिला कामराज काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिलगा मक्कल मुनेत्र कलगम्|तमिलगा मक्कल मुनेत्र कलगम्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु देसीय ग्रामीय थोज्हिलालार काङ्ग्रेस्|तमिल्नाडु देसीय ग्रामीय थोज्हिलालार काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तृणमूल गण परिषद|तृणमूल गण परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्|तमिल्नाडु मक्कल काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु पीपुल्स् पार्टी|तमिल्नाडु पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु किसान आउ मजदूर पार्टी|तमिल्नाडु किसान आउ मजदूर पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/ट्राईबल्स पीपुल्स् पार्टी|ट्राईबल पीपुल पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिज्हागा राजीव काङ्ग्रेस्|तमिज्हागा राजीव काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/द रिलिजीअन आफ् मॅन् रिवोल्विङ्ग् पॉलिटिकल् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|द रिलिजीअन आफ् मॅन् रिवोल्विङ्ग् पॉलिटिकल् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/त्रिलोक शक्ति काङ्ग्रेस् भारत|त्रिलोक शक्ति काङ्ग्रेस् भारत]] :* [[Wp/mag/त्याग मक्कल् काच्चि|त्याग मक्कल् काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिज्हागा मुन्नेत्र मुन्नानी|तमिज्हागा मुन्नेत्र मुन्नानी]] :* [[Wp/mag/तमिज्हार पार्टी|तमिज्हार पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी|तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी]] ==== यू ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड बोडो नेशनलिस्ट लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्|यूनाईटेड बोडो नेशनलिस्ट लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट्]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड सिटिजन पार्टी|यूनाईटेड सिटिजन पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|यूनाईटेड कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाइटेड् इण्डियन् लोकतान्त्रिक काउन्सिल्|यूनाइटेड् इण्डियन् डेमोक्रेटिक काउन्सिल्]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाइटेड् इण्डिया पीपुल्स् पार्टी|यूनाइटेड् इण्डिया पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/उत्तराखण्ड जनवादी पार्टी|उत्तराखण्ड जनवादी पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड अल्पसङ्ख्यक मोर्चा, असम|यूनाईटेड माईनोरीटिस फ्रण्ट्, असम]] :* [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस जन मानस पार्टी|उत्तरप्रदेस जन मानस पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/उजहैप्पलर काच्चि|उजहैप्पलर काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/उजहैप्पलर पोधू नालाकत्ची|उजहैप्पलर पोधू नालाकत्ची]] :* [[Wp/mag/संयुक्त पीपुल्स् असमके पार्टी|यूनाईटेड पीपुल्स् पार्टी आफ् असम]] :* [[Wp/mag/उत्तरप्रदेस रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी|उत्तरप्रदेस रिपब्लिकन् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड रिजर्वेशन मूभमेण्ट् काउन्सिल् आफ् असम|यूनाईटेड रिजर्वेशन मूभमेण्ट् काउन्सिल् आफ् असम]] :* [[Wp/mag/उत्तराखण्ड संस्कृति परिषद|उत्तराखण्ड संस्कृति परिषद]] :* [[Wp/mag/उर्स संयुक्त पक्ष|उर्स संयुक्त पक्ष]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड ट्राईबल् नेशनलिस्ट् लिबरेशन् फ्रण्ट्|यूनाईटेड ट्राईबल् नेशनलिस्ट् लिबरेशन् फ्रण्ट्]] ==== व ==== :* [[Wp/mag/वञ्चित बहुजन आघाड़ी|वञ्चित बहुजन आघाड़ी]] :* [[Wp/mag/विवासयी अम्भु काच्चि|विवासायी अम्भु काच्चि]] :* [[Wp/mag/बिकासवादी कम्यूनिज्म पार्टी|बिकासवादी कम्युनिज्म पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/विदर्भ जनता काङ्ग्रेस्|विदर्भ जनता काङ्ग्रेस्]] :* [[Wp/mag/विजेता पार्टी|विजेता पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/विधायक दल|विधायक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/विश्व माया राजनीतिक दल|विश्व माया राजनीतिक दल]] :* [[Wp/mag/विकास पार्टी|विकास पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/विदर्भ राज्ज मुक्ति मोर्चा|विदर्भ राज्ज मुक्ति मोर्चा]] :* [[Wp/mag/विदर्भ राज्ज पार्टी|विदर्भ राज्ज पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/विदर्भ बिकास पार्टी|विदर्भ बिकास पार्टी]] ==== व ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/पच्छिमबङ्गाल सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी|पच्छिमबङ्गाल सोशलिस्ट् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/वूमनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|वुमनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] ==== यू ==== : :* [[Wp/mag/यूथ ब्रिगेड (भारत)|यूथ ब्रिगेड]] :* [[Wp/mag/युवा गणतन्त्र पार्टी|युवा गणतन्त्र पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/युवा जन जागृति पार्टी|युवा जन जागृति पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूथ् एण्ड् स्टूडेण्ट्स् पार्टी|यूथ् एण्ड् स्टूडेण्ट्स् पार्टी]] :* [[Wp/mag/यूथ् फॉर् इक्वेलिटी|यूथ् फॉर् इक्वेलिटी]] === अन्य दल === भारतमे ढेर राजनैतिकदल चुनाव आयोगमे कखनियो पञ्जीकृत नै भेलहे । * [[Wp/mag/बिप्लोबी होम् काङ्ग्रेस्|बिप्लव होम् काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/BTR-EMS-AKG जनाकीय वेदी|BTR-EMS-AKG जनकीय वेदी]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (माओवादी)|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (माओवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी - लेनिनवादी) केन्द्रीय दल|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) केन्द्रीय दल]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी - लेनिनवादी) जनशक्ति|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) जनशक्ति]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी - लेनिनवादी) (कानू सान्याल)|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) (कानू सान्याल)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी - लेनिनवादी) (महादेव मुखर्जी)|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) (महादेव मुखर्जी)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) नक्सलबाडी|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) नक्सलबाडी]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी - लेनिनवादी) न्यू डेमोक्रेसी|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) न्यू डेमोक्रेसी]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी - लेनिनवादी) रेड फ्लैग|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) रेड् फ्लॅग्]] * [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् रेवोल्युशनरी माओवादी|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् रेवोल्युशनरी माओवादी]] * [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् यूनाईटेड् स्टेट्स् आफ् इण्डिया|कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् यूनाईटेड् स्टेट्स् आफ् इण्डिया]] * [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् रेवोल्युशनरी लीग आफ् इण्डिया|कम्युनिस्ट् रेवोल्युशनरी लीग आफ् इण्डिया]] * [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् वर्कर्स पार्टी (भारत)|कम्युनिस्ट् वर्कर्स पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/दलित पैन्थर्स् ऑफ् इण्डिया|दलित पैन्थर्स् ऑफ् इण्डिया]] (''विदुथालाई सिरुथैगल)'' [[Wp/mag/तमिल्नाडु|(तमिल्नाडु)]] के नामोसे जानल जाहे । * [[Wp/mag/गण अभियान ओड़िसा|गण अभियान ओड़िसा]] * [[Wp/mag/गोरखा नेशनल लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट् (सी.के. प्रधान)|गोरखा नेशनल लिबरेशन फ्रण्ट् (सी.के. प्रधान)]] * [[Wp/mag/अंतराष्ट्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|अंतराष्ट्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/केरल दलित सङ्घ|केरल दलित सङ्घ]] * [[Wp/mag/कुनाबी सेना|कुनाबी सेना]] * [[Wp/mag/लाल निशान पार्टी|लाल निशान पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/लाल निशान पार्टी (लेनिनवादी)|लाल निशान पार्टी (लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी समिति|मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी कमेटी]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टीके केन्द्रीय अस्थायी समिति (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टीके केन्द्रीय अस्थायी समिति (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/सावित्री (पुस्तक)|सावित्री इरा पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/शहर बिकास अघाडी|शहर बिकास अगाड़ी]] * [[Wp/mag/सोशलिस्ट् यूनिटी सेण्टर् ऑफ् इण्डिया|सोशलिस्ट् यूनिटी सेण्टर् ऑफ् इण्डिया]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|तेलङ्गाना कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना जनता पार्टी|तेलङ्गाना जनता पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना प्रजा समिति|तेलङ्गाना प्रजा समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना राष्ट्र पार्टी|तेलङ्गाना राष्ट्र पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना साधना समिति|तेलङ्गाना साधना समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना बिकास पार्टी|तेलङ्गाना बिकास पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/यूनिटी सेंटर आफ् कम्युनिस्ट् रिवोल्युशनरिस आफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|यूनिटी सेंटर आफ् कम्युनिस्ट् रिवोल्यूशनरिस (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/वर्कर्स पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया|वर्कर्स पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] === भूतपूर्व दल === * [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् क्रान्तिकारीके समन्वय समिति|अखिल भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् क्रान्तिकारीके समन्वय समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय झारखण्ड पार्टी|अखिल भारतीय झारखण्ड पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रवादी तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्|राष्ट्रवादी तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/आन्ध्रप्रदेस के कम्युनिस्ट् क्रान्तिकारियके समन्वय समिति|आन्ध्रप्रदेस के कम्युनिस्ट् क्रान्तिकारियके समन्वय समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/अन्ना तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी|अन्ना तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/अरुणाचल काङ्ग्रेस् (मिथि)|अरुणाचल काङ्ग्रेस् (मिथी)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जन काङ्ग्रेस्|भारतीय जन काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय जनसङ्घ|भारतीय जनसङ्घ]] * [[Wp/mag/बिहार पीपुल्स् पार्टी|बिहार पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] [[Wp/mag/बिहार|(बिहार)]] * [[Wp/mag/बिरसा सेवा दल|बिरसा सेवा दल]] * [[Wp/mag/बोल्शेविक-लेनिनवादी भारत, सीलोन आउ बर्माके पार्टी|बोल्शेविक-लेनिनवादी भारत, सीलोन आउ बर्माके पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/बोल्शेविक भारत की पार्टी|बोल्शेविक पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] * [[Wp/mag/सेंट्रल पुनर्गठन समिति, भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|केन्द्रीय पुनर्गठन समिति, भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/छोटानागपुर मोर्चा|छोटानागपुर मोर्चा]] * [[Wp/mag/छोटानागपुर पठार प्रजा परिषद|छोटानागपुर पठार प्रजा परिषद]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) दूसरी केंद्रीय समिति|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी) दूसरी केंद्रीय समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डियन् यूनियन (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|भारतीय सङ्घ की कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी, लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/कम्युनिस्ट् रिवोल्यूशनरी पार्टी|कम्युनिस्ट् रिवोल्यूशनरी पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/काङ्ग्रेस् (डोलो)|काङ्ग्रेस् (डोलो)]] * [[Wp/mag/डेमोक्रेटिक रिवोल्यूशनरी पीपुल्स् पार्टी|डेमोक्रेटिक रिवोल्यूशनरी पीपुल्स् पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/देस सेवक पार्टी|देस सेवक पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/दूरदर्शी पार्टी|दूरदर्शी पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/फॉरवर्ड कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|फॉरवर्ड कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/हिमाचल बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्|हिमाचल बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्]] ("हिमाचल बेलफेयर् काङ्ग्रेस्") [[Wp/mag/हिमाचलप्रदेस|(हिमाचल प्रदेस)]] * [[Wp/mag/हूल झारखण्ड पार्टी|हूल झारखण्ड पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/हैदराबाद् राज्ज प्रजा पार्टी|हैदराबाद् स्टेट् प्रजा पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस् (सोशलिस्ट्)|इण्डियन् काङ्ग्रेस् (समाजवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (सङ्गठन)|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (सङ्गठन)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (शेख हसन)|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (शेख हसन)]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (उर्स)|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (उर्स)]] * [[Wp/mag/झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा (B)|झारखण्ड मुक्ति मोर्चा (B)]] * [[Wp/mag/जनता दल (अजित)|जनता दल (अजित)]] * [[Wp/mag/किसान मजदूर प्रजा पार्टी|किसान मजदूर प्रजा पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी मुक्ति मोर्चा|क्रान्तिकारी मुक्ति मोर्चा]] * [[Wp/mag/कृषिकार लोक पार्टी|कृषिकार लोक पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/लाल झण्डा दल|लाल झण्डा दल]] * [[Wp/mag/लोक राज पार्टी हिमाचल प्रदेस|लोक राज पार्टी हिमाचल प्रदेस]] * [[Wp/mag/लोक शक्ति|लोक शक्ति]] * [[Wp/mag/मध्यप्रदेस बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्|मध्यप्रदेस बिकास काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र बिकास पार्टी|महाराष्ट्र बिकास पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/नेशनल फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक्|नेशनल फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक्]] * [[Wp/mag/नतुन असम गण परिषद|नतुन असम गण परिषद]] * [[Wp/mag/निखिल मणिपुरी महासभा|निखिल मणिपुरी महासभा]] * [[Wp/mag/निखिल उत्कल आदिवासी काङ्ग्रेस्|निखिल उत्कल आदिवासी काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आयोजन समिति (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आयोजन समिति (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/ओड़िसा जना काङ्ग्रेस्|ओड़िसा जना काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/पसुम्पों फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक्|पसुम्पों फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक्]] * [[Wp/mag/अरुणाचल पीपुल्स् पार्टी|पीपुल्स् पार्टी आफ् अरुणाचल]] * [[Wp/mag/प्रगति बिधायक दल|प्रगति बिधायक दल]] * [[Wp/mag/पुडुचेरी मक्कल् काङ्ग्रेस्|पुडुचेरी मक्कल् काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/पञ्जाब कम्युनिस्ट् क्रान्तिकारी समिति|पञ्जाब कम्युनिस्ट् क्रान्तिकारी समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/कट्टरपंथी लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (भारत)|कट्टरपंथी लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/राष्ट्रिय जनता दल (लोकतान्त्रिक)|राष्ट्रिय जनता दल (लोकतान्त्रिक)]] * [[Wp/mag/रियल भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी|रियल कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी आफ् इण्डिया]] * [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी (भारत)|क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट् एकता सेण्टर् (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट् एकता सेण्टर् (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)]] * [[Wp/mag/क्रान्तिकारी फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक|क्रान्तिकारी फॉरवर्ड् ब्लॉक]] * [[Wp/mag/अनुसूचित जाति फेडरेशन्|अनुसूचित जाति फेडरेशन्]] * [[Wp/mag/सुभासिस्ट फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक|सुभासिस्ट फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक]] * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना प्रजा समिति|तेलङ्गाना प्रजा समिति]] * [[Wp/mag/संयुक्त झारखण्ड पार्टी|संयुक्त झारखण्ड पार्टी]] * [[Wp/mag/यूनाईटेड् पीपुल्स् पार्टी आफ् असम|यूनाईटेड् पीपुल्स् पार्टी आफ् असम]] * [[Wp/mag/उत्कल काङ्ग्रेस्|उत्कल काङ्ग्रेस्]] * [[Wp/mag/वीर बिरसा दल|वीर बिरसा दल]] * [[Wp/mag/बिशाल हरियाणा पार्टी|बिशाल हरियाणा पार्टी]] == लुप्त/राज्जीय गठबन्धन == [[Wp/mag/१९९०|१९९०]] के बादसे, भारतीय मतदाता लगातार राज्ज आउ राष्ट्रियस्तर पर खण्डित जनादेस देलक हे । एही चलते ढेर दल जेकरामे छोट (आउ कखनियो-कखनियो मौलिक) बैचारिक मतभेद हे, सत्ता पर दावा करेला गठबन्धन कर ले हे । भारतमे निम्नलिखित राजनैतिकदलके गठबन्धन हे । * [[Wp/mag/बङ्गला बचाओ मोर्चा|बङ्गला बचाओ मोर्चा]] - [[Wp/mag/पच्छिमबङ्गाल|पच्छिमबङ्गाल]]के [[Wp/mag/२००१|२००१]] बिधानसभा चुनावमे बिीपक्षी मोर्चा । एकर नेतृत्व [[Wp/mag/अखिल भारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्|अखिल भारतीय तृणमूल काङ्ग्रेस्]] कैलक हल । * [[Wp/mag/लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट् (भारत)|लोकतान्त्रिक फ्रण्ट्]] - [[Wp/mag/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]]मे सत्ताधारी गठबन्धन । * [[Wp/mag/हिम लोकतान्त्रिक मोर्चा|हिम लोकतान्त्रिक मोर्चा]] - [[Wp/mag/हिमाचलप्रदेस|हिमाचलप्रदेस]]मे 'तीसरा मोर्चा', अखन समाप्त हो गेलहे । * [[Wp/mag/नेशनल् फ्रण्ट् (भारत)|नेशनल् फ्रण्ट]] - [[Wp/mag/जनता दल|जनता दल]]के नेतृत्वमे [[Wp/mag/१९८९|१९८९]]-[[Wp/mag/१९९१|१९९१]] मे [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]] पर शासन कैलक । अखन समाप्त हो गलेहे । * [[Wp/mag/वाम लोकतान्त्रिक मोर्चा|वाम लोकतान्त्रिक मोर्चा]] - [[Wp/mag/केरल|केरल]]मे बिपक्षी मोर्चा, [[Wp/mag/सीपीआई (एम)|सीपीआई (एम)]] के नेतृत्वमे । * [[Wp/mag/वाम मोर्चा|वाम मोर्चा]] - [[Wp/mag/सीपीआई (एम)|सीपीआई (एम)]] के नेतृत्वमे । * [[Wp/mag/सिक्किं यूनाइटेड् डेमोक्रेटिक् एलायन्स्|सिक्किं यूनाइटेड् डेमोक्रेटिक् एलायन्स्]] - [[Wp/mag/सिक्किम|सिक्किम]]मे राजनीतिक मोर्चा, जेकरामे क्षेत्रीयदल, [[Wp/mag/भाजपा|भाजपा]] [[Wp/mag/भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|INC]]-ओ हे । * [[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना राष्ट्रसाधना मोर्चा|तेलङ्गाना राष्ट्रसाधना मोर्चा]] -[[Wp/mag/तेलङ्गाना|पृथक-तेलङ्गाना]] राज्ज प्राप्त करेला समर्थकदल । * [[Wp/mag/तीसरा मोर्चा|तीसरा मोर्चा]] / [[Wp/mag/संयुक्त राष्ट्रिय प्रगतिशील गठबन्धन|संयुक्त राष्ट्रिय प्रगतिशील गठबन्धन]] * [[Wp/mag/संयुक्त मोर्चा (भारत)|संयुक्त मोर्चा]] - 'तीसरा मोर्चा' जे [[Wp/mag/१९९६|१९९६]]-[[Wp/mag/१९९८|१९९८]] तक भारत पर शासन कैलक । अखन समाप्त हो गेलहे । == एकरो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/राजनीतिकदलके सूची|राजनीतिकदलके सूची]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतमे उदारवाद|भारतमे उदारवाद]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय व्यापार सङ्गठन|भारतीय व्यापार सङ्गठन]] * [[Wp/mag/भारतीय छात्र सङ्गठनके सूची|भारतीय छात्र सङ्गठनके सूची]] == आधिकारिक दल == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190312121347/http://www.bjp.org/ भारतीय जनता पार्टी (भाजपा)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831055222/http://www.congress.org.in/ भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस् (INC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190928075221/http://www.bspindia.org/ बहुजन समाज पार्टी (बसपा)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214702/http://bharatnavnirmansena.com/ भारत नवनिर्माण सेना (BNS)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171225025034/http://www.cpim.org/ कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी ऑफ् इण्डिया (मार्क्सवादी)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100301152214/http://www.cpindia.org/ भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट् पार्टी] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181118105705/http://www.dmk.in/ द्रविड मुनेत्र कलगम् (DMK)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190602215321/https://www.liberalpartyofindia.org/ स्वतन्त्र भारत पार्टी] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171217121933/http://ncp.org.in/ राष्ट्रवादी काङ्ग्रेस् पार्टी (राकांपा)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170913080350/http://prajarajyam.org/ प्रजा राज्जं पार्टी (PRP)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170919092518/http://telugudesam.com/ तेलुगुदेसं पार्टी (तेदेपा)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060820040930/http://www.suci.in/ सोशलिस्ट् यूनिटी सेण्टर् ऑफ् इण्डिया (SUCI)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160205030335/http://chpp.cfsites.org/ मानवीय राजनीतिकदलके परिसङ्घ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110827080713/http://loksatta.org/ लोकसत्ता पार्टी] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181115195429/https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen अखिल भारतीय मजलिस् इत्तेहादुल् मुस्लिमिन् (AIMIM)] == अन्य जालस्थाल == * [https://hindi.eci.gov.in/ भारत निर्वाचन आयोग Election Commission of India] == बाहरी कड़ी == *https://web.archive.org/web/20191202145922/https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/6-national-parties-earned-rs-1200-crore-in-fy18/articleshow/67137504.cms *https://web.archive.org/web/20191015054543/https://adrindia.org/content/analysis-income-expenditure-national-political-parties-fy-2017-2018 == आगे पढ़ेला == * सुब्रत के. मित्र तथा वी.बी. सिंह. 1999.''भारत में लोकतन्त्र व सामाजिक परिवर्तन : राष्ट्रिय मतदाताओं का एक गहन विश्लेषण. '' नव दिल्ली: सेज प्रकाशन. ISBN 81-7036-809-X (India HB) ISBN 0-7619-9344-4 (U.S. HB). * सुब्रत के. मित्र, माइक एन्स्कट, क्लेमेंस स्पिएस (eds.). 2004. ''दक्षिण एशिया में राजनीतिक dal. '' ग्रीनवुड: प्रेजेर. == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची|2}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/राजनीतिकदलके सूची]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भारतके राजनीतिकदल]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1369087}} c4gnbtcolg86w9ns0bb23s9f9i5rn54 0 3500967 6706949 6672640 2025-07-10T17:19:30Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q109628317}} '''Halima Buba''' ndgya Nigerian business woman ba banker hearo Adamawa state. kijakau jo ih thurau Managing Director and CEO of Sun Trust Bank plc.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/21/buba-now-suntrust-bank-ceo/</ref><ref>https://leadership.ng/sun-trust-bank-appoints-halima-buba-as-md-ceo/</ref> ==Rayuwa== Buba ji kudna bachelor's degree or Business management and MBA hearo University of Maiduguri. <ref>https://www.thecable.ng/nneka-onyeali-ikpe-miriam-olusanya-female-bank-mds-shattering-the-ceiling</ref><ref>https://www.channelstv.com/2021/07/18/women-on-the-rise-seven-female-mds-leading-nigerian-banks/</ref>ndgya alumnus of the Lagos Business School and honorary member of the Chartered Institute of Bankers and a Fellow of the Institute of Management Consultants.<ref>https://independent.ng/sun-trust-bank-appoints-halima-buba-as-md-ceo/</ref> A zaban yirji aga MD/CEO ni Sun Trust Bank or January 2021 daga ji in thurau aga deputy general manager in Ecobank Nigeria.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/476730-meet-nigerian-women-leading-top-banks-as-mds-ceos.html</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/halima-bubas-uncommon-aura/</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q109628317}} qa0ndmy9pmrptau131y11tf6gutqtsd 0 3501272 6706978 6698535 2025-07-10T17:31:51Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Politics */ 6706978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q53870609}} '''Musa Halilu Ahmed''' OFR, <ref>https://independent.ng/we-were-threatened-during-apc-ward-congress-in-oyo-committee-chair/alhaji-musa-halilu-ahmed/</ref>kran ji sinbiya inga Dujima or Musa Yola (nji yanyi hya tufo 13, fa 1976),<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/apc-chieftain-musa-halilu-ahmed-bags-dujuma-adamawa-title-tomorrow/</ref> ndgya Nigerian businessman and politician. najan Dujuma of [[Wp/mrt/Adamawa State|Adamawa State]], ptil gargajiya kra a yi kudau ni Borno Empire pichir 18th century or [[Wp/mrt/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. najan Chairman of TILT Group, a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Nigeria with diversified investments spanning key business sectors of the African economy, including energy, construction, engineering, agriculture, and technology.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/tilt-group-boss-bags-the-first-integrity-in-conduct-award/</ref><ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/08/08/the-amazing-lifestyle-of-habeeb-okunola-at-40/</ref><ref>https://www.naija.ng/1159961-apc-chieftain-musa-yola-turbaned-dujima-adamawa-1.html#1159961</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== ==Siyasa== ==Honours== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q53870609}} a111gxayherwx9nmp58hjap817emjfw 0 3501806 6706873 6698485 2025-07-10T16:00:13Z Galdiz 2568250 /* tau */ 6706873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q5984639}} Ibrahim Abdullahi Lamorde <ref>http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/11/28/waziri%E2%80%99s-sack-and-the-future-of-efcc/</ref><ref>http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/02/15/lamorde-is-nigerias-new-anti-graft-czar/</ref>(20 hya kupou sudan fa 1962 – 25 hya tufo fa 2024) ndgya kra Nigerian police officer kran ji zaba aga Acting Chairman ni Economic and Financial Crimes Commission<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/308905-why-ex-efcc-chairman-lamorde-wasnt-promoted-dig.html</ref> (EFCC) or 23 hya kupou tan fa 2011 ayi kudu chairman Farida Waziri dagan ji kithnanyi President Goodluck Jonathan. A darja confirmed ni Chairman herara Senate or 15 hya hya sudan fa 2012.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120119190028/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2011/dec/11/national-11-12-2011-010.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120611121004/http://nationalmirroronline.net/news/25714.html</ref> ==Early career== ==EFCC== ==Miscellaneous== ==Sacked By Buhari== ==tau== == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5984639}} johiya3dgtwuv7vhvwezmfh99rmf615 0 3502053 6706970 6686785 2025-07-10T17:27:20Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q112524414}} '''Mahmud Modibbo Tukur''' (1944–1988) ndgya Nigerian historian, scholar ba najan ni 4th National President of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU). Tukur najan dugalu or Department of History ba Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences or Ahmadu Bello University ji dzugwa thau or fa 15 kupou tan 1988 or Zaria.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1080/03056248808703801</ref><ref>https://www.scribd.com/book/321285898/British-Colonisation-of-Northern-Nigeria-1897-1914-A-Reinterpretation-of-Colonial-Sources</ref><ref>https://www.scribd.com/book/321285898/British-Colonisation-of-Northern-Nigeria-1897-1914-A-Reinterpretation-of-Colonial-Sources</ref> ==Rayuwa== ==Works== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q112524414}} e6ej0johm3kc4rp94xplcsjmcrc5r08 0 3502055 6706924 6698928 2025-07-10T17:07:18Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706924 wikitext text/x-wiki Mallam '''Aliyu Mai-Bornu''' (fa 1919 – 23 hya hya sudan fa 1970) ndgya Nigerian economist, ba ndgya ni tangrima ni ih-ih Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria.<ref>http://www.cenbank.org/AboutCBN/RetiredExecutive.asp?Name=Alhaji+Aliyu+Mai-Bornu</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200704230312.html</ref> ==Rayuwa== ===Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə=== Mai-Bornu nji yanyi or Yola <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200909290748.html</ref>dunyi Kanuri ngya. dunyi councillor ngya an Lamido Native Authority ba initially opposed Mai-Bornu's attendance of school kamin nji dzugwa kithnanyi Lamido nji dzugwa ninyi an Mai-Bornu dama. Mai-Bornu andarja ando Yola Elementary School, Yola Middle School, banji dzugwa ninyi admission avo Kaduna College ==nya biya== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4727552}} in9mad2hf6pojpkx65bnlgzpw687y80 0 3502207 6706976 6676614 2025-07-10T17:29:51Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q119347144}} '''Muhammad Bello "Maigari" bin Ahmadu "Babbawa"''' (1880–1928) najan 8th Lamido Adamawa ba ndu munagun gya kuma ijinya Modibbo Adama.<ref>http://archive.org/details/adamawapastprese0000kirk</ref> kra tsaga ptil kur ni Adamawa, najan shili inga Lamido of Nassarawo in modern-day Jada.<ref>http://archive.org/details/reports-mandated-territories-1920</ref> ==Rayuwa == Maigari's father and grandfather Maigari nji yanyi 1880 pichir ptil kur Lamido Umaru Sanda. dunyi, Yerima Babbawa, najan ijinya Modibbo Adama ba Lamdo of Nyibango. Dunya Yerima, Hamidu bin Modibbo Adama, administered a significant swath of land kra nji kari ara Chamba ba njir Verre, kra pahna Nyibango (kran ji sinbiya inga Hibango), ada 30 miles south west of Yola, najan ni hada.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=5DvsDAAAQBAJ</ref>: 77–78 == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q119347144}} 9inki50rxvcloghjrtpis1pm6ivyfv6 0 3503395 6706868 6686371 2025-07-10T15:55:46Z Galdiz 2568250 6706868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q5989581}} '''Idris Abubakar''' (fa 1955– fa 2002) naja ngya nji zaba aga Senator ni Gombe South constituency of [[Wp/mrt/Gombe State|Gombe State]], Nigeria daga nji soma Nigerian Fourth Republic, ji thunga or All People's Party (APP) platform. Baji thuri office or 29 hya tufo fa 1999. '''''(help to expand this article from [[w:en:Idris Abubakar |English Wikipedia]])''''' [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5989581}} aawkip63ivw9omx3h22lj88pw7jco90 0 3503649 6706966 6698556 2025-07-10T17:24:58Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Politics */ 6706966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q91194186}} '''Kabir Muhammad Haruna''' kra nji sinbiyan yi ingya Kabiru Gombe ndgya Nigerian Islamic scholar and preacher. najan National Secretary General of the Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah wa Iqamatus Sunnah ni kijakau, kra dugalau Salafiyyah movement in Nigeria, tun or hya kupou sudan fa 2011. ==nya biya== ==Islam== ==Siyasa== ==See also== * [[Wp/mrt/JIBWIS|JIBWIS]] * [[Wp/mrt/Sani Yahaya Jingir|Sani Yahaya Jingir]] * [[Wp/mrt/Ahmad Abubakar Gumi|Ahmad Abubakar Gumi]] * [[Wp/mrt/Isa Ali Pantami|Isa Ali Pantami]] * [[Wp/mrt/Ja'afar Mahmud Adam|Ja'afar Mahmud Adam]] * [[Wp/mrt/Ahmad Sulaiman Ibrahim|Ahmad Sulaiman Ibrahim]] * [[Wp/mrt/List of Imams in Nigeria|List of Imams in Nigeria]] ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q91194186}} 1a2xnozoqhno2xzwej293sgwj2p9103 0 3504299 6707231 6672680 2025-07-11T00:02:55Z Galdiz 2568250 6707231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q114110344}} '''Ishaq Sidi Ishaq''' ndgya <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3918013/bio</ref>Nigerian actor, director, film/theatre journalist, filmmaker,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2016/02/160226_kannywood_sidiishaq_weds</ref>producer, ba screenwriter najan pioneer or Hausa movie industry ni Nigeria.<ref>Daily Trust (7 March 2015). "My Journey As A Filmmaker – Ishaq Sidi Ishaq – Daily Trust". Daily Trust. Retrieved 23 September 2022.</ref> a zaban yir nji aga [[Wp/mrt/Kano State|Kano State]] Government's Senior Special Assistant an Executive Governor ni Kano State on Creative Industries or May 2021.<ref>https://www.stage32.com/profile/588357/about</ref><ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1418556-ganduje-ya-nada-daraktan-kannywood-ishaq-sidi-ishaq-mai-bashi-shawara.html</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q114110344}} sqrasu04v6zexpfy7ybrrbitcvblrn0 14 3504351 6707225 6323374 2025-07-10T21:33:21Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सृजन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सञ्ज्ञानात्मक मनोविज्ञान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तन्त्रिका मनोविज्ञान]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7216270}} f5aw5q3f0qbre1io362tzun91mert2p 14 3505192 6707093 6325796 2025-07-10T19:40:34Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित|अवधारणा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/क्षेत्रानुसार अवधारणा]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7145042}} dlaitqnpx5nh08a59cdpat49cf0lyus 0 3505266 6706887 6685358 2025-07-10T16:31:02Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q100717651}} '''Abdullahi Bala Lau''', kran jo sinbiyan yi ingya Sheikh Balalau ndgya Nigerian Islamic scholar, cleric, mufassir, ba preacher. najan national Chairman ni Jama'atu Izalatul Bidi'ah wa Ikamatus Sunnah, ndi dugalu ni Salafi movement or Nigeria, tun hya hya tan fa 2011. (Help to expand this article from [[w:en:Abdullahi Bala Lau| English wikipedia]] or [[w:ha:Abdullahi Bala Lau| Hausa wikipedia]]) <references /> <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201112161345.html</ref> ==Rayuwa== Balalau nji yanyi baji hau or Taraba State. == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == {{INTERWIKI|Q100717651}}<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201112161345.html</ref> [[Category:Wp/mrt]] ca6hnr4vqc7jtp7ne2unrcxbj11lbub 14 3506368 6707092 6328903 2025-07-10T19:40:30Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विज्ञानके दर्शन]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24192095}} 82s9eg5rklbt7nqcjhbvew1upb9vo0w 0 3512186 6706959 6698490 2025-07-10T17:22:31Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q107222976}} Ibrahim Tahir (ji tau hya kupou sudan 9, fa 2009) ndgya Nigerian sociologist, writerba jo ih siyasa pichir Republic ni mithu ba prominent member ni Kaduna Mafia. Baji vo siyasa, ndgya sociologist ndgya kra bra da jo sam sauni gargajiya. ==Rayuwa== ==nya biya== ==Work== The last Iman(1984) ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q107222976}} k8fmpz1860tizzhfhp0bphh5d9iie23 0 3512797 6706989 6686476 2025-07-10T17:35:34Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Politics */ 6706989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q25706252}} '''Mallam Sa'adu Zungur''' (hya 1914 – 28 hya hya tan fa 1958) ndgya Nigerian revolutionary, poet, jurist and nationalist ndra ih sau minagu Nigeria's independence movement particularly or Northern Nigeria. Naja nganjo thamau aga dunya njir siyasa in arewa or Nigeria. == Nyabiya kra blesar ba giga == ==Sra go tsammau == ==Siyasa== ===Political activities with Azikiwe=== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q25706252}} a97vebkpe4v03co94uby0ej593u2i3r 0 3512811 6706860 6639032 2025-07-10T14:49:26Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q4666120}} Abdullahi Adamu<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220221154925/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/buhari-rejoices-with-senator-abdullahi-adamu-at-75/. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 23 mudofhou 2021. Retrieved 21 hya sudan 2022.</ref> (nji yanyi 23 hya mudofhou fa 1946) is ndgya kra jo ih siyasa asa darja aga governor ni Nasarawa State in Nigeria hearo 29 tufo 1999 ando 29 tufo 2007. Member ngaja ba former national chairman kra vir rule Party All Progressives Congress (APC).<ref>https://punchng.com/young-reps-endorse-adamu-as-apc-chairman/''Punch Newspapers''. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March2022.</ref><ref>https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/07/16/reports-abdullahi-adamu-apc-national-chairman-quits/''PM News''. 17 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July2023.</ref> ==Habarir ndar mdu== Abdullahi Adamu a yanyir nji Keffi, Nasarawa State, or fa 23 July 1946. A irja Government Secondary School, Makurdi (1960–1962), the Government Technical College, Bukuru (1962–1965) ba Kaduna Polytechnic (1965–1968). A sharja avo Kaduna Polytechnic aga Higher National Diploma or June 1971. <br> (Help to expand this article from [[w:en:Abdullahi Adamu| English wikipedia]] or [[w:ha:Abdullahi Adamu| Hausa wikipedia]]) ==Early political career== ==Nasarawa Governor== ==Subsequent career== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4666120}} 7if8niz8d59g4ufyndrtr9pjxpjodrt 0 3514926 6706944 6698466 2025-07-10T17:16:38Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q20631258}} '''Esther Ibanga ''' (born 31 hya makur fa 1961) ndgya Nigerian pastor ba najan shili ingya "Women Without Walls Initiative". A uyar ja award 32nd Niwano a uyarja kyarta ni shil ingya nya gamu or panman ji pam- pamu group ba Adini or [[Wp/mrt/Jos|Jos]], [[Wp/mrt/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. ==Rayuwa== ==jiga== ==Work== ==Women Without Walls Initiative== == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150916155517/http://www.rk-world.org/news_archive_show.aspx?archiveid=1714</ref> [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q20631258}} ps0ggt7j2umu8mzacw8o982imafozxt 0 3522351 6706798 6412581 2025-07-10T12:00:14Z Arnold Mueha KABAMBA 2599983 6706798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dialektike''' (mu tshiena Greke: διαλεκτική, dialektik ; mu tshiena Allemagne: Dialektik), udi kabidi mumanyike bu mushindu wa dialektike, udi uleja ku ntuadijilu diyukidilangana pankatshi pa bantu badi ne mmuenenu mishilangane pa tshilumbu kampanda, kadi bajinga kufika ku bulelela ku diambuluisha dia ngenyi idibu bafila. Dialectic udi bu muyuki wa dikokangana, kadi tshiambilu etshi katshiena tshipetangana ne malu adi alonda bu mudi: dijinga dia kudiumvua ne mêyi a kuamba to. Tshiakatuadija mu nkindi ya kale ne tshiakatungunuka ne kudiunda mu bikondo bia kale. Diyukidilangana didi ne ntuadijilu wende mu tshilele tshia nshindamenu tshia diyukidilangana pankatshi pa bantu babidi badi ne mmuenenu mishilangane, yonso ukeba kufikisha mukuabu ku ditaba. Mudimu wa diyukidilangana ne diyukidilangana, udi mushilangane ne rétorique (udi utangila bikole mishindu ya diyukidilangana ku diambuluisha dia dibala dia bantu badimu bishilangane), bualu udi muangatshibue bu mushindu wa kukeba dimanya ku diambuluisha dia dikonkonona dia malu mashilangane anyi mene adi kaayi umvuangana. [[Category:Wp/lua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9453}} dupqee961a3k7na0t527bkjyydhhnz5 6706800 6706798 2025-07-10T12:01:43Z Arnold Mueha KABAMBA 2599983 6706800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dialektike''' (mu tshiena Greke: διαλεκτική, dialektik ; mu tshiena Allemagne: Dialektik), udi kabidi mumanyike bu mushindu wa dialektike, udi uleja ku ntuadijilu diyukidilangana pankatshi pa bantu badi ne mmuenenu mishilangane pa tshilumbu kampanda, kadi bajinga kufika ku bulelela ku diambuluisha dia ngenyi idibu bafila. Dialectic udi bu muyuki wa dikokangana, kadi tshiambilu etshi katshiena tshipetangana ne malu adi alonda bu mudi: dijinga dia kudiumvua ne mêyi a kuamba to. Tshiakatuadija mu nkindi ya kale ne tshiakatungunuka ne kudiunda mu bikondo bia kale. Diyukidilangana didi ne ntuadijilu wende mu tshilele tshia nshindamenu tshia diyukidilangana pankatshi pa bantu babidi badi ne mmuenenu mishilangane, yonso ukeba kufikisha mukuabu ku ditaba. Mudimu wa diyukidilangana ne diyukidilangana, udi mushilangane ne rétorique (udi utangila bikole mishindu ya diyukidilangana ku diambuluisha dia dibala dia bantu badimu bishilangane), bualu udi muangatshibue bu mushindu wa kukeba dimanya ku diambuluisha dia dikonkonona dia malu mashilangane anyi mene adi kaayi umvuangana. Georg Hegel udi uleja dishilangana[3]. Bualu ebu, dialektike didi dibengangana ne mushindu mukuabu wa diandamuna, didi mua kuikala tshienzedi tshia lungenyi mu malanda ne muoyo: dîba adi udi ne bua kuikala ne lungenyi lua munkatshi mua masungula, ludi ne mushinga wa bungi mu dikokangana ne mu dilengejangana. Nansha mudi dialectique hégélienne muikale tshintu tshia mushinga mukole tshia meji, tshidi tshitangila diluisha dia tshienzedi tshia malu a Marx, bua dibengangana dia malu a nsombelu ne a mpetu a moteur wa malu a kale. Bungi bua bayidi ba Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, l'École de Francfort, Sartre, anyi encore wa mufundi wa tshiena-Breton, katuena ne mushindu muimpe wa dialektike wa tshienzedi tshia bulelela to. Adorno reverse the principe of functionnement of la methode filosophique initial présentée par Hegel dans une fois dialectique négative. [[Category:Wp/lua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9453}} d08q9r6whxb7sjtf1olsntheeteurvt 0 3536750 6706993 6695640 2025-07-10T17:38:16Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Politics */ 6706993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q105846448}} '''Yusuf Babangida Suleiman''', kra nji ndiya ingya sinbiya ingya Yusuf Dawo-dawo, ndgya kra jo ih [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian|Nigerian]] siyasa ba lawmaker hearo [[Wp/mrt/Kano State|Kano State]] member of the 7th, 8th and 9th [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]]<ref>https://dailytrust.com/<nowiki/>Daily Trust. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref><ref>https://dailynigerian.com/kwankwaso-may-endorse-son-in-law-abba-yusuf-for-kano-pdp-governorship-ticket/<nowiki/>Daily Nigerian. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== Yusuf nji yanyi 28 hya April fa 1976 or [[Wp/mrt/Gwale Local Government Area|Gwale Local Government Area]] ni Kano State a irja Kurmawa Primary School or pama 1983 ingya 1989, baji dzugwa ih Government Secondary School Warure baji dzugwa ma’i ando Aminu Kano Commercial College or pama 1992 ingya 1995. A irja [[Wp/mrt/Bayero University|Bayero University]], Kano, [[Wp/mrt/York St John University|York St John University]], ba [[Wp/mrt/University of California|University of California]], Yusuf a irja Advance Diploma in Computer Science at Informatic [[Wp/mrt/Kazaure|Kazaure]]. [[Wp/mrt/Jigawa State|Jigawa State]]. ==Siyasa== A zabar nji Yusuf aga member ni Kano house of assembly or fa 2011 or zabe ni nigeria baji siya vir ngyani andiya zabe muthu hearo 2015 ingya 2019, ba kijakau Jo vir ih ni makur kuranni. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q105846448}} c0e1jl28hf99z3ajnf521gefs8nv6f2 0 3543032 6706857 6473059 2025-07-10T14:31:32Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6706857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''10 تموز''' هو يوم من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/التقويم الغريغوري|بالتقويم الغريغوري]]، و هو اليوم الـ 191 من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/سنة بسيطة|بالسنة البسيطة]] و 192 [[Wp/apc/سنة كبيسة|بالسنة الكبيسة]]. == أحداث == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز}} == مواليد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == وفيات == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مناسبات و أعياد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مصادر == {{Wp/apc/Reflist}} {{Wp/apc/ExtraReferences |qid=Q2689 }} == روابط برانيه == {{Wp/apc/ExternalLinks |qid=Q2689 }} {{Wp/apc/SisterProjects |qid=Q2689 }} {{Wp/apc/YearDaysAndMonths}} {{Wp/apc/Authority Control |qid=Q2689 }} {{INTERWIKI|Q2689}} [[Category:Wp/apc/أيام السنة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] 78s6hfidj0pacicvp9n4ik8ts5546vj 0 3543993 6706843 6474187 2025-07-10T14:28:11Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6706843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''9 تموز''' هو يوم من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/التقويم الغريغوري|بالتقويم الغريغوري]]، و هو اليوم الـ 190 من أيام السنة [[Wp/apc/سنة بسيطة|بالسنة البسيطة]] و 191 [[Wp/apc/سنة كبيسة|بالسنة الكبيسة]]. == أحداث == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز}} == مواليد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == وفيات == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مناسبات و أعياد == {{Wp/apc/EmptySection}} == مصادر == {{Wp/apc/Reflist}} {{Wp/apc/ExtraReferences |qid=Q2690 }} == روابط برانيه == {{Wp/apc/ExternalLinks |qid=Q2690 }} {{Wp/apc/SisterProjects |qid=Q2690 }} {{Wp/apc/YearDaysAndMonths}} {{Wp/apc/Authority Control |qid=Q2690 }} {{INTERWIKI|Q2690}} [[Category:Wp/apc/أيام السنة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] j19ptcazxbv245zh7a6y8ijmrfqakwz 0 3545674 6707291 6701927 2025-07-11T04:46:35Z CommonsDelinker 992 Removing "Rashtriya_Lok_Dal_Flag_new.jpg", it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 3 July 2025. 6707291 wikitext text/x-wiki భారత్ దేశ్ నగ వెల్లె పార్టీ న వ్యవస్థ మంత.భారత్ ఎన్నికల్క్ న సంఘం (ECI) జాతీయ స్థాయి , రాజ్య్ త స్దాయి రాజ్ నీతి తంగ్ పార్టీ నుంగ్ ఆబ్జెక్టివ్క్ న హిసొబ్ నే వొడ్కి కీంత.వొడ్కె మాత రాజ్ నీతీ త పార్టీ రిజర్వ్ కీత పార్టీ చిహ్న్ ,సర్కార్ టెలివిజన్, రేడియో తగ ఉదార్ ప్రసార్ త యేల, ఎన్నికల్క్ నంగ్ తారిఖ్ , ఎన్నికల్క్ నంగ్ కానున్క్ సీయ్వడా జిమ్మెదారి యెతంత.స్దానిక్,రాజ్య్ అని జాతీయ స్థాయి తగ ఎన్నికల్క్ నగ పోటి కీకొమ్ ఇన్వలిర్ దుశ్రొక్ పార్టీ నల్ భారత్ ఎన్నికల్క్ న సంఘం తల్ పొరొల్ వాటుసి మందాన.లోక్ సభ సిలెతె రాజ్య్ శాసనసభ ఎన్నికల్క్ ఆత పజా తనంగ్ ప్రమాణ్క్ పియ్సి రిజిస్టర్ కీతంగ్ పార్టీంగ్ ECI తున్ హిందల్ వోడ్కి మాత పజా జాతీయ పార్టీ సిలెతె రాజ్య్ త పార్టీ ఇంజెర్ అప్ గ్రేడ్ కీంతంగ్.వొడ్కి ఆర్తంగ్ పార్టీన హలతున్ ECI సూడంతా.భారత్ ఎన్నికల్క్ న సంఘం తల్ 2021 సెప్టెంబర్ 23 తా పూన సమాచార్ తున్ పియ్సి, 8 జాతీయ పార్టీంగ్,54 రాజ్య్ తంగ్ పార్టీంగ్,2796 వొడ్కి సిల్లెంగ్ అవ్ పార్టీనుంగ్ పియ్సి పూర పార్టీ నా లెక్క 2858 మంతా.ఎన్నికల్క్ నగ పోటి కీకొమ్ ఇన్వలిక్ సందియ్ పార్టీంగ్ EC సియ్వల్ వొడ్కి త చిహ్నా్ (బొమ్మ ) తున్ అగటల్ ఆచాన .ఇచ్చుంగ్సి షర్తినె రాష్ట్రపతి పాలన వాట్వేక్ సొత్తెక్ జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్, రాజధాని ఢిల్లీ, పుదుచ్చేరి కేంద్ర పాలిత జాగాన్ తర్సొ దేశ్ నగ పూర 28 రాజ్య్క్ సర్కార్ కున్ ఆచ్తంగ్. == దుశ్రొక్ పార్టీంగ్ == * గూర్ఖా రాష్ట్రీయ కాంగ్రెస్ * పార్టీ ఆఫ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ సోషలిజం (ఇండియా) * గోండ్వానా గణతంత్ర పార్టీ * రాష్ట్రీయ జనసాచేతన్ పార్టీ * శ్రామిక్ సంగ్రామ్ కమిటీ * అంబేద్కర్ సమాజ్ పార్టీ * రాష్ట్రవాది కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ * తెలంగాణ బొగ్గు గని కార్మిక సంఘం * గ్రెగొరీ పెక్ * కారీ గ్రాంట్ * సిక్కిం యునైటెడ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ అలయన్స్ * రిజర్వేషన్ విరోధి దళ్ * రాష్ట్రీయ రక్షా దళ్ * జనరల్ సమాజ్ పార్టీ * దళిత కిసాన్ దళ్ * భారతి లోక్ లెహర్ పార్టీ * బహుజన్ సమాజ్ పార్టీ (కైంత్) * విదర్భ జనతా కాంగ్రెస్ * శ్రామిక్ ముక్తి దళ్ * రాష్ట్రీయ మహాస్వరాజ్ భూమి పార్టీ * భారతీయ కర్మ సేన * కొడవ నేషనల్ కౌన్సిల్ * ఆరక్షన్ విరోధి పార్టీ * ఆల్ ఇండియా ట్రైబ్స్ అండ్ మైనారిటీస్ ఫ్రంట్ * బుందేల్‌ఖండ్ ముక్తి మోర్చా * బీహార్ వికాస్ పార్టీ * భారతీయ మైనారిటీల సురక్ష మహాసంఘ్ * క్రాంతికారి మనువాదీ మోర్చా * దూరదర్శి పార్టీ * డెమోక్రటిక్ భారతీయ సమాజ్ పార్టీ * హర్యానా రిపబ్లికన్ పార్టీ * అంబేద్కర్ మక్కల్ ఇయక్కం * ఛోటానాగ్‌పూర్ పీఠభూమి ప్రజా పరిషత్ * విదర్భ రాజ్య నిర్మాణ్ కాంగ్రెస్ * నిఖిల్ బంగా నాగరిక్ సంఘ * కేరళ పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ * కన్నడ చలవలి వాటల్ పక్ష * రాష్ట్రీయ దళ్ * ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్ వికాస్ పార్టీ * ఇండియన్ జస్టిస్ పార్టీ * కొంగునాడు మక్కల్ కచ్చి * అనైతింథియా తమిళం మున్నేట్ర కజగం * సెహజ్‌ధారి సిక్కు పార్టీ * గరీబ్ జనతా దళ్ (సెక్యులార్) * తమిళనాడు తెలుగు మక్కల్ కచ్చి * సర్వజన్ కల్యాణ్ లోక్‌తాంత్రిక్ పార్టీ * పీపుల్స్ గార్డియన్ పార్టీ * పంజాబ్ సోషలిస్ట్ పార్టీ * కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ ఆఫ్ భారత్ * కేరళ జనపక్షమ్ * సింధ్ యునైటెడ్ పార్టీ * సింధ్ ఆజాద్ పార్టీ * జాతీయ రాజకీయ సదస్సు * జార్ఖండ్ అనుశీలన్ పార్టీ * ఇంటర్నేషనలిస్ట్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ * ఆజాద్ హింద్ కాంగ్రెస్ * డెమోక్రటిక్ సెక్యులర్ పార్టీ * రాష్ట్రవాది శివసేన * జాతీయ యూనియనిస్ట్ జమీందారా పార్టీ * యునైటెడ్ షెడ్యూల్డ్ కాస్ట్స్ ఫెడరేషన్ * తమిళనాడు కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ * తమిళనాడు పీపుల్ ఫ్రంట్ * ట్రావెన్‌కోర్ కొచ్చిన్ రిపబ్లికన్ ప్రజా పార్టీ * ఆమా ఒడిశా పార్టీ * ఒడిశా జన్ మోర్చా * భారతీయ అవామ్ పార్టీ * మహారాష్ట్ర స్వరాజ్ పార్టీ * జాకోబిన్ క్లబ్ ఆఫ్ మైసూర్ * యునైటెడ్ అకాలీదళ్ * డెమోక్రటిక్ స్వరాజ్య పార్టీ * తెలుగు నాడు స్టూడెంట్స్ ఫెడరేషన్ * జన్ శక్తి పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా * దళిత షోషిత్ సమాజ్ సంఘర్ష్ సమితి * బహుజన్ రిపబ్లికన్ ఏక్తా మంచ్ * యునైటెడ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్ (మిజోరం) * పరమ్ దిగ్విజయ్ దళ్ * అంజుమాన్-ఇ-ఇత్తెహాద్-ఇ-బలూచాన్-వా-బలూచిస్తాన్ * కేరళ వికాస్ కాంగ్రెస్ * హిందూ సేన * ఇండియన్ గాంధీయన్ పార్టీ * హిమాచల్ లోక్‌హిత్ పార్టీ * బెంగాల్ ప్రావిన్షియల్ ముస్లిం లీగ్ * ఆల్ ఇండియా హిందుస్థాన్ కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ * ఆల్ ఇండియా మహిళా ఎంపవర్‌మెంట్ పార్టీ * కొచ్చి రాజ్య ప్రజామండలం * అంజుమాన్-ఇ-వతన్ బలూచిస్తాన్ * జన ఆందోళన్ పార్టీ * ప్రజాశాంతి పార్టీ * ఖాసీ జయంతియా ఫెడరేటెడ్ స్టేట్ నేషనల్ కాన్ఫరెన్స్ * అఖిల భారత ఐక్య కిసాన్ సభ * బెంగళూరు నవనిర్మాణ పార్టీ * రాష్ట్రీయ జన్ జన్ పార్టీ * ఆల్ పార్టీస్ కాన్ఫరెన్స్ * లడఖ్ ప్రాదేశిక కాంగ్రెస్ కమిటీ * యునైటెడ్ ఫ్రంట్ ఆఫ్ లెఫ్టిస్ట్స్ * భారతీయ జాతీయ జనతా దళ్ * జాగో-జగ్ ఆస్రా గురు ఓట్ (జతేదార్ సంతోఖ్ సింగ్ జీ) * రివల్యూషనరీ కమ్యూనిస్ట్ కౌన్సిల్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా * ప్లూరల్స్ పార్టీ * మహారాష్ట్ర ప్రదేశ్ యూత్ కాంగ్రెస్ * ట్రావెన్‌కోర్ స్టేట్ కాంగ్రెస్ * భాజ్పా కీ బాత్ * భాగీదారీ పరివర్తన్ మోర్చా * అస్సాం వ్యాలీ పార్టీ * లోక్‌తాంత్రిక్ మోర్చా (రాజస్థాన్) * ఛత్ర యువ సంఘర్ష్ సమితి * జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్ ఇత్తిహాదుల్ ముస్లిమీన్ * కర్ణాటక రాష్ట్ర సమితి * సమాజ్ వాదీ కూటమి * అఖిల భారత రాజకులథోర్ పెరవై * సామాజిక్ న్యాయ్ మంచ్ * ముస్లిం మహిళల లీగ్ * ఆజాద్ అధికార్ సేన * స్వరాజ్ ఇండియా * పురచ్చి భారతం కచ్చి * దళిత లీగ్ * భారత్ ఆదివాసీ పార్టీ == జాతీయ పార్టీంగ్ == నమెద్ కీత పార్టీ తున్ హిగె బూడ్ సీత లిస్ట్ నంగ్ షర్తి నగ బదెమని కీతెకెనె జాతీయ పార్టీ ఇంజెర్ పొరొల్ వాంత : * కంసెకం మూంద్ రాష్ట్రల్క్ నల్ లోక్ సభతగ 2 % సీట్క్ మయనా * లోక్ సభ సిలెతె శాసన్ సభ తగ ఆయ్వలిక్ ఎన్నికల్క్ నగ, పార్టీ బదెమని నాలుంగ్ సిలెతె తన్గాటల్ వెల్లె రాష్ట్రాల్క్ నంగ్ 6% ఓట్క్ పోల్ కీయనా.అదిక్ నె అద్ నాలుంగ్ జాగంగ్ మయాన. * అద్ పార్టీ తున్ నాలుంగ్ రాజ్య్క్ నగ రాజ్ పార్టీ తా వొడ్కి అర్సి మందాన. * {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ 8 వొడ్కి ఆర్తంగ్ జాతీయ పార్టీంగ్<ref name="ECI23092021" /> |- ! colspan="2" class="unsortable" | పార్టీ ! జెండా ! అబ్రివేషన్ !అలయన్స్ ! రాజ్ నీతి<br/>స్థాన్ ! తెన్ లాసి ! రంచికీత !జాతీయ హోదా సీతెర్ ! అధ్యక్షల్ (లు) ! class=unsortable|ఎన్నికల్క్<br/>చిహ్న్ |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/అఖిల భారత తృణమూల్ కాంగ్రెస్|అఖిల భారత తృణమూల్ కాంగ్రెస్]]<small><br/></small> | [[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag (2).svg|border|100x100px]] | ఎఐటిసి |'''-''' | [[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సెక్యులరిజం|సెక్యులరిజం]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/ప్రోగ్రెసివిజం|ప్రోగ్రెసివిజం]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1998|01|01}} | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|2016|09|02}} |[[Wp/wsg/మమతా బెనర్జీ|మమతా బెనర్జీ]] <br/> (ఛైర్‌పర్సన్) | [[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol 2021.svg|50px|center]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/బహుజన్ సమాజ్ పార్టీ|బహుజన్ సమాజ్ పార్టీ]]<br/> | [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|border|100x100px]] | బిఎస్పీ |'''-''' | [[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజ్ సందిర్ ఉంది|సామాజ్ సందిర్ ఉంది]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/సామాజ్ నా రీతి|సామాజ్ నా రీతి]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/లౌకికవాదం|లౌకికవాదం]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/మాన్ ద డెయ్|మాన్]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/మానవ హక్కుల్క్|మానవ హక్కుల్క్]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1984|04|14}} | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|2013|01|26}}<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/bsp-gets-national-party-status-janata-party-derecognised-197112601104_1.html |title=Bsp Gets National Party Status, Janata Party Derecognised |publisher=Business Standard |date= 27 January 2013 |access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref> |[[Wp/wsg/మాయావతి|మాయావతి]] <br/> (అధ్యక్షల్) | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px|center]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ|భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ]]<small> | [[File:BJP Flag.svg|border|100x100px]] | బీజేపీ |'''ఎన్డిఎ''' | [[Wp/wsg/రైట్-వింగ్ రాజకీయాల్క్|రైట్-వింగ్]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-18352532|title=Viewpoint: Narendra Modi makes his move|publisher=BBC News|date= 13 June 2012 |access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref> |[[Wp/wsg/హిందుత్వ|హిందుత్వ]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/జాతీయత వడ్కవల్|జాతీయత వడ్కవల్]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/భారతదేశ్ న రీతిరివాజ్|రితి రివాజ్]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక సంప్రదాయవాదం|సామాజిక సంప్రదాయవాదం]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1980|04|06}} | | [[Wp/wsg/జగత్ ప్రకాష్ నడ్డా|జగత్ ప్రకాష్ నడ్డా]] <br/> (అధ్యక్షల్) | [[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|center|60px]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|Communist Party of India}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా|కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా]] | [[File:CPI-banner.svg|100x100px]] |సిపిఐ |'''ఎల్‌డిఎఫ్''' |[[Wp/wsg/వెల్లె-డెమడి రాజకీయాల్క్|వెల్లె-డెమడి]] |[[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిజం|కమ్యూనిజం]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1925|12|26}} | |[[Wp/wsg/డి. రాజా|డి. రాజా]] <br/> (ప్రధాన కార్యదర్శి) | [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px|center]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా (మార్కిస్టు)|కమ్యూనిస్టు పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా (మార్కిస్టు)]] | [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|100x100px]] |సీపీఐ (ఎం) |'''ఎల్‌డిఎఫ్''' |[[Wp/wsg/వెల్లె-డెమడి రాజకీయాల్క్|వెల్లె-డెమడి]] |[[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిజం|కమ్యూనిజం]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/మార్క్సిజం-లెనినిజం|మార్క్సిజం-లెనినిజం]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1964|11|07}} | | [[Wp/wsg/సీతారాం ఏచూరి|సీతారాం ఏచూరి]] <br/> (ప్రధాన కార్యదర్శి) | [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|center|50px]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|Indian National Congress}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్|భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్]] | [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|100x100px]] |కాంగ్రెస్ |'''యు.పి.ఎ''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]]<ref name="BBC News">{{Wp/wsg/Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61891133|title=Maharashtra: The political crisis brewing in India's richest state|publisher=BBC News|date= 23 June 2022 |access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref> |[[Wp/wsg/పెద్ద డేరా|పెద్ద డేరా]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/పౌర జాతీయవాది|పౌర జాతీయవాది]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ఉదారవాదం|సామాజిక ఉదారవాదం]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/లౌకికవాది|లౌకికవాది]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1885|12|28}} | | [[Wp/wsg/సోనియా గాంధీ|సోనియా గాంధీ]] <br/> (అధ్యక్షల్) | [[File:Hand INC.svg|center|50px]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/నేషనలిస్ట్ కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ|నేషనలిస్ట్ కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ]] | [[File:Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg|100x100px]] |ఎన్సీపీ |'''యు.పి.ఎ''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]]<ref name="BBC News"/> |[[Wp/wsg/ఉదారవాదం|ఉదారవాదం]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/గాంధిజం|గాంధిజం]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1999|06|10}} | | [[Wp/wsg/శరద్ పవార్|శరద్ పవార్]] <br/> (అధ్యక్షల్) | [[File:Nationalist_Congress_Party_Election_Symbol.png|center|50px]] |- ! style="background-color: {{Wp/wsg/Party color|National People's Party (India)}}" | | [[Wp/wsg/నేషనల్ పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ|నేషనల్ పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ]] | [[File:NPP Flag.jpg|99x99px]] |ఎన్ పి పి |'''ఎన్డిఎ''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయత (రాజకీయల్క్)|ప్రాంతీయత వడ్కవల్]]<br/>[[Wp/wsg/ఎత్నోసెంట్రిజం|ఎత్నోసెంట్రిజం]] | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|2013|01|06}} | {{Wp/wsg/Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|2019|06|07}} | [[Wp/wsg/కొన్రాడ్ సంగ్మా|కొన్రాడ్ సంగ్మా]] <br/> (అధ్యక్షుడు) | [[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg|center|50px]] |} [[Category:Wp/wsg]] == ప్రాంతీయ పార్టీంగ్ == ఉంది పార్టీ రాజ్య్ త పార్టీ ఇంజెర్ వొడ్కెమయన్ సాటి బూడ్నంగ్ బదెమని కీసి మందాన : 1. రాజ్య్ శాసనసభ తున్ అయ్వలిక్ ఎన్నికల్క్ నగ పోల్ ఆతంగ్ ఓట్క్ నగ కం నల్ కమ్మి 6% ఓట్క్ వాసి మందాన. 2.లోక్ సభ తగ కం సె కం 1 సీట్ మయ్సి మందాన. 3.ఉంది పార్టీ పూర సీట్క్ నగ కంసెకం 3% సిలెతె శాసనసభ తగ ముంద్ సీట్క్ మయన , 4.ఉంది పార్టీ లోక్ సభతగ హర్ 25 స్దాన్కున్ కంసెకం ఉంది సీట్ సిలెతె అద్ రాజ్య్ తున్ సీత హిస్స తగ బద్ తెర్ హిస్స తున్ మయన 5.ప్రమాణ్ తున్ పియ్సి , రాజ్య్ తగ వాతంగ్ చిల్కె ఒట్క్ నగ 8% సిలెతె తన్గాటల్ వెల్లె మత్తెక్ అద్ రాజ్య్ త పార్టీ ఇంజెర్ ECI వొడ్కి కీంత {| class="wikitable sortable" |+54 వొడ్కి అర్తంగ్ రాజ్య్ తంగ్ పార్టీంగ్<ref name="ECI230920212" /> ! ! colspan="2" class="unsortable" |పార్టీ !పార్టీత జెండా !తాన్ బారెతె !మీరి !రాజకీయల్క్ స్థాన్ !సాటి !రంచి కీత ! అధ్యక్షల్ (లు) !రాజ్య్ తగ వొడ్కి ! class="unsortable" |Election చిహ్న్ |- | rowspan="3" |'''3 రాజ్య్క్రా నగ రాష్ట్ర పార్టీ''' | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఆమ్ ఆద్మీ పార్టీ|ఆమ్ ఆద్మీ పార్టీ]] |[[File:Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg|border|100x100px]] |AAP |'''-''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] తల్ [[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ఆర్థిక జాతీయవాదం|ఆర్థిక జాతీయవాదం]]<ref name="London School of Economics">{{Wp/wsg/Citation|title=The populist politics of the Aam Aadmi Party|publisher=[[Wp/wsg/London School of Economics|London School of Economics]]|url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2014/01/15/the-populist-politics-of-the-aam-aadmi-party|first1=Mitali|last1=Nikore|date=15 January 2014|access-date=30 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080821/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2014/01/15/the-populist-politics-of-the-aam-aadmi-party/|archive-date=1 December 2016}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/సెక్యులరిజం|సెక్యులరిజం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/aaps-vision-of-secularism-big-on-intention-weak-on-substance-1444157.html/amp|title=AAP's vision of secularism: Big on intention, weak on substance - Politics News, Firstpost|date=21 March 2014}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/జాతీయవాదం|జాతీయవాదం]]<ref>* {{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/opinion/aaps-ideological-dilemma-and-tryst-with-tricolour-nationalism/|title=AAP's ideological dilemma and tryst with tricolour nationalism|date=12 March 2021|access-date=17 May 2021}} * {{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/delhi-budget-explained-arvind-kejriwal-deshbhakti-7221315/|title=Delhi Budget explained: Deshbhakti with 500 national flags, benefits for women and vision 2047|date=10 March 2021|access-date=17 May 2021}} * {{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi-ncr/arvind-kejriwal-says-hardcore-patriotism-honesty-and-humanity-are-three-pillars-of-aap-ideology-4161665.html|title=अरविंद केजरीवाल ने इन 3 को बताया AAP की विचारधारा|date=30 March 2022|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/దేశభక్తి|దేశభక్తి]]<ref name="economictimes-29Mar22">{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/extreme-patriotism-honesty-and-humanism-three-pillars-of-aap-claims-kejriwal/articleshow/90526529.cms|work=[[Wp/wsg/The Economic Times|The Economic Times]]|date=29 March 2022|title=Extreme-Patriotism, Honesty and Humanism-three pillars of AAP, claims Kejriwal}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/మానవతావాదం|మానవతావాదం]]<ref name="economictimes-29Mar22" /> |2012 |[[Wp/wsg/అరవింద్ కేజ్రివాల్|అరవింద్ కేజ్రివాల్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ఢిల్లీ|ఢిల్లీ]] [[Wp/wsg/పంజాబ్|పంజాబ్]] [[Wp/wsg/గోవా|గోవా]] |[[File:AAP_Symbol.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జనతాదళ్ (సెక్యులర్)|జనతాదళ్ (సెక్యులర్)]] | |JD (S) |'''-''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]]<ref name="elections.inb">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-secular.html|title=Janata Dal (Secular) JD(S)|work=elections.in|access-date=3 September 2021|archive-date=3 సెప్టెంబరు 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903044919/https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-secular.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/సెక్యులరిజం|సెక్యులరిజం]]<ref name="elections.inb" /> |1999 |[[Wp/wsg/హెచ్.డి.దేవెగౌడ|హెచ్.డి.దేవెగౌడ]] |[[Wp/wsg/అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్|అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్]] [[Wp/wsg/కర్ణాటక|కర్ణాటక]] [[Wp/wsg/కేరళ|కేరళ]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జనతాదళ్ (యునైటెడ్)|జనతాదళ్ (యునైటెడ్)]] |[[File:Janata_Dal_(United)_Flag.svg|border|100x100px]] |JD (U) |'''UPA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సోషలిజం|సోషలిజం]]<ref name="LS2014b">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|work=[[Wp/wsg/Daily News and Analysis|Daily News and Analysis]]|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-know-your-party-symbols-1974606|date=10 April 2014}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/సెక్యులరిజం|సెక్యులరిజం]]<ref name="LS2014b" /> [[Wp/wsg/ఇంటిగ్రల్ హ్యూమనిజం (ఇండియా)|సమగ్ర హ్యూమనిజం]]<ref name="elections.inc">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|author=About Janta Dal United (JDU)|url=http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-united.html|title=Janta Dal United (JD(U)) – Party History, Symbol, Founders, Election Results and News|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=12 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301125016/http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-united.html|archive-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> |2003 |[[Wp/wsg/నితీష్ కుమార్|నితీష్ కుమార్]] |[[Wp/wsg/అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్|అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్]] [[Wp/wsg/బీహార్|బీహార్]] [[Wp/wsg/మణిపూర్|మణిపూర్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Arrow.svg|50x50px]] |- | rowspan="6" |'''2 రాజ్యతగ రాజ్య పార్టీ''' | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఆల్ ఇండియా అన్నా ద్రవిడ మున్నేట్ర కజగం|ఆల్ ఇండియా అన్నా ద్రవిడ మున్నేట్ర కజగం]] |[[File:AIADMK_OfficialFlag_Vector.svg|border|100x100px]] |AIADMK |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] నుండి [[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ద్రావిడ పార్టీలు|ద్రావిడనిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]] |1972 |[[Wp/wsg/ఎడపడి కె. పలనిసామి|ఎడపడి కె. పలనిసామి]] <small> (ప్రధాన కార్యదర్శి)</small> |[[Wp/wsg/తమిళనాడు|తమిళనాడు]] [[Wp/wsg/పుదుచ్చేరి|పుదుచ్చేరి]] |[[File:Indian_election_symbol_two_leaves.svg|50x50px|Two Leaves]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ద్రవిడ మున్నేట్ర కజగం (డీఎంకే)|ద్రవిడ మున్నేట్ర కజగం]] |[[File:Flag_DMK.svg|100x100px]] |DMK |'''UPA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |{{Wp/wsg/Nowrap|[[Wp/wsg/Social democracy|Social democracy]]<ref name="dmk1"/><br/>[[Wp/wsg/ద్రావిడ పార్టీలు|ద్రావిడనిజం]]{{Wp/wsg/Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br/>[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక న్యాయం|సామాజిక న్యాయం]]<ref name="dmk1">{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-from-health-care-to-community-living-his-schemes-were-aimed-at-social-equality/article24548812.ece|title=M. Karunanidhi: From health care to community living, his schemes were aimed at social equality|last=Kannan|first=Ramya|date=8 August 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 August 2019|issn=0971-751X}} * {{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/karunanidhi-the-social-reformer-who-changed-the-landcape-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1837827.html|title=Social Equality was Karunanidhi's Focus During Five Terms as Tamil Nadu CM|website=News18|date=11 March 2019|access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref><br />[[Wp/wsg/ఫెడరలిజం|ఫెడరలిజం]]}} |1949 |[[Wp/wsg/ఎం. కె. స్టాలిన్|ఎం. కె. స్టాలిన్]] <small> (అధ్యక్షల్)</small> |[[Wp/wsg/తమిళనాడు|తమిళనాడు]] [[Wp/wsg/పుదుచ్చేరి|పుదుచ్చేరి]] |[[File:Indian_election_symbol_rising_sun.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Naga People's Front}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/నాగా పీపుల్స్ ఫ్రంట్|నాగా పీపుల్స్ ఫ్రంట్]] |[[File:Flag_of_the_Naga_People's_Front.png|101x101px]] |NPF |'''NDA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాద్ (రాజకీయల్క్)|ప్రాంతీయవాద్]] |2002 |[[Wp/wsg/టి.ఆర్. జెలియాంగ్|టి. ఆర్. జెలియాంగ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/మణిపూర్|మణిపూర్]] [[Wp/wsg/నాగాలాండ్|నాగాలాండ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Cock.png|64x64px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/రాష్ట్రీయ జనతా దళ్|రాష్ట్రీయ జనతా దళ్]] |[[File:RJD_Flag.svg|100x100px]] |RJD |'''UPA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సోషలిజం|సోషలిజం]] |1997 |[[Wp/wsg/లాలూ ప్రసాద్ యాదవ్|లాలూ ప్రసాద్ యాదవ్]] [[Wp/wsg/తేజస్వి యాదవ్|తేజస్వి యాదవ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/Bihar|Bihar]] [[Wp/wsg/Jharkhand|Jharkhand]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hurricane_Lamp.png|71x71px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/రివల్యూషనరీ సోషలిస్ట్ పార్టీ (ఇండియా)|రివల్యూషనరీ సోషలిస్ట్ పార్టీ]] |[[File:RSP-flag.svg|100x100px]] |RSP |'''UPA''' |[[Wp/wsg/అతి-ఎడమ రాజకీయాలు|చాలా-ఎడమ]] |[[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిజం|కమ్యూనిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/మార్క్సిజం-లెనినిజం|మార్క్సిజం-లెనినిజం]]<ref name="Chakrabarty2014">{{Wp/wsg/Cite book|author=Bidyut Chakrabarty|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997489-4|page=61}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/విప్లవాత్మక సోషలిజం|విప్లవాత్మక సోషలిజం]] |1940 |మనోజ్ భట్టాచార్య<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|title=Indian citizenship act against humanity: Manoj Bhattacharya|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/indian-citizenship-act-against-humanity-manoj-bhattacharya|website=prothomalo.com}}</ref> |[[Wp/wsg/కేరళ|కేరళ]] [[Wp/wsg/పశ్చిమ బెంగాల్|పశ్చిమ బెంగాల్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Spade_and_Stoker.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/తెలుగు దేశం పార్టీ|తెలుగు దేశం పార్టీ]] |[[File:TDPFlag.PNG|100x100px]] |TDP | - |[[Wp/wsg/కేంద్ర రాజకీయాలు|కేంద్రం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Editors-Desk/2017-05-27/Tumultuous-transition/302688|title=Tumultuous transition|date=27 May 2017}}</ref> |[[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]]<ref name="Britannica">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Telugu-Desam-Party|title=Telugu Desam Party (TDP) &#124; Britannica|date=5 ఆగ, 2024|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref><ref name="elections.ine">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|title=Telugu Desam Party (TDP)|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/telugu-desam.html|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-date=9 సెప్టెంబరు 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909213230/https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/telugu-desam.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/ఆర్థిక ఉదారవాదం|ఆర్థిక ఉదారవాదం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite journal|last1=Price|first1=Pamela|last2=Srinivas|first2=Dusi|editor1-first=Anastasia|editor1-last=Piliavsky|date=August 2014|title=Patronage and autonomy in India's deepening democracy|journal=Cambridge University Press|pages=217–236|doi=10.1017/CBO9781107296930.011|isbn=9781107296930}}</ref> |1982 |[[Wp/wsg/నారా చంద్రబాబునాయుడు|ఎన్. చంద్రబాబు నాయుడు]] |[[Wp/wsg/ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్|ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్]] [[Wp/wsg/తెలంగాణ|తెలంగాణ]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png|50x50px]] |- | rowspan="44" |'''1 రాజ్యతగ రాజ్య పార్టీ''' | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|YSR Congress Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/యువజన శ్రామిక రైతు కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ|యువజన శ్రామిక రైతు కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీ]] | |YSRCP | - | |[[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]]<ref name="Britannica" /><ref name="elections.ine" />[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయల్క్)|ప్రాంతీయవాద్]] |2011 |[[Wp/wsg/వై.ఎస్. జగన్మోహన్ రెడ్డి|వై. ఎస్. జగన్ మోహన్ రెడ్డి]] |[[Wp/wsg/ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్|ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ceiling_Fan.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్ర సమితి|తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్ర సమితి]] |[[File:TRS_Flag.svg|100x100px]] |TRS | - |{{Wp/wsg/Nowrap|[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.epw.in/tags/trs|title=TRS &#124; Economic and Political Weekly|website=www.epw.in}}</ref>}} |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదద్ (రాజకీయల్క్)|ప్రాంతీయవాద్]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|last=Hyderabad|first=K. VENKATESHWARLU in|title=Regionalism and sub-regionalism|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30222171.ece|date=23 April 2004|access-date=14 September 2020|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref><ref name="elections.in">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|work=elections.in|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/biju-janata-dal.html|title=Biju Janata Dal (BJD)}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/Populism|Populism]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|work=[[Wp/wsg/The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|title=One year of Telangana a mixed bag for KCR|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/one-year-of-telangana-a-mixed-bag-for-kcr/88791.html|quote=The Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Chandrasekhar Rao, took over the reins of the new state amid euphoria and high expectations. ... Blending boldness with populism, KCR has earned the reputation for being a tough task master|access-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014401/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/one-year-of-telangana-a-mixed-bag-for-kcr/88791.html|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/Conservatism|Conservatism]]<ref name="elections.in" /> [[Wp/wsg/వేర్పాటువాదం|వేర్పాటువాదం]] |2001 |[[Wp/wsg/కల్వకుంట్ల చంద్రశేఖరరావు|కె. చంద్రశేఖర్ రావు]] |[[Wp/wsg/తెలంగాణ|తెలంగాణ]] | |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఆల్ ఇండియా ఫార్వర్డ్ బ్లాక్|ఆల్ ఇండియా ఫార్వర్డ్ బ్లాక్]] | |AIFB |'''LDF''' |[[Wp/wsg/వామపక్ష రాజకీయాల్క్|వామపక్ష]] |[[Wp/wsg/వామపక్ష జాతీయవాదం|వామపక్ష జాతీయవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/సోషలిజం|సోషలిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/సామ్రాజ్య ఖిలాప్|సామ్రాజ్య ఖిలాప్]] [[Wp/wsg/మార్క్సిజం|మార్క్సిజం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/|title=Party constitution|publisher=All India Forward Bloc|access-date=22 April 2017|location=India|year=2017}}</ref> |1939 |దేబబ్రత బిస్వాస్ |[[Wp/wsg/పశ్చిమ బెంగాల్|పశ్చిమ బెంగాల్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఆల్ ఇండియా మజ్లిస్ ఎ ఇత్తెహాదుల్ ముస్లిమీన్|ఆల్ ఇండియా మజ్లిస్ ఎ ఇత్తెహాదుల్ ముస్లిమీన్]] |[[File:All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen_logo.svg|border|100x100px]] |AIMIM |'''-''' |[[Wp/wsg/రైట్ వింగ్ రాజకీయాలు|రైట్-వింగ్]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/though-the-bjp-and-aimim-are-ideologically-apart-they-share-a-few-similarities-says-a-l-i-chougule|title=Though BJP and AIMIM are ideologically apart they share a few similarities}}</ref> |[[Wp/wsg/సమ్మిళిత జాతీయత|సమ్మిళిత జాతీయవాదం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-fight-back-to-save-indias-composite-culture-constitution-asaduddin-owaisi-5748617/|title=Will fight back to save India's composite culture, Constitution: Asaduddin Owaisi|date=26 May 2019}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/మైనారిటీ హక్కులు|మైనారిటీ హక్కులు]] <ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.aimim.org/minority-upliftment/|title=Minority Upliftment|access-date=2022-09-19|archive-date=2023-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323142956/http://www.aimim.org/minority-upliftment/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/దళిత#సామాజిక స్థితి|దళితుల హక్కులు]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/aimim-eyes-minorities-and-dalits-in-malda/cid/1804745|title=AIMIM eyes minorities and Dalits in Malda}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/రాజ్యాంగవాదం|రాజ్యాంగవాదం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/aimim-want-to-confront-hindu-nationalism-with-indian-constitution-owaisi-121020800050_1.html|title=AIMIM want to confront Hindu nationalism with Indian Constitution: Owaisi|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=8 February 2021}}</ref> |1958 |[[Wp/wsg/అసదుద్దీన్ ఒవైసీ|అసదుద్దీన్ ఒవైసీ]] |[[Wp/wsg/తెలంగాణ|తెలంగాణ]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|All India N.R. Congress}}" | |ఆల్ ఇండియా N.R. కాంగ్రెస్ |[[File:All_India_N.R._Congress.png|100x100px]] |AINRC |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]] [[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]] |2011 |[[Wp/wsg/ఎన్ రంగస్వామి|ఎన్. రంగస్వామి]] |[[Wp/wsg/పుదుచ్చేరి|పుదుచ్చేరి]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Jug.svg|61x61px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|All India United Democratic Front}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఆల్ ఇండియా యునైటెడ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్|ఆల్ ఇండియా యునైటెడ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్]] | |AIUDF |'''-''' | | |2005 |బద్రుద్దీన్ అజ్మల్ |[[Wp/wsg/అస్సాం|అస్సాం]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lock_And_Key.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఆల్ జార్ఖండ్ స్టూడెంట్స్ యూనియన్|ఆల్ జార్ఖండ్ స్టూడెంట్స్ యూనియన్]] |[[File:ANSU_Party_flag.jpg|100x100px]] |AJSU |'''NDA''' | | |1986 |సుధేష్ మహ్తో |[[Wp/wsg/జార్ఖండ్|జార్ఖండ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Banana.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/అసోం గణ పరిషత్|అసోమ్ గణ పరిషత్]] | |AGP |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-రైట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-రైట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/భారతదేశంలో బెంగాలీ వ్యతిరేక సెంటిమెంట్|బెంగాలీ వ్యతిరేక సెంటిమెంట్]] |1985 |అతుల్ బోరా |[[Wp/wsg/అస్సాం|అస్సాం]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/బిజూ జనతా దళ్|బిజూ జనతాదళ్]] |[[File:Biju_Janata_Dal_Flag.jpg|100x100px]] |BJD |'''-''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] నుండి [[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]]<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{Wp/wsg/Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Wp/wsg/Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Biju-Janata-Dal|title=Biju Janata Dal}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/Populism|Populism]]<ref name="elections.in" /> [[Wp/wsg/సెక్యులరిజం|సెక్యులరిజం]]<ref name="elections.in" /><ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica" /> [[Wp/wsg/ఉదారవాదం|ఉదారవాదం]]<ref name="elections.in" /><ref name="LS2014">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|work=[[Wp/wsg/Daily News and Analysis|Daily News and Analysis]]|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-know-your-party-symbols-1974606|date=10 April 2014|quotation=Founded in December 1997, the Biju Janata Dal or the BJD is a regional political party of India. Having split from the larger faction Janata Dal, the party stands by democracy and liberalism.}}</ref> |1997 |[[Wp/wsg/నవీన్ పట్నాయక్|నవీన్ పట్నాయక్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ఒడిశా|ఒడిశా]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Conch.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/బోడోలాండ్ పీపుల్స్ ఫ్రంట్|బోడోలాండ్ పీపుల్స్ ఫ్రంట్]] |[[File:BPF-Flag.svg|100x100px]] |BPF |'''NDA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/లౌకికవాదం|లౌకికవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/డెమోక్రటిక్ సోషలిజం|డెమోక్రటిక్ సోషలిజం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|year=2013|title=IDEOLOGY & FLAG|url=https://www.bpfonline.in/#ideo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026204759/https://www.bpfonline.in/#ideo|archive-date=26 అక్టోబరు 2020|access-date=9 May 2013|publisher=Election Commission of India|location=India}}</ref> |2005 |హగ్రామ మొహిలరీ |[[Wp/wsg/అస్సాం|అస్సాం]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Nangol.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిస్ట్ పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా (మార్క్సిస్ట్-లెనినిస్ట్) లిబరేషన్|కమ్యూనిస్ట్ పార్టీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా (మార్క్సిస్ట్-లెనినిస్ట్) లిబరేషన్]] |[[File:CPIML_LIBERATION_FLAG.jpg|100x100px]] |CPI (ML)L | - |[[Wp/wsg/అతి-ఎడమ రాజకీయాలు|చాలా-ఎడమ]] |[[Wp/wsg/కమ్యూనిజం|కమ్యూనిజం]]<ref name="General Programme of CPIML">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/documents-2/10th-congress-cpiml/general-programme-of-cpiml/|title=General Programme of CPI(ML)|date=6 April 2013|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) website|language=en-US|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-date=8 ఏప్రిల్ 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408034607/http://cpiml.org/documents-2/10th-congress-cpiml/general-programme-of-cpiml/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/మార్క్సిజం-లెనినిజం|మార్క్సిజం-లెనినిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/మావోయిజం|మావోయిజం]]<ref name="General Programme of CPIML" /> |1974 |దీపంకర్ భట్టాచార్య |[[Wp/wsg/బీహార్|బీహార్]] |[[File:Flag_Logo_of_CPIML.png|51x51px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/దేశీయ ముర్పోక్కు ద్రవిడ కజగం (డిఎండికె)|దేశీయ ముర్పోక్కు ద్రావిడ కజగం]] |[[Wp/wsg/దస్త్రం:Flag DMDK.png|ఎడమ|thumb|100x100px]] |DMDK | - |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్ టు]] [[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక సంక్షేమం|సామాజిక సంక్షేమం]] [[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/లౌకికవాదం|లౌకికవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]] |2005 |[[Wp/wsg/విజయ కాంత్|విజయకాంత్]] |[[Wp/wsg/తమిళనాడు|తమిళనాడు]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Nagara.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Goa Forward Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/గోవా ఫార్వర్డ్ పార్టీ|గోవా ఫార్వర్డ్ పార్టీ]] |[[File:Goa_Forward_Party_Flag.jpg|100x100px]] |GFP |'''UPA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |2016 |విజయ్ సర్దేశాయి |[[Wp/wsg/గోవా|గోవా]] |[[File:Indian_election_symbol_Coconut.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/హిల్ స్టేట్ పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ|హిల్ స్టేట్ పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ]] | |HSPDP |'''NDA''' | | |1968 | |[[Wp/wsg/మేఘాలయ|మేఘాలయ]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఇండియన్ నేషనల్ లోక్‌దళ్‌|ఇండియన్ నేషనల్ లోక్ దళ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/దస్త్రం:Indian National Lok Dal Flag Official.png|ఎడమ|thumb|100x100px]] |INLD |'''-''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ఉదారవాదం|సామాజిక ఉదారవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |1996 |[[Wp/wsg/ఓం ప్రకాశ్ చౌతాలా|ఓం ప్రకాష్ చౌతాలా]] |[[Wp/wsg/హర్యానా|హర్యానా]] |[[File:INLD1.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఇండియన్ యూనియన్ ముస్లిం లీగ్|ఇండియన్ యూనియన్ ముస్లిం లీగ్]] |[[File:Flag_of_the_Indian_Union_Muslim_League.svg|100x100px]] |IUML |'''UPA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/భారతదేశంలో ముస్లింలు|ముస్లిం ఆసక్తులు]] [[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక సంప్రదాయవాదం|సామాజిక సంప్రదాయవాదం]] |1948 |హైదరాలీ షిహాబ్ తంగల్ |[[Wp/wsg/కేరళ|కేరళ]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lader.svg|59x59px]] |- | style="background:green;" | |[[Wp/wsg/ఇండిజినస్ పీపుల్స్ ఫ్రంట్ ఆఫ్ త్రిపుర|ఇండిజినస్ పీపుల్స్ ఫ్రంట్ ఆఫ్ త్రిపుర]] |[[File:Flag_green_yellow.svg|100x100px]] |IPFT |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-రైట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-రైట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/ఇండిజెనిజం|జాతి జాతీయవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/ఇమ్మిగ్రేషన్ వ్యతిరేక|ఇమ్మిగ్రేషన్ వ్యతిరేక]] |2009 |మేవర్ కుమార్ జమాటియా |[[Wp/wsg/త్రిపుర|త్రిపుర]] |[[File:Indian_Election_symbol_Dao.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్ నేషనల్ కాన్ఫరెన్స్|జమ్మూ & కాశ్మీర్ నేషనల్ కాన్ఫరెన్స్]] |[[File:JKNC-flag.svg|100x100px]] |JKNC |'''UPA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/కాశ్మీరియత్|కాశ్మీరియత్]] [[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ , కాశ్మీర్ (కేంద్రపాలిత ప్రాంతం)|కాశ్మీరీ]] స్వయంప్రతిపత్తి [[Wp/wsg/లౌకికవాదం|లౌకికవాదం]] |1932 |[[Wp/wsg/ఫరూక్ అబ్దుల్లా|ఫరూక్ అబ్దుల్లా]] |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీరు|జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Plough.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్ నేషనల్ పాంథర్స్ పార్టీ|జమ్మూ , కాశ్మీర్ నేషనల్ పాంథర్స్ పార్టీ]] | |JKNPP |'''-''' | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]]<ref name="History">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=http://nationalpanthersparty.com/history|title=History|access-date=26 September 2015|website=JK Panthers Party|archive-date=13 ఏప్రిల్ 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413150239/http://nationalpanthersparty.com/history|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="thehindu1">{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/sc-upholds-freeze-on-delimitation-in-jk-till-2026/article876533.ece|title=SC upholds freeze on delimitation in J&K till 2026|last=PTI|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 November 2010}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/అవినీతి నిరోధక|అవినీతి నిరోధక]]<ref name="History" /><ref name="thehindu1" /> [[Wp/wsg/సెక్యులరిజం|సెక్యులరిజం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FoqW11I4do|title=Headlines Today|date=28 August 2014|work=Panther party MLAs disrupt house in Jammu and Kashmir assembly|access-date=26 September 2015|via=youtube.com}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/మహిళల హక్కులు|మహిళల హక్కులు]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/jammu-and-kashmir-national-panthers-party.html|title=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (JKNPP)|website=elections.in|access-date=12 January 2016|archive-date=13 ఏప్రిల్ 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413150249/https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/jammu-and-kashmir-national-panthers-party.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |1982 |[[Wp/wsg/భీమ్ సింగ్ (రాజకీయ నాయకుడు)|భీమ్ సింగ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీరు|జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్ పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ|జమ్మూ , కాశ్మీర్ పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ]] | |JKPDP | - | |[[Wp/wsg/కాశ్మీరియత్|కాశ్మీరియత్]] [[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ , కాశ్మీర్ (కేంద్రపాలిత ప్రాంతం)|కాశ్మీరీ]] స్వయంప్రతిపత్తి<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|last1=Jammu Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|title=Self Rule|url=https://jkpdp.in/self-rule|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |1999 |[[Wp/wsg/మెహబూబా ముఫ్తీ|మెహబూబా ముఫ్తీ]] |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీరు|జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ink_Pot_and_Pen.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జనతా కాంగ్రెస్ ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్|జనతా కాంగ్రెస్ ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్]] | |JCC | - |[[Wp/wsg/వామపక్ష రాజకీయాలు|వామపక్ష]] |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక న్యాయం|సామాజిక న్యాయం]] [[Wp/wsg/స్త్రీవాదం|స్త్రీవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/ప్రత్యక్ష ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|ప్రత్యక్ష ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]] [[Wp/wsg/వ్యవసాయవాదం|వ్యవసాయవాదం]] |2016 |రేణు జోగి |[[Wp/wsg/ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్|ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Farmer_Ploughing_(within_Square).jpg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జననాయక్ జనతా పార్టీ|జన్నాయక్ జనతా పార్టీ]] | |JJP |'''NDA''' | |{{Wp/wsg/Nowrap|[[Wp/wsg/ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం|ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం]]}} |2018 |[[Wp/wsg/దుష్యంత్ చౌతాలా|దుష్యంత్ చౌతాలా]] |[[Wp/wsg/హర్యానా|హర్యానా]] |[[File:Indian_election_symbol_Key.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/జార్ఖండ్ ముక్తి మోర్చా|జార్ఖండ్ ముక్తి మోర్చా]] | |JMM |'''UPA''' | | |1972 |[[Wp/wsg/షిబు సోరెన్|షిబు సోరెన్]] [[Wp/wsg/హేమంత్ సోరెన్|హేమంత్ సోరెన్]] |[[Wp/wsg/జార్ఖండ్|జార్ఖండ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Bow_And_Arrow.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/కేరళ కాంగ్రెస్ (ఎం)|కేరళ కాంగ్రెస్ (ఎం)]] |[[Wp/wsg/దస్త్రం:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|ఎడమ|100x100px]] |KC (M) |'''LDF''' | |[[Wp/wsg/సంక్షేమ|సంక్షేమ]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|title=KM Mani: The man behind the 'Theory of the Toiling Class'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/apr/10/km-mani-the-man-behind-the-theory-of-the-toiling-class-1962410.amp|date=10 April 2019|access-date=20 March 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం|ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|title=K M Mani honoured at British Parliament Hall|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/sep/07/k-m-mani-honoured-at-british-parliament-hall-403616.amp|date=7 September 2012|access-date=20 March 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |1979 |[[Wp/wsg/జోస్ కె. మణి|జోస్ కె. మణి]] |[[Wp/wsg/కేరళ|కేరళ]] |[[File:Indian_election_symbol_two_leaves.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/లోక్ జనశక్తి పార్టీ|లోక్ జనశక్తి పార్టీ]] |[[File:Lok_Janshakti_Party_Flag.svg|100x100px]] |LJP |'''NDA''' | | |2000 |[[Wp/wsg/చిరాగ్ పాశ్వాన్|చిరాగ్ పాశ్వాన్]] |[[Wp/wsg/బీహార్|బీహార్]] | |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/మహారాష్ట్ర నవనిర్మాణ్ సేన|మహారాష్ట్ర నవనిర్మాణ సేన]] | |MNS |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/కుడి-కుడి రాజకీయాలు|కుడివైపు]] |[[Wp/wsg/హిందుత్వ|హిందుత్వ]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|work=CanIndia|title=Raj Thackeray goes right ahead with 'Hindutva'and development agenda for MNS|date=23 January 2020|url=http://www.canindia.com/raj-thackeray-goes-right-ahead-with-hindutva-agenda-for-mns/|access-date=19 సెప్టెంబరు 2022|archive-date=19 మే 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519032327/https://www.canindia.com/raj-thackeray-goes-right-ahead-with-hindutva-agenda-for-mns/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/రైట్-వింగ్ పాపులిజం|రైట్-వింగ్ పాపులిజం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite book|title=The Dashing Ladies of Shiv Sena|first=Tarini|last=Bedi|page=42|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2016}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|work=[[Wp/wsg/Hindustan Times|Hindustan Times]]|title=Munde still keen on alliance with MNS|date=2 March 2011|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/munde-still-keen-on-alliance-with-mns/story-qOqUrAj8Cu9QWg57NtlX9I.html}}</ref><ref name="electionms">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|title=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|date=29 March 2019|work=Election MS|url=https://www.electionms.com/party/maharashtra-navnirman-sena/|access-date=19 సెప్టెంబరు 2022|archive-date=22 జనవరి 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122004715/https://www.electionms.com/party/maharashtra-navnirman-sena/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/అల్ట్రానేషనలిజం|అల్ట్రానేషనలిజం]]<ref name="electionms" /><ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|work=[[Wp/wsg/Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]|title=How Pakistan Fell in Love With Bollywood|date=15 March 2010|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/03/15/how-pakistan-fell-in-love-with-bollywood/}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/మరాఠీ ప్రజలు|మరాఠీ ఆసక్తులు]]<ref name="electionms" /> |2006 |[[Wp/wsg/రాజ్ థాకరే|రాజ్ థాకరే]] |[[Wp/wsg/మహారాష్ట్ర|మహారాష్ట్ర]] |[[File:Mns-symbol-railway-engine.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/మహారాష్ట్రవాది గోమాంతక్ పార్టీ|మహారాష్ట్రవాది గోమంతక్ పార్టీ]] | |MGP |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] |[[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |1963 |దీపక్ ధవలికర్ |[[Wp/wsg/గోవా|గోవా]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Mizo National Front}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/మిజో నేషనల్ ఫ్రంట్|మిజో నేషనల్ ఫ్రంట్]] | |MNF |'''NDA''' | | |1961 |[[Wp/wsg/జోరంతంగ|జోరంతంగా]] |[[Wp/wsg/మిజోరం|మిజోరం]] |[[File:Election_Symbol_Star.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Mizoram People's Conference}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/మిజోరం పీపుల్స్ కాన్ఫరెన్స్|మిజోరం పీపుల్స్ కాన్ఫరెన్స్]] | |MPC | - | | |1975 |లహ్మంగైహ సైలో |[[Wp/wsg/మిజోరం|మిజోరం]] |[[File:Bulb_Election_Symbol.svg|76x76px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/నేషనలిస్ట్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ప్రోగ్రెసివ్ పార్టీ|నేషనలిస్ట్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ప్రోగ్రెసివ్ పార్టీ]] |[[File:Partyrop.png|100x100px]] |NDPP |'''NDA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |2017 |నీఫియు రియో |[[Wp/wsg/నాగాలాండ్|నాగాలాండ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Crown.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}" | |పట్టాలి మక్కల్ కచ్చి |[[File:Pmk_flag.jpg|100x100px]] |PMK |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] |[[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]] |1989 |ఎస్. రామదాస్ |[[Wp/wsg/జమ్మూ కాశ్మీరు|జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Mango_SVG.svg|50x50px|Mango]] |- | style="background:Red;" | |[[Wp/wsg/పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ అలయన్స్ (మణిపూర్)|పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ అలయన్స్]] | |PDA | - | | |2012 |బి.డి. బెహ్రింగ్ |[[Wp/wsg/మణిపూర్|మణిపూర్]] |కిరీటం |- | style="background:yellow;" | |[[Wp/wsg/పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్ (మేఘాలయ)|పీపుల్స్ డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్]] | |PDF | - | | |2017 |ఇవాన్లమ్ మార్బానియాంగ్ |[[Wp/wsg/మేఘాలయ|మేఘాలయ]] |[[File:Candle_-_Election_Symbol.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ ఆఫ్ అరుణాచల్|పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ ఆఫ్ అరుణాచల్]] | |PPA | - | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |1977 |కామెన్ రింగు |[[Wp/wsg/అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్|అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Maize.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/రాష్ట్రీయ లోక్‌దళ్‌|రాష్ట్రీయ లోక్ దళ్]] | |RLD | - | | |1996 |జయంత్ చౌదరి |[[Wp/wsg/ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్|ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hand_Pump.png|57x57px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/రాష్ట్రీయ లోక్ తాంత్రిక్ పార్టీ|రాష్ట్రీయ లోక్ తాంత్రిక్ పార్టీ]] |[[File:Logo_Rashtriya_Loktantrik_party.png|100x100px]] |RLP | - | | |2020 |[[Wp/wsg/హనుమాన్ బెనివాల్‌|''హనుమాన్'' బెనివాల్‌]] |[[Wp/wsg/రాజస్థాన్|రాజస్థాన్]] |[[File:Water_bottle_RLP_election_symbol.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Samajwadi Party}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/సమాజ్ వాదీ పార్టీ|సమాజ్‌వాదీ పార్టీ]] | |SP | - |{{Wp/wsg/Nowrap|[[Wp/wsg/మధ్య-ఎడమ|మధ్య-ఎడమ]]<ref name="sagepub44">{{Wp/wsg/Cite journal|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2321023018762675|doi = 10.1177/2321023018762675|title = Conservative in Practice: The Transformation of the Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh|year = 2018|last1 = Verniers|first1 = Gilles|journal = Studies in Indian Politics|volume = 6|pages = 44–59|s2cid = 158168430}}</ref> to [[Wp/wsg/Left-wing|left-wing]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|work=[[Wp/wsg/Financial Times|Financial Times]]|title=Left wing triumphs in Uttar Pradesh election|date=6 March 2012|quote=The big winner in the Uttar Pradesh state election was the regional leftwing Samajwadi party|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7c9c93d4-67b1-11e1-978e-00144feabdc0}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|date=21 June 1995|title=Indian MPs held hostage in caste struggle|work=[[Wp/wsg/The Independent|The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/indian-mps-held-hostage-in-caste-struggle-1587521.html}}</ref>}} |[[Wp/wsg/సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం|సామాజిక ప్రజాస్వామ్యం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite book|title=India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnAlnDZ2KcYC&q=India+at+the+Polls|page=78|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2003|first1=Mahendra Prasad|last1=Singh|first2=Rekha|last2=Saxena|isbn=978-8-125-02328-9}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం|ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం]]<ref name="elections.ind">{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/samajwadi-party.html|title=Samajwadi Party (SP)|work=elections.in|access-date=3 September 2021|archive-date=6 అక్టోబరు 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006231131/https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/samajwadi-party.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/వామపక్ష పాపులిజం|వామపక్ష పాపులిజం]]<ref name="elections.ind" /><ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|work=[[Wp/wsg/Zee News|Zee News]]|title=Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini|date=14 January 2017|url=https://zeenews.india.com/uttar-pradesh/mulayams-son-prateek-yadav-attracts-eye-balls-during-ride-in-rs-5-crore-lamborghini_1967175.html|access-date=19 సెప్టెంబరు 2022|archive-date=26 మే 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526221305/https://zeenews.india.com/uttar-pradesh/mulayams-son-prateek-yadav-attracts-eye-balls-during-ride-in-rs-5-crore-lamborghini_1967175.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/Social conservatism|Social conservatism]]<ref name="elections.ind" /> |1992 |[[Wp/wsg/అఖిలేష్ యాదవ్|అఖిలేష్ యాదవ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్|ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/శిరోమణి అకాలీ దళ్|శిరోమణి అకాలీదళ్]] |[[File:SAD_flag.svg|100x100px]] |SAD | - |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-రైట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-రైట్]] |[[Wp/wsg/పంజాబియాట్|పంజాబియాట్]]<ref name="Service 2015">{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|title=SAD aims to widen reach, to contest UP poll|location=Chandigarh|newspaper=The Tribune|date=8 October 2015|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sad-aims-to-widen-reach-to-contest-up-poll/132330.html|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-date=25 డిసెంబరు 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225194859/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sad-aims-to-widen-reach-to-contest-up-poll/132330.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Pandher 2013">{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|last=Pandher|first=Sarabjit|title=In post-Independence India, the SAD launched the Punjabi Suba morcha in the 1960s, seeking the re-organisation of Punjab on linguistic basis.|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 September 2013|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sukhbir-reelected-president-of-sad/article5089819.ece|access-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> [[Wp/wsg/భారతదేశంలో సంప్రదాయవాదం|సంప్రదాయవాదం]]<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, Volume 4|year=1996|publisher=Deep & Deep|first=Verinder|last=Grover|page=578}}</ref> Federalism<ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite news|title=Parkash Singh Badal calls for 'genuinely federal structure' for country|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=7 December 2014|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/parkash-singh-badal-calls-for-genuinely-federal-structure-for-country/articleshow/45405975.cms|access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/wsg/Cite web|last=Bharti|first=Vishav|title=Article 370: SAD 'dumps' its core ideology of federalism|website=The Tribune|date=6 August 2019|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/article-370-sad-dumps-its-core-ideology-of-federalism/813427.html|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 అక్టోబరు 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010143927/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/article-370-sad-dumps-its-core-ideology-of-federalism/813427.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |1920 |సుఖ్బీర్ సింగ్ బాదల్ |[[Wp/wsg/పంజాబ్|పంజాబ్]] |[[File:Shiromani_Akali_Dal_symbol.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Shiv Sena}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/శివసేన|శివసేన]] |[[File:Shiv_Sena_flag.jpg|100x100px]] |SS |'''UPA''' |[[Wp/wsg/రైట్-వింగ్ రాజకీయాలు|రైట్-వింగ్]] నుండి [[Wp/wsg/కుడి-కుడి రాజకీయాలు|కుడివైపు]] |[[Wp/wsg/సంప్రదాయవాదం|సంప్రదాయవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/హిందుత్వ|హిందుత్వ]] [[Wp/wsg/అల్ట్రానేషనలిజం|అల్ట్రానేషనలిజం]] [[Wp/wsg/రైట్-వింగ్ పాపులిజం|రైట్-వింగ్ పాపులిజం]] |1966 |[[Wp/wsg/ఉద్ధవ్ ఠాక్రే|ఉద్ధవ్ థాకరే]] |[[Wp/wsg/మహారాష్ట్ర|మహారాష్ట్ర]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Bow_And_Arrow.svg|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/సిక్కిం డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్|సిక్కిం డెమోక్రటిక్ ఫ్రంట్]] |[[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg|100x100px]] |SDF | - |[[Wp/wsg/సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్ పాలిటిక్స్|సెంటర్-లెఫ్ట్]] నుండి [[Wp/wsg/లెఫ్ట్-వింగ్ పాలిటిక్స్|లెఫ్ట్ వింగ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం|ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం]] |1993 |[[Wp/wsg/పవన్ కుమార్ చామ్లింగ్|పవన్ కుమార్ చామ్లింగ్]] |[[Wp/wsg/సిక్కిం|సిక్కిం]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Umberlla.png|51x51px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/సిక్కిం క్రాంతికారి మోర్చా|సిక్కిం క్రాంతికారి మోర్చా]] |[[File:Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha_flag.svg|100x100px]] |SKM |'''NDA''' | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం|ప్రజాస్వామ్య సోషలిజం]] |2013 |ప్రేమ్ సింగ్ తమాంగ్ |[[Wp/wsg/సిక్కిం|సిక్కిం]] |[[File:Symbol_SKM.png|50x50px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/యునైటెడ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ|యునైటెడ్ డెమోక్రటిక్ పార్టీ]] | |UDP | - | |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] [[Wp/wsg/పాపులిజం|పాపులిజం]] |1997 |మెత్బా లింగ్డో |[[Wp/wsg/మేఘాలయ|మేఘాలయ]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Drums.png|59x59px]] |- | bgcolor="{{Wp/wsg/Party color|United People's Party Liberal}}" | |[[Wp/wsg/యునైటెడ్ పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ లిబరల్|యునైటెడ్ పీపుల్స్ పార్టీ లిబరల్]] | |UPPL |'''NDA''' |[[Wp/wsg/సెంట్రిజం|సెంటర్]] |[[Wp/wsg/ప్రాంతీయవాదం (రాజకీయం)|ప్రాంతీయవాదం]] |2015 |ఉర్ఖావో గ్వ్రా బ్రహ్మ |[[Wp/wsg/అస్సాం|అస్సాం]] |ట్రాక్టర్ |- | style="background:blue;" | |[[Wp/wsg/జోరం నేషనలిస్ట్ పార్టీ|జోరం నేషనలిస్ట్ పార్టీ]] | |ZNP | - | | |1997 |లల్దుహౌమా |[[Wp/wsg/మిజోరం|మిజోరం]] |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Sun_without_Rays.png|50x50px]] |} n3c1bvqu0qhtvp7z0gyqcphqpcnc6d2 10 3545811 6706981 6489605 2025-07-10T17:33:12Z Mah3110 1701428 Ajout catégorie infoboxes 6706981 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="content infobox" style="text-align:center !important; float:right; width:294px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%; background-color:#fff !important; line-height: 1.1em; border-spacing: 5px; border-collapse: separate; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-spacing: 5px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #000; color: #fff; 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background-color:#fff !important; line-height: 1.1em; border-spacing: 5px; border-collapse: separate; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-spacing: 5px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #7DA7D9; color: #000; font-size:150%;" align="center; height: 43px; font-weight: bolder;" | '''{{{titre}}}''' |- |-class="hiddenStructure{{{image|}}}" | style="background:#FFFFFF;" align="center" colspan="2" | {{#if:{{{image|}}}|[[File:{{{image}}}|250px]]}} |- {{#if:{{{description|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{description|}}} |'''Fluwa i ndɛ kanlɛ :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{description}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{pays|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{pays|}}} |'''Nvle :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{pays}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{langue|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{langue|}}} |'''Aniɛn :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{langue}}}</td> | }} |- |{{#if:{{{auteur|}}} |'''Fluwa'n i kwlɛfuɛ :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{auteur}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{date de parution|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{date de parution|}}} |'''Afuɛ nga fluwa'n fiteli nun :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{date de parution}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{isbn|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{isbn|}}} |'''ISBN :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{isbn}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{editeur|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{editeur|}}} |'''Fluwa yifuɛ akpasua'n :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{editeur}}}</td> | }} |- | style="background-color: #7DA7D9; color: #000; height: 20px;" colspan="2" | '''Akatua''' |- {{#if:{{{distinctions|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{distinctions|}}} |{{{distinctions}}} | }} |} <noinclude> <pre> {{Fluwa mu | titre = | image = | pays = | langue = | auteur = | description = | date de parution = | isbn = | editeur = | distinctions = }} </pre> [[Category:Wp/bci/infoboxes]] </noinclude> jowhsrk1bd04oczbi6v4fd9kew485c8 0 3549132 6706954 6672653 2025-07-10T17:20:53Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q27881133}} '''Hauwa Ali''' (ji tau fa 1995) ndgya Nigerian writer ji sinbiya novels nyi kra jo ih ndrau akra mathki musulmi ba jo cha mahimanci ni Islamic nda uya yanchi ni kirnda. Novel nyi kra ndya ingya munagu chan, <ref>Ezenwa-Ohaeto.https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vx5q5rv . ''Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies''. '''24''' (2–3): 121–138 – via eScholarship, University of California.</ref>Destiny, won the Delta prize for fiction. ==Rayuwa== Nji yanyi or Gusau in 4 northern Nigeria. A irja University of Maiduguri banji published novel nyi or late 1980s. or fa 1995 ji tau ara breast cancer. == Written== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q27881133}} 3lbvvo9o8d4d3yrrb0ubwnu3saiw1yh 0 3549369 6707172 6490871 2025-07-10T20:40:20Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Ali Ndume''' an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1959, ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya wakilci jihar Borno ta Kudu a Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya.Ɗan jam'iyyar (APC) ne, kuma ya kasance Shugaba Mafi Rinjaye a Majalisar Dattawa daga watan Yuni na shekara ta 2015 zuwa watan Janairu na shekara ta 2017. Ndume ya kasance ɗan majalisar wakilai daga shekarar 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2011 kafin ya koma majalisar dattawa.Ya yi suna wajen kare haƙƙoƙin jama’arsa da kawo tsare-tsare masu amfani ga yankinsa, musamman a fannin tsaro da ci gaban tattalin arziki a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya, wacce ke fama da rikicin Boko Haram. == Zantuka == * Ba za mu taba samun ci gaba ba idan har ba mu magance matsalar tsaro a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar nan ba. * Dole ne a dena kashe kuɗi marasa amfani a Najeriya domin tattalin arzikin ƙasar. * Najeriya na bukatar samar da hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen shiga daban daban domin dogaro da man fetur kawai ba zai wadatar ba. [[Category:Wq/ha]] a0lt3kjbdzmkdusvw6wj6pvug29fu47 0 3554115 6707184 6509939 2025-07-10T20:46:38Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Ruth Nanda Anshen|'''Ruth Nanda Anshen''']] (June 14, 1900 – Disemba 2, 2003) mansaniyar falsafa ce ‘yar kasar Amurka, marubuciya kuma edita. Ta rubuta littattafai da dama wanda suka hada da: ''The Anatomy of Evil, Biography of An Idea, Morals Equals Manners and The Mystery of Consciousness: A Prescription for Human Survival.'' == Zantuka == * Babu wani zurfin rayuwa ba tare da hanya zuwa zurfafawa ba.m, babu gaskiya ba tare da hanya zuwa gasgatawa ba. ** ''The Mystery of Consciousness: A Prescription for Human Survival'', pg. 108 (1994) * Ilimi tsari ne ba samfuri ba. * Mutum kadai, a dan gajerar wanzuwan shi a duniya, yana da ‘yancin ya gwada.. [[Category:Wq/ha]] ka4tx9l94e95wcfasnt4rk5kafuizh7 0 3556809 6707309 6700884 2025-07-11T05:20:27Z Swarabakti 2526161 /* {{Wt/bew/lang|id}} */ 6707309 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/bew/head|bew|tr=[[Wt/bew/هاري|هاري]]|tr2=[[Wt/bew/اري|اري]]}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|bew}} atuan waktu pagi ketemu pagi, malem ketemu malem =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/S|lapal|top=1}} * {{Wt/bew/audio|id|LL-Q9240 (ind)-Bangrapip-ari.wav}} {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=1}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} [[Wt/bew/gedogan|gedogan]] {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=2}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} [[Wt/bew/tèngklèng|tèngklèng]] atawa [[Wt/bew/lapisan|lapisan]] tipis {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=3}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} sejenis [[Wt/bew/uler|uler]] nyang ada racunnya {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=4}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/lb|id|Jakarta}} {{Wt/bew/l|bew|ari}} {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=5}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/lb|id|Hitu}} [[Wt/bew/kereneng|kereneng]] bakal ikan deri [[Wt/bew/rotan|rotan]] atawa [[Wt/bew/bambu|bambu]] {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=5}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/lb|id|Èlnama}} kenduri ngedoa'in orang mati pas mao pengabisan bulan [[Wt/bew/Puasa|Puasa]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] =={{Wt/bew/lang|plm}}== {{Wt/bew/head|plm}} {{Wt/bew/S|lapal}} * {{Wt/bew/HPA|plm|a=LL-Q12497929 (mis)-Prof. Dr. Hj. Zuhdiyah, M. Ag. (Grlaqua)-ari.wav|[aʀi]}} {{Wt/bew/S|ma'na}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|plm}} ari [[Category:Wt/bew]] [[Category:Wt/bew/WikiPerkawi 2025]] tp9etwxpo80oueay2yfmrk1ht5f3td5 6707311 6707309 2025-07-11T05:21:11Z Swarabakti 2526161 6707311 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/bew/head|bew|tr=[[Wt/bew/هاري|هاري]]|tr2=[[Wt/bew/اري|اري]]}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|bew}} atuan waktu pagi ketemu pagi, malem ketemu malem =={{Wt/bew/lang|id}}== {{Wt/bew/S|lapal|top=1}} * {{Wt/bew/audio|id|LL-Q9240 (ind)-Bangrapip-ari.wav}} {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=1}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} [[Wt/bew/gedogan|gedogan]] {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=2}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} [[Wt/bew/tèngklèng|tèngklèng]] atawa [[Wt/bew/lapisan|lapisan]] tipis {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=3}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} sejenis [[Wt/bew/uler|uler]] nyang ada racunnya {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=4}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/lb|id|Jakarta}} {{Wt/bew/l|bew|ari}} {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=5}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/q|Hitu}} [[Wt/bew/kereneng|kereneng]] bakal ikan deri [[Wt/bew/rotan|rotan]] atawa [[Wt/bew/bambu|bambu]] {{Wt/bew/head|id|num=6}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|id}} {{Wt/bew/q|Èlnama}} kenduri ngedoa'in orang mati pas mao pengabisan bulan [[Wt/bew/Puasa|Puasa]] [[Category:Wt/bew]] =={{Wt/bew/lang|plm}}== {{Wt/bew/head|plm}} {{Wt/bew/S|lapal}} * {{Wt/bew/HPA|plm|a=LL-Q12497929 (mis)-Prof. Dr. Hj. Zuhdiyah, M. Ag. (Grlaqua)-ari.wav|[aʀi]}} {{Wt/bew/S|ma'na}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|plm}} ari [[Category:Wt/bew]] [[Category:Wt/bew/WikiPerkawi 2025]] cwjbprc5wn361q91cui9lj46c511s3d 10 3559621 6707402 6530363 2025-07-11T09:52:00Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠣꠔ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠟꠉ ꠟꠣꠉꠣꠁꠀꠞ [[d:Q14452525]] 6707402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:wb/syl/Template link general|main|bold=on}}<noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation|1=Template:wb/syl/Tlg/doc |content = {{wb/syl/Tlg/doc|wb/syl/Tlb}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> {{INTERWIKI|Q14452525}} </noinclude> h5p60s5hsn4enudmslg5sgpunna1l3a 10 3561235 6707400 6536226 2025-07-11T09:51:23Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠣꠔ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠟꠉ ꠟꠣꠉꠣꠁꠀꠞ [[d:Q14452525]] 6707400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#Invoke:wq/syl/Template link general|main|bold=on}}<noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation|1=Template:wq/syl/Tlg/doc |content = {{wq/syl/Tlg/doc|tlb}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> {{INTERWIKI|Q14452525}} </noinclude> 31i1mjd2shwqoz96lzhbz32dzpyh61u 0 3561679 6707005 6689606 2025-07-10T17:52:33Z Mah3110 1701428 6707005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bci/Nvle |duman = Côte d'Ivoire |drapo = Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg |karti = Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg |famiɛn_klɔ = Yamoussoukro }} '''Côte d'Ivoire''', i wafa ng'ɔ ti tɛnndɛn'n, '''République de la Côte d'Ivoire''' (RCI), ti nvle kun m'ɔ o Afrique du Sud lɔ, Guinée lɔ nzue ba'n i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika'n nun. Ɔ ti kɛ lika ng’ɔ ti nglonglo sa, i bue’m be ti kilo kɔe 600. I dan’n ti kilo 322.463 km28, i bue ng’ɔ o wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Mali, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Burkina Faso, i wia afiliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Ghana, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Liberia, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Gine, yɛ i nglo lɔ lika’n yɛle Atlantiki jenvie’n. Be waan sran 29.389.150 be tran lɔ afuɛ 2021 nun. [[Category:Wp/bci]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Nvle]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Côte d'Ivoire]] rmbmgpb8w5kbu7voplwvfst94salqm4 6707007 6707005 2025-07-10T17:52:59Z Mah3110 1701428 6707007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bci/Nvle |duman = Côte d'Ivoire |drapo = Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg |karti = Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg |famiɛn_klɔ = Yamoussoukro }} '''Côte d'Ivoire''', i wafa ng'ɔ ti tɛnndɛn'n, '''République de la Côte d'Ivoire''' (RCI), ti nvle kun m'ɔ o Afrique du Sud lɔ, Guinée lɔ nzue ba'n i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika'n nun. Ɔ ti kɛ lika ng’ɔ ti nglonglo sa, i bue’m be ti kilo kɔe 600. I dan’n ti kilo 322.463 km28, i bue ng’ɔ o wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Mali, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Burkina Faso, i wia afiliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Ghana, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Liberia, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Gine, yɛ i nglo lɔ lika’n yɛle Atlantiki jenvie’n. Be waan sran 29.389.150 be tran lɔ afuɛ 2021 nun. [[Category:Wp/bci]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Nvle]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Côte d'Ivoire]] sqv967f9ddjpzdskr2grh9sln4h2p16 6707010 6707007 2025-07-10T18:00:49Z Mah3110 1701428 6707010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bci/Nvle |duman = Côte d'Ivoire |drapo = Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg |karti = Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg |famiɛn_klɔ = Yamoussoukro }} '''Côte d'Ivoire''', i wafa ng'ɔ ti tɛnndɛn'n, '''République de la Côte d'Ivoire''' (RCI), ti nvle kun m'ɔ o Afrique du Sud lɔ, Guinée lɔ nzue ba'n i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika'n nun. Ɔ ti kɛ lika ng’ɔ ti nglonglo sa, i bue’m be ti kilo kɔe 600. I dan’n ti kilo 322.463 km28, i bue ng’ɔ o wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Mali, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Burkina Faso, i wia afiliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Ghana, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Liberia, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Gine, yɛ i nglo lɔ lika’n yɛle Atlantiki jenvie’n. Be waan sran 29.389.150 be tran lɔ afuɛ 2021 nun. [[Category:Wp/bci]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Nvle]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Test]] 6jpzzgehmd7vbjo75oj22mu44aqv38u 6707012 6707010 2025-07-10T18:01:43Z Mah3110 1701428 6707012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bci/Nvle |duman = Côte d'Ivoire |drapo = Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg |karti = Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg |famiɛn_klɔ = Yamoussoukro }} '''Côte d'Ivoire''', i wafa ng'ɔ ti tɛnndɛn'n, '''République de la Côte d'Ivoire''' (RCI), ti nvle kun m'ɔ o Afrique du Sud lɔ, Guinée lɔ nzue ba'n i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika'n nun. Ɔ ti kɛ lika ng’ɔ ti nglonglo sa, i bue’m be ti kilo kɔe 600. I dan’n ti kilo 322.463 km28, i bue ng’ɔ o wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Mali, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Burkina Faso, i wia afiliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Ghana, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Liberia, i wia atɔliɛ lɔ’n yɛle Gine, yɛ i nglo lɔ lika’n yɛle Atlantiki jenvie’n. Be waan sran 29.389.150 be tran lɔ afuɛ 2021 nun. [[Category:Wp/bci]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Nvle]] [[Category:Wp/bci/Côte d'Ivoire]] sqv967f9ddjpzdskr2grh9sln4h2p16 0 3564003 6706942 6686320 2025-07-10T17:15:53Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q5368399}} '''Ely Calil''' (8 hya kupou sudan fa 1945 – 28 hya tufo hya 2018) ndgyaLebanese businessman holding British citizenship. Ndgya zumu or njir guna ni Britain; The Sunday Times Magazine ndi estimated uyan yi hearo 2010 ada £350 million. == Rayuwa == == Allegations == == Personal life == == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5368399}} 4iycr8rzsva1ckdhzg1yr6qkjbtqvlm 0 3564921 6706950 6698478 2025-07-10T17:19:57Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Politics */ 6706950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''',kra nji dinya ingya sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ni [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020. ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== ==Rayuwa == == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} 8h47bfqke8mnn419w5wnj0i44py9t9b 0 3565466 6706861 6638458 2025-07-10T14:56:40Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q1394965}} '''Aliko Dangote''' (nji yanyi 10 fudo 1957) ndgyaNigerian businessman ba industrialist. Najan njisinbiya founder, chairman, ba CEO ni Dangote Group, the largest industrial conglomerate or [[Wp/mrt/West Africa|West Africa]]. Najan ndi tangurma kra hiriya private refinery orNigeria. The Bloomberg Billionaires Index ndiestimate uyanyi ada $13.4 billion or tsitseu 2024, krasar ji da jon ndya kowani ndi kiya kiyaru ingya guna, ba najan 158th ingya guna or duniya papatu. == Early life and family == Dangote nji yanyi 10 April 1957 or kir jir guna niHausa Muslim or Kano, kra a kidi British Nigeriadama. munyi, Mariya Sanusi Dantata, kwar dur sukunngya Sanusi Dantata. dunyi, Mohammed Dangote, najan business associate ni Dantata. To ba minyi, najanzir munagu ara ijinyi Alhassan Dantata, ndrau ndiyaingya kuba or West Africa or latuta ji dzugwa tau 1955. Zamin ya Dangote, Sani (1959/60–2021), najama jo ihsuku. == Marriage and business career == == Legacy == == Later events == == Notes == == Citations == == Source == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1394965}} k2bryqzxp9wcgd56dmfkktb804s5k8c 0 3568278 6706869 6686369 2025-07-10T15:57:02Z Galdiz 2568250 6706869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q99619514}} '''[[Wp/mrt/Idakwo|Idakwo]] Michael [[Wp/mrt/Ameh Oboni|Ameh Oboni]] II''' (1948 – tsitseu 27, 2020) najan 27th Àtá Ígálá (paramount ruler) ni [[Wp/mrt/Igala Kingdom|Igala Kingdom]] or [[Wp/mrt/Middle Belt ni Nigeria|Middle Belt ni Nigeria]]. ==Life and education== Oboni II nji yanyi 1948. or 1960, a kudnar ja primary school education or Saint Boniface in Idah. Ji dzugwama’I ando Saint Augustine College, [[Wp/mrt/Kabba|Kabba]], ivira jigraduate or fa 1967.[5] ji dzugwa ma’I avo [[Wp/mrt/Kaduna Polytechnic|Kaduna Polytechnic]] baji graduated ingya certificate ni Estate Management or fa 1980. == Working career == == Kingship == == Legacy == == Demise == == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q99619514}} qs8qr74wg525qcr2ewa1klq54rcoud5 0 3571564 6707039 6705835 2025-07-10T18:56:54Z Hector the Writer 2606766 /* Langwij an' lichracha */ 6707039 wikitext text/x-wiki == Biyografi == === Akta, dansa an modl === # [[Wp/aig/Sarah Bernhardt|Sarah Bernhardt]] # [[Wp/aig/Charlie Chaplin|Charlie Chaplin]] # [[Wp/aig/Marlene Dietrich|Marlene Dietrich]] # [[Wp/aig/Marilyn Monroe|Marilyn Monroe]] === Aatis an aakitek === # [[Wp/aig/Le Corbusier|Le Corbusier]] # [[Wp/aig/Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dalí]] # [[Wp/aig/Albrecht Dürer|Albrecht Dürer]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Francisco de Goya|Francisco de Goya]] # [[Wp/aig/Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[Wp/aig/Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Henri Matisse|Henri Matisse]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Michelangelo|Michelangelo]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Raphael|Raphael]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Rembrandt|Rembrandt]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Peter Paul Rubens|Peter Paul Rubens]] # [[Wp/aig/Mimar Sinan|Mimar Sinan]] # [[Wp/aig/Diego Velázquez|Diego Velázquez]] # [[Wp/aig/Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] # [[Wp/aig/Frank Lloyd Wright|Frank Lloyd Wright]] === Aata, pleerayt an poyit === # [[Wp/aig/Abu Nuwas|Abu Nuwas]] # [[Wp/aig/Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[Wp/aig/Bashō|Bashō]] # [[Wp/aig/Jorge Luis Borges|Jorge Luis Borges]] # [[Wp/aig/George Byron|George Byron]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Geoffrey Chaucer|Geoffrey Chaucer]] # [[Wp/aig/Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Charles Dickens|Charles Dickens]] # [[Wp/aig/Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] # [[Wp/aig/Gabriel García Márquez|Gabriel García Márquez]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Hafez|Hafez]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Homer|Homer]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]]''' # [[Wp/aig/James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[Wp/aig/Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[Wp/aig/Kālidāsa|Kālidāsa]] # [[Wp/aig/Li Bai|Li Bai]] # [[Wp/aig/Naguib Mahfouz|Naguib Mahfouz]] # [[Wp/aig/Molière|Molière]] # [[Wp/aig/Ovid|Ovid]] # [[Wp/aig/Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[Wp/aig/Alexander Pushkin|Alexander Pushkin]] # '''[[Wp/aig/William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[Wp/aig/Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath Tagore]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[Wp/aig/Virgil|Virgil]] === Kompouza an myuuzishan === # [[Wp/aig/Louis Armstrong|Louis Armstrong]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]]''' # [[Wp/aig/The Beatles|The Beatles]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Johannes Brahms|Johannes Brahms]] # [[Wp/aig/Frédéric Chopin|Frédéric Chopin]] # [[Wp/aig/Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[Wp/aig/Georg Frideric Handel|Georg Frideric Handel]] # [[Wp/aig/Joseph Haydn|Joseph Haydn]] # [[Wp/aig/Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina|Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] # [[Wp/aig/Édith Piaf|Édith Piaf]] # [[Wp/aig/Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[Wp/aig/Giacomo Puccini|Giacomo Puccini]] # [[Wp/aig/Franz Schubert|Franz Schubert]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Igor Stravinsky|Igor Stravinsky]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Petr Tchaikovsky|Petr Tchaikovsky]] # [[Wp/aig/Giuseppe Verdi|Giuseppe Verdi]] # [[Wp/aig/Antonio Vivaldi|Antonio Vivaldi]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]]''' === Explaara an chrawvla === # [[Wp/aig/Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[Wp/aig/Neil Armstrong|Neil Armstrong]] # [[Wp/aig/Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]''' # [[Wp/aig/James Cook|James Cook]] # [[Wp/aig/Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Yuri Gagarin|Yuri Gagarin]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[Wp/aig/Ibn Battuta|Ibn Battuta]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[Wp/aig/Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film dairekta an skreenrayta === # [[Wp/aig/Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[Wp/aig/Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[Wp/aig/Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[Wp/aig/Federico Fellini|Federico Fellini]] # [[Wp/aig/Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[Wp/aig/Stanley Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick]] # [[Wp/aig/Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[Wp/aig/Satyajit Ray|Satyajit Ray]] # [[Wp/aig/Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventa, sayantis an matimatisan === # '''[[Wp/aig/Archimedes|Archimedes]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Avicenna|Avicenna]] # [[Wp/aig/Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[Wp/aig/Brahmagupta|Brahmagupta]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Marie Curie|Marie Curie]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Thomas Edison|Thomas Edison]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Euclid|Euclid]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[Wp/aig/Michael Faraday|Michael Faraday]] # [[Wp/aig/Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Henry Ford|Henry Ford]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Galen|Galen]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Carl Friedrich Gauss|Carl Friedrich Gauss]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Johannes Gutenberg|Johannes Gutenberg]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/David Hilbert|David Hilbert]]''' # [[Wp/aig/James Prescott Joule|James Prescott Joule]] # [[Wp/aig/Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[Wp/aig/Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi|Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[Wp/aig/Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] # [[Wp/aig/Carl Linnaeus|Carl Linnaeus]] # [[Wp/aig/James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[Wp/aig/Dmitri Mendeleev|Dmitri Mendeleev]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Sir Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Max Planck|Max Planck]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Erwin Schrödinger|Erwin Schrödinger]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Alan Turing|Alan Turing]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/James Watt|James Watt]]''' === Filasafa an shoshal sayantis === # '''[[Wp/aig/Aristotle|Aristotle]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[Wp/aig/Chanakya|Chanakya]] # [[Wp/aig/Noam Chomsky|Noam Chomsky]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Confucius|Confucius]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/René Descartes|René Descartes]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] # [[Wp/aig/Ibn Khaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]]''' # [[Wp/aig/John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Laozi|Laozi]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/John Locke|John Locke]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Niccolò Machiavelli|Niccolò Machiavelli]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Karl Marx|Karl Marx]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Plato|Plato]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[Wp/aig/Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[Wp/aig/Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[Wp/aig/Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Socrates|Socrates]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Voltaire|Voltaire]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Max Weber|Max Weber]] # [[Wp/aig/Ludwig Wittgenstein|Ludwig Wittgenstein]] # [[Wp/aig/Zhu Xi|Zhu Xi]] === Paalitikal leeda === # [[Wp/aig/Akbar|Akbar]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Ashoka|Ashoka]] <!-- Greatest Indian monarch of antiquity; spread Buddhism --> # [[Wp/aig/Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Augustus|Augustus]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[Wp/aig/Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon Bonaparte]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[Wp/aig/Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[Wp/aig/Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[Wp/aig/Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Cyrus the Great|Cyrus the Great]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[Wp/aig/Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I of England]] # [[Wp/aig/Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Che Guevara|Che Guevara]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[Wp/aig/Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[Wp/aig/Louis XIV|Louis XIV]] # [[Wp/aig/Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[Wp/aig/Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[Wp/aig/Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong]] # [[Wp/aig/Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru]] # [[Wp/aig/Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[Wp/aig/Peter the Great|Peter the Great]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]]'''<!-- Created first Chinese state and dynasty --> # [[Wp/aig/Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] # [[Wp/aig/Saladin|Saladin]] # [[Wp/aig/Joseph Stalin|Joseph Stalin]] # [[Wp/aig/Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman the Magnificent]] <!-- Greatest Ottoman sultan --> # [[Wp/aig/Sun Yat-sen|Sun Yat-sen]] # [[Wp/aig/Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[Wp/aig/Umar|Umar]] <!-- Conquered Persia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt for Islam --> # '''[[Wp/aig/George Washington|George Washington]]''' === Rilijus figyoo an tiyolojian === # [[Wp/aig/Abraham|Abraham]] # [[Wp/aig/Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[Wp/aig/Augustine of Hippo|Augustine of Hippo]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Buddha|Buddha]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Al-Ghazali|Al-Ghazali]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Jesus|Jesus]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Moses|Moses]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Muhammad|Muhammad]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Paul the Apostle|Paul the Apostle]] == Filosofi an' saiykoloji == === Filosofi === # [[Wp/aig/Beauty|Beauty]] # [[Wp/aig/Dialectic|Dialectic]] # [[Wp/aig/Ethics|Ethics]] # [[Wp/aig/Epistemology|Epistemology]] # [[Wp/aig/Feminism|Feminism]] # [[Wp/aig/Free will|Free will]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Knowledge|Knowledge]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Logic|Logic]] # [[Wp/aig/Mind|Mind]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Philosophy|Philosophy]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Probability|Probability]] # [[Wp/aig/Reality|Reality]] # [[Wp/aig/Truth|Truth]] === Saiykoloji === # '''[[Wp/aig/Behavior|Behavior]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Emotion|Emotion]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Love|Love]] # [[Wp/aig/Saiykoloji|Saiykoloji]] ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Thought|Thought]]''' == Rilijahn == === Wha de wul tink an' rilijahn === # '''[[Wp/aig/God|God]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Mythology|Mythology]]''' # Worldview philosophies ## [[Wp/aig/Atheism|Atheism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Materialism|Materialism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Monotheism|Monotheism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Polytheism|Polytheism]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Soul|Soul]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Religion|Religion]]''' # Specific religions ## '''[[Wp/aig/Buddhism|Buddhism]]''' ## '''[[Wp/aig/Christianity|Christianity]]''' ### [[Wp/aig/Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] ## [[Wp/aig/Confucianism|Confucianism]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Hinduism|Hinduism]]''' ### [[Wp/aig/Trimurti|Trimurti]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Islam|Islam]]''' ### [[Wp/aig/Shia Islam|Shia Islam]] ## [[Wp/aig/Jainism|Jainism]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Judaism|Judaism]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Taoism|Taoism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] # Spiritual practices ##[[Wp/aig/Sufism|Sufism]] ##[[Wp/aig/Yoga|Yoga]] ##[[Wp/aig/Zen|Zen]] == Soshul saiens == # '''[[Wp/aig/Sosaayeti|Sosaayeti]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Civilization|Civilization]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Education|Education]]''' ✓ === Faamli an rileshan === # '''[[Wp/aig/Faamli|Faamli]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Pikni|Pikni]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Man|Man]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Maareej|Maareej]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Woman|Woman]] === Paalitix === # '''[[Wp/aig/Paalitix|Paalitix]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Anarkizum|Anarkizum]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Koloniyalizum|Koloniyalizum]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Communism|Communism]] # [[Wp/aig/Conservatism|Conservatism]] # [[Wp/aig/Democracy|Democracy]] # [[Wp/aig/Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[Wp/aig/Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[Wp/aig/Fascism|Fascism]] # [[Wp/aig/Globalization|Globalization]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Govament|Govament]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Ideology|Ideology]] # [[Wp/aig/Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[Wp/aig/Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[Wp/aig/Marxism|Marxism]] # [[Wp/aig/Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[Wp/aig/Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[Wp/aig/Republic|Republic]] # [[Wp/aig/Socialism|Socialism]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Stiet (paaliti)|Stiet (paaliti)]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Political party|Political party]] # [[Wp/aig/Propaganda|Propaganda]] # [[Wp/aig/Terrorism|Terrorism]] === Biznis an ekonomix === # '''[[Wp/aig/Ekonomix|Ekonomix]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Capital (economics)|Capital]] # [[Wp/aig/Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[Wp/aig/Currency|Currency]] ## [[Wp/aig/Euro|Euro]] ## [[Wp/aig/Japanese yen|Japanese yen]] ## [[Wp/aig/United States dollar|United States dollar]] # [[Wp/aig/Industry|Industry]] ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Money|Money]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Tax|Tax]] === Laa === # '''[[Wp/aig/Laa|Laa]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Constitution|Constitution]] === Intanashanal aagannayzayshan === # [[Wp/aig/Aafrikan Yunyahn|Aafrikan Yunyahn]] # [[Wp/aig/Arab Leeg|Arab Leeg]] # [[Wp/aig/ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[Wp/aig/Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[Wp/aig/Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[Wp/aig/European Union|European Union]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Red Kraws an' Red Kresen Muuvmen|Red Kraws an' Red Kresen Muuvmen]]''' # [[Wp/aig/NATO|NATO]] # [[Wp/aig/Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[Wp/aig/OPEC|OPEC]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Yunaitid Neyshan dem|Yunaitid Neyshan dem]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[Wp/aig/International Monetary Fund|International Monetary Fund]] ## [[Wp/aig/UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[Wp/aig/Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[Wp/aig/World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] # [[Wp/aig/World Bank|World Bank]] # [[Wp/aig/World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]] === Waa an militchri === # [[Wp/aig/Civil war|Civil war]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Military|Military]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Peace|Peace]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Waa|Waa]]''' === Shoshal ishyo === # [[Wp/aig/Aborshan|Aborshan]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Kapital panishmen|Kapital panishmen]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Yuuman rait dem|Yuuman rait dem]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Reysizm|Reysizm]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Sleyvri|Sleyvri]]''' == Langwij an' lichracha == # '''[[Wp/aig/Language|Language]]''' ✓ # Specific languages ## [[Wp/aig/Aarabik|Aarabik]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Bengali|Bengali]] ## [[Wp/aig/Chaineez langwij|Chaineez langwij]] ✓ <!--With the clarification that it is, linguistically speaking, not a single language.--> ## [[Wp/aig/English|English]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Esperanto|Esperanto]] ## [[Wp/aig/French|French]] ## [[Wp/aig/German|German]] ## [[Wp/aig/Greek|Greek]] ## [[Wp/aig/Hebrew|Hebrew]] ## [[Wp/aig/Hindi-Urdu|Hindi-Urdu]] ## [[Wp/aig/Japanese|Japanese]] ## [[Wp/aig/Latin|Latin]] ## [[Wp/aig/Persian|Persian]] ## [[Wp/aig/Portuguese|Portuguese]] ## [[Wp/aig/Russian|Russian]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] ## [[Wp/aig/Spanish|Spanish]] ## [[Wp/aig/Swahili|Swahili]] ## [[Wp/aig/Turkish|Turkish]] # [[Wp/aig/Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[Wp/aig/Grammar|Grammar]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Word|Word]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Phoneme|Phoneme]] ## [[Wp/aig/Syllable|Syllable]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Writing system|Writing system]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Arabic alphabet|Arabic alphabet]] ## [[Wp/aig/Chinese characters|Chinese characters]] ## [[Wp/aig/Cyrillic script|Cyrillic script]] ## [[Wp/aig/Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[Wp/aig/Hangul|Hangul]] ## [[Wp/aig/Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] # [[Wp/aig/Literacy|Literacy]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Translation|Translation]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Literature|Literature]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Prose|Prose]] ##[[Wp/aig/The Art of War|The Art of War]] ## [[Wp/aig/Fiction|Fiction]] ### [[Wp/aig/One Thousand and One Nights|One Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[Wp/aig/Novel|Novel]] ### [[Wp/aig/Dream of the Red Chamber|Dream of the Red Chamber]] ### [[Wp/aig/The Tale of Genji|The Tale of Genji]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Poetry|Poetry]]''' ### [[Wp/aig/Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[Wp/aig/Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[Wp/aig/Mahābhārata|Mahābhārata]] ### [[Wp/aig/Shāhnāma|Shāhnāma]] == Saiens == # [[Wp/aig/Saiens|Saiens]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Nature|Nature]] === Aastranami === # '''[[Wp/aig/Aastranami|Aastranami]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Asteroid|Asteroid]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Big Bang|Big Bang]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Black hole|Black hole]] # [[Wp/aig/Comet|Comet]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Galaxy|Galaxy]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Milky Way|Milky Way]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Muun|Muun]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Planet|Planet]]''' ✓ ## '''[[Wp/aig/Ert|Ert]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Jupiter|Jupiter]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Mars|Mars]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Mercury|Mercury]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Neptune|Neptune]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Saturn|Saturn]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Uranus|Uranus]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Venus|Venus]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Solar System|Solar System]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Spaceflight|Spaceflight]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Star|Star]]''' ## '''[[Wp/aig/Sun|Sun]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Universe|Universe]] === Baiyoloji === # '''[[Wp/aig/Baiyoloji|Baiyoloji]]''' # Biological materials ## '''[[Wp/aig/DNA|DNA]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Enzyme|Enzyme]] ## [[Wp/aig/Protein|Protein]] # [[Wp/aig/Botany|Botany]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Death|Death]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Suicide|Suicide]] # [[Wp/aig/Ecology|Ecology]] ## [[Wp/aig/Endangered species|Endangered species]] # [[Wp/aig/Domestication|Domestication]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Life|Life]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Biological classification|Biological classification]] ## [[Wp/aig/Species|Species]] ==== Baiyolojik prasis ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Metabolism|Metabolism]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Digestion|Digestion]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Breathing|Breathing]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Evolution|Evolution]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Reproduction|Reproduction]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sex|Sex]] ==== Anatomee ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Anatomee|Anatomee]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Breast|Breast]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Cell|Cell]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[Wp/aig/Blood|Blood]] ## [[Wp/aig/Heart|Heart]] # [[Wp/aig/Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[Wp/aig/Human gastrointestinal tract|Human gastrointestinal tract]] ## [[Wp/aig/Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[Wp/aig/Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[Wp/aig/Liver|Liver]] # [[Wp/aig/Muscle|Muscle]] # [[Wp/aig/Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[Wp/aig/Brain|Brain]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[Wp/aig/Ear|Ear]] ### [[Wp/aig/Nose|Nose]] ### [[Wp/aig/Eye|Eye]] # [[Wp/aig/Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] # [[Wp/aig/Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[Wp/aig/Lung|Lung]] # [[Wp/aig/Skeleton|Skeleton]] # [[Wp/aig/Skin|Skin]] ==== Helt an medisin ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Medicine|Medicine]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Addiction|Addiction]] # [[Wp/aig/Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's disease]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Cancer|Cancer]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Cholera|Cholera]] # [[Wp/aig/Common cold|Common cold]] # [[Wp/aig/Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[Wp/aig/Disability|Disability]] ## [[Wp/aig/Blindness|Blindness]] ## [[Wp/aig/Deafness|Deafness]] ## [[Wp/aig/Mental disorder|Mental disorder]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Disease|Disease]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Pharmaceutical drug|Pharmaceutical drug]] # [[Wp/aig/Ethanol|Ethanol]] # [[Wp/aig/Nicotine|Nicotine]] ## [[Wp/aig/Tobacco|Tobacco]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Health|Health]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Headache|Headache]] # [[Wp/aig/Immune system|Immune system]] # [[Wp/aig/Heart attack|Heart attack]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Malaria|Malaria]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Malnutrition|Malnutrition]] # [[Wp/aig/Menstruation|Menstruation]] # [[Wp/aig/Obesity|Obesity]] # [[Wp/aig/Pandemic|Pandemic]] # [[Wp/aig/Antibacterial|Antibacterial]] ## [[Wp/aig/Penicillin|Penicillin]] # [[Wp/aig/Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] # [[Wp/aig/Poliomyelitis|Poliomyelitis]] # [[Wp/aig/Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/AIDS|AIDS]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Stroke|Stroke]] # [[Wp/aig/Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[Wp/aig/Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Virus|Virus]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Influenza|Influenza]] ## [[Wp/aig/Smallpox|Smallpox]] ==== Aaganizim ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Aaganizim|Aaganizim]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Aanimal|Aanimal]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Nematode|Nematode]] ## [[Wp/aig/Mollusc|Mollusc]] ## [[Wp/aig/Arthropod|Arthropod]] ### '''[[Wp/aig/Insekt|Insekt]]''' ✓ #### [[Wp/aig/Ant|Ant]] #### [[Wp/aig/Bee|Bee]] #### [[Wp/aig/Mosquito|Mosquito]] ### [[Wp/aig/Spider|Spider]] ## Chordate ### '''[[Wp/aig/Amphibian|Amphibian]]''' ### '''[[Wp/aig/Bird|Bird]]''' #### [[Wp/aig/Chicken|Chicken]] #### [[Wp/aig/Pigeons and doves|Pigeons and doves]] ### '''[[Wp/aig/Fish|Fish]]''' #### [[Wp/aig/Shark|Shark]] ### '''[[Wp/aig/Mammal|Mammal]]''' #### [[Wp/aig/Camel|Camel]] #### [[Wp/aig/Cat|Cat]] #### [[Wp/aig/Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[Wp/aig/Dog|Dog]] #### [[Wp/aig/Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[Wp/aig/Horse|Horse]] #### [[Wp/aig/Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[Wp/aig/Rodent|Rodent]] #### [[Wp/aig/Domestic pig|Domestic pig]] #### [[Wp/aig/Primate|Primate]] ##### '''[[Wp/aig/Human|Human]]''' #### [[Wp/aig/Whales, dolphins and porpoises|Whales, dolphins and porpoises]] ### '''[[Wp/aig/Reptile|Reptile]]''' #### [[Wp/aig/Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] #### [[Wp/aig/Snake|Snake]] # [[Wp/aig/Archaea|Archaea]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Bacteria|Bacteria]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Fungus|Fungus]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Plant|Plant]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Flower|Flower]] ## [[Wp/aig/Tree|Tree]] # [[Wp/aig/Protist|Protist]] === Kemistri === # '''[[Wp/aig/Kemistri|Kemistri]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Inorganic chemistry|Inorganic chemistry]] # [[Wp/aig/Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[Wp/aig/Chemical compound|Chemical compound]] ## [[Wp/aig/Acid|Acid]] ## [[Wp/aig/Base (chemistry)|Base (chemistry)]] ## [[Wp/aig/Salt|Salt]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Chemical element|Chemical element]]''' ## '''[[Wp/aig/Periodic table|Periodic table]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Aluminium|Aluminium]] ## [[Wp/aig/Carbon|Carbon]] ## [[Wp/aig/Copper|Copper]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Gold|Gold]]''' ## '''[[Wp/aig/Hydrogen|Hydrogen]]''' ## '''[[Wp/aig/Iron|Iron]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] ## '''[[Wp/aig/Oxygen|Oxygen]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Silver|Silver]] ## [[Wp/aig/Tin|Tin]] # [[Wp/aig/Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] ## [[Wp/aig/Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[Wp/aig/Carbohydrate|Carbohydrate]] ## [[Wp/aig/Hormone|Hormone]] ## [[Wp/aig/Lipid|Lipid]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Molecule|Molecule]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Analytical chemistry|Analytical chemistry]] # [[Wp/aig/Physical chemistry|Physical chemistry]] === Urt saiens === # [[Wp/aig/Avalanche|Avalanche]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Klaymit|Klaymit]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/El Niño–Southern Oscillation|El Niño–Southern Oscillation]] ## [[Wp/aig/Global warming|Global warming]] # [[Wp/aig/Earthquake|Earthquake]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Jialaji|Jialaji]]''' ✓ ## '''[[Wp/aig/Minaral|Minaral]]''' ✓ ### [[Wp/aig/Diamond|Diamond]] ## [[Wp/aig/Plate tectonics|Plate tectonics]] ## [[Wp/aig/Rock|Rock]] # [[Wp/aig/Natural disaster|Natural disaster]] ## [[Wp/aig/Flood|Flood]] ## [[Wp/aig/Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[Wp/aig/Volcano|Volcano]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Wedda|Wedda]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Klaud|Klaud]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Rain|Rain]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sno|Sno]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Tornado|Tornado]] ## [[Wp/aig/Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] ## [[Wp/aig/Wind|Wind]] === Fizix === # '''[[Wp/aig/Fizix|Fizix]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Acceleration|Acceleration]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Atom|Atom]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Energy|Energy]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Conservation of energy|Conservation of energy]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Infrared|Infrared]] ## [[Wp/aig/Ultraviolet|Ultraviolet]] ## [[Wp/aig/Light|Light]] ### '''[[Wp/aig/Color|Color]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Classical mechanics|Classical mechanics]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Force|Force]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ### [[Wp/aig/Magnetic field|Magnetic field]] ## [[Wp/aig/Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[Wp/aig/Strong interaction|Strong interaction]] ## [[Wp/aig/Weak interaction|Weak interaction]] # [[Wp/aig/Magnet|Magnet]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Mass|Mass]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Metal|Metal]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Steel|Steel]] # [[Wp/aig/Nuclear fission|Nuclear fission]] # '''[[Wp/aig/State of matter|State of matter]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Gas|Gas]] ## [[Wp/aig/Liquid|Liquid]] ## [[Wp/aig/Plasma|Plasma]] ## [[Wp/aig/Solid|Solid]] # [[Wp/aig/Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[Wp/aig/Radioactive decay|Radioactive decay]] # '''[[Wp/aig/General relativity|General relativity]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Special relativity|Special relativity]] # [[Wp/aig/Semiconductor|Semiconductor]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Sound|Sound]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Velocity|Velocity]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Speed of light|Speed of light]] # [[Wp/aig/Temperature|Temperature]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Time|Time]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Thermodynamics|Thermodynamics]] # [[Wp/aig/Vacuum|Vacuum]] === Mezhament an yunit === # '''[[Wp/aig/Mezhament|Mezhament]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[Wp/aig/Litre|Litre]] # [[Wp/aig/Metre|Metre]] # [[Wp/aig/International System of Units|International System of Units]] # [[Wp/aig/Second|Second]] === Taymkeepin === # '''[[Wp/aig/Calendar|Calendar]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] # [[Wp/aig/Clock|Clock]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Day|Day]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Time zone|Time zone]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Year|Year]]''' === Fuudstaf === # '''[[Wp/aig/Food|Food]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Bread|Bread]] # [[Wp/aig/Cereal|Cereal]] ## [[Wp/aig/Barley|Barley]] ## [[Wp/aig/Maize|Maize]] ## [[Wp/aig/Oat|Oat]] ## [[Wp/aig/Rice|Rice]] ## [[Wp/aig/Rye|Rye]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sorghum|Sorghum]] ## [[Wp/aig/Wheat|Wheat]] # [[Wp/aig/Cheese|Cheese]] # [[Wp/aig/Chocolate|Chocolate]] # [[Wp/aig/Honey|Honey]] # [[Wp/aig/Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[Wp/aig/Apple|Apple]] ## [[Wp/aig/Banana|Banana]] ## [[Wp/aig/Grape|Grape]] ## [[Wp/aig/Soybean|Soybean]] ## [[Wp/aig/Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[Wp/aig/Nut (fruit)|Nut (fruit)]] # [[Wp/aig/Meat|Meat]] # [[Wp/aig/Sugar|Sugar]] # [[Wp/aig/Vegetable|Vegetable]] ## [[Wp/aig/Potato|Potato]] ==== Brevrij ==== # [[Wp/aig/Beer|Beer]] # [[Wp/aig/Coffee|Coffee]] # [[Wp/aig/Juice|Juice]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Milk|Milk]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Tea|Tea]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Water|Water]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Wine|Wine]] === Matimatik === # '''[[Wp/aig/Matmatix|Matmatix]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Aljebra|Aljebra]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Linea aljebra|Linea aljebra]] ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Aaritmetik|Aaritmetik]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Logarithm|Logarithm]] # [[Wp/aig/Coordinate system|Coordinate system]] # [[Wp/aig/Mathematical analysis|Mathematical analysis]] ## [[Wp/aig/Differential equation|Differential equation]] ## [[Wp/aig/Numerical analysis|Numerical analysis]] # [[Wp/aig/Equation|Equation]] # [[Wp/aig/Function (mathematics)|Function (mathematics)]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Jeeamitri|Jeeamitri]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Angle|Angle]] ## [[Wp/aig/Area|Area]] ## [[Wp/aig/Pi|Pi]] ## [[Wp/aig/Pythagorean theorem|Pythagorean theorem]] ## [[Wp/aig/Symmetry|Symmetry]] ## [[Wp/aig/Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] # [[Wp/aig/Mathematical proof|Mathematical proof]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Number|Number]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Complex number|Complex number]] ## [[Wp/aig/Number theory|Number theory]] # [[Wp/aig/Infinity|Infinity]] # [[Wp/aig/Set theory|Set theory]] # [[Wp/aig/Statistics|Statistics]] == Teknoloji == # '''[[Wp/aig/Technology|Technology]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Biotechnology|Biotechnology]] # [[Wp/aig/Clothing|Clothing]] ## [[Wp/aig/Cotton|Cotton]] # [[Wp/aig/Engineering|Engineering]] ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Machine|Machine]] ## [[Wp/aig/Robot|Robot]] ## [[Wp/aig/Screw|Screw]] ## [[Wp/aig/Wheel|Wheel]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Agriculture|Agriculture]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Irrigation|Irrigation]] ## [[Wp/aig/Plough|Plough]] # [[Wp/aig/Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[Wp/aig/Nanotechnology|Nanotechnology]] === Komyunikayshan === # '''[[Wp/aig/Komyunikayshan|Komyunikayshan]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Book|Book]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Information|Information]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Encyclopedia|Encyclopedia]] # [[Wp/aig/Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[Wp/aig/Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[Wp/aig/Mass media|Mass media]] # [[Wp/aig/Printing|Printing]] # [[Wp/aig/Telephone|Telephone]] === Ilektranik === # [[Wp/aig/Ilektranik|Ilektranik]] ## [[Wp/aig/Electric current|Electric current]] ## [[Wp/aig/Frequency|Frequency]] # Components ## [[Wp/aig/Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[Wp/aig/Inductor|Inductor]] ## [[Wp/aig/Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[Wp/aig/Diode|Diode]] ## [[Wp/aig/Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[Wp/aig/Transformer|Transformer]] ==== Kumpyuta an Intanet ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Kumpyuta|Kumpyuta]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Hard disk drive|Hard disk drive]] ## [[Wp/aig/Central processing unit|Central processing unit]] # [[Wp/aig/Artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]] # [[Wp/aig/Information technology|Information technology]] ## [[Wp/aig/Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[Wp/aig/Internet|Internet]] ## [[Wp/aig/Email|Email]] ## [[Wp/aig/World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] # [[Wp/aig/Operating system|Operating system]] # [[Wp/aig/Programming language|Programming language]] # [[Wp/aig/Software|Software]] === Enaji an fyuul === # [[Wp/aig/Renewable energy|Renewable energy]] # [[Wp/aig/Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[Wp/aig/Nuclear power|Nuclear power]] # [[Wp/aig/Fossil fuel|Fossil fuel]] # [[Wp/aig/Internal combustion engine|Internal combustion engine]] # [[Wp/aig/Steam engine|Steam engine]] # [[Wp/aig/Fire|Fire]] === Matiryal === # [[Wp/aig/Glass|Glass]] # [[Wp/aig/Paper|Paper]] # [[Wp/aig/Plastic|Plastic]] # [[Wp/aig/Wood|Wood]] === Transpoteishan === # [[Wp/aig/Transport|Transport]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Aircraft|Aircraft]] # [[Wp/aig/Automobile|Automobile]] # [[Wp/aig/Bicycle|Bicycle]] # [[Wp/aig/Submarine|Submarine]] # [[Wp/aig/Ship|Ship]] # [[Wp/aig/Train|Train]] === Weepin === # [[Wp/aig/Weepin|Weepin]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sword|Sword]] ## [[Wp/aig/Firearm|Firearm]] ### [[Wp/aig/Machine gun|Machine gun]] ## [[Wp/aig/Nuclear weapon|Nuclear weapon]] # [[Wp/aig/Tank|Tank]] # [[Wp/aig/Explosive material|Explosive material]] ## [[Wp/aig/Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] == Aatz an' rikrayshan == # '''[[Wp/aig/Culture|Culture]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Art|Art]]''' ✓ ## [[Wp/aig/Comics|Comics]] ## [[Wp/aig/Painting|Painting]] ## [[Wp/aig/Photography|Photography]] ## [[Wp/aig/Sculpture|Sculpture]] ## [[Wp/aig/Pottery|Pottery]] # [[Wp/aig/Dance|Dance]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Fashion|Fashion]] # [[Wp/aig/Theatre|Theatre]] # [[Wp/aig/Calligraphy|Calligraphy]] === Aakitekcha an sivil injineerin === # '''[[Wp/aig/Aakitekcha|Aakitekcha]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Arch|Arch]] # [[Wp/aig/Bridge|Bridge]] # [[Wp/aig/Canal|Canal]] # [[Wp/aig/Dam|Dam]] # [[Wp/aig/Dome|Dome]] # '''[[Wp/aig/House|House]]''' # Specific structures ## [[Wp/aig/Angkor Wat|Angkor Wat]] ## [[Wp/aig/Colosseum|Colosseum]] ## [[Wp/aig/Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] ## [[Wp/aig/Eiffel Tower|Eiffel Tower]] ## [[Wp/aig/Empire State Building|Empire State Building]] ## [[Wp/aig/Hagia Sophia|Hagia Sophia]] ## [[Wp/aig/Parthenon|Parthenon]] ## [[Wp/aig/Giza Necropolis|Giza Necropolis]] ## [[Wp/aig/St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's Basilica]] ## [[Wp/aig/Statue of Liberty|Statue of Liberty]] ## [[Wp/aig/Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] ## [[Wp/aig/Three Gorges Dam|Three Gorges Dam]] # [[Wp/aig/Pyramid|Pyramid]] # [[Wp/aig/Tower|Tower]] === Film, redio an televizhwan === # '''[[Wp/aig/Film|Film]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Animation|Animation]] ✓ ### [[Wp/aig/Anime|Anime]] <!-- popular influencial genre of Animation --> # '''[[Wp/aig/Radio|Radio]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Television|Television]]''' === Myuuzik === # '''[[Wp/aig/Myuuzik|Myuuzik]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Song|Song]] # Specific music genres ## [[Wp/aig/Blues|Blues]] ## [[Wp/aig/Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[Wp/aig/Opera|Opera]] ### [[Wp/aig/Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[Wp/aig/Electronic music|Electronic music]] ## [[Wp/aig/Flamenco|Flamenco]] ## [[Wp/aig/Hip hop|Hip hop]] ## [[Wp/aig/Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[Wp/aig/Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[Wp/aig/Rock music|Rock music]] ## [[Wp/aig/Samba|Samba]] # Specific musical instruments ## [[Wp/aig/Drum|Drum]] ## [[Wp/aig/Flute|Flute]] ## [[Wp/aig/Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[Wp/aig/Piano|Piano]] ## [[Wp/aig/Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[Wp/aig/Violin|Violin]] === Rikrayshan === # '''[[Wp/aig/Game|Game]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[Wp/aig/Chess|Chess]] ## [[Wp/aig/Go (game)|Go (game)]] # [[Wp/aig/Gambling|Gambling]] # [[Wp/aig/Martial arts|Martial arts]] ## [[Wp/aig/Karate|Karate]] ## [[Wp/aig/Judo|Judo]] # [[Wp/aig/Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Sport|Sport]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[Wp/aig/Auto racing|Auto racing]] ## [[Wp/aig/Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[Wp/aig/Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[Wp/aig/Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[Wp/aig/Association football|Association football]] ## [[Wp/aig/Golf|Golf]] ## [[Wp/aig/Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[Wp/aig/Tennis|Tennis]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Toy|Toy]]''' == Istory an' jiografi == === Istory === # '''[[Wp/aig/Istory|Istory]]''' ✓ ==== Prihistri an ensheint wurl ==== # [[Wp/aig/Prihistri|Prihistri]] # [[Wp/aig/Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[Wp/aig/Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[Wp/aig/Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[Wp/aig/Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]] # [[Wp/aig/Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[Wp/aig/Ancient Greece|Ancient Greece]] # [[Wp/aig/Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[Wp/aig/Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[Wp/aig/Gupta Empire|Gupta Empire]] ==== Midl Ejiz an Ooli Madan ==== # [[Wp/aig/Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Caliphate]] # [[Wp/aig/Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[Wp/aig/Aztec|Aztec]] # [[Wp/aig/Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[Wp/aig/Crusades|Crusades]] # [[Wp/aig/Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]] # [[Wp/aig/Hundred Years' War|Hundred Years' War]] # [[Wp/aig/Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[Wp/aig/Mongol Empire|Mongol Empire]] # [[Wp/aig/Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] # [[Wp/aig/Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[Wp/aig/Protestant Reformation|Protestant Reformation]] # [[Wp/aig/Thirty Years' War|Thirty Years' War]] # [[Wp/aig/Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[Wp/aig/Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[Wp/aig/Vikings|Vikings]] ==== Madan ==== # [[Wp/aig/Arab-Israeli conflict|Arab-Israeli conflict]] # [[Wp/aig/American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[Wp/aig/Apartheid|Apartheid]] # '''[[Wp/aig/British Empire|British Empire]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Cold War|Cold War]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]] # '''[[Wp/aig/French Revolution|French Revolution]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[Wp/aig/The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # [[Wp/aig/Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] <!-- most significant event in Japanese history --> # [[Wp/aig/Russian Revolution|Russian Revolution]] # [[Wp/aig/Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[Wp/aig/Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[Wp/aig/Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # '''[[Wp/aig/World War I|World War I]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/World War II|World War II]]''' === Jiografi === # '''[[Wp/aig/Jiografi|Jiografi]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Siti|Siti]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Kantinent|Kantinent]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Forest|Forest]] # [[Wp/aig/Mountain|Mountain]] # [[Wp/aig/Desert|Desert]] # [[Wp/aig/North Pole|North Pole]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Oushan|Oushan]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/River|River]] # '''[[Wp/aig/See|See]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/South Pole|South Pole]] ==== Kantinent an mejar rijan ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Aafrika|Aafrika]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Aantaktika|Aantaktika]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Aezha|Aezha]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Yurop|Yurop]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Middl Ees|Middl Ees]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Nawt Amerika|Nawt Amerika]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Ousheena|Ousheena]]''' ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Sout Amerika|Sout Amerika]]''' ✓ ==== Kawnchri ==== # [[Wp/aig/Afgaanistan|Afgaanistan]] # [[Wp/aig/Aljeeriya|Aljeeriya]] # [[Wp/aig/Aajenteena|Aajenteena]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Australeeya|Australeeya]] # [[Wp/aig/Ostriya|Ostriya]] # [[Wp/aig/Banglaadesh|Banglaadesh]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Braazil|Braazil]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Kanada|Kanada]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Chaina|Chaina]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Demokratik Repoblik a' de Kongo|Demokratik Repoblik a' de Kongo]] # [[Wp/aig/Kyuuba|Kyuuba]] # [[Wp/aig/Eejipt|Eejipt]] # [[Wp/aig/Itiopia|Itiopia]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Fraanse|Fraanse]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Jermany|Jermany]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Indiya|Indiya]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Indoneezya|Indoneezya]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Iraan|Iraan]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Iraak|Iraak]] # [[Wp/aig/Izree'l|Izree'l]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Itl'lee|Itl'lee]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Japaan|Japaan]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Mexiko|Mexiko]] # [[Wp/aig/Netalaan dem|Netalaan dem]] # [[Wp/aig/Nuu Zeelan|Nuu Zeelan]] # [[Wp/aig/Naijeeria|Naijeeria]] # [[Wp/aig/Pakisstan|Pakisstan]] # [[Wp/aig/Polaan|Polaan]] # [[Wp/aig/Porchigol|Porchigol]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Rosha|Rosha]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Saadi Arabiya|Saadi Arabiya]] # [[Wp/aig/Singapor|Singapor]] # [[Wp/aig/Sout' Afrika|Sout' Afrika]] # [[Wp/aig/Sout' Koreya|Sout' Koreya]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Spain|Spain]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Suudan|Suudan]] # [[Wp/aig/Switzalaan|Switzalaan]] # [[Wp/aig/Tanzaaniya|Tanzaaniya]] # [[Wp/aig/Tailaan|Tailaan]] # [[Wp/aig/Torki|Torki]] # [[Wp/aig/Yuukrayn|Yuukrayn]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Yunaitid Kingdam|Yunaitid Kingdam]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Yunaitid Steit dem|Yunaitid Steit dem]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Vatikan Siti|Vatikan Siti]] # [[Wp/aig/Veneswaila|Veneswaila]] # [[Wp/aig/Vyehnam|Vyehnam]] ==== Siti ==== # [[Wp/aig/Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] # [[Wp/aig/Athens|Athens]] # [[Wp/aig/Baghdad|Baghdad]] # [[Wp/aig/Bangkok|Bangkok]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Beijing|Beijing]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Berlin|Berlin]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Bogotá|Bogotá]] # [[Wp/aig/Brussels|Brussels]] # [[Wp/aig/Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]] # [[Wp/aig/Cairo|Cairo]] # [[Wp/aig/Cape Town|Cape Town]] # [[Wp/aig/Damascus|Damascus]] # [[Wp/aig/Delhi|Delhi]] # [[Wp/aig/Dhaka|Dhaka]] # [[Wp/aig/Dubai|Dubai]] # [[Wp/aig/Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[Wp/aig/Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[Wp/aig/Jakarta|Jakarta]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Karachi|Karachi]] # [[Wp/aig/Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] # [[Wp/aig/Kolkata|Kolkata]] # [[Wp/aig/Lagos|Lagos]] # '''[[Wp/aig/London|London]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Los Angeles|Los Angeles]] # [[Wp/aig/Madrid|Madrid]] # [[Wp/aig/Mecca|Mecca]] # [[Wp/aig/Mexico City|Mexico City]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Moscow|Moscow]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Mumbai|Mumbai]] # [[Wp/aig/Nairobi|Nairobi]] # '''[[Wp/aig/New York City|New York City]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Paris|Paris]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Rome|Rome]]''' # '''[[Wp/aig/Saint Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]]''' # [[Wp/aig/São Paulo|São Paulo]] # [[Wp/aig/Seoul|Seoul]] # [[Wp/aig/Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[Wp/aig/Sydney|Sydney]] # [[Wp/aig/Tehran|Tehran]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Tokyo|Tokyo]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Vienna|Vienna]] # [[Wp/aig/Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] ==== Badi a waata ==== # '''[[Wp/aig/Amazon River|Amazon River]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Arctic Ocean|Arctic Ocean]] ✓ # '''[[Wp/aig/Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]''' ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Baltic Sea|Baltic Sea]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Black Sea|Black Sea]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Caribbean Sea|Caribbean Sea]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Caspian Sea|Caspian Sea]] ✓ # [[Wp/aig/Congo River|Congo River]] # [[Wp/aig/Danube|Danube]] # [[Wp/aig/Ganges|Ganges]] # [[Wp/aig/Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]] # [[Wp/aig/Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Indus River|Indus River]] # [[Wp/aig/Lake Baikal|Lake Baikal]] # [[Wp/aig/Lake Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] # [[Wp/aig/Lake Victoria|Lake Victoria]] # [[Wp/aig/Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] # [[Wp/aig/Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # [[Wp/aig/Niger River|Niger River]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Nile|Nile]]''' # [[Wp/aig/North Sea|North Sea]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]''' # [[Wp/aig/Panama Canal|Panama Canal]] # [[Wp/aig/Rhine|Rhine]] # [[Wp/aig/Suez Canal|Suez Canal]] # [[Wp/aig/Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] # [[Wp/aig/Volga River|Volga River]] # [[Wp/aig/Yangtze River|Yangtze River]] # [[Wp/aig/Yellow River|Yellow River]] ==== Mauntin an dezat ==== # [[Wp/aig/Alps|Alps]] # [[Wp/aig/Andes|Andes]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Himalayas|Himalayas]]''' ## [[Wp/aig/Mount Everest|Mount Everest]] # [[Wp/aig/Mount Kilimanjaro|Mount Kilimanjaro]] # [[Wp/aig/Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountains]] # '''[[Wp/aig/Sahara|Sahara]]''' [[Category:Wp/aig|*]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5460604}} g3ga971t8zuuqvf03gcvdksrg9mi2xk 0 3573462 6706987 6698518 2025-07-10T17:35:01Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q25840904}} '''Samuel Sunday Jemigbon''' (hya makur 4, 1934–hya kwa 17, fa 2009) ndgya Nigerian [[Wp/mrt/Christian|Christian]] clergyman ndra dagaaga Chairman ni Lagos sau muthu, Western/Northern Area (LAWNA) Territory ba [[Wp/mrt/Vice-President|Vice-President]] ni [[Wp/mrt/Apostolic Church|Apostolic Church]]. ==Rayuwa== ==tau== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q25840904}} g9zpig6zvmtapzsehepli7dxnry62hh 0 3573875 6707383 6705754 2025-07-11T09:34:43Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|thumb|right|250px| Horugva Sudana]] {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republic of the Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = {{Wp/isv/Native name|ar|جمهورية السودان|italics=off}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/Transl|ar|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{Wp/isv/Native name|ar|النصر لنا|italics=off}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = {{Wp/isv/Native name|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن|italics=off}}<br />''[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]''<br />({{Wp/isv/Lang-en|"We Are the Soldiers of God, the Soldiers of the Nation"}})<br /> {{Wp/isv/Parabr}}{{Wp/isv/Center|[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]}} | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] jfg90uj65lo908ymphuigt0cd45zrvr 6707384 6707383 2025-07-11T09:36:48Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|thumb|right|250px| Horugva Sudana]] {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{Wp/isv/Native name|ar|النصر لنا|italics=off}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = {{Wp/isv/Native name|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن|italics=off}}<br />''[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]''<br />({{Wp/isv/Lang-en|"We Are the Soldiers of God, the Soldiers of the Nation"}})<br /> {{Wp/isv/Parabr}}{{Wp/isv/Center|[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]}} | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] nrtn3fkgopi9dog36rjnifenwbzsfi8 6707385 6707384 2025-07-11T09:41:18Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />("My jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda")<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] kwa0sqbrfzxbd3j3lzmp4he23agcu8a 6707386 6707385 2025-07-11T09:42:18Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />("My jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda")<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] f6qsc357dto4s7r4kkhz24crt5nzz0w 6707387 6707386 2025-07-11T09:42:55Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />("My jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda")<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] t51qq1gag4dj68vpvemcjws16x0pjes 6707388 6707387 2025-07-11T09:43:35Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />"My jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda"<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] smpceidffbj95qk4mwrvzob8g26hcmo 6707389 6707388 2025-07-11T09:44:12Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = {{Wp/isv/Hlist |Arabic|English}} | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] fwimmgt2vqijtlv00cod37eyanxwb68 6707390 6707389 2025-07-11T09:46:58Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federation|Federal]] [[Wp/isv/Presidential system|presidential]] [[Wp/isv/Republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] s36t0cs60o4rf20ejunelkzaepx5kmy 6707510 6707390 2025-07-11T11:03:13Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = {{Wp/isv/IncreaseNeutral}} 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (disputed)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202nd | GDP_PPP = $177.678 billion<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 billion<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170th | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanese pound|Sudanese pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] 98tpcwc3ske5vhqaj70wpp3vyvg5xze 6707521 6707510 2025-07-11T11:06:10Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanskz funt|Sudanskz funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] 959wkiawcsdbhegx2jj0pns8hui9e00 6707529 6707521 2025-07-11T11:09:29Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudansky funt|Sudansky funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] jojxrmokvt1f04s3o15icy1ojyunahs 6707532 6707529 2025-07-11T11:14:21Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[:en:Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudansky funt|Sudansky funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[:en:Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' is a country in [[Wp/isv/Africa|Africa]]. The official name of Sudan is '''The Republic of the Sudan'''. Its [[Wp/isv/Capital (city)|capital]] and largest city is [[Wp/isv/Khartoum|Khartoum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|İslam]] is its biggest religion in this country. == Geography == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] ek2zl8gs2v36ez82n142u0yh00wca8t 6707541 6707532 2025-07-11T11:19:35Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[:en:Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudansky funt|Sudansky funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[:en:Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} '''Sudan''' jest država v [[Wp/isv/Afrika|Afrikě]]. Služebna nazva državy jest '''Republika Sudan'''. Jej [[Wp/isv/Stolica|glavnym gradom]] jest [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]]. [[Wp/isv/Islam|Islam]] jest največšoju religijeju v krajině. == Zemjepis == Sudan [[Wp/isv/Borders|borders]] by [[Wp/isv/Egypt|Egypt]] to the north, [[Wp/isv/Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Wp/isv/Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] to the east, [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] to the south, the [[Wp/isv/Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Wp/isv/Chad|Chad]] to the west, and [[Wp/isv/Libya|Libya]] to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the [[Wp/isv/Red Sea|Red Sea]]. Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of {{Wp/isv/Convert|1,861,484|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |work=cia.gov |year=2011|accessdate=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The [[Wp/isv/Nile|Nile]] flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and [[Wp/isv/Ethnic group|ethnic group]]<nowiki/>s, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent. == Culture == [[File:Simple house of sudanese nomad family.jpg|thumb|260px|House of a Sudanese nomad family]] People from Sudan are called '''Sudanese'''. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sudan-population/|access-date=2022-05-03|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> [[Wp/isv/Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. [[Wp/isv/Beja language|Beja]] and [[Wp/isv/Hausa language|Hausa]] are other [[Wp/isv/Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic languages]] that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main [[Wp/isv/Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan languages]] spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former [[Wp/isv/Colony|colony]] of [[Wp/isv/Great Britain|Great Britain]], English is also spoken throughout the country.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html|access-date=2022-05-03|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are [[Wp/isv/Muslims|Muslims]], mostly [[Wp/isv/Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=North Sudanese Culture|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/north-sudanese-culture/north-sudanese-culture-religion|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}</ref> The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web|title=Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sdp.asp|access-date=2022-05-03|website=Investopedia|language=en}}</ref> == War == For several years, the [[Wp/isv/Darfur conflict|Darfur conflict]] has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it. == Related pages == *[[Wp/isv/States of Sudan|States of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/List of rivers of Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan at the Olympics|Sudan at the Olympics]] *[[Wp/isv/Sudan national football team|Sudan national football team]] *[[Wp/isv/Muhammed Ahmed|Muhammed Ahmed]], the Mahdi ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka osoba | name = Lěši |honorific suffix=<center>[[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodin|Duh-gospodin]]<br/> Lěsny duh | misc = '''Krajina''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wp/isv/Slovjansky svět|Slovjansky svět]] | image = [[File:Leshy (1906).jpg|thumb|290px|Rysunok [[Wp/isv/N. Brut|N. Брутa]] s obložky časopisa «[[Wp/isv/Lěši (časopis)|Lěši]]», 1906]] | alt = [[Wp/isv/Duh-gospodar|duh-gospodar]] [[Wp/isv/Lěs|lěsa]] }} [[FIle:A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kapka vody, demonstracija [[Wp/isv/Povrhnostnogo napruženja|povrhnostnogo napruženja]]]] [[FIle:Triclinic.svg|frameless|right|50px]]] {{Wp/isv/Kartka vodorod}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|H2}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|C2H5OH}}}} {{Wp/isv/-|{{Wp/isv/Hem2|Ca(OH)2}}}} | '''[[Wp/isv/Pritisk para|Pritisk para]]'''{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }}}}<!-- -->}} | data64 ={{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} | '''Pritisk para'''{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Wp/isv/Center block|1={{Wp/isv/Kartka element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }}}} '''Fizična hemija''' jest nauka, ktora [[Wp/isv/Fizika|fizičnymi]] metodami izučaje strukturu i svojstva hemičnyh substancij, kolikostne rednosti i mehanizmy [[Wp/isv/Hemija|hemičnyh]] procesov.<ref name="Semiohin">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Семиохин|first1=И. А.|url=https://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/teaching/semiochin/physchim.pdf|title=Физичeская химия: Учебник|date=2001|publisher=Изд-во МГУ|isbn=5-211-03516-X|location=М.|pages=272 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavnymi razdělami fizičnoj hemiji sut hemična termodinamika i hemična kinetika. Zakladateljem fizičnoj hemiji mnet [[Wp/isv/Mihail Lomonosov|Mihajla Vasiljeviča Lomonosova]], ktory prvo na světe (r. 1752) začal učiti kurs fizičnoj hemiji i definoval fizičnu hemiju kako nauku, ktora "objasnjaje na osnově položenij i opytov fizičnyh pričinu togo, čto proizhodi pri hemničnyh operacijah v směšanyh tělah"<ref name="Semiohin" /> == Hemična Termodinamika == '''Hemična termodinamika''' jest razděl fizičnoj hemije, studujuči procesy vzajemodějstv substancij metodami termodinamiki, ravnovažne i neravnovažne. Priměnenje termodinamičnogo podhoda k hemičnym reakcijam jest osnovano na tom, že v fundamentalnom uravnjenju Gibsa kako prěměnne jest možlivo koristati kak masy ili kolikosti nezavislyh komponentov, jestli uslovija problema ne trěbujut podrobnogo razgleda hemičnoj ravnovagi, tak i masy (kolikosti) sostavnyh substancij zajedno s uravnjenjami svezi, opisyvajučimi hemične reakcije, kogda jest potrěbno podrobno opisanje hemičnoj ravnovagi.<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Борщевский|first1=А. Я.|title=Физическая химия. Том 1 online. Общая и химическая термодинамика|location=М.|publisher=Инфра-М|year =2017|pages=868 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|series=Высшее образование: Бакалавриат|isbn=978-5-16-104227-4|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite book|last1=Путилов|first1= К. А.|title=Термодинамика|editor-last1=Карапетьянц|editor-first1=М. Х.|location=М.|publisher=Наука|year=1971|pages=376 {{Wp/isv/-|с}}.|no-pp=yes}}</ref> Glavni směry himičnoj termodinamiki sut: * Klasična hemična termodinamika, kotra izucaje termodinamičnu ravnovagu voobče. * Termohemija, ktora izučaje energetične efekty, suprovadžajuči hemične reakcije. * Teorija raztvorov, modelujuča termodinamične svojstva substanciji vslěd představjenij o molekularnoj strukture i danyh medžumolekularnom vzajemodějstvu. == Hemična kinetika == Hemična kinetika izučaje bystrost tečenja hemičnyh procesov rovnako v homogennyh (sostavjenyh iz jednoj fazy) i heterogennyh (sostavjenyh iz několik faz) sistemah, v zamknutom objemu i v potoku, a takože vplyv vnešnjih uslovij na bystrost i mehanizm reakcij.<ref name="Semiohin" /> K razdělam fizičnoj hemiji takože često odnoset elektrohemiju i něktore druge susědne razděly. == Referencije == {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} {{Wp/isv/Prěvod|ru|Физическая химия|}} <!--{{Prěvod|ru|Химическая термодинамика|}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Hemija]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11372}}--> [[Category:Wp/isv]] t0wjxa78jjfgqj1o2zcs2yaj2u2bcl3 10 3579673 6707380 6586794 2025-07-11T09:20:58Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Пан Хаунд 2 moved page [[Wq/ms/Template:!]] to [[Template:Wq/ms/!]] 6586794 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wq/ms/!/doc}} [[Category:Wq/ms]] [[Category:Wq/ms/Templat templat|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 4esvi7ksnr2i1z7x5jy8cjk6nrb2qfk 0 3581083 6707066 6590546 2025-07-10T19:33:54Z 5.51.122.195 6707066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Twice in a showcase on April 9, 2018 (2).jpg|thumb|TWICE]] '''TWICE''' nyu yeh sa nagarpatao South Korean girl group kung hu palibik pak hagait kung semarei ni urang éw lac gah binah JYP Entertainment. Mâng kajaik semnuannyu October 20 salahut mbiah tel thun 2015, hadlau mâng dipâng-puak dan pluak mâk oléh 9 members : Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Momo, Sana, Jihyo, Mina, Dahyun, Chaeyoung, Tzuyu. == HALAMAN TERKAIT == * [[Wp/cjm/Mâng diskografi TWICE|Mâng diskografi TWICE]] Diskografi South Korean girl group * [[Wp/cjm/Yes or Yes|Yes or Yes]] 2018 EP * [[Wp/cjm/Stray Kids|Stray Kids]] South Korean boy band [[Category:Wp/cjm]] 2o550ta11amvpo1pteqrgfam4gcpdfw 6707097 6707066 2025-07-10T19:41:11Z 5.51.122.195 /* RENCANA BERKAITAN */ 6707097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Twice in a showcase on April 9, 2018 (2).jpg|thumb|TWICE]] '''TWICE''' nyu yeh sa nagarpatao South Korean girl group kung hu palibik pak hagait kung semarei ni urang éw lac gah binah JYP Entertainment. Mâng kajaik semnuannyu October 20 salahut mbiah tel thun 2015, hadlau mâng dipâng-puak dan pluak mâk oléh 9 members : Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Momo, Sana, Jihyo, Mina, Dahyun, Chaeyoung, Tzuyu. == RENCANA BERKAITAN == * [[Wp/cjm/Mâng diskografi TWICE|Mâng diskografi TWICE]] Diskografi South Korean girl group * [[Wp/cjm/Yes or Yes|Yes or Yes]] 2018 EP * [[Wp/cjm/Stray Kids|Stray Kids]] South Korean boy band [[Category:Wp/cjm]] 1va895pvcn0cxn4v2xgvym6qsiwcf4h 0 3581729 6707078 6592420 2025-07-10T19:36:16Z 5.51.122.195 6707078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:191216 Stray Kids for JYP Entertainment Audition (1).png|thumb|Stray Kids]] '''Stray Kids''' nyu yeh sa nagarpatao South Korean boy group kung hu palibik pak hagait kung semarei ni urang éw lac gah binah JYP Entertainment. Mâng kajaik semnuannyu salahut mbiah tel thun 2017, hadlau mâng dipâng-puak dan pluak mâk oléh 8 members : Bang Chan, Lee Know, Changbin, Hyunjin, Han, Felix, Seungmin, I.N. == HALAMAN TERKAIT == * [[Wp/cjm/TWICE|TWICE]] Women group oléh South Korea * [[Wp/cjm/Hatsune Miku|Hatsune Miku]] Japanese vocalist * [[Wp/cjm/JKT48|JKT48]] Indonesian female idol group [[Category:Wp/cjm]] evjg07bhb9ajk04sgk7j6q1pskewq8l 6707099 6707078 2025-07-10T19:41:23Z 5.51.122.195 6707099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:191216 Stray Kids for JYP Entertainment Audition (1).png|thumb|Stray Kids]] '''Stray Kids''' nyu yeh sa nagarpatao South Korean boy group kung hu palibik pak hagait kung semarei ni urang éw lac gah binah JYP Entertainment. Mâng kajaik semnuannyu salahut mbiah tel thun 2017, hadlau mâng dipâng-puak dan pluak mâk oléh 8 members : Bang Chan, Lee Know, Changbin, Hyunjin, Han, Felix, Seungmin, I.N. == RENCANA BERKAITAN == * [[Wp/cjm/TWICE|TWICE]] Women group oléh South Korea * [[Wp/cjm/Hatsune Miku|Hatsune Miku]] Japanese vocalist * [[Wp/cjm/JKT48|JKT48]] Indonesian female idol group [[Category:Wp/cjm]] 4nfc2f0ybvslsyi6p723drml2jgtwjd 0 3583698 6707181 6692442 2025-07-10T20:45:17Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Susana Adam|'''Susana Adam''']] ‘yar siyasar kasar Ghana ce wacce tayi aiki a matsayin mamba ta majalisar mazabar West Mamprusi daga shekarar 1997 zuwa 2001. Ta tsaya takarar kujerar West Mamprusi a kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress (NDC) a lokacin zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na 1996 kuma ta samu kuri'u 23,021 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 63% na dukkan kuri'un da aka kada. A lokacin zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na shekara ta 2000, ta sha kaye a hannun Issifu Asumah na jam'iyyar PNC. Ta samu kuri'u 12,735 (37.3%) yayin da Asumah ta samu kuri'u 18,907 (55.4%). A shekara ta 2004, duk da cewa ta samu goyon baya sosai daga jam'iyyar NDC mai aminci kafin zaben gama gari, Alidu Iddrisu Zakari ya wakilci jam'iyyar domin ya tsaya takarar sabuwar kujerar Walewale ta gabas da aka kirkiro a lokacin. Sakamakon haka Zakari ya doke Issifu Asumah a zaben majalisar dokokin kasar a shekara ta 2004. == Zantuka == * Ba niyya ta bace in bayar da cikakken tarihin rayuwa da halayen abokiyar mu wacce ake tsananin girmamawa da jimaminta Mrs. Adams. Rayuwarta ta fuskoki daban daban yana da abubuwan mamaki. ** [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/26422252-a-tribute-to-the-memory-of-mrs-susannah-adams] Tabarbarewar Tunawa da Misis Susannah Adams: Gwauruwar Marigayi Hon. Benj; Adams, na Uxbridge, Wanda Ya Mutu Oct; 13, 1840, Shekara 73; Kuma na Miss. Sarah ... na Uxbridge, Wanda Ya Mutu Oct; 12 ga Nuwamba, 1840, shekara 17 *Wannan shi ne abin da aka rage siyasa da neman mukaman gwamnati? Me ya sa ‘yan Ghana suka rage dimokuradiyyarmu zuwa “GUTTER” me ya sa ba za mu yi koyi da tsofaffin shugabanninmu da gogaggun tsoffin shugabanninmu ba kamar yadda Mai shari’a D.F Anna na Marigayi Buwumia, Dr P.V. Obengs,Mr.Chris Hesse's da sauransu ba a ambata a nan ba saboda lokacin tururuwa. Ta yaya za mu yi kasa-kasa, ta hanyar kallon abokan adawar siyasa a matsayin makiya. Mu mutane daya ne masu makoma ta musamman kuma muna fafutukar ganin mun daukaka da karfi ta hanyar albarkar Ubangiji kamar yadda taken kasarmu ya fada daidai. Ta yaya za mu iya daidaita dan Ghana mai daraja da wani biri Nana Addo Danquah, mai rike da tutar babbar jam'iyyar da ke kara kuzarin dimokuradiyyar mu. Jama'ar Ghana tare da ni, muna bukatar mu kau da kai daga wadannan ayyukan da ke raba mu maimakon hada kan mu kasa. Wadannan ayyuka na rashin da’a ne ya sa mata duk da cewa suna da gogewa da himma wajen samar da dauwamammen ci gaba da sauyi ba za su tsaya takarar mukaman gwamnati ba, kuma su zama abokan hadin gwiwa masu inganci wajen yanke shawarar al’ummarmu. ** [https://www.facebook.com/100013190295662/posts/165129630603379/?mibextid=rS40aB7S9Ucbxw6v] [[Category:Wq/ha]] 5uz6suiuqwjqz7yvrjt3m3cm3jyl6df 10 3584197 6706990 6600252 2025-07-10T17:35:44Z Mah3110 1701428 6706990 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="content infobox" style="text-align:center !important; float:right; width:294px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%; background-color:#fff !important; line-height: 1.1em; border-spacing: 5px; border-collapse: separate; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-spacing: 5px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #7DA7D9; color: #000; font-size:150%; height: 43px; font-weight: bolder;" | '''{{{titre}}}''' |- |-class="hiddenStructure{{{image|}}}" | style="background:#FFFFFF;" align="center" colspan="2" | 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{{tl|Cite medRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite SSRN}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{tl|Cite AV media}} * {{tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{tl|Cite episode}} * {{tl|Cite podcast}} * {{tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} {{INTERWIKI|Q14447533}} </noinclude> 4yt0oo74eh1s4s3pupcfqdhuuhwtszw 0 3592412 6706983 6686767 2025-07-10T17:33:37Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 /* Life */ 6706983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q101828099}} Paul Sambo (nji yanyi hya tan 27, 1976) ndgya Nigerian [[Wp/mrt/Kannywood|Kannywood]] ba [[Wp/mrt/Nollywood actor|Nollywood actor]] ba [[Wp/mrt/Filmmaker|Filmmaker]]. ==Rayuwa== Sambo nji yanyi [[Wp/mrt/Bauchi State|Bauchi State]], [[Wp/mrt/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. a hirja Lami Daniel tun March 2012.[2] daga ndi hir dzau bandi uyandiya kwa a shilo familir daor September 17, 2015.[3] naja, hoda yake a darja jo yu TV presenter, Juliet Chidinma Mgborukwe, kwa rando chika biyau filmingya ja or time. ==Career == He was featured as "Mr. Brown" in [[Wp/mrt/Ikechukwu Onyeka|Ikechukwu Onyeka]]'s 2012 romantic film, ''[[Wp/mrt/Mr. and Mrs. (2012 film)|Mr. and Mrs.]]'', also featuring [[Wp/mrt/Nse Ikpe Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]], [[Wp/mrt/Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]], [[Wp/mrt/Thelma Okoduwa|Thelma Okoduwa]], Paul Apel.<ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5465742/ |title=Mr and Mrs (2012) |publisher=[[Wp/mrt/IMDb|IMDb]] |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> In 2014, he was featured in [[Wp/mrt/Stephanie Okereke|Stephanie Okereke]]'s film on [[Wp/mrt/VVF|VVF]] titled, ''[[Wp/mrt/Dry (2014 film)|Dry]]'', which also starred [[Wp/mrt/Nollywood|Nollywood]]'s and starring [[Wp/mrt/Liz Benson|Liz Benson]], American actor, [[Wp/mrt/William McNamara|William McNamara]] and British actor, [[Wp/mrt/Darwin Shaw|Darwin Shaw]].<ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dry-ben-murray-bruce-charles-novia-charley-boy-attend-abuja-premiere/cffr74q |title=Ben Murray Bruce, Charles Novia, Charley Boy attend Abuja premiere |date=August 17, 2015 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> He was featured in [[Wp/mrt/Kemi Adetiba|Kemi Adetiba]]'s 2018 [[Wp/mrt/Political thriller film|political thriller film]], ''[[Wp/mrt/King of Boys|King of Boys]]'', also featuring [[Wp/mrt/Adesua Etomi|Adesua Etomi]], [[Wp/mrt/Sola Sobowale|Sola Sobowale]], [[Wp/mrt/Reminisce (rapper)|Reminisce]], [[Wp/mrt/Illbliss|Illbliss]], [[Wp/mrt/Osas Ighodaro|Osas Ighodaro]], [[Wp/mrt/Omoni Oboli|Omoni Oboli]], [[Wp/mrt/Akin Lewis|Akin Lewis]].<ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/291872-photos-nollywood-stars-storm-king-of-boys-premiere.html |title=PHOTOS: Nollywood stars storm 'King of Boys' Premiere |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=October 22, 2018 |publisher=Premium Times |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://thewhistler.ng/nollywood-movie-king-of-boys-to-premiere-october-21/ |title=Nollywood Movie 'King Of Boys' To Premiere October 21 |last=Emmanuel |first=Esther |date=September 4, 2018 |publisher=The Whistler |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> He was starred in [[Wp/mrt/Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]]'s [[Wp/mrt/Political thriller|political thriller]] [[Wp/mrt/TV Series|TV Series]], ''[[Wp/mrt/Sons of the Caliphate|Sons of the Caliphate]]'', in which he played the role of "Khalifa".<ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/sons-of-the-caliphate-season-finale-of-northern-political-drama-to-air-tonight/4w7e5cy |title=Season finale of Northern political drama to air tonight |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=January 5, 2017 |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt10202268/ |title=Sons of the Caliphate (2018 - ) |publisher=[[Wp/mrt/IMDb|IMDb]] |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/ng/title/81164143?preventIntent=true |title=Sons of the Caliphate |publisher=[[Wp/mrt/Netflix|Netflix]] |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- |2023 |''Lahira'' |Major Dino |TV Series | |- |2023 |''The Plan'' |Tanko |TV Mini Series | |- |2022 |''Foreigner's God'' |Ayke |Drama/Fantasy/Mystery | |- |2021 |''[[Wp/mrt/King of Boys: The Return of the King|King of Boys: The Return of the King]]'' |Nurudeen Gobir |Crime / Drama | |- |2020 |''[[Wp/mrt/The Good Husband|The Good Husband]]'' |Ahmed |Drama | |- | 2019 | ''Love Is Not Just Enough'' | Actor | Trailer | <ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Love-Just-Enough-Esther-Audu/dp/B08FR79GKH |title=Love Is Not Just Enough |publisher=Amazon |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> |- | 2018 - | ''[[Wp/mrt/Sons of the Caliphate|Sons of the Caliphate]]'' | Actor (''Khalifa'') | Political thriller Television Series | |- | 2018 | ''[[Wp/mrt/King of Boys|King of Boys]]'' | Actor (Nurudeen Gobir) | Crime political thriller | |- |2017 |''Too Late'' |Mr. Gideon |Short | |- |2016 |''Jacob's Mansion'' | |Comedy | |- |2015 |''Behind the Curtains'' |Ice |Drama | |- | 2014 | ''[[Wp/mrt/Dry (2014 film)|Dry]]'' | Actor (Dr. Londi) |Drama | |- |rowspan=2|2012 | ''[[Wp/mrt/Mr. and Mrs. (2012 film)|Mr. and Mrs.]]'' | Actor (''Mr. Brown'') |Drama/Family/Romance | |- | ''Ebube'' | Actor | | <ref>{{Wp/mrt/Cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckqFDwAAQBAJ&q=paul+sambo&pg=PA24 |title=Interrogating Behavior Modifications through Nollywood: The Paradigm of Mercy Johnson's Influence on Fans |author=Okwuowulu, Charles |journal=International Journal of Integrative Humanism |volume=10 |issue=2 |date=December 2018 |publisher=Department of Classics and Philosophy University of Cape Coast, Ghana |access-date=November 7, 2020 |page=24|isbn=9780244732691 }}</ref> |- |2011 |''Ladies Gang'' |Kelvin |Drama | |} ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== {{Wp/mrt/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q101828099}} 0zlddnej84bk0f1j4hyn22or5ixo3sx 0 3596546 6707044 6643026 2025-07-10T19:25:40Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707044 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Sunda''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Basa Sunda<br> ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ<br>بَاسَا سُوْندَا |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Word Sunda in Sundanese Script SVG Version.svg|200px]] |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | [basa sʊnda]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite book |title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook |last=Bauer |first=Laurie |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wp/nij/Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]] |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of West Java (vectorised).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]<br>[[File:Flag of Banten, Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Banten|Banten]] <br>[[File:Flag of Jakarta (vectorised).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Jakarta|Jakarta]] <br>[[File:Flag of Province of Central Java.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Jawa Bentuk|Jawa Bentuk]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 32.000.000 (2015)<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sun Sundanese at Ethnologue]</ref> |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Sunda|Sunda]]</li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Sunda|Surat Sunda]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Pegon|Surat Pegon]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | su |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | sun |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | sun |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | sund1252 |- ! Linguasphere | colspan=2 | 31-MFN-a |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]]Kutak Sunda ingklasifikan sabagai kutak aman atawa dia tarancam (NE) |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Sundanese language distribution.svg|350px]] |} '''Kutak Sunda''' (''basa Sunda'', ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ) iete kutak je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Sunda|uluh Sunda]] melai pulau [[Wp/nij/Jawa|Jawa]], [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]. Panutur kutak Sunda hong sensus nyelo 2015 tege 32.000.000 panutur. ==Rumpun kutak== Kutak jituh tantame huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Melayu-Polinesia|rumpun kutak Melayu-Polinesia]], iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Jawa|kutak Jawa]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Madura|kutak Madura]]. ==Sistem Panyurat== Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]], [[Wp/nij/Surat Pegon|Surat Pegon]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Sunda|Surat Sunda]]. ===Surat Latin=== {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- align="center" !Surat Hai |[[Wp/nij/A|A]] |[[Wp/nij/B|B]] |[[Wp/nij/C|C]] |[[Wp/nij/D|D]] |<center>[[Wp/nij/É|É]]<center> |[[Wp/nij/E|E]] |[[Wp/nij/Diaresis#Ö|EU]] |[[Wp/nij/F|F]] |[[Wp/nij/G|G]] |[[Wp/nij/H|H]] |[[Wp/nij/I|I]] |<center>[[Wp/nij/J|J]]<center> |[[Wp/nij/K|K]] |[[Wp/nij/L|L]] |[[Wp/nij/M|M]] |[[Wp/nij/N|N]] |[[Wp/nij/O|O]] |[[Wp/nij/P|P]] |[[Wp/nij/Q|Q]] |[[Wp/nij/R|R]] |[[Wp/nij/S|S]] |[[Wp/nij/T|T]] |[[Wp/nij/U|U]] |[[Wp/nij/V|V]] |[[Wp/nij/W|W]] |[[Wp/nij/X|X]] |[[Wp/nij/Y|Y]] |[[Wp/nij/Z|Z]] |- align="center" !Surat Kurik |a |b |c |d |é |e |eu |f |g |h |i |j |k |l |m |n |o |p |q |r |s |t |u |v |w |x |y |z |- align="center" !IPA |a |b |tʃ |d |e, ɛ |ə |ɤ |f |g |h |i |dʒ |k |l |m |n |o |p |k |r |s |t |u |v~f |w |ks |j |z |} ===Surat Sunda=== {| class="wikitable" |+Konsonan |ᮊ ''ka'' IPA: /ka/ |ᮌ ''ga'' IPA: /ga/ |ᮍ ''nga'' IPA: /ŋa/ |ᮎ ''ca'' IPA: /t͜ɕa/ |ᮏ ''ja'' IPA: /d͜ʑa/ |ᮑ ''nya'' IPA: /ɲa/ |- |ᮒ ''ta'' IPA: /ta/ |ᮓ ''da'' IPA: /da/ |ᮔ ''na'' IPA: /na/ |ᮕ ''pa'' IPA: /pa/ |ᮘ ''ba'' IPA: /ba/ |ᮙ ''ma'' IPA: /ma/ |- |ᮚ ''ya'' IPA: /ja/ |ᮛ ''ra'' IPA: /ra/ |ᮜ ''la'' IPA: /la/ |ᮝ ''wa'' IPA: /wa/ |ᮞ ''sa'' IPA: /sa/ |ᮠ ''ha'' IPA: /ha/ |- |ᮖ ''fa'' IPA: /fa/ |ᮋ ''qa'' IPA: /ka~qa/ |ᮗ ''va'' IPA: /fa~va/ |ᮟ ''xa'' IPA: /sa/,/ksa/ |ᮐ ''za'' IPA: /za/ |ᮮ ''kha'' IPA: /ħa/,/xa/ |} {| class="wikitable" |+Vokal |ᮃ ''a'' IPA: /a/ |ᮆ ''é'' IPA: /ɛ/ |ᮄ ''i'' IPA: /i/ |ᮇ ''o'' IPA: /ɔ/ |ᮅ ''u'' IPA: /u/ |ᮈ ''e'' IPA: /ə/ |ᮉ ''eu'' IPA: /ɤ/ | |- | |◌ᮦ |◌ᮤ |◌ᮧ |◌ ᮥ |◌ ᮨ |◌ ᮩ |<nowiki>-◌᮪</nowiki> |- |ᮊ ''ka'' IPA: /ka/ |ᮊᮦ ''ké'' IPA: /kɛ/ |ᮊᮤ ''ki'' IPA: /ki/ |ᮊᮧ ''ko'' IPA: /kɔ/ |ᮊᮥ ''ku'' IPA: /ku/ |} ==Contoh teks== Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Sunda, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. ===Kutak Sunda=== {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Surat Latin'''<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum Ngeunaan Hak-hak Asasi Manusa |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/sundanese |website=United Nations OHCHR|language=su |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref> |"Sakumna jalma gubrag ka alam dunya téh sipatna merdika jeung boga martabat katut hak-hak anu sarua. Maranéhna dibéré akal jeung haté nurani, campur-gaul jeung sasamana aya dina sumanget duduluran." |- !'''Surat Sunda''' | ᮞᮊᮥᮙ᮪ᮔ ᮏᮜ᮪ᮙ ᮌᮥᮘᮢᮌ᮪ ᮊ ᮃᮜᮙ᮪ ᮓᮥᮑ ᮒᮦᮂ ᮞᮤᮕᮒ᮪ᮔ ᮙᮨᮁᮓᮤᮊ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮘᮧᮌ ᮙᮁᮒᮘᮒ᮪ ᮊᮒᮥᮒ᮪ ᮠᮊ᮪-ᮠᮊ᮪ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮞᮛᮥᮃ. ᮙᮛᮔᮦᮂᮔ ᮓᮤᮘᮦᮛᮦ ᮃᮊᮜ᮪ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮠᮒᮦ ᮔᮥᮛᮔᮤ, ᮎᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮁ-ᮌᮅᮜ᮪ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮞᮞᮙᮔ ᮃᮚ ᮓᮤᮔ ᮞᮥᮙᮍᮨᮒ᮪ ᮓᮥᮓᮥᮜᮥᮛᮔ᮪. |- !'''Surat Pegon''' | «ساكومنا جالما ڮوبراڮ كا عالم دنيا تَيه سيڤاتنا مَيرديكا جۤڠ بَوڮا مرتبة كاتوت حق۲ أنو سارووا. مارانَيهنا ديبَيرَي أكال جۤڠ هاتَي نورانی، چامڤور-ڮأول جۤڠ ساسامانا أيا دينا سوماڠَيت دودولوران.»‎ |} ===Kutak Ngaju=== {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Surat Latin''' |"Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan." |- |} ==Tampunan Bara== {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 0y7c6qiml7if1i8kqdsz8dcck6mweb1 10 3600755 6707429 6654123 2025-07-11T10:23:33Z Languages309 2594026 6707429 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| style="width=100%;" |<center> Welkam Wiktionary lalonai!<br> {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/ho}} rau noho. </center> |- | {| |{{en}} |{{zh}} |{{hi}} |{{es}} |{{fr}} |- |{{pt}} |{{ru}} |{{de}} |{{ja}} |{{ar}} |} |} bcrgefk6ipe0fr8vchb6gfh9ygtipsd 6707431 6707429 2025-07-11T10:24:27Z Languages309 2594026 6707431 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| style="width:100%;" |<center> Welkam Wiktionary lalonai!<br> {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/ho}} rau noho. </center> |- | {| |{{Wt/ho/en}} |{{Wt/ho/zh}} |{{Wt/ho/ho}} |{{Wt/ho/es}} |{{Wt/ho/fr}} |- |{{Wt/ho/pt}} |{{Wt/ho/ru}} |{{Wt/ho/de}} |{{Wt/ho/ja}} |{{Wt/ho/ar}} |} |} cgt85gae0z109ri1l5ydd9jesvngzlh 6707459 6707431 2025-07-11T10:43:35Z Languages309 2594026 6707459 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #000; background:#FFF;" |<center> <div style="font-size:30px;">Welkam Wiktionary lalonai!<br></div> <div style="font-size:20px;">{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/ho}} rau noho.</div> </center> |- | {| align="center" |{{Wt/ho/en}} |{{Wt/ho/zh}} |{{Wt/ho/ho}} |{{Wt/ho/es}} |{{Wt/ho/fr}} |- |{{Wt/ho/pt}} |{{Wt/ho/ru}} |{{Wt/ho/de}} |{{Wt/ho/ja}} |{{Wt/ho/ar}} |} |} sq7ka7u9r3tp1lxran3ceozla7hp9uq 10 3600815 6707449 6654227 2025-07-11T10:36:59Z Languages309 2594026 6707449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/English]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/English|English]] il5rz3lzqgwun2wy5iy8azxkta9kohc 10 3600816 6707448 6654228 2025-07-11T10:36:28Z Languages309 2594026 6707448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Spanish]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Spanish|Spanish]] m4pdwwwkar4i4zpjvljnlfvhbh7vpli 10 3600881 6707462 6654422 2025-07-11T10:48:21Z Languages309 2594026 6707462 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag_of_Saudi Arabia.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Arabic]] Arabic</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Arabic]] g98qb14x70wz2xiwc4goyyxgw90pct3 10 3600883 6707447 6666414 2025-07-11T10:32:54Z Languages309 2594026 6707447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of France.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/French]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/French|French]] sljlpbvp1ty1e124jz4f7qbvgqoncp5 0 3606058 6707169 6672492 2025-07-10T20:39:07Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Rugie Barry|'''Rugie Yatu Barry''']] ‘yar siyasar kasar Laberiya ce. An zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ciyaman a Jam’iyyar ‘Yanci a shekara ta 2015. An zabe ta a Majalisar Wakilai a shekara ta 2023. Ta cigaba a matsayin shugabar Jam’iyyar ‘Yanci a shekara ta 2024. == Zantuka == * Hade kan shugabanni da membobin jam’iyya na da muhimanci wajen sake fasalin Jam’iyyar ‘Yanci gabannin zaben shekara ta 2029. Ba zamu cigaba da zama a cikin rikici da ya bata mana suna ba. ** https://frontpageafricaonline.com/politics/liberia-liberty-party-launches-nationwide-reconciliation-effort-after-period-of-disarray/?amp=1 * Tsarin sasanci wanda ya fara a ranar 11 ga Oktoba a Grand Bassa, zan janyo “yarjejeniyar sasanci” a tsakanin shugabannin jam’iyya da mambobinta a duk fadin kasa. ** https://www.newrepublicliberia.com/liberia-news-l𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐲-𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲-recalibrating/ * Ina jin radadin da matan kasuwa ke ji musamman a kasuwar Borlah kuma sai yasa naga bukatuwar a sake gina wata kasuwa don mutanen da ke wannan yankin. Munji dadin biki na musamman daga ‘yan kasuwanmu na gida masu karfin zuciya, kuma muna sane da rawa na musamman da kuke takawa a tattalin arzikin mu. ** https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/liberia-rep-barry-breaks-group-to-build-mini-market-in-upper-careysburg/?amp=1 [[Category:Wq/ha]] 05b3vjyxy8452t2c5sz8o121umkxafp 0 3606247 6706886 6670707 2025-07-10T16:27:18Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6706886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test wiki | status = open | language = Jeju | mainpage = Wq/jje/올레 | since = May 29, 2025 }} [[Category:Incubator:Test wikis of languages of Korea]] gojebb9oa70da62hfymvep8bz7h2axf 6707032 6706886 2025-07-10T18:44:47Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test wiki | status = open | language = Jeju | mainpage = Wn/jje/올레 | since = May 29, 2025 }} [[Category:Incubator:Test wikis of languages of Korea]] l1cmz86x87a36hk47gu1wyawmy8gy4r 0 3606250 6707033 6670720 2025-07-10T18:45:20Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wn/jje/위키뉴스 머릿말}} {{Wn/jje/대문 분류}} <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap;"> <div style="width:59%; margin-right:1%; min-width:21em; flex:auto;"> {| style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:60%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#cef2e0; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa; margin-top:0;" ! 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<h2 style="margin:0; background:#DDCEF2; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #AFA3BF; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[Wn/jje/파일:Wikimedia-logo.svg|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 자매 프로젝트</h2> |- |style="color:#000; text-align:center;"| {{Wn/jje/자매 프로젝트}} |} </div> <!-- 틀 끝 --> __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ [[Category:Wn/jje]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 2m8anjkwtotfjhqer8ru3bucd8w3rpi 6707034 6707033 2025-07-10T18:46:05Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wn/jje/위키뉴스 머릿말}} {{Wn/jje/대문 분류}} <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap;"> <div style="width:59%; margin-right:1%; min-width:21em; flex:auto;"> {| style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:60%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#cef2e0; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Newspaper Cover.svg|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 오늘의 헤드라인</h2> |- |style="color:#000;"| {{Wn/jje/헤드라인}} |- |} {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Crystal Clear app bell.png|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 주요 뉴스 </h2> |- |style="color:#000;"| {{Wn/jje/주요 뉴스}} |- |} |} </div> <div style="width:40%; min-width:11em; flex:auto;"> {|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:60%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#cedff2; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Gnome-dev-camera.svg|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 오피니언</h2> |- |style="color:#000;"| {{Wn/jje/오피니언}} |- |} {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Write.svg|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 기사 쓰기</h2> |- |style="color:#000; text-align:center;"| {{Wn/jje/기사 쓰기}} |- |} {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Current event marker.svg|35px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 최신 뉴스 </h2> |- |style="color:#000;"| {{Wn/jje/최신 뉴스}} |- |} {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#00BFFF; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Vista-licq.png|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 위키뉴스 소식</h2> |- |style="color:#000;"| {{Wn/jje/위키뉴스 소식}} |- |} |} </div> </div> <div style="float:left; width:100%"> {|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%; border:1px solid #DDCEF2; background:#DDCEF2; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#faf5ff; margin-top:0;" ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#DDCEF2; font-size:larger; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #AFA3BF; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|25px|링크=|<nowiki />]] 자매 프로젝트</h2> |- |style="color:#000; text-align:center;"| {{Wn/jje/자매 프로젝트}} |} </div> <!-- 틀 끝 --> __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ [[Category:Wn/jje]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 1r2038dukjm85aabfkntxxcq9jb6dj4 0 3606842 6707305 6701055 2025-07-11T05:13:37Z Swarabakti 2526161 6707305 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/bew/lang|plm}}== {{Wt/bew/jadi SG|plm|2025|06}} {{Wt/bew/head|plm}} {{Wt/bew/S|lapal}} * {{Wt/bew/HPA|plm|/uja sahaŋ/|[u.ja saˈh͈aŋ]|a2=LL-Q12497929 (mis)-Swarabakti-uya sahang.wav}} * {{Wt/bew/ujung|plm|aŋ|s=4}} * {{Wt/bew/prtl|plm|u|ya|sa|hang}} {{Wt/bew/S|asal}} : {{Wt/bew/com+|plm|uya|sahang|t1=[[Wt/bew/garem|garem]]|t2=[[Wt/bew/merica|merica]]}}. {{Wt/bew/S|ma'na}} # {{Wt/bew/-n-|plm}} {{Wt/bew/q|setilah kata}} duit nyang [[Wt/bew/jumblah|jumblah]]nya kaga' ajeg bakal [[Wt/bew/bayaran|bayaran]] ladènan [[Wt/bew/èlmu kedukunan|èlmu kedukunan]] [[Wt/bew/terdisionil|terdisionil]] {{Wt/bew/gloss|kaya' [[Wt/bew/pijet urut|pijet urut]] ama [[Wt/bew/jampé-jampé|jampé-jampé]]}} #* {{Wt/bew/tukil|plm|2021</b>, 23 Maret<b>|author=Mang Dayat, diomongin ama Taufiq Hasnuri|title=Orang Palembang bergaya ke Jakartaan-Ceramah Ust Taufiq Hasnuri yang viral saat beliau meninggal|publisher=[[w:bew:YuTub|YuTub]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9IdidiwF2I&t=3936s|note=témpo 1:05:36 deri mulain|text=Enjû' '''uya sahang''', uya ngen sahang nian para'ke.|t=(Kapan dipinta) ngasi '''duit bayaran''', é garem merica beneran dikemariin.}} [[Category:Wt/bew]] ikyew9t50jmd1s9txjxwg7ci2du3k2m 0 3607651 6707333 6704746 2025-07-11T06:11:18Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5604}} '''Frank Lloyd Wright Sr.''' (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Amerika, a̱ yya pfwong wwang bu̱ wwut bu̱ du̱nok, a̱ bvo jem a̱kpa bu̱ zza̱k. A̱ yin wwang na̱nok a a̱ rau cci kop jring (1000) ni ka̱yat a̱ryya nswak a̱tu̱yring (70) ka na yin yya na wwut bu̱ na̱nok ni. Wright a̱ yin n byyi bvak u̱ ka̱ccet ba̱nyet wwang na̱nok ka̱ram a̱ ya, a̱̱ yin nbyi bvak u̱ ra ndya Ba̱nyet du̱nok ka̱ram a̱ya u̱ ka̱sa ka sarei du̱ pfwong bu̱ yya ji na̱ yin nba gho ni. Ba̱nyet Ba̱gu̱ngang ka̱bvwa npfwong nu̱ ka Taliesin Fellowship. [1][2] A̱ yin tyyi ryya u̱ wwang du̱nok ti nu̱ gbrik nkyang a byyi nyai Ba̱nyeyyu ni su kpang nkyang ka̱sa na sshi a̱zakpai ni bu̱ nkyang a yin nyei (organic architecture). A̱huhwa a̱ni a̱ yin sshi an pfwong a na yya a 'Fallingwater' (1935), nyyi na ba ryyi ku ra̱u kpit npfwong a bu kpang ka̱pfun ni[3]. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5604}} 48vg5c6ozo6c8cptm4w3hi1h5lnrrot 0 3607652 6707332 6705594 2025-07-11T06:09:21Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5603}} '''Andy Warhol''' Ba yin ku byin ka̱tuk a̱kutat an hywan a̱nunai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱nunai (6/8/2008), na̱ kkwu ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱hwa u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱tuyring. A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Amerika, a̱ yya pfwong wwang ma̱mmwuk nkyang a na hwa ni a̱ bvo zza̱k ba̱nyet, a̱ ba brang ba yya a̱nzzu̱p na bvan a̱ wwut i. A̱ kwak ka̱son a̱mi u̱ ka̱ccet a̱bvom pop, Warhol a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba ba yin pfwong an ba ni ka̱ram a̱ya. [2][3][4] Npfwong nu na a̱ yin yrang du̱wat ti ba n dyyi a̱ bvwong kwon byin na pfwong wwang ma̱mmwuk ku byyi bu̱ nkyang nzaan ni da̱ ni du̱ kok ma̱mmwuk bu̱ ssuk na̱bvwa shap nkyang bu̱ kok a̱nzzu̱p bu̱ yya nkyang nzaan. Ba yin ku byin a bvo ku gho ka̱ya Pittsburgh u̱ ka̱ryi bānyet ba yin wruk nyai Rusyn ni, Warhol a̱ yin yet ka̱son ā nwwa yya pfwong a̱bvwan nyyi na na̱ yin ssha ya ka̱son ni a rya 1950s. Ka̱ram ka na bun tyyei pfwong nu̱ na u̱ na̱bvwa na ban yya pfwong wwang mammwuk ni, a ki n nwwa shai a̱du̱dyep yet a̱tsatsak a̱ntyok byyi kyang hywa a rya 1960s. Npffu npfwong nu na ka̱ya New York, bu̱ ka̱bvwa npfwong ka a̱ ssha du̱yrek bu̱ san na tyei banyet ba tung bāgungang nyai u̱ nabvwa bu̱ npfwong du̱ banyet byyi zwa bu̱ kyang hywa an sot bū na̱zzu. [6][7][8] A̱ yin yet du̱ccu bu̱ a̱ntyok kak bvwak an pfwong nzzup ba̱gungang a ba yin n byyi ba̱nyet ba a̱ yet ba̱ngwak bu̱ na̱ta̱ngwat ni ba ba̱ yei ba̱cecet ba̱ngwak Warhol, wwon u̱ cong su byin a̱huhwa nu a̱ yin wruk bu̱ du̱wat tang baryyaat ti ba ntang ni "15 minutes of fame." Warhol a yin gho a bvo wruk bu kacczt abvom k ba yin yzi rock band the Velvet Underground. Warhol a yin tyyei yya ryi ni ji a npfwong bagungang ka ka ba yin n ghhap banyet kan anaan bu ba̱ntyok ni kaya kabyen Tung ndung Amerika ni9. [9][10] Nyai na yin shot dukkwo nssom nyai di kaba-rantong Valerie Solanas an hywan a̱kutat u̱ durya 1968, Warhol a̱ brak kassu ka a tyyi u̱ brak pfwong a anyya kabvwa abvwan cat zang.[11] A yin yrang kazzu tsit kpa nkkang abvi jzm bagungang su nbrang bu nyyi na bann yei "The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (1975) and Popism (1980)." A bvo yin yet anryok byii kabvwa a telebishon ban dyyat aryya batro bu kazzu kanyyi jen minti swak bu apffon (1980–83), and Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes (1985–87). Warhol ã̱ yin kkwu ka̱ram ka bvu rya nu ji zun ssang ni an za 58, ba ka ku yya pfwong an baai nu ji an hywan hwa u̱ du̱rya 1987. Warhol a̱mi ba nywa na̱ yet "bellwether of the art market", bu npfwong ba̱gungang na yet nyyi byyi krum a rau kpit du̱ssuk a ba kan zzap ni.[12][13] In 2013, Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster) (1963) sold for $105 million, ku tyyi na ssha ka̱bvwa dūdyep a̱ rau konzan a̱yin ka̱yat ba̱nyet wwang bu̱ ssuk ma̱mwuk. U̱ du̱rya 2022, Shot Sage Blue Marilyn (1964) a̱ yin nat u̱ ryap an zang $195 million, a̱kasukin nzang u̱ ba ka̱n ssha brak ni ba u ka̱byen Amerika. Warhol a yet du̱yrek bu̱ ka̱zzuan ka ba na sook an yya npfwong bu̱ a̱kpa bu anzzup ni. Kakpri tung nkyang tada bu̱ ņkkang kan syak nu ka sshi u̱ kankrang nbyin nu ka Pittsburgh, ka̱yemi bat saai nkyang a ba tung ni nyai ndoson ni na nsshi. Nka a̱ yet a̱ tyantyan nu sa̱rei ka̱yat Amerika ba sook a̱ wrak a̱n dyep duo̱yrek a̱yanyet a̱yring ̄ [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5603}} 53ysz7gi8wknhr95a12osshltq5qqz4 0 3607751 6707188 6700150 2025-07-10T20:47:09Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q297}} '''Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez''' (baptised 6 June 1599 – 6 August 1660) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok ssuk ka̱bvwan a̱yet a̱kwak a̱son Ba̱nyet npfwong u̱ ka̱kpri ntrwang A̱gwam Filibbut a̱nba naai ka̱yaa Supen bu̱ Potugal. Nu̱ a̱mi ba hwa a̱ bvo nywa a̱ saai u̱ ka̱sak a̱gbadang a̱ngwak u̱ a̱ ra̱u konyan ni u̱ ka̱zzu ssuk bu̱ wwang ma̱mwuk. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q297}} gjhcoo8hjho5fwg2kw23jy9xhuhhmnf 6707331 6707188 2025-07-11T06:06:48Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q297}} '''Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez''' (baptised 6 June 1599 – 6 August 1660) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok ssuk ka̱bvwan a̱yet a̱kwak a̱son Ba̱nyet npfwong u̱ ka̱kpri ntrwang A̱gwam Filibbut a̱nba naai ka̱yaa Supen bu̱ Potugal. Nu a̱mi ba hwa a̱ bvo nywa a̱ saai u̱ ka̱sak a̱gbadang a̱ngwak u̱ a̱ ra̱u konyan ni u̱ ka̱zzu ssuk bu̱ wwang ma̱mwuk. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q297}} 18r1s3m6yqtxixkzm9svd0x82obt7hz 0 3607864 6707329 6705585 2025-07-11T06:05:35Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5599}} '''Sir Peter Paul Rubens'''; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) A̱ yin yet a̱gbadang a̱ntyok npfong du̱tyok Flemish [2]. Ba hwa nu̱ a̱yet ā̇ngwak u̱ a̱ tyyi Ba̱nyet nu̱ ba ba sook rwak npfong a ni an tada nba ji. Ka̱ssu npfwong nu̱ ka a̱ yin tyyi na nssha san ba̰gungang ni a̱ yin tyyi cet a u̱ ka̱ccet, bu̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ a̱huhwa nu̱ a̱ tyyei na̱kkwu bu̱ cat ni, nkyang a ba yin nywa ka̱ram a̱ya ni. Rubens a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk ka̱bvwan nu̱ a̱ yin tsrwang a̱n pfwong na̱bvwa Ba̱hyum bu̱ ngunki bu̱ nkkang swatka̱sa bu̱ nkyang nzaan ạ tai bu̱ ka̱ta̱cci ni bu̱ a̱kwak a̱son an zzu̱p ba̱nyet ni. Ba yin byin Rubens a̱ ku gho an dwak tsuup katilik a̱nyyi Rom kaya Jamani a̱zu ka̱pfun. Ba̱nyet ku byyi ba a̱ yin yet Ba̱nyet ba a̱ nat a̱ su swrang ka̱yemi rot zwang 'ba ya ni wwon a̱ nat banu na̱ yet za swak bu̱ a̱hwa. Ntamak bu̱ byyi a̱gbadang ka̱bvwa pfwong nbvwak a Antwerp kabvwa ka ba yin yya akpak nasuk u̱ aa yin nywa du̱tyok bu ssha san du̱ Ba̱nyet byyi bu ssha hwat ni, Ruben a̱ yin yet a̱ku̱nkrang a̱ntyok byyi a̱za̱ncci bu̱ a̱huhwa na̱kkwu bu̱ pfwong shok a̱nyeyyu wwon ba ku gat du̱tyok yet a̱kkwa (knight) nzwang a̱nyyi Supen nkrang ka̱hwa nbvwak A̱gwam Philip IV a̱nyyi Supen bu̱ Charles I a̱nyyi Ingiland. Rubens a̱ yin yet a̱kukak a̱ntyok du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang nkyang . Tung tyyi nkyang a na yin yya ni sshi bu̱ nkyang cci kop jring bu̱ cci nyaai bu̱ a̱tat (1,403), a̱zugak ba̱yaan ba na yya ka̱yat ka̱bvwa npfwong nu ka ni.[3] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5599}} n0j93xbsitcxuyto9up5b3r0vlbtkxv 0 3607865 6707328 6700152 2025-07-11T06:03:26Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5598}} '''Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn''' Nyai ka̱tuk swak bu̱ a̱pffon an hywan a̱tuyring du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kutat bu̱ a̱kutat su kpang ka̱tuk a̱naai an hywan swak du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kutat bu̱ nswak a̱kutat bu̱ a̱kumbvuyring ( 15 July 1606[1] – 4 October 1669), Ba bvo na ku bvwo bu̱ Rembrandt a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok kwon ka̱bvwan du̱ssuk Dutch, a̱ bvo sruk a̱kpa bu̱ wwang sussai du̱nok. A̱yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak wwang ma̱mmwuk an tada ba̱nyet ba̱shong. [3] Ba hwa ka̱tswa npfwong du̱ssuk nu̱ ka an sshi bu̱ tat ka̱pffun ni a̱ bai cci tsat u̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ cci tsat u̱ shap wwon bu̱ ka̱tswa nkyang ka na yin wwang a sak ni. A̱ yin bvwon bu̱ kpit ba̱nyet du̱ssuk ka̱ram a̱ ya rot npfwong nu na yin tat kup na̱bvwa ba̱gu̱ngang bu̱ yya ji na yin na̱ yya ni bu̱ nkyang a na yin n tyyi ka̱ssu a ta̱twang ni. Nyai u̱ du̱ssuk ba̱nyet bu̱ ma̱mmwuk nkyang a sshi u̱ na̱bvwa ba̱kpa̱sai ni bu̱ nkyang tyyei wap ntyai bū̱̇ nkkang swat ka̱sa nkyang tsuup bu̱ tashikum su kpang du̱twang nyam. Ka̱brang ka na̱ yin ba mi ni a̱ yin sshi ka̱ram ka ba yi nyei 'Dutch Golden Age'. Rembrandt a̱ yin sak tak a̱ma̱nyyi ba, ma a̱kpok npfwong nu na yin yya ni a̱ yin tsuup kkwan ba̱kukkwo nbvak ba̱ntyok Itali bu̱ Dutch bu̱̇ Flemish ba yin yya du̱twang ka̱yat Itali ni. A̱ yin ssha ya ka̱son nyai na̱ yet hung an pfong du̱ssuk, a̱rya na an tssup ni a̱ yin yet a̱nyyi a̱rubu̱di bu̱ ka̱bvung du̱zot nkrum. Sarei bu̱ a̱mi npfwong nu na bu̱ du̱ssuk nu ti a̱ yin ssha san di ba̱nyet ba̱gungang wwon ka̱bvwa sshi nu ka an pfwong a sshi ba̱ta̱ntai. A yin sook a̱rya nswak nhwa na zza̱k ba̱cecet ba̱ngwak du̱ssuk ka̱yat Dutch.[5] Npfwong du̱ssuk nu na bu̱ nyyi ba̱nyet ncei nu na bu̱ nyyi na ta̱twang na̱bvwa ka̱yat kpa ka̱za ni a̱ byyi kamak ba. A̱ byyi npfwong na tat nswak nnaai nyyi na ta̱twang nkkang du̱ccu nu ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5598}} tk5qw9weclez6bo0m2eab8922vkba56 0 3607869 6707014 6700154 2025-07-10T18:04:57Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da ni na ndyyi ni u kasa ka. Katsitsrang arya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} qwvs3qs6ck11y8lgiji3amibklb1bdv 6707016 6707014 2025-07-10T18:06:38Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} m9j4i7zjqlm3wwl4wxk8qz2s0ld1smm 6707019 6707016 2025-07-10T18:11:22Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.[10][11][12][13] Picasso's output, especially in his early career, is often periodized. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} m699si28cbqctrjavwzlojl3pbs5bmx 6707021 6707019 2025-07-10T18:14:16Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.[10][11][12][13] Picasso's output, especially in his early career, is often periodized. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Katswa npdwong anyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 154gf4fh4iv4g7aadnu3dw3z4ocq770 6707025 6707021 2025-07-10T18:23:31Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 1906pfwong akukkqo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop duwat yya pdwong tuyaan ti bvwon bazan ni, nani u tyyi ba ssha duhwup bu antye ayyu su kpang ba na ba ra a tyyi kabvwa kayring ba ywt bangwak kazzu npfwong ncei kapffun.[10][11][12][13] Picasso's output, especially in his early career, is often periodized. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Katswa npdwong anyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} tgdsv8o9m13qw5ulaugaoe8v0scrz3q 6707026 6707025 2025-07-10T18:26:04Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 1906pfwong akukkqo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Picasso's output, especially in his early career, is often periodized. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Katswa npdwong anyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} l9ucra0x2606r0hkbervcu0r1l0fg31 6707027 6707026 2025-07-10T18:27:34Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Picasso's output, especially in his early career, is often periodized. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Katswa npdwong anyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 9im2kcyh1qc9by1w00g7v2c1pms7a31 6707030 6707027 2025-07-10T18:33:34Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na karam ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a nazzwan. Katswa npfwong a̱nyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} tm34af99ghboscth84n1rnnymlgyi08 6707031 6707030 2025-07-10T18:34:25Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Katswa npfwong a̱nyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} dopbi5y61eyz3v7ek1zrhmw6ssc4c33 6707139 6707031 2025-07-10T20:03:37Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Katswa npfwong a̱nyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 7sg2k6y4flwzktzss5wl8fnmue0qg4f 6707170 6707139 2025-07-10T20:39:23Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Katswa npfwong a̱nyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. A yin ya gghai di byyi atsatsak npfwong u swatkasa nu na yin sook karam ni wwon na bvo byyi kabvwa sahi nu baxan annpdwong wqang nmamwwuk a bbo yyet ayeing kayat banyet ba a sah 20th [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} nl2rcirxr4fp8xin0ag518pe7dw1qr6 6707173 6707170 2025-07-10T20:40:38Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Katswa npfwong a̱nyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. A yin ya gghai di byyi atsatsak npfwong u swatkasa nu na yin sook karam ni wwon na bvo byyi kabvwa sahi nu baxan annpdwong wwang nmamwwuk a̱ bvo yet ayring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba a sshi 20th [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} qxkrr0acmel9kea8a4c32b92ti5rcgq 6707178 6707173 2025-07-10T20:43:16Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Katswa npfwong a̱nyyi kangbap 1910s bu katsitarang 1920s a sshi a dwak bayet bangwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. A̱ yin ya gghai di byyi a̱tsatsak npfwong u̱ swatkasa nu na yin sook ka̱ram ni wwon na bvo byyi ka̱bvwa sshi nu ba̱zan an pfwong wwang nmamwwuk a̱ bvo yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba a sshi 20th [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 8mzgcn3j2zm3j5548py8agy4ap9sefi 6707180 6707178 2025-07-10T20:44:49Z Jjnzamah 2600997 6707180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Ka̱tswa npfwong a̱nyyi ka̱ngbap 1910s bu̱ ka̱tsitsrang 1920s a sshi a dwak ba̱nyet ba̱ngwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. A̱ yin ya gghai di byyi a̱tsatsak npfwong u̱ swatkasa nu na yin sook ka̱ram ni wwon na bvo byyi ka̱bvwa sshi nu ba̱zan an pfwong wwang nmamwwuk a̱ bvo yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba a sshi 20th [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} 4t0jkj7ps6uakfz28al3dioh0qfq6bb 6707325 6707180 2025-07-11T05:58:15Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5593}} '''Pablo Diego José Francisc''' De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Y Picasso[a][b] nyai ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱pffwon an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱yring su kpang ka̱tuk a̱nunai an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱kumbvyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱tat (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱ssuk, bu̱ shap nkyang, bu̱ pfwong du̱rwap, bu̱ ccang a̱cecet na̱bvwa tung ba̱nyet wwon a̱ sook a̱kpok ka̱ram swat kasa nu̱ na sshi Furans. Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱ngwak ba̱nyet npfwong nbvak ka̱ram a̱ ya wwon ba ku bvwo bu̱ sak ka̱tsan ka̱ccet ba̱nyet shap bu̱ myrim nkyang. A̱ yin nwwa myam pfwong a di a̱tyyi nbyin nu nu̱ José Ruiz y Blasco an za a̱tuyring, Picasso a̱ yin tyai byyi bvwak npfwonhg bu̱ za̱nang nyai an da̱won bu̱ ssuk nkyang da̱ ni na ndyyi ni u̱ kasa ka. Ka̱tsitsrang a̱rya swak a̱nyyi cci kop swa, yya npfwong nu ji u̱ shei, rot a̱ yin me yya pfwong a di na̱ta bu̱ ndwak bu̱ a̱za̱ncci a̱yaan. Bu tat 19046 pfwong a̱kukkwo nbvak Henri Mautise,u ku tyyi na nwwa Zop du̱wat yya pfwong tu̱yaan ti bvwon ba̱zan ni, nani u̱ tyyi ba ssha du̱hwup bu̱ a̱ntye a̱yyu su kpang ba na ba̱ ra a̱ tyyi ka̱bvwa ka̱yring ba yet ba̱ngwak ka̱zzu npfwong ncei ka̱pffun.[10][11][12][13] Npfwong Picasso's na ka̱ram ka na yin yet hung a ni, a sshi a na̱zzwan. Ka̱tswa npfwong a̱nyyi ka̱ngbap 1910s bu̱ ka̱tsitsrang 1920s a sshi a̱ dwak ba̱nyet ba̱ngwak nnyai. Ka̱zzwang npfwong nu ka a ru mon nkyang a̱ nyyai a npfwong ka̱tsutsrang a ni. A̱ yin ya gghai di byyi a̱tsatsak npfwong u̱ swatkasa nu na yin sook ka̱ram ni wwon na bvo byyi ka̱bvwa sshi nu ba̱zan an pfwong wwang nmamwwuk a̱ bvo yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba a sshi 20th [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5593}} lvn7ey99j1w2qixnuc1ojbo5s1ptfxb 0 3607873 6707326 6700153 2025-07-11T05:59:35Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5597}} '''Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino[a]''' ; ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱nunai du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci nyaai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ atat su kpang ka̱tuk a̱kutat an hywan naai dụrya cci kop jring bu̱ cci tswon bu̱ nswak nhwa ( March 28 or April 6, 1483 – April 6, 1520), [2][b],[4] a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Itali a̱ yya pfwong du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang zu̱zzwa bu̱ ka̱sak du̱nok. Ba nywa npfwong nu̱ na rot na ryyi zuzzrak bu̱ yya ji na nwwut ni, a bvo byyi a̱hyom ryyi bvwong bu̱ shisham ccang. Ndung bu̱ Leonardo da Vinci bu̱ Michelangelo, nba a yin wruk a tyyi ba̱ngwak ba̱tat ba a yin yet kason ka an jen a̱ya. [6] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5597}} 7b5wxgqdgas8zqzbbhatz7z9jvj6jg0 6707327 6707326 2025-07-11T06:01:13Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5597}} '''Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino[a]''' ; ka̱tuk nswak nhwa bu̱ a̱nunai du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci nyaai bu̱ nswak a̱nunai bu̱ atat su kpang ka̱tuk a̱kutat an hywan naai dụrya cci kop jring bu̱ cci tswon bu̱ nswak nhwa ( March 28 or April 6, 1483 – April 6, 1520), [2][b],[4] A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Itali a̱ yya pfwong du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang zu̱zzwa bu̱ ka̱sak du̱nok. Ba nywa npfwong nu̱ na rot na ryyi zu̱zzrak bu̱ yya ji na nwwut ni, a bvo byyi a̱hyom ryyi bvwong bu̱ shisham ccang. Ndung bu̱ Leonardo da Vinci bu̱ Michelangelo, nba a yin wruk a tyyi ba̱ngwak ba̱tat ba a yin yet kason ka an jen a̱ya. [6] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5597}} k477u6a2vrupmavnucmbtmvaw1pijcy 0 3607874 6707136 6703440 2025-07-10T20:02:25Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5592}} '''Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni''' Ka̱tuk a̱kutat a̱n hwan tat u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci naai bu̱ nswak atu̱yring bu̱ a̱pfwon (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), ba bvo ku bvwo bu̱ Michelangelo, [b][1] a̱ntyok Itali a̱ yin yya npfwong shap nkyang, bu̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang zu̱zzwa du̱nok a̱ bvo yet a̱ntyok jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk (poet),[2]. Ba yin ku byin u̱ ka̱byen Filorence. A̱ yin shai a̱huhwa npfwong nu na nyai an pfwong a̱ bạ̱nyet nnyai ba yin yya a̱ wwon ni. Michelangelo a̱ yin byyi a̱tsatsak ka̱kpyang an pfwong a na̱ yya ni bu̱ du̱wat ti na n na yya ni, a [3], Michelangelo nu a̱yet a̱ngwak u̱ ka̱yat ba̱nyet ka ba bvwo ni. Ba yin ku nywa na yet a̱ntyok yya pfwong nbvwak u a̱ rau sarei kpit a ni an jen nu ji. [4][5] A yin ssha san bu dudyep nyai bu ahwa.Npfwong nu ba na nhwa nna a yin za kason ka, Pietà bu David,uu na yin shap na kan tat za nswak ntat ni ba. A yinbya ssok na yet anthik dussuk ba ma a yin yya nkyang nhwa na a byyi kpungtun a ssok ndya banyet karam aya ni, yya ji katsitsrang ka yinsyyi ni u̱ kpa ndoson na yin ssuk a kup Sistine Chapel kaya Rome, [6] bu̱ katuk humshok a̱ngbom (The Last Judgment) antazwa antwam kok ntong ka. Pfwong na yin an gban saai akpa anyyi Laurentian ni ami yin tyi katsan tsakkat du̱nok banyet manarit (Mannerist architecture.)[7] Ann za 71, na ssok kabvwa Antonio da Sangallo a yet anthok wwut bu dunok St. Peter's Basilica. A̱ yin shei zuzzwa kasak dunok ka yya shi a̱zagbang ayrin a yi wruk an yya ji na n wwang ni. I brak dusung a na yin wruk i ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5592}} ek3hl5dl3x3pe36y7dy1zdc9jqxtml9 0 3607926 6707134 6703437 2025-07-10T19:58:18Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q5588}} '''Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo Calderón''' (yei Spanish: [ˈfɾiða ˈkalo]; 6 hywan atuyring 1907 – 13 hywan atuyring 1954[1]) A̱ yin yet a̱nbyring Mekziko nu̱ a̱ yya npfwong du̱ssuk ni, ba yin ku̱ bvwo bu̱ a̱kpa̱k npfwong ssuk ma̱mmwuk ba̱nyet bu̱ nnu bu̱ npfwong a̱ yin wwut nyai a̱nkyang a ba saai nyai ndoson nyyi Mekziko na ni. A̱ yin sook pfwong nu na nyai an kyang a naat n bvwot an tada ji ni. A̱ yin nyya pfwong nu na an ta̱twang tada bu̱ yet tsutswat bu̱ tyyei bvwak nbyin. A̱tyi nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Jaman A̱na nu a̱ yet a̱nab Mestiza (sot Purépecha[5]), A̱ yin tyak da̱won nu ji ka̱yat La Casa Azul, ka̱ryi nba ka a̱ yin sshi Coyoacán – ka̱yemi ba nwwai a ccang nkyang tada na ka̱pfun ka̱yat bat ntada Frida Kahlo (Museum). A yin ssha du̱gugwak rot hyyu na yin ku yya na yet ka̱ba̱won ni, A̱ yin ta̱za bu̱ a̱zancci a̱ byyi du̱nhwwu ti tyyi na nat du̱twang yet a̱bvok sei na bu n hok hyyu u̱ du̱kpat ntsaap ntswam a̱tak a̱naai na yet za 18, nyemi u̱ tyyi na sshi bu̱ a̱du̱dam bu̱ du̱gugwak rwam a sook karam ni. Nan nwwa cra̱ng a ni, a̱ brak a̱ nat an kyang a na̱ yin n byyi du̱dang yya na̱ nyaai na yet ka̱bawon ni, a̱huhwa yet a̱ntyok wwang ma̱mmwuk bu̱ yya nkyang nbvak. N tyyi rya an siyasa bu̱ wwang nkyang yin tyyi na nwwa ka̱zzu cat bra̱ng ka̱byen a̱nyyi Mekziko u̱ du̱rya 1927, [1] kayemi na yin ssha banyet npfwong nbvwak da ni di Diego Rivera ni. Ba yya nyreng u̱ dũ̱rya 1929 [1][6] a sook a̱rya ba cong na̱ccet ka̱yat Mekziko bu̱ Amerika. Ka̱ram ka ni na nyyat tung cet an yya bu̱ du̱wat npfwong nu ti nyai an tada nkkang swat ba̱nyet Mekziko wwon a wwang bu̱ ssuk ma̱mmwuk du̱ccu nu bu̱ ntyei nkyang a mon tada bu̱ nkyang katolik ni. Npfwong du̱ssuk nu na yin yrek du̱dang ba̱nyet kȧ̱zzu ka̱yaan (surrealist artist) André Breton, na ku brang a̱ tyyi du̱yywa tyai npfwong kpa̱sai ka̱tsutsrang Kabhlo ka kayat Julien Levy Gallery a New York u̱ du̱rya 1938; du̱yywa a̱ ya u yet bat wwon ba n tsuup bu̱ tu̱yaan ka̱ ya Paris u̱ du̱rya 1939. Du̱yywa ti yin tat tu yyi ka̱son ti ba ma Louvre a san pfwong du̱ssuk yring a yin yet ka̱tsutsrang ka nyaai an pfwong Mekziko na ssha nwwa a nkyang a ba tung ni. [1] Nyai a rya 1940s, Kahlo a̱ ya ka̱son bu̱ cong du̱yywa tyai npfwong kpa̱sai a̱nyyi Mekziko bu̱ Amerika wwon a̱ bvo yet a̱zzak. A̱ yin zzak u̱ ka̱kpri du̱twang Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado ("La Esmeralda") a̱ bvo yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba yin yet ka̱son sak̃ ka̱zzu Seminario de Cultura Mexicana. Kahlo's a yin byyi du̱gugwak rwam a̱n tyak a̱rya swak na yya du̱yywa tyai nkyang kpa̱sai a̱ yin yet ka̱son a̱ yya a̱mi u̱ du̱rya 1953,ka̱yat Mekziko na su wa bvwa a̱n kkwu u̱ du̱rya 1954 na̱ yet za 47. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5588}} 95svonoyvgc04kxs8mgpuzfnmxq88vw 0 3608033 6707135 6706201 2025-07-10T20:00:13Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kaj/Databox|item=Q762}} '''Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci''' Ba ku byin ka̱tuk swaK bu̱ pfwon an hywan naai u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci nyaai bu̱ nswak pfwon bu̱ a̱hwa (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519). A̱ntyok Itali nu̱ a̱ yin tyyi ka̱ssu u̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang zu̱zzwa na̱nok bu̱ a̱gygigyak nkyang bu̱ yya pfwong injiniya bu̱ jang na̱nok ni. A̱ yin tyyi du̱yrek u̱ du̱ssuk bu̱ wwang a̱kpa na na yin tyyei ma̱mmwuk nkyang bu̱ du̱jem a̱n tazwa nna ni. Du̱jem nu̱ ti yin sshi a̱ntazwa nkyang ba̱gungang u̱ na̱srong bu̱ na̱zzu na a̱ mon bu̱ nkyang kpasai bu̱ nkyang ka̱yat bu̱ yya ji nkyang nzaan u̱ rwam na ndyi ni. Leonardo a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok byyi za̱nang a̱za̱ncci ba̱gungang, wwon a̱ bvo man yya npfwong a rau nyyi ba̱nyet ni, ka̱mak nu ka a̱ nat cuccrak bu̱ a̱yanyet a̱yring u̱ ba n yei Michelangelo ni. A̱na nu a yin ku byyi karyyi,du ba yin byyi ssha hwat ba wwon a̱ swat shushrak bu̱ Vinci. A̱ yin twang ka̱ ya Florence an bvwak a̱ntyok Itali nu a̱ yet a̱shap nkyang bu̱ du̱ssuk ni Andrea del Verrocchio. A̱ yin nwwa pfwong a u ka̱nkrang ka ma a̱ yya pfwong a̱kpak ka̱ram bu̱ Ludovico Sforza ka ya Milan. A̱ yin cong a bu mwwa pfwong a ka̱ya Florence bu̱ Milan brak, bu̱ Rome, sarai na ssha ba̱nyet ku cat bu̱ ku tsuup an pfwong a bu̱ ba̱nyet myamm da nu. Ka̱ram ka Francis I,na bu n ku yei ni, na tyak a̱ngbom a̱ryya a̱tat nu nu France, ka̱bvwa ka na yin nkkwu ni u̱ du̱rya 1519. Nyai u̱ du̱kkwu nu ti,ka̱ram a ka n sshi nkyang a na̱ yi nyya ni bu̱ a̱huhwa nu nu bu̱ ntyi ka̱ssu nu ka ku n wui tyyi ba̱nyet a̱huhwa bu̱ du̱dang ni.[3][4] nkpa n byyi ba n tyei ryang nu konzan ka̱ram. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]]' {{INTERWIKI|Q762}} 201jxpsd8vch84mdzwxh9e1timw3ykx 10 3608772 6707403 6685185 2025-07-11T09:52:12Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠣꠔ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠟꠉ ꠟꠣꠉꠣꠁꠀꠞ [[d:Q12268762]] 6707403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#Invoke:wb/syl/Template link general|main}}<noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} {{INTERWIKI|Q12268762}} </noinclude> ivlxzwza6oxnje3jb8ladcfondjabeg 0 3608856 6707043 6685552 2025-07-10T19:25:09Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707043 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Sasak''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | ᬪᬵᬲᬵᬲᬓ᭄ᬱᬓ᭄<br>Base Sasak |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | ba‧se sa‧sak |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of West Nusa Tenggara.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Nusa Tanggara Barat|Nusa Tanggara Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.700.000 (2010) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Sumbawa|Malayu-Sumbawa]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Sasak|Sasak]]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Bali|Surat Bali]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Sasak|Surat Sasak]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | - |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | sas |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | sas |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | sasa1249 |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | sas |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] Kutak Banjar ingklasifikan sabagai kutak '''aman''' atawa '''dia tarancam (NE)''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Sasak language distribution.svg|center|300x300px]] |} '''Kutak Sasak''' inyewut kea '''Base Sasak''' (ᬪᬵᬲᬵᬲᬓ᭄ᬱᬓ᭄) iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Sasak|Uluh Sasak]] melai [[Wp/nij/Pulau Lombok|pulau Lombok]] hung [[Wp/nij/Nusa Tanggara Barat|Nusa Tanggara Barat]], [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]. Panutur kutak Sasak hong sensus nyelo 2010 tege 2.700.000 panutur<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last=Austin |first=Peter K. |date=2012 |title=Tense, Aspect, Mood and Evidentiality in Sasak, Eastern Indonesia |url=http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/132 |journal=Language Documentation and Description |volume=11 |pages=231–251 |language=en}}</ref>. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Malayu-Sumbawa, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Sumbawa|kutak Sumbawa]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Bali|kutak Bali]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]], [[Wp/nij/Surat Bali|Surat Bali]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Sasak|Surat Sasak]]. ===Surat Sasak=== [[File:Aksara Sasak.gif|center|300px]] == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Sasak, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Kutak Sasak''' |"Selapuk manusie te anakan bebas kance bedoe martabat kance hak hak sak pade. Selapuk ne tebeng akal kance ate jari bergaul/bekedek dalem semanget besemeton." |- !'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' |"Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan." |- |} == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 6jdpknbgbjm448y1rp5som8602kkrrd 10 3609542 6707002 6688377 2025-07-10T17:49:22Z Mah3110 1701428 6707002 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="content infobox" style="text-align:center !important; float:right; width:294px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%; background-color:#fff !important; line-height: 1.1em; border-spacing: 5px; border-collapse: separate; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-spacing: 5px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #7DA7D9; color: #000; font-size:150%;" align="center; height: 43px; font-weight: bolder;" | '''{{{duma}}}''' |- |-class="hiddenStructure{{{drap|}}}" | style="background:#FFFFFF;" align="center" colspan="2" | {{#if:{{{drapo|}}}|[[File:{{{drapo}}}|250px]]}} |- {{#if:{{{karti|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{karti|}}} |'''Karti :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{karti}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{famiɛn_klɔ|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{famiɛn_klɔ|}}} |'''Famiɛn klɔ :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{famiɛn_klɔ}}}</td> | }} |} <!-- Début 2eme parie --> <noinclude> <pre> {{Nvle |duman = |drapo = |karti = |famiɛn_klɔ = }} </pre> [[Category:Wp/bci]] </noinclude> 8dfzlolv5tzgvo1kpxzyjpei6x7ce9e 6707003 6707002 2025-07-10T17:51:33Z Mah3110 1701428 6707003 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="content infobox" style="text-align:center !important; float:right; width:294px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%; background-color:#fff !important; line-height: 1.1em; border-spacing: 5px; border-collapse: separate; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-spacing: 5px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #7DA7D9; color: #000; font-size:150%;" align="center; height: 43px; font-weight: bolder;" | '''{{{duman}}}''' |- |-class="hiddenStructure{{{drap|}}}" | style="background:#FFFFFF;" align="center" colspan="2" | {{#if:{{{drapo|}}}|[[File:{{{drapo}}}|250px]]}} |- {{#if:{{{karti|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{karti|}}} |'''Karti :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{karti}}}</td> | }} |- {{#if:{{{famiɛn_klɔ|}}} | | style="display:none !important;"}} |{{#if:{{{famiɛn_klɔ|}}} |'''Famiɛn klɔ :''' <td style="text-align:center;">{{{famiɛn_klɔ}}}</td> | }} |} <!-- Début 2eme parie --> <noinclude> <pre> {{Nvle |duman = |drapo = |karti = |famiɛn_klɔ = }} </pre> [[Category:Wp/bci]] </noinclude> 4o0xlpjhwbbzu8b0skdjhs9rsfxny6v 0 3610127 6706799 6691008 2025-07-10T12:01:37Z RevSky225 2602446 correction d'article 6706799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dobet Valérie Gnahoré''' be wuli i Côte d'Ivoire afuɛ 1982 zanvie i le 17 su. Ɔ ti Côte d'Ivoire jue tofuɛ, able sifuɛ nin jue yifuɛ. Jue tofuɛ nin jue klɛfuɛ kun mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Dobet Gnahorɛ, ɔ tran Aflansi (Strasbourg lɔ) nin Côte d’Ivoire lɔ. == Sran wun ndɛ silɛ == === Bakan nun nin gbanflɛn nun nantilɛ === Dobet Gnahoré m’ɔ fin Côte d’Ivoire i wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nun, ɔ ti Boni Gnahoré i wa bla kpɛnngbɛn, bian sɔ ti Abidjan lɔ Ki Yi M’Bock akpasua m’ɔ Werewere Liking ti i su kpɛn'n i su klɛn bofuɛ'm be kpɛnngbɛn. I nin wa fɛ mɛn, i sɔ ti'n i nannan bla'n yɛ ɔ tɛliɔ i klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Kragbalilié lɔ. Guebié kantɔn klɔ sɔ su lɔ, ɔ di fie su junman. Kɛ ɔ ɲan afuɛ 6'n, ɔ ɔli i si sin Abidjan lɔ, klɔ ng’ɔ ɲinnin su’n, i su lɔ aniɛn’n i ngunmin yɛ ɔ kan ɔn. Kɛ ɔ ɲan afuɛ 12, ɔ yacili suklu kɔlɛ naan w’a wlu i baba i jue tofuɛ be anuannzɛ nun lɔ, ɔ suannin teatri, nin able silɛ, ɔ nin jue tolɛ. Ɔ suan jue wafa fanunfanu. Afuɛ 1999 nun, kɛ Dobet Gnahoré ɲannin afuɛ 17, ɔ jasoli Côte d’Ivoire lɔ ko tranni Aflansi lɔ. === Jue i bo bolɛ nu === Kɛ ɔ dili afuɛ nsan nsraa nun fitelɛ suklu dilɛ nun, ɔ jasoli Kiyi M’bock ko wluli Béatrice Combe i jue tolɛ anuannzɛ dan nga be flɛ i kɛ Afro-contemporain Tchétché nun, ɔ trannin lɔ afuɛ kun, kpɛkun ɔ nyannin ukalɛ kpa ekun. Afuɛ 1996 nun, ɔ nin Aflansi lɔ gita bofuɛ Colin Laroche m’ɔ fin Féline be yali, blɛ sɔ nu, ɔ ti i si Boni Gnahoré i gita bofuɛ, yɛ ɔ nin i be yili jue kaka. Afuɛ 1999 nun, be nɲɔn be yili jue nga be flɛ i kɛ Ano Neko, i bo yɛle kɛ “Maan e yi likawlɛ” Bété (i aniɛn nun). Afuɛ 2004 nun, be yili albɔmu nga be flɛ i kɛ Ano Neko, yɛ jue 16 be o nun, be klɛli i sunman Bété nun. Asa ekun, ɔ to jue aniɛn kaka kɛ: Malinke nin Lingala nin Wolof aniɛn mun be nun. Kɛ ɔ dili afuɛ nsan, i albɔmu nga be flɛ i kɛ “Na Afriki” mɔ i bo yɛle kɛ “min Afriki” Dida m’ɔ ti Côte d’Ivoire i wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nin i nglo lɔ lika i afiɛn lɔ aniɛn nun, ɔ yili Dobet Gnahoré i like ngɔ si yo i glo kpa. Afuɛ 2001 nun, ɔ yoli Masa annyia m’ɔ ti sran ble be nzuɛn be nglo yilɛ'n i nun nandoliɛ kun. === Albɔmu nsiɛn === Afuɛ 2003 nun, Tunisie ba nga be flɛ i kɛ Nabil Mehrezi’n, mɔ bo gita basi nin Samba klɛn bofuɛ. Be akpasua sɔ “Dobet Gnahoré” i dunman su yɛ ɔ takaa. Afuɛ 2003 nun, ɔ nin jue yiwlɛ lika nga be flɛ i kɛ ''Contre jour'' (Belgique) be tili be wun aniɛn kɛ be di juman likawlɛ, yɛ man ɔ nin be yili albɔmu nnan. Afuɛ 2010 nun, fɛtri dilɛ 52 su'n, ɔ ɲannin Grammy Award jue nga be flɛ i kɛ “Pearls” i su, ɔ nin India Arie yɛ be toli jue sɔ niɔn. Kɛ mɔ afuɛ kunngba sɔ nu, Paco Séry ɲanni jazz nun akatua sɔ wie ti'n, be yɛ be yoli Côte d'Ivoire lɔ jue tofuɛ nɲɔn klikli nga be ɲannin akatua sɔ niɔn. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2010 nun'n, Clive Govinden nin Boris Tchango be yɛ be yoli gita basi nin bateri bofuɛ mun ɔn. I albɔmu nnan su nu'n, ɔ to jue i Bété, nin Malinké, nin Dida, nin Lingala, nin créole Haïtien, nin Français, nin Anglais aniɛn be nun. I albɔmu nnun su, ''Miziki'', m’ɔ fiteli afuɛ 2018 nun, Dobet Gnahoré ukɛli wun nin Nicolas Repac i junman dilɛ'n naan i jue i nnɛn wa yo wafa nga be flɛ i kɛ Afro-électro. Ɔ kloli Aflansi ploditɛr sɔ i juman'n nga ɔ dili i Mali lɔ jue tofuɛ bla Mamani Keïta i lika'n. Albɔmu sɔ mɔ jue tofuɛ bla i wan “ ɔ ti nniɛ tra su” ɔ kan ndɛ ti kɛ “aunnvuɛ silɛ, klolɛ, fɔundi, like klelɛ” be ndɛ kpa. Aflansi lɔ zurnali nga be flɛ i kɛ Le Monde, ɔ manmannin albɔmu sɔ kɛ ɔ ti “kanni”. Afuɛ 2020 i bo bobolɛ nun, Covid-19 tupkacɛ ti, ɔ sɛli i sin ko trannin Côte d'Ivoire lɔ. Kɛ ɔ sɛli sɔ Côte d'Ivoire lɔ'n ɔ yili i jue Couleur mɔ ti i albɔmu nsiɛn su. I albɔmu i single kikli, Lève-toi (Jaso), ɔ nin Yabongo Lova mɔ ti Côte d'Ivoire Zouglou nun sran dan kun yɛ be yili ɔ. == Juman diwlɛ lika == === Djoli Production === Dobet Gnahoré le i bɔbɔ i jue bolɛ Label (akpasua) kun: Djoli Production. === Sran i su ndɛ === Dobet Gnahoré jali Aflansi lɔ gita bofuɛ kun mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Colin Laroche m’ɔ fin Féline, kɔkun be nin i be trannin afuɛ blu-nin-mɔcuɛ. Dobet Gnahoré le ba nɲɔn. Ɔ uka yalɛfuɛ mun wie. Sika nga be fa yo i sɔ liɛ'n fin i able silɛ nin i jue tolɛ suklu be nun Europe 17 lɔ. === Like yilɛ === == Nzɔliɛ like == '''Décorations''' Côte d’Ivoire droits de l'homme anbasadɛr === Akatua === Afuɛ 2010 nu, ɔ ɲannin Grammy Award, ɔ yoli klɔ su lɔ junman kpafuɛ Klɔ uflɛ nu junman dilɛ i nu kpafuɛ [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q458985}} b00p1nihzd1qbuvioj77317l6y4ud6a 0 3610190 6707179 6698272 2025-07-10T20:43:50Z Hauwau sulaiman 2590335 6707179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uma Bharati in 2014.jpg|thumb|Uma Bharati]] [[w:Uma Bharti|Uma Bharti]] (an haife ta a ranar 3 Mayu shekarar 1959) ‘yar siyasar kasar Indiya ce a karkashin jam’iyyar Bharatiya Janata kuma tsohuwar Babbar Ministar ta Madhya Pradesh. Bharti ta riki makamai da dama a matakin jiha da kuma tarayya a karkashin Ma’aikatar Bunkasa Tattalin Dan-Adam , Yawon Bude ido, Harkokin Matasa da Wasanni, sannan kuma da lokacin Hako ma’adanan Gawayi da lokacin Ma’aikatar Vajpayee, da kuma lokacin Firayim Ministan Indiya Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Bayan [[w:Narendra Modi|Narendra Modi ]] ya zama Firayim Minista a 2014, a nada ta matsayin Ministan Ruwa, Bunkasa Kogi, da kuma sabunta [[w:Ganga|Kogin Ganga]]. == Zantuka == * Ko yaya, a yayinda lokaci ya wuce, marasa addini sun zo nan, mafi yawanci saboda dalilan kasuwanci. Wannan ya janyo fushi halitta a Kedarnath a 2013. **On the cause of the [[w:2013 North India floods|2013 North India floods]], as quoted in {{Wq/ha/Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/uma-says-human-excretion-caused-u-khand-floods/story-W2nKvhNtpMw9ndaiJY0EGJ.html|title=Uma says ‘human excretion’ caused U'khand floods|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=17 September 2014}} [[Category:Wq/ha]] 7nz3n8a3khk9bvl1orr49mrqscorxsi 0 3610226 6707171 6691472 2025-07-10T20:40:01Z RevSky225 2602446 correction d'article 6707171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kandet Kanté''' ti jue tofuɛ m’ɔ fin Guinée lɔ’n, m’ɔ kaci li Côte d'Ivoire fuɛ, kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2004 i mɛ nun, yɛ Mandingue jue mun yɛ ɔ to ɔ. Ɔ le albɔmu nsan, i kasiɛn'n be flɛ i kɛ La fille de soundjata (Soudjata wa bla), ɔ ɲannin Mandingue jue tolɛ nun akatua dan afuɛ 2006 nun Conakry lɔ. Kandet to jue Malinké nin blɔfuɛ nin Soussou aniɛn be nun, afin, i wan man sran kaka be ti i ndɛ nga ɔ kan be mun. Klolɛ, nin bo kun yolɛ, nin sran wun ndɛ kanlɛ, nin tukpacɛ nga be saci mɛn, nin sa nga be tɔ sran be su, ɔ nin Ɲanmiɛn sulafilɛ, be yɛ be ti ndɛ ti bɔ ɔ klo be kpa ɔ. == Jue tolɛ'n ti bakan akloliɛ == Kɛ cɛn kun, ɔ kaci jue tofuɛ dan'n ɔ yoli Kandet Kanté i sunsunlɛ dan kɛ ɔ fɛ i bakan nun afin ɔ ti awlobo kun mɔ sran dandan be o nun, be nun wie yɛle Mory Kanté, nin Manfila Kanté, nin Dianka Diabaté...I sɔ ti man jue tolɛ kakaa wa to man wa fuɛn mɛn i niɔn. Jennifer Lopez nin Janet Jackson be jue tolɛ nin be able silɛ yɛ ɔ jɛli ɔ. == I jue tolɛ junman == === I jue tolɛ i bobolɛ === Kɛ Kandet wunnin i kaan nun sa keklee nga be o i tranlɛ nun lɔ'n, Abobo lɔ Marley, Kandet ɔ yacili suklu dilɛ kpɛkun ɔ boli akpɔ su wlanlɛ'n bo. Ɔ kloli sran ble mun be able silɛ akpasua nga be flɛ kɛ Tam-Tam de "Panafricain", ɔ nin be suannin able silɛ, nin jue tolɛ. I junman boli i bo afuɛ 1986 nun Abobo jue tofuɛ akpasua sɔ mɔ kacili i dunman kpɛ sunman nun, be flɛli i ekun kɛ “Ensemble Milo”. Kɛ Kandet dii junman sɔ akpasua sɔ nun'n, Côte d'Ivoire lɔ jue tofuɛ dan nga be flɛ i kɛ Aïcha Koné, ɔ fɛli i kɛ ɔ nin i be yi video i albɔmu dan nga be flɛ i kɛ “de décision” m’ɔ fiteli 1990 nun. Cɛn kun, kɛ be yi Diva'n i jue nga be flɛ i kɛ “de décision” i klipu su like'n, ɔ nin Souleyman Koly m’ɔ i yɛ maan i nguan wa kaci'n be yiali. Afuɛ 1991 nun, ɔ wluli "Kotéba" nun, ɔ nin be ɔli Oncle Sam i nvle 50'n be nun 46 nun. Sanngɛ kɛ ɔ yo sɔ, ɔ nin akpasua kɛ Imako, nin Tchetché, nin Jeune ballet d’Afrique Noire man i nyru a tin juman nun kpa. Koteba akpasua'n kleli i nsraa nun fitelɛ juman kpa : able silɛ, teatri, jue tolɛ, ɔ nin sran wunmuan kacilɛ. Ɔ nin Maaté Keita, Djintinin Fi, Niama nin Alama Kanté, yɛ i nyru kpɛn bla mun, be dili juman man Koteba i nyin fiteli. Kɛ ɔ wunnin kɛ ɔ su kɔ i ɲrun ti'n, ɔ kpɔcili wun, yɛ ɔ jasoli Koteba nun afuɛ 2001 i awieliɛ lɔ, ɔ nin able silɛ nin i klelɛ akatua i nyanlɛ. === I jue mun === ==== I albɔmu klikli ==== Kandet Kanté ti klanman, yɛ ɔ si like yo kpa, ɔ ti jajra ja kɛ manekɛn sa, i ɲrun yo nyɛnmɛn kpa, yɛ i nɛn yofɛ. I nguan nun sa mu yɛ ɔ jran su yili Kotébana niɔn, i albɔmu klikli fiteli Nouvelle Jat Music i sua nun Côte d’Ivoire lɔ afuɛ 2003 nun. Ɔ ti i jue bolɛ junman klanman kpa i bo bolɛ. Kotebana fali ajuin talua'n, jue tofuɛ nin able sifuɛ'n Show-biz nun, ɔ fali jue kɛ Kotebana, nin Les mamans d’Afrique, nin Forcé fourou (be we kekle su aja), ɔ nin jue uflɛ wie mun ekun. ==== Kɛ ye yanlɛ ba'n ==== I albɔmu nɲɔn su, mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Chauffer moteur m’ɔ fiteli afuɛ 2004 nun, yɛ ɔ yili i nglo sran kwlaa ɲrun ɔn, kɔkun ɔ wlɛli i juman i fanngan. Album sɔ ti, be mɛnnin i akatua kaka nvle nun, nin nvle uflɛ'm be nun. E kwla kan akatua dan Prix Tamani Mandingue jue tofuɛ'm be akatua'n afuɛ 2006 nun, ɔ nin Tiercé Gagnant, ɔ nin Eburnie Music Awards akatua mun be ndɛ. ==== I albɔmu kasiɛn ==== Ɔ yili i albɔmu nsan su, mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Soundjata, l’Afrique combat, afuɛ 2006 nun, i jue klofuɛ mun be klun jɔoli i nɛn fɛ su. Kandet i jue sɔ nun, ɔ kan ndɛ sunman kɛ SIDA (tukpacɛfuɛ be kwlaa be aɲrunɲansa), Côte d’Ivoire lɔ alɛ, sran wun ndɛ kanlɛ, be wun fɔ bulɛ, mɛn nun ndɛ mun. I jue be nu dan kun yɛlɛ Kozoko, ɔ kan awlo lɔ tranlɛ i ndɛ, yɛ kun ekun kan sran ble be alɛ i ndɛ. Ɔ man sran ble be alɛ kunfuɛ yakpafuɛ, mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Soundjata Keita. Ɔ fata kɛ e kan kɛ sran ng’ɔ yili jue sɔ, ɔ takali jue yilɛ ni jue tolɛ lika kun mɔ be flɛ i kɛ Kandet Song Music House. == I albɔmu muan == * ''Soundjata, l'Afrique combat'', albɔmu ng’ɔ fiteli afuɛ 2006 nu * ''Chauffer moteur'', albɔmu n'ga fiteli 2004 nu * ''Kotébana'', albɔmu ng’ɔ fiteli afuɛ 2003 nun [[Category:Wp/bci]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3192592}} 3siv5jqb94twin8uaykskkjinwh3ivj 10 3610440 6707410 6706347 2025-07-11T10:08:10Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wb/syl/Navbox | name = Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; {{tl|Cite book}} : books ; {{tl|Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{tl|Cite document}} : short, stand-alone, offline documents ; {{tl|Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{tl|Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{tl|Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{tl|Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{tl|Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{tl|Cite map}} : maps ; {{tl|Cite news}} : news articles ; {{tl|Cite newsgroup}} : online newsgroups ; {{tl|Cite press release}} : press releases ; {{tl|Cite report}} : unpublished reports ; {{tl|Cite sign}} : signs, plaques ; {{tl|Cite speech}} : speeches ; {{tl|Cite tech report}} : technical reports ; {{tl|Cite thesis}} : theses ; {{tl|Cite web}} : web sources | group2 = Preprint templates | list2 = * {{tl|Cite arXiv}} * {{tl|Cite bioRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite CiteSeerX}} * {{tl|Cite medRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite SSRN}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{tl|Cite AV media}} * {{tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{tl|Cite episode}} * {{tl|Cite podcast}} * {{tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bannyjp4re26xy65hdtowcnx6vq1ton 6707411 6707410 2025-07-11T10:09:18Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wb/syl/Navbox | name = wb/syl/Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:wb/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:wb/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = wb/syl/Hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite book}} : books ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{tl|Cite document}} : short, stand-alone, offline documents ; {{tl|Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{tl|Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{tl|Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{tl|Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{tl|Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{tl|Cite map}} : maps ; {{tl|Cite news}} : news articles ; {{tl|Cite newsgroup}} : online newsgroups ; {{tl|Cite press release}} : press releases ; {{tl|Cite report}} : unpublished reports ; {{tl|Cite sign}} : signs, plaques ; {{tl|Cite speech}} : speeches ; {{tl|Cite tech report}} : technical reports ; {{tl|Cite thesis}} : theses ; {{tl|Cite web}} : web sources | group2 = Preprint templates | list2 = * {{tl|Cite arXiv}} * {{tl|Cite bioRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite CiteSeerX}} * {{tl|Cite medRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite SSRN}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{tl|Cite AV media}} * {{tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{tl|Cite episode}} * {{tl|Cite podcast}} * {{tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> jhj06flx4dung82b04urvkkmhjz6rpq 6707413 6707411 2025-07-11T10:13:41Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wb/syl/Navbox | name = wb/syl/Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:wb/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:wb/syl/Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = wb/syl/Hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite book}} : books ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite document}} : short, stand-alone, offline documents ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{wb/syl/Tl|Cite map}} : maps ; {{tl|Cite news}} : news articles ; {{tl|Cite newsgroup}} : online newsgroups ; {{tl|Cite press release}} : press releases ; {{tl|Cite report}} : unpublished reports ; {{tl|Cite sign}} : signs, plaques ; {{tl|Cite speech}} : speeches ; {{tl|Cite tech report}} : technical reports ; {{tl|Cite thesis}} : theses ; {{tl|Cite web}} : web sources | group2 = Preprint templates | list2 = * {{tl|Cite arXiv}} * {{tl|Cite bioRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite CiteSeerX}} * {{tl|Cite medRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite SSRN}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{tl|Cite AV media}} * {{tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{tl|Cite episode}} * {{tl|Cite podcast}} * {{tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ladxv8izknsat89sdosre6rzxo83za4 0 3611127 6707320 6694473 2025-07-11T05:38:46Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Information 6707320 wikitext text/x-wiki == పల్లె జీవితం == పల్లె జీవితం అనేది భారతదేశంలోని గ్రామీణ సమాజాల సంస్కృతి, జీవన విధానం, వ్యవసాయం, అనుబంధ సంబంధాలను సూచిస్తుంది. ఇది ప్రకృతితో సమన్వయం, సంప్రదాయ విలువలు, సామాజిక కలయికతో కూడిన జీవన శైలి. === ముఖ్యాంశాలు === * పల్లెలో ప్రధాన ఉపాధి వ్యవసాయం. * కుటుంబాలు సాధారణంగా సంయుక్తంగా నివసిస్తాయి. * పండుగలు, జానపద కళలు, భక్తి పాటలు ప్రజల జీవితంలో భాగం. * గ్రామ పంచాయతీ పాలన వ్యవస్థ. === సామాజిక వృద్ధి === విద్య, ఆరోగ్యం, పథకాలు ద్వారా గ్రామ అభివృద్ధి జరగుతుంది. ప్రభుత్వ స్కూళ్లు, పశువుల సేవా కేంద్రాలు వంటి సదుపాయాలు గ్రామాల్లో పెరుగుతున్నాయి. === జీవన శైలి === * పల్లెలో జీవితం సాధారణంగా మిత వ్యయంతో కూడినది. * జనాలు ప్రకృతికి దగ్గరగా ఉంటారు — ఉదయం పగలుతో ప్రారంభమై, రాత్రి వేళకు ముగుస్తుంది. * వస్ర్త్రధారణ, ఆహారం, నివాసాలపై స్థానిక సంప్రదాయ ప్రభావం ఎక్కువగా కనిపిస్తుంది. === విద్యా మరియు ఆరోగ్య పరిస్థితి === * గత కొన్ని దశాబ్దాల్లో పల్లెలో విద్యా స్థాయి మెరుగుపడింది. * '''ప్రభుత్వ పాఠశాలలు''', '''ఆంగన్‌వాడీ కేంద్రాలు''', '''ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రాలు''' గ్రామాల్లో ప్రారంభించబడ్డాయి. * '''మహిళా విద్యా ప్రచారం''' మరియు '''ఆరోగ్య అవగాహన శిబిరాలు''' గ్రామ వృద్ధికి తోడ్పడుతున్నాయి. === పల్లె అభివృద్ధి === * '''మహాత్మా గాంధీ జాతీయ గ్రామీణ ఉపాధి హామీ పథకం (MGNREGA)''', '''స్వచ్ఛ భారత్ మిషన్''', '''పురుష్కార గ్రామ పథకం''' వంటి పథకాల ద్వారా గ్రామ అభివృద్ధి ప్రోత్సహించబడుతోంది. * రహదారులు, నీటి సరఫరా, విద్యుత్ వంటి మౌలిక వసతుల అభివృద్ధి జరుగుతోంది. === సాంస్కృతిక ప్రాముఖ్యత === * పల్లెలో '''హరికథలు''', '''బుర్రకథలు''', '''కోలాటాలు''', '''ఒయిలాటం''' వంటి జానపద కళలు ప్రజల వినోదంగా కొనసాగుతున్నాయి. * గ్రామ దేవతలు, స్థానిక మేళాలు, జాత్రలు ప్రజల ఆధ్యాత్మికతకు నిదర్శనంగా ఉంటాయి. === తుదిశబ్దం === పల్లె జీవితం అనేది భారతదేశ సామాజిక, ఆర్థిక, సాంస్కృతిక నిర్మాణానికి మూలస్థంభం. పల్లెల అభివృద్ధి అనేది దేశ అభివృద్ధికి మార్గదర్శకమవుతుంది. [[Category:Wp/xte]] 90j3uipm4h8yxez8v69vte2mb28zbko 6707321 6707320 2025-07-11T05:40:01Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Information 6707321 wikitext text/x-wiki == పల్లె జీవితం == పల్లె జీవితం అనేది భారతదేశంలోని గ్రామీణ సమాజాల సంస్కృతి, జీవన విధానం, వ్యవసాయం, అనుబంధ సంబంధాలను సూచిస్తుంది. ఇది ప్రకృతితో సమన్వయం, సంప్రదాయ విలువలు, సామాజిక కలయికతో కూడిన జీవన శైలి. == ముఖ్యాంశాలు == * పల్లెలో ప్రధాన ఉపాధి వ్యవసాయం. * కుటుంబాలు సాధారణంగా సంయుక్తంగా నివసిస్తాయి. * పండుగలు, జానపద కళలు, భక్తి పాటలు ప్రజల జీవితంలో భాగం. * గ్రామ పంచాయతీ పాలన వ్యవస్థ. == సామాజిక వృద్ధి == విద్య, ఆరోగ్యం, పథకాలు ద్వారా గ్రామ అభివృద్ధి జరగుతుంది. ప్రభుత్వ స్కూళ్లు, పశువుల సేవా కేంద్రాలు వంటి సదుపాయాలు గ్రామాల్లో పెరుగుతున్నాయి. === జీవన శైలి === * పల్లెలో జీవితం సాధారణంగా మిత వ్యయంతో కూడినది. * జనాలు ప్రకృతికి దగ్గరగా ఉంటారు — ఉదయం పగలుతో ప్రారంభమై, రాత్రి వేళకు ముగుస్తుంది. * వస్ర్త్రధారణ, ఆహారం, నివాసాలపై స్థానిక సంప్రదాయ ప్రభావం ఎక్కువగా కనిపిస్తుంది. == విద్యా మరియు ఆరోగ్య పరిస్థితి == * గత కొన్ని దశాబ్దాల్లో పల్లెలో విద్యా స్థాయి మెరుగుపడింది. * '''ప్రభుత్వ పాఠశాలలు''', '''ఆంగన్‌వాడీ కేంద్రాలు''', '''ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రాలు''' గ్రామాల్లో ప్రారంభించబడ్డాయి. * '''మహిళా విద్యా ప్రచారం''' మరియు '''ఆరోగ్య అవగాహన శిబిరాలు''' గ్రామ వృద్ధికి తోడ్పడుతున్నాయి. == పల్లె అభివృద్ధి == * '''మహాత్మా గాంధీ జాతీయ గ్రామీణ ఉపాధి హామీ పథకం (MGNREGA)''', '''స్వచ్ఛ భారత్ మిషన్''', '''పురుష్కార గ్రామ పథకం''' వంటి పథకాల ద్వారా గ్రామ అభివృద్ధి ప్రోత్సహించబడుతోంది. * రహదారులు, నీటి సరఫరా, విద్యుత్ వంటి మౌలిక వసతుల అభివృద్ధి జరుగుతోంది. == సాంస్కృతిక ప్రాముఖ్యత == * పల్లెలో '''హరికథలు''', '''బుర్రకథలు''', '''కోలాటాలు''', '''ఒయిలాటం''' వంటి జానపద కళలు ప్రజల వినోదంగా కొనసాగుతున్నాయి. * గ్రామ దేవతలు, స్థానిక మేళాలు, జాత్రలు ప్రజల ఆధ్యాత్మికతకు నిదర్శనంగా ఉంటాయి. == తుదిశబ్దం == పల్లె జీవితం అనేది భారతదేశ సామాజిక, ఆర్థిక, సాంస్కృతిక నిర్మాణానికి మూలస్థంభం. పల్లెల అభివృద్ధి అనేది దేశ అభివృద్ధికి మార్గదర్శకమవుతుంది. [[Category:Wp/xte]] mi0wb3f43ct8bdbxp3p6tjzxq8t11so 0 3611132 6707304 6694478 2025-07-11T05:13:34Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info 6707304 wikitext text/x-wiki == కొండపల్లి బొమ్మల కళ == కొండపల్లి బొమ్మలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్రంలోని విజయవాడ సమీప గ్రామమైన కొండపల్లి వాసుల చేత తయారయ్యే జానపద కళాఖండాలు. === బొమ్మల తయారీ === * మృదువైన “తెళ్లపాల చెట్టు” వూడి ఉపయోగిస్తారు. * ప్రతి బొమ్మ చేతితో చెక్కబడుతుంది. * ప్రకృతి ఆధారిత రంగులు వాడతారు. === బొమ్మల రకాలు === * బాలల ఆటబొమ్మలు – బుల్లెట్టు, పల్లకీ * జానపద జీవితం – రైతు, మహిళా, పండుగల దృశ్యాలు * జంతువులు, పక్షులు, దేవతలు == కళాకారుల వృత్తి జీవితం == * ఈ కళను సాధారణంగా నక్కల వంశీయులు అనబడే కుటుంబాలు కొనసాగిస్తున్నారు. * ఈ వృత్తికి ప్రధాన ఆదాయం పండగల సమయంలో వచ్చే అమ్మకాలే. * ప్రభుత్వం కొన్నిసార్లు శిక్షణా శిబిరాలు, మేళాలు నిర్వహించి కళాకారులకు సహాయం చేస్తోంది. * విద్యార్థులు మరియు శిల్పకళాభిమానులు ఈ గ్రామానికి పర్యటనలు చేస్తూ నేర్చుకుంటారు. == వారసత్వం మరియు అంతర్జాతీయ గుర్తింపు == * కొండపల్లి బొమ్మలకు భారత జాతీయ జానపద కళలో ప్రత్యేక స్థానం ఉంది. * ఇవి విదేశీ పర్యాటకులకు స్మారక వస్తువులుగా అమ్మబడుతున్నాయి. * కొండపల్లి కళను Geographical Indication (GI Tag) కలిగించే ప్రక్రియకు చొరవ తీసుకొనబడింది. * తెలుగు సంస్కృతిని ప్రతిబింబించే కళగా ఈ బొమ్మలు రాష్ట్ర ప్రతీకగా నిలిచాయి. === కళా ప్రాముఖ్యత === ఈ కళ గడచిన శతాబ్దాలుగా పల్లె సంస్కృతిని ప్రతిబింబిస్తోంది. నేటికీ ఉగాది, శ్రావణం వంటి పండుగలకి ఈ బొమ్మలు కొనుగోలు చేయబడుతుంటాయి. [[Category:Wp/xte]] 21hplmiv6rsg8zr60vt27jigpoweg52 0 3611141 6707313 6694487 2025-07-11T05:24:21Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Info 6707313 wikitext text/x-wiki == పింగళి సూరన – ద్వితీయ కవిత్రయిలో మహర్షి == పింగళి సూరన 16వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప తెలుగు కవి. ఇతను తెనాలి రామకృష్ణుడు, ధూర్జటి లతో కలసి ద్వితీయ కవిత్రయం లో ఒకడిగా ఖ్యాతి పొందాడు. === రచనలు === * రఘువీర చరితము – శృంగార-వీర రసాలతో కూడిన కావ్యం. * కలాపూర్ణోదయం – ప్రపంచంలోనే తొలిచక్రవ్యూహ రచనగా పరిగణించబడుతుంది. * ప్రభావతి ప్రసాద – సామాన్య కథలో గొప్ప తాత్వికత. === సాహిత్య శైలి === * తాత్వికత, భాషా సౌందర్యం కలగలిసిన రచనలు. * సూరన పద్యాలపై విశ్వవిద్యాలయాల్లో పరిశోధనలు సాగుతున్నాయి. === విశేషాలు === * పద్యాల్లో ఛందస్సు ఆధిపత్యం. * తెనాలిలో జననం, తాడిపత్రి వద్ద రచనలు. === సాహిత్య వారసత్వం === * సూరన రచనలపై అనేక విశ్వవిద్యాలయాల్లో పరిశోధనలు జరుగుతున్నాయి. * ఆయన సాహిత్య చాతుర్యం, తాత్విక ప్రసక్తులు విశేషంగా ప్రశంసించబడ్డాయి. * ఆయనను చాలామంది తెలుగు మేధావుల ఆదర్శ కవిగా భావిస్తారు. * కలాపూర్ణోదయం వంటి రచనలు ఆధునిక సాహిత్య విమర్శకులకు ప్రత్యేక అధ్యయన అంశంగా ఉన్నాయి. [[Category:Wp/xte]] [[Category:Wp/xte/తెలుగు కవులు]] [[Category:Wp/xte/ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ సాహిత్యం]] [[Category:Wp/xte/విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్య కవులు]] 0g6c9kuj6pwtnblsdqkdna4pz0l7vwu 0 3611145 6707303 6694491 2025-07-11T05:07:03Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added extra info 6707303 wikitext text/x-wiki == తాళ్లపాక తిమ్మక్క – తొలి తెలుగు కవయిత్రి == తాళ్లపాక తిమ్మక్క (తాళ్ళపాక పెద్దమ్మగా ప్రసిద్ధి) 15వ శతాబ్దపు తొలి తెలుగు కవయిత్రిగా ప్రసిద్ధి పొందారు. ఆమె తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్యుని భార్య. == జీవితం == * తాళ్లపాక తిమ్మక్క ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్‌లోని తాళ్ళపాక గ్రామంలో జన్మించారు. ఆమె 15వ శతాబ్దానికి చెందినవారు. ప్రసిద్ధ వైష్ణవ భక్త కవి తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్యుని భార్యగా ఆమె సాహిత్యాభిమానం కల కుటుంబంలో జీవించారు. ఆమె జీవితంలో భక్తి, గృహస్తధర్మం, కవిత్వం మలచుకున్న త్రిమూర్తులుగా నిలిచాయి == కుటుంబ నేపథ్యం == * తిమ్మక్క తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమయ్య భార్యగా మాత్రమే కాకుండా, ఆధ్యాత్మికంగా ఆయనకు తోడుగా నిలిచిన పాఠశాలా వనిత. తల్లి, భార్య, సాహిత్యకారిణిగా ఆమె పాత్ర ఉదాత్తమైనది * ఆమె కుమారులు పెద్ద తిరుమలాచార్యులు, చిన్న తిరుమలాచార్యులు కూడా హరినామ సంకీర్తనలో ప్రముఖులుగా ఎదిగారు. తాళ్లపాక కుటుంబం నాటి తెలుగు భక్తి సాహిత్యంలో వెలుగు వహించిన కుటుంబంగా గుర్తించబడుతుంది. == భక్తి భావన == * తిమ్మక్క పద్యాలలో భక్తి, శృంగారము సమన్వితమై ఉంటాయి. ముఖ్యంగా విష్ణుభక్తి ప్రధానంగా కనిపిస్తుంది. ఆమె రచనలలో దైవభక్తి, సఖి భావం, పరమాత్ముడి పై అఢితమైన నమ్మకం వ్యక్తమవుతాయి. ఆమె భక్తి భావనలో మహిళా ఆత్మవిశ్వాసం, నిమగ్నత, మరియు శరణాగతి తత్వాలు ప్రధానంగా కనిపిస్తాయి == సాహిత్య వారసత్వం == * తాళ్లపాక తిమ్మక్క రచనల్లో భక్తి-శృంగార కలయిక అనన్యమైనది. ఆమె రచనలపై ఆధారపడిన పాఠాలు, శతకాలు, స్తోత్రాలు తర్వాతి తరం రచయితలకు దిశానిర్దేశకాలు అయ్యాయి. భారతదేశంలో స్త్రీల సాహిత్య ప్రాతినిధ్యం పరంగా ఆమె తొలి చిహ్నంగా నిలిచారు. ఆమె పేరుతో మహిళా సాహిత్యాన్ని అధ్యయనం చేసే అనేక పరిశోధనలు కొనసాగుతున్నాయి. === రచనలు === * శృంగార శతకం – విష్ణువు పై భక్తితో కూడిన శృంగార పద్యాలు. * సాహిత్యంగా వీరభక్తి, ఆత్మవిశ్వాసం కలగలిపిన శైలిలో రచనలు. === కవిత్వ లక్షణాలు === * ఆధ్యాత్మిక భావాలు, మహిళా దృష్టికోణం కలిగిన పాశురాలు. * దేవీ భక్తి, కుటుంబ పరమార్థాల సమ్మేళనం. === ప్రాముఖ్యత === * తొలి తెలుగు కవయిత్రిగా సాహిత్యంలో స్థిరమైన గుర్తింపు. * పురుషాధిపత్య కవిత్వంలో మహిళా గొంతుకగా నిలిచిన తొలి ఉదాహరణ. [[Category:Wp/xte]] [[Category:Wp/xte/తెలుగు కవయిత్రులు]] [[Category:Wp/xte/భక్తి సాహిత్యం]] [[Category:Wp/xte/శతాబ్దాల కవిత్వం]] 7l1elne5lenelyh9l0gkxja17yfe32e 0 3611271 6707345 6696756 2025-07-11T06:29:51Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henri Émile Benoît Matisse''' (French: [ɑ̃ʁi emil bənwa matis]; 31 hywan swak bu̱ a̱hwa 1869 – 3 hywan swak bu̱ a̱yring 1954) a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok wwang ma̱mmwuk nyai Furans. Ba yin ku bvwo bu̱ du̱wat ti na nyya pfwong tsu̱tswat di ka̱bvwan a̱n yya nkyang na wwut ba̱zu̱zrak ni wwon a̱ bvo byyi bvwo u̱ wwang bū̇ wwut bu̱ na̱nok. A̱ yin yet a̱wwang na̱nok bu̱ sruk a̱kpa du̱jem bu̱ shap nkyang ma a̱ byyi cet u̱ du̱ssuk a rau kpit nkyang a. [1] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] 8owfhwfk4dyckx54qyegz2qs23b669l 0 3611274 6707344 6705538 2025-07-11T06:28:28Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dante Alighieri''' (Italian: [ˈdante aliˈɡjɛːri] Nye ba yin ku yya baptisman bu̱ du̱yrek Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;[a] c. Hywan pffwon 1265 – hywan akumbvuyring ka̱tuk 14, 1321), [b] a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Italiya[c] a̱ jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk, bu̱ du̱jem a̱kpa bu̱ a̱dudut a̱huhwa. [6] Na̱ta̱nbvwai nu na ba yin nyei Comedìa ni (modern Italian: Commedia) a̱ cong a̱ su shei a̱ yei Divina a̱nyyi Giovanni Boccaccio, [7] nu ba hwa di a̱ yin yet a̱zuzrak a̱ntyok du̱jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk a̱nyyi ka̱ram a̱yyu bu̱ a̱tsitsrak du̱jem nwap Itali nu. Dante a̱ yin tssa a̱ jem du̱jem nu ti an wap du̱ryem nba ti nyyi Tuscan na na̱ ryyat ni, ka̱ram a̱ ya a̱kpok na̱jem u na sshi an wap Latin nyyi na ba̱nyet ba a nat du̱twang ni a̱ mi a̱ ssha a̱ twang wwon a̱kpok ba̱nyet jem n ba nu a̱ yin jem a zan nwap french a̱u Provençal. Pfwong nu na De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) nkpa yin yet ka̱tsitsrang ka, u tyyak ka̱bvwa ssang nwap nba na u̱ na̱kpri du̱twang. Yya pfwong di nwap Florentine nu na da ni di The New Life (1295) and Divine Comedy yin brang u̱ jji ka̱bvwa ssang nwap nhwai Itali na. Npfwong nu na a̱ mi a̱ yin jji ka̱tsan ka a̱kpak ba̱nyet du̱jem nwap Itali nu a ssang a̱zuka̱pffun ni da ni Petrarch bu̱ Boccaccio bā̇nyet ba a̱ yin ku tsuup ni. Dante a yin yet ka̱kpang u̱ wruk bu̱ pfwong ryyat wap Itali na a̱ sshi bu̱ ka̱bvwa ssang ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba a jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk ni u̱ ka̱byen ka bu̱ ba̱ngwak u̱ ka̱sa ka.[10] Yya ji na yin wruk bu ryyi bvwong a̱ntazwa ka̱yabyen, ka̱ryi ndong bu̱ ta̱zwa ni a̱ yin tyyi ba̱nyet a̱ tat a̱ssu u ka̱zzu du̱jem bu̱ wwang a̱kpa u ka̱sa ka.[11][12] A yin kkwat a̱zancci ba̱nyet jem a̱zanshong da ni di Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton, bu Alfred Tennyson, bu̱ ba̱yaan ba̱7gungang. Npfwok bu uyemi nu a̱ yin yet ka̱son a̱ yya pfwong a na ra ndang ntat tyyi na shim u duwan au pfwong terza rima . is attributed to him.Nu a mi ba na n yei Atyyi nwap Italia nu [13] wwon kayat Itali nu bana n yei il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").[14] Dante, Petrarch, bu Boccaccio nba ba nyei tre corone ("three crowns") anyyi nwap Italia nu. Dante was born in Florence, Republic of Florence, in what is now Italy. The exact date of his birth is unknown, although it is believed to be around May 1265.[18][19][20] This can be deduced from autobiographic allusions in the Divine Comedy. Its first section, the Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon the journey of our life"), implying that Dante was around 35 years old, since the average lifespan according to the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and since his imaginary travel to the netherworld took place in 1300, he was most probably born around 1265. Some verses of the Paradiso section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible clue that he was born under the sign of Gemini: "As I revolved with the eternal twins, I saw revealed, from hills to river outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us so ferocious" (XXII 151–154). In 1265, the sun was in Gemini between approximately May 11 and June 11 (Julian calendar).[1] Dante a̱ yin hywa di tsutswat nu na wruk nyyai a kukkwo nsot ba̱nyet Roma (Inferno, XV, 76), ma a̱yin nu na maai a̱̱ ta̱twang ni nu a̱ yet a̱tyyi akkwop a̱ta̱ntong a̱mba̱tat Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), nu babyin byin kayat arya 1100. Atyyi nu ami ba yin yei Alighiero di Bellincione, antyok a̱bvwan bu̱ wwat kwap nkrum,[21] wwon A̱na nu Bella, ba hwa a̱ yin nyyai u ka̱ryyi Abati, ba̱nyet ssha hywat Florentine.[22] A̱na nu a̱ yin kkwu na kan tat a̱rya swak ba. Alighiero a yya yreng yaan a bvwa Lapa di [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] a97re3u6r9zmkeka63l6ingukvbo2uw 0 3611278 6707343 6705493 2025-07-11T06:26:56Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anton Pavlovich Chekhov'''[a] (/ˈtʃɛkɒf/;[3] Russian: Антон Павлович Чехов[b], IPA: [ɐnˈton ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕexəf]; 29 an hywan yring (29/1/1860)[c] – 15 hywan a̱tu̱yring 1904 [d]) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Roshya jem takwaan a̱nbvwo bu̱ na̱maccwang nkkang, ba yin ku bvo bu̱ cet nbvwak du̱jem ka̱ram a̱ ya. Pfwong nu̱ na yin wruk bu̱ a̱kpa ta̱kwaan a̱nbvwo ba̱ na a̱naai wwon na̱sham nkkang nu na ba na nywa ba̱gu̱ngang an tsa̱kkat ba̱nyet wwang a̱kpa bu̱ zop du̱jem. [e][5][6] Ndung bu̱ Henrik Ibsen bu̱ August Strindberg, Chekhov a̱mi ba hwa a bvwo ta̱twang a̱ yet a̱yring ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba̱tat ba a̱ yin nbyyi tat wruk a̱hwai ka̱ssu a̱nzzum ni. (7) A̱ yin yet a̱bvok da ni na ru n hywa ni "Bvok a̱mi yet ka̱ssu a̱mbyring nzuk ka," a̱ bvo hywa di du̱jem a̱kpa a̱ mi yet a̱mbrying u̱ n sak a̱zugak ni. "[8][9] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] kxudidpc8thv3m7wdfkvf15tv4ybkpo 0 3611279 6707342 6706119 2025-07-11T06:25:16Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geoffrey Chaucer''' (/ˈdʒɛfri/ /ˈtʃɔːsər/; JEF-ree CHAW-sər; c. 1343 – 25 hywan swak 1400) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk a̱nyyi nshong, a̱ bvo yet ka̱won pfwong ka ba yin ku bvwo bu̱ kpa na na̱ yin n yei "The Canterbury Tales". [1] Ba yin ku yei a̱tyyi dujem a̱nyyi nwap nshong a̱u a̱tyyi a̱nyyi du̱jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk nshong. Nu̱ ba yin ta̱son a̱ nyaat u̱ ryak ka̱rak ka ba n yei ka̱gwut ba̱nyet a̱bvom a̱tushuk ka ni. [2] Chaucer a̱ bvo yin tyi du̱yrek u̱ yet a̱ntyok byyi a̱za̱ncci a̱huhwa bu̱ ccang na̱ta̱ngwat bu̱ nkyang sshi a nunyaan. A̱ yin nyya pfwong ssang zang ka̱tan an hywan a̱ bvo yet a̱ntyok hywa ba hok bu̱ a̱yin nu a ssang ka̱konu bā̱nyet nu ba ni, ba yin ku tssa na nat a̱̱gba̱dang ka̱ryyi du̱tyok bu̱ brang ka̱byen a̱nyyi Ingiland nyyai a̱za̱gbang Kent. Ka̱yat npfwong ka na yin yya ni, kpa a yin sshi ba kpa yei nyyi Duchess, bu̱ The House of Fame, bu̱ The Legend of Good Women, bu̱ Troilus bu̱ Criseyde, bu̱ Parlement of Foules. A̱kunkrang a̱ntyok du̱jem, a̱ yin sshi ka̱yat ba̱nyet ba a̱ yin n byyi ba nwwa yya pfwong di shong ka̱ram ka nwap nzaan na yin sshi u̱ ya ka̱son ni. SWATKASA: Ba yin byin Geoffrey Chaucer ka̱ya London, a̱za̱gbang a̱rya 1340s (an nkyang nzaan na zu ccang ni bu̱ ma̱mmwuk nu na, ba yin ku byin u̱ du̱rya 1343), ba bvwo nom a cuccrak ba. A̱tyi a̱kkwop a̱ta̱ntong nu nu̱ Andrew de Chaucer a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok tot ka̱bvwa a̱tyi a̱kkop nu nu Robert Malyn le Chaucer a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok zzap nkyang nhywong wwon a̱tyi nu, John Chaucer, a̱ man comg a̱ bu̱ yet a̱gba̱dang a̱ntyok zzap nkwwa a̱ bvo byyi du̱tyok.[8] A̱kpak ba̱nyet nsot nba nu a̱ yin yet ba̱nyet yya bu̱ zzap Ipswich.[11][12]. TSUUP Chaucer a̱ yin nywa wwon a̱ bvo gwai tsuup Kaza wwon a̱ bvo ma̱n yet ǡntyok tsuup,a yin cong ka̱tolik. Ka̱yat kpa nu ka 'nkkang kanterburi', The Canterbury Tales, na jem: "na ni n naai sa̱rai bā̇nyet ba a̱ hok kyang a ni n jem ni au a̱ twang ni; di ku kyang an sshi ka̱yat nyyi na ba hok a̱nsham nkpa ni, ba gwai A̱tyi Ka̱za jit u̱ Yesu Kristi, Nu a̱ yet ka̱hyok konzan nkyang a yet ni bu ryyi bvwong".[55] Sarei bu̱ ta̱gbak tsuup a, a̱ yin bvwo yya ji ba̱yanyet ka̱yat ba̱nyet tsuup ka ba yi nbyyi cat nkyang ka̱sa bu̱ du̱kpam swat tyei nsum ni, a̱ yin gbyat sang nsum nba na. Chaucer a̱ yin ssang du̱ cet u̱ ba̱ryat ya tung tyyi u̱ byyi tsutswat rot ba ga ryyi a̱ cong zuzrak yya ji Yesu bu̱ kpa na na ba̱n zzak ni.[56] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] 7zpolyjlgvrhp9i2qekidxxk5elpa37 0 3611293 6707335 6706122 2025-07-11T06:15:04Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matsuo Bashō''' (松尾 芭蕉; yei a zu Japanese : [ma.tsɯ.o (|) ba.ɕoː],[2] 1644 – Hywan swak bu̱ ayring 11/28,1694);[3] du̱yrek nbyin Matsuo Kinsaku (松尾 金作, bu̱ shei a nat Matsuo Chūemon Munefusa (松尾 忠右衛門 宗房)[4] nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱tsa̱tsak a̱ngwak jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk u̱ ba yin bvwo Japan ni ka̱ram Edo. Ka̱ram sshi a̱cet nu, Bashō a̱ yin ssha a̱du̱dyep yet a̱ngwak tung yya pfwong ka̱srak haikai bu̱ renga; ka̱pffun bu̱ a̱didit a̱rya nu a̱ kan syak ni, ba hwa nu a̱ yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son haiku (ba yin yei hokku). Nu ba bvo bvwo bu̱ a̱bago du̱jem na̱ccet nyai u̱ du̱jem a̱nyyi (1684), na yin jem ka̱ram ka na̱ yin bra̱k nyai u̱ ka̱ccet'Kyoto bu̱ Nara ni.[5] Npfwong Matsuo Bashō na sshi u̱ kasa ka ba ku bvwo a a̱ kat bu̱ karyyi ka Japan. A̱kpa poetry Npfwong is internationally renowned, and, in Japan, A̱kpak npfwong nu nu̱ ba na wwang a̱nta̱zwa ban-twam u̱ na̱bvwa ba̱gungang a a̱ byyi ta̱da ba̱nyet Japan ni. A̱kpak a̱bvom a̱tushuk u̱ na jem ni a̱ sshi a ba̱ntwam bu̱ na̱bvwa ntada ba̱nyet nba. Di ba yin n ku bvwo a̱zā̱gbang mba bu npfwong hokku ni nu du bvwak nu ā̱ yin nhwa di cet npfwong nu na yin sshi an pfwong renku. Nu ma a̱ yin hywa "akpak ba̱nyet ntsuup u a̱ ssha a̱ jem hokku di n nun jem ni. Ka̱bvwa ka n na n tyyei kyang a n yet ni nka a̱ yet npfwok na̱zzuan haikai."[6] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju wikipedia Outreach]] 3ie0jat3b8myo4ahgmxgmhpiwgw9ffu 0 3611304 6707337 6705626 2025-07-11T06:18:03Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707337 wikitext text/x-wiki Matsuo Bashō''' (松尾 芭蕉; yei a zu Japanese : [ma.tsɯ.o (|) ba.ɕoː],[2] 1644 – hywan swak bu a̱yring ka̱tuk nswang nhwa bu a̱nunai 28, 1694);[3] Du̱yrek nbyin Matsuo Kinsaku (松尾 金作, bu̱ shei a̱ nat í Matsuo Chūemon Munefusa (松尾 忠右衛門 宗房). [4] Nu a̱ yin yet a̱tsatsak a̱ngwak jem a̱bvom a̱tusuk u̱ ba yin bvwo Japan ni ka̱ram Edo. Ka̱ram sshi a̱cet nu, Bashō a yin ssha a̱du̱dyep yet a̱ngwak tung yya pfwong ka̱sraakhaikai no renga; ka̱pfun bu̱ a̱didit a̱ ryya nu a ka̱n syak ni, oday, ka̱ma na̱n krang, ba ku nywa nu a̱yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son haiku ( ba yi n yei hokku). Nu ba̱ bvo ku bvwo bu a̱kpa̱k du̱jem na̱ccet nyyai u̱ du̱jem a̱nyyi "a̱ Records a yyi ka̱bvwa-hywrung nkap (1684)", na yin jem ka̱ram ka na yin n brak nyyai u̱ ka̱ccet'Kyoto bu Nara.[5] Npfwong Matsuo Bashō na sshi u̱ ka̱sa ka ba na bvwo a kat bu ka̱ryyi ka Japan. A̱kpa a̱bvom Npfwong a̱yet sarei ka̱byen a̱mi ba̱nying, bu, u̱ Japan. A̱kpak npfwong nu nu ba na wwang u̱ nswrong bantwam u̱nabvwa ba̱gu̱ngang a a̱ byyi tada Ba̱nyet Japan ni. Ba ba bvwo ba̱gu̱ngang a̱za̱gbang a̱ta̱ntson rot pfwong hokku, nu ma a̱ wrak ka̱ryong a̱zuzrak npfwong nu a sshi u yya pfwong bu kwak kason a Renku. Da̱ ni du̱ na na n hyywa "Banyet n tsuup ba a ssha zzim hokku da̱ ni du̱ n nun jzl ni ma ka̱rak ka n na tyyei a̱nyan n yet nka a̱ yet npfwok nazzwan haikai."[6] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] 3pr9fyvkpti7sh30m8tqy8ce15ahwus 0 3611310 6707334 6706220 2025-07-11T06:13:28Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Nuwas''' (أبو نواس, Abū Nuwās)[a] (756-8 – c. 814) A̱ yin yet a̱kunkrang a̱ntyok jem a̱bvom a̱tushuk Arabic wwon ka̱tsitsrang a̱ntyok ssa̱ng a̱ hwai ka̱zzu (muhdath) a̱bvom a̱tushuk u̱ tat a̱ wruk a ryya a̱nyyi du̱tyok Abbasid Caliphate. A̱ bvo yin nwwa an tada nkkang tashikum nyyi na na̱ yin nwruk bu̱ kpa "Ka̱ta̱tuk ncci kop jring bu ayring", a yin twang du̱twang nu̱ ti Basra bu̱ Al-Kufah, ka̱tsitsrang nbvak Walibah ibn al-Hubab, bu̱ Khalaf al-Ahmar. Ba ku bvwo bu̱ a̱bvom a̱sswa bu̱ Diwan, npfwong nu na ba tung a̱ tyyi ni a̱ yin ccang a̱za̱gbang tsuup bu̱ hwok a̱nsham bu̱ nkyang nzaan. A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Arab bu̱ Pasiya, a yya du̱twang ka̱ya Basra bu̱ al-Kufah, an bvwak Walibah ibn al-Hubab, bu̱ Khalaf al-Ahmar. A̱ bvo yin twang Qur'an, Hadith du̱wat ryaat (grammar). A̱ yin ssha san di ba̱nyet Abbasid caliphs Harun ar-Rashid bu̱ al-Amin.[2] Ba yin byin Abu Nuwat an kkwan du̱tyok Ahvaz (modern Khuzestan Province in Iran) ka̱yat Abbasid Caliphate, ka̱yat agbadang kankrang Ahvaz au na̱nkrang ba̱ hywed. Nom nbyin nu na ba kpa̱sai ba, ba yin ku byin ka̱yat a̱rya 756 bu̱ 758. A̱tyyi nu nu̱ a̱ yin yet Hani, a̱ntyok Arab (nyai Damascus) a̱ yin yya pfwong soja bu̱ a̱ngbom ba̱nyet nzwang Umayyad caliph Marwan II (r. 744–750). A̱na nu a̱ yin nyet a̱nab Persian ba ku yei Gulban, ba yin mon bu̱ Hani na̱ yya pfwong soja na ka̱ya Ahvaz. Ka̱ram a̱ya Abu Nuwas na̱ yet za 10 a̱tyi nu a̱ n nsrang.[3][4] SWATKA̱SA Na̱ yin n yet ka̱bawon ni Abu Nuwas ǡ yin tsuup A̱na nu nu a nat Basra katak Iraq, ka̱yemi na yi su nyya dutwang Qur’an u̱ kakpri ka a ssha yet Hafiz na ru ywt humg ayin. Shusham wat hung nu jibu byyi kassu tyyi banyet avom atushik kazzu kufan a ku cat bat, Abu Usama Waliba ibn al-Hubab al-Asadi, nu a̱ yin sook Abu Nuwas a kufan nu na yet kaba-cincong ǡpfwong. Waliba a̱ yin dyyi za̱nang ji sshi ka̱yat Abu Nuwas ni, a̱ ku ta̱gbak na̱ ntyyi ka̱ssu an pfwong a ni ma a̱ bvo byyi du̱dang nu u̱ rwam nkpa ba nhwa a̱ yin ku bvwo u̱ rwam. Kyang a̱ ni yin tyyi Abu Nuwas ka̱ram ka nan ndai ni a̱ yin byyi ka̱kpyang ka̱yaan bu̱ accwang nzam, ku ta̱twang yya ji ku yi ndyyi bu̱ Waliba ni. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] nz6nyrkvjqseltlppief4i286v2hevo 0 3611345 6707338 6706434 2025-07-11T06:19:40Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo''' (/ˈbɔːrhɛs/ BOR-hess;[2] Spanish: [ˈxoɾxe ˈlwis ˈboɾxes] ⓘ; 24 hywan a̱nunai 1899 – 14 hywan a̱kutat 1986) a̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Argentina a̱ jem na̱ma kukum nkkang bu̱ a̱jinjing nkkwan, a̱bvom a̱tushuk bu̱ bvwan du̱jem tyei an wap nu na, ba yin ku ccang na̱ yet a̱ngwak u̱ jem bu̱ pfwong ryyat Spanish bu̱ nwap nzaan u̱ ka̱sa ka. A̱cecet a̱kunkrang npfwong nu nu̱ ba bvwo ni, Ficciones (transl. Fictions) bu̱ El Aleph (transl. The Aleph), ba yin zzu u̱ du̱rya 1940s, a̱yet tung tyyi na̱man nkkang na yin tung a̱ tyyi, na nyyi na a̱ tyyei ba̱zzak a̱huhwa a̱du̱dam bu̱ nkyang tai ka̱ta̱cci bu̱ yabyen ni.[3] Npfwong Borges a̱ a yin brang u̱ zop a̱huhwa ba̱ryyat kyang nshok bu̱ brang ka̱ccet ka̱ssu nkyang ka̱hat an jen a̱ ya[4]. Ba yin ku byin Buenos Aires, ma na bu̱ brak bu̱ kyang nbvak nu na a̱ nat Switzerland u̱ du̱rya 1914, ka̱yemi na̱ su n twang u̱ ka̱kpri ka ba n yei 'Collège de Genève'. Ba yin cong nkkwan ba̱gungang ka̱yat Europe, nta̱mak Spain. Ka̱ram ka na n brak a̱ nat Argentina ni 1921, Borges a nwwa jem a̱bvom atushuk bu̱ nkkang an yya ji ba̱nyet ka̱zzu du̱jem surrealist ba njem ni. A̱ bvo yya pfwong u̱ bat saai a̱kpa bu̱ cong du̱twang wwon bu̱ ryyat a̱za̱kpai. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. [5] U duurya 1955, ba lku ryyi pfwong na yzt duccu aanyyi agbadanng kabvwa dutwwang bu ssaai akpa anyki kabyenbu a̱gbadang agyyigyak anyyi duwat ryyat bu jang shong agbadang kakpri dutwang anbatat Buenos Aires. Assu na a yin cong a bu bat na tyyi antyok aturan an za 55. Ba gyigyak a yin hwa di duturan ti yin tyyi na nwwa yya nkyang bu azancci bu adudut ahuhwa [Note 1] Bu tat 1960s, ba brak pfwong nu na a̱ kpa̱ zzu a nai a̱ tyak Nabyen Amerika bu̱ Urop. Nu ma a yin dyat nwap ba̱gungang ba̱sat. SWATKASA BU PFWONG during the war. Karam ka zwang agaga kasa kason ji zu yi n tyak ni,karyyi ka sarai a yya za tsat ba swat a nankrang nayaan da ni di Lugano, Barcelona, Mallorca, Seville, and Madrid.[11] Ba yin srwang Urop su kpang durya 1921. Karam aya, Borges a ryyi a bvwong di dujem Arthur Schopenhauer bu̱ Gustav Meyrink's The Golem (1915), which became influential to his work. In Spain, Borges became a member of the avant-garde, anti-Modernismo Ultraist literary movement, inspired by Guillaume Apollinaire and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, close to the Imagists. His first poem, "Hymn to the Sea", written in the style of Walt Whitman, was published in the magazine Grecia.[15] While in Spain, he met such noted Spanish writers as Rafael Cansinos Assens and Ramón Gómez de la Serna.[16] [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] sn7sxnddtumh4abfy6awzxrs3xuxfwq 0 3611346 6707336 6705621 2025-07-11T06:16:35Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jane Austen''' (/ˈɒstɪn, ˈɔːstɪn/ OST-in, AW-stin;16 hywan swak bu̱ a̱hwa (16/12/1775) – 18 hywan a̱tuyring (18/7/1817) a̱ yin yet a̱mbyring jem a̱kpa nshong ba yin ku bvwo bu̱ a̱kpa akutat a na yin jem ni na yyi na a̱ yin zop wwon a byai bu̱ ryyat a̱ntazwa nshong ni karam aya. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] 6ohg7kgd38p43l8fnee4mxajrtj4c01 0 3611347 6707340 6706083 2025-07-11T06:23:08Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707340 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra''' (/sɜːrˈvæntiːz, -tɪz/ sur-VAN-teez, -⁠tiz;[5] Spanish: [miˈɣel de θeɾˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa]; 29 hywan a̱kumbvuyring 1547 (assumed) – 22 hywan naai 1616 NS)[6] A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok du̱jem Supanish ba ku bvwo ba̱zu̱zrak na yet a̱ngwak a̱kwak a̱son u̱ du̱jem nwap Supanish bu̱ a̱ngwak du̱jem nkpa u̱ ka̱sa ka. A̱ tyyi du̱yrek u̱ jem kpa na ban nyei Don Quixote, pfwong a na yin yet ka̱ssu ka̱yat npfwong du̱jem ncei ka̱pffun ni [7][8][9] Ba̱ngwak du̱jem ba̱gungang a̱ kpa̱ yrek a̱ sak an tyan yet a̱tsatsak kpa a̱nyyi konzan ka̱ram bu̱ a̱tsatsak bu̱ a̱zuzrak npfwong u̱ a̱ nat du̱druu bu̱ ka̱sa ka ni an pfwong wap. [10][9] Akpak swatka̱sa nunu a yin sshi u du̱zot nkpa yin byyi npfwong ka̱tsutsrang nu na u bvwuut.Sarei bu a̱mi du̱wan npfwong nu ti bu nkyang a na yin yya ni un brang wap a su kpang kabvwa ka ba ru n hyua di wap sipanish a yet wap nu "the language of Cervantes" U dirya 1569, Cervantes a̱ wwon supen ba di shim nu ba a̱ syak a nat Rome, ka̱yemi na sun yya pfwong u ka̱ryyi cardinal. U durya 1570, na nwwaa soja ba̱shekkwot a̱nyyi Supen, a bu hok a̱shushuk nhyyu an zwang̱ Lepanto an hywan swak du̱rya 1571 ku tyyi na nyyat yya pfong di bvuk myin nu na ba. A ya ka̱son bu̱ pfwong soja na a su kpang 1575, ka̱ram ka ba̱tang jirgi ba̱shekkwot nyai ̈Barbary ba yin ku pyyem ni; na yya za tsson na sshi nbvwak nba, ba tan krum ba ku kai a̱ wwon na brak a Madrid. Katsutsrang a̱tsak nkpa ka na yin jem ni La Galatea, a yin wruk nyai u zzu na u du̱rya 1585, ma na ya ka̱son bu̱ yet a̱ntyok kwoi nkyang a cong a̱ su yet a̱ntyok ssang du̱gandu gomnati. Ka̱zzuan ka̱tsutsrang anyyi kpa Don Quixote a̱ yin wruk u̱ du̱rya 1605, wwon ȧ̱nbahwa nu u ̈durya 1615. Npfwong nzaan a mon bu̱ a̱kpa 12 Novelas ejemplares (Exemplary Novels); ajinjin a̱bvom a̱tushuk, bu Viaje del Parnaso (Kaccet nat Parnassus); bu̱ echo comedias y ocho entremeses (Eight Plays and Eight Interludes). The novel Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda), ba yin na zzu na ka' kkwu u durya 1617. Wa Medrano (also known as the casa de Medrano) in Argamasilla de Alba, which has been known since 17th century, and according to the tradition of Argamasilla de Alba, was the prison of Cervantes and the place where he conceived and began to write Don Quixote.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Azugak yya ji na yin ssha san di banywtvniakoak nkkang swathkasa nu nu a yin sshi an dyinb su mon bu duyrek nu ti bu yya ji na yin wwut ni ma.A yin ssup duyrek Ceebantes ma banuet ku tsot akpa ba a ru jem Cerbantes nti yin kwak kason.U kangbap swatkasa nu ka Cervantes a yya pfwong di duyrek "Saavedra" duyrek anwunyit nu,antyok kwok nkkang swatkasa Luce López-Baralt a yinnhywa di ba ba yin ku yei "Saavedra" duyrek ti hyok nyai an wap Arabic madei shaibedraa, "bvwak yring"one-handed". [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]] erfwx8dta48q44n0xvk5537doto5cc9 0 3611348 6707339 6706433 2025-07-11T06:21:21Z Abukampeteradamu 2603624 6707339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Byrom Whittaker''' (1793–1847) A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok zzap bu̱ tsot nkpa nshong. Ba yin ku byin ka̱ya Southampton an hywan tat u̱ du̱rya 1793, a̱ yin yet ka̱won a̱pfwong ka̱za Rev. George Whittaker, du̱ccu ka̱kpri du̱twang nshong. Bu̱ tat du̱rya 1814 na nwa ka̱kpri ba̱nyet zzap a̱kpa ka̱ya Ave Maria Lane London, kanyyi ka A W. Bidwell Law (d. 1798) na yin tuk ni. Whittaker a̱ yin ba bu̱ krum bu̱ yya ji ba nu̱ nyya pfwong ba̱hyom ka̱yat a̱bvwan ni. Ggwo yring ka̱yat nkyang ka ba yin yya ni nkpa yet bvwan kpa, Georges Cuvier's Ka̱nkrang dutyok nyam (Animal Kingdom), a brak nkrang ka swak bu akutat bu̱ du̱ssuk[1] U̱ du̱rya 1824 a̱ yin yet sheriff anyyi London bu Middlesex. A̱ yin tsot akpa anyyi Frances Trollope, Grattan, George Croly, and Mary Russell Mitford Angbam kpa anyyi Walter Scott a yin wruk bu bvwak npfwong nu wwon kabbwa tsot akpa nu nka a yin kpa zzu ka ya London. Ndung bu banyet zzap bu tsot akpa bu̱ Oxford, Cambridge bu London, da ni di Deighton, Bell, bu̱ kampani George Bell bu̱ nawin nu, a yin wruk bu npfwong anyyi Greek bu Latin. John Payne Collier's edition of Shakespeare (1841) was issued by him. He published educational primers, including the Pinnock Catechisms series, and many other children's books, and he was a promoter of literacy with his Whittaker's Popular Library (Popular Library of Modern Authors).[2][3] Antyok tsot akpa Britin, Joseph Whitaker (1820–1895), nu a yin sak kakpri zzap akpa bu nkyangbdutwang anyyibazunaram u durya 1858 bu Whitaker's Almanack, bu atatwang naram u durya 1869, wwon abtsot akpa u duyrek J. Whitaker bu kpit a. [[Category:Wp/kaj]] [[Category:Wp/kaj/Jju Wikipedia Outreach]]v imyvui9qgoj83so3o7ugiou1xlrnmj0 0 3611851 6707533 6699530 2025-07-11T11:16:30Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ */ 6707533 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} [[Category:Wt/zgh]] pr7dmw9hork0ota3jw30w6weewkvqwy 6707534 6707533 2025-07-11T11:17:01Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ */ 6707534 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} [[Category:Wt/zgh]] tl3c555aw0jaxc0x3inji9zc93ggpvi 6707535 6707534 2025-07-11T11:17:12Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ */ 6707535 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} [[Category:Wt/zgh]] ogy3wsjcfhz9hlautfc559s3ip2wzm7 6707536 6707535 2025-07-11T11:17:52Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} */ 6707536 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} q49imuk7swzx7jspwdtvzw1gk4ez763 6707537 6707536 2025-07-11T11:18:02Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} */ 6707537 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} 96i3k7rjj9cc8zapve15pej0kqus42q 6707539 6707537 2025-07-11T11:18:18Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} */ 6707539 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} == ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ == 8ud7smpx4cvsyevqatxdixi0rgdzgfz 6707540 6707539 2025-07-11T11:18:28Z Lhoussine AIT TAYFST 2556915 /* ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ */ 6707540 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ|zgh}} == == ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ== * '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' * {{Wt/zgh/ⴳⵎⴳ|čuččf}} === ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ=== {{Wt/zgh/ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ |1 = ⵛ |2 = ⴼ }} ===ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ=== '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' {{Wt/zgh/ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ|čuččf}} # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. # '''ⵛⵓⵛⵛⴼⵖ''' ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ===ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ=== {{Wt/zgh/(}} * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⴱⴷⵉⴳ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵏⵔⵓ]] * [[Wt/zgh/#zgh|ⵄⵓⵎⵎ]] {{Wt/zgh/)}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ |ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ}} == {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ|1. ⴰⵙⵙⴱⵃ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.}} * ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|fr|nager}} * ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|en|swim}} * ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ|ar|سبح|}} {{Wt/zgh/ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ}} == ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ == [[Category:Wt/zgh]] 2dxmobieut2xy3yok58gcyxbl02my23 0 3612031 6707295 6698697 2025-07-11T04:50:59Z Jaganeddala 2607848 Added Some visiting places and things to do 6707295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/te/Pagebanner|Chittoor banner.jpg}} '''చిత్తూరు''' ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్‌ రాష్ట్రంలోని పశ్చిమ దిక్కున ఉన్న పట్టణం. ఇది పూల, పండ్ల ఉత్పత్తికి ప్రసిద్ధి. == సందర్శన ప్రదేశాలు == * హొర్షిలీ హిల్స్ * కౌరవకొండ కోట * కనిపాకం వినాయకుడి దేవస్థానం * శ్రీ కలహస్తి * నాగలాపురం జలపాతాలు * గండి మల్లయ్య స్వామి ఆలయం * తలకోన జలపాతాలు * హర్షవర్ధన నికేతన్ * శ్రీపురం గోల్డెన్ టెంపుల్ == చిత్తూరులో కొనవలసిన ప్రసిద్ధ వస్తువులు == * తిరుపతి లడ్డూ * కలియుగ తిలకం ముద్రిత వస్తువులు * గంధపు ద్రవ్యాలు * శ్రీకాళహస్తి కలంకారి వస్త్రాలు * పూల మాలలు మరియు పుష్పాల వస్తువులు * అంగడి లేడ్డులు, స్వీట్లు * తెచ్చుకోదగిన పండ్లు * చిత్తూరు చెక్క కళ * బ్రాస్ మరియు మెటల్ వస్తువులు * ధార్మిక పుస్తకాలు [[Category:Wy/te]] [[Category:Wy/te/Telugu]] 4w8x5uaf8wz4g0fyusk92u779kswu37 10 3612198 6706842 6705774 2025-07-10T14:27:43Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6706842 wikitext text/x-wiki == تموز == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/3 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/4 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/5 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/6 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/7 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/8 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز|true}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> aq57347ly4lptg9ksp0nysh5x3ec4o4 6706856 6706842 2025-07-10T14:30:59Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تحديث 6706856 wikitext text/x-wiki == تموز == {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/1 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/2 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/3 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/4 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/5 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/6 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/7 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/8 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز|true}} {{Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز|true}} <noinclude> [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> 41dt1xu9zisv3o8tzt153w3ep3jj61z 0 3612295 6706797 6706796 2025-07-10T11:59:12Z Jabiwu 2607719 /* Articles for creation */ 6706797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |} | [[:w:en:tooth|tooth]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywín|hywín]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 041cdbhdx5266qyihb33q8vt0yy790m 6706803 6706797 2025-07-10T12:12:35Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706803 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pool|Pool]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 6cczhwa2hxaoltxm7xydv3jh3qvkv16 6706804 6706803 2025-07-10T12:13:56Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706804 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] fix2ms16eatwfa3c75brm7l4bzepf0j 6706807 6706804 2025-07-10T12:19:09Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] cke0qd8fvymyy7v25ch2o0g3pa7r60d 6706814 6706807 2025-07-10T12:24:26Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706814 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] ch54k41x098ekjsctswxhjdl69oz71p 6706823 6706814 2025-07-10T12:55:52Z Jabiwu 2607719 6706823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] d4hnutehghfxymxxi0xx0ltuzmtui8o 6706825 6706823 2025-07-10T12:58:13Z Jabiwu 2607719 6706825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] phw35sd1qq8674zfxm93nkk5vc4p24k 6706910 6706825 2025-07-10T16:58:10Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706910 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 0h6ogunuicwzwlkinyxhh3m9tdme29r 6706914 6706910 2025-07-10T17:01:14Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔh|lɔh]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 2i0vz084c3w9xgz5a2zpksje3mjniq8 6706986 6706914 2025-07-10T17:34:49Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:house|house]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 1x46bc7tm1jrkyoq65m98sts1nj0gnu 6706991 6706986 2025-07-10T17:35:50Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:House|House]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] aq17chxerft92nlbxmm8fdc7v7flbeh 6706996 6706991 2025-07-10T17:42:56Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:House|House]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Dungs|John Dungs]] || [[Wp/bom/John Dungs|John Dungs]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || [[Wp/bom/Michael Botmangs|Michael Botmangs]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || [[Wp/bom/Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || [[Wp/bom/Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || [[Wp/bom/John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] g8iak0yyp3joma984nbzes1ghbne75l 6706999 6706996 2025-07-10T17:47:56Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6706999 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:House|House]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Dungs|John Dungs]] || [[Wp/bom/John Dungs|John Dungs]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || [[Wp/bom/Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || [[Wp/bom/Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || [[Wp/bom/Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || [[Wp/bom/John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || [[Wp/bom/Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] lksu1ae7r37rbmstbqua84afatrwjsv 6707000 6706999 2025-07-10T17:48:44Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6707000 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:House|House]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Dungs|John Dungs]] || [[Wp/bom/John Dungs|John Dungs]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || [[Wp/bom/Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || [[Wp/bom/Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || [[Wp/bom/Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || [[Wp/bom/John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || [[Wp/bom/Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Yakubu Dadu|Yakubu Dadu]] || [[Yakubu Dadu] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 4ybze62i5iy8h0xq7j6h15zob8bxyu3 6707001 6707000 2025-07-10T17:49:05Z Kambai Akau 2560116 /* Articles for creation */ 6707001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:House|House]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Dungs|John Dungs]] || [[Wp/bom/John Dungs|John Dungs]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || [[Wp/bom/Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || [[Wp/bom/Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || [[Wp/bom/Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || [[Wp/bom/John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || [[Wp/bom/Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Yakubu Dadu|Yakubu Dadu]] || [[Wp/bom/Yakubu Dadu|Yakubu Dadu]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] i5ex38e7adcnotjgfr7nzznpe8w9u66 6707347 6707001 2025-07-11T07:25:13Z Tee2emm 2607736 /* Articles for creation */ 6707347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berom Wikipedia Outreach, Banner flex.png|thumb|Berom Wikipedia Outreach Normal Banner]] This page was created for the Berom Wikipedia Outreach event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Berom_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Berom equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Berom Category (Wp/bom) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "''' not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Berom you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Berom. To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Berom text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable ! English Wikipedia !! Berom Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:0|0]] || [[Wp/bom/0|0]] || ''[[User:Elishatoma|Elishatoma]] ([[User talk:Elishatoma|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:1|1]] || [[Wp/bom/1|1]] || ''[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 12:46, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:2|2]] || [[Wp/bom/2|2]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:28, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:3|3]] || [[Wp/bom/3|3]] ||[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 12:36, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/bom/4|4]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:47, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/bom/5|5]] || ''[[User:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|Sarah Niya Danbwarang]] ([[User talk:Sarah Niya Danbwarang|talk]]) 13:11, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/bom/6|6]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:45, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/bom/7|7]] || ''[[User:DaraDudu|DaraDudu]] ([[User talk:DaraDudu|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/bom/8|8]] || ''[[User:Tisloh2|Tisloh2]] ([[User talk:Tisloh2|talk]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/bom/9|9]] || ''[[User:Tokjr|Tokjr]] ([[User talk:Tokjr|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/bom/10|10]] || ''[[User:Daniel Fom|Daniel Fom]] ([[User talk:Daniel Fom|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11 (number)|11]] || [[Wp/bom/11|11]] || ''[[User:VictorFom|VictorFom]] ([[User talk:VictorFom|talk]]) 13:02, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12 (number)|12]] || [[Wp/bom/12|12]] ||[[User:Kimfom01|Kimfom01]] ([[User talk:Kimfom01|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:House|House]] || [[Wp/bom/Lɔ|Lɔ]] || ''[[User:Hadachollom|Hadachollom]] ([[User talk:Hadachollom|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom people|Berom people]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (bemat)|Berom (bemat)]] || ''[[User:Tobiasppchoji|Tobiasppchoji]] ([[User talk:Tobiasppchoji|talk]]) 12:42, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Berom language|Berom language]] || [[Wp/bom/Berom (lɛm)|Berom (lɛm)]] || [[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:41, 5 July 2025 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jonah David Jang|Jonah David Jang]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 12:37, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riyom|Riyom]] || [[Wp/bom/Ryom|Ryom]] || ''[[User:Yakubu Musa|Yakubu Musa]] ([[User talk:Yakubu Musa|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos South|Jos South]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Batin|Jot Batin]] || ''[[User:Pamthomas222|Pamthomas222]] ([[User talk:Pamthomas222|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos North|Jos North]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Bato|Jot Bato]] || ''[[User:Wengtingrated|Wengtingrated]] ([[User talk:Wengtingrated|talk]]) 12:40, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos East|Jos East]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot Ràk|Jot Ràk]] || ''[[User:PrincessHarat|PrincessHarat]] ([[User talk:PrincessHarat|talk]]) 12:38, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/bom/Batin|Batin]] || ''[[User:Jerry Dalyop|Jerry Dalyop]] ([[User talk:Jerry Dalyop|talk]]) 12:49, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/bom/Bato|Bato]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:33, 5 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/bom/Ràk|Ràk]] || ''[[User:Amosrautha|Amosrautha]] ([[User talk:Amosrautha|talk]]) 13:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Evening|Evening]] || [[Wp/bom/Hywegelek|Hywegelek]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 12:21, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Morning|Morning]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagasi|Nagasi]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 12:51, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/bom/Tá|Tá]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center (geometry)|Center]] || [[Wp/bom/Tē|Tē]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 12:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/bom/Gabik Jɛrɛ|Gabik Jɛrɛ]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 11:25, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jos|Jos]] || [[Wp/bom/Jot|Jot]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:34, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/bom/Ngwo|Ngwo]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || [[Wp/bom/Jacob Gyang Buba|Jacob Gyang Buba]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 14:59, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || [[Wp/bom/Dachung Musa Bagos|Dachung Musa Bagos]] || ''[[User:Gadu Israel|Gadu Israel]] ([[User talk:Gadu Israel|talk]]) 15:32, 8 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/bom/Hwey|Hwey]] || ''[[User:Gaison001|Gaison001]] ([[User talk:Gaison001|talk]]) 18:52, 6 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna|Kaduna]] || [[Wp/bom/Kaduna|Kaduna]] || ''[[User:Jabiwu|Jabiwu]] ([[User talk:Jabiwu|talk]]) 13:17, July 10, 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛsu|Yɛsu]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang|Langtang]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang|Langtang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang North|Langtang North]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Bato|Langtang Bato]] || ''[[User:Tee2emm|Tee2emm]] ([[User talk:Tee2emm|talk]]) 07:25, 11 July 2025 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Langtang South|Langtang South]] || [[Wp/bom/Langtang Batin|Langtang Batin]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afternoon|Afternoon]] || [[Wp/bom/Nagwi|Nagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/bom/Naturuk|Naturuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Afizere|Afizere]] || [[Wp/bom/Bipyomo|Bipyomo]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/bom/Dagwi|Dagwi]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/bom/Tuk|Tuk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/bom/Da|Da]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Wp/bom/Misra|Misra]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Festival|Festival]] || [[Wp/bom/Nzem|Nzem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Governor|Governor]] || [[Wp/bom/Gwɔmna|Gwɔmna]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Baptism|Baptism]] || [[Wp/bom/Batisma|Batisma]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Italy|Italy]] || [[Wp/bom/Italya|Italya]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Crete|Crete]] || [[Wp/bom/Kereta|Kereta]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook (hydrology)|Brook]] || [[Wp/bom/Nɛk|Nɛk]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/bom/Dideng|Dideng]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] || [[Wp/bom/Yɛrusalem|Yɛrusalem]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep|Gworep]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] || [[Wp/bom/Gworep Tē|Gworep Tē]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Messenger|Messenger]] || [[Wp/bom/Tom|Tom]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Israel|Israel]] || [[Wp/bom/Israyɛl|Israyɛl]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Dungs|John Dungs]] || [[Wp/bom/John Dungs|John Dungs]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || [[Wp/bom/Michael Botmang|Michael Botmang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || [[Wp/bom/Philip Dung|Philip Dung]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || [[Wp/bom/Davou Zang|Davou Zang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || [[Wp/bom/John Wash Pam|John Wash Pam]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Gyang Pwajok|Gyang Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Istifanus Gyang|Istifanus Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang|Pam Mwadkon Dachungyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || [[Wp/bom/Edward Pwajok|Edward Pwajok]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || [[Wp/bom/Sambo Choji|Sambo Choji]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Jeremiah Gyang|Jeremiah Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kenneth Gyang|Kenneth Gyang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || [[Wp/bom/Kevin Chuwang|Kevin Chuwang]] || ''not assigned'' |- | [[:w:en:Yakubu Dadu|Yakubu Dadu]] || [[Wp/bom/Yakubu Dadu|Yakubu Dadu]] || ''not assigned'' |} [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 35n6mufgqi0p24k6cj3fxx7x7uw6hgv 0 3612648 6706863 6702240 2025-07-10T14:59:22Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706863 wikitext text/x-wiki Alvan Azinna Ikoku // ⓘ (tsitseu 1, 1900–kupou tan 18, 1971) was a Nigerian educationist, statesman, activist and politician. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] ao6jkb7ar4p0e93npuy9yosx7wuojwk 0 3612651 6706864 6702243 2025-07-10T15:02:56Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706864 wikitext text/x-wiki Augustine Ukattah (tsitseu 28, 1918 – hya tan 27, 1996) was a Nigerian teacher and politician. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] m1y0rl305bruppkj8htn4hxj71809sn 0 3612655 6706865 6702248 2025-07-10T15:05:27Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706865 wikitext text/x-wiki Prof. Abraham Babalola Borishade (7 hya makur 1946 – 26 fudo 2017) was a Nigerian politician. He was a four time Federal Minister in Nigeria, between 1999-2011.[1] He was known as an electrical engineer, teacher and political strategist [[Category:Wp/mrt]] sw8ti0hg8zriv7vacb6924z5yvvsadc 0 3612668 6706935 6702274 2025-07-10T17:12:30Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706935 wikitext text/x-wiki Cornelius Olatunji Adebayo (24 hya sudan 1941 – 25 kwa 2025)[1] was a Senator of Nigeria, who became a state governor, and later was head of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Communications. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] 10n4hmx20hkx48z5o6pad84050dwoy5 0 3612670 6706939 6702277 2025-07-10T17:14:30Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706939 wikitext text/x-wiki Dora Nkem Akunyili // ⓘ OFR (14 mudofhou 1954 – 7 kwa 2014) was the Director-General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) of Nigeria from 2001 to 2008. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] did68pb0yo6o152qsvn2kd2tpsbtf51 0 3612709 6706945 6702469 2025-07-10T17:17:19Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706945 wikitext text/x-wiki Evan Enwerem (// ⓘ; 29 kumo 1935 – 2 tsitseu 2007) was a Nigerian politician who served as the 7th president of the Nigerian Senate in 1999.[1] He was a member of the Peoples Democratic Party. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] cyukn240uo1pxu4dzlldmcvvnfyoivl 0 3612714 6706947 6702487 2025-07-10T17:18:28Z Hafsatulkhair 2603474 6706947 wikitext text/x-wiki ↔Ghali Umar Na'Abba CFR (27 tey 1958 – 27 kupou sudan 2023) was a Nigerian politician who served as the 8th Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria from 1999 to 2003. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] earel962pm0uuz7wt677cehra748av3 0 3612743 6706962 6702781 2025-07-10T17:22:55Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23355}} '''8''' ('''rwit''') iye tin basa de he ra '''7''' ('''shabetat'''). [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] a5hxi02c9im7auofd6892eq916h4taa 6706963 6706962 2025-07-10T17:23:03Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q23355]] 6706963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23355}} '''8''' ('''rwit''') iye tin basa de he ra '''7''' ('''shabetat'''). [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q23355}} 6qrarywp75eqhgaauyc7ve0s9w9vhtc 0 3612744 6706915 6702714 2025-07-10T17:02:34Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q659]] 6706915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q659}} '''Batò''' a se gwinin e ji bakwong benas. Rwâ [[Wp/bom/Bato|bato]] e bɛ rwâ [[Wp/bom/Batin|batin]]. Bato a se za de ha dura rwâ bato. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q659}} cbys00bbfnes99dx2l96pzckvfrvhxz 0 3612745 6706928 6702787 2025-07-10T17:09:59Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q667]] 6706928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q667}} Batin a se gwining e ji kwong binas. Kwong womo wase be Batin ku wa. Tank yin ta [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q667}} bkgskvtj92csu9ahxyotn0gapqow4jk 6706929 6706928 2025-07-10T17:10:19Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q667}} '''Batin''' a se gwining e ji kwong binas. Kwong womo wase be Batin ku wa. Tank yin ta [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q667}} m2qhdqh0jcal5v0pq6dpltsawjo18mw 0 3612746 6706925 6702796 2025-07-10T17:08:51Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q4771953}} '''Ryom''' e lo fwom swel e vwel Plateau State, Nigeria. Ba pat vwel o e vwel swel roso he Barkin Ladi e gasi fwom he meseng he pwel kuru e shey 1996 e jeng segwom General Sani Abacha. Kwon mana te he fwom o ha se e rwa bato 90°38'00"N 8°4600"E. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] tk5a5w5e61l1g6u9f9nfz05vhsvztn1 6706926 6706925 2025-07-10T17:09:03Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q4771953]] 6706926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q4771953}} '''Ryom''' e lo fwom swel e vwel Plateau State, Nigeria. Ba pat vwel o e vwel swel roso he Barkin Ladi e gasi fwom he meseng he pwel kuru e shey 1996 e jeng segwom General Sani Abacha. Kwon mana te he fwom o ha se e rwa bato 90°38'00"N 8°4600"E. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4771953}} njxgz7914q4kyrdheznan4ee9x16r9i 0 3612747 6706968 6702789 2025-07-10T17:26:38Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q201}} '''3''' ('''tat''') a se tin basa de a se bama ba da nuyèl nas. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 346gc3tsf5xkni5jtk0h3l7myb7hyhw 6706969 6706968 2025-07-10T17:26:50Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q201]] 6706969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q201}} '''3''' ('''tat''') a se tin basa de a se bama ba da nuyèl nas. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q201}} ikmxprzipoa7bt7kulws2za8ppmj641 0 3612748 6706940 6704661 2025-07-10T17:15:09Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q3947}} '''Lɔh''' se Kwong de bemat ba se sangal e e jimo. A se duk de bemat be se sangal e jimo. Loh a se Gwinin ku nloh be si bere. Kahe mwad a vok lo me. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 7kbkrks4v8e14c8iitk0w6d0e2wsxz9 6706941 6706940 2025-07-10T17:15:44Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q3947]] 6706941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q3947}} '''Lɔh''' se Kwong de bemat ba se sangal e e jimo. A se duk de bemat be se sangal e jimo. Loh a se Gwinin ku nloh be si bere. Kahe mwad a vok lo me. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3947}} jx79tn689b3ytxbwt32ks9wmu5f1ns6 6706979 6706941 2025-07-10T17:33:07Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Kambai Akau moved page [[Wp/bom/Lɔh]] to [[Wp/bom/Lɔ]] 6706941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q3947}} '''Lɔh''' se Kwong de bemat ba se sangal e e jimo. A se duk de bemat be se sangal e jimo. Loh a se Gwinin ku nloh be si bere. Kahe mwad a vok lo me. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3947}} jx79tn689b3ytxbwt32ks9wmu5f1ns6 6706984 6706979 2025-07-10T17:33:53Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q3947}} '''Lɔ''' se Kwong de bemat ba se sangal e e jimo. A se duk de bemat be se sangal e jimo. Loh a se Gwinin ku nlɔ be si bere. Kahe mwad a vok lo me. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3947}} c2kbb0i87ebgwz6mgg4b5ft6m6w9kui 0 3612749 6706965 6702780 2025-07-10T17:24:00Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q23488]] 6706965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23488}} '''6''' ('''timin''') a se tin basa da a se e nuyel 5 ku he ra 7. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q23488}} jyiakqsw94ixbvph0t1g5sdqdc5nm4h 0 3612750 6706960 6702785 2025-07-10T17:22:35Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q19108]] 6706960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q19108}} '''9''' ('''shabitat''') iyé tin de he ra rwit. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q19108}} 7x8qhd0ufuguzdovnczjmuebf6ctp1x 0 3612751 6706932 6706782 2025-07-10T17:11:53Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q35013}} '''Berom''' ke '''Birom''' (''Cèn Bèrom'') ase e ji lem de ha shot e se vwel Plato e Najerya. Nshot Cen Berom na se e ne gagarang nfang ko mwad shot be ha lem Berom e be manjey bebot na bemakuk nshey Mwa. Mwa ano, Berom behak ba hwo ha lem be ntiri e be Gbong bepomo. Cen shele na nlem ne si detu ditu. Nshot mwad wo miliyon Gwining (2010) be ha cen yemo. Lem Berom be ha kana se e be Gbong bepomo gyam na vey be lasara de ba gas nepomo e be negagarang Gbong pomo Jot(Jos) wo Batin Jot pomo (South of Jos city) wogo Gwol (Barkin Ladi) na Riyom e vwel Plato, Najerya. Nshot Berom ne shara hen e bapomo Jot Plato wo vwel Sopp ri negwom e ne gagarang Riyom. . . [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] jnue1qy6nnkpj6pxsi85pebpoioshns 6706933 6706932 2025-07-10T17:12:01Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q35013]] 6706933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q35013}} '''Berom''' ke '''Birom''' (''Cèn Bèrom'') ase e ji lem de ha shot e se vwel Plato e Najerya. Nshot Cen Berom na se e ne gagarang nfang ko mwad shot be ha lem Berom e be manjey bebot na bemakuk nshey Mwa. Mwa ano, Berom behak ba hwo ha lem be ntiri e be Gbong bepomo. Cen shele na nlem ne si detu ditu. Nshot mwad wo miliyon Gwining (2010) be ha cen yemo. Lem Berom be ha kana se e be Gbong bepomo gyam na vey be lasara de ba gas nepomo e be negagarang Gbong pomo Jot(Jos) wo Batin Jot pomo (South of Jos city) wogo Gwol (Barkin Ladi) na Riyom e vwel Plato, Najerya. Nshot Berom ne shara hen e bapomo Jot Plato wo vwel Sopp ri negwom e ne gagarang Riyom. . . [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q35013}} 3n7yywipozbfnkck4qzfnhgmea7v4tu 0 3612752 6706937 6704658 2025-07-10T17:13:25Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q4894645}} '''Berom''' base eji Bimat de base shot iji vwel Plateau e Nigeria, base e ningwom biselo binas he Ryom, Jot Bato, Jot Batin tang'a Gwol. Yene si e vwel jot. Yene dal kahe yere di nshot dingding. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] p1npsptzyfbyf3mdpryovz1nqz6paiq 6706938 6706937 2025-07-10T17:13:38Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q4894645]] 6706938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q4894645}} '''Berom''' base eji Bimat de base shot iji vwel Plateau e Nigeria, base e ningwom biselo binas he Ryom, Jot Bato, Jot Batin tang'a Gwol. Yene si e vwel jot. Yene dal kahe yere di nshot dingding. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4894645}} e3zoiuldkjh7c7yq1fqehqznxgk0t9g 0 3612754 6706948 6702803 2025-07-10T17:18:35Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q36977}} '''12''' ('''kuru ná vὲ beba''') a sé basa batin de he raa 11 ko 13 a sé nuyel me. A se gbong pyε e ji tik jeng, tanga kalenda wo jeng yemo na bεrεng jeng. Bemat raa Dagwi e bavwel jey be ra me fwom. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q36977}} fgpuc044cmtrtajnedkgrmiz9ke59i0 0 3612756 6706819 6702740 2025-07-10T12:32:17Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Replaced content with "{{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q203}} '''5''' ('''tungun''') a se tin basa de he durang nepyak. A se tin basa de he raa 4 ko 6 wa se e nuyel we. Bemasi na ngyama cak pyak, ba vok beken vo na bol 5. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]]" 6706819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q203}} '''5''' ('''tungun''') a se tin basa de he durang nepyak. A se tin basa de he raa 4 ko 6 wa se e nuyel we. Bemasi na ngyama cak pyak, ba vok beken vo na bol 5. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] ot3vinljrl01fde1rbty2xlnzd8z9ko 6706820 6706819 2025-07-10T12:32:53Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q203]] 6706820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q203}} '''5''' ('''tungun''') a se tin basa de he durang nepyak. A se tin basa de he raa 4 ko 6 wa se e nuyel we. Bemasi na ngyama cak pyak, ba vok beken vo na bol 5. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q203}} t7u28bn7l4mfqtrbeh8gjxenzg0l75l 0 3612766 6706905 6702783 2025-07-10T16:51:07Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q10967141}} '''Jot Batoh''' wasi negwom swelo e vwel Plateau State, Nigeria. Gbong duk fwom'o ase e te Gbong Gbong Pomo Jot. Bwok Shara niha wase 930 . [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 9wq1us9tswzmxr7b70cqcghz3u405ct 6706906 6706905 2025-07-10T16:51:40Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q10967141]] 6706906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q10967141}} '''Jot Batoh''' wasi negwom swelo e vwel Plateau State, Nigeria. Gbong duk fwom'o ase e te Gbong Gbong Pomo Jot. Bwok Shara niha wase 930 . [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q10967141}} jp87356252qsi4syiym80rbcy6jle8s 0 3612767 6706930 6704668 2025-07-10T17:11:08Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q6271867}} '''Jonah David Jang''' ''CON'' (gasi tò me 13/03/1944) a sé mwàt comô tanga mwàt cwana. A ra fwom mwakuk bidu e vwel Nigeria de a tumal yaga bimat Plateau Bato yi shei 2015 vok na 2019. A kana se Davwel Plateau yi shei 2007 vok na 2015. Aga se Davwel Benue tang'a Gongola e raane. E shei 2015, Jang a jama fwa makuk bidu ko a re weng e jang de sangal me e twa fwom Davwel Plateau gwu kyo yene he. E shei 2018, Jang a yi twa sangal me e lo bidu makuk gwa se vire mwat ko mat Plateau Bato ba jama mwàt de ki se yen mwat nuyel e lo bidu makuk. Jang a hwo jama begwong de e kye jama fwa sangal e Nigeria e People's Democratic Party (PDP) e cuna he shei 2019.[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 13:56, 7 July 2025 (UTC)ye a si Gbong suga vwel Berom di vwel Plateau nmua. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] dyf5ix27j47oczqkum43dwtq84kqh06 6706931 6706930 2025-07-10T17:11:19Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q6271867]] 6706931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q6271867}} '''Jonah David Jang''' ''CON'' (gasi tò me 13/03/1944) a sé mwàt comô tanga mwàt cwana. A ra fwom mwakuk bidu e vwel Nigeria de a tumal yaga bimat Plateau Bato yi shei 2015 vok na 2019. A kana se Davwel Plateau yi shei 2007 vok na 2015. Aga se Davwel Benue tang'a Gongola e raane. E shei 2015, Jang a jama fwa makuk bidu ko a re weng e jang de sangal me e twa fwom Davwel Plateau gwu kyo yene he. E shei 2018, Jang a yi twa sangal me e lo bidu makuk gwa se vire mwat ko mat Plateau Bato ba jama mwàt de ki se yen mwat nuyel e lo bidu makuk. Jang a hwo jama begwong de e kye jama fwa sangal e Nigeria e People's Democratic Party (PDP) e cuna he shei 2019.[[User:Rwang PS|Rwang PS]] ([[User talk:Rwang PS|talk]]) 13:56, 7 July 2025 (UTC)ye a si Gbong suga vwel Berom di vwel Plateau nmua. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6271867}} q0z3iq4683e2l0h8wh0ocrc8lgdux07 0 3612768 6706817 6704652 2025-07-10T12:30:40Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Replaced content with "{{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q202}} '''4''' ('''four''') is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]]" 6706817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q202}} '''4''' ('''four''') is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] owtgv0plfy31o4w3843hg6hs7wlcvni 6706818 6706817 2025-07-10T12:30:54Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q202]] 6706818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q202}} '''4''' ('''four''') is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q202}} fsnfnebgr1zv4in1l35n7g1mp8dy3sb 0 3612769 6706821 6702793 2025-07-10T12:34:14Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23350}} '''7''' ('''tama''') wasè bama wun tyimin, wu writ wara wun tama. [[Category:Wp/bom]] iyhelvpqnlz2dq2knds27pgfra4cvqw 6706822 6706821 2025-07-10T12:35:06Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23350}} '''7''' ('''tama''') wasè bama wun tyimin, wu writ wara wun tama. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 2oh9ehfx2crnjysbr062tq9m4k2zgmb 6706964 6706822 2025-07-10T17:23:32Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q23350]] 6706964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23350}} '''7''' ('''tama''') wasè bama wun tyimin, wu writ wara wun tama. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q23350}} hu4g1uut0tmzshoudz3gihcjo1xfbia 0 3612770 6706956 6702778 2025-07-10T17:21:39Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23806}} '''10''' ('''kuru''') ha sé basa batin de he raa 9, ko 11 ha sé e nuyel he. Kuru ha sé tin basa de wot e ha he ko wot e to jek. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/BErom Wikipedia Outreach]] rimuz2x1henr2iaism3sx25s33n4d6z 6706957 6706956 2025-07-10T17:21:50Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q23806]] 6706957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23806}} '''10''' ('''kuru''') ha sé basa batin de he raa 9, ko 11 ha sé e nuyel he. Kuru ha sé tin basa de wot e ha he ko wot e to jek. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/BErom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q23806}} 55az6d5r5q9afxwxu9xrcqvf1jes06g 6706958 6706957 2025-07-10T17:22:01Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q23806}} '''10''' ('''kuru''') ha sé basa batin de he raa 9, ko 11 ha sé e nuyel he. Kuru ha sé tin basa de wot e ha he ko wot e to jek. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q23806}} c3ughuy5anipgmko7tzgtm6pq9ruied 0 3612772 6706971 6706260 2025-07-10T17:27:35Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q204}} '''Vit''' asi nomba da a sangal erè tēt vit è. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q204}} qg86lhjn3d1hvbi9f122rdc45u05y8a 0 3612777 6706951 6702751 2025-07-10T17:20:03Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q37136}} '''11''' ('''kuru na we gwining''') wa se tin basa de wo raa 10 ko wa to se nuyel 12. Wa se tin basa sel o de reza mo ha gas e zang tyiimin. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] hb6lhvilp8jjchvlulz76h7wrsual83 6706952 6706951 2025-07-10T17:20:15Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q37136]] 6706952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q37136}} '''11''' ('''kuru na we gwining''') wa se tin basa de wo raa 10 ko wa to se nuyel 12. Wa se tin basa sel o de reza mo ha gas e zang tyiimin. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q37136}} h5lh7tfeahjqdhoddbxf769mdgohcw7 0 3612878 6707352 6706625 2025-07-11T07:54:03Z Cannmann 2607698 6707352 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- selamat datang --><syntaxhighlight lang="abap"> </syntaxhighlight> = Selamat datang di <big>'''Wikipedia'''</big>. = === Wikipedia ima sada ensiklopedia na bisa ditulis sanga ise pe. === == Surat == *[[Wp/bta/Surat:Huta naribur|Hula]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} f0614lla9cisvsiqwu755perakgzw4b 6707353 6707352 2025-07-11T08:01:00Z Cannmann 2607698 6707353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|left|frameless]] = <big>'''Selamat datang di Wikipedia'''</big>. = === Wikipedia ima sada ensiklopedia na bisa ditulis sanga ise pe. === == Surat == *[[Wp/bta/Surat:Huta naribur|Hula]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} iw0yz0kpl1jlygsohprez4omveuygeo 6707354 6707353 2025-07-11T08:04:03Z Cannmann 2607698 6707354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|left]] = <big>'''Selamat datang di Wikipedia'''</big>. = === Wikipedia ima sada ensiklopedia na bisa ditulis sanga ise pe. === == Surat == *[[Wp/bta/Surat:Huta naribur|Hula]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} ketwooxlavcup5thqvon53wdbdpa42a 6707355 6707354 2025-07-11T08:04:43Z Cannmann 2607698 6707355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|left|frameless]] = <big>'''Selamat datang di Wikipedia'''</big>. = === Wikipedia ima sada ensiklopedia na bisa ditulis sanga ise pe. === == Surat == *[[Wp/bta/Surat:Huta naribur|Hula]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} iw0yz0kpl1jlygsohprez4omveuygeo 6707356 6707355 2025-07-11T08:16:06Z Cannmann 2607698 6707356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|left|frameless| Dark]] = <big>'''Selamat datang di Wikipedia'''</big>. = === Wikipedia ima sada ensiklopedia na bisa ditulis sanga ise pe. === == Surat == *[[Wp/bta/Surat:Huta naribur|Hula]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} [[Category:Wp/bta]] 3k0nf80csginlfcyruqgr1kjcelbr54 6707357 6707356 2025-07-11T08:16:56Z Cannmann 2607698 6707357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|left|frameless| Dark]] = <big>'''Selamat datang di Wikipedia'''</big>. = === Wikipedia ima sada ensiklopedia na bisa ditulis sanga ise pe. === == Surat == *[[Wp/bta/Surat:Huta naribur|Hula]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 78pxjyi43449ayh8l4qs1zyxyqn8lhp 0 3612997 6707346 6703749 2025-07-11T07:12:04Z Tee2emm 2607736 6707346 wikitext text/x-wiki Hywegelek a sé jyeng e gasi de hé perè e yenē nagwai ku hé wul na turuk. Hywegelek hé perè e jeng de gwai gwa kōk gā ku hé wul jeng de gwai gwa ga wô turuk. Kon kè shá hé tōk dura Jeng tèk dè hywegelek he perè ke hé yenè he. Bé tōk yé hywegelek ká bé Simi da bé há é lo tèt Jeng dé gwi gu gā [[Category:Wp/bom]] 22sr6c6pfhueetswsal3py4os50xnf7 0 3613002 6706901 6703784 2025-07-10T16:46:45Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=}} '''Nagasi''' a se jeng yi nusu gwi wɔ e tegwi, ke jeng e yi te turuk wɔ e tegwi [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] iwi70h2tkfusoqbfr5pzeucr4rwq5yk 6706903 6706901 2025-07-10T16:50:01Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q7722}} '''Nagasi''' a se jeng yi nusu gwi wɔ e tegwi, ke jeng e yi te turuk wɔ e tegwi [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 5k9u2m14qdjue3uurs2og9t8kp9fx43 6706904 6706903 2025-07-10T16:50:09Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q7722]] 6706904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q7722}} '''Nagasi''' a se jeng yi nusu gwi wɔ e tegwi, ke jeng e yi te turuk wɔ e tegwi [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7722}} 083sfx1p1922f9x54nhop8j59s6kvxy 6706974 6706904 2025-07-10T17:29:02Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q7722}} '''Nagasi''' a se jeng yi nusu gwi wɔ e tegwi, ke jeng e yi te turuk wɔ e tegwi. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7722}} n7i40ucnox9j1ej4kz8z0btjuc5221b 0 3613007 6706893 6703813 2025-07-10T16:40:23Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q684}} Rak a Se gwinin e Ji bakwong benans. Rwa rak e be rwa ta. Ko a Se back de gwo music e jey. [[Category:Wp/bom]] tg0ip1aozsxt7ytz9vwedpagxu6tk6k 6706894 6706893 2025-07-10T16:40:35Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q684]] 6706894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q684}} Rak a Se gwinin e Ji bakwong benans. Rwa rak e be rwa ta. Ko a Se back de gwo music e jey. [[Category:Wp/bom]] {{INTERWIKI|Q684}} r6chh76jlli36yilcpb882p89snvgph 6706895 6706894 2025-07-10T16:41:05Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q684}} Rak a Se gwinin e Ji bakwong benans. Rwa rak e be rwa ta. Ko a Se back de gwo music e jey. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q684}} erxvr7xgtm4x01anjb7388pv69ul402 6706896 6706895 2025-07-10T16:41:30Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q684}} <nowiki>'''Rak'''</nowiki> a Se gwinin e Ji bakwong benans. Rwa rak e be rwa ta. Ko a Se back de gwo music e jey. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q684}} ao7n25r1w1v7khnso9mrg9zpaat0dj0 6706897 6706896 2025-07-10T16:41:45Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q684}} '''Rak''' a Se gwinin e Ji bakwong benans. Rwa rak e be rwa ta. Ko a Se back de gwo music e jey. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q684}} amcyz07hn1ktjl1popowub88yy16ae7 0 3613058 6706911 6704108 2025-07-10T16:59:11Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q7569}} '''Hwey''' ase mwasi da ase è tè tōh na a tè wane. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 1a408ro6mloqzdw91njeopdhwwp9kv6 6706912 6706911 2025-07-10T16:59:26Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q7569]] 6706912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q7569}} '''Hwey''' ase mwasi da ase è tè tōh na a tè wane. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7569}} seb35omyeabniijbwfz40h7ssnzvjih 3 3613110 6707215 6704398 2025-07-10T21:24:10Z Masti 1920 Masti moved page [[User talk:Md Rabbi Ahmmed]] to [[User talk:Kuddus Aliyan]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Md Rabbi Ahmmed|Md Rabbi Ahmmed]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Kuddus Aliyan|Kuddus Aliyan]]" 6704398 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 06:37, 7 July 2025 (UTC) 4kur01kmmksr6uadd9f8yezwdazd2x1 2 3613111 6707217 6704402 2025-07-10T21:24:10Z Masti 1920 Masti moved page [[User:Md Rabbi Ahmmed]] to [[User:Kuddus Aliyan]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Md Rabbi Ahmmed|Md Rabbi Ahmmed]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Kuddus Aliyan|Kuddus Aliyan]]" 6704402 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 3613130 6707028 6706259 2025-07-10T18:32:39Z Gaison001 2607727 6707028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item= Q467}} '''Ngwo''' ase hwon da à toh hwey. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] fx28fn17w4e0dbmn747pvxgoxf4occ6 0 3613132 6706816 6706274 2025-07-10T12:27:11Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item= Q200}} '''Ba''' è tin basa da e ra gwining ko ase nuyel tat. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q200}} 61cjydw2i5svohqpgon3peuq1xcx1em 0 3613133 6706921 6704641 2025-07-10T17:06:29Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q321079}} '''Jot''' e pomo e tè bato Nigeria. Jos is a city in the North-Central region of Nigeria. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] pohvnwi7tbk2odu11nln1dn3mv58044 6706922 6706921 2025-07-10T17:06:44Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q321079}} '''Jot''' e pomo e tè bato Nigeria. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 1gw5tg0ne37ojvtnuowmxkcxwbhm4v0 6706923 6706922 2025-07-10T17:06:58Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q321079]] 6706923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q321079}} '''Jot''' e pomo e tè bato Nigeria. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q321079}} apjr6c1m7yx5vuzc8gq5pwp3bfyrlbf 0 3613153 6706907 6704741 2025-07-10T16:54:35Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q37302}} '''Gabik Jere''' ka se e jeng negwon be Abram. E jeng Yuda, Gabik Jere ka se negwon Dagwi de na se rafwom e jei, yeelel tomong siitit, yong tanga gyep. E negwon bemat-raa Kristi e yimo, Gabik Jeree ka dura mwat wo tat e trinity. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] 32joy09a9zcna2rox8noja3k8a0nzpu 6706908 6706907 2025-07-10T16:54:56Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q37302]] 6706908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q37302}} '''Gabik Jere''' ka se e jeng negwon be Abram. E jeng Yuda, Gabik Jere ka se negwon Dagwi de na se rafwom e jei, yeelel tomong siitit, yong tanga gyep. E negwon bemat-raa Kristi e yimo, Gabik Jeree ka dura mwat wo tat e trinity. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q37302}} jqfh1fbdzzv4mtdnkfjjezpcuzta1ku 0 3613361 6707260 6705714 2025-07-11T02:31:57Z Wkambale 2607434 6707260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q731039}} '''Orurembo rwa Mbarara''' n'orurembo oruri omu kicweka ky'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] kandi nirwo rurembo rwa kabiri aha rurengo rwa [[Wp/nyn/Kampala|Kampala]]. Orurembo rwabaganisibwemu za borough mukaaga nka Kakoba Division, Kamukuzi Division, Nyamitanga Division, Biharwe Division, Kakiika Division, Nyakayojo Division. N'omwanya mukuru gw'eby'obushubuzi omu disiturikiti ezirikukira obw'amashuuma g'oburengyerwa izooba bwa Uganda hamwe n'omwanya gw'ekitebe kya disiturikiti.<ref name="3R">{{Wp/nyn/Cite web |date=22 May 2019 | url=https://www.softpower.ug/cabinet-approves-phased-creation-of-9-new-cities-beginning-2020/ |title=Cabinet Approves Phased Creation Of Nine New Cities Beginning 2020 |access-date=8 July 2025 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda |first=Paul |last=Ampurire | location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{Wp/nyn/Cite web|date=21 May 2019 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Cabinet-Museveni-Butime-Gulu-Mbale-Entebbe-nine-cities/688334-5124276-tvet8w/ | title=Cabinet approves creation of nine cities |access-date=8 July 2025 |newspaper=[[Wp/nyn/Daily Monitor|Daily Monitor]] Quoting [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Radio Network|Uganda Radio Network]] |author=Uganda Radio Network | location=Kampala}}</ref> Omu kwezi kwakataano 2019, [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|Eishengyero rya Uganda]] nana [[Wp/nyn/Kabineti ya Uganda|Kabineti ya Uganda]] ekaheereza Mbarara ekitiinisa ky'Orurembo, ekyatandikire ebiro 1 okwamushanju 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Wp/nyn/Cite web |last=mbwalatum |date=2020-04-29 |title=Parliament approves creation of 15 cities |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4614/parliament-approves-creation-15-cities |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en}}</ref> Eiziina rya munisipaali rikaruga omu kugamba kubi kw'abajwekyerwa b'amatware nka Emburara (Hyperemia rufa), obunyasi buringwa obwabaire bwijwire omwanya gwona. ==Omwanya== Mbarara n'omwanya muhango gw'eby'engyenda, oguri omu burengyerwizooba bwa [[Wp/nyn/Masaka|Masaka]] aha ruguuto orurikuza [[Wp/nyn/Kabale|Kabale]], haihi n'enyanja [[Wp/nyn/Mburo National Park|Mburo National Park]]. Eki kiri kiromita nka 270 (mayiro 168), aha ruguuto, omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Kampala, orurembo rwa Uganda orukuru kandi orurikukirayo obukuru.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/nyn/Google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/Mbarara/@-0.0735575,30.4965062,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d91bb20d9cd3e3:0x883a0deaec00c519!2m2!1d30.6545022!2d-0.6071596!3e0 |title=Road Distance between Kampala, Uganda and Mbarara, Uganda |access-date=8 July 2025}}</ref> Obutebeekanisa bwa disiturikiti y'ebyobushubuzi eya rwagati ya Mbarara ni 00 36 48S, 30 39 30E (Latitude:-0.6132 Longitude:30.6582).<ref name=":2">{{Wp/nyn/Google maps | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B036'48.0%22S+30%C2%B039'30.0%22E/@-0.6095516,30.6584505,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 | title=Location of Mbarara at Google Maps |access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> Orurembo ruri aha rurengo rwa mita 1,147 (fuuti 3,763) ahaiguru y'enyanja.<ref name="ZigR">{{Wp/nyn/Cite web| url=http://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=229268 | title=Elevation of Mbarara, Uganda |publisher=Floodmap.net | author=Floodmap |date=2019 |access-date=8 July 2025}}</ref> ==Waadi z'omururembo== Orurembo rwine za waadi 23 ezirikujanjaara omu divizoni mukaaga hamwe n'ebyanga bibiri. {| class="wikitable" |+ Waadi z'orurembo rwa Mbarara ! Mbarara City North ! Mbarara City South |- | Kamukuzi || Kakoba |- | Ruharo | Nyamityobora |- | Kakoma | Katete |- | Nyarubanga | Ruti |- | Rwemigyina | Bugashe |- | Kakiika | Katojo |- | Kishasha | Kichwamba |- | Bunutsya | Nyarubungo II |- | Nyabuhama | Rukindo |- | Rwenjeru | Rwakishakizi |- | Biharwe East | |- | Nyakinengo | |- | Biharwe West | |- | Bubaare | |} ==Omuhendo gw'abantu== Omuri 2002, okubara abantu omu ihanga ryona, kukateebereza ngu omubare gw'abantu b'omururembo gukaba guri 69,400. Ekitongore ky'ebibaro ekya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Bureau of Statistics|Uganda Bureau of Statistics]] (UBOS) kikateebereza ngu abantu bakaba bari 82,000 omu 2010. Omuri 2011, UBOS ekateebereza ngu omubare gw'abantu abari ahagati y'omwaka gukaba guri 83,700.<ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web| url=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%20documents/TP52010.pdf |title=Estimated Population of Mbarara Town In 2002, 2010 & 2011 |access-date=8 July 2025 |publisher=Uganda Bureau of Statistics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707231502/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%20documents/TP52010.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2014 }}</ref> Omu kwezi kwamunaana 2014, okubara abantu omu ihanga ryona kukareetaho abantu 195,013.<ref name="Data">{{Wp/nyn/Cite web | url=http://citypopulation.de/Uganda-Cities.html | title=The Population of The Regions of the Republic of Uganda And All Cities And Towns of More Than 15,000 Inhabitants | date=27 August 2014 | publisher=Citypopulation.de Quoting [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Bureau of Statistics|Uganda Bureau of Statistics]] (UBOS) | access-date=8 July 2025 | last=UBOS}}</ref> ==Embeera y'obwire== Mbarara eine embeera y'obwire y'obutiti. Ahagati y'ameezi agomire n'ag'enjura nyingi, entaaniso y'enjura eri mm 94 | 4 inchi. Okwehinduka kw'obutagasi bw'eihanga buri mwaka nikuhika nka 2. 4 °C | 4. 3 °F. Okwezi okurikukirayo obunyogovu ni Okwaikumi na kumwe (76. 93%). Okwezi okurimu obunyogovu bukye munonga n'okwamushanju (53. 76%). Okwezi okurikukirayo obwire bwingi bw'enjura ni Okwaikumi (22. ebiro 37). Okwezi okurimu ebiro bikye by'enjura n'okwamushanju (ebiro 3.67). Mbarara eri ahagati y'eihanga kandi eby'obutiti byanguhi kushoboorora. ==Okukura n'okushanjuura== Mbarara ekaruga enyima yaatunguuka yaasinga [[Wp/nyn/Entebbe|Entebbe]], [[Wp/nyn/Masaka|Masaka]], [[Wp/nyn/Gulu|Gulu]] na [[Wp/nyn/Jinja|Jinja]]. Okuruga 2014, Mbarara niyo yabaire eri orurembo rwa kabiri orurikukirayo obuhango omuri Uganda ahanyima ya Kampala kandi orwa kabiri ahari Kampala omubukuru, amakorero, hamwe n'ebyombeko. Okutandika n'omwaka 2000, ebyombeko eby'omurembe bitandikirweho otwariiremu malls, arcades, plaza hamwe na hoteeri. Amarwariro ag'omurembe gakombekwa otwariiremu eirwariro rya Mbarara, obwahati n'erya [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital|Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital]], erya [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara Community Hospital|Mbarara Community Hospital]], eirwariro ry'abantu buntu erishangwa omuri Kyamugorani, omuri [[Wp/nyn/Kakiika Division|Kakiika Division]], hamwe n'erya [[Wp/nyn/Mayanja Memorial Hospital|Mayanja Memorial Hospital]], erishangwa omuri [[Wp/nyn/Nyamityobora|Nyamityobora]], [[Wp/nyn/Kakoba Division|Kakoba Division]]. [[File:Amahembe Gente (bull) closer view.jpg|thumb|Amahembe Gente (bull) closer view]] ==Ebyombeko== Mbarara n'omwanya gw'eishomero rya [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara University of Science and Technology|Mbarara University of Science and Technology]] (MUST), eryatandikirwe omuri 1989. [[File:Mbarara at Sundown.jpg|alt=Mbarara at Sundown|thumb|'''Mbarara aha okugwa kw'eizooba''']] Ahabw'omugasho gw'endembo za Uganda zoona, Mbarara niyo yaataayaayize orukiiko rwa Uganda Local Governments Association orwa 2004 orwabaireho ebiro 1 Okwaikumi. Mbarara n'omwebembezi w'ekibiina kya gavumenti. ==Okuheereza amaizi== Ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu ogweyongyeire, amaizi agarikuruga omu mugyera [[Wp/nyn/Rwizi|Rwizi]] oguri haihi, tigarikumara kuhikiiriza ebyetengo by'orurembo rwa Mbarara omu biro by'omumaisho. [[Wp/nyn/Gavumenti ya Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]] eyegurize obukaikuru bwa €120 okuronda amaizi kuruga omu mugyera [[Wp/nyn/Kagera|Kagera]], kugashemeza, n'okugaheereza disiturikiti ya Mbarara, [[Wp/nyn/Masaka|Masaka]] na [[Wp/nyn/Isingiro|Isingiro]]. ==Oruguuto rwa Mbarara Bypass== Nk'ekicweka ky'okutunguura oruguuto orurikuruga Mbarara kuza [[Wp/nyn/Katuna|Katuna]] (2011 - 2015), oruguuto orusya orurikuruga omumatemba ga Uganda nirutebekanisibwa omu rurembo. Orugyendo nirutandika kuruga aha kimera kya Coca-Cola aha ruguuto rwa Mbarara kuza Masaka ahari Makenke, niruraba omuri Rwebishouri na Nkokonjeru reero rwejumba aha ruguuto rwa Mbarara kuza Kabale ahari Katatumba Resort, kiromita nka 5. 1 mi) omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa disiturikiti y'ebyobushubuzi eya rwagati. Oruguuto niruteekateekwaho kwihaho omwijuzo ahagati y'orurembo obwo nirwihaho ebiiruka ebirikugyenda n'okuruga omuri [[Wp/nyn/Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Wp/nyn/Burundi|Burundi]], hamwe na [[Wp/nyn/Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] aha nguuto z'orurembo rwa Mbarara. Kiromita 14 (8. 7 mi) oruguuto niruteekateekwaho kugura obukaikuru bwa €170 (US$210 million), kurugaho ekibiina ky'amahanga ga buraaya nikiteekateekwaho kuguza obukaikuru bwa €122 (US$153 million) kandi gavumenti neegura sente kuruga omu bintu byayo. ==Enshonga z'omugasho== Ebintu ebindi ebirikugyenda omu maisho nibishangwa omu rurembo nainga haihi n'emboga zaarwo: ===Obwebembezi=== * Ofiisi z'obwebembezi bwa [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara City Council|Mbarara City Council]] * [[Wp/nyn/Nile Breweries Mbarara|Nile Breweries Mbarara]] - Ekitongore kya Anheuser-Bush InBev * [[Wp/nyn/Century Bottling Company Limited|Century Bottling Company Limited]], Mbarara - Omuhingi n'omugaba w'ebintu bya Coca-Cola * [[Wp/nyn/Lato Milk|Lato Milk]] - Ekitongore ekirikukora amabeere ekyatandikirwe Pearl Dairy Farms Limited * [[Wp/nyn/Ntake|Ntake]] bakery and company Limited * [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara Social services|Mbarara Social services]] * [[Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital] - Eirwariro rya gavumenti eririmu ebitanda 600, eririkureebererwa minisiture y'eby'amagara kandi n'eirwariro ry'abeegyesa ba Mbarara University School of Medicine * [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara Community Hospital|Mbarara Community Hospital]] - Eirwariro ry'abantu buntu eririkuhwera abantu boona, oihiremu abatarikubasa kushashura * [[Wp/nyn/Mayanja Memorial Hospital|Mayanja Memorial Hospital]] - Eirwariro ry'abantu buntu ery'ebitanda 100 * [[Wp/nyn/Holy Innocents Children's Hospital|Holy Innocents Children's Hospital]] - Eirwariro ry'abaana ery'abantu buntu ery'ebitanda 100, eririkwebemberwa obureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic omuri Mbarara * [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara Ruharo Mission Hospital|Mbarara Ruharo Mission Hospital]] - Eirwariro ry'abakurisitaayo ery'ebitanda 100 eririkushangwa ahari Ruharo Cathedral, kiromita 5 mi, omu burengyerwizooba bwa tawuni, aha ruguuto rwa Mbarara-Ishaka ===Eby'obwegyese=== * [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara University of Science and Technology|Mbarara University of Science and Technology]] - emwe aha yunivasite mwenda eza gavumenti omu Uganda * [[Wp/nyn/University of Saint Joseph Mbarara|University of Saint Joseph Mbarara]] - Church Founded University eshangwa ahari Nyamitinga Hill * [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University Business School|Makerere University Business School]] Mbarara Regional Campus * Uganda Bible Institute * Eitendekyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] niryegaita aha [[Wp/nyn/Kanisa ya Uganda|Kanisa ya Uganda]] erishangwa omuri Kakoba * [[Wp/nyn/Ntare School|Ntare School]] n'eishomero ry'aboojo * [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara High School|Mbarara High School]] n'eishomero ry'aboojo eririkushashurirwa Gavumenti * [[Wp/nyn/Maryhill High School|Maryhill High School]] n'eishomero ry'abaishiki eryatandikirwe aba Daughters of Mary hamwe na gavumenti ===Ebyengyenda=== * [[Wp/nyn/Mbarara Airport|Mbarara Airport]] - Ekishaayi ky'enyonyi eky'abantu boona, ekirikushangwa kiromita nka 10 (6. 2 mi), aha ruguuto rw'omumatemba g'oburengyerwa-izooba bw'orurembo, aha ruguuto rwa Mbarara kuza [[Wp/nyn/Ibanda|Ibanda]] * Mbarara Northern Bypass - oruguuto rwa kiromita 14 orurikwetoroora ekicweka ky'omumatemba g'orurembo. Ekombekwa ahagati y'okwakashatu 2015 na mukaaga 2018 [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q731039}} tkpxy09x7t5df4uwcui7p27h6b3452c 0 3613384 6706888 6705795 2025-07-10T16:35:54Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q101423800}} '''Da Jacob Gyang Buba''' ''CFR'' (ba to he polo 10 e fwel 10 e shei 1951) a retire yi Nigeria custom a te se mwakuku pomo. A se Comptroller-General wo Nigeria Custom Service yi shei 2004 wo 2008. E polo 1, e fwel 4 shei 2009, a te Gbwong Gwom, mwat nuyel lem Berom, a te '''Gbong Gwom''' wo tugun e jeng de Da Victor Dung Pam a ku. A tye mwat nuyel ni lem Jos mwa. Remo, ye a chancellor wo Nnamdi Azikiwe University yi fwel 3, 2016. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] m2jk2ke4q9fikqbsk18yx9kix8yrjcd 6706889 6706888 2025-07-10T16:36:36Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q101423800]] 6706889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q101423800}} '''Da Jacob Gyang Buba''' ''CFR'' (ba to he polo 10 e fwel 10 e shei 1951) a retire yi Nigeria custom a te se mwakuku pomo. A se Comptroller-General wo Nigeria Custom Service yi shei 2004 wo 2008. E polo 1, e fwel 4 shei 2009, a te Gbwong Gwom, mwat nuyel lem Berom, a te '''Gbong Gwom''' wo tugun e jeng de Da Victor Dung Pam a ku. A tye mwat nuyel ni lem Jos mwa. Remo, ye a chancellor wo Nnamdi Azikiwe University yi fwel 3, 2016. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q101423800}} rmdeykcid74z8497zybs0tq3acjcozt 0 3613390 6706918 6705815 2025-07-10T17:03:36Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|Item=Q107528203}} '''Dachung Musa Bagos''' (ba to he polo 4 e fwel 6 e shei 1977) a se mwat cuna wo Nigeria e Peoples Democratic Party yi vwel Plateaua, Nigeria. A se mwat vwo du yi e lo Jot Batoh/Jot Rak e Plateau. A re cuna e shei 2019. Bagos e te re cuna gwo ba wo lo vwo du e cuna yi 2023. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] nuuqav10uhjkx7im2wxzmt5f80aoanh 6706919 6706918 2025-07-10T17:03:45Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q107528203]] 6706919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|Item=Q107528203}} '''Dachung Musa Bagos''' (ba to he polo 4 e fwel 6 e shei 1977) a se mwat cuna wo Nigeria e Peoples Democratic Party yi vwel Plateaua, Nigeria. A se mwat vwo du yi e lo Jot Batoh/Jot Rak e Plateau. A re cuna e shei 2019. Bagos e te re cuna gwo ba wo lo vwo du e cuna yi 2023. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q107528203}} t4t9tm6iw4b7fybau80381krtyyk0uf 6706920 6706919 2025-07-10T17:05:09Z Kambai Akau 2560116 6706920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q107528203}} '''Dachung Musa Bagos''' (ba to he polo 4 e fwel 6 e shei 1977) a se mwat cuna wo Nigeria e Peoples Democratic Party yi vwel Plateaua, Nigeria. A se mwat vwo du yi e lo Jot Batoh/Jot Rak e Plateau. A re cuna e shei 2019. Bagos e te re cuna gwo ba wo lo vwo du e cuna yi 2023. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q107528203}} bdeb9rlri9d4opwc83ssrw4apqqkq82 0 3613530 6707013 6706396 2025-07-10T18:03:03Z Uthman salma 2604311 paahiye seuri 6707013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref>[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] jr979jaskgq7rekz1kt994xp87rip7n 6707023 6707013 2025-07-10T18:18:13Z Uthman salma 2604311 ADDED EDIT 6707023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref name=":3">[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. ==== Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 ==== [[Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15,]]‘yiibu a January 16, 1865, da wuliee karachihi ka ba maali a foomaraa ku a Sea Islands ane inland: 400,000 gbongbong acres da poye ing 40-acre tengbagu<ref name=":3" /> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm</ref>. Anaajaa [[mules]] (beasts of burden used for plowing) da ba buong<ref name=":3" />,nuba ang ‘dire yeli/bung tona da nyeba yi a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html</ref>. a bila tengbagu da‘milingbung bang bamuu ung i "Blackacres". == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] mn3dgjepmvldk9ifyvbmupzcwtzmal7 6707029 6707023 2025-07-10T18:33:00Z Uthman salma 2604311 paahi tarejiihi 6707029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref name=":3">[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. ==== Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 ==== [[Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15,]]‘yiibu a January 16, 1865, da wuliee karachihi ka ba maali a foomaraa ku a Sea Islands ane inland: 400,000 gbongbong acres da poye ing 40-acre tengbagu<ref name=":3" /> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm</ref>. Anaajaa [[mules]] (beasts of burden used for plowing) da ba buong<ref name=":3" />,nuba ang ‘dire yeli/bung tona da nyeba yi a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html</ref>. a bila tengbagu da‘milingbung bang bamuu ung i "Blackacres". === Yeli ang maali ‘bing ka u tiehi nuba === A sang’konkori yeli maana di ‘chiu tiehining a segihibu da iye janjaa yia [[Georgia Historical Society]] a Savannah, ang pieli a ‘longkorong ku [[Harris]] ane [[Bull]] fuolaa, a [[Madison Square]]<ref>https://www.savannahtribune.com/articles/historical-marker-unveiled-commemorating-special-field-order-15/</ref><ref>https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/history-of-emancipation-special-field-orders-no-15/</ref>. == ming leu che nye == * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|American Civil War]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Three acres and a cow,]] a land reform slogan in Britain. * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Black land loss in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|African-American history of agriculture in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Jim Crow economy]] == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] b854ue058teqma21l4x6un4qqslpb66 6707434 6707029 2025-07-11T10:25:51Z Uthman salma 2604311 6707434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref name=":3">[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. == Taanhuu == Begu-maaniba langbu Amerika paaluung paree a [[Confiscation Act of 1861]], da tihi sori ku a tenge ‘ju ‘sojeh inuori’yeni lambu a bung minga suobuhi dogihibu soring chengbung o jauri wagri ning a South. A begu nga bahi sori ‘ku ‘sojehi da faayeng taawai diera chengbung, paahi tengbagu ane yemihi. yeli-minga,o da i nyalaanyiili a ‘wieng yalihibu yelimingilung ku ningsagini fomaraahi siguhi ang da tare sprung up tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi nuori’yeni lambu lomboe . A yelipielaa wulibu ku a "Negro Problem" ‘hataa piili a nuori yeni lambu ku ning jemaa ahi’jie-ane-kadaahi nuba , i kparaama karichi-kpong - yi-dieri tuma diabu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979</ref> ==== Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 ==== [[Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15,]]‘yiibu a January 16, 1865, da wuliee karachihi ka ba maali a foomaraa ku a Sea Islands ane inland: 400,000 gbongbong acres da poye ing 40-acre tengbagu<ref name=":3" /> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm</ref>. Anaajaa [[mules]] (beasts of burden used for plowing) da ba buong<ref name=":3" />,nuba ang ‘dire yeli/bung tona da nyeba yi a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html</ref>. a bila tengbagu da‘milingbung bang bamuu ung i "Blackacres". === Yeli ang maali ‘bing ka u tiehi nuba === A sang’konkori yeli maana di ‘chiu tiehining a segihibu da iye janjaa yia [[Georgia Historical Society]] a Savannah, ang pieli a ‘longkorong ku [[Harris]] ane [[Bull]] fuolaa, a [[Madison Square]]<ref>https://www.savannahtribune.com/articles/historical-marker-unveiled-commemorating-special-field-order-15/</ref><ref>https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/history-of-emancipation-special-field-orders-no-15/</ref>. == ming leu che nye == * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|American Civil War]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Three acres and a cow,]] a land reform slogan in Britain. * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Black land loss in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|African-American history of agriculture in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Jim Crow economy]] == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] dpgvhb3nqz0uifc4u1yux2echhyabbm 6707469 6707434 2025-07-11T10:52:10Z Uthman salma 2604311 PAAHIYE SEURI 6707469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref name=":3">[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. == Taanhuu == Begu-maaniba langbu Amerika paaluung paree a [[Confiscation Act of 1861]], da tihi sori ku a tenge ‘ju ‘sojeh inuori’yeni lambu a bung minga suobuhi dogihibu soring chengbung o jauri wagri ning a South. A begu nga bahi sori ‘ku ‘sojehi da faayeng taawai diera chengbung, paahi tengbagu ane yemihi. yeli-minga,o da i nyalaanyiili a ‘wieng yalihibu yelimingilung ku ningsagini fomaraahi siguhi ang da tare sprung up tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi nuori’yeni lambu lomboe . A yelipielaa wulibu ku a "Negro Problem" ‘hataa piili a nuori yeni lambu ku ning jemaa ahi’jie-ane-kadaahi nuba , i kparaama karichi-kpong - yi-dieri tuma diabu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979</ref> ==== Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 ==== [[Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15,]]‘yiibu a January 16, 1865, da wuliee karachihi ka ba maali a foomaraa ku a Sea Islands ane inland: 400,000 gbongbong acres da poye ing 40-acre tengbagu<ref name=":3" /> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm</ref>. Anaajaa [[mules]] (beasts of burden used for plowing) da ba buong<ref name=":3" />,nuba ang ‘dire yeli/bung tona da nyeba yi a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html</ref>. a bila tengbagu da‘milingbung bang bamuu ung i "Blackacres". === Sangyeu tuma === Southern kuoriba da muohiyeng ka bungni jung ba da cheliha a tengbagu , a ning sagini paani so-minga da kong seu wagri kauhuu tuma layiri <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilson1965</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-176</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-177</ref>.South Carolina Governor [[James Lawrence]] Orr jugihiye Johnson a 1866 ka u nang daara o tengbagu , yelinyogiruu, a seura ka " paalibu leu nyiibu na leu waaning paalibu haakili‘yeni "<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965</ref>. === Yeli ang maali ‘bing ka u tiehi nuba === A sang’konkori yeli maana di ‘chiu tiehining a segihibu da iye janjaa yia [[Georgia Historical Society]] a Savannah, ang pieli a ‘longkorong ku [[Harris]] ane [[Bull]] fuolaa, a [[Madison Square]]<ref>https://www.savannahtribune.com/articles/historical-marker-unveiled-commemorating-special-field-order-15/</ref><ref>https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/history-of-emancipation-special-field-orders-no-15/</ref>. == ming leu che nye == * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|American Civil War]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Three acres and a cow,]] a land reform slogan in Britain. * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Black land loss in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|African-American history of agriculture in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Jim Crow economy]] == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] 3elbswyxtfusuvg5w0fh72le16qlo8t 6707542 6707469 2025-07-11T11:23:27Z Uthman salma 2604311 paahiye seri 6707542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref name=":3">[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. == Taanhuu == Begu-maaniba langbu Amerika paaluung paree a [[Confiscation Act of 1861]], da tihi sori ku a tenge ‘ju ‘sojeh inuori’yeni lambu a bung minga suobuhi dogihibu soring chengbung o jauri wagri ning a South. A begu nga bahi sori ‘ku ‘sojehi da faayeng taawai diera chengbung, paahi tengbagu ane yemihi. yeli-minga,o da i nyalaanyiili a ‘wieng yalihibu yelimingilung ku ningsagini fomaraahi siguhi ang da tare sprung up tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi nuori’yeni lambu lomboe . A yelipielaa wulibu ku a "Negro Problem" ‘hataa piili a nuori yeni lambu ku ning jemaa ahi’jie-ane-kadaahi nuba , i kparaama karichi-kpong - yi-dieri tuma diabu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979</ref> ==== Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 ==== [[Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15,]]‘yiibu a January 16, 1865, da wuliee karachihi ka ba maali a foomaraa ku a Sea Islands ane inland: 400,000 gbongbong acres da poye ing 40-acre tengbagu<ref name=":3" /> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm</ref>. Anaajaa [[mules]] (beasts of burden used for plowing) da ba buong<ref name=":3" />,nuba ang ‘dire yeli/bung tona da nyeba yi a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html</ref>. a bila tengbagu da‘milingbung bang bamuu ung i "Blackacres". === Sangyeu tuma === Southern kuoriba da muohiyeng ka bungni jung ba da cheliha a tengbagu , a ning sagini paani so-minga da kong seu wagri kauhuu tuma layiri <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilson1965</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-176</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-177</ref>.South Carolina Governor [[James Lawrence]] Orr jugihiye Johnson a 1866 ka u nang daara o tengbagu , yelinyogiruu, a seura ka " paalibu leu nyiibu na leu waaning paalibu haakili‘yeni "<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965</ref>. Nuba jemaa ang da nye so-minga kong ba yeu tengbama a ang da baahi puoring kye ba da nyee libie yie tung jaani a kuobu puori,awa jima nyogihibu ane oystering.ninsaali sagini tengbama suoriba bila ‘jung a paahee wieng weing (though not for everyone) a 1870s wagri .A [[Charles City County]], three-quarters ku a ninsaali-sagni kuabu tuma da taree ba minga yoori ,ka a yalihuu pieli 36 acres<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Medford576-200</ref>. A [[York County]], 50% da iye ba minga yoo suoribo, ang da piela 20 acres<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-201</ref>. (paaluu yelingu, a nuba ne ang tare tengbagu da iye jemaa ,kye a tengbagu yalingu simbu 4 acres yong .)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Engs178-202</ref> A kuobu bungmaahaa kuobo,a bungmaaha nandaana tengbagu, da ba waaning tona tiinhuu <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Engs178-202</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-203</ref> Bila jaa ang la, ba da buong yi ba paalimaali yela kpiengu, ane ninsaali sagini yi a regin da nyogee paaluu kaabu yelitaruu karichihi tuma ‘jie a saaju maahibu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-204</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-205</ref>. === Yeli ang maali ‘bing ka u tiehi nuba === A sang’konkori yeli maana di ‘chiu tiehining a segihibu da iye janjaa yia [[Georgia Historical Society]] a Savannah, ang pieli a ‘longkorong ku [[Harris]] ane [[Bull]] fuolaa, a [[Madison Square]]<ref>https://www.savannahtribune.com/articles/historical-marker-unveiled-commemorating-special-field-order-15/</ref><ref>https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/history-of-emancipation-special-field-orders-no-15/</ref>. == ming leu che nye == * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|American Civil War]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Three acres and a cow,]] a land reform slogan in Britain. * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Black land loss in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|African-American history of agriculture in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Jim Crow economy]] == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] 5qhzzhnh195r9a0niob5e1yrl6umq7u 6707544 6707542 2025-07-11T11:33:55Z Uthman salma 2604311 ADDED EDIT 6707544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q128586452}} '''Forty acres and a mule''' leuhi ‘kubu ku a ‘gboribiri chelii ku a '''Special Field Orders, No. 15 (series 1865)''',a jauri wagri tuubu muoliyeng yi Union general [[Wp/wlx/William Tecumseh Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]] a January 16, 1865, [[Wp/wlx/American Civil War,|American Civil War,]] wagri kaba di bung ing tenge ku so minga yedeme mine, a ‘teng-gbangu da ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref>https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm</ref>. Sherman pouri tuye a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi kaba sung [[Wp/wlx/Mules|mules]] ku a agrarian reform effort. A ‘ji-gbangbali tuubu a yelijera jera ku yeliyaga ku a yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi ku a jauri [[Wp/wlx/Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Radical Republican|Radical Republican]] bahibu [[Wp/wlx/Charles Sumner|Charles Sumner]] ane [[Wp/wlx/Thaddeus Stevens|Thaddeus Stevens]]<ref name=":3">[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.]]</ref>.tuuro saangbu ku a yemilung wulibu ‘jieda ihee suuri yi a [[American Civil War]].Ba da kuye die nie ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugi ku 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) ku tengbagu gaa a [[Atlantic]] coast ku a [[South Carolina, Georgia]], ane [[Florida]] ane a puobu ing po toe toe ang ba pari 40 acres (16 ha)<ref name=":4">http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100</ref>, jie ang da bang jing ang pielining 18,000 dengdenga‘be ‘yemilung ‘puong yideme ane ning jaani ku ninsagni ang kpiera a jie. == Yela ‘bigihee == [[African Americans]] da nyee kpiengaa weilibu kye da kpaliyeng a ba 'yining u taa "ninsaali buura welihibu" langbu yi begiri a buora ninsaali buura welihibu ane ba ku sori [[Miscegenation|ninsaali buura jeribu]] . dang i seniP ku a ninsaaalihung jauri , African Americans so minga deme jemaa da kpiera a North, jie be ‘yemilung ‘puong ang da vengyeng. African Americans so minga deme da pahii pahii bang awa a tuma -juubu vugihibu ku paaluu bojung ba da mang buoree ka ba tung ku sangyeu sigihibu gaa ninsaali pieni. a ‘yi bila ‘puoring, ba da nyee awa ‘nimbi-jie saambu a ku noba ang da kpeling nyogi leu ‘yeme. Bi la jung , so minga yimehi da ba i yaani a jiehi jemaa ku a United States<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. A South, yuobu begu da bahiye a paaluu ku fanga so minga African Americansa ing tuma ane wagri kanga a kuoha ba inna yemilung<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-8</ref><ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>. che anaa jaa, African Americans so minga deme agaa a paaluu lombori jaa tungye tumbuura-buura, a paahi namba fiing ang da suo o minga yoo ane tung ning tuma loribu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref> . Ba mine [[Settled in Upper Canada|kpelingye a Upper Canada]] (now [[Southern Ontario]]), a tombiri baahaa [[Underground Railroad]], ane a [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=":0" />. A chiihi taa puong ku a northern United States jie so-minga African Americans ang da tuong bung karaa minga estate, a wulibu jie ku yimelung a southern United States da mongye bungyaga. jemani niba ku African Americans ku a sori ‘yuobu ku ba minga tengbagu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925</ref>.‘begu soring,yimehi da kung bang so ba minga bungjaa.kye be iibu,ba da nyee gbaga<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001</ref>. Awa begiri yemelung da wa baahiye,ninsaali pieni da ba sagi ku bila ne so-minga yemihi ang buora kaba kaariba . Ba mine da kpelingye ka a tengbagu a yemehi ang da ko kyeba nye sanyeu na die ‘suobuhi dogihibu soring ‘di tonyugiyi a fora suoriba a kye dikubu<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Foner277-13</ref>.Yeli jaani, ang jora a "[[race"-mixing]] ang tuuribo kaba kpeling a U.S. na ba tari ‘beenhibu waaniye a , buora kaba gaa "jiehi mine". degihibu ku a saamba paali‘soruu ku so-minga yemihi piilee a yuoni 1801 wagriga [[James Monroe]] piehiye a paalikaara [[Thomas Jefferson]] ka o sung maali a too-tagi yeli a saamba paalisoruu ku taawai diera sagilaa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-15</ref>. A [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS) da maalibu wagri iye yuoni 1816 ung na yeli yela ‘ku gaa a so-minga African Americans yi a yela maalibu (not resettlement)saang’tenge<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-16</ref>. A naa jaa ka ba yela jaribu ku ba jingbu a tenge ang ba yuo a new western territories bii a sungniba kaba long paaluu gaa Canada bii Mexico, a ACS da buora kaba gaaniba a Africa. Ba da ihee a tengeni ang pieli , ang leu sigihi digibu gharge .bila jaa ang la, tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju da sigiyeng kye i libi-yag ane kuong fiing imbu ku a African Americans nuba jemaa ang ba tare nyogiriba ning bii kuong imbu a Africa. A fora yemihi mine wuliyeng ka ba da bala i a African a gaa white Americans da iye British.^{[''citation needed'']} A yi 1822 ane a [[American Civil War]], kpachaga a American tuong paalijaala niba kaara ba ‘ju nuori‘yeni lambu da‘ihi ’jieng gaa ‘ji-jaala ka a maahibu ta 15,000 so-minga African Americans gaa [[Liberia]]<ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed</ref>. Bila jaa ang la,a soribu yong a chelee ku a 7.5 million nuba ang be yemilung puong da yeng nyee bahibu. Ning simbu diera ‘woo tani,ba ba tare jemaa yelinyogiruu a gaa yeli ne ba na i ning a a kung kauhi so-minga ku a yeme sagini <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970</ref>. A yelinga da tare bambu kauhi ku ning pieni‘suobu kpiengu awa "A Negro yelikpiengaa"<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943</ref>. == Taanhuu == Begu-maaniba langbu Amerika paaluung paree a [[Confiscation Act of 1861]], da tihi sori ku a tenge ‘ju ‘sojeh inuori’yeni lambu a bung minga suobuhi dogihibu soring chengbung o jauri wagri ning a South. A begu nga bahi sori ‘ku ‘sojehi da faayeng taawai diera chengbung, paahi tengbagu ane yemihi. yeli-minga,o da i nyalaanyiili a ‘wieng yalihibu yelimingilung ku ningsagini fomaraahi siguhi ang da tare sprung up tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi nuori’yeni lambu lomboe . A yelipielaa wulibu ku a "Negro Problem" ‘hataa piili a nuori yeni lambu ku ning jemaa ahi’jie-ane-kadaahi nuba , i kparaama karichi-kpong - yi-dieri tuma diabu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979</ref> ==== Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 ==== [[Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15,]]‘yiibu a January 16, 1865, da wuliee karachihi ka ba maali a foomaraa ku a Sea Islands ane inland: 400,000 gbongbong acres da poye ing 40-acre tengbagu<ref name=":3" /> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm</ref>. Anaajaa [[mules]] (beasts of burden used for plowing) da ba buong<ref name=":3" />,nuba ang ‘dire yeli/bung tona da nyeba yi a ‘tenge ‘ju ‘sojehi <ref>https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html</ref>. a bila tengbagu da‘milingbung bang bamuu ung i "Blackacres". === Sangyeu tuma === Southern kuoriba da muohiyeng ka bungni jung ba da cheliha a tengbagu , a ning sagini paani so-minga da kong seu wagri kauhuu tuma layiri <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilson1965</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-176</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-177</ref>.South Carolina Governor [[James Lawrence]] Orr jugihiye Johnson a 1866 ka u nang daara o tengbagu , yelinyogiruu, a seura ka " paalibu leu nyiibu na leu waaning paalibu haakili‘yeni "<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965</ref>. Nuba jemaa ang da nye so-minga kong ba yeu tengbama a ang da baahi puoring kye ba da nyee libie yie tung jaani a kuobu puori,awa jima nyogihibu ane oystering.ninsaali sagini tengbama suoriba bila ‘jung a paahee wieng weing (though not for everyone) a 1870s wagri .A [[Charles City County]], three-quarters ku a ninsaali-sagni kuabu tuma da taree ba minga yoori ,ka a yalihuu pieli 36 acres<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Medford576-200</ref>. A [[York County]], 50% da iye ba minga yoo suoribo, ang da piela 20 acres<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-201</ref>. (paaluu yelingu, a nuba ne ang tare tengbagu da iye jemaa ,kye a tengbagu yalingu simbu 4 acres yong .)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Engs178-202</ref> A kuobu bungmaahaa kuobo,a bungmaaha nandaana tengbagu, da ba waaning tona tiinhuu <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-Engs178-202</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-203</ref> Bila jaa ang la, ba da buong yi ba paalimaali yela kpiengu, ane ninsaali sagini yi a regin da nyogee paaluu kaabu yelitaruu karichihi tuma ‘jie a saaju maahibu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-204</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-205</ref>. === jemaa ‘duoho seu ‘kuubu ang be a nimberii sieree yeliseu‘binnihi === A begu nga iye chelee ku a [[Official Records of the American Civil War]]. o na bang nye yi a Series I – Military Operations, Volume XLVII, Part II, paaji 60–62. A gbangu da muoliyeng a yuoni 1895<ref name=":4" />. == Nabaali yeli == A duoho yi a [[Henry Louis Gates Jr]].: === Yeli ang maali ‘bing ka u tiehi nuba === A sang’konkori yeli maana di ‘chiu tiehining a segihibu da iye janjaa yia [[Georgia Historical Society]] a Savannah, ang pieli a ‘longkorong ku [[Harris]] ane [[Bull]] fuolaa, a [[Madison Square]]<ref>https://www.savannahtribune.com/articles/historical-marker-unveiled-commemorating-special-field-order-15/</ref><ref>https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/history-of-emancipation-special-field-orders-no-15/</ref>. == ming leu che nye == * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|American Civil War]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks]] * [[American Civil WarForty Acres and a Mule FilmworksThree acres and a cow,|Three acres and a cow,]] a land reform slogan in Britain. * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Black land loss in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|African-American history of agriculture in the United States]] * [[Black land loss in the United StatesAfrican-American history of agriculture in the United StatesJim Crow economy|Jim Crow economy]] == Tarejiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] d6frpzb1jdq85q5pew0uav79r361d4c 0 3613534 6706805 6706242 2025-07-10T12:17:43Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] 8pjbs53swjyxp3zswcfdkmnorrpdr23 6706806 6706805 2025-07-10T12:19:01Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] jg4a5xr7tmfnsepwp0spccjpbpbna0w 6706808 6706806 2025-07-10T12:20:13Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] 5wjbx59zgwhdnr3wifzx0w49fdch32e 6706809 6706808 2025-07-10T12:21:34Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । भारत आउ पश्चिममे ई चिन्तन ईपू तीसरा चौथा शताब्दिए से प्रौढ़ रूपमे मिले लगऽ है जे ई बातके परिचायक है कि काव्यके विषयमे विचार विमर्श ढेर सदी पहिलहीँ शुरू हो गेलै हल । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] shn12ordh8r3z8s8trn26ghcvqwitas 6706810 6706809 2025-07-10T12:22:14Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । भारत आउ पश्चिममे ई चिन्तन ईपू तीसरा चौथा शताब्दिए से प्रौढ़ रूपमे मिले लगऽ है जे ई बातके परिचायक है कि काव्यके विषयमे विचार विमर्श ढेर सदी पहिलहीँ शुरू हो गेलै हल । "अलंकारशास्त्र" मे [[Wp/mag/अलंकार|अलंकार]] शब्दके प्रयोग व्यापक आउ संकीर्ण दुनो अर्थमे बेझेके चाही । अलंकारके दु अर्थ मान्य है - == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] rfv276aarsedi9pbxqv853w3jb78rvk 6706811 6706810 2025-07-10T12:22:37Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । भारत आउ पश्चिममे ई चिन्तन ईपू तीसरा चौथा शताब्दिए से प्रौढ़ रूपमे मिले लगऽ है जे ई बातके परिचायक है कि काव्यके विषयमे विचार विमर्श ढेर सदी पहिलहीँ शुरू हो गेलै हल । "अलंकारशास्त्र" मे [[Wp/mag/अलंकार|अलंकार]] शब्दके प्रयोग व्यापक आउ संकीर्ण दुनो अर्थमे बेझेके चाही । अलंकारके दु अर्थ मान्य है - *(१) ''अलङ्क्रियते अनेन इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यमे शोभाके आधायक उपमा, रूपक आदि ; संकीर्ण अर्थ); *(२) ''अलङ्क्रियते इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यके शोभा' ; व्यापक अर्थ) । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] j8z1kfpwx1n0buoxb0dym06il2pu1ii 6706812 6706811 2025-07-10T12:23:37Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । भारत आउ पश्चिममे ई चिन्तन ईपू तीसरा चौथा शताब्दिए से प्रौढ़ रूपमे मिले लगऽ है जे ई बातके परिचायक है कि काव्यके विषयमे विचार विमर्श ढेर सदी पहिलहीँ शुरू हो गेलै हल । "अलंकारशास्त्र" मे [[Wp/mag/अलंकार|अलंकार]] शब्दके प्रयोग व्यापक आउ संकीर्ण दुनो अर्थमे बेझेके चाही । अलंकारके दु अर्थ मान्य है - *(१) ''अलङ्क्रियते अनेन इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यमे शोभाके आधायक उपमा, रूपक आदि ; संकीर्ण अर्थ); *(२) ''अलङ्क्रियते इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यके शोभा' ; व्यापक अर्थ) । व्यापक अर्थ स्वीकार करे पर अलंकारशास्त्र काव्यशोभाके आधाएक समस्त तत्व - गुण, रीति, रस, वृत्ति ध्वनि आदि - के विधायक शास्त्र है जेकरामे ई सब तत्वके स्वरूप आउ महत्त्वके रुचिर विवरण प्रस्तुत कैल गेलै हे । संकीर्ण अर्थमे ग्रहण करे पर ई नाम अपन ऐतिहासिक महत्त्वके अभिव्यक्त करऽ है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] dhw688xp9hm1zncv28syhlxjf61934m 6706813 6706812 2025-07-10T12:24:17Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । भारत आउ पश्चिममे ई चिन्तन ईपू तीसरा चौथा शताब्दिए से प्रौढ़ रूपमे मिले लगऽ है जे ई बातके परिचायक है कि काव्यके विषयमे विचार विमर्श ढेर सदी पहिलहीँ शुरू हो गेलै हल । "अलंकारशास्त्र" मे [[Wp/mag/अलंकार|अलंकार]] शब्दके प्रयोग व्यापक आउ संकीर्ण दुनो अर्थमे बेझेके चाही । अलंकारके दु अर्थ मान्य है - *(१) ''अलङ्क्रियते अनेन इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यमे शोभाके आधायक उपमा, रूपक आदि ; संकीर्ण अर्थ); *(२) ''अलङ्क्रियते इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यके शोभा' ; व्यापक अर्थ) । व्यापक अर्थ स्वीकार करे पर अलंकारशास्त्र काव्यशोभाके आधाएक समस्त तत्व - गुण, रीति, रस, वृत्ति ध्वनि आदि - के विधायक शास्त्र है जेकरामे ई सब तत्वके स्वरूप आउ महत्त्वके रुचिर विवरण प्रस्तुत कैल गेलै हे । संकीर्ण अर्थमे ग्रहण करे पर ई नाम अपन ऐतिहासिक महत्त्वके अभिव्यक्त करऽ है । [[Wp/mag/साहित्य सिद्धान्त|साहित्यशास्त्र]]के आरम्भिक युगमे "अलङ्कार" (उपमा, रूपक, अनुप्रास आदि) ही काव्यके सर्वस्व मानल जा हलै जेकर अभावमे काव्य उष्णताहीन अग्निके समान निष्प्राण आअ निर्जीव होवऽ है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] ijqb2uhahfr3ap101sc22m5kg8xid8x 6706815 6706813 2025-07-10T12:25:41Z Pataliputra01 2598796 6706815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काव्यशास्त्र''' [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/साहित्य|साहित्य]]के [[Wp/mag/दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] आउ [[Wp/mag/विज्ञान|विज्ञान]] है । ई काव्यकृतिके विश्लेषणके आधार पर समय-समय पर उद्भावित सिद्धान्तके ज्ञानराशि है । काव्यशास्त्रला पुरान नाम 'साहित्यशास्त्र' आउ 'अलंकारशास्त्र' है आउ साहित्यके व्यापक रचनात्मक वाङ्मयके समेटे पर एकरा 'समीक्षाशास्त्र' भी कहल जाए लगलै । [[Wp/mag/संस्कृतभाषा|संस्कृत]] आलोचनाके अनेक अभिधानमे अलंकारशास्त्रे नितान्त लोकप्रिय अभिधान है । एकर प्राचीन नाममे 'क्रियाकलाप' (क्रिया काव्यग्रन्थ; कल्प विधान) [[Wp/mag/वात्स्यायन|वात्स्यायन]] द्वारा निर्दिष्ट [[Wp/mag/चौसठ कला|६४ कला]]मे से अन्यतम है। [[Wp/mag/राजशेखर|राजशेखर]] द्वारा उल्लिखित "साहित्य विद्या" नामकरण काव्यके भारतीय कल्पनाके ऊपरे आश्रित है, किन्तु ई नामकरण प्रसिद्ध न हो सकलै । युगानुरूप परिस्थितिके अनुसार काव्य आउ साहित्यके कथ्य आउ शिल्प बदलैत रहऽ है; फलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तोमे निरन्तर परिवर्तन होवित रहऽ है । [[Wp/mag/भारत|भारत]]मे [[Wp/mag/भरतमुनि|भरत]]के सिद्धान्तसे लेके आज तक आउ पश्चिममे [[Wp/mag/सुकरात|सुकरात]] आउ ओकर शिष्य [[Wp/mag/प्लेटो|प्लेटो]]से लेके अद्यतन "नवआलोचना' (नियो-क्रिटिसिज्म) तकके सिद्धान्तके ऐतिहासिक अनुशीलनसे ई बात साफ हो जा है । भारतमे काव्य नाटकादि कृतिके 'लक्ष्य ग्रन्थ' एवं सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थके 'लक्षण ग्रन्थ' कहल जा है । ई लक्षण ग्रन्थ सदा लक्ष्य ग्रन्थके पश्चाद्भावनी आउ अनुगामी है आउ महान्‌ कवि इनकर लीकके चुनौती देइत देखल जा हथिन । मूलतः काव्यशास्त्रीय चिन्तन शब्दकाव्य ([[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] एवं [[Wp/mag/मुक्तक|मुक्तक]]) आउ दृश्यकाव्ये ([[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]]) के सम्बन्धमे सिद्धान्त स्थिर करैत देखल जा है । [[Wp/mag/अरस्तु|अरस्तु]]के "पोयटिक्स" मे कामेडी, ट्रैजेडी आउ एपिक के समीक्षात्मक कसौटीके आकलन है आउ भरतके [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] केवल रूपक या दृश्यकाव्येके समीक्षाके सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत करऽ है । भारत आउ पश्चिममे ई चिन्तन ईपू तीसरा चौथा शताब्दिए से प्रौढ़ रूपमे मिले लगऽ है जे ई बातके परिचायक है कि काव्यके विषयमे विचार विमर्श ढेर सदी पहिलहीँ शुरू हो गेलै हल । "अलंकारशास्त्र" मे [[Wp/mag/अलंकार|अलंकार]] शब्दके प्रयोग व्यापक आउ संकीर्ण दुनो अर्थमे बेझेके चाही । अलंकारके दु अर्थ मान्य है - *(१) ''अलङ्क्रियते अनेन इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यमे शोभाके आधायक उपमा, रूपक आदि ; संकीर्ण अर्थ); *(२) ''अलङ्क्रियते इति अलङ्कारः'' ('काव्यके शोभा' ; व्यापक अर्थ) । व्यापक अर्थ स्वीकार करे पर अलंकारशास्त्र काव्यशोभाके आधाएक समस्त तत्व - गुण, रीति, रस, वृत्ति ध्वनि आदि - के विधायक शास्त्र है जेकरामे ई सब तत्वके स्वरूप आउ महत्त्वके रुचिर विवरण प्रस्तुत कैल गेलै हे । संकीर्ण अर्थमे ग्रहण करे पर ई नाम अपन ऐतिहासिक महत्त्वके अभिव्यक्त करऽ है । [[Wp/mag/साहित्य सिद्धान्त|साहित्यशास्त्र]]के आरम्भिक युगमे "अलङ्कार" (उपमा, रूपक, अनुप्रास आदि) ही काव्यके सर्वस्व मानल जा हलै जेकर अभावमे काव्य उष्णताहीन अग्निके समान निष्प्राण आअ निर्जीव होवऽ है । "अलंकार" के गम्भीर विश्लेषणसे एक दन्ने "[[Wp/mag/वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्त|वक्रोक्ति]]" के तत्त्व उद्भूत होलै आउ दोसर दन्ने अर्थके समीक्षा करे पर "ध्वनि" के सिद्धान्तके स्पष्ट संकेत मिललै । एहीसे रस, ध्वनि, गुण आदि काव्यतत्वके प्रतिपादक होवहुँ पर, अलंकार प्राधान्य दृष्टिए के कारण, आलोचनाशास्त्रके नाम "अलङ्कारशास्त्र" पड़लै आउ ऊ लोकप्रियो होलै । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[Wp/mag/संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास|संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रके इतिहास]] * [[Wp/mag/काव्य|काव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाटक|नाटक]] * [[Wp/mag/कवि|कवि]] * [[Wp/mag/महाकाव्य|महाकाव्य]] * [[Wp/mag/नाट्यशास्त्र|नाट्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र|पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र]] * [[Wp/mag/अलंकार (साहित्य)|अलंकार (साहित्य)]] == सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ == * डॉ॰ एस.के. दे. : संस्कृत पोएटिक्स, भाग १-२; * पं.बलदेव उपाध्याय : भारतीय साहित्यशास्त्र, खण्ड १-२ * विम्सार ऐंड ब्रुक्स : ए हिस्ट्री ऑव वेस्टर्न क्रिटिसिज्म़; * आई. ए. रिचर्ड्‌स : प्रिंसिपल्स ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * स्काट : फाइन एप्रोचेज ऑव लिटरेरी क्रिटिसिज्म; * आर्थर कोयस्लर : दि ऐक्ट ऑव क्रिएशन; * रेने वेलक : थियरी ऑव लिटरेचर; * डेविड डेचीज : क्रिटिकल ऐप्रोचेज़ टु लिटरेचर। {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051601/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - गणपति चन्द्रगुप्त) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063612/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wW_lDxYDbO8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके नया क्षितिज] (गूगल पुस्तक ; लेखक - रामनाथ त्रिपाठी) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026233613/http://manojiofs.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_29.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रमे सम्प्रदायके विकास] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125043/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/1_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-१] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125353/http://hindisahityavimarsh.blogspot.in/2014/03/2_15.html भारतीय काव्यशास्त्री एवं उनकर कालजयी कृति-२] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112239/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mhAY9YIgiwto9hj_bEVmm1l80L5MRJGRRWN0T3K7KHU/embed#slide=id.i0 भारतीय काव्यशास्त्रके परिचय] (ऋषभदेव शर्मा) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180523074327/http://sanskritbhasi.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post_1133.html अलंकार सम्प्रदाय] (संस्कृतभाषी) [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अलोचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/साहित्य|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृत|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] [[Category:Wp/mag/रस, छन्द, अलंकार|शास्त्र, अलंकार]] i69tv3iap47h4dwh33khg454beifp8v 0 3613636 6707419 6706607 2025-07-11T10:20:44Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 8yvum7yxg51coal36cl0ofb20ticmre 6707423 6707419 2025-07-11T10:21:58Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[ https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 4anb0wbl66jxng9gra2svtr1djnne5g 6707425 6707423 2025-07-11T10:22:27Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[ https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] suhqy9zqpo6z1i6ewy48w4j6aday6f2 6707427 6707425 2025-07-11T10:23:02Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] qgl1vzreyxku4i1j9flh23fq74j5xp5 6707428 6707427 2025-07-11T10:23:27Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go [[Category:Wq/pcm]] pmoawgnd2x77yk0a4fzq31fmk33jii3 6707430 6707428 2025-07-11T10:24:16Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or [[Category:Wq/pcm]] nc8fn04nfrl5gk8lhpchn517gq2my56 6707433 6707430 2025-07-11T10:25:35Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] isl3g06oui4cfzixt8dkrq0xrl9b4fl 6707435 6707433 2025-07-11T10:26:00Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 44r1y1fz2ptd812keg97qhjdusn662m 6707436 6707435 2025-07-11T10:26:45Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - [[Category:Wq/pcm]] i56fqqak704535p3urb1kn1ky3c2jhf 6707438 6707436 2025-07-11T10:27:35Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 4q624qc3e1w2kixy3s1sgfx2lq5n2k3 6707439 6707438 2025-07-11T10:28:16Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. *I be dat kain artist wey dey liv for dream wold. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 55794nv1sqky1xqffpkwm6wtd9s9mc8 6707441 6707439 2025-07-11T10:28:49Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. *I be dat kain artist wey dey liv for dream wold. Most taimes, lik 90 percent, [[Category:Wq/pcm]] cq05nw4g2so5rhnmtxb44nfx2ekgtsf 6707443 6707441 2025-07-11T10:29:18Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. *I be dat kain artist wey dey liv for dream wold. Most taimes, lik 90 percent, na for my head I dey liv. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 5n5sptbi1xns85ct69imn98xqiwh9vj 6707444 6707443 2025-07-11T10:29:58Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. *I be dat kain artist wey dey liv for dream wold. Most taimes, lik 90 percent, na for my head I dey liv. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] 2y46ylh5u386aw5j7oanpgns00n8mxi 6707445 6707444 2025-07-11T10:31:21Z Jonywikis 2568958 6707445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omah Lay in 2023.jpg|thumb|Omah Lay]] '''Omah Stanley Didia''' (wey dem [[Wq/pcm/Bon|bon]] for 18 May 1997), wey pipul sabi as '''Omah Lay''', na Naija singa, songraita and rekord produsa. ==Wetin e tok== *I stil no lik mek pipul put me for one corner or say na onli one kain music I fit do. I no be dat kain artist. **[https://www.okayafrica.com/omah-lay-nigeria-interview/ Interview: Omah Lay Is Nigeria's New Young Act to W​atch]. 6 July 2020, Okay Africa. *As I dey gro, I kom sabi say my grandpapa na pesin wey dey pley drum and oda instruments. Dat one jos sho say music dey my blood fom day one. **[https://thenationonlineng.net/growing-up-in-nigeria-made-me-strong-unique-omah-lay/ Growing up in Nigeria made me strong, unique – Omah Lay]. 23 August 2024, The Nation Newspaper. *E swit me say I fit jos do music, and ol di wold go ear am, lik am, and turn am to one big tin or movment. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. *I be dat kain artist wey dey liv for dream wold. Most taimes, lik 90 percent, na for my head I dey liv. **[https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/omah-lay-says-he-loves-that-people-call-my-music-afro-depression-2024092616551412643/ I love that people call my music Afro-depression - Omah Lay]. 28 August 2024, The Pulse. [[Category:Wq/pcm]] [[Category:Wq/pcm/Pipul wey dem bon for 1997]] 90k8f55kxzu4nvl8k2wh5kwxz2t12ti 0 3613645 6707349 6706624 2025-07-11T07:42:07Z Cannmann 2607698 6707349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Medan''' ima ibu kota dot kota targodang tingon provinsi Indonesia Sumatera Utara. Selat Malaka na donok tusi, Pelabuhan Belawan, dot Bandara Internasional Kualanamu mambaen Medan manjadi hub regional dot metropolis multikultural, manjadi pusat parhepengon tu Sumatera dot pintu gerbang tu bagian barat Indonesia. Sakitar 60% ekonomi i Sumatera Utara idukung tingon pardagangan, partanian, dot industri pangolahan,tarmasuk ekspor tingon 4 juta hektar kobun sawitnia. Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional mancantumkon Medan manjadi salah sada tingon opat kota pusat utama i Indonesia, sabola Jakarta, Surabaya, dot Makassar. Molo sian segi populasi, kota on ima kota na paling godang pendudukna di Indonesia di luar ni Pulo Jawa. Jumlah pendudukna i taon 2023 ira-ira sarupa dohot negara Moldova. I Sensus 2020, Medan puna 2.435.252 alak i bagasan batas kotana; parkiraan resmi alak i partongaan taon 2023 ima 2.474.166 alak - tardiri tingon 1.231.673 baoa dot 1.392 dadaboru. Molo dipamasuk luat parkotaan na humaliangna, godang ni pendudukna lobi sian 3,4 juta, gabe luat parkotaan na paopathon na umbalga di Indonesia. Wilayah metropolitan Medan—na mancakup tetanggana Binjai, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, dohot sabagian Kabupaten Karo—ima wilayah metropolitan targodang di luar Jawa, dohot 4.744.323 penduduk na dietong di Sensus 2020 . Kota on dipajongjong di pardomuan ni aek Deli dohot aek Babura marhite sahalak halak Karon na margoar Guru Patimpus. Dungi digoari ma Kampung Medan Putri, gabe bagian ni Kesultanan Deli, na jongjong di taon 1632. Di ujung ni abad pa-19-hon, penjajah Bolanda na mangalului luat perkebunan na imbaru mamillit Medan dohot Deli gabe pusat perkebunan laho pajongjonghon Perusahaan Deli. I bagasan piga-piga taon, pardagangan tembakau Bolanda mangubah Medan manjadi pusat ekonomi, mambaen ia mandapot goar julukan Het Tanah Dolar ("tano ni hepeng"). Kereta Api Deli, na dipajongjong laho mangangkut tembakau, karet, tes, hau, miak sawit, dohot gula sian Medan tu Pelabuhan Belawan laho ekspor tu sandok portibi on, mamboan pembangunan na lam hatop tu Medan. Kota on manjadi parjolo ibukota Negara Bagian Sumatera Timur, dungi manjadi ibukota provinsi Sumatera Utara. {{INTERWIKI|Q5972}} b7wdt0jar98cwrermntsx6n0kynmzqp 3 3613661 6706801 2025-07-10T12:03:25Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706801 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 12:03, 10 July 2025 (UTC) ch3bfl090qgupwdc2hp79jilutinil7 0 3613662 6706802 2025-07-10T12:04:50Z Jabiwu 2607719 Created page with "Center (geometry), the middle of an object [[Category:Wp/bom]]" 6706802 wikitext text/x-wiki Center (geometry), the middle of an object [[Category:Wp/bom]] hylt97c8p876plx2vhhgb21azxfleoa 3 3613663 6706824 2025-07-10T12:56:24Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706824 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 12:56, 10 July 2025 (UTC) gceogwbwqmqdr2blnegjlvxuqo3bs38 0 3613664 6706826 2025-07-10T13:17:48Z Jabiwu 2607719 Created page with "Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.[ [[Category:Wp/bom]]" 6706826 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.[ [[Category:Wp/bom]] 500vx6f371uhvoph9hs0l3o1nmn75r8 3 3613665 6706827 2025-07-10T13:20:20Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706827 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 13:20, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 0tnyqiklz51og1i5u75d9i7odflod63 3 3613666 6706828 2025-07-10T13:32:18Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706828 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 13:32, 10 July 2025 (UTC) lcqfyx3oztloi8keevsa25dz34tqy1v 3 3613667 6706829 2025-07-10T13:33:57Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706829 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 13:33, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 9lolvatj7z01h6a553z4of5if32jauy 3 3613668 6706830 2025-07-10T13:39:49Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706830 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 13:39, 10 July 2025 (UTC) gz335vpubd5npec3cccomp146cg5i6a 0 3613669 6706831 2025-07-10T14:25:35Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706831 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/apc/9 تموز|9 تموز]] 9xvgdjm0g1g2det2zuy2xmqbhq2pnjm 1 3613670 6706832 2025-07-10T14:25:40Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 10 3613671 6706833 2025-07-10T14:25:57Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706833 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/9 تموز|9 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Millard_Fillmore2.jpg | caption = ميلارد فيلمور | border = no | caption align = right }} dt5sp2cmi6c96fuugqwfpn8utkpe5c7 6706835 6706833 2025-07-10T14:26:23Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6706835 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/9 تموز|9 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Millard_Fillmore2.jpg | caption = ميلارد فيلمور | border = no | caption align = right }} [[Wp/apc/1640|1640]] – مجلس حُكّام ولاية فيرجينيا قرر يعمل جون بانش أول عبد يُعترف فيه قانونياً بمستعمرات إنكلترا بأميركا الشمالية. [[Wp/apc/1745|1745]] – بحرب الخلافة النمساوية: فرنسا ربحت بمعركة ميلي، و هالشي ساعدها تسيطر بعدين على مدينة غينت من الأراضي النمساوية بهولندا. [[Wp/apc/1790|1790]] – بالحرب الروسية السويدية: خلال معركة سفينسكساند ببحر البلطيق، البحرية السويدية قدرت تاخد تلت أسطول روسيا. [[Wp/apc/1850|1850]] – بعد وفاة زكاري تايلور، ميلارد فيلمور (بالصورة) صار رئيس للولايات المتحدة، و هو آخر رئيس من حزب الويغ بيستلم المنصب. [[Wp/apc/1995|1995]] – بالحرب الأهلية السريلانكية: بعد ما نصحو المدنيين يروحو يختبو بدور العبادة، سلاح الجو السريلانكي قصف كنيسة بنافالي، و مات فيها عالقليلة 147 شخص. 2w504hvugfw56hnapovwc5f6lkj7g2k 6706836 6706835 2025-07-10T14:26:40Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6706836 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/9 تموز|9 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Millard_Fillmore2.jpg | caption = ميلارد فيلمور | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1640|1640]] – مجلس حُكّام ولاية فيرجينيا قرر يعمل جون بانش أول عبد يُعترف فيه قانونياً بمستعمرات إنكلترا بأميركا الشمالية. * [[Wp/apc/1745|1745]] – بحرب الخلافة النمساوية: فرنسا ربحت بمعركة ميلي، و هالشي ساعدها تسيطر بعدين على مدينة غينت من الأراضي النمساوية بهولندا. * [[Wp/apc/1790|1790]] – بالحرب الروسية السويدية: خلال معركة سفينسكساند ببحر البلطيق، البحرية السويدية قدرت تاخد تلت أسطول روسيا. * [[Wp/apc/1850|1850]] – بعد وفاة زكاري تايلور، ميلارد فيلمور (بالصورة) صار رئيس للولايات المتحدة، و هو آخر رئيس من حزب الويغ بيستلم المنصب. * [[Wp/apc/1995|1995]] – بالحرب الأهلية السريلانكية: بعد ما نصحو المدنيين يروحو يختبو بدور العبادة، سلاح الجو السريلانكي قصف كنيسة بنافالي، و مات فيها عالقليلة 147 شخص. pownxvex3pkvvl4ngw4tkfhftxwdol6 6706837 6706836 2025-07-10T14:26:57Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6706837 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/9 تموز|9 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Millard_Fillmore2.jpg | caption = ميلارد فيلمور | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1640|1640]] – مجلس حُكّام ولاية فيرجينيا قرر يعمل جون بانش أول عبد يُعترف فيه قانونياً بمستعمرات إنكلترا بأميركا الشمالية. * [[Wp/apc/1745|1745]] – بحرب الخلافة النمساوية: فرنسا ربحت بمعركة ميلي، و هالشي ساعدها تسيطر بعدين على مدينة غينت من الأراضي النمساوية بهولندا. * [[Wp/apc/1790|1790]] – بالحرب الروسية السويدية: خلال معركة سفينسكساند ببحر البلطيق، البحرية السويدية قدرت تاخد تلت أسطول روسيا. * [[Wp/apc/1850|1850]] – بعد وفاة زكاري تايلور، ميلارد فيلمور (بالصورة) صار رئيس للولايات المتحدة، و هو آخر رئيس من حزب الويغ بيستلم المنصب. * [[Wp/apc/1995|1995]] – بالحرب الأهلية السريلانكية: بعد ما نصحو المدنيين يروحو يختبو بدور العبادة، سلاح الجو السريلانكي قصف كنيسة بنافالي، و مات فيها عالقليلة 147 شخص. <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5664394}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> lxpiyi57jlhrv26824zmsi2uas3n1xi 6706838 6706837 2025-07-10T14:27:10Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٩ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز]] 6706837 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/9 تموز|9 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Millard_Fillmore2.jpg | caption = ميلارد فيلمور | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/1640|1640]] – مجلس حُكّام ولاية فيرجينيا قرر يعمل جون بانش أول عبد يُعترف فيه قانونياً بمستعمرات إنكلترا بأميركا الشمالية. * [[Wp/apc/1745|1745]] – بحرب الخلافة النمساوية: فرنسا ربحت بمعركة ميلي، و هالشي ساعدها تسيطر بعدين على مدينة غينت من الأراضي النمساوية بهولندا. * [[Wp/apc/1790|1790]] – بالحرب الروسية السويدية: خلال معركة سفينسكساند ببحر البلطيق، البحرية السويدية قدرت تاخد تلت أسطول روسيا. * [[Wp/apc/1850|1850]] – بعد وفاة زكاري تايلور، ميلارد فيلمور (بالصورة) صار رئيس للولايات المتحدة، و هو آخر رئيس من حزب الويغ بيستلم المنصب. * [[Wp/apc/1995|1995]] – بالحرب الأهلية السريلانكية: بعد ما نصحو المدنيين يروحو يختبو بدور العبادة، سلاح الجو السريلانكي قصف كنيسة بنافالي، و مات فيها عالقليلة 147 شخص. <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5664394}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> lxpiyi57jlhrv26824zmsi2uas3n1xi 11 3613672 6706834 2025-07-10T14:26:04Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 6706840 6706834 2025-07-10T14:27:11Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٩ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز]] 6706834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 10 3613673 6706839 2025-07-10T14:27:10Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٩ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز]] 6706839 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز]] aabuxycpnkuf3y5gui0lb2jpg5y09us 11 3613674 6706841 2025-07-10T14:27:11Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/٩ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز]] 6706841 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/9 تموز]] 4cz3yxjfrbcd3i3o6k48kdq7vjakl0c 0 3613675 6706844 2025-07-10T14:28:29Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706844 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/apc/10 تموز|10 تموز]] t6ghklzirk3ma88fd90tcbq257nsipp 1 3613676 6706845 2025-07-10T14:28:34Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 3 3613677 6706846 2025-07-10T14:28:43Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706846 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 14:28, 10 July 2025 (UTC) q04b7w4bggvko8ii2wza8c9tyarwzfi 10 3613678 6706847 2025-07-10T14:29:15Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706847 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/10 تموز|10 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Ould_Mohamed_Saleck,_1978.png | caption = مصطفى ولد السالك | border = no | caption align = right }} gsyi2f3qy23ufypezqhqidi1sj7h6vn 6706849 6706847 2025-07-10T14:29:46Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6706849 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/10 تموز|10 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Ould_Mohamed_Saleck,_1978.png | caption = مصطفى ولد السالك | border = no | caption align = right }} [[Wp/apc/645|645]] – ضمن خطة للقضاء على عشيرة سوغا اليابانية، الأمير ناكا نو أويه اغتال سوغا نو إيروكا، و هالشي كان بداية حادثة إشّي. [[Wp/apc/1519|1519]] – زو تشينهاو أعلن إنو الإمبراطور تشنغده من سلالة مينغ هو مغتصب للعرش، و بلّش تمرد أمير نينغ. [[Wp/apc/1668|1668]] – بحرب إنكلترا و إسبانيا (1654–1660): هنري مورغان مع قوة قراصنة إنكليز نزلوا بمدينة بورتو بيلو (ببنما هلق) لمحاولة السيطرة على المدينة الإسبانية. [[Wp/apc/1925|1925]] – الصوفي و المعلم الروحي الهندي مهر بابا بلّش صمته اللي استمر حتى وفاتو سنة 1969، و من وقتها صار يتواصل بلوح أبجدي أو بإشارات إيدين خاصة فيه. [[Wp/apc/1978|1978]] – مختار ولد داداه، أول رئيس لموريتانيا، انقلبو عليه بانقلاب عسكري بقيادة مصطفى ولد السالك (بالصورة). t2z9w1n62fufxgg4so83u0eh1rysqgo 6706850 6706849 2025-07-10T14:30:03Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6706850 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/10 تموز|10 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Ould_Mohamed_Saleck,_1978.png | caption = مصطفى ولد السالك | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/645|645]] – ضمن خطة للقضاء على عشيرة سوغا اليابانية، الأمير ناكا نو أويه اغتال سوغا نو إيروكا، و هالشي كان بداية حادثة إشّي. * [[Wp/apc/1519|1519]] – زو تشينهاو أعلن إنو الإمبراطور تشنغده من سلالة مينغ هو مغتصب للعرش، و بلّش تمرد أمير نينغ. * [[Wp/apc/1668|1668]] – بحرب إنكلترا و إسبانيا (1654–1660): هنري مورغان مع قوة قراصنة إنكليز نزلوا بمدينة بورتو بيلو (ببنما هلق) لمحاولة السيطرة على المدينة الإسبانية. * [[Wp/apc/1925|1925]] – الصوفي و المعلم الروحي الهندي مهر بابا بلّش صمته اللي استمر حتى وفاتو سنة 1969، و من وقتها صار يتواصل بلوح أبجدي أو بإشارات إيدين خاصة فيه. * [[Wp/apc/1978|1978]] – مختار ولد داداه، أول رئيس لموريتانيا، انقلبو عليه بانقلاب عسكري بقيادة مصطفى ولد السالك (بالصورة). cq8i4f6cjaei81dexhc27w59e4lpv62 6706851 6706850 2025-07-10T14:30:17Z HitomiAkane 2542203 تعديل 6706851 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/10 تموز|10 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Ould_Mohamed_Saleck,_1978.png | caption = مصطفى ولد السالك | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/645|645]] – ضمن خطة للقضاء على عشيرة سوغا اليابانية، الأمير ناكا نو أويه اغتال سوغا نو إيروكا، و هالشي كان بداية حادثة إشّي. * [[Wp/apc/1519|1519]] – زو تشينهاو أعلن إنو الإمبراطور تشنغده من سلالة مينغ هو مغتصب للعرش، و بلّش تمرد أمير نينغ. * [[Wp/apc/1668|1668]] – بحرب إنكلترا و إسبانيا (1654–1660): هنري مورغان مع قوة قراصنة إنكليز نزلوا بمدينة بورتو بيلو (ببنما هلق) لمحاولة السيطرة على المدينة الإسبانية. * [[Wp/apc/1925|1925]] – الصوفي و المعلم الروحي الهندي مهر بابا بلّش صمته اللي استمر حتى وفاتو سنة 1969، و من وقتها صار يتواصل بلوح أبجدي أو بإشارات إيدين خاصة فيه. * [[Wp/apc/1978|1978]] – مختار ولد داداه، أول رئيس لموريتانيا، انقلبو عليه بانقلاب عسكري بقيادة مصطفى ولد السالك (بالصورة). <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5675889}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> qkotaq5qnh66oeojid544hngb9a6qif 6706852 6706851 2025-07-10T14:30:25Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١٠ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز]] 6706851 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>== [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/تموز|تموز]] ==</noinclude> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''[[Wp/apc/10 تموز|10 تموز]]''' }} {{Wp/apc/Main page image/OTD | image = Ould_Mohamed_Saleck,_1978.png | caption = مصطفى ولد السالك | border = no | caption align = right }} * [[Wp/apc/645|645]] – ضمن خطة للقضاء على عشيرة سوغا اليابانية، الأمير ناكا نو أويه اغتال سوغا نو إيروكا، و هالشي كان بداية حادثة إشّي. * [[Wp/apc/1519|1519]] – زو تشينهاو أعلن إنو الإمبراطور تشنغده من سلالة مينغ هو مغتصب للعرش، و بلّش تمرد أمير نينغ. * [[Wp/apc/1668|1668]] – بحرب إنكلترا و إسبانيا (1654–1660): هنري مورغان مع قوة قراصنة إنكليز نزلوا بمدينة بورتو بيلو (ببنما هلق) لمحاولة السيطرة على المدينة الإسبانية. * [[Wp/apc/1925|1925]] – الصوفي و المعلم الروحي الهندي مهر بابا بلّش صمته اللي استمر حتى وفاتو سنة 1969، و من وقتها صار يتواصل بلوح أبجدي أو بإشارات إيدين خاصة فيه. * [[Wp/apc/1978|1978]] – مختار ولد داداه، أول رئيس لموريتانيا، انقلبو عليه بانقلاب عسكري بقيادة مصطفى ولد السالك (بالصورة). <noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5675889}} [[Category:Wp/apc/مناسبات مختارة]] [[Category:Wp/apc]] </noinclude> qkotaq5qnh66oeojid544hngb9a6qif 11 3613679 6706848 2025-07-10T14:29:19Z HitomiAkane 2542203 جديد 6706848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 6706854 6706848 2025-07-10T14:30:25Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١٠ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز]] 6706848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/apc/DiscussionHeader}} <!-- مواضيع النقاش الجديدة تحت هاد السطر --> lpqvg4b21fnrigbs93v0i21p1gj44qw 10 3613680 6706853 2025-07-10T14:30:25Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١٠ تموز]] to [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز]] 6706853 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز]] a8qsmsbj43ovnty5i2v8o938wab5kkv 11 3613681 6706855 2025-07-10T14:30:25Z HitomiAkane 2542203 HitomiAkane moved page [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/١٠ تموز]] to [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز]] 6706855 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template talk:Wp/apc/OnThisDay/10 تموز]] sy6buos0rf6xhja56thqgfhkqff501d 0 3613682 6706858 2025-07-10T14:48:21Z Ilja isv 2601220 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|thumb|right|250px| Horugva Sudana]] {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}..." 6706858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|thumb|right|250px| Horugva Sudana]] {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} 840tolnpcmj440kloc5zhzvxy2izxxk 6707526 6706858 2025-07-11T11:07:30Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707526 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|thumb|right|250px| Horugva Sudana]] {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanskz funt|Sudanskz funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} 6hzy2k3n5pa03dkh30n6fgv3fjxp6nb 6707527 6707526 2025-07-11T11:07:45Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudanskz funt|Sudanskz funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} tg5wt2iozq9yp57a5l50b9qzaobrcbn 6707528 6707527 2025-07-11T11:08:52Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[Wp/isv/Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudansky funt|Sudansky funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} m0wam0uwwj2na40sm37ngf3zfiv3uyu 6707530 6707528 2025-07-11T11:11:40Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[:en:Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudansky funt|Sudansky funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Wp/isv/Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} o7p0ed4fceyi2cux8iayz7325kt6uai 6707531 6707530 2025-07-11T11:13:10Z Ilja isv 2601220 6707531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/isv/Začetok|data=July 2025}} {{Wp/isv/-|''Under construction''}} {{Wp/isv/Kartka država | conventional_long_name = Republika Sudan | common_name = ''Sudan'' | native_name = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|جمهورية السودان}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Gerb | national_motto = <center>{{Wp/isv/Jezyky|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />''an-Naṣr lanā''<br />{{Wp/isv/Small|"Victory is Ours"}} | national_anthem = <center>{{Wp/isv/Lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}}<br />''{{Wp/isv/-|[[:en:Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}''<br />Jesmo vojovniky Boga, vojovniky Naroda<br /> <center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]] | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green. | image_map2 = | capital = [[Wp/isv/Hartum|Hartum]] | coordinates = {{Wp/isv/Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Wp/isv/Omdurman|Omdurman]] | official_languages = [[Wp/isv/Arabsky jezyk|arabsky]] • [[Wp/isv/Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]] | languages_type = National language | languages = Sudanese Arabic | ethnic_groups = {{Wp/isv/Vunblist | 70% [[Wp/isv/Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese Arabs]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/| title = People and Society CIA world factbook| date = 8 March 2022}}</ref> | 5.5% [[Wp/isv/Beja people|Beja]] | 2.5% [[Wp/isv/Nuba peoples|Nuba]] | 2% [[Wp/isv/Fur people|Fur]] | 1.2% [[Wp/isv/Egyptians|Egyptian]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf| title = الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء}}</ref> | 0.5% [[Wp/isv/Fula people|Fulani]]<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU| title = Sudanese Fulani in Sudan}}</ref> | 18.34% [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|other]] }} | government_type = [[Wp/isv/Federacija|Federalna]] [[Wp/isv/Prezidentska sistema|prezidentska]] [[Wp/isv/Republika|konstitucijna republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Wp/isv/List of heads of state of Sudan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Wp/isv/Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = [[Wp/isv/Vice President of Sudan|First Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Wp/isv/Malik Agar|Malik Agar]] | leader_title3 = Second Vice President | leader_name3 = [[Wp/isv/Shams al-Din Khabbashi|Shams al-Din Khabbashi]] | leader_title4 = [[Wp/isv/Prime Minister of Sudan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name4 = [[Wp/isv/Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]] (acting) | legislature = [[Wp/isv/Transitional Legislative Council (Sudan)|Transitional Legislative Council]] | sovereignty_type = [[Wp/isv/History of Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Wp/isv/Kingdom of Kush|Kingdom of Kush]] | established_date1 = 1070 BC | established_event2 = [[Wp/isv/Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]] | established_date2 = 1885 | established_event3 = [[Wp/isv/Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] | established_date3 = 1899 | established_event4 = Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule | established_date4 = 1 January 1956 | established_event5 = Secession of [[Wp/isv/South Sudan|South Sudan]] | established_date5 = 9 July 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite web| url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/| title = Sudan Population 2021}}</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 (sporno)<ref>{{Wp/isv/Cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713214109/http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 33 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = 202 | GDP_PPP = $177.678 miliardov<ref name=imf2>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,232<ref name=imf1>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $33.903 miliardov<ref name=imf4>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=32&pr.y=12 |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf3>{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C314%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C962%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 34.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{Wp/isv/Cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.510 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Wp/isv/Cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 170 | currency = [[Wp/isv/Sudansky funt|Sudansky funt]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[:en:Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Wp/isv/+249|+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[Wp/isv/.sd|.sd]]<br />[[Wp/isv/سودان.|سودان.]] | demonym = [[Wp/isv/Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] | today = }} ==Linky i referencije== {{Wp/isv/Iztočniky}} ==Vnešnje linky== * ''Tuty članok sodrživaje prěklad iz članka {{Wp/isv/-|«[[:simple:Sudan|Sudan]]»}} v Vikipediji na prostom anglijskom ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan&action=history spis avtorov]; dozvoljeńje [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|{{Wp/isv/-|CC BY-SA 4.0}}]]).'' {{Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě}} [[Category:Wp/isv]] [[Category:Wp/isv/Državy v Afrikě]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1049}} px2jn53dnn2e7pa3ql8hb7qqrsejk90 3 3613683 6706859 2025-07-10T14:49:13Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706859 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 14:49, 10 July 2025 (UTC) ifa9te922wvv912mmbqxbrujcn41rix 3 3613684 6706862 2025-07-10T14:58:25Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706862 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 14:58, 10 July 2025 (UTC) hslztvlbruk6h7s9fw2zh3z6cu8zvww 0 3613685 6706866 2025-07-10T15:52:40Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 5 more Kurukh proverbs with translations 6706866 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying [[Category:Wq/kru]] 5isyqphzvn8rr02jrka6p9t2bi0hu2j 6706867 6706866 2025-07-10T15:55:23Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 10 Kurukh proverbs with Hindi and English explanation 6706867 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying [[Category:Wq/kru]] n2920ee4vuki8a64gbx2qstw1rpdukk 6706870 6706867 2025-07-10T15:57:30Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 5 more Kurukh proverbs with Hindi and English meaning 6706870 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "गाछ बड़े से छाँव मिलय, मनुख बड़े से ज्ञान मिलय।" : जैसे पेड़ से छाया मिलती है, वैसे बुजुर्ग से ज्ञान। : ''Shade comes from big trees, wisdom comes from elders.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "बिन पानी मछरी न तरे, बिन भरोसा बात न चले।" : विश्वास के बिना कोई संबंध नहीं टिकता। : ''A fish cannot swim without water, a bond cannot survive without trust.'' : — Kurukh saying * "धरती झुके तो अन्न उपजय, मनुख झुके तो स्नेह उपजय।" : नम्रता से ही जीवन में फल मिलता है। : ''The earth yields food when it bows, the heart yields love when it humbles.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "बोल मीठा होय तो काँटों परो फूल लागय।" : अच्छे शब्दों से कठोर स्थिति भी सुंदर बन जाती है। : ''With sweet words, even thorns seem like flowers.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "आकाश में उड़ला से पाँव जमीन न भूले।" : उँचाई पाने पर भी जड़ नहीं भूलनी चाहिए। : ''Even if you fly in the sky, don’t forget your roots.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying [[Category:Wq/kru]] ln5ued7gd4jr9o71foliuby1jbe9apl 6706871 6706870 2025-07-10T15:58:45Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added another 5 Kurukh proverbs with translations 6706871 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "गाछ बड़े से छाँव मिलय, मनुख बड़े से ज्ञान मिलय।" : जैसे पेड़ से छाया मिलती है, वैसे बुजुर्ग से ज्ञान। : ''Shade comes from big trees, wisdom comes from elders.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "बिन पानी मछरी न तरे, बिन भरोसा बात न चले।" : विश्वास के बिना कोई संबंध नहीं टिकता। : ''A fish cannot swim without water, a bond cannot survive without trust.'' : — Kurukh saying * "धरती झुके तो अन्न उपजय, मनुख झुके तो स्नेह उपजय।" : नम्रता से ही जीवन में फल मिलता है। : ''The earth yields food when it bows, the heart yields love when it humbles.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "बोल मीठा होय तो काँटों परो फूल लागय।" : अच्छे शब्दों से कठोर स्थिति भी सुंदर बन जाती है। : ''With sweet words, even thorns seem like flowers.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "आकाश में उड़ला से पाँव जमीन न भूले।" : उँचाई पाने पर भी जड़ नहीं भूलनी चाहिए। : ''Even if you fly in the sky, don’t forget your roots.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "अंधार में दीप, दुख में संगी।" : अंधकार में दीपक और दुःख में साथ देने वाला सबसे जरूरी होता है। : ''A lamp in darkness, a friend in sorrow — both are precious.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "जे पेट भरय, से मन न भरय।" : शरीर की भूख मिट सकती है, पर मन की नहीं। : ''The belly may be full, but not the heart.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "चिंटी अपन दाना आपन समय में उठाय।" : हर जीव अपने समय से काम करता है। : ''Even the ant carries its grain in its own time.'' : — Kurukh folk wisdom * "बहते पानी में पाँव न टिकय।" : अस्थिर हालातों में स्थायित्व नहीं हो सकता। : ''Feet cannot stand in flowing water.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "खाली घरवा में भूँकय कुकुर।" : जो खुद कमजोर होता है, वो ही सबसे ज्यादा शोर करता है। : ''The dog barks in an empty house.'' : — Kurukh saying [[Category:Wq/kru]] dtgi8drbxmwjo50wzc3pob372hlwrdx 6706872 6706871 2025-07-10T15:59:38Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 5 more Kurukh proverbs with Hindi and English translations 6706872 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "गाछ बड़े से छाँव मिलय, मनुख बड़े से ज्ञान मिलय।" : जैसे पेड़ से छाया मिलती है, वैसे बुजुर्ग से ज्ञान। : ''Shade comes from big trees, wisdom comes from elders.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "बिन पानी मछरी न तरे, बिन भरोसा बात न चले।" : विश्वास के बिना कोई संबंध नहीं टिकता। : ''A fish cannot swim without water, a bond cannot survive without trust.'' : — Kurukh saying * "धरती झुके तो अन्न उपजय, मनुख झुके तो स्नेह उपजय।" : नम्रता से ही जीवन में फल मिलता है। : ''The earth yields food when it bows, the heart yields love when it humbles.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "बोल मीठा होय तो काँटों परो फूल लागय।" : अच्छे शब्दों से कठोर स्थिति भी सुंदर बन जाती है। : ''With sweet words, even thorns seem like flowers.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "आकाश में उड़ला से पाँव जमीन न भूले।" : उँचाई पाने पर भी जड़ नहीं भूलनी चाहिए। : ''Even if you fly in the sky, don’t forget your roots.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "अंधार में दीप, दुख में संगी।" : अंधकार में दीपक और दुःख में साथ देने वाला सबसे जरूरी होता है। : ''A lamp in darkness, a friend in sorrow — both are precious.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "जे पेट भरय, से मन न भरय।" : शरीर की भूख मिट सकती है, पर मन की नहीं। : ''The belly may be full, but not the heart.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "चिंटी अपन दाना आपन समय में उठाय।" : हर जीव अपने समय से काम करता है। : ''Even the ant carries its grain in its own time.'' : — Kurukh folk wisdom * "बहते पानी में पाँव न टिकय।" : अस्थिर हालातों में स्थायित्व नहीं हो सकता। : ''Feet cannot stand in flowing water.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "खाली घरवा में भूँकय कुकुर।" : जो खुद कमजोर होता है, वो ही सबसे ज्यादा शोर करता है। : ''The dog barks in an empty house.'' : — Kurukh saying * "कुकुर सुतले पर भुंकय न, जागे पर जागाय।" : जो सच में जागरूक है, वही दूसरों को भी जागरूक करता है। : ''A sleeping dog won’t bark; only the awake can awaken others.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "डाल झुके तो फल लागय।" : विनम्रता से ही सफलता मिलती है। : ''The branch that bends bears fruit.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "तूरा संग रहला से गंध लागय।" : संगत का प्रभाव जरूर पड़ता है। : ''Stay near incense, and you'll smell sweet.'' : — Kurukh saying * "बिना कस के तीर न चलय।" : बिना तैयारी के कोई काम सफल नहीं होता। : ''An arrow cannot fly without being drawn tight.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "नदी अपन राह खोजे, पत्थर के काट के।" : जो ठान लेता है, वह रास्ता बना ही लेता है। : ''A river finds its path, even through stone.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying [[Category:Wq/kru]] px78esvjxkm0wpu91b6o4o4reazvmxt 6706874 6706872 2025-07-10T16:00:32Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 5 more Kurukh proverbs (Set #6) with translations 6706874 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "गाछ बड़े से छाँव मिलय, मनुख बड़े से ज्ञान मिलय।" : जैसे पेड़ से छाया मिलती है, वैसे बुजुर्ग से ज्ञान। : ''Shade comes from big trees, wisdom comes from elders.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "बिन पानी मछरी न तरे, बिन भरोसा बात न चले।" : विश्वास के बिना कोई संबंध नहीं टिकता। : ''A fish cannot swim without water, a bond cannot survive without trust.'' : — Kurukh saying * "धरती झुके तो अन्न उपजय, मनुख झुके तो स्नेह उपजय।" : नम्रता से ही जीवन में फल मिलता है। : ''The earth yields food when it bows, the heart yields love when it humbles.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "बोल मीठा होय तो काँटों परो फूल लागय।" : अच्छे शब्दों से कठोर स्थिति भी सुंदर बन जाती है। : ''With sweet words, even thorns seem like flowers.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "आकाश में उड़ला से पाँव जमीन न भूले।" : उँचाई पाने पर भी जड़ नहीं भूलनी चाहिए। : ''Even if you fly in the sky, don’t forget your roots.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "अंधार में दीप, दुख में संगी।" : अंधकार में दीपक और दुःख में साथ देने वाला सबसे जरूरी होता है। : ''A lamp in darkness, a friend in sorrow — both are precious.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "जे पेट भरय, से मन न भरय।" : शरीर की भूख मिट सकती है, पर मन की नहीं। : ''The belly may be full, but not the heart.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "चिंटी अपन दाना आपन समय में उठाय।" : हर जीव अपने समय से काम करता है। : ''Even the ant carries its grain in its own time.'' : — Kurukh folk wisdom * "बहते पानी में पाँव न टिकय।" : अस्थिर हालातों में स्थायित्व नहीं हो सकता। : ''Feet cannot stand in flowing water.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "खाली घरवा में भूँकय कुकुर।" : जो खुद कमजोर होता है, वो ही सबसे ज्यादा शोर करता है। : ''The dog barks in an empty house.'' : — Kurukh saying * "कुकुर सुतले पर भुंकय न, जागे पर जागाय।" : जो सच में जागरूक है, वही दूसरों को भी जागरूक करता है। : ''A sleeping dog won’t bark; only the awake can awaken others.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "डाल झुके तो फल लागय।" : विनम्रता से ही सफलता मिलती है। : ''The branch that bends bears fruit.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "तूरा संग रहला से गंध लागय।" : संगत का प्रभाव जरूर पड़ता है। : ''Stay near incense, and you'll smell sweet.'' : — Kurukh saying * "बिना कस के तीर न चलय।" : बिना तैयारी के कोई काम सफल नहीं होता। : ''An arrow cannot fly without being drawn tight.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "नदी अपन राह खोजे, पत्थर के काट के।" : जो ठान लेता है, वह रास्ता बना ही लेता है। : ''A river finds its path, even through stone.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "नावा बनाय से पहिल उ गड़ाय पड़य।" : कोई भी चीज़ बनाने से पहले उसे ठीक से जमाना होता है। : ''Before building a boat, it must be properly shaped.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "धुर्रा में खेले तो कपड़ा मैला होय।" : गलत संगति में पड़ने से खुद को नुकसान होता है। : ''Play in the dust, and your clothes get dirty.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "घट्टी बिना दान कइसे पिसय?" : मेहनत के बिना फल नहीं मिलता। : ''Without the grinding stone, grain won't turn to flour.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "जिनगी एके दउड़ न हय।" : जीवन सिर्फ एक ही दिशा में नहीं चलता। : ''Life is not a one-way race.'' : — Kurukh saying * "चाँद तो दूर, अंजुरी में पानी सम्हार।" : बहुत दूर [[Category:Wq/kru]] t19fzjrjto5zq75irmapuxwi4pky6jk 6706875 6706874 2025-07-10T16:01:32Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 5 more Kurukh proverbs (Set #7) with translations 6706875 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "गाछ बड़े से छाँव मिलय, मनुख बड़े से ज्ञान मिलय।" : जैसे पेड़ से छाया मिलती है, वैसे बुजुर्ग से ज्ञान। : ''Shade comes from big trees, wisdom comes from elders.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "बिन पानी मछरी न तरे, बिन भरोसा बात न चले।" : विश्वास के बिना कोई संबंध नहीं टिकता। : ''A fish cannot swim without water, a bond cannot survive without trust.'' : — Kurukh saying * "धरती झुके तो अन्न उपजय, मनुख झुके तो स्नेह उपजय।" : नम्रता से ही जीवन में फल मिलता है। : ''The earth yields food when it bows, the heart yields love when it humbles.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "बोल मीठा होय तो काँटों परो फूल लागय।" : अच्छे शब्दों से कठोर स्थिति भी सुंदर बन जाती है। : ''With sweet words, even thorns seem like flowers.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "आकाश में उड़ला से पाँव जमीन न भूले।" : उँचाई पाने पर भी जड़ नहीं भूलनी चाहिए। : ''Even if you fly in the sky, don’t forget your roots.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "अंधार में दीप, दुख में संगी।" : अंधकार में दीपक और दुःख में साथ देने वाला सबसे जरूरी होता है। : ''A lamp in darkness, a friend in sorrow — both are precious.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "जे पेट भरय, से मन न भरय।" : शरीर की भूख मिट सकती है, पर मन की नहीं। : ''The belly may be full, but not the heart.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "चिंटी अपन दाना आपन समय में उठाय।" : हर जीव अपने समय से काम करता है। : ''Even the ant carries its grain in its own time.'' : — Kurukh folk wisdom * "बहते पानी में पाँव न टिकय।" : अस्थिर हालातों में स्थायित्व नहीं हो सकता। : ''Feet cannot stand in flowing water.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "खाली घरवा में भूँकय कुकुर।" : जो खुद कमजोर होता है, वो ही सबसे ज्यादा शोर करता है। : ''The dog barks in an empty house.'' : — Kurukh saying * "कुकुर सुतले पर भुंकय न, जागे पर जागाय।" : जो सच में जागरूक है, वही दूसरों को भी जागरूक करता है। : ''A sleeping dog won’t bark; only the awake can awaken others.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "डाल झुके तो फल लागय।" : विनम्रता से ही सफलता मिलती है। : ''The branch that bends bears fruit.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "तूरा संग रहला से गंध लागय।" : संगत का प्रभाव जरूर पड़ता है। : ''Stay near incense, and you'll smell sweet.'' : — Kurukh saying * "बिना कस के तीर न चलय।" : बिना तैयारी के कोई काम सफल नहीं होता। : ''An arrow cannot fly without being drawn tight.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "नदी अपन राह खोजे, पत्थर के काट के।" : जो ठान लेता है, वह रास्ता बना ही लेता है। : ''A river finds its path, even through stone.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "नावा बनाय से पहिल उ गड़ाय पड़य।" : कोई भी चीज़ बनाने से पहले उसे ठीक से जमाना होता है। : ''Before building a boat, it must be properly shaped.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "धुर्रा में खेले तो कपड़ा मैला होय।" : गलत संगति में पड़ने से खुद को नुकसान होता है। : ''Play in the dust, and your clothes get dirty.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "घट्टी बिना दान कइसे पिसय?" : मेहनत के बिना फल नहीं मिलता। : ''Without the grinding stone, grain won't turn to flour.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "जिनगी एके दउड़ न हय।" : जीवन सिर्फ एक ही दिशा में नहीं चलता। : ''Life is not a one-way race.'' : — Kurukh saying * "चाँद तो दूर, अंजुरी में पानी सम्हार।" : बहुत दूर * "धन हराय से कम होय, मान हराय से सब हराय।" : पैसा चला जाए तो कुछ नहीं, लेकिन इज़्ज़त चली जाए तो सब चला जाता है। : ''Lose money and lose a little; lose honor and lose everything.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बगुला उड़े चुपचाप, मगर मछली पकड़य पक्का।" : चुपचाप काम करने वाला ही असली सफलता पाता है। : ''The heron flies silently, but catches fish surely.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "एके मुँह से गुड़ और मिर्च न बोलाय।" : एक इंसान एक साथ मीठा और तीखा नहीं हो सकता। : ''A mouth cannot speak sugar and spice at the same time.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "अंगुरी एक न बजे, सब मिलके बाजा बजे।" : अकेला आदमी कुछ नहीं कर सकता, साथ में ताकत है। : ''One finger can’t clap, but all together make music.'' : — Traditional Kurukh saying * "रात अंधार होय तो तारो चमकय।" : मुश्किल समय में ही अच्छाई की पहचान होती है। : ''Stars shine only when the night is dark.'' : — Kurukh proverb [[Category:Wq/kru]] 3v1dgdlzqj18tyxrfxkx2jdh2axsx9b 6706876 6706875 2025-07-10T16:02:44Z SHUBHAM KR SONI 2606625 Added 5 more Kurukh proverbs 6706876 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kurukh== === लोकोक्तियाँ === * "दाग न लगा तो पानी न बहय।" : जब तक कोई कारण न हो, परिणाम नहीं होता। : ''No water flows without a cause.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "असाड़ी में खेत देख, बियासी में बेटा।" : सही समय पर मूल्यांकन जरूरी होता है। : ''Judge a son in harvest, a field in rain.'' : — Kurukh saying * "पिठा खाई से पेट भरय, बात कहे से मन भरय।" : खाने से पेट और बोलने से मन संतुष्ट होता है। : ''Food fills the belly, words fill the heart.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "जेना सोय ओना बोय।" : जैसा कर्म करेगा, वैसा फल पाएगा। : ''You reap where you sow.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "नदी अपन ठाँव ल खोजे, मनुख अपन ठाँव ल बनाय।" : नदी रास्ता खोजती है, इंसान रास्ता बनाता है। : ''The river finds its way, man makes his own.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "माटी में जे रोपले, उहे उगे।" : जो बोओगे वही उगेगा। : ''You will harvest what you plant in the soil.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "कागा के सुर लागे तो सूरज न निकसे।" : किसी की आवाज से सूरज नहीं रुकता — सच्चाई नहीं छुप सकती। : ''Just because a crow caws doesn’t mean the sun won’t rise.'' : — Kurukh saying * "डर लगा तो जंगलो बोलय।" : जो डरा होता है, वह आवाज़ ज़्यादा करता है। : ''Those who fear, shout the most.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "सरग के बात धरती के न समझाय।" : जो ऊँचा अनुभव है, वो सबको समझ नहीं आता। : ''Heaven’s words aren’t understood by the earth.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बिना जड़ के पेड़ ठाढ़ न होय।" : नींव के बिना कुछ टिक नहीं सकता। : ''No tree stands without roots.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "गाछ बड़े से छाँव मिलय, मनुख बड़े से ज्ञान मिलय।" : जैसे पेड़ से छाया मिलती है, वैसे बुजुर्ग से ज्ञान। : ''Shade comes from big trees, wisdom comes from elders.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "बिन पानी मछरी न तरे, बिन भरोसा बात न चले।" : विश्वास के बिना कोई संबंध नहीं टिकता। : ''A fish cannot swim without water, a bond cannot survive without trust.'' : — Kurukh saying * "धरती झुके तो अन्न उपजय, मनुख झुके तो स्नेह उपजय।" : नम्रता से ही जीवन में फल मिलता है। : ''The earth yields food when it bows, the heart yields love when it humbles.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "बोल मीठा होय तो काँटों परो फूल लागय।" : अच्छे शब्दों से कठोर स्थिति भी सुंदर बन जाती है। : ''With sweet words, even thorns seem like flowers.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "आकाश में उड़ला से पाँव जमीन न भूले।" : उँचाई पाने पर भी जड़ नहीं भूलनी चाहिए। : ''Even if you fly in the sky, don’t forget your roots.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "अंधार में दीप, दुख में संगी।" : अंधकार में दीपक और दुःख में साथ देने वाला सबसे जरूरी होता है। : ''A lamp in darkness, a friend in sorrow — both are precious.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "जे पेट भरय, से मन न भरय।" : शरीर की भूख मिट सकती है, पर मन की नहीं। : ''The belly may be full, but not the heart.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "चिंटी अपन दाना आपन समय में उठाय।" : हर जीव अपने समय से काम करता है। : ''Even the ant carries its grain in its own time.'' : — Kurukh folk wisdom * "बहते पानी में पाँव न टिकय।" : अस्थिर हालातों में स्थायित्व नहीं हो सकता। : ''Feet cannot stand in flowing water.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "खाली घरवा में भूँकय कुकुर।" : जो खुद कमजोर होता है, वो ही सबसे ज्यादा शोर करता है। : ''The dog barks in an empty house.'' : — Kurukh saying * "कुकुर सुतले पर भुंकय न, जागे पर जागाय।" : जो सच में जागरूक है, वही दूसरों को भी जागरूक करता है। : ''A sleeping dog won’t bark; only the awake can awaken others.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "डाल झुके तो फल लागय।" : विनम्रता से ही सफलता मिलती है। : ''The branch that bends bears fruit.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "तूरा संग रहला से गंध लागय।" : संगत का प्रभाव जरूर पड़ता है। : ''Stay near incense, and you'll smell sweet.'' : — Kurukh saying * "बिना कस के तीर न चलय।" : बिना तैयारी के कोई काम सफल नहीं होता। : ''An arrow cannot fly without being drawn tight.'' : — Kurukh folk proverb * "नदी अपन राह खोजे, पत्थर के काट के।" : जो ठान लेता है, वह रास्ता बना ही लेता है। : ''A river finds its path, even through stone.'' : — Kurukh traditional saying * "नावा बनाय से पहिल उ गड़ाय पड़य।" : कोई भी चीज़ बनाने से पहले उसे ठीक से जमाना होता है। : ''Before building a boat, it must be properly shaped.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "धुर्रा में खेले तो कपड़ा मैला होय।" : गलत संगति में पड़ने से खुद को नुकसान होता है। : ''Play in the dust, and your clothes get dirty.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "घट्टी बिना दान कइसे पिसय?" : मेहनत के बिना फल नहीं मिलता। : ''Without the grinding stone, grain won't turn to flour.'' : — Traditional Kurukh wisdom * "जिनगी एके दउड़ न हय।" : जीवन सिर्फ एक ही दिशा में नहीं चलता। : ''Life is not a one-way race.'' : — Kurukh saying * "चाँद तो दूर, अंजुरी में पानी सम्हार।" : बहुत दूर * "धन हराय से कम होय, मान हराय से सब हराय।" : पैसा चला जाए तो कुछ नहीं, लेकिन इज़्ज़त चली जाए तो सब चला जाता है। : ''Lose money and lose a little; lose honor and lose everything.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "बगुला उड़े चुपचाप, मगर मछली पकड़य पक्का।" : चुपचाप काम करने वाला ही असली सफलता पाता है। : ''The heron flies silently, but catches fish surely.'' : — Kurukh wisdom * "एके मुँह से गुड़ और मिर्च न बोलाय।" : एक इंसान एक साथ मीठा और तीखा नहीं हो सकता। : ''A mouth cannot speak sugar and spice at the same time.'' : — Kurukh folk saying * "अंगुरी एक न बजे, सब मिलके बाजा बजे।" : अकेला आदमी कुछ नहीं कर सकता, साथ में ताकत है। : ''One finger can’t clap, but all together make music.'' : — Traditional Kurukh saying * "रात अंधार होय तो तारो चमकय।" : मुश्किल समय में ही अच्छाई की पहचान होती है। : ''Stars shine only when the night is dark.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "पानी के संग बहय, लेकिन पत्ता अपन दिशा रखय।" : परिस्थितियाँ चाहे जैसी हों, समझदार व्यक्ति अपनी सोच नहीं छोड़ता। : ''The leaf flows with the water, but keeps its direction.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "लोहा गरम होय तो हथौड़ा मारय।" : समय आने पर ही काम करना चाहिए। : ''Strike the iron when it's hot.'' : — Kurukh folk wisdom * "बोली मीठा होय, तो काँटा भी फूल लागय।" : अच्छा व्यवहार सबको अच्छा लगने लगता है। : ''With sweet speech, even thorns feel like flowers.'' : — Traditional Kurukh saying * "मूस के बिल में साँप न घुसय।" : हर किसी की सीमा होती है — उसका अतिक्रमण नहीं किया जा सकता। : ''A snake cannot enter the rat’s hole.'' : — Kurukh proverb * "जिनगी में हँसी होय, त संगी आपे चल आय।" : जहाँ खुशी होती है, वहाँ लोग अपने आप जुड़ते हैं। : ''If there's joy in life, companions will follow naturally.'' : — Kurukh saying [[Category:Wq/kru]] gdt851f3gpy5lvb20uellx2av8gbzq3 10 3613686 6706877 2025-07-10T16:18:08Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{wq/syl/Soft redirect| Template:Wq/syl/Template link with alternate text}}" 6706877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wq/syl/Soft redirect| Template:Wq/syl/Template link with alternate text}} lfh3jbsdu4fbbyg646k21fjm7x4vcon 6706878 6706877 2025-07-10T16:19:05Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6706878 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{wq/syl/Soft redirect| Template:Wq/syl/Template link general}}</noinclude> kenehr7x2to205jzmcizov9r9q3imul 10 3613687 6706879 2025-07-10T16:19:31Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:wq/syl/Template link general|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6706879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:wq/syl/Template link general|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qlky693i5o6wl7q4z9upoj57fd4d586 6706880 6706879 2025-07-10T16:19:44Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6706880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:wq/syl/Template link general|main}}<noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> qvt1hxjp4frvgi5ardu578xkqdpcwtu 6707394 6706880 2025-07-11T09:49:18Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠣꠔ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠟꠉ ꠟꠣꠉꠣꠁꠀꠞ [[d:Q12268762]] 6707394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:wq/syl/Template link general|main}}<noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} {{INTERWIKI|Q12268762}} </noinclude> 0vobte5gm1srf38sixhv5sxkhcklsi2 0 3613688 6706881 2025-07-10T16:22:11Z Steinbach 8 Created page with "=={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Geleênd uut {{Wt/zea/gml}} ''[[Wt/zea/jagen|jagen]]'', van Oergermaons ''*jakkoną''. Ziet vadder bie ''[[Wt/zea/jaege#Etymologie|jaege]]''. In de plekke gekomme van {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/veiða|veiða]]'', in ouwer Zweeds nog as ''[[Wt/zea/veda#Zweeds|veda]]'' bekend. ===Omschrievienge=== '''jaga''' * [[Wt/zea/jaege|jaege]] ''(aolle beteikenissen)'' ===Uutspraek=== [²jɑːga] ===Vervoegienge=== {{Wt/zea/ww-sv}} Category:Wt/..." 6706881 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Geleênd uut {{Wt/zea/gml}} ''[[Wt/zea/jagen|jagen]]'', van Oergermaons ''*jakkoną''. Ziet vadder bie ''[[Wt/zea/jaege#Etymologie|jaege]]''. In de plekke gekomme van {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/veiða|veiða]]'', in ouwer Zweeds nog as ''[[Wt/zea/veda#Zweeds|veda]]'' bekend. ===Omschrievienge=== '''jaga''' * [[Wt/zea/jaege|jaege]] ''(aolle beteikenissen)'' ===Uutspraek=== [²jɑːga] ===Vervoegienge=== {{Wt/zea/ww-sv}} [[Category:Wt/zea]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zweedse werkwoôrden]] mimuja6cgtqrgds8iw3hsrl83astf24 0 3613689 6706885 2025-07-10T16:27:01Z Steinbach 8 Created page with "=={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Over {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/slá|slá]]'' van Oergermaons ''*slahaną''. Ziet vadder bie ''[[Wt/zea/slae#Etymologie|slae]]''. ===Omschrievienge=== '''slå''' # [[Wt/zea/slae|slae]] ''(in vee beteikenissen, ok bev. van 'n klokke of in 'n bordspel)'' # [[Wt/zea/raeke|raeke]] # [[Wt/zea/inslae|inslae]] ''(ok in de zin van ‘'n hit ôre’) # [[Wt/zea/verslae|verslae]] ===Uutspraek=== [sloː ~ sloə̯] ===Vervoegienge=== {{Wt/zea/ww-..." 6706885 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Over {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/slá|slá]]'' van Oergermaons ''*slahaną''. Ziet vadder bie ''[[Wt/zea/slae#Etymologie|slae]]''. ===Omschrievienge=== '''slå''' # [[Wt/zea/slae|slae]] ''(in vee beteikenissen, ok bev. van 'n klokke of in 'n bordspel)'' # [[Wt/zea/raeke|raeke]] # [[Wt/zea/inslae|inslae]] ''(ok in de zin van ‘'n hit ôre’) # [[Wt/zea/verslae|verslae]] ===Uutspraek=== [sloː ~ sloə̯] ===Vervoegienge=== {{Wt/zea/ww-sv|slår|slog|slagit}} Ziet ok 't mediopassief: '''[[Wt/zea/slåss#Zweeds|slåss]]''' {{DEFAULTSORT:sla}} [[Category:Wt/zea]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zweedse werkwoôrden]] 95tj1t5klfges0s9kxpjaw805pxrwug 0 3613690 6706890 2025-07-10T16:37:08Z Steinbach 8 Created page with "=={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Over {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/skera|skera]]'' van Oergermaons ''*skeraną''. Ziet vadder bie ''[[Wt/zea/schêre#Etymologie|schêre]]''. ===Omschrievienge=== '''skära''' # [[Wt/zea/snieë|snieë]] (ok figuurlijk) # [[Wt/zea/knippe|knippe]] ===Uutspraek=== * [²ɧæːra] ''(standaerd, Centraol-Zweeds)'' * [²xʷæːʀa] ''(Zuud-Zweeds)'' * [²ʃæːra] ''(Noôrd-Zweeds)'' * [ˈʃæːra] ''(Fins-Zweeds)'' Opmerkienge: de variaotie van..." 6706890 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/zea/sv}}== ===Etymologie=== Over {{Wt/zea/non}} ''[[Wt/zea/skera|skera]]'' van Oergermaons ''*skeraną''. Ziet vadder bie ''[[Wt/zea/schêre#Etymologie|schêre]]''. ===Omschrievienge=== '''skära''' # [[Wt/zea/snieë|snieë]] (ok figuurlijk) # [[Wt/zea/knippe|knippe]] ===Uutspraek=== * [²ɧæːra] ''(standaerd, Centraol-Zweeds)'' * [²xʷæːʀa] ''(Zuud-Zweeds)'' * [²ʃæːra] ''(Noôrd-Zweeds)'' * [ˈʃæːra] ''(Fins-Zweeds)'' Opmerkienge: de variaotie van d' /r/ is, zeker binnen Zweden, vee grôter as wat-an men 'ier angeve kunne. Ok bie de /ɧ/ is de situatie ingewikkelder. ===Vervoegienge=== {{Wt/zea/ww-sv|skär|skar|skurit}} {{DEFAULTSORT:skara}} [[Category:Wt/zea]] [[Category:Wt/zea/Zweedse werkwoôrden]] pcr5obhet7y5qtc1r9h8upnoq7qxko0 3 3613691 6706977 2025-07-10T17:31:06Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6706977 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 17:31, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 6ir5rcuhqz3uiw31dh3ns1gu6tf8j80 0 3613692 6706980 2025-07-10T17:33:08Z Kambai Akau 2560116 Kambai Akau moved page [[Wp/bom/Lɔh]] to [[Wp/bom/Lɔ]] 6706980 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/bom/Lɔ]] ffhnsjx2b6bwkatpkh676wl1vsys4p7 14 3613693 6706982 2025-07-10T17:33:25Z Mah3110 1701428 Created blank page 6706982 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 3613694 6707006 2025-07-10T17:52:42Z Mah3110 1701428 Created blank page 6707006 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 3613695 6707011 2025-07-10T18:01:25Z Mah3110 1701428 Created blank page 6707011 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3 3613696 6707022 2025-07-10T18:16:37Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707022 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 18:16, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 4poinv58nqcb092ababgvx92q4jy3lm 3 3613697 6707024 2025-07-10T18:22:05Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707024 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 18:22, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 8d3bcc20fqk6jr1j40txs7pncccmt2q 0 3613698 6707036 2025-07-10T18:51:26Z Hector the Writer 2606766 Created page with "{{Wp/aig/Spellin}} {{Wp/aig/Dialek}} {{Wp/aig/Langwij|niem=Aarabik|pikcha=Arabic speaking world.svg|naitivrainj=Aarabiya|speekadem=411 milyan|faamli=Aafroaezhatik|dialekdem=10|raitinsist'm=Aarabik|639-1=ar|639-2=ara|639-3=ara}} '''Aarabik''' a wan Sentral Semitik langwij fram di Aafroaezhatik langwij fambli wa dem taak mostly ina di Aarab kawnchri dem. Di Internashnal Orginayzayshan fu Standadizeyshan (ISO) gi langwij kod dem fu 32 kaaind a Aarabik, plus di stanad foom w..." 6707036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/aig/Spellin}} {{Wp/aig/Dialek}} {{Wp/aig/Langwij|niem=Aarabik|pikcha=Arabic speaking world.svg|naitivrainj=Aarabiya|speekadem=411 milyan|faamli=Aafroaezhatik|dialekdem=10|raitinsist'm=Aarabik|639-1=ar|639-2=ara|639-3=ara}} '''Aarabik''' a wan Sentral Semitik langwij fram di Aafroaezhatik langwij fambli wa dem taak mostly ina di Aarab kawnchri dem. Di Internashnal Orginayzayshan fu Standadizeyshan (ISO) gi langwij kod dem fu 32 kaaind a Aarabik, plus di stanad foom wa dem kaal Litiri Aarabik, wa dem kaal Modan Stanad Aarabik, wa kom outta Klaasikal Aarabik. Dis split dey mostly pan di Wes-lan lingwistik dem; Aarabik taak-people dem nuh mek no split ‘tween Modan Stanad Aarabik an Klaasikal Aarabik, dem jus kaal di two dem “al-arabiyyatu l-fus-ha” ar jis “al-fus-ha”. Aarabik a di chuu mo spread offishal langwij afta Inglish an Fransh, an a wan a di six offishal langwij fu di Yunaitid Neyshan, an di rilijin langwij fu Islam. Aarabik stap teach up ina skul an yuunivasiti dem roun di worl, an dem yuu um pan wok, gavament, an media. Long taim ago, Aarabik a di main langwij fu kulcha an laanin, espeshali ina sayans, matmatik, an filosofiya. So plenty Yurop langwij tek wud fram Aarabik. Aarabik influence dey, mostly pan vokabyulary, ina Yurop langwij dem (mosli 'paanish, an likkl bit pan Portugiz, Katalaan, an Sishilian) cause dem dey close an cause Aarabik kulcha an langwij stap long, espeshali ina Sautn Iberiya wen Al-Andalus did deh de. Maltiz a wan Semitik langwij wa grow fram wan Aarabik dialek an rait wid Laatin letah. Balkan langwij dem, laik Albanian, Greek, Sabo-Kroeshan, an Bulgarian, ketch nuff Aarabik wud, mosli tru Otoman Tuukish langwij. Aarabik tek up langwij all bout di worl, mostly langwij weh Islam stap an kawnchri dem weh Muslim did roun. Di langwij dem wa ketch Aarabik wud di mos a Pershan, Tuukish, Hindustani (Hindi an Urdu), Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Malay (Indoneshan an Malaysian), Maldivian, Pashto, Panjabi, Albanian, Armenian, Azabaijani, Sishilian, 'paanish, Greek, Bulgarian, Tagalog, Sindhi, Odia, Hebrew, an di Aafrikan langwij dem laik Hausa, Amharik, Tigrinya, Somali, Tamazight, an Swahili. Aarabik tek up likkl wud fram odda langwij, mosli naam, fram Aramaik, Pershan, Greek, an Laatin, an likkl fram Tuukish, Inglish, Fransh, an Italian. Aarabik taak by bout 380 milyan people, natif an noh-natif, ina di Aarab kawnchri dem, mek um di fif mo taak langwij pan di worl an di fouh mo yuu langwij pan di internet by yuuza. Aarabik a di rilijin langwij fu mo dan 2 bilyan Muslim. Ina 2011, Bloomberg Biznizweek put Aarabik di fouh mo yusful langwij fu bizniz, afta Inglish, Mandarin, an Fransh. Aarabik rait wid di Aarabik alfabet, wan abjad wa rait fram rait go lef. Klaasikal Aarabik (an Modan Stanad Aarabik) look laik wan konzavativ langwij ina di Semitik langwij dem, cause i kip di full Proto-Sematik chrii gramatikal keis an deklenshan, an dem yuu um fu bild bak Proto-Sematik cause it kip 28 a di 29 konsinant wa show up. [[Category:Wp/aig]] ht790p4ybx6vffit8eo7vcahlwcgpi6 3 3613699 6707037 2025-07-10T18:55:10Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707037 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 18:55, 10 July 2025 (UTC) bgi4wgks9l3mnhamgj60ou5v0mo8ezj 0 3613700 6707038 2025-07-10T18:56:34Z Hector the Writer 2606766 Created page with "{{Wp/aig/Spellin}} {{Wp/aig/Dialek}} {{Wp/aig/Langwij|niem=Chaineez|pikcha=Map-Sinophone World.png|naitivrainj=Chaina|speekadem=1.39 bilyan|faamli=Saino-Tibetang|dialekdem=10|raitinsist'm=Chaineez|639-1=zh|639-2=zho|639-3=zho}} '''Chaineez''' a wan set a langwij dem weh de Han Chaineez et'nik majawriti an plenti minawriti et'nik grup dem taak naaynchri eena Chainaa, an by nuff komuniti a Chaineez diaspowa dem. Roun wan poynt thirti-naayn bilyan yuuman, wa mek seventeen p..." 6707038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/aig/Spellin}} {{Wp/aig/Dialek}} {{Wp/aig/Langwij|niem=Chaineez|pikcha=Map-Sinophone World.png|naitivrainj=Chaina|speekadem=1.39 bilyan|faamli=Saino-Tibetang|dialekdem=10|raitinsist'm=Chaineez|639-1=zh|639-2=zho|639-3=zho}} '''Chaineez''' a wan set a langwij dem weh de Han Chaineez et'nik majawriti an plenti minawriti et'nik grup dem taak naaynchri eena Chainaa, an by nuff komuniti a Chaineez diaspowa dem. Roun wan poynt thirti-naayn bilyan yuuman, wa mek seventeen persen' a de worl, taak wan kaain a Chaineez langwij fu dem fus langwij. Chaineez langwij dem stap eena de Sinitik brancha a de Saino-Tibetang langwij fambli. De taak-dem a Chaineez mosli kaal dialek bai natif taak-peepl, bot kaws dem naw understand one anedda, dem sumtaim kaal dem sepaarit langwij eena de same fambli. Dem stap chack pan de istori relayshan dem a de langwij dem. Mos klasifikayshan dem put Chaineez langwij dem eena seben go tu tootiin main regionaal grup, base pan fonetik chanj fram Miidl Chaineez. De main wan dem taak di mo a Mandaran wid sixty-six persen’, roun aat hondrid milyan taak-peepl, den Min (seventy-fai milyan laik Sautan Min), Wu (seventy-fou milyan laik Shanhainiz), an Yue (sixty-eight milyan laik Kantoneez). Dem brancha naw understand one anedda, an nuff subgrup naw understand odda subgrup eena same brancha. Sum region stap inna middle, weh langwij-dem mix an peepl kyan understand likkl, laik Nyu Shyang wid Sautwes Mandaran, Shwanzhou Wu wid Loua Yangzi Mandaran, Jin wid Sentral Pleinz Mandaran, an sum Hakka wid Gan. All Chaineez langwij, dem tonal even likkl bit, an dem mosli analitik. De fus chrii wud a Chaineez weh peepl rait dong min de orakl bun inskripsyan fram Shyang dinasti roun 1250 bifoa di komon era. De sownd grup-dem a Oud Chaineez kyan mek bak fram de rhyme a ole poitri. Wen de Nawt an Saut taim, Miidl Chaineez chanj sownd, mash up eena plenti kaain wen region-dem split bai jiografi an politik. De Chieyun, a rhyme dikshineri, mash up sownd-dem fram diffarent region. De Min an Qing dinasti yuu wan koinay langwij kaal Gwanhua, base pan Nanjin dialek a Mandaran. Stanad Chaineez a offishal langwij eena de Peepl Repoblik a Chainaa, Repoblik a Chainaa (Taiwan), wan a de fou offishal langwij a Singapoa, an wan a de six offishal langwij a Yunaitid Neyshan. Stanad Chaineez base pan Beijin dialek a Mandaran, an fus tek up offishal eena de 1930-dem. De langwij rait praimarili yuu logografi a Chaineez charakta, weh taak-peepl weh taak diffarent Chaineez langwij still kyan read, eben if dem naw understand one anedda taak. Fram de 1950-dem, de gavament a de Peepl Repoblik a Chainaa push fu yuu simplifai charakta, an Singapoa tek dem up eena 1976. Oud charakta stap yuu eena Taiwan, Hong Kong, Makau, an mong Chaineez-taak peepl oversii. [[Category:Wp/aig]] 3xc0lvso783imq01l4r8c8movort967 0 3613701 6707040 2025-07-10T19:23:34Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:CIRCLE 1 MR.png|thumb|220px|कौनो वृत्तके केन्द्रसे परिधि तकके दूरीके 'त्रिज्या' या 'अर्धव्यास' कहल जाहे]] '''त्रिज्या''' या '''अर्धव्यास''' कौनो [[Wp/mag/वृत्त|वृत्त]]के केन्द्रसे ओकर [[Wp/mag/परिधि|परिधि]] तकके दूरी..." 6707040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CIRCLE 1 MR.png|thumb|220px|कौनो वृत्तके केन्द्रसे परिधि तकके दूरीके 'त्रिज्या' या 'अर्धव्यास' कहल जाहे]] '''त्रिज्या''' या '''अर्धव्यास''' कौनो [[Wp/mag/वृत्त|वृत्त]]के केन्द्रसे ओकर [[Wp/mag/परिधि|परिधि]] तकके दूरीके कहल जाहे ।<ref>Toussaint, Godfried T. (1983). "Solving geometric problems with the rotating calipers". Proc. MELECON '83, Athens.</ref> == अन्य भाषामे == [[Wp/mag/अङ्ग्रेजीभाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]]मे 'त्रिज्या' के 'रेडियस' (radius), 'व्यास' के 'डायमीटर' (diameter), 'वृत्त' के 'सरकल' (circle) आउ 'परिधि' के 'सर्कमफ्रेन्स' (circumference) कहल जाहे । == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/व्यास (ज्यामिति)|व्यास (ज्यामिति)]] * [[Wp/mag/वृत्त|वृत्त]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/ज्यामिति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक ज्यामिति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वृत्त]] jwi92cmt6g7c25xoat8hd8o85q91jza 6707041 6707040 2025-07-10T19:23:48Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q173817]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707041 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CIRCLE 1 MR.png|thumb|220px|कौनो वृत्तके केन्द्रसे परिधि तकके दूरीके 'त्रिज्या' या 'अर्धव्यास' कहल जाहे]] '''त्रिज्या''' या '''अर्धव्यास''' कौनो [[Wp/mag/वृत्त|वृत्त]]के केन्द्रसे ओकर [[Wp/mag/परिधि|परिधि]] तकके दूरीके कहल जाहे ।<ref>Toussaint, Godfried T. (1983). "Solving geometric problems with the rotating calipers". Proc. MELECON '83, Athens.</ref> == अन्य भाषामे == [[Wp/mag/अङ्ग्रेजीभाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]]मे 'त्रिज्या' के 'रेडियस' (radius), 'व्यास' के 'डायमीटर' (diameter), 'वृत्त' के 'सरकल' (circle) आउ 'परिधि' के 'सर्कमफ्रेन्स' (circumference) कहल जाहे । == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/व्यास (ज्यामिति)|व्यास (ज्यामिति)]] * [[Wp/mag/वृत्त|वृत्त]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/ज्यामिति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक ज्यामिति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वृत्त]] {{INTERWIKI|Q173817}} l39le83r39v7cbq0ga0j68519730bmm 0 3613702 6707042 2025-07-10T19:25:02Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/त्रिज्या]] 6707042 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/त्रिज्या]] m9j6w7zkuzklwij1zzuwbt30a5of485 0 3613703 6707045 2025-07-10T19:27:40Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे एक या एकसे अधिक सङ्ख्या या अङ्कके मिलावल जाहे त ओकरा '''जोड़''' या '''योग''' कहल जाहे । जोड़के + चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । ई चिह्नके धन चिह्न कहल जाहे । जोड़..." 6707045 wikitext text/x-wiki जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे एक या एकसे अधिक सङ्ख्या या अङ्कके मिलावल जाहे त ओकरा '''जोड़''' या '''योग''' कहल जाहे । जोड़के + चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । ई चिह्नके धन चिह्न कहल जाहे । जोड़ दु प्रकारसे होवहे, धनात्मक आउ ऋणात्मक । उदाहरणः 14 + 6 = 20 (-4)+(-5) = -9 [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय तर्क]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अङ्कन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जोड़ (गणित)|*]] k71o8cc5lgjiuvrheqqpu6x2mq6bkk4 6707047 6707045 2025-07-10T19:27:59Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q32043]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707047 wikitext text/x-wiki जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे एक या एकसे अधिक सङ्ख्या या अङ्कके मिलावल जाहे त ओकरा '''जोड़''' या '''योग''' कहल जाहे । जोड़के + चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । ई चिह्नके धन चिह्न कहल जाहे । जोड़ दु प्रकारसे होवहे, धनात्मक आउ ऋणात्मक । उदाहरणः 14 + 6 = 20 (-4)+(-5) = -9 [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय तर्क]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अङ्कन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जोड़ (गणित)|*]] {{INTERWIKI|Q32043}} aoh49vejx8jzyfpev8s3fchcibad1bi 6707116 6707047 2025-07-10T19:48:57Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707116 wikitext text/x-wiki जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे एक या एकसे अधिक सङ्ख्या या अङ्कके मिलावल जाहे त ओकरा '''जोड़''' या '''योग''' कहल जाहे । जोड़के + चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । ई चिह्नके धन चिह्न कहल जाहे । जोड़ दु प्रकारसे होवहे, धनात्मक आउ ऋणात्मक । उदाहरणः 14 + 6 = 20 (-4)+(-5) = -9 {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय तर्क]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अङ्कन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/जोड़ (गणित)|*]] {{INTERWIKI|Q32043}} 7tq3ejoxzbed8cnywgb3bfhu2ebswds 0 3613704 6707046 2025-07-10T19:27:54Z Orac Chan 2595438 Created page with "Kutak Iban iete kutak je inuturkan awi Uluh Iban melai pulau Kalimantan hung Indonesia tuntang Malaysia. [[Category:Wp/nij]]" 6707046 wikitext text/x-wiki Kutak Iban iete kutak je inuturkan awi Uluh Iban melai pulau Kalimantan hung Indonesia tuntang Malaysia. [[Category:Wp/nij]] 795dnyuriccxm0x97px9kd0p95annte 6707049 6707046 2025-07-10T19:28:54Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707049 wikitext text/x-wiki Kutak Iban iete kutak je inuturkan awi Uluh Iban melai pulau Kalimantan hung Indonesia tuntang Malaysia. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. [[Category:Wp/nij]] esz0za909t2uhs2qhg4qpu99vvj90f6 6707051 6707049 2025-07-10T19:29:35Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707051 wikitext text/x-wiki Kutak Iban iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. [[Category:Wp/nij]] dx0v5gcl3x250fw1j7fr3v5l869t9qs 6707056 6707051 2025-07-10T19:30:40Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. [[Category:Wp/nij]] 5vgy6grfqddo3mlf7ufj6w4vyinwjkf 6707058 6707056 2025-07-10T19:31:17Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == [[Category:Wp/nij]] 4ks420e5anzekz6lh6nnzkgsvfvs36c 6707063 6707058 2025-07-10T19:32:40Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Rumpun kutak */ 6707063 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang rumpun kutak Austronesia, ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau kutak Remun tuntang kutak Mualang. [[Category:Wp/nij]] n80pfuvs5iwq1xp6ur40suw3n62nukz 6707064 6707063 2025-07-10T19:33:07Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Rumpun kutak */ 6707064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. [[Category:Wp/nij]] 9zbstzr6dzwlztw1csz5uqnc7z4ebk6 6707065 6707064 2025-07-10T19:33:24Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Rumpun kutak */ 6707065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == [[Category:Wp/nij]] co2nk9bin25focbf0ru9wy44aubbsjf 6707067 6707065 2025-07-10T19:33:56Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Sistem Panyurat */ 6707067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang Surat Latin tuntang Surat Dunging. [[Category:Wp/nij]] t3f2dspiuwei66mrz4g2zzd0ul14igv 6707069 6707067 2025-07-10T19:34:13Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Sistem Panyurat */ 6707069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. [[Category:Wp/nij]] 6mfq4f5dicybxawskj2dcrtzpk4jccf 6707079 6707069 2025-07-10T19:36:29Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Sistem Panyurat */ 6707079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. == Contoh teks == [[Category:Wp/nij]] mzuw5y3z839lf73w2k66v692tcgkp41 6707082 6707079 2025-07-10T19:37:35Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Contoh teks */ 6707082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal UDHR 1 je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang kutak Ngaju. [[Category:Wp/nij]] 8x63lxxvt7unyqq54a5bfzczv7bahll 6707084 6707082 2025-07-10T19:38:02Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Contoh teks */ 6707084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. [[Category:Wp/nij]] kxfqoopr08zjgufrvjx0e31tpxy5ior 6707091 6707084 2025-07-10T19:40:07Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Contoh teks */ 6707091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' [[Category:Wp/nij]] rdizo95d8xvhoe4jef06gh5pgod8nv9 6707094 6707091 2025-07-10T19:40:46Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Contoh teks */ 6707094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. [[Category:Wp/nij]] 4jw2s3585ckgkigwpbso2x191ug6lnw 6707098 6707094 2025-07-10T19:41:17Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Contoh teks */ 6707098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 54xza15vk28wtuz99k7cnuqoqoy7nbg 6707114 6707098 2025-07-10T19:47:51Z Orac Chan 2595438 /* Sistem Panyurat */ 6707114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 90tfjm6qrhixrztgq9w5iplm7jrg4az 6707115 6707114 2025-07-10T19:48:49Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707115 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 7byt9bg60y8kvde1nm6gsrl1cwz16o8 6707120 6707115 2025-07-10T19:50:32Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707120 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] mv0sk4971vcfvfnqqqjet5grvkn98yf 6707140 6707120 2025-07-10T20:12:11Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707140 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] o3alvpohss802rawqpprmqkc2il2wl0 6707143 6707140 2025-07-10T20:13:32Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707143 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Sarawak|Sarawak]]<br>[[File:Flag of West Kalimantan.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.450.000 (2019) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] din0g3a4ef52i43o8st02bwqgqdvghr 6707148 6707143 2025-07-10T20:15:28Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707148 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Sarawak|Sarawak]]<br>[[File:Flag of West Kalimantan.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.450.000 (2019) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayik|Malayik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Ibanik|Ibanik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 29izty9f8qv7d0rutlp5hin7cp0hlvu 6707151 6707148 2025-07-10T20:17:23Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707151 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Sarawak|Sarawak]]<br>[[File:Flag of West Kalimantan.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.450.000 (2019) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayik|Malayik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Ibanik|Ibanik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | <code>-</code> |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Iso639-2:nij|<code>nij</code>]] |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | [[iso639-3:iba|<code>nij</code>]] |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] pniapsvemedeqalnclc024k7zsvfgnx 6707152 6707151 2025-07-10T20:18:02Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707152 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Sarawak|Sarawak]]<br>[[File:Flag of West Kalimantan.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.450.000 (2019) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayik|Malayik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Ibanik|Ibanik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | <code>-</code> |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Iso639-2:iba|<code>iba</code>]] |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | [[iso639-3:iba|<code>iba</code>]] |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | [https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/iban1264 <code>iban1264</code>] |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | <code>iba</code> |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] quoay5y1e0u12tbsdqp9gacom60fixt 6707153 6707152 2025-07-10T20:18:58Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707153 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Sarawak|Sarawak]]<br>[[File:Flag of West Kalimantan.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.450.000 (2019) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayik|Malayik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Ibanik|Ibanik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | <code>-</code> |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Iso639-2:iba|<code>iba</code>]] |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | [[iso639-3:iba|<code>iba</code>]] |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | [https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/iban1264 <code>iban1264</code>] |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | <code>iba</code> |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]]Kutak Iban ingklasifikan sabagai kutak '''aman''' atawa '''dia tarancam (NE)''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] fipjmnxiau9ln8cfb0t07xym7lhj942 6707155 6707153 2025-07-10T20:19:58Z Orac Chan 2595438 6707155 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kutak Iban''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: pink" | Jaku Iban |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | |- ! Pangucapan | colspan=2 | /d͡ʒa‧kuʔ i‧ban/ |- ! Inuturkan hong | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Brunei|Brunei]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]] |- ! Eka | colspan=2 | [[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Sarawak|Sarawak]]<br>[[File:Flag of West Kalimantan.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Barat]] |- ! Panutur | colspan=2 | 2.450.000 (2019) |- ! [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak|Rumpun kutak]] | colspan=2 style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;" | [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Austronesia|Austronesia]] <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> [[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayu-Polinesia|Malayu-Polinesia]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Malayik|Malayik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Rumpun Kutak Ibanik|Ibanik]]<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> |- ! Sistem panyurat | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<br>[[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]] |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Kode kutak''' |- ! ISO 639-1 | colspan=2 | <code>-</code> |- ! ISO 639-2 | colspan=2 | [[Wp/nij/Iso639-2:iba|<code>iba</code>]] |- ! ISO 639-3 | colspan=2 | [[iso639-3:iba|<code>iba</code>]] |- ! Glottolog | colspan=2 | [https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/iban1264 <code>iban1264</code>] |- ! IETF | colspan=2 | <code>iba</code> |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Status pamartahan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Lang_Status_99-NE.svg|center|thumb|250x250px]]Kutak Iban ingklasifikan sabagai kutak '''aman''' atawa '''dia tarancam (NE)''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: pink" | '''Lokasi panuturan''' |- ! colspan=3 style="text-align: center; color: black" | [[File:Languages of Kalimantan.svg|center|thumb|300x300px|Kutak Iban inunjukkan awi nomor 22]] |} '''Kutak Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') inyewut kea '''Kutak Dayak Iban''' iete [[Wp/nij/Kutak|kutak]] je inuturkan awi [[Wp/nij/Uluh Iban|Uluh Iban]] melai [[Wp/nij/Kalimantan|pulau Kalimantan]] hung [[Wp/nij/Indonesia|Indonesia]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Malaysia|Malaysia]]. Panutur kutak Iban hong sensus nyelo 2019 tege 2.450.000 panutur. == Rumpun kutak == Kutak jituh tantame huang rumpun kutak Ibanik, iete subkalompok huang [[Wp/nij/Rumpun kutak Austronesia|rumpun kutak Austronesia]], ukur tege kamiripan dengan kakare kutak kilau [[Wp/nij/Kutak Remun|kutak Remun]] tuntang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Mualang|kutak Mualang]]. == Sistem Panyurat == Kutak jituh patuh ah inyurat huang [[Wp/nij/Surat Latin|Surat Latin]]<ref name="Ethnic_language">{{Wp/nij/Cite journal |last1=Metom |first1=Lilly |last2=Ting |first2=Su-Hie |last3=Ling |first3=Hsin-Nie |title=The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Ethnic Language Losing Ground to English and Sarawak Malay |journal=Human Behaviour, Development and Society |date=2021 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=54–64 |url=https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/250198 |access-date=19 December 2023 |issn=2651-1762}}</ref> tuntang [[Wp/nij/Surat Dunging|Surat Dunging]]<ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite web |title=Reviving the Iban alphabet |url=https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |publisher=UiTM News Hub |access-date=19 December 2023 |date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094108/https://news.uitm.edu.my/reviving-the-iban-alphabet/ |archive-date=2019-10-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/nij/Cite news |last1=Edward |first1=Churchill |title='Pioneer Iban alphabet students will promote system' |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602151513/https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/19/%E2%80%98pioneer-iban-alphabet-students-will-promote-system%E2%80%99/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>. == Contoh teks == Melai penda jituh iete pasal ''UDHR 1'' je inulis huang kutak Iban, baserta versi tarjamahan ah huang [[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|kutak Ngaju]]. *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Iban|Kutak Iban]]''' **''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.'' *'''[[Wp/nij/Kutak Ngaju|Kutak Ngaju]]''' ** Uras uluh inakan merdeka tuntang tempun martabat tuntang hak-hak je sama. Ewen ingaruniai akal tuntang atei nurani tuntang handak ah bagaul ije dengan je beken huang samangat parsaudaraan. == Tampunan Bara == {{Wp/nij/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/nij]] 3xo7o4zkcv0eod2ytlu2794p17ej96a 0 3613705 6707048 2025-07-10T19:28:43Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/जोड़]] 6707048 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/जोड़]] k1wd5kb43e5dzgw6hl9xpmb8yw6ez01 0 3613706 6707050 2025-07-10T19:28:56Z 5.51.122.195 Created page with "Halaman ini tidak tersedia dalam pencarian Anda. Harap lampirkan bahwa tidak tersedia halaman Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia yang terancam punah yang dapat dipercaya. [[Category:Wp/lar]]" 6707050 wikitext text/x-wiki Halaman ini tidak tersedia dalam pencarian Anda. Harap lampirkan bahwa tidak tersedia halaman Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia yang terancam punah yang dapat dipercaya. [[Category:Wp/lar]] d0cc1cp7cg81ho52cc4f3xfytom9nkl 6707055 6707050 2025-07-10T19:30:39Z 5.51.122.195 6707055 wikitext text/x-wiki Unreliable The full page is available for May 26, 2026! Please can you exit the site please attached in 2025? [[Category:Wp/lar]] 787pw1yu5vk5btlhde19wcnbfkz2brg 6707060 6707055 2025-07-10T19:32:17Z 5.51.122.195 6707060 wikitext text/x-wiki Unreliable The full page is available for May 26, 2026! Please can you exit the site please attached in 2025? Only 0 items left by July 10, 2025! ''''Main article''': 0 0 0 [[Category:Wp/lar]] qxn504haurkkqtvc29wxvdsooytreru 14 3613707 6707052 2025-07-10T19:29:50Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तर्कशास्त्र]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके दर्शन]]" 6707052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तर्कशास्त्र]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके दर्शन]] 0bclpwot3xj8djxw2swiu8ivonj4fay 6707053 6707052 2025-07-10T19:30:02Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7020589]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तर्कशास्त्र]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके दर्शन]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7020589}} ml7xrcx5h36wyautien9bbg0435p0st 14 3613708 6707054 2025-07-10T19:30:36Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अमूर्त बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/२ (सङ्ख्या)]]" 6707054 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अमूर्त बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/२ (सङ्ख्या)]] 8tzqw94qieizsb2ki2kndj3rwnzgteq 6707057 6707054 2025-07-10T19:30:46Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7012223]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अमूर्त बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/२ (सङ्ख्या)]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7012223}} tq9muqv3qtvk4qziwki1kgx1fpqajn3 14 3613709 6707059 2025-07-10T19:31:19Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्णाङ्क]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अभाज्य सङ्ख्या]]" 6707059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्णाङ्क]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अभाज्य सङ्ख्या]] rled0kvdhwej9ggtm66izehqejq6vjx 6707061 6707059 2025-07-10T19:32:17Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q8207878]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्णाङ्क]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अभाज्य सङ्ख्या]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8207878}} bxipmvw5o6g2r8gbqubet0pi45q5bql 6707062 6707061 2025-07-10T19:32:40Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अभाज्य सङ्ख्या]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8207878}} cjsl1ziljwi84sr6z5vltaywh9vm4sx 14 3613710 6707068 2025-07-10T19:34:04Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/क्रमचय-सञ्चय]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अनुक्रम आउ श्रेणी]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित फलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मनोविनोदक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|अनुक्रम]]" 6707068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/क्रमचय-सञ्चय]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अनुक्रम आउ श्रेणी]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित फलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मनोविनोदक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|अनुक्रम]] et2wcompqw2dcs9po5o0iq34h2tyotm 6707071 6707068 2025-07-10T19:34:23Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 ऐक्टिवेटेड् moved page [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्णाङ्क अनुक्रम]] to [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या अनुक्रम]] 6707068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/क्रमचय-सञ्चय]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अनुक्रम आउ श्रेणी]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित फलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/मनोविनोदक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|अनुक्रम]] et2wcompqw2dcs9po5o0iq34h2tyotm 14 3613711 6707070 2025-07-10T19:34:17Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या अनुक्रम]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]]" 6707070 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या अनुक्रम]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] t00y4vsguzghiaaap2arunzykinvfqd 6707073 6707070 2025-07-10T19:34:49Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7028426]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या अनुक्रम]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7028426}} cjottslj7857v9ehmul5bspliut9tg5 14 3613712 6707072 2025-07-10T19:34:23Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 ऐक्टिवेटेड् moved page [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्णाङ्क अनुक्रम]] to [[Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या अनुक्रम]] 6707072 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या अनुक्रम]] i3bi988dzdr2xm8ivwb5oknfiy6w57n 14 3613713 6707074 2025-07-10T19:35:17Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विविक्त गणित]]" 6707074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विविक्त गणित]] 0ytm3eerq4criry94hr2t1umisd5rog 6707075 6707074 2025-07-10T19:35:35Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7020692]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विविक्त गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7020692}} kulyn5zn4cgct3qew73i8zxocmaw9yn 14 3613714 6707076 2025-07-10T19:36:05Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]]" 6707076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] dt3whqhp1ayr8vw1bfjdmp6xr5caq7k 6707077 6707076 2025-07-10T19:36:16Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q8380263]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707077 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8380263}} 2bf4fhiofui83zjz8fl4itiejim5zzh 14 3613715 6707080 2025-07-10T19:36:46Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय संरचना]]" 6707080 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय संरचना]] sy0c3o8qnzkb3ggrvr6vctp188vul6e 6707081 6707080 2025-07-10T19:36:55Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q8730188]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707081 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय संरचना]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8730188}} gbpfebsi2kxl6ajkji3x74daqniwif1 14 3613716 6707083 2025-07-10T19:37:38Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय वस्तु|संरचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संरचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अवधारणा|संरचना]]" 6707083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय वस्तु|संरचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संरचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अवधारणा|संरचना]] iz8kilgbn3ev2u0d583ne72fb70rxbi 6707086 6707083 2025-07-10T19:38:40Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7215294]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय वस्तु|संरचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संरचना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अवधारणा|संरचना]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7215294}} tdg2h2z2swyrk68lv3jmcu4lk1kvxfs 14 3613717 6707087 2025-07-10T19:38:54Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलनके प्रकार]]" 6707087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलनके प्रकार]] tn757egs7lnqs9d6wqabudxryi3geep 6707088 6707087 2025-07-10T19:39:10Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7009853]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या सिद्धान्त]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलनके प्रकार]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7009853}} 8chbyl5mjw0lnl0otv6aql2vwkoxirm 14 3613718 6707089 2025-07-10T19:39:44Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण]]" 6707089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण]] 0otf5ddnbigqrnc0cebz5g8s0us0yrf 6707090 6707089 2025-07-10T19:39:53Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q6863978]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6863978}} mcqcmec8co10aay68do5kcpyh01mxg1 14 3613719 6707095 2025-07-10T19:40:52Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय वस्तु]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]]" 6707095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय वस्तु]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] qgcxqk3d7zfrzcts09rns6a485djwni 6707096 6707095 2025-07-10T19:41:01Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7139377]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय वस्तु]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7139377}} qih9nykg7mhmgyzsusre2wyslgebzd3 14 3613720 6707100 2025-07-10T19:41:58Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितेके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित आउ संस्कृति]]" 6707100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितेके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित आउ संस्कृति]] aunb6qadt4sjy8daodh0hcsicf8grqh 6707101 6707100 2025-07-10T19:42:21Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7216455]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितेके शाखा]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित आउ संस्कृति]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7216455}} com2s16soih3shwpihzcr5g1wmhnm7a 14 3613721 6707102 2025-07-10T19:42:53Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित|संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विज्ञान आउ संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार संस्कृति]]" 6707102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित|संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विज्ञान आउ संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार संस्कृति]] p0d3hurdcx4qeh8z987wn2zpbmchro4 6707103 6707102 2025-07-10T19:43:01Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q8612045]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित|संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विज्ञान आउ संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार संस्कृति]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8612045}} gcmbqfd2aje3gkqnv0je9m143n603jm 14 3613722 6707104 2025-07-10T19:43:41Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/समाजमे विज्ञान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार संस्कृति]]" 6707104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/समाजमे विज्ञान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार संस्कृति]] 137grylm3pqhhl2oncjm6e8t2z7ss2s 6707107 6707104 2025-07-10T19:44:19Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7066677]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/समाजमे विज्ञान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृति]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार संस्कृति]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7066677}} c88hlt4e07dm4xpw1dr4qr4c2vuqlm9 3 3613723 6707105 2025-07-10T19:44:08Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707105 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 19:44, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 65yxd5vpdx36kc89aw5n1j4lnm9576a 14 3613724 6707106 2025-07-10T19:44:09Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:संस्कृति|*]] [[Category:विषयानुसार श्रेणी|संस्कृति]]" 6707106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:संस्कृति|*]] [[Category:विषयानुसार श्रेणी|संस्कृति]] 925beb30l8ggbim7zpqds10j2u96chu 6707111 6707106 2025-07-10T19:46:36Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707111 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृति|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार श्रेणी|संस्कृति]] 5thkbdscuqdywyihjylw9umtlii0mal 6707112 6707111 2025-07-10T19:46:46Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q10175224]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/संस्कृति|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विषयानुसार श्रेणी|संस्कृति]] {{INTERWIKI|Q10175224}} ra5tqbtvcecnk2hrpsvrbo1afst5spk 14 3613725 6707108 2025-07-10T19:45:21Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विद्यार्जन विषयके शाखा]]" 6707108 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विद्यार्जन विषयके शाखा]] 2tg26zqvov3x5lrqz16tcci6pycja49 6707109 6707108 2025-07-10T19:46:01Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7158060]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707109 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विद्यार्जन विषयके शाखा]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7158060}} ietl20e7btd46o3ljbmj34cffrmoimw 14 3613726 6707110 2025-07-10T19:46:22Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]]" 6707110 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] 9gi00efvdeknqcadpnajuavjbjrrm1l 6707113 6707110 2025-07-10T19:47:29Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q15707568]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] {{INTERWIKI|Q15707568}} o6ooa3cwwnps4s9t3eoi7wlk1vamrfn 14 3613727 6707117 2025-07-10T19:49:18Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित|अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]]" 6707117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित|अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] 5v30o8pj9g9xc6b58r86lkzoud60jis 6707118 6707117 2025-07-10T19:49:27Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q8411702]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित|अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8411702}} a5kyfi0by434bfbwcf203qtidi23sb0 0 3613728 6707119 2025-07-10T19:49:47Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "जोड़ने की प्रक्रिया के विरुद्ध प्रक्रिया को '''घटाना''' ([[:en:Subtraction]]) कहा जाता है। जब किसी संख्या अथवा अंक से किसी दूसरी संख्या या अंक को कम किया जाता है तो उसे घटाना कहा जाता है। घटाने को - चि..." 6707119 wikitext text/x-wiki जोड़ने की प्रक्रिया के विरुद्ध प्रक्रिया को '''घटाना''' ([[:en:Subtraction]]) कहा जाता है। जब किसी संख्या अथवा अंक से किसी दूसरी संख्या या अंक को कम किया जाता है तो उसे घटाना कहा जाता है। घटाने को - चिह्न से प्रदर्शित किया जाता है, जिसे ऋण ([[:en:Minus]]) चिह्न कहते हैं। उदाहरणः # 336-235 = 101 # 36 - 5 = 31 {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाना|*]] 9helcb3kepm7rzcdu9x7ftf0iuv7bgb 6707121 6707119 2025-07-10T19:51:20Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707121 wikitext text/x-wiki जोड़ेके प्रक्रियाके विरुद्ध प्रक्रियाके '''घटाओ''' कहल जाहे । जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कसे कौनो दोसर सङ्ख्या या अङ्कके कम कैल जायेला हे त ओकरा घटाओ कहल जाहे । घटावेके - चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे, जेकरा ऋण चिह्न कहल जाहे । उदाहरणः # 336-235 = 101 # 36 - 5 = 31 {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाओ|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] oevryq3mo3yu0dy7z5s8oatmihtd7o0 6707122 6707121 2025-07-10T19:51:34Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q40754]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707122 wikitext text/x-wiki जोड़ेके प्रक्रियाके विरुद्ध प्रक्रियाके '''घटाओ''' कहल जाहे । जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कसे कौनो दोसर सङ्ख्या या अङ्कके कम कैल जायेला हे त ओकरा घटाओ कहल जाहे । घटावेके - चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे, जेकरा ऋण चिह्न कहल जाहे । उदाहरणः # 336-235 = 101 # 36 - 5 = 31 {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाओ|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q40754}} swd2i30sq131u79sr7gjeyqjuqo5w3b 0 3613729 6707123 2025-07-10T19:52:12Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6707123 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6ckyai1ohhvd3nhy2ipv0gwgp05k8d7 0 3613730 6707124 2025-07-10T19:52:14Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6707124 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6ckyai1ohhvd3nhy2ipv0gwgp05k8d7 0 3613731 6707125 2025-07-10T19:52:16Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6707125 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/घटाओ|घटाओ]] iuqimsr8sahr71jqgi1o1ns4co3bxa2 14 3613732 6707126 2025-07-10T19:52:53Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तुलना (गणितीय)]]" 6707126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तुलना (गणितीय)]] rqgd0tnafrg83foz7utufol12n6ku8k 6707127 6707126 2025-07-10T19:53:02Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q15707581]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/तुलना (गणितीय)]] {{INTERWIKI|Q15707581}} ki4pcuxlbb8wg6h91ar3bepnwxh98dy 14 3613733 6707128 2025-07-10T19:53:37Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6707128 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाओ]] damg7nsfm78z1jq7wdmpej3yuqg27i7 14 3613734 6707129 2025-07-10T19:53:39Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाओ]] 6707129 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Wp/mag/घटाओ]] damg7nsfm78z1jq7wdmpej3yuqg27i7 14 3613735 6707130 2025-07-10T19:54:19Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/निर्णयन]]" 6707130 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/निर्णयन]] qzqnnh1uolnkl7rg8ghudujeovmdh5w 6707131 6707130 2025-07-10T19:54:29Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q49829247]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/द्विआधारी सङ्क्रिया]] [[Category:Wp/mag/निर्णयन]] {{INTERWIKI|Q49829247}} 90a1gqods5tm2vgkwq7lszwepvm5t3l 14 3613736 6707132 2025-07-10T19:54:47Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/समस्या समाधान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विश्लेषण]]" 6707132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/समस्या समाधान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विश्लेषण]] cvydmmmsairtss4s6zauec25gyild0f 6707133 6707132 2025-07-10T19:55:01Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q9130720]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/समस्या समाधान]] [[Category:Wp/mag/विश्लेषण]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9130720}} 4qa6lnw6d2oioqhofrprgafj9ieuqv5 0 3613737 6707137 2025-07-10T20:02:50Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे ओही सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके एक या एकसे अधिक बेर जोड़ल जाहे त ओकरा '''गुणा''' कहल जाहे । सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके जेत्तो बेर जोड़ल जाहे ऊ ओत्ते बेर गुणा होवहे । गुणा..." 6707137 wikitext text/x-wiki जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे ओही सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके एक या एकसे अधिक बेर जोड़ल जाहे त ओकरा '''गुणा''' कहल जाहे । सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके जेत्तो बेर जोड़ल जाहे ऊ ओत्ते बेर गुणा होवहे । गुणाके x चिह्नसे प्रदर्शि कैल जाहे । ==उदाहरण== २ x ४ = ८ गुणा करेमे सङ्ख्याके स्थानसे कौनो अन्तर नै पड़हे । ऊपरके उदाहरणके अनुसार : २ + २ + २ + २ = ८ (२ के ४ बेर जोड़ेपर उत्तर ८ आवहे) या ४ + ४ = ८ (४ के २ बेर जोड़ेपर उत्तर ८ आवहे ) ==परिभाषा== दु सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल प्राप्त करेके कार्यके गुणा कैल कहल जाहे । ===दु प्राकृत सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल=== [[File:Three by Four.svg|thumb|3 के 4 से गुणा करेपर 12 गुणनफल प्राप्त भेल ।]] कुछ पत्थरके यदि हमनी आयताकार स्थितिमे <math>r</math> पङ्क्ति आउ <math>s</math> कॉलम (स्तम्भ) के रूप रखी त हमनीके ई परिणाम प्राप्त होत: :<math> r \cdot s = \sum_{i=1}^s r = \underbrace{ r+r+\cdots+r }_{s\text{ times}}= \sum_{j=1}^r s = \underbrace{ s+s+\cdots+s }_{r\text{ times}} </math> ===दु पूर्ण सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल=== [[Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] ऐसन पूर्णाङ्कके कहल जाहे, जेकर मान ऋणात्मक आउ धनात्मक दुनो होवहे, किन्तु एकर मान दशमलवमे नै होवहे । जैसे -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 आदि । इनखर गुणनफलके प्राप्त करेला निम्न नियमके पालन कैल जाहे - :<math>\begin{array}{|c|c c|} \hline \times & - & + \\ \hline - & + & - \\ + & - & + \\ \hline \end{array}</math> एकरा शब्दमे ई प्रकार बुझल जा सकहे: * एक (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (+) धनात्मक होत । * एक (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (-) ऋणात्मक होत । * एक (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (-) ऋणात्मक होत । * एक (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (+) धनात्मक होत । ===दु भिन्नके गुणनफल=== दु [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]]के उनखर [[Wp/mag/अंश|अंश]] आउ [[Wp/mag/हर|हर]]के गुणा करके गुणनफल प्राप्त कैल जा सकहे । अंश ऊ सङ्ख्याके कहल जाहे, जेकरामे भाग देल जाहे । भिन्नमे अंश ऊपरे आउ हर नीचेे दन्ने होवहे । :<math> \frac{z}{n} \cdot \frac{z'}{n'} = \frac{z\cdot z'}{n\cdot n'}</math> उपरोक्त उदाहरणमे अपने देख सकही कि z (अंश) / n (हर) के हमनी z' (अंश) / n' (हर) से गुना करैत ही । एकराला हमनीके दुनोके अंशके एक दोसरासे गुना करे पड़लै आउ नीचे दुनोके हरोके एक दोसरासे गुना करे पड़लै । एकर बाद प्राप्त भेल भिन्न एकर गुणनफल हे । ==सन्दर्भ== {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अङ्कन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] j6akr7793tz6foqi5eanhldep36xol4 6707138 6707137 2025-07-10T20:03:01Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q40276]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707138 wikitext text/x-wiki जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कमे ओही सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके एक या एकसे अधिक बेर जोड़ल जाहे त ओकरा '''गुणा''' कहल जाहे । सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके जेत्तो बेर जोड़ल जाहे ऊ ओत्ते बेर गुणा होवहे । गुणाके x चिह्नसे प्रदर्शि कैल जाहे । ==उदाहरण== २ x ४ = ८ गुणा करेमे सङ्ख्याके स्थानसे कौनो अन्तर नै पड़हे । ऊपरके उदाहरणके अनुसार : २ + २ + २ + २ = ८ (२ के ४ बेर जोड़ेपर उत्तर ८ आवहे) या ४ + ४ = ८ (४ के २ बेर जोड़ेपर उत्तर ८ आवहे ) ==परिभाषा== दु सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल प्राप्त करेके कार्यके गुणा कैल कहल जाहे । ===दु प्राकृत सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल=== [[File:Three by Four.svg|thumb|3 के 4 से गुणा करेपर 12 गुणनफल प्राप्त भेल ।]] कुछ पत्थरके यदि हमनी आयताकार स्थितिमे <math>r</math> पङ्क्ति आउ <math>s</math> कॉलम (स्तम्भ) के रूप रखी त हमनीके ई परिणाम प्राप्त होत: :<math> r \cdot s = \sum_{i=1}^s r = \underbrace{ r+r+\cdots+r }_{s\text{ times}}= \sum_{j=1}^r s = \underbrace{ s+s+\cdots+s }_{r\text{ times}} </math> ===दु पूर्ण सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल=== [[Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] ऐसन पूर्णाङ्कके कहल जाहे, जेकर मान ऋणात्मक आउ धनात्मक दुनो होवहे, किन्तु एकर मान दशमलवमे नै होवहे । जैसे -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 आदि । इनखर गुणनफलके प्राप्त करेला निम्न नियमके पालन कैल जाहे - :<math>\begin{array}{|c|c c|} \hline \times & - & + \\ \hline - & + & - \\ + & - & + \\ \hline \end{array}</math> एकरा शब्दमे ई प्रकार बुझल जा सकहे: * एक (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (+) धनात्मक होत । * एक (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (-) ऋणात्मक होत । * एक (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (-) ऋणात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (-) ऋणात्मक होत । * एक (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्याके गुणा (+) धनात्मक सङ्ख्यासे करी त गुणनफल (+) धनात्मक होत । ===दु भिन्नके गुणनफल=== दु [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]]के उनखर [[Wp/mag/अंश|अंश]] आउ [[Wp/mag/हर|हर]]के गुणा करके गुणनफल प्राप्त कैल जा सकहे । अंश ऊ सङ्ख्याके कहल जाहे, जेकरामे भाग देल जाहे । भिन्नमे अंश ऊपरे आउ हर नीचेे दन्ने होवहे । :<math> \frac{z}{n} \cdot \frac{z'}{n'} = \frac{z\cdot z'}{n\cdot n'}</math> उपरोक्त उदाहरणमे अपने देख सकही कि z (अंश) / n (हर) के हमनी z' (अंश) / n' (हर) से गुना करैत ही । एकराला हमनीके दुनोके अंशके एक दोसरासे गुना करे पड़लै आउ नीचे दुनोके हरोके एक दोसरासे गुना करे पड़लै । एकर बाद प्राप्त भेल भिन्न एकर गुणनफल हे । ==सन्दर्भ== {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय अङ्कन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q40276}} 62735qx73dctcizdeav713fv8qem6z5 0 3613738 6707141 2025-07-10T20:12:29Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Cake quarters.svg|right|thumb|300px|एक केकके चार भाग दर्शावल गेलहे । ओकरामे से एक भागके निकाल देल गेलहे । एकरे दोसर शब्दमे कहब कि केकके <math>\tfrac{1}{4}</math>भाग काटके निकाल देल गेलहे आउ <math>\tfrac{3}{4}</math> भाग बचल हे ।]] '''भिन..." 6707141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cake quarters.svg|right|thumb|300px|एक केकके चार भाग दर्शावल गेलहे । ओकरामे से एक भागके निकाल देल गेलहे । एकरे दोसर शब्दमे कहब कि केकके <math>\tfrac{1}{4}</math>भाग काटके निकाल देल गेलहे आउ <math>\tfrac{3}{4}</math> भाग बचल हे ।]] '''भिन्न''' एक [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]] हे जे पूर्णके कौनो भागके दर्शावहे । भिन्न दु पूर्ण सङ्ख्याके भागफल हे । भिन्नके एक उदाहरण हे <math>\tfrac{3}{5}</math> जेकरामे 3 [[Wp/mag/अंश|अंश]] कहला हे आउ 5 [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|हर]] कहला हे । == भिन्नके विभिन्न रूप == भिन्नके ढेर रूप हे - (१) '''उचित भिन्न''' के अंशके [[Wp/mag/निरपेक्ष मान|परम मान]] उनखर हरके परम मानसे कम होवहे, जैसे 3/4, 2/3, 5/7 । (२) '''विषम भिन्न''' के अंशके परम मान उनखर हरके परम मानसे अधिक होवहे, जैसे 5/4, 8/3, 5/3 । (३) '''मिश्रित भिन्न''' के दु भाग हे - एक भाग [[Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] होवहे आउ एक भाग उचित भिन्न होवहे । (४) '''तुल्य भिन्न''' के राशि समान होवहे, जैसे <math>\tfrac{1}{3}</math> आउ <math>\tfrac{2}{6}</math> । क/ख मे यदि क < ख त भिन्न 'उचित भिन्न' कहला हे आउ यदि क > ख, त भिन्न 'अनुचित भिन्न' कहला हे । उदाहरण लागि २/३ एक उचित भिन्न हे, जखनकि ५/२ एक अनुचित भिन्न । साधारण भाषामे भिन्नके दु प्रकारसे बुझल सकही - :(१) यदि कौनो राशिके ख बराबर भागमे बाटी आउ ओकरामे से क भाग ले ली, त ई क भागके पूरा राशिके क/ख भाग कहल जाहे, या :(२) ई प्रकारके यदि क राशि ली आउ उनकर ख बराबर भाग करी, त प्रत्येकके एक राशिके क/ख भाग कहल जाहे । दु सङ्ख्या क आउ ख के अनुपातोके क/ख भिन्नसे व्यक्त कैल जाहे । यदि भिन्न क/ख मे क या ख के कौनो भिन्नसे बदल दी त ई प्रकार बनल भिन्नके '''मिश्र भिन्न''' कहल जाहे, जखनकि मूल भिन्नके सरल भिन्न कहल जाहे, जैसे, ३/५ सरल भिन्न हे, परन्तु (३/४) / (५/७) मिश्र भिन्नके उदाहरण हे । मिश्र भिन्नके आउओ व्यापक बनावल जा सकहे । अंश आउ हरके बजाय एक भिन्नके बड्डीमनी भिन्नके योग, अन्तर गुणनफल, भागफल हो सकहे । जखनि भिन्नके हर भिन्न होवे, जेकर हर फिर भिन्न होवे आउ एही प्रकरा चलैत रहे, ते एसन भिन्नको '''[[Wp/mag/वितत भिन्न|वितत भिन्न]]''' कहल जाहे, जैसे - :<math>a_0 + \cfrac{b_1}{a_1 + \cfrac{b_2}{a_2 + \cfrac{b_3}{ \ddots }}}</math> == भिन्नके नियम == भिन्नके नियम निम्नलिखित हे - * यदि अंश आउ हरके एके सङ्ख्यासे गुणा या भाग दी त भिन्नके मानमे कौनो अन्तर नै पड़े, अर्थात्‌ ;:a/b = (ak)/(bk) अतः १/२ आउ ४/८ के मान समान हे । एकरा तुल्य भिन्न कहल जाहे । * यदि दु भिन्नके हर समान होवे त जौन भिन्नके अंश बड़ होवहे, ऊ दोसरासे बड़ होत । अतः १२/२५ आउ ७/२५ मे से १२/२५ बड़ हे । * यदि दु भिन्नके अंश समान होवे ते जौन भिन्नके हर छोट होवहे ऊ भिन्न दोसर भिन्नसे बड़ होत । अतः ३/५ आउ ३/११ मे ३/५ बड़ हे । == इहो देखिए == * [[Wp/mag/वितत भिन्न|वितत भिन्न]] (Continued fraction) * [[Wp/mag/आंशिक भिन्न|आंशिक भिन्न]] * [[Wp/mag/श्रेणी (गणित)|श्रेणी (गणित)]] * [[Wp/mag/प्रतिशत|प्रतिशत]] ==सन्दर्भ== {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भिन्न (गणित)|*]] 0irdypf7my7nzi8wqa67wspnb7i2npz 6707142 6707141 2025-07-10T20:12:43Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q66055]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cake quarters.svg|right|thumb|300px|एक केकके चार भाग दर्शावल गेलहे । ओकरामे से एक भागके निकाल देल गेलहे । एकरे दोसर शब्दमे कहब कि केकके <math>\tfrac{1}{4}</math>भाग काटके निकाल देल गेलहे आउ <math>\tfrac{3}{4}</math> भाग बचल हे ।]] '''भिन्न''' एक [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]] हे जे पूर्णके कौनो भागके दर्शावहे । भिन्न दु पूर्ण सङ्ख्याके भागफल हे । भिन्नके एक उदाहरण हे <math>\tfrac{3}{5}</math> जेकरामे 3 [[Wp/mag/अंश|अंश]] कहला हे आउ 5 [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|हर]] कहला हे । == भिन्नके विभिन्न रूप == भिन्नके ढेर रूप हे - (१) '''उचित भिन्न''' के अंशके [[Wp/mag/निरपेक्ष मान|परम मान]] उनखर हरके परम मानसे कम होवहे, जैसे 3/4, 2/3, 5/7 । (२) '''विषम भिन्न''' के अंशके परम मान उनखर हरके परम मानसे अधिक होवहे, जैसे 5/4, 8/3, 5/3 । (३) '''मिश्रित भिन्न''' के दु भाग हे - एक भाग [[Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] होवहे आउ एक भाग उचित भिन्न होवहे । (४) '''तुल्य भिन्न''' के राशि समान होवहे, जैसे <math>\tfrac{1}{3}</math> आउ <math>\tfrac{2}{6}</math> । क/ख मे यदि क < ख त भिन्न 'उचित भिन्न' कहला हे आउ यदि क > ख, त भिन्न 'अनुचित भिन्न' कहला हे । उदाहरण लागि २/३ एक उचित भिन्न हे, जखनकि ५/२ एक अनुचित भिन्न । साधारण भाषामे भिन्नके दु प्रकारसे बुझल सकही - :(१) यदि कौनो राशिके ख बराबर भागमे बाटी आउ ओकरामे से क भाग ले ली, त ई क भागके पूरा राशिके क/ख भाग कहल जाहे, या :(२) ई प्रकारके यदि क राशि ली आउ उनकर ख बराबर भाग करी, त प्रत्येकके एक राशिके क/ख भाग कहल जाहे । दु सङ्ख्या क आउ ख के अनुपातोके क/ख भिन्नसे व्यक्त कैल जाहे । यदि भिन्न क/ख मे क या ख के कौनो भिन्नसे बदल दी त ई प्रकार बनल भिन्नके '''मिश्र भिन्न''' कहल जाहे, जखनकि मूल भिन्नके सरल भिन्न कहल जाहे, जैसे, ३/५ सरल भिन्न हे, परन्तु (३/४) / (५/७) मिश्र भिन्नके उदाहरण हे । मिश्र भिन्नके आउओ व्यापक बनावल जा सकहे । अंश आउ हरके बजाय एक भिन्नके बड्डीमनी भिन्नके योग, अन्तर गुणनफल, भागफल हो सकहे । जखनि भिन्नके हर भिन्न होवे, जेकर हर फिर भिन्न होवे आउ एही प्रकरा चलैत रहे, ते एसन भिन्नको '''[[Wp/mag/वितत भिन्न|वितत भिन्न]]''' कहल जाहे, जैसे - :<math>a_0 + \cfrac{b_1}{a_1 + \cfrac{b_2}{a_2 + \cfrac{b_3}{ \ddots }}}</math> == भिन्नके नियम == भिन्नके नियम निम्नलिखित हे - * यदि अंश आउ हरके एके सङ्ख्यासे गुणा या भाग दी त भिन्नके मानमे कौनो अन्तर नै पड़े, अर्थात्‌ ;:a/b = (ak)/(bk) अतः १/२ आउ ४/८ के मान समान हे । एकरा तुल्य भिन्न कहल जाहे । * यदि दु भिन्नके हर समान होवे त जौन भिन्नके अंश बड़ होवहे, ऊ दोसरासे बड़ होत । अतः १२/२५ आउ ७/२५ मे से १२/२५ बड़ हे । * यदि दु भिन्नके अंश समान होवे ते जौन भिन्नके हर छोट होवहे ऊ भिन्न दोसर भिन्नसे बड़ होत । अतः ३/५ आउ ३/११ मे ३/५ बड़ हे । == इहो देखिए == * [[Wp/mag/वितत भिन्न|वितत भिन्न]] (Continued fraction) * [[Wp/mag/आंशिक भिन्न|आंशिक भिन्न]] * [[Wp/mag/श्रेणी (गणित)|श्रेणी (गणित)]] * [[Wp/mag/प्रतिशत|प्रतिशत]] ==सन्दर्भ== {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भिन्न (गणित)|*]] {{INTERWIKI|Q66055}} l9jgntz03ndxy9w4bqepo1quagqh988 14 3613739 6707144 2025-07-10T20:13:37Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक बीजगणित]]" 6707144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक बीजगणित]] 2ds8owkuwsnbb08bnh21n5gmjwd0iv3 6707145 6707144 2025-07-10T20:13:46Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7307097]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक बीजगणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7307097}} b3qoktqzdr3gwhfgunesn7svmtqu4w4 14 3613740 6707146 2025-07-10T20:14:10Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]]" 6707146 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] rkl6vjcazrwk6b4m1yvxhxjd2lcjcgp 6707147 6707146 2025-07-10T20:14:27Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7139263]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7139263}} 7wvn51z49s3vhbwyu8lhcr9fdui7x5y 0 3613741 6707149 2025-07-10T20:15:52Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "'''अंश''' [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]]के समान भागके [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]]के निरूपित करहे । आमतौर पर भिन्नके उपरी भाग अंश होवहे । उदाहरण स्वरूप - <math>\tfrac{3}{5}</math> भिन्नमे <math>3</math> अंश हे । == इहो देखी == * Wp/mag/भिन्न|..." 6707149 wikitext text/x-wiki '''अंश''' [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]]के समान भागके [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]]के निरूपित करहे । आमतौर पर भिन्नके उपरी भाग अंश होवहे । उदाहरण स्वरूप - <math>\tfrac{3}{5}</math> भिन्नमे <math>3</math> अंश हे । == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भिन्न (गणित)]] q043v4iibydttdxro66zmjyun083qwg 6707150 6707149 2025-07-10T20:16:03Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q2279584]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''अंश''' [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]]के समान भागके [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]]के निरूपित करहे । आमतौर पर भिन्नके उपरी भाग अंश होवहे । उदाहरण स्वरूप - <math>\tfrac{3}{5}</math> भिन्नमे <math>3</math> अंश हे । == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/भिन्न|भिन्न]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/भिन्न (गणित)]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2279584}} 37jlk4i91888jhj7ken834j3lknbpmi 0 3613742 6707156 2025-07-10T20:24:48Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Absolute Value.svg|300px|right|thumb|वास्तविक सङ्ख्याला निरपेक्ष मान फलनके ग्राफ]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो [[Wp/mag/वास्तविक सङ्ख्या|वास्तविक सङ्ख्या]]के '''निरपेक्ष मान''' या 'निरपेक्ष मूल्य' या 'मापाङ्क' |a| ऊ सङ्..." 6707156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Absolute Value.svg|300px|right|thumb|वास्तविक सङ्ख्याला निरपेक्ष मान फलनके ग्राफ]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो [[Wp/mag/वास्तविक सङ्ख्या|वास्तविक सङ्ख्या]]के '''निरपेक्ष मान''' या 'निरपेक्ष मूल्य' या 'मापाङ्क' |a| ऊ सङ्ख्याके चिह्नके बिन ओकर आङ्किक मानके बराबर होवहे । उदाहरण लागि 3 के निरपेक्ष मान 3 हे, आउ -3 ओ के निरपेक्ष मान 3 ए हे । कौनो सङ्ख्याके निरपेक्ष मानके ऊ सङ्ख्याके शून्यसे दूरीके बराबर बुझल जा सकहे । ; उदाहरण *|5| = abs(5) = 5 *|-2| = abs(-2) = 2 वास्तविक सङ्ख्याला निरपेक्ष मानके उपर देल गेल परिभाषाके कौनो अन्य गणितीय क्षेत्रमे सामान्यीकरण कैल गेल हे । उदाहरणला [[Wp/mag/समिश्र सङ्ख्या|समिश्र सङ्ख्यो]]ला निरपेक्ष मान परिभाषित कैल जाहे । एकर अतिरिक्त quaternions, ordered rings, fields आउ सदिश अवकाशोला (vector spaces) निरपेक्ष मान परिभाषित कैल जाहे । == वास्तविक सङ्ख्याके निरपेक्ष मान == वास्तविक सङ्ख्या ''a'' के निरपेक्ष मान |&thinsp;''a''&thinsp;| (राशिके दुनो दन्ने उर्ध्व रेखा द्वारा) निरूपित कैल जाहे । आउ एकर परिभाषा निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे कैल जाहे - :<math>|a| = \begin{cases} a, & \mbox{if } a \ge 0 \\ -a, & \mbox{if } a < 0. \end{cases} </math> ई परिभाषासे स्पष्ट हे कि कौनो राशिके निरपेक्ष मान या त धनात्मक होत या शून्य होत; ई ऋणात्मक कहियो नै हो सकत । चूँकि बिन चिह्नके [[Wp/mag/वर्गमूल|वर्गमूल]]के सङ्केत ऊ राशिके धनात्मक वर्गमूलके इङ्गित करहे; एकर अर्थ भेल कि- :{| |- | style="width: 250px" | <math>|a| = \sqrt{a^2}</math> | <math>(1)</math> |} एही कहियो-कहियो निरपेक्ष मानके परिभाषाके तौरपर प्रयोग कैल जाहे ।<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book| author=Stewart, James B. | coauthors= | title=Calculus: concepts and contexts | year=2001 | publisher=Brooks/Cole | location=Australia | isbn=0-534-37718-1 | pages=}}, p. A5</ref> निरपेक्ष मानके निम्नलिखित चार मूलभूत गुण होवहे - :{| |- | style="width: 250px" |<math>|a| \ge 0 </math> | style="width: 100px" | <math>(2)</math> | Non-negativity |- |<math>|a| = 0 \iff a = 0 </math> | <math>(3)</math> |Positive-definiteness |- |<math>|ab| = |a||b|\,</math> | <math>(4)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Multiplicativeness|Multiplicativeness]] |- |<math>|a+b| \le |a| + |b| </math> | <math>(5)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Subadditivity|Subadditivity]] |} निरपेक्ष मानके अन्य महत्वपूर्णण गुण निम्नलिखित हे - :{| |- | style="width:250px" |<math>|-a| = |a|\,</math> | style="width: 100px" | <math>(6)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Symmetry|Symmetry]] |- |<math>|a - b| = 0 \iff a = b </math> | <math>(7)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Identity of indiscernibles|Identity of indiscernibles]] (equivalent to positive-definiteness) |- |<math>|a - b| \le |a - c| + |c - b| </math> | <math>(8)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Triangle inequality|Triangle inequality]] (equivalent to subadditivity) |- |<math>|a/b| = |a| / |b| \mbox{ (if } b \ne 0) \,</math> | <math>(9)</math> |Preservation of division (equivalent to multiplicativeness) |- |<math>|a-b| \ge ||a| - |b|| </math> | <math>(10)</math> |(equivalent to subadditivity) |} यदि b > 0, त [[Wp/mag/असमिका|असमिका]] (inequalities) से सम्बन्धित दु अन्य उपयोगी गुण ई हे - :<math>|a| \le b \iff -b \le a \le b </math> :<math>|a| \ge b \iff a \le -b \mbox{ or } b \le a </math> उपरोक्य सम्बन्धके प्रयोग ऊसभ असमताके हल निकालेला कैल जा सकहे जेकरामे निरपेक्ष मानके प्रयोग भेल होवे । उदाहरण लागि, :{| |- |<math>|x-3| \le 9 </math> |<math>\iff -9 \le x-3 \le 9 </math> |- | |<math>\iff -6 \le x \le 12 </math> |} == समिश्र सङ्ख्याके निरपेक्ष मान == [[File:Complex conjugate picture.svg|right|thumb|कौनो समिश्र सङ्ख्या ''z'' के निरपेक्ष मान मूलबिन्दु (origin) से ''z'' के दूरी ''r'' के बराबर होवहे । चित्रसे एहु स्पष्ट हे कि ''z'' आउ ओकर समिश्र युग्म (complex conjugate) {{Wp/mag/Overline|''z''}} दुनोके निरपेक्ष मान एकसमान होवहे ।]] </div> कौनो समिश्र सङ्ख्या, :<math>z = x + iy,\,</math> जन्ने ''x'' आउ ''y'' वास्तविक सङ्ख्या हैे, ''z'' के मापाङ्क |''z''| द्वारा प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । एकरा निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे पारिभाषित करहे - :<math>|z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}.</math> समिश्र सङ्ख्याके मापाङ्कमे उपरे वर्णित ऊ सभ गुण हे जे वास्तविक सङ्ख्याके मापाङ्कमे हे । यदि, :<math> z = x + i y = r (\cos \phi + i \sin \phi) \,</math> होवे आउ :<math>\overline{z} = x - iy</math> ''z'' के समिश्र युग्म होवे त, :<math>\begin{align} |z| & = r, \\ |z| & = |\overline{z}|\end{align}</math> एवं :<math>|z| = \sqrt{z\overline{z}},</math> ''z'' के मापाङ्कके वर्ग निम्नलिखित हे - :<math>|z|^2 = z\overline{z} = x^2 + y^2.</math> == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{Wp/mag/PlanetMath | urlname=AbsoluteValue | title=absolute value | id=448}} * {{Wp/mag/MathWorld | urlname=AbsoluteValue | title=Absolute Value}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/आरम्भिक विशिष्ट फलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वास्तविक सङ्ख्या]] 0b4t0r5ka6sqr9sjhglr31nzqz2pj2u 6707157 6707156 2025-07-10T20:25:09Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q120812]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Absolute Value.svg|300px|right|thumb|वास्तविक सङ्ख्याला निरपेक्ष मान फलनके ग्राफ]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो [[Wp/mag/वास्तविक सङ्ख्या|वास्तविक सङ्ख्या]]के '''निरपेक्ष मान''' या 'निरपेक्ष मूल्य' या 'मापाङ्क' |a| ऊ सङ्ख्याके चिह्नके बिन ओकर आङ्किक मानके बराबर होवहे । उदाहरण लागि 3 के निरपेक्ष मान 3 हे, आउ -3 ओ के निरपेक्ष मान 3 ए हे । कौनो सङ्ख्याके निरपेक्ष मानके ऊ सङ्ख्याके शून्यसे दूरीके बराबर बुझल जा सकहे । ; उदाहरण *|5| = abs(5) = 5 *|-2| = abs(-2) = 2 वास्तविक सङ्ख्याला निरपेक्ष मानके उपर देल गेल परिभाषाके कौनो अन्य गणितीय क्षेत्रमे सामान्यीकरण कैल गेल हे । उदाहरणला [[Wp/mag/समिश्र सङ्ख्या|समिश्र सङ्ख्यो]]ला निरपेक्ष मान परिभाषित कैल जाहे । एकर अतिरिक्त quaternions, ordered rings, fields आउ सदिश अवकाशोला (vector spaces) निरपेक्ष मान परिभाषित कैल जाहे । == वास्तविक सङ्ख्याके निरपेक्ष मान == वास्तविक सङ्ख्या ''a'' के निरपेक्ष मान |&thinsp;''a''&thinsp;| (राशिके दुनो दन्ने उर्ध्व रेखा द्वारा) निरूपित कैल जाहे । आउ एकर परिभाषा निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे कैल जाहे - :<math>|a| = \begin{cases} a, & \mbox{if } a \ge 0 \\ -a, & \mbox{if } a < 0. \end{cases} </math> ई परिभाषासे स्पष्ट हे कि कौनो राशिके निरपेक्ष मान या त धनात्मक होत या शून्य होत; ई ऋणात्मक कहियो नै हो सकत । चूँकि बिन चिह्नके [[Wp/mag/वर्गमूल|वर्गमूल]]के सङ्केत ऊ राशिके धनात्मक वर्गमूलके इङ्गित करहे; एकर अर्थ भेल कि- :{| |- | style="width: 250px" | <math>|a| = \sqrt{a^2}</math> | <math>(1)</math> |} एही कहियो-कहियो निरपेक्ष मानके परिभाषाके तौरपर प्रयोग कैल जाहे ।<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book| author=Stewart, James B. | coauthors= | title=Calculus: concepts and contexts | year=2001 | publisher=Brooks/Cole | location=Australia | isbn=0-534-37718-1 | pages=}}, p. A5</ref> निरपेक्ष मानके निम्नलिखित चार मूलभूत गुण होवहे - :{| |- | style="width: 250px" |<math>|a| \ge 0 </math> | style="width: 100px" | <math>(2)</math> | Non-negativity |- |<math>|a| = 0 \iff a = 0 </math> | <math>(3)</math> |Positive-definiteness |- |<math>|ab| = |a||b|\,</math> | <math>(4)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Multiplicativeness|Multiplicativeness]] |- |<math>|a+b| \le |a| + |b| </math> | <math>(5)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Subadditivity|Subadditivity]] |} निरपेक्ष मानके अन्य महत्वपूर्णण गुण निम्नलिखित हे - :{| |- | style="width:250px" |<math>|-a| = |a|\,</math> | style="width: 100px" | <math>(6)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Symmetry|Symmetry]] |- |<math>|a - b| = 0 \iff a = b </math> | <math>(7)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Identity of indiscernibles|Identity of indiscernibles]] (equivalent to positive-definiteness) |- |<math>|a - b| \le |a - c| + |c - b| </math> | <math>(8)</math> |[[Wp/mag/Triangle inequality|Triangle inequality]] (equivalent to subadditivity) |- |<math>|a/b| = |a| / |b| \mbox{ (if } b \ne 0) \,</math> | <math>(9)</math> |Preservation of division (equivalent to multiplicativeness) |- |<math>|a-b| \ge ||a| - |b|| </math> | <math>(10)</math> |(equivalent to subadditivity) |} यदि b > 0, त [[Wp/mag/असमिका|असमिका]] (inequalities) से सम्बन्धित दु अन्य उपयोगी गुण ई हे - :<math>|a| \le b \iff -b \le a \le b </math> :<math>|a| \ge b \iff a \le -b \mbox{ or } b \le a </math> उपरोक्य सम्बन्धके प्रयोग ऊसभ असमताके हल निकालेला कैल जा सकहे जेकरामे निरपेक्ष मानके प्रयोग भेल होवे । उदाहरण लागि, :{| |- |<math>|x-3| \le 9 </math> |<math>\iff -9 \le x-3 \le 9 </math> |- | |<math>\iff -6 \le x \le 12 </math> |} == समिश्र सङ्ख्याके निरपेक्ष मान == [[File:Complex conjugate picture.svg|right|thumb|कौनो समिश्र सङ्ख्या ''z'' के निरपेक्ष मान मूलबिन्दु (origin) से ''z'' के दूरी ''r'' के बराबर होवहे । चित्रसे एहु स्पष्ट हे कि ''z'' आउ ओकर समिश्र युग्म (complex conjugate) {{Wp/mag/Overline|''z''}} दुनोके निरपेक्ष मान एकसमान होवहे ।]] </div> कौनो समिश्र सङ्ख्या, :<math>z = x + iy,\,</math> जन्ने ''x'' आउ ''y'' वास्तविक सङ्ख्या हैे, ''z'' के मापाङ्क |''z''| द्वारा प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । एकरा निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे पारिभाषित करहे - :<math>|z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}.</math> समिश्र सङ्ख्याके मापाङ्कमे उपरे वर्णित ऊ सभ गुण हे जे वास्तविक सङ्ख्याके मापाङ्कमे हे । यदि, :<math> z = x + i y = r (\cos \phi + i \sin \phi) \,</math> होवे आउ :<math>\overline{z} = x - iy</math> ''z'' के समिश्र युग्म होवे त, :<math>\begin{align} |z| & = r, \\ |z| & = |\overline{z}|\end{align}</math> एवं :<math>|z| = \sqrt{z\overline{z}},</math> ''z'' के मापाङ्कके वर्ग निम्नलिखित हे - :<math>|z|^2 = z\overline{z} = x^2 + y^2.</math> == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{Wp/mag/PlanetMath | urlname=AbsoluteValue | title=absolute value | id=448}} * {{Wp/mag/MathWorld | urlname=AbsoluteValue | title=Absolute Value}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/आरम्भिक विशिष्ट फलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वास्तविक सङ्ख्या]] {{INTERWIKI|Q120812}} 9g7kky4pbcd1cxhvbjx3x2woaepcau0 0 3613743 6707158 2025-07-10T20:25:58Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/निरपेक्ष मान]] 6707158 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/निरपेक्ष मान]] n50u76xa8vfypvgc61ybe6zei4iwhjb 10 3613744 6707159 2025-07-10T20:26:51Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "<cite id="Reference-Mathworld-{{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}">{{{author|[[:en:Eric W. Weisstein|एरिक डब्ल्यू वेइसटीन]]}}}, [[:en:MathWorld|मैथवर्ल्ड]] पर ''[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/{{{urlname|{{{1|}}}}}}.html {{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]'' </cite><noinclude>{{Wp/mag/Documentation}} </noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]]" 6707159 wikitext text/x-wiki <cite id="Reference-Mathworld-{{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}">{{{author|[[:en:Eric W. Weisstein|एरिक डब्ल्यू वेइसटीन]]}}}, [[:en:MathWorld|मैथवर्ल्ड]] पर ''[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/{{{urlname|{{{1|}}}}}}.html {{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]'' </cite><noinclude>{{Wp/mag/Documentation}} </noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]] 8fdg9huohz4rdiqp07a1qbxs4gds44m 6707160 6707159 2025-07-10T20:27:04Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q6272939]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707160 wikitext text/x-wiki <cite id="Reference-Mathworld-{{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}">{{{author|[[:en:Eric W. Weisstein|एरिक डब्ल्यू वेइसटीन]]}}}, [[:en:MathWorld|मैथवर्ल्ड]] पर ''[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/{{{urlname|{{{1|}}}}}}.html {{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]'' </cite><noinclude>{{Wp/mag/Documentation}} </noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]]<noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q6272939}} </noinclude> ifctnpe63tnnbbhtlmhf5bmoujmy45y 10 3613745 6707161 2025-07-10T20:28:43Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Wp/mag/प्लैनेटमैथ|प्लैनेटमैथ]] पर [https://planetmath.org/{{{1|{{{urlname}}}}}} {{{2|{{{title|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}] ।<!----><noinclude>{{Wp/mag/Documentation}}</noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]]" 6707161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/प्लैनेटमैथ|प्लैनेटमैथ]] पर [https://planetmath.org/{{{1|{{{urlname}}}}}} {{{2|{{{title|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}] ।<!----><noinclude>{{Wp/mag/Documentation}}</noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]] rqu7xdzhrnxulse89ga15myrepnrh97 6707162 6707161 2025-07-10T20:28:52Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q9550328]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/प्लैनेटमैथ|प्लैनेटमैथ]] पर [https://planetmath.org/{{{1|{{{urlname}}}}}} {{{2|{{{title|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}] ।<!----><noinclude>{{Wp/mag/Documentation}}</noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]]<noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q9550328}} </noinclude> hnrv9ydezrobuadgxo7jpicq9n4txx0 0 3613746 6707163 2025-07-10T20:30:11Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/भिन्न]] 6707163 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/भिन्न]] jeydr9up1x8h9wj1qokchi80tfibfdy 0 3613747 6707165 2025-07-10T20:35:33Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Divide20by4.svg|right|thumb|300px|'''20 ÷ 4 = 5''' के चित्रात्मक निरूपण]] [[Wp/mag/गुणा|गुणा]] करेके प्रक्रियाके विरुद्ध प्रक्रियाके '''विभाजन''' या '''भाग''' कैल कहल जा हे । जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अङ्कमे कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्क..." 6707165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Divide20by4.svg|right|thumb|300px|'''20 ÷ 4 = 5''' के चित्रात्मक निरूपण]] [[Wp/mag/गुणा|गुणा]] करेके प्रक्रियाके विरुद्ध प्रक्रियाके '''विभाजन''' या '''भाग''' कैल कहल जा हे । जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अङ्कमे कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके एकसे अधिक बेर घटावल जाहे त ओकरा भाग कहल जाहे । सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके जेत्ता बेर घटावल जाहे, ओत्ते बेर भाग देवेला होवहे । भागके '''÷''' या '''/''' चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । उदाहरण - : ४ / २ = २ == परिचय == भाजन गणितमे ऊ क्रिया हे जेकरासे दु सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल आउ ईसभ सङ्ख्यामे से एकके देल रहेपर दोसर ज्ञात कैल जाहे । देल गुणनफलके ''''भाज्य'''' (dividend or numerator), देल सङ्ख्याके ''''भाजक'''' (divisor or denominator) आउ अभीष्ट सङ्ख्याके ''''भागफल'''' (quotient) कहल जाहे । १८ / ३ = ६ मे भाज्य = १८, भाजक = ३, भागफल=६ हे । स्पष्ट हे कि यदि भाज्य य आउ भाजक क धन [[Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] हे, त भागफल ल तखिनये पूर्ण सङ्ख्या होत जखनि '''य''', '''क''' के [[Wp/mag/समापवर्तक|समापवर्तक]] होवे, किन्तु यदि '''य''' दु क्रमागत समापवर्त्य क*र आउ क*(र+१) के बीचमे हे त र के भागफल आउ (य - क*र) के शेष कहल जाहे । ई भाजन क्रियाके 'साशेष भाजन' कहल जाहे । [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणितो]]मे भाजनके अद्वितीय क्रिया हो सकहे । ई तखनि जखनि भाजक आउ भाज्य खाली एक चर य के [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] होवे आउ ई बुझल होवे कि शेषके भाजकसे कम घातके बहुपद होवेके चाही । == इहो देखी== * [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] * [[Wp/mag/शेषफल प्रमेय|शेषफल प्रमेय]] {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] n9nnyq4il8ut8tj5fpc60p8xywu7r68 6707167 6707165 2025-07-10T20:35:48Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q1226939]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Divide20by4.svg|right|thumb|300px|'''20 ÷ 4 = 5''' के चित्रात्मक निरूपण]] [[Wp/mag/गुणा|गुणा]] करेके प्रक्रियाके विरुद्ध प्रक्रियाके '''विभाजन''' या '''भाग''' कैल कहल जा हे । जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या अङ्कमे कौनो सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके एकसे अधिक बेर घटावल जाहे त ओकरा भाग कहल जाहे । सङ्ख्या अथवा अङ्कके जेत्ता बेर घटावल जाहे, ओत्ते बेर भाग देवेला होवहे । भागके '''÷''' या '''/''' चिह्नसे प्रदर्शित कैल जाहे । उदाहरण - : ४ / २ = २ == परिचय == भाजन गणितमे ऊ क्रिया हे जेकरासे दु सङ्ख्याके गुणनफल आउ ईसभ सङ्ख्यामे से एकके देल रहेपर दोसर ज्ञात कैल जाहे । देल गुणनफलके ''''भाज्य'''' (dividend or numerator), देल सङ्ख्याके ''''भाजक'''' (divisor or denominator) आउ अभीष्ट सङ्ख्याके ''''भागफल'''' (quotient) कहल जाहे । १८ / ३ = ६ मे भाज्य = १८, भाजक = ३, भागफल=६ हे । स्पष्ट हे कि यदि भाज्य य आउ भाजक क धन [[Wp/mag/पूर्ण सङ्ख्या|पूर्ण सङ्ख्या]] हे, त भागफल ल तखिनये पूर्ण सङ्ख्या होत जखनि '''य''', '''क''' के [[Wp/mag/समापवर्तक|समापवर्तक]] होवे, किन्तु यदि '''य''' दु क्रमागत समापवर्त्य क*र आउ क*(र+१) के बीचमे हे त र के भागफल आउ (य - क*र) के शेष कहल जाहे । ई भाजन क्रियाके 'साशेष भाजन' कहल जाहे । [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणितो]]मे भाजनके अद्वितीय क्रिया हो सकहे । ई तखनि जखनि भाजक आउ भाज्य खाली एक चर य के [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] होवे आउ ई बुझल होवे कि शेषके भाजकसे कम घातके बहुपद होवेके चाही । == इहो देखी== * [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] * [[Wp/mag/शेषफल प्रमेय|शेषफल प्रमेय]] {{Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1226939}} df25qpigobaw7hxian0e2x3zkm11pij 0 3613748 6707174 2025-07-10T20:42:33Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Factorisatie.svg|right|thumb|300px|]] कौनो वस्तु (जैसे - [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]], [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] या [[Wp/mag/मेट्रिक्स|मेट्रिक्स]]) के अन्य वस्तुके [[Wp/mag/गुणनफल|गुणनफल]] (product) के रूपमे तोड़ेके क्रियाके [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]म..." 6707174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Factorisatie.svg|right|thumb|300px|]] कौनो वस्तु (जैसे - [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]], [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] या [[Wp/mag/मेट्रिक्स|मेट्रिक्स]]) के अन्य वस्तुके [[Wp/mag/गुणनफल|गुणनफल]] (product) के रूपमे तोड़ेके क्रियाके [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे '''गुणनखण्ड''' कहल जाहे । कौनो वस्तुके गुणनखण्डके परस्पर गुणा करेपर ऊ मूल वस्तु पुनः प्राप्त हो जाहे । '''उदाहरण''' लागि - :१५ = ३ x ५ एवं, :''x''² &minus; 4 = (''x'' &minus; 2) (''x'' + 2) । :<math>P(x) = x^5-x^3+69x^2-20x+16 =</math> <math>(x^3+4x^2-x+1)(x^2-4x+16)</math> गुणनखण्डके विपरीत क्रियाके '''विस्तार''' (expansion) कहल जाहे जेकरामें गुणखण्डका आपसमे गुणा करके मूल सङ्ख्या या मूल बहुपद प्राप्त कैल जाहे । == गुणखण्डनके उद्देश्य एवं प्रयोग == कौनो बड़ या जटिल वस्तुके सरल अवयवमे तोड़ल गुणनखण्ड करेके मुख्य उद्देश्य हे। जैसेकि सङ्ख्याके गुणनखण्डन करेसे अविभाज्य सङ्ख्या प्राप्त होवहे; [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]]के गुणनखण्ड करेसे ऐसन पद प्राप्त होवहे जिनखर पुनः गुणनखण्ड नै कैल जा सके । गुणनखण्डके प्रयोग सङ्ख्या या व्यञ्जक (expressions) के वर्गमूल, घनमूल आदि निकाले, उनखर [[Wp/mag/लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य|लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/महत्तम समापवर्तक|महत्तम समापवर्तक]] निकाले आदिमे होवहे । == उभयनिष्ट गुणकके पहचान == जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या या बीजीय वर्ण कौनो योगके कमसे कम दु पदमे विद्यमान होवे त ईसभ पदके निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे एक गुणनफलके रूपमे व्यक्त कैल जा सकहे जे गुणनके योगके उपर वितरण (distributivity of multiplication over the addition) पर निर्भर करहे - : <math>ab + ac = a(b + c)</math> == गुणखण्डके मुख्य प्रकार == * '''स्पष्ट गुणखण्ड''' : <math>ax+bx+cx= x.(a+b+c)</math> * '''समूह बनाकर गुणनखण्ड''' : <math> ax+ay+bx+by = (ax+ay)+(bx+by) = a.(x+y) + b.(x+y) = (a+b).(x+y)</math> * '''पूर्ण वर्ग त्रिपद''' : <math> a^2+2ab+b^2 = (a+b)^2</math> * '''वर्गान्तर''' : <math> a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)</math> * '''द्विघत त्रिपदी व्यञ्जक''' : <math> x^2+(a+b).x+(a.b) = (x+a).(x+b)</math> * '''दु वर्गके योग''' (ई वास्तविक सङ्ख्या वाला गुणनखण्डमे नै तोड़ल जा सकत किन्तु [[Wp/mag/समिश्र सङ्ख्या|समिश्र सङ्ख्या]] वाला गुणनखण्डमे तोड़ल जा सकहे : <math> a^2+b^2=(a+i.b)(a-i.b)</math> * '''सोफी-जर्मेन सर्वसमिक''' (Sophie-Germain Identity) : <math>a^4+4b^4=a^4+4a^2b^2+4b^4-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2\right)^2-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2+2ab\right)\cdot\left(a^2+2b^2-2ab\right)</math> * '''दु घनके योग''' : <math>a^3 + b^3 = (a + b) (a^2 - a b + b^2)</math> * '''दु घनके अन्तर''' : <math>a^3 - b^3 = (a - b) (a^2 + a b + b^2)</math> * '''समान घातके अन्तर''' : <math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \left(a^{n-1} + a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2+\ldots + ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math><br /><math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k b^{(n-1)-k}</math> * '''समान घातके योग''' (''n'' विषम सङ्ख्या) : <math>a^n + b^n = (a + b) \left(a^{n-1} - a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2 - \ldots - ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math> ; उपर्युक्त सूत्रके कुछ विशिष्ट अवस्था :<math> a^5 + b^5 = (a + b)(a^4 - a^3 b + a^2 b^2 - a b^3 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^5 - b^5 = (a - b)(a^4 + a^3 b + a^2 b^2 + a b^3 + b^4).\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 + b^6 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^4 - a^2 b^2 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 - b^6 = (a^3 + b^3)(a^3 - b^3) = (a + b)(a - b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)(a^2 + ab + b^2).\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 + b^7 = (a + b) (a^6 - a^5 b + a^4 b^2 - a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 - a b^5 + b^6),\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 - b^7 = (a - b)(a^6 + a^5 b + a^4 b^2 + a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 + a b^5 + b^6).\,\!</math> : <math>2^n - 1 = 2^n-1^n = (2-1)\times\left ( \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} \right )=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k</math> : <math>a^n - 1 = a^n-1^n=(a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} = (a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k</math> ===गुणनखण्डके अन्य सूत्र === :<math> \begin{align} x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy +yz+xz)\, & = (x + y+ z)^2 \\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz \,& = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz)\\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 + 3x^2(y + z) +3y^2(x+z) + 3z^2(x+y) + 6xyz \,& = (x + y+z)^3 \\ x^4 + x^2y^2 + y^4 \,& = (x^2 + xy+y^2)(x^2 - xy + y^2). \end{align} </math> == उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका == {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका}} ==इहो देखी== *[[Wp/mag/शेषफल प्रमेय|शेषफल प्रमेय]] *[[Wp/mag/मूल (फलनके)|फलनके मूल]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606004149/http://library.thinkquest.org/20991/alg/factoring.html?tqskip1=1 A page about factorization, Algebra, Factoring] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053228/http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=tool%2Falgebra%2Ffactor.en WIMS Factoris] is an online factorization tool. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181120072631/https://factoring-polynomials.com/ Polynomial Factoring] is a comprehensive tutorial resource on basic factoring of polynomials. [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] n7r3wa6z4tb4ywvu79xv8ftbskw3uzr 6707176 6707174 2025-07-10T20:42:45Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q188804]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Factorisatie.svg|right|thumb|300px|]] कौनो वस्तु (जैसे - [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]], [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] या [[Wp/mag/मेट्रिक्स|मेट्रिक्स]]) के अन्य वस्तुके [[Wp/mag/गुणनफल|गुणनफल]] (product) के रूपमे तोड़ेके क्रियाके [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे '''गुणनखण्ड''' कहल जाहे । कौनो वस्तुके गुणनखण्डके परस्पर गुणा करेपर ऊ मूल वस्तु पुनः प्राप्त हो जाहे । '''उदाहरण''' लागि - :१५ = ३ x ५ एवं, :''x''² &minus; 4 = (''x'' &minus; 2) (''x'' + 2) । :<math>P(x) = x^5-x^3+69x^2-20x+16 =</math> <math>(x^3+4x^2-x+1)(x^2-4x+16)</math> गुणनखण्डके विपरीत क्रियाके '''विस्तार''' (expansion) कहल जाहे जेकरामें गुणखण्डका आपसमे गुणा करके मूल सङ्ख्या या मूल बहुपद प्राप्त कैल जाहे । == गुणखण्डनके उद्देश्य एवं प्रयोग == कौनो बड़ या जटिल वस्तुके सरल अवयवमे तोड़ल गुणनखण्ड करेके मुख्य उद्देश्य हे। जैसेकि सङ्ख्याके गुणनखण्डन करेसे अविभाज्य सङ्ख्या प्राप्त होवहे; [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]]के गुणनखण्ड करेसे ऐसन पद प्राप्त होवहे जिनखर पुनः गुणनखण्ड नै कैल जा सके । गुणनखण्डके प्रयोग सङ्ख्या या व्यञ्जक (expressions) के वर्गमूल, घनमूल आदि निकाले, उनखर [[Wp/mag/लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य|लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/महत्तम समापवर्तक|महत्तम समापवर्तक]] निकाले आदिमे होवहे । == उभयनिष्ट गुणकके पहचान == जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या या बीजीय वर्ण कौनो योगके कमसे कम दु पदमे विद्यमान होवे त ईसभ पदके निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे एक गुणनफलके रूपमे व्यक्त कैल जा सकहे जे गुणनके योगके उपर वितरण (distributivity of multiplication over the addition) पर निर्भर करहे - : <math>ab + ac = a(b + c)</math> == गुणखण्डके मुख्य प्रकार == * '''स्पष्ट गुणखण्ड''' : <math>ax+bx+cx= x.(a+b+c)</math> * '''समूह बनाकर गुणनखण्ड''' : <math> ax+ay+bx+by = (ax+ay)+(bx+by) = a.(x+y) + b.(x+y) = (a+b).(x+y)</math> * '''पूर्ण वर्ग त्रिपद''' : <math> a^2+2ab+b^2 = (a+b)^2</math> * '''वर्गान्तर''' : <math> a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)</math> * '''द्विघत त्रिपदी व्यञ्जक''' : <math> x^2+(a+b).x+(a.b) = (x+a).(x+b)</math> * '''दु वर्गके योग''' (ई वास्तविक सङ्ख्या वाला गुणनखण्डमे नै तोड़ल जा सकत किन्तु [[Wp/mag/समिश्र सङ्ख्या|समिश्र सङ्ख्या]] वाला गुणनखण्डमे तोड़ल जा सकहे : <math> a^2+b^2=(a+i.b)(a-i.b)</math> * '''सोफी-जर्मेन सर्वसमिक''' (Sophie-Germain Identity) : <math>a^4+4b^4=a^4+4a^2b^2+4b^4-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2\right)^2-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2+2ab\right)\cdot\left(a^2+2b^2-2ab\right)</math> * '''दु घनके योग''' : <math>a^3 + b^3 = (a + b) (a^2 - a b + b^2)</math> * '''दु घनके अन्तर''' : <math>a^3 - b^3 = (a - b) (a^2 + a b + b^2)</math> * '''समान घातके अन्तर''' : <math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \left(a^{n-1} + a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2+\ldots + ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math><br /><math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k b^{(n-1)-k}</math> * '''समान घातके योग''' (''n'' विषम सङ्ख्या) : <math>a^n + b^n = (a + b) \left(a^{n-1} - a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2 - \ldots - ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math> ; उपर्युक्त सूत्रके कुछ विशिष्ट अवस्था :<math> a^5 + b^5 = (a + b)(a^4 - a^3 b + a^2 b^2 - a b^3 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^5 - b^5 = (a - b)(a^4 + a^3 b + a^2 b^2 + a b^3 + b^4).\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 + b^6 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^4 - a^2 b^2 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 - b^6 = (a^3 + b^3)(a^3 - b^3) = (a + b)(a - b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)(a^2 + ab + b^2).\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 + b^7 = (a + b) (a^6 - a^5 b + a^4 b^2 - a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 - a b^5 + b^6),\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 - b^7 = (a - b)(a^6 + a^5 b + a^4 b^2 + a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 + a b^5 + b^6).\,\!</math> : <math>2^n - 1 = 2^n-1^n = (2-1)\times\left ( \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} \right )=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k</math> : <math>a^n - 1 = a^n-1^n=(a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} = (a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k</math> ===गुणनखण्डके अन्य सूत्र === :<math> \begin{align} x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy +yz+xz)\, & = (x + y+ z)^2 \\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz \,& = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz)\\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 + 3x^2(y + z) +3y^2(x+z) + 3z^2(x+y) + 6xyz \,& = (x + y+z)^3 \\ x^4 + x^2y^2 + y^4 \,& = (x^2 + xy+y^2)(x^2 - xy + y^2). \end{align} </math> == उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका == {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका}} ==इहो देखी== *[[Wp/mag/शेषफल प्रमेय|शेषफल प्रमेय]] *[[Wp/mag/मूल (फलनके)|फलनके मूल]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606004149/http://library.thinkquest.org/20991/alg/factoring.html?tqskip1=1 A page about factorization, Algebra, Factoring] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053228/http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=tool%2Falgebra%2Ffactor.en WIMS Factoris] is an online factorization tool. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181120072631/https://factoring-polynomials.com/ Polynomial Factoring] is a comprehensive tutorial resource on basic factoring of polynomials. [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q188804}} brzyk1xz3wja2j56pja9yqkku5acs2d 6707213 6707176 2025-07-10T21:18:23Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Factorisatie.svg|right|thumb|300px|]] कौनो वस्तु (जैसे - [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]], [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] या [[Wp/mag/मेट्रिक्स|मेट्रिक्स]]) के अन्य वस्तुके [[Wp/mag/गुणनफल|गुणनफल]] (product) के रूपमे तोड़ेके क्रियाके [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे '''गुणनखण्ड''' कहल जाहे । कौनो वस्तुके गुणनखण्डके परस्पर गुणा करेपर ऊ मूल वस्तु पुनः प्राप्त हो जाहे । '''उदाहरण''' लागि - :१५ = ३ x ५ एवं, :''x''² &minus; 4 = (''x'' &minus; 2) (''x'' + 2) । :<math>P(x) = x^5-x^3+69x^2-20x+16 =</math> <math>(x^3+4x^2-x+1)(x^2-4x+16)</math> गुणनखण्डके विपरीत क्रियाके '''विस्तार''' (expansion) कहल जाहे जेकरामें गुणखण्डका आपसमे गुणा करके मूल सङ्ख्या या मूल बहुपद प्राप्त कैल जाहे । == गुणखण्डनके उद्देश्य एवं प्रयोग == कौनो बड़ या जटिल वस्तुके सरल अवयवमे तोड़ल गुणनखण्ड करेके मुख्य उद्देश्य हे। जैसेकि सङ्ख्याके गुणनखण्डन करेसे अविभाज्य सङ्ख्या प्राप्त होवहे; [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]]के गुणनखण्ड करेसे ऐसन पद प्राप्त होवहे जिनखर पुनः गुणनखण्ड नै कैल जा सके । गुणनखण्डके प्रयोग सङ्ख्या या व्यञ्जक (expressions) के वर्गमूल, घनमूल आदि निकाले, उनखर [[Wp/mag/लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य|लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/महत्तम समापवर्तक|महत्तम समापवर्तक]] निकाले आदिमे होवहे । == उभयनिष्ट गुणकके पहचान == जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या या बीजीय वर्ण कौनो योगके कमसे कम दु पदमे विद्यमान होवे त ईसभ पदके निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे एक गुणनफलके रूपमे व्यक्त कैल जा सकहे जे गुणनके योगके उपर वितरण (distributivity of multiplication over the addition) पर निर्भर करहे - : <math>ab + ac = a(b + c)</math> == गुणखण्डके मुख्य प्रकार == * '''स्पष्ट गुणखण्ड''' : <math>ax+bx+cx= x.(a+b+c)</math> * '''समूह बनाकर गुणनखण्ड''' : <math> ax+ay+bx+by = (ax+ay)+(bx+by) = a.(x+y) + b.(x+y) = (a+b).(x+y)</math> * '''पूर्ण वर्ग त्रिपद''' : <math> a^2+2ab+b^2 = (a+b)^2</math> * '''वर्गान्तर''' : <math> a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)</math> * '''द्विघत त्रिपदी व्यञ्जक''' : <math> x^2+(a+b).x+(a.b) = (x+a).(x+b)</math> * '''दु वर्गके योग''' (ई वास्तविक सङ्ख्या वाला गुणनखण्डमे नै तोड़ल जा सकत किन्तु [[Wp/mag/समिश्र सङ्ख्या|समिश्र सङ्ख्या]] वाला गुणनखण्डमे तोड़ल जा सकहे : <math> a^2+b^2=(a+i.b)(a-i.b)</math> * '''सोफी-जर्मेन सर्वसमिक''' (Sophie-Germain Identity) : <math>a^4+4b^4=a^4+4a^2b^2+4b^4-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2\right)^2-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2+2ab\right)\cdot\left(a^2+2b^2-2ab\right)</math> * '''दु घनके योग''' : <math>a^3 + b^3 = (a + b) (a^2 - a b + b^2)</math> * '''दु घनके अन्तर''' : <math>a^3 - b^3 = (a - b) (a^2 + a b + b^2)</math> * '''समान घातके अन्तर''' : <math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \left(a^{n-1} + a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2+\ldots + ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math><br /><math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k b^{(n-1)-k}</math> * '''समान घातके योग''' (''n'' विषम सङ्ख्या) : <math>a^n + b^n = (a + b) \left(a^{n-1} - a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2 - \ldots - ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math> ; उपर्युक्त सूत्रके कुछ विशिष्ट अवस्था :<math> a^5 + b^5 = (a + b)(a^4 - a^3 b + a^2 b^2 - a b^3 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^5 - b^5 = (a - b)(a^4 + a^3 b + a^2 b^2 + a b^3 + b^4).\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 + b^6 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^4 - a^2 b^2 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 - b^6 = (a^3 + b^3)(a^3 - b^3) = (a + b)(a - b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)(a^2 + ab + b^2).\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 + b^7 = (a + b) (a^6 - a^5 b + a^4 b^2 - a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 - a b^5 + b^6),\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 - b^7 = (a - b)(a^6 + a^5 b + a^4 b^2 + a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 + a b^5 + b^6).\,\!</math> : <math>2^n - 1 = 2^n-1^n = (2-1)\times\left ( \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} \right )=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k</math> : <math>a^n - 1 = a^n-1^n=(a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} = (a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k</math> ===गुणनखण्डके अन्य सूत्र === :<math> \begin{align} x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy +yz+xz)\, & = (x + y+ z)^2 \\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz \,& = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz)\\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 + 3x^2(y + z) +3y^2(x+z) + 3z^2(x+y) + 6xyz \,& = (x + y+z)^3 \\ x^4 + x^2y^2 + y^4 \,& = (x^2 + xy+y^2)(x^2 - xy + y^2). \end{align} </math> == उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका == {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका}} ==इहो देखी== *[[Wp/mag/शेषफल प्रमेय|शेषफल प्रमेय]] *[[Wp/mag/मूल (फलनके)|फलनके मूल]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606004149/http://library.thinkquest.org/20991/alg/factoring.html?tqskip1=1 A page about factorization, Algebra, Factoring] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053228/http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=tool%2Falgebra%2Ffactor.en WIMS Factoris] is an online factorization tool. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181120072631/https://factoring-polynomials.com/ Polynomial Factoring] is a comprehensive tutorial resource on basic factoring of polynomials. [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] n7r3wa6z4tb4ywvu79xv8ftbskw3uzr 6707214 6707213 2025-07-10T21:19:12Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q188804]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707214 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Factorisatie.svg|right|thumb|300px|]] कौनो वस्तु (जैसे - [[Wp/mag/सङ्ख्या|सङ्ख्या]], [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]] या [[Wp/mag/मेट्रिक्स|मेट्रिक्स]]) के अन्य वस्तुके [[Wp/mag/गुणनफल|गुणनफल]] (product) के रूपमे तोड़ेके क्रियाके [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे '''गुणनखण्ड''' कहल जाहे । कौनो वस्तुके गुणनखण्डके परस्पर गुणा करेपर ऊ मूल वस्तु पुनः प्राप्त हो जाहे । '''उदाहरण''' लागि - :१५ = ३ x ५ एवं, :''x''² &minus; 4 = (''x'' &minus; 2) (''x'' + 2) । :<math>P(x) = x^5-x^3+69x^2-20x+16 =</math> <math>(x^3+4x^2-x+1)(x^2-4x+16)</math> गुणनखण्डके विपरीत क्रियाके '''विस्तार''' (expansion) कहल जाहे जेकरामें गुणखण्डका आपसमे गुणा करके मूल सङ्ख्या या मूल बहुपद प्राप्त कैल जाहे । == गुणखण्डनके उद्देश्य एवं प्रयोग == कौनो बड़ या जटिल वस्तुके सरल अवयवमे तोड़ल गुणनखण्ड करेके मुख्य उद्देश्य हे। जैसेकि सङ्ख्याके गुणनखण्डन करेसे अविभाज्य सङ्ख्या प्राप्त होवहे; [[Wp/mag/बहुपद|बहुपद]]के गुणनखण्ड करेसे ऐसन पद प्राप्त होवहे जिनखर पुनः गुणनखण्ड नै कैल जा सके । गुणनखण्डके प्रयोग सङ्ख्या या व्यञ्जक (expressions) के वर्गमूल, घनमूल आदि निकाले, उनखर [[Wp/mag/लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य|लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य]] आउ [[Wp/mag/महत्तम समापवर्तक|महत्तम समापवर्तक]] निकाले आदिमे होवहे । == उभयनिष्ट गुणकके पहचान == जखनि कौनो सङ्ख्या या बीजीय वर्ण कौनो योगके कमसे कम दु पदमे विद्यमान होवे त ईसभ पदके निम्नलिखित प्रकारसे एक गुणनफलके रूपमे व्यक्त कैल जा सकहे जे गुणनके योगके उपर वितरण (distributivity of multiplication over the addition) पर निर्भर करहे - : <math>ab + ac = a(b + c)</math> == गुणखण्डके मुख्य प्रकार == * '''स्पष्ट गुणखण्ड''' : <math>ax+bx+cx= x.(a+b+c)</math> * '''समूह बनाकर गुणनखण्ड''' : <math> ax+ay+bx+by = (ax+ay)+(bx+by) = a.(x+y) + b.(x+y) = (a+b).(x+y)</math> * '''पूर्ण वर्ग त्रिपद''' : <math> a^2+2ab+b^2 = (a+b)^2</math> * '''वर्गान्तर''' : <math> a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)</math> * '''द्विघत त्रिपदी व्यञ्जक''' : <math> x^2+(a+b).x+(a.b) = (x+a).(x+b)</math> * '''दु वर्गके योग''' (ई वास्तविक सङ्ख्या वाला गुणनखण्डमे नै तोड़ल जा सकत किन्तु [[Wp/mag/समिश्र सङ्ख्या|समिश्र सङ्ख्या]] वाला गुणनखण्डमे तोड़ल जा सकहे : <math> a^2+b^2=(a+i.b)(a-i.b)</math> * '''सोफी-जर्मेन सर्वसमिक''' (Sophie-Germain Identity) : <math>a^4+4b^4=a^4+4a^2b^2+4b^4-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2\right)^2-(2ab)^2=\left(a^2+2b^2+2ab\right)\cdot\left(a^2+2b^2-2ab\right)</math> * '''दु घनके योग''' : <math>a^3 + b^3 = (a + b) (a^2 - a b + b^2)</math> * '''दु घनके अन्तर''' : <math>a^3 - b^3 = (a - b) (a^2 + a b + b^2)</math> * '''समान घातके अन्तर''' : <math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \left(a^{n-1} + a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2+\ldots + ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math><br /><math>a^n - b^n = (a - b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k b^{(n-1)-k}</math> * '''समान घातके योग''' (''n'' विषम सङ्ख्या) : <math>a^n + b^n = (a + b) \left(a^{n-1} - a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^2 - \ldots - ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1}\right)</math> ; उपर्युक्त सूत्रके कुछ विशिष्ट अवस्था :<math> a^5 + b^5 = (a + b)(a^4 - a^3 b + a^2 b^2 - a b^3 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^5 - b^5 = (a - b)(a^4 + a^3 b + a^2 b^2 + a b^3 + b^4).\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 + b^6 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^4 - a^2 b^2 + b^4),\,\!</math> :<math> a^6 - b^6 = (a^3 + b^3)(a^3 - b^3) = (a + b)(a - b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)(a^2 + ab + b^2).\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 + b^7 = (a + b) (a^6 - a^5 b + a^4 b^2 - a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 - a b^5 + b^6),\,\!</math> :<math> a^7 - b^7 = (a - b)(a^6 + a^5 b + a^4 b^2 + a^3 b^3 + a^2 b^4 + a b^5 + b^6).\,\!</math> : <math>2^n - 1 = 2^n-1^n = (2-1)\times\left ( \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} \right )=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} 2^k</math> : <math>a^n - 1 = a^n-1^n=(a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k\times1^{(n-1)-k} = (a-1) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^k</math> ===गुणनखण्डके अन्य सूत्र === :<math> \begin{align} x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy +yz+xz)\, & = (x + y+ z)^2 \\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz \,& = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz)\\ x^3 + y^3 + z^3 + 3x^2(y + z) +3y^2(x+z) + 3z^2(x+y) + 6xyz \,& = (x + y+z)^3 \\ x^4 + x^2y^2 + y^4 \,& = (x^2 + xy+y^2)(x^2 - xy + y^2). \end{align} </math> == उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका == {{Wp/mag/मुख्य|उल्लेखनीय सर्वसमिका}} ==इहो देखी== *[[Wp/mag/शेषफल प्रमेय|शेषफल प्रमेय]] *[[Wp/mag/मूल (फलनके)|फलनके मूल]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606004149/http://library.thinkquest.org/20991/alg/factoring.html?tqskip1=1 A page about factorization, Algebra, Factoring] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053228/http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=tool%2Falgebra%2Ffactor.en WIMS Factoris] is an online factorization tool. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181120072631/https://factoring-polynomials.com/ Polynomial Factoring] is a comprehensive tutorial resource on basic factoring of polynomials. [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/अङ्कगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q188804}} brzyk1xz3wja2j56pja9yqkku5acs2d 0 3613749 6707177 2025-07-10T20:43:06Z 787IYO 2570943 Created page with "'''Eganlakeba''' yekpe egan nana yi '''Sentence'''. <ref> Roger Blench, 2009: Nupe Dictionary. Http://Roger Blench.info/RBOP.htm. Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 </ref> <ref>https://ibibrahim.blogspot.com/2013/11/book-review-nupe-heritage-dictionary.html?m=1</ref> ==Eri== * Ah man Sultan tswafo gbanwo. ==Santatun== [[Category:Wt/nup]]" 6707177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eganlakeba''' yekpe egan nana yi '''Sentence'''. <ref> Roger Blench, 2009: Nupe Dictionary. Http://Roger Blench.info/RBOP.htm. Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 </ref> <ref>https://ibibrahim.blogspot.com/2013/11/book-review-nupe-heritage-dictionary.html?m=1</ref> ==Eri== * Ah man Sultan tswafo gbanwo. ==Santatun== [[Category:Wt/nup]] hluc5oim8giajwcvrsbci4w78w7wekf 0 3613750 6707182 2025-07-10T20:46:24Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो '''फलनके मूल''' ऊ सङ्ख्या होवहे जेतकरा पर ऊ [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के मान शून्य हो जाहे । एकरा 'फलनके शून्य' या 'फलनके हल' भी कहल जाहे । कौनो फलनके शून्य, एक या एकसे अधिक, मूल हो सकह..." 6707182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो '''फलनके मूल''' ऊ सङ्ख्या होवहे जेतकरा पर ऊ [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के मान शून्य हो जाहे । एकरा 'फलनके शून्य' या 'फलनके हल' भी कहल जाहे । कौनो फलनके शून्य, एक या एकसे अधिक, मूल हो सकहे । उदाहरण लागि निम्नलिखित फलनके देखी - :<math> f(x)=x^2-6x+9 \, । </math> फलन ƒ के एक मूल '''3''' हे काहेकि x=3 लागि फलनके मान निकालेपर शून्य प्राप्त होवहे । :<math> f(3) = 3^2 - 6(3) + 9 = 0 ।\ </math> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/मूल (सङ्ख्याके)|मूल (सङ्ख्याके)]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रारम्भिक गणित]] 9sbddigz7dm31y0ubjf4g8iflhwa5y0 6707183 6707182 2025-07-10T20:46:35Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q214604]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो '''फलनके मूल''' ऊ सङ्ख्या होवहे जेतकरा पर ऊ [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के मान शून्य हो जाहे । एकरा 'फलनके शून्य' या 'फलनके हल' भी कहल जाहे । कौनो फलनके शून्य, एक या एकसे अधिक, मूल हो सकहे । उदाहरण लागि निम्नलिखित फलनके देखी - :<math> f(x)=x^2-6x+9 \, । </math> फलन ƒ के एक मूल '''3''' हे काहेकि x=3 लागि फलनके मान निकालेपर शून्य प्राप्त होवहे । :<math> f(3) = 3^2 - 6(3) + 9 = 0 ।\ </math> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/मूल (सङ्ख्याके)|मूल (सङ्ख्याके)]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रारम्भिक गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q214604}} jh97mfr36syecuzul0n6ihalitn4d3y 6707185 6707183 2025-07-10T20:46:49Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 ऐक्टिवेटेड् moved page [[Wp/mag/मूल (फलनके)]] to [[Wp/mag/फलनके मूल]] 6707183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो '''फलनके मूल''' ऊ सङ्ख्या होवहे जेतकरा पर ऊ [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के मान शून्य हो जाहे । एकरा 'फलनके शून्य' या 'फलनके हल' भी कहल जाहे । कौनो फलनके शून्य, एक या एकसे अधिक, मूल हो सकहे । उदाहरण लागि निम्नलिखित फलनके देखी - :<math> f(x)=x^2-6x+9 \, । </math> फलन ƒ के एक मूल '''3''' हे काहेकि x=3 लागि फलनके मान निकालेपर शून्य प्राप्त होवहे । :<math> f(3) = 3^2 - 6(3) + 9 = 0 ।\ </math> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/मूल (सङ्ख्याके)|मूल (सङ्ख्याके)]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रारम्भिक गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q214604}} jh97mfr36syecuzul0n6ihalitn4d3y 0 3613751 6707186 2025-07-10T20:46:49Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 ऐक्टिवेटेड् moved page [[Wp/mag/मूल (फलनके)]] to [[Wp/mag/फलनके मूल]] 6707186 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/फलनके मूल]] t5l9cnc669duujt7a6of9u9h1xtdpdj 14 3613753 6707189 2025-07-10T20:48:38Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]]" 6707189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] c8158a2qagko4luw0uh0cpfnyuj5iyo 6707190 6707189 2025-07-10T20:48:48Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q9977143]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9977143}} 016bevcof9s591bqzyos6yvyj2sms1j 0 3613754 6707193 2025-07-10T20:58:32Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Function illustration.svg|200px|thumb|''X'' के कौनो सदस्यके ''Y'' के केवल एक सदस्यसे सम्बन्ध होवे त ऊ फलन हे अन्यथा न । ''Y''' के कुछ सदस्यके '''X''' के कौनो सदस्यसे सम्बन्ध '''न'''हियो होवे पर फलन परिभाषित हे ।]] Wp/mag/गणित|गणि..." 6707193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Function illustration.svg|200px|thumb|''X'' के कौनो सदस्यके ''Y'' के केवल एक सदस्यसे सम्बन्ध होवे त ऊ फलन हे अन्यथा न । ''Y''' के कुछ सदस्यके '''X''' के कौनो सदस्यसे सम्बन्ध '''न'''हियो होवे पर फलन परिभाषित हे ।]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे जखनि कौनो राशिके मान कौनो एक या एकाधिक राशिके मान पर निर्भर करहे त ई सङ्कल्पनाके व्यक्त करेला '''फलन''' शब्दके प्रयोग कैल जाहे । उदाहरण लागि कौनो ऋण पर [[Wp/mag/चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज|चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज]]के राशि [[Wp/mag/मूलधन|मूलधन]], [[Wp/mag/समय|समय]] एवं ब्याजके दर पर निर्भर करहे; एहिसे गणितके भाषामे कह सकही कि चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज, मूलधन, ब्याजके दर आउ समयके फलन हे । स्पष्ट हे कि कौनो फलनके साथे दु प्रकारके राशि सम्बन्धित होवहे - * एक ऊ जिनखर मान ज्ञात होवहे, या देल गेल होवहे - इनका [[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर|स्वतन्त्र चर]], argument या [[Wp/mag/इन्पुट|इन्पुट]] कहल जाहे; * दोसर ऊ जेकर मानके गणना करेला होवहे, या जेकर मान निकालेला होवहे -[[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर|परतन्त्र चर]], फलनके मान या [[Wp/mag/आउटपुट|आउटपुट]] कहल जाहे । चर राशिके एक देल मानला फलनके एक आउ खाली एक मान होवहे । फलनके सङ्कल्पना (कान्सेप्ट) गणितके सबसे मूल एवं महत्वपूर्ण सङ्कल्पनामे से एक हे । फलनके सङ्कल्पनाके विकास एकाएक नै भेल बल्कि एकर विकास कौनो दु सौ वर्षमे धीरे-धीरे भेलै आउ अखनियो जारी हे । दु राशिके सम्बन्ध देखावैत एक सूची, एक सूत्र (फार्मूला) आउ एल्गोरिद्म आदि फलनके कुछ उदाहरण हे । '''फलन''' के औपचारिक परिभाषा [[Wp/mag/कार्तीय गुणन|कार्तीय गुणन]] (Cartesian product) के आधार पर देल जाहे ताकि कौनो प्रकारके अनिश्चितता या सन्दिग्धता न रहे । दु समुच्चय ''X'' आउ ''Y'' के कार्तीय गुणन सभ [[Wp/mag/क्रमित युग्म|क्रमित युग्म]] (''x'', ''y'') के समुच्चय हे, जन्ने ''x'' सदस्य हे ''X'' के, एवं ''y'' सदस्य हे ''Y'' के । ''x'' आउ ''y'' के 'क्रमित युग्मके अवयव' कहल जाहे । ''X'' आउ ''Y'' के कार्तीय गुणनके ''X'' &times; ''Y'' द्वारा निरूपित कैल जाेह । ''X'' से ''Y'' पर फलन ''f'' कार्तीय गुणनफल ''X'' &times; ''Y'' के [[Wp/mag/उपसमुच्चय|उपसमुच्चय]] हे, बशर्ते निम्नलिखित शर्तके पालन होवहे : ''X'' के प्रत्येक अवयव उपसमुच्चयके '''एक आउ खाली एक''' क्रमित युग्मके प्रथम अवयव हे ।<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=A. G. |title=Numbers, sets, and axioms: the apparatus of mathematics |page=83 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-24509-5 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OXfmTHXvRXMC&pg=PA83&dq=%22function+is+a+relation%22 |access-date=28 जून 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224037/http://books.google.com/books?id=OXfmTHXvRXMC&pg=PA83&dq=%22function+is+a+relation%22 |archive-date=28 मार्च 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> दोसर शब्दमे ''X'' के प्रत्येक अवयव ''x'' लागि खाली एक अवयव ''y'' ऐसन हे कि क्रमित युग्म (''x'', ''y'') फलन ''f'' के पारिभाषित करेवाला उपसमुच्चयके सदस्य हे । == फलनके निरूपण == [[File:Graph of example function.svg|thumb|250px|फलनके ग्राफीय निरूपण <br /> <math>\begin{align}&\scriptstyle f \colon [-1,1.5] \to [-1,1.5] \\ &\textstyle x \mapsto \frac{(4x^3-6x^2+1)\sqrt{x+1}}{3-x}\end{align}</math>]] फलनके भिन्न-भिन्न विधिसे निरूपित (व्यक्त) कैल जाहे । एकरामे से कुछ विधि ई प्रकार हे: ;(१) पदके रूपमे :: <math>x^2</math> ;(२) समीकरणके रूपमे :: <math>f(x)=x^2</math> ;(३) गणना-विधिके रूपमे :: <math>x\mapsto x^2</math> ;(४) मानके तालिका के रूपमे ::{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px double black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | <math>x</math> | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 1 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 2 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 3 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 4 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 5 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 6 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-bottom:1px solid black" | … |- | align="right" style="border-right:1px double black" | <math>y</math> | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 1 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 4 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 9 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 16 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 25 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 36 | align="right" | … |} '''(५) एक सम्बन्धके रूपमे''' - जैसन कि नीचे [[Wp/mag/क्रमित युग्म|क्रमित युग्म]]के समुच्चयके रूपमे दर्शावल गेलै हे । :: <math>f = \{(1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16),\ldots\}</math> '''(६) दोसरा फलनके फलनके रूपमें''' (जैसे व्युक्रम या इनवर्स फलन) :: : <math>f = (g^\prime\circ h)^{-1}</math> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर|परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर]] * [[Wp/mag/प्रतिचित्रण|प्रतिचित्रण]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010025724/http://functions.wolfram.com/ The Wolfram Functions Site] gives formulae and visualizations of many mathematical functions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190736/http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/FunctionFlyer/ Shodor: Function Flyer], interactive Java applet for graphing and exploring functions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010084601/http://math.hws.edu/xFunctions/ xFunctions], a Java applet for exploring functions graphically. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011001503/http://rechneronline.de/function-graphs/ Draw Function Graphs], online drawing program for mathematical functions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071108075421/http://www.cut-the-knot.org/do_you_know/FunctionMain.shtml Functions] from [[Wp/mag/Cut-the-knot|cut-the-knot]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172441/http://apronus.com/provenmath/cartesian.htm Function at ProvenMath]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190502025947/http://curvas21.blogspot.com/ Curvas]. {{Wp/mag/फलन}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] 4ihytp01ergcsbe1747mcag3nb14g5l 6707194 6707193 2025-07-10T20:58:44Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q11348]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Function illustration.svg|200px|thumb|''X'' के कौनो सदस्यके ''Y'' के केवल एक सदस्यसे सम्बन्ध होवे त ऊ फलन हे अन्यथा न । ''Y''' के कुछ सदस्यके '''X''' के कौनो सदस्यसे सम्बन्ध '''न'''हियो होवे पर फलन परिभाषित हे ।]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे जखनि कौनो राशिके मान कौनो एक या एकाधिक राशिके मान पर निर्भर करहे त ई सङ्कल्पनाके व्यक्त करेला '''फलन''' शब्दके प्रयोग कैल जाहे । उदाहरण लागि कौनो ऋण पर [[Wp/mag/चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज|चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज]]के राशि [[Wp/mag/मूलधन|मूलधन]], [[Wp/mag/समय|समय]] एवं ब्याजके दर पर निर्भर करहे; एहिसे गणितके भाषामे कह सकही कि चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज, मूलधन, ब्याजके दर आउ समयके फलन हे । स्पष्ट हे कि कौनो फलनके साथे दु प्रकारके राशि सम्बन्धित होवहे - * एक ऊ जिनखर मान ज्ञात होवहे, या देल गेल होवहे - इनका [[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर|स्वतन्त्र चर]], argument या [[Wp/mag/इन्पुट|इन्पुट]] कहल जाहे; * दोसर ऊ जेकर मानके गणना करेला होवहे, या जेकर मान निकालेला होवहे -[[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर|परतन्त्र चर]], फलनके मान या [[Wp/mag/आउटपुट|आउटपुट]] कहल जाहे । चर राशिके एक देल मानला फलनके एक आउ खाली एक मान होवहे । फलनके सङ्कल्पना (कान्सेप्ट) गणितके सबसे मूल एवं महत्वपूर्ण सङ्कल्पनामे से एक हे । फलनके सङ्कल्पनाके विकास एकाएक नै भेल बल्कि एकर विकास कौनो दु सौ वर्षमे धीरे-धीरे भेलै आउ अखनियो जारी हे । दु राशिके सम्बन्ध देखावैत एक सूची, एक सूत्र (फार्मूला) आउ एल्गोरिद्म आदि फलनके कुछ उदाहरण हे । '''फलन''' के औपचारिक परिभाषा [[Wp/mag/कार्तीय गुणन|कार्तीय गुणन]] (Cartesian product) के आधार पर देल जाहे ताकि कौनो प्रकारके अनिश्चितता या सन्दिग्धता न रहे । दु समुच्चय ''X'' आउ ''Y'' के कार्तीय गुणन सभ [[Wp/mag/क्रमित युग्म|क्रमित युग्म]] (''x'', ''y'') के समुच्चय हे, जन्ने ''x'' सदस्य हे ''X'' के, एवं ''y'' सदस्य हे ''Y'' के । ''x'' आउ ''y'' के 'क्रमित युग्मके अवयव' कहल जाहे । ''X'' आउ ''Y'' के कार्तीय गुणनके ''X'' &times; ''Y'' द्वारा निरूपित कैल जाेह । ''X'' से ''Y'' पर फलन ''f'' कार्तीय गुणनफल ''X'' &times; ''Y'' के [[Wp/mag/उपसमुच्चय|उपसमुच्चय]] हे, बशर्ते निम्नलिखित शर्तके पालन होवहे : ''X'' के प्रत्येक अवयव उपसमुच्चयके '''एक आउ खाली एक''' क्रमित युग्मके प्रथम अवयव हे ।<ref>{{Wp/mag/Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=A. G. |title=Numbers, sets, and axioms: the apparatus of mathematics |page=83 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-24509-5 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OXfmTHXvRXMC&pg=PA83&dq=%22function+is+a+relation%22 |access-date=28 जून 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224037/http://books.google.com/books?id=OXfmTHXvRXMC&pg=PA83&dq=%22function+is+a+relation%22 |archive-date=28 मार्च 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> दोसर शब्दमे ''X'' के प्रत्येक अवयव ''x'' लागि खाली एक अवयव ''y'' ऐसन हे कि क्रमित युग्म (''x'', ''y'') फलन ''f'' के पारिभाषित करेवाला उपसमुच्चयके सदस्य हे । == फलनके निरूपण == [[File:Graph of example function.svg|thumb|250px|फलनके ग्राफीय निरूपण <br /> <math>\begin{align}&\scriptstyle f \colon [-1,1.5] \to [-1,1.5] \\ &\textstyle x \mapsto \frac{(4x^3-6x^2+1)\sqrt{x+1}}{3-x}\end{align}</math>]] फलनके भिन्न-भिन्न विधिसे निरूपित (व्यक्त) कैल जाहे । एकरामे से कुछ विधि ई प्रकार हे: ;(१) पदके रूपमे :: <math>x^2</math> ;(२) समीकरणके रूपमे :: <math>f(x)=x^2</math> ;(३) गणना-विधिके रूपमे :: <math>x\mapsto x^2</math> ;(४) मानके तालिका के रूपमे ::{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px double black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | <math>x</math> | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 1 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 2 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 3 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 4 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 5 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-right:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black" | 6 | align="right" style="width:2ex; border-bottom:1px solid black" | … |- | align="right" style="border-right:1px double black" | <math>y</math> | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 1 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 4 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 9 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 16 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 25 | align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black" | 36 | align="right" | … |} '''(५) एक सम्बन्धके रूपमे''' - जैसन कि नीचे [[Wp/mag/क्रमित युग्म|क्रमित युग्म]]के समुच्चयके रूपमे दर्शावल गेलै हे । :: <math>f = \{(1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16),\ldots\}</math> '''(६) दोसरा फलनके फलनके रूपमें''' (जैसे व्युक्रम या इनवर्स फलन) :: : <math>f = (g^\prime\circ h)^{-1}</math> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर|परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर]] * [[Wp/mag/प्रतिचित्रण|प्रतिचित्रण]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010025724/http://functions.wolfram.com/ The Wolfram Functions Site] gives formulae and visualizations of many mathematical functions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190736/http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/FunctionFlyer/ Shodor: Function Flyer], interactive Java applet for graphing and exploring functions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010084601/http://math.hws.edu/xFunctions/ xFunctions], a Java applet for exploring functions graphically. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011001503/http://rechneronline.de/function-graphs/ Draw Function Graphs], online drawing program for mathematical functions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071108075421/http://www.cut-the-knot.org/do_you_know/FunctionMain.shtml Functions] from [[Wp/mag/Cut-the-knot|cut-the-knot]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172441/http://apronus.com/provenmath/cartesian.htm Function at ProvenMath]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190502025947/http://curvas21.blogspot.com/ Curvas]. {{Wp/mag/फलन}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन आउ प्रतिचित्रण|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11348}} kxho33nmb32frhpyw2roiclltes8bhf 10 3613755 6707195 2025-07-10T21:01:26Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with " {{Wp/mag/Navbox |name = फलन |state = <includeonly>collapsed</includeonly> |title = [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] |image = [[Image:Cubicpoly.svg|200px]] |above = |group1 = प्रकार |list1 = [[Wp/mag/वैश्लेषिक फलन|वैश्लेषिक]] • [[Wp/mag/एकैकी आच्छादन|एकैकी आच्छादन]] • [[Wp/mag/अवमुख फलन|अवमुख]] • Wp/mag/Função divis..." 6707195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Navbox |name = फलन |state = <includeonly>collapsed</includeonly> |title = [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] |image = [[Image:Cubicpoly.svg|200px]] |above = |group1 = प्रकार |list1 = [[Wp/mag/वैश्लेषिक फलन|वैश्लेषिक]] • [[Wp/mag/एकैकी आच्छादन|एकैकी आच्छादन]] • [[Wp/mag/अवमुख फलन|अवमुख]] • [[Wp/mag/Função divisor|Divisor]] • [[Wp/mag/प्रारम्भिक फलन|प्रारम्भिक]] • [[Wp/mag/चरघाताङ्की फलन|चरघाताङ्की]] • [[Wp/mag/फैक्टोरियल|फैक्टोरियल]] • [[Wp/mag/तत्समक फलन|तत्समक]] • [[Wp/mag/आविष्टि प्रतिचित्र|आविष्टि]] • [[Wp/mag/सर्वत्र वैश्लेषिक फलन|सर्वत्र वैश्लेषिक]] • [[Wp/mag/प्रतिलोम फलन|प्रतिलोम]] • [[Wp/mag/पुनरावृत्त फलन|पुनरावृत्त]] • [[Wp/mag/परिबद्ध फलन|परिबद्ध]] • [[Wp/mag/शेबीशेव समाकलन|शेबीशेव समाकलन]] • [[Wp/mag/लघुगणक|लघुगणक]] • [[Wp/mag/प्राकृतिक लघुगणक|प्राकृतिक लघुगणक]] • [[Wp/mag/एकदिष्ट फलन|एकदिष्ट (मोनोटोनस)]] • [[Wp/mag/आंशिक फलन|आंशिक]] • [[Wp/mag/बहुपद फलन|बहुपदीय]] • [[Wp/mag/लांबिक फलन|लांबिक फलन]] • [[Wp/mag/पृथक्मान फलन|पृथक्मान (सरल फलन)]] • [[Wp/mag/चिह्न फलन|चिह्न फलन]] • [[Wp/mag/आच्छादी फलन|आच्छादी]] • [[Wp/mag/मसृण फलन|मसृण फलन (smooth function)]] |group2 = [[Wp/mag/त्रिकोणमितीय फलन|त्रिकोणमितीय]] |list2 = [[Wp/mag/ज्या|ज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/कोज्या|कोज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/स्पर्शज्या|स्पर्शज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/व्युस्पर्शज्या|व्युस्पर्शज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/सेकैण्ट|सेकैण्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/कोसेकैण्ट|कोसेकैण्ट]] |group3 = [[Wp/mag/अतिपरवलयिक फलन|अतिपरवलयिक]] |list3 = [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक साइन|हाइपरबोलिक साइन]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक कोसाइन|हाइपरबोलिक कोसाइन]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक टैन्जेन्ट|हाइपरबोलिक टैन्जेन्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक कोटैञ्जेण्ट|हाइपरबोलिक कोटैञ्जेण्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक सेकैण्ट|हाइपरबोलिक सेकैण्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक कोसेकैण्ट|हाइपरबोलिक कोसेकैण्ट]] |group4 = नामी फलन |list4 = [[Wp/mag/आकरमान फलन|आकरमान]] • [[Wp/mag/बेसल फलन|बेसेल]] • [[Wp/mag/डिरिचलेट फलन|डिरिचलेट]] • [[Wp/mag/गामा फलन|गामा]] • [[Wp/mag/हेवीसाइड फलन|हेवीसाइड]] • [[Wp/mag/Função de Mertens|Mertens]] • [[Wp/mag/Função de Möbius|Möbius]] • [[Wp/mag/Função de Weierstrass|Weierstrass]] |group5 = सङ्कल्पना |list5 = [[Wp/mag/Assintota|Assimptota/Assíntota]] • [[Wp/mag/वक्र|वक्र]] • [[Wp/mag/अवकलन|अवकलन]] • [[Wp/mag/Espaço funcional|Espaço funcional]] • [[Wp/mag/Espaço Lp|Espaço Lp]] • [[Wp/mag/Gráfico de uma função|Gráficos]] • [[Wp/mag/समाकलन|समाकलन]] • [[Wp/mag/सीमा|सीमा]] • [[Wp/mag/Função injectiva|Injectividade]] • [[Wp/mag/Parte inteira|Parte inteira]] • [[Wp/mag/Primitiva|Primitiva]] • [[Wp/mag/Projeção (matemática)|Projeção]] • [[Wp/mag/Reta|Reta]] |group6= अर्थशास्त्र सम्बन्धी | list6= [[Wp/mag/माङ्ग|माङ्ग]] • [[Wp/mag/आपूर्ति|आपूर्ति]] • [[Wp/mag/उपयोगिता|उपयोगिता]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> jpsqkh7iq3t07iqsybjwgogvav4ebbx 6707196 6707195 2025-07-10T21:01:37Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q25773079]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/Navbox |name = फलन |state = <includeonly>collapsed</includeonly> |title = [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] |image = [[Image:Cubicpoly.svg|200px]] |above = |group1 = प्रकार |list1 = [[Wp/mag/वैश्लेषिक फलन|वैश्लेषिक]] • [[Wp/mag/एकैकी आच्छादन|एकैकी आच्छादन]] • [[Wp/mag/अवमुख फलन|अवमुख]] • [[Wp/mag/Função divisor|Divisor]] • [[Wp/mag/प्रारम्भिक फलन|प्रारम्भिक]] • [[Wp/mag/चरघाताङ्की फलन|चरघाताङ्की]] • [[Wp/mag/फैक्टोरियल|फैक्टोरियल]] • [[Wp/mag/तत्समक फलन|तत्समक]] • [[Wp/mag/आविष्टि प्रतिचित्र|आविष्टि]] • [[Wp/mag/सर्वत्र वैश्लेषिक फलन|सर्वत्र वैश्लेषिक]] • [[Wp/mag/प्रतिलोम फलन|प्रतिलोम]] • [[Wp/mag/पुनरावृत्त फलन|पुनरावृत्त]] • [[Wp/mag/परिबद्ध फलन|परिबद्ध]] • [[Wp/mag/शेबीशेव समाकलन|शेबीशेव समाकलन]] • [[Wp/mag/लघुगणक|लघुगणक]] • [[Wp/mag/प्राकृतिक लघुगणक|प्राकृतिक लघुगणक]] • [[Wp/mag/एकदिष्ट फलन|एकदिष्ट (मोनोटोनस)]] • [[Wp/mag/आंशिक फलन|आंशिक]] • [[Wp/mag/बहुपद फलन|बहुपदीय]] • [[Wp/mag/लांबिक फलन|लांबिक फलन]] • [[Wp/mag/पृथक्मान फलन|पृथक्मान (सरल फलन)]] • [[Wp/mag/चिह्न फलन|चिह्न फलन]] • [[Wp/mag/आच्छादी फलन|आच्छादी]] • [[Wp/mag/मसृण फलन|मसृण फलन (smooth function)]] |group2 = [[Wp/mag/त्रिकोणमितीय फलन|त्रिकोणमितीय]] |list2 = [[Wp/mag/ज्या|ज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/कोज्या|कोज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/स्पर्शज्या|स्पर्शज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/व्युस्पर्शज्या|व्युस्पर्शज्या]] • [[Wp/mag/सेकैण्ट|सेकैण्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/कोसेकैण्ट|कोसेकैण्ट]] |group3 = [[Wp/mag/अतिपरवलयिक फलन|अतिपरवलयिक]] |list3 = [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक साइन|हाइपरबोलिक साइन]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक कोसाइन|हाइपरबोलिक कोसाइन]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक टैन्जेन्ट|हाइपरबोलिक टैन्जेन्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक कोटैञ्जेण्ट|हाइपरबोलिक कोटैञ्जेण्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक सेकैण्ट|हाइपरबोलिक सेकैण्ट]] • [[Wp/mag/हाइपरबोलिक कोसेकैण्ट|हाइपरबोलिक कोसेकैण्ट]] |group4 = नामी फलन |list4 = [[Wp/mag/आकरमान फलन|आकरमान]] • [[Wp/mag/बेसल फलन|बेसेल]] • [[Wp/mag/डिरिचलेट फलन|डिरिचलेट]] • [[Wp/mag/गामा फलन|गामा]] • [[Wp/mag/हेवीसाइड फलन|हेवीसाइड]] • [[Wp/mag/Função de Mertens|Mertens]] • [[Wp/mag/Função de Möbius|Möbius]] • [[Wp/mag/Função de Weierstrass|Weierstrass]] |group5 = सङ्कल्पना |list5 = [[Wp/mag/Assintota|Assimptota/Assíntota]] • [[Wp/mag/वक्र|वक्र]] • [[Wp/mag/अवकलन|अवकलन]] • [[Wp/mag/Espaço funcional|Espaço funcional]] • [[Wp/mag/Espaço Lp|Espaço Lp]] • [[Wp/mag/Gráfico de uma função|Gráficos]] • [[Wp/mag/समाकलन|समाकलन]] • [[Wp/mag/सीमा|सीमा]] • [[Wp/mag/Função injectiva|Injectividade]] • [[Wp/mag/Parte inteira|Parte inteira]] • [[Wp/mag/Primitiva|Primitiva]] • [[Wp/mag/Projeção (matemática)|Projeção]] • [[Wp/mag/Reta|Reta]] |group6= अर्थशास्त्र सम्बन्धी | list6= [[Wp/mag/माङ्ग|माङ्ग]] • [[Wp/mag/आपूर्ति|आपूर्ति]] • [[Wp/mag/उपयोगिता|उपयोगिता]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/फलन|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{INTERWIKI|Q25773079}} </noinclude> qbwkfugockyf0h4uhd5nge6hipgbvlf 0 3613756 6707197 2025-07-10T21:05:24Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Polynomialdeg2.svg|thumb|[[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के चित्रणमे नित्य पड़ल रेखा पर स्वतन्त्र चर (हियाँ <math>x</math> द्वारा अङ्कित) आउ खड़ा रेखा पर परतन्त्र चर (हियाँ <math>y</math> द्वारा अङ्कित) दर्शावल ज..." 6707197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Polynomialdeg2.svg|thumb|[[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के चित्रणमे नित्य पड़ल रेखा पर स्वतन्त्र चर (हियाँ <math>x</math> द्वारा अङ्कित) आउ खड़ा रेखा पर परतन्त्र चर (हियाँ <math>y</math> द्वारा अङ्कित) दर्शावल जाहे । हियाँ एक वर्ग फलन (quadratic function) दर्शावल गेलहे ।]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे '''स्वतन्त्र चर''' (independent variable) ऐसन राशि होवहे जेकर मान (value) कौनो अन्य राशि पर निर्भर नै होवे । एकर विपरीत '''परतन्त्र चर''' (dependent variable) ऐसन राशि होवहे जेकर मान एक या एकसे अधिक स्वतन्त्र चर पर निर्भर होवे । उदाहरण लागि यदि कौनो खेतमे डालल गेल खादके मात्राके <math>x</math> के चिन्ह द्वारा प्रकट कैल जाए आउ ऊ खेतमे पैदा होवेवाला गेहूमके <math>y</math> द्वारा, त फसलके मात्रा खेतमे डालल गेल खादके मात्राके एक [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] (फन्क्शन) होत, जेकरा गणितीय रूपसे <math>y</math> = <math>f</math>(<math>x</math>) लिखल जा सकहे । एकरामे <math>x</math> स्वतन्त्र चर हे जखनिकि <math>y</math> परतन्त्र चर हे ।<ref>Hastings, Nancy Baxter. Workshop calculus: guided exploration with review. Vol. 2. Springer Science & Business Media, 1998</ref><ref>Carlson, Robert. A concrete introduction to real analysis. CRC Press, 2006. p.183</ref> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] * [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]] * [[Wp/mag/चर|चर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रयोगेक योजना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय शब्दावली]] 9rmumh1ooyadoa0kehk25a0a0mnu5d5 6707198 6707197 2025-07-10T21:05:35Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q320723]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Polynomialdeg2.svg|thumb|[[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे कौनो [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के चित्रणमे नित्य पड़ल रेखा पर स्वतन्त्र चर (हियाँ <math>x</math> द्वारा अङ्कित) आउ खड़ा रेखा पर परतन्त्र चर (हियाँ <math>y</math> द्वारा अङ्कित) दर्शावल जाहे । हियाँ एक वर्ग फलन (quadratic function) दर्शावल गेलहे ।]] [[Wp/mag/गणित|गणित]]मे '''स्वतन्त्र चर''' (independent variable) ऐसन राशि होवहे जेकर मान (value) कौनो अन्य राशि पर निर्भर नै होवे । एकर विपरीत '''परतन्त्र चर''' (dependent variable) ऐसन राशि होवहे जेकर मान एक या एकसे अधिक स्वतन्त्र चर पर निर्भर होवे । उदाहरण लागि यदि कौनो खेतमे डालल गेल खादके मात्राके <math>x</math> के चिन्ह द्वारा प्रकट कैल जाए आउ ऊ खेतमे पैदा होवेवाला गेहूमके <math>y</math> द्वारा, त फसलके मात्रा खेतमे डालल गेल खादके मात्राके एक [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] (फन्क्शन) होत, जेकरा गणितीय रूपसे <math>y</math> = <math>f</math>(<math>x</math>) लिखल जा सकहे । एकरामे <math>x</math> स्वतन्त्र चर हे जखनिकि <math>y</math> परतन्त्र चर हे ।<ref>Hastings, Nancy Baxter. Workshop calculus: guided exploration with review. Vol. 2. Springer Science & Business Media, 1998</ref><ref>Carlson, Robert. A concrete introduction to real analysis. CRC Press, 2006. p.183</ref> == इहो देखी == * [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]] * [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]] * [[Wp/mag/चर|चर]] == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रयोगेक योजना]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय शब्दावली]] {{INTERWIKI|Q320723}} c9l6gmlg6anp213y2viqe4o5rz2l7s2 0 3613757 6707199 2025-07-10T21:06:41Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर]] 6707199 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/परतन्त्र आउ स्वतन्त्र चर]] ceqco1dai0xrm6kql3qrt4s23fzwulm 0 3613758 6707200 2025-07-10T21:08:59Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "बीजगणितके विशेषताके अनुसार बीजगणितमे राशिके जगह चिह्न अथवा अक्षरके प्रयोग कैल जाहे जिनखर मूल्य पृथक स्थान पर पृथक होवहे , उनखा 'चर' कहल जाहे । उदाहरण - y + 5 = 36 मे y एक चर हे आउ हियाँ y के मू..." 6707200 wikitext text/x-wiki बीजगणितके विशेषताके अनुसार बीजगणितमे राशिके जगह चिह्न अथवा अक्षरके प्रयोग कैल जाहे जिनखर मूल्य पृथक स्थान पर पृथक होवहे , उनखा 'चर' कहल जाहे । उदाहरण - y + 5 = 36 मे y एक चर हे आउ हियाँ y के मूल्य 31 होत । पुष्टिला कि का सचमे y के मूल्य 31 हे, अपने 5 के पक्षान्तर कर ली । (36-5=31) जैसे: y + 5 = 36 y = 36 - 5 = 31 [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चर (गणित)|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/कलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वाक्यविन्यास (तर्क)]] dfl21mnvh0cxzje4y5ztzzcoog9l7ct 6707201 6707200 2025-07-10T21:09:10Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q50701]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707201 wikitext text/x-wiki बीजगणितके विशेषताके अनुसार बीजगणितमे राशिके जगह चिह्न अथवा अक्षरके प्रयोग कैल जाहे जिनखर मूल्य पृथक स्थान पर पृथक होवहे , उनखा 'चर' कहल जाहे । उदाहरण - y + 5 = 36 मे y एक चर हे आउ हियाँ y के मूल्य 31 होत । पुष्टिला कि का सचमे y के मूल्य 31 हे, अपने 5 के पक्षान्तर कर ली । (36-5=31) जैसे: y + 5 = 36 y = 36 - 5 = 31 [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चर (गणित)|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/कलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वाक्यविन्यास (तर्क)]] {{INTERWIKI|Q50701}} s2z5yitdmnjnqyd65ue07twmgu1tb61 6707205 6707201 2025-07-10T21:10:59Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 6707205 wikitext text/x-wiki बीजगणितके विशेषताके अनुसार बीजगणितमे राशिके जगह चिह्न अथवा अक्षरके प्रयोग कैल जाहे जिनखर मूल्य पृथक स्थान पर पृथक होवहे , उनखा 'चर' कहल जाहे । उदाहरण - y + 5 = 36 मे y एक चर हे आउ हियाँ y के मूल्य 31 होत । पुष्टिला कि का सचमे y के मूल्य 31 हे, अपने 5 के पक्षान्तर कर ली । (36-5=31) जैसे: <br /> y + 5 = 36 <br /> y = 36 - 5 <br /> = 31 <br /> [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/चर (गणित)|*]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/कलन]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्राथमिक गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/वाक्यविन्यास (तर्क)]] {{INTERWIKI|Q50701}} qls6rggajkijbs4ktfaq48bn6ogroxy 0 3613759 6707202 2025-07-10T21:09:51Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Redirected page to [[Wp/mag/चर]] 6707202 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mag/चर|चर]] 1r91izkvnzjhvhvl10rzxc9if7xytc5 14 3613760 6707203 2025-07-10T21:10:08Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]]" 6707203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] sdphkygrnpwb9s8h44rmyd50ti7a61f 6707204 6707203 2025-07-10T21:10:18Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7484891]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7484891}} mgftcv8bxrwy39o2ivejvykwicda81b 14 3613761 6707206 2025-07-10T21:11:46Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "{{Wp/mag/श्रेणी मुख्य|कलन}} {{Wp/mag/कोमन्स श्रेणी|Calculus|कलन}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]]" 6707206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/श्रेणी मुख्य|कलन}} {{Wp/mag/कोमन्स श्रेणी|Calculus|कलन}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] kg38glodew2am75b971pc70bt0vol4h 6707207 6707206 2025-07-10T21:11:59Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q8806578]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/श्रेणी मुख्य|कलन}} {{Wp/mag/कोमन्स श्रेणी|Calculus|कलन}} [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितके शाखा]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8806578}} 1um0hz82wb042h79ldxncmc0kpa0hvb 3 3613762 6707208 2025-07-10T21:13:46Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707208 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 21:13, 10 July 2025 (UTC) c49rjqs5w53giu3h5zd6uze8krfam0a 0 3613763 6707209 2025-07-10T21:16:31Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]]मे '''बहुपदी शेषफल प्रमेय''' [[Wp/mag/बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजन|बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजन]] (polynomial long division) के एक अनुप्रयोग हे । ई प्रमेयके अनुसार कौनो रेखीय भाजक (divisor) <math>x-a\,</math> से कौनो बहुपद <math>f(x)\,..." 6707209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]]मे '''बहुपदी शेषफल प्रमेय''' [[Wp/mag/बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजन|बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजन]] (polynomial long division) के एक अनुप्रयोग हे । ई प्रमेयके अनुसार कौनो रेखीय भाजक (divisor) <math>x-a\,</math> से कौनो बहुपद <math>f(x)\,</math> के भाग करेपर '''शेष''' <math>r\,</math> के मान <math>f(a)</math> के बराबर होवहे । == उदाहरण == मानी <math>f(x) = x^3 - 12x^2 - 42\,</math>. <math>x-3\,</math> से [[Wp/mag/बहुपदी भाग|बहुपदी भाग]] करेपर '''भागफल''' <math>x^2 - 9x - 27\,</math> आउ '''शेष''' <math>-123\,</math> प्राप्त होवहे । आउ दोसर दन्ने <math>f(3)=-123\,</math> । अतः f(x) के (x-3) से विभाजित करेपर शेष = f(3)= -123 । == उपपत्ति == ई बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजनके परिभाषेसे स्पष्ट हो जाहे, काहेकि :<math>f(x)=q(x)g(x) + r(x)\, </math> जन्ने <math>g(x)\,</math>, <math>q(x)\,</math>, एवं <math>r(x)\,</math> क्रमशः भाजक, भजनफल एवं शेष हे आउ <math>r(x)\,</math> के कोटि (डिग्री) <math>g(x)\,</math> के डिग्रीसे कम हे । अखनि यदि <math>g(x) = x-a\,</math> रखल जाय त शेष <math>r(x)\,</math> के डिग्री शून्य होत; अर्थात् <math>r(x) = r\,</math> आउ :<math>f(x)=q(x)(x-a) + r\,.</math> अखनि <math>x=a \!\,</math> रखेपर :<math>f(a)=r\,.</math> प्राप्त होवहे । '''इतिसिद्धम्''' == प्रयोग == * बहुपदी शेषफल प्रमेयके एक प्रयोग हे कि हमनी एकर सहायतासे जान सकही कि कौनो रेखीय व्यञ्जक कौनो बहुपदके एक [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] (फैक्टर) हे कि नै । एकरा [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड प्रमेय|गुणनखण्ड प्रमेय]] (फैक्टर थीअरम) कहल जाहे । * शेषफल प्रमेय एवं सिन्थेटिक डिविजनके एक साथे प्रयोग करैत कम मेहनते (कम कम्प्यूटिङ्गके द्वारा) कौनो [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के मान निकालल जा सकहे । [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय प्रमेय]] p5plo64bp21fcow25cjxub9m0tn8u6j 6707210 6707209 2025-07-10T21:16:47Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q1071948]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]]मे '''बहुपदी शेषफल प्रमेय''' [[Wp/mag/बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजन|बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजन]] (polynomial long division) के एक अनुप्रयोग हे । ई प्रमेयके अनुसार कौनो रेखीय भाजक (divisor) <math>x-a\,</math> से कौनो बहुपद <math>f(x)\,</math> के भाग करेपर '''शेष''' <math>r\,</math> के मान <math>f(a)</math> के बराबर होवहे । == उदाहरण == मानी <math>f(x) = x^3 - 12x^2 - 42\,</math>. <math>x-3\,</math> से [[Wp/mag/बहुपदी भाग|बहुपदी भाग]] करेपर '''भागफल''' <math>x^2 - 9x - 27\,</math> आउ '''शेष''' <math>-123\,</math> प्राप्त होवहे । आउ दोसर दन्ने <math>f(3)=-123\,</math> । अतः f(x) के (x-3) से विभाजित करेपर शेष = f(3)= -123 । == उपपत्ति == ई बहुपदी दीर्घ भाजनके परिभाषेसे स्पष्ट हो जाहे, काहेकि :<math>f(x)=q(x)g(x) + r(x)\, </math> जन्ने <math>g(x)\,</math>, <math>q(x)\,</math>, एवं <math>r(x)\,</math> क्रमशः भाजक, भजनफल एवं शेष हे आउ <math>r(x)\,</math> के कोटि (डिग्री) <math>g(x)\,</math> के डिग्रीसे कम हे । अखनि यदि <math>g(x) = x-a\,</math> रखल जाय त शेष <math>r(x)\,</math> के डिग्री शून्य होत; अर्थात् <math>r(x) = r\,</math> आउ :<math>f(x)=q(x)(x-a) + r\,.</math> अखनि <math>x=a \!\,</math> रखेपर :<math>f(a)=r\,.</math> प्राप्त होवहे । '''इतिसिद्धम्''' == प्रयोग == * बहुपदी शेषफल प्रमेयके एक प्रयोग हे कि हमनी एकर सहायतासे जान सकही कि कौनो रेखीय व्यञ्जक कौनो बहुपदके एक [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] (फैक्टर) हे कि नै । एकरा [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड प्रमेय|गुणनखण्ड प्रमेय]] (फैक्टर थीअरम) कहल जाहे । * शेषफल प्रमेय एवं सिन्थेटिक डिविजनके एक साथे प्रयोग करैत कम मेहनते (कम कम्प्यूटिङ्गके द्वारा) कौनो [[Wp/mag/फलन|फलन]]के मान निकालल जा सकहे । [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणितीय प्रमेय]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1071948}} nq2yqge4q4bbqg774p7118wsl95ifg7 14 3613764 6707211 2025-07-10T21:17:47Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "ई श्रेणी '''गणितीय प्रमेय''' लागि हे । [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रमेय]]" 6707211 wikitext text/x-wiki ई श्रेणी '''गणितीय प्रमेय''' लागि हे । [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रमेय]] suzrdbofwu9shus7dax9dvrfwkeu1rg 6707212 6707211 2025-07-10T21:17:58Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q7036027]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707212 wikitext text/x-wiki ई श्रेणी '''गणितीय प्रमेय''' लागि हे । [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/गणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/प्रमेय]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7036027}} dn57xiiqxzr2wzft26yd67qjbvcmj38 3 3613765 6707216 2025-07-10T21:24:10Z Masti 1920 Masti moved page [[User talk:Md Rabbi Ahmmed]] to [[User talk:Kuddus Aliyan]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Md Rabbi Ahmmed|Md Rabbi Ahmmed]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Kuddus Aliyan|Kuddus Aliyan]]" 6707216 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Kuddus Aliyan]] te2wckqf9u1zasf53i5d3vpy3l767vc 2 3613766 6707218 2025-07-10T21:24:10Z Masti 1920 Masti moved page [[User:Md Rabbi Ahmmed]] to [[User:Kuddus Aliyan]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Md Rabbi Ahmmed|Md Rabbi Ahmmed]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Kuddus Aliyan|Kuddus Aliyan]]" 6707218 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:Kuddus Aliyan]] eq7tq0ml6u9m0on4jgq0jlwthmjtmbx 0 3613767 6707220 2025-07-10T21:29:16Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "[[File:Septic graph.svg|right|thumb|300px|७ घात वाला एक बहुपदके कार्तीय निरेशाङ्क प्रणालीमे ग्राफ]] ऊ पद जेकरा कौनो चरके पूर्ण घातके रूपमे लिखल गेल होवे, ओकरा '''बहुपद''' (Polynomial) कहल जाहे । प्रारम्भिक Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बी..." 6707220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Septic graph.svg|right|thumb|300px|७ घात वाला एक बहुपदके कार्तीय निरेशाङ्क प्रणालीमे ग्राफ]] ऊ पद जेकरा कौनो चरके पूर्ण घातके रूपमे लिखल गेल होवे, ओकरा '''बहुपद''' (Polynomial) कहल जाहे । प्रारम्भिक [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]]मे धन ('''+''') आउ ऋण ('''-''') चिह्नसे सम्बन्द्ध ढेर पदके व्यञ्जक (expression) के बहुपद कहल जाहे, यथा (3a+2b-5c) । पदके सङ्ख्याके अनुसार एकर विशिष्ट उपनाम 'एकपद' (monomial), 'द्विपद' (binomial) आदि होवहे । उच्चतर गणितमे बहुपदके विशिष्ट प्रयोग ऐसन व्यञ्जक लागि होवहे जेकर पदमे कौनो एक चर राशि, या एकसे अधिक चर राशि, के शून्य अथवा धन पूर्णाङ्क घात आरोह या अवरोह क्रममे होवे, यथा - :3x + x² - x⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . (१) :-6x⁶y + 5px²yx² - a x . . . . . . . . . . . . (२) व्यञ्जक (१) (x) के बहुपद हे आउ (२) x, y z, के एवं ओकरामे (a) अचर (constant) हे । यदि (x) के स्थानमे सर्वत्र कौनो अन्य व्यञ्जक मान ली, '''log x''' रख देल जाए, त नया व्यञ्जक '''log x''' के व्यञ्जक कहलैतै । पदके घातोमे से महत्तमके बहुपदका घात (डिग्री) कहल जाहे । यदि एकसे अधिक चर राशि होवे, त विभिन्न पदमे चर राशिके घातके योगफलमे से महत्तमके '''बहुपदके घात''' कहल जाहे । ई प्रकार बहुपद (१) के घात 4 हे आउ (२) के 7 । ऐसनो कहल जाहे कि बहुपद (२) (x) मे छठा घातके आउ (y) मे द्वितीय घातके हे । दु बहुपदके योगफल, अन्तर आउ गुणनफल बहुपदे होवहे, किन्तु उनखर भागफल बहुपद न होवे । दु बहुपदके भागफलके, जेकरामे एक सङ्ख्या मात्रो हो सकहे, '''परिमेय फलन''' (rational function) कहल जाहे । चर (x) मे घात (m) के व्यापक बहुपद ई है - :ao x^m +a1 x^m-1+.....+am, जहाँ ao अशून्य है == बीजगणितके एक मौलिक प्रमेय == बीजगणितके एक मौलिक प्रमेय ई है कि यदि f (x) चर राशि x मे घात m के बहुपद हे, त [[Wp/mag/बीजीय समीकरण|बहुपद समीकरण]] f(x) = 0 के सदा m मूल होवहे । ई मूल [[Wp/mag/सम्मिश्र सङ्ख्या|सम्मिश्रो]] (complex) हो सकहे आउ सम्पातियो (coincident) । यदि f(x) = 0 के कौनो मूल p1 हे त बहुपद f(x) मे (x-p1) के भाग पूरा-पूरा चल जाहे आउ भागफलमे घात m-1 वाला एक बहुपद f1(x) प्राप्त होवहे । अखनि बहुपद समीकरण f1(x) = 0 के m-1 मूल होत आउ यदि एकर एक [[Wp/mag/मूल|मूल]] (x-p2) हे (एहु सम्भव हे कि p2=p1), त फिर f1(x) मे (x-p2) के भाग पूरा चल जैतै । ई एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रमेय हे कि f(x) के गुणनखण्डन अद्वितीय होवहे । यदि हमनी f(x) के गुणाङ्क आउ गुणनखण्डमे प्रयुक्त सङ्ख्या पर ई प्रतिबन्ध लगा दी कि ऊ कौनो अमुक क्षेत्रके होत, त मूलके अस्तित्व अवश्यम्भावी नै रहत । एत्ता अवश्य हे कि यदि बहुपदके [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्डन|गुणनखण्डन]] हो सकत, त [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] अद्वितीय होत । == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507065419/http://www.freewebs.com/brianjs/calculators.htm List of Calculators for Quadratic through Sextic equations] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070625162103/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=640&bodyId=1038 Euler's work on Imaginary Roots of Polynomials] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212072618/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/ Convergence] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720142614/http://xrjunque.nom.es/precis/polycalc.aspx?ln=en Free online polynomial calculator] * [http://www.bonner-nachhilfe.de/Polynomials.pdf Characteristics of polynomials]{{Wp/mag/Dead link|date=जून 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100419182631/http://www.hvks.com/Numerical/websolver.php Free online polynomial root finder for both real and complex coefficients] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/आङ्किक विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सम्मिश्र विश्लेषण]] 9v2bn316epb9kg4x17ny9i0lunzy1nw 6707221 6707220 2025-07-10T21:29:38Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q43260]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Septic graph.svg|right|thumb|300px|७ घात वाला एक बहुपदके कार्तीय निरेशाङ्क प्रणालीमे ग्राफ]] ऊ पद जेकरा कौनो चरके पूर्ण घातके रूपमे लिखल गेल होवे, ओकरा '''बहुपद''' (Polynomial) कहल जाहे । प्रारम्भिक [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]]मे धन ('''+''') आउ ऋण ('''-''') चिह्नसे सम्बन्द्ध ढेर पदके व्यञ्जक (expression) के बहुपद कहल जाहे, यथा (3a+2b-5c) । पदके सङ्ख्याके अनुसार एकर विशिष्ट उपनाम 'एकपद' (monomial), 'द्विपद' (binomial) आदि होवहे । उच्चतर गणितमे बहुपदके विशिष्ट प्रयोग ऐसन व्यञ्जक लागि होवहे जेकर पदमे कौनो एक चर राशि, या एकसे अधिक चर राशि, के शून्य अथवा धन पूर्णाङ्क घात आरोह या अवरोह क्रममे होवे, यथा - :3x + x² - x⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . (१) :-6x⁶y + 5px²yx² - a x . . . . . . . . . . . . (२) व्यञ्जक (१) (x) के बहुपद हे आउ (२) x, y z, के एवं ओकरामे (a) अचर (constant) हे । यदि (x) के स्थानमे सर्वत्र कौनो अन्य व्यञ्जक मान ली, '''log x''' रख देल जाए, त नया व्यञ्जक '''log x''' के व्यञ्जक कहलैतै । पदके घातोमे से महत्तमके बहुपदका घात (डिग्री) कहल जाहे । यदि एकसे अधिक चर राशि होवे, त विभिन्न पदमे चर राशिके घातके योगफलमे से महत्तमके '''बहुपदके घात''' कहल जाहे । ई प्रकार बहुपद (१) के घात 4 हे आउ (२) के 7 । ऐसनो कहल जाहे कि बहुपद (२) (x) मे छठा घातके आउ (y) मे द्वितीय घातके हे । दु बहुपदके योगफल, अन्तर आउ गुणनफल बहुपदे होवहे, किन्तु उनखर भागफल बहुपद न होवे । दु बहुपदके भागफलके, जेकरामे एक सङ्ख्या मात्रो हो सकहे, '''परिमेय फलन''' (rational function) कहल जाहे । चर (x) मे घात (m) के व्यापक बहुपद ई है - :ao x^m +a1 x^m-1+.....+am, जहाँ ao अशून्य है == बीजगणितके एक मौलिक प्रमेय == बीजगणितके एक मौलिक प्रमेय ई है कि यदि f (x) चर राशि x मे घात m के बहुपद हे, त [[Wp/mag/बीजीय समीकरण|बहुपद समीकरण]] f(x) = 0 के सदा m मूल होवहे । ई मूल [[Wp/mag/सम्मिश्र सङ्ख्या|सम्मिश्रो]] (complex) हो सकहे आउ सम्पातियो (coincident) । यदि f(x) = 0 के कौनो मूल p1 हे त बहुपद f(x) मे (x-p1) के भाग पूरा-पूरा चल जाहे आउ भागफलमे घात m-1 वाला एक बहुपद f1(x) प्राप्त होवहे । अखनि बहुपद समीकरण f1(x) = 0 के m-1 मूल होत आउ यदि एकर एक [[Wp/mag/मूल|मूल]] (x-p2) हे (एहु सम्भव हे कि p2=p1), त फिर f1(x) मे (x-p2) के भाग पूरा चल जैतै । ई एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रमेय हे कि f(x) के गुणनखण्डन अद्वितीय होवहे । यदि हमनी f(x) के गुणाङ्क आउ गुणनखण्डमे प्रयुक्त सङ्ख्या पर ई प्रतिबन्ध लगा दी कि ऊ कौनो अमुक क्षेत्रके होत, त मूलके अस्तित्व अवश्यम्भावी नै रहत । एत्ता अवश्य हे कि यदि बहुपदके [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्डन|गुणनखण्डन]] हो सकत, त [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] अद्वितीय होत । == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507065419/http://www.freewebs.com/brianjs/calculators.htm List of Calculators for Quadratic through Sextic equations] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070625162103/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=640&bodyId=1038 Euler's work on Imaginary Roots of Polynomials] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212072618/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/ Convergence] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720142614/http://xrjunque.nom.es/precis/polycalc.aspx?ln=en Free online polynomial calculator] * [http://www.bonner-nachhilfe.de/Polynomials.pdf Characteristics of polynomials]{{Wp/mag/Dead link|date=जून 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100419182631/http://www.hvks.com/Numerical/websolver.php Free online polynomial root finder for both real and complex coefficients] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/आङ्किक विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सम्मिश्र विश्लेषण]] {{INTERWIKI|Q43260}} rz03lxro0zjqcvhpvbjgqap7q1250v9 6707222 6707221 2025-07-10T21:30:30Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 /* सन्दर्भ */ 6707222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Septic graph.svg|right|thumb|300px|७ घात वाला एक बहुपदके कार्तीय निरेशाङ्क प्रणालीमे ग्राफ]] ऊ पद जेकरा कौनो चरके पूर्ण घातके रूपमे लिखल गेल होवे, ओकरा '''बहुपद''' (Polynomial) कहल जाहे । प्रारम्भिक [[Wp/mag/बीजगणित|बीजगणित]]मे धन ('''+''') आउ ऋण ('''-''') चिह्नसे सम्बन्द्ध ढेर पदके व्यञ्जक (expression) के बहुपद कहल जाहे, यथा (3a+2b-5c) । पदके सङ्ख्याके अनुसार एकर विशिष्ट उपनाम 'एकपद' (monomial), 'द्विपद' (binomial) आदि होवहे । उच्चतर गणितमे बहुपदके विशिष्ट प्रयोग ऐसन व्यञ्जक लागि होवहे जेकर पदमे कौनो एक चर राशि, या एकसे अधिक चर राशि, के शून्य अथवा धन पूर्णाङ्क घात आरोह या अवरोह क्रममे होवे, यथा - :3x + x² - x⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . . (१) :-6x⁶y + 5px²yx² - a x . . . . . . . . . . . . (२) व्यञ्जक (१) (x) के बहुपद हे आउ (२) x, y z, के एवं ओकरामे (a) अचर (constant) हे । यदि (x) के स्थानमे सर्वत्र कौनो अन्य व्यञ्जक मान ली, '''log x''' रख देल जाए, त नया व्यञ्जक '''log x''' के व्यञ्जक कहलैतै । पदके घातोमे से महत्तमके बहुपदका घात (डिग्री) कहल जाहे । यदि एकसे अधिक चर राशि होवे, त विभिन्न पदमे चर राशिके घातके योगफलमे से महत्तमके '''बहुपदके घात''' कहल जाहे । ई प्रकार बहुपद (१) के घात 4 हे आउ (२) के 7 । ऐसनो कहल जाहे कि बहुपद (२) (x) मे छठा घातके आउ (y) मे द्वितीय घातके हे । दु बहुपदके योगफल, अन्तर आउ गुणनफल बहुपदे होवहे, किन्तु उनखर भागफल बहुपद न होवे । दु बहुपदके भागफलके, जेकरामे एक सङ्ख्या मात्रो हो सकहे, '''परिमेय फलन''' (rational function) कहल जाहे । चर (x) मे घात (m) के व्यापक बहुपद ई है - :ao x^m +a1 x^m-1+.....+am, जहाँ ao अशून्य है == बीजगणितके एक मौलिक प्रमेय == बीजगणितके एक मौलिक प्रमेय ई है कि यदि f (x) चर राशि x मे घात m के बहुपद हे, त [[Wp/mag/बीजीय समीकरण|बहुपद समीकरण]] f(x) = 0 के सदा m मूल होवहे । ई मूल [[Wp/mag/सम्मिश्र सङ्ख्या|सम्मिश्रो]] (complex) हो सकहे आउ सम्पातियो (coincident) । यदि f(x) = 0 के कौनो मूल p1 हे त बहुपद f(x) मे (x-p1) के भाग पूरा-पूरा चल जाहे आउ भागफलमे घात m-1 वाला एक बहुपद f1(x) प्राप्त होवहे । अखनि बहुपद समीकरण f1(x) = 0 के m-1 मूल होत आउ यदि एकर एक [[Wp/mag/मूल|मूल]] (x-p2) हे (एहु सम्भव हे कि p2=p1), त फिर f1(x) मे (x-p2) के भाग पूरा चल जैतै । ई एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रमेय हे कि f(x) के गुणनखण्डन अद्वितीय होवहे । यदि हमनी f(x) के गुणाङ्क आउ गुणनखण्डमे प्रयुक्त सङ्ख्या पर ई प्रतिबन्ध लगा दी कि ऊ कौनो अमुक क्षेत्रके होत, त मूलके अस्तित्व अवश्यम्भावी नै रहत । एत्ता अवश्य हे कि यदि बहुपदके [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्डन|गुणनखण्डन]] हो सकत, त [[Wp/mag/गुणनखण्ड|गुणनखण्ड]] अद्वितीय होत । == सन्दर्भ == {{Wp/mag/टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507065419/http://www.freewebs.com/brianjs/calculators.htm List of Calculators for Quadratic through Sextic equations] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070625162103/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=640&bodyId=1038 Euler's work on Imaginary Roots of Polynomials] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212072618/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/ Convergence] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720142614/http://xrjunque.nom.es/precis/polycalc.aspx?ln=en Free online polynomial calculator] * [http://www.bonner-nachhilfe.de/Polynomials.pdf Characteristics of polynomials]{{Wp/mag/Dead link|date=जून 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100419182631/http://www.hvks.com/Numerical/websolver.php Free online polynomial root finder for both real and complex coefficients] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बीजगणित]] [[Category:Wp/mag/आङ्किक विश्लेषण]] [[Category:Wp/mag/सम्मिश्र विश्लेषण]] {{INTERWIKI|Q43260}} akoqyxixnsovu9930cpy49eu8o89drd 0 3613768 6707223 2025-07-10T21:31:36Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 Created page with "{{Wp/mag/बहुविकल्पी शब्द}} '''मूल''' के ढेर अर्थ हो सकहे - * [[Wp/mag/जड़ (वनस्पति)|जड़]] * [[Wp/mag/वर्गमूल|वर्गमूल]], [[Wp/mag/घनमूल|घनमूल]] आदि * [[Wp/mag/मूल नक्षत्र|मूल नक्षत्र]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बहुविकल्पी शब्द]]" 6707223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/बहुविकल्पी शब्द}} '''मूल''' के ढेर अर्थ हो सकहे - * [[Wp/mag/जड़ (वनस्पति)|जड़]] * [[Wp/mag/वर्गमूल|वर्गमूल]], [[Wp/mag/घनमूल|घनमूल]] आदि * [[Wp/mag/मूल नक्षत्र|मूल नक्षत्र]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बहुविकल्पी शब्द]] aecwya8b2fv4608l45towol1y5p0iy1 6707224 6707223 2025-07-10T21:32:10Z ऐक्टिवेटेड् 2579714 [[d:Q61419563]] से अन्तर्विकि कड़ी जुटैत 6707224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mag/बहुविकल्पी शब्द}} '''मूल''' के ढेर अर्थ हो सकहे - * [[Wp/mag/जड़ (वनस्पति)|जड़]] * [[Wp/mag/वर्गमूल|वर्गमूल]], [[Wp/mag/घनमूल|घनमूल]] आदि * [[Wp/mag/मूल नक्षत्र|मूल नक्षत्र]] [[Category:Wp/mag]] [[Category:Wp/mag/बहुविकल्पी शब्द]] {{INTERWIKI|Q61419563}} ctmtthw9zojbm35eqj30iawhcwsttad 3 3613769 6707226 2025-07-10T21:43:21Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707226 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 21:43, 10 July 2025 (UTC) 9g3598fkl6d1pjm7pl60e8gfovwuwgt 3 3613770 6707227 2025-07-10T21:52:14Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707227 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 21:52, 10 July 2025 (UTC) cei4pyxb4z13b4vl8c7msanunhkj38w 3 3613771 6707228 2025-07-10T22:18:51Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707228 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 22:18, 10 July 2025 (UTC) nrppq18j70kr2wqbupa00lxwx7t9n75 3 3613772 6707230 2025-07-10T23:56:50Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707230 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 23:56, 10 July 2025 (UTC) q0gc652bj79oog67be0vr11ifq6mkoa 0 3613773 6707232 2025-07-11T00:17:49Z Galdiz 2568250 Created page with "Ademilola “Lola” Odujinrin is a British-born Nigerian aircraft pilot. In 2017, he became the first African pilot in history to fly solo around the world.[1] [[Category:Wp/mrt]]" 6707232 wikitext text/x-wiki Ademilola “Lola” Odujinrin is a British-born Nigerian aircraft pilot. In 2017, he became the first African pilot in history to fly solo around the world.[1] [[Category:Wp/mrt]] h59afvx3c666uo5y36llxmuzis63iu1 0 3613774 6707233 2025-07-11T00:21:02Z Galdiz 2568250 Created page with "'''Chinyere Kalu''', [[Wp/mrt/Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (née Onyenucheya) is the first [[Wp/mrt/Nigerians|Nigerian]] female [[Wp/mrt/Commercial pilot|commercial pilot]] and the first woman to fly an aircraft in [[Wp/mrt/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. She served as the [[Wp/mrt/Rector (academia)|rector]] and Chief Executive of the [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian College of Aviation Technology|Nigerian College of Aviation Technology]] between October 2011 and February 2014. Category:W..." 6707233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chinyere Kalu''', [[Wp/mrt/Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (née Onyenucheya) is the first [[Wp/mrt/Nigerians|Nigerian]] female [[Wp/mrt/Commercial pilot|commercial pilot]] and the first woman to fly an aircraft in [[Wp/mrt/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. She served as the [[Wp/mrt/Rector (academia)|rector]] and Chief Executive of the [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian College of Aviation Technology|Nigerian College of Aviation Technology]] between October 2011 and February 2014. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] j1dngvkjk74rv29gjq3zdl8igplv8g5 0 3613775 6707234 2025-07-11T00:23:57Z Galdiz 2568250 Created page with "'''Blessing Liman''' (indgya 13 March 1984), is a Nigerian [[Wp/mrt/Military personnel|member]] of the [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian Air Force|Nigerian Air Force]] best known for being Nigeria's first female military pilot [[Category:Wp/mrt]]" 6707234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blessing Liman''' (indgya 13 March 1984), is a Nigerian [[Wp/mrt/Military personnel|member]] of the [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian Air Force|Nigerian Air Force]] best known for being Nigeria's first female military pilot [[Category:Wp/mrt]] pkoxsh35dnvf41u0v9ncdrwaikxgv3b 6707236 6707234 2025-07-11T00:24:23Z Galdiz 2568250 6707236 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blessing Liman''' (ndgya 13 March 1984), is a Nigerian [[Wp/mrt/Military personnel|member]] of the [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian Air Force|Nigerian Air Force]] best known for being Nigeria's first female military pilot [[Category:Wp/mrt]] n4qmpkzau0vdzh1f6xgefwnn7qxqgbh 0 3613776 6707237 2025-07-11T00:27:06Z Galdiz 2568250 Created page with "Adeola Sowemimo is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. [[Category:Wp/mrt]]" 6707237 wikitext text/x-wiki Adeola Sowemimo is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] 48pfx1g1umtpjk1es16dcoxtyc930kg 6707238 6707237 2025-07-11T00:27:59Z Galdiz 2568250 6707238 wikitext text/x-wiki Adeola Sowemimo is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. ===Career=== She started her aviation career at the US-based Sunrise Aviation Academy where she graduated in [[Category:Wp/mrt]] j7xtyv5d08lbqmnnddqkb4ul52yf3zv 6707239 6707238 2025-07-11T00:29:32Z Galdiz 2568250 6707239 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeola Sowemime'' is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. ===Career=== She started her aviation career at the US-based Sunrise Aviation Academy where she graduated in [[Category:Wp/mrt]] kgtu0d2pwxqqy0nfphjkjuws63zgay2 6707240 6707239 2025-07-11T00:30:03Z Galdiz 2568250 6707240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeola Sowemime''' is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. ===Career=== She started her aviation career at the US-based Sunrise Aviation Academy where she graduated in [[Category:Wp/mrt]] qh77ow97xhmg7u24q5z470mi25m6ckb 6707241 6707240 2025-07-11T00:30:28Z Galdiz 2568250 /* Career */ 6707241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeola Sowemime''' is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. ===Career=== She started her aviation career at the US-based Sunrise [[Wp/mrt/Aviation Academy|Aviation Academy]] where she graduated in [[Category:Wp/mrt]] flgn7obptrruvbo8tjpf3vjrkroi4so 6707242 6707241 2025-07-11T00:30:58Z Galdiz 2568250 6707242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeola Sowemime''' is a Nigerian aircraft pilot. ===Career=== She started her aviation career at the US-based [[Wp/mrt/Sunrise Aviation Academy|Sunrise Aviation Academy]] where she graduated in [[Category:Wp/mrt]] nijptbzkkoks062jsplsi3a35pqj5g8 3 3613777 6707243 2025-07-11T00:42:29Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707243 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:05, 11 July 2025 (UTC) eql7vkrr1rro3arcg6psevrgv986xrj 3 3613784 6707250 2025-07-11T02:06:26Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707250 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:06, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 8t12huu5nmqqwyg5vfl9o7s2trjtcke 3 3613785 6707251 2025-07-11T02:08:05Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707251 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:08, 11 July 2025 (UTC) mtcifa0c73zk5vz4ls7uflcbairjpan 3 3613786 6707252 2025-07-11T02:09:08Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707252 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:09, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 07kff97o6xb4hxx4itzr6s6js8rtyox 3 3613787 6707253 2025-07-11T02:09:51Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707253 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:09, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 07kff97o6xb4hxx4itzr6s6js8rtyox 3 3613788 6707254 2025-07-11T02:13:18Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707254 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:13, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 6j80zb1zqll7fh5f67fkh91lh9hvcws 3 3613789 6707255 2025-07-11T02:13:35Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707255 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:13, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 6j80zb1zqll7fh5f67fkh91lh9hvcws 3 3613790 6707257 2025-07-11T02:18:44Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707257 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:18, 11 July 2025 (UTC) q3b0z7ytb400mttgbzthonauu3vvegd 3 3613791 6707259 2025-07-11T02:30:42Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707259 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:30, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 67bt4xp0hxc2tk0xq45sagqxrgckhoe 3 3613792 6707261 2025-07-11T02:41:53Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707261 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:41, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 0kx5k86rvbsakruuxqezzygilevn2z6 3 3613793 6707262 2025-07-11T02:44:11Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707262 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:44, 11 July 2025 (UTC) pjzmq889txxti8r88e3379cguxwtuxj 3 3613794 6707263 2025-07-11T02:49:22Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707263 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:49, 11 July 2025 (UTC) d7f0zx7r34vdv49q8eurb0g2kgf2cy4 3 3613795 6707264 2025-07-11T02:51:16Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707264 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:51, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 0a7c3qpbe1nwt5v1d9sy1y8mb70ijh2 3 3613796 6707265 2025-07-11T02:52:00Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707265 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 02:52, 11 July 2025 (UTC) fol0nrcio2qtz6og9yvxxhl0ul7k0zm 0 3613797 6707266 2025-07-11T02:52:12Z Wkambale 2607434 create new Wikipedia Runyankore article 6707266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eishengyero rya Uganda''' niryo ishengyero ry'eihanga. Omwe aha mirimo yaayo enkuru n'okureetaho ebiragiro ebirikushagika obwebembezi burungi omu ihanga. Ba minisita ba Gavumenti, nibajunanizibwa aha bajwekyerwa b'abantu omu ishengyero kandi nibabaasa kurondwa kuruga omu bammemba baayo. Kurabira omu bukiiko bw'eishengyero oburikushushana eishengyero nirishwijuma enteekateeka za gavumenti, okukira munonga nk'oku kirikworekwa omu kugaba kw'omwebembezi w'eihanga.<ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web|date=2021-06-04|title=Is the State of the Nation address relevant?|url=https://vinasbiz.com/is-the-state-of-the-nation-address-relevant/|access-date=2025-07-11|website=VINAS Businesses|language=en-US}}</ref> Enshonga z'emishoro, hamwe n'okuguza amabanja, nizetenga kwikirizibwa eishengyero bwanyima y'okuhanuura kurungi. <ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5 |title=Functions of The Parliament of Uganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419095437/http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5 |archive-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> Paalamenti nayo eine obushoborozi bw'okwikiriza okurondwa kw'abebembezi b'eihanga abamwe, kandi erikubaasa kugyemesereza minisita kurekura omurimo. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] c9u7t22t7akbyk1n5ziax1ovpfrfh51 6707267 6707266 2025-07-11T02:54:46Z Wkambale 2607434 added databox 6707267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q2052850}} '''Eishengyero rya Uganda''' niryo ishengyero ry'eihanga. Omwe aha mirimo yaayo enkuru n'okureetaho ebiragiro ebirikushagika obwebembezi burungi omu ihanga. Ba minisita ba Gavumenti, nibajunanizibwa aha bajwekyerwa b'abantu omu ishengyero kandi nibabaasa kurondwa kuruga omu bammemba baayo. Kurabira omu bukiiko bw'eishengyero oburikushushana eishengyero nirishwijuma enteekateeka za gavumenti, okukira munonga nk'oku kirikworekwa omu kugaba kw'omwebembezi w'eihanga.<ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web|date=2021-06-04|title=Is the State of the Nation address relevant?|url=https://vinasbiz.com/is-the-state-of-the-nation-address-relevant/|access-date=2025-07-11|website=VINAS Businesses|language=en-US}}</ref> Enshonga z'emishoro, hamwe n'okuguza amabanja, nizetenga kwikirizibwa eishengyero bwanyima y'okuhanuura kurungi. <ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5 |title=Functions of The Parliament of Uganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419095437/http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5 |archive-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> Paalamenti nayo eine obushoborozi bw'okwikiriza okurondwa kw'abebembezi b'eihanga abamwe, kandi erikubaasa kugyemesereza minisita kurekura omurimo. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] elp6j3o8e3kage7dy2l08gevfbt6fbk 6707268 6707267 2025-07-11T02:55:09Z Wkambale 2607434 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q2052850]] 6707268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q2052850}} '''Eishengyero rya Uganda''' niryo ishengyero ry'eihanga. Omwe aha mirimo yaayo enkuru n'okureetaho ebiragiro ebirikushagika obwebembezi burungi omu ihanga. Ba minisita ba Gavumenti, nibajunanizibwa aha bajwekyerwa b'abantu omu ishengyero kandi nibabaasa kurondwa kuruga omu bammemba baayo. Kurabira omu bukiiko bw'eishengyero oburikushushana eishengyero nirishwijuma enteekateeka za gavumenti, okukira munonga nk'oku kirikworekwa omu kugaba kw'omwebembezi w'eihanga.<ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web|date=2021-06-04|title=Is the State of the Nation address relevant?|url=https://vinasbiz.com/is-the-state-of-the-nation-address-relevant/|access-date=2025-07-11|website=VINAS Businesses|language=en-US}}</ref> Enshonga z'emishoro, hamwe n'okuguza amabanja, nizetenga kwikirizibwa eishengyero bwanyima y'okuhanuura kurungi. <ref>{{Wp/nyn/Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5 |title=Functions of The Parliament of Uganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419095437/http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5 |archive-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> Paalamenti nayo eine obushoborozi bw'okwikiriza okurondwa kw'abebembezi b'eihanga abamwe, kandi erikubaasa kugyemesereza minisita kurekura omurimo. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2052850}} 9p7aj6mh2s85an2d4y5hd7olt6wif6h 3 3613798 6707269 2025-07-11T04:17:32Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707269 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 04:17, 11 July 2025 (UTC) bgcztvipx677wh9eqf1pnw6qhjnnsuq 0 3613799 6707270 2025-07-11T04:21:34Z Aljef 2607892 Created page with "==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== [[Category:Wp/hni]]" 6707270 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== [[Category:Wp/hni]] fhlki1ej0p0yet6kebzvhayfjwrabwz 6707271 6707270 2025-07-11T04:21:53Z Aljef 2607892 6707271 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq lieqgaq yifmiaoq aqhhovq covq ngaoq, lieqgaq maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga [[Category:Wp/hni]] fvd2l7fxvnh9ycbioohn03tjz972mtf 6707272 6707271 2025-07-11T04:22:02Z Aljef 2607892 6707272 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq lieqgaq yifmiaoq aqhhovq covq ngaoq, lieqgaq maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. [[Category:Wp/hni]] t64d6u1ynhjq2d4ix707r174jr0pqkd 6707273 6707272 2025-07-11T04:23:06Z Aljef 2607892 6707273 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. [[Category:Wp/hni]] 4haxe03zx53rh8jjmiyec6riio9p5uq 6707274 6707273 2025-07-11T04:23:35Z Aljef 2607892 6707274 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== [[Category:Wp/hni]] d6o81zklvw8gx6j31d4vk3r4qin3lpz 6707275 6707274 2025-07-11T04:23:53Z Aljef 2607892 /* Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq */ 6707275 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao，hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev kaftiq zaolduv nia [[Category:Wp/hni]] 7uqe8v5bnnig3be0wwz66tbcau4fcue 6707276 6707275 2025-07-11T04:24:21Z Aljef 2607892 6707276 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao，hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev kaftiq zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. [[Category:Wp/hni]] istgpkufgq0i7h0s78e9a1fjotw2pvu 6707277 6707276 2025-07-11T04:24:41Z Aljef 2607892 6707277 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev kaftiq zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga [[Category:Wp/hni]] pdrxxtddoygikhfkgrca79dbjs38im4 6707278 6707277 2025-07-11T04:25:00Z Aljef 2607892 6707278 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev kaftiq zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. [[Category:Wp/hni]] mkqtucg2iwpr6bciw1uk2srskd5umw1 6707279 6707278 2025-07-11T04:27:00Z Aljef 2607892 6707279 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq E Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. [[Category:Wp/hni]] bqhstrgwomzew8jbkbpleece1gsy5e4 6707280 6707279 2025-07-11T04:27:59Z Aljef 2607892 6707280 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== [[Category:Wp/hni]] rwevh9i4kmvi7mwapfhnv159kxgerxk 6707281 6707280 2025-07-11T04:28:21Z Aljef 2607892 /* Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq */ 6707281 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif colmavq kevq meil [[Category:Wp/hni]] 7zaaevmleoaioa00s2r9gp6ajizs020 6707283 6707281 2025-07-11T04:35:33Z Aljef 2607892 6707283 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli jilgef、fuqlifyeiq kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol [[Category:Wp/hni]] kbiyxgib360b673ugzqgp2vgzd2qeog 6707284 6707283 2025-07-11T04:36:04Z Aljef 2607892 6707284 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli jilgef、fuqlifyeiq kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq，tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq xoqxaof e laosiil ssolnei xoqseil [[Category:Wp/hni]] lqj58pmwufio2dj4hbj6fzz70m01ocw 6707285 6707284 2025-07-11T04:36:32Z Aljef 2607892 6707285 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli jilgef、fuqlifyeiq kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq xoqxaof e laosiil ssolnei xoqseil, jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. [[Category:Wp/hni]] t8pfxsl3dex3cm75omv9243k8ccw7wv 6707286 6707285 2025-07-11T04:40:40Z Aljef 2607892 6707286 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq xoqxaof e laosiil ssolnei xoqseil, jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. [[Category:Wp/hni]] 8toha34hatt5n03698nqfbs8oa0zmfw 6707287 6707286 2025-07-11T04:42:07Z Aljef 2607892 6707287 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. [[Category:Wp/hni]] n30ddg53952lw4y2q6xn0sw0vedttlb 6707288 6707287 2025-07-11T04:42:30Z Aljef 2607892 6707288 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== [[Category:Wp/hni]] 3p1ryi12nvoevc4wxu0sq96tat5elrz 6707289 6707288 2025-07-11T04:42:44Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707289 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga [[Category:Wp/hni]] i23q41b3bpxk1mm2n5s7ey06wo26f50 6707292 6707289 2025-07-11T04:48:59Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707292 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. [[Category:Wp/hni]] gliue7n19xvjc04o9sdqquvfqc7ln93 6707293 6707292 2025-07-11T04:49:37Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707293 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga，sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq [[Category:Wp/hni]] o16a5g6js2uxvfjptsvdl7uqgvw73se 6707294 6707293 2025-07-11T04:49:47Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707294 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga，sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq, aqyoq yaol nalgol maq bi nal nia meil taoqngaoq nei kafyeiqtiq bi ssyuqtaq. [[Category:Wp/hni]] 1th4cfktr4j4la82h2wz4zqevipylfk 6707296 6707294 2025-07-11T04:54:39Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707296 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga，sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq, aqyoq yaol nalgol maq bi nal nia meil taoqngaoq nei kafyeiqtiq bi ssyuqtaq. Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq ngaoq, [[Category:Wp/hni]] oihg0a1e1hbyp5jyuo3dr3682dqm8n7 6707297 6707296 2025-07-11T04:54:49Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707297 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga，sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq, aqyoq yaol nalgol maq bi nal nia meil taoqngaoq nei kafyeiqtiq bi ssyuqtaq. Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq ngaoq, deivq siq e hhaq maq bo lieqgaq nalgol kevq. [[Category:Wp/hni]] kjb4n2hfdaisgrsh3al0j50omhroaci 6707298 6707297 2025-07-11T04:55:04Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707298 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga，sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq, aqyoq yaol nalgol maq bi nal nia meil taoqngaoq nei kafyeiqtiq bi ssyuqtaq. Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq ngaoq, deivq siq e hhaq maq bo lieqgaq nalgol kevq. Jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq aqhhovq covq yulhha bulduq meil qilsiq e sseiqgaol e dovq gaqquv qiq taq hha ssuq, [[Category:Wp/hni]] 6rgh22eybpuk4kntyqhy8euihwu4cah 6707299 6707298 2025-07-11T04:55:15Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707299 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga，sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq, aqyoq yaol nalgol maq bi nal nia meil taoqngaoq nei kafyeiqtiq bi ssyuqtaq. Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq ngaoq, deivq siq e hhaq maq bo lieqgaq nalgol kevq. Jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq aqhhovq covq yulhha bulduq meil qilsiq e sseiqgaol e dovq gaqquv qiq taq hha ssuq, yulmeil taoqngaoq mieiqyif gaolneiq maq luvq、hhexa maqna siq niaoq’aol mieiqyif yifziif yil daqhaol e col [[Category:Wp/hni]] rbsh7f46acq508wapp9o3fjp8u9b5mr 6707300 6707299 2025-07-11T04:55:29Z Aljef 2607892 /* Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq */ 6707300 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Halmeilnei Kolxoq Meil Aqhhovq Covq== Haq e qiq huvq liq '''lieqgaq yifmiaoq'''（流感疫苗） aqhhovq covq ngaoq, [[Wp/hni/Lieqgaq|lieqgaq]] maq bi nal lal leil huqteil yiffaq hhaqpyu hal bo nia e lulsul nga, aqhhovq covq col lieqgaq nalgol maq bi nal ssolnei aqmu nalgol qiqgao nei taoqngaoq yeiqzaof meil maq bi nal lal leil hhexa leil loqleilnei hev qivq. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Haq e Qiq Huvq Liq Maq Diq Maq Taq Qivq Nga Laq== Lieqgaq yifmiaoq covq naolhao, hholmol hholqei ngaoq haolleev [[Wp/hni/Kaftiq|kaftiq]]（抗體, ''antibody''） zaolduv nia, kaftiq ngaoq col hholmol hholqei maqceiv meil qiq huvq yozeiq jav, tyulliq kaftiq e syupi ngaoq siqse lo’qo maqceiv meil hhexa. Maqceiv, haq e qiq huvq e yifmiaoq hholqei duvqzul（毒株, ''strain''） ceiqfeiq kevq e dyul liq, lieqsiq e yomeeq duvqzul maq paol alnei pievq lal nga, yulmeil taoqngaoq haq e qiq huvq liq aqhhovq hha cov nga, hholmol hholqei e kaftiq ssolnei lieqsiq e duvqzul hha bi zaol lal. ==Lieqgaq Yifmiaoq Zahev e Colmavq== Yilwuf(醫護) colmavq, liqcuaq colnal haolleev colmavq、weifseil jeiqyif(衛生檢疫) colmavq kevq meil; Colmoq qu jilgef、taolnao hufli(護理) jilgef、fuqlifyeiq(福利院) kevq meil colmavq zaoqgao ssaoqlal e casoq e naoqmieivmieivssaq ssolnei yeiqgaol; Zaomanei casoq colmavq, tyuq ssaqguq guqssaq toq e jilgef、zaolxaoq(中學) xoqxaof(小學) e [[Wp/hni/Laosiil|laosiil]] ssolnei [[Wp/hni/Xoqseil|xoqseil]], jeilsoq bufmeiq e nieivqkuv laq e colmavq ssolnei gaolzof sseiqyeiq, aqmu lieqgaq dovq lal e colmavq kevq meil. ==Nalmeil Nei Pyuq e Lieqgaq Zahevnei Colmavq== Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq ngaqdu goqjal huqteilteilli wuqcuaf jeilzaoq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq nga, 3～17 huvq e colmavq yaol hoq lal. Aqhovq zeiljif lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq meihoq yifmiaoq nga, sil laq e nalgol bifduvq kevq, aqyoq yaol nalgol maq bi nal nia meil taoqngaoq nei kafyeiqtiq bi ssyuqtaq. Nalmeil nei pyuq e lieqgaq yifmiaoq ngaoq jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq ngaoq, deivq siq e hhaq maq bo lieqgaq nalgol kevq. Jeiqduvq hoqyifmiaoq aqhhovq covq yulhha bulduq meil qilsiq e sseiqgaol e dovq gaqquv qiq taq hha ssuq, yulmeil taoqngaoq mieiqyif gaolneiq maq luvq、hhexa maqna siq niaoq’aol mieiqyif yifziif yil daqhaol e col、ssaq’eq e ssaqmiq ssaq biqyeiq faq e colmavq aqhovq maq covq qivq. [[Category:Wp/hni]] alaqcpx84owu7gp7e02eco0xivm4aqq 3 3613800 6707282 2025-07-11T04:34:19Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707282 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 04:34, 11 July 2025 (UTC) dpg165kqqsndck5t6s5orm9s62b2maj 3 3613801 6707302 2025-07-11T05:02:28Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707302 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 05:02, 11 July 2025 (UTC) j2glp0761ftga21kl9r1e5rz9qytuty 3 3613802 6707306 2025-07-11T05:15:13Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707306 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 05:15, 11 July 2025 (UTC) dsomgwp0f3ozgx93bg34agx4px19ggp 3 3613803 6707314 2025-07-11T05:25:00Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707314 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 05:25, 11 July 2025 (UTC) q7v2fnwyn9sparpun2uz59dknlbx550 3 3613804 6707341 2025-07-11T06:23:18Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707341 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 06:23, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 2mrxnkn79tp9d071s9zbgvrm2cm1w76 0 3613805 6707348 2025-07-11T07:28:54Z Tee2emm 2607736 Created page with "'''Langtang Bato''' a sé gura vwel Plateau é Nigeria. Langtang North is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Langtang. Its geographical coordinates are 9°08′00″N 9°47′00″E. [[Category:Wp/bom]]" 6707348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Langtang Bato''' a sé gura vwel Plateau é Nigeria. Langtang North is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Langtang. Its geographical coordinates are 9°08′00″N 9°47′00″E. [[Category:Wp/bom]] nvjyysfb9nmsunapzk9ndsfqee9fn51 6707350 6707348 2025-07-11T07:49:01Z Tee2emm 2607736 6707350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Langtang Bato''' a sé vwara vwel Plateau é Nigeria. Té Langtang Bato é pomo Langtang. Langtang Bato a sé e 9°08′00″N 9°47′00″E. [[Category:Wp/bom]] l196exock2ysxqg1ix5hfyi71lnxuex 6707351 6707350 2025-07-11T07:50:01Z Tee2emm 2607736 6707351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Langtang Bato''' a sé gura vwel Plateau é Nigeria. Té Langtang Bato é pomo Langtang. Langtang Bato a sé e 9°08′00″N 9°47′00″E. [[Category:Wp/bom]] hac5gwitpddh88xlgjn5vx2jbu6c83c 0 3613806 6707365 2025-07-11T08:27:32Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 Created page with "{{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} File:Matthias Stom - Christ Crowned with Thorns.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Ὁ Ἰησοῦς Στεφανωθεὶς Ἀκάνθινος Στέφανος ὑπὸ Ματθίαν Στόμ (περὶ 1633–1639) δείκνυσι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐν τῷ Πάθει αὐτοῦ ὡς "Κύριον τῆς Ὑπομονῆς", φέροντα τὸν ἀκάνθινον στέφανον καὶ κάλαμον σκῆπτρον, ἐμπαϊζ..." 6707365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[File:Matthias Stom - Christ Crowned with Thorns.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Ὁ Ἰησοῦς Στεφανωθεὶς Ἀκάνθινος Στέφανος ὑπὸ Ματθίαν Στόμ (περὶ 1633–1639) δείκνυσι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐν τῷ Πάθει αὐτοῦ ὡς "Κύριον τῆς Ὑπομονῆς", φέροντα τὸν ἀκάνθινον στέφανον καὶ κάλαμον σκῆπτρον, ἐμπαϊζόμενον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων στρατιωτῶν.]] Ἡ '''Πάθος''' ἐστὶν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ βραχέος χρόνου πρὸ τοῦ τελευτῆσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Οὗτος ὁ χρόνος διηγεῖται ἐν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν εὐαγγελίοις περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῇ Γραφῇ. Οἱ Χριστιανοὶ μνημονεύουσιν ταῦτα τὰ γεγονότα κατ’ ἔτος ἐν τῇ Ἁγίᾳ Ἑβδομάδι. Ἡ Πάθος περιλαμβάνει πολλὰ σημαντικὰ γεγονότα, οἷον τὴν εἰσόδον τοῦ Ἰησοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ὡς βασιλέα, τὸν καθαρισμὸν τοῦ Ἱεροῦ, τὸ μύρον, τὸ δεῖπνον τὸ ἔσχατον μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν, τὴν προσευχὴν ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ μεγάλῃ, τὴν σύλληψιν, τὴν κρίσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ ἔπειτα ὑπὸ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Ῥωμαίων. Τελειούται δὲ μετὰ τὴν σταύρωσιν, τὸν θάνατον καὶ τὴν ταφήν. Τὰ μέρη τῆς Γραφῆς τὰ λέγοντα περὶ τούτων καλοῦνται αἱ ἱστορίαι τοῦ Πάθους. Ἐν τισὶν Χριστιανικαῖς παραδόσεσι, μνημονεύουσιν καὶ τὴν λύπην Μαρίας, τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, μάλιστα ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ καλουμένῃ Παρασκευῇ τῆς Λύπης. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] psjvir7omb9kw7musu8vbawktqic4qm 6707366 6707365 2025-07-11T08:27:44Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q623306]] 6707366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[File:Matthias Stom - Christ Crowned with Thorns.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Ὁ Ἰησοῦς Στεφανωθεὶς Ἀκάνθινος Στέφανος ὑπὸ Ματθίαν Στόμ (περὶ 1633–1639) δείκνυσι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐν τῷ Πάθει αὐτοῦ ὡς "Κύριον τῆς Ὑπομονῆς", φέροντα τὸν ἀκάνθινον στέφανον καὶ κάλαμον σκῆπτρον, ἐμπαϊζόμενον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων στρατιωτῶν.]] Ἡ '''Πάθος''' ἐστὶν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ βραχέος χρόνου πρὸ τοῦ τελευτῆσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Οὗτος ὁ χρόνος διηγεῖται ἐν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν εὐαγγελίοις περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῇ Γραφῇ. Οἱ Χριστιανοὶ μνημονεύουσιν ταῦτα τὰ γεγονότα κατ’ ἔτος ἐν τῇ Ἁγίᾳ Ἑβδομάδι. Ἡ Πάθος περιλαμβάνει πολλὰ σημαντικὰ γεγονότα, οἷον τὴν εἰσόδον τοῦ Ἰησοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ὡς βασιλέα, τὸν καθαρισμὸν τοῦ Ἱεροῦ, τὸ μύρον, τὸ δεῖπνον τὸ ἔσχατον μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν, τὴν προσευχὴν ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ μεγάλῃ, τὴν σύλληψιν, τὴν κρίσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ ἔπειτα ὑπὸ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Ῥωμαίων. Τελειούται δὲ μετὰ τὴν σταύρωσιν, τὸν θάνατον καὶ τὴν ταφήν. Τὰ μέρη τῆς Γραφῆς τὰ λέγοντα περὶ τούτων καλοῦνται αἱ ἱστορίαι τοῦ Πάθους. Ἐν τισὶν Χριστιανικαῖς παραδόσεσι, μνημονεύουσιν καὶ τὴν λύπην Μαρίας, τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, μάλιστα ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ καλουμένῃ Παρασκευῇ τῆς Λύπης. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] {{INTERWIKI|Q623306}} s1k7sj5mw0tw3jiqoebqhhj6rc0s0b2 0 3613807 6707370 2025-07-11T08:30:52Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 Created page with "{{Wp/grc/Dialext|koine}} [[File:Assisi-frescoes-entry-into-jerusalem-pietro lorenzetti.jpg|thumb|''Ἡ Εἴσοδος τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα'', Πέτρου Λορενζέττι, ἐν τῇ Βασιλικῇ τοῦ Ἁγίου Φραγκίσκου τῆς Ἀσσισίου.]] Ἡ '''εἰσόδος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν δόξῃ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα''' ἐστὶν διήγημα ἐν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν εὐα..." 6707370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialext|koine}} [[File:Assisi-frescoes-entry-into-jerusalem-pietro lorenzetti.jpg|thumb|''Ἡ Εἴσοδος τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα'', Πέτρου Λορενζέττι, ἐν τῇ Βασιλικῇ τοῦ Ἁγίου Φραγκίσκου τῆς Ἀσσισίου.]] Ἡ '''εἰσόδος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν δόξῃ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα''' ἐστὶν διήγημα ἐν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν εὐαγγελίοις, διηγούμενον τὴν ἄφιξιν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς ἑορτάζεται κατ’ ἔτος ὑπὸ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐν τῇ Κυριακῇ τῶν Βαΐων. Κατὰ τὰ εὐαγγέλια, ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἵνα ἑορτάσῃ τὸ Πάσχα, εἰσελθὼν ἐπὶ πώλου ὄνου. Ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ ὄχλος, αἰνοῦντες αὐτὸν κραδαίνοντες κλάδους φοινίκων καὶ στρώννυτες τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἰς τιμήν αὐτοῦ. Αὕτη ἡ περικοπὴ εἰσαγάγει τὰ γεγονότα τοῦ Πάθους τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ἅπερ ἀποτελεῖται ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ καὶ τῇ ἀναστάσει αὐτοῦ. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] 6tjrxwhnx8zfzowbmgzaxx7itkfjqa0 6707371 6707370 2025-07-11T08:31:13Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 6707371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[File:Assisi-frescoes-entry-into-jerusalem-pietro lorenzetti.jpg|thumb|''Ἡ Εἴσοδος τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα'', Πέτρου Λορενζέττι, ἐν τῇ Βασιλικῇ τοῦ Ἁγίου Φραγκίσκου τῆς Ἀσσισίου.]] Ἡ '''εἰσόδος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν δόξῃ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα''' ἐστὶν διήγημα ἐν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν εὐαγγελίοις, διηγούμενον τὴν ἄφιξιν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς ἑορτάζεται κατ’ ἔτος ὑπὸ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐν τῇ Κυριακῇ τῶν Βαΐων. Κατὰ τὰ εὐαγγέλια, ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἵνα ἑορτάσῃ τὸ Πάσχα, εἰσελθὼν ἐπὶ πώλου ὄνου. Ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ ὄχλος, αἰνοῦντες αὐτὸν κραδαίνοντες κλάδους φοινίκων καὶ στρώννυτες τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἰς τιμήν αὐτοῦ. Αὕτη ἡ περικοπὴ εἰσαγάγει τὰ γεγονότα τοῦ Πάθους τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ἅπερ ἀποτελεῖται ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ καὶ τῇ ἀναστάσει αὐτοῦ. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] bxsotlwqmfsfyvtrqt42tbjhbbrlvhe 6707372 6707371 2025-07-11T08:31:19Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q554887]] 6707372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[File:Assisi-frescoes-entry-into-jerusalem-pietro lorenzetti.jpg|thumb|''Ἡ Εἴσοδος τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα'', Πέτρου Λορενζέττι, ἐν τῇ Βασιλικῇ τοῦ Ἁγίου Φραγκίσκου τῆς Ἀσσισίου.]] Ἡ '''εἰσόδος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν δόξῃ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα''' ἐστὶν διήγημα ἐν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν εὐαγγελίοις, διηγούμενον τὴν ἄφιξιν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς ἑορτάζεται κατ’ ἔτος ὑπὸ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐν τῇ Κυριακῇ τῶν Βαΐων. Κατὰ τὰ εὐαγγέλια, ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἵνα ἑορτάσῃ τὸ Πάσχα, εἰσελθὼν ἐπὶ πώλου ὄνου. Ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ ὄχλος, αἰνοῦντες αὐτὸν κραδαίνοντες κλάδους φοινίκων καὶ στρώννυτες τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἰς τιμήν αὐτοῦ. Αὕτη ἡ περικοπὴ εἰσαγάγει τὰ γεγονότα τοῦ Πάθους τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ἅπερ ἀποτελεῖται ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ καὶ τῇ ἀναστάσει αὐτοῦ. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] {{INTERWIKI|Q554887}} 4n36lj4buq82akjea0bl3q60391i8cu 0 3613808 6707374 2025-07-11T08:36:22Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 Created page with "{{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[Image:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|right|400px|«Ὁ Μυστικὸς Δεῖπνος», Λεονάρδου τοῦ Δαβίντσι.]] Ἡ '''Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος''' ἦν τὸ τελευταῖον δεῖπνον ὃ ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, τῶν ἀποστόλων καλουμένων, ἐν Ἱεροσολύμο..." 6707374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[Image:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|right|400px|«Ὁ Μυστικὸς Δεῖπνος», Λεονάρδου τοῦ Δαβίντσι.]] Ἡ '''Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος''' ἦν τὸ τελευταῖον δεῖπνον ὃ ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, τῶν ἀποστόλων καλουμένων, ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις πρὸ τοῦ σταυρωθῆναι αὐτὸν. Οἱ Χριστιανοὶ μνημονεύουσιν τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς μάλιστα ἐν τῇ Ἁγίᾳ Πέμπτῃ. Αὕτη ἡ τράπεζα σημαντική ἐστιν, διότι ἐστὶν ἡ βάσις τῆς Χριστιανικῆς πράξεως τῆς καλουμένης Εὐχαριστίας, ἣ καὶ ὀνομάζεται Ἁγία Κοινωνία ἢ Κυριακὸν Δεῖπνον. Ἡ διήγησις τῆς Ἐσχάτης Δείπνου εὑρίσκεται ἐν τέσσαρσι βιβλίοις τῆς Καινῆς Διαθήκης. Ἡ παλαιοτάτη μνεία γίνεται ἐν ἐπιστολῇ ὑπὸ Παύλου γραφείσῃ (Α΄ Κορινθίους 11:23–25). Τὰ τέσσαρα Εὐαγγέλια λέγουσιν ὅτι ἡ Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ Πάσχα, μετ’ ὀλίγας ἡμέρας ἀφ’ οὗ εἰσῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ εὐθὺς πρὸ τοῦ θανατωθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Παρασκευῇ τοῦ Σταυροῦ. Ἐν τῇ τραπέζῃ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν ὅτι εἷς τῶν ἀποστόλων παραδώσει αὐτόν. Εἶπεν δὲ καὶ τῷ Πέτρῳ ὅτι ἀρνήσεται αὐτὸν τρὶς πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι. Ἐν τρισὶ τῶν Εὐαγγελίων καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ τοῦ Παύλου, ὁ Ἰησοῦς δίδωσι τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἄρτον λέγων· «Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον». Ἐν τούτῳ τῷ καιρῷ γίνεται ἡ ἔννοια τῆς Κοινωνίας. Τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην Εὐαγγέλιον προσθέτει ὅτι ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἔνιψεν τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθητῶν, ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς ἀγαπᾶν ἀλλήλους καθὼς ἠγάπησεν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐλάλησεν μακρὰν ὁμιλίαν ἑτοιμάζων αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὴν ἀποχώρησιν αὐτοῦ. Ἐκάλεσεν δὲ αὐτοὺς φίλους, οὐκέτι δούλους μόνον. Τινὲς σοφοὶ πιστεύουσιν ὅτι ἡ Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος ἐμόρφωσε τὰς πρώτας Χριστιανικὰς παραδόσεις τῆς Εὐχαριστίας. Ἄλλοι δὲ νομίζουσιν ὅτι ἡ διήγησις τῆς Ἐσχάτης Δείπνου ἴσως ἐπληρώθη ὑπὸ τοῦ τρόπου καθ’ ὃν οἱ πρῶτοι Χριστιανοὶ ἤδη ἐπετέλουν τὴν Εὐχαριστίαν. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] 6kh7uog4hf2dahibbbmfj2msp646v9x 6707375 6707374 2025-07-11T08:36:45Z Caro de Segeda 2556016 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q51633]] 6707375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|koine}} [[Image:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|right|400px|«Ὁ Μυστικὸς Δεῖπνος», Λεονάρδου τοῦ Δαβίντσι.]] Ἡ '''Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος''' ἦν τὸ τελευταῖον δεῖπνον ὃ ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, τῶν ἀποστόλων καλουμένων, ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις πρὸ τοῦ σταυρωθῆναι αὐτὸν. Οἱ Χριστιανοὶ μνημονεύουσιν τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς μάλιστα ἐν τῇ Ἁγίᾳ Πέμπτῃ. Αὕτη ἡ τράπεζα σημαντική ἐστιν, διότι ἐστὶν ἡ βάσις τῆς Χριστιανικῆς πράξεως τῆς καλουμένης Εὐχαριστίας, ἣ καὶ ὀνομάζεται Ἁγία Κοινωνία ἢ Κυριακὸν Δεῖπνον. Ἡ διήγησις τῆς Ἐσχάτης Δείπνου εὑρίσκεται ἐν τέσσαρσι βιβλίοις τῆς Καινῆς Διαθήκης. Ἡ παλαιοτάτη μνεία γίνεται ἐν ἐπιστολῇ ὑπὸ Παύλου γραφείσῃ (Α΄ Κορινθίους 11:23–25). Τὰ τέσσαρα Εὐαγγέλια λέγουσιν ὅτι ἡ Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ Πάσχα, μετ’ ὀλίγας ἡμέρας ἀφ’ οὗ εἰσῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ εὐθὺς πρὸ τοῦ θανατωθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Παρασκευῇ τοῦ Σταυροῦ. Ἐν τῇ τραπέζῃ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν ὅτι εἷς τῶν ἀποστόλων παραδώσει αὐτόν. Εἶπεν δὲ καὶ τῷ Πέτρῳ ὅτι ἀρνήσεται αὐτὸν τρὶς πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι. Ἐν τρισὶ τῶν Εὐαγγελίων καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ τοῦ Παύλου, ὁ Ἰησοῦς δίδωσι τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἄρτον λέγων· «Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον». Ἐν τούτῳ τῷ καιρῷ γίνεται ἡ ἔννοια τῆς Κοινωνίας. Τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην Εὐαγγέλιον προσθέτει ὅτι ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἔνιψεν τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθητῶν, ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς ἀγαπᾶν ἀλλήλους καθὼς ἠγάπησεν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐλάλησεν μακρὰν ὁμιλίαν ἑτοιμάζων αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὴν ἀποχώρησιν αὐτοῦ. Ἐκάλεσεν δὲ αὐτοὺς φίλους, οὐκέτι δούλους μόνον. Τινὲς σοφοὶ πιστεύουσιν ὅτι ἡ Ἐσχάτη Δεῖπνος ἐμόρφωσε τὰς πρώτας Χριστιανικὰς παραδόσεις τῆς Εὐχαριστίας. Ἄλλοι δὲ νομίζουσιν ὅτι ἡ διήγησις τῆς Ἐσχάτης Δείπνου ἴσως ἐπληρώθη ὑπὸ τοῦ τρόπου καθ’ ὃν οἱ πρῶτοι Χριστιανοὶ ἤδη ἐπετέλουν τὴν Εὐχαριστίαν. {{Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}} [[Category:Wp/grc]] [[Category:Wp/grc/Ἰησοῦς Χριστός]] {{INTERWIKI|Q51633}} m5ipys992gegqt05wf4lrvdc5tna12t 3 3613810 6707376 2025-07-11T08:54:11Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707376 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 08:54, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 10he32au7pjguswd8cb16zu0rj2pbha 3 3613811 6707377 2025-07-11T09:16:14Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707377 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 09:16, 11 July 2025 (UTC) lngwysi7w3p598wp0au2yeryn8tq5yl 0 3613812 6707378 2025-07-11T09:18:21Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{test wiki | status = open | language = Language name in English | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }}" 6707378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test wiki | status = open | language = Language name in English | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }} i81uwmz7cwq720hn61x9lfaabnjtjg7 6707379 6707378 2025-07-11T09:18:48Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 6707379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test wiki | status = open | language = Lambadi | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }} ngrh4gr6b3b6yxtp7cqm61o18pg88v7 0 3613813 6707381 2025-07-11T09:20:58Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Пан Хаунд 2 moved page [[Wq/ms/Template:!]] to [[Template:Wq/ms/!]] 6707381 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wq/ms/!]] jo6h2566cv39otkplc4why065vk7sk0 0 3613814 6707382 2025-07-11T09:26:54Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{test wiki | status = open | language = Pontic Greek | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }}" 6707382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test wiki | status = open | language = Pontic Greek | meta = <!-- is there a request on Meta-Wiki? --> }} rh4eudno4qy8vzwyrjaz1l0l3z3a9s7 0 3613815 6707391 2025-07-11T09:47:55Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # 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[[Wt/ho/haere|haere]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/haere|haere]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] io5rec6okfq8wk9rkag4yfhq8f4x16l 0 3613820 6707397 2025-07-11T09:50:09Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/imana|imana]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/imana|imana]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] dswa2iyuunubfd638cd9jjx3qd5yg3u 0 3613821 6707398 2025-07-11T09:50:32Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/ginidae|ginidae]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/ginidae|ginidae]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] j437qk2czepgucwsglokb8mgoyfsr34 0 3613822 6707399 2025-07-11T09:51:06Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/daekau|daekau]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/daekau|daekau]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] k22uqfeal0y9857wlbiwa1zoitfzbly 0 3613823 6707401 2025-07-11T09:51:30Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/henanadaia|henanadaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/henanadaia|henanadaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] opy4rff760767wmy087uu9r1ctd67fq 10 3613824 6707405 2025-07-11T09:56:23Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{#invoke:wq/syl/Rptchars|leftBraces|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6707405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:wq/syl/Rptchars|leftBraces|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Wq/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> 1vv26pbmwcvoy2v1gu5wwzwwpunn1uv 10 3613825 6707406 2025-07-11T09:56:40Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{#invoke:wb/syl/Rptchars|leftBraces|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Wn/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6707406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:wb/syl/Rptchars|leftBraces|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Wn/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> 19yiau07z6hkmir7f24uz0vapg6qfjk 10 3613826 6707407 2025-07-11T09:57:44Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<!-- Subst of {{wb/syl/Tl2}} follows --><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{sister|}}} | {{{sister}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{lang|}}} | {{{lang}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>ns:Template }}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{4|}}} | &#124;{{{4}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{5|}}} | &#124;{{{5}}} }}{{..." 6707407 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Subst of {{wb/syl/Tl2}} follows --><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{sister|}}} | {{{sister}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{lang|}}} | {{{lang}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>ns:Template }}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{4|}}} | &#124;{{{4}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{5|}}} | &#124;{{{5}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{6|}}} | &#124;{{{6}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{7|}}} | &#124;{{{7}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{8|}}} | &#124;{{{8}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{9|}}} | &#124;{{{9}}} }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><!-- Subst of {{wb/syl/Tl2}} ends --><noinclude> {{wb/syl/Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9bfa59351i4fqkv9lx5rcwtayslb8xa 10 3613827 6707408 2025-07-11T09:59:25Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{#invoke:wn/syl/Rptchars|leftBraces|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Wn/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6707408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:wn/syl/Rptchars|leftBraces|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Wn/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> dh6j0nfhdjf27yhf39m01sezo0v2y1u 12 3613828 6707409 2025-07-11T10:06:35Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "." 6707409 wikitext text/x-wiki . 6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb 10 3613829 6707412 2025-07-11T10:12:31Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Chinese language.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]] Chinese" 6707412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Chinese language.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]] Chinese kzory0ga7v3jirjlo1wqr4pwwq3r2kv 6707440 6707412 2025-07-11T10:28:35Z Languages309 2594026 6707440 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of China.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Chinese|Chinese]] mvhbxlzsvgsrd17stv0f2e632pu1wwc 0 3613830 6707414 2025-07-11T10:14:02Z Didierwiki 2601876 introduction d'article baoulé 6707414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. [[Category:Wp/bci]] s1a31vaxbxxfmatwio2oax2i5ub8w2m 6707415 6707414 2025-07-11T10:16:15Z Didierwiki 2601876 Ajout de titre de section 6707415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == [[Category:Wp/bci]] 38gt30b785tdw3ypx1lu5jh2hcu4oc4 6707417 6707415 2025-07-11T10:18:00Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* Asiɛ i su ndɛ */ ajout de sous titre 1 6707417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === [[Category:Wp/bci]] 9w5wvofshxjktsb1z0b2t00wokbg3sh 6707437 6707417 2025-07-11T10:27:02Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* N'dɛ */ Ajout de phrase 6707437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === Klɔ sɔ wo kacɛ klɔ dan i nu, ɔ ti nvle i nglo lɔ lika nu lɔ, ɔ ni Mali ni Burkina Faso be afiɛn ti nu. [[Category:Wp/bci]] kskrlwsdy0lzya9j21smn1er3h9m2m6 6707446 6707437 2025-07-11T10:32:28Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* N'dɛ */ Ajout de phrase 6707446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === Klɔ sɔ wo kacɛ klɔ dan i nu, ɔ ti nvle i nglo lɔ lika nu lɔ, ɔ ni Mali ni Burkina Faso be afiɛn ti nu. Klɔ nga be mantan lɛ kpa, mɔ be ti akpasua nga be dunman o be su be klɔ dan wie, yɛle Korhogo m’ɔ ti kilometi 96, ɔ ni Tingréla m’ɔ ti kilometi 120, be o akpasua kungba nu; Odienné, m’ɔ o Kabadougou lɔ, m’ɔ ni Guinée be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 180; Séguéla m’ɔ ti kilometi 150, ɔ ni Mankono m’ɔ ti kilometi 180, be o Béré lɔ lika nu. [[Category:Wp/bci]] 6m8walg0l1zo4bv62af45irwumb46lj 6707468 6707446 2025-07-11T10:52:06Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* N'dɛ */ Ajout de phrase 6707468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === Klɔ sɔ wo kacɛ klɔ dan i nu, ɔ ti nvle i nglo lɔ lika nu lɔ, ɔ ni Mali ni Burkina Faso be afiɛn ti nu. Klɔ nga be mantan lɛ kpa, mɔ be ti akpasua nga be dunman o be su be klɔ dan wie, yɛle Korhogo m’ɔ ti kilometi 96, ɔ ni Tingréla m’ɔ ti kilometi 120, be o akpasua kungba nu; Odienné, m’ɔ o Kabadougou lɔ, m’ɔ ni Guinée be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 180; Séguéla m’ɔ ti kilometi 150, ɔ ni Mankono m’ɔ ti kilometi 180, be o Béré lɔ lika nu. Ɔ ni klɔ sɔ be kwlaa be afiɛn ti nu, yɛ be fa atin be sin nu. Ɔ ni Abidjan m’ɔ ti sika conndɛl ɛ i klɔ dan, ɔ ni nvle i klɔ dan be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 800, yɛ ɔ nin Yamoussoukro m’ɔ ti politiki klɔ dan’n be afiɛn’n ti nun kilo 600. [[Category:Wp/bci]] tmh0jwj6b6zc65emr392mwnpf5lqhur 6707475 6707468 2025-07-11T10:54:27Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* Asiɛ i su ndɛ */ ajout de sous titre 1 6707475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === Klɔ sɔ wo kacɛ klɔ dan i nu, ɔ ti nvle i nglo lɔ lika nu lɔ, ɔ ni Mali ni Burkina Faso be afiɛn ti nu. Klɔ nga be mantan lɛ kpa, mɔ be ti akpasua nga be dunman o be su be klɔ dan wie, yɛle Korhogo m’ɔ ti kilometi 96, ɔ ni Tingréla m’ɔ ti kilometi 120, be o akpasua kungba nu; Odienné, m’ɔ o Kabadougou lɔ, m’ɔ ni Guinée be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 180; Séguéla m’ɔ ti kilometi 150, ɔ ni Mankono m’ɔ ti kilometi 180, be o Béré lɔ lika nu. Ɔ ni klɔ sɔ be kwlaa be afiɛn ti nu, yɛ be fa atin be sin nu. Ɔ ni Abidjan m’ɔ ti sika conndɛl ɛ i klɔ dan, ɔ ni nvle i klɔ dan be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 800, yɛ ɔ nin Yamoussoukro m’ɔ ti politiki klɔ dan’n be afiɛn’n ti nun kilo 600. Laa n'dɛ [[Category:Wp/bci]] o3mbprelvwxc5kvj55czof6dvqh00aq 6707478 6707475 2025-07-11T10:54:57Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* Asiɛ i su ndɛ */ ajout de sous titre 1 6707478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === Klɔ sɔ wo kacɛ klɔ dan i nu, ɔ ti nvle i nglo lɔ lika nu lɔ, ɔ ni Mali ni Burkina Faso be afiɛn ti nu. Klɔ nga be mantan lɛ kpa, mɔ be ti akpasua nga be dunman o be su be klɔ dan wie, yɛle Korhogo m’ɔ ti kilometi 96, ɔ ni Tingréla m’ɔ ti kilometi 120, be o akpasua kungba nu; Odienné, m’ɔ o Kabadougou lɔ, m’ɔ ni Guinée be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 180; Séguéla m’ɔ ti kilometi 150, ɔ ni Mankono m’ɔ ti kilometi 180, be o Béré lɔ lika nu. Ɔ ni klɔ sɔ be kwlaa be afiɛn ti nu, yɛ be fa atin be sin nu. Ɔ ni Abidjan m’ɔ ti sika conndɛl ɛ i klɔ dan, ɔ ni nvle i klɔ dan be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 800, yɛ ɔ nin Yamoussoukro m’ɔ ti politiki klɔ dan’n be afiɛn’n ti nun kilo 600. === Laa n'dɛ === [[Category:Wp/bci]] igkg24w9wj7y2hwrcthk35hro53qg45 6707538 6707478 2025-07-11T11:18:05Z Didierwiki 2601876 /* Laa n'dɛ */ Ajout de paragraphe 6707538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boundiali''' yɛ ɔ ti Boundiali akpasua i klɔ dan niɔn, Bagoué akpasua su lɔ. Klɔ sɔ wo Korhogo ni Kouto be afiɛn wia afiliɛ lɔ lika nu, Madinani wia atɔliɛ lɔ lika nu, Séguéla ni Mankono be afiɛn lɔ lika nu, yɛ Tingréla ni Minignan be afiɛn lɔ lika nun. I nufuɛ nga be waan be ti sran 92.792 afuɛ 2021 nu, be flɛ be kɛ “Boundialikas.” Kɛ afuɛ 2002 nu sa kekle ng’ɔ sacili nvle, m’ɔ yoli maan be fali Côte d’Ivoire be kpɛli nu, i sin, klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali, ɔ o Côte d’Ivoire i sonja uflɛuflɛ be sa nu. Kɛ ɔ fɛ i afuɛ 2007 nu mɔ be nga be ti alɛ i bo be trali Ouagadougou n'dɛ siesielɛ , awa i sielɛ w’a jran klɔ su lɔ ekun, kpɛkun w’a bo klɔ i kplanlɛ junman be bo ekun. == Asiɛ i su ndɛ == === N'dɛ === Klɔ sɔ wo kacɛ klɔ dan i nu, ɔ ti nvle i nglo lɔ lika nu lɔ, ɔ ni Mali ni Burkina Faso be afiɛn ti nu. Klɔ nga be mantan lɛ kpa, mɔ be ti akpasua nga be dunman o be su be klɔ dan wie, yɛle Korhogo m’ɔ ti kilometi 96, ɔ ni Tingréla m’ɔ ti kilometi 120, be o akpasua kungba nu; Odienné, m’ɔ o Kabadougou lɔ, m’ɔ ni Guinée be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 180; Séguéla m’ɔ ti kilometi 150, ɔ ni Mankono m’ɔ ti kilometi 180, be o Béré lɔ lika nu. Ɔ ni klɔ sɔ be kwlaa be afiɛn ti nu, yɛ be fa atin be sin nu. Ɔ ni Abidjan m’ɔ ti sika conndɛl ɛ i klɔ dan, ɔ ni nvle i klɔ dan be afiɛn ti nu kilometi 800, yɛ ɔ nin Yamoussoukro m’ɔ ti politiki klɔ dan’n be afiɛn’n ti nun kilo 600. === Laa n'dɛ === Kɛ nga lɔfuɛ be nuan ndɛ nga alapelifuɛ be kanni sa, afuɛ ya kpɔlɛ 14 nu yɛ be takali klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali niɔn. === Be siesielɛ === Kɛ nga lɔfuɛ be nuan ndɛ nga alapelifuɛ be kannin sa, afuɛ ya kpɔlɛ 14 nun yɛ be takali klɔ nga be flɛ i kɛ Boundiali niɔn. [[Category:Wp/bci]] lnkjwe1ffrc9ezqzh7peg0s5k7b94rj 10 3613831 6707416 2025-07-11T10:16:18Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wb/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=document }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6707416 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wb/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=document }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> ov1wsyf57d17lkj3kj1nk5414os5brl 10 3613832 6707422 2025-07-11T10:21:38Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wb/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=document }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude>" 6707422 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wb/syl/Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=document }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Wb/syl/Documentation}} </noinclude> ov1wsyf57d17lkj3kj1nk5414os5brl 3 3613833 6707432 2025-07-11T10:25:19Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707432 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 10:25, 11 July 2025 (UTC) halx3msmsm16ppdjphyt2ivbd1r8sm1 10 3613834 6707442 2025-07-11T10:29:05Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Russia.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Russian]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Russian|Russian]]" 6707442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Russia.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Russian]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Russian|Russian]] f1982lluivqznb9gkyuibqwss1m11q9 10 3613835 6707450 2025-07-11T10:38:11Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Hiri Motu]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Hiri Motu|Hiri Motu]]" 6707450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Hiri Motu]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Hiri Motu|Hiri Motu]] bgdx58j1ovizsubj5hibdze51sz161j 10 3613836 6707452 2025-07-11T10:39:14Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Portugal.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese|Portuguese]]" 6707452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Portugal.png|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese|Portuguese]] ryxp5nojzc073n2j4jibw0vcajgs202 6707453 6707452 2025-07-11T10:39:27Z Languages309 2594026 6707453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese|Portuguese]] a20a6j2vo1241m883m82eokncvhs5qy 10 3613837 6707455 2025-07-11T10:40:15Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/German]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/German|German]]" 6707455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/German]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/German|German]] css9d8bw5wo8jhv17orqu55vwt3w95b 10 3613838 6707456 2025-07-11T10:41:05Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Japanese]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Japanese|Japanese]]" 6707456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Japanese]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Japanese|Japanese]] d0u4egudyo4rvqkhsmkb3bwc1x1948f 10 3613839 6707457 2025-07-11T10:41:48Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Arabic]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Arabic|Arabic]]" 6707457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|25px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Arabic]] [[:Category:Wt/ho/Arabic|Arabic]] nk19zlht93msuo7xn576k1yaunqupe1 3 3613840 6707458 2025-07-11T10:42:04Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707458 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 10:42, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 3emdrbevny24x7xjzagpo2xrcwse75h 14 3613841 6707460 2025-07-11T10:44:37Z Languages309 2594026 Created blank page 6707460 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 6707461 6707460 2025-07-11T10:44:57Z Languages309 2594026 6707461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/ho]] n7v6hy4ttf2tge4r8xbid2bazz8aqiu 10 3613842 6707463 2025-07-11T10:49:31Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "== <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag_of_China.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]] Chinese</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]]" 6707463 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag_of_China.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]] Chinese</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Chinese]] odld5m948slfeuvm7lzfk3gvi9n4js1 10 3613843 6707464 2025-07-11T10:50:22Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "== <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]] Portuguese</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]]" 6707464 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]] Portuguese</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Portuguese]] gmfpmril7hk75mvtytavsa7o81gb6ao 10 3613844 6707465 2025-07-11T10:50:58Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "== <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Russian]] Russian</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Russian]]" 6707465 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Russian]] Russian</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Russian]] hlcj0sc88v9nyu17y72zk2dyma8248f 10 3613845 6707466 2025-07-11T10:51:33Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "== <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/German]] German</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/German]]" 6707466 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/German]] German</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/German]] of3xz1aabdcfdzo34gowpg2y4wiejfu 10 3613846 6707467 2025-07-11T10:52:02Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "== <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Japanese]] Japanese</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Japanese]]" 6707467 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span style="font-size:35px;"> [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|50px|link=Category:Wt/ho/Japanese]] Japanese</span> == [[Category:Wt/ho/Japanese]] 3xslaferqpptij6isidjyasio8bjozf 0 3613847 6707470 2025-07-11T10:53:07Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/doruna|doruna]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/doruna|doruna]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] kmvxfn94k5tw6ez7mpsqhol9a6znpjz 0 3613848 6707471 2025-07-11T10:53:28Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dika|dika]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dika|dika]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] d86z9nne231yea9niumgwaxxrb8g9zw 0 3613849 6707472 2025-07-11T10:53:44Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/puse|puse]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/puse|puse]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] oip7il97bzpth1fa2hvkx8zh08mf5f7 0 3613850 6707473 2025-07-11T10:53:59Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/biku|biku]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/biku|biku]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] k7m9k08v1h9a8i4koh7a6h7edfgo3ll 0 3613851 6707474 2025-07-11T10:54:15Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/bosea|bosea]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/bosea|bosea]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 5fdxyjidnbyjr5ist7dmcuuyxr54dwg 0 3613852 6707476 2025-07-11T10:54:28Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kone|kone]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kone|kone]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] fhs9jw065t5unskqo95gblqueqy9qta 0 3613853 6707477 2025-07-11T10:54:47Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kwadia|kwadia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kwadia|kwadia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 00chkmbj9d35enzrvhxx3ze96gy8f9e 0 3613854 6707479 2025-07-11T10:55:08Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/hamatamaia|hamatamaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/hamatamaia|hamatamaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] mw7qtbcertglsmjvyaerc7eprgixtiw 0 3613855 6707480 2025-07-11T10:55:26Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/gaba|gaba]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/gaba|gaba]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] ax0d158dhlmjlm9j4suigrmlm0b9dqe 0 3613856 6707481 2025-07-11T10:55:42Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/henuai|henuai]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/henuai|henuai]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] kqtvxmglt7aiptk2tg3k7qzz77xyr2g 0 3613857 6707482 2025-07-11T10:56:03Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/buatau|buatau]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/buatau|buatau]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] rtfvkio7nlfz4gfru742omnwkpwgm99 0 3613858 6707483 2025-07-11T10:56:30Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/bada|bada]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/bada|bada]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] ggr2xc553ucy0xgspxrt66hthut8gy8 0 3613859 6707484 2025-07-11T10:56:45Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/koria|koria]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/koria|koria]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 2s67uegvzynmj9w4kn5u2qnzuz2gi6c 0 3613860 6707485 2025-07-11T10:56:58Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/korema|korema]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/korema|korema]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] oj0xqo9e5u55ft4ddkz4g4ncu1jj894 0 3613861 6707486 2025-07-11T10:57:16Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/vaiuri|vaiuri]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/vaiuri|vaiuri]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] dw1xfgxqz3ggtbhmgixt5zgwiti94eq 0 3613862 6707487 2025-07-11T10:57:30Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/rarana|rarana]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/rarana|rarana]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] tnb48v4ep3vq4rms5bc16lwnsg7fm2d 0 3613863 6707488 2025-07-11T10:57:52Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/tau-anina|tau-anina]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/tau-anina|tau-anina]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 1myiar3ul2qzgtjtco1rbfm9yd3jjry 0 3613864 6707489 2025-07-11T10:58:05Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/turia|turia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/turia|turia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] czvaifuk061i0pyfu7xceoffgz2qndv 0 3613865 6707490 2025-07-11T10:58:21Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/abitorehai|abitorehai]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/abitorehai|abitorehai]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 38ef0phqn4qm2pbi3oki30udl3oylzd 0 3613866 6707491 2025-07-11T10:58:38Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kavabu|kavabu]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kavabu|kavabu]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 3oanf9znx7vi8rsmde1c8ckmszrvydu 0 3613867 6707492 2025-07-11T10:58:51Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/maua|maua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/maua|maua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 9bji1c42lrkhtth9bgrf8dfd3ecb90y 0 3613868 6707493 2025-07-11T10:59:15Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/hamakohia|hamakohia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/hamakohia|hamakohia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] bq3y9qyrefc6k9jsawfeu2mf46f5yex 0 3613869 6707494 2025-07-11T10:59:34Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/mailaia|mailaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/mailaia|mailaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 12e4gcenb4bmsahnjje365nn9nsne17 0 3613870 6707495 2025-07-11T10:59:54Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/makohi|makohi]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/makohi|makohi]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] lvdivfgfm684cah93001g8k1mvnq2sk 0 3613871 6707496 2025-07-11T11:00:15Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/doua|doua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/doua|doua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] ku51v98epaix5fs796cnivq5sh08o4w 0 3613872 6707497 2025-07-11T11:00:26Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{=en=}} # [[uda]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{=en=}} # [[uda]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] ay7wy9z5jew8ng4u17de3s6nxgq3ith 6707500 6707497 2025-07-11T11:00:36Z Languages309 2594026 6707500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/uda|uda]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] pmax7a1dz7h6vkuzmmvtjljy6a029i1 3 3613873 6707498 2025-07-11T11:00:28Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707498 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:00, 11 July 2025 (UTC) b6u3fsirbiryk1amurjqvwghcf1kz0o 3 3613874 6707499 2025-07-11T11:00:36Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707499 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:00, 11 July 2025 (UTC) b6u3fsirbiryk1amurjqvwghcf1kz0o 0 3613875 6707501 2025-07-11T11:01:19Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/boiria|boiria]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/boiria|boiria]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] ei6j8x7k02w3tpc6c0mvckdiegepde5 0 3613876 6707502 2025-07-11T11:01:38Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/vanagi|vanagi]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/vanagi|vanagi]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] nf8bh1ldwlbiuki0n0odkii2irpgq9v 0 3613877 6707503 2025-07-11T11:02:01Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/namonamo|namonamo]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/namonamo|namonamo]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] i4v2hvok77ipdv6aftcfe51qav9x7as 0 3613878 6707504 2025-07-11T11:02:18Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/huaia|huaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/huaia|huaia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] mtgbzirjxnmeqkhhw8b41pnueef17e0 0 3613879 6707505 2025-07-11T11:02:31Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/helai gauna|helai gauna]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/helai gauna|helai gauna]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 2f53bbbu4t5b53zrbiaiu3hoow98o3z 3 3613880 6707506 2025-07-11T11:02:37Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707506 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:02, 11 July 2025 (UTC) 3u95l6045zhd9j7d9v3dju1yklhzzec 0 3613881 6707507 2025-07-11T11:02:45Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kemena|kemena]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/kemena|kemena]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] h1s70jo9lb1tblleqt6ugvsdru20phx 0 3613882 6707508 2025-07-11T11:03:01Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{=en=}} # [[lohia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{=en=}} # [[lohia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 46ro2fexvb1u9ls80lfkgutlk8dw4pk 6707509 6707508 2025-07-11T11:03:11Z Languages309 2594026 6707509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/lohia|lohia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] lomdnknvczkq4hi3hgske5a9m1i1bcl 0 3613883 6707511 2025-07-11T11:03:35Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dubu|dubu]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dubu|dubu]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 54nvb3fp9j2416keq4op1kc4z1zg7x0 0 3613884 6707512 2025-07-11T11:03:51Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/goevagoeva|goevagoeva]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/goevagoeva|goevagoeva]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] fdfglbi6o3st9borzmhi6uxvayks4y4 0 3613885 6707513 2025-07-11T11:04:09Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dina gauna|dina gauna]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dina gauna|dina gauna]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 87juro9vp8qtb3oa9k3umybxffle85b 0 3613886 6707514 2025-07-11T11:04:21Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dabua|dabua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/dabua|dabua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 8onqyfqytqkz9dabq584nltks43iovi 0 3613887 6707515 2025-07-11T11:04:35Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/ori|ori]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/ori|ori]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] geo6yasex2a8oihjqss9v3w2eop48y5 0 3613888 6707516 2025-07-11T11:04:52Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/niu|niu]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/niu|niu]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] mqo1sc6wva5su99e2jn69l78genaovb 0 3613889 6707517 2025-07-11T11:05:05Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/keru|keru]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/keru|keru]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 83pljc54jo2ws1tsyrnrczxbj18wy23 0 3613890 6707518 2025-07-11T11:05:19Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/nadua|nadua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/nadua|nadua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 4xeu5hq8akhoeff1vf45wv0x98d34rp 0 3613891 6707519 2025-07-11T11:05:44Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/varo|varo]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/varo|varo]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] kn2rq9kej923ayg05ugpoityk6s0wic 0 3613892 6707520 2025-07-11T11:06:00Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/hua|hua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/hua|hua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] egs0sk8dwuu94ea31y9iqoxlo3h1mez 0 3613893 6707522 2025-07-11T11:06:24Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/duahia|duahia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/duahia|duahia]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] nqfvkv4zvutw5pazogn9gl0uuh79nm5 0 3613894 6707523 2025-07-11T11:06:40Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/gageva|gageva]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/gageva|gageva]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] kw317ss0aaqp2l8yveyruzf9r2pr678 0 3613895 6707524 2025-07-11T11:06:54Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/taitai|taitai]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/taitai|taitai]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] 6wb5hprjl1jxpk7qi412dkjzmue23wg 0 3613896 6707525 2025-07-11T11:07:10Z Languages309 2594026 Created page with "{{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/utua|utua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]]" 6707525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ho/=en=}} # [[Wt/ho/utua|utua]] [[Category:Wt/ho]] p70zk95ht64dxe6bt2v09rneeb1o4tm 3 3613897 6707543 2025-07-11T11:29:41Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 6707543 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:29, 11 July 2025 (UTC) fb3b9xmt4ofdodg4mtxbji2n9ran3jm