Wiktionary jawiktionary https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 case-sensitive メディア 特別 トーク 利用者 利用者・トーク Wiktionary Wiktionary・トーク ファイル ファイル・トーク MediaWiki MediaWiki・トーク テンプレート テンプレート・トーク ヘルプ ヘルプ・トーク カテゴリ カテゴリ・トーク 付録 付録・トーク TimedText TimedText talk モジュール モジュール・トーク Event Event talk 0 995 2280147 2214675 2026-06-07T06:20:38Z Paalon 62792 /* {{prov}} */ 「熱弁」が「「辯」由来」と「「瓣」由来」の項目に加えられており、誤って加えられている「「瓣」由来」の項目から取り除いた。 2280147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|べん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|廾|2}} {{kanji variants|辯=[[旧字体]]/[[繁体字]]/[[別字衝突]]|辨=[[旧字体]]/[[簡体字]]/[[繁体字]]/[[別字衝突]]|瓣=[[旧字体]]/[[簡体字]]/[[繁体字]]/[[別字衝突]]|辩=[[簡体字]]|便=[[二簡字]]|辦=の[[代用字]]|辮=の[[代用字]]|卞|覍|㝸|𡭪|𠭛=[[本字]]|𢍍|𢍘|𢍙|𥿋|麰|抃}} <ref name="confliction">弁（[[新字体]]）の旧字体は「辨・瓣・辯」と3種類存在する。新字体の導入によって本来互いに異なるものだった字種が融合され、字義に沿った字の使い分けが全くできなくなるため、語意を不明瞭にする事態を引き起こしたとの見方もある。また、本来は別の語だったものが同じ表記となってしまった例も複数存在する。</ref> ===字源=== * [[象形文字|象形]]。最新の知見では以下の二説が有力である。<ref name="a" group="字源">陳劍「重論殷墟卜辭所謂「㲹」字：「尋詞推字」之又一例」『中國文字』總第十三期(二〇二五年夏季號)、萬卷樓圖書公司 福建師範大學文學院、2025年、第7-42頁。</ref>のち[[仮借]]して「[[かんむり]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[弁]] {{phoneme|*branh}}｝に用いる。 #（「[[廾]]（両手）」+「〇」の形に由来）両手を打ち合わせるさまを象る。「手を[[たたく]]」を意味する漢語｛[[拚]] {{phoneme|*pənh}}｝を表す字。<ref name="a" group="字源" /> #（「廾」+「𬺩」の形に由来）籠を手で持つさまを象る。「[[かご]]」を意味する漢語｛[[笲]] {{phoneme|*ban}}｝を表す字。<ref group="字源">趙平安「𡭪字上部所从應是笲的本字」『復旦大學出土文獻與古文字研究中心成立二十週年紀念 大會暨出土文獻與古文字研究國際學術研討會』會議論文集、2025年、第401-413頁。</ref> {{字源}} ====参考文献==== * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===字義=== [[Category:別字衝突]] #[[冠]]、[[かんむり]]。 #*武弁 =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ベン|施策=教育:5|呉音1=ベン;辨辯|漢音1=ヘン;辨辯|呉音2=ベン;瓣|漢音2=ハン;瓣|訓=あらそ-う;辯,かた-る;辯,おさ-める;辯,と-く;辯,はなびら;瓣,うりのなかご;瓣,わきた-む;辨,わき-ため;辨,わきま-える<わきまふ;辨,わ-ける;辨}}{{ja-kanji|呉音=ベン;弁|漢音=ヘン;弁|訓=かんむり;弁}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] #［辯］（'''[[ベン]]'''） 話。[[ことば]]。[[挨拶]]。 #*就任の弁 #［辯］（'''ベン'''） 話を述べる[[能力]]。 #*弁の立つ人 #［瓣］（'''ベン'''） 花びら。 #［瓣］（'''ベン'''） 管を流れる気体・液体の流れを制御する[[装置]]。[[バルブ]]。 #［瓣］（'''ベン'''） 生物の器官にある流路をさえぎる膜。 ==={{verb}}=== [[弁じる]]を参照 ===造語成分=== #［弁］[[冠]]（かんむり）。 #*[[弁髦]] #［辨／辧］正しいか正しくないかを分ける。わきまえる。 #*[[弁証]] [[弁明]] [[弁当]] [[勘弁]]　[[弁別]] #［辯］述べる。 #*[[弁解]] [[弁護]] [[弁舌]] [[弁論]] [[雄弁]] [[大阪弁]] #［瓣］花びら。 #*[[花弁]] #［瓣］管を流れる気体・液体の流れを制御する装置。[[バルブ]]。 #*[[弁膜]] [[安全弁]] #［辨／辧］[[弁当]]の略 #*[[駅弁]]、[[早弁]] ===問題点=== <references /> ==={{prov}}=== ====「弁」由来==== {{col3|lang=ja|会弁|冠弁|危弁|綦弁|瓊弁|試弁|雀弁|小弁|簪弁|酔弁|正弁|青弁|世知弁|世智弁聡|朝弁|投弁|皮弁|武弁|弁纓|弁韓|弁騏|弁瓊|弁言|弁語|弁首|弁裳|弁帯|弁端|弁絰|弁冕|冕弁|弁髦|弁慄}} ====「辯」由来==== {{col3|lang=ja|逸弁|江戸弁|大阪弁|延期抗弁|快弁|覈弁|活弁|関西弁|官選弁護人|勘弁|佹弁|機弁|詭弁|偽弁|詭弁学派|強制弁護|強弁|曲弁|警弁|高等弁務官|口頭弁論|口弁|弘弁|好弁|宏弁|高弁|苟弁|閎弁|抗弁|抗弁権|国選弁護人|顧問弁護士|再抗弁|最終弁論|才弁|細弁|察弁|私選弁護人|自然弁証法|四弁|思弁|辞弁|主任弁護人|証拠抗弁|自己弁護|心弁|精弁|贅弁|争弁|達弁|代弁|大弁|多弁|駄弁|端弁|談弁|治弁|知弁|馳弁|陳弁|通弁|手形抗弁|答弁|答弁書|東北弁|特別弁護人|訥弁|佞弁|熱弁|能弁|博弁|必要的弁護|敏弁|不弁|分弁|弁逸|弁円|弁解|弁議|弁詰|弁給|弁恵|弁慧|弁譎|弁言|弁讞|弁護|弁口|弁巧|弁護士|弁護士会|弁護士法|弁護人|弁詐|弁才|弁察|弁士|弁事|弁辞|弁識|弁者|弁釈|弁俊|弁捷|弁章|弁訟|弁照|弁証|弁証法|弁証法神学|弁証法的唯物論|弁証法的論理学|弁人|弁神論|弁数|弁正|弁省|弁析|弁斥|弁皙|弁舌|弁説|弁贍|弁疏|弁達|弁断|弁治|弁智|弁知|弁暢|弁通|弁難|弁佞|弁駁|弁博|弁白|弁弁|弁法|弁務官|弁明|弁利|弁理|弁麗|弁論|弁論主義|弁惑|明弁|問弁|唯物弁証法|雄弁|論弁}} ====「辨」由来==== {{col3|lang=ja|岩弁慶|右少弁|右大弁|内弁慶|右中弁|右弁官|駅弁|駅弁大学|陰弁慶|勘弁|外弁|高弁|腰弁|腰弁当|炬燵弁慶|済弁|左少弁|左大弁|左中弁|左弁官|七弁|思弁|支弁|自弁|思弁哲学|四無礙弁|周波数弁別器|主弁|松花堂弁当|少弁|処弁|措弁|総弁|代位弁済|代価弁済|代物弁済|大弁|知弁|茶弁当|中弁|蝶形弁|調弁|手弁当|頭弁|内弁|箱弁|浜弁慶草|橋弁慶|船弁慶|文体明弁|分弁|弁位|弁譌|弁覈|弁官|弁詰|弁究|弁慧|弁慶|弁慶蟹|弁慶縞|弁慶草|弁験|弁護|弁誤|弁告|弁済|弁才|弁才船|弁財船|弁才天|弁財天|弁士|弁至|弁似|弁辞|弁事|弁識|弁訟|弁証|弁章|弁償|弁色|弁姓|弁析|弁説|弁然|弁治|弁知|弁智|弁長|弁天|弁天娘|弁当|弁当箱|弁内侍|弁認|弁駮|弁白|弁博|弁卑|弁敏|弁誣|弁物|弁別|弁別閾|返弁|弁明|弁理|弁理士|武蔵坊弁慶|用弁|良弁|朗弁}} ====「瓣」由来==== {{col3|lang=ja|安全弁|滑動弁|滑弁|瓜弁|花弁|旗弁|吸入弁|空気弁|減圧弁|合弁|合弁花|瓠弁|三尖弁|三半月弁|舟弁|重弁|重弁花|浄弁|静脈弁|心臓弁膜|心臓弁膜症|唇弁|僧帽弁|玉弁|単弁|単弁花|出口弁|止弁|二尖弁|燃料噴射弁|排気弁|花弁宝貝|花弁餅|花弁雪|半月弁|分弁|弁香|弁鰓類|弁座|弁膜|房室弁|膨張弁|翼弁|離弁|離弁花|離弁花類|竜骨弁}} ====代用字==== 「[[辦]]」、「[[辮]]」の代用字として用いられることがある。 *[[辦]] ** [[合辦]]→[[合弁]] *** [[合弁会社]] ** [[買辦]]→[[買弁]] *** [[買弁的]] *[[辮]] **[[辮髪]]→[[弁髪]] ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=弁|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-02-22}} =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|bian4]] {{zh-han|m=biàn,pán|c=bin6,pun4|pfs=pan,pien|hrs=panˋ,pienˋ|gd=pien5|md=píeng|mc=y|oc=y}} :<span lang="zh">[[办]](bàn;辦)</span>も参照。 ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|bian4|noun|verb}} {{yue-cat|bin6|noun|verb}} {{hak-cat|pan4|noun|verb}} {{cdo-cat|pieng3|noun|verb}} {{ltc-cat|bjenH|noun|verb}} {{och-cat|brons|noun|verb}} #古代の冠の一種。 #書籍や長文の序文・序論。 #旧来の低級武官の呼称。 ==={{verb}}=== #（古代貴族の子弟が冠礼を行う際、弁で髪を束ね、礼が終わると弁を外して使わなくなることから）無用の物を喻す。 #軽視する。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|변|반|판}} ==={{prov}}=== {{col3|{{ko-l|변전의성|弁轉疑星}}|{{ko-l|변진|弁辰}}|{{ko-l|변진한|弁辰韓}}|{{ko-l|변한|弁韓}}|{{ko-l|변면|弁冕}}|{{ko-l|변모|弁髦}}|{{ko-l|변질|弁絰}}|{{ko-l|변행|弁行}}|{{ko-l|무변|武弁}}|{{ko-l|작변|雀弁}}|{{ko-l|작변|爵弁}}|{{ko-l|피변|皮弁}}}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|biện|bàn|biền}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-42-59|mj={{mjmoji|011124}}|gb=DBCD|cns=1-464F|全={{全字庫|83535}}|big5=A5AF|ksx=1001-5C27|kps=9566-DDEF}} {{検字|倉頡=IT,XIT|四角=2344.0}} {{字典|dj=0668.110|hdz=10514.070|大字源=2574|大漢語林=3112|康煕=0353.110|新大字典=4473|新潮漢字=3217|諸橋=9588|ch=498.202|vt=A01239}} r6phr0hh35d7i5ax8ubk71hy8210bdd 0 8930 2279932 1461542 2026-06-06T16:58:37Z Jiba1219 100610 2279932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゃくすう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ぎゃくすう|acc=3|dev=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぎゃくすう|kyu=逆數}} # （数学）ある[[かず|数]]に対して、[[かける|掛ける]]と[[1]]になるような数。ある数の-1[[乗]]。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|reciprocal}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|倒数|tr=dàoshǔ}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|역수(逆數)}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Kehrwert|m}}, {{t|de|reziproker Wert|f}} ==== {{rel}} ==== *[[逆元]] *[[単位元]] *[[分数]] *[[⅟]] [[Category:{{ja}} 数学]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|ni4shu4]] ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|nìshù}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|ni4shu4]] [[Category:{{zh}} 数学|ni4shu4]] {{zhchars|t=逆數}} #（日本語に同じ）逆数。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[倒数]] (dàoshǔ) i9adpeeshampm8r2dvm2es1xval60uu 2279933 2279932 2026-06-06T16:58:53Z Jiba1219 100610 2279933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゃくすう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ぎゃくすう|acc=3|dev=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぎゃくすう|kyu=逆數}} # （数学）ある[[かず|数]]に対して、[[かける|掛ける]]と[[1]]になるような数。ある数の-1[[乗]]。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|reciprocal}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|倒数|tr=dàoshǔ}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|역수(逆數)}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Kehrwert|m}}, {{t|de|reziproker Wert|f}} ==== {{rel}} ==== *[[逆元]] *[[単位元]] *[[分数]] *[[⅟]] [[Category:{{ja}} 数学]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|ni4shu4]] ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|nìshù|z=n}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|ni4shu4]] [[Category:{{zh}} 数学|ni4shu4]] {{zhchars|t=逆數}} #（日本語に同じ）逆数。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[倒数]] (dàoshǔ) b0ypo39tclp8vqyrsipg2x55dlxe0ql 10 9015 2280228 2217658 2026-06-07T09:34:08Z M-30722 1202 zhcharsの改良を反映 2280228 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--- コメントアウト部は投稿前にすべて削除してください ---> <noinclude><nowiki>{{</nowiki></noinclude><includeonly>{{</includeonly>kana-DEFAULTSORT|????<includeonly>}}</includeonly><noinclude><nowiki>}}</nowiki></noinclude><!--見出し語のふりがなを入力（例「図書館」…「としょかん」と入力）--> =={{L|ja}}== <!--言語 (日本語)--> {{wikipedia}} <!--ウィキペディアへのリンク、プレビューを実行してウィキペディアに記事なければ削除--> ==={{etym}}=== <!--語源--> <!--発音 (日本語)　アクセントや発音記号の記載のない限りコメントアウト ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=|acc_ref=}} --> <!-- {{interjection|ja}} 感動詞 {{adjective}} 形容詞 {{pronoun}} 代名詞 {{verb}} 動詞 {{adverb}} 副詞 --> ==={{noun}}=== <!--品詞 (名詞)--> <noinclude><nowiki>{{</nowiki></noinclude><includeonly>{{</includeonly>ja-noun|ふりがな<includeonly>}}</includeonly><noinclude><nowiki>}}</nowiki></noinclude> # 意味1 #* 用例1-1 #* 用例1-2 # 意味2 #* 用例2-1 #* 用例2-2 ===={{conjug}}====<!---活用（動詞）---> <includeonly>{{日本語（種類）活用}}</includeonly> <!--- <種類>は「五段」、「上一段」、「下一段」「カ変」「サ変」「ザ変」など ---> <!---活用（形容詞）---> <includeonly>{{日本語形容詞活用}}</includeonly> <!---活用（形容動詞）---> <includeonly>{{日本語（種類）活用}}</includeonly> <!--- <種類>活用の種類を入力（ダ型なら「ダ」、タルト型なら「タルト」など） ---> <!---活用（古語助動詞、活用表1段）---> <includeonly>{{inf-ja-aux|（接続）|（未然）|（連用）|（終止）|（連体）|（已然）|（命令）}}</includeonly> <!--- <接続>接続を入力（未然形接続なら「未然」 <未然>～<命令>活用形を入力、なければ空欄 ---> <!---活用（古語助動詞、活用表2段）---> <includeonly>{{inf-ja-aux2|（接続）|（未然）|（連用）|（終止）|（連体）|（已然）|（命令）|（未然2）|（連用2）|（終止2）|（連体2）|（已然2）|（命令2）}}</includeonly> <!--- <接続>接続を入力（未然形接続なら「未然」 <未然>～<命令>活用形を入力、なければ空欄 <未然2>～<命令2>活用形を入力、なければ空欄 ---> ===={{syn}}==== <!--類義語--> *[[????]] ===={{ant}}==== <!--対意語--> *[[????]] ===={{drv}}==== <!--派生語--> *[[????]] ===={{rel}}==== <!--関連語--> *[[????]] *{{prov}}: <!--熟語-->[[????]] ===={{trans}}==== <!--訳語--> *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|????}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|????}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|????}} <!--漢字の言葉だと、よく中国語にもあるので中国語のテンプレート--> =={{L|zh}}== <!--言語 (中国語)--> ==={{pron}}=== <!--発音 (中国語)--> <includeonly>{{cmn-pron|（ピンイン）}}</includeonly> ==={{noun}}=== <!--品詞 (名詞)--> <includeonly>{{zh-cat|（4声つきピンイン）|名詞}}</includeonly> <includeonly>{{zhchars|t=????}}</includeonly><!--見出し語が簡体字の場合はこちらを使用--> <includeonly>{{zhchars|s=????}}</includeonly><!--見出し語が繁体字の場合はこちらを使用--> #意味1 #意味2 <noinclude>[[カテゴリ:編集作業支援|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> lttswm7kgfvjn206mdudewzrqdi31db 0 10013 2279982 2218552 2026-06-07T00:34:39Z 鍼灸 112313 /* {{drv}} */ 2279982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じてん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|じてん|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じてん]]}} # {{context|書物|lang=ja}}[[ことば|言葉]]の[[意味]]や[[発音]]、[[用例]]などを[[収録]]した本。{{おくりがな2|引|ひ|き|ひく}}やすいように言語ごとの[[字母]]順などによって[[配列]]してある。[[辞書]]に同じ。複合語では一般に辞典と呼ぶが、単独では[[辞書]]が多い。 #*1960年、吉川英治「辞典のすすめ」<ref>青空文庫（2013年5月4日作成）（底本：「吉川英治全集・47　草思堂随筆」講談社、1970（昭和45）年6月20日第1刷）https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001562/files/55270_50700.html</ref> #*:一冊の良い'''辞典'''を備えれば、数十冊のいや数百冊の雑書も不要になるかとさえ思われる。それほど'''辞典'''のエキスは濃密なのだ。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[国語辞典]]、[[古語辞典]]、[[漢和辞典]]、[[類語辞典]]、[[語源辞典]] *[[英語辞典]]、[[英和辞典]]、[[和英辞典]]、[[英英辞典]] *[[ロシア語辞典]]、[[露和辞典]]、[[和露辞典]]、[[露露辞典]] *[[ウクライナ語辞典]]、[[宇和辞典]]、[[和宇辞典]]、[[宇宇辞典]] *[[ベラルーシ語辞典]] *[[トルコ語辞典]]、[[土和辞典]]、[[和土辞典]]、[[土土辞典]] *[[ギリシア語辞典]]、[[希和辞典]]、[[和希辞典]]、[[希希辞典]] *[[フランス語辞典]]、[[仏和辞典]]、[[和仏辞典]]、[[仏仏辞典]] *[[オランダ語辞典]]、[[蘭和辞典]]、[[和蘭辞典]]、[[蘭蘭辞典]] *[[ドイツ語辞典]]、[[独和辞典]]、[[和独辞典]]、[[独独辞典]] *[[ポーランド語辞典]]、[[波和辞典]]、[[和波辞典]]、[[波波辞典]] *[[イタリア語辞典]]、[[伊和辞典]]、[[和伊辞典]]、[[伊伊辞典]] *[[スペイン語辞典]]、[[西和辞典]]、[[和西辞典]]、[[西西辞典]] *[[ポルトガル語辞典]]、[[葡和辞典]]、[[和葡辞典]]、[[葡葡辞典]] *[[ブルガリア語辞典]]、[[勃和辞典]]、[[和勃辞典]]、[[勃勃辞典]] *[[フィンランド語辞典]]、[[芬和辞典]]、[[和芬辞典]]、[[芬芬辞典]] *[[スウェーデン語辞典]]、[[瑞和辞典]]、[[和瑞辞典]]、[[瑞瑞辞典]] *[[ノルウェー語辞典]]、[[諾和辞典]]、[[和諾辞典]]、[[諾諾辞典]] *[[デンマーク語辞典]]、[[丁和辞典]]、[[和丁辞典]]、[[丁丁辞典]] *[[アイスランド語辞典]]、[[氷和辞典]]、[[和氷辞典]]、[[氷氷辞典]] *[[ラテン語辞典]]、[[ルーマニア語辞典]]、[[羅和辞典]]、[[和羅辞典]]、[[羅羅辞典]] *[[中国語辞典]]、[[中和辞典]]、[[和中辞典]]、[[中中辞典]] *[[朝鮮語辞典]]、[[朝和辞典]]、[[和朝辞典]]、[[朝朝辞典]] *[[モンゴル語辞典]]、[[蒙和辞典]]、[[和蒙辞典]]、[[蒙蒙辞典]] *[[ベトナム語辞典]]、[[越和辞典]]、[[和越辞典]]、[[越越辞典]] *[[タイ語辞典]]、[[泰和辞典]]、[[和泰辞典]]、[[泰泰辞典]] *[[インドネシア語辞典]]、[[尼和辞典]]、[[和尼辞典]]、[[尼尼辞典]] *[[マレー語辞典]]、[[馬和辞典]]、[[和馬辞典]]、[[馬馬辞典]] *[[ビルマ語辞典]]、[[緬和辞典]]、[[和緬辞典]]、[[緬緬辞典]] *[[ラーオ語辞典]]、[[寮和辞典]]、[[和寮辞典]]、[[寮寮辞典]] *[[百科辞典]] ===={{syn}}==== *[[辞書]] *[[字典]] *[[字引]] ===={{rel}}==== * [[事典]]、[[ひく|引く]] ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|pau|ziteng}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|言葉の意味や発音、用例などを収録した本|辞書}} ==={{noun}}:ことばてん=== {{ja-noun|ことばてん}} #辞典を「[[事典]]・[[字典]]」と呼び分けるための表現。 ====関連語==== *[[ことてん]] *[[もじてん]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|ci2dian3]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|ci2dian3]] [[Category:{{zh}}_書物|ci2dian3]] {{zhchars}}（ピンインcídiǎn, {{zh-ts|[[辭典]]}} ) #（日本語に同じ）辞書、辞典。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[词典]] ==註== <references/> ebut3prg0hzn00oi8qwfem53mrs6zdf 2280007 2279982 2026-06-07T00:58:27Z 鍼灸 112313 /* {{drv}} */ 2280007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じてん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|じてん|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じてん]]}} # {{context|書物|lang=ja}}[[ことば|言葉]]の[[意味]]や[[発音]]、[[用例]]などを[[収録]]した本。{{おくりがな2|引|ひ|き|ひく}}やすいように言語ごとの[[字母]]順などによって[[配列]]してある。[[辞書]]に同じ。複合語では一般に辞典と呼ぶが、単独では[[辞書]]が多い。 #*1960年、吉川英治「辞典のすすめ」<ref>青空文庫（2013年5月4日作成）（底本：「吉川英治全集・47　草思堂随筆」講談社、1970（昭和45）年6月20日第1刷）https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001562/files/55270_50700.html</ref> #*:一冊の良い'''辞典'''を備えれば、数十冊のいや数百冊の雑書も不要になるかとさえ思われる。それほど'''辞典'''のエキスは濃密なのだ。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[国語辞典]]、[[古語辞典]]、[[漢和辞典]]、[[類語辞典]]、[[語源辞典]] *[[アラビア語辞典]] *[[英語辞典]]、[[英和辞典]]、[[和英辞典]]、[[英英辞典]] *[[ロシア語辞典]]、[[露和辞典]]、[[和露辞典]]、[[露露辞典]] *[[ウクライナ語辞典]]、[[宇和辞典]]、[[和宇辞典]]、[[宇宇辞典]] *[[ベラルーシ語辞典]] *[[トルコ語辞典]]、[[土和辞典]]、[[和土辞典]]、[[土土辞典]] *[[ギリシア語辞典]]、[[希和辞典]]、[[和希辞典]]、[[希希辞典]] *[[フランス語辞典]]、[[仏和辞典]]、[[和仏辞典]]、[[仏仏辞典]] *[[オランダ語辞典]]、[[蘭和辞典]]、[[和蘭辞典]]、[[蘭蘭辞典]] *[[ドイツ語辞典]]、[[独和辞典]]、[[和独辞典]]、[[独独辞典]] *[[ポーランド語辞典]]、[[波和辞典]]、[[和波辞典]]、[[波波辞典]] *[[イタリア語辞典]]、[[伊和辞典]]、[[和伊辞典]]、[[伊伊辞典]] *[[スペイン語辞典]]、[[西和辞典]]、[[和西辞典]]、[[西西辞典]] *[[ポルトガル語辞典]]、[[葡和辞典]]、[[和葡辞典]]、[[葡葡辞典]] *[[ブルガリア語辞典]]、[[勃和辞典]]、[[和勃辞典]]、[[勃勃辞典]] *[[フィンランド語辞典]]、[[芬和辞典]]、[[和芬辞典]]、[[芬芬辞典]] *[[スウェーデン語辞典]]、[[瑞和辞典]]、[[和瑞辞典]]、[[瑞瑞辞典]] *[[ノルウェー語辞典]]、[[諾和辞典]]、[[和諾辞典]]、[[諾諾辞典]] *[[デンマーク語辞典]]、[[丁和辞典]]、[[和丁辞典]]、[[丁丁辞典]] *[[アイスランド語辞典]]、[[氷和辞典]]、[[和氷辞典]]、[[氷氷辞典]] *[[ラテン語辞典]]、[[ルーマニア語辞典]]、[[羅和辞典]]、[[和羅辞典]]、[[羅羅辞典]] *[[中国語辞典]]、[[中和辞典]]、[[和中辞典]]、[[中中辞典]] *[[朝鮮語辞典]]、[[朝和辞典]]、[[和朝辞典]]、[[朝朝辞典]] *[[モンゴル語辞典]]、[[蒙和辞典]]、[[和蒙辞典]]、[[蒙蒙辞典]] *[[ベトナム語辞典]]、[[越和辞典]]、[[和越辞典]]、[[越越辞典]] *[[タイ語辞典]]、[[泰和辞典]]、[[和泰辞典]]、[[泰泰辞典]] *[[インドネシア語辞典]]、[[尼和辞典]]、[[和尼辞典]]、[[尼尼辞典]] *[[マレー語辞典]]、[[馬和辞典]]、[[和馬辞典]]、[[馬馬辞典]] *[[ビルマ語辞典]]、[[緬和辞典]]、[[和緬辞典]]、[[緬緬辞典]] *[[ラーオ語辞典]]、[[寮和辞典]]、[[和寮辞典]]、[[寮寮辞典]] *[[百科辞典]] ===={{syn}}==== *[[辞書]] *[[字典]] *[[字引]] ===={{rel}}==== * [[事典]]、[[ひく|引く]] ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|pau|ziteng}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|言葉の意味や発音、用例などを収録した本|辞書}} ==={{noun}}:ことばてん=== {{ja-noun|ことばてん}} #辞典を「[[事典]]・[[字典]]」と呼び分けるための表現。 ====関連語==== *[[ことてん]] *[[もじてん]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|ci2dian3]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|ci2dian3]] [[Category:{{zh}}_書物|ci2dian3]] {{zhchars}}（ピンインcídiǎn, {{zh-ts|[[辭典]]}} ) #（日本語に同じ）辞書、辞典。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[词典]] ==註== <references/> e10uj9vj6j8d9z25bbsvzxlcvgc5xsi 0 12887 2279927 1153409 2026-06-06T15:51:09Z ~2026-33426-15 131861 /* ポルトガル語 */ 2279927 wikitext text/x-wiki ==フィンランド語== [[category:{{fi}}]] ==={{pron|fi}}=== * {{IPA0|[ˈt̪ɑlo]}} ===名詞=== [[category:{{fi}}_{{noun}}]] #{{ふりがな|家|いえ}}。 #[[たてもの|建物]]。 ===={{syn}}==== *(建物) [[rakennus]] ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} *[[kerrostalo]] *[[omakotitalo]] *[[paritalo]] {{mid4}} *[[rivitalo]] *[[talollinen]] *[[talonmies]] {{mid4}} *[[talonpoika]] *[[talonvaltaus]] *[[talonväki]] {{mid4}} *[[tavaratalo]] *[[uudistalo]] {{bottom}} ---- =={{pt}}== [[category:{{pt}}]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{pt}}_{{noun}}]] '''talo''' # {{ふりがな|柄|え}}。 == {{lud}} == [[category:{{lud}}]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{lud}}_{{noun}}]] '''talo''' # {{ふりがな|家|いえ}} f0e7ssqnks1j01zz4l0m5e5v3olikk0 2279935 2279927 2026-06-06T18:12:10Z M-30722 1202 2279935 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|fi}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=fi|[ˈt̪ɑlo]}} ===名詞=== {{head|fi|noun}} #{{タグ|fi|建物}}{{ふりがな|家|いえ}}。 #[[たてもの|建物]]。 #:{{syn|fi|rakennus}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top}} *[[kerrostalo]] *[[omakotitalo]] *[[paritalo]] *[[rivitalo]] *[[talollinen]] *[[talonmies]] *[[talonpoika]] *[[talonvaltaus]] *[[talonväki]] *[[tavaratalo]] *[[uudistalo]] {{bottom}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|pt|noun}} #{{ふりがな|柄|え}}。 =={{L|lud}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|lud|noun}} #{{タグ|lud|建物}}{{ふりがな|家|いえ}}。 rgaxyb9uvlgallmz327h8di15o3xfw4 0 14993 2279929 2212343 2026-06-06T15:59:45Z リュード語たん 131860 /* カレリア語 */ 2279929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mänty|manty}} =={{L|izh}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|urj-fin-pro|izh}} {{m|fiu-fin-pro|*mäntü}} ===={{cogn}}==== {{cog|et|mänd}} {{cog|fi|mänty}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{izh-p}} ===={{noun}}==== {{head|izh|noun}} #{{context|マツ科|lang=izh}}{{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 ====={{decl}}===== {{izh-decl/koivu|nt|nn}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{pron}}==== * {{izh-p}} ===={{verb}}==== {{head|izh|verb form}} #{{l|izh|männä}}の直説法現在完了否定第三人称複数形。 #männäの直説法現在完了肯定非人称複数形。 #männäの直説法現在完了否定非人称複数形。 #männäの直説法大過去否定第三人称複数形。 #männäの直説法大過去肯定非人称複数形。 #männäの直説法大過去否定非人称複数形。 #männäの条件法大過去否定第三人称複数形。 #männäの条件法大過去肯定非人称複数形。 #männäの条件法大過去否定非人称複数形。 #männäの命令法大過去否定第三人称複数形。 #männäの命令法大過去肯定非人称複数形。 #männäの命令法大過去否定非人称複数形。 ===={{participle}}==== {{head|izh|past passive participle}} #männäの過去受動分詞。 ====={{decl}}===== {{izh-decl/koivu|nt|nn}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:izh:Nirvi:1971|page=325}} =={{L|olo}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|urj-fin-pro|olo}} {{m|fiu-fin-pro|*mäntü}} ==={{noun}}=== {{olo-noun}} #{{context|マツ科|lang=olo}}{{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 =={{L|krl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|urj-fin-pro|krl}} {{m|fiu-fin-pro|*mäntü}} ==={{noun}}=== {{krl-noun}} #{{context|マツ科|lang=krl}}{{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 =={{L|lud}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|urj-fin-pro|krl}} {{m|fiu-fin-pro|*mäntü}} ==={{noun}}=== {{krl-noun}} #{{context|マツ科|lang=lud}}{{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 =={{L|fi}}== {{wikipedia|lang=fi}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|urj-fin-pro|fi}} {{m|fiu-fin-pro|*mäntü}} < {{ affix|fi|mäntä|-y}}。元々この語は「若松」を意味しており、{{m|fi|petäjä}} および {{m|fi|honka}} はより成熟したものに対して用いられていた。 ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-pronunciation}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fi-noun}} #{{context|マツ科|lang=fi}}{{ふりがな|松|まつ}}（{{taxfmt|Pinus|species}}）。 #{{context|マツ科|lang=fi}}{{ふりがな|松林|まつばやし}}。 #{{context|マツ科|lang=fi}}[[ヨーロッパアカマツ]]（{{taxlink|Pinus sylvestris|species}}）。 ===={{decl}}==== {{fi-decl-valo|mä|nt|nn|y|ä}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{sense|松林}} {{l|fi|mäntypuu}} * {{sense|ヨーロッパアカマツ}} {{l|fi|honka}}, {{l|fi|petäjä}} ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=fi|alppimänty|amerikanpunamänty|banksinmänty|bosnianmänty|kitumänty|kontortamänty|käkkyrämänty|käkkärämänty|kääpiömänty|Mennä päin mäntyä|metsämänty|montereynmänty|mustamänty|männikkö|männistö|männynhavu|männynherkkutatti|männynkaarna|männynkuori|männynkäkkyrä|männynkäkkärä|männynkäpy|männynkääpä|männynleppärousku|männynneulanen|männynpunikkitatti|männynrousku|männynruho|männynrunko|männynsiemen|männyntuoksuvalmuska|männynverso|Mänty|mäntyalue|mäntyankeroinen|mäntyhalko|Mäntyharju|mäntyhirsi|mäntyinen|Mäntykangas|mäntykangas|mäntykasvi|mäntykehrääjä|Mäntykenttä|mäntykiitäjä|Mäntykoski|mäntykuitu|mäntykukka|mäntylaji|mäntylauta|Mäntylä|Mäntymaa|mäntymaaorava|mäntymetsikkö|mäntymetsä|mäntymittari|Mäntymäki|Mäntynen|Mäntyniemi|mäntypaneeli|mäntypistiäinen|mäntypuu|Mäntyranta|Mäntysaari|mäntysaippua|Mäntysalo|mäntysirkku|mäntysuopa|Mäntyvaara|mäntyvaltainen|mänty-yökkönen|mäntyöljy|oregonmänty|sembramänty|turkinmänty|vihnemänty|vuorimänty}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|fi|kelo}} ===脚注=== * {{R:Hakkinen 2005}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:KTSK|accessdate=2023年7月3日}} 0bxqv7n7yonr0i8zwp3tc6f1syr22ii 0 15174 2280070 1861709 2026-06-07T02:58:11Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 /* 英語 */ 2280070 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== [[category:{{en}}]] {{wikipedia|lang=en|mul=Child (disambiguation)}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|RP|GA}} {{enPR|chīld}}, {{IPA|lang=en|/t͡ʃaɪld/|[t͡ʃaɪ̯ɫd]|[ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯.ɫ̩d]}} * {{audio|en|En-uk-child.ogg|音声 (英)}} *{{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-child.wav|音声}} * {{audio|en|En-us-child.ogg|音声 (米)}} ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{en}}_{{noun}}]] [[category:{{en}}_不規則複数形の名詞]] {{p}}:[[children]] #{{ふりがな|子供|こども}}、{{ふりがな|子|こ}}。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[childish]] *[[childlike]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[childbearing]] *[[childbirth]] *[[childhood]] *[[childless]] *[[childminding]] *[[child abuse]] *[[child prodigy]] l7c0n3t0iatcffay34nd1b3y7i0yrl3 0 15276 2279825 1797360 2026-06-06T13:06:20Z M-30722 1202 2279825 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|fot}}, {{m|enm|fote}}, {{m|enm|foot}} < {{etyl|ang}} {{m|ang|fōt}} < {{etyl|gmw-pro}} {{m|gmw-pro|*fōt}} < {{etyl|gem-pro}} {{m|gem-pro|*fōts}} < {{etyl|ine-pro}} {{m|ine-pro|*pṓds}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=en|fʊt}} * {{音声|en|en-us-foot.ogg|a=米}} * {{音声|en|en-uk-foot.ogg|a=英}} * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-foot.wav|a=英}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|feet|irr=y}} #{{タグ|en|解剖学}}{{ふりがな|足|あし}}。 #*[[cf.]][[leg]] #[[歩行]]。 #[[下部]]。 #[[詩脚]]。 #{{タグ|en|単位|label=ヤードポンド法における長さの単位}}[[フット]]（[[フィート]]の単数）。 ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} *[[a closed mouth gathers no feet]] *[[Bigfoot]] *[[clubfoot]] *[[footage]] *[[football]] *[[footboard]] *[[footboy]] *[[footbridge]] *[[footfall]] *[[foot fault]] *[[footgear]] *[[foothill]] *[[foothold]] *[[footing]] *[[footlights]] *[[footlocker]] *[[footloose]] *[[footman]] *[[footnote]] *[[footpad]] *[[footpath]] *[[foot-pound]] *[[footprint]] *[[footrest]] *[[footrope]] *[[foot soldier]] *[[footsore]] *[[footstep]] *[[footstone]] *[[footstool]] *[[footwear]] *[[footwork]] *[[footworn]] *[[four foot]] *[[get cold feet]] *[[itchy feet]] *[[put one's foot in one's mouth]] *[[shoot oneself in the foot]] *[[six foot]] {{bottom}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #～を足で蹴る。 #～の[[料金]]を{{おくりがな2|払|はら|う|はらう}}。 #*{{ux|en|'''foot''' the [[bill]]|請求書に書かれている金額を'''払う'''}} #*{{ux|en|the "government will '''foot''' the bill" attitude|（上記の派生句）「[[親方日の丸]]」。政府が請求書の金額を'''払って'''くれるだろうという態度。}} #～の[[脚韻]]を踏ませる。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=foot|foto|ooft|toof}} [[カテゴリ:ベーシック英語 850単語]] =={{L|enm}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|enm|noun}} #{{l|enm|fot}}の異形。 ==={{verb}}=== {{head|enm|verb}} #{{l|enm|foten}}の異形。 7o4nbwywebd8aaveb42g49sn5t2nkgl 0 19370 2280306 2236615 2026-06-07T11:31:10Z M-30722 1202 2280306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かんぞう|がんそう|がんぞう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[乾燥]]】[[かわく|乾く]]こと。 *【[[乾草]]】[[かわかす|乾かした]][[くさ|草]]。 *【[[喚想]]】[[おもいおこす|思い起こす]]こと。 *【[[完走]]】[[最後]]まで[[はしる|走り]]きること。 *【[[官僧]]】[[度牒]]を[[える|得て]]、{{ふりがな|公|おおやけ}}に[[出家]]した[[僧]]。 *【[[官奏]]】[[太政官]]が[[奏聞]]すること。 *【[[官曹]]】[[官]]と[[曹]]。 *【[[寒草]]】[[ふゆ|冬]]の[[くさ|草]]。 *【[[寒霜]]】冬に降りる霜。 *【[[感想]]】[[感]]じたり[[おもう|思った]]りしたこと。 *【[[換装]]】[[部品]]や[[装備]]を[[とりかえる|取り換える]]こと。 *【[[敢争]]】[[おもいきる|思い切って]][[あらそう|争う]]こと *【[[歓送]]】[[出発]]する[[ひと|人]]を[[はげます|励ます]]こと。 *【[[汗瘡]]】{{ふりがな|汗|あせ}}のために[[皮膚]]にできる[[ちいさい|小さな]][[あかい|赤い]][[丘疹]]。[[あせも]]。 *【[[疳瘡]]】[[性病]]による[[伝染]]性の[[潰瘍]]。 *【[[監倉]], [[檻倉]]】[[牢屋]]。 *【[[盥漱]]】[[て|手]]を[[あらう|洗い]]、[[くち|口]]を[[ゆすぐ]]こと。 *【[[翰藻]]】[[詩歌]]や[[文章]]。 *【[[観想]]】{{ふりがな|心|こころ}}で[[観察]]すること。 *【[[観相]]】[[容姿]]や[[骨格]]などから、[[性格]]や[[運命]]などを[[判断]]すること。 *【[[諫争]], [[諫諍]]】[[主君]]を[[いさめる|諫める]]こと。 *【[[諫奏]]】[[天皇]]に[[忠言]]を[[もうしあげる|申し上げる]]こと。 *【[[檻送]]】[[囚人]]を{{ふりがな|檻|おり}}に[[いれる|入れて]][[おくる|送る]]こと。 *【[[還送]]】[[おくりかえす|送り返す]]こと。 *【[[閑窓]]】[[閑静]]な[[部屋]]の{{ふりがな|窓|まど}}。 *【[[間奏]]】{{ふりがな|歌|うた}}の[[あいま|合間]]の[[演奏]]。 *【[[間送]]】[[間送電報]]の略。 o0len7b513xwwhp26qdo0peveq5d6mt 0 21928 2279887 2275329 2026-06-06T14:24:51Z M-30722 1202 2279887 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|gɑˈɾun}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-գարուն.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-h|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|季節}}[[はる|春]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|գարնանային}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hy|ամառ}} * {{l|hy|աշուն}} * {{l|hy|ձմեռ}} llyd3nn7k9f70xfgj8974qeucqldipl 2279890 2279887 2026-06-06T14:28:22Z M-30722 1202 2279890 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|gɑˈɾun}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-գարուն.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-h|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|季節}}[[はる|春]]。 {{季節名/hy}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|գարնանային}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hy|ամառ}} * {{l|hy|աշուն}} * {{l|hy|ձմեռ}} 7p118itzbv4assy762apjopxrv0lhz6 2279897 2279890 2026-06-06T14:31:50Z M-30722 1202 2279897 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|gɑˈɾun}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-գարուն.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-h|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|季節}}[[はる|春]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|գարնանային}} {{季節名/hy}} 2zymsk8138sjizbvdxbkpf1gxuf6xvd 0 21929 2279892 2275319 2026-06-06T14:29:56Z M-30722 1202 2279892 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|ɑ.mɑr}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-ամառ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-h|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|季節}} {{ふりがな|夏|なつ}}。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|ամառանոց}} * {{l|hy|ամառային}} {{季節名/hy}} l45pxn8m3w6rc590r5akata2en0zm1y 0 21930 2279895 2275331 2026-06-06T14:31:17Z M-30722 1202 2279895 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|ɑ.ʃun}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-աշուն.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-h|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|季節}}[[あき|秋]]。 #*{{ux|hy|Ճտերն աշնանը կհամրեն|ひよこは秋に数える（[[捕らぬ狸の皮算用]]にあたる諺）}} {{季節名/hy}} 5e3l76ettnipcvkwx50n67z32typtiw 0 21931 2279896 2275328 2026-06-06T14:31:38Z M-30722 1202 2279896 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|d͡zə.mɛr}} *{{audio|hy|Hy-ձմեռ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-h|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|季節}}[[ふゆ|冬]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|ձմեռային}} {{季節名/hy}} glnbkf3m9owc5uq4fifdzjge97wktl5 0 21996 2279877 1083228 2026-06-06T14:17:42Z M-30722 1202 2279877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|en}}== [[category:{{en}}]] ===略語=== [[category:{{en}}_略語]] #（[[alternative|Alternative]] [[dispute|Dispute]] [[resolution|Resolution]]の略） #* [[訴訟]][[手続]]以外の[[紛争]][[解決]][[手段]]、[[w:裁判外紛争解決手続]]。 #（[[American]] [[depositary|Depositary]] [[receipt|Receipt]]の略） #* 米国[[預託証書]]。米国証券市場において、外国企業が株式と同じ効力をもって取引ができる証券。 l56xucek6gqpfy26m2eomiga71msezg 0 25272 2279879 2279119 2026-06-06T14:20:37Z M-30722 1202 2279879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じんせつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[親切]], [[深切]]】[[こまる|困って]]いる人等の身になり、何かをしてやったりすること。 *【[[親接]]】親しく接すること。 *【[[新説]]】[[あたらしい|新しい]][[学説]]や[[意見]]。 *【[[新設]]】新しく[[もうける|設ける]]こと。 *【[[新雪]]】新しく[[ふる|降った]][[ゆき|雪]]。 *【[[深雪]]】[[ふかい|深く]][[つもる|積もった]]雪。 *【[[臣節]]】[[臣下]]としての[[節操]]。 *【[[真説]]】[[本当]]の[[説]]。 49neecfyviz4f0eqy89v2wnvkwfrqle 0 25318 2280106 2279195 2026-06-07T05:47:40Z M-30722 1202 2280106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|女|3}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== *不明。「[[女]]」と「[[子]]」から構成される。「[[よい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[好]] {{phoneme|*[n̥]ˤuʔ}}｝や「[[このむ]]」を意味する漢語｛[[好]] {{phoneme|*[n̥]ˤu-s}}｝に用いる。 **一説に[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[子]]」+[[音符]]「[[𡚽]] {{phoneme|*NU}}」の略体。「好」が「[[丑]]{{phoneme|*NU}}」と諧声関係にある確度は高い<ref group="字源">野原将輝《[https://waseda.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/36028/files/Honbun-7304.pdf 戦国出土資料と上古中国語声母研究]》p.110～ </ref>。 **[[甲骨文字]]の字形を根拠に女性が子供を抱き上げるさまを象る[[象形文字]]であるという説があるが、この甲骨文字は「[[包]]」の[[異体字]]である可能性が指摘されており、「好」とは関係がない可能性がある。<ref group="字源">謝明文《釋甲骨文中的“抱”——兼論“包”字》<br>蔣玉斌《“包”字溯源》</ref> {{字源}} ====<参考文献>==== <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[このむ]]。[[いつくしむ]]。 #*[[好意]]、[[好悪]]、[[愛好]]、[[友好]] #*対義字：'''[[悪]]（[[惡]]）、[[厭]]''' #[[このましい]]。状況が[[よい]]。 #*[[好壞]]、[[好事]]、[[好転]]、[[好評]] #*対義字：'''[[壊]]（[[壞]]）、[[歹]]''' =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コウ,この-む,す-く|施策=教育:4|呉音=コウ<カウ|漢音=コウ<カウ|訓=この-む,す-く,よ-い,よしみ}} ==={{prov}}=== *（このむ）[[好意]]、[[好悪]]、[[好物]]、[[愛好]]、[[友好]] *（このましい）[[好転]]、[[好事]]、[[好評]]、[[良好]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|hao3|形容詞|副詞|補語 結果補語|間投詞|hsk=甲|hsk2=1|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} *'''ローマ字表記''' **'''[[普通話]]''' ***'''[[ピンイン]]''': [[hǎo]] (hao3), [[hào]] (hao4) ***'''[[ウェード式]]''': hao³, hao⁴ ***'''[[注音符号]]''': ㄏㄠˇ, ㄏㄠˋ **'''[[広東語]]''' ***'''[[イェール式]]''': hou2, hou3 **'''[[閩南語]]''' ***'''[[POJ]]''': háu, hó, hò·ⁿ **'''[[客家語]]''' ***'''[[白話字]]''': hó **'''[[閩東語]]''' ***'''[[平話字]]''': hō̤ **'''[[呉語]]''' ***'''[[ピンイン]]''': hau2, hau3 **'''[[上海語]]''' ***'''[[ピンイン]]''': hau2, hau3 ***{{IPA|hɔ˧˧˧˦}} **'''[[中古音]]''': xawX, xawH **'''[[上古音]]''': *qʰˁuʔ, *qʰˁuʔ-s ==={{adjective}}=== hǎo #[[このましい]]。状況が[[よい|良い]]。 #*{{zh-ts|他是'''好'''說地「平常」、壞說地「平庸」。|他是'''好'''说地「平常」、坏说地「平庸」。}} #*:彼は'''良く'''言えば「平常」、悪く言えば「凡庸」だ。 #**対義語：{{zh-l|壞}}、{{zh-l|歹}} #[[健康]]な。 #～し{{おくりがな2|終|お|える|おえる}}。 #～し[[やすい]]。 ==={{adverb}}=== '''hǎo''' #[[非常]]に。 #（[[結果補語]]、動詞＋好＋了などの形で:～し終え、その結果が良好であること）よく、～した。 #*{{zhsent|我|吃|好|了}} #*:[[ごちそうさま]]。 #*{{zhsent|你|休息|好|了|吗}}（[[嗎]]）？ #*:よく休めましたか。 #（[[結果補語]]）動詞＋好の形で:しっかり、～する。 #*{{zh-ts|[[出門]]時請鎖'''好'''門。|[[出门]]时请锁'''好'''门。}} #*:外出する時は、鍵をかけてください。 ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{verb}}|hao4]] hào #{{おくりがな2|好|この|む|このむ}}。 #*対義語：{{zh-l|厭}} #[[よく]]～する。 ==={{interjection}}=== hǎo #[[同意]]・[[不満]]などの語気。 ==={{prov}}=== {{prov-top5|熟語: hǎo}} *{{zh-l|好比}} *{{zh-l|好不}} *{{zh-l|好不容易}} *{{zh-l|好吃}} *{{zh-l|好丑}} *{{zh-l|好處}} *{{zh-l|好處費}} *{{zh-l|好歹}} *{{zh-l|好的}} *{{zh-l|好端端}}, {{zh-l|好端端的}} *{{zh-l|好多}} *{{zh-l|好法兒}} *{{zh-l|好感}} *{{zh-l|好過}} *{{zh-l|好漢}} *{{zh-l|好好兒}}, {{zh-l|好好兒的}} *{{zh-l|好好先生}} *{{zh-l|好喝}} *{{zh-l|好話}} *{{zh-l|好壞}} *{{zh-l|好貨}} *{{zh-l|好幾}} *{{zh-l|好家伙}} *{{zh-l|好景不長}} *{{zh-l|好久}} *{{zh-l|好看}} *{{zh-l|好賴}} *{{zh-l|好了傷疤忘了痛}} *{{zh-l|好力寶}} *{{zh-l|好臉}}, {{zh-l|好臉兒}} *{{zh-l|好馬不吃回頭草}} *{{zh-l|好孬}} *{{zh-l|好評}} *{{zh-l|好氣兒}} *{{zh-l|好球}} *{{zh-l|好兒}} *{{zh-l|好惹}} *{{zh-l|好人}} *{{zh-l|好人好事}} *{{zh-l|好人家}}, {{zh-l|好人家兒}} *{{zh-l|好日子}} *{{zh-l|好容易}} *{{zh-l|好上加好}} *{{zh-l|好生}} *{{zh-l|好聲好氣}}, {{zh-l|好聲好氣的}} *{{zh-l|好使}} *{{zh-l|好事}} *{{zh-l|好事不出門，惡事傳千里}} *{{zh-l|好事不宜遲}} *{{zh-l|好事多磨}} *{{zh-l|好手}}, {{zh-l|好手兒}} *{{zh-l|好受}} *{{zh-l|好說}} *{{zh-l|好說歹說}} *{{zh-l|好說話兒}} *{{zh-l|好死}} *{{zh-l|好似}} *{{zh-l|好天兒}} *{{zh-l|好聽}} *{{zh-l|好玩兒}} *{{zh-l|好聞}} *{{zh-l|好戲}} *{{zh-l|好像}} *{{zh-l|好小子}} *{{zh-l|好笑}} *{{zh-l|好些}} *{{zh-l|好心}} *{{zh-l|好心不得好報}} *{{zh-l|好性兒}} *{{zh-l|好樣兒的}} *{{zh-l|好意}} *{{zh-l|好意思}} *{{zh-l|好用}} *{{zh-l|好友}} *{{zh-l|好運}} *{{zh-l|好在}} *{{zh-l|好找}} *{{zh-l|好轉}} *{{zh-l|好自為之}} *{{zh-l|好走}} {{prov-bottom}} {{prov-top5|熟語: hào}} *{{zh-l|好吃}} *{{zh-l|好大喜功}} *{{zh-l|好動}} *{{zh-l|好高鶩遠}}, {{zh-l|好高務遠}} *{{zh-l|好客}} *{{zh-l|好奇}} *{{zh-l|好強}} *{{zh-l|好色}} *{{zh-l|好尚}} *{{zh-l|好勝}} *{{zh-l|好事}} *{{zh-l|好為人師}} *{{zh-l|好惡}} *{{zh-l|好行小惠}} *{{zh-l|好學}} *{{zh-l|好逸惡勞}} *{{zh-l|好戰}} *{{zh-l|好整以暇}} {{prov-bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|호|eumhun=[[좋다|좋을]] 호}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|hiếu|háo|hảo|pos=verb}} ==={{verb}}=== hiếu #{{おくりがな2|好|この|む|このむ}}。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-25-05|mj={{mjmoji|009553}}|gb=BAC3|cns=1-476F|big5=A66E|ksx=1001-7B3F}} {{検字|倉頡=VND|四角=4744.7}} {{字典|dj=0518.120|hdz=21028.010|大字源=1803|大漢語林=2189|康煕=0255.110|新大字典=3065|新潮漢字=2250|諸橋=6053}} qns5hazbwy3zlot4aph1cdzsia3qq48 0 26028 2279880 2279095 2026-06-06T14:21:09Z M-30722 1202 2279880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しんぜん|じんせん|じんぜん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[唇腺]]】[[口唇]]の[[粘膜]]にある[[外分泌腺]]。 *【[[深圳]]】[[中華人民共和国]]{{w|広東省}}に位置する[[都市]]の一つ。 *【[[深浅]]】①[[ふかい|深い]]ことと[[あさい|浅い]]こと。②[[たかい|高い]]ことと[[ひくい|低い]]こと。③[[こい|濃い]]ことと[[うすい|薄い]]こと。 *【[[浸染]]】①[[しみこむ|染み込ん]]で[[そまる|染まる]]こと。②次第に[[感化]]されること。③[[染料]]と[[薬剤]]の[[溶液]]に糸や布を浸して色を染めること。 *【[[新線]]】[[あたらしい|新しい]][[路線]]。 *【[[新船]]】新しい[[ふね|船]]。 *【[[新選]]・[[新撰]]】新しく[[編纂]]すること。 *【[[新銭]]】新たに[[鋳造]]された[[銭]]。 *【[[新鮮]]】①[[野菜]]や[[さかな|魚]]が新しく[[いきいき|生き生き]]としていること。②[[きれい]]で[[よごれ|汚れ]]がないこと。③物事に[[従来]]のものとは[[ことなる|異なる]][[あたらしさ|新しさ]]が感じられること。 *【[[神仙]]・[[神僊]]】①[[神通力]]を[[もつ|持つ]]人。②[[日本]][[音楽]]の[[十二律]]の一つ。 *【[[神占]]】[[かみ|神]]に[[祈願]]して[[神意]]をうかがい、[[吉凶]]を占うこと。 *【[[神泉]]】[[境内]]にある[[霊妙]]な[[いずみ|泉]]。 *【[[神饌]]】神に[[そなえる|供える]][[飲食物]]。 *【[[針線]]】[[はり|針]]と[[いと|糸]]。 *【[[震戦]]】[[ふるえる|震え]][[おののく]]こと。 *【[[震顫]]・[[振顫]]】①震えること。②[[筋肉]]が不随的、規則的な運動をすること。 *【[[真詮]]】[[本当]]の[[意味]]。 etmru150eaeu7at8nx26idedwlsw4g9 4 26449 2279846 2117044 2026-06-06T13:35:35Z M-30722 1202 用語改訂、見本項目追加 2279846 wikitext text/x-wiki まだ試行中です。このページの意義は # 執筆者に対して見本を提供すること # [[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル|スタイルマニュアル]]策定の際の具体例とすること です。 ウィクショナリーの書式はまだ確定していない部分がいろいろとありますが、以下の項目は現状で妥当とされている書式に従った項目です。編集の際の参考にしてください。ご意見・ご指摘は[[Wiktionary‐ノート:見本項目|ノート]]にお願いします。 ==一覧== * [[よい]] - [[和語]]は項目名をひらがなで表記します。良い、宵、酔いなど、同音異義語も同一項目に収録しています。 * [[議論]] - 漢熟語は項目名を漢字で表記します。また、[[形容動詞]]や[[サ変動詞]]になる場合は「〜な・だ」や「する」をつけずに名詞と同じページに記述します。中国語や朝鮮語でも使われる熟語はやはり同じページに書きます。 * [[メヌエット]] - 借用語は語源見出しで借用元の言語を示しています。 * [[たいじょう]] - 同じ読みの語を箇条書きのマークアップ（使用するマークアップは順序関係なしの「<nowiki>*</nowiki>」でも順序付きの「<nowiki>#</nowiki>」でも構わない）で列挙します。それぞれの語の意味も記載します（意味の記載のないものはスタブとなります）。 * [[가장]] - 漢字表記のある語は<〇〇>の形で漢字表記を示します。 ==必要な見本== * 漢字一字 * ことわざ * 借用語 * 漢字表記語の仮名表記 * 漢字混じり表記 * 中国語（簡体字・繁体字） * 朝鮮語（ハングル） * ゲルマン語派・イタリック語派あたり ==関連ページ== * [[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル]] * [[Wiktionary:編集方針]] [[Category:一覧|みほんこうもく]] [[Category:ウィクショナリー|みほんこうもく]] 80v11sjkwqxwutk00dedp155ypk211r 0 26827 2280182 2277979 2026-06-07T07:11:45Z M-30722 1202 訳語並べ替え等 2280182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎじゅつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|ぎ|じゅつ|yomi=goon,kan}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== 明治時代に[[w:西周 (啓蒙家)|西周]]が『百学連環（百學連環)』で「[[mechanical art]]を直訳すると器械の術となるが適当でないので技術と訳して可である」としたもの。 ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ぎじゅつ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|ぎ|じゅつ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぎじゅつ}} #[[個人]]や特定の[[集団]]において、[[訓練]]により身に付けた、物事を{{おくりがな2|巧|たく|み|たくみ}}に行う[[能力]]。[[テクニック]]、[[スキル]]。{{defdate|from 1563}}<ref>{{R:Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise}}</ref> #*佐々木東洋という医者があります。この医者が大へんな変人で、患者をまるで玩具か人形のように扱う、[[愛嬌]]のない人です。それではやらないかといえば不思議なほどはやって、[[門前市をなす]]有様です。あんな[[無愛想]]な人があれだけはやるのはやはり'''技術'''があるからだと思いました。（[[w:夏目漱石|夏目漱石]]『無題』） #[[自然]]や[[人工]]の[[事物]]・[[システム]]を[[改変]]・[[保全]]・[[操作]]して[[公共]]の[[安全]]、[[健康]]、および[[福祉]]に[[有用]]な[[事物]]や[[快適]]な[[環境]]を作り出す[[手段]]<ref>「[http://www.eng.titech.ac.jp/~jeep/08-10/pdf/pamph01.pdf 8大学工学部を中心とした 工学における教育プログラムに関する検討]」（PDFファイル） 工学における教育プログラムに関する検討委員会、1998年5月8日。</ref>。[[テクノロジー]]。 #*[[資本制]]生産関係に於ては'''技術'''の発達――それは機械の発達と平行するのだ――が[[如何]]にして「生産過剰」を生み、それが如何に[[逆説的]]に、資本制生産関係によって[[労働]][[大衆]]の[[失業]]と[[相対的]][[貧窮]]化を[[結果]]するかは、古くイギリスの[[産業革命]]の頃まで溯って跡づけることが出来る。（[[w:戸坂潤|戸坂潤]] 『技術の哲学』） #{{タグ|ja|教育}}[[中学校]]の[[教科]]の一つ。[[技術家庭科]]。 #*'''技術'''の時間には安全な服装をしたほうがよい。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[技巧]]、[[技芸]]、[[技能]]、{{ふりがな|技|わざ}}、[[スキル]] ===={{rel}}==== * 熟語: [[技術家]]、[[技術士]]、[[技術者]]、[[技術的]]、[[先端技術]]、[[科学技術]] ===={{seealso}}==== *[[工学]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|個人や小集団の技巧的な能力}} *{{T|ga}}: [[ábaltacht]] ''f3'', [[cumas]] ''m1'' *{{T|ar}}: {{ARchar|[[القدرة]]}} *{{T|it}}: [[tecnica]] {{f}}, [[abilità]] {{f}}, [[ingegneria]] *{{T|io}}: [[tekniko]] *{{T|cy}}: [[gallu]] *{{T|ur}}: {{t|ur|یوگیتا|tr=yogyatā|f}}, {{t|ur|یوگیتو|tr=yogyatva|m}} *{{T|en}}: [[technic]]/[[technique]], [[skill]] *{{T|nl}}: [[techniek]], [[vaardigheid]], [[vermogen]] *{{T|sv}}: [[teknik]], [[förmåga]] {{c}} *{{T|es}}: [[técnica]], [[habilidad]] {{f}} *{{T|sh}}: *:キリル文字: {{t|sh|способност|f}} *:ラテン文字: {{t|sh|sposobnost|f}} *{{T|zh}}: {{zh-l|技術|jìshù}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|기술}} *{{T|te}}: {{t|te|దక్షత}}, {{t|te|సత్తా}} *{{T|de}}: [[Technik]] {{f}}, [[Fähigkeit]] {{f}} *{{T|no}}: [[teknikk]] {{m}}, [[evne]] ''m1'' *{{T|eu}}: [[gaitasun]], [[trebetasun]], [[abilezia]] *{{T|hi}}: {{t|hi|योग्यता|f}}, {{t|hi|योग्यत्व|m}} *{{T|fi}}: [[tekniikka]], [[kyky]] *{{T|fr}}: [[technique]] {{f}}, [[habileté]] *{{T|he}}: {{t|he|יכולת|tr=ya'kholet|f}} *{{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|تکنیک|tr=teknik}} *{{T|pl}}: [[technika]] {{f}} *{{T|pt}}: [[técnica]], [[habilidade]], [[engenho]] *{{T|mk}}: {{t|mk|способност}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|техника|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|社会的に共有された能力}} *{{T|is}}: [[tæknifræði]] {{f}} *{{T|it}}: [[tecnologia]] {{f}} *{{T|en}}: [[technology]], [[art]], [[craft]] *{{T|nl}}: [[technologie]] *{{T|sd}}: {{t|sd|ٽيڪِنِيڀِياسُ}} *{{T|sv}}: [[teknologi]] {{c}} *{{T|es}}: [[tecnología]] {{f}} *{{T|sh}}: *:キリル文字: {{t|sh|технологија|f}}, {{t|sh|техника|f}} *:ラテン文字: {{t|sh|tehnologija|f}}, {{t|sh|tehnika|f}} *{{T|ta}}: (Thozhil Nutpam) *{{T|zh}}: {{zh-l|技術|jìshù}}, {{zh-l|科技|kējì}}, {{zh-l|工藝|gōngyì}} *{{T|de}}: [[Technologie]], [[Technik]] *{{T|no}}: [[teknologi]] *{{T|fi}}: [[teknologia]] *{{T|fr}}: [[technologie]] {{f}} *{{T|vi}}: [[công nghệ]], [[kỹ thuật]] *{{T|pt}}: [[tecnologia]] {{f}} *{{T|mt}}: [[teknoloġija]] *{{T|ro}}: [[tehnologie]] *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|технология}}, {{t|ru|техника}} {{trans-bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{wikipedia|lang=zh|技术}} {{wikipedia|lang=yue}} {{wikipedia|lang=nan|Ki-su̍t}} {{wikipedia|lang=wuu|技术}} {{zh-cat|ji4shu4|noun}} {{yue-cat|gei6seut6|noun}} {{nan-cat|ki7sut8|noun}} {{nan-tws-cat|gi6sug8|noun}} {{hak-cat|ki1sut6|noun}} {{wuu-cat|ji3zeh4|noun}} {{hsn-cat|ji4xy2|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jìshù|a=zh-jìshù.ogg}} {{yue-pron|gei6 seot6|a=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-技術.wav}} {{nan-pron|ki-su̍t/twv:kī-su̍t/twv:chi-su̍t|t=gi6 sug8}} {{hak-pron|kî-su̍t|h=giˋ sudˋ}} {{wuu-pron|sh:6ji zeq8}} {{hsn-pron|ji4 xy2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=技术}} #技術、[[技能]]。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{zh-l|技術工人}} *{{zh-l|技術性}} *{{zh-l|技術人員}} *{{zh-l|技術員}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|기술}} #（日本語に同じ）技術。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|kỹ|thuật}} #（日本語に同じ）技術。 ==脚注== <references/> kglvamflb9enu37q8pfd9yfprptbdok 0 30241 2280223 2279062 2026-06-07T09:25:56Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 2280223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|老4|2}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * 「[[老]] {{phoneme|*RU}}」の[[分化字]]<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、668-670頁。<br>李春桃 「甲骨文中“丂”字新釋」 『甲骨文与殷商史』新10輯 上海古籍出版社、2020年、253-264頁。</ref>。[[仮借]]して「[[かんがえる]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[考]] {{phoneme|*kʰɫˤuʔ}}｝に用いる。 ** 『[[w:説文解字|説文解字]]』では「[[老]]」の略体 + [[音符]]「[[丂]]」と説明されているが、[[甲骨文字]]の形が示すようにこれは誤った分析である。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[かんがえる]]。 #* [[考察]]、[[考慮]]、[[参考]]、[[思考]] #[[はかる]]。[[ためす]]。 #* [[考査]]、[[考試]]、[[考証]]、[[選考]] #[[ない|亡き]][[ちち|父]]。 #* [[先考]]、[[祖考]] #*対義字：'''[[妣]]'''（亡き母） ===代用字=== 日本では「[[衡]]」の代替字として用いられる。 *[[銓衡]]→[[選考]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コウ,かんが-える|施策=教育:2|呉音=*|漢音=コウ<カウ|訓=かんが-える|名乗=たか,ただ,ちか,とし,なか,なる,のり,やす,よし}} ==={{suffix}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{suffix}}]] # あることに関して考えを巡らせた論説を意味する語を作る。 #*[[w:十二支考|十二支考]] ===手書きの形字について=== *第5画は以下どちらかの書き方をしてよい<ref>[http://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/kokugo/hokoku/pdf/jitai_jikei_shishin.pdf 『常用漢字表の字体・字形に関する指針（報告）』]p.103 2016年2月29日 文化庁</ref>。 :右からやや左下に払う :左から右に真横に書く（上記筆順画像） ===={{prov}}==== {{rel-top}} *{{ふりがな|考え違い|かんがえちがい}} *{{ふりがな|考え及ぶ|かんがえおよぶ}} *{{ふりがな|考え込む|かんがえこむ}} *{{ふりがな|考え事|かんがえごと}} *{{ふりがな|考え出す|かんがえだす}} *{{ふりがな|考え深い|かんがえぶかい}} *{{ふりがな|考え直す|かんがえなおす}} *{{ふりがな|考え抜く|かんがえぬく}} *{{ふりがな|考え付く|かんがえつく}} *{{ふりがな|考え物|かんがえもの}} *{{ふりがな|考え方|かんがえかた}} *{{ふりがな|考え落ち|かんがえおち}} *[[考案]] *[[考課]] *[[考課状]] *[[考究]] *[[考拠]] *[[考現学]] *[[考古]] *[[考古学]] *[[考査]] *[[考察]] *[[考思]] *[[考試]] *[[考証]] *[[考証学]] *[[考状]] *[[考信録]] *[[考定]] *[[考訂]] *[[考慮]] *[[考量]] *[[考妣]] *[[考覈]] *[[一考]] *[[外考]] *[[勘考]] *[[愚考]] *[[後考]] *[[皇考]] *[[再考]] *[[雑考]] *[[三考]] *[[参考]] *[[思考]] *[[支考]] *[[私考]] *[[寿考]] *[[集団思考]] *[[熟考]] *[[小定考]] *[[少考]] *[[新考]] *[[垂直思考]] *[[推考]] *[[水平思考]] *[[寸考]] *[[先考]] *[[千思万考]] *[[潜考]] *[[選考]] *[[祖考]] *[[長考]] *[[沈思黙考]] *[[追考]] *[[定考]] *[[定考]] *[[内考]] *[[比考]] *[[備考]] *[[百考]] *[[補考]] *[[万考]] *[[無考え]] *[[黙考]] *[[路考]] *[[論考]] {{rel-bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|kao3|動詞|常=1|hsk=乙}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[k&#x1ce;o]] ([[kao3]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': k'ao³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': haau2 ==={{verb}}=== #[[はかる]]。[[ためす]]。[[試験]]する。 ==={{prov}}=== *{{l|zh|考試}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|고|eumhun=[[생각하다|생각할]]・[[살피다|살필]] 고}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|khảo}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-25-45|mj={{mjmoji|020753|020754}}|gb=BFBC|cns=1-4853|big5=A6D2|ksx=1001-4D45}} {{検字|倉頡=JKMVS,JKYS|四角=4420.7}} {{字典|dj=1408.010|hdz=42779.020|大字源=7744|大漢語林=9060|康煕=0960.270|新大字典=12855|新潮漢字=9392/9393|諸橋=28843}} ==脚注== <references /> dh9ilhhf2i8wu1keugyxyvehodmxuef 0 30596 2280108 2166352 2026-06-07T05:49:51Z M-30722 1202 2280108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|のう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|辰|6}} {{kanji variants|农=[[簡体字]]|䢉=[[本字]]|莀|辳|𢖢|𣊤|𦦤|𦦥|𨑇|𨑆=[[古字]]|𨑋=[[籀文]]|蕽|𣎭|𤲆|𭆒|𮏁=[[同字]]|欁=[[俗字]]|𦱯=[[譌字]]}} * 筆順 : [[曲]]、[[辰]]の順に書く。曲は複数の筆順がある。 ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。[[甲骨文字]]は「[[林]]」+「[[辰]]（除草に用いる石器）」+「[[又]]（石器を持つ手）」、農地を除草する様子<ref group="字源">裘錫圭《甲骨文中所見的商代農業》『裘錫圭學術文集　甲骨文巻』 復旦大學出版社、2012年、P.233。<br>蘇建洲 『新訓詁学』 上海古籍出版社、2020年、206頁。</ref>。「[[除草]]する」「[[たがやす]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[耨]] {{phoneme|*nooks}}｝や、「[[耕作]]」「[[農業]]」を意味する漢語｛農 {{phoneme|*nuung}}｝を表す字。金文において「[[田]]」の追加・「林」の省略・「辰」の「䢅」への繁化があり、楷書では「𦥑」+「田」が「曲」となる。 {{字源}} ====参考文献==== <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[辱]]」「[[農]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*NOK～*NUNG） |- ! !! !! 泥母 || !! 泥母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 一等 || 平声 東韻 | - ! 平声 冬韻 | [[農]][[䢉]][[辳]][[𨑋]][[𩟊]][[噥]][[𩅽]][[憹]][[㺜]][[儂]][[𧗕]][[膿]]<br>（豪韻：[[㺜]][[𤣜]][[嶩]]） |- ! 上声 董韻 | [[𨑊]] ! 上声 腫韻 | - |- ! 去声 送韻 | [[齈]][[癑]]<br>（候韻：[[槈]][[鎒]][[耨]]） ! 去声 宋韻 | - |- ! 入声 屋韻 | - ! 入声 沃韻 | [[褥]][[傉]][[耨]][[搙]] |- ! !! !! 娘母 || !! 娘母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 江韻 | [[𦗳]][[𣰊]][[噥]][[𩟊]][[鬞]][[䁸]][[𪆯]] | |（肴韻：[[䃩]][[㺜]]） |- ! 上声 講韻 | |- ! 去声 絳韻 | |- ! 入声 覺韻 | [[搙]] |- ! !! !! 日母 || !! 日母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 鍾韻 | [[襛]][[穠]] ! 平声 東韻 | |- ! 上声 腫韻 | ! 上声 董韻 | - |- ! 去声 用韻 | [[𩼅]] ! 去声 送韻 | - |- ! 入声 燭韻 | [[辱]][[蓐]][[褥]][[鄏]][[縟]][[溽]][[㦺]][[媷]][[嗕]][[𪑾]][[𩱨]] ! 入声 屋韻 | |- ! !! !! 娘母 || !! 娘母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 鍾韻 | [[醲]][[𨑊]][[濃]][[襛]][[穠]][[檂]][[𪒬]][[𨲳]] ! 平声 東韻 | - |- ! 上声 腫韻 | - ! 上声 董韻 | - |- ! 去声 用韻 | ! 去声 送韻 | - |- ! 入声 燭韻 | - ! 入声 屋韻 | |} ===意義=== #[[作物]]を[[栽培]]するために、[[土地]]を[[たがやす|耕す]]。また、それをする人。 #土地に働きかけ、動植物を[[肥育]]すること。 #[[先秦]]の思想の一つ。 #{{w|神農}}の略称。 #[[あつい|厚い]]。 #[[勤勉]]な。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ノウ|施策=教育:3|呉音=ノ,ノウ<ノゥ|漢音=ドウ<ドゥ|名乗=な,の,み}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] [[Category:{{ja}} 農業]] # （ノウ）農業。 #* 農は国の本 ==={{prov}}=== *[[農家]] *[[農業]] *[[農耕]] *[[農作]] *[[農作物]] *[[酪農]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nong2}} [[Category:{{yue}}|nung4]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[n&oacute;ng]] ([[nong2]]), [[bian]] ([[bian5]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': nung², pien⁵ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': nung4 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|농|eumhun=[[농사]] 농}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-39-32|mj={{mjmoji|025749}}|gb=DE72|cns=1-6729|big5=B941|ksx=1001-525C}} {{検字|倉頡=TWMMV|四角=5523.2}} {{字典|dj=1733.120|hdz=63607.030|大字源=10070|大漢語林=11451|康煕=1252.240|新大字典=17025|新潮漢字=12689|諸橋=38688}} p7vvjzwih26fda2mzey7rlmte2nvttx 0 30883 2279972 2221409 2026-06-07T00:20:50Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2279972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:こうふ}} {{also|こうぶ|ごうふ}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] ==={{homonym}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} 同音異義]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' *【[[交付]]】[[政府]][[機関]]が[[一般]]の[[ひと|人]]に[[書類]]などを[[発行]]すること。 *【[[公布]]】[[おおやけ|公]]に[[しる|知らせる]]こと。 *【[[広布]]】[[布告]]すること。 *【[[弘布]]】[[ひろめる|広める]]こと。広く[[いきわたる|行き渡ら]]せること。 *【[[功封]]】[[律令制]]で、[[功労]]によって[[あたえる|与えら]]れた[[封戸]]。 *【[[功布]]】[[葬儀]]で[[たてる|立てる]][[はた|旗]]。 *【[[坑夫]]】[[炭坑]]で[[従事]]する[[男性]][[労働者]]。 *【[[工夫]]】[[工事]]に従事する男性労働者。 *【[[甲府市|甲府]]】[[山梨県]]の[[県庁所在地]]。 *【[[耕夫]]】[[田畑]]を[[たがやす|耕す]][[もの|者]]。 *【[[鉱夫]]】[[鉱山]]で[[従事]]する労働者。 *【[[口賦]]】[[人頭税]]で、[[未成年]]を[[対象]]とするもの。 *【[[貢賦]]】[[国民]]が[[国家]]に[[おさめる|納め]]る[[みつぎもの|貢ぎ物]]と[[租税]]。 *【[[降付]]】[[降伏]]して[[つく|付く]]こと。 *【[[後夫]]】[[のちぞい|後添い]]の[[おっと|夫]]。 *【[[荒不]]】[[荒田]]と不堪佃田。 92516s6wlvg5gqu20lsqcomauh2lfi3 0 31593 2280245 2277105 2026-06-07T10:05:11Z M-30722 1202 /* {{L|vi}} */ 2280245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|宀|7}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[宀]]」（または「[[穴]]」）+音符「[[公]] {{phoneme|*KLONG}}」<ref group="字源">張世超、孫凌安、金国泰、馬如森 『金文形義通解』 中文出版社、1996年、1837-1838頁。<br>何琳儀 『戦国古文字典』 中華書局、1998年、410-411頁。<br>呉振武 『《古璽文編》校訂』 人民美術出版社、2010年、236-237頁。</ref>。「[[いれる]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[容]] {{phoneme|*long}}｝を表す字。 ** 『説文解字』では「宀」+「[[谷]]」と分析されているが、これは誤った分析である。[[金文]]の形を見ればわかるように「谷」とは関係がない。 {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[いれる]]。 #*[[容器]]、[[受容]]、[[相容]] # [[なかみ]]。 #*[[内容]] # [[ゆるす]]。 #*[[容認]]、[[寛容]]、[[許容]] #[[かたち]]、[[すがた]]。 #*[[容姿]]、[[容態]]、[[容貌]] *(字義1、3) 対義字：'''[[拒]]'''（こばむ、しりぞける） =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ヨウ|施策=教育:5|呉音=ユウ<ユゥ|漢音=ヨウ<ヨゥ|訓=い-れる,ゆる-す,ひろ,まさ-に,かた}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] # ('''[[ヨウ]]''') [[かたち]]。[[すがた]]。 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[容易]] *[[容喙]] *[[容器]] *[[容疑]] *[[容姿]] *[[容姿端麗]] *[[容赦]] *[[容積]] *[[容態]] *[[容認]] *[[容貌]] *[[容量]] *[[威容]] *[[偉容]] *[[寛容]] *[[許容]] *[[形容]] *[[収容]] *[[受容]] *[[従容]] *[[陣容]] *[[全容]] *[[相容]] *[[内容]] *[[美容]] *[[変容]] *[[包容]] *[[理容]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|rong2|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[róng]] ([[rong2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': jung² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': yung4 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|용}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|dung|pos=verb|pos2=noun}} ==={{verb}}=== #{{タグ|vi|archaic|or|literary|sort=dung1 dung}}許す、許容する。 ==={{noun}}=== #{{タグ|vi|儒教|sort=dung1 dung}} [[婦容]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-45-38|mj={{mjmoji|010169}}|gb=C8DD|cns=1-5529|big5=AE65|ksx=1001-693B}} {{検字|倉頡=JCOR|四角=3060.8}} {{字典|dj=0567.030|hdz=20933.170|大字源=2080|大漢語林=2536|康煕=0287.030|新大字典=3503|新潮漢字=2582|諸橋=7172}} hduqakm2sz1x0j3l3ht41isndfspwe4 0 31594 2280142 2279686 2026-06-07T06:09:20Z M-30722 1202 2280142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|人|5}} {{kanji variants|餘=[[旧字体]]/被[[代用字]]}} ===字源=== * [[象形文字|象形]]（[[上古音|''OC'']] {{phoneme|*la}}）。構形本義不明。一説には｛[[舎]]{{phoneme|*[l̥]Ak-s}}｝の[[表語文字]]。[[仮借]]して｢われ｣を意味する一人称代名詞に用いる。 {{字源}}なお、甲骨文字は「[[舌]]」の上下反転形と同形。 ===意義=== #（古語。周代）[[われ]]。第一人称主格。 #（「[[餘]]」の代用）[[あまる]]。[[あまり]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ヨ,あま-る,あま-す|施策=教育:5|呉音=ヨ|漢音=ヨ|訓=あま-る,あま-す,あま-り,あんま-り,ほか,われ}} ==={{pronoun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{pronoun}}]] #（ヨ）[[わたし|私]]。 ==== 注意 ==== 「'''われ'''」の意味の時に「'''[[餘]]'''」を[[つかう|使う]]のは[[あやまる|誤り]]。新字体は'''余'''と'''餘'''を統一したもので、代名詞は元々'''余'''であった。 : ×　'''餘'''は[[満足]]だ。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[有余]] * [[あまり|余り]] ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[余栄]] *[[余殃]] *[[余暇]] *[[余技]] *[[余計]] *[[余慶]] *[[余弦]] *[[余剰]] *[[余震]] *[[余生]] *[[余勢]] *[[余地]] *[[余念]] *[[余波]] *[[余分]] *[[余裕]] *[[余沢]] *[[残余]] *[[有余]] *{{ふりがな|又余|ゆうよ}} {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|yu2|hsk=丙|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[yú]] ([[yu2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': yü² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': yu4 ==={{prov}}=== *[[余韵]] *[[余暇]] *[[余行]] *[[余震]] *[[余烬]] *[[余数]]<!--割り算の余り数--> *[[余生]] *[[余党]]<!--残党--> *[[剩余]] *[[富余]] =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|여}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|dư}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-45-30|mj={{mjmoji|006644}}|gb=D3E0|cns=1-4927|big5=A745|ksx=1001-6579}} {{検字|倉頡=OMD|四角=8090.4}} {{字典|dj=0208.090|hdz=10128.040|大字源=221|大漢語林=280|康煕=0099.020|新大字典=407|新潮漢字=304|諸橋=515}} 3lyy53p1cqmmxuhca77mv9fagx1fk4c 0 31646 2280237 2148407 2026-06-07T09:44:11Z M-30722 1202 2280237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ひ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|肉4|4}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[肉]]」+音符「[[妃]] {{phoneme|*PƏJ}}」の略体。<ref group="字源">陳剣 「[https://www.fdgwz.org.cn/Web/Show/343 釈《忠信之道》的“配”字]」 『国際簡帛研究通訊』第2巻第6期、2002年、2-6頁。</ref> ** 「[[巴]]」や「[[己]]」とは関係がない。 {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[こえる]]。[[ふとる]]。 #* [[肥料]]、[[肥満]] #[[ふとい]]。 #（土地が）こえた。[[ゆたか]]。 #* [[肥瘠]]、[[肥沃]] *類義字：'''[[胖]]''' *対義字：'''[[瘠]]、[[瘦]] ([[痩]])''' =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ヒ,こ-える,こえ,こ-やす,こ-やし|施策=教育:5|呉音=ビ|漢音=ヒ|訓=こえ,こ-える,こ-やす,こ-やし,ふと-る|名乗=こい,ひえ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}|こえ]] # ('''[[こえ]]'''){{タグ|ja|農業|jsort=こえ}}[[こやし]]。[[肥料]]。また、[[肥料]]に[[もちいる|用いる]][[糞尿]]。 ==={{prov}}=== {{top5}} *[[肥育]] *[[肥大]] *[[肥満]] *[[肥沃]] *[[肥料]] *[[厩肥]] *[[求肥]] *[[魚肥]] *[[金肥]] *[[原肥]] *[[施肥]] *[[水肥]] *[[堆肥]] *[[追肥]] *[[緑肥]] *{{ふりがな|肥担桶|こえたご}} *[[肥溜め]] *[[追い肥]] *[[寒肥]] *[[草肥]] *[[積み肥]] *[[水肥]] *[[元肥]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|fei2|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[féi]] ([[fei2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': fei² *** '''[[イェール式]]''': ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': *** '''[[イェール式]]''': fei4 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|비|eumhun=[[살찌다|살찔]] 비}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|phì}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-40-78|mj={{mjmoji|020942}}|gb=B7CA|cns=1-4F31|big5=AACE|ksx=1001-5D7E}} {{検字|倉頡=BAU|四角=7721.7}} {{字典|dj=1426.130|hdz=32055.010|大字源=7858|大漢語林=4668|康煕=0974.230|新大字典=13042|新潮漢字=9526|諸橋=29290}} fmki3gpborercdc0q8lhy425v58zl3r 0 31789 2280166 2279673 2026-06-07T06:49:52Z M-30722 1202 2280166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|虫|4}} {{kanji variants|蠶&#xe0102;=[[旧字体]]/[[繁体字]]}} ===字源=== 「蚕」には二種類の字が存在する（[[別字衝突]]）。 # （テン）[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[虫]]」 + [[音符]]「[[天]] {{phoneme|*LIŊ}}」。「[[ミミズ]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[蜸蚕]] {{phoneme|*kʰˤinʔ l̥ˤiŋʔ}}｝に用いる字。 # （サン）「[[蠶]]」の略体。「[[カイコ]]」を意味する漢語｛[[蠶]] {{phoneme|*dzˤəm}}｝を表す字。 #* 「[[蠶]]」の[[俗字]]「[[蠺]]」の「[[曰]]」を省略し、重複した「[[天]]」「[[虫]]」それぞれを合併して「[[蚕]]」の字形となった。<ref group="字源">張涌泉『漢語俗字研究（増訂本）』商務印書館、2010年、81頁。</ref> {{字源}} ====参考文献==== * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[かいこ]]。[[蛾]]の[[幼虫]]で、[[まゆ|繭]]から[[きぬいと|絹糸]]を取る。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=サン,かいこ|施策=教育:6|呉音=ゾン<ゾム,テン|漢音=サン<サム,テン|訓=かいこ,こ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}|かいこ]] # ('''[[かいこ]]''') {{タグ|ja|昆虫|春|sort=かいこ}}{{ふりがな|蚕蛾|かいこが}}の[[幼虫]]。[[家蚕]]。[[はる|春]]の[[季語]]。 # ('''[[こ]]''') {{タグ|ja|dated|sort=こ}}[[かいこ]]。 #* {{ふりがな|'''蚕'''影|こかげ}}神社 ==={{prov}}=== * [[蚕業]] * [[蚕糸]] * [[蚕食]] * [[天蚕]] * [[養蚕]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|can2|名詞|昆虫|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[tiǎn]] ([[tian3]]), [[cán]] (can2) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': t'ien³, ts'an² *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄊㄧㄢˇ, ㄘㄢˊ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': tim5, chaam4 **'''[[閩南語]]''' ***'''[[POJ]]''': chhâm, chhêng, chhân, thâm **'''[[閩東語]]''' ***'''[[平話字]]''': càng **'''[[閩北語]]''' ***'''[[KCR]]''': châng **'''[[客家語]]''' ***'''[[白話字]]''': chhàm **'''[[呉語]]''' ***'''[[ピンイン]]''': zoe1 **'''[[贛語]]''': con2 **'''[[晋語]]''': can1 **'''[[湘語]]''': zan2 ==={{noun}}=== cán *量詞: [[条]] #{{ふりがな|蚕|かいこ}}。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|잠|천}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|tằm|pos=noun|cat2=昆虫}} ==={{noun}}=== #{{ふりがな|蚕|かいこ}}。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-27-29|mj={{mjmoji|023355}}|gb=B2CF|cns=2-326B|big5=D3C9|ksx=1002-6F3F}} {{検字|倉頡=HKLMI,MKLMI|四角=2013.6, 1013.6,2013.6}} {{字典|dj=1546.310|hdz=42837.020|大字源=8716|大漢語林=9995|康煕=1077.380|新大字典=14586|新潮漢字=11169|諸橋=32869}} piw6klqem40as41jfo2qaq42uw47kwv 0 32488 2280178 2279060 2026-06-07T06:59:46Z M-30722 1202 2280178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|行|10}} {{kanji variants|考=[[代用字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[角]]+[[夨]]」（この部分の由来は明らかではない）+音符「[[行]] {{phoneme|*KANG}}」<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、366-367頁。</ref>。「[[はかり]]」「[[つりあう]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[衡]] {{phoneme|*graang}}｝を表す字。 ** かつて「[[会意形声文字]]」と解釈する説があったが、誤った分析である。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[はかり]]。 # [[はかる]]。 #* [[銓衡]]、[[度量衡]] # [[つりあう]]。[[たいら]]。 #* [[均衡]]、[[平衡]] #* 対義字：'''[[偏]]''' =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コウ|呉音=ギョウ<ギャゥ|漢音=コウ<カゥ|訓=はかり,はか-る,つりあ-う,たいら,ひら}} ==={{prov}}=== * [[均衡]] * [[銓衡]] * [[度量衡]] * [[平衡]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|heng2|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[héng]] ([[heng2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': heng² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': hang4 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|형|횡}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-25-53|mj={{mjmoji|023886}}|gb=BAE2|cns=1-722F|big5=BFC5|ksx=1001-7B2C}} {{検字|倉頡=HONKN|四角=2122.1, 2143.0,2122.1}} {{字典|dj=1575.040|hdz=20846.040|大字源=8997|大漢語林=10310|康煕=1110.110|新大字典=15131|新潮漢字=11523|諸橋=34078}} t6xq688fmlihzqdsabyh4mhy6a2xu3o 2280212 2280178 2026-06-07T09:10:21Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 2280212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|行|10}} {{kanji variants|考=[[代用字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[角]]+[[夨]]」（この部分の由来は明らかではない）+音符「[[行]] {{phoneme|*KANG}}」<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、366-367頁。</ref>。「[[はかり]]」「[[つりあう]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[衡]] {{phoneme|*graang}}｝を表す字。 ** かつて「[[会意形声文字]]」と解釈する説があったが、誤った分析である。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[はかり]]。[[天秤]]。 #* [[度量衡]] # [[はかる]]。 #* [[銓衡]] # [[つりあう]]。[[たいら]]。 #* [[均衡]]、[[平衡]] #* 対義字：'''[[偏]]''' =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コウ|呉音=ギョウ<ギャゥ|漢音=コウ<カゥ|訓=はかり,はか-る,つりあ-う,たいら,ひら}} ==={{prov}}=== * [[均衡]] * [[銓衡]] * [[度量衡]] * [[平衡]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|heng2|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[héng]] ([[heng2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': heng² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': hang4 ==={{prov}}=== * [[衡視]] * [[均衡]] * [[權衡]] * [[失衡]] * [[銓衡]] * [[度量衡]] * [[平衡]] =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|형|횡}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-25-53|mj={{mjmoji|023886}}|gb=BAE2|cns=1-722F|big5=BFC5|ksx=1001-7B2C}} {{検字|倉頡=HONKN|四角=2122.1, 2143.0,2122.1}} {{字典|dj=1575.040|hdz=20846.040|大字源=8997|大漢語林=10310|康煕=1110.110|新大字典=15131|新潮漢字=11523|諸橋=34078}} g2e4x7caubg88iw85ltlruxa2a8zga8 0 32554 2280194 2279073 2026-06-07T07:28:14Z M-30722 1202 2280194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|斗|7}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[斗]]」+音符「[[余]] {{phoneme|*LA}}」。「[[くみとる]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[斜]] {{phoneme|*sla}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[ななめ]]」を意味する漢語｛[[斜]] {{phoneme|*sla}}｝に用いる。 {{字源}} ===意義=== #[[ななめ]]。 #*[[斜面]] #[[かたよる]]。[[かたむく]]。 #*[[偏斜]]、[[傾斜]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=シャ,なな-め|呉音=ジャ,ヤ|漢音=シャ,ヤ|訓=なな-め,はす}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] #（シャ　主に例句で）正面からずれた位置。 #*[[斜に構える]] ==={{prov}}=== *[[斜頸]] *[[斜交]] *[[斜走]] *[[斜辺]] *[[斜面]] *[[傾斜]] *[[偏斜]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|xie2|形容詞|常=1|hsk=乙|hsk2=5}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xié]] ([[xie2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': hsieh² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': che4 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': chhiâ, chhoa̍h, siâ ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': chhià, chhia ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': zia1 ==={{adjective}}=== #{{おくりがな2|斜|なな|め|ななめ}}の、{{おくりがな2|傾|かたむ|いた|かたむく}}。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|사|야}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|tà}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-28-48|mj={{mjmoji|013064|013065}}|gb=D0B1|cns=1-5A7B|big5=B1D7|ksx=1001-5E58}} {{検字|倉頡=ODYJ|四角=8490.0}} {{字典|dj=0836.180|hdz=32253.090|大字源=3738|大漢語林=4348|康煕=0478.150|新大字典=6252|新潮漢字=4456/4457|諸橋=13509}} d9pmtwcoh7uar893luxlqvb4kq7z9k0 0 32563 2280099 2174170 2026-06-07T05:39:23Z M-30722 1202 2280099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|木|2}} {{kanji variants|硃}} ===字源=== * [[指事文字|指事]]。「[[木]]」の中間部を点で示したもの。「木の幹」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[株]] {{phoneme|*tro}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[あか]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛朱 {{phoneme|*to}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">郭沫若 「釈朱」 『金文余釈之余』 文求堂書店、1932年、18頁。<br>高鴻縉 『中国字例』 台湾省立師範大学出版、1960年、372-373頁。<br>張世超、孫凌安、金国泰、馬如森 『金文形義通解』 中文出版社、1996年、1444-1446頁</ref> * また一説に、「[[束]] {{phoneme|*TOK}}」の[[仮借]][[分化字]]。<ref group="字源">季旭昇 「説朱」 『甲骨文一百周年学術検討会論文集』 文史哲出版、1998年、129-144頁。<br>季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、486-487頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、358頁。</ref> {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[朱]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*TO） |- ! !! !! 端母 !! 透母 !! 定母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 一等 || 平声 侯韻 | || || |- ! 上声 厚韻 | || || |- ! 去声 候韻 | || || |- ! 入声 屋韻 | || || |- ! !! !! 知母 !! 徹母 !! 澄母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 侯韻 | - || - || - |- ! 上声 厚韻 | - || - || - |- ! 去声 候韻 | - || - || - |- ! 入声 覺韻 | || || |- ! !! !! 章母 !! 昌母 !! 常母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 虞韻 | [[朱]][[珠]][[侏]][[絑]][[祩]][[咮]][[鴸]][[鮢]][[𤝹]][[硃]] || [[姝]][[袾]][[䇬]] || [[殊]][[銖]][[洙]][[茱]][[㼡]][[㸡]][[陎]] |- ! 上声 麌韻 | || - || |- ! 去声 遇韻 | [[䎷]][[祩]] || - || |- ! 入声 燭韻 | || || |- ! !! !! 知母 !! 徹母 !! 澄母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 虞韻 | [[株]][[誅]][[邾]][[鼄]][[蛛]][[跦]][[袾]][[殊]][[㦵]][[鴸]][[𪏿]]<br>（尤韻：[[咮]]） || || [[趎]] |- ! 上声 麌韻 | || - || |- ! 去声 遇韻 | [[咮]]<br>（宥韻：[[咮]]） || || |- ! 入声 燭韻 | || || |} ===意義=== #[[あかるい|明るく]]て、[[橙色]]に近い[[赤色]]。 #古代中国の重量単位「[[銖]]」の略体。日本にも伝えられ、[[大宝令]]に重量単位として定められた。 # (日本)[[江戸時代]]の日本における通貨単位のひとつ。上記の重量単位を起源とする。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=シュ|呉音=ス|漢音=シュ|訓=あけ,あか,あき}} ==={{noun}}=== {{wikipedia}} [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] #（'''シュ'''）{{タグ|ja|色}}[[朱色]]。[[あかるい|明るく]]て、[[だいだいいろ|橙色]]に近い[[あかいろ|赤色]]。 #*その向うの空の濡れた{{ruby|黝朱|うるみしゅ}}の乱雲、それがやがては褐となり、黄となり、[[朱]]に[[丹]]に染まるであらう。日本ラインの[[ゆうやけ|夕焼]]にだ。（[[w:北原白秋|北原白秋]]『日本ライン』） #*[[朱に交われば赤くなる]] #（'''シュ'''）{{タグ|ja|略語|文房具}}[[朱筆]]の略。転じて、多くは他人が入れる[[訂正]]や[[修正]]乃至[[改善]]や[[指摘]]。 #*[[朱を入れる]]、[[朱が入る]] #{{タグ|ja|日本史|通貨}}江戸時代の貨幣単位。 ==={{prov}}=== * [[朱印]] * [[朱肉]] * [[朱筆]] * [[朱墨]] * {{ふりがな|朱雀|すざく}} * {{ふりがな|朱鷺|とき}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|shu2|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[shú]] ([[shu2]]), [[zhū]] ([[zhu1]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': shu², chu¹ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄕㄨˊ, ㄓㄨ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': jyu1 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': chu ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': cuŏ ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': chû ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': ciŏ ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': tsy1 ** '''[[贛語]]''': jy3 ** '''[[晋語]]''': zu1 ** '''[[中古音]]''': tsyu ** '''[[上古音]]''': *** '''白一平-サガール''': *to *** '''鄭張''': *tjo =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|주}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|cho|chẩu|chõ|chu|chau|châu|choa|pos=verb|pos2=preposition}} ==={{verb}}=== cho #{{おくりがな2|与|あた|える|あたえる}}。 #{{おくりがな2|入|い|れる|いれる}}。 #〜[[させる]]。 ==={{preposition}}=== cho #〜に。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-28-75|mj={{mjmoji|013583}}|gb=D6EC|cns=1-4837|big5=A6B6|ksx=1001-7139}} {{検字|倉頡=HJD|四角=2590.0}} {{字典|dj=0893.040|hdz=21154.030|大字源=4030|大漢語林=4901|康煕=0509.130|新大字典=6717|新潮漢字=4813|諸橋=14424}} st9nf9v2zwtrtjfcawz5p90tnbrzzh8 0 32586 2280098 2083114 2026-06-07T05:36:33Z M-30722 1202 2280098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅく}} ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|5|米|5}} {{kanji variants|肅=[[繁体字]]|肃=[[簡体字]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * 「[[肅]]」の略体。「肅」については[[肅#字源]]の項目を参照。 ===意義=== #[[つつしむ]]、[[うやうやしい|うやうやし]]くする、[[うやまう]]。 #*[[肅然]]、[[粛粛]]、[[自粛]] #[[おごそか]]な。 #*[[厳粛]]、[[静粛]] #厳しく扱う。 #*[[粛清]]、[[粛軍]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=シュク|呉音=スク|漢音=シュク|訓=つつし-む|名乗り=すすむ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-29-45|mj={{mjmoji|019840}}|gb=BB8D|cns=3-383E|ksx=1027-1-514E}} {{検字|倉頡=LLFL|四角=5022.7}} {{字典|hdz=53146.010|大字源=7817|大漢語林=9144|康煕=0908.100|新大字典=12999|新潮漢字=9488|諸橋=29223'}} b15ueeiqe632xotvrelrra970wdg0wi 0 32595 2280174 2278218 2026-06-07T06:55:26Z M-30722 1202 2280174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じゅん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|目|4}} ===字源=== * [[初文]]は盾の形を象る[[象形文字]]。<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、271-272頁。</ref>「[[たて]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[盾]] {{phoneme|*mlunʔ}}｝を表す字。 * [[w:西周_(王朝)|西周]]中期以降の字形は未詳。一説に「[[允]] {{phoneme|*LUN}}」を[[音符]]とする[[形声文字]]。<ref group="字源">趙平安「説“盾”」『 吉林大学社会科学学報』2014年第1期、吉林大学、2014年、第8-10頁。</ref> {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ジュン,たて|呉音=ジュン,ドン|漢音=シュン,トン|訓=たて}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}|たて]] [[Category:{{ja}} 武器|たて]] #（'''[[たて]]'''）攻撃から体を守る[[防具]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|dun4|名詞|武器|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[dùn]] ([[dun4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': tun⁴ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄉㄨㄣˋ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': teun5 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': tún ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': dōng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': tún ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': den2 ** '''[[中古音]]''': dwonX ** '''[[上古音]]''': *lˁunʔ {*lˁu[n]ʔ} ==={{noun}}=== #[[たて]]。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|순|돈}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|thuẫn|pos=noun|cat2=武器}} ==={{noun}}=== # [[たて]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-29-66|mj={{mjmoji|018136}}|gb=B6DC|cns=1-5261|big5=ACDE|ksx=1001-626A}} {{検字|倉頡=HJBU|四角=7226.4}} {{字典|dj=1218.030|hdz=42475.050|大字源=6382|大漢語林=7517|康煕=0801.190|新大字典=10650|新潮漢字=7723|諸橋=23171}} barjuj3hhvd6hzas9j2e6eh88xff84b 0 32630 2280175 2278222 2026-06-07T06:56:20Z M-30722 1202 2280175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|一|2|IVS=00|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji|一|2|IVS=01|t=[[旧字体]]}} {{kanji variants|𠀋}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== *不明。「[[又]]」と「[[十]]」の形から構成される。 **一説に「十*」（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]）を持ったさまを象る。<ref group="字源">白於藍 孔婷琰「釋“匙”」『出土文献』2026年第1期、中西書局、2026年、第1-17頁。</ref> **また一説に[[会意文字|会意]]。「[[又]]」 + 「[[十]]」。<ref group="字源">『漢語多功能字庫』「[https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%B8%88 丈]」</ref>十尺に等しい長さの単位を表す[[漢語]]｛[[丈]] {{phoneme|*lraŋʔ}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #長さの単位(約3.03m) #年輩の男性の呼び名に付ける =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ジョウ,たけ|呉音=ジョウ<ヂャゥ|漢音=チョウ<チャゥ|訓=たけ,だけ,ますら,とも}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}|たけ]] #（たけ、ジョウ）[[ながさ|長さ]]、背の高さ、[[身長]]。 #（たけ）{{タグ|ja|衣類|jsort=たけ}}[[衣服]]の[[部分]]の長さ。 #（たけ）あるかぎりの[[すべて]]。 ==={{suffix}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{suffix}}|しよう じょう]] #（ジョウ）{{タグ|ja|単位|jsort=じょう}}長さの単位。1丈=10[[尺]]。 ===={{prov}}==== *[[丈室]] *[[丈人]] *[[丈夫]] *[[丈母]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhang4|量詞|単位|動詞|常=1|hsk=乙}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} {{cmn-pron|zhàng,sàn}} {{yue-pron|zoeng6}} {{nan-pron|xm,tp,kh,yl,tc,hc,sx,km,mg,ph:tiūⁿ/zz,tn:tiōⁿ/qz,lk:tiǔⁿ/pn:tiāuⁿ/xm,zz,tw:tn̄g/qz:tňg/xm,tw:tiōng/zz:tiāng/qz:tiǒng}} {{cdo-pron|dâung/diông/tiông}} *客家語 **[[白話字]]: chhong, chhông *呉語 **通用呉語拼音: zan3, dzan2, dzan3, zan2, za3, jian3 **呉語学堂式ピンイン: 6zan, 4dzan, 6dzan, 4zan, 6za, 4za, 6jian *[[中古音]]: drjangX *[[上古音]]: **白一平-サガール: *[d]raŋʔ **鄭張: *daŋʔ ===量詞=== #長さの単位。1丈=10[[尺]]（約3.3333[[メートル]]）。 ==={{verb}}=== #（土地の長さや面積を）[[測量]]する。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|장|eumhun=[[어른]] 장|pos=依|cat2=単位}} ===依存名詞=== #長さの単位。1丈=10[[尺]]。 #（漢数詞と共に用いて）人の[[せたけ|背丈]]ほどの[[たかさ|高さ]]を表す。 ==={{prov}}=== * {{l|ko|장모}} &lt;[[丈母]]&gt; * {{l|ko|장부}} &lt;[[丈夫]]&gt; * {{l|ko|장인}} &lt;[[丈人]]&gt; =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|trượng}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-30-70|mj={{mjmoji|006303|006304}}|gb=D5C9|cns=1-4437|big5=A456|ksx=1001-6D5B}} {{検字|倉頡=JK|四角=5000.0}} {{字典|dj=0137.080|hdz=10009.020|大字源=7/8|大漢語林=12|康煕=0076.040|新大字典=10|新潮漢字=12/13|諸橋=11}} [[カテゴリ:IICORE]] ao43ws0wic5sy3hfe63sqhs2qusbhoe 0 32664 2280173 2032723 2026-06-07T06:54:28Z M-30722 1202 2280173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|すい}} ==漢字== {{kanji|巾|6}} {{kanji variants|帅=[[簡体字]]|𦣢|𨸲}} ===字源=== * もとは両手で布を持つさまを象る[[象形文字]]で、それに「[[巾]]」を加えて「帥」の字体となった<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、620-621頁。</ref>。「[[てぬぐい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[帥]] {{phoneme|*sruts}}｝を表す字。 ** 『説文解字』では左側が「𠂤（[[阜]]）」であると説明されているが、これは誤った分析である。[[甲骨文字]]や[[金文]]の形を見ればわかるように「𠂤」とは関係が無い。 {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[軍隊]]を[[統率]]する人。[[指揮官]]。 #[[かしら]]。[[指導者]]。 #[[率いる]]。 #[[そつ]]。[[そち]]。[[太宰府]]の[[長官]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=スイ|呉音=シュチ,シュツ,スイ,ソチ|漢音=スイ,ソツ|訓=ひき-いる}} ===={{prov}}==== * [[元帥]] (げんすい) * [[統帥]] (とうすい) * [[将帥]] * [[総帥]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|shuai4|形容詞}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[shuài]] ([[shuai4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': shuai⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': seui3 ==={{adjective}}=== #{{ふりがな|見事|みごと}}な、[[かっこいい]]。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|솔|수}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|soái|pos=noun|cat2=軍事}} ==={{noun}}=== #[[統帥]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-31-67|mj={{mjmoji|010843}}|gb=8E9B|cns=1-5075|big5=ABD3|ksx=1001-617D}} {{検字|倉頡=HRLB|四角=2472.7}} {{字典|dj=0636.250|hdz=10737.020|大字源=2419|大漢語林=2944|康煕=0331.110|新大字典=4193|新潮漢字=3015|諸橋=8886}} grkomugnr4cd79sffk13fr1a0m5eyhg 0 32886 2280033 1379632 2026-06-07T01:14:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280033 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{de}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|de|adjective form}} # '''[[passiv]]'''の変化形。 ---- =={{en}}== {{wikipedia|dab=Passive|lang=en}} [[Category:{{en}}]] ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|frm|en}}＜ {{etyl|fro|en}} {{term|fr|passif}}＜ {{etyl|la|en}} {{term|la|passivus||感情に左右される}}＜ {{term|la|pati||被る}}、{{term|la|passus}}の過去分詞 ===={{cogn}}==== * [[passion]] * [[passionate]] * [[patience]] * [[patient]] ==={{pron|en}}=== * {{a|UK|US}} {{enPR|păsʹ-ĭv}}, {{IPA|ˈpæs.ɪv|lang=en}} * 発音（米） :[[File:en-us-passive.ogg]] * {{hyphenation|pas|sive|lang=en}} ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj}} # [[消極的]]な。[[うけみ|受け身]]の。[[受動的]]な。[[主体性]]のない。[[みずから|自ら]][[行動]]しない。 #* the '''passive''' support #*: '''消極的'''支持。 # {{context|grammar|lang=en}} [[受動態]]の。 # [[無抵抗]]な。何もしない。 #* He remained '''passive''' during the protest. #*:彼は抗議の間、'''ただじっとして'''いた。 # [[他律]]的な。[[他人]]任せの。主体性がなく、他人に全てを[[ゆだねる|委ねる]]。 # {{context|psychology|lang=en}} （特に性的なものに関し）[[無関心]]な。 # {{context|finance|lang=en}} 無利息の。 # {{context|航空|lang=en}} 動力のない。 #* a '''passive''' balloon; a '''passive''' aeroplane; '''passive''' flight, such as gliding and soaring #*:無動力気球。無動力航空機。滑空、滑翔などの無動力飛行。 ===={{drv}}==== * [[impassive]] * [[passively]] * [[passiveness]] * [[passivity]] * [[passivization]] / [[passivisation]] * [[passivize]] / [[passivise]] ===={{comp}}==== * [[passive-aggressive]] * [[passive income]] * [[passive smoking]] * [[passive voice]] ===={{syn}}==== *（語義4）[[heteronomous]] ===={{ant}}==== *（語義1、2）[[active]] *（語義1、4）[[autonomous]] ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} # {{context|uncountable|grammar|lang=en}} [[受動態]]。 # {{context|countable|grammar|lang=en}} 受動態の活用形。 ---- =={{fr}}== ==={{pron|fr}}=== * {{IPA|pa.siv|lang=fr}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} # {{変化形|passif||f|s|lang=fr}} ==={{verb}}=== {{fr-verb-form}} # {{活用形|passiver||1|s|pres|indc|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||3|s|pres|indc|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||1|s|pres|subj|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||3|s|pres|subj|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||2|s|impr|lang=fr}} ---- =={{it}}== ==={{pron|it}}=== * {{IPA0|/pas.ˈsi.ve/|[pas.siː.ve]|lang=it}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|passivo}} 6gcfmk57p3ryqwqzbcbobvh9bwhk7r3 2280139 2280033 2026-06-07T06:07:16Z M-30722 1202 2280139 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|/pas.ˈsi.ve/|[pas.siː.ve]|lang=it}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|it|adjective form|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|passivo}} =={{L|en}}== {{wikipedia|dab=Passive|lang=en}} ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|frm|en}}＜ {{etyl|fro|en}} {{term|fr|passif}}＜ {{etyl|la|en}} {{term|la|passivus||感情に左右される}}＜ {{term|la|pati||被る}}、{{term|la|passus}}の完了分詞 ===={{cogn}}==== * [[passion]] * [[passionate]] * [[patience]] * [[patient]] ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|UK|US}} {{enPR|păsʹ-ĭv}}, {{IPA|ˈpæs.ɪv|lang=en}} * {{音声|en|en-us-passive.ogg|a=US}} * {{hyphenation|pas|sive|lang=en}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{en-adj}} # [[消極的]]な。[[うけみ|受け身]]の。[[受動的]]な。[[主体性]]のない。[[みずから|自ら]][[行動]]しない。 #*{{ux|en|the '''passive''' support|'''消極的'''支持。}} # {{context|grammar|lang=en}} [[受動態]]の。 # [[無抵抗]]な。何もしない。 #*{{ux|en|He remained '''passive''' during the protest.|彼は抗議の間、'''ただじっとして'''いた。}} # [[他律]]的な。[[他人]]任せの。主体性がなく、他人に全てを[[ゆだねる|委ねる]]。 # {{context|psychology|lang=en}} （特に性的なものに関し）[[無関心]]な。 # {{context|finance|lang=en}} 無利息の。 # {{context|航空|lang=en}} 動力のない。 #*{{ux|en|a '''passive''' balloon; a '''passive''' aeroplane; '''passive''' flight, such as gliding and soaring|無動力気球。無動力航空機。滑空、滑翔などの無動力飛行。}} ===={{drv}}==== * [[impassive]] * [[passively]] * [[passiveness]] * [[passivity]] * [[passivization]] / [[passivisation]] * [[passivize]] / [[passivise]] ===={{comp}}==== * [[passive-aggressive]] * [[passive income]] * [[passive smoking]] * [[passive voice]] ===={{syn}}==== *（語義4）[[heteronomous]] ===={{ant}}==== *（語義1、2）[[active]] *（語義1、4）[[autonomous]] ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} # {{context|uncountable|grammar|lang=en}} [[受動態]]。 # {{context|countable|grammar|lang=en}} 受動態の活用形。 =={{L|de}}== ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|de|adjective form}} #{{de-adj-e|passiv}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|pa.siv|lang=fr}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} # {{変化形|passif||f|s|lang=fr}} ==={{verb}}=== {{fr-verb-form}} # {{活用形|passiver||1|s|pres|indc|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||3|s|pres|indc|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||1|s|pres|subj|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||3|s|pres|subj|lang=fr}} # {{活用形|passiver||2|s|impr|lang=fr}} 8uzmmffayb8wji23bhy1hoq2qmsfqm6 0 32950 2280104 2031427 2026-06-07T05:44:40Z M-30722 1202 2280104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|人|8}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[人]]」+音符「[[到]] {{phoneme|*TAW}}」。「[[たおれる]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[倒]] {{phoneme|*taawʔ}}｝を表す字。 ===意義=== # (他動詞的) [[たおす]]。 # (自動詞的) [[たおれる]]。 #* [[倒壊]]、[[倒産]]、[[転倒]] # [[さかさま]]。 #* [[倒錯]]、[[倒数]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=トウ,たお-れる,たお-す|呉音=トウ<タウ|漢音=トウ<タウ|訓=たお-れる,たお-す,さかさま}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}|さか]] #（'''[[さか]]'''）[[逆]]であること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|dao3|動詞|hsk=甲|hsk2=5|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[dǎo]] ([[dao3]]), [[dào]] ([[dao4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': tao³, tao⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': dou2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': táu, tó, tò ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': tó, to ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': tau2, tau3 ** '''[[中古音]]''': *dɑù, *dɑ̀u ==={{verb}}=== dǎo #{{おくりがな2|倒|たお|れる|たおれる}}。 #[[倒産]]する。 #{{おくりがな2|換|か|える|かえる}}。 #（喉が）[[つぶれる]]。 #[[譲渡]]する。 dào #{{おくりがな2|逆|さか|さま|さかさま}}になる。 #[[後退]]させる、[[逆進]]させる。 #{{おくりがな2|注|そそ|ぐ|そそぐ}}。 ==={{adverb}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{adverb}}|dao4]] dào #～[[なのに]]、[[かえって]]。 #～[[だが]]。 #[[まあ]]、[[別に]]。 #（催促・詰問を表す） =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|도}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|đảo}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-37-61|mj={{mjmoji|006834}}|gb=B5B9|cns=1-542E|big5=ADCB|ksx=1001-536E}} {{検字|倉頡=OMGN|四角=2220.0}} {{字典|dj=0229.070|hdz=10174.020|大字源=341|大漢語林=440|康煕=0107.270|新大字典=576|新潮漢字=446|諸橋=767}} os75gq6563e2pvr513j9uukz9cn4eei 0 32960 2280105 2138584 2026-06-07T05:45:31Z M-30722 1202 2280105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|刀|6}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[至]]」+音符「[[刀]] {{phoneme|*TAW}}」。「[[いたる]]」「[[たどりつく]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[到]] {{phoneme|*taaws}}｝を表す字。 ** [[金文]]を根拠にしてこの字を「至」+「人」と分析する説もある<ref group="字源">白川静　『字統』　平凡社、1984年　642頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、407-408頁。<br></ref>が、金文の字は正しくは「[[致]]」の古形で、本項の「到」を「至」+「人」と分析するのは誤りであるとする説もある<ref group="字源">陳漢平 『金文編訂補』 中国社会科学出版社、1993年、134頁。</ref>。 {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[たどりつく]]。 ===語源=== * チベット語 [[ཐུག་]] 、 [[གཏུགས་]] 、ビルマ語 [[တိုင်]] 等と同根の可能性があるが、音の対応には問題がある。<ref group="語源">Axel Schuessler, ''ABC Etymological Dictionary of old chinese'', University of Hawaii Press, 2006, p. 207.</ref> <references group="語源" /> =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=トウ|呉音=トウ<タウ|漢音=トウ<タウ|訓=いた-る}} ==={{prov}}=== *[[到着]]・[[到達]]・[[到来]]・目的の場所に着く。 *[[到底]]・[[到頭]]・極限までいきつく。 *[[周到]]・[[精到]]・ゆきとどく。ぬかりがない。 *[[殺到]]・多数の人が一箇所へ集中すること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|dao4|動詞|補語|補語 結果補語|補語 可能補語|介詞|間投詞|常=1|hsk=甲|hsk2=2}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[dào]] ([[dao4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': tao⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': dou3 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': kàu, kah ** '''[[上海語]]''' *** {{IPA|to˧˦}} ==={{verb}}=== #{{おくりがな2|着|つ|く|つく}}、[[到着]]する。 #（結果補語・可能補語）～{{おくりがな3|仕|し||遂|と|げる|しとげる}}。 ===介詞=== #～[[まで]]。 ==={{interjection}}=== #（出席を取る時）[[はい]]。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|도}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|đáo}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-37-94|mj={{mjmoji|007504}}|gb=B5BD|cns=1-4C2F|big5=A8EC|ksx=1001-5370}} {{検字|倉頡=MGLN|四角=1210.0}} {{字典|dj=0314.130|hdz=10334.030|大字源=8045|大漢語林=879|康煕=0138.360|新大字典=1171|新潮漢字=884|諸橋=1950}} 2nz9c7s9bzbl8da9c35ry4bl9fcs4hh 0 33055 2280125 2036835 2026-06-07T05:57:08Z M-30722 1202 2280125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|のう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|水3|13}} {{kanji variants|浓=[[簡体字]]|乃=代用字}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[水]]」+音符「[[農]] {{phoneme|*NUNG}}」。「[[こい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛濃 {{phoneme|*nrong}}｝を表す字。 ===意義=== #[[こい]]。[[液体]]の[[密度]]が[[おおきい|大きい]]。 #**同義字：'''[[密]]、[[厚]]''' #**対義字：'''[[淡]]''' =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ノウ,こ-い|呉音=ニュウ<ニュゥ|漢音=ジョウ<ヂョゥ|慣用音=ノウ<ノゥ|訓=こ-い,の}} ===={{prov}}==== * [[濃厚]] * [[濃紺]] * [[濃縮]] * [[濃淡]] * [[濃度]] * [[濃尾]] * [[濃密]] * [[濃霧]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nong2|形容詞}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[nóng]] ([[nong2]]), [[wō]] ([[wo1]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': nung², wo¹ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': nung4 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': lông, lok ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': nùng ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': nyon1 ==={{adjective}}=== #{{おくりがな2|濃|こ|い|こい}}、[[濃厚]]な。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|농|eumhun=짙을 농}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|nống}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-39-27|mj={{mjmoji|016043}}|gb=9DE2|cns=1-712A|big5=BF40|ksx=1001-5258}} {{検字|倉頡=ETWV|四角=3513.2}} {{字典|dj=1064.180|hdz=31756.030|大字源=5310|大漢語林=6347|康煕=0654.210|新大字典=8953|新潮漢字=6464|諸橋=18442}} sazw84zjibc3l3ygsdltwj84ou7nddm 0 33322 2280246 2166605 2026-06-07T10:06:55Z M-30722 1202 2280246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ゆう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|虫|10}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[𩫖]]」+ 声符「[[虫]]（[[蟲]]の略体）{{phoneme|*LUŊ}}」。本義不明。[[仮借]]して「とける」を意味する漢語｛融{{phoneme|*luŋ}}｝を表す字。 ** 「[[鬲]]」部分は[[金文]]では「𩫖」で｛[[墉]]{{phoneme|*loŋ}}城壁｝の表意字で、「𩫖」も「融」において声符であるとの説もある（両声字）。字源上「鬲（かなえ）」とは無関係。<ref group="字源">蘇建洲《再論楚竹書《周易·頤卦》“融”字及相關的幾個字》『周易研究』2009年03期、P.36－39。</ref> {{字源}} ====参考文献==== * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形聲考]』による <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # (他動詞) [[とかす]]。 # (自動詞) [[とける]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ユウ|施策=常用|呉音=ユ|漢音=ユウ<ユゥ|訓=と-ける,と-かす,とお-る|名乗り=あきら;[[w:速水融|速水融]],とおる;[[w:源融|源融]],ゆずる;[[w:渡辺融 (官僚)|渡辺融]]}} ==={{prov}}=== * [[融解]] * [[融合]] * [[融資]] * [[融通]] * [[融和]] * [[金融]] * [[溶融]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|rong2|固有名詞|姓|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[mā]] ([[ma1]]), [[mà]] ([[ma4]]), [[róng]] ([[rong2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': ma¹, ma⁴, jung² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': yung4 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': hiông, iông ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': yùng ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': yon1 ==={{name}}=== Róng #中国人の[[姓]]のひとつ。[[百家姓]]第376位。 ==={{prov}}=== * [[融化]] * [[融解]] * [[融會]] * [[融合]] * [[融洽]] * [[融資]] * [[融通]] * [[融和]] * [[金融]] * [[交融]] * [[溶融]] =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|융|eumhun=부드러울 융, 밝을 융, 융통할 융, 불길 위로 오를 융, 귀신이름 융}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|dung}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-45-27}} <!-- * [[EUC]] ** JP 16進：CDBB ** CN 16進：C8DA ** KR 16進：EBD7 * [[Big5]] ** 16進：BFC4 ** 10進：49092 * [[CNS]] ** 16進：F2AE * [[GB18030]] ** 16進：C8DA --> * [[四角号碼]] : 1523₆ * [[倉頡入力法]] : 一月中一戈 (MBLMI) lh6nov2jjjq555nfz4xg5d9bcznp0j6 0 34101 2280126 2176935 2026-06-07T05:58:15Z M-30722 1202 2280126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|だい}} ==漢字== {{kanji|丿|1}} {{kanji variants|迺=[[繁体字]]|濃=被代用字|𠄎=[[古字]]|𠧤=[[古字]]|𢉓=[[古字]]|𢎗=[[古字]]|𢎧=[[古字]]|𢏩=[[古字]]|𠄕=[[籀文]]|𠚝=[[籀文]]|廼=[[別体字]]|𱍹=[[同字]]}} * 筆順 : [[image:{{PAGENAME}}-jbw.png|350px]]（日本における筆順） [[image:{{PAGENAME}}-bw.png|350px]]（中国における筆順） ===字源=== * 未詳。以下のような説がある<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、389頁。</ref>。[[仮借]]して「[[なんじ]]」「[[すなわち]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[乃]] {{phoneme|*nˤəʔ}}｝に用いる。 ** ひっぱるさまを象る。「[[ひく]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[扔]] {{phoneme|*nəŋh}}｝を表す字。 ** 乳房を象る。「[[ちち]]」を意味する漢語｛[[奶]] {{phoneme|*nrˤeʔ}}｝を表す字。 ** 縄を象る。「[[なわ]]」を意味する漢語｛[[繩]] {{phoneme|*mləŋ}}｝を表す字。 ** 『[[w:説文解字|説文解字]]』は語気が出がたいさまを象ると説明しているが、信頼できる記述ではない。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[あなた]]。[[なんじ]]。 #* [[乃父]] # [[すなわち]]。 #* [[乃至]] #（日本語）「[[の]]」の音を表す。 [[Category:人名用漢字|たい だい]] ==={{desc}}=== *[[の]] *[[ノ]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ナイ|漢音=ダイ|音=ノ;古音|訓=なんじ,すなわ-ち,の|名乗=いまし,おさむ,ゆき}} ==={{prov}}=== {{prov-top}} *{{ふりがな|乃翁|だいおう|yomilink=no}} *{{ふりがな|乃公|だいこう|yomi2=ないこう|yomi3=おれ|yomilink=no}} *{{ふりがな|乃父|だいぶ|yomilink=no}} *{{ふりがな|乃至|ないし|yomilink=no}} *{{ふりがな|乃祖|ないそ|yomilink=no}} *{{ふりがな|木乃伊|ミイラ|yomilink=no}} {{prov-bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nai3|常=1}} [[Category:{{yue}}|naai5]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[nǎi]] ([[nai3]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': nai³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': naai5 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|내|eumhun=[[이에]] 내}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|nải}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-39-21|mj={{mjmoji|006375}}|gb=C4CB|cns=1-C4A5|big5=A444}} {{検字|倉頡=MHS|四角=1722.7}} p9lhwyk0h30m8bgc6ncjgrs18vuc31r 0 35128 2279931 2267411 2026-06-06T16:11:30Z KashiDisco 119947 /* 字源 */ 2279931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ヤ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|乙|2}} {{kanji variants|匜|迆|𠃟=[[古字]]|𠔄|𦫴|𦬀|𬼂=[[草体]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * 構形本義不明。以下の説がある。 *# 字形から「[[子]]」の頭部が「[[口]]」であるとし、子供が口を開けて泣いている様で｛[[啼]]（[[嗁]]）｝の表語文字。<ref group="字源">黃德寬《説“也”》<br>李家浩《釋老簋銘文中的“⿰氵⿸虍也”字——兼談“只”字的來源》→佐藤信弥『[https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/file.jsp?research/shirakawa/file/3-05.pdf 金文通解 虎簋蓋]』PDF<br>→布之道回答｢[https://www.zhihu.com/question/396845735/answer/1258803165 漢字“也”字在表述什么意思？]｣、2020年。</ref> *#*「也{{phoneme|*laʔ}}（「[[迆]]{{phoneme|*leʔ}}」などのように{{phoneme|*LE}}の音価も持つ）」と「[[虒]]{{phoneme|*ɬe}}」は声が近い。 *# より新しい見解では「[[侃]] {{phoneme|*KLAN}}」の[[分化字]]で、｛[[也]]｝の[[上古音]][[再構]]を {{phoneme|*laiʔ}} とする。<ref group="字源">朴益順安回答「[https://www.zhihu.com/question/396845735/answer/3499416542 漢字“也”字在表述什么意思？]」、2025年。</ref> *# [[女陰]]の[[象形文字|象形]]（[[w:説文解字|説文解字]]）<ref group="字源">許慎『説文解字』巻十二に「女陰也。象形」とあり、段玉裁『説文解字注』でも「此の篆は女陰を是れ本義とす。」とこの説を支持するが、篆書と甲骨文字の形態が異なるため根拠足り得ない。</ref>、[[さそり|蠍]]の[[象形文字|象形]]（[[w:藤堂明保|藤堂]]）などの説もあるがいずれも根拠に乏しい。 {{字源}} ====<参考文献>==== <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[也]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*LE） |- ! !! !! 定母 !! 透母 !! |- ! rowspan="4" | 四等 || 平声 齊韻 | || （曉母：[[忚]]） || |- ! 上声 薺韻 | || || |- ! 去声 霽韻 | [[髢]] || || |- ! 入声 錫韻 | || || |- ! !! !! 澄母 !! 徹母 !! |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 佳韻 | || || |- ! 上声 蟹韻 | || || |- ! 去声 卦韻 | || || |- ! 入声 麥韻 | || || |- ! !! !! 以母 !! 書母 !! 船母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 支韻 | || || |- ! 上声 紙韻 | [[酏]][[迆]][[衪]][[肔]][[崺]][[扡]]<br>（馬韻：[[也]][[虵]]）<br>（常母：[[𤜣]]） || [[阤]] || [[𦧇]][[𤜣]]<br>（邪母馬韻：[[灺]]） |- ! 去声 寘韻 | [[貤]][[㒾]]<br>（至韻：[[貤]]） || || （至韻：[[貤]]） |- ! 入声 昔韻 | || || |- ! !! !! 澄母 !! 徹母 !! |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 支韻 | || || |- ! 上声 紙韻 | [[杝]][[阤]] || || |- ! 去声 寘韻 | || || |- ! 入声 昔韻 | || || |- | colspan="5" | ※[[他]][[拖]][[𧦭]][[駞]][[池]][[地]][[絁]][[施]][[葹]][[鍦]][[䗐]][[𢻫]][[䄬]][[箷]][[𥠥]][[暆]][[匜]][[馳]][[䪧]][[䶔]][[𥍸]]⇒[[它]] |} ===意義=== #～である #*（日本）[[証書]]、[[帳簿]]、[[珠算]]などで金額の直後に付随する。――円也。 #{{タグ||漢文}}[[助字]]。 #*主として句末、文末に置いて[[語気]]を強め、[[断定]]の意を表す。[[疑問文]]、命令文でも同様の働きをする。 #*[[人物]]への呼びかけ。 #*:[[賜]][[也]]、[[始]][[可]][[與]][[言]][[詩]][[已]][[矣]]。[[告]][[諸]][[往]][[而]][[知]][[來]][[者]][[也]]。（[[w:子貢|賜]]よ、いい所に気がついた。それでこそ共に[[w:詩経|詩]]を語り合う資格があるのだ。君は一つのことが分かると、すぐ次のことが分かる人物だね。『[[w:論語|論語]]』学而第一 15節） <!-- #*:[[子]][[謂]][[子]][[貢]][[曰]]、[[女]][[與]][[回]][[也]][[孰]][[愈]]。[[對]][[曰]]、[[賜]][[也]][[何]][[敢]][[望]][[回]]。[[回]][[也]][[聞]][[一]][[以]][[知]][[十]]。[[賜]][[也]][[聞]][[一]][[以]][[知]][[二]]。[[子]][[曰]]、[[弗]][[如]][[也]]。[[吾]][[與]][[女]][[弗]][[如]][[也]]。（[[w:孔子|孔子]]「[[なんじ]]と[[w:顔回|顔回]]とでは、どちらが優れているかな。」 [[w:子貢|子貢]]「回は私など及びもつかない男です。回は[[一を聞いて十を知る]]ことが出来るのに、私は一を聞いてやっと二を知るに過ぎません。」 孔子「そうだな。お前だけではない、私も彼には及ばないのだ。」『[[w:論語|論語]]』公冶長第五 8節） --> #*まれに単独で[[疑問]]、[[反語]]、詠嘆を表す。この場合は[[與]]、[[哉]]、[[歟]]などと同義。 =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|施策=人名用追加:1951|呉音=ヤ|漢音=ヤ|訓=なり,また,か;終助詞|名乗=し}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ye3|副詞|助詞|文章語|hsk=甲|hsk2=2|常=1}} ==={{pron}}=== {{zh-han |m=yě |m-s=ye3 |dg=е |c=jaa5 |c-t=ya4 |g=ia3 |pfs=ya/yâ |gd=ya1 |j=ie2 |mb=ǎ/iǎ |md=iâ/iá |mn=xm,zz,jj,tw:iā/qz:iǎ/xm,zz,jj,twv:ā/qz:ǎ/iá |mn-t=ia7/a7 |mn-t_note=a7 - “if” |w=6gha,6gha,6ye,1a |x=ia3/ie3 |mc=y |oc=y }} ==={{adverb}}=== #～[[も]]。 ==={{parti}}=== #（文章語）〜[[だ]]、〜[[である]]。 #（文章語、疑問）〜[[か]]。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|야|eumhun=[[이끼]], [[어조사]]}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|dã}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-44-73|mj={{mjmoji|006406}}|gb=D2B2|cns=1-443E|big5=A45D|ksx=1001-6525}} {{検字|倉頡=PD|四角=4471.2}} {{字典|dj=0170.040|hdz=10050.050|大字源=68|大漢語林=94|康煕=0084.040|新大字典=174|新潮漢字=109|諸橋=171}} d3wp8m1lz06l9mzceffwd6fe9x04kei 0 35284 2280164 2279674 2026-06-07T06:48:10Z M-30722 1202 2280164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|えん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|宀|5}} {{kanji variants|𭓩=[[俗字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[宀]]」+[[音符]]「[[夗]] {{phoneme|*ɁON}}」。「[[やかた]]」「[[宿舎]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[館]] {{phoneme|*koons}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して、体を[[まげる]]ことを意味する漢語｛宛 {{phoneme|*ʔonʔ}}｝に用いる。 ** 「[[あてる]]」に用いるのは、「[[充]]」の[[俗字]]との混用によるもの。<ref group="字源">張涌泉『漢語俗字研究（増訂本）』商務印書館、2010年、157-158頁。</ref> ====参考文献==== <references group="字源" /> ===字義=== #体や姿をくねらす。 #くねくねと曲がったさま。 #[[原物]]の通りに姿が曲がっているの意から、原物にそっくりで非常によく似ていることを指す。[[あたかも]]。 #なざし。また、割り当て。（日本のみ） #～ずつ。わりあて。（日本のみ） =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=あ-てる|施策=常用追加:2010,表外字体:印刷標準:エン|呉音=オン<ヲン|漢音=エン<ヱン|訓=あ-てる,ずつ,あたか-も,さなが-ら}} ===={{prov}}==== *[[宛名]] *[[宛先]] *[[名宛]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|wan3|常=2}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[wǎn]] (wan3) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': wan³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': yun2 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|완|원|eumhun=어슴푸레할 완, 언덕 위 언덕 완, 서쪽 나라이름 원}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|uyển}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-16-24|mj={{mjmoji|010133}}|gb=CDF0|cns=1-4C7D|big5=A97B|ksx=1001-6848}} {{検字|倉頡=JNIU|四角=3021.2}} {{字典|dj=0561.010|hdz=20922.050|大字源=2052|大漢語林=2495|康煕=0284.010|新大字典=3471|新潮漢字=2540|諸橋=7110}} qwgfcvmlnjjfnnlsi5w5x3eb44cyjb9 0 35636 2279907 2194249 2026-06-06T14:39:11Z M-30722 1202 2279907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|金|9|IVS=01|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji|金|9|IVS=00|t=[[旧字体]]}} {{kanji variants|键=[[簡体字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[金]]」 + [[音符]]「[[建]] {{phoneme|*KAN}}」。「[[かぎ]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[鍵]] {{phoneme|*ɡanʔ}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} ====参考文献==== * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[かぎ]]。[[門扉]]を[[閉鎖]]するのに用いる[[しかけ|仕掛け]]（[[錠]]）の[[開閉]]に用いる道具。 #*対義字:[[錠]] #[[ピアノ]]、[[オルガン]]といった楽器の音を鳴らす際に指で押し下げる部分。 #*[[鍵盤]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ケン,かぎ|施策=常用追加:2010,表外字体:印刷標準:ケン|呉音=ゴン|漢音=ケン|訓=かぎ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ja}} {{noun}}|かき かぎ]] {{wikipedia}} #（'''[[かぎ]]'''）[[門扉]]を[[閉鎖]]するのに用いる[[しかけ|仕掛け]]（[[錠]]）の[[開閉]]に用いる道具。 #（'''[[かぎ]]'''）（「錠」をふくめた）[[門扉]]を[[閉鎖]]するのに用いる[[しかけ|仕掛け]]。 #（'''[[かぎ]]'''）{{タグ|ja|比喩|jsort=かぎ}}物事を[[解決]]するのに[[きっかけ]]となるもの。 #（'''[[ケン]]'''　英語'''[[key]]'''等の略語）（「[[ピアノ]]、[[オルガン]]といった楽器の音を鳴らす際に指で押し下げる部分。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|かぎ}} 語義4 *{{T|en}}:[[key]] ==={{prov}}=== *[[鍵関]] *[[鍵盤]] *[[鍵閉]] *[[関鍵]] *[[黒鍵]] *[[白鍵]] ===={{idiom}}==== * [[鍵の孔から天を覗く]] =={{L|zh}}== {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[jiàn]] (jian4) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': chien⁴ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄐㄧㄢˋ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': gin6 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': kiān, kiàn ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': giông ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': jie2 ** '''[[中古音]]''': gjen, gjonX, gjenX ** '''[[上古音]]''': *** '''鄭張''': *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|jian4|名詞}} #[[軸止め]]。 #（ピアノやパソコンの）[[キー]]、[[鍵盤]]。 #{{タグ|zh|文章語|sort=jian4}}{{ふりがな|閂|かんぬき}}。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|건}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-24-16|mj={{mjmoji|027070|027071}}|gb=E649|cns=1-756F|big5=C1E4|ksx=1001-4B75}} {{検字|倉頡=CNKQ|四角=8514.0}} {{字典|dj=1815.230|hdz=64225.070|大字源=10632|大漢語林=12155|康煕=1315.140|新大字典=17940|新潮漢字=13423/13424|諸橋=40654}} om2lgkq1813hbch648vhcr6ev8vv9wa 0 35776 2280170 2278144 2026-06-07T06:52:30Z M-30722 1202 2280170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たい}} ==漢字== {{kanji|土|8}} {{kanji variants|𠂤=[[本字]]|㕍|㢈|垖=[[同字]]|𡒌|𡸠|𡺇|𡺾|𣳨|𰍄}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[土]]」 + [[音符]]「[[隹]] {{phoneme|*TUI}}」。「[[うずたかい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[堆]] {{phoneme|*tˤui}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} ====参考文献==== * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[うずたかい]]。 #うずたかく積みあがったもの。[[もりすな|盛り砂]]。また、それを数える量詞。 #[[集積]]する。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=タイ|施策=常用追加:2010,表外字体:印刷標準:タイ|呉音=タイ,テ|漢音=タイ|唐音=ツイ|訓=うずたか-い}} ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] {{wikipedia}} #（タイ）{{タグ|ja|地形}}[[大陸棚]]あるいは[[島棚]]の上で特に浅くなっているが船の[[航行]]には[[支障]]のないところ。[[バンク]]。 ==={{prov}}=== *[[堆積]] *[[堆肥]] *[[堆朱]] *[[冷土荒堆]] *[[堆金積玉]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|dui1|動詞|名詞|量詞|常=1|hsk=乙|hsk2=5}} [[Category:{{yue}}|deui1]] [[Category:{{nan}}|tui1]] [[Category:{{hak}}|toi1]] [[Category:{{wuu}}|te1]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[duī]] (dui1) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': tui¹ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': deui1 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': tui, tu, bu, phû ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': tôi ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': te1 ==={{verb}}=== #{{おくりがな2|積|つ|む|つむ}}。 ==={{noun}}=== #（積み上げた）{{ふりがな|山|やま}}。 ===量詞=== #積み上げて山のようになったものに用いる量詞。 #人の群れに用いる量詞。 ===={{prov}}==== {{col3|lang=zh|堆疊|堆垛|堆放|堆肥|堆焊|堆紅|堆積|堆集|堆金積玉|堆絹|堆摞|堆碼|堆砌|堆笑|堆繡|堆棧|堆子|堆花燒酒|堆鴉|堆豗|堆山塞海|一堆|堆貯|吉丟古堆|堆下笑|孤堆|大堆|大陸隆堆|堆堆|堆金|堆貨|堆花|堆置|堆積平原|堆積如山|堆滿|垃圾堆|土堆|估堆兒|扎堆|末子堆|故紙堆|滿臉堆笑|撲堆|是非堆|狗屎堆|積玉堆金|泥堆|盤堆|歸裡包堆|滿面堆笑|瓊堆玉砌|白龍堆|灩澦堆|打灰堆|魁堆|鬢若堆鴉|馬王堆|草堆|雷堆|離堆山|送作堆|纍堆|桑堆|三堆河|煎堆}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|퇴|eumhun=[[흙무더기]]/[[쌓다|쌓을]] 퇴|pos=noun|cat2=地形}} ==={{noun}}=== #（日本語に同じ）堆、[[バンク]]。 ===={{prov}}==== {{prov-top}} *{{ko-l|堆積|퇴적}} **{{ko-l|堆積物|퇴적물}} **{{ko-l|堆石層|퇴석층}} **{{ko-l|堆積學|퇴적학}} *{{ko-l|堆肥|퇴비}} *{{ko-l|堆石|퇴석}} *{{ko-l|堆漆|퇴칠}} *{{ko-l|堆花|퇴화}} *{{ko-l|堆疊|퇴첩}} *{{ko-l|堆黃|퇴황}} *{{ko-l|堆土|퇴토}} *{{ko-l|穀堆|곡퇴}} *{{ko-l|堆黑|퇴흑}} *{{ko-l|堆紅|퇴홍}} *{{ko-l|堆朱|퇴주}} *{{ko-l|堆昆|퇴곤}} *{{ko-l|上堆|상퇴}} *{{ko-l|砂堆|사퇴}} *{{ko-l|沙堆|사퇴}} *{{ko-l|堆困|퇴곤}} {{prov-bottom}} =={{L|za}}== [[Category:古壮字|ndoi]] '''ローマ字表記''' *[[ndoi]] #「[[𪤠]]」の[[同字]]。 =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|chui|doi|đôi|đòi|đồi|đui|duôi|nhoi|pos=adj|pos2=verb}} ==={{adj}}=== chui #[[違法]]な、[[いかがわしい|如何わしい]]。 {{vi-head|adj|đui}} #{{context|colloquial|offensive||となりうる|lang=vi|skey=dui1 đui}} [[盲目]]の。 ==={{adv}}=== {{vi-head|adv|đôi}} #[[二重]]に、二倍に。 ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|doi}} #{{context|地形|lang=vi|skey=doi1 doi}} [[砂州]]。 {{vi-head|noun|đôi}} #[[ふたつ|二つ]]。 #{{context|card game|lang=vi|skey=doi1 đôi}} ワンペア。 {{vi-head|noun|đồi}} #{{context|地形|lang=vi|skey=doi2 đôi}} [[おか|丘]]。 {{vi-head|noun|đuôi}} #{{context|anatomy|lang=vi|skey=duoi1 đuôi}} [[お|尾]]。 #{{context|computing|colloquial|lang=vi|skey=duoi1 đuôi}} [[拡張子]]。 #{{context|nautical|lang=vi|skey=duoi1 đuôi}} [[船尾]]。 #{{context|linguistics|colloquial|lang=vi|skey=duoi1 đuôi}} [[接尾辞]]。 ==={{verb}}=== chui #[[かがむ|屈む]]。 #{{context|figurative|lang=vi|skey=chui1 chui}} [[しのびよる|忍び寄る]]。 {{vi-head|verb|đòi}} #[[要求]]する。 #[[召喚]]する。 #{{context|obsolete|lang=vi|skey=doi2 đoi}} [[したがう|従う]]。 {{vi-head|verb|nhoi}} #[[浮上]]する。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-34-47|mj={{mjmoji|009127}}|gb=B6D1|cns=1-5954|big5=B0EF|全={{全字庫|88404}}|ksx=1001-7758}} {{検字|倉頡=GOG|四角=4011.4}} {{字典|cowles=4248|dj=0469.060|hdz=10454.040|matthews=6557|mw=3570|nelson=1094|大字源=1575|大漢語林=1919|康煕=0232.040|新大字典=2682|新潮漢字=1963|諸橋=5211}} swle07y8fszxcpyksfwx84kxzxayshm 0 35807 2280058 2035894 2026-06-07T02:01:34Z Y-ange'777 121643 削除されていた字形変遷の差し戻し。 2280058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=斤:4+7}} {{kanji variants|斩=[[簡体字]]}} ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。「[[車]]」+「[[斤]]」<ref group="字源">何琳儀 『戦国古文字典』 中華書局、1998年、1459頁。</ref>。「[[きる]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[斬]] {{phoneme|*tsramʔ}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}}<references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[きる]]。 #*[[斬殺]] #[法][[斬刑]]。[[中国]]における[[五刑]]のひとつ、[[死刑]]の上位処置。 =={{L|ja}}== [[カテゴリ:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ザン,き-る|施策=常用追加:2010,表外字体:印刷標準:ザン|呉音=セン<セム|漢音=サン<サム|慣用音=ザン|訓=き-る}} ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] #[[斬罪]]、[[斬刑]]。 ==={{prov}}=== *[[斬獲]] *[[斬奸]] *[[斬罪]] *[[斬殺]] *[[斬首]] *[[斬新]] *[[斬髪]] =={{L|zh}}== [[カテゴリ:{{zh}}|zhan3]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[zhǎn]] (zhan3) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': chan³ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄓㄢˇ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': jaam2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': chám, cháⁿ ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': cāng ** '''[[閩北語]]''' *** '''[[KCR]]''': cǎng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': chám ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': tsae2 ** '''[[贛語]]''': zan3 ** '''[[湘語]]''': zan3 ** '''[[中古音]]''': tsreamX ** '''[[上古音]]''': *** '''白一平-サガール''': *[ts]ramʔ *** '''鄭張''': *ʔsreːmʔ ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{verb}}|zhan3]] #[[斬首]]する。 #{{ふりがな|相手|あいて}}に{{おくりがな2|勝|か|つ|かつ}}、{{おくりがな2|倒|たお|す|たおす}}。 ==={{prov}}=== =={{L|ko}}== [[カテゴリ:{{ko}}|참]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[참]]|eumhun=[[베다|벨]] 참|rv=cham|mr=ch'am|y=cham}} ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|참]] #[[斬首]]。 #[[斬刑]]。 ==={{prov}}=== =={{L|vi}}== [[カテゴリ:{{vi}}|tram4 tram]] {{trans_link|vi|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** [[Quốc ngữ]]: [[trảm]] ==={{verb}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{vi}}_{{verb}}|tram4 tram]] #[[斬首]]する。 ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{文字コード|jis=1-27-34|mj={{mjmoji|013082}}|gb=94D8|cns=1-5A7D|big5=B1D9|ksx=1001-7356}} {{検字|倉頡=JJHML|四角=5202.1}} {{点字|tenji6=456,26,24|tenji8=125678,467}} {{字典|dj=0838.160|hdz=32024.100|大字源=3751|大漢語林=4361|康煕=0479.180|新大字典=6274|新潮漢字=4468|諸橋=13555}} iohh4eaep28og1j01ojooo1y6tubjiy 2280102 2280058 2026-06-07T05:42:00Z M-30722 1202 2280102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|斤|7}} {{kanji variants|斩=[[簡体字]]}} ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。「[[車]]」+「[[斤]]」<ref group="字源">何琳儀 『戦国古文字典』 中華書局、1998年、1459頁。</ref>。「[[きる]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[斬]] {{phoneme|*tsramʔ}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}}<references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[きる]]。 #*[[斬殺]] #[法][[斬刑]]。[[中国]]における[[五刑]]のひとつ、[[死刑]]の上位処置。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ザン,き-る|施策=常用追加:2010,表外字体:印刷標準:ザン|呉音=セン<セム|漢音=サン<サム|慣用音=ザン|訓=き-る}} ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] #[[斬罪]]、[[斬刑]]。 ==={{prov}}=== *[[斬獲]] *[[斬奸]] *[[斬罪]] *[[斬殺]] *[[斬首]] *[[斬新]] *[[斬髪]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhan3|動詞}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[zhǎn]] (zhan3) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': chan³ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄓㄢˇ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': jaam2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': chám, cháⁿ ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': cāng ** '''[[閩北語]]''' *** '''[[KCR]]''': cǎng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': chám ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': tsae2 ** '''[[贛語]]''': zan3 ** '''[[湘語]]''': zan3 ** '''[[中古音]]''': tsreamX ** '''[[上古音]]''': *** '''白一平-サガール''': *[ts]ramʔ *** '''鄭張''': *ʔsreːmʔ ==={{verb}}=== #[[斬首]]する。 #{{ふりがな|相手|あいて}}に{{おくりがな2|勝|か|つ|かつ}}、{{おくりがな2|倒|たお|す|たおす}}。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|참|eumhun=[[베다|벨]] 참|pos=noun}} ==={{noun}}=== #[[斬首]]。 #[[斬刑]]。 =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|trảm|pos=verb}} ==={{verb}}=== #[[斬首]]する。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-27-34|mj={{mjmoji|013082}}|gb=94D8|cns=1-5A7D|big5=B1D9|ksx=1001-7356}} {{検字|倉頡=JJHML|四角=5202.1}} {{字典|dj=0838.160|hdz=32024.100|大字源=3751|大漢語林=4361|康煕=0479.180|新大字典=6274|新潮漢字=4468|諸橋=13555}} m5sf5uzdai9tkkpj18rxobber5vvq85 0 36142 2280177 2278527 2026-06-07T06:58:35Z M-30722 1202 2280177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とく}} ==漢字== {{kanji|禾|2}} {{kanji variants|秃=[[付録:現代漢語常用字表・常用字|現代漢語常用字表]]における字体}} ===字源=== * 「[[秀]]」の下部を「[[人]]」に入れ替えた[[異体字]]<ref group="字源">郭永秉 「関於「穗、秀」問題的一封信」 『金石有声――文献与文字断想』 上海人民出版社、2021年、144-151頁。</ref>。のち[[仮借]]して「[[はげる]]」を意味する漢語｛[[禿]] {{phoneme|*hlook}}｝に用いる。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #頭に毛がない、[[はげ]]。 #頭から毛が抜ける、[[はげる]]。 #帽子などをかぶらず、頭がむき出しの。 #（日本）[[かむろ]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|施策=表外字体:印刷標準:トク|呉音=トク|漢音=トク|訓=ちび-る,かむろ,は-げる,はげ}} ==={{prov}}=== *[[禿頭]] *[[かぶろ]] *[[禿筆]] *[[禿髪]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|tu1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[tū]] (tu1) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': t'u¹ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': tuk1 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|독|eumhun=대머리 독}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|thóc}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-38-37|mj={{mjmoji|018991}}|gb=B664|cns=1-4B35|big5=A872|ksx=1001-543E}} {{検字|倉頡=HDHU|四角=2021.7, 2021.9,2021.7}} {{字典|dj=1270.150|大字源=6783|大漢語林=677|康煕=0849.020|新大字典=11298|新潮漢字=8184|諸橋=24910}} nyi12t5f740sl4zld96swp882o6ktpn 0 36185 2280127 2032817 2026-06-07T05:58:59Z M-30722 1202 2280127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ダイ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|廴|6}} {{kanji variants|迺=[[正字]]}} {{筆順}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ナイ|漢音=ダイ|訓=すなわ-ち,なんじ|名乗=の;芸名などに用いる}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nai3}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[nǎi]] (nai3) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': nai³ =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|내|eumhun=[[이에]] 내}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-39-22|mj={{mjmoji|011115|011116|011117}}|gb=8F69|cns=3-2C4B|ksx=1027-1-3078}} {{検字|倉頡=NKMCW|四角=1140.6}} {{字典|dj=0668.020|hdz=10404.080|大字源=2571|大漢語林=3109|新大字典=4467|新潮漢字=3211|諸橋=9576}} g2pzhgisqak54as78n3jzxut0iu151q 0 36186 2280128 2038529 2026-06-07T05:59:43Z M-30722 1202 2280128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ダイ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|辵4|6}} {{kanji variants|乃=[[簡体字]]|廼=[[俗字]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * <!-- [[象形文字|象形]]』、『[[指事文字|指事]]』、『[[会意文字|会意]]』、『[[形声文字|形声]]』、『[[会意形声文字|会意形声]]』。--> {{字源}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ナイ|漢音=ダイ|訓=の,すなわ-ち,なんじ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nai3}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[nǎi]] (nai3) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': nai³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': naai5 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|내|eumhun=[[이에]] 내}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-77-82|mj={{mjmoji|025867|025868}}|gb=DE95|cns=1-584E|big5=B069|ksx=1002-5C3B}} {{検字|倉頡=YMCW|四角=3130.6,1140.6 3130.6}} {{字典|dj=1739.220|hdz=63827.100|大字源=10139|大漢語林=11520|康煕=1256.040|新大字典=17109|新潮漢字=3212|諸橋=38831}} 2h5r75hx0ep7xjdqdlbmu7s749uzeiz 0 36369 2280224 2034510 2026-06-07T09:28:13Z M-30722 1202 2280224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|米|11}} {{kanji variants|粪=[[簡体字]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[象形文字|象形]]。箕を持って掃除するさまを象る<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、313-314頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、295-296頁。</ref>。「[[掃除]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[糞]] {{phoneme|*puns}}｝を表す字。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[動物]]の[[排泄物]]。[[便]]。 # [[けがれ|汚れ]]を除く。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|施策=表外字体:印刷標準:フン|呉音=フン|漢音=フン|訓=くそ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] #（フン）[[動物]]の[[大便]]。 #（くそ）'''[[くそ]]'''を参照のこと。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|語義1|大便}} ===感動詞・接頭辞・接尾辞=== *（くそ）'''[[くそ]]'''を参照のこと。 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[蚕糞]] *[[牛糞]] *[[人糞]] *[[脱糞]] *[[馬糞]] *[[糞石]] *[[糞生菌]] *[[糞尿]] *[[糞便]] *[[金魚の糞]] *[[兎の糞]] *[[糞詰まり]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|fen4}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[fèn]] (fen4), [[sān]] (san1) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': fen⁴, san¹ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': fan3 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|분|eumhun=똥 분}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|phân}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-42-21|mj={{mjmoji|019917}}|gb=BC53|cns=1-745E|big5=C154|ksx=1001-5D50}} {{検字|倉頡=FDWTC|四角=9080.1}} {{字典|dj=1339.200|hdz=53158.070|大字源=7254|大漢語林=8540|康煕=0912.260|新大字典=12052|新潮漢字=8823|諸橋=27102}} 0bx6qo6dp2mmdlm41yag4uej7hpihxc 0 37219 2280185 2031946 2026-06-07T07:14:38Z M-30722 1202 2280185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|口|6}} {{kanji variants|鹹=[[繁体字]]}} ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。「[[戌]] （[[武器]]）」+羨符「口 （他の字と区別するための無意味な記号）」。「[[ころす]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[咸]] {{phoneme|*ɡrəəmʔ}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[みな]]」を意味する漢語｛[[咸]] {{phoneme|*ɡrəəm}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">張世超、孫凌安、金国泰、馬如森 『金文形義通解』 中文出版社、1996年、177-179頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、421頁。</ref> {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[咸]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*KƏM） |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 !! 疑母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 一等 || 平声 覃韻 | [[䌠]] || （添韻：[[䌠]]） || || || （添韻：[[䌠]]） || |- ! 上声 感韻 | [[感]][[鱤]][[䃭]]<br>（端母：[[䉞]]） || [[轗]][[顑]] || [[撼]] || || [[䫲]]<br>（敢韻：[[喊]]） || |- ! 去声 勘韻 | || [[轗]] || [[憾]] || || [[䫲]][[𩞿]] || |- ! 入声 合韻 | || || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 !! 疑母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 咸韻 | [[緘]][[䌠]][[瑊]][[黬]][[𪒹]] || [[𠔺]] || [[咸]][[鹹]][[醎]][[𩤥]][[諴]][[椷]][[輱]] || || [[㰹]][[𧍧]] || [[黬]][[羬]][[𧇱]][[麙]][[㺂]] |- ! 上声 豏韻 | [[減]][[𥳒]] || [[𢜩]] || [[減]][[喊]][[𡞣]][[𥻇]] || || [[喊]] || |- ! 去声 陷韻 | || || [[顑]] || || - || [[顑]] |- ! 入声 洽韻 | [[䶢]] || [[䁍]][[䶢]] || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 !! 疑母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 侵韻 | （章母：[[鍼]][[𪈁]][[箴]][[葴]][[瑊]][[鱵]]） || || （鹽韻：[[鍼]]） || || || |- ! 上声 寢韻 | || || || || || |- ! 去声 沁韻 | || - || || || - || |- ! 入声 緝韻 | || || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 !! 疑母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 侵韻 | || （鹽韻：[[𢜩]]） || （鹽韻：[[羬]][[鍼]]） || || || |- ! 上声 寢韻 | || || || || || |- ! 去声 沁韻 | || || || || || |- ! 入声 緝韻 | || || || || || |} ===意義=== {{wikipedia|周易下経三十四卦の一覧#{{PAGENAME}}}} #[[みな]]。[[すべて]]。 #（「[[鹹]]」の簡体字）[[しおからい]]。 #[[六十四卦]]の一つ。卦の形は[[画像:Iching-hexagram-31.svg|20px]]であり、[[艮下]][[兌上]]で構成される。 [[category:六十四卦]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|施策=表外字体:印刷標準:カン|呉音=ゲン<ゲム|漢音=カン<カム|訓=しげ,みな}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|xian2|形容詞|常=1|hsk=丙|hsk2=4}} [[Category:簡体字|xian2]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xián]] (xian2) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': hsien² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': haam4 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': hâm ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': hàm ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': yie1, ghae1 ==={{adjective}}=== #（「[[鹹]]」の簡体字）{{おくりがな3|塩|しお||辛|から|い|しおからい}}、[[しょっぱい]]。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|함}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-50-89|mj={{mjmoji|008243}}|gb=CFCC|cns=1-503B|big5=AB77|ksx=1001-7960}} {{検字|倉頡=IHMR|四角=5320.0}} {{字典|dj=0406.190|hdz=21404.020|大字源=1174|大漢語林=1389|康煕=0187.190|新大字典=1927|新潮漢字=1412|諸橋=3563}} fpcjwoqfbshnxzlg7ojhq64bzhxezjm 0 37220 2280184 2279156 2026-06-07T07:13:51Z M-30722 1202 2280184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|鹵|9}} {{kanji variants|咸=[[簡体字]]|𪉳=[[古字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[鹵]]」+音符「[[咸]] {{phoneme|*KƏM}}」。「[[しおからい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[鹹]] {{phoneme|*ɡrəəm}}｝を表す字。 ===意義=== # [[しおからい]]。[[しょっぱい]]。[[塩気]]が多い。 #* [[鹹水]]、[[鹹湖]]、[[鹹土]]、[[鹹味]] #* 対義字：'''[[淡]]''' =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ゲン<ゲム|漢音=カン<カム|訓=から-い,しおから-い,しょっぱ-い,しおけ,せいしゅ}} ===={{prov}}==== *[[鹹解]] <!-- カンカイ --> *[[鹹苦]] <!-- カンク --> *[[鹹湖]] <!-- カンコ --> *[[鹹鹺]] <!-- カンサ --> *[[鹹菜]] <!-- カンサイ --> *[[鹹草]] <!-- カンソウ --> *[[鹹壌]] <!-- カンジョウ --> *[[鹹水]] <!-- カンスイ --> *[[鹹腥]] <!-- カンセイ --> *[[鹹潟]] <!-- カンセキ --> *[[鹹泉]] <!-- カンセン --> *[[鹹沢]] <!-- カンタク --> *[[鹹淡]] <!-- カンタン --> *[[鹹地]] <!-- カンチ --> *[[鹹杖]] <!-- カンジョウ --> *[[鹹土]] <!-- カンド --> *[[鹹肉]] <!-- カンニク --> *[[鹹蓬]] <!-- カンボウ --> *[[鹹味]] <!-- カンミ --> *[[鹹鹵]] <!-- カンロ --> *[[鹹杬子]] <!-- カンゲンシ --> =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|xian2|形容詞}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xián]] (xian2) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': hsien² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': haam4 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': kiâm, hâm ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': hàm ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': yie1, ghae1 ==={{adjective}}=== #{{おくりがな3|塩|しお||辛|から|い|しおからい}}、[[しょっぱい]]。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|함|eumhun=짤 함}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|hàm}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-83-36|mj={{mjmoji|029773}}|gb=FB79|cns=1-7A5B|big5=C4D0|ksx=1001-7969}} {{検字|倉頡=YWIHR|四角=2365.0}} {{字典|dj=2035.220|hdz=74610.190|大字源=12086|大漢語林=13724|康煕=1507.200|新大字典=20647|新潮漢字=15139|諸橋=47553}} 5c7472paoanzb68resb7fqczn673wp0 0 38060 2280193 2279229 2026-06-07T07:26:22Z M-30722 1202 2280193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ハイ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|火|8}} {{筆順}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=バイ|漢音=ハイ|唐音=ホイ|慣用音=ホウ<ハウ|訓=あぶ-る}} ===={{prov}}==== *[[焙煎]] *[[焙じる]] *[[焙茶]] *[[焙烙]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|bei4|常=2}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[bèi]] (bei4), [[fèn]] (fen4) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': pei⁴, fen⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': bui6 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|배|eumhun=불에 쬘 배}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|vùi}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-63-68|mj={{mjmoji|016426}}|gb=B1BA|cns=1-604E|big5=B548|ksx=1001-5B4C}} {{検字|倉頡=FYTR|四角=9086.1}} {{字典|dj=1081.140|hdz=32210.130|大字源=5480|大漢語林=6516|康煕=0673.120|新大字典=9244|新潮漢字=6660|諸橋=19099}} 28i4868qq5oeee5vdyp8vdh910oi8oz 0 39415 2280167 2064334 2026-06-07T06:50:27Z M-30722 1202 2280167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さん}} ==漢字== {{kanji|虫|18|IVS=02|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji|虫|18}} {{kanji|虫|18|IVS=01}} {{kanji variants|蚕=[[新字体]]/[[簡体字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[虫]]」×2+音符「[[朁]] {{phoneme|*TSƏM}}」。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ゾン<ゾム|漢音=サン<サム|訓=かいこ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|can2|名詞|昆虫}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[cán]] (can2), [[qú]] (qu2) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': ts'an², ch'ü² *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄘㄢˊ, ㄑㄨˊ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': chaam4 **'''[[閩南語]]''' ***'''[[POJ]]''': chhâm, chhêng, chhân, thâm **'''[[閩東語]]''' ***'''[[平話字]]''': càng **'''[[閩北語]]''' ***'''[[KCR]]''': châng **'''[[客家語]]''' ***'''[[白話字]]''': chhàm **'''[[呉語]]''' ***'''[[ピンイン]]''': zoe1 **'''[[贛語]]''': con2 **'''[[晋語]]''': can1 **'''[[湘語]]''': zan2 **'''[[中古音]]''': dzom **'''[[上古音]]''': ***'''白一平-サガール''': *C.[dz]ˤ[ə]m ***'''鄭張''': *zluːm ==={{noun}}=== cán *量詞: [[條]] #{{ふりがな|蚕|かいこ}}。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|잠|eumhun=[[누에]] 잠}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|tằm|tàm|pos=noun|cat2=昆虫}} ==={{noun}}=== #{{ふりがな|蚕|かいこ}}。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-74-36|mj={{mjmoji|023833|023834|023835}}|gb=D051|cns=1-7C66|big5=C5FA|ksx=1001-6D59}} {{検字|倉頡=MUALI|四角=1113.6, 7113.6,1113.6}} {{字典|dj=1566.340|hdz=42908.110|大字源=8962|大漢語林=9996|康煕=1103.330|新大字典=15054|新潮漢字=11170/11171|諸橋=33890}} jh26gb06nskjt2vvda8tq59ntpaxuci 0 39880 2280192 2279167 2026-06-07T07:25:18Z M-30722 1202 2280192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|リャク}} ==漢字== {{kanji|手3|15}} {{kanji variants|㧰=[[簡体字]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[手]]」+音符「[[樂]] {{phoneme|*RAWK}}」。 ===意義=== #[[うつ]]、強く打ち付ける、[[せめる]]。 #石つぶて（[[礫]]）のように硬い。 #はらう、はたく。 #（日本）[[くすぐる]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=リャク,ラク|漢音=リャク,ラク|訓=くすぐ-る,う-つ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|li2}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[lì]](li2), [[luò]] (luo4), [[yuè]] (yue4) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': li⁴, lo⁴, yüeh⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': lik6, loek6 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|력|략|락}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-58-22|mj={{mjmoji|012883}}|gb=945E|cns=2-615F|big5=EFD3|ksx=1027-1-3743}} {{検字|倉頡=QSWU,QVID|四角=5801.6, 5209.4,5209.4}} {{字典|dj=0810.330|hdz=31981.080|大字源=3626|大漢語林=4254|康煕=0461.270|新大字典=5988|新潮漢字=4361|諸橋=12919}} jk0nn1o4h3w590825ls0n1e8mozprvh 0 39972 2280143 2051243 2026-06-07T06:10:19Z M-30722 1202 2280143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|食|7|ids=⿰𩙿余|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji|食8|7|lang=zh-tw|ids=⿰飠余||t=[[拡張新字体]]}} {{kanji variants|余=[[新字体]]/[[簡体字]]/[[代用字]]|馀}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[食]]」+音符「[[余]] {{phoneme|*LA}}」。「食べ残し」「[[あまり]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[餘]] {{phoneme|*la}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} ===意義=== #食べ残し。[[餕餘]]。 #[[あまり]]、[[のこり]]、[[以外]]のもの。 #その数より少し多いこと。 - 数一万'''餘'''。十日'''餘'''。 #[[ありあまる]]。あます。あまりあらしむ。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ヨ|漢音=ヨ|訓=あま-る,あま-す}} ==={{prov}}=== *[[餕餘]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|yu2}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[yú]] (yu2) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': yü² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': yu4 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|여|eumhun=[[남다|남을]], [[나머지]] 여}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|dư}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-81-17|mj={{mjmoji|028432|028433}}|gb=F04E|cns=1-6F75|big5=BE6C|ksx=1001-662E}} {{検字|倉頡=OIOMD|四角=8879.4}} {{字典|dj=1945.240|hdz=74456.090|大字源=11400|大漢語林=281|康煕=1420.250|新大字典=19260|新潮漢字=305|諸橋=44185}} 9qb64fsmxkrc8zsexl2y8jqs6ykavhr 0 40158 2280087 2128265 2026-06-07T04:33:40Z Y-ange'777 121643 字源について、一部を差し戻し。 2280087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=聿:5+8}} {{kanji variants|肃=[[簡体字]]|粛=[[新字体]]|䏋|𢙻|𦘜|𦘝|𦘡=[[古字]]|𦘛|𬎾|𬣉=[[同字]]|𮌄|𮌆=[[俗字]]|𮌂=[[略字]]}} ===字源=== *不明。字形は「[[聿]]」と「[[𣶒]]」から構成される。「[[つつしむ]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[肅]] {{phoneme|*siuk}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">黄徳寛主編 『古文字譜系疏証』 商務印書館、2007年、671頁。</ref> **一説に「肀」の部分は刺繍道具を手に持ったさまを象る[[象形文字]]で、「[[ぬいとり]]」を意味する漢語｛[[繡]] {{phoneme|*siu(k)-s}}｝を表す字であり、「肅」はこれを[[音符]]とした[[形声文字]]である可能性があるが、憶測の域を出ない説である。{{字源}}<references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[つつしむ]]、[[うやうやしい|うやうやし]]くする、[[うやまう]]。 #[[おごそか]]な。 #厳しく扱う。 =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}|しゆく しゅく]]{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|シュク}} {{ja-kanji|呉音=スク|漢音=シュク|訓=つつし-む}} ==={{prov}}=== =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|su4]] [[Category:{{yue}}|suk1]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': '''[[sù]] (su4)''', [[tì]] (ti4) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': '''su⁴''', t'i⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': suk1 ==={{prov}}=== *[[嚴肅]] *[[肅立]] *[[肅穆]] *[[肅靜]] *[[肅清]] =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|숙]] {{kor-hanja|hangeul=[[숙]]|eumhun=[[엄숙]][[하다|할]] 숙|rv=suk|mr=suk|y=swuk}} ==={{prov}}=== =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|túc}} ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{文字コード|jis=1-70-73|mj={{mjmoji|020905|058373}}|gb=C343|cns=1-6148|big5=B5C2|ksx=1001-625C}} {{検字|倉頡=LX|四角=5022.7}} {{字典|dj=1423.120|hdz=53169.040|大字源=7820|大漢語林=9145|康煕=0971.110|新大字典=13001/13005|新潮漢字=9489|諸橋=29225}} lakiy21679z2fgya8dsg0h3qg3ptuf4 2280090 2280087 2026-06-07T05:33:13Z M-30722 1202 2280090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|シュク}} ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|8}} {{kanji variants|肃=[[簡体字]]|粛=[[新字体]]|䏋|𢙻|𦘜|𦘝|𦘡=[[古字]]|𦘛|𬎾|𬣉=[[同字]]|𮌄|𮌆=[[俗字]]|𮌂=[[略字]]}} ===字源=== *不明。字形は「[[聿]]」と「[[𣶒]]」から構成される。「[[つつしむ]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[肅]] {{phoneme|*siuk}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">黄徳寛主編 『古文字譜系疏証』 商務印書館、2007年、671頁。</ref> **一説に「肀」の部分は刺繍道具を手に持ったさまを象る[[象形文字]]で、「[[ぬいとり]]」を意味する漢語｛[[繡]] {{phoneme|*siu(k)-s}}｝を表す字であり、「肅」はこれを[[音符]]とした[[形声文字]]である可能性があるが、憶測の域を出ない説である。{{字源}}<references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[つつしむ]]、[[うやうやしい|うやうやし]]くする、[[うやまう]]。 #[[おごそか]]な。 #厳しく扱う。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=スク|漢音=シュク|訓=つつし-む}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|su4}} [[Category:{{yue}}|suk1]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': '''[[sù]] (su4)''', [[tì]] (ti4) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': '''su⁴''', t'i⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': suk1 ==={{prov}}=== *[[嚴肅]] *[[肅立]] *[[肅穆]] *[[肅靜]] *[[肅清]] =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|숙|eumhun=[[엄숙]][[하다|할]] 숙}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|túc}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-70-73|mj={{mjmoji|020905|058373}}|gb=C343|cns=1-6148|big5=B5C2|ksx=1001-625C}} {{検字|倉頡=LX|四角=5022.7}} {{字典|dj=1423.120|hdz=53169.040|大字源=7820|大漢語林=9145|康煕=0971.110|新大字典=13001/13005|新潮漢字=9489|諸橋=29225}} dyw3z1k2qeqy1ljtxj9mcfr2khtmfpl 0 41542 2279840 2068208 2026-06-06T13:24:42Z M-30722 1202 2279840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいじょう|だいしょう|だいじょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[大勝]]、[[大捷]]】[[大差]]を付けて[[かつ|勝つ]]こと。 *【[[大匠]]】[[技量]]の[[すぐれる|優れ]]た[[職人]]。 *【[[大将]]】①[[軍隊]]で[[将官]]の[[くらい|位]]。②ある[[集団]]の[[かしら]]。③[[武道]]の[[団体戦]]における[[しんがり|殿]]。 *【[[大檣]]】[[メーンマスト]]。 *【[[大正]]】[[日本]]の[[元号]]の一つ。 *【[[大笑]]】[[おおわらい|大笑い]]。 *【[[大詔]]】[[天皇]]が[[国民]]に[[つげる|告げる]][[詔勅]]。 *【[[大賞]]】[[もっとも|最も]][[優秀]]な[[成績]]を上げた者に[[あたえる|与え]]られる[[賞]]。 *【[[太衝]]】[[陰暦]][[九月]]。 *【[[対照]]】①[[対応]]するものを[[てらしあわせる|照らし合わせ]][[くらべる|比べる]]こと。②[[性質]]の[[ちがい|違い]]が[[きわだつ|際立って]]いること。 *【[[対症]]】[[症状]]に[[対処]]すること。 *【[[対称]]】①[[ふたつ|二つ]]の[[図形]]が[[むきあう|向き合う]][[位置]]にあること。②[[二人称]]。 *【[[対象]]】[[行為]]や[[精神活動]]といった[[行動]]において、その行動を向ける人又は[[事物]]。 *【[[対償]]】[[対価]]。 *【[[待詔]]】[[天子]]の[[命令]]を[[まつ|待つ]]こと。 *【[[胎生]]】[[母体]]の[[胎内]]から[[出生]]する[[生物]]。 *【[[隊商]]】[[砂漠]]などを[[隊]]を[[くむ|組ん]]で[[往来]]する[[商人]]の[[一隊]]。 qzyx6e1rswj0sj7g1btxtzgseyyy3fy 0 41543 2279839 2079125 2026-06-06T13:24:29Z M-30722 1202 2279839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいしょう|だいしょう|だいじょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[体状]]】[[かたち|形]]。[[すがた|姿]]。[[ありさま|有り様]]。 *【[[太上]]】①[[このうえない|この上ない]]もの。②[[天子]]の[[尊称]]。 *【[[太常]]】[[中国]]の[[官名]]の一つ。 *【[[帯仗]]】[[武器]]を[[身に付ける]]こと。 *【[[帯状]]】[[おび|帯]]のように[[ほそながい|細長い]][[形状]]。 *【[[怠状]]】①[[過怠]]を[[謝罪]]する[[書状]]。②[[謝罪]]。[[屈服]]。 *【[[退城]]】①[[しろ|城]]から[[退出]]すること。②城を[[敵]]に明け渡すこと。 *【[[退場]]】[[舞台]]や[[競技場]]から[[たちさる|立ち去る]]こと。 *【[[退譲]]】[[へりくだる]]こと。 aw2prl24jjbgk5fzkimybr38uqbv7n8 0 41544 2279841 2216159 2026-06-06T13:24:54Z M-30722 1202 2279841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいしょう|たいじょう|だいじょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[代償]]】①[[他人]]に[[あたえる|与え]]た[[損害]]の[[つぐない|償い]]としてそれに[[相応]]する[[金品]]・[[労力]]などを[[提供]]すること。②[[目的]]を[[達成]]するために[[犠牲]]にしたもの。③[[欲求]]が[[みたす|満た]]されない時、[[かわり|代わり]]のもので[[満足]]しようとすること。 *【[[代将]]】①[[海軍]]の[[職制]]上の[[地位]]。②かつて海軍におかれていた[[佐官]]の最高位。 *【[[大升]]】[[律令制]]における[[容積]]の[[単位]]。約0.71[[リットル]]。[[小升]]の三[[倍]]。 *【[[大小]]】①[[おおきい|大きい]]ことと[[ちいさい|小さい]]こと。②{{ふりがな|大鼓|おおかわ}}と{{ふりがな|小鼓|こつづみ}}。③[[大刀]]と[[小刀]]。 *【[[大祥]]】「[[大祥忌]]」の略。 *【[[大聖]]】[[ほとけ|仏]]の[[尊称]]。 *【[[大証]]】{{w|大阪証券取引所}}の略。 lbcmjvt8yde7sqwlsug89tu8so78hjk 0 41545 2279842 1919380 2026-06-06T13:25:05Z M-30722 1202 2279842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいしょう|たいじょう|だいしょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[台上]]】[[台]]の[[うえ|上]]。[[演壇]]の上。 *【[[台状]]】[[こだかい|小高く]]て[[上部]]が[[たいら|平ら]]になっている[[かたち|形]]。 *【[[大乗]]】[[大乗仏教]]。 *【[[大判官]]】[[律令制]]で、{{ふりがな|判官|じょう}}のうち[[上位]]の者。 *【[[大嘗]]】[[大嘗祭]]。 3xlrfpxw2z478901nxufe127rdznx81 0 46470 2279936 1153617 2026-06-06T18:13:55Z M-30722 1202 2279936 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|fi}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|fi|tavara|talo}} ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-p|tavara-talo}} *{{kanahyoki|fi|タヴァラタロ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|fi|noun}} #{{タグ|fi|店舗}}[[デパート]]。 {{fi-decl-valo|tavaratal|||o|a}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|fi|alennustavaratalo}} * {{l|fi|finanssitavaratalo}} * {{l|fi|itsepalvelutavaratalo}} * {{l|fi|kauppiastavaratalo}} * {{l|fi|kodintavaratalo}} q6tzlog5ebt2f4hctu7try1vnewr43r 0 47903 2280260 1121617 2026-06-07T10:36:56Z M-30722 1202 2280260 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|en|inference|-ial}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|ˌɪn.fə.ˈrɛnt.ʃəl}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{en-adj}} #[[推論]]の。 #: {{syn|en|illative}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|inferential statistics}} * {{l|en|inferentially}} * {{l|en|inferentialist}} * {{l|en|inferentialism}} * {{l|en|inferentiality}} * {{l|en|noninferential}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|infer}} 2dyatz76ykivhajf67wvwglen0t5c6y 0 52249 2279854 1470742 2026-06-06T13:50:00Z Jiba1219 100610 2279854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|びしょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|びしょう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[びしょう]]|[[みしょう]]}} #[[ほほえむ]]こと。[[ほほえみ]]。 ===={{idiom}}==== *[[拈華微笑]] ==={{verb}}=== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}:[[smile]] *{{sv}}:[[leende]] ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|wei1xiao4|noun|verb|hsk=乙|hsk2=5}} {{yue-cat|mei4siu3|noun|verb}} {{nan-cat|bi5chhio3|noun|verb}} {{nan-tws-cat|mui5cio3|noun|verb}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|wēixiào|wéixiào}} {{yue-pron|mei4 siu3|a=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-微笑.wav}} {{nan-pron|ml:bî-chhiò|t=mui5 cio3}} {{hak-pron|gd=mi2 xiau4}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[ほほえみ]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[ほほえむ]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|미소}} #[[ほほえみ]]。 bcz07mfncqwf8ug4bsh8xyca742slc1 0 52640 2280189 2278509 2026-06-07T07:21:56Z M-30722 1202 2280189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅわ}} 手話に関する各項目については[[:カテゴリ:手話]]を参照 {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|わ|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しゅわ|acc=1}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a=しゅ|わ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{wikipedia|手話}} {{ja-noun|しゅわ}} #[[言語能力]]はあるのに何らかの理由で[[音声言語]]を使えない人が、手を使った動作を含む[[視覚]]情報によって意思疎通すること。またその方法。 ## 主に[[聾者]]によって使われる、[[手指]]の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって意味を表す自然言語。 ## 音声言語を手指の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって表すこと。またその方法。 ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|ga}}: [[teanga chomharthaíochta]] *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|لغة إشارة}} *{{T|it}}: [[lingua dei segni]] *{{T|yi}}: {{t|yi|שטום לשון}} *{{T|id}}: [[bahasa isyarat]] *{{T|uk}}: [[мова жестів]] *{{T|en}}: [[sign language]] *{{T|et}}: [[viipekeel]] *{{T|eo}}: [[signolingvo]] *{{T|os}}: [[жестты æвзаг]] *{{T|nl}}: [[gebarentaal]] *{{T|ca}}: [[llengua de signes]] *{{T|gl}}: [[lingua de signos]] *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|teckenspråk|n}} *{{T|es}: [[lengua de señas]] *{{T|sk}}: [[posunková reč]] *{{T|sh}}: {{t|sh|znakovni jezici}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|ภาษามือ}} *{{T|tg}}: {{t|tg|забони ишоратӣ}} *{{T|cs}}: [[znakový jazyk]] *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|手语}} *{{T|da}}: {{t|da|tegnesprog|n}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Gebärdensprache|f}} *{{T|tr}}: [[işaret dili]] *{{T|no}}: [[tegnspråk]] *:{{T|nn}}: [[teiknspråk]] *{{T|eu}}: [[keinu hizkuntza]] *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|jelnyelv}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|viittomakieli}} *{{T|fo}}: [[teknmál]] *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|langue des signes|f}} *{{T|he}}: [[שפת סימנים]] *{{T|vi}}: [[ngôn ngữ ký hiệu]] *{{T|pl}}: [[język migowy]] *{{T|pt}}: [[língua de sinais]] *{{T|ms}}: [[bahasa isyarat]] *{{T|lv}}: [[žestu valoda]] *{{T|lt}}: [[ženklų kalba]] *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|жестовые языки}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|수화}} #（日本語に同じ）手話 [[カテゴリ:手話|*]] l3qsttj6n1es8mkh9laevc0o6iew1vh 2280190 2280189 2026-06-07T07:22:10Z M-30722 1202 /* {{pron}} */ 2280190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅわ}} 手話に関する各項目については[[:カテゴリ:手話]]を参照 {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|わ|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しゅわ|acc=1}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|しゅ|わ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{wikipedia|手話}} {{ja-noun|しゅわ}} #[[言語能力]]はあるのに何らかの理由で[[音声言語]]を使えない人が、手を使った動作を含む[[視覚]]情報によって意思疎通すること。またその方法。 ## 主に[[聾者]]によって使われる、[[手指]]の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって意味を表す自然言語。 ## 音声言語を手指の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって表すこと。またその方法。 ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|ga}}: [[teanga chomharthaíochta]] *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|لغة إشارة}} *{{T|it}}: [[lingua dei segni]] *{{T|yi}}: {{t|yi|שטום לשון}} *{{T|id}}: [[bahasa isyarat]] *{{T|uk}}: [[мова жестів]] *{{T|en}}: [[sign language]] *{{T|et}}: [[viipekeel]] *{{T|eo}}: [[signolingvo]] *{{T|os}}: [[жестты æвзаг]] *{{T|nl}}: [[gebarentaal]] *{{T|ca}}: [[llengua de signes]] *{{T|gl}}: [[lingua de signos]] *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|teckenspråk|n}} *{{T|es}: [[lengua de señas]] *{{T|sk}}: [[posunková reč]] *{{T|sh}}: {{t|sh|znakovni jezici}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|ภาษามือ}} *{{T|tg}}: {{t|tg|забони ишоратӣ}} *{{T|cs}}: [[znakový jazyk]] *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|手语}} *{{T|da}}: {{t|da|tegnesprog|n}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Gebärdensprache|f}} *{{T|tr}}: [[işaret dili]] *{{T|no}}: [[tegnspråk]] *:{{T|nn}}: [[teiknspråk]] *{{T|eu}}: [[keinu hizkuntza]] *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|jelnyelv}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|viittomakieli}} *{{T|fo}}: [[teknmál]] *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|langue des signes|f}} *{{T|he}}: [[שפת סימנים]] *{{T|vi}}: [[ngôn ngữ ký hiệu]] *{{T|pl}}: [[język migowy]] *{{T|pt}}: [[língua de sinais]] *{{T|ms}}: [[bahasa isyarat]] *{{T|lv}}: [[žestu valoda]] *{{T|lt}}: [[ženklų kalba]] *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|жестовые языки}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|수화}} #（日本語に同じ）手話 [[カテゴリ:手話|*]] 9pq4ao7m7fy5kpwk8jyiwle623rypba 2280191 2280190 2026-06-07T07:22:20Z M-30722 1202 /* {{trans}} */ 2280191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅわ}} 手話に関する各項目については[[:カテゴリ:手話]]を参照 {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|わ|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しゅわ|acc=1}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|しゅ|わ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{wikipedia|手話}} {{ja-noun|しゅわ}} #[[言語能力]]はあるのに何らかの理由で[[音声言語]]を使えない人が、手を使った動作を含む[[視覚]]情報によって意思疎通すること。またその方法。 ## 主に[[聾者]]によって使われる、[[手指]]の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって意味を表す自然言語。 ## 音声言語を手指の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって表すこと。またその方法。 ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|ga}}: [[teanga chomharthaíochta]] *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|لغة إشارة}} *{{T|it}}: [[lingua dei segni]] *{{T|yi}}: {{t|yi|שטום לשון}} *{{T|id}}: [[bahasa isyarat]] *{{T|uk}}: [[мова жестів]] *{{T|en}}: [[sign language]] *{{T|et}}: [[viipekeel]] *{{T|eo}}: [[signolingvo]] *{{T|os}}: [[жестты æвзаг]] *{{T|nl}}: [[gebarentaal]] *{{T|ca}}: [[llengua de signes]] *{{T|gl}}: [[lingua de signos]] *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|teckenspråk|n}} *{{T|es}}: [[lengua de señas]] *{{T|sk}}: [[posunková reč]] *{{T|sh}}: {{t|sh|znakovni jezici}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|ภาษามือ}} *{{T|tg}}: {{t|tg|забони ишоратӣ}} *{{T|cs}}: [[znakový jazyk]] *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|手语}} *{{T|da}}: {{t|da|tegnesprog|n}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Gebärdensprache|f}} *{{T|tr}}: [[işaret dili]] *{{T|no}}: [[tegnspråk]] *:{{T|nn}}: [[teiknspråk]] *{{T|eu}}: [[keinu hizkuntza]] *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|jelnyelv}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|viittomakieli}} *{{T|fo}}: [[teknmál]] *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|langue des signes|f}} *{{T|he}}: [[שפת סימנים]] *{{T|vi}}: [[ngôn ngữ ký hiệu]] *{{T|pl}}: [[język migowy]] *{{T|pt}}: [[língua de sinais]] *{{T|ms}}: [[bahasa isyarat]] *{{T|lv}}: [[žestu valoda]] *{{T|lt}}: [[ženklų kalba]] *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|жестовые языки}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|수화}} #（日本語に同じ）手話 [[カテゴリ:手話|*]] 06j3u8do976raue3xrwydk4y0e60elj 0 52660 2279876 1083238 2026-06-06T14:17:16Z M-30722 1202 2279876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|en|noun}} #{{タグ|en|頭字語}}[[ASEAN]] [[regional|Regional]] [[forum|Forum]] （[[w:東南アジア諸国連合地域フォーラム|東南アジア諸国連合地域フォーラム]]）の[[頭字語]]。 1e1veq7i715qu7x68svoblxb16sblze 0 54998 2280285 1735608 2026-06-07T11:20:10Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:かんそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[かんそう]]}} #ある[[一定]]の[[距離]]や[[時間]]を[[最後]]まで[[はしる|走り]]きること。 #{{context|figuratively|lang=ja}} 長く時間のかかることを最後までやりきること。 ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: staying the course ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|완주}} #（日本語に同じ）完走。 h3z3y4a6pjzz6msxfncz3trro81dxtj 0 55787 2279878 1083698 2026-06-06T14:19:27Z M-30722 1202 2279878 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|fi}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|fi|de|Berlin}} ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-pronunciation}} ==={{name}}=== {{head|fi|name}} #{{タグ|fi|首都}}[[ベルリン]]。 {{fi-decl-paperi|n=sg|Berliin|ä}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|fi|berliiniläinen}} * {{l|fi|berliininlehmus}} * {{l|fi|berliininmakkara}} * {{l|fi|berliininmunkki}} * {{l|fi|berliininpoppeli}} * {{l|fi|Itä-Berliini}} b1ldlpwdc3uws2mywutyihusvceu1ec 0 56022 2280109 2000102 2026-06-07T05:50:51Z M-30722 1202 2280109 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|冖|4}} {{kanji variants|農=[[繁体字]]}} *筆順 :[[image:{{PAGENAME}}-bw.png|350px]] ===意義=== #作物を栽培するために、土地を耕す。 #土地に働きかけ、動植物を[[肥育]]すること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nong2|常=1|簡=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[n&oacute;ng]] ([[nong2]]), [[bian]] ([[bian5]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': nung², pien⁵ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': nung4 ==={{prov}}=== {{top5}} * [[农产]] * [[农产品]] * [[农场]] * [[农村]] * [[农贷]] * [[农夫]] * [[农妇]] * [[农耕]] * [[农工]] * [[农户]] * [[农活儿]] * [[农机]] * [[农家]] * [[农具]] * [[农垦]] * [[农历]] * [[农林]] * [[农林牧副渔]] * [[农忙]] * [[农贸市场]] * [[农民]] * [[农民起义]] * [[农奴]] * [[农奴主]] * [[农女]] * [[农情]] * [[农桑]] * [[农舍]] * [[农时]] * [[农事]] * [[农田]] * [[农田水利]] * [[农闲]] * [[农械]] * [[农学]] * [[农谚]] * [[农药]] * [[农业]] * [[农业工人]] * [[农业国]] * [[农业合作化]] * [[农业税]] * [[农业资本家]] * [[农艺]] * [[农用]] * [[农作]] * [[农作物]] {{bottom}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} *[[倉頡入力法]] : 竹月女 (HBV) qu721lck60s4p2nr6wzqwcezm4z1cp0 0 61479 2280324 1471758 2026-06-07T11:46:38Z 歯科医療20260509 131815 /* {{ant}} */ 2280324 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}|きようほう きょうほう]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}|きようほう きょうほう]] '''[[凶]] [[報]]'''（[[きょうほう]]） #[[不吉]]な[[しらせ|知らせ]]。 #[[死去]]の知らせ。 ==={{syn}}=== *[[悲哀]] ===={{ant}}==== *[[吉報]] =={{ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|흉보]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|흉보]] *ハングル表記:{{lang|ko|[[흉보]]}} #（日本語に同じ）凶報 q0hjf2kgf44aicla0ns71mo7yy6p704 0 63904 2280207 2234126 2026-06-07T08:56:59Z M-30722 1202 [[en:şarap]]より 2280207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:sarap}} =={{L|gag}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ar|gag}} {{m|ar|شَرَاب}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|gag|noun|キリル文字表記|шарап}} #{{タグ|gag|酒}}[[ワイン]]。 =={{L|crh}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ar|crh}} {{m|ar|شَرَاب}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hyph|crh|şa|rap}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|crh|noun|キリル文字表記|шарап}} #{{タグ|crh|酒}}[[ワイン]]。 {{crh-decl|a}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|crh|şarapçılıq}} =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ota|tr}} {{m|ota|شراب|tr=şarab}} < {{etyl|ar|tr}} {{m|ar|شَرَاب}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=tr|ʃaˈɾap}} * {{rhymes|lang=tr|ap|s=2}} * {{hyph|tr|şa|rap}} * {{音声|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-şarap.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|2=lar|def-acc=şarabı}} #{{タグ|tr|酒}}[[ワイン]]。 {{tr-infl-noun-c|a|stem=şarab|poss=1}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col3|lang=tr|beyaz şarap|kırmızı şarap|şarapçı|şarapçılık|şarap kadehi|şarap şişesi}} jxclqlidset9xe66418xgq88b5bkxun 0 64788 2279870 1472321 2026-06-06T14:11:38Z M-30722 1202 2279870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しんきょう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しん|きょう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しんきょう|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||しんきょー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しんきょう]]}} #その時の[[こころ|心]]の[[状態]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|xin1jing4|名詞}} {{yue-cat|sam1ging2|名詞}} {{nan-cat|sim1keng2|名詞}} {{wuu-cat|shin1cin3|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|xīnjìng}} {{yue-pron|sam1 ging2}} {{nan-pron|sim-kéng}} {{wuu-pron|sh,hz:1shin cin5;sz,sj:1sin cin5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）心境。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|심경}} #（日本語に同じ）心境。 l5bziewomo6ocspcl9cfv74fyjun0vq 0 66819 2280011 2213942 2026-06-07T01:03:50Z ~2026-33587-47 131866 2280011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいけん}}{{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けい|けん|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|けいけん|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h|けーけ|ん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[けいけん]]}} #[[伝聞]]などではなく、[[実際]]にある[[事実]]に[[直接]][[遭遇]]すること。直接[[見聞]]したり[[行動]]したりすること。 #*実際に'''経験'''するのとしないのとでは大きな差がある。 #[[過去]]にしていること。[[経歴]]があること。[[実績]]。 #*その会社とは以前にも取引した'''経験'''がある。 #*タイトル'''経験'''こそないものの一般棋戦では優勝している。 #1.2.によって[[える|得]]られた[[知見]]及びその[[累積]]。 #*'''経験'''豊富。'''経験'''を積む。 #（婉曲）性体験。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[体験]] ==== {{trans}} ==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|experience}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|zkušenost|f}} *{{T|zh}}:（簡）[[经验]]／（繁）: [[經驗]]（jīngyàn） *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|경험}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|expérience|f}} *{{T|vi}}: {{t|vi|kinh nghiệm}} ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{verb}}]] ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|experience}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|zakusit}}, {{t|cs|prožít}} *{{T|zh}}:（簡）[[经验]]/ (繁): [[經驗]] (jīngyàn) *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|išgyventi}}, {{t|lt|patirti}} [[Category:和製漢語]] 6ke2kq7o0ej4lxhtt52uekytafoszya 0 67895 2279939 1229722 2026-06-06T18:21:59Z M-30722 1202 [[en:asua]]より 2279939 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|tpi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tpi|noun}} #[[非難]]。 #{{おくりがな2|誤|あやま|り|あやまり}}。 #{{タグ|tpi|病気}}[[道徳的]]な間違いによりかかると信じられている[[病気]]。 =={{L|fi}}== ==={{etym}}1=== * {{etyl|fiu-fin-pro|fi}} {{m|fiu-fin-pro|*asudak}} < {{etyl|urj-pro|fi}} {{m|urj-pro|*ëśew-}} * {{affix|fi|asea|-ua}}. ===={{pron}}==== {{fi-pronunciation|*}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|fi|verb}} #{{おくりがな2|住|す|む|すむ}}。（普通目的語は内格形でいいが、一部の地名は接格形「-lla/-llä」をとる。） #*{{ux|fi|[[asun|Asun]] [[Tokio|Tokiossa]].|東京に住んでいます。}} #*{{ux|fi|[[asun|Asun]] [[nyt]] [[Venäjällä]].|今は[[ロシア]]に住んでいます。}} {{fi-conj-sanoa|as|||u|a}} ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=fi|asuilla|asuin-|asuja|asujain|asukas|asukki|asuma|asumaton|asuminen|asumus|Asunta|asunto|asustaa|asuttaa|asuma-alue|asumakylä}} ====={{rel}}===== * {{l|fi|asema}} * {{l|fi|asento}} * {{l|fi|asettaa}} * {{l|fi|asuilla}} (方言) ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{pron}}==== {{fi-p}} ===={{noun}}==== {{head|fi|noun form}} #{{l|fi|asu}}の単数分格。 lssw0ovcyuuqdcfjzjxq8que6pm5m08 0 69174 2279938 1135712 2026-06-06T18:17:02Z M-30722 1202 [[en:omakotitalo]]より 2279938 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|fi}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|fi|oma|koti|talo}} ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-p|oma-koti-talo}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|fi|noun}} #{{タグ|fi|建物}}[[一軒家]]。[[一戸建て]]の{{ふりがな|家|いえ}}。 #*{{ux|fi|[[asua|asutkohan]] [[omakotitalo|omakotitalossa]]?|一軒家に住んでるんだよね？}} #: {{hyper|fi|pientalo}} #: {{cot|fi|erillistalo|ketjutalo|paritalo|rivitalo|kaupunkipientalo}} {{fi-decl-valo|omakotital|||o|a}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col3|lang=fi|omakotialue|omakotiasuja|omakotiasutus|omakotirakentaja|omakotirakentaminen|omakotitaloalue|omakotitaloasuja|omakotitaloasutus|omakotitalorakentaja|omakotitalorakentaminen|omakotitontti|omakotiyhdistys}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|fi|asuinkerrostalo}}, {{l|fi|kerrostalo}} * {{l|fi|erillistalo}} * {{l|fi|paritalo}} * {{l|fi|rivitalo}} g0pkzuy9ledk3z3nfxgjyrpoc3fngcb 0 69944 2279919 1898320 2026-06-06T14:45:58Z M-30722 1202 2279919 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑˈgɑnt͡ʃʰ}} *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑˈkɑnt͡ʃʰ}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-ականջ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|anatomy|lang=hy}}{{ふりがな|耳|みみ}}。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|ականջօղ}} qtqaczkrj3alxhg70sapmb6qo19h0q8 0 69963 2279918 1898377 2026-06-06T14:45:34Z M-30722 1202 2279918 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|bɛˈɾɑn}} *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|pʰɛˈɾɑˑn}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-բերան.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|anatomy|lang=hy}}{{ふりがな|口|くち}}。 #* {{ux|hy|Փակի՛ բերանդ:|黙れ。}} 1srjlk01573da51uxm4bbbqzywmeg4m 0 69984 2279912 1897524 2026-06-06T14:41:58Z M-30722 1202 2279912 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑmuˈsin}} *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑmuˈsin}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-ամուսին.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|family|lang=hy}}{{ふりがな|夫|おっと}}。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hy|ամուսնանալ}} * {{l|hy|ամուսնացած}} * {{l|hy|ամուսնություն}} k41izm1b8xj2bduftgx3l25khmyc0ch 0 69986 2279911 1898390 2026-06-06T14:41:22Z M-30722 1202 2279911 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ˈtʰusdəɾ}} *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ˈdustəɾ}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-դուստր.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|family|lang=hy}}{{ふりがな|娘|むすめ}}。 6daoqg28a62i05ylz519yev5cgp4yv5 0 69992 2279917 1897528 2026-06-06T14:44:31Z M-30722 1202 2279917 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== [[ամուսնություն]]の旧正書法での綴字 ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑmusənuˈtʰøːn}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{topcat|hy|結婚}}[[結婚]]。 kg54sop91k7qn3koika440nwrq6uumx 0 70016 2279910 1898397 2026-06-06T14:40:53Z M-30722 1202 2279910 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}}: {{IPA|lang=hy|dɑˈnɑk}} *{{a|hy-W}}: {{IPA|lang=hy|tʰɑ.ˈnɑg}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-դանակ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|tool|lang=hy}}[[ナイフ]]。 btu1vxtvctbb9jiczfe79jswzfwlanv 0 70021 2279903 1898428 2026-06-06T14:35:59Z M-30722 1202 2279903 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|mɑhə.ʤɑ.ˈgɑl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|furniture|lang=hy}}[[ベッド]]。 lq9qpr3wwx7usk7e0euya7qu8rh4p5w 0 70022 2279909 1898399 2026-06-06T14:40:27Z M-30722 1202 2279909 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|bɑɾt͡sʰ}} *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|pʰɑɾt͡sʰ}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-բարձ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{ふりがな|枕|まくら}}。 #[[クッション]]。 0c7n6ke2tc0t4z5b1viuybrhnjks6wr 0 70033 2279908 1898401 2026-06-06T14:39:54Z M-30722 1202 2279908 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}}: {{IPA|lang=hy|dɑhˈlit͡ʃ}} *{{a|hy-W}}: {{IPA|lang=hy|tʰɑhˈlid͡ʒ}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-դահլիճ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|部屋}}{{ふりがな|居間|いま}}。 #{{タグ|hy|部屋}}[[客間]]、[[リビングルーム]]。 #[[ホール]]。 iugtraswwzvxnsiw2h6zcfwrn5kawqc 0 70036 2279906 1898402 2026-06-06T14:37:46Z M-30722 1202 2279906 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|bɑnɑˈli}} *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|pʰɑnɑˈli}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-բանալի.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{ふりがな|鍵|かぎ}}。 0nx3bjay9a5a8o96p2wgure34dw7oo6 0 72157 2280222 2143160 2026-06-07T09:25:43Z M-30722 1202 2280222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばふん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ばふん|[[まぐそ]]}} #[[うま|馬]]の[[糞]]。 #*[[すずめ|雀]]が'''馬糞'''に{{おくりがな2|集|たか|る|たかる}}。（[[w:岸田國士|岸田國士]]『巴里素描』） ===={{rel}}==== *{{おくりがな3|馬|うま|の|糞|くそ||うまのくそ}} *[[人糞]]、[[牛糞]]、[[鶏糞]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|horse dung}}, {{t|en|horse manure}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Pferdeäpfel}}, {{t|de|Pferdescheiße}} hvofywsm663ilfwe7t0ygbyx5e21kcz 0 72947 2279937 1137587 2026-06-06T18:15:15Z M-30722 1202 [[en:paritalo]]より 2279937 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|fi}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|fi|pari|talo}} ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-p|pari-talo}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|fi|noun}} #{{タグ|fi|建物}}[[二戸]]建て[[住宅]]。 #: {{hyper|fi|pientalo}} #: {{cot|fi|erillistalo|ketjutalo|omakotitalo|rivitalo|kaupunkipientalo}} {{fi-decl-valo|parital|||o|a}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|fi|a=aailoprt|portaali}} cp1r7mtizcllyo9fv6tbk5e5dob3lgl 0 73340 2280293 2020744 2026-06-07T11:20:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんそう}} {{also|欢送|歡送}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|そう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[かんそう]]}} #[[出発]]する人を[[祝福]]して[[みおくる|見送る]]こと。 #*{{quote-book|ja|author=壺井栄|title=二十四の瞳|year=1952年|text='''歓送'''歓迎のどよめきは年中たえまなく、そのすきまを声なき「{{ルビ|凱旋|がいせん}}兵士」の四角な、白い姿もまた潮風とともにこのアーチをくぐってもどってきた。|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001875/card57856.html}} ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[歓送会]] ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} e23ijrhayzjn1yzr4wyb27yhoomx2zq 0 73341 2280290 1980272 2026-06-07T11:20:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんそう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|そう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||かんそー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[かんそう]]}} #あることについて[[感じる|感じ]]たことや[[おもう|思った]]こと。 ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|gan3xiang3|名詞|hsk=乙|hsk2=5}} {{yue-cat|gam2seung2|名詞}} {{nan-cat|kam2siong2|名詞}} {{hak-cat|kam3siong3|名詞}} {{wuu-cat|koe3shian3|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gǎnxiǎng|a=Zh-ganxiang.ogg}} {{yue-pron|gam2 soeng2|a=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-感想.wav}} {{nan-pron|qz,tw,xm:kám-sióng/zz:kám-siáng}} {{hak-pron|kám-sióng|h=gamˊ siongˊ}} {{wuu-pron|sh:5koe shian5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）感想。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|감상}} #（日本語に同じ）感想。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|cảm|tưởng}} #（日本語に同じ）感想。 4n6q5u578smdkqqm543cdqofkr2z6vb 0 73653 2279888 2156256 2026-06-06T14:24:55Z Jiba1219 100610 2279888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せっち}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|せつ|k1=せっ|ち|yomi=kanon,o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|せっち|acc=1|acc2=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2|acc2_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}} {{ja-accent-common|h|せ|っち|region=京阪|acc_ref=NKD2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[せっち]]}} #[[もうける|設け]]て[[おく|置く]]こと。[[そなえつける|備え付ける]]こと。 #*[[おく|奥]]に[[ふた|二]][[つぼ|坪]][[ばかり|許り]]の[[あきち|空地]]が[[あり|有り]]まして、[[共同]][[水道]]が'''設置'''されてあり[[みず|水]]の[[もれる|洩れ]]て[[いしだたみ|石畳]]の[[うえ|上]]に[[おちる|落ちる]][[規則的]]な[[点滴]]の[[おと|音]]が[[つめたい|冷た]]そうに[[ひびく|響い]]て居たのが[[わたし|私]]の[[みみ|耳]]に[[のこる|残っ]]て居ります。（{{w|西尾正}}『陳情書』） #[[機関]]、[[施設]]などを[[つくる]]こと。 #*[[すべて]][[司法権]]は、[[最高裁判所]][[および|及び]][[法律]]の[[さだめる|定める]]ところにより設置する[[下級]][[裁判所]]に[[属する]]。（[[日本国憲法]]第76条） ===={{ant}}==== #[[撤去]] #[[廃止]]　但し、廃止の対語には、[[存続]]もある。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[必置]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}:（語義1） {{t|en|installation}}, {{t|en|set}}; （語義2）{{t|en|establishment}} ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|establish}}, {{t|en|form}}, {{t|en|install}}, {{t|en|seat}}, {{t|en|set}}, {{t|en|set up}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|she4zhi4|verb|noun}} {{yue-cat|chit3ji3|verb|noun|情報技術}} {{nan-cat|siat4ti3|verb|noun|情報技術}} {{nan-tws-cat|siag4di3|verb|noun|情報技術}} {{cpx-cat|seh6di4|verb|noun|情報技術}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|shèzhì|a=Zh-shèzhì.ogg}} {{yue-pron|cit3 zi3}} {{nan-pron|siat-tì|t=siag4 di3}} {{cpx-pron|pt,xy:seh6 di4}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars|s=设置}} #設置する。 ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=设置}} #{{context|Mainland China|computing|lang=zh|skey=she4zhi4}} [[設定]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|설치}} #（日本語に同じ）設置。 #{{context|computing|lang=ko|skey=설치}}[[インストール]]。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{vi-head|verb|thiết|trí}} #{{context|dated|lang=vi|skey=thiet3tri3 thiêttri}} 設置する。 0bjj6k0ccfmoma5452dr1lqtki9lsa9 0 73880 2280247 1987845 2026-06-07T10:08:43Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 /* 漢字 */ 2280247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:xiang3}} ==[[漢字]]== <span lang="zh" xml:lang="ja" style="font-size:350%">{{PAGENAME}}</span> * {{部首|口|6}} * {{総画|9}} * [[異体字]] :<span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant" style="font-size:250%">[[響]]</span>（[[繁体字]]）, <span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant" style="font-size:250%">[[𩐢]]</span>, <span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant" style="font-size:250%">[[𲊧]]</span>, <span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant" style="font-size:250%">[[𩐿]]</span> *筆順 :[[image:{{PAGENAME}}-bw.png|350px]] ===意義=== # [[ひびく]] [[Category:漢字|きよう きょう]] [[Category:簡体字]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}]] [[Category:常用字]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xiǎng]] ([[xiang3]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': hsiang³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': heung2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': hiáng, hióng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': hióng ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': shian2 ==={{pron}}=== *[[file:zh-xiǎng.ogg]] ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{verb}}]] #{{ふりがな|音|おと}}がする、{{おくりがな2|鳴|な|る|なる}}。 #{{おくりがな2|鳴|な|らす|ならす}}。 ==={{adjective}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{adjective}}]] #（音が）{{おくりがな2|大|おお|きい|おおきい}}、よく{{おくりがな2|響|ひび|く|ひびく}}。 [[Category:HSKレベル4級]] [[Category:HSKレベル甲]] ==={{prov}}=== ---- ==コード等== {{codepoint}} *[[倉頡入力法]] : 口竹月口 (RHBR) 9b4hr4twztffu2c9u55q0ovqeyotutx 2280262 2280247 2026-06-07T10:39:45Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33643-04|~2026-33643-04]] ([[User talk:~2026-33643-04|トーク]]) による版 [[Special:Diff/2280247|2280247]] を取り消し 2280262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:xiang3}} ==[[漢字]]== <span lang="zh" xml:lang="ja" style="font-size:350%">{{PAGENAME}}</span> * {{部首|口|6}} * {{総画|9}} * [[異体字]] :<span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant" style="font-size:250%">[[響]]</span>（[[繁体字]]） *筆順 :[[image:{{PAGENAME}}-bw.png|350px]] ===意義=== # [[ひびく]] [[Category:漢字|きよう きょう]] [[Category:簡体字]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}]] [[Category:常用字]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xiǎng]] ([[xiang3]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': hsiang³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': heung2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': hiáng, hióng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': hióng ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': shian2 ==={{pron}}=== *[[file:zh-xiǎng.ogg]] ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{verb}}]] #{{ふりがな|音|おと}}がする、{{おくりがな2|鳴|な|る|なる}}。 #{{おくりがな2|鳴|な|らす|ならす}}。 ==={{adjective}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{adjective}}]] #（音が）{{おくりがな2|大|おお|きい|おおきい}}、よく{{おくりがな2|響|ひび|く|ひびく}}。 [[Category:HSKレベル4級]] [[Category:HSKレベル甲]] ==={{prov}}=== ---- ==コード等== {{codepoint}} *[[倉頡入力法]] : 口竹月口 (RHBR) m3m6tmx8oetswzxa63sivqme0koqfyk 0 76852 2280010 2203097 2026-06-07T01:02:27Z ~2026-33587-47 131866 2280010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はっけん}}{{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|はつ|k1=はっ|けん|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|はっけん|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||はっけん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[はっけん]]}} #これまでに[[みる|見]]たことのなかったもの、[[さがす|探し]]ていたもの、[[世間]]に[[しる#動詞|知ら]]れていなかったものなどを[[みつける|見付ける]]こと。 #*彼は{{ふりがな|樅|もみ}}の[[成長]]について大なる'''発見'''を[[なす|なし]]ました。（[[w:内村鑑三|内村鑑三]]『[http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000034/files/233_2992.html デンマルク国の話]』） ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|detection}}, {{t|en|discovery}}, {{t|en|espial}}, {{t|en|find}}, {{t|en|finding}}, {{t|en|trove}} *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|malkovro}} *{{T|zh}}: {{zh-l|發現}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|발견}} *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nb}}: {{t|no|oppdagelse|m}}, {{t|no|funn|n}} *{{T|fr}}; {{t|fr|découverte|f}} {{bottom}} ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|はっけん}} #[[みつける|見付ける]]。 #*私はある[[絵画]][[展覧]]会場の[[一室]]で、小さな[[油絵]]を一枚'''発見'''した。（{{w|芥川龍之介}}『[http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/113_15225.html 沼地]』） ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|detect}}, {{t|en|discover}}, {{t|en|find}}, {{t|en|rout}}, {{t|en|rumble}}, {{t|en|spot}}, {{t|en|uncover}}, {{t|en|come up}}, {{t|en|dig up}} *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|malkovri}} *{{T|zh}}: {{zh-l|發現}} {{bottom}} jdyr4s78w1wvreumliurti6vowh0nrb 0 80861 2279837 2060404 2026-06-06T13:20:39Z うーむ 129171 /* 関連語 */ 2279837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|さんきゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|thank you}} ===感動詞=== {{ja-interj}} #{{context|greeting|lang=ja}}[[ありがとう]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[サンクス]] *[[ノーサンキュー]] *[[サンキュー事故]]、[[サンキューカード]]、[[サンキューハザード]] cl50exp42gw1iyiqia07lcytuxwyw4l 0 87768 2280292 2272971 2026-06-07T11:20:11Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんそう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|そう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||かんそー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[かんそう]]}} #[[みずけ|水気]]や[[しめりけ|湿り気]]の少ない、{{おくりがな2|乾|かわ|い|かわく}}た状態。 #[[おもしろみ|面白み]]や[[魅力]]のないこと。 #*{{comp}}:[[無味乾燥]] #*{{quote-book|ja|author=北村透谷|title=情熱|year=1893年|text=情熱を欠きたる聖浄は自から講壇より起る'''乾燥'''の声の如く、美術のヱボルーシヨンには適ひ難し。|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000157/card46554.html}} ===={{ant}}==== *[[湿潤]] ===={{drv}}==== *[[乾燥芋]] *[[乾燥機]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}:[[dry]] ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|かんそう}} #[[かわく]]。かわいている。 #*{{quote-book|ja|author=寺田寅彦|title=藤の実|year=1933年|text=この日に限って、こうまで目立ってたくさんにいっせいにはじけたというのは、数日来の晴天でいいかげん'''乾燥'''していたのが、この日さらに特別な好晴で湿度の低下したために、多数の実がほぼ一様な極限の'''乾燥'''度に達したためであろうと思われた。|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000042/card2339.html}} #かわかす。 ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|gan1zao4|noun}} {{yue-cat|gon1chou3|noun}} {{nan-cat|kan1so3|noun}} {{cpx-cat|gang1sor4|noun}} {{hak-cat|kon1chau1|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gānzào|a=Zh-ganzào.ogg}} {{yue-pron|gon1 cou3|a=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-乾燥.wav}} {{nan-pron|kan-sò/xm,qz:kan-chàu}} {{cpx-pron|pt,xy:gang1 *sor4}} {{hak-pron|kôn-châu|h=gonˋ zauˋ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=干燥}} #[[みずけ|水気]]や[[しめりけ|湿り気]]の少ない、{{おくりがな2|乾|かわ|い|かわく}}た状態。 #[[無味乾燥]]であること、面白みのないこと。 ===={{seealso}}==== *[[焦燥]]（閩南語） ===={{usage}}==== *日本語の「乾燥」と異なり、動詞用法（「[[かわく]]・[[かわかす]]」）はもちろん、限定的形容用法（「かわいた」）はない。「気候が乾燥している」は「[[氣候]]乾燥（[[气候]][[干燥]]）」であるが、「[[乾燥気候]]」は「乾燥的氣候（干燥的气候）」となる。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|건조}} #（日本語に同じ）乾燥。 9wq5nu916uz0j5940og895e08quwbjg 0 91372 2279869 1982868 2026-06-06T14:10:36Z Jiba1219 100610 2279869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちょうわ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|ちょう|わ|yomi=kanon,goon}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ちょうわ|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ちょうわ]]}} #[[複数]]の物の間に[[つりあい|釣り合い]]がとれており、[[まとまる|まとまっ]]ていること。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[調和級数]] *[[調和振動子]] *[[調和数列]] *[[調和平均]] *[[不調和]] *[[母音調和]] ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|tiao2he2|verb|adjective}} {{yue-cat|tiu4wo4|verb|adjective}} {{nan-cat|tiau5ho5|verb|adjective}} {{hak-cat|thiau2fo2|verb|adjective}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|tiáohé|a=Zh-tiáohé.ogg}} {{yue-pron|tiu4 wo4}} {{nan-pron|tiâu-hô/qz:tiâu-hô͘}} {{hak-pron|thiàu-fò}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars|s=调和}} #[[調停]]する。 #[[妥協]]する。 ==={{adjective}}=== {{zhchars|s=调和}} #[[適度]]な、調和した。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|조화}} #（日本語に同じ）調和。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{vi-head|verb|điều|hòa}} #調和する。 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wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|凵|14}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[籀文]]（『[[w:字彙補|字彙補]]』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} cqfr8jccab4g9qrnh85uu8qquf5w2cb 0 120264 2280176 2114392 2026-06-07T06:57:36Z M-30722 1202 2280176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょう}} ==漢字== {{kanji|一|3}} {{kanji variants|丈}} ===意義=== #長さの単位(約3.03m) #年輩の男性の呼び名に付ける =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ジョウ<ヂャゥ|漢音=チョウ<チャゥ|訓=たけ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|san4}} ==={{pron}}=== {{zh-han|m=sàn,zhàng|c=zoeng6}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|장}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-14-02|mj={{mjmoji|030319|030320}}|gb=95328337|cns=3-2144}} {{検字|倉頡=IJK}} {{字典|hdz=10012.050|大字源=13|大漢語林=19|新大字典=26|新潮漢字=14|諸橋=26}} r8xjadgye5otghuo3lfbodz1iiuo5a1 0 122540 2280305 2239676 2026-06-07T11:30:14Z M-30722 1202 2280305 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|crh}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|crh|verb}} #{{おくりがな2|好|この|む|このむ}}、[[愛する]]。 =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|otk|tr}} ''sev-'' < {{etyl|trk-pro|tr}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=tr|[sevmec]}} * {{hyphenation|sev|mek}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|tr|verb}} #{{おくりがな2|好|この|む|このむ}}、[[愛する]]。 {{tr-conj|sev|e|sever|e|d}} ===={{ant}}==== * [[sevmemek]] ===={{drv}}==== * [[sevilmek]] * [[sevinmek]] * [[sevişmek]] 0w1v7uyp88x83v2rrmkl37ot0zdmrwh 0 125725 2280131 991488 2026-06-07T06:01:00Z M-30722 1202 2280131 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|卜|6}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[古字]]（『[[w:字彙補|字彙補]]』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 8z0o9vi7bwqmcs2c5lgmwts36ghiiga 0 133455 2279893 1898349 2026-06-06T14:30:24Z M-30722 1202 2279893 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=hy|ɑmɑrɑˈnot͡sʰ}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-ամառանոց.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{タグ|hy|建物}}[[別荘]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hy|ամառ}} 8buwuibdsd5npbqvxk2hwr1bkg19xss 10 133560 2280195 2278113 2026-06-07T07:29:51Z M-30722 1202 廃止 2280195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{非推奨のテンプレート|メッセージ='''このテンプレートは非推奨です。代わりに [[テンプレート:a]] を使用してください。'''|廃止=y}} 3q5hh5sr9xbsec9byeirrsyiq87i2xd 0 133561 2279913 1897525 2026-06-06T14:42:26Z M-30722 1202 2279913 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|xcl|hy}} {{m|xcl|ամուսնանամ|ամուսնանալ}} < {{m|xcl|ամուսին}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|[ɑmusnɑˈnɑl]}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-ամուսնանալ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|hy|verb}} #{{タグ|hy|結婚|label=no}}[[結婚]]する。 k062mz296x2zz2yli3joi78qs9dd4e7 0 133563 2279914 1897526 2026-06-06T14:42:49Z M-30722 1202 2279914 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑmusnɑˈt͡sʰɑt͡s}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|hy|adjective}} #{{タグ|hy|結婚}}[[既婚]]の。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hy|ամուսնանալ}} h0b7pl3g4qofcqfgwal63h8shvg0c8e 0 133564 2279916 1379244 2026-06-06T14:44:05Z M-30722 1202 2279916 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== {{wikipedia|Ամուսնություն|lang=hy}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|ɑmusnuˈt͡sʰjun|lang=hy}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-ամուսնություն.ogg}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-noun}} #{{topcat|hy|結婚}}[[結婚]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hy|ամուսնութիւն}} [[Category:アルメニア語 接尾辞"-ություն"]] 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#{{ふりがな|角|かど}}。 #{{context|geometry|physics|lang=hy}}[[角]]。 3go58knxakfo91u3uxmels4mezixvop 0 139174 2279902 1898427 2026-06-06T14:35:35Z M-30722 1202 2279902 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑŋkoˈʁin}} *{{a|hy-W}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑŋgoˈʁin}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-անկողին.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|furniture|lang=hy}}[[ベッド]]、[[寝台]]。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|hy|մահճակալ}} kijp55nj2cxu96bwc1z1226vl6u5cqv 0 140904 2279894 1898351 2026-06-06T14:30:50Z M-30722 1202 2279894 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|ɑmɑrɑˈjin}} *{{音声|hy|Hy-ամառային.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|hy|adjective}} #{{ふりがな|夏|なつ}}の。 #* {{ux|hy|ամառային արձակուրդ|夏休み}} 7r5c2ygga6nmv08zojqip7b93ia6ppk 10 141339 2280015 2138896 2026-06-07T01:07:01Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{check deprecated lang param usage|lang={{{lang|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:form of/templates|form_of_t|{{#if:{{{nodot|}}}|&nbsp;の女性複数形|&nbsp;の女性複数形。}}|ignore=POS|withcap=1}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:文法形態テンプレート]]</noinclude> degmyrd271rzfjc3oc6i087qsyu6w3s 0 141580 2279898 1902959 2026-06-06T14:32:01Z M-30722 1202 2279898 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|gɑɾnɑnɑˈjin}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|hy|adjective}} #{{ふりがな|春|はる}}の。 i7znvva6bzxeqs2cioqm3og9go7d7uu 0 151610 2280129 2081122 2026-06-07T06:00:21Z M-30722 1202 2280129 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|亅|5}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[籀文]]（『[[w:説文解字|説文解字]]』掲載）。 #*「籀文乃字。又大也。」（丁度 他『{{w|集韻}}』） =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} lgadtlfyxatc8wf6ym36c0qmeqjmwn8 0 161252 2280258 1991961 2026-06-07T10:29:38Z 鍼灸 112313 2280258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぼうえいぐん}} {{wikipedia}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぼうえいぐん}} # {{タグ|ja|軍事}}[[軍隊]]の[[組織]]の一つ。[[防衛]]を主[[任務]]とする。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[国防軍]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}: [[defence force]] *{{vi}}: [[lực lượng phòng]] =={{ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|방위군|cat2=軍事}} # （日本語に同じ） olrpcr786l4zc40hhv67m3mfrc5nmt8 0 161518 2280032 1379614 2026-06-07T01:14:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Palatine}} =={{en}}== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} ==={{etym}} 1=== {{etyl|frm}}[[palatin]]＜ {{etyl|ML.|en}} {{term|la|palatinus||皇帝の}}＜ {{etyl|la|en}} {{term|la|palatium||palace}} ===={{adj}}==== {{en-adj|-}} # [[w:パラティーノ|パラティーノ]]の丘（[[ローマ]]の丘陵のひとつ、古代より王宮や皇帝宮が建造された）に関する。 # 最高権力者の継ぐ権力者に関する。 # 王宮、特に東西ローマ帝国のものに関する。 # [[宮中伯]]に関する。 ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun}} # 古代ローマ兵士。 # 古代ローマ又は東ローマ帝国の[[官僚]]。 # 神聖ローマ帝国における[[封建]]領主である[[宮中伯]]（[[プファルツ伯]]、[[ファルツ伯]]（[[Pfalzgraf]]））。 # 宮中伯領。 # [[ハンガリー王国]]において国王に継ぐ権力者（[[nádor]]）。 ==={{etym}} 2=== {{etyl|fr}}[[palatin]]＜ {{etyl|la|en}} {{term|la|palatum||口蓋}} *'''[[palate]]'''の形容詞形 ===={{adj}}==== {{en-adj|-}} # [[口蓋]]の、上あごの。 # [[口蓋骨]]の。 ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun}} # {{context|anatomy|lang=en}} [[口蓋骨]]。 ---- =={{fr}}== ==={{pron|fr}}=== * {{IPA|palatin|lang=fr}} ==={{etym}}1=== *{{etyl|frm|fr}}[[palatin]]＜ {{etyl|ML.|fr}} {{term|la|palatinus||皇帝の}}＜ {{etyl|la|fr}} {{term|la|palatium||palace}} ===={{adj}}==== {{head|fr|{{adj}}_{{form}}}} #'''[[palatin]]'''の女性形。 ==={{etym}}2=== *宮中伯妃（Princess Palatine）[[w:アンヌ・ド・ゴンザーグ・ド・クレーヴ|アンヌ・ド・ゴンザーグ・ド・クレーヴ]]が広めた衣装であることから。 ===={{noun}}==== {{fr-noun|f}} # {{context|historical|lang=fr}} [[パラティン]]、女性用の、毛皮･レース製の肩掛け。 ---- =={{it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|palatino}} ---- =={{la}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{la-adj-form|palatine}} # {{inflection of|palatinus||voc|m|s|lang=la}} n152fdr0glgfa88nravjnk2auqclf5g 0 162130 2279875 1378131 2026-06-06T14:15:32Z M-30722 1202 2279875 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|sv}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sv|noun form}} # [[argon]]の非限定単数属格。 =={{L|lv}}== {{wikipedia|Argons|lang=lv}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|lv}} {{m|gec|ἀργόν}} ({{m|grc|ἀργός||怠惰な}} の中性形) ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=lv|[arɡɔːns]}} * {{音声|lv|lv-riga-argons.ogg}} ==={{noun}}=== {{lv-noun|m|1}} #{{タグ|lv|元素}}[[アルゴン]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{lv-decl-noun|argon|s|1st|no-pl}} i3ul5sp1a50xrnp73wyypddi7tjk9bj 0 164980 2280031 1826970 2026-06-07T01:14:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280031 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{it}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|it|verb form}} # {{活用形|conciliare||2|p|pres|indc|lang=it}} # {{活用形|conciliare||2|p|impr|lang=it}} # {{活用形|conciliare||2|p|pres|subj|lang=it}} # {{feminine plural of|it|conciliato}} ---- =={{en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|en}} {{term|la|conciliātus}}, {{term|la|conciliāre||まとめる}} の所相完了分詞。< {{term|la|concilium||会合}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˌkənˈsɪlieɪt|lang=en}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-conciliate.wav|音声 (英)}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|conciliat|ing}} # [[なだめる|宥める]]。 # [[和解]]させる。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|conciliation}} * {{l|en|conciliatory}} ---- =={{la}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{la-verb-form|conciliāte}} # {{活用形|conciliare|conciliāre|2|p|pres|actv|impr|lang=la}} 5y9p2t0gl3yeqyrlt5k7xfvx1k27hmp 0 165461 2279818 2276233 2026-06-06T12:53:55Z M-30722 1202 2279818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|カンカン|かんがん|がんがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|幼児語}}[[かんざし]]。 ==={{adverb}}=== {{ja-adv}} {{タグ|ja|オノマトペ}}（あとに「と」を伴うこともある） #[[金属]]などとあたって高く澄んだ音が出るさま。 #日ざしが強いさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun}} #[[激怒]]しているさま。 #火が強くおこっているさま。 {{日本語ダ活用}} ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[感官]]】[[感覚器官]]の[[略語]]。 *【[[看貫]]】[[看貫秤]]の略称、品物の目方をはかること。 *【[[閑閑]]】落ち着いているさま。 *【[[侃侃]]】[[剛直]]なさま。 *【[[汗簡]]】記録。 *【[[看官]]・[[観官]]】読者。 *【[[閑官]]】あまり重要でない役職。 *【[[漢奸]]】中国で、敵と繋がっている者。 *【[[緩緩]]】緩やかなさま。 *【[[関関]]】のどかに鳥が鳴くさま。 *【[[串貫]]】貫くこと。。 *【[[缶缶]]】[[缶]]の俗語。 nbjjrzlp2ajndx0ha7r0syp7g93lkeu 0 173715 2280317 2269795 2026-06-07T11:40:20Z 歯科医療20260509 131815 /* {{noun}} */ 2280317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|まか|マカ}} =={{ojp}}== [[Category:{{ojp}}]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ojp}}_{{noun}}]] '''{{PAGENAME}}'''【[[禍]]、[[凶]]】 # [[わざわい]]。[[災難]]。[[縁起]]が[[わるい|悪い]]こと。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[まがごと]] *[[まがまがしい]] *[[まがる]] ===={{ant}}==== * [[よごと]] 5ykyt1py2dpynwlmr8yligj4zpryzfo 0 175565 2280021 1836226 2026-06-07T01:11:28Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280021 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{participle}}=== {{head|it|分詞}} #{{feminine plural of|it|recluso}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|it|verb form}} #{{verb form of|it|recludere||遠過去|3|s}} =={{L|en}}== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|fro|en}} {{m|fro|reclus}};{{m|fro|reclure}}の過去分詞形 < {{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|reclūdere}} < {{m|la|re-}} + {{m|la|claudere||閉じる}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=en|/ɹɪˈkluːs/|/ˈɹɛkluːs/}} **{{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-recluse.wav|a=Southern England}} **{{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-recluse2.wav|a=Southern England}} *{{rhymes|lang=en|uːs|s=2}} ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj}} #{{context|archaic|lang=en}} 世を捨てた。 #* ''a '''recluse''' monk or hermit'' #*:出家僧、世捨て人 #{{context|archaic|lang=en}} 隠れた。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{l|en|reclusive}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #[[よすてびと|世捨人]]、[[隠者]]。 #{{context|obsolete|lang=en}} 隠者の住むところ。 ##{{context|US|lang=en}} [[クモ]]の一種、[[w:ドクイトグモ|ドクイトグモ]]。 ====={{syn}}===== 語義1 *[[anchoret]] *[[eremite]] *[[hermit]] *[[solitary]] ===={{comp}}==== *{{l|en|brown recluse}} *{{l|en|recluse spider}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|reclus|ing}} #{{context|obsolete|lang=en}} [[しめる|閉める]]、[[遮断]]する、[[隔離]]する。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{fr-adj-form}} #{{feminine singular of|fr|reclus}} =={{L|la}}== ==={{participle}}=== {{la-part-form|reclūse}} #{{verb form of|la|reclūsus||voc|m|s}} 4vzfid7wjn5l8aodc1emvupum7evy0j 0 181742 2279920 1898024 2026-06-06T14:46:27Z M-30722 1202 2279920 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|hy|Hy-ականջօղ.ogg|a=hy-E}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #[[イヤリング]]。 byd9jt89ba3e32judl5ly0urmzas7h5 0 183480 2280186 992528 2026-06-07T07:15:07Z M-30722 1202 2280186 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|鹵|9}} {{kanji variants|鹹}} ===意義=== #「[[鹹]]」の[[古字]]（『篇海類編』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 760da6odjibbj0o40zbo5v1fsz91xg7 0 195034 2280148 1399293 2026-06-07T06:25:34Z M-30722 1202 2280148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|brève}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|it}} ''[[brevis]]'' ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=it|ˈbrɛːve}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{it-adj|brev|e|i}} #{{おくりがな2|短|みじか|い|みじかい}}。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|it|corto}} ===={{ant}}==== * {{l|it|lungo}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top}} * {{l|it|a breve}} / [[tra breve]] * {{l|it|brevemente}} * {{l|it|brevità}} * {{l|it|in breve}} {{bottom}} ==={{adverb}}=== {{it-adv}} #{{ふりがな|手短|てみじか}}に。 ==={{noun}}=== {{it-noun|brev|m|e|i}} #{{context|music|lang=it}}[[二全音符]]。 #[[短信]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|it|dibreve}} =={{L|ia}}== ==={{adjective}}=== {{ia-adj}} #{{おくりがな2|短|みじか|い|みじかい}}。 =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la}} ''[[brevis]]'' ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|bɹiːv}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|iːv}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{context|orthography|printing|lang=en}}[[短音記号]]({{l|mul|˘}})。 #{{context|music|UK|lang=en}}[[二全音符]]。 #{{context|legal|lang=en}}（裁判所から出された）[[令状]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|brevity}} * {{l|en|brief}} * {{l|en|semibreve}} ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|en|half note}} * {{l|en|longa}} * {{l|en|whole note}} ===アナグラム=== * {{l|en|bever}} =={{L|nl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=nl|ˈbreː.və}} * {{音声|nl|Nl-breve.ogg}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|nl}} ''[[brevis]]'' ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=f|breves|brevetje}} #{{context|orthography|lang=nl}}[[短音記号]]。 ===アナグラム=== * {{l|nl|bever}} =={{L|es}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|es}} ''[[brevis]]'' ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=es|/ˈbɾe.be/|[ˈbɾe̞.βe̞]}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{es-adj|f=breve}} #{{おくりがな2|短|みじか|い|みじかい}}。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[corto]] ===={{ant}}==== * [[largo]] ===={{drv}}==== * [[brevidad]] =={{L|da}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=da|/breːvə/|[ˈb̥ʁeːvə]|[ˈb̥ʁeːw̩]}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|da|noun form|g=n}} #[[brev]]の非限定複数形。 =={{L|pt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|pt}} ''[[brevis]]'' < {{etyl|ine-pro|pt}} {{m|ine-pro|*mréǵʰus}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|Brazil}} {{IPA|lang=pt|ˈbɾɛ.vi}} * {{a|PT}} {{IPA|lang=pt|ˈbɾɛ.vɨ}} * {{hyphenation|bre|ve}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{pt-adj|brev|e}} #{{おくりがな2|短|みじか|い|みじかい}}。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|pt|curto}} ===={{ant}}==== * {{l|pt|longo}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|pt|brevidade}} =={{L|la}}== ==={{adjective}}=== {{la-adj-form|breve}} #[[brevis]]の中性単数主格。 #brevisの中性単数対格。 #brevisの中性単数呼格。 cyehhgajvwj6i4skkfewuot3vb2l5co 0 196406 2280149 1394310 2026-06-07T06:28:49Z M-30722 1202 2280149 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|la}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|itc-pro|la}} {{m|itc-pro|*breɣʷis}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|la}} {{m|ine-pro|*mréǵʰus}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|Classical}} {{IPA|lang=la|ˈbre.wis}} * {{音声|la|la-cls-brevis.ogg}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{la-adj|brevis|comp=brevior|sup=brevissimus}} #（距離、時間ともに）{{おくりがな2|短|みじか|い|みじかい}}。 #（隔たり）{{おくりがな2|小|ちい|さい|ちいさい}}、{{おくりがな2|狭|せま|い|せまい}}。 #（高低、深浅）{{おくりがな2|低|ひく|い|ひくい}}、{{おくりがな2|浅|あさ|い|あさい}}。 {{la-adecl|brevis}} ===={{syn}}==== *（隔たり）{{l|la|parvus}} ===={{ant}}==== *（短い）：{{l|la|longus}} *（低い、浅い）：{{l|la|altus}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top}} * {{l|la|breviloquēns}} * {{l|la|breviloquentia}} * {{l|la|breviloquium}} * {{l|la|breviloquus}} * {{l|la|tribrevis}} {{bottom}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top}} * {{l|la|breve}} * {{l|la|brevī}} * {{l|la|breviāre}} * {{l|la|breviārium}} * {{l|la|breviārius}} * {{l|la|breviātiō}} * {{l|la|breviātor}} * {{l|la|breviculus}} * {{l|la|brevitās}} * {{l|la|breviter}} {{bottom}} ===={{desc}}==== {{top}} *{{desc|it|breve}} *{{desc|en|brief}} *{{desc|nl|brief}} *{{desc|ca|breu}} *{{desc|non|bréf}} *{{desc|sv|brev}} *{{desc|es|breve}} *{{desc|da|brev}} *{{desc|de|Brief}} *{{desc|no|brev}} *{{desc|fr|bref|brève}} *{{desc|pt|breve}} *{{desc|rm|brev|breav}} {{bottom}} ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun+|brevis<3>|g=m}} #{{context|orthography|printing|lang=la}}[[短音記号]]({{l|mul|˘}})。 #{{context|music|lang=la}}[[二全音符]]。 {{la-ndecl|brevis<3>}} ===={{desc}}==== *{{desc|it|breve}} *{{desc|en|breve}} a6n43t96nuwzd97sznwcgdyierctcnn 0 201124 2279951 2225673 2026-06-06T23:36:09Z 鍼灸 112313 2279951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょじゅう|じょしゅう|じょじゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初秋]]】①[[あき|秋]]の[[はじめ|初め]]の頃。②[[陰暦]]七月。 *【[[所収]]】[[作品]]などが、[[ひとつ|一つ]]の[[書物]]または[[全集]]の[[なか|中]]に[[おさめる|収め]]られていること。 *【[[諸州]]】[[諸国]]。 *【[[初終]]】[[終始]]。 *【[[諸衆]]】[[衆人]]。 *【[[庶羞]]】盛り合わせた食事。 *【[[暑湿]]】蒸し暑い。 cirtu0u9vx89hr1woa38h1192588wew 2279954 2279951 2026-06-06T23:39:55Z 鍼灸 112313 2279954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょじゅう|じょしゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初秋]]】①[[あき|秋]]の[[はじめ|初め]]の頃。②[[陰暦]]七月。 *【[[所収]]】[[作品]]などが、[[ひとつ|一つ]]の[[書物]]または[[全集]]の[[なか|中]]に[[おさめる|収め]]られていること。 *【[[諸州]]】[[諸国]]。 *【[[初終]]】[[終始]]。 *【[[諸衆]]】[[衆人]]。 *【[[庶羞]]】盛り合わせた食事。 *【[[暑湿]]】蒸し暑い。 gdp4980nppuijyeco3cyqts4n5zkuo2 2280270 2279954 2026-06-07T11:04:16Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2280270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょじゅう|じょしゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初秋]]】①[[あき|秋]]の[[はじめ|初め]]の頃。②[[陰暦]]七月。 *【[[所収]]】[[作品]]などが、[[ひとつ|一つ]]の[[書物]]または[[全集]]の[[なか|中]]に[[おさめる|収め]]られていること。 *【[[諸州]]】[[諸国]]。 *【[[諸宗]]】それぞれの宗旨や宗派。 *【[[初終]]】[[終始]]。 *【[[諸衆]]】[[衆人]]。 *【[[庶羞]]】盛り合わせた食事。 *【[[暑湿]]】蒸し暑い。 2cnptx0wtnodl1j8vbkjg872ktxmur6 0 210207 2280050 1491949 2026-06-07T01:17:46Z うーむ 129171 2280050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|リッチ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[立地]]】①[[農業]]・[[工業]]などを[[いとなむ|営む]]のに[[適]]した[[土地]]を[[きめる|決める]]こと。②[[たちば|立場]]。 clqb55p8az9pwb3s2ylvrdj86vbfokz 0 226277 2280165 1017930 2026-06-07T06:48:43Z M-30722 1202 2280165 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|宀|5}} {{kanji variants|宛}} ===意義=== #「[[宛]]」の[[俗字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 0o234r25ovg12xf9oiqklkpdc9suevb 0 228434 2280095 1021112 2026-06-07T05:35:10Z M-30722 1202 2280095 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|2}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[略字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} s28h19bb89l5k6gh9f49f6zmvab4jbx 0 228435 2280096 1021113 2026-06-07T05:35:28Z M-30722 1202 2280096 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|7}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[俗字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} ob38l2l9sxcda5n11qxiguyixaqzvuv 0 228436 2280097 1021114 2026-06-07T05:35:44Z M-30722 1202 2280097 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|9}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[俗字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} o52k4sg5px3i508inv0qkyur7v10x4t 0 231645 2280051 1819269 2026-06-07T01:20:46Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|convulsé}} =={{en}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|convulsus}}； {{m|la|convellere}}の過去分詞＜ {{m|la|com-||ともに}} + {{m|la|vellere||引く}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|/kənˈvʌls/}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-convulse.wav|音声 (英)}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|convuls|ing}} # {{lb|en|transitive+}} 激しく揺らす、[[振動]]させる。 # {{lb|en|transitive+}} [[爆笑]]させる。 # {{lb|en|transitive+|通常受動態で}} [[痙攣]]させる。 # {{lb|en|intransitive+}} [[痙攣]]する。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|convulsion}} * {{l|en|convulsive}} * {{l|en|convulsant}} ---- =={{it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adj form}} # {{feminine plural of|it|convulso}} ---- =={{la}}== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞 定形}} # {{verb form of|la|convulsus||voc|m|s}} ---- =={{pt}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{活用形|convulsar||subj|pres|1|s|lang=pt}} # {{活用形|convulsar||subj|pres|3|s|lang=pt}} # {{活用形|convulsar||imp|3|s|lang=pt}} e06r961ed6q9h951dn9uu5gpphbf0rt 10 231733 2280014 2212485 2026-06-07T01:07:01Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{check deprecated lang param usage|lang={{{lang|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:form of/templates|form_of_t|{{#if:{{{nodot|}}}|&nbsp;の女性単数形|&nbsp;の女性単数形。}}|ignore=POS|withcap=1}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:文法形態テンプレート]]</noinclude> 3t8uj73zotn0x12ays0n7hp5ey84miq 0 232165 2280052 2102544 2026-06-07T01:20:46Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280052 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}} 1=== *{{etyl|la|en}} *{{suffix+|importune|ate|lang=en}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{a|RP}} {{IPA|ɪmˈpɔːtjuːnət|lang=en}} * {{a|US}} {{IPA|ɪmˈpɔɹtjuːnət|lang=en}} * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-importunate.wav|a=英}} * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-importunate.wav|a=英}} ===={{adjective}}==== {{en-adj}} # （要求が）[[しつこい]]。 # （人について）しつこく要求する。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[importunately]] *[[importunateness]] ==={{etym}} 2=== *{{etyl|fr|en}} {{m|fr|importuner||邪魔をする}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{a|RP}} {{IPA|ɪmˈpɔːtjuːneɪt|lang=en}} * {{a|US}} {{IPA|ɪmˈpɔɹtjuːneɪt|lang=en}} ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb|importunat|ing}} # {{lb|en|rare}}[[しつこい|しつこく]][[せがむ]]（[[importune]]）。 ---- =={{L|it}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|it|verb form}} # {{活用形|importunare||2|p|pres|indc|lang=it}} # {{活用形|importunare||2|p|impr|lang=it}} # {{feminine plural of|it|importunato}} 7s1ry0jfusb15ze01sxef80qiax2dgr 0 234210 2279949 2167769 2026-06-06T23:11:45Z ~2026-31739-22 131647 2279949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たざんのいし}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-idiom|たざんのいし|head=[[他山]]の[[いし|石]]}} #良いところも含めて[[吟味]]したうえで[[教訓]]などにするべき、他人の劣っていたり、誤っている言説や行動。 #*文学者の文学論、文学観はいくらでもあるが、科学者の文学観は比較的少数なので、いわゆる'''他山の石'''の石くずぐらいにはなるかもしれないというのが、自分の自分への申し訳である。（[[w:寺田寅彦|寺田寅彦]] 『科学と文学』） ===={{etym}}==== [[Category:故事成語]] [[Category:由来 詩経]] *『[[:s:zh:詩經/鶴鳴|詩経・鶴鳴]]』中の「它山之石、可以為錯」及び「它山之石、可以攻玉」の句より。「錯」は砥石、「攻」は磨くの意。「[[他山の石以て玉を攻むべし]]」の句で知られる。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|ko}}:{{t|ko|타산지석(他山之石)}} *{{T|zh}}:[[他山之石]]/[[它山之石]]（tāshānzhīshí） 42i5jki3wjlpe3l0c9i32wz7ticu8qi 0 239341 2279862 1696682 2026-06-06T14:00:53Z Jiba1219 100610 2279862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きばん}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|きばん|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[きばん]]}} #[[物事]]の[[基礎]]となる[[ことがら|事柄]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|기반}} #（日本語に同じ）基盤。 opnlf6q2p0slv1plixdo438ucvnh6uz 0 239351 2279864 2229458 2026-06-06T14:07:29Z M-30722 1202 2279864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|きはん|ぎはん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[基盤]]】物事の[[基礎]]となる[[ことがら|事柄]]。 *【[[基板]]】ある[[機能]]を持たせるために[[電子部品]]などを[[搭載]]したりする[[いた|板]]状の[[部品]]。 *【[[起番]]】[[番号]]を[[つける|付け]]始めること。 3ufx9xttinufxmlf4xv1hihoxz21r1z 0 239356 2279866 2229459 2026-06-06T14:07:56Z M-30722 1202 2279866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|きばん|ぎはん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[規範]]、[[軌範]]】[[判断]]・[[評価]]・[[行為]]などの[[際]]、[[したがう|従う]]べき[[よりどころ|拠所]]となるもの。 *【[[帰帆]]】[[みなと|港]]に[[かえる|帰る]][[ふね|船]]。 *【[[帰阪]]】[[w:大阪府|大阪]]に帰ること。 *【[[羈絆]]】[[さまたげ|妨げ]]となる物事。 8vclr5l1gk7xe3oz83uw70snm0z0p4g 0 243887 2280053 1793585 2026-06-07T01:20:47Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280053 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{en}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|reciprocare|reciprocāre|往復運動する}}、おそらく、{{m|la|reque proque||前に後ろに}}＜ {{m|la|re-||後方へ}}, {{m|la|pro|prō|前方へ}}及び{{suffix}}:{{m|la|-que||及び}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ɹɪˈsɪpɹəˌkeɪt|lang=en}} * {{audio|en|en-us-reciprocate.ogg|音声 (米)}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|reciprocat|ing}} # {{lb|en|intransitive+}} （ピストン運動のような）[[往復運動]]する。 # {{lb|en|intransitive+}} [[対抗]]する、[[報復]]する。 # {{lb|en|transitive+}} ～を[[交換]]する。 # {{lb|en|transitive+}} お返しに与える。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{m|en|reciprocation}} *{{m|en|reciprocative}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{m|en|reciprocal}} *[[レシプロ]] ---- =={{it}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|it|verb form}} # {{活用形|reciprocare||2|p|pres|indc|lang=it}} # {{活用形|reciprocare||2|p|impr||lang=it}} # {{feminine plural of|it|reciprocato}} i09oq677vjhd6gpzjc03uznvsml4i3m 0 248481 2280307 2229962 2026-06-07T11:31:26Z M-30722 1202 2280307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かんそう|がんそう|がんぞう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[肝臓]]】[[内臓]]のひとつ。腹部の右上に位置する最も大きい[[臓器]]。 *【[[甘草]]】マメ目マメ科カンゾウ属に属する[[多年草]]の総称。 *【[[萱草]]】ユリ科の多年草の総称。 0sue3s8bw6tqw275a89qjsdwoczjdkt 828 256875 2280211 1214585 2026-06-07T09:09:53Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Module:tr-nouns]]より関数compound追加 2280211 Scribunto text/plain local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("tr") local export = {} local vowels = { ["a"] = {high = "ı", low = "a"}, ["â"] = {high = "ı", low = "a"}, ["e"] = {high = "i", low = "e"}, ["ı"] = {high = "ı", low = "a"}, ["i"] = {high = "i", low = "e"}, ["î"] = {high = "i", low = "e"}, ["o"] = {high = "u", low = "a"}, ["ö"] = {high = "ü", low = "e"}, ["u"] = {high = "u", low = "a"}, ["û"] = {high = "u", low = "a"}, ["ü"] = {high = "ü", low = "e"}, } -- Inflection functions function export.vowel(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "u"}, ["n"] = {}, ["poss"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["pred"] = {type = "boolean"}, } local args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local data = {forms = {}, info = "格変化", categories = {}} local stem = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local vowel = vowels[args[1]] local plvowel = vowels[vowel.low] if mw.ustring.match(stem, "([aâeıiîoöuûü])$") ~= args[1] then require("モジュール:debug").track("tr-nouns/vowel") end data.forms["nom|s"] = {stem} data.forms["def|acc|s"] = {stem .. "y" .. vowel.high} data.forms["dat|s"] = {stem .. "y" .. vowel.low} data.forms["loc|s"] = {stem .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["abl|s"] = {stem .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["gen|s"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["nom|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r"} data.forms["def|acc|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["dat|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["loc|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["abl|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["gen|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} if args["poss"] then data.forms["1|s|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high} data.forms["1|p|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} end if args["pred"] then data.forms["1|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "y" .. vowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem, stem .. "d" .. vowel.high .. "r"} data.forms["1|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "y" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r"} data.forms["1|s|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rs" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r", stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.high .. "r"} data.forms["1|p|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rs" .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.high .. "r"} end postprocess(args, data) return make_table(data) end function export.cons(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "u"}, ["n"] = {}, ["poss"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["pred"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["stem"] = {}, } local args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local data = {forms = {}, info = "Inflection", categories = {}} local stem = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local stem2 = args["stem"] or stem local vowel = vowels[args[1]] local plvowel = vowels[vowel.low] if mw.ustring.match(stem, "([aâeıiîoöuûü])[^aâeıiîoöuûü]+$") ~= args[1] then require("Module:debug").track("tr-nouns/vowel") end local dt = "d" if mw.ustring.find(stem, "[çfhkptsş]$") then dt = "t" end data.forms["nom|s"] = {stem} data.forms["def|acc|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high} data.forms["dat|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.low} data.forms["loc|s"] = {stem .. dt .. vowel.low} data.forms["abl|s"] = {stem .. dt .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["gen|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["nom|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r"} data.forms["def|acc|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["dat|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["loc|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["abl|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["gen|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} if args["poss"] then data.forms["1|s|poss|of the|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|poss|of the|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|poss|of the|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high} data.forms["1|p|poss|of the|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|poss|of the|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|poss|of the|s"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|poss|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high} end if args["pred"] then data.forms["1|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem2 .. vowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem, stem .. dt .. vowel.high .. "r"} data.forms["1|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r"} data.forms["1|s|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rs" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r", stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.high .. "r"} data.forms["1|p|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rs" .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|pred|of the|p"] = {stem .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "rd" .. plvowel.high .. "r"} end postprocess(args, data) return make_table(data) end function export.compound(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "u"}, ["n"] = {}, ["poss"] = {}, ["pred"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["stem"] = {}, ["json"] = {type = "boolean"}, } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local stem = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local data = {forms = {}, info = "''" .. stem .. "''の格変化", categories = {}} local stem2 = args["stem"] or stem local vowel = vowels[args[1]] local plvowel = vowels[vowel.low] local plstem if args["n"] == "p" then plstem = stem2 else plstem = stem2 .. "l" .. vowel.low .. "r" end if mw.ustring.match(stem, "([aâeıiîoöuûü])$") ~= args[1] then require("Module:debug").track("tr-nouns/vowel") end local dt = "d" if mw.ustring.find(stem2, "[çfhkptsş]$") then dt = "t" end data.forms["nom|s"] = {stem} data.forms["def|acc|s"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high} data.forms["dat|s"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.low} data.forms["loc|s"] = {stem .. "nd" .. vowel.low} data.forms["abl|s"] = {stem .. "nd" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["gen|s"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["nom|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["def|acc|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["dat|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["loc|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "nd" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["abl|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "nd" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["gen|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} if args["poss"] then if args["poss"] == "c" then data.forms["1|s|spos|poss"] = {stem .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss"] = {stem .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss"] = {stem} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.low} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem .. "m" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem .. "m" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} elseif args["poss"] == "v" then data.forms["1|s|spos|poss"] = {stem2 .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss"] = {stem2 .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss"] = {stem2 .. "s" .. vowel.high} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem2 .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.high} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|def|acc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem2 .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.low} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|dat"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|dat"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem2 .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|loc"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|loc"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem2 .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|abl"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. vowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|abl"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. "d" .. plvowel.low .. "n"} data.forms["1|s|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem2 .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem2 .. "m" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|spos|poss|gen"] = {stem2 .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|spos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["1|s|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|s|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["1|p|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "m" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["2|p|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|p|mpos|poss|gen"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} else --error("For compound nouns, please specify |poss=c if the possessor is a consonant stem and |poss=v if it is a vowel stem.") table.insert(data.categories, "Turkish compound nouns with invalid poss parameter") end end if args["pred"] then data.forms["1|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "y" .. vowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|pred|of the|s"] = {stem} data.forms["1|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "y" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|pred|of the|s"] = {stem .. "s" .. vowel.high .. "n" .. vowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|pred|of the|s"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|s|pred|of the|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "y" .. plvowel.high .. "m"} data.forms["2|s|pred|of the|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "s" .. plvowel.high .. "n"} data.forms["3|s|pred|of the|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} data.forms["1|p|pred|of the|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "y" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["2|p|pred|of the|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high .. "s" .. plvowel.high .. "n" .. plvowel.high .. "z"} data.forms["3|p|pred|of the|p"] = {plstem .. plvowel.high} end postprocess(args, data) if args["json"] then return mw.text.jsonEncode(data) end return make_table(data) end function postprocess(args, data) data.has_poss = args["poss"] data.has_pred = args["pred"] data.n = args["n"] if args["n"] == "p" then table.insert(data.categories, lang:getCanonicalName() .. " 絶対複数") elseif args["n"] == "s" then table.insert(data.categories, lang:getCanonicalName() .. " 不可算名詞") elseif args["n"] then error("args= must be \"s\" or \"p\".") end for key, form in pairs(data.forms) do -- Do not show singular or plural forms for nominals that don't have them if (args["n"] == "p" and key:find("|s$")) or (args["n"] == "s" and key:find("|p$")) then form = nil end data.forms[key] = form end data.lemma = (data.forms["nom|" .. (data.n or "s")])[1] -- Check if the lemma form matches the page name if lang:makeEntryName(data.lemma) ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text then table.insert(data.categories, lang:getCanonicalName() .. " entries with inflection not matching pagename") end end -- Make the table function make_table(data) local function repl(param) local accel = true local no_store = false if param == "info" then return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(data.info or "") elseif string.sub(param, 1, 1) == "!" then no_store = true param = string.sub(param, 2) elseif string.sub(param, 1, 1) == "#" then accel = false param = string.sub(param, 2) end local forms = data.forms[param] if not forms then return "&mdash;" end local ret = {} for key, subform in ipairs(forms) do table.insert(ret, require("モジュール:links").full_link({lang = lang, term = subform, accel = accel and {form = param, lemma = data.lemma, no_store = no_store} or nil})) end return table.concat(ret, "<br/>") end local wikicode = {} table.insert(wikicode, [=[ {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher vsToggleCategory-inflection" style="text-align: left; background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;" |- style="background: #DEDEDE; text-align: left;" ! class="vsToggleElement" colspan="3" | {{{info}}} |- class="vsShow" ! style="background: #EFEFEF; width: 12em;" | 主格 | colspan="2" style="width: 10em;" | {{{nom|]=] .. (data.n or "s") .. [=[}}} |- class="vsShow" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 限定対格 | colspan="2" | {{{def|acc|]=] .. (data.n or "s") .. [=[}}} |- class="vsHide" style="background: #DEDEDE;" ! style="width: 12em;" | ! style="width: 10em;" | 単数 ! style="width: 10em;" | 複数 |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 主格 | {{{nom|s}}} | {{{nom|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 限定対格 | {{{def|acc|s}}} | {{{def|acc|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 与格 | {{{dat|s}}} | {{{dat|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 処格 | {{{loc|s}}} | {{{loc|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 奪格 | {{{abl|s}}} | {{{abl|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 属格 | {{{gen|s}}} | {{{gen|p}}}]=]) -- Possessive forms if data.has_poss then table.insert(wikicode, [=[ |- class="vsHide" | colspan="3" style="padding: 0;" | {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher" style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" |- style="background: #EFEFEF; text-align: left;" ! class="vsToggleElement" colspan="3" | 所有形 |- class="vsHide" style="background: #DEDEDE;" ! style="width: 12em;" | ! style="width: 10em;" | 単数 ! style="width: 10em;" | 複数 |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 1人称単数 | {{{1|s|poss|of the|s}}} | {{{1|s|poss|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 2人称単数 | {{{2|s|poss|of the|s}}} | {{{2|s|poss|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 3人称単数 | {{{3|s|poss|of the|s}}} | {{{3|s|poss|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 1人称複数 | {{{1|p|poss|of the|s}}} | {{{1|p|poss|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 2人称複数 | {{{2|p|poss|of the|s}}} | {{{2|p|poss|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 3人称複数 | {{{3|p|poss|of the|s}}} | {{{3|p|poss|of the|p}}} |}]=]) end -- Predicative forms if data.has_pred then table.insert(wikicode, [=[ |- class="vsHide" | colspan="3" style="padding: 0;" | {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher" style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" |- style="background: #EFEFEF; text-align: left;" ! class="vsToggleElement" colspan="3" | 叙述用法 |- class="vsHide" style="background: #DEDEDE;" ! style="width: 12em;" | ! style="width: 10em;" | 単数 ! style="width: 10em;" | 複数 |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 1人称単数 | {{{1|s|pred|of the|s}}} | {{{1|s|pred|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 2人称単数 | {{{2|s|pred|of the|s}}} | {{{2|s|pred|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 3人称単数 | {{{3|s|pred|of the|s}}} | {{{3|s|pred|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 1人称複数 | {{{1|p|pred|of the|s}}} | {{{1|p|pred|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 2人称複数 | {{{2|p|pred|of the|s}}} | {{{2|p|pred|of the|p}}} |- class="vsHide" ! style="background: #EFEFEF;" | 3人称複数 | {{{3|p|pred|of the|s}}} | {{{3|p|pred|of the|p}}} |}]=]) end table.insert(wikicode, "\n|}") return mw.ustring.gsub(table.concat(wikicode), "{{{([#!]?[a-z0-9| ]+)}}}", repl) .. require("モジュール:utilities").format_categories(data.categories, lang) end return export kity6nsy0p9p0v0fav9nx2gj4baeurc 0 281071 2280084 2032952 2026-06-07T03:25:10Z TAKA647 91604 2280084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|くぼ}} {{kanji header|部画=尸:3+6}} ===字源=== *[[会意文字|会意]]。「[[尸]]（[[しり|尻]]）」+「[[朱]]（[[あかい]]）」{{要出典}}。 **日本の[[国字]]とされてきたが、敦煌で発見された『天地陰陽交歓大楽賦』に同義で使われていることが発見された<ref>笹原宏之 著「国字（日本製漢字）と誤認されてきた唐代の漢字—供存文字に関する考察—」、沈国威、内田慶市 編『東アジア言語接触の研究』関西大学出版部〈関西大学東西学術研究所研究叢刊51〉、2016年2月</ref>。 ===意義=== #[[女性器]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|訓=くぼ,つび}} ==文字情報== {{文字コード|jis=2-08-16|mj={{mjmoji|034343}}|gb=9537E230|cns=10-3B67|全={{全字庫|670567}}}} {{字典|新潮漢字=2705|新字源=2425}} ==脚注== <references/> fty7tu3tf86792452jn16whllw3gh5x 2280137 2280084 2026-06-07T06:04:42Z M-30722 1202 2280137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|くぼ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|尸|6}} ===字源=== *[[会意文字|会意]]。「[[尸]]（[[しり|尻]]）」+「[[朱]]（[[あかい]]）」{{要出典}}。 **日本の[[国字]]とされてきたが、敦煌で発見された『天地陰陽交歓大楽賦』に同義で使われていることが発見された<ref>笹原宏之 著「国字（日本製漢字）と誤認されてきた唐代の漢字—供存文字に関する考察—」、沈国威、内田慶市 編『東アジア言語接触の研究』関西大学出版部〈関西大学東西学術研究所研究叢刊51〉、2016年2月</ref>。 ===意義=== #[[女性器]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|訓=くぼ,つび}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-08-16|mj={{mjmoji|034343}}|gb=9537E230|cns=10-3B67|全={{全字庫|670567}}}} {{字典|新潮漢字=2705|新字源=2425}} ==脚注== <references/> q5mh9tay5ytupupf1xsedx1llc174p1 0 283852 2280287 1690808 2026-06-07T11:20:11Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほしくさ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|ほしくさ}} #{{wagokanji of|ほしくさ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|gan1cao3|noun}} {{yue-cat|gon1chou2|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gāncǎo|z=n}} {{yue-pron|gon1 cou2|h=n}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|t=乾草}} #[[乾草]]。 l3fkyfcu7at77q2wrtb64n40mwgkgif 0 296627 2280012 1931135 2026-06-07T01:06:10Z ~2026-33587-47 131866 /* {{noun}} */ 2280012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はつばい}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|はつ|ばい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|はつばい|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||はつばい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|はつばい}} # 物を売り始めること。また物を売ること、[[販売]]。 #* そのころ[[わいせつ]]本の'''発売'''が[[禁止]]されたころであったが ([[w:佐藤春夫|佐藤春夫]]、思い出)〔1954年〕<ref>青空文庫（2018年12月24日作成）（底本：「定本　佐藤春夫全集　第24巻」臨川書店 2000（平成12）年2月10日初版発行 底本の親本：「山陰新報」 1954（昭和29）年7月9日発行 初出：「山陰新報」 1954（昭和29）年7月9日発行）https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001763/files/58824_66741.html 2020年6月28日参照。</ref> ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|はつばい}} {{日本語サ変活用}} == 参照 == {{Reflist}} gy97w3fx0u6v1p36inka0txlbctilp6 0 299383 2279901 1897447 2026-06-06T14:35:03Z M-30722 1202 2279901 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ru|hy}} {{m|ru|большеви́к}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|hy-E}}: {{IPA|[bɔlʃɛˈvik]|lang=hy}} * {{a|hy-W}}: {{IPA|[pʰɔlʃɛˈviɡ]|lang=hy}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hy|noun}} #{{context|politics|lang=hy}}{{wikipedia-s|ボリシェヴィキ}}。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hy-noun-ի-ներ|a=on}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hy|բոլշեւիզմ}} i9m8jjitr0h92kgkaci23jer1eo7cyj 0 303715 2280238 2120055 2026-06-07T09:44:46Z M-30722 1202 2280238 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ko}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|ko|살|찌다}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ko|verb}} #{{タグ|ko|自動詞}}{{おくりがな2|太|ふと|る|ふとる}}、[[肉]]が付く。 {{ko-conj/verb}} pvn8wdqk3bf1m0o98bet9vb6wmgapt9 0 313815 2280318 1931908 2026-06-07T11:40:56Z 歯科医療20260509 131815 /* {{ant}} */ 2280318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] ==={{adv}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{adv}}]] '''よごと'''【'''[[夜]][[毎]]'''】 #[[毎夜]]、[[毎晩]]、[[よなよな|夜な夜な]]。 ---- =={{L|ojp}}== [[Category:{{ojp}}]] ==={{noun}}・事柄=== [[Category:{{ojp}}_{{noun}}]] '''よごと'''【'''[[吉]][[事]]'''、'''[[善]]事'''、'''[[慶]]事'''】 # [[縁起]]が[[よい]]こと。[[めでたい]]こと。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{ふりがな|吉事|きちじ}} * {{ふりがな|慶事|けいじ}} ===={{ant}}==== * [[まがごと]] * [[まが]] ==={{noun}}・言葉=== '''よごと'''【'''[[寿]][[詞]]'''、'''[[吉]][[言]]'''】 #祝いや[[祈願]]の言葉・文章。[[賀詞]]。 #[[詩歌]]。 #[[天皇]]を寿ぐ（祝う）言葉。 qzo5bh0azkww5fflxsbblq6fpjyg788 0 319076 2280240 1617668 2026-06-07T09:46:46Z M-30722 1202 2280240 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|en|un-|armed}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|US}} {{IPA|lang=en|ˌʌnˈɑɹmd}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{en-adj|-}} #[[武器]]を持たない。[[非武装]]の。 #{{context|biology|lang=en}}[[防御]][[器官]]のない。 #{{context|obsolete|lang=en}}[[裸眼]]の。 ===アナグラム=== * {{anagrams|eng|a=ademnru|Mundare|duramen|manured|maunder|undream}} o5jt886duoua1x6g7i4pilipi9hglnn 0 323064 2279871 2179008 2026-06-06T14:12:10Z M-30722 1202 2279871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しんぎょう|じんきょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[震驚]]】震え驚くこと。 *【[[震恐]]】震え恐れること。 *【[[心境]]】その[[時点]]における[[こころ|心]]の[[状態]]。 *【[[信教]]】[[宗教]]を信じること。 *【[[神鏡]]】御神体として祀る鏡。 *【[[新教]]】キリスト教のプロテスタントの別称。 *【[[新京]]】[[満州国]]時代の[[長春]]。 60jfjxgf2ugzevymko6saw84serupmh 0 327413 2279860 1932791 2026-06-06T13:59:55Z M-30722 1202 2279860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|びしょう|ひじょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[卑小]]】取るに足らないちっぽけなこと。 *【[[卑称]]】[[自分]]や[[あいて|相手]]の[[地位]]や[[行動]]などについて[[卑小]]な[[ことば|言葉]]で[[呼称]]すること。そのような呼称。 *【[[飛翔]]】[[空中]]を飛ぶこと。 *【[[悲傷]]】痛ましい出来事に遭って[[こころから|心から]]悲しむこと。 cau60ybek36gashmsn7b1y1ligf5hdo 0 327414 2279858 1932792 2026-06-06T13:59:13Z M-30722 1202 2279858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ひしょう|ひじょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[媚笑]]】男の気を引くような笑い。 *【[[微笑]]】ほほえみ。 *【[[微小]]】[[非常]]に小さいこと。 *【[[微少]]】非常に少ないこと。 *【[[微傷]]】わずかな傷。 *【[[美称]]】褒め称えること。 *【[[美粧]]】美しく化粧すること。 *【[[眉睫]]】眉と睫毛。近い距離。 o01wajha6ldd60nf1od9s2kb71ok6vr 828 331511 2280150 2215251 2026-06-07T06:31:44Z M-30722 1202 エラーの文の日本語化 2280150 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local find = mw.ustring.find local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local len = mw.ustring.len local match = mw.ustring.match local sub = mw.ustring.sub local split = mw.text.split local gsplit = mw.text.gsplit local m_zh = require("Module:zh") local _m_zh_data = nil local hom_data = mw.loadData("Module:zh/data/cmn-hom") -- if not empty local function ine(var) if var == "" then return nil else return var end end local breve, hacek = mw.ustring.char(0x306), mw.ustring.char(0x30C) local decompose = mw.ustring.toNFD local function breve_error(text) if type(text) ~= "string" then return end text = decompose(text) if text:find(breve) then error('The pinyin text "' .. text .. '" contains a breve. Replace it with "' .. text:gsub(breve, hacek) .. '".', 2) end end local function m_zh_data() if _m_zh_data == nil then _m_zh_data = mw.loadData("モジュール:zh/data/cmn-tag") end; return _m_zh_data; end local py_detone = { ['ā'] = 'a', ['á'] = 'a', ['ǎ'] = 'a', ['à'] = 'a', ['ō'] = 'o', ['ó'] = 'o', ['ǒ'] = 'o', ['ò'] = 'o', ['ē'] = 'e', ['é'] = 'e', ['ě'] = 'e', ['è'] = 'e', ['ê̄'] = 'ê', ['ế'] = 'ê', ['ê̌'] = 'ê', ['ề'] = 'ê', ['ī'] = 'i', ['í'] = 'i', ['ǐ'] = 'i', ['ì'] = 'i', ['ū'] = 'u', ['ú'] = 'u', ['ǔ'] = 'u', ['ù'] = 'u', ['ǖ'] = 'ü', ['ǘ'] = 'ü', ['ǚ'] = 'ü', ['ǜ'] = 'ü', ['m̄'] = 'm', ['ḿ'] = 'm', ['m̌'] = 'm', ['m̀'] = 'm', ['n̄'] = 'n', ['ń'] = 'n', ['ň'] = 'n', ['ǹ'] = 'n', } local py_tone = { ['̄'] = '1', ['́'] = '2', ['̌'] = '3', ['̀'] = '4' } local tones = '[̄́̌̀]' function export.py_detone(f) local text = type(f) == 'table' and f.args[1] or f return mw.ustring.toNFC(gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD(text), tones, '')) end function export.py_transf(f) local text = type(f) == 'table' and f.args[1] or f return export.py_detone(text) .. export.tone_determ(text) end function export.tone_determ(f) local text = type(f) == 'table' and f.args[1] or f text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text) return py_tone[match(text, tones)] or '5' end function export.py_transform(text, detone, not_spaced) if type(text) == 'table' then text, detone, not_spaced = text.args[1], text.args[2], text.args[3] end if find(text, '​') then error("Pinyin contains the hidden character: ​ (U+200B). Please remove that character from the text.") end detone = ine(detone) not_spaced = ine(not_spaced) text = gsub(gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD(text), mw.ustring.toNFD('ê'), 'ê'), mw.ustring.toNFD('ü'), 'ü') if find(mw.ustring.lower(text), '[aeiouêü]' .. tones .. '[aeiou]?[aeiouêü]' .. tones .. '') and not not_spaced then error(("Missing apostrophe before null-initial syllable - should be \"%s\" instead."):format(gsub(text, '([aeiouêü]' .. tones .. '[aeiou]?)([aeiouêü]' .. tones .. ')', "%1'%2"))) end original_text = text text = gsub(text,'([aoeAOE])([iou])(' .. tones .. ')', '%1%3%2') text = gsub(text,'([iuü])(' .. tones .. ')([aeiou])', '%1%3%2') if text ~= original_text then error("Incorrect diacritic placement in Pinyin - should be \"".. text .. "\" instead.") end text = mw.ustring.lower(text) if not mw.ustring.find(text, tones) and text:find('[1-5]') then return gsub(text, '(%d)(%l)', '%1 %2') end text = gsub(text, "#", " #") if find(text, '[一不,.?]') then text = gsub(text, '([一不])$', {['一'] = ' yī', ['不'] = ' bù'}) text = gsub(text, '([一不])', ' %1 ') text = gsub(text, '([,.?])', ' %1 ') text = gsub(text, ' +', ' ') text = gsub(text, '^ ', '') text = gsub(text, ' $', '') text = gsub(text, '%. %. %.', '...') end text = gsub(text, "['%-]", ' ') text = gsub(text, '([aeiouêümn]' .. tones .. '?n?g?r?)([bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcsywr]h?)', '%1 %2') text = gsub(text, ' ([grn])$', '%1') text = gsub(text, ' ([grn]) ', '%1 ') if detone then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, tones, py_tone) text = gsub(text, '([1234])([^ ]*)', '%2%1') text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '([%lüê]) ', '%15 ') text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '([%lüê])$', '%15') end if not_spaced then text = gsub(text, ' ', '') end return mw.ustring.toNFC(text) end function export.py_ipa(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end if mw.ustring.find(text, ",") then local parts = {} for segment in text:gmatch("([^,]+)") do segment = segment:gsub("^%s+", ""):gsub("%s+$", "") table.insert(parts, export.py_ipa(segment)) end return table.concat(parts, " /, / ") end local ipa_initial = { ['b'] = 'p', ['p'] = 'pʰ', ['m'] = 'm', ['f'] = 'f', ['d'] = 't', ['t'] = 'tʰ', ['n'] = 'n', ['l'] = 'l', ['g'] = 'k', ['k'] = 'kʰ', ['h'] = 'x', ['ng'] = 'ŋ', ['j'] = 't͡ɕ', ['q'] = 't͡ɕʰ', ['x'] = 'ɕ', ['z'] = 't͡s', ['c'] = 't͡sʰ', ['s'] = 's', ['r'] = 'ʐ', ['zh'] = 'ʈ͡ʂ', ['ch'] = 'ʈ͡ʂʰ', ['sh'] = 'ʂ', [''] = '' } local ipa_initial_tl = { ['p'] = 'b̥', ['t'] = 'd̥', ['k'] = 'g̊', ['t͡ɕ'] = 'd͡ʑ̥', ['t͡s'] = 'd͡z̥', ['ʈ͡ʂ'] = 'ɖ͡ʐ̥' } local ipa_final = { ['yuanr'] = 'ɥɑɻ', ['iangr'] = 'jɑ̃ɻ', ['yangr'] = 'jɑ̃ɻ', ['uangr'] = 'wɑ̃ɻ', ['wangr'] = 'wɑ̃ɻ', ['yingr'] = 'iɤ̯̃ɻ', ['wengr'] = 'ʊ̃ɻ', ['iongr'] = 'jʊ̃ɻ', ['yongr'] = 'jʊ̃ɻ', ['yuan'] = 'ɥɛn', ['iang'] = 'jɑŋ', ['yang'] = 'jɑŋ', ['uang'] = 'wɑŋ', ['wang'] = 'wɑŋ', ['ying'] = 'iŋ', ['weng'] = 'wəŋ', ['iong'] = 'jʊŋ', ['yong'] = 'jʊŋ', ['ianr'] = 'jɑɻ', ['yanr'] = 'jɑɻ', ['uair'] = 'wɑɻ', ['wair'] = 'wɑɻ', ['uanr'] = 'wɑɻ', ['wanr'] = 'wɑɻ', ['iaor'] = 'jaʊ̯ɻʷ', ['yaor'] = 'jaʊ̯ɻʷ', ['üanr'] = 'ɥɑɻ', ['vanr'] = 'ɥɑɻ', ['angr'] = 'ɑ̃ɻ', ['yuer'] = 'ɥɛɻ', ['weir'] = 'wəɻ', ['wenr'] = 'wəɻ', ['your'] = 'jɤʊ̯ɻʷ', ['yinr'] = 'iə̯ɻ', ['yunr'] = 'yə̯ɻ', ['engr'] = 'ɤ̃ɻ', ['ingr'] = 'iɤ̯̃ɻ', ['ongr'] = 'ʊ̃ɻ', ['uai'] = 'waɪ̯', ['wai'] = 'waɪ̯', ['yai'] = 'jaɪ̯', ['iao'] = 'jɑʊ̯', ['yao'] = 'jɑʊ̯', ['ian'] = 'jɛn', ['yan'] = 'jɛn', ['uan'] = 'wän', ['wan'] = 'wän', ['üan'] = 'ɥɛn', ['van'] = 'ɥɛn', ['ang'] = 'ɑŋ', ['yue'] = 'ɥɛ', ['wei'] = 'weɪ̯', ['you'] = 'joʊ̯', ['yin'] = 'in', ['wen'] = 'wən', ['yun'] = 'yn', ['eng'] = 'ɤŋ', ['ing'] = 'iŋ', ['ong'] = 'ʊŋ', ['air'] = 'ɑɻ', ['anr'] = 'ɑɻ', ['iar'] = 'jɑɻ', ['yar'] = 'jɑɻ', ['uar'] = 'wɑɻ', ['war'] = 'wɑɻ', ['aor'] = 'aʊ̯ɻʷ', ['ier'] = 'jɛɻ', ['yer'] = 'jɛɻ', ['uor'] = 'wɔɻ', ['wor'] = 'wɔɻ', ['üer'] = 'ɥɛɻ', ['ver'] = 'ɥɛɻ', ['eir'] = 'əɻ', ['enr'] = 'əɻ', ['uir'] = 'wəɻ', ['unr'] = 'wəɻ', ['our'] = 'ɤʊ̯ɻʷ', ['iur'] = 'jɤʊ̯ɻʷ', ['inr'] = 'iə̯ɻ', ['ünr'] = 'yə̯ɻ', ['vnr'] = 'yə̯ɻ', ['yir'] = 'iə̯ɻ', ['wur'] = 'uɻʷ', ['yur'] = 'yə̯ɻ', ['yor'] = 'jɔɻ', ['io'] = 'jɔ', ['yo'] = 'jɔ', ['ia'] = 'jä', ['ya'] = 'jä', ['ua'] = 'wä', ['wa'] = 'wä', ['ai'] = 'aɪ̯', ['ao'] = 'ɑʊ̯', ['an'] = 'än', ['ie'] = 'jɛ', ['ye'] = 'jɛ', ['uo'] = 'wɔ', ['wo'] = 'wɔ', ['ue'] = 'ɥɛ', ['üe'] = 'ɥɛ', ['ve'] = 'ɥɛ', ['ei'] = 'eɪ̯', ['ui'] = 'weɪ̯', ['ou'] = 'oʊ̯', ['iu'] = 'joʊ̯', ['en'] = 'ən', ['in'] = 'in', ['un'] = 'wən', ['ün'] = 'yn', ['vn'] = 'yn', ['yi'] = 'i', ['wu'] = 'u', ['yu'] = 'y', ['mˋ'] = 'm̩', ['ng'] = 'ŋ̍', ['ňg'] = 'ŋ̍', ['ńg'] = 'ŋ̍', ['ê̄'] = 'ɛ', ['ê̌'] = 'ɛ', ['ar'] = 'ɑɻ', ['er'] = 'ɤɻ', ['or'] = 'wɔɻ', ['ir'] = 'iə̯ɻ', ['ur'] = 'uɻʷ', ['ür'] = 'yə̯ɻ', ['vr'] = 'yə̯ɻ', ['a'] = 'ä', ['e'] = 'ɤ', ['o'] = 'wɔ', ['i'] = 'i', ['u'] = 'u', ['ü'] = 'y', ['v'] = 'y', ['m'] = 'm̩', ['ḿ'] = 'm̩', ['n'] = 'n̩', ['ń'] = 'n̩', ['ň'] = 'n̩', ['ê'] = 'ɛ' } local ipa_null = { ['a'] = true, ['o'] = true, ['e'] = true, ['ê'] = true, ['ai'] = true, ['ei'] = true, ['ao'] = true, ['ou'] = true, ['an'] = true, ['en'] = true, ['er'] = true, ['ang'] = true, ['ong'] = true, ['eng'] = true, } local ipa_tl_ts = { ['1'] = '²', ['2'] = '³', ['3'] = '⁴', ['4'] = '¹', ['5'] = '¹' } local ipa_third_t_ts = { ['1'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹', ['3'] = '²¹⁴⁻³⁵', ['#3'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹', ['5'] = '²¹⁴', ['2'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹', ['1-2'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹', ['4-2'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹', ['4'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹', ['1-4'] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹¹' } local ipa_t_values = { ['4'] = '⁵¹', ['1-4'] = '⁵⁵⁻⁵¹', ['1'] = '⁵⁵', ['2'] = '³⁵', ['1-2'] = '⁵⁵⁻³⁵', ['4-2'] = '⁵¹⁻³⁵' } local tone = {} local tone_cat = {} text = gsub(export.py_transform(text), '[,.]', '') text = gsub(text, ' +', ' ') local p = split(text, " ") for i = 1, #p do tone_cat[i] = export.tone_determ(p[i]) p[i] = gsub(p[i], '.[̄́̌̀]?', py_detone) if p[i] == '一' then tone_cat[i] = (export.tone_determ(p[i+1]) == '4' or p[i+1] == 'ge') and '1-2' or '1-4' p[i] = 'yi' elseif p[i] == '不' then tone_cat[i] = (export.tone_determ(p[i+1]) == '4') and '4-2' or '4' p[i] = 'bu' end end tone_cat.length = #tone_cat local function get_initial_and_final_IPA(a, b, c) return a .. (ipa_initial[b] or error(("認識されない先頭: \"%s\""):format(b))) .. (ipa_final[c] or error(("認識されない末尾: \"%s\"。音節の切れ目のアポストロフィーは抜けていませんか？もしくは無効なピンインの語尾を使用（声調符号ではなく声調番号を入力している等）していませんか？"):format(c))) end for i, item in ipairs(p) do if ipa_null[item] then item = 'ˀ' .. item end item = gsub(item, '([jqx])u', '%1ü') if item == 'ng' then item = ipa_final['ng'] else item = gsub(item, '^(#?ˀ?)([bcdfghjklmnpqrstxz]?h?)(.+)$', get_initial_and_final_IPA) end item = gsub(item, '(ʈ?͡?[ʂʐ]ʰ?)ir', '%1ʐ̩ɻ') item = gsub(item, '(ʈ?͡?[ʂʐ]ʰ?)i', '%1ʐ̩') item = gsub(item, '(t?͡?sʰ?)ir', '%1z̩ɻ') item = gsub(item, '(t?͡?sʰ?)i', '%1z̩') item = gsub(item, 'ʐʐ̩', 'ʐ̩') item = gsub(item, 'ˀwɔ', 'ˀɔ') local curr_tone_cat, next_tone_cat = tone_cat[i], tone_cat[i+1] if curr_tone_cat == '5' then item = gsub(item, '^([ptk])([^͡ʰ])', function(a, b) return ipa_initial_tl[a] .. b end) item = gsub(item, '^([tʈ]͡[sɕʂ])([^ʰ])', function(a, b) return ipa_initial_tl[a] .. b end) item = gsub(item, 'ɤ$', 'ə') tone[i] = ipa_tl_ts[tone_cat[i-1]] or "" elseif curr_tone_cat == '3' then if p[i+1] and match(p[i+1], "#") then next_tone_cat = "#3" end if i == tone_cat.length then if i == 1 then tone[i] = '²¹⁴' else tone[i] = '²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾' end else tone[i] = ipa_third_t_ts[next_tone_cat] end elseif curr_tone_cat == '4' and next_tone_cat == '4' then tone[i] = '⁵¹⁻⁵³' elseif curr_tone_cat == '4' and next_tone_cat == '1-4' then tone[i] = '⁵¹⁻⁵³' elseif curr_tone_cat == '1-4' and next_tone_cat == '4' then tone[i] = '⁵⁵⁻⁵³' else tone[i] = ipa_t_values[curr_tone_cat] end p[i] = item .. tone[i] p[i] = gsub(p[i], "#", "") end return table.concat(p, " ") end function export.py_number_to_mark(text) local priority = { "a", "o", "e", "ê", "i", "u", "ü" } local toneMark = { ["1"] = "̄", ["2"] = "́", ["3"] = "̌", ["4"] = "̀", ["5"] = "", ["0"] = "", [""] = "" } local mark = toneMark[match(text, "[0-5]?$")] local toneChars = "[̄́̌̀]" text = gsub(text, "[0-5]?$", "") for _, letter in ipairs(priority) do text = gsub(text, letter, letter .. mark) if find(text, toneChars) then break end end return mw.ustring.toNFC(gsub(text, "i("..toneChars..")u", "iu%1")) end function export.py_zhuyin(text) local zhuyin_initial = { ['b'] = 'ㄅ', ['p'] = 'ㄆ', ['m'] = 'ㄇ', ['f'] = 'ㄈ', ['d'] = 'ㄉ', ['t'] = 'ㄊ', ['n'] = 'ㄋ', ['l'] = 'ㄌ', ['g'] = 'ㄍ', ['k'] = 'ㄎ', ['h'] = 'ㄏ', ['j'] = 'ㄐ', ['q'] = 'ㄑ', ['x'] = 'ㄒ', ['z'] = 'ㄗ', ['c'] = 'ㄘ', ['s'] = 'ㄙ', ['r'] = 'ㄖ', ['zh'] = 'ㄓ', ['ch'] = 'ㄔ', ['sh'] = 'ㄕ', [''] = '' } local zhuyin_final = { ['yuan'] = 'ㄩㄢ', ['iang'] = 'ㄧㄤ', ['yang'] = 'ㄧㄤ', ['uang'] = 'ㄨㄤ', ['wang'] = 'ㄨㄤ', ['ying'] = 'ㄧㄥ', ['weng'] = 'ㄨㄥ', ['iong'] = 'ㄩㄥ', ['yong'] = 'ㄩㄥ', ['uai'] = 'ㄨㄞ', ['wai'] = 'ㄨㄞ', ['yai'] = 'ㄧㄞ', ['iao'] = 'ㄧㄠ', ['yao'] = 'ㄧㄠ', ['ian'] = 'ㄧㄢ', ['yan'] = 'ㄧㄢ', ['uan'] = 'ㄨㄢ', ['wan'] = 'ㄨㄢ', ['üan'] = 'ㄩㄢ', ['ang'] = 'ㄤ', ['yue'] = 'ㄩㄝ', ['wei'] = 'ㄨㄟ', ['you'] = 'ㄧㄡ', ['yin'] = 'ㄧㄣ', ['wen'] = 'ㄨㄣ', ['yun'] = 'ㄩㄣ', ['eng'] = 'ㄥ', ['ing'] = 'ㄧㄥ', ['ong'] = 'ㄨㄥ', ['io'] = 'ㄧㄛ', ['yo'] = 'ㄧㄛ', ['ia'] = 'ㄧㄚ', ['ya'] = 'ㄧㄚ', ['ua'] = 'ㄨㄚ', ['wa'] = 'ㄨㄚ', ['ai'] = 'ㄞ', ['ao'] = 'ㄠ', ['an'] = 'ㄢ', ['ie'] = 'ㄧㄝ', ['ye'] = 'ㄧㄝ', ['uo'] = 'ㄨㄛ', ['wo'] = 'ㄨㄛ', ['ue'] = 'ㄩㄝ', ['üe'] = 'ㄩㄝ', ['ei'] = 'ㄟ', ['ui'] = 'ㄨㄟ', ['ou'] = 'ㄡ', ['iu'] = 'ㄧㄡ', ['en'] = 'ㄣ', ['in'] = 'ㄧㄣ', ['un'] = 'ㄨㄣ', ['ün'] = 'ㄩㄣ', ['yi'] = 'ㄧ', ['wu'] = 'ㄨ', ['yu'] = 'ㄩ', ['a'] = 'ㄚ', ['e'] = 'ㄜ', ['o'] = 'ㄛ', ['i'] = 'ㄧ', ['u'] = 'ㄨ', ['ü'] = 'ㄩ', ['ê'] = 'ㄝ', [''] = '' } local zhuyin_er = { ['r'] = 'ㄦ', [''] = '' } local zhuyin_tone = { ['1'] = '', ['2'] = 'ˊ', ['3'] = 'ˇ', ['4'] = 'ˋ', ['5'] = '˙', ['0'] = '˙' } if type(text) == 'table' then if text.args[1] == '' then text = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text else text = text.args[1] end end breve_error(text) text = gsub(text, "#", "") text = export.py_transform(text, true) text = gsub(text, '([jqx])u', '%1ü') text = gsub(text, '([zcs]h?)i', '%1') text = gsub(text, '([r])i', '%1') local function add_tone(syllable, tone) if tone == '5' then return zhuyin_tone[tone] .. syllable else return syllable .. zhuyin_tone[tone] end end local function fun1(a, b) return add_tone((({['ng'] = 'ㄫ', ['hm'] = 'ㄏㄇ'})[a] or a), b) end local function fun2(number) return add_tone('ㄏㄫ', number) end local function fun3(number) return add_tone('ㄦ', number) end local function fun4(a, b, c, d) return add_tone(zhuyin_initial[a] .. zhuyin_final[b], d) .. zhuyin_er[c] end local word = split(text, " ", true) for i, syllable in ipairs(word) do if find(syllable, '^[hn][mg][012345]$') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '^([hn][mg])([012345])$', fun1) elseif find(syllable, '^hng[012345]$') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '^hng([012345])$', fun2) elseif find(syllable, '^er[012345]$') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '^er([012345])$', fun3) else syllable = gsub(syllable, '^([bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcsr]?h?)([aeiouêüyw]?[aeioun]?[aeioung]?[ng]?)(r?)([012345])$', fun4) end if find(syllable, '[%l%d]') then error(("注音符号への変換に失敗しました: \"%s\"。無効なピンインの音節を使用していませんか？ハーチェクの代わりに短音記号を使用していますか？"):format(syllable)) end word[i] = syllable end text = gsub(table.concat(word, " "), ' , ', ', ') return text end function export.zhuyin_py(text) local zhuyin_py_initial = { ["ㄅ"] = "b", ["ㄆ"] = "p", ["ㄇ"] = "m", ["ㄈ"] = "f", ["ㄉ"] = "d", ["ㄊ"] = "t", ["ㄋ"] = "n", ["ㄌ"] = "l", ["ㄍ"] = "g", ["ㄎ"] = "k", ["ㄏ"] = "h", ["ㄐ"] = "j", ["ㄑ"] = "q", ["ㄒ"] = "x", ["ㄓ"] = "zh", ["ㄔ"] = "ch", ["ㄕ"] = "sh", ["ㄖ"] = "r", ["ㄗ"] = "z", ["ㄘ"] = "c", ["ㄙ"] = "s", [""] = "" } local zhuyin_py_final = { ['ㄚ'] = 'a', ['ㄛ'] = 'o', ['ㄜ'] = 'e', ['ㄝ'] = 'ê', ['ㄞ'] = 'ai', ['ㄟ'] = 'ei', ['ㄠ'] = 'ao', ['ㄡ'] = 'ou', ['ㄢ'] = 'an', ['ㄣ'] = 'en', ['ㄤ'] = 'ang', ['ㄥ'] = 'eng', ['ㄧ'] = 'i', ['ㄧㄚ'] = 'ia', ['ㄧㄛ'] = 'io', ['ㄧㄝ'] = 'ie', ['ㄧㄞ'] = 'iai', ['ㄧㄠ'] = 'iao', ['ㄧㄡ'] = 'iu', ['ㄧㄢ'] = 'ian', ['ㄧㄣ'] = 'in', ['ㄧㄤ'] = 'iang', ['ㄧㄥ'] = 'ing', ['ㄨ'] = 'u', ['ㄨㄚ'] = 'ua', ['ㄨㄛ'] = 'uo', ['ㄨㄞ'] = 'uai', ['ㄨㄟ'] = 'ui', ['ㄨㄢ'] = 'uan', ['ㄨㄣ'] = 'un', ['ㄨㄤ'] = 'uang', ['ㄨㄥ'] = 'ong', ['ㄩ'] = 'ü', ['ㄩㄝ'] = 'ue', ['ㄩㄝ'] = 'üe', ['ㄩㄢ'] = 'üan', ['ㄩㄣ'] = 'ün', ['ㄩㄥ'] = 'iong', ['ㄦ'] = 'er', ['ㄫ'] = 'ng', ['ㄇ'] = 'm', [''] = 'i' } local zhuyin_py_tone = { ["ˊ"] = "\204\129", ["ˇ"] = "\204\140", ["ˋ"] = "\204\128", ["˙"] = "", [""] = "\204\132" } if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end local word = split(text, " ", true) local function process_syllable(syllable) syllable = gsub(syllable, '^([ㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙ])([ˊˇˋ˙]?)$', '%1ㄧ%2') return gsub(syllable, '([ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌㄍㄎㄏㄐㄑㄒㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙ]?)([ㄧㄨㄩ]?[ㄚㄛㄜㄝㄞㄟㄠㄡㄢㄣㄤㄥㄦㄫㄧㄨㄩㄇ])([ˊˇˋ˙]?)(ㄦ?)', function(initial, final, tone, erhua) initial = zhuyin_py_initial[initial] final = zhuyin_py_final[final] if erhua ~= '' then final = final .. 'r' end if initial == '' then final = final:gsub('^([iu])(n?g?)$', function(a, b) return a:gsub('[iu]', {['i'] = 'yi', ['u'] = 'wu'}) .. b end) final = final:gsub('^(w?u)([in])$', 'ue%2') final = final:gsub('^iu$', 'iou') final = final:gsub('^([iu])', {['i'] = 'y', ['u'] = 'w'}) final = final:gsub('^ong', 'weng') final = gsub(final, '^ü', 'yu') end if initial:find('[jqx]') then final = gsub(final, '^ü', 'u') end local tone = zhuyin_py_tone[tone] if final:find('[ae]') then final = final:gsub("([ae])", "%1" .. tone) elseif final:find('i[ou]') then final = final:gsub("(i[ou])", "%1" .. tone) elseif final:find('[io]') then final = final:gsub("([io])", "%1" .. tone) else final = gsub(final, "^([wy]?)(.)", "%1" .. "%2" .. tone) end return initial .. final end) end for i, syllable in ipairs(word) do word[i] = process_syllable(syllable) end return mw.ustring.toNFC(table.concat(word, " ")) end function export.py_sort(text) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local text = gsub(text, ",.*$", "") local py_sort_final = { ["^ü$"] = "v", ["üe"] = "ve", } local text = gsub(export.py_transform(text, true), '[,%.]', '') local p = split(text, " ", true) local function process_syllable(initial, final, tone) for text, replace in pairs(py_sort_final) do final = gsub(final, text, replace) end local untoned = initial .. final return untoned .. tone end for i = 1, #p do p[i] = gsub(p[i], '^([bcdfghjklmnpqrstxz]?h?)(.+)([1-5])$', process_syllable) end return table.concat(p, "") end function export.py_wg(text) local py_wg_initial = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʻ", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʻ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʻ", ["j"] = "ch", ["q"] = "chʻ", ["x"] = "hs", ["z"] = "ts", ["c"] = "tsʻ", ["r"] = "j", ["zh"] = "ch", ["ch"] = "chʻ", } local py_wg_final = { ["^([yw]?)e([^ih])"] = "%1ê%2", ["^e$"] = "ê", ["([iy])an$"] = "%1en", ["(i?)ong"] = "%1ung", ["([iy])e$"] = "%1eh", ["[uü]e"] = "üeh", ["r$"] = "rh", ["^ê$"] = "eh", ["^i$"] = "i", ["yi$"] = "i", } local py_wg_syl = { ["(t?sʻ?)uo"] = "%1o", ["^([tnlcj]h?ʻ?)uo"] = "%1o", ["shi"] = "shih", ["ji"] = "jih", ["tsi"] = "tzŭ", ["tsʻi"] = "tzʻŭ", ["^si$"] = "ssŭ", ["^([kh]?ʻ?)ê$"] = "%1o", ["yên"] = "yen", ["you"] = "yu", ["^ih"] = "i", ["k(ʻ?)ui"] = "k%1uei" } if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local parts = mw.text.split(text, ",%s*") local results = {} for _, part in ipairs(parts) do local t = export.py_transform(part, true) t = gsub(t, '[%.]', '') t = gsub(gsub(t, ' +', ' '), '[一不]', {['一'] = 'yi1', ['不'] = 'bu4'}) t = gsub(t, '([jqxy])u', '%1ü') local p = split(t, " ", true) local function process_syllable(initial, final, tone) for text, replace in pairs(py_wg_final) do final = gsub(final, text, replace) end if (initial == "zh" or initial == "ch") and final == "i" then final = "ih" end local untoned = (py_wg_initial[initial] or initial) .. final for text, replace in pairs(py_wg_syl) do untoned = gsub(untoned, text, replace) end return untoned .. '^{' .. tone .. '}' end for i = 1, #p do p[i] = gsub(p[i], '^([bcdfghjklmnpqrstxz]?h?)(.+)([1-5])$', process_syllable) end table.insert(results, table.concat(p, " ")) end return table.concat(results, ", ") end local function temp_bg(text, bg) if bg == 'y' then return '<' .. text .. '>' end return text end local function make_bg(text, bg) if bg == 'y' then return '<span style="background-color:#F5DEB3">' .. text .. '</span>' else return text end end function export.py_gwoyeu(text, original_text) local initials = { ['b'] = 'b', ['p'] = 'p', ['m'] = 'm', ['f'] = 'f', ['d'] = 'd', ['t'] = 't', ['n'] = 'n', ['l'] = 'l', ['g'] = 'g', ['k'] = 'k', ['h'] = 'h', ['j'] = 'j', ['q'] = 'ch', ['x'] = 'sh', ['zh'] = 'j', ['ch'] = 'ch', ['sh'] = 'sh', ['r'] = 'r', ['z'] = 'tz', ['c'] = 'ts', ['s'] = 's', ['y'] = 'i', ['w'] = 'u', [''] = '' } local finals = { ['a'] = 'a', ['ai'] = 'ai', ['ao'] = 'au', ['an'] = 'an', ['ang'] = 'ang', ['e'] = 'e', ['ei'] = 'ei', ['ou'] = 'ou', ['en'] = 'en', ['eng'] = 'eng', ['o'] = 'o', ['ia'] = 'ia', ['iao'] = 'iau', ['ian'] = 'ian', ['iang'] = 'iang', ['ie'] = 'ie', ['iu'] = 'iou', ['in'] = 'in', ['ing'] = 'ing', ['i'] = 'i', ['ua'] = 'ua', ['uai'] = 'uai', ['uan'] = 'uan', ['uang'] = 'uang', ['uo'] = 'uo', ['ui'] = 'uei', ['un'] = 'uen', ['ong'] = 'ong', ['u'] = 'u', ['ɨ'] = 'y', ['üan'] = 'iuan', ['üe'] = 'iue', ['ün'] = 'iun', ['iong'] = 'iong', ['ü'] = 'iu', ['io'] = 'io', --erhua ['ar'] = 'al', ['air'] = 'al', ['aor'] = 'aul', ['anr'] = 'al', ['angr'] = 'angl', ['er'] = 'el', ['eir'] = 'eil', ['our'] = 'oul', ['enr'] = 'el', ['engr'] = 'engl', ['or'] = 'ol', ['iar'] = 'ial', ['iaor'] = 'iaul', ['ianr'] = 'ial', ['iangr'] = 'iangl', ['ier'] = 'iel', ['iur'] = 'ioul', ['inr'] = 'iel', ['ingr'] = 'iengl', ['ir'] = 'iel', ['uar'] = 'ual', ['uair'] = 'ual', ['uanr'] = 'ual', ['uangr'] = 'uangl', ['uor'] = 'uol', ['uir'] = 'ueil', ['unr'] = 'uel', ['ongr'] = 'ongl', ['ur'] = 'ul', ['ɨr'] = 'el', ['üanr'] = 'iual', ['üer'] = 'iuel', ['ünr'] = 'iul', ['iongr'] = 'iongl', ['ür'] = 'iuel', } if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end text = text:gsub(",", ", ") if text:find('^%s') or text:find('%s$') then error('invalid spacing') end local words = split(text, " ") local count = 0 for i, word in ipairs(words) do local uppercase if word:find('^%u') then uppercase = true else uppercase = false end word = export.py_transform(word, true, true) word = gsub(word, "([1-5])", "%1 ") word = gsub(word, " $", "") word = gsub(word, '([!-/:-@%[-`{|}~！-／：-＠［-｀｛-･])', ' %1 ') word = gsub(word, ' +', ' ') word = gsub(word, ' $', '') word = gsub(word, '^ ', '') local syllables = split(word, " ") for j, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do count = count + 1 if not find(syllable, '^[!-/:-@%[-`{|}~！-／：-＠［-｀｛-･]+$') then local current = sub(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, count, count) if find(current, '^[一七八不]$') then local exceptions = {['一'] = 'i', ['七'] = 'chi', ['八'] = 'ba', ['不'] = 'bu'} syllables[j] = exceptions[current] else local initial, final, tone = '', '', '' syllable = gsub(syllable, '([jqxy])u', '%1ü') syllable = gsub(syllable, '^([zcsr]h?)i(r?[1-5])$', '%1ɨ%2') if mw.ustring.find(syllable, '([bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcsryw]?h?)([iuü]?[aoeiɨuü][ioun]?g?r?)([1-5])') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '([bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcsryw]?h?)([iuü]?[aoeiɨuü][ioun]?g?r?)([1-5])', function(a, b, c) initial = initials[a] or error('Unrecognised initial:' .. a); final = finals[b] or error('Unrecognised final:' .. b); tone = c return (initial .. final .. tone) end) elseif not find(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, "[噷嗯哦呸哼唔呣姆嘸們欸誒M]") then error('Unrecognised syllable:' .. syllable) end local original = initial..final..tone if initial:find('^[iu]$') then final = initial .. final initial = '' end final = gsub(final, '([iu])%1', '%1') local len = len(initial) + len(final) local detone = initial..final local replace = detone local fullstop = false if tone == 5 or tone == '5' then fullstop = true if original_text then tone = split(export.py_transform(original_text, true), ' ')[count]:match('[1-5]') else tone = 1 end if tone == 5 or tone == '5' then tone = export.tone_determ(m_zh.py(current)) end end if tone == 1 or tone == '1' then if initial == 'l' or initial == 'm' or initial == 'n' or initial == 'r' then replace = initial .. 'h' .. sub(detone, 2, len) else replace = detone end elseif tone == 2 or tone == '2' then if not (initial == 'l' or initial == 'm' or initial == 'n' or initial == 'r') then if final:sub(1, 1) == 'i' or final:sub(1, 1) == 'u' then replace = gsub(detone, '[iu]', {['i'] = 'y', ['u'] = 'w'}, 1) if replace:sub(len, len) == 'y' or replace:sub(len, len) == 'w' then replace = gsub(replace, '[yw]$', {['y'] = 'yi', ['w'] = 'wu'}) end else replace = gsub(detone, '([aiueo]+)', '%1r') end else replace = detone end elseif tone == 3 or tone == '3' then if detone:find('^[iu]') then detone = detone:gsub('^[iu]', {['i'] = 'yi', ['u'] = 'wu'}) end if final:find('[aeiou][aeiou]') and not final:find('^[ie][ie]') and not final:find('^[uo][uo]') then replace = detone:gsub('[iu]', {['i'] = 'e', ['u'] = 'o'}, 1) else if final:find('[aoeiuy]') then replace = detone:gsub('[aoeiuy]', '%1%1', 1) else error('Unrecognised final:'..final) end end elseif tone == 4 or tone == '4' then if detone:find('^[iu]') then detone = detone:gsub('^[iu]', {['i'] = 'yi', ['u'] = 'wu'}) end if detone:find('[aeiou][iuln]g?$') then replace = detone:gsub('[iuln]g?$', {['i'] = 'y', ['u'] = 'w', ['l'] = 'll', ['n'] = 'nn', ['ng'] = 'nq'}) else replace = detone .. 'h' end replace = replace:gsub('yi([aeiou])', 'y%1') replace = replace:gsub('wu([aeiou])', 'w%1') end if fullstop then replace = '.' .. replace end syllables[j] = syllable:gsub(original, replace) end end end words[i] = table.concat(syllables, "") if uppercase then words[i] = gsub(words[i], '^%l', mw.ustring.upper) end end return table.concat(words, " ") end -- Converts Hanyu Pinyin into Tongyong Pinyin. function export.py_tongyong(text) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end text = text:gsub(",", ", ") local ty_tone = { ["1"] = "", ["2"] = "\204\129", ["3"] = "\204\140", ["4"] = "\204\128", ["5"] = "\204\138" } local function num_to_mark(syllable, tone) tone = ty_tone[tone] if tone ~= "" then if syllable:find('[aeê]') then syllable = syllable:gsub("([aeê])", "%1" .. tone) elseif syllable:find('o') then syllable = syllable:gsub("(o)", "%1" .. tone) elseif syllable:find('[iu]') then syllable = syllable:gsub("([iu])", "%1" .. tone) end end return syllable end local words = {} for word in gsplit(text, " ") do local cap = word:find("^[A-Z]") word = export.py_transform(word, true) local syllables = {} for syllable in gsplit(word, " ") do syllable = syllable:gsub("([zcs]h?)i", "%1ih") syllable = syllable:gsub("ü", "yu") syllable = syllable:gsub("([jqx])u", "%1yu") syllable = syllable:gsub("iu", "iou") syllable = syllable:gsub("ui", "uei") syllable = syllable:gsub("([wf])eng", "%1ong") syllable = syllable:gsub("wen", "wun") syllable = syllable:gsub("iong", "yong") syllable = syllable:gsub("^zh", "jh") syllable = syllable:gsub("^q", "c") syllable = syllable:gsub("^x", "s") syllable = #syllables ~= 0 and syllable:gsub("^([aeo])", "'%1") or syllable syllable = syllable:gsub("^([^1-5]+)([1-5])$", num_to_mark) table.insert(syllables, syllable) end word = table.concat(syllables, "") word = cap and word:gsub("^.", string.upper) or word table.insert(words, word) end return mw.ustring.toNFC(table.concat(words, " ")) end function export.py_format(text, cap, bg, simple, nolink) if cap == false then cap = nil end if bg == false then bg = 'n' else bg = 'y' end if simple == false then simple = nil end if nolink == false then nolink = nil end text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text) local phon = text local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local cat = '' local spaced = mw.ustring.toNFD(export.py_transform(text)) local space_count spaced, space_count = gsub(spaced, ' ', '@') local consec_third_count for _ = 1, space_count do spaced, consec_third_count = gsub(spaced, "([^@]+)̌([^#@]*)@([^#@]+̌)", function(a, b, c) return temp_bg(a..'́'..b, bg)..'@'..c end, 1) if consec_third_count > 0 then phon = gsub(spaced, '@', '') end end text = gsub(text, "#", "") phon = gsub(phon, "#", "") if title:find('一') and not text:find('一') and not simple then cat = cat .. '[[Category:Mandarin words containing 一 not undergoing tone sandhi]]' end if text:find('[一不]') and not simple then text = gsub(text, '[一不]$', {['一'] = 'yī', ['不'] = 'bù'}) phon = gsub(phon, '[一不]$', {['一'] = 'yī', ['不'] = 'bù'}) if find(text, '一') then if find(text, '一[^̄́̌̀]*[̄́̌]') then cat = cat .. '[[Category:Mandarin words containing 一 undergoing tone sandhi to the fourth tone]]' phon = gsub(phon, '一([^̄́̌̀]*[̄́̌])', function(a) return temp_bg('yì', bg) .. a end) text = gsub(text, '一([^̄́̌̀]*[̄́̌])', 'yī%1') end if find(text, '一[^̄́̌̀]*̀') or find(text, '一ge$') or find(text, '一ge[^nr]') then cat = cat .. '[[Category:Mandarin words containing 一 undergoing tone sandhi to the second tone]]' phon = gsub(phon, '一([^̄́̌̀]*̀)', function(a) return temp_bg('yí', bg) .. a end) phon = gsub(phon, '一ge', temp_bg('yí', bg) .. 'ge') text = gsub(text, '一([^̄́̌̀]*[̄́̌])', 'yī%1') end end if find(text, '不 ?[bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcsrwy]?h?[aeiou]*̀') then cat = cat .. '[[Category:Mandarin words containing 不 undergoing tone sandhi|2]]' phon = gsub(phon, '不( ?[bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcsrwy]?h?[aeiou]*̀)', function(a) return temp_bg('bú', bg) .. a end) end end text = gsub(text, '[一不]', {['一'] = 'yī', ['不'] = 'bù'}) text = gsub(text, '兒', function() return make_bg('r', bg) end) -- character is deleted phon = gsub(phon, '<([^>]+)>', '<span style="background-color:#F5DEB3">%1</span>') if not simple then if cap then text = gsub(text, '^%l', string.upper) phon = gsub(phon, '^%l', string.upper) end if not nolink then text = '[[' .. text .. ']]' end if '[[' .. gsub(phon, '[一不]', {['一'] = 'yī', ['不'] = 'bù'}) .. ']]' ~= text then phon = gsub(phon, '[一不]', {['一'] = 'yī', ['不'] = 'bù'}) text = text .. ' [Phonetic: ' .. phon .. ']' end if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText ~= 'Template' and not nolink then text = text .. cat end end return mw.ustring.toNFC(text) end function export.make_tl(original_text, tl_pos, bg, cap) if bg == false then bg = 'n' else bg = 'y' end local _, countoriginal = gsub(original_text, " ", " ") local spaced = export.py_transform(original_text) if sub(spaced, -1, -1) == ' ' then spaced = sub(spaced, 1, -2) end local _, count = gsub(spaced, " ", " ") local index = {} local start, finish local pos = 1 for i = 1, count, 1 do if i ~= 1 then pos = (index[i-1] + 1) end index[i] = mw.ustring.find(spaced, ' ', pos) end if tl_pos == 2 then start = index[count-1] - count + countoriginal + 2 finish = index[count] - count + countoriginal elseif tl_pos == 3 then start = index[count-2] - count + countoriginal + 3 finish = index[count-1] - count + countoriginal + 1 else start = count == 0 and 1 or (index[count] - count + countoriginal + 1) finish = -1 end local text = (sub(original_text, 1, start-1) .. make_bg(gsub(sub(original_text, start, finish), '.', py_detone), bg)) if finish ~= -1 then text = (text .. sub(original_text, finish+1, -1)) end if cap == true then text = gsub(text, '^%l', string.upper) end return text end function export.tag(first, second, third, fourth, fifth) local text = "(''" local tag = {} local tagg = first or "標準中国語" tag[1] = (second ~= '') and second or "標準中国語" tag[2] = (third ~= '') and third or nil tag[3] = (fourth ~= '') and fourth or nil tag[4] = (fifth ~= '') and fifth or nil text = text .. ((tagg == '') and table.concat(tag, ", ") or tagg) .. "'')" text = gsub(text, 'Standard Chinese', "[[w:標準中国語|標準中国語]]") text = gsub(text, 'Mainland', "[[w:普通話|普通話]]") text = gsub(text, 'Taiwan', "[[w:台湾国語|台湾国語]]") text = gsub(text, 'Beijing', "[[w:北京語|北京語]]") text = gsub(text, 'erhua', "[[w:児化|児化]]") text = gsub(text, 'Min Nan', "[[w:閩南語| 閩南語]]") text = gsub(text, 'shangkouzi', "''[[上口字|上口字]]''") return text end function export.straitdiff(text, pron_ind, tag) local conv_text = text for i = 1, #text do if m_zh_data().MT[sub(text, i, i)] then conv_text = 'y' end end if tag == 'tag' then conv_text = (conv_text == 'y') and m_zh_data().MT_tag[match(text, '[丁-丌与-龯㐀-䶵]')][pron_ind] or '' elseif pron_ind == 1 or pron_ind == 2 or pron_ind == 3 or pron_ind == 4 or pron_ind == 5 then local reading = {} for a, b in pairs(m_zh_data().MT) do reading[a] = b[pron_ind] if reading[a] then reading[a] = gsub(reading[a], "^([āōēáóéǎǒěàòèaoe])", "'%1") end end conv_text = gsub(text, '.', reading) text = gsub(text, "^'", "") text = gsub(text, " '", " ") if conv_text == text and tag == 'exist' then return nil end end conv_text = gsub(conv_text, "^'", "") return conv_text end function export.str_analysis(text, conv_type, other_m_vars) if type(text) == 'table' then text, conv_type = text.args[1], (text.args[2] or "") end local MT = m_zh_data().MT text = gsub(text, '=', '—') text = gsub(text, ',', '隔') text = gsub(text, '隔 ', ', ') if conv_type == 'head' or conv_type == 'link' then if find(text, '隔cap—') then text = gsub(text, '[一不]', {['一'] = 'Yī', ['不'] = 'Bù'}) end text = gsub(text, '[一不]', {['一'] = 'yī', ['不'] = 'bù'}) end local comp = split(text, '隔', true) local reading = {} local alternative_reading = {} local zhuyin = {} --[[ -- not used local param = { '1n', '1na', '1nb', '1nc', '1nd', 'py', 'cap', 'tl', 'tl2', 'tl3', 'a', 'audio', 'er', 'ertl', 'ertl2', 'ertl3', 'era', 'eraudio', '2n', '2na', '2nb', '2nc', '2nd', '2py', '2cap', '2tl', '2tl2', '2tl3', '2a', '2audio', '2er', '2ertl', '2ertl2', '2ertl3', '2era', '2eraudio', '3n', '3na', '3nb', '3nc', '3nd', '3py', '3cap', '3tl', '3tl2', '3tl3', '3a', '3audio', '3er', '3ertl', '3ertl2', '3ertl3', '3era', '3eraudio', '4n', '4na', '4nb', '4nc', '4nd', '4py', '4cap', '4tl', '4tl2', '4tl3', '4a', '4audio', '4er', '4ertl', '4ertl2', '4ertl3', '4era', '4eraudio', '5n', '5na', '5nb', '5nc', '5nd', '5py', '5cap', '5tl', '5tl2', '5tl3', '5a', '5audio', '5er', '5ertl', '5ertl2', '5ertl3', '5era', '5eraudio' } --]] if conv_type == '' then return comp[1] elseif conv_type == 'head' or conv_type == 'link' then for i, item in ipairs(comp) do if not find(item, '—') then if find(item, '[一-龯㐀-䶵]') then local M, T, t = {}, {}, {} for a, b in pairs(MT) do M[a] = b[1]; T[a] = b[2]; t[a] = b[3]; M[a] = gsub(M[a], "^([āōēáóéǎǒěàòèaoe])", "'%1") T[a] = gsub(T[a], "^([āōēáóéǎǒěàòèaoe])", "'%1") if t[a] then t[a] = gsub(t[a], "^([āōēáóéǎǒěàòèaoe])", "'%1") end end local mandarin = gsub(item, '.', M) local taiwan = gsub(item, '.', T) mandarin = gsub(mandarin, "^'", "") mandarin = gsub(mandarin, " '", " ") if conv_type == 'link' then return mandarin end taiwan = gsub(taiwan, "^'", "") taiwan = gsub(taiwan, " '", " ") local tt = gsub(item, '.', t) if find(text, 'cap—') then mandarin = gsub(mandarin, '^%l', mw.ustring.upper) taiwan = gsub(taiwan, '^%l', mw.ustring.upper) tt = gsub(tt, '^%l', mw.ustring.upper) end if tt == item then zhuyin[i] = export.py_zhuyin(mandarin, true) .. ', ' .. export.py_zhuyin(taiwan, true) reading[i] = mandarin .. ']], [[' .. taiwan else tt = gsub(tt, "^'", "") tt = gsub(tt, " '", " ") zhuyin[i] = export.py_zhuyin(mandarin, true) .. ', ' .. export.py_zhuyin(taiwan, true) .. ', ' .. export.py_zhuyin(tt, true) reading[i] = mandarin .. ']], [[' .. taiwan .. ']], [[' .. tt end else if conv_type == 'link' then return item end zhuyin[i] = export.py_zhuyin(item, true) reading[i] = item if len(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) == 1 and #mw.text.split(export.py_transform(item), " ") == 1 then alternative_reading[i] = "[[" .. export.py_transf(reading[i]) .. "|" .. mw.ustring.gsub(export.py_transf(reading[i]), '([1-5])', '^%1') .. "]]" end end if reading[i] ~= '' then reading[i] = '[[' .. reading[i] .. ']]' end reading[i] = gsub(reading[i], "#", "") end comp[i] = item if conv_type == 'link' then return comp[1] end end local id = m_zh.ts_determ(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) local accel if id == 'trad' then accel = '<span class="form-of pinyin-t-form-of transliteration-' .. m_zh.ts(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) elseif id == 'simp' then accel = '<span class="form-of pinyin-s-form-of transliteration-' .. m_zh.st(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) elseif id == 'both' then accel = '<span class="form-of pinyin-ts-form-of' end accel = accel .. '" lang="cmn" style="font-family: Consolas, monospace;">' local result = other_m_vars and "*: <small>(''[[普通話]]'')</small>\n*::" or "*:" result = result .. "<small>(''[[w:拼音|拼音]]'')</small>: " .. accel .. gsub(table.concat(reading, ", "), ", ,", ",") if alternative_reading[1] then result = result .. " (" .. table.concat(alternative_reading, ", ") .. ")" end result = result .. (other_m_vars and "</span>\n*::" or "</span>\n*:") result = result .. "<small>(''[[注音符号]]'')</small>: " .. '<span lang="zh-Bopo" class="Bopo">' .. gsub(table.concat(zhuyin, ", "), ", ,", ",") .. "</span>" return result elseif conv_type == '2' or conv_type == '3' or conv_type == '4' or conv_type == '5' then if not find(text, '隔') or (comp[tonumber(conv_type)] and find(comp[tonumber(conv_type)], '—')) then return '' else return comp[tonumber(conv_type)] end else for i = 1, #comp, 1 do local target = '^' .. conv_type .. '—' if find(comp[i], target) then text = gsub(comp[i], target, '') return text end end text = '' end return text end function export.homophones(pinyin) local text = '' if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == '' then local args = hom_data.list[pinyin] text = '<div style="visibility:hidden; float:left">^{<span style="color:#FFF">edit</span>}</div>' for i, term in ipairs(args) do if i > 1 then text = text .. "<br>" end if mw.title.new(term).exists and term ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text then local forms = { term } local content = mw.title.new(term):getContent() local template = match(content, "{{zh%-forms[^}]*}}") if template then local simp = match(template, "|s=([^|}])+") if simp then table.insert(forms, simp) end for tradVar in mw.ustring.gmatch(template, "|t[0-9]=([^|}])+") do table.insert(forms, tradVar) end for simpVar in mw.ustring.gmatch(template, "|s[0-9]=([^|}])+") do table.insert(forms, simpVar) end term = table.concat(forms, "／") end end text = text .. mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = "テンプレート:zh-l", args = { term, tr = "-" } } end text = text .. '[[カテゴリ:中国語 同音異義]]' end return text end local function erhua(word, erhua_pos, pagename) local title = split(pagename, '') local linked_title = '' local syllables = split(export.py_transform(word), ' ') local count = #syllables erhua_pos = find(erhua_pos, '[1-9]') and split(erhua_pos, ';') or { count } for _, pos in ipairs(erhua_pos) do pos = tonumber(pos) title[pos] = title[pos] .. '兒' syllables[pos] = syllables[pos] .. 'r' end local title = table.concat(title) if mw.title.new(title).exists then linked_title = ' (' .. m_zh.link(nil, nil, {title, tr='-'}) .. ')' end for i, syllable in pairs(syllables) do if i ~= 1 and mw.ustring.toNFD(syllable):find('^[aeiou]') then syllables[i] = "'" .. syllable end end word = table.concat(syllables, '') return (export.tag('', '', 'erhua') .. linked_title), word end export.erhua = erhua function export.make(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args return export.make_args(args) end function export.make_args(args) local pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local text = {} local reading = {args[1] or '', args[2] or '', args[3] or '', args[4] or '', args[5] or ''} args["1nb"] = ine(args["1nb"]) if reading[1] ~= '' then local title = export.tag((args["1n"] or ''), (args["1na"] or ''), (args["1nb"] or export.straitdiff(args[1], 1, 'tag')), (args["1nc"] or ''), (args["1nd"] or '')) local pinyin = export.straitdiff(reading[1], 1, '') table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, (args["py"] or ''), (args["cap"] or ''), (args["tl"] or ''), (args["tl2"] or ''), (args["tl3"] or ''), (args["a"] or args["audio"] or ''))) if args["er"] and args["er"] ~= '' then title, pinyin = erhua(pinyin, args["er"], pagename) table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, '', (args["cap"] or ''), (args["ertl"] or ''), (args["ertl2"] or ''), (args["ertl3"] or ''), (args["era"] or args["eraudio"] or ''), true)) end end if reading[2] ~= '' or export.straitdiff(reading[1], 2, 'exist') then if args["2nb"] and args["2nb"] ~= '' then tagb = args["2nb"] else tagb = export.straitdiff(args[1], 2, 'tag') end title = export.tag((args["2n"] or ''), (args["2na"] or ''), tagb, (args["2nc"] or ''), (args["2nd"] or '')) pinyin = (reading[2] ~= '') and reading[2] or export.straitdiff(reading[1], 2, '') table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, (args["2py"] or ''), (args["2cap"] or ''), (args["2tl"] or ''), (args["2tl2"] or ''), (args["2tl3"] or ''), (args["2a"] or args["2audio"] or ''), true)) table.insert(text, '[[Category:Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations|' .. (export.straitdiff(args[1], 1, '') or args[1]) .. ']]') if args["2er"] and args["2er"] ~= '' then title, pinyin = erhua(pinyin, args["2er"], pagename) table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, '', (args["2cap"] or ''), (args["2ertl"] or ''), (args["2ertl2"] or ''), (args["2ertl3"] or ''), (args["2era"] or args["2eraudio"] or ''), true)) end if reading[3] ~= '' or export.straitdiff(reading[1], 3, 'exist') then if args["3nb"] and args["3nb"] ~= '' then tagb = args["3nb"] else tagb = export.straitdiff(args[1], 3, 'tag') end title = export.tag((args["3n"] or ''), (args["3na"] or ''), tagb, (args["3nc"] or ''), (args["3nd"] or '')) if reading[3] ~= '' then pinyin = reading[3] else pinyin = export.straitdiff(reading[1], 3, '') end table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, (args["3py"] or ''), (args["3cap"] or ''), (args["3tl"] or ''), (args["3tl2"] or ''), (args["3tl3"] or ''), (args["3a"] or args["3audio"] or ''), true)) if args["3er"] and args["3er"] ~= '' then title, pinyin = erhua(pinyin, args["3er"], pagename) table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, '', (args["3cap"] or ''), (args["3ertl"] or ''), (args["3ertl2"] or ''), (args["3ertl3"] or ''), (args["3era"] or args["3eraudio"] or ''), true)) end if reading[4] ~= '' or export.straitdiff(reading[1], 4, 'exist') then if args["4nb"] and args["4nb"] ~= '' then tagb = args["4nb"] else tagb = export.straitdiff(args[1], 4, 'tag') end title = export.tag((args["4n"] or ''), (args["4na"] or ''), tagb, (args["4nc"] or ''), (args["4nd"] or '')) if reading[4] ~= '' then pinyin = reading[4] else pinyin = export.straitdiff(reading[1], 4, '') end table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, (args["4py"] or ''), (args["4cap"] or ''), (args["4tl"] or ''), (args["4tl2"] or ''), (args["4tl3"] or ''), (args["4a"] or args["4audio"] or ''), true)) if args["4er"] and args["4er"] ~= '' then title, pinyin = erhua(pinyin, args["4er"], pagename) table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, '', (args["4cap"] or ''), (args["4ertl"] or ''), (args["4ertl2"] or ''), (args["4ertl3"] or ''), (args["4era"] or args["4eraudio"] or ''), true)) end if reading[5] ~= '' or export.straitdiff(reading[1], 5, 'exist') then if args["5nb"] and args["5nb"] ~= '' then tagb = args["5nb"] else tagb = export.straitdiff(args[1], 5, 'tag') end title = export.tag((args["5n"] or ''), (args["5na"] or ''), tagb, (args["5nc"] or ''), (args["5nd"] or '')) if reading[5] ~= '' then pinyin = reading[5] else pinyin = export.straitdiff(reading[1], 5, '') end table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, (args["5py"] or ''), (args["5cap"] or ''), (args["5tl"] or ''), (args["5tl2"] or ''), (args["5tl3"] or ''), (args["5a"] or args["5audio"] or ''), true)) if args["5er"] and args["5er"] ~= '' then title, pinyin = erhua(pinyin, args["5er"], pagename) table.insert(text, export.make_table(title, pinyin, '', (args["5cap"] or ''), (args["5ertl"] or ''), (args["5ertl2"] or ''), (args["5ertl3"] or ''), (args["5era"] or args["5eraudio"] or ''), true)) end end end end end if (args["tl"] or '') .. (args["tl2"] or '') .. (args["tl3"] or '') .. (args["2tl"] or '') .. (args["2tl2"] or '') .. (args["2tl3"] or '') ~= '' then table.insert(text, '[[Category:Mandarin words containing toneless variants|' .. export.straitdiff(args[1], 1, '') .. ']]') end return table.concat(text) end function export.make_audio(args) local text, reading, pinyin = {}, {}, "" local audio = { args["a"] or args["audio"] or '', args["2a"] or args["2audio"] or '', args["3a"] or args["3audio"] or '', args["4a"] or args["4audio"] or '', args["5a"] or args["5audio"] or '', } for i=1,5 do reading[i] = args[i] or '' if i == 1 then pinyin = export.straitdiff(reading[1], 1, '') else pinyin = (reading ~= '') and reading[i] or export.straitdiff(reading[1], i, '') end pinyin = export.py_format(pinyin, false, false, true) add_audio(text, audio[i], pinyin) end return table.concat(text) end function add_audio(text, audio, pinyin) if audio and audio ~= "" then if audio == "y" then audio = string.format('zh-%s.ogg', pinyin) end table.insert(text, '\n*:: [[File:') table.insert(text, audio) table.insert(text, ']]') table.insert(text, '[[Category:Mandarin terms with audio links]]') end end function export.make_table(title, pinyin, py, cap, tl, tl2, tl3, a, novariety) py = ine(py);cap = ine(cap);tl = ine(tl);tl2 = ine(tl2);tl3 = ine(tl3);a = ine(a);novariety = ine(novariety) local text = {} local pinyin_simple_fmt = export.py_format(pinyin, false, false, true) local pinyin_simple_fmt_nolink = export.py_format(pinyin, false, false, true, true) if not novariety then table.insert(text, '* [[w:標準中国語|現代中国語]]') else table.insert(text, '<br>') end table.insert(text, '\n** <small>' .. title .. '</small>') local hom_found if hom_data.list[mw.ustring.lower(pinyin_simple_fmt)] then hom_found = true else hom_found = false table.insert(text, '^{<small><abbr title="Add Mandarin homophones"><span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("モジュール:zh/data/cmn-hom",{["action"]="edit"})) .. ' +]</span></abbr></small>}') end table.insert(text, "\n*** <small>''[[w:拼音|拼音]]''</small>: ") local id = m_zh.ts_determ(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) if id == 'trad' then table.insert(text, '<span class="form-of pinyin-t-form-of transliteration-') table.insert(text, m_zh.ts(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)) elseif id == 'simp' then table.insert(text, '<span class="form-of pinyin-s-form-of transliteration-') table.insert(text, m_zh.st(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)) else -- both table.insert(text, '<span class="form-of pinyin-ts-form-of') end table.insert(text, '" lang="cmn" style="font-family: Consolas, monospace;">') if py then table.insert(text, py) else if cap then table.insert(text, export.py_format(pinyin, true, true)) else table.insert(text, export.py_format(pinyin, false, true)) end if tl or tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, ' → ') if tl then tl_pos = 1 elseif tl2 then tl_pos = 2 elseif tl3 then tl_pos = 3 end if cap then table.insert(text, export.make_tl(export.py_format(pinyin, true, false, true, true), tl_pos, true, true)) else table.insert(text, export.make_tl(pinyin_simple_fmt_nolink, tl_pos, true)) end end if tl then table.insert(text, ' <small>(toneless final syllable variant)</small>') elseif tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, ' <small>(toneless variant)</small>') end end table.insert(text, "</span>\n*** <small>''[[w:注音符号|注音符号]]''</small>: ") table.insert(text, '<span lang="zh-Bopo" class="Bopo">') table.insert(text, export.py_zhuyin(pinyin_simple_fmt, true)) if tl or tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, ' → ') table.insert(text, export.py_zhuyin(export.make_tl(pinyin_simple_fmt_nolink, tl_pos, false), true)) end table.insert(text, '</span>') if tl then table.insert(text, ' <small>(toneless final syllable variant)</small>') elseif tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, ' <small>(toneless variant)</small>') end if len(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) == 1 then table.insert(text, "\n*** <small>''[[w:ウェード式|ウェード式]]''</small>: <code>") table.insert(text, export.py_wg(pinyin_simple_fmt)) table.insert(text, '</code>') end table.insert(text, "\n*** <small>''[[w:国語ローマ字|国語ローマ字]]''</small>: <code>") if tl or tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, export.py_gwoyeu(export.make_tl(pinyin_simple_fmt_nolink, tl_pos, false), pinyin_simple_fmt)) else table.insert(text, export.py_gwoyeu(pinyin_simple_fmt)) end table.insert(text, '</code>') table.insert(text, "\n*** <small>''[[w:通用拼音|通用拼音]]''</small>: <code>") if tl or tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, export.py_tongyong(export.make_tl(pinyin_simple_fmt_nolink, tl_pos, false), pinyin_simple_fmt)) else table.insert(text, export.py_tongyong(pinyin_simple_fmt)) end table.insert(text, '</code>') table.insert(text, '\n*** <small>[[w:国際音声記号|IPA]] ^{([[付録:中国語の発音表記|?]])}</small>: <span class="IPA">/') table.insert(text, export.py_ipa(pinyin)) if tl or tl2 or tl3 then table.insert(text, '/ → /') table.insert(text, export.py_ipa(export.make_tl(pinyin_simple_fmt_nolink, tl_pos, false))) end table.insert(text, '/</span>') -- if a then -- if a == 'y' then a = 'zh-' .. pinyin_simple_fmt .. '.ogg' end -- table.insert(text, '\n*** <div style="display:inline-block; position:relative; top:0.5em;">[[File:') -- table.insert(text, a) -- table.insert(text, ']]</div>[[Category:Mandarin terms with audio links]]') -- end if hom_found then table.insert(text, "\n*** <small>Homophones</small>: " .. '<table class="wikitable" style="width:15em;margin:0; position:left; text-align:center">' .. '<tr><th class="mw-customtoggle-cmnhom" style="color:#3366bb">[Show/Hide]</th></tr>' .. '<tr class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="mw-customcollapsible-cmnhom">' .. '<td>^{<div style="float: right; clear: right;"><span class="plainlinks">[') table.insert(text, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("モジュール:zh/data/cmn-hom", {["action"]="edit"}))) table.insert(text, ' edit]</span></div>}') table.insert(text, export.homophones(mw.ustring.lower(pinyin_simple_fmt))) table.insert(text, '</td></tr></table>') end return table.concat(text) end function export.py_pair(frame) local text = type(frame) == "table" and frame.args[1] or frame local parts = mw.text.split(text, ",") local result = {} for _, part in ipairs(parts) do part = mw.text.trim(part) local marked = export.py_transform(part) local numbered = export.py_transf(part) table.insert(result, string.format("[[%s]] (%s)", marked, numbered)) end return table.concat(result, ", ") end return export swdqa3i591nndzmb5gwqkxzledou1me 0 337946 2280188 1933457 2026-06-07T07:20:18Z Nekowokezuru 125841 2280188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょうみ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}・{{adverb}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょうみ]]|cat2=副詞}} #[[余分]]なものを[[はぶく|省い]]た[[実際]]の[[中身]]。また、その[[数量]]。 ## 特に、商品の使える/価値のある箇所。 ## （関西語から）[[本音]]を言う時の若者言葉。「[[正直]]なところ」の砕けた言い方。類語は[[ぶっちゃけ]]。 #[[掛け値]]のない実際の[[価格]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[実質]] *[[net weight]] jhvrs6difs637zqmhwl60q2pox5uttt 0 342530 2280172 1625124 2026-06-07T06:53:37Z M-30722 1202 2280172 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|丨|6}} {{kanji variants|帥}} ===意義=== #「[[帥]]」の[[同字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 09ejgkonrr1airq5pm7oq2hen95gk9c 0 344580 2279861 1934655 2026-06-06T14:00:09Z M-30722 1202 2279861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ひしょう|びしょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[非情]]】人としての思いやりがないさま。 *【[[非常]]】[[普段]]と異なること。差し迫った[[事態]]。 i9raicie42c5nu690q2xr14kk2ywylr 0 344758 2280008 2217579 2026-06-07T00:59:13Z ~2026-33587-47 131866 2280008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とっきょ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] {{jachar|特|許}}（とっきょ） #[[特定]]の人のために[[あたらしい|新しく]][[権利]]を[[設定]]すること。 #新しく[[考案]]された[[発明]]について、考案者に[[独占]]的、[[排他]]的に[[利用]]することを[[みとめる|認める]]こと。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[特許権]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|patent}}, {{t|en|license}} 3jep803wakpobbh937jxp4otwgm64kl 0 344928 2279947 2267828 2026-06-06T22:35:31Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2279947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|どとう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|ど|とう|yomi=kanon|alt=怒涛}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|どとう|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[どとう]]|reki=どたう}} #[[あれる|荒れ]][[くるう|狂う]][[おおきい|大きな]][[波]]。 #[[はげしい|激しい]][[いきおい|勢い]]で[[おしよせる|押し寄せたり]]、[[おしすすむ|押し進んだり]]するさま。 #*怒濤の反撃 #*（[[諧謔]]的）怒濤のギャグ30連発 ===={{rel}}==== *[[疾風怒濤]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|nu4tao1|noun}} {{yue-cat|nou6tou4|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|nùtāo|nùtáo}} {{yue-pron|nou6 tou4}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=怒涛}} #[[怒涛]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|노도}} #[[怒涛]]。 t1st291wfzq1m8llu8z80n73tqkjusv 0 349072 2279958 1936879 2026-06-06T23:47:37Z 鍼灸 112313 2279958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょにち}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}1=== {{ja-noun|[[しょにち]]|[[しょじつ]]}} #[[最初]]の[[ひ|日]]。特に[[興行]]などの最初の日。 #[[相撲]]で[[連敗]]していた[[力士]]が初めて[[勝ち星]]をとること。 #*初日が出る。初日を出す ==={{noun}}2=== '''初 日'''（[[はつひ]]） #[[元旦]]の[[太陽]]。 [[category:日中で意味が大きく異なる漢語]] ---- =={{zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|chu1ri4]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|chu1ri4]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|chūrì}}) #[[あさひ|朝日]]、[[旭日]]。 r7u9gqy7ejjkm8gebwhcj6impi1z94t 0 350357 2280269 1937046 2026-06-07T11:04:00Z 鍼灸 112313 2280269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふんどう}} =={{ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふんどう]]}} #物の[[目方]]を[[はかる]]際に[[おもさ|重さ]]の[[基準]]として[[使用]]する[[おもし|重し]]。 #[[貯蔵]]用として[[分銅]]の[[形]]をした[[金]]や[[銀]]などの[[塊]]。 ===={{trans}}==== 語義1 *{{en}}:[[weight]] =={{zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|fēngtóng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|feng1tong2|noun}} {{zhchars}} {{zh-ts||[[分铜]]}} #[[天秤]]でものの[[質量]]を量るために使う質量基準となる金属塊。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[砝碼]] 7hjy0rem14s4ypxb5pswuh3997ylzan 2280275 2280269 2026-06-07T11:11:19Z 鍼灸 112313 2280275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふんどう}} =={{ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふんどう]]|ふんどん}} #物の[[目方]]を[[はかる]]際に[[おもさ|重さ]]の[[基準]]として[[使用]]する[[おもし|重し]]。 #[[貯蔵]]用として[[分銅]]の[[形]]をした[[金]]や[[銀]]などの[[塊]]。 ===={{trans}}==== 語義1 *{{en}}:[[weight]] =={{zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|fēngtóng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|feng1tong2|noun}} {{zhchars}} {{zh-ts||[[分铜]]}} #[[天秤]]でものの[[質量]]を量るために使う質量基準となる金属塊。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[砝碼]] 329el4viwe35ur3fo2as0ebj6mka0l2 2280276 2280275 2026-06-07T11:11:53Z 鍼灸 112313 2280276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふんどう}} =={{ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふんどう]]|[[ぶんどう]]|ふんどん}} #物の[[目方]]を[[はかる]]際に[[おもさ|重さ]]の[[基準]]として[[使用]]する[[おもし|重し]]。 #[[貯蔵]]用として[[分銅]]の[[形]]をした[[金]]や[[銀]]などの[[塊]]。 ===={{trans}}==== 語義1 *{{en}}:[[weight]] =={{zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|fēngtóng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|feng1tong2|noun}} {{zhchars}} {{zh-ts||[[分铜]]}} #[[天秤]]でものの[[質量]]を量るために使う質量基準となる金属塊。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[砝碼]] ignorke8i0hlxozn0vnowh3mbqpb95q 0 350377 2280273 1647858 2026-06-07T11:09:44Z 鍼灸 112313 2280273 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|fēngtóng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|feng1tong2|noun}} {{zhchars}} {{zh-ts|[[分銅]]}} #[[天秤]]でものの[[質量]]を量るために使う質量基準となる金属塊。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[砝码]] maorm29jr4hsinmgsg0c11cj2j660qs 2280274 2280273 2026-06-07T11:09:58Z 鍼灸 112313 2280274 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|fēngtóng|z=n}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|feng1tong2|noun}} {{zhchars}} {{zh-ts|[[分銅]]}} #[[天秤]]でものの[[質量]]を量るために使う質量基準となる金属塊。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[砝码]] 210ycw7tqs88t7hy33g4wxaz6mvz0zh 0 352915 2280288 2168294 2026-06-07T11:20:11Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[かんそう]]}} #{{context|music|lang=ja}}　[[曲]]の途中に挿入される、[[楽器]]だけで[[演奏]]する部分。 #[[歌劇]]の幕間に演奏される曲。[[間奏曲]]。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|bridge}}, {{t|en|interlude}} ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|jian4zou4|noun|音楽}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jiānzòu}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=间奏}} #[[間奏曲]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|간주|cat2=音楽}} #（日本語に同じ）間奏。 n54atd1pdx3sazj0wep6w7ee2kzljun 0 352922 2280289 1652565 2026-06-07T11:20:11Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280289 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|jian4zou4|noun|音楽}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jiānzòu|z=n}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|t=間奏}} #[[間奏曲]]。 fogl55xbb7eptufh95u39tsihyb7jft 0 356557 2280069 1938300 2026-06-07T02:56:45Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2280069 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じめつ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}_サ変動詞]] {{jachar|自|滅}}（[[じめつ]]） #{{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[自然]]に[[ほろびる|滅びる]]こと。 #[[自分]]にした[[行為]]により自分が滅びること。 ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{verb}}]] {{日本語サ変活用}} ---- =={{zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|zi4mie4]] ==={{verb}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{verb}}|zi4mie4]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|zìmiè}} 簡体字:[[自灭]]) #自然に滅する。 ===={{idiom}}==== *[[自生自滅]] asz7bpiph3awzc17o8vkxplvn3bomc4 0 364039 2279881 2279097 2026-06-06T14:21:26Z M-30722 1202 2279881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しんせん|じんせん|じんぜん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[親善]]】親しみ仲良くすること。 *【[[神前]]】[[かみ|神]]、[[神霊]]の[[まえ|前]]。 *【[[浸染]]】次第に[[感化]]されること。 4qsxkyckbnkz98juvbsl12sqy0l7j9m 0 364616 2279924 2078999 2026-06-06T15:14:55Z 鍼灸 112313 2279924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そくしん|ぞくしん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[属人]]】: [[ひと|人]]を[[基本]]にして[[かんがえる|考える]]こと。 *【[[俗人]]】: [[出家]]していない[[世間]][[一般]]の人。 *【[[族人]]】: [[一族]]の[[ひとびと|人々]]。 *【[[俗塵]]】: [[俗世間]]の[[ちり|塵]]や[[わずらわしい|煩わしい]]こと。 gosnxv0z030ekgmy1rrm64dmxmdm0y2 0 365019 2280215 1678981 2026-06-07T09:12:24Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 /* {{noun}}2 */ 2280215 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}1=== {{ja-noun}}【[[計]]り、[[量]]り、[[測]]り】 #[[枡]]、[[秤]]、[[尺]]などで[[はかる]]こと。また、その量。 #{{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[思量]]。[[はからい]]。 #{{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[際限]]。 #{{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[めあて]]。 ==={{noun}}2=== {{ja-noun|秤|衡}} #{{context|measuring instrument|lang=ja}} 物の[[質量]]を測る[[器具]]の[[総称]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ja|動詞 活用形}} #「[[はかる]]」の連用形。 moc6lpw3s7cv94djs558idrybuf7x52 0 367042 2279883 2279096 2026-06-06T14:21:44Z M-30722 1202 2279883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しんせん|しんぜん|じんぜん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[人選]]】あることついて[[適当]]な[[ひと|人]]を選ぶこと。 *【[[陣扇]]】[[陣営]]で[[大将]]が[[軍]]を[[指揮]]するのに[[使用]]した[[おうぎ|扇]]。 t93sm4nww2ozqbt7ix6eup28f02cwoi 4 368019 2279934 2277297 2026-06-06T17:56:40Z Alexis Jazz 74905 Updating gadget usage statistics from [[Special:GadgetUsage]] ([[phab:T121049]]) 2279934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifexist:Project:GUS2Wiki/top|{{/top}}|This page provides a historical record of [[Special:GadgetUsage]] through its page history. To get the data in CSV format, see wikitext. To customize this message or add categories, create [[/top]].}} 以下のデータはキャッシュされており、最終更新日時は 2026-06-04T15:20:11Z です。最大 {{PLURAL:5000|1|5000}} 件の結果がキャッシュされます。 {| class="sortable wikitable" ! ガジェット !! data-sort-type="number" | 利用者の数 !! data-sort-type="number" | 活動中の利用者 |- |Blackskin || 7 || 0 |- |CollapseExpandAll || 18 || 0 |- |Navigation popups || 111 || 4 |- |SortLanguages || 13 || 2 |- |UTCLiveClock || 75 || 1 |- |edittop || 84 || 4 |- |exlinks || 74 || 2 |- |removeAccessKeys || 10 || 0 |- |supruby || 7 || 0 |- |wikEd || 44 || 0 |} * [[特別:GadgetUsage]] * [[m:Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] <!-- data in CSV format: Blackskin,7,0 CollapseExpandAll,18,0 Navigation popups,111,4 SortLanguages,13,2 UTCLiveClock,75,1 edittop,84,4 exlinks,74,2 removeAccessKeys,10,0 supruby,7,0 wikEd,44,0 --> oo27tkicklbnfw9myo35a8fvb5qfssb 0 370682 2280286 1943211 2026-06-07T11:20:10Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[かんそう]]}} #[[乾燥]]させた[[くさ|草]]。[[ほしくさ|干し草]]。 #*{{quote-book|ja|author=室生犀星|title=ヒッポドロム|year=1922年|text=わたしは無心でいつも{{ルビ|秣|まぐさ}}をたべている老齢者めいた駱駝が、同じ口つきで、ほんの少しずつの、味いのすくないとも思われる'''乾草'''を拾い拾いして食うているのを、かなりぼんやりした焦点のない心もちで眺めていた。|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001579/card60540.html}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|gan1cao3|noun}} {{yue-cat|gon1chou2|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gāncǎo}} {{yue-pron|gon1 cou2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=干草}} #（日本語に同じ）乾草。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{zh-l|焦草}} {{q|{{nan}}}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|건초}} #（日本語に同じ）完走。 3wu7c44jh8xazfun87wrbskqyp8qga0 0 370684 2280291 1943213 2026-06-07T11:20:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんそう}} {{also|觀相|观相}} =={{L|ja}}== [[category:日中で意味が大きく異なる漢語]] ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かんそう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[かんそう]]}} #人の[[容貌]]や[[体格]]、[[手相]]などを見て、その人の性質や[[運命]]などを判断すること。 ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} dae47mcq67nd6lgkl44ap2dv1cd9huo 0 370696 2280308 2041314 2026-06-07T11:31:39Z M-30722 1202 2280308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かんそう|かんぞう|がんぞう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[含嗽]]・[[含漱]]】うがい。 *【[[岩相]]】岩の断面に現れる性質。 *【[[岩窓]]】岩に窓のように開いた穴。 4312cqs5wf2jthwuqdxg6wpvt9h23kl 0 379482 2280133 1910994 2026-06-07T06:01:38Z M-30722 1202 2280133 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|弓|0}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|正字通}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} rmo1iowc4evcnc1t7l46lcocvao9xgy 0 379484 2280134 1910995 2026-06-07T06:01:58Z M-30722 1202 2280134 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|弓|2}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[古字]]（『說文長箋』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} n3f8jl6872xbbsjbtcoc7wp2yw39ku9 0 380756 2280103 1975224 2026-06-07T05:43:05Z M-30722 1202 2280103 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|斤|4}} {{kanji variants|斬=[[繁体字]]}} ===意義=== #刀などで[[きる|切る]]。 #[[きわだつ]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhan3|動詞|hsk=丁|常=1|簡=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''':zhǎn（zhan3） *** '''[[ウェード式]]''':chan³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''':jaam2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': chám, cháⁿ ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': cāng ** '''[[閩北語]]''' *** '''[[KCR]]''': cǎng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': chám ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': tsae2 ** '''[[贛語]]''': zan3 ** '''[[湘語]]''': zan3 ==={{verb}}=== #[[斬首]]する。 #{{ふりがな|相手|あいて}}に{{おくりがな2|勝|か|つ|かつ}}、{{おくりがな2|倒|たお|す|たおす}}。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} *[[倉頡入力法]] : 大手竹一中 (KQHML) olrizejle4pnj3w6g2ib94cmkmkxvca 0 382762 2279995 1946983 2026-06-07T00:46:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 2279995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|半圓|半圆}} =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんえん}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|はんえん|acc=h|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はんえん}} #{{context|shape|lang=ja}}[[円]]を[[直径]]で二分した[[半分]]。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{T|ast}}: {{t|ast|semicírculu|m}} *{{T|az}}: {{t|az|yarımdairə}} *{{T|hy}}: {{t+|hy|կիսաշրջան}} *{{T|it}}: {{t+|it|semicerchio|m}} *{{T|cy}}: {{t|cy|hanner cylch|m}} *{{T|uk}}: {{t|uk|півко́ло|n}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|semicircle}} *{{T|et}}: {{t|et|poolring}} *{{T|oc}}: {{t|oc|semicercle|m}} *{{T|ca}}: {{t+|ca|semicercle|m}} *{{T|gl}}: {{t+|gl|semicírculo|m}} *{{T|el}}: {{t+|el|ημικύκλιο|n}} **{{T|grc}}: {{t|grc|ἡμικύκλιον|n}} *{{T|sa}}: {{t+|sa|वृत्तार्ध}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t+|sv|halvcirkel|c}} *{{T|es}}: {{t+|es|semicírculo|m}} *{{T|th}}: {{t+|th|ครึ่งวงกลม}} *{{T|tl}}: {{t|tl|hatimbilog}}, {{t|tl|balinugnog}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|půlkruh|m}} *{{T|zh}}: {{zh-l|半圓}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t+|ko|반원(半圓)}} *{{T|de}}: {{t+|de|Halbkreis|m}} *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nn}}: {{t|nn|halvsirkel|m}} *:{{T|nb}}: {{t|nb|halvsirkel|m}} *{{T|hu}}: {{t+|hu|félkör}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t+|fi|puoliympyrä}} *{{T|fo}}: {{t|fo|hálvringur|m}}, {{t|fo|hálvsirkul|m}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t+|fr|demi-cercle|m}} *{{T|bg}}: {{t|bg|полукръг}} *{{T|he}}: {{t|he|חצי עיגול|m|tr=khatsí igúl|alt=חֲצִי עִגּוּל}} *{{T|be}}: {{t|be|паўкру́г|m}}, {{t|be|паўко́ла|n}} *{{T|fa}}: {{t+|fa|نیمدایره|tr=nimdâyere}}, {{t|fa|نیمگرد|tr=nimgerd}} *{{T|bn}}: {{t+|bn|অর্ধবৃত্ত}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t+|pl|półkole|n}}, {{t|pl|półokrąg|m}} *{{T|pt}}: {{t+|pt|semicírculo|m}} *{{T|alt}}: {{t|alt|јарым тегерик}}, {{t|alt|јарымдай тегерик}} *{{T|lo}}: {{t|lo|ເຄິ່ງວົງກົມ}} *{{T|la}}: {{t|la|sēmicirculus|m}}, {{t|la|hēmicyclium|n}} *{{T|ro}}: {{t+|ro|semicerc|n}} *{{T|rue}}: {{t|rue|піл'коля}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t+|ru|полукру́г|m}} {{trans-bottom}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} 93w1ldlw6g2s3ia61cb9e7mgnxfgm36 0 399477 2279996 1953057 2026-06-07T00:46:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 2279996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんえんけい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|はんえんけい|acc=h|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はんえんけい}} #[[円]]を[[半分]]にした[[形状]]。[[半円]]の形状。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|半円}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} ahbdfvv0me53bwa92ahu14fwpw8p1el 828 401015 2280319 2278538 2026-06-07T11:42:05Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280319 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] --[=[ TERMINOLOGY: -- "slot" = A particular combination of case/number. Example slot names for nouns are "gen_s" (genitive singular) and "voc_p" (vocative plural). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms. -- "form" = The declined Czech form representing the value of a given slot. -- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Czech term. Generally the nominative masculine singular, but may occasionally be another form if the nominative masculine singular is missing. ]=] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Finish synthesize_singular_lemma(). [DONE] 2. Implement feminines in -ea, -oa/-ua, -ia, -oe. [DONE] 3. Implement "mixed" masculine nouns in -l, -n, -t (each different, also inanimate vs. animate). [DONE] 4. Allow 'stem:' override after vowel-final words like [[centurio]]. [DONE using decllemma:] 5. Support masculine foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es. [DONE] 6. Support masculine foreign nouns in -ius/-etc. [DONE] 7. Support masculine foreign nouns in unpronounced final -e (e.g. [[software]]). [DONE] 8. Support neuter foreign nouns in -um/-on. [DONE] 9. Support neuter foreign nouns in -ium/-ion. [DONE] 10. Support paired body parts, e.g. [[ruka]], [[noha]], [[oko]], [[ucho]], [[koleno]], [[rameno]]. [WON'T DO; JUST SEPARATE THE MEANINGS AND GIVE THEM DIFFERENT DECLENSIONS] 11. Support masculine nouns in -e/ě that are neuter in the plural. [DONE] 12. Correctly handle -e vs. -ě, e.g. soft neuters have both [[kutě]] and [[poledne]]. [DONE] 13. Always use specified lemma in nom_pl and maybe acc_pl when plurale tantum. [DONE] 14. Support feminine nouns in -ca/-ča/-ša/-ža. [DONE] 15. Support feminine nouns in -ja/-ňa. [DONE] 16. Support mixed i-stem feminine nouns. [DONE] 17. Support "c as k" feminine nouns like [[ayahuasca]]. 18. Support 'declgender'. [DONE] 19. Support pronouns with clitics. [DONE] 20. Singular-only and plural-only terms should not have number in accelerator form. [DONE] 21. Support [[úterý]] (like neuters in -í). [DONE] 22. Support feminines in -i ([[máti]], [[pramáti]]). [DONE] 23. Support foreign nouns in -ie ([[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]]). [DONE] 24. Support foreign nouns in -í ([[muftí]], [[qádí]]). [DONE] 25. Support manual declensions. [DONE] 26. Support numerals. [DONE] 27. Allow for reducible spec in pluralia tantum and dereduce accordingly; also automatically assign reducibility if singular stem ends in -Ck or -Cc. [DONE] 28. Use `pos` value in all categories. 29. Support determiners [[kolik]], [[tolik]], [[několik]], [[mnoho]]. [DONE] 30. Support a '.velar' indicator for foreign names whose pronunciation but not spelling ends in a velar: [[Remarque]], [[Braque]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]], [[Jake]] with vocative 'Remarquu', 'Braquu', 'Mikeu', 'Drakeu', 'Jakeu'. In general we need more thought around such foreign names; essentially, for names in a silent e, sometimes the -e is dropped in all oblique forms (e.g. [[Shakespeare]], [[Pierre]], [[Barrande]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Braque]], [[Remarque]] with gen sg 'Shakespeara', 'Pierra', Barranda', 'La Fontaina', 'Braqua', 'Remarqua') and sometimes it's kept in all oblique forms except those ending in an -e, where -ee is avoided (e.g. [[Pete]], [[Gable]], [[Jake]], [[White]], [[Byrne]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]] with gen sg 'Petea', 'Gablea' etc. and voc sg 'Pete', 'Gable' but 'Jakeu', 'Mikeu'). Sometimes there are doublets, e.g. [[Hubble]] and [[Hume]] have gen sg 'Hubbla/Hubblea' (where the second form is used among astronomers in a technical sense and the first form may be more popular) and 'Huma/Humea'. We already have a '.foreign' indicator that when applied to a noun ending in -e drops the -e in oblique forms e.g. for [[software]]. We may need to combine this with an explicit indicator of hard, soft or velar as there will be names with silent -e and preceding soft consonant e.g. [[Bruce]], [[Coleridge]]. Note that when the -e is kept it is still dropped before front vowels, hence dat sg 'Bruci'/Bruceovi'. Need some investigation in IJP and cswikt. ]=] local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("cs") local m_table = require("モジュール:table") local m_links = require("モジュール:links") local m_string_utilities = require("モジュール:string utilities") local iut = require("モジュール:inflection utilities") local put = require("モジュール:parse utilities") local m_para = require("モジュール:parameters") local com = require("モジュール:cs-common") local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local NAMESPACE = current_title.nsText local PAGENAME = current_title.text local u = mw.ustring.char local rsplit = mw.text.split local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rgmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local ulen = mw.ustring.len local usub = mw.ustring.sub local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local force_cat = false -- set to true to make categories appear in non-mainspace pages, for testing -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end local function track(track_id) require("モジュール:debug/track")("cs-noun/" .. track_id) return true end local output_noun_slots = { nom_s = "nom|s", nom_s_linked = "nom|s", gen_s = "gen|s", gen_s_linked = "gen|s", clitic_gen_s = "clitic|gen|s", dat_s = "dat|s", clitic_dat_s = "clitic|dat|s", acc_s = "acc|s", clitic_acc_s = "clitic|acc|s", voc_s = "voc|s", loc_s = "loc|s", ins_s = "ins|s", nom_p = "nom|p", nom_p_linked = "nom|p", gen_p = "gen|p", dat_p = "dat|p", acc_p = "acc|p", voc_p = "voc|p", loc_p = "loc|p", ins_p = "ins|p", } local function get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) -- FIXME: To save memory we modify the table in-place. This won't work if we ever end up with multiple calls to -- this module in the same Lua invocation, and we would need to clone the table. if alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "both" then for slot, accel_form in pairs(output_noun_slots) do output_noun_slots[slot] = accel_form:gsub("|[sp]$", "") end end return output_noun_slots end local potential_lemma_slots = {"nom_s", "nom_p", "gen_s"} local cases = { nom = true, gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, voc = true, loc = true, ins = true, } local clitic_cases = { gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, } local function dereduce(stem) local dereduced_stem = com.dereduce(stem) if not dereduced_stem then error("Unable to dereduce stem '" .. stem .. "'") end return dereduced_stem end --[=[ Maybe modify the stem and/or ending in certain special cases: 1. Final -e in vocative singular triggers first palatalization of the stem in some cases (e.g. hard masc). 2. Endings beginning with ě, i, í trigger second palatalization, as does -e in the loc_s. NOTE: Correctly handling -e vs. -ě and -tdn/-ťďň alternations is tricky. We have to deal with the following: 1. Soft-stem and t-stem neuters can have either -e or -ě. With coronals we have both [[poledne]] "noon" with /n/ and [[kutě]] "bed" with /ť/. We also have soft-stem neuter [[Labe]] with /b/ vs. t-stem neuter [[hříbě]] with /bj/. 2. Underlying palatal coronals maintain their nature before back vowels and when not followed by a vowel, e.g. [[štěně]] "puppy" becomes 'štěňata' in the nom/acc/voc plural and [[přítelkyně]] "girlfriend" becomes 'přítelkyň' in the gen plural, but underlying palatal labials become non-palatal, e.g. [[hříbě]] "foal" becomes 'hříbata' in the nom/acc/voc plural. 3. There are at least four types of endings beginning with '-e': a. "maintaining" endings, e.g. instrumental singular '-em', which do not change the nature of the consonant, e.g. [[zákon]] "law" becomes 'zákonem' while [[vězeň]] "prisoner" becomes 'vězeněm'; b. "palatalizing" endings, e.g. locative singular '-e', which palatalizes t/d/n (and more generally applies the Slavic second palatalization, e.g. k -> c, r -> ř), e.g. [[žena]] "woman" becomes 'ženě'; c. "depalatalizing" endings, e.g. feminine i-stem dative plural '-em', which actively depalatalize ť/ď/ň, e.g. [[oběť]] "sacrifice, victim" becomes 'obětem'; d. vocative singular '-e' of hard-stem masculines, which applies the Slavic first palatalization in some circumstances (e.g. k -> č, Cr -> Cř, sometimes c -> č). The way we handle this as follows: 1. We maintain the underlying stems always in their "pronounced" form, i.e. if the last consonant is pronounced ť/ď/ň we maintain the stem in that form, but if pronounced t/d/n, we use those consonants. Hence neuter [[poledne]] "noon" has stem 'poledn-' but neuter [[štěně]] "puppy" has stem 'štěň'. If the stem ends in labial + /j/, we use a special TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL character after the labial (rather than 'j', in case of stems that actually have a written 'j' in them such as [[banjo]]). 2. We signal types (a), (b) and (c) above using respectively 'e', 'ě' and 'E'. Type (d) uses 'e' and sets `base.palatalize_voc`. 3. In combine_stem_ending(), we convert the stem back to the written form before adding the ending. If the ending begins with -e, this may entail converting -e to -ě, and in all cases -E is converted to -e. "Converting to the written form" converts ť/ď/ň to plain equivalents and deletes TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL before -e, converting -e to -ě with such consonants. The same conversions happen before other front consonants -ě/-é/-i/-í, which don't allow ť/ď/ň to precede, and in all cases with TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL, which is not an actual consonant. 4. If the ending is specified using -ě, this is maintained after plain coronals and labials in combine_stem_ending(), and converted to -e in other cases. 5. Applying the first and second palatalization happens below in apply_special_cases(). ]=] local function apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) local palatalize_voc if slot == "voc_s" and ending == "e" and base.palatalize_voc then local palstem = com.apply_first_palatalization(stem) -- According to IJP, nouns ending in -Cr palatalize in the vocative, but those in -Vr don't. In reality, -- though, it's more complex. It appears that animate nouns in -Cr tend to palatalize but inanimate nouns -- do it optionally. Specifics: -- -- Inanimate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed second): [[alabastr]], [[amfiteátr]], [[barometr]], -- [[centilitr]], [[centrimetr]], [[decilitr]], [[decimetr]], [[Dněstr]], [[filtr]], [[galvanometr]], -- [[hektolitr]], [[kalorimetr]], [[litr]], [[lustr]], [[manometr]], [[manšestr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both -- animate and inanimate), [[mikrometr]], [[miliampérmetr]], [[mililitr]], [[nanometr]], [[orchestr]], -- [[parametr]], [[piastr]], [[půllitr]], [[radiometr]], [[registr]], [[rotmistr]], [[semestr]], [[skútr]], -- [[spirometr]], [[svetr]], [[šutr]], [[tachometr]], [[titr]], [[vítr]] (NOTE: has í-ě alternation), -- [[voltmetr]]; [[bagr]], [[bunkr]], [[cedr]], [[Dněpr]], [[fofr]], [[habr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hadr]] -- (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hamr]], [[kafr]], [[kepr]], [[kopr]], [[koriandr]], [[krekr]], [[kufr]], -- [[Kypr]], [[lágr]], [[lógr]], [[manévr]], [[masakr]], [[okr]], [[oleandr]], [[pulovr]], [[šlágr]], -- [[vichr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[žánr]] -- -- -- Inanimate nouns that don't palatalize: [[ampérmetr]], [[anemometr]], [[sfygmomanometr]], [[sfygmometr]]; -- [[dodekaedr]], [[Hamr]], [[ikozaedr]], [[kvádr]], [[sandr]], [[torr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns that palatalize: [[arbitr]], [[bratr]], [[ekonometr]], [[foniatr]], [[fotr]], [[geometr]], -- [[kmotr]], [[lotr]], [[magistr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both animate and inanimate), [[ministr]], [[mistr]], -- [[pediatr]], [[Petr]], [[psychiatr]], [[purkmistr]], [[setr]], [[šamstr]]; [[bobr]], [[fajnšmekr]], -- [[humr]], [[hypochondr]], [[kapr]], [[lídr]], [[negr]], [[obr]], [[salamandr]], [[sólokapr]], [[švagr]], -- [[tygr]], [[zlobr]], [[zubr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed first): [[Silvestr]]; [[Alexandr]], [[snajpr]] -- -- Note the inconsistencies, e.g. [[sfygmomanometr]] and [[ampérmetr]] don't palatalize but [[manometr]] and -- [[miliampérmetr]] do it optionally. In reality, inanimate vocatives are extremely rare so this may not be the -- final word. if base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") and not rfind(stem, "rr$") then -- optional r -> ř stem = {stem, palstem} else stem = palstem end elseif rfind(ending, "^[ěií]") or slot == "loc_s" and ending == "e" then if rfind(stem, "ck$") and rfind(base.lemma, "ck$") then -- IJP says nouns in -ck (back, comeback, crack, deadlock, hatchback, hattrick, joystick, paperback, quarterback, -- rock, soundtrack, track, truck) simplify the resulting -cc ending in the loc_p to -c. Similarly [[quarterback]] -- has nom_pl 'quarterbaci, quarterbackove'. We need to check the lemma as well because nouns in -cek don't do this. stem = rsub(stem, "ck$", "k") end -- loc_s of hard masculines is sometimes -e/ě; the user might indicate this as -e, which we should handle -- correctly stem = com.apply_second_palatalization(stem) end return stem, ending end local function skip_slot(number, slot) return number == "sg" and rfind(slot, "_p$") or number == "pl" and rfind(slot, "_s$") end -- Basic function to combine stem(s) and ending(s) and insert the result into the appropriate slot. `stems` is either -- the `stems` object passed into the declension functions (containing the various stems; see below) or a string to -- override the stem. (NOTE: If you pass a string in as `stems`, you should pass the value of `stems.footnotes` as the -- value of `footnotes` as it will be lost otherwise. If you need to supply your own footnote in addition, use -- iut.combine_footnotes() to combine any user-specified footnote(s) with your footnote(s).) `endings` is either a -- string specifying a single ending or a list of endings. If `endings` is nil, no forms are inserted. If an ending is -- "-", the value of `stems` is ignored and the lemma is used instead as the stem; this is important in case the user -- used `decllemma:` to specify a declension lemma different from the actual lemma, or specified '.foreign' (which has -- a similar effect). local function add(base, slot, stems, endings, footnotes) if not endings then return end if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then return end local stems_footnotes = type(stems) == "table" and stems.footnotes or nil footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, stems_footnotes), footnotes) if type(endings) == "string" then endings = {endings} end for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Compute the stem. If ending is "-", use the lemma regardless. Otherwise if `stems` is a string, use it. -- Otherwise `stems` is an object containing four stems (vowel-vs-non-vowel cross regular-vs-oblique); -- compute the appropriate stem based on the slot and whether the ending begins with a vowel. local stem if ending == "-" then stem = base.user_specified_lemma ending = "" elseif type(stems) == "string" then stem = stems else local is_vowel_ending = rfind(ending, "^" .. com.vowel_c) if stems.oblique_slots == "all" or (stems.oblique_slots == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique") and slot == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique" and (slot == "ins_s" or slot == "dat_p" or slot == "loc_p" or slot == "ins_p") then if is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.oblique_vowel_stem else stem = stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem end elseif is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.vowel_stem else stem = stems.nonvowel_stem end end -- Maybe apply the first or second Slavic palatalization. stem, ending = apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) ending = iut.combine_form_and_footnotes(ending, footnotes) local function combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) return com.combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stem, ending, combine_stem_ending) end end local function process_slot_overrides(base, do_slot) for slot, overrides in pairs(base.overrides) do if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then error("Override specified for invalid slot '" .. slot .. "' due to '" .. base.number .. "' number restriction") end if do_slot(slot) then base.slot_overridden[slot] = true base.forms[slot] = nil for _, override in ipairs(overrides) do for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do local form = value.form local combined_notes = iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, value.footnotes) if override.full then if form ~= "" then iut.insert_form(base.forms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = combined_notes}) end else -- Convert a null ending to "-" in the acc/voc sg slots so that e.g. [[Kerberos]] declared as -- <m.sg.foreign.gena:u.acc-:a> works correctly and generates accusative 'Kerberos/Kerbera' not -- #'Kerber/Kerbera'. if (slot == "acc_s" or slot == "voc_s") and form == "" then form = "-" end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do add(base, slot, stems, form, combined_notes) end end end end end end end local function add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nom_p, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) if base.number == "pl" then -- If this is a plurale tantum noun and we're processing the nominative plural, use the user-specified lemma -- rather than generating the plural from the synthesized singular, which may not match the specified lemma -- (e.g. [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" using <m.pl.mixed> would try to generate 'tvargle/tvargly', and [[peníze]] -- "money" using <m.pl.#ě.genpl-> would try to generate 'peněze'). local acc_p_like_nom = m_table.deepEquals(nom_p, acc_p) nom_p = "-" if acc_p_like_nom then acc_p = "-" end end add(base, "nom_p", stems, nom_p, footnotes) add(base, "gen_p", stems, gen_p, footnotes) add(base, "dat_p", stems, dat_p, footnotes) add(base, "acc_p", stems, acc_p, footnotes) add(base, "loc_p", stems, loc_p, footnotes) add(base, "ins_p", stems, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, footnotes) end local function add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "-", gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, gen_s, clitic_gen_s, dat_s, clitic_dat_s, acc_s, clitic_acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes, no_nom_s ) if not no_nom_s then add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) end add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_gen_s", stems, clitic_gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_dat_s", stems, clitic_dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_acc_s", stems, clitic_acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) end local function handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) local function is_non_derived_slot(slot) return slot ~= "voc_p" and slot ~= "acc_s" and slot ~= "clitic_acc_s" end local function is_derived_slot(slot) return not is_non_derived_slot(slot) end base.slot_overridden = {} -- Handle overrides for the non-derived slots. Do this before generating the derived -- slots so overrides of the source slots (e.g. nom_p) propagate to the derived slots. process_slot_overrides(base, is_non_derived_slot) -- Generate the remaining slots that are derived from other slots. if not base.pron and not base.det then -- Pronouns don't have a vocative (singular or plural). iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_p", base.forms.nom_p) end if not base.forms.acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "gen_s"]) end if not base.forms.clitic_acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.clitic_acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "clitic_acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "clitic_gen_s"]) end -- Handle overrides for derived slots, to allow them to be overridden. process_slot_overrides(base, is_derived_slot) -- Compute linked versions of potential lemma slots, for use in {{cs-noun}}. -- We substitute the original lemma (before removing links) for forms that -- are the same as the lemma, if the original lemma has links. for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot .. "_linked", iut.map_forms(base.forms[slot], function(form) if form == base.orig_lemma_no_links and rfind(base.orig_lemma, "%[%[") then return base.orig_lemma else return form end end)) end end -- Table mapping declension types to functions to decline the noun. The function takes two arguments, `base` and -- `stems`; the latter specifies the computed stems (vowel vs. non-vowel, singular vs. plural) and whether the noun -- is reducible and/or has vowel alternations in the stem. Most of the specifics of determining which stem to use -- and how to modify it for the given ending are handled in add_decl(); the declension functions just need to generate -- the appropriate endings. local decls = {} -- Table specifying additional properties for declension types. Every declension type must have such a table, which -- specifies which category or categories to add and what annotation to show in the title bar of the declension table. -- -- * Only the `cat` property of this table is mandatory; there is also a `desc` property to specify the annotation, but -- this can be omitted and the annotation will then be computed from the `cat` property. The `cat` property is either -- a string, a list of strings or a function (of two arguments, `base` and `stems` as above) returning a string or -- list of strings. The string can contain the keywords GENDER to substitute the gender (and animacy for masculine -- nouns) and POS (to substitute the pluralized part of speech). The keyword GENPOS is equivalent to 'GENDER POS'. If -- no keyword is present, ' GENPOS' is added onto the end. If only GENDER is present, ' POS' is added onto the end. -- In all cases, the language name is added onto the beginning to form the full category name. -- * The `desc` property is of the same form as the `cat` property and specifies the annotation to display in the title -- bar (which may have the same format as the category minus the part of speech, or may be abbreviated). The value -- may not be a list of strings, as only one annotation is displayed. If omitted, it is derived from the category -- spec(s) by taking the last category (if more than one is given) and removing ' POS' before keyword substitution. local declprops = {} -- Return the default masculine animate nominative plural ending(s) given `base` and `stems`. This is called for hard -- and soft masculines ending in a consonant, but not for nouns ending in a vowel, which have their own defaults -- (particularly nouns in -a, where -ista/-ita/-asta behave differently from other nouns in -a). local function default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) return -- [monosyllabic words: Dánové, Irové, králové, mágové, Rusové, sokové, synové, špehové, zběhové, zeťové, manové, danové -- (but Žid → Židé, Čech → Češi).] -- There are too many exceptions to this to make a special rule. It is better to use -- the overall default of -i and require that cases with -ove, -ove/-i, -i/-ove, etc. use overrides. -- com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) and "ové" or -- terms in -cek/-ček; order of -ové vs. -i sometimes varies: -- [[fracek]] (ové/i), [[klacek]] (i/ové), [[macek]] (ové/i), [[nácek]] (i/ové), [[prcek]] (ové/i), [[racek]] (ové/i); -- [[bazilišek]] (i/ové), [[černoušek]] (i/ové), [[drahoušek]] (ové/i), [[fanoušek]] (i/ové), [[františek]] (an/inan, -- ends in -i/-y but not -ové), [[koloušek]] (-i only), [[kulíšek]] (i/ové), [[oříšek]] (i/ové), [[papoušek]] (-i only), -- [[prášek]] (i/ové), [[šašek]] (i/ové). -- make sure to check `stems` as we don't want to include non-reducible words in -cek/-ček/-šek (but do want to include -- [[quarterback]], with -i/-ové) rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[cčš]k$") and {"i", "ové"} or -- barmani, gentlemani, jazzmani, kameramani, narkomani, ombudsmani, pivotmani, rekordmani, showmani, supermani, toxikomani rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*man$") and "i" or -- terms ending in -an after a palatal or a consonant that doesn't change when palatalized, i.e. labial or l (but -man -- forms -mani unless in a proper noun): Brňan → Brňané, křesťan → křesťané, měšťan → měšťané, Moravan → Moravané, -- občan → občané, ostrovan → ostrované, Pražan → Pražané, Slovan → Slované, svatebčan → svatebčané, venkovan → venkované, -- Australan → Australané; some late formations pluralize this way but don't have a palatal consonant preceding the -an, -- e.g. [[pohan]], [[Oděsan]]; these need manual overrides rfind(base.lemma, "[" .. com.inherently_soft .. com.labial .. "l]an$") and {"é", "i"} or -- most now can also take -i -- proper names: Baťové, Novákové, Petrové, Tomášové, Vláďové; exclude demonyms (but include surnames) rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and (base.surname or not rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$")) and "ové" or -- demonyms: [[Albánec]], [[Gruzínec]], [[Izraelec]], [[Korejec]], [[Libyjec]], [[Litevec]], [[Němec]], [[Portugalec]] rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c .. ".*[eě]c$") and "i" or -- From here on down, we're dealing only with lowercase terms. -- buditelé, budovatelé, čekatelé, činitelé, hostitelé, jmenovatelé, pisatelé, ručitelé, velitelé, živitelé rfind(base.lemma, ".*tel$") and "é" or -- nouns in -j: čaroděj → čarodějové, lokaj → lokajové, patricij → patricijové, plebej → plebejové, šohaj → šohajové, žokej → žokejové -- nouns in -l: apoštol → apoštolové, břídil → břídilové, fňukal → fňukalové, hýřil → hýřilové, kutil → kutilové, -- loudal → loudalové, mazal → mazalové, škrabal → škrabalové, škudlil → škudlilové, vyvrhel → vyvrhelové, žvanil → žvanilové -- (we excluded those in -tel above) rfind(base.lemma, ".*[jl]$") and "ové" or -- archeolog → archeologové, biolog → biologové, geolog → geologové, meteorolog → meteorologové rfind(base.lemma, ".*log$") and "ové" or -- dramaturg → dramaturgové, chirurg → chirurgové rfind(base.lemma, ".*urg$") and "ové" or -- fotograf → fotografové, geograf → geografové, lexikograf → lexikografové rfind(base.lemma, ".*graf$") and "ové" or -- bibliofil → bibliofilové, germanofil → germanofilové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fil$") and "ové" or -- rusofob → rusofobové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fob$") and "ové" or -- agronom → agronomové, ekonom → ekonomové rfind(base.lemma, ".*nom$") and "ové" or "i" end decls["hard-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Nouns ending in hard -c, e.g. [[hec]] "joke", [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", don't palatalize. base.palatalize_voc = not rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "c$") base.hard_c = true local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- See [https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=360] on declension of toponyms. local toponym = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) -- Some toponyms take -a in the genitive singular, e.g. toponyms in -ín ([[Zlín]], [[Jičín]], [[Berlín]]); -- -ýn ([[Hostýn]], [[Londýn]]); -ov ([[Havířov]]); and -ev ([[Bezdrev]]), as do some others, e.g. domestic -- [[Beroun]], [[Brandýs]], [[Náchod]], [[Tábor]] and foreign [[Betlém]] "Bethlehem", [[Egypt]], -- [[Jeruzalém]] "Jerusalem", [[Milán]] "Milan", [[Řím]] "Rome", [[Rýn]] "Rhine". Also some transferred from -- common nouns e.g. ([[Nový]]) [[Kostel]], ([[Starý]]) [[Rybník]]. local toponym_gen_a = toponym and (rfind(base.lemma, "[íý]n$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[oe]v$")) -- Toponyms in -ík (Mělník, Braník, Rakovník, Lipník) seem to fluctuate between gen -a and -u. Also some in -- ‑štejn, ‑berg, ‑perk, ‑burk, ‑purk (Rabštejn, Heidelberg, Kašperk, Hamburk, Prešpurk) and some others: -- Zbiroh, Kamýk, Příbor, Zábřeh, Žebrák, Praděd. local toponym_gen_a_u = toponym and rfind(base.lemma, "ík$") -- Toponyms that take -a in the genitive singular tend to take -ě in the locative singular; so do those in -- -štejn (Rabštejn), -hrad (Petrohrad), -grad (Volgograd). local toponym_loc_e = toponym and (toponym_gen_a or rfind(base.lemma, "štejn$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[gh]rad$")) -- Toponyms in -ík seem to fluctuate between loc -ě and -u. local toponym_loc_e_u = toponym_gen_a_u -- Inanimate gen_s in -a other than toponyms in -ín/-ýn/-ev/-ov (e.g. [[zákon]] "law", [[oběd]] "lunch", [[kostel]] "church", -- [[dnešek]] "today", [[leden]] "January", [[trujúhelník]] "triangle") needs to be given manually, using '<gena>'. local gen_s = toponym_gen_a and "a" or toponym_gen_a_u and {"a", "u"} or base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or "a" -- Animates with dat_s only in -u (e.g. [[člověk]] "person", [[Bůh]] "God") need to give this manually, -- using '<datu>'. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} -- Inanimates with loc_s in -e/ě other than certain toponyms (see above) need to give this manually, using <locě>, but -- it will trigger the second palatalization automatically. local loc_s = toponym_loc_e and "ě" or toponym_loc_e_u and {"ě", "u"} or dat_s -- Velar-stem animates with voc_s in -e (e.g. [[Bůh]] "God", voc_s 'Bože'; [[člověk]] "person", voc_s 'člověče') -- need to give this manually using <voce>; it will trigger the first palatalization automatically. local voc_s = velar and "u" or "e" -- 'e' will trigger first palatalization in apply_special_cases() -- Nom_p in -i will trigger second palatalization in apply_special_cases(). local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "y" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- Per IJP and Janda and Townsend: -- * loc_p in -ích is currently the default for velars but not otherwise; it will automatically trigger the second -- palatalization (e.g. [[práh]] "threshold", loc_p 'prazích'). Otherwise, -ích needs to be given manually using -- <locplích>, e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel"; likewise for loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate"), using <locplách>. -- * Inanimate hard nouns in -c normally have -ech: [[hec]] "joke", [[tác]] "tray", [[truc]], [[kec]], [[frc]], -- [[flanc]], [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", [[pokec]] "chat". -- In the IJP tables, inanimate reducible nouns in -ček (and most in -cek, although there are many fewer; also some -- in -žek, but in this case it's too inconsistent to make the default) regularly have both -ích and -ách in the -- locative plural, while similar animate nouns only have -ích. This applies even to nouns like [[háček]] and -- [[koníček]] that can be either animate or inanimate. Make sure to exclude nouns in -ck such as [[comeback]] and -- [[joystick]], which have only -ích. local loc_p = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "[cč]ek$") and rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "[cč]k$") and {"ích", "ách"} or velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", -- loc_p in -ích not after velar stems (e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel") needs to be given manually -- using <locplích>; it will automatically trigger the second palatalization; loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate") also needs to be given manually using <locplách> nom_p, "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["hard-m"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * Animate in -ius: génius, nuncius, nonius (breed of horse), notárius, ordinárius, patricius, primárius, -- pronuncius, various names -- * Animate in -eus: farizeus, basileus, pygmeus ([[skarabeus]] inflects hard in the plural), various names -- * Inanimate in -ius: nonius (measuring device), rádius, sestercius -- NOTE: Inanimate nouns in -eus (nukleus, choreus) inflect hard in the plural local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "ové" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "e", loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["semisoft-m"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-m"] = function(base, stems) base.palatalize_voc = true -- animates with dat_s only in -i need to give this manually, using '<dati>' local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s -- Per IJP, the vast majority of soft masculine animates take -i in the voc_s, but those in -ec/-ěc take -e with first -- palatalization to -če, e.g. [[otec]] "father", [[lovec]] "hunter", [[blbec]] "fool, idiot", [[horolezec]] -- "mountaineer", [[znalec]] "expert", [[chlapec]] "boy", [[nadšenec]] "enthusiast", [[luněc]] (type of bird). -- Demonyms but not surnames ending in -ec but beginning with a capital letter take either -e or -i (only the former -- triggers the first palatalization). Examples: [[Portugalec]], [[Slovinec]] "Slovenian", [[Japonec]], [[Vietnamec]]. -- Not [[Kadlec]] (surname). local voc_s = base.animacy == "an" and rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$") and stems.reducible and (not base.surname and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and {"e", "i"} or "e") or "i" local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- nouns with loc_p in -ech (e.g. [[cíl]] "goal") need to give this manually, using <locplech> add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["soft-m"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-m"] = function(base, stems) -- NOTE: IJP tends to list the soft endings first, but per their section on this -- (https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=220), the hard endings tend to predominate in modern use, so we list them -- first. if base.animacy == "an" then if rfind(base.lemma, "l$") then -- [[anděl]] "angel", [[manžel]] "husband", [[strašpytel]] "coward"; 'strašpytel' has a different declension -- from the other two, with more soft forms. [[manžel]] has plural in -é or -ové and needs an override. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "i", loc_s, "em", "é", "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -s/-z: rorýs, platýs, pilous, markýz, všekaz, stávkokaz, penězokaz, listokaz, dřevokaz, zrnokaz, boss. -- Others recently moving towards this declension: primas, karas, kalous, konipas, ibis, chabrus, chuďas, -- kakabus, kliďas, kandrdas, morous, vágus. -- Some names: Alois, Mánes. -- Both hard and soft endings throughout. Most have -i and -ové in the nominative plural. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"u", "i", "ovi"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, dat_s, nil, {"e", "i"}, loc_s, "em", {"i", "ové"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) end else -- Given in IJP: burel, hnědel, chmel, krevel, kužel, námel, plevel, tmel, zádrhel, apríl, artikul, koukol, rubl, -- úběl, plus reducible nouns cumel, chrchel, [[kotel]] "cauldron", sopel, uhel. Also [[městys]]. Many of them are listed in the -- IJP tables with only hard or with fewer soft forms, so need to be investigated individually. if rfind(base.lemma, "[ls]$") then add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, {"e", "i"}, {"u", "e", "i"}, "em", {"y", "e"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -n/-t; hard in the plural: hřeben, ječmen, [[kámen]] "stone", kmen, kořen, křemen, plamen, -- [[pramen]] "source", [[řemen]] "strap", den, týden, [[loket]] "elbow". -- There may be deviations (e.g. soft plural forms for [[den]]), so need to be investigated individually. add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, "i", {"u", "i"}, "em", "y", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end end end declprops["mixed-m"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["a-m"] = function(base, stems) -- husita → husité, izraelita → izraelité, jezuita → jezuité, kosmopolita → kosmopolité, táborita → táborité -- fašista → fašisté, filatelista → filatelisté, fotbalista → fotbalisté, kapitalista → kapitalisté, -- marxista → marxisté, šachista → šachisté, terorista → teroristé. NOTE: most these words actually appear in -- the IJP tables with -é/-i, so we go accordingly. -- -- gymnasta → gymnasté, fantasta → fantasté; also chiliasta, orgiasta, scholiasta, entuziasta, dynasta, ochlasta, -- sarkasta, vymasta; NOTE: Only 'gymnasta' actually given with just -é; 'fantasta' with -ové/-é, 'dynasta' and -- 'ochlasta' with just -ové, vymasta not in IJP (no plural given in SSJC), and the rest with -é/-i. So we go -- accordingly. local it_ist = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "is?t$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "ast$") -- Velar nouns (e.g. [[sluha]] "servant") have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. Nouns whose stem ends in a soft consonant ([[rikša]], [[paša]], [[bača]], [[mahárádža]], -- [[paňáca]], etc.) behave likewise. -- FIXME: [[pária]] "pariah", [[Maria]] etc. local loc_p = (rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$")) and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "y", "ovi", "u", "o", "ovi", "ou", it_ist and {"é", "i"} or "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["a-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -a" } decls["e-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zachránce]] "savior"; [[soudce]] "judge"; etc. -- At least two inanimates: [[průvodce]] "guide, guidebook; computing wizard"; [[správce]] "manager (software program), configuration program" local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", -- nouns with -ové as well (e.g. [[soudce]] "judge") will need to specify that manually, e.g. <nompli:ové> base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "i", "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["e-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -e" } decls["i-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)"; [[kuli]] "coolie"; [[lori]] "lory, lorikeet (bird)" (loc_pl 'loriech/loriích/lorich'); -- [[vini]] "parrot of the genus Vini"; [[yetti]]/[[yeti]] "yeti". other examples: [[aguti]], [[efendi]], [[hadži]], -- [[pekari]], [[regenschori]], [[yetti]]/[[yeti]]. -- -- [[grizzly]]/[[grizly]] "grizzly bear"; [[pony]] "pony"; [[husky]] "husky"; [[dandy]] "dandy"; [[Billy]] "billy". -- -- NOTE: Some nouns in -y are regular soft stems, e.g. [[gay]] "gay person"; [[gray]] "gray (unit of absorbed -- radiation)"; [[Nagy]] (surname). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i/-y. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", -- ins_pl 'kivii/kivimi' {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, {"ích", "ch"}, {"i", "mi"}) end declprops["i-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i/-y" } decls["í-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kádí]] "qadi (Islamic judge)", [[mahdí]] "Mahdi (Islamic prophet)", [[muftí]] "mufti (Islamic scholar)", -- [[sipáhí]] "sipahi (Algerian cavalryman in the French army)" -- -- No obvious examples in -ý, but the support is there. -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, "ích", "mi") end declprops["í-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["ie-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zombie]] "zombie" (also fem/neut), [[hippie]] "hippie", [[yuppie]] "yuppie", [[rowdie]] "rowdy/hooligan" -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i (not -ie, because of the plural). add_decl(base, stems, "eho", "emu", nil, "-", "em", "em", {"ové", "es"}, {"ů", "es"}, {"ům", "es"}, {"e", "es"}, {"ích", "es"}, {"i", "es"}) end declprops["ie-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ie" } decls["o-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kápo]] "head, leader"; [[lamželezo]] "strongman"; [[torero]] "bullfighter"; [[žako]] "African gray parrot"; -- [[dingo]] "dingo"; [[kakapo]] "kakapo" (given in Wiktionary with dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only not -ovi/-u; probably -- wrong but not in IJP); [[maestro]] "maestro"; [[Bruno]] "Bruno", [[Hugo]] "Hugo"; [[Ivo]] "Yves" (these names -- are singular-only per IJP); [[Kvido]] "Guido, Guy" (per IJP has accusative in -a or -ona); [[Oto]] "Otto" (per -- IJP also declinable like virile -a masculines; singular-only); [[Kuřátko]] (a surname; how declined?); -- [[Picasso]] (surname; how declined?); [[Pluto]] "Pluto (God)", also "Pluto (planet)", which is inanimate; -- [[Samo]]/[[Sámo]] "Samo (7th century Slavic ruler)" (dat_s/loc_s only in -ovi, needs override); [[Tomio]] -- "Tomio (Japanese male given name)" (how declined?); [[nemakačenko]] "idler, loafer" (given in Wiktionary with -- dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only, as for [[kakapo]]); [[nefachčenko]] "idler, loafer"; note also [[gadžo]] "gadjo", -- which has a unique declension. -- -- Velar nouns ([[žako]], [[dingo]], etc.) have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- inanimates e.g. [[Pluto]] (planet) have -u only, like for normal hard masculines. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi"or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local loc_p = velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["o-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -o" } decls["u-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[emu]] "emu", [[guru]] "guru", [[kakadu]] "cockatoo", [[marabu]] "marabou" (declined the same way) -- [[Osamu]] "Osamu (Japanese male given name)" [how declined?] -- [[Višnu]] "Vishnu" (declined like [[guru]] but singular-only) -- [[budižkničemu]] "good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well" (indeclinable in the singular, declinable as masculine hard stem -- budižkničemové etc. in the plural, declinable as feminine hard stem budižkničemy etc. in the plural when feminine). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -u. add_decl(base, stems, "a", "ovi", nil, "-", "ovi", "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end declprops["u-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -u" } decls["tstem-m"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[kníže]] "prince", [[hrabě]] "earl", [[markrabě]] "margrave". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "ete", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-m"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["hard-f"] = function(base, stems) base.no_palatalize_c = true -- [[skica]] "sketch", [[gejša]] "geisha", [[rikša]] "rickshaw (vehicle)"; [[arakača]], [[čača]], [[čiča]] (drink), -- [[dača]] "dacha", [[gutaperča]] "guttapercha", [[viskača]]; [[babča]], [[číča]], [[káča]], [[mamča]], [[úča]]. -- Also appears to apply to ď (e.g. [[Naďa]]) and ť, as well as certain words with stems in -ň and -j (e.g. [[Táña]], -- [[doňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]]), which normally have a mixed declension. local dat_s = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "[cčšžďťjň]$") and {"ě", "i"} or "ě" local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "y", dat_s, "u", "o", loc_s, "ou", "y", "", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["hard-f"] = { cat = "硬語幹" } decls["soft-f"] = function(base, stems) -- This also includes feminines in -ie, e.g. [[belarie]], [[signorie]], [[uncie]], and feminines in -oe, e.g. -- [[kánoe]], [[aloe]] and medical terms like [[dyspnoe]], [[apnoe]], [[hemoptoe]], [[kalanchoe]]. -- Nouns in -ice like [[ulice]] "street" have null genitive plural e.g. 'ulic'; nouns in -yně e.g. [[přítelkyně]] -- "girlfriend" have gen pl 'přítelkyň' or 'přítelkyní' with two possible endings; otherwise -í. (Alternation between -- -ň and -n and between -e and -ě handled automatically by combine_stem_ending().) local gen_p = rfind(base.lemma, "ice$") and "" or rfind(base.lemma, "yně$") and {"", "í"} or "í" -- Vocative really ends in -e, not just a copy of the nominative; cf. [[sinfonia]], which is soft-f except for -- the nominative and has -e in the vocative singular. add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "i", "e", "i", "í", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["soft-f"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Lowercase nouns in -ňa (e.g. bárišňa/báryšňa, doňa, dueňa, piraňa, vikuňa) and -ja (e.g. maracuja, papája, sója). -- Does not appear to apply to proper nouns (e.g. [[Táňa]] "Tanya", [[Darja]] "Daria", [[Troja]]/[[Trója]] "Troy", -- which usually decline like [[gejša]], [[dača]], [[skica]]). add_decl(base, stems, {"i", "e"}, {"e", "i"}, "u", "o", {"e", "i"}, "ou", {"i", "e"}, {"", "í"}, {"ám", "ím"}, {"i", "e"}, {"ách", "ích"}, {"ami", "emi"}) end declprops["mixed-f"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["cons-f"] = function(base, stems) -- e.g. [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "e", "í", "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["cons-f"] = { cat = "soft zero-ending" } decls["istem-f"] = function(base, stems) add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", -- See above under apply_special_cases(); -E causes depalatalization of ť/ď/ň. "i", "í", "Em", "i", "Ech", "mi") end declprops["istem-f"] = { cat = "i-stem" } decls["mixed-istem-f"] = function(base, stems) local gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p -- Use of ě vs E below is intentional. Contrast [[oběť]] dat pl 'obětem' (depalatalizing) with [[nit]] ins pl -- 'nitěmi' (palatalizing). See comment above under apply_special_cases(). if base.mixedistem == "pěst" then -- pěst, past, mast, lest [reducible; ins pl 'lstmi'], pelest, propust, plst, oběť, zeď [reducible; ins pl -- 'zdmi'], paměť [ins pl 'pamětmi/paměťmi] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"ím", "Em"}, {"ích", "Ech"}, "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "moc" then -- moc, nemoc, pomoc, velmoc; NOTE: pravomoc has -i/-e alternation in gen_s, nom_p gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"Em", "ím"}, {"Ech", "ích"}, "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "myš" then -- myš, veš [reducible, ins pl vešmi], hruď, měď, pleť, spleť, směs, smrt, step, odpověď [ins pl 'odpověď'mi/odpovědmi'], šeď, -- závěť [ins pl 'závěťmi/závětmi'], plsť [ins pl 'plstmi'] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "noc" then -- lež [reducible], noc, mosaz, rez [reducible], ves [reducible], mysl, sůl, běl, žluť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "žluč" then -- žluč, moč, modř, čeleď, kapraď, záď, žerď, čtvrť/čtvrt, drť, huť, chuť, nit, pečeť, závrať, pouť, stať, ocel gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "loď" then -- loď, suť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", {"ěmi", "mi"} else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'mixedistem', should be one of 'pěst', 'moc', 'myš', 'noc', 'žluč' or 'loď'"): format(base.mixedistem)) end add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", nom_p, "í", dat_p, nom_p, loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["mixed-istem-f"] = { -- Include subtype in the table description but not in the category to avoid too many categories. desc = function(base, stems) return ("mixed i-stem [type '%s'] GENDER"):format(base.mixedistem) end, cat = function(base, stems) return {"mixed i-stem", ("mixed i-stem GENPOS (type '%s')"):format(base.mixedistem)} end, } decls["i-f"] = function(base, stems) -- [[máti]] "mother" (singular-only), [[pramáti]] "foremother"; very similar to the 'noc' mixed i-stem type add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "i", "í", "ím", "i", "ích", "ěmi") end declprops["i-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i" } decls["ea-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -e. if base.tech then -- diarea, gonorea, chorea, nauzea, paleogea, seborea, trachea add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", {"ám", "ím"}, "y", {"ách", "ích"}, "ami") else -- idea, odysea ("wandering pilgrimage"), orchidea, palea, spirea -- proper names Galilea, Judea, Caesarea, Korea, Odyssea ("epic poem") add_decl(base, stems, {"y", "je"}, "ji", "u", "o", "ji", {"ou", "jí"}, {"y", "je"}, "jí", {"ám", "jím"}, {"y", "je"}, {"ách", "jích"}, {"ami", "jemi"}) end end declprops["ea-f"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.tech then return {"GENPOS in -ea", "technical GENPOS in -ea"} else return "GENPOS in -ea" end end } decls["oa-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -o/-u. -- stoa, kongrua; proper names Samoa, Managua, Nikaragua, Capua add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["oa-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -oa/-ua" } decls["ia-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -i. -- belaria, signoria, uncia; paranoia, sinfonia; -- proper names Alexandria, Alexia, Livia, Monrovia, Olympia, Sofia -- Identical to soft declension except for nom sg. decls["soft-f"](base, stems) end declprops["ia-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ia" } decls["hard-n"] = function(base, stems) local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- NOTE: Per IJP it appears the meaning of the preceding preposition makes a difference: 'o' = "about" takes -- '-u' or '-ě', while 'na/v' = "in, on" normally takes '-ě'. local loc_s = -- Exceptions: [[mléko]] "milk" ('mléku' or 'mléce'), [[břicho]] "belly" ('břiše' or (less often) 'břichu'), -- [[roucho]] ('na rouchu' or 'v rouše'; why the difference in preposition?). velar and "u" or -- IJP says nouns in -dlo take only -e but the declension tables show otherwise. It appears -u is possible -- but significantly less common. Other nouns in -lo usually take just -e ([[čelo]] "forehead", -- [[kolo]] "wheel", [[křeslo]] "armchair", [[máslo]] "butter", [[peklo]] "hell", [[sklo]] "glass", -- [[světlo]] "light", [[tělo]] "body"; but [[číslo]] "number' with -e/-u; [[zlo]] "evil" and [[kouzlo]] "spell" -- with -u/-e). rfind(base.lemma, "dlo$") and {"ě", "u"} or rfind(base.lemma, "lo$") and "ě" or (rfind(base.lemma, "[sc]tvo$") or rfind(base.lemma, "ivo$")) and "u" or -- Per IJP: Borrowed words and abstracts take -u (e.g. [[banjo]]/[[bendžo]]/[[benžo]] "banjo", [[depo]] "depot", -- [[chladno]] "cold", [[mokro]] "damp, dampness", [[právo]] "law, right", [[šeru]] "twilight?", -- [[temno]] "dark, darkness", [[tempo]] "rate, tempo", [[ticho]] "quiet, silence", [[vedro]] "heat") and others -- often take -ě/-u. Formerly we defaulted to -ě/-u but it seems better to default to just -u, similarly to hard -- masculines. -- {"ě", "u"} "u" local loc_p = -- Note, lemmas in -isko also have mixed-reducible as default, handled in determine_default_reducible(). -- Note also, ending -ích triggers the second palatalization. rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") and {"ích", "ách"} or -- Diminutives in -ko, -čko, -tko; also [[lýtko]], [[děcko]], [[vrátka]], [[dvířka]], [[jho]], [[roucho]], -- [[tango]], [[mango]], [[sucho]], [[blaho]], [[víko]], [[echo]], [[embargo]], [[largo]], [[jericho]] (from -- IJP). Also foreign nouns in -kum: [[antibiotikum]], [[narkotikum]], [[afrodiziakum]], [[analgetikum]], etc. -- [[jablko]] "apple" has '-ách' or '-ích' and needs an override; likewise for [[vojsko]] "troop"; [[riziko]] -- "risk" normally has '-ích' and needs and override. velar and "ách" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", loc_s, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", loc_p, "y") -- FIXME: paired body parts e.g. [[rameno]] "shoulder" (gen_p/loc_p 'ramenou/ramen'), [[koleno]] "knee" -- (gen_p/loc_p 'kolenou/kolen'), [[prsa]] "chest, breasts" (plurale tantum; gen_p/loc_p 'prsou'). -- FIXME: Nouns with both neuter and feminine forms in the plural, e.g. [[lýtko]] "calf (of the leg)", -- [[bedro]] "hip", [[vrátka]] "gate". end declprops["hard-n"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * In -ao: [[kakao]] "cacao", [[makao]] "Macao (gambling card game, see Wikipedia)", [[curaçao]] "curaçao (liqueur)" -- (IJP gives gen pl 'curaç' but ASSC [https://slovnikcestiny.cz/heslo/cura%C3%A7ao/0/9967] says 'curaçí' as expected), -- [[farao]] "faro (card game)"; also [[Makao]], [[Pathet Lao]], but these are sg-only -- * In -eo: [[stereo]], [[rodeo]], [[video]], [[solideo]]; also [[Borneo]], [[Montevideo]], but these are sg-only -- * In -io: [[rádio]] "radio", [[gramorádio]], [[studio]], [[scenário]], [[trio]], [[ážio]] (also spelled [[agio]]), -- [[disážio]], [[folio]], [[vibrio]]; also [[arpeggio]], [[adagio]], [[capriccio]], [[solfeggio]] although -- pronounced the Italian way without /i/; also [[Ohio]], [[Ontario]], [[Tokio]], but these are sg-only -- * In -uo: only [[duo]] -- * In -yo: only [[embryo]] -- * In -eum: [[muzeum]], [[lyceum]], [[linoleum]], [[ileum]], etc. -- * In -ium: [[atrium]] "atrium", most chemical elements, etc. -- * In -ion: [[enkómion]] "encomium", [[eufonion]] (variant of [[eufonium]]), [[amnion]], [[ganglion]], [[gymnasion]], -- [[scholion]], [[kritérion]] (rare for [[kritérium]]), [[onomatopoion]] (variant of [[onomatopoie]]), -- [[symposion]], [[synedrion]]; also [[Byzantion]], but this is sg-only; most words in -ion are masculine -- Hard in the singular, mostly soft in the plural. Those in -eo and -uo have alternative hard endings in the -- dat/loc/ins pl, but not those in -eum. Those in -ao have only hard endings except in the gen pl. (There are -- apparently no neuters in -eon; those in -eon e.g. [[akordeon]], [[neon]], [[nukleon]] are masculine.) local dat_p, loc_p, ins_p if rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "ao$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ům", "ech", "y" elseif rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "[eu]o$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"ím", "ům"}, {"ích", "ech"}, {"i", "y"} else dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ím", "ích", "i" end add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", "u", "em", "a", "í", dat_p, "a", loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["semisoft-n"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: [[moře]] "sea", [[slunce]] "sun", [[srdce]] "heart", [[citoslovce]] "interjection", -- [[dopoledne]] "late morning", [[odpoledne]] "afternoon", [[hoře]] "sorrow, grief" (archaic or literary), -- [[inhalace]] "inhalation", [[kafe]] "coffee", [[kanape]] "sofa", [[kutě]] "bed", [[Labe]] "Elbe (singular only)", -- [[líce]] "cheek", [[lože]] "bed", [[nebe]] "sky; heaven", [[ovoce]] "fruit", [[pole]] "field", [[poledne]] -- "noon", [[příslovce]] "adverb", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also t-n), [[vejce]] "egg" (NOTE: gen pl 'vajec'). -- -- Many nouns in -iště, with null genitive plural. local gen_p = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "išť$") and "" or "í" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "-", "i", "em", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "i") -- NOTE: Some neuter words in -e indeclinable, e.g. [[Belize]], [[Chile]], [[garde]] "chaperone", [[karaoke]], -- [[karate]], [[re]] "double raise (card games)", [[ukulele]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[zombie]] (pl. 'zombie' or -- 'zombies') -- some nearly indeclinable, e.g. [[finále]], [[chucpe]]; see mostly-indecl below end declprops["soft-n"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["í-n"] = function(base, stems) -- [[nábřeží]] "waterfront" and a zillion others; also [[úterý]] "Tuesday". -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "", "", "-", "-", "", "m", "", "", "m", "", "ch", "mi") end declprops["í-n"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["n-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[břemeno]] "burden" (also [[břímě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[písmeno]] "letter"; [[plemeno]] "breed"; -- [[rameno]] "shoulder" (also [[rámě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[semeno]] "seed" (also [[sémě]], [[símě]], use -- 'decllemma:'); [[temeno]] "crown (of the head)"; [[vemeno]] "udder" add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, {"i", "u"}, "-", "-", {"ě", "i", "u"}, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", "ech", "y") end declprops["n-n"] = { cat = "n-stem" } decls["tstem-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[batole]] "toddler", [[čuně]] "pig", [[daňče]] "fallow deer fawn", [[děvče]] "girl", [[ďouče]] "girl" -- (dialectal), [[dítě]] "child" (NOTE: feminine in the plural [[děti]], declined as a feminine i-stem), [[dvojče]] -- "twin", [[hádě]] "young snake", [[house]] "gosling", [[hříbě]] "foal" (pl. hříbata), [[jehně]] "lamb", [[kavče]] -- "young jackdaw; chough", [[káče]] "duckling", [[káně]] "buzzard chick" (NOTE: also feminine meaning "buzzard"), -- [[klíště]] "tick", [[kose]] "blackbird chick" (rare), [[kuře]] "chick (young chicken)", [[kůzle]] -- "kid (young goat)", [[lišče]] "fox cub", [[lvíče]] "lion cub", [[medvídě]] "bear cub", [[mládě]] "baby animal", -- [[morče]] "guinea pig", [[mrně]] "toddler", [[nemluvně]] "infant", [[novorozeně]] "newborn", [[orle]] "eaglet", -- [[osle]] "donkey foal", [[pachole]] "boy (obsolete); page, squire", [[páže]] "page, squire", [[podsvinče]] -- "suckling pig", [[prase]] "pig", [[prtě]] "toddler", [[ptáče]] "chick (young bird)", -- [[robě]] "baby, small child", [[saranče]] "locust" (NOTE: also feminine), [[sele]] "piglet", -- [[slůně]] "baby elephant", [[škvrně]] "toddler", [[štěně]] "puppy", [[tele]] "calf", [[velbloudě]] "camel colt", -- [[vlče]] "wolf cub", [[vnouče]] "grandchild", [[vyžle]] "small hunting dog; slender person", -- [[zvíře]] "animal, beast". -- -- Some referring to inanimates, e.g. [[doupě]] "lair" (pl. doupata), [[koště]]/[[chvoště]] "broom", [[paraple]] -- "umbrella", [[poupě]] "bud", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also soft-n), [[rajče]] "tomato", [[šuple]] "drawer", -- [[varle]] "testicle", [[vole]] "craw (of a bird); goiter". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "-", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-n"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["ma-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[drama]] "drama", [[dogma]] "dogma", [[aneurysma]]/[[aneuryzma]] "aneurysm", [[dilema]] "dilemma", -- [[gumma]] "gumma" (non-cancerous syphilitic growth), [[klima]] "climate", [[kóma]] "coma", [[lemma]] "lemma", -- [[melisma]] "melisma", [[paradigma]] "paradigm", [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "plasma [partly ionized gas]" -- (note [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "blood plasma" is feminine), [[revma]] "rheumatism", [[schéma]] "schema, diagram", -- [[schisma]]/[[schizma]] "schism", [[smegma]] "smegma", [[sofisma]]/[[sofizma]] "sophism", [[sperma]] "sperm", -- [[stigma]] "stigma", [[téma]] "theme", [[trauma]] "trauma", [[trilema]] "trilemma", [[zeugma]] "zeugma". add_decl(base, stems, "atu", "atu", "-", "-", "atu", "atem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["ma-n"] = { cat = "ma-stem" } decls["adj"] = function(base, stems) local props = {} local propspec = table.concat(props, ".") if propspec ~= "" then propspec = "<" .. propspec .. ">" end local adj_alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:cs-adjective").do_generate_forms({base.lemma .. propspec}) local function copy(from_slot, to_slot) base.forms[to_slot] = adj_alternant_multiword_spec.forms[from_slot] end if base.number ~= "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then copy("nom_m", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_f", "nom_s") copy("gen_f", "gen_s") copy("dat_f", "dat_s") copy("acc_f", "acc_s") copy("loc_f", "loc_s") copy("ins_f", "ins_s") else copy("nom_n", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("acc_n", "acc_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") end if not base.forms.voc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_s", base.forms.nom_s) end end if base.number ~= "sg" then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then copy("nom_mp_an", "nom_p") else copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") end copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") else copy("nom_np", "nom_p") copy("acc_np", "acc_p") end copy("gen_p", "gen_p") copy("dat_p", "dat_p") copy("ins_p", "ins_p") copy("loc_p", "loc_p") end end local function get_stemtype(base) if rfind(base.lemma, "ý$") then return "hard" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "í$") then return "soft" else return "possessive" end end declprops["adj"] = { cat = function(base, stems) return {"adjectival POS", get_stemtype(base) .. " GENDER adjectival POS"} end, } decls["mostly-indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Several neuters: E.g. [[finále]] "final (sports)", [[čtvrtfinále]] "quarterfinal", [[chucpe]] "chutzpah", -- [[penále]] "fine, penalty", [[promile]] "" (NOTE: loc pl also promilech), [[rande]] "rendezvous", [[semifinále]] -- "semifinal", [[skóre]] "score". -- At least one masculine animate: [[kamikaze]]/[[kamikadze]], where IJP says only -m in the ins sg. local ins_s = base.gender == "m" and "m" or {"-", "m"} add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", ins_s, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["mostly-indecl"] = { cat = "mostly indeclinable" } decls["indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Indeclinable. Note that fully indeclinable nouns should not have a table at all rather than one all of whose forms -- are the same; but having an indeclinable declension is useful for nouns that may or may not be indeclinable, e.g. -- [[desatero]] "group of ten" or the plural of [[peso]], which may be indeclinable 'pesos'. add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["indecl"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.adj then return {"adjectival POS", "indeclinable adjectival POS", "indeclinable GENDER adjectival POS"} else return {"indeclinable POS", "indeclinable GENPOS"} end end } decls["manual"] = function(base, stems) -- Anything declined manually using overrides. We don't set any declensions except the nom_s (or nom_p if plurale -- tantum). add(base, base.number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s", stems, "-") end declprops["manual"] = { desc = "GENDER", cat = {}, } local function set_pron_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.lemma ~= "ona" and base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for pronouns") end local function pron_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. if base.lemma == "kdo" then return "none", "sg", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "co" then return "none", "sg", "inan", false elseif base.lemma == "já" or base.lemma == "ty" then return "none", "sg", "an", true elseif base.lemma == "my" or base.lemma == "vy" then return "none", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "on" then return "m", "sg", "none", true elseif base.lemma == "ono" then return "n", "sg", "inan", true elseif base.lemma == "oni" then return "m", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "ony" then return "none", "pl", "none", false elseif base.lemma == "ona" then if base.number ~= "sg" and base.number ~= "pl" then error("Must specify '.sg' or '.pl' with lemma 'ona'") end if base.number == "sg" then return "f", "sg", "none", false else return "n", "pl", "inan", false end elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then return "none", "none", "none", true else error(("Unrecognized pronoun '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = pron_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_pronoun_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with pronouns") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "pron" end decls["pron"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "kdo" then add_decl(base, stems, "koho", "komu", nil, nil, "kom", "kým") elseif base.lemma == "co" then add_decl(base, stems, "čeho", "čemu", nil, nil, "čem", "čím") elseif base.lemma == "já" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "mne", "mě", "mně", "mi", nil, nil, nil, "mně", "mnou") elseif base.lemma == "ty" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "tebe", "tě", "tobě", "ti", nil, nil, nil, "tobě", "tebou") elseif base.lemma == "my" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nás", "nám", "nás", "nás", "námi") elseif base.lemma == "vy" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "vás", "vám", "vás", "vás", "vámi") elseif base.lemma == "on" or base.lemma == "ono" then local acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jeho", "jej"} or "je" local clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jej", "ho"} or "je" local prep_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"něho", "něj"} or "ně" local prep_clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and "-ň" or nil add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "jeho", "ho", "jemu", "mu", acc_s, clitic_acc_s, nil, nil, "jím") add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "něho", nil, "němu", nil, prep_acc_s, prep_clitic_acc_s, nil, "něm", "ním", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "ona" and base.number == "sg" then add_sg_decl(base, stems, "jí", "jí", "ji", nil, nil, "jí") add_sg_decl(base, stems, "ní", "ní", "ni", nil, "ní", "ní", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "oni" or base.lemma == "ony" or base.lemma == "ona" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "jich", "jim", "je", nil, "jimi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nich", "nim", "ně", "nich", "nimi", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then -- Underlyingly we handle [[sebe]]'s slots as singular. add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "sebe", "sebe", "sobě", "si", "sebe", "se", nil, "sobě", "sebou", nil, "no nom_s") else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized pronoun lemma '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end declprops["pron"] = { desc = "GENDER pronoun", cat = {}, } local function set_num_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for numeral") end local function num_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "pl", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = num_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_numeral_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with numerals") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "num" end decls["num"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "dva" or base.lemma == "dvě" then -- in compound numbers; stem is dv- add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ou", "ěma", "-", "ou", "ěma") elseif base.lemma == "tři" or base.lemma == "čtyři" then -- stem is without -i local is_three = base.lemma == "tři" add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, is_three and "í" or "", "em", "-", "ech", is_three and "emi" or "mi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ech", nil, nil, nil, nil, "[colloquial]") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, is_three and "ema" or "ma", "[when modifying a form ending in ''-ma'']") elseif base.lemma == "devět" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "devíti", "devíti", "-", "devíti", "devíti", stems.footnotes) elseif base.lemma == "sta" or base.lemma == "stě" or base.lemma == "set" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "set", "stům", "-", "stech", "sty", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "[cs]et$") then -- [[deset]] and all numbers ending in -cet ([[dvacet]], [[třicet]], [[čtyřicet]] and inverted compound -- numerals such as [[pětadvacet]] "25" and [[dvaatřicet]] "32") local begin = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)et$") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") add_pl_only_decl(base, begin, "íti", "íti", "-", "íti", "íti", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "oje$") then -- [[dvoje]], [[troje]] -- stem is without -e add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ích", "ím", "-", "ích", "ími") elseif rfind(base.lemma, "ery$") then -- [[čtvery]], [[patery]], [[šestery]], [[sedmery]], [[osmery]], [[devatery]], [[desatery]] -- stem is without -y add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ých", "ým", "-", "ých", "ými") else add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") end end declprops["num"] = { desc = "GENDER numeral", cat = {}, } local function set_det_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for determiner") end local function det_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "none", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = det_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_determiner_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with determiners") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "det" end decls["det"] = function(base, stems) add_sg_decl(base, stems, "a", "a", "-", nil, "a", "a") end declprops["det"] = { desc = "GENDER determiner", cat = {}, } local function fetch_footnotes(separated_group) local footnotes for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then error("Extraneous text after bracketed footnotes: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'") end if not footnotes then footnotes = {} end table.insert(footnotes, separated_group[j]) end return footnotes end --[=[ Parse a single override spec (e.g. 'nomplé:ové' or 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]') and return two values: the slot(s) the override applies to, and an object describing the override spec. The input is actually a list where the footnotes have been separated out; for example, given the spec 'inspl:čobotami:čobotámi[rare]:čobitmi[archaic]', the input will be a list {"inspl:čobotami:čobotámi", "[rare]", ":čobitmi", "[archaic]", ""}. The object returned for 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]' looks like this: { full = true, values = { { form = "autodráhou" }, { form = "autodrahou", footnotes = {"[rare]"} } } } The object returned for 'nomplé:ové' looks like this: { values = { { form = "é", }, { form = "ové", } } } ]=] local function parse_override(segments) local retval = {values = {}} local part = segments[1] local slots = {} while true do local case = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case] then -- ok else error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end part = usub(part, 4) local slot if rfind(part, "^pl") then part = usub(part, 3) slot = case .. "_p" elseif rfind(part, "^cl") then -- No plural clitic cases at this point. part = usub(part, 3) if clitic_cases[case] then slot = "clitic_" .. case .. "_s" else error(("Unrecognized clitic case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end else slot = case .. "_s" end table.insert(slots, slot) if rfind(part, "^%+") then part = usub(part, 2) else break end end if rfind(part, "^:") then retval.full = true part = usub(part, 2) end segments[1] = part local colon_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, ":") for i, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local value = {} local form = colon_separated_group[1] if form == "" then error(("Use - to indicate an empty ending for slot%s '%s': '%s'"):format(#slots > 1 and "s" or "", table.concat(slots), table.concat(segments))) elseif form == "-" then value.form = "" else value.form = form end value.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(colon_separated_group) table.insert(retval.values, value) end return slots, retval end --[=[ Parse an indicator spec (text consisting of angle brackets and zero or more dot-separated indicators within them). Return value is an object of the form { overrides = { SLOT = {OVERRIDE, OVERRIDE, ...}, -- as returned by parse_override() ... }, forms = {}, -- forms for a single spec alternant; see `forms` below footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing stems = { -- may be missing { reducible = TRUE_OR_FALSE, footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing -- The following fields are filled in by determine_stems() vowel_stem = "STEM", nonvowel_stem = "STEM", oblique_slots = one of {nil, "gen_p", "all", "all-oblique"}, oblique_vowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), oblique_nonvowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), }, ... }, gender = "GENDER", -- "m", "f", "n" number = "NUMBER", -- "sg", "pl"; may be missing animacy = "ANIMACY", -- "inan", "an"; may be missing hard = true, -- may be missing soft = true, -- may be missing mixed = true, -- may be missing surname = true, -- may be missing istem = true, -- may be missing ["-istem"] = true, -- may be missing tstem = true, -- may be missing nstem = true, -- may be missing tech = true, -- may be missing foreign = true, -- may be missing mostlyindecl = true, -- may be missing indecl = true, -- may be missing manual = true, -- may be missing adj = true, -- may be missing decllemma = "DECLENSION-LEMMA", -- may be missing declgender = "DECLENSION-GENDER", -- may be missing -- The following additional fields are added by other functions: orig_lemma = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA", -- as given by the user orig_lemma_no_links = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA-NO-LINKS", -- links removed lemma = "LEMMA", -- `orig_lemma_no_links`, converted to singular form if plural and lowercase if all-uppercase forms = { SLOT = { { form = "FORM", footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...} -- may be missing }, ... }, ... }, decl = "DECL", -- declension, e.g. "hard-m" vowel_stem = "VOWEL-STEM", -- derived from vowel-ending lemmas nonvowel_stem = "NONVOWEL-STEM", -- derived from non-vowel-ending lemmas } ]=] local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec) local inside = rmatch(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$") assert(inside) local base = {overrides = {}, forms = {}} if inside ~= "" then local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") local dot_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.") for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do local part = dot_separated_group[1] local case_prefix = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case_prefix] then local slots, override = parse_override(dot_separated_group) for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do if base.overrides[slot] then error(("Two overrides specified for slot '%s'"):format(slot)) else base.overrides[slot] = {override} end end elseif part == "" then if #dot_separated_group == 1 then error("Blank indicator: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(dot_separated_group) elseif rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*$") or rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*,") then if base.stem_sets then error("Can't specify reducible/vowel-alternant indicator twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",") local stem_sets = {} for i, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local pattern = comma_separated_group[1] local orig_pattern = pattern local reducible, vowelalt, oblique_slots if pattern == "-" then -- default reducible, no vowel alt else local before, after before, reducible, after = rmatch(pattern, "^(.-)(%-?%*)(.-)$") if before then pattern = before .. after reducible = reducible == "*" end if pattern ~= "" then if not rfind(pattern, "^##?ě?$") then error("Unrecognized vowel-alternation pattern '" .. pattern .. "', should be one of #, ##, #ě or ##ě: '" .. inside .. "'") end if pattern == "#ě" or pattern == "##ě" then vowelalt = "quant-ě" else vowelalt = "quant" end -- `oblique_slots` will be later changed to "all" if the lemma ends in a consonant. if pattern == "##" or pattern == "##ě" then oblique_slots = "all-oblique" else oblique_slots = "gen_p" end end end table.insert(stem_sets, { reducible = reducible, vowelalt = vowelalt, oblique_slots = oblique_slots, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(comma_separated_group) }) end base.stem_sets = stem_sets elseif #dot_separated_group > 1 then error("Footnotes only allowed with slot overrides, reducible or vowel alternation specs or by themselves: '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") elseif part == "m" or part == "f" or part == "n" then if base.gender then error("Can't specify gender twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.gender = part elseif part == "sg" or part == "pl" then if base.number then error("Can't specify number twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.number = part elseif part == "an" or part == "inan" then if base.animacy then error("Can't specify animacy twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.animacy = part elseif part == "hard" or part == "soft" or part == "mixed" or part == "surname" or part == "istem" or part == "-istem" or part == "tstem" or part == "nstem" or part == "tech" or part == "foreign" or part == "mostlyindecl" or part == "indecl" or part == "pron" or part == "det" or part == "num" then if base[part] then error("Can't specify '" .. part .. "' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base[part] = true -- Allow 'hard' to signal that -y is allowed after -c, as in hard masculine nouns such as [[hec]] -- "joke", and also feminines in -ca where the c is pronounced as /k/, e.g. [[ayahuasca]], [[pororoca]], -- [[Petrarca]], [[Mallorca]], [[Casablanca]]. (Contrast [[mangalica]], [[Kusturica]], [[Bjelica]], -- where the c is pronounced as /ts/ and -y is disallowed.) if part == "hard" then base.hard_c = true end elseif part == "+" then if base.adj then error("Can't specify '+' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.adj = true elseif part == "!" then if base.manual then error("Can't specify '!' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.manual = true elseif rfind(part, "^mixedistem:") then if base.mixedistem then error("Can't specify 'mixedistem:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.mixedistem = rsub(part, "^mixedistem:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^decllemma:") then if base.decllemma then error("Can't specify 'decllemma:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.decllemma = rsub(part, "^decllemma:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^declgender:") then if base.declgender then error("Can't specify 'declgender:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.declgender = rsub(part, "^declgender:", "") else error("Unrecognized indicator '" .. part .. "': '" .. inside .. "'") end end end return base end local function is_regular_noun(base) return not base.adj and not base.pron and not base.det and not base.num end local function set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) -- Set default values. local regular_noun = is_regular_noun(base) if base.pron then set_pron_defaults(base) elseif base.det then set_det_defaults(base) elseif base.num then set_num_defaults(base) elseif not base.adj then if not base.gender then if base.manual then base.gender = "none" else error("For nouns, gender must be specified") end end base.number = base.number or "both" base.animacy = base.animacy or "inan" base.user_specified_gender = base.gender base.user_specified_animacy = base.animacy if base.declgender then if base.declgender == "m-an" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "an" elseif base.declgender == "m-in" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "inan" elseif base.declgender == "f" or base.declgender == "n" then base.gender = base.declgender else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'declgender', should be 'm-an', 'm-in', 'f' or 'n'"):format(base.declgender)) end end end -- Check for bad indicator combinations. if (base.hard and 1 or 0) + (base.soft and 1 or 0) + (base.mixed and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("At most one of 'hard', 'soft' and 'mixed' can be specified") end if base.istem and base["-istem"] then error("'istem' and '-istem' cannot be specified together") end if (base.istem or base["-istem"]) then if base.gender ~= "f" then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with the feminine gender") end if not regular_noun then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end if base.declgender and not regular_noun then error("'declgender' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end local function set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) local is_multiword = #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1 iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) base.multiword = is_multiword -- FIXME: not currently used; consider deleting alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic = alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic or base.has_clitic if base.pron then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron = true end if base.det then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det = true end if base.num then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num = true end end) end local function undo_second_palatalization(base, word, is_adjective) local function try(from, to) local stem = rmatch(word, "^(.*)" .. from .. "$") if stem then return stem .. to end return nil end return is_adjective and try("št", "sk") or is_adjective and try("čt", "ck") or try("c", "k") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and c correct try("ř", "r") or try("z", "h") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and z or g correct try("š", "ch") or word end -- For a plural-only lemma, synthesize a likely singular lemma. It doesn't have to be -- theoretically correct as long as it generates all the correct plural forms. local function synthesize_singular_lemma(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end local lemma_determined -- Loop over all stem sets in case the user specified multiple ones (e.g. '*,-*'). If we try to reconstruct -- different lemmas for different stem sets, we'll throw an error below. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local stem, lemma while true do if base.indecl then -- If specified as indeclinable, leave it alone; e.g. 'pesos' indeclinable plural of [[peso]]. lemma = base.lemma break elseif base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then if base.soft then -- [[Blíženci]] "Gemini" -- Since the nominative singular has no ending. lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) else lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem) end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ové$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then -- [[manželé]] "married couple", [[Velšané]] "Welsh people" lemma = stem else error(("Animate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -i, -ové or -é"):format(base.lemma)) end end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then -- [[droby]] "giblets"; [[tvarůžky]] "Olomouc cheese"; [[alimenty]] "alimony"; etc. lemma = stem else local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then -- [[peníze]] "money", [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" (mixed declension), [[údaje]] "data", -- [[Lazce]] (a village), [[lováče]] "money", [[Krkonoše]] "Giant Mountains", [[kříže]] "clubs" lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) if not base.mixed then base.soft = true end else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -e or -ě"):format(base.lemma)) end end end if stems.reducible == nil then if rfind(lemma, com.cons_c .. "[ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) then stems.reducible = true end if stems.reducible then lemma = dereduce(lemma) end end break elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "a" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eě]$") if stem then -- Singular like the plural. Cons-stem feminines like [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" have identical -- plurals to soft-stem feminines like [[růže]] (modulo e/ě differences), so we don't need to -- reconstruct the former type. lemma = base.lemma break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then -- i-stems. lemma = stem base.istem = true break end error(("Feminine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -ě, -e or -i"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "n" then -- -ata nouns like [[slůně]] "baby elephant" nom pl 'slůňata' are declined in the plural same as if -- the singular were 'slůňato' so we don't have to worry about them. stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "o" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eěí]$") if stem then -- singular lemma also in -e, -ě or -í; e.g. [[věčná loviště]] "[[happy hunting ground]]" lemma = base.lemma break end error(("Neuter plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -a, -í, -ě or -e"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '%s'"):format(base.gender)) end end if lemma_determined and lemma_determined ~= lemma then error(("Attempt to set two different singular lemmas '%s' and '%s'"):format(lemma_determined, lemma)) end lemma_determined = lemma end base.lemma = lemma_determined end -- For an adjectival lemma, synthesize the masc singular form. local function synthesize_adj_lemma(base) local stem if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" stem = base.lemma else local gender, number local function sub_ov(stem) stem = stem:gsub("ov$", "ův") return stem end while true do if base.number == "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then if base.soft then -- nothing to do else if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -í can only be animate unless '.soft' is specified"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem, "is adjective") .. "ý" end break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -é must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)i$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)i$") if stem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -i must be animate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -y must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Animate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í, -ovi or -ini"): format(base.lemma)) elseif base.soft then error(("Soft masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -ovy or -iny"): format(base.lemma)) end elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovy or -iny"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) end else if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ýí]$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ův$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)in$") if stem then break end error(("Masculine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -ý, -í, -ův or -in"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)o$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)o$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovo or -ino"):format(base.lemma)) end end end base.decl = "adj" end -- Now set the stem sets if not given. -- Now set the stem sets if not given. if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false}} end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do -- Set the stems. stems.vowel_stem = stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stem end end -- Determine the declension based on the lemma, gender and number. The declension is set in base.decl. In the process, -- we set either base.vowel_stem (if the lemma ends in a vowel) or base.nonvowel_stem (if the lemma does not end in a -- vowel), which is used by determine_stems(). In some cases (specifically with certain foreign nouns), we set -- base.lemma to a new value; this is as if the user specified 'decllemma:'. local function determine_declension(base) if base.mostlyindecl then base.decl = "mostly-indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end -- Determine declension stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("Masculine lemma in -a must be animate") end base.decl = "a-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.hard then -- e.g. [[doňa]], which seems not to have soft alternates as [[piraňa]] does (despite IJP; but see the note at the -- bottom) base.decl = "hard-f" elseif rfind(stem, "e$") then -- [[idea]], [[diarea]] (subtype '.tech'), [[Korea]], etc. base.decl = "ea-f" elseif rfind(stem, "i$") then -- [[signoria]], [[sinfonia]], [[paranoia]], etc. base.decl = "ia-f" elseif rfind(stem, "[ou]$") then -- [[stoa]], [[kongrua]], [[Samoa]], [[Nikaragua]], etc. base.decl = "oa-f" elseif rfind(stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[ňj]$") then -- [[maracuja]], [[papája]], [[sója]]; [[piraňa]] etc. Not [[Táňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]], which decline -- like [[gejša]], [[skica]], etc. (subtype of hard feminines). base.decl = "mixed-f" else base.decl = "hard-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if rfind(stem, "m$") then base.decl = "ma-n" else error("Lemma ending in -a and neuter must end in -ma") end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then if ending == "ě" then stem = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem) end if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[software]] and similar English-derived nouns with silent -e; set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem base.nonvowel_stem = stem base.decl = "hard-m" return end if base.tstem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("T-stem masculine lemma in -e must be animate") end base.decl = "tstem-m" elseif rfind(stem, "i") then -- [[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]], [[rowdie]] base.decl = "ie-m" else base.decl = "e-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then base.decl = "soft-f" else if base.tstem then base.decl = "tstem-n" else base.decl = "soft-n" end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)o$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[maestro]] m. base.decl = "o-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- [[zoo]]; [[Žemaitsko]]? error("Feminine nouns in -o are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") elseif base.nstem then base.decl = "n-n" elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[aeiuy]$") then -- These have gen pl in -í and often other soft plural endings. base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[iy])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.soft then -- [[gay]] "gay man", [[gray]] "gray (scientific unit)", [[Nagy]] (surname) base.decl = "soft-m" else -- Cf. [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)", [[husky]] "kusky", etc. base.decl = "i-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.soft then -- [[Uruguay]], [[Paraguay]] base.decl = "soft-f" else -- [[máti]], [[pramáti]]; note also indeclinable [[tsunami]]/[[cunami]], [[okapi]] base.decl = "i-f" if stem:find("i$") then stem = stem:gsub("i$", "") else error("Feminine nouns in -y are either soft or indeclinable; use '.soft' or '.indecl' as needed") end end else error("Neuter nouns in -i are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*u)$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[emu]], [[guru]], etc. base.decl = "u-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- Only one I know is [[budižkničemu]], which is indeclinable in the singular and declines in the plural as -- if written 'budižkničema'. error("Feminine nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") else error("Neuter nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[íý])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then base.decl = "í-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- FIXME: Do any exist? If not, update this message. error("Support for non-adjectival non-indeclinable feminine nouns in -í/-ý not yet implemented") else base.decl = "í-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[komunismus]] "communism", [[kosmos]] "cosmos", [[hádes]] "Hades" stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ueo]s$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized masculine foreign ending, should be -us, -es or -os") end if not base.hard and (rfind(stem, "[ei]$") and base.animacy == "an" or rfind(stem, "i$") and base.animacy == "inan") then -- [[genius]], [[basileus]], [[rádius]]; not [[nukleus]], [[choreus]] (inanimate); not -- [[skarabeus]] (animate), which should specify 'hard' base.decl = "semisoft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-m" elseif base.soft then base.decl = "soft-m" elseif base.mixed then base.decl = "mixed-m" elseif rfind(base.lemma, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$") or rfind(base.lemma, "tel$") then base.decl = "soft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.mixedistem then base.decl = "mixed-istem-f" elseif base.istem then base.decl = "istem-f" elseif base["-istem"] then base.decl = "cons-f" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "st$") then -- Numerous abstracts in -ost; also [[kost]], [[část]], [[srst]], [[bolest]] base.decl = "istem-f" else base.decl = "cons-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if base.foreign then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)um$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)on$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized neuter foreign ending, should be -um or -on") end if base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[ei]$") then base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem .. "o" base.vowel_stem = stem return else error("Neuter nouns ending in a consonant should use '.foreign' or '.decllemma:...'") end end base.nonvowel_stem = stem return end error("Unrecognized ending for lemma: '" .. base.lemma .. "'") end -- Determine the default value for the 'reducible' flag. local function determine_default_reducible(base) -- Nouns in vowels other than -a/o as well as masculine nouns ending in all vowels don't have null endings so not -- reducible. Note, we are never called on adjectival nouns. if rfind(base.lemma, "[iyuíeě]$") or base.gender == "m" and rfind(base.lemma, "[ao]$") or base.tstem then base.default_reducible = false return end local stem stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then -- When analyzing existing manual declensions in -ec and -ek, 290 were reducible vs. 23 non-reducible. Of these -- 23, 15 were monosyllabic (and none of the 290 reducible nouns were monosyllabic) -- and two of these were -- actually reducible but irregularly: [[švec]] "shoemaker" (gen sg 'ševce') and [[žnec]] "reaper (person)" -- (gen sg. 'žence'). Of the remaining 8 multisyllabic non-reducible words, two were actually reducible but -- irregularly: [[stařec]] "old man" (gen sg 'starce') and [[tkadlec]] "weaver" (gen sg 'tkalce'). The remaining -- six consisted of 5 compounds of monosyllabic words: [[dotek]], [[oblek]], [[kramflek]], [[pucflek]], -- [[pokec]], plus [[česnek]], which should be reducible but would lead to an impossible consonant cluster. if base.gender == "m" and rfind(stem, "[eě][ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(stem) then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.gender == "f" and rfind(stem, "[eě]ň$") then -- [[pochodeň]] "torch", [[píseň]] "leather", [[žeň]] "harvest"; not [[reveň]] "rhubarb" or [[dřeň]] "pulp", -- which need an override. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end return end if base.number == "sg" then base.default_reducible = false return end if rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") then -- e.g. [[středisko]] base.default_reducible = "mixed" return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") if not stem then error(("Internal error: Something wrong, lemma '%s' doesn't end in consonant or vowel"):format(base.lemma)) end -- Substitute 'ch' with a single character to make the following code simpler. stem = stem:gsub("ch", com.TEMP_CH) if rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[lr]" .. com.cons_c .. "$") then -- [[vrba]], [[vlha]]; not reducible. (But note [[jablko]], reducible; needs override.) base.default_reducible = false elseif not base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[bkhlrmnv]$") then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") then -- Foreign nouns in -CCum seem generally non-reducible in the gen pl except for those in -Crum like [[centrum]], -- Examples: [[album]], [[verbum]], [[signum]], [[interregnum]], [[sternum]]. [[infernum]] has gen pl 'infern/inferen'. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end end -- Determine the stems to use for each stem set: vowel and nonvowel stems, for singular -- and plural. We assume that one of base.vowel_stem or base.nonvowel_stem has been -- set in determine_declension(), depending on whether the lemma ends in -- a vowel. We construct all the rest given the reducibility, vowel alternation spec and -- any explicit stems given. We store the determined stems inside of the stem-set objects -- in `base.stem_sets`, meaning that if the user gave multiple reducible or vowel-alternation -- patterns, we will compute multiple sets of stems. The reason is that the stems may vary -- depending on the reducibility and vowel alternation. local function determine_stems(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end -- Set default reducible and check for default mixed reducible, which needs to be expanded into two entries. local default_mixed_reducible = false for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == nil then stems.reducible = base.default_reducible end if stems.reducible == "mixed" then default_mixed_reducible = true end end if default_mixed_reducible then local new_stem_sets = {} for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == "mixed" then local non_reducible_copy = m_table.shallowcopy(stems) non_reducible_copy.reducible = false stems.reducible = true table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) table.insert(new_stem_sets, non_reducible_copy) else table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) end end base.stem_sets = new_stem_sets end -- Now determine all the stems for each stem set. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local lemma_is_vowel_stem = not not base.vowel_stem if base.vowel_stem then stems.vowel_stem = base.vowel_stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stems.vowel_stem -- Apply vowel alternation first in cases like jádro -> jader; apply_vowel_alternation() will throw an error -- if the vowel being modified isn't the last vowel in the stem. stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.nonvowel_stem) stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem) end else stems.nonvowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem -- The user specified #, #ě, ## or ##ě and we're dealing with a term like masculine [[bůh]] or feminine -- [[sůl]] that ends in a consonant. In this case, all slots except the nom_s and maybe acc_s have vowel -- alternation. if stems.oblique_slots then stems.oblique_slots = "all" end stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.vowel_stem = com.reduce(base.nonvowel_stem) if not stems.vowel_stem then error("Unable to reduce stem '" .. base.nonvowel_stem .. "'") end else stems.vowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem end end stems.oblique_vowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.vowel_stem) end end local function detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.pron then determine_pronoun_stems(base) elseif base.det then determine_determiner_stems(base) elseif base.num then determine_numeral_stems(base) elseif base.adj then synthesize_adj_lemma(base) elseif base.manual then if base.stem_sets then -- FIXME, maybe this should be allowed? error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with manual declensions") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "manual" else if base.number == "pl" then synthesize_singular_lemma(base) end determine_declension(base) determine_default_reducible(base) determine_stems(base) end end local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) -- Keep track of all genders seen in the singular and plural so we can determine whether to add the term to -- [[:Category:Czech nouns that change gender in the plural]]. alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders = {} alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders = {} iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.number ~= "pl" then alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders[base.user_specified_gender] = true end if base.number ~= "sg" then -- All t-stem masculines are neuter in the plural. local plgender if base.decl == "tstem-m" then plgender = "n" else plgender = base.user_specified_gender end alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders[plgender] = true end end) if (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("Can't combine pronouns, determiners and/or numerals") end end local propagate_multiword_properties local function propagate_alternant_properties(alternant_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do propagate_multiword_properties(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) if seen_property == nil then seen_property = multiword_spec[property] elseif multiword_spec[property] and seen_property ~= multiword_spec[property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end alternant_spec[property] = seen_property end propagate_multiword_properties = function(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property = nil local last_seen_nounal_pos = 0 local word_specs = multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs for i = 1, #word_specs do local is_nounal if word_specs[i].alternants then propagate_alternant_properties(word_specs[i], property, mixed_value) is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] elseif nouns_only then is_nounal = is_regular_noun(word_specs[i]) else is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] end if is_nounal then if not word_specs[i][property] then error("Internal error: noun-type word spec without " .. property .. " set") end for j = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, i - 1 do word_specs[j][property] = word_specs[j][property] or word_specs[i][property] end last_seen_nounal_pos = i if seen_property == nil then seen_property = word_specs[i][property] elseif seen_property ~= word_specs[i][property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end end if last_seen_nounal_pos > 0 then for i = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, #word_specs do word_specs[i][property] = word_specs[i][property] or word_specs[last_seen_nounal_pos][property] end end multiword_spec[property] = seen_property end local function propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) local function set_and_fetch(obj, default) local retval if obj[property] then retval = obj[property] else obj[property] = default retval = default end if not obj["user_specified_" .. property] then obj["user_specified_" .. property] = retval end return retval end local propval1 = set_and_fetch(alternant_multiword_spec, default_propval) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do local propval2 = set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval1) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do local propval3 = set_and_fetch(multiword_spec, propval2) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do local propval4 = set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval3) if propval4 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval4) end end else if propval2 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval2) end end end --[=[ Propagate `property` (one of "animacy", "gender" or "number") from nouns to adjacent adjectives. We proceed as follows: 1. We assume the properties in question are already set on all nouns. This should happen in set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(). 2. We first propagate properties upwards and sideways. We recurse downwards from the top. When we encounter a multiword spec, we proceed left to right looking for a noun. When we find a noun, we fetch its property (recursing if the noun is an alternant), and propagate it to any adjectives to its left, up to the next noun to the left. When we have processed the last noun, we also propagate its property value to any adjectives to the right (to handle e.g. [[anděl strážný]] "guardian angel", where the adjective [[strážný]] should inherit the 'masculine' and 'animate' properties of [[anděl]]). Finally, we set the property value for the multiword spec itself by combining all the non-nil properties of the individual elements. If all non-nil properties have the same value, the result is that value, otherwise it is `mixed_value` (which is "mixed" for animacy and gender, but "both" for number). 3. When we encounter an alternant spec in this process, we recursively process each alternant (which is a multiword spec) using the previous step, and combine any non-nil properties we encounter the same way as for multiword specs. 4. The effect of steps 2 and 3 is to set the property of each alternant and multiword spec based on its children or its neighbors. ]=] local function propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval, mixed_value) propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, "nouns only") propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, false) propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) end local function determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) for i, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then local is_noun = false for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for j, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do if is_regular_noun(word_spec) then multiword_spec.first_noun = j is_noun = true break end end end if is_noun then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i end elseif is_regular_noun(alternant_or_word_spec) then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i return end end end -- Set the part of speech based on properties of the individual words. local function set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) if alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "pronoun" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "determiner" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "numeral" else alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "名詞" end alternant_multiword_spec.plpos = require("モジュール:string utilities").pluralize(alternant_multiword_spec.pos) end local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end base.orig_lemma = base.lemma base.orig_lemma_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma) local lemma = base.orig_lemma_no_links -- If the lemma is all-uppercase, lowercase it but note this, so that later in combine_stem_ending() we convert it -- back to uppercase. This allows us to handle all-uppercase acronyms without a lot of extra complexity. -- FIXME: This may not make sense at all. if uupper(lemma) == lemma then base.all_uppercase = true lemma = ulower(lemma) end base.user_specified_lemma = lemma base.lemma = base.decllemma or lemma end) end local function decline_noun(base) for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if not decls[base.decl] then error("Internal error: Unrecognized declension type '" .. base.decl .. "'") end decls[base.decl](base, stems) end handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) end local function get_variants(form) return nil --[=[ FIXME return form:find(com.VAR1) and "var1" or form:find(com.VAR2) and "var2" or form:find(com.VAR3) and "var3" or nil ]=] end -- Compute the categories to add the noun to, as well as the annotation to display in the -- declension title bar. We combine the code to do these functions as both categories and -- title bar contain similar information. local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) local all_cats = {} local function insert(cattype) m_table.insertIfNot(all_cats, "チェコ語 " .. cattype) end if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "noun" then if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then insert("不可算名詞") elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then insert("pluralia tantum") end end local annotation local annparts = {} local decldescs = {} local vowelalts = {} local foreign = {} local irregs = {} local stemspecs = {} local reducible = nil local function get_genanim(gender, animacy) local gender_code_to_desc = { m = "男性名詞", f = "女性名詞", n = "中性名詞", none = nil, } local animacy_code_to_desc = { an = "有生", inan = "非有生", none = nil, } local descs = {} table.insert(descs, gender_code_to_desc[gender]) if gender ~= "f" and gender ~= "n" then -- masculine or "none" (e.g. certain pronouns and numerals) table.insert(descs, animacy_code_to_desc[animacy]) end return table.concat(descs, " ") end local function trim(text) text = text:gsub(" +", " ") return mw.text.trim(text) end local function do_word_spec(base) local actual_genanim = get_genanim(base.user_specified_gender, base.user_specified_animacy) local declined_genanim = get_genanim(base.gender, base.animacy) local genanim if actual_genanim ~= declined_genanim then genanim = ("%s (declined as %s)"):format(actual_genanim, declined_genanim) insert("nouns with actual gender different from declined gender") else genanim = actual_genanim end if base.user_specified_gender == "m" then -- Insert a category for 'Czech masculine animate nouns' or 'Czech masculine inanimate nouns'; the base categories -- [[:Category:Czech masculine nouns]], [[:Czech animate nouns]] are auto-inserted. insert(actual_genanim .. " ") end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local props = declprops[base.decl] local cats = props.cat if type(cats) == "function" then cats = cats(base, stems) end if type(cats) == "string" then cats = {cats} end local default_desc for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do if not cat:find("GENDER") and not cat:find("GENPOS") and not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " GENPOS" end cat = cat:gsub("GENPOS", "GENDER POS") if not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " POS" end if i == #cats then default_desc = cat:gsub(" POS", "") end cat = cat:gsub("GENDER", actual_genanim) cat = cat:gsub("POS", "") -- Need to trim `cat` because actual_genanim may be an empty string. insert(trim(cat)) end local desc = props.desc if type(desc) == "function" then desc = desc(base, stems) end desc = desc or default_desc desc = desc:gsub("GENDER", genanim) -- Need to trim `desc` because genanim may be an empty string. m_table.insertIfNot(decldescs, trim(desc)) local vowelalt if stems.vowelalt == "quant" then vowelalt = "quant-alt" insert("nouns with quantitative vowel alternation") elseif stems.vowelalt == "quant-ě" then vowelalt = "í-ě-alt" insert("nouns with í-ě alternation") end if vowelalt then m_table.insertIfNot(vowelalts, vowelalt) end if reducible == nil then reducible = stems.reducible elseif reducible ~= stems.reducible then reducible = "mixed" end if stems.reducible then insert("名詞 弱化語幹") end if base.foreign then m_table.insertIfNot(foreign, "外来語活用") if not base.decllemma then -- NOTE: there are nouns that use both 'foreign' and 'decllemma', e.g. [[Zeus]]. insert("名詞 規則外来語活用") end end -- User-specified 'decllemma:' indicates irregular stem. Don't consider foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es, -um/-on or -- silent -e (e.g. [[software]]) where this ending is simply dropped in oblique and plural forms as irregular; -- there are too many of these and they are already categorized above as 'nouns with regular foreign declension'. if base.decllemma then m_table.insertIfNot(irregs, "irreg-stem") insert("nouns with irregular stem") end m_table.insertIfNot(stemspecs, stems.vowel_stem) end end local key_entry = alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs >= key_entry then local alternant_or_word_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs[key_entry] if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do key_entry = multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #multiword_spec.word_specs >= key_entry then do_word_spec(multiword_spec.word_specs[key_entry]) end end else do_word_spec(alternant_or_word_spec) end end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" or alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then -- not "both" or "none" (for [[sebe]]) table.insert(annparts, alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" and "単数形のみ" or "複数形のみ") end if #decldescs == 0 then table.insert(annparts, "indecl") else table.insert(annparts, table.concat(decldescs, " // ")) end if #vowelalts > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(vowelalts, "/")) end if reducible == "mixed" then table.insert(annparts, "mixed-reducible") elseif reducible then table.insert(annparts, "弱化語幹") end if #foreign > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(foreign, " // ")) end if #irregs > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(irregs, " // ")) end alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(annparts, " ") if #stemspecs > 1 then insert("nouns with multiple stems") end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and not m_table.deepEquals(alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders, alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders) then insert("nouns that change gender in the plural") end alternant_multiword_spec.categories = all_cats end local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) local lemmas = {} for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do if alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] then for _, formobj in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot]) do -- FIXME, now can support footnotes as qualifiers in headwords? table.insert(lemmas, formobj.form) end break end end local props = { lemmas = lemmas, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, lang = lang, canonicalize = function(form) -- return com.remove_variant_codes(form) return form end, } iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props) end local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms local function template_prelude(min_width) return rsub([=[ <div> <div class="NavFrame" style="display: inline-block; min-width: MINWIDTHem"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">{title}{annotation}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {\op}| style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;min-width:MINWIDTHem" class="inflection-table" |- ]=], "MINWIDTH", min_width) end local function template_postlude() return [=[ |{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div></div>]=] end local table_spec_both = template_prelude("45") .. [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 単数 ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 複数 |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_s} | {nom_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_s} | {gen_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_s} | {dat_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_s} | {acc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_s} | {voc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_s} | {loc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_s} | {ins_p} ]=] .. template_postlude() local function get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number = [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("30") .. table_spec_one_number:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local function get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number_clitic = [=[ ! rowspan=2 style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff"| ! colspan=2 style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | 強勢あり ! style="background:#d9ebff" | clitic |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | colspan=2 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} | {clitic_gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} | {clitic_dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} | {clitic_acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | colspan=2 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | colspan=2 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | colspan=2 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("40") .. table_spec_one_number_clitic:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local notes_template = [=[ <div style="width:100%;text-align:left;background:#d9ebff"> <div style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em"> {footnote} </div></div> ]=] if alternant_multiword_spec.title then forms.title = alternant_multiword_spec.title else forms.title = '<i lang="cs">' .. forms.lemma .. 'の格変化</i>' end local annotation = alternant_multiword_spec.annotation if annotation == "" then forms.annotation = "" else forms.annotation = " (<span style=\"font-size: smaller;\">" .. annotation .. "</span>)" end local number, numcode if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then number, numcode = "singular", "s" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number, numcode = "plural", "p" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "none" then -- used for [[sebe]] number, numcode = "", "s" end local table_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and table_spec_both or alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic and get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) or get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or "" return m_string_utilities.format(table_spec, forms) end local function compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) local genders = {} local number if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number = "-p" else number = "" end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) local animacy = base.animacy if animacy == "inan" then animacy = "in" end m_table.insertIfNot(genders, base.gender .. "-" .. animacy .. number) end) return genders end -- Externally callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments. -- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the declined forms are in -- `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the -- slot key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects -- {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.do_generate_forms(parent_args, from_headword) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "bůh<m.an.#.voce>"}, title = {}, pagename = {}, json = {type = "boolean"}, pos = {}, } if from_headword then params["head"] = {list = true} params["lemma"] = {list = true} params["g"] = {list = true} params["f"] = {list = true} params["m"] = {list = true} params["adj"] = {list = true} params["dim"] = {list = true} params["id"] = {} end local args = m_para.process(parent_args, params) local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = parse_indicator_spec, angle_brackets_omittable = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(args[1], parse_props) alternant_multiword_spec.title = args.title alternant_multiword_spec.args = args local pagename = args.pagename or from_headword and args.head[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) -- These need to happen before detect_all_indicator_specs() so that adjectives get their genders and numbers set -- appropriately, which are needed to correctly synthesize the adjective lemma. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "animacy", "inan", "mixed") propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "number", "both", "both") -- FIXME, the default value (third param) used to be 'm' with a comment indicating that this applied only to -- plural adjectives, where it didn't matter; but in Czech, plural adjectives are distinguished for gender and -- animacy. Make sure 'mixed' works. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "gender", "mixed", "mixed") detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots = get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) local inflect_props = { skip_slot = function(slot) return skip_slot(alternant_multiword_spec.number, slot) end, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, get_variants = get_variants, inflect_word_spec = decline_noun, } iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props) compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.genders = compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) if args.json then alternant_multiword_spec.args = nil return require("モジュール:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec) end return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Entry point for {{cs-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given -- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local alternant_multiword_spec = export.do_generate_forms(parent_args) if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then -- JSON return value return alternant_multiword_spec end show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) .. require("モジュール:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat) end return export 1itgxeq1oy9ai3d0s4egzrghjjiyd69 2280320 2280319 2026-06-07T11:43:44Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280320 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] --[=[ TERMINOLOGY: -- "slot" = A particular combination of case/number. Example slot names for nouns are "gen_s" (genitive singular) and "voc_p" (vocative plural). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms. -- "form" = The declined Czech form representing the value of a given slot. -- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Czech term. Generally the nominative masculine singular, but may occasionally be another form if the nominative masculine singular is missing. ]=] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Finish synthesize_singular_lemma(). [DONE] 2. Implement feminines in -ea, -oa/-ua, -ia, -oe. [DONE] 3. Implement "mixed" masculine nouns in -l, -n, -t (each different, also inanimate vs. animate). [DONE] 4. Allow 'stem:' override after vowel-final words like [[centurio]]. [DONE using decllemma:] 5. Support masculine foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es. [DONE] 6. Support masculine foreign nouns in -ius/-etc. [DONE] 7. Support masculine foreign nouns in unpronounced final -e (e.g. [[software]]). [DONE] 8. Support neuter foreign nouns in -um/-on. [DONE] 9. Support neuter foreign nouns in -ium/-ion. [DONE] 10. Support paired body parts, e.g. [[ruka]], [[noha]], [[oko]], [[ucho]], [[koleno]], [[rameno]]. [WON'T DO; JUST SEPARATE THE MEANINGS AND GIVE THEM DIFFERENT DECLENSIONS] 11. Support masculine nouns in -e/ě that are neuter in the plural. [DONE] 12. Correctly handle -e vs. -ě, e.g. soft neuters have both [[kutě]] and [[poledne]]. [DONE] 13. Always use specified lemma in nom_pl and maybe acc_pl when plurale tantum. [DONE] 14. Support feminine nouns in -ca/-ča/-ša/-ža. [DONE] 15. Support feminine nouns in -ja/-ňa. [DONE] 16. Support mixed i-stem feminine nouns. [DONE] 17. Support "c as k" feminine nouns like [[ayahuasca]]. 18. Support 'declgender'. [DONE] 19. Support pronouns with clitics. [DONE] 20. Singular-only and plural-only terms should not have number in accelerator form. [DONE] 21. Support [[úterý]] (like neuters in -í). [DONE] 22. Support feminines in -i ([[máti]], [[pramáti]]). [DONE] 23. Support foreign nouns in -ie ([[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]]). [DONE] 24. Support foreign nouns in -í ([[muftí]], [[qádí]]). [DONE] 25. Support manual declensions. [DONE] 26. Support numerals. [DONE] 27. Allow for reducible spec in pluralia tantum and dereduce accordingly; also automatically assign reducibility if singular stem ends in -Ck or -Cc. [DONE] 28. Use `pos` value in all categories. 29. Support determiners [[kolik]], [[tolik]], [[několik]], [[mnoho]]. [DONE] 30. Support a '.velar' indicator for foreign names whose pronunciation but not spelling ends in a velar: [[Remarque]], [[Braque]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]], [[Jake]] with vocative 'Remarquu', 'Braquu', 'Mikeu', 'Drakeu', 'Jakeu'. In general we need more thought around such foreign names; essentially, for names in a silent e, sometimes the -e is dropped in all oblique forms (e.g. [[Shakespeare]], [[Pierre]], [[Barrande]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Braque]], [[Remarque]] with gen sg 'Shakespeara', 'Pierra', Barranda', 'La Fontaina', 'Braqua', 'Remarqua') and sometimes it's kept in all oblique forms except those ending in an -e, where -ee is avoided (e.g. [[Pete]], [[Gable]], [[Jake]], [[White]], [[Byrne]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]] with gen sg 'Petea', 'Gablea' etc. and voc sg 'Pete', 'Gable' but 'Jakeu', 'Mikeu'). Sometimes there are doublets, e.g. [[Hubble]] and [[Hume]] have gen sg 'Hubbla/Hubblea' (where the second form is used among astronomers in a technical sense and the first form may be more popular) and 'Huma/Humea'. We already have a '.foreign' indicator that when applied to a noun ending in -e drops the -e in oblique forms e.g. for [[software]]. We may need to combine this with an explicit indicator of hard, soft or velar as there will be names with silent -e and preceding soft consonant e.g. [[Bruce]], [[Coleridge]]. Note that when the -e is kept it is still dropped before front vowels, hence dat sg 'Bruci'/Bruceovi'. Need some investigation in IJP and cswikt. ]=] local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("cs") local m_table = require("モジュール:table") local m_links = require("モジュール:links") local m_string_utilities = require("モジュール:string utilities") local iut = require("モジュール:inflection utilities") local put = require("モジュール:parse utilities") local m_para = require("モジュール:parameters") local com = require("モジュール:cs-common") local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local NAMESPACE = current_title.nsText local PAGENAME = current_title.text local u = mw.ustring.char local rsplit = mw.text.split local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rgmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local ulen = mw.ustring.len local usub = mw.ustring.sub local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local force_cat = false -- set to true to make categories appear in non-mainspace pages, for testing -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end local function track(track_id) require("モジュール:debug/track")("cs-noun/" .. track_id) return true end local output_noun_slots = { nom_s = "nom|s", nom_s_linked = "nom|s", gen_s = "gen|s", gen_s_linked = "gen|s", clitic_gen_s = "clitic|gen|s", dat_s = "dat|s", clitic_dat_s = "clitic|dat|s", acc_s = "acc|s", clitic_acc_s = "clitic|acc|s", voc_s = "voc|s", loc_s = "loc|s", ins_s = "ins|s", nom_p = "nom|p", nom_p_linked = "nom|p", gen_p = "gen|p", dat_p = "dat|p", acc_p = "acc|p", voc_p = "voc|p", loc_p = "loc|p", ins_p = "ins|p", } local function get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) -- FIXME: To save memory we modify the table in-place. This won't work if we ever end up with multiple calls to -- this module in the same Lua invocation, and we would need to clone the table. if alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "both" then for slot, accel_form in pairs(output_noun_slots) do output_noun_slots[slot] = accel_form:gsub("|[sp]$", "") end end return output_noun_slots end local potential_lemma_slots = {"nom_s", "nom_p", "gen_s"} local cases = { nom = true, gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, voc = true, loc = true, ins = true, } local clitic_cases = { gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, } local function dereduce(stem) local dereduced_stem = com.dereduce(stem) if not dereduced_stem then error("Unable to dereduce stem '" .. stem .. "'") end return dereduced_stem end --[=[ Maybe modify the stem and/or ending in certain special cases: 1. Final -e in vocative singular triggers first palatalization of the stem in some cases (e.g. hard masc). 2. Endings beginning with ě, i, í trigger second palatalization, as does -e in the loc_s. NOTE: Correctly handling -e vs. -ě and -tdn/-ťďň alternations is tricky. We have to deal with the following: 1. Soft-stem and t-stem neuters can have either -e or -ě. With coronals we have both [[poledne]] "noon" with /n/ and [[kutě]] "bed" with /ť/. We also have soft-stem neuter [[Labe]] with /b/ vs. t-stem neuter [[hříbě]] with /bj/. 2. Underlying palatal coronals maintain their nature before back vowels and when not followed by a vowel, e.g. [[štěně]] "puppy" becomes 'štěňata' in the nom/acc/voc plural and [[přítelkyně]] "girlfriend" becomes 'přítelkyň' in the gen plural, but underlying palatal labials become non-palatal, e.g. [[hříbě]] "foal" becomes 'hříbata' in the nom/acc/voc plural. 3. There are at least four types of endings beginning with '-e': a. "maintaining" endings, e.g. instrumental singular '-em', which do not change the nature of the consonant, e.g. [[zákon]] "law" becomes 'zákonem' while [[vězeň]] "prisoner" becomes 'vězeněm'; b. "palatalizing" endings, e.g. locative singular '-e', which palatalizes t/d/n (and more generally applies the Slavic second palatalization, e.g. k -> c, r -> ř), e.g. [[žena]] "woman" becomes 'ženě'; c. "depalatalizing" endings, e.g. feminine i-stem dative plural '-em', which actively depalatalize ť/ď/ň, e.g. [[oběť]] "sacrifice, victim" becomes 'obětem'; d. vocative singular '-e' of hard-stem masculines, which applies the Slavic first palatalization in some circumstances (e.g. k -> č, Cr -> Cř, sometimes c -> č). The way we handle this as follows: 1. We maintain the underlying stems always in their "pronounced" form, i.e. if the last consonant is pronounced ť/ď/ň we maintain the stem in that form, but if pronounced t/d/n, we use those consonants. Hence neuter [[poledne]] "noon" has stem 'poledn-' but neuter [[štěně]] "puppy" has stem 'štěň'. If the stem ends in labial + /j/, we use a special TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL character after the labial (rather than 'j', in case of stems that actually have a written 'j' in them such as [[banjo]]). 2. We signal types (a), (b) and (c) above using respectively 'e', 'ě' and 'E'. Type (d) uses 'e' and sets `base.palatalize_voc`. 3. In combine_stem_ending(), we convert the stem back to the written form before adding the ending. If the ending begins with -e, this may entail converting -e to -ě, and in all cases -E is converted to -e. "Converting to the written form" converts ť/ď/ň to plain equivalents and deletes TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL before -e, converting -e to -ě with such consonants. The same conversions happen before other front consonants -ě/-é/-i/-í, which don't allow ť/ď/ň to precede, and in all cases with TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL, which is not an actual consonant. 4. If the ending is specified using -ě, this is maintained after plain coronals and labials in combine_stem_ending(), and converted to -e in other cases. 5. Applying the first and second palatalization happens below in apply_special_cases(). ]=] local function apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) local palatalize_voc if slot == "voc_s" and ending == "e" and base.palatalize_voc then local palstem = com.apply_first_palatalization(stem) -- According to IJP, nouns ending in -Cr palatalize in the vocative, but those in -Vr don't. In reality, -- though, it's more complex. It appears that animate nouns in -Cr tend to palatalize but inanimate nouns -- do it optionally. Specifics: -- -- Inanimate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed second): [[alabastr]], [[amfiteátr]], [[barometr]], -- [[centilitr]], [[centrimetr]], [[decilitr]], [[decimetr]], [[Dněstr]], [[filtr]], [[galvanometr]], -- [[hektolitr]], [[kalorimetr]], [[litr]], [[lustr]], [[manometr]], [[manšestr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both -- animate and inanimate), [[mikrometr]], [[miliampérmetr]], [[mililitr]], [[nanometr]], [[orchestr]], -- [[parametr]], [[piastr]], [[půllitr]], [[radiometr]], [[registr]], [[rotmistr]], [[semestr]], [[skútr]], -- [[spirometr]], [[svetr]], [[šutr]], [[tachometr]], [[titr]], [[vítr]] (NOTE: has í-ě alternation), -- [[voltmetr]]; [[bagr]], [[bunkr]], [[cedr]], [[Dněpr]], [[fofr]], [[habr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hadr]] -- (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hamr]], [[kafr]], [[kepr]], [[kopr]], [[koriandr]], [[krekr]], [[kufr]], -- [[Kypr]], [[lágr]], [[lógr]], [[manévr]], [[masakr]], [[okr]], [[oleandr]], [[pulovr]], [[šlágr]], -- [[vichr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[žánr]] -- -- -- Inanimate nouns that don't palatalize: [[ampérmetr]], [[anemometr]], [[sfygmomanometr]], [[sfygmometr]]; -- [[dodekaedr]], [[Hamr]], [[ikozaedr]], [[kvádr]], [[sandr]], [[torr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns that palatalize: [[arbitr]], [[bratr]], [[ekonometr]], [[foniatr]], [[fotr]], [[geometr]], -- [[kmotr]], [[lotr]], [[magistr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both animate and inanimate), [[ministr]], [[mistr]], -- [[pediatr]], [[Petr]], [[psychiatr]], [[purkmistr]], [[setr]], [[šamstr]]; [[bobr]], [[fajnšmekr]], -- [[humr]], [[hypochondr]], [[kapr]], [[lídr]], [[negr]], [[obr]], [[salamandr]], [[sólokapr]], [[švagr]], -- [[tygr]], [[zlobr]], [[zubr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed first): [[Silvestr]]; [[Alexandr]], [[snajpr]] -- -- Note the inconsistencies, e.g. [[sfygmomanometr]] and [[ampérmetr]] don't palatalize but [[manometr]] and -- [[miliampérmetr]] do it optionally. In reality, inanimate vocatives are extremely rare so this may not be the -- final word. if base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") and not rfind(stem, "rr$") then -- optional r -> ř stem = {stem, palstem} else stem = palstem end elseif rfind(ending, "^[ěií]") or slot == "loc_s" and ending == "e" then if rfind(stem, "ck$") and rfind(base.lemma, "ck$") then -- IJP says nouns in -ck (back, comeback, crack, deadlock, hatchback, hattrick, joystick, paperback, quarterback, -- rock, soundtrack, track, truck) simplify the resulting -cc ending in the loc_p to -c. Similarly [[quarterback]] -- has nom_pl 'quarterbaci, quarterbackove'. We need to check the lemma as well because nouns in -cek don't do this. stem = rsub(stem, "ck$", "k") end -- loc_s of hard masculines is sometimes -e/ě; the user might indicate this as -e, which we should handle -- correctly stem = com.apply_second_palatalization(stem) end return stem, ending end local function skip_slot(number, slot) return number == "sg" and rfind(slot, "_p$") or number == "pl" and rfind(slot, "_s$") end -- Basic function to combine stem(s) and ending(s) and insert the result into the appropriate slot. `stems` is either -- the `stems` object passed into the declension functions (containing the various stems; see below) or a string to -- override the stem. (NOTE: If you pass a string in as `stems`, you should pass the value of `stems.footnotes` as the -- value of `footnotes` as it will be lost otherwise. If you need to supply your own footnote in addition, use -- iut.combine_footnotes() to combine any user-specified footnote(s) with your footnote(s).) `endings` is either a -- string specifying a single ending or a list of endings. If `endings` is nil, no forms are inserted. If an ending is -- "-", the value of `stems` is ignored and the lemma is used instead as the stem; this is important in case the user -- used `decllemma:` to specify a declension lemma different from the actual lemma, or specified '.foreign' (which has -- a similar effect). local function add(base, slot, stems, endings, footnotes) if not endings then return end if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then return end local stems_footnotes = type(stems) == "table" and stems.footnotes or nil footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, stems_footnotes), footnotes) if type(endings) == "string" then endings = {endings} end for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Compute the stem. If ending is "-", use the lemma regardless. Otherwise if `stems` is a string, use it. -- Otherwise `stems` is an object containing four stems (vowel-vs-non-vowel cross regular-vs-oblique); -- compute the appropriate stem based on the slot and whether the ending begins with a vowel. local stem if ending == "-" then stem = base.user_specified_lemma ending = "" elseif type(stems) == "string" then stem = stems else local is_vowel_ending = rfind(ending, "^" .. com.vowel_c) if stems.oblique_slots == "all" or (stems.oblique_slots == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique") and slot == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique" and (slot == "ins_s" or slot == "dat_p" or slot == "loc_p" or slot == "ins_p") then if is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.oblique_vowel_stem else stem = stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem end elseif is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.vowel_stem else stem = stems.nonvowel_stem end end -- Maybe apply the first or second Slavic palatalization. stem, ending = apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) ending = iut.combine_form_and_footnotes(ending, footnotes) local function combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) return com.combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stem, ending, combine_stem_ending) end end local function process_slot_overrides(base, do_slot) for slot, overrides in pairs(base.overrides) do if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then error("Override specified for invalid slot '" .. slot .. "' due to '" .. base.number .. "' number restriction") end if do_slot(slot) then base.slot_overridden[slot] = true base.forms[slot] = nil for _, override in ipairs(overrides) do for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do local form = value.form local combined_notes = iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, value.footnotes) if override.full then if form ~= "" then iut.insert_form(base.forms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = combined_notes}) end else -- Convert a null ending to "-" in the acc/voc sg slots so that e.g. [[Kerberos]] declared as -- <m.sg.foreign.gena:u.acc-:a> works correctly and generates accusative 'Kerberos/Kerbera' not -- #'Kerber/Kerbera'. if (slot == "acc_s" or slot == "voc_s") and form == "" then form = "-" end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do add(base, slot, stems, form, combined_notes) end end end end end end end local function add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nom_p, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) if base.number == "pl" then -- If this is a plurale tantum noun and we're processing the nominative plural, use the user-specified lemma -- rather than generating the plural from the synthesized singular, which may not match the specified lemma -- (e.g. [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" using <m.pl.mixed> would try to generate 'tvargle/tvargly', and [[peníze]] -- "money" using <m.pl.#ě.genpl-> would try to generate 'peněze'). local acc_p_like_nom = m_table.deepEquals(nom_p, acc_p) nom_p = "-" if acc_p_like_nom then acc_p = "-" end end add(base, "nom_p", stems, nom_p, footnotes) add(base, "gen_p", stems, gen_p, footnotes) add(base, "dat_p", stems, dat_p, footnotes) add(base, "acc_p", stems, acc_p, footnotes) add(base, "loc_p", stems, loc_p, footnotes) add(base, "ins_p", stems, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, footnotes) end local function add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "-", gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, gen_s, clitic_gen_s, dat_s, clitic_dat_s, acc_s, clitic_acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes, no_nom_s ) if not no_nom_s then add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) end add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_gen_s", stems, clitic_gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_dat_s", stems, clitic_dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_acc_s", stems, clitic_acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) end local function handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) local function is_non_derived_slot(slot) return slot ~= "voc_p" and slot ~= "acc_s" and slot ~= "clitic_acc_s" end local function is_derived_slot(slot) return not is_non_derived_slot(slot) end base.slot_overridden = {} -- Handle overrides for the non-derived slots. Do this before generating the derived -- slots so overrides of the source slots (e.g. nom_p) propagate to the derived slots. process_slot_overrides(base, is_non_derived_slot) -- Generate the remaining slots that are derived from other slots. if not base.pron and not base.det then -- Pronouns don't have a vocative (singular or plural). iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_p", base.forms.nom_p) end if not base.forms.acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "gen_s"]) end if not base.forms.clitic_acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.clitic_acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "clitic_acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "clitic_gen_s"]) end -- Handle overrides for derived slots, to allow them to be overridden. process_slot_overrides(base, is_derived_slot) -- Compute linked versions of potential lemma slots, for use in {{cs-noun}}. -- We substitute the original lemma (before removing links) for forms that -- are the same as the lemma, if the original lemma has links. for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot .. "_linked", iut.map_forms(base.forms[slot], function(form) if form == base.orig_lemma_no_links and rfind(base.orig_lemma, "%[%[") then return base.orig_lemma else return form end end)) end end -- Table mapping declension types to functions to decline the noun. The function takes two arguments, `base` and -- `stems`; the latter specifies the computed stems (vowel vs. non-vowel, singular vs. plural) and whether the noun -- is reducible and/or has vowel alternations in the stem. Most of the specifics of determining which stem to use -- and how to modify it for the given ending are handled in add_decl(); the declension functions just need to generate -- the appropriate endings. local decls = {} -- Table specifying additional properties for declension types. Every declension type must have such a table, which -- specifies which category or categories to add and what annotation to show in the title bar of the declension table. -- -- * Only the `cat` property of this table is mandatory; there is also a `desc` property to specify the annotation, but -- this can be omitted and the annotation will then be computed from the `cat` property. The `cat` property is either -- a string, a list of strings or a function (of two arguments, `base` and `stems` as above) returning a string or -- list of strings. The string can contain the keywords GENDER to substitute the gender (and animacy for masculine -- nouns) and POS (to substitute the pluralized part of speech). The keyword GENPOS is equivalent to 'GENDER POS'. If -- no keyword is present, ' GENPOS' is added onto the end. If only GENDER is present, ' POS' is added onto the end. -- In all cases, the language name is added onto the beginning to form the full category name. -- * The `desc` property is of the same form as the `cat` property and specifies the annotation to display in the title -- bar (which may have the same format as the category minus the part of speech, or may be abbreviated). The value -- may not be a list of strings, as only one annotation is displayed. If omitted, it is derived from the category -- spec(s) by taking the last category (if more than one is given) and removing ' POS' before keyword substitution. local declprops = {} -- Return the default masculine animate nominative plural ending(s) given `base` and `stems`. This is called for hard -- and soft masculines ending in a consonant, but not for nouns ending in a vowel, which have their own defaults -- (particularly nouns in -a, where -ista/-ita/-asta behave differently from other nouns in -a). local function default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) return -- [monosyllabic words: Dánové, Irové, králové, mágové, Rusové, sokové, synové, špehové, zběhové, zeťové, manové, danové -- (but Žid → Židé, Čech → Češi).] -- There are too many exceptions to this to make a special rule. It is better to use -- the overall default of -i and require that cases with -ove, -ove/-i, -i/-ove, etc. use overrides. -- com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) and "ové" or -- terms in -cek/-ček; order of -ové vs. -i sometimes varies: -- [[fracek]] (ové/i), [[klacek]] (i/ové), [[macek]] (ové/i), [[nácek]] (i/ové), [[prcek]] (ové/i), [[racek]] (ové/i); -- [[bazilišek]] (i/ové), [[černoušek]] (i/ové), [[drahoušek]] (ové/i), [[fanoušek]] (i/ové), [[františek]] (an/inan, -- ends in -i/-y but not -ové), [[koloušek]] (-i only), [[kulíšek]] (i/ové), [[oříšek]] (i/ové), [[papoušek]] (-i only), -- [[prášek]] (i/ové), [[šašek]] (i/ové). -- make sure to check `stems` as we don't want to include non-reducible words in -cek/-ček/-šek (but do want to include -- [[quarterback]], with -i/-ové) rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[cčš]k$") and {"i", "ové"} or -- barmani, gentlemani, jazzmani, kameramani, narkomani, ombudsmani, pivotmani, rekordmani, showmani, supermani, toxikomani rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*man$") and "i" or -- terms ending in -an after a palatal or a consonant that doesn't change when palatalized, i.e. labial or l (but -man -- forms -mani unless in a proper noun): Brňan → Brňané, křesťan → křesťané, měšťan → měšťané, Moravan → Moravané, -- občan → občané, ostrovan → ostrované, Pražan → Pražané, Slovan → Slované, svatebčan → svatebčané, venkovan → venkované, -- Australan → Australané; some late formations pluralize this way but don't have a palatal consonant preceding the -an, -- e.g. [[pohan]], [[Oděsan]]; these need manual overrides rfind(base.lemma, "[" .. com.inherently_soft .. com.labial .. "l]an$") and {"é", "i"} or -- most now can also take -i -- proper names: Baťové, Novákové, Petrové, Tomášové, Vláďové; exclude demonyms (but include surnames) rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and (base.surname or not rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$")) and "ové" or -- demonyms: [[Albánec]], [[Gruzínec]], [[Izraelec]], [[Korejec]], [[Libyjec]], [[Litevec]], [[Němec]], [[Portugalec]] rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c .. ".*[eě]c$") and "i" or -- From here on down, we're dealing only with lowercase terms. -- buditelé, budovatelé, čekatelé, činitelé, hostitelé, jmenovatelé, pisatelé, ručitelé, velitelé, živitelé rfind(base.lemma, ".*tel$") and "é" or -- nouns in -j: čaroděj → čarodějové, lokaj → lokajové, patricij → patricijové, plebej → plebejové, šohaj → šohajové, žokej → žokejové -- nouns in -l: apoštol → apoštolové, břídil → břídilové, fňukal → fňukalové, hýřil → hýřilové, kutil → kutilové, -- loudal → loudalové, mazal → mazalové, škrabal → škrabalové, škudlil → škudlilové, vyvrhel → vyvrhelové, žvanil → žvanilové -- (we excluded those in -tel above) rfind(base.lemma, ".*[jl]$") and "ové" or -- archeolog → archeologové, biolog → biologové, geolog → geologové, meteorolog → meteorologové rfind(base.lemma, ".*log$") and "ové" or -- dramaturg → dramaturgové, chirurg → chirurgové rfind(base.lemma, ".*urg$") and "ové" or -- fotograf → fotografové, geograf → geografové, lexikograf → lexikografové rfind(base.lemma, ".*graf$") and "ové" or -- bibliofil → bibliofilové, germanofil → germanofilové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fil$") and "ové" or -- rusofob → rusofobové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fob$") and "ové" or -- agronom → agronomové, ekonom → ekonomové rfind(base.lemma, ".*nom$") and "ové" or "i" end decls["hard-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Nouns ending in hard -c, e.g. [[hec]] "joke", [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", don't palatalize. base.palatalize_voc = not rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "c$") base.hard_c = true local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- See [https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=360] on declension of toponyms. local toponym = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) -- Some toponyms take -a in the genitive singular, e.g. toponyms in -ín ([[Zlín]], [[Jičín]], [[Berlín]]); -- -ýn ([[Hostýn]], [[Londýn]]); -ov ([[Havířov]]); and -ev ([[Bezdrev]]), as do some others, e.g. domestic -- [[Beroun]], [[Brandýs]], [[Náchod]], [[Tábor]] and foreign [[Betlém]] "Bethlehem", [[Egypt]], -- [[Jeruzalém]] "Jerusalem", [[Milán]] "Milan", [[Řím]] "Rome", [[Rýn]] "Rhine". Also some transferred from -- common nouns e.g. ([[Nový]]) [[Kostel]], ([[Starý]]) [[Rybník]]. local toponym_gen_a = toponym and (rfind(base.lemma, "[íý]n$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[oe]v$")) -- Toponyms in -ík (Mělník, Braník, Rakovník, Lipník) seem to fluctuate between gen -a and -u. Also some in -- ‑štejn, ‑berg, ‑perk, ‑burk, ‑purk (Rabštejn, Heidelberg, Kašperk, Hamburk, Prešpurk) and some others: -- Zbiroh, Kamýk, Příbor, Zábřeh, Žebrák, Praděd. local toponym_gen_a_u = toponym and rfind(base.lemma, "ík$") -- Toponyms that take -a in the genitive singular tend to take -ě in the locative singular; so do those in -- -štejn (Rabštejn), -hrad (Petrohrad), -grad (Volgograd). local toponym_loc_e = toponym and (toponym_gen_a or rfind(base.lemma, "štejn$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[gh]rad$")) -- Toponyms in -ík seem to fluctuate between loc -ě and -u. local toponym_loc_e_u = toponym_gen_a_u -- Inanimate gen_s in -a other than toponyms in -ín/-ýn/-ev/-ov (e.g. [[zákon]] "law", [[oběd]] "lunch", [[kostel]] "church", -- [[dnešek]] "today", [[leden]] "January", [[trujúhelník]] "triangle") needs to be given manually, using '<gena>'. local gen_s = toponym_gen_a and "a" or toponym_gen_a_u and {"a", "u"} or base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or "a" -- Animates with dat_s only in -u (e.g. [[člověk]] "person", [[Bůh]] "God") need to give this manually, -- using '<datu>'. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} -- Inanimates with loc_s in -e/ě other than certain toponyms (see above) need to give this manually, using <locě>, but -- it will trigger the second palatalization automatically. local loc_s = toponym_loc_e and "ě" or toponym_loc_e_u and {"ě", "u"} or dat_s -- Velar-stem animates with voc_s in -e (e.g. [[Bůh]] "God", voc_s 'Bože'; [[člověk]] "person", voc_s 'člověče') -- need to give this manually using <voce>; it will trigger the first palatalization automatically. local voc_s = velar and "u" or "e" -- 'e' will trigger first palatalization in apply_special_cases() -- Nom_p in -i will trigger second palatalization in apply_special_cases(). local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "y" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- Per IJP and Janda and Townsend: -- * loc_p in -ích is currently the default for velars but not otherwise; it will automatically trigger the second -- palatalization (e.g. [[práh]] "threshold", loc_p 'prazích'). Otherwise, -ích needs to be given manually using -- <locplích>, e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel"; likewise for loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate"), using <locplách>. -- * Inanimate hard nouns in -c normally have -ech: [[hec]] "joke", [[tác]] "tray", [[truc]], [[kec]], [[frc]], -- [[flanc]], [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", [[pokec]] "chat". -- In the IJP tables, inanimate reducible nouns in -ček (and most in -cek, although there are many fewer; also some -- in -žek, but in this case it's too inconsistent to make the default) regularly have both -ích and -ách in the -- locative plural, while similar animate nouns only have -ích. This applies even to nouns like [[háček]] and -- [[koníček]] that can be either animate or inanimate. Make sure to exclude nouns in -ck such as [[comeback]] and -- [[joystick]], which have only -ích. local loc_p = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "[cč]ek$") and rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "[cč]k$") and {"ích", "ách"} or velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", -- loc_p in -ích not after velar stems (e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel") needs to be given manually -- using <locplích>; it will automatically trigger the second palatalization; loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate") also needs to be given manually using <locplách> nom_p, "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["hard-m"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * Animate in -ius: génius, nuncius, nonius (breed of horse), notárius, ordinárius, patricius, primárius, -- pronuncius, various names -- * Animate in -eus: farizeus, basileus, pygmeus ([[skarabeus]] inflects hard in the plural), various names -- * Inanimate in -ius: nonius (measuring device), rádius, sestercius -- NOTE: Inanimate nouns in -eus (nukleus, choreus) inflect hard in the plural local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "ové" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "e", loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["semisoft-m"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-m"] = function(base, stems) base.palatalize_voc = true -- animates with dat_s only in -i need to give this manually, using '<dati>' local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s -- Per IJP, the vast majority of soft masculine animates take -i in the voc_s, but those in -ec/-ěc take -e with first -- palatalization to -če, e.g. [[otec]] "father", [[lovec]] "hunter", [[blbec]] "fool, idiot", [[horolezec]] -- "mountaineer", [[znalec]] "expert", [[chlapec]] "boy", [[nadšenec]] "enthusiast", [[luněc]] (type of bird). -- Demonyms but not surnames ending in -ec but beginning with a capital letter take either -e or -i (only the former -- triggers the first palatalization). Examples: [[Portugalec]], [[Slovinec]] "Slovenian", [[Japonec]], [[Vietnamec]]. -- Not [[Kadlec]] (surname). local voc_s = base.animacy == "an" and rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$") and stems.reducible and (not base.surname and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and {"e", "i"} or "e") or "i" local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- nouns with loc_p in -ech (e.g. [[cíl]] "goal") need to give this manually, using <locplech> add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["soft-m"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-m"] = function(base, stems) -- NOTE: IJP tends to list the soft endings first, but per their section on this -- (https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=220), the hard endings tend to predominate in modern use, so we list them -- first. if base.animacy == "an" then if rfind(base.lemma, "l$") then -- [[anděl]] "angel", [[manžel]] "husband", [[strašpytel]] "coward"; 'strašpytel' has a different declension -- from the other two, with more soft forms. [[manžel]] has plural in -é or -ové and needs an override. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "i", loc_s, "em", "é", "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -s/-z: rorýs, platýs, pilous, markýz, všekaz, stávkokaz, penězokaz, listokaz, dřevokaz, zrnokaz, boss. -- Others recently moving towards this declension: primas, karas, kalous, konipas, ibis, chabrus, chuďas, -- kakabus, kliďas, kandrdas, morous, vágus. -- Some names: Alois, Mánes. -- Both hard and soft endings throughout. Most have -i and -ové in the nominative plural. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"u", "i", "ovi"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, dat_s, nil, {"e", "i"}, loc_s, "em", {"i", "ové"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) end else -- Given in IJP: burel, hnědel, chmel, krevel, kužel, námel, plevel, tmel, zádrhel, apríl, artikul, koukol, rubl, -- úběl, plus reducible nouns cumel, chrchel, [[kotel]] "cauldron", sopel, uhel. Also [[městys]]. Many of them are listed in the -- IJP tables with only hard or with fewer soft forms, so need to be investigated individually. if rfind(base.lemma, "[ls]$") then add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, {"e", "i"}, {"u", "e", "i"}, "em", {"y", "e"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -n/-t; hard in the plural: hřeben, ječmen, [[kámen]] "stone", kmen, kořen, křemen, plamen, -- [[pramen]] "source", [[řemen]] "strap", den, týden, [[loket]] "elbow". -- There may be deviations (e.g. soft plural forms for [[den]]), so need to be investigated individually. add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, "i", {"u", "i"}, "em", "y", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end end end declprops["mixed-m"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["a-m"] = function(base, stems) -- husita → husité, izraelita → izraelité, jezuita → jezuité, kosmopolita → kosmopolité, táborita → táborité -- fašista → fašisté, filatelista → filatelisté, fotbalista → fotbalisté, kapitalista → kapitalisté, -- marxista → marxisté, šachista → šachisté, terorista → teroristé. NOTE: most these words actually appear in -- the IJP tables with -é/-i, so we go accordingly. -- -- gymnasta → gymnasté, fantasta → fantasté; also chiliasta, orgiasta, scholiasta, entuziasta, dynasta, ochlasta, -- sarkasta, vymasta; NOTE: Only 'gymnasta' actually given with just -é; 'fantasta' with -ové/-é, 'dynasta' and -- 'ochlasta' with just -ové, vymasta not in IJP (no plural given in SSJC), and the rest with -é/-i. So we go -- accordingly. local it_ist = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "is?t$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "ast$") -- Velar nouns (e.g. [[sluha]] "servant") have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. Nouns whose stem ends in a soft consonant ([[rikša]], [[paša]], [[bača]], [[mahárádža]], -- [[paňáca]], etc.) behave likewise. -- FIXME: [[pária]] "pariah", [[Maria]] etc. local loc_p = (rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$")) and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "y", "ovi", "u", "o", "ovi", "ou", it_ist and {"é", "i"} or "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["a-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -a" } decls["e-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zachránce]] "savior"; [[soudce]] "judge"; etc. -- At least two inanimates: [[průvodce]] "guide, guidebook; computing wizard"; [[správce]] "manager (software program), configuration program" local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", -- nouns with -ové as well (e.g. [[soudce]] "judge") will need to specify that manually, e.g. <nompli:ové> base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "i", "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["e-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -e" } decls["i-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)"; [[kuli]] "coolie"; [[lori]] "lory, lorikeet (bird)" (loc_pl 'loriech/loriích/lorich'); -- [[vini]] "parrot of the genus Vini"; [[yetti]]/[[yeti]] "yeti". other examples: [[aguti]], [[efendi]], [[hadži]], -- [[pekari]], [[regenschori]], [[yetti]]/[[yeti]]. -- -- [[grizzly]]/[[grizly]] "grizzly bear"; [[pony]] "pony"; [[husky]] "husky"; [[dandy]] "dandy"; [[Billy]] "billy". -- -- NOTE: Some nouns in -y are regular soft stems, e.g. [[gay]] "gay person"; [[gray]] "gray (unit of absorbed -- radiation)"; [[Nagy]] (surname). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i/-y. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", -- ins_pl 'kivii/kivimi' {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, {"ích", "ch"}, {"i", "mi"}) end declprops["i-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i/-y" } decls["í-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kádí]] "qadi (Islamic judge)", [[mahdí]] "Mahdi (Islamic prophet)", [[muftí]] "mufti (Islamic scholar)", -- [[sipáhí]] "sipahi (Algerian cavalryman in the French army)" -- -- No obvious examples in -ý, but the support is there. -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, "ích", "mi") end declprops["í-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["ie-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zombie]] "zombie" (also fem/neut), [[hippie]] "hippie", [[yuppie]] "yuppie", [[rowdie]] "rowdy/hooligan" -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i (not -ie, because of the plural). add_decl(base, stems, "eho", "emu", nil, "-", "em", "em", {"ové", "es"}, {"ů", "es"}, {"ům", "es"}, {"e", "es"}, {"ích", "es"}, {"i", "es"}) end declprops["ie-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ie" } decls["o-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kápo]] "head, leader"; [[lamželezo]] "strongman"; [[torero]] "bullfighter"; [[žako]] "African gray parrot"; -- [[dingo]] "dingo"; [[kakapo]] "kakapo" (given in Wiktionary with dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only not -ovi/-u; probably -- wrong but not in IJP); [[maestro]] "maestro"; [[Bruno]] "Bruno", [[Hugo]] "Hugo"; [[Ivo]] "Yves" (these names -- are singular-only per IJP); [[Kvido]] "Guido, Guy" (per IJP has accusative in -a or -ona); [[Oto]] "Otto" (per -- IJP also declinable like virile -a masculines; singular-only); [[Kuřátko]] (a surname; how declined?); -- [[Picasso]] (surname; how declined?); [[Pluto]] "Pluto (God)", also "Pluto (planet)", which is inanimate; -- [[Samo]]/[[Sámo]] "Samo (7th century Slavic ruler)" (dat_s/loc_s only in -ovi, needs override); [[Tomio]] -- "Tomio (Japanese male given name)" (how declined?); [[nemakačenko]] "idler, loafer" (given in Wiktionary with -- dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only, as for [[kakapo]]); [[nefachčenko]] "idler, loafer"; note also [[gadžo]] "gadjo", -- which has a unique declension. -- -- Velar nouns ([[žako]], [[dingo]], etc.) have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- inanimates e.g. [[Pluto]] (planet) have -u only, like for normal hard masculines. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi"or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local loc_p = velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["o-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -o" } decls["u-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[emu]] "emu", [[guru]] "guru", [[kakadu]] "cockatoo", [[marabu]] "marabou" (declined the same way) -- [[Osamu]] "Osamu (Japanese male given name)" [how declined?] -- [[Višnu]] "Vishnu" (declined like [[guru]] but singular-only) -- [[budižkničemu]] "good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well" (indeclinable in the singular, declinable as masculine hard stem -- budižkničemové etc. in the plural, declinable as feminine hard stem budižkničemy etc. in the plural when feminine). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -u. add_decl(base, stems, "a", "ovi", nil, "-", "ovi", "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end declprops["u-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -u" } decls["tstem-m"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[kníže]] "prince", [[hrabě]] "earl", [[markrabě]] "margrave". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "ete", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-m"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["hard-f"] = function(base, stems) base.no_palatalize_c = true -- [[skica]] "sketch", [[gejša]] "geisha", [[rikša]] "rickshaw (vehicle)"; [[arakača]], [[čača]], [[čiča]] (drink), -- [[dača]] "dacha", [[gutaperča]] "guttapercha", [[viskača]]; [[babča]], [[číča]], [[káča]], [[mamča]], [[úča]]. -- Also appears to apply to ď (e.g. [[Naďa]]) and ť, as well as certain words with stems in -ň and -j (e.g. [[Táña]], -- [[doňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]]), which normally have a mixed declension. local dat_s = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "[cčšžďťjň]$") and {"ě", "i"} or "ě" local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "y", dat_s, "u", "o", loc_s, "ou", "y", "", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["hard-f"] = { cat = "硬語幹" } decls["soft-f"] = function(base, stems) -- This also includes feminines in -ie, e.g. [[belarie]], [[signorie]], [[uncie]], and feminines in -oe, e.g. -- [[kánoe]], [[aloe]] and medical terms like [[dyspnoe]], [[apnoe]], [[hemoptoe]], [[kalanchoe]]. -- Nouns in -ice like [[ulice]] "street" have null genitive plural e.g. 'ulic'; nouns in -yně e.g. [[přítelkyně]] -- "girlfriend" have gen pl 'přítelkyň' or 'přítelkyní' with two possible endings; otherwise -í. (Alternation between -- -ň and -n and between -e and -ě handled automatically by combine_stem_ending().) local gen_p = rfind(base.lemma, "ice$") and "" or rfind(base.lemma, "yně$") and {"", "í"} or "í" -- Vocative really ends in -e, not just a copy of the nominative; cf. [[sinfonia]], which is soft-f except for -- the nominative and has -e in the vocative singular. add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "i", "e", "i", "í", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["soft-f"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Lowercase nouns in -ňa (e.g. bárišňa/báryšňa, doňa, dueňa, piraňa, vikuňa) and -ja (e.g. maracuja, papája, sója). -- Does not appear to apply to proper nouns (e.g. [[Táňa]] "Tanya", [[Darja]] "Daria", [[Troja]]/[[Trója]] "Troy", -- which usually decline like [[gejša]], [[dača]], [[skica]]). add_decl(base, stems, {"i", "e"}, {"e", "i"}, "u", "o", {"e", "i"}, "ou", {"i", "e"}, {"", "í"}, {"ám", "ím"}, {"i", "e"}, {"ách", "ích"}, {"ami", "emi"}) end declprops["mixed-f"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["cons-f"] = function(base, stems) -- e.g. [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "e", "í", "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["cons-f"] = { cat = "soft zero-ending" } decls["istem-f"] = function(base, stems) add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", -- See above under apply_special_cases(); -E causes depalatalization of ť/ď/ň. "i", "í", "Em", "i", "Ech", "mi") end declprops["istem-f"] = { cat = "i-stem" } decls["mixed-istem-f"] = function(base, stems) local gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p -- Use of ě vs E below is intentional. Contrast [[oběť]] dat pl 'obětem' (depalatalizing) with [[nit]] ins pl -- 'nitěmi' (palatalizing). See comment above under apply_special_cases(). if base.mixedistem == "pěst" then -- pěst, past, mast, lest [reducible; ins pl 'lstmi'], pelest, propust, plst, oběť, zeď [reducible; ins pl -- 'zdmi'], paměť [ins pl 'pamětmi/paměťmi] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"ím", "Em"}, {"ích", "Ech"}, "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "moc" then -- moc, nemoc, pomoc, velmoc; NOTE: pravomoc has -i/-e alternation in gen_s, nom_p gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"Em", "ím"}, {"Ech", "ích"}, "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "myš" then -- myš, veš [reducible, ins pl vešmi], hruď, měď, pleť, spleť, směs, smrt, step, odpověď [ins pl 'odpověď'mi/odpovědmi'], šeď, -- závěť [ins pl 'závěťmi/závětmi'], plsť [ins pl 'plstmi'] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "noc" then -- lež [reducible], noc, mosaz, rez [reducible], ves [reducible], mysl, sůl, běl, žluť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "žluč" then -- žluč, moč, modř, čeleď, kapraď, záď, žerď, čtvrť/čtvrt, drť, huť, chuť, nit, pečeť, závrať, pouť, stať, ocel gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "loď" then -- loď, suť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", {"ěmi", "mi"} else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'mixedistem', should be one of 'pěst', 'moc', 'myš', 'noc', 'žluč' or 'loď'"): format(base.mixedistem)) end add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", nom_p, "í", dat_p, nom_p, loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["mixed-istem-f"] = { -- Include subtype in the table description but not in the category to avoid too many categories. desc = function(base, stems) return ("mixed i-stem [type '%s'] GENDER"):format(base.mixedistem) end, cat = function(base, stems) return {"mixed i-stem", ("mixed i-stem GENPOS (type '%s')"):format(base.mixedistem)} end, } decls["i-f"] = function(base, stems) -- [[máti]] "mother" (singular-only), [[pramáti]] "foremother"; very similar to the 'noc' mixed i-stem type add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "i", "í", "ím", "i", "ích", "ěmi") end declprops["i-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i" } decls["ea-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -e. if base.tech then -- diarea, gonorea, chorea, nauzea, paleogea, seborea, trachea add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", {"ám", "ím"}, "y", {"ách", "ích"}, "ami") else -- idea, odysea ("wandering pilgrimage"), orchidea, palea, spirea -- proper names Galilea, Judea, Caesarea, Korea, Odyssea ("epic poem") add_decl(base, stems, {"y", "je"}, "ji", "u", "o", "ji", {"ou", "jí"}, {"y", "je"}, "jí", {"ám", "jím"}, {"y", "je"}, {"ách", "jích"}, {"ami", "jemi"}) end end declprops["ea-f"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.tech then return {"GENPOS in -ea", "technical GENPOS in -ea"} else return "GENPOS in -ea" end end } decls["oa-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -o/-u. -- stoa, kongrua; proper names Samoa, Managua, Nikaragua, Capua add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["oa-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -oa/-ua" } decls["ia-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -i. -- belaria, signoria, uncia; paranoia, sinfonia; -- proper names Alexandria, Alexia, Livia, Monrovia, Olympia, Sofia -- Identical to soft declension except for nom sg. decls["soft-f"](base, stems) end declprops["ia-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ia" } decls["hard-n"] = function(base, stems) local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- NOTE: Per IJP it appears the meaning of the preceding preposition makes a difference: 'o' = "about" takes -- '-u' or '-ě', while 'na/v' = "in, on" normally takes '-ě'. local loc_s = -- Exceptions: [[mléko]] "milk" ('mléku' or 'mléce'), [[břicho]] "belly" ('břiše' or (less often) 'břichu'), -- [[roucho]] ('na rouchu' or 'v rouše'; why the difference in preposition?). velar and "u" or -- IJP says nouns in -dlo take only -e but the declension tables show otherwise. It appears -u is possible -- but significantly less common. Other nouns in -lo usually take just -e ([[čelo]] "forehead", -- [[kolo]] "wheel", [[křeslo]] "armchair", [[máslo]] "butter", [[peklo]] "hell", [[sklo]] "glass", -- [[světlo]] "light", [[tělo]] "body"; but [[číslo]] "number' with -e/-u; [[zlo]] "evil" and [[kouzlo]] "spell" -- with -u/-e). rfind(base.lemma, "dlo$") and {"ě", "u"} or rfind(base.lemma, "lo$") and "ě" or (rfind(base.lemma, "[sc]tvo$") or rfind(base.lemma, "ivo$")) and "u" or -- Per IJP: Borrowed words and abstracts take -u (e.g. [[banjo]]/[[bendžo]]/[[benžo]] "banjo", [[depo]] "depot", -- [[chladno]] "cold", [[mokro]] "damp, dampness", [[právo]] "law, right", [[šeru]] "twilight?", -- [[temno]] "dark, darkness", [[tempo]] "rate, tempo", [[ticho]] "quiet, silence", [[vedro]] "heat") and others -- often take -ě/-u. Formerly we defaulted to -ě/-u but it seems better to default to just -u, similarly to hard -- masculines. -- {"ě", "u"} "u" local loc_p = -- Note, lemmas in -isko also have mixed-reducible as default, handled in determine_default_reducible(). -- Note also, ending -ích triggers the second palatalization. rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") and {"ích", "ách"} or -- Diminutives in -ko, -čko, -tko; also [[lýtko]], [[děcko]], [[vrátka]], [[dvířka]], [[jho]], [[roucho]], -- [[tango]], [[mango]], [[sucho]], [[blaho]], [[víko]], [[echo]], [[embargo]], [[largo]], [[jericho]] (from -- IJP). Also foreign nouns in -kum: [[antibiotikum]], [[narkotikum]], [[afrodiziakum]], [[analgetikum]], etc. -- [[jablko]] "apple" has '-ách' or '-ích' and needs an override; likewise for [[vojsko]] "troop"; [[riziko]] -- "risk" normally has '-ích' and needs and override. velar and "ách" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", loc_s, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", loc_p, "y") -- FIXME: paired body parts e.g. [[rameno]] "shoulder" (gen_p/loc_p 'ramenou/ramen'), [[koleno]] "knee" -- (gen_p/loc_p 'kolenou/kolen'), [[prsa]] "chest, breasts" (plurale tantum; gen_p/loc_p 'prsou'). -- FIXME: Nouns with both neuter and feminine forms in the plural, e.g. [[lýtko]] "calf (of the leg)", -- [[bedro]] "hip", [[vrátka]] "gate". end declprops["hard-n"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * In -ao: [[kakao]] "cacao", [[makao]] "Macao (gambling card game, see Wikipedia)", [[curaçao]] "curaçao (liqueur)" -- (IJP gives gen pl 'curaç' but ASSC [https://slovnikcestiny.cz/heslo/cura%C3%A7ao/0/9967] says 'curaçí' as expected), -- [[farao]] "faro (card game)"; also [[Makao]], [[Pathet Lao]], but these are sg-only -- * In -eo: [[stereo]], [[rodeo]], [[video]], [[solideo]]; also [[Borneo]], [[Montevideo]], but these are sg-only -- * In -io: [[rádio]] "radio", [[gramorádio]], [[studio]], [[scenário]], [[trio]], [[ážio]] (also spelled [[agio]]), -- [[disážio]], [[folio]], [[vibrio]]; also [[arpeggio]], [[adagio]], [[capriccio]], [[solfeggio]] although -- pronounced the Italian way without /i/; also [[Ohio]], [[Ontario]], [[Tokio]], but these are sg-only -- * In -uo: only [[duo]] -- * In -yo: only [[embryo]] -- * In -eum: [[muzeum]], [[lyceum]], [[linoleum]], [[ileum]], etc. -- * In -ium: [[atrium]] "atrium", most chemical elements, etc. -- * In -ion: [[enkómion]] "encomium", [[eufonion]] (variant of [[eufonium]]), [[amnion]], [[ganglion]], [[gymnasion]], -- [[scholion]], [[kritérion]] (rare for [[kritérium]]), [[onomatopoion]] (variant of [[onomatopoie]]), -- [[symposion]], [[synedrion]]; also [[Byzantion]], but this is sg-only; most words in -ion are masculine -- Hard in the singular, mostly soft in the plural. Those in -eo and -uo have alternative hard endings in the -- dat/loc/ins pl, but not those in -eum. Those in -ao have only hard endings except in the gen pl. (There are -- apparently no neuters in -eon; those in -eon e.g. [[akordeon]], [[neon]], [[nukleon]] are masculine.) local dat_p, loc_p, ins_p if rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "ao$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ům", "ech", "y" elseif rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "[eu]o$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"ím", "ům"}, {"ích", "ech"}, {"i", "y"} else dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ím", "ích", "i" end add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", "u", "em", "a", "í", dat_p, "a", loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["semisoft-n"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: [[moře]] "sea", [[slunce]] "sun", [[srdce]] "heart", [[citoslovce]] "interjection", -- [[dopoledne]] "late morning", [[odpoledne]] "afternoon", [[hoře]] "sorrow, grief" (archaic or literary), -- [[inhalace]] "inhalation", [[kafe]] "coffee", [[kanape]] "sofa", [[kutě]] "bed", [[Labe]] "Elbe (singular only)", -- [[líce]] "cheek", [[lože]] "bed", [[nebe]] "sky; heaven", [[ovoce]] "fruit", [[pole]] "field", [[poledne]] -- "noon", [[příslovce]] "adverb", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also t-n), [[vejce]] "egg" (NOTE: gen pl 'vajec'). -- -- Many nouns in -iště, with null genitive plural. local gen_p = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "išť$") and "" or "í" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "-", "i", "em", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "i") -- NOTE: Some neuter words in -e indeclinable, e.g. [[Belize]], [[Chile]], [[garde]] "chaperone", [[karaoke]], -- [[karate]], [[re]] "double raise (card games)", [[ukulele]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[zombie]] (pl. 'zombie' or -- 'zombies') -- some nearly indeclinable, e.g. [[finále]], [[chucpe]]; see mostly-indecl below end declprops["soft-n"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["í-n"] = function(base, stems) -- [[nábřeží]] "waterfront" and a zillion others; also [[úterý]] "Tuesday". -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "", "", "-", "-", "", "m", "", "", "m", "", "ch", "mi") end declprops["í-n"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["n-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[břemeno]] "burden" (also [[břímě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[písmeno]] "letter"; [[plemeno]] "breed"; -- [[rameno]] "shoulder" (also [[rámě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[semeno]] "seed" (also [[sémě]], [[símě]], use -- 'decllemma:'); [[temeno]] "crown (of the head)"; [[vemeno]] "udder" add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, {"i", "u"}, "-", "-", {"ě", "i", "u"}, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", "ech", "y") end declprops["n-n"] = { cat = "n-stem" } decls["tstem-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[batole]] "toddler", [[čuně]] "pig", [[daňče]] "fallow deer fawn", [[děvče]] "girl", [[ďouče]] "girl" -- (dialectal), [[dítě]] "child" (NOTE: feminine in the plural [[děti]], declined as a feminine i-stem), [[dvojče]] -- "twin", [[hádě]] "young snake", [[house]] "gosling", [[hříbě]] "foal" (pl. hříbata), [[jehně]] "lamb", [[kavče]] -- "young jackdaw; chough", [[káče]] "duckling", [[káně]] "buzzard chick" (NOTE: also feminine meaning "buzzard"), -- [[klíště]] "tick", [[kose]] "blackbird chick" (rare), [[kuře]] "chick (young chicken)", [[kůzle]] -- "kid (young goat)", [[lišče]] "fox cub", [[lvíče]] "lion cub", [[medvídě]] "bear cub", [[mládě]] "baby animal", -- [[morče]] "guinea pig", [[mrně]] "toddler", [[nemluvně]] "infant", [[novorozeně]] "newborn", [[orle]] "eaglet", -- [[osle]] "donkey foal", [[pachole]] "boy (obsolete); page, squire", [[páže]] "page, squire", [[podsvinče]] -- "suckling pig", [[prase]] "pig", [[prtě]] "toddler", [[ptáče]] "chick (young bird)", -- [[robě]] "baby, small child", [[saranče]] "locust" (NOTE: also feminine), [[sele]] "piglet", -- [[slůně]] "baby elephant", [[škvrně]] "toddler", [[štěně]] "puppy", [[tele]] "calf", [[velbloudě]] "camel colt", -- [[vlče]] "wolf cub", [[vnouče]] "grandchild", [[vyžle]] "small hunting dog; slender person", -- [[zvíře]] "animal, beast". -- -- Some referring to inanimates, e.g. [[doupě]] "lair" (pl. doupata), [[koště]]/[[chvoště]] "broom", [[paraple]] -- "umbrella", [[poupě]] "bud", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also soft-n), [[rajče]] "tomato", [[šuple]] "drawer", -- [[varle]] "testicle", [[vole]] "craw (of a bird); goiter". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "-", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-n"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["ma-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[drama]] "drama", [[dogma]] "dogma", [[aneurysma]]/[[aneuryzma]] "aneurysm", [[dilema]] "dilemma", -- [[gumma]] "gumma" (non-cancerous syphilitic growth), [[klima]] "climate", [[kóma]] "coma", [[lemma]] "lemma", -- [[melisma]] "melisma", [[paradigma]] "paradigm", [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "plasma [partly ionized gas]" -- (note [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "blood plasma" is feminine), [[revma]] "rheumatism", [[schéma]] "schema, diagram", -- [[schisma]]/[[schizma]] "schism", [[smegma]] "smegma", [[sofisma]]/[[sofizma]] "sophism", [[sperma]] "sperm", -- [[stigma]] "stigma", [[téma]] "theme", [[trauma]] "trauma", [[trilema]] "trilemma", [[zeugma]] "zeugma". add_decl(base, stems, "atu", "atu", "-", "-", "atu", "atem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["ma-n"] = { cat = "ma-stem" } decls["adj"] = function(base, stems) local props = {} local propspec = table.concat(props, ".") if propspec ~= "" then propspec = "<" .. propspec .. ">" end local adj_alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:cs-adjective").do_generate_forms({base.lemma .. propspec}) local function copy(from_slot, to_slot) base.forms[to_slot] = adj_alternant_multiword_spec.forms[from_slot] end if base.number ~= "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then copy("nom_m", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_f", "nom_s") copy("gen_f", "gen_s") copy("dat_f", "dat_s") copy("acc_f", "acc_s") copy("loc_f", "loc_s") copy("ins_f", "ins_s") else copy("nom_n", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("acc_n", "acc_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") end if not base.forms.voc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_s", base.forms.nom_s) end end if base.number ~= "sg" then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then copy("nom_mp_an", "nom_p") else copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") end copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") else copy("nom_np", "nom_p") copy("acc_np", "acc_p") end copy("gen_p", "gen_p") copy("dat_p", "dat_p") copy("ins_p", "ins_p") copy("loc_p", "loc_p") end end local function get_stemtype(base) if rfind(base.lemma, "ý$") then return "hard" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "í$") then return "soft" else return "possessive" end end declprops["adj"] = { cat = function(base, stems) return {"adjectival POS", get_stemtype(base) .. " GENDER adjectival POS"} end, } decls["mostly-indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Several neuters: E.g. [[finále]] "final (sports)", [[čtvrtfinále]] "quarterfinal", [[chucpe]] "chutzpah", -- [[penále]] "fine, penalty", [[promile]] "" (NOTE: loc pl also promilech), [[rande]] "rendezvous", [[semifinále]] -- "semifinal", [[skóre]] "score". -- At least one masculine animate: [[kamikaze]]/[[kamikadze]], where IJP says only -m in the ins sg. local ins_s = base.gender == "m" and "m" or {"-", "m"} add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", ins_s, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["mostly-indecl"] = { cat = "mostly indeclinable" } decls["indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Indeclinable. Note that fully indeclinable nouns should not have a table at all rather than one all of whose forms -- are the same; but having an indeclinable declension is useful for nouns that may or may not be indeclinable, e.g. -- [[desatero]] "group of ten" or the plural of [[peso]], which may be indeclinable 'pesos'. add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["indecl"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.adj then return {"adjectival POS", "indeclinable adjectival POS", "indeclinable GENDER adjectival POS"} else return {"indeclinable POS", "indeclinable GENPOS"} end end } decls["manual"] = function(base, stems) -- Anything declined manually using overrides. We don't set any declensions except the nom_s (or nom_p if plurale -- tantum). add(base, base.number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s", stems, "-") end declprops["manual"] = { desc = "GENDER", cat = {}, } local function set_pron_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.lemma ~= "ona" and base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for pronouns") end local function pron_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. if base.lemma == "kdo" then return "none", "sg", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "co" then return "none", "sg", "inan", false elseif base.lemma == "já" or base.lemma == "ty" then return "none", "sg", "an", true elseif base.lemma == "my" or base.lemma == "vy" then return "none", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "on" then return "m", "sg", "none", true elseif base.lemma == "ono" then return "n", "sg", "inan", true elseif base.lemma == "oni" then return "m", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "ony" then return "none", "pl", "none", false elseif base.lemma == "ona" then if base.number ~= "sg" and base.number ~= "pl" then error("Must specify '.sg' or '.pl' with lemma 'ona'") end if base.number == "sg" then return "f", "sg", "none", false else return "n", "pl", "inan", false end elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then return "none", "none", "none", true else error(("Unrecognized pronoun '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = pron_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_pronoun_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with pronouns") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "pron" end decls["pron"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "kdo" then add_decl(base, stems, "koho", "komu", nil, nil, "kom", "kým") elseif base.lemma == "co" then add_decl(base, stems, "čeho", "čemu", nil, nil, "čem", "čím") elseif base.lemma == "já" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "mne", "mě", "mně", "mi", nil, nil, nil, "mně", "mnou") elseif base.lemma == "ty" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "tebe", "tě", "tobě", "ti", nil, nil, nil, "tobě", "tebou") elseif base.lemma == "my" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nás", "nám", "nás", "nás", "námi") elseif base.lemma == "vy" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "vás", "vám", "vás", "vás", "vámi") elseif base.lemma == "on" or base.lemma == "ono" then local acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jeho", "jej"} or "je" local clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jej", "ho"} or "je" local prep_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"něho", "něj"} or "ně" local prep_clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and "-ň" or nil add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "jeho", "ho", "jemu", "mu", acc_s, clitic_acc_s, nil, nil, "jím") add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "něho", nil, "němu", nil, prep_acc_s, prep_clitic_acc_s, nil, "něm", "ním", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "ona" and base.number == "sg" then add_sg_decl(base, stems, "jí", "jí", "ji", nil, nil, "jí") add_sg_decl(base, stems, "ní", "ní", "ni", nil, "ní", "ní", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "oni" or base.lemma == "ony" or base.lemma == "ona" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "jich", "jim", "je", nil, "jimi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nich", "nim", "ně", "nich", "nimi", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then -- Underlyingly we handle [[sebe]]'s slots as singular. add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "sebe", "sebe", "sobě", "si", "sebe", "se", nil, "sobě", "sebou", nil, "no nom_s") else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized pronoun lemma '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end declprops["pron"] = { desc = "GENDER pronoun", cat = {}, } local function set_num_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for numeral") end local function num_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "pl", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = num_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_numeral_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with numerals") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "num" end decls["num"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "dva" or base.lemma == "dvě" then -- in compound numbers; stem is dv- add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ou", "ěma", "-", "ou", "ěma") elseif base.lemma == "tři" or base.lemma == "čtyři" then -- stem is without -i local is_three = base.lemma == "tři" add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, is_three and "í" or "", "em", "-", "ech", is_three and "emi" or "mi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ech", nil, nil, nil, nil, "[colloquial]") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, is_three and "ema" or "ma", "[when modifying a form ending in ''-ma'']") elseif base.lemma == "devět" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "devíti", "devíti", "-", "devíti", "devíti", stems.footnotes) elseif base.lemma == "sta" or base.lemma == "stě" or base.lemma == "set" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "set", "stům", "-", "stech", "sty", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "[cs]et$") then -- [[deset]] and all numbers ending in -cet ([[dvacet]], [[třicet]], [[čtyřicet]] and inverted compound -- numerals such as [[pětadvacet]] "25" and [[dvaatřicet]] "32") local begin = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)et$") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") add_pl_only_decl(base, begin, "íti", "íti", "-", "íti", "íti", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "oje$") then -- [[dvoje]], [[troje]] -- stem is without -e add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ích", "ím", "-", "ích", "ími") elseif rfind(base.lemma, "ery$") then -- [[čtvery]], [[patery]], [[šestery]], [[sedmery]], [[osmery]], [[devatery]], [[desatery]] -- stem is without -y add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ých", "ým", "-", "ých", "ými") else add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") end end declprops["num"] = { desc = "GENDER numeral", cat = {}, } local function set_det_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for determiner") end local function det_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "none", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = det_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_determiner_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with determiners") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "det" end decls["det"] = function(base, stems) add_sg_decl(base, stems, "a", "a", "-", nil, "a", "a") end declprops["det"] = { desc = "GENDER determiner", cat = {}, } local function fetch_footnotes(separated_group) local footnotes for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then error("Extraneous text after bracketed footnotes: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'") end if not footnotes then footnotes = {} end table.insert(footnotes, separated_group[j]) end return footnotes end --[=[ Parse a single override spec (e.g. 'nomplé:ové' or 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]') and return two values: the slot(s) the override applies to, and an object describing the override spec. The input is actually a list where the footnotes have been separated out; for example, given the spec 'inspl:čobotami:čobotámi[rare]:čobitmi[archaic]', the input will be a list {"inspl:čobotami:čobotámi", "[rare]", ":čobitmi", "[archaic]", ""}. The object returned for 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]' looks like this: { full = true, values = { { form = "autodráhou" }, { form = "autodrahou", footnotes = {"[rare]"} } } } The object returned for 'nomplé:ové' looks like this: { values = { { form = "é", }, { form = "ové", } } } ]=] local function parse_override(segments) local retval = {values = {}} local part = segments[1] local slots = {} while true do local case = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case] then -- ok else error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end part = usub(part, 4) local slot if rfind(part, "^pl") then part = usub(part, 3) slot = case .. "_p" elseif rfind(part, "^cl") then -- No plural clitic cases at this point. part = usub(part, 3) if clitic_cases[case] then slot = "clitic_" .. case .. "_s" else error(("Unrecognized clitic case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end else slot = case .. "_s" end table.insert(slots, slot) if rfind(part, "^%+") then part = usub(part, 2) else break end end if rfind(part, "^:") then retval.full = true part = usub(part, 2) end segments[1] = part local colon_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, ":") for i, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local value = {} local form = colon_separated_group[1] if form == "" then error(("Use - to indicate an empty ending for slot%s '%s': '%s'"):format(#slots > 1 and "s" or "", table.concat(slots), table.concat(segments))) elseif form == "-" then value.form = "" else value.form = form end value.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(colon_separated_group) table.insert(retval.values, value) end return slots, retval end --[=[ Parse an indicator spec (text consisting of angle brackets and zero or more dot-separated indicators within them). Return value is an object of the form { overrides = { SLOT = {OVERRIDE, OVERRIDE, ...}, -- as returned by parse_override() ... }, forms = {}, -- forms for a single spec alternant; see `forms` below footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing stems = { -- may be missing { reducible = TRUE_OR_FALSE, footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing -- The following fields are filled in by determine_stems() vowel_stem = "STEM", nonvowel_stem = "STEM", oblique_slots = one of {nil, "gen_p", "all", "all-oblique"}, oblique_vowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), oblique_nonvowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), }, ... }, gender = "GENDER", -- "m", "f", "n" number = "NUMBER", -- "sg", "pl"; may be missing animacy = "ANIMACY", -- "inan", "an"; may be missing hard = true, -- may be missing soft = true, -- may be missing mixed = true, -- may be missing surname = true, -- may be missing istem = true, -- may be missing ["-istem"] = true, -- may be missing tstem = true, -- may be missing nstem = true, -- may be missing tech = true, -- may be missing foreign = true, -- may be missing mostlyindecl = true, -- may be missing indecl = true, -- may be missing manual = true, -- may be missing adj = true, -- may be missing decllemma = "DECLENSION-LEMMA", -- may be missing declgender = "DECLENSION-GENDER", -- may be missing -- The following additional fields are added by other functions: orig_lemma = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA", -- as given by the user orig_lemma_no_links = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA-NO-LINKS", -- links removed lemma = "LEMMA", -- `orig_lemma_no_links`, converted to singular form if plural and lowercase if all-uppercase forms = { SLOT = { { form = "FORM", footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...} -- may be missing }, ... }, ... }, decl = "DECL", -- declension, e.g. "hard-m" vowel_stem = "VOWEL-STEM", -- derived from vowel-ending lemmas nonvowel_stem = "NONVOWEL-STEM", -- derived from non-vowel-ending lemmas } ]=] local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec) local inside = rmatch(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$") assert(inside) local base = {overrides = {}, forms = {}} if inside ~= "" then local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") local dot_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.") for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do local part = dot_separated_group[1] local case_prefix = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case_prefix] then local slots, override = parse_override(dot_separated_group) for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do if base.overrides[slot] then error(("Two overrides specified for slot '%s'"):format(slot)) else base.overrides[slot] = {override} end end elseif part == "" then if #dot_separated_group == 1 then error("Blank indicator: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(dot_separated_group) elseif rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*$") or rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*,") then if base.stem_sets then error("Can't specify reducible/vowel-alternant indicator twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",") local stem_sets = {} for i, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local pattern = comma_separated_group[1] local orig_pattern = pattern local reducible, vowelalt, oblique_slots if pattern == "-" then -- default reducible, no vowel alt else local before, after before, reducible, after = rmatch(pattern, "^(.-)(%-?%*)(.-)$") if before then pattern = before .. after reducible = reducible == "*" end if pattern ~= "" then if not rfind(pattern, "^##?ě?$") then error("Unrecognized vowel-alternation pattern '" .. pattern .. "', should be one of #, ##, #ě or ##ě: '" .. inside .. "'") end if pattern == "#ě" or pattern == "##ě" then vowelalt = "quant-ě" else vowelalt = "quant" end -- `oblique_slots` will be later changed to "all" if the lemma ends in a consonant. if pattern == "##" or pattern == "##ě" then oblique_slots = "all-oblique" else oblique_slots = "gen_p" end end end table.insert(stem_sets, { reducible = reducible, vowelalt = vowelalt, oblique_slots = oblique_slots, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(comma_separated_group) }) end base.stem_sets = stem_sets elseif #dot_separated_group > 1 then error("Footnotes only allowed with slot overrides, reducible or vowel alternation specs or by themselves: '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") elseif part == "m" or part == "f" or part == "n" then if base.gender then error("Can't specify gender twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.gender = part elseif part == "sg" or part == "pl" then if base.number then error("Can't specify number twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.number = part elseif part == "an" or part == "inan" then if base.animacy then error("Can't specify animacy twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.animacy = part elseif part == "hard" or part == "soft" or part == "mixed" or part == "surname" or part == "istem" or part == "-istem" or part == "tstem" or part == "nstem" or part == "tech" or part == "foreign" or part == "mostlyindecl" or part == "indecl" or part == "pron" or part == "det" or part == "num" then if base[part] then error("Can't specify '" .. part .. "' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base[part] = true -- Allow 'hard' to signal that -y is allowed after -c, as in hard masculine nouns such as [[hec]] -- "joke", and also feminines in -ca where the c is pronounced as /k/, e.g. [[ayahuasca]], [[pororoca]], -- [[Petrarca]], [[Mallorca]], [[Casablanca]]. (Contrast [[mangalica]], [[Kusturica]], [[Bjelica]], -- where the c is pronounced as /ts/ and -y is disallowed.) if part == "hard" then base.hard_c = true end elseif part == "+" then if base.adj then error("Can't specify '+' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.adj = true elseif part == "!" then if base.manual then error("Can't specify '!' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.manual = true elseif rfind(part, "^mixedistem:") then if base.mixedistem then error("Can't specify 'mixedistem:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.mixedistem = rsub(part, "^mixedistem:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^decllemma:") then if base.decllemma then error("Can't specify 'decllemma:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.decllemma = rsub(part, "^decllemma:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^declgender:") then if base.declgender then error("Can't specify 'declgender:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.declgender = rsub(part, "^declgender:", "") else error("Unrecognized indicator '" .. part .. "': '" .. inside .. "'") end end end return base end local function is_regular_noun(base) return not base.adj and not base.pron and not base.det and not base.num end local function set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) -- Set default values. local regular_noun = is_regular_noun(base) if base.pron then set_pron_defaults(base) elseif base.det then set_det_defaults(base) elseif base.num then set_num_defaults(base) elseif not base.adj then if not base.gender then if base.manual then base.gender = "none" else error("For nouns, gender must be specified") end end base.number = base.number or "both" base.animacy = base.animacy or "inan" base.user_specified_gender = base.gender base.user_specified_animacy = base.animacy if base.declgender then if base.declgender == "m-an" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "an" elseif base.declgender == "m-in" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "inan" elseif base.declgender == "f" or base.declgender == "n" then base.gender = base.declgender else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'declgender', should be 'm-an', 'm-in', 'f' or 'n'"):format(base.declgender)) end end end -- Check for bad indicator combinations. if (base.hard and 1 or 0) + (base.soft and 1 or 0) + (base.mixed and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("At most one of 'hard', 'soft' and 'mixed' can be specified") end if base.istem and base["-istem"] then error("'istem' and '-istem' cannot be specified together") end if (base.istem or base["-istem"]) then if base.gender ~= "f" then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with the feminine gender") end if not regular_noun then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end if base.declgender and not regular_noun then error("'declgender' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end local function set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) local is_multiword = #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1 iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) base.multiword = is_multiword -- FIXME: not currently used; consider deleting alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic = alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic or base.has_clitic if base.pron then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron = true end if base.det then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det = true end if base.num then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num = true end end) end local function undo_second_palatalization(base, word, is_adjective) local function try(from, to) local stem = rmatch(word, "^(.*)" .. from .. "$") if stem then return stem .. to end return nil end return is_adjective and try("št", "sk") or is_adjective and try("čt", "ck") or try("c", "k") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and c correct try("ř", "r") or try("z", "h") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and z or g correct try("š", "ch") or word end -- For a plural-only lemma, synthesize a likely singular lemma. It doesn't have to be -- theoretically correct as long as it generates all the correct plural forms. local function synthesize_singular_lemma(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end local lemma_determined -- Loop over all stem sets in case the user specified multiple ones (e.g. '*,-*'). If we try to reconstruct -- different lemmas for different stem sets, we'll throw an error below. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local stem, lemma while true do if base.indecl then -- If specified as indeclinable, leave it alone; e.g. 'pesos' indeclinable plural of [[peso]]. lemma = base.lemma break elseif base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then if base.soft then -- [[Blíženci]] "Gemini" -- Since the nominative singular has no ending. lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) else lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem) end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ové$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then -- [[manželé]] "married couple", [[Velšané]] "Welsh people" lemma = stem else error(("Animate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -i, -ové or -é"):format(base.lemma)) end end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then -- [[droby]] "giblets"; [[tvarůžky]] "Olomouc cheese"; [[alimenty]] "alimony"; etc. lemma = stem else local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then -- [[peníze]] "money", [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" (mixed declension), [[údaje]] "data", -- [[Lazce]] (a village), [[lováče]] "money", [[Krkonoše]] "Giant Mountains", [[kříže]] "clubs" lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) if not base.mixed then base.soft = true end else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -e or -ě"):format(base.lemma)) end end end if stems.reducible == nil then if rfind(lemma, com.cons_c .. "[ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) then stems.reducible = true end if stems.reducible then lemma = dereduce(lemma) end end break elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "a" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eě]$") if stem then -- Singular like the plural. Cons-stem feminines like [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" have identical -- plurals to soft-stem feminines like [[růže]] (modulo e/ě differences), so we don't need to -- reconstruct the former type. lemma = base.lemma break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then -- i-stems. lemma = stem base.istem = true break end error(("Feminine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -ě, -e or -i"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "n" then -- -ata nouns like [[slůně]] "baby elephant" nom pl 'slůňata' are declined in the plural same as if -- the singular were 'slůňato' so we don't have to worry about them. stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "o" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eěí]$") if stem then -- singular lemma also in -e, -ě or -í; e.g. [[věčná loviště]] "[[happy hunting ground]]" lemma = base.lemma break end error(("Neuter plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -a, -í, -ě or -e"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '%s'"):format(base.gender)) end end if lemma_determined and lemma_determined ~= lemma then error(("Attempt to set two different singular lemmas '%s' and '%s'"):format(lemma_determined, lemma)) end lemma_determined = lemma end base.lemma = lemma_determined end -- For an adjectival lemma, synthesize the masc singular form. local function synthesize_adj_lemma(base) local stem if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" stem = base.lemma else local gender, number local function sub_ov(stem) stem = stem:gsub("ov$", "ův") return stem end while true do if base.number == "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then if base.soft then -- nothing to do else if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -í can only be animate unless '.soft' is specified"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem, "is adjective") .. "ý" end break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -é must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)i$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)i$") if stem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -i must be animate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -y must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Animate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í, -ovi or -ini"): format(base.lemma)) elseif base.soft then error(("Soft masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -ovy or -iny"): format(base.lemma)) end elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovy or -iny"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) end else if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ýí]$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ův$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)in$") if stem then break end error(("Masculine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -ý, -í, -ův or -in"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)o$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)o$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovo or -ino"):format(base.lemma)) end end end base.decl = "adj" end -- Now set the stem sets if not given. -- Now set the stem sets if not given. if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false}} end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do -- Set the stems. stems.vowel_stem = stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stem end end -- Determine the declension based on the lemma, gender and number. The declension is set in base.decl. In the process, -- we set either base.vowel_stem (if the lemma ends in a vowel) or base.nonvowel_stem (if the lemma does not end in a -- vowel), which is used by determine_stems(). In some cases (specifically with certain foreign nouns), we set -- base.lemma to a new value; this is as if the user specified 'decllemma:'. local function determine_declension(base) if base.mostlyindecl then base.decl = "mostly-indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end -- Determine declension stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("Masculine lemma in -a must be animate") end base.decl = "a-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.hard then -- e.g. [[doňa]], which seems not to have soft alternates as [[piraňa]] does (despite IJP; but see the note at the -- bottom) base.decl = "hard-f" elseif rfind(stem, "e$") then -- [[idea]], [[diarea]] (subtype '.tech'), [[Korea]], etc. base.decl = "ea-f" elseif rfind(stem, "i$") then -- [[signoria]], [[sinfonia]], [[paranoia]], etc. base.decl = "ia-f" elseif rfind(stem, "[ou]$") then -- [[stoa]], [[kongrua]], [[Samoa]], [[Nikaragua]], etc. base.decl = "oa-f" elseif rfind(stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[ňj]$") then -- [[maracuja]], [[papája]], [[sója]]; [[piraňa]] etc. Not [[Táňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]], which decline -- like [[gejša]], [[skica]], etc. (subtype of hard feminines). base.decl = "mixed-f" else base.decl = "hard-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if rfind(stem, "m$") then base.decl = "ma-n" else error("Lemma ending in -a and neuter must end in -ma") end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then if ending == "ě" then stem = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem) end if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[software]] and similar English-derived nouns with silent -e; set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem base.nonvowel_stem = stem base.decl = "hard-m" return end if base.tstem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("T-stem masculine lemma in -e must be animate") end base.decl = "tstem-m" elseif rfind(stem, "i") then -- [[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]], [[rowdie]] base.decl = "ie-m" else base.decl = "e-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then base.decl = "soft-f" else if base.tstem then base.decl = "tstem-n" else base.decl = "soft-n" end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)o$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[maestro]] m. base.decl = "o-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- [[zoo]]; [[Žemaitsko]]? error("Feminine nouns in -o are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") elseif base.nstem then base.decl = "n-n" elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[aeiuy]$") then -- These have gen pl in -í and often other soft plural endings. base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[iy])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.soft then -- [[gay]] "gay man", [[gray]] "gray (scientific unit)", [[Nagy]] (surname) base.decl = "soft-m" else -- Cf. [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)", [[husky]] "kusky", etc. base.decl = "i-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.soft then -- [[Uruguay]], [[Paraguay]] base.decl = "soft-f" else -- [[máti]], [[pramáti]]; note also indeclinable [[tsunami]]/[[cunami]], [[okapi]] base.decl = "i-f" if stem:find("i$") then stem = stem:gsub("i$", "") else error("Feminine nouns in -y are either soft or indeclinable; use '.soft' or '.indecl' as needed") end end else error("Neuter nouns in -i are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*u)$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[emu]], [[guru]], etc. base.decl = "u-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- Only one I know is [[budižkničemu]], which is indeclinable in the singular and declines in the plural as -- if written 'budižkničema'. error("Feminine nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") else error("Neuter nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[íý])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then base.decl = "í-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- FIXME: Do any exist? If not, update this message. error("Support for non-adjectival non-indeclinable feminine nouns in -í/-ý not yet implemented") else base.decl = "í-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[komunismus]] "communism", [[kosmos]] "cosmos", [[hádes]] "Hades" stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ueo]s$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized masculine foreign ending, should be -us, -es or -os") end if not base.hard and (rfind(stem, "[ei]$") and base.animacy == "an" or rfind(stem, "i$") and base.animacy == "inan") then -- [[genius]], [[basileus]], [[rádius]]; not [[nukleus]], [[choreus]] (inanimate); not -- [[skarabeus]] (animate), which should specify 'hard' base.decl = "semisoft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-m" elseif base.soft then base.decl = "soft-m" elseif base.mixed then base.decl = "mixed-m" elseif rfind(base.lemma, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$") or rfind(base.lemma, "tel$") then base.decl = "soft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.mixedistem then base.decl = "mixed-istem-f" elseif base.istem then base.decl = "istem-f" elseif base["-istem"] then base.decl = "cons-f" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "st$") then -- Numerous abstracts in -ost; also [[kost]], [[část]], [[srst]], [[bolest]] base.decl = "istem-f" else base.decl = "cons-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if base.foreign then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)um$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)on$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized neuter foreign ending, should be -um or -on") end if base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[ei]$") then base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem .. "o" base.vowel_stem = stem return else error("Neuter nouns ending in a consonant should use '.foreign' or '.decllemma:...'") end end base.nonvowel_stem = stem return end error("Unrecognized ending for lemma: '" .. base.lemma .. "'") end -- Determine the default value for the 'reducible' flag. local function determine_default_reducible(base) -- Nouns in vowels other than -a/o as well as masculine nouns ending in all vowels don't have null endings so not -- reducible. Note, we are never called on adjectival nouns. if rfind(base.lemma, "[iyuíeě]$") or base.gender == "m" and rfind(base.lemma, "[ao]$") or base.tstem then base.default_reducible = false return end local stem stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then -- When analyzing existing manual declensions in -ec and -ek, 290 were reducible vs. 23 non-reducible. Of these -- 23, 15 were monosyllabic (and none of the 290 reducible nouns were monosyllabic) -- and two of these were -- actually reducible but irregularly: [[švec]] "shoemaker" (gen sg 'ševce') and [[žnec]] "reaper (person)" -- (gen sg. 'žence'). Of the remaining 8 multisyllabic non-reducible words, two were actually reducible but -- irregularly: [[stařec]] "old man" (gen sg 'starce') and [[tkadlec]] "weaver" (gen sg 'tkalce'). The remaining -- six consisted of 5 compounds of monosyllabic words: [[dotek]], [[oblek]], [[kramflek]], [[pucflek]], -- [[pokec]], plus [[česnek]], which should be reducible but would lead to an impossible consonant cluster. if base.gender == "m" and rfind(stem, "[eě][ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(stem) then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.gender == "f" and rfind(stem, "[eě]ň$") then -- [[pochodeň]] "torch", [[píseň]] "leather", [[žeň]] "harvest"; not [[reveň]] "rhubarb" or [[dřeň]] "pulp", -- which need an override. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end return end if base.number == "sg" then base.default_reducible = false return end if rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") then -- e.g. [[středisko]] base.default_reducible = "mixed" return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") if not stem then error(("Internal error: Something wrong, lemma '%s' doesn't end in consonant or vowel"):format(base.lemma)) end -- Substitute 'ch' with a single character to make the following code simpler. stem = stem:gsub("ch", com.TEMP_CH) if rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[lr]" .. com.cons_c .. "$") then -- [[vrba]], [[vlha]]; not reducible. (But note [[jablko]], reducible; needs override.) base.default_reducible = false elseif not base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[bkhlrmnv]$") then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") then -- Foreign nouns in -CCum seem generally non-reducible in the gen pl except for those in -Crum like [[centrum]], -- Examples: [[album]], [[verbum]], [[signum]], [[interregnum]], [[sternum]]. [[infernum]] has gen pl 'infern/inferen'. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end end -- Determine the stems to use for each stem set: vowel and nonvowel stems, for singular -- and plural. We assume that one of base.vowel_stem or base.nonvowel_stem has been -- set in determine_declension(), depending on whether the lemma ends in -- a vowel. We construct all the rest given the reducibility, vowel alternation spec and -- any explicit stems given. We store the determined stems inside of the stem-set objects -- in `base.stem_sets`, meaning that if the user gave multiple reducible or vowel-alternation -- patterns, we will compute multiple sets of stems. The reason is that the stems may vary -- depending on the reducibility and vowel alternation. local function determine_stems(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end -- Set default reducible and check for default mixed reducible, which needs to be expanded into two entries. local default_mixed_reducible = false for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == nil then stems.reducible = base.default_reducible end if stems.reducible == "mixed" then default_mixed_reducible = true end end if default_mixed_reducible then local new_stem_sets = {} for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == "mixed" then local non_reducible_copy = m_table.shallowcopy(stems) non_reducible_copy.reducible = false stems.reducible = true table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) table.insert(new_stem_sets, non_reducible_copy) else table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) end end base.stem_sets = new_stem_sets end -- Now determine all the stems for each stem set. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local lemma_is_vowel_stem = not not base.vowel_stem if base.vowel_stem then stems.vowel_stem = base.vowel_stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stems.vowel_stem -- Apply vowel alternation first in cases like jádro -> jader; apply_vowel_alternation() will throw an error -- if the vowel being modified isn't the last vowel in the stem. stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.nonvowel_stem) stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem) end else stems.nonvowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem -- The user specified #, #ě, ## or ##ě and we're dealing with a term like masculine [[bůh]] or feminine -- [[sůl]] that ends in a consonant. In this case, all slots except the nom_s and maybe acc_s have vowel -- alternation. if stems.oblique_slots then stems.oblique_slots = "all" end stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.vowel_stem = com.reduce(base.nonvowel_stem) if not stems.vowel_stem then error("Unable to reduce stem '" .. base.nonvowel_stem .. "'") end else stems.vowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem end end stems.oblique_vowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.vowel_stem) end end local function detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.pron then determine_pronoun_stems(base) elseif base.det then determine_determiner_stems(base) elseif base.num then determine_numeral_stems(base) elseif base.adj then synthesize_adj_lemma(base) elseif base.manual then if base.stem_sets then -- FIXME, maybe this should be allowed? error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with manual declensions") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "manual" else if base.number == "pl" then synthesize_singular_lemma(base) end determine_declension(base) determine_default_reducible(base) determine_stems(base) end end local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) -- Keep track of all genders seen in the singular and plural so we can determine whether to add the term to -- [[:Category:Czech nouns that change gender in the plural]]. alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders = {} alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders = {} iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.number ~= "pl" then alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders[base.user_specified_gender] = true end if base.number ~= "sg" then -- All t-stem masculines are neuter in the plural. local plgender if base.decl == "tstem-m" then plgender = "n" else plgender = base.user_specified_gender end alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders[plgender] = true end end) if (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("Can't combine pronouns, determiners and/or numerals") end end local propagate_multiword_properties local function propagate_alternant_properties(alternant_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do propagate_multiword_properties(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) if seen_property == nil then seen_property = multiword_spec[property] elseif multiword_spec[property] and seen_property ~= multiword_spec[property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end alternant_spec[property] = seen_property end propagate_multiword_properties = function(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property = nil local last_seen_nounal_pos = 0 local word_specs = multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs for i = 1, #word_specs do local is_nounal if word_specs[i].alternants then propagate_alternant_properties(word_specs[i], property, mixed_value) is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] elseif nouns_only then is_nounal = is_regular_noun(word_specs[i]) else is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] end if is_nounal then if not word_specs[i][property] then error("Internal error: noun-type word spec without " .. property .. " set") end for j = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, i - 1 do word_specs[j][property] = word_specs[j][property] or word_specs[i][property] end last_seen_nounal_pos = i if seen_property == nil then seen_property = word_specs[i][property] elseif seen_property ~= word_specs[i][property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end end if last_seen_nounal_pos > 0 then for i = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, #word_specs do word_specs[i][property] = word_specs[i][property] or word_specs[last_seen_nounal_pos][property] end end multiword_spec[property] = seen_property end local function propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) local function set_and_fetch(obj, default) local retval if obj[property] then retval = obj[property] else obj[property] = default retval = default end if not obj["user_specified_" .. property] then obj["user_specified_" .. property] = retval end return retval end local propval1 = set_and_fetch(alternant_multiword_spec, default_propval) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do local propval2 = set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval1) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do local propval3 = set_and_fetch(multiword_spec, propval2) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do local propval4 = set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval3) if propval4 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval4) end end else if propval2 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval2) end end end --[=[ Propagate `property` (one of "animacy", "gender" or "number") from nouns to adjacent adjectives. We proceed as follows: 1. We assume the properties in question are already set on all nouns. This should happen in set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(). 2. We first propagate properties upwards and sideways. We recurse downwards from the top. When we encounter a multiword spec, we proceed left to right looking for a noun. When we find a noun, we fetch its property (recursing if the noun is an alternant), and propagate it to any adjectives to its left, up to the next noun to the left. When we have processed the last noun, we also propagate its property value to any adjectives to the right (to handle e.g. [[anděl strážný]] "guardian angel", where the adjective [[strážný]] should inherit the 'masculine' and 'animate' properties of [[anděl]]). Finally, we set the property value for the multiword spec itself by combining all the non-nil properties of the individual elements. If all non-nil properties have the same value, the result is that value, otherwise it is `mixed_value` (which is "mixed" for animacy and gender, but "both" for number). 3. When we encounter an alternant spec in this process, we recursively process each alternant (which is a multiword spec) using the previous step, and combine any non-nil properties we encounter the same way as for multiword specs. 4. The effect of steps 2 and 3 is to set the property of each alternant and multiword spec based on its children or its neighbors. ]=] local function propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval, mixed_value) propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, "nouns only") propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, false) propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) end local function determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) for i, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then local is_noun = false for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for j, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do if is_regular_noun(word_spec) then multiword_spec.first_noun = j is_noun = true break end end end if is_noun then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i end elseif is_regular_noun(alternant_or_word_spec) then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i return end end end -- Set the part of speech based on properties of the individual words. local function set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) if alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "pronoun" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "determiner" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "numeral" else alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "名詞" end alternant_multiword_spec.plpos = require("モジュール:string utilities").pluralize(alternant_multiword_spec.pos) end local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end base.orig_lemma = base.lemma base.orig_lemma_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma) local lemma = base.orig_lemma_no_links -- If the lemma is all-uppercase, lowercase it but note this, so that later in combine_stem_ending() we convert it -- back to uppercase. This allows us to handle all-uppercase acronyms without a lot of extra complexity. -- FIXME: This may not make sense at all. if uupper(lemma) == lemma then base.all_uppercase = true lemma = ulower(lemma) end base.user_specified_lemma = lemma base.lemma = base.decllemma or lemma end) end local function decline_noun(base) for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if not decls[base.decl] then error("Internal error: Unrecognized declension type '" .. base.decl .. "'") end decls[base.decl](base, stems) end handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) end local function get_variants(form) return nil --[=[ FIXME return form:find(com.VAR1) and "var1" or form:find(com.VAR2) and "var2" or form:find(com.VAR3) and "var3" or nil ]=] end -- Compute the categories to add the noun to, as well as the annotation to display in the -- declension title bar. We combine the code to do these functions as both categories and -- title bar contain similar information. local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) local all_cats = {} local function insert(cattype) m_table.insertIfNot(all_cats, "チェコ語 " .. cattype) end if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "noun" then if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then insert("不可算名詞") elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then insert("pluralia tantum") end end local annotation local annparts = {} local decldescs = {} local vowelalts = {} local foreign = {} local irregs = {} local stemspecs = {} local reducible = nil local function get_genanim(gender, animacy) local gender_code_to_desc = { m = "男性名詞", f = "女性名詞", n = "中性名詞", none = nil, } local animacy_code_to_desc = { an = "有生", inan = "非有生", none = nil, } local descs = {} table.insert(descs, gender_code_to_desc[gender]) if gender ~= "f" and gender ~= "n" then -- masculine or "none" (e.g. certain pronouns and numerals) table.insert(descs, animacy_code_to_desc[animacy]) end return table.concat(descs, " ") end local function trim(text) text = text:gsub(" +", " ") return mw.text.trim(text) end local function do_word_spec(base) local actual_genanim = get_genanim(base.user_specified_gender, base.user_specified_animacy) local declined_genanim = get_genanim(base.gender, base.animacy) local genanim if actual_genanim ~= declined_genanim then genanim = ("%s (declined as %s)"):format(actual_genanim, declined_genanim) insert("nouns with actual gender different from declined gender") else genanim = actual_genanim end if base.user_specified_gender == "m" then -- Insert a category for 'Czech masculine animate nouns' or 'Czech masculine inanimate nouns'; the base categories -- [[:Category:Czech masculine nouns]], [[:Czech animate nouns]] are auto-inserted. insert(actual_genanim .. " ") end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local props = declprops[base.decl] local cats = props.cat if type(cats) == "function" then cats = cats(base, stems) end if type(cats) == "string" then cats = {cats} end local default_desc for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do if not cat:find("GENDER") and not cat:find("GENPOS") and not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " GENPOS" end cat = cat:gsub("GENPOS", "GENDER POS") if not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " POS" end if i == #cats then default_desc = cat:gsub(" POS", "") end cat = cat:gsub("GENDER", actual_genanim) cat = cat:gsub("POS", "") -- Need to trim `cat` because actual_genanim may be an empty string. insert(trim(cat)) end local desc = props.desc if type(desc) == "function" then desc = desc(base, stems) end desc = desc or default_desc desc = desc:gsub("GENDER", genanim) -- Need to trim `desc` because genanim may be an empty string. m_table.insertIfNot(decldescs, trim(desc)) local vowelalt if stems.vowelalt == "quant" then vowelalt = "quant-alt" insert("nouns with quantitative vowel alternation") elseif stems.vowelalt == "quant-ě" then vowelalt = "í-ě-alt" insert("nouns with í-ě alternation") end if vowelalt then m_table.insertIfNot(vowelalts, vowelalt) end if reducible == nil then reducible = stems.reducible elseif reducible ~= stems.reducible then reducible = "mixed" end if stems.reducible then insert("名詞 弱化語幹") end if base.foreign then m_table.insertIfNot(foreign, "外来語活用") if not base.decllemma then -- NOTE: there are nouns that use both 'foreign' and 'decllemma', e.g. [[Zeus]]. insert("名詞 規則外来語活用") end end -- User-specified 'decllemma:' indicates irregular stem. Don't consider foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es, -um/-on or -- silent -e (e.g. [[software]]) where this ending is simply dropped in oblique and plural forms as irregular; -- there are too many of these and they are already categorized above as 'nouns with regular foreign declension'. if base.decllemma then m_table.insertIfNot(irregs, "irreg-stem") insert("nouns with irregular stem") end m_table.insertIfNot(stemspecs, stems.vowel_stem) end end local key_entry = alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs >= key_entry then local alternant_or_word_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs[key_entry] if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do key_entry = multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #multiword_spec.word_specs >= key_entry then do_word_spec(multiword_spec.word_specs[key_entry]) end end else do_word_spec(alternant_or_word_spec) end end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" or alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then -- not "both" or "none" (for [[sebe]]) table.insert(annparts, alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" and "単数形のみ" or "複数形のみ") end if #decldescs == 0 then table.insert(annparts, "indecl") else table.insert(annparts, table.concat(decldescs, " // ")) end if #vowelalts > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(vowelalts, "/")) end if reducible == "mixed" then table.insert(annparts, "mixed-reducible") elseif reducible then table.insert(annparts, "母音弱化") end if #foreign > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(foreign, " // ")) end if #irregs > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(irregs, " // ")) end alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(annparts, " ") if #stemspecs > 1 then insert("nouns with multiple stems") end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and not m_table.deepEquals(alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders, alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders) then insert("nouns that change gender in the plural") end alternant_multiword_spec.categories = all_cats end local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) local lemmas = {} for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do if alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] then for _, formobj in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot]) do -- FIXME, now can support footnotes as qualifiers in headwords? table.insert(lemmas, formobj.form) end break end end local props = { lemmas = lemmas, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, lang = lang, canonicalize = function(form) -- return com.remove_variant_codes(form) return form end, } iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props) end local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms local function template_prelude(min_width) return rsub([=[ <div> <div class="NavFrame" style="display: inline-block; min-width: MINWIDTHem"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">{title}{annotation}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {\op}| style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;min-width:MINWIDTHem" class="inflection-table" |- ]=], "MINWIDTH", min_width) end local function template_postlude() return [=[ |{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div></div>]=] end local table_spec_both = template_prelude("45") .. [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 単数 ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 複数 |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_s} | {nom_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_s} | {gen_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_s} | {dat_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_s} | {acc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_s} | {voc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_s} | {loc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_s} | {ins_p} ]=] .. template_postlude() local function get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number = [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("30") .. table_spec_one_number:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local function get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number_clitic = [=[ ! rowspan=2 style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff"| ! colspan=2 style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | 強勢あり ! style="background:#d9ebff" | clitic |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | colspan=2 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} | {clitic_gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} | {clitic_dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} | {clitic_acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | colspan=2 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | colspan=2 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | colspan=2 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("40") .. table_spec_one_number_clitic:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local notes_template = [=[ <div style="width:100%;text-align:left;background:#d9ebff"> <div style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em"> {footnote} </div></div> ]=] if alternant_multiword_spec.title then forms.title = alternant_multiword_spec.title else forms.title = '<i lang="cs">' .. forms.lemma .. 'の格変化</i>' end local annotation = alternant_multiword_spec.annotation if annotation == "" then forms.annotation = "" else forms.annotation = " (<span style=\"font-size: smaller;\">" .. annotation .. "</span>)" end local number, numcode if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then number, numcode = "singular", "s" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number, numcode = "plural", "p" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "none" then -- used for [[sebe]] number, numcode = "", "s" end local table_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and table_spec_both or alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic and get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) or get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or "" return m_string_utilities.format(table_spec, forms) end local function compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) local genders = {} local number if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number = "-p" else number = "" end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) local animacy = base.animacy if animacy == "inan" then animacy = "in" end m_table.insertIfNot(genders, base.gender .. "-" .. animacy .. number) end) return genders end -- Externally callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments. -- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the declined forms are in -- `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the -- slot key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects -- {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.do_generate_forms(parent_args, from_headword) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "bůh<m.an.#.voce>"}, title = {}, pagename = {}, json = {type = "boolean"}, pos = {}, } if from_headword then params["head"] = {list = true} params["lemma"] = {list = true} params["g"] = {list = true} params["f"] = {list = true} params["m"] = {list = true} params["adj"] = {list = true} params["dim"] = {list = true} params["id"] = {} end local args = m_para.process(parent_args, params) local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = parse_indicator_spec, angle_brackets_omittable = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(args[1], parse_props) alternant_multiword_spec.title = args.title alternant_multiword_spec.args = args local pagename = args.pagename or from_headword and args.head[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) -- These need to happen before detect_all_indicator_specs() so that adjectives get their genders and numbers set -- appropriately, which are needed to correctly synthesize the adjective lemma. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "animacy", "inan", "mixed") propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "number", "both", "both") -- FIXME, the default value (third param) used to be 'm' with a comment indicating that this applied only to -- plural adjectives, where it didn't matter; but in Czech, plural adjectives are distinguished for gender and -- animacy. Make sure 'mixed' works. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "gender", "mixed", "mixed") detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots = get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) local inflect_props = { skip_slot = function(slot) return skip_slot(alternant_multiword_spec.number, slot) end, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, get_variants = get_variants, inflect_word_spec = decline_noun, } iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props) compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.genders = compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) if args.json then alternant_multiword_spec.args = nil return require("モジュール:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec) end return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Entry point for {{cs-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given -- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local alternant_multiword_spec = export.do_generate_forms(parent_args) if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then -- JSON return value return alternant_multiword_spec end show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) .. require("モジュール:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat) end return export hjsob1nfo960oft4kk2522k9urx7tbi 2280322 2280320 2026-06-07T11:44:28Z Kuroco2k 84207 これが一番いいか 2280322 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] --[=[ TERMINOLOGY: -- "slot" = A particular combination of case/number. Example slot names for nouns are "gen_s" (genitive singular) and "voc_p" (vocative plural). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms. -- "form" = The declined Czech form representing the value of a given slot. -- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Czech term. Generally the nominative masculine singular, but may occasionally be another form if the nominative masculine singular is missing. ]=] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Finish synthesize_singular_lemma(). [DONE] 2. Implement feminines in -ea, -oa/-ua, -ia, -oe. [DONE] 3. Implement "mixed" masculine nouns in -l, -n, -t (each different, also inanimate vs. animate). [DONE] 4. Allow 'stem:' override after vowel-final words like [[centurio]]. [DONE using decllemma:] 5. Support masculine foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es. [DONE] 6. Support masculine foreign nouns in -ius/-etc. [DONE] 7. Support masculine foreign nouns in unpronounced final -e (e.g. [[software]]). [DONE] 8. Support neuter foreign nouns in -um/-on. [DONE] 9. Support neuter foreign nouns in -ium/-ion. [DONE] 10. Support paired body parts, e.g. [[ruka]], [[noha]], [[oko]], [[ucho]], [[koleno]], [[rameno]]. [WON'T DO; JUST SEPARATE THE MEANINGS AND GIVE THEM DIFFERENT DECLENSIONS] 11. Support masculine nouns in -e/ě that are neuter in the plural. [DONE] 12. Correctly handle -e vs. -ě, e.g. soft neuters have both [[kutě]] and [[poledne]]. [DONE] 13. Always use specified lemma in nom_pl and maybe acc_pl when plurale tantum. [DONE] 14. Support feminine nouns in -ca/-ča/-ša/-ža. [DONE] 15. Support feminine nouns in -ja/-ňa. [DONE] 16. Support mixed i-stem feminine nouns. [DONE] 17. Support "c as k" feminine nouns like [[ayahuasca]]. 18. Support 'declgender'. [DONE] 19. Support pronouns with clitics. [DONE] 20. Singular-only and plural-only terms should not have number in accelerator form. [DONE] 21. Support [[úterý]] (like neuters in -í). [DONE] 22. Support feminines in -i ([[máti]], [[pramáti]]). [DONE] 23. Support foreign nouns in -ie ([[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]]). [DONE] 24. Support foreign nouns in -í ([[muftí]], [[qádí]]). [DONE] 25. Support manual declensions. [DONE] 26. Support numerals. [DONE] 27. Allow for reducible spec in pluralia tantum and dereduce accordingly; also automatically assign reducibility if singular stem ends in -Ck or -Cc. [DONE] 28. Use `pos` value in all categories. 29. Support determiners [[kolik]], [[tolik]], [[několik]], [[mnoho]]. [DONE] 30. Support a '.velar' indicator for foreign names whose pronunciation but not spelling ends in a velar: [[Remarque]], [[Braque]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]], [[Jake]] with vocative 'Remarquu', 'Braquu', 'Mikeu', 'Drakeu', 'Jakeu'. In general we need more thought around such foreign names; essentially, for names in a silent e, sometimes the -e is dropped in all oblique forms (e.g. [[Shakespeare]], [[Pierre]], [[Barrande]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Braque]], [[Remarque]] with gen sg 'Shakespeara', 'Pierra', Barranda', 'La Fontaina', 'Braqua', 'Remarqua') and sometimes it's kept in all oblique forms except those ending in an -e, where -ee is avoided (e.g. [[Pete]], [[Gable]], [[Jake]], [[White]], [[Byrne]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]] with gen sg 'Petea', 'Gablea' etc. and voc sg 'Pete', 'Gable' but 'Jakeu', 'Mikeu'). Sometimes there are doublets, e.g. [[Hubble]] and [[Hume]] have gen sg 'Hubbla/Hubblea' (where the second form is used among astronomers in a technical sense and the first form may be more popular) and 'Huma/Humea'. We already have a '.foreign' indicator that when applied to a noun ending in -e drops the -e in oblique forms e.g. for [[software]]. We may need to combine this with an explicit indicator of hard, soft or velar as there will be names with silent -e and preceding soft consonant e.g. [[Bruce]], [[Coleridge]]. Note that when the -e is kept it is still dropped before front vowels, hence dat sg 'Bruci'/Bruceovi'. Need some investigation in IJP and cswikt. ]=] local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("cs") local m_table = require("モジュール:table") local m_links = require("モジュール:links") local m_string_utilities = require("モジュール:string utilities") local iut = require("モジュール:inflection utilities") local put = require("モジュール:parse utilities") local m_para = require("モジュール:parameters") local com = require("モジュール:cs-common") local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local NAMESPACE = current_title.nsText local PAGENAME = current_title.text local u = mw.ustring.char local rsplit = mw.text.split local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rgmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local ulen = mw.ustring.len local usub = mw.ustring.sub local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local force_cat = false -- set to true to make categories appear in non-mainspace pages, for testing -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end local function track(track_id) require("モジュール:debug/track")("cs-noun/" .. track_id) return true end local output_noun_slots = { nom_s = "nom|s", nom_s_linked = "nom|s", gen_s = "gen|s", gen_s_linked = "gen|s", clitic_gen_s = "clitic|gen|s", dat_s = "dat|s", clitic_dat_s = "clitic|dat|s", acc_s = "acc|s", clitic_acc_s = "clitic|acc|s", voc_s = "voc|s", loc_s = "loc|s", ins_s = "ins|s", nom_p = "nom|p", nom_p_linked = "nom|p", gen_p = "gen|p", dat_p = "dat|p", acc_p = "acc|p", voc_p = "voc|p", loc_p = "loc|p", ins_p = "ins|p", } local function get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) -- FIXME: To save memory we modify the table in-place. This won't work if we ever end up with multiple calls to -- this module in the same Lua invocation, and we would need to clone the table. if alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "both" then for slot, accel_form in pairs(output_noun_slots) do output_noun_slots[slot] = accel_form:gsub("|[sp]$", "") end end return output_noun_slots end local potential_lemma_slots = {"nom_s", "nom_p", "gen_s"} local cases = { nom = true, gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, voc = true, loc = true, ins = true, } local clitic_cases = { gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, } local function dereduce(stem) local dereduced_stem = com.dereduce(stem) if not dereduced_stem then error("Unable to dereduce stem '" .. stem .. "'") end return dereduced_stem end --[=[ Maybe modify the stem and/or ending in certain special cases: 1. Final -e in vocative singular triggers first palatalization of the stem in some cases (e.g. hard masc). 2. Endings beginning with ě, i, í trigger second palatalization, as does -e in the loc_s. NOTE: Correctly handling -e vs. -ě and -tdn/-ťďň alternations is tricky. We have to deal with the following: 1. Soft-stem and t-stem neuters can have either -e or -ě. With coronals we have both [[poledne]] "noon" with /n/ and [[kutě]] "bed" with /ť/. We also have soft-stem neuter [[Labe]] with /b/ vs. t-stem neuter [[hříbě]] with /bj/. 2. Underlying palatal coronals maintain their nature before back vowels and when not followed by a vowel, e.g. [[štěně]] "puppy" becomes 'štěňata' in the nom/acc/voc plural and [[přítelkyně]] "girlfriend" becomes 'přítelkyň' in the gen plural, but underlying palatal labials become non-palatal, e.g. [[hříbě]] "foal" becomes 'hříbata' in the nom/acc/voc plural. 3. There are at least four types of endings beginning with '-e': a. "maintaining" endings, e.g. instrumental singular '-em', which do not change the nature of the consonant, e.g. [[zákon]] "law" becomes 'zákonem' while [[vězeň]] "prisoner" becomes 'vězeněm'; b. "palatalizing" endings, e.g. locative singular '-e', which palatalizes t/d/n (and more generally applies the Slavic second palatalization, e.g. k -> c, r -> ř), e.g. [[žena]] "woman" becomes 'ženě'; c. "depalatalizing" endings, e.g. feminine i-stem dative plural '-em', which actively depalatalize ť/ď/ň, e.g. [[oběť]] "sacrifice, victim" becomes 'obětem'; d. vocative singular '-e' of hard-stem masculines, which applies the Slavic first palatalization in some circumstances (e.g. k -> č, Cr -> Cř, sometimes c -> č). The way we handle this as follows: 1. We maintain the underlying stems always in their "pronounced" form, i.e. if the last consonant is pronounced ť/ď/ň we maintain the stem in that form, but if pronounced t/d/n, we use those consonants. Hence neuter [[poledne]] "noon" has stem 'poledn-' but neuter [[štěně]] "puppy" has stem 'štěň'. If the stem ends in labial + /j/, we use a special TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL character after the labial (rather than 'j', in case of stems that actually have a written 'j' in them such as [[banjo]]). 2. We signal types (a), (b) and (c) above using respectively 'e', 'ě' and 'E'. Type (d) uses 'e' and sets `base.palatalize_voc`. 3. In combine_stem_ending(), we convert the stem back to the written form before adding the ending. If the ending begins with -e, this may entail converting -e to -ě, and in all cases -E is converted to -e. "Converting to the written form" converts ť/ď/ň to plain equivalents and deletes TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL before -e, converting -e to -ě with such consonants. The same conversions happen before other front consonants -ě/-é/-i/-í, which don't allow ť/ď/ň to precede, and in all cases with TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL, which is not an actual consonant. 4. If the ending is specified using -ě, this is maintained after plain coronals and labials in combine_stem_ending(), and converted to -e in other cases. 5. Applying the first and second palatalization happens below in apply_special_cases(). ]=] local function apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) local palatalize_voc if slot == "voc_s" and ending == "e" and base.palatalize_voc then local palstem = com.apply_first_palatalization(stem) -- According to IJP, nouns ending in -Cr palatalize in the vocative, but those in -Vr don't. In reality, -- though, it's more complex. It appears that animate nouns in -Cr tend to palatalize but inanimate nouns -- do it optionally. Specifics: -- -- Inanimate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed second): [[alabastr]], [[amfiteátr]], [[barometr]], -- [[centilitr]], [[centrimetr]], [[decilitr]], [[decimetr]], [[Dněstr]], [[filtr]], [[galvanometr]], -- [[hektolitr]], [[kalorimetr]], [[litr]], [[lustr]], [[manometr]], [[manšestr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both -- animate and inanimate), [[mikrometr]], [[miliampérmetr]], [[mililitr]], [[nanometr]], [[orchestr]], -- [[parametr]], [[piastr]], [[půllitr]], [[radiometr]], [[registr]], [[rotmistr]], [[semestr]], [[skútr]], -- [[spirometr]], [[svetr]], [[šutr]], [[tachometr]], [[titr]], [[vítr]] (NOTE: has í-ě alternation), -- [[voltmetr]]; [[bagr]], [[bunkr]], [[cedr]], [[Dněpr]], [[fofr]], [[habr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hadr]] -- (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hamr]], [[kafr]], [[kepr]], [[kopr]], [[koriandr]], [[krekr]], [[kufr]], -- [[Kypr]], [[lágr]], [[lógr]], [[manévr]], [[masakr]], [[okr]], [[oleandr]], [[pulovr]], [[šlágr]], -- [[vichr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[žánr]] -- -- -- Inanimate nouns that don't palatalize: [[ampérmetr]], [[anemometr]], [[sfygmomanometr]], [[sfygmometr]]; -- [[dodekaedr]], [[Hamr]], [[ikozaedr]], [[kvádr]], [[sandr]], [[torr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns that palatalize: [[arbitr]], [[bratr]], [[ekonometr]], [[foniatr]], [[fotr]], [[geometr]], -- [[kmotr]], [[lotr]], [[magistr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both animate and inanimate), [[ministr]], [[mistr]], -- [[pediatr]], [[Petr]], [[psychiatr]], [[purkmistr]], [[setr]], [[šamstr]]; [[bobr]], [[fajnšmekr]], -- [[humr]], [[hypochondr]], [[kapr]], [[lídr]], [[negr]], [[obr]], [[salamandr]], [[sólokapr]], [[švagr]], -- [[tygr]], [[zlobr]], [[zubr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed first): [[Silvestr]]; [[Alexandr]], [[snajpr]] -- -- Note the inconsistencies, e.g. [[sfygmomanometr]] and [[ampérmetr]] don't palatalize but [[manometr]] and -- [[miliampérmetr]] do it optionally. In reality, inanimate vocatives are extremely rare so this may not be the -- final word. if base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") and not rfind(stem, "rr$") then -- optional r -> ř stem = {stem, palstem} else stem = palstem end elseif rfind(ending, "^[ěií]") or slot == "loc_s" and ending == "e" then if rfind(stem, "ck$") and rfind(base.lemma, "ck$") then -- IJP says nouns in -ck (back, comeback, crack, deadlock, hatchback, hattrick, joystick, paperback, quarterback, -- rock, soundtrack, track, truck) simplify the resulting -cc ending in the loc_p to -c. Similarly [[quarterback]] -- has nom_pl 'quarterbaci, quarterbackove'. We need to check the lemma as well because nouns in -cek don't do this. stem = rsub(stem, "ck$", "k") end -- loc_s of hard masculines is sometimes -e/ě; the user might indicate this as -e, which we should handle -- correctly stem = com.apply_second_palatalization(stem) end return stem, ending end local function skip_slot(number, slot) return number == "sg" and rfind(slot, "_p$") or number == "pl" and rfind(slot, "_s$") end -- Basic function to combine stem(s) and ending(s) and insert the result into the appropriate slot. `stems` is either -- the `stems` object passed into the declension functions (containing the various stems; see below) or a string to -- override the stem. (NOTE: If you pass a string in as `stems`, you should pass the value of `stems.footnotes` as the -- value of `footnotes` as it will be lost otherwise. If you need to supply your own footnote in addition, use -- iut.combine_footnotes() to combine any user-specified footnote(s) with your footnote(s).) `endings` is either a -- string specifying a single ending or a list of endings. If `endings` is nil, no forms are inserted. If an ending is -- "-", the value of `stems` is ignored and the lemma is used instead as the stem; this is important in case the user -- used `decllemma:` to specify a declension lemma different from the actual lemma, or specified '.foreign' (which has -- a similar effect). local function add(base, slot, stems, endings, footnotes) if not endings then return end if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then return end local stems_footnotes = type(stems) == "table" and stems.footnotes or nil footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, stems_footnotes), footnotes) if type(endings) == "string" then endings = {endings} end for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Compute the stem. If ending is "-", use the lemma regardless. Otherwise if `stems` is a string, use it. -- Otherwise `stems` is an object containing four stems (vowel-vs-non-vowel cross regular-vs-oblique); -- compute the appropriate stem based on the slot and whether the ending begins with a vowel. local stem if ending == "-" then stem = base.user_specified_lemma ending = "" elseif type(stems) == "string" then stem = stems else local is_vowel_ending = rfind(ending, "^" .. com.vowel_c) if stems.oblique_slots == "all" or (stems.oblique_slots == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique") and slot == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique" and (slot == "ins_s" or slot == "dat_p" or slot == "loc_p" or slot == "ins_p") then if is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.oblique_vowel_stem else stem = stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem end elseif is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.vowel_stem else stem = stems.nonvowel_stem end end -- Maybe apply the first or second Slavic palatalization. stem, ending = apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) ending = iut.combine_form_and_footnotes(ending, footnotes) local function combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) return com.combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stem, ending, combine_stem_ending) end end local function process_slot_overrides(base, do_slot) for slot, overrides in pairs(base.overrides) do if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then error("Override specified for invalid slot '" .. slot .. "' due to '" .. base.number .. "' number restriction") end if do_slot(slot) then base.slot_overridden[slot] = true base.forms[slot] = nil for _, override in ipairs(overrides) do for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do local form = value.form local combined_notes = iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, value.footnotes) if override.full then if form ~= "" then iut.insert_form(base.forms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = combined_notes}) end else -- Convert a null ending to "-" in the acc/voc sg slots so that e.g. [[Kerberos]] declared as -- <m.sg.foreign.gena:u.acc-:a> works correctly and generates accusative 'Kerberos/Kerbera' not -- #'Kerber/Kerbera'. if (slot == "acc_s" or slot == "voc_s") and form == "" then form = "-" end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do add(base, slot, stems, form, combined_notes) end end end end end end end local function add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nom_p, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) if base.number == "pl" then -- If this is a plurale tantum noun and we're processing the nominative plural, use the user-specified lemma -- rather than generating the plural from the synthesized singular, which may not match the specified lemma -- (e.g. [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" using <m.pl.mixed> would try to generate 'tvargle/tvargly', and [[peníze]] -- "money" using <m.pl.#ě.genpl-> would try to generate 'peněze'). local acc_p_like_nom = m_table.deepEquals(nom_p, acc_p) nom_p = "-" if acc_p_like_nom then acc_p = "-" end end add(base, "nom_p", stems, nom_p, footnotes) add(base, "gen_p", stems, gen_p, footnotes) add(base, "dat_p", stems, dat_p, footnotes) add(base, "acc_p", stems, acc_p, footnotes) add(base, "loc_p", stems, loc_p, footnotes) add(base, "ins_p", stems, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, footnotes) end local function add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "-", gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, gen_s, clitic_gen_s, dat_s, clitic_dat_s, acc_s, clitic_acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes, no_nom_s ) if not no_nom_s then add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) end add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_gen_s", stems, clitic_gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_dat_s", stems, clitic_dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_acc_s", stems, clitic_acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) end local function handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) local function is_non_derived_slot(slot) return slot ~= "voc_p" and slot ~= "acc_s" and slot ~= "clitic_acc_s" end local function is_derived_slot(slot) return not is_non_derived_slot(slot) end base.slot_overridden = {} -- Handle overrides for the non-derived slots. Do this before generating the derived -- slots so overrides of the source slots (e.g. nom_p) propagate to the derived slots. process_slot_overrides(base, is_non_derived_slot) -- Generate the remaining slots that are derived from other slots. if not base.pron and not base.det then -- Pronouns don't have a vocative (singular or plural). iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_p", base.forms.nom_p) end if not base.forms.acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "gen_s"]) end if not base.forms.clitic_acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.clitic_acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "clitic_acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "clitic_gen_s"]) end -- Handle overrides for derived slots, to allow them to be overridden. process_slot_overrides(base, is_derived_slot) -- Compute linked versions of potential lemma slots, for use in {{cs-noun}}. -- We substitute the original lemma (before removing links) for forms that -- are the same as the lemma, if the original lemma has links. for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot .. "_linked", iut.map_forms(base.forms[slot], function(form) if form == base.orig_lemma_no_links and rfind(base.orig_lemma, "%[%[") then return base.orig_lemma else return form end end)) end end -- Table mapping declension types to functions to decline the noun. The function takes two arguments, `base` and -- `stems`; the latter specifies the computed stems (vowel vs. non-vowel, singular vs. plural) and whether the noun -- is reducible and/or has vowel alternations in the stem. Most of the specifics of determining which stem to use -- and how to modify it for the given ending are handled in add_decl(); the declension functions just need to generate -- the appropriate endings. local decls = {} -- Table specifying additional properties for declension types. Every declension type must have such a table, which -- specifies which category or categories to add and what annotation to show in the title bar of the declension table. -- -- * Only the `cat` property of this table is mandatory; there is also a `desc` property to specify the annotation, but -- this can be omitted and the annotation will then be computed from the `cat` property. The `cat` property is either -- a string, a list of strings or a function (of two arguments, `base` and `stems` as above) returning a string or -- list of strings. The string can contain the keywords GENDER to substitute the gender (and animacy for masculine -- nouns) and POS (to substitute the pluralized part of speech). The keyword GENPOS is equivalent to 'GENDER POS'. If -- no keyword is present, ' GENPOS' is added onto the end. If only GENDER is present, ' POS' is added onto the end. -- In all cases, the language name is added onto the beginning to form the full category name. -- * The `desc` property is of the same form as the `cat` property and specifies the annotation to display in the title -- bar (which may have the same format as the category minus the part of speech, or may be abbreviated). The value -- may not be a list of strings, as only one annotation is displayed. If omitted, it is derived from the category -- spec(s) by taking the last category (if more than one is given) and removing ' POS' before keyword substitution. local declprops = {} -- Return the default masculine animate nominative plural ending(s) given `base` and `stems`. This is called for hard -- and soft masculines ending in a consonant, but not for nouns ending in a vowel, which have their own defaults -- (particularly nouns in -a, where -ista/-ita/-asta behave differently from other nouns in -a). local function default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) return -- [monosyllabic words: Dánové, Irové, králové, mágové, Rusové, sokové, synové, špehové, zběhové, zeťové, manové, danové -- (but Žid → Židé, Čech → Češi).] -- There are too many exceptions to this to make a special rule. It is better to use -- the overall default of -i and require that cases with -ove, -ove/-i, -i/-ove, etc. use overrides. -- com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) and "ové" or -- terms in -cek/-ček; order of -ové vs. -i sometimes varies: -- [[fracek]] (ové/i), [[klacek]] (i/ové), [[macek]] (ové/i), [[nácek]] (i/ové), [[prcek]] (ové/i), [[racek]] (ové/i); -- [[bazilišek]] (i/ové), [[černoušek]] (i/ové), [[drahoušek]] (ové/i), [[fanoušek]] (i/ové), [[františek]] (an/inan, -- ends in -i/-y but not -ové), [[koloušek]] (-i only), [[kulíšek]] (i/ové), [[oříšek]] (i/ové), [[papoušek]] (-i only), -- [[prášek]] (i/ové), [[šašek]] (i/ové). -- make sure to check `stems` as we don't want to include non-reducible words in -cek/-ček/-šek (but do want to include -- [[quarterback]], with -i/-ové) rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[cčš]k$") and {"i", "ové"} or -- barmani, gentlemani, jazzmani, kameramani, narkomani, ombudsmani, pivotmani, rekordmani, showmani, supermani, toxikomani rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*man$") and "i" or -- terms ending in -an after a palatal or a consonant that doesn't change when palatalized, i.e. labial or l (but -man -- forms -mani unless in a proper noun): Brňan → Brňané, křesťan → křesťané, měšťan → měšťané, Moravan → Moravané, -- občan → občané, ostrovan → ostrované, Pražan → Pražané, Slovan → Slované, svatebčan → svatebčané, venkovan → venkované, -- Australan → Australané; some late formations pluralize this way but don't have a palatal consonant preceding the -an, -- e.g. [[pohan]], [[Oděsan]]; these need manual overrides rfind(base.lemma, "[" .. com.inherently_soft .. com.labial .. "l]an$") and {"é", "i"} or -- most now can also take -i -- proper names: Baťové, Novákové, Petrové, Tomášové, Vláďové; exclude demonyms (but include surnames) rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and (base.surname or not rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$")) and "ové" or -- demonyms: [[Albánec]], [[Gruzínec]], [[Izraelec]], [[Korejec]], [[Libyjec]], [[Litevec]], [[Němec]], [[Portugalec]] rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c .. ".*[eě]c$") and "i" or -- From here on down, we're dealing only with lowercase terms. -- buditelé, budovatelé, čekatelé, činitelé, hostitelé, jmenovatelé, pisatelé, ručitelé, velitelé, živitelé rfind(base.lemma, ".*tel$") and "é" or -- nouns in -j: čaroděj → čarodějové, lokaj → lokajové, patricij → patricijové, plebej → plebejové, šohaj → šohajové, žokej → žokejové -- nouns in -l: apoštol → apoštolové, břídil → břídilové, fňukal → fňukalové, hýřil → hýřilové, kutil → kutilové, -- loudal → loudalové, mazal → mazalové, škrabal → škrabalové, škudlil → škudlilové, vyvrhel → vyvrhelové, žvanil → žvanilové -- (we excluded those in -tel above) rfind(base.lemma, ".*[jl]$") and "ové" or -- archeolog → archeologové, biolog → biologové, geolog → geologové, meteorolog → meteorologové rfind(base.lemma, ".*log$") and "ové" or -- dramaturg → dramaturgové, chirurg → chirurgové rfind(base.lemma, ".*urg$") and "ové" or -- fotograf → fotografové, geograf → geografové, lexikograf → lexikografové rfind(base.lemma, ".*graf$") and "ové" or -- bibliofil → bibliofilové, germanofil → germanofilové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fil$") and "ové" or -- rusofob → rusofobové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fob$") and "ové" or -- agronom → agronomové, ekonom → ekonomové rfind(base.lemma, ".*nom$") and "ové" or "i" end decls["hard-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Nouns ending in hard -c, e.g. [[hec]] "joke", [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", don't palatalize. base.palatalize_voc = not rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "c$") base.hard_c = true local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- See [https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=360] on declension of toponyms. local toponym = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) -- Some toponyms take -a in the genitive singular, e.g. toponyms in -ín ([[Zlín]], [[Jičín]], [[Berlín]]); -- -ýn ([[Hostýn]], [[Londýn]]); -ov ([[Havířov]]); and -ev ([[Bezdrev]]), as do some others, e.g. domestic -- [[Beroun]], [[Brandýs]], [[Náchod]], [[Tábor]] and foreign [[Betlém]] "Bethlehem", [[Egypt]], -- [[Jeruzalém]] "Jerusalem", [[Milán]] "Milan", [[Řím]] "Rome", [[Rýn]] "Rhine". Also some transferred from -- common nouns e.g. ([[Nový]]) [[Kostel]], ([[Starý]]) [[Rybník]]. local toponym_gen_a = toponym and (rfind(base.lemma, "[íý]n$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[oe]v$")) -- Toponyms in -ík (Mělník, Braník, Rakovník, Lipník) seem to fluctuate between gen -a and -u. Also some in -- ‑štejn, ‑berg, ‑perk, ‑burk, ‑purk (Rabštejn, Heidelberg, Kašperk, Hamburk, Prešpurk) and some others: -- Zbiroh, Kamýk, Příbor, Zábřeh, Žebrák, Praděd. local toponym_gen_a_u = toponym and rfind(base.lemma, "ík$") -- Toponyms that take -a in the genitive singular tend to take -ě in the locative singular; so do those in -- -štejn (Rabštejn), -hrad (Petrohrad), -grad (Volgograd). local toponym_loc_e = toponym and (toponym_gen_a or rfind(base.lemma, "štejn$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[gh]rad$")) -- Toponyms in -ík seem to fluctuate between loc -ě and -u. local toponym_loc_e_u = toponym_gen_a_u -- Inanimate gen_s in -a other than toponyms in -ín/-ýn/-ev/-ov (e.g. [[zákon]] "law", [[oběd]] "lunch", [[kostel]] "church", -- [[dnešek]] "today", [[leden]] "January", [[trujúhelník]] "triangle") needs to be given manually, using '<gena>'. local gen_s = toponym_gen_a and "a" or toponym_gen_a_u and {"a", "u"} or base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or "a" -- Animates with dat_s only in -u (e.g. [[člověk]] "person", [[Bůh]] "God") need to give this manually, -- using '<datu>'. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} -- Inanimates with loc_s in -e/ě other than certain toponyms (see above) need to give this manually, using <locě>, but -- it will trigger the second palatalization automatically. local loc_s = toponym_loc_e and "ě" or toponym_loc_e_u and {"ě", "u"} or dat_s -- Velar-stem animates with voc_s in -e (e.g. [[Bůh]] "God", voc_s 'Bože'; [[člověk]] "person", voc_s 'člověče') -- need to give this manually using <voce>; it will trigger the first palatalization automatically. local voc_s = velar and "u" or "e" -- 'e' will trigger first palatalization in apply_special_cases() -- Nom_p in -i will trigger second palatalization in apply_special_cases(). local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "y" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- Per IJP and Janda and Townsend: -- * loc_p in -ích is currently the default for velars but not otherwise; it will automatically trigger the second -- palatalization (e.g. [[práh]] "threshold", loc_p 'prazích'). Otherwise, -ích needs to be given manually using -- <locplích>, e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel"; likewise for loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate"), using <locplách>. -- * Inanimate hard nouns in -c normally have -ech: [[hec]] "joke", [[tác]] "tray", [[truc]], [[kec]], [[frc]], -- [[flanc]], [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", [[pokec]] "chat". -- In the IJP tables, inanimate reducible nouns in -ček (and most in -cek, although there are many fewer; also some -- in -žek, but in this case it's too inconsistent to make the default) regularly have both -ích and -ách in the -- locative plural, while similar animate nouns only have -ích. This applies even to nouns like [[háček]] and -- [[koníček]] that can be either animate or inanimate. Make sure to exclude nouns in -ck such as [[comeback]] and -- [[joystick]], which have only -ích. local loc_p = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "[cč]ek$") and rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "[cč]k$") and {"ích", "ách"} or velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", -- loc_p in -ích not after velar stems (e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel") needs to be given manually -- using <locplích>; it will automatically trigger the second palatalization; loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate") also needs to be given manually using <locplách> nom_p, "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["hard-m"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * Animate in -ius: génius, nuncius, nonius (breed of horse), notárius, ordinárius, patricius, primárius, -- pronuncius, various names -- * Animate in -eus: farizeus, basileus, pygmeus ([[skarabeus]] inflects hard in the plural), various names -- * Inanimate in -ius: nonius (measuring device), rádius, sestercius -- NOTE: Inanimate nouns in -eus (nukleus, choreus) inflect hard in the plural local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "ové" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "e", loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["semisoft-m"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-m"] = function(base, stems) base.palatalize_voc = true -- animates with dat_s only in -i need to give this manually, using '<dati>' local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s -- Per IJP, the vast majority of soft masculine animates take -i in the voc_s, but those in -ec/-ěc take -e with first -- palatalization to -če, e.g. [[otec]] "father", [[lovec]] "hunter", [[blbec]] "fool, idiot", [[horolezec]] -- "mountaineer", [[znalec]] "expert", [[chlapec]] "boy", [[nadšenec]] "enthusiast", [[luněc]] (type of bird). -- Demonyms but not surnames ending in -ec but beginning with a capital letter take either -e or -i (only the former -- triggers the first palatalization). Examples: [[Portugalec]], [[Slovinec]] "Slovenian", [[Japonec]], [[Vietnamec]]. -- Not [[Kadlec]] (surname). local voc_s = base.animacy == "an" and rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$") and stems.reducible and (not base.surname and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and {"e", "i"} or "e") or "i" local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- nouns with loc_p in -ech (e.g. [[cíl]] "goal") need to give this manually, using <locplech> add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["soft-m"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-m"] = function(base, stems) -- NOTE: IJP tends to list the soft endings first, but per their section on this -- (https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=220), the hard endings tend to predominate in modern use, so we list them -- first. if base.animacy == "an" then if rfind(base.lemma, "l$") then -- [[anděl]] "angel", [[manžel]] "husband", [[strašpytel]] "coward"; 'strašpytel' has a different declension -- from the other two, with more soft forms. [[manžel]] has plural in -é or -ové and needs an override. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "i", loc_s, "em", "é", "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -s/-z: rorýs, platýs, pilous, markýz, všekaz, stávkokaz, penězokaz, listokaz, dřevokaz, zrnokaz, boss. -- Others recently moving towards this declension: primas, karas, kalous, konipas, ibis, chabrus, chuďas, -- kakabus, kliďas, kandrdas, morous, vágus. -- Some names: Alois, Mánes. -- Both hard and soft endings throughout. Most have -i and -ové in the nominative plural. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"u", "i", "ovi"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, dat_s, nil, {"e", "i"}, loc_s, "em", {"i", "ové"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) end else -- Given in IJP: burel, hnědel, chmel, krevel, kužel, námel, plevel, tmel, zádrhel, apríl, artikul, koukol, rubl, -- úběl, plus reducible nouns cumel, chrchel, [[kotel]] "cauldron", sopel, uhel. Also [[městys]]. Many of them are listed in the -- IJP tables with only hard or with fewer soft forms, so need to be investigated individually. if rfind(base.lemma, "[ls]$") then add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, {"e", "i"}, {"u", "e", "i"}, "em", {"y", "e"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -n/-t; hard in the plural: hřeben, ječmen, [[kámen]] "stone", kmen, kořen, křemen, plamen, -- [[pramen]] "source", [[řemen]] "strap", den, týden, [[loket]] "elbow". -- There may be deviations (e.g. soft plural forms for [[den]]), so need to be investigated individually. add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, "i", {"u", "i"}, "em", "y", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end end end declprops["mixed-m"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["a-m"] = function(base, stems) -- husita → husité, izraelita → izraelité, jezuita → jezuité, kosmopolita → kosmopolité, táborita → táborité -- fašista → fašisté, filatelista → filatelisté, fotbalista → fotbalisté, kapitalista → kapitalisté, -- marxista → marxisté, šachista → šachisté, terorista → teroristé. NOTE: most these words actually appear in -- the IJP tables with -é/-i, so we go accordingly. -- -- gymnasta → gymnasté, fantasta → fantasté; also chiliasta, orgiasta, scholiasta, entuziasta, dynasta, ochlasta, -- sarkasta, vymasta; NOTE: Only 'gymnasta' actually given with just -é; 'fantasta' with -ové/-é, 'dynasta' and -- 'ochlasta' with just -ové, vymasta not in IJP (no plural given in SSJC), and the rest with -é/-i. So we go -- accordingly. local it_ist = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "is?t$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "ast$") -- Velar nouns (e.g. [[sluha]] "servant") have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. Nouns whose stem ends in a soft consonant ([[rikša]], [[paša]], [[bača]], [[mahárádža]], -- [[paňáca]], etc.) behave likewise. -- FIXME: [[pária]] "pariah", [[Maria]] etc. local loc_p = (rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$")) and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "y", "ovi", "u", "o", "ovi", "ou", it_ist and {"é", "i"} or "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["a-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -a" } decls["e-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zachránce]] "savior"; [[soudce]] "judge"; etc. -- At least two inanimates: [[průvodce]] "guide, guidebook; computing wizard"; [[správce]] "manager (software program), configuration program" local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", -- nouns with -ové as well (e.g. [[soudce]] "judge") will need to specify that manually, e.g. <nompli:ové> base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "i", "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["e-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -e" } decls["i-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)"; [[kuli]] "coolie"; [[lori]] "lory, lorikeet (bird)" (loc_pl 'loriech/loriích/lorich'); -- [[vini]] "parrot of the genus Vini"; [[yetti]]/[[yeti]] "yeti". other examples: [[aguti]], [[efendi]], [[hadži]], -- [[pekari]], [[regenschori]], [[yetti]]/[[yeti]]. -- -- [[grizzly]]/[[grizly]] "grizzly bear"; [[pony]] "pony"; [[husky]] "husky"; [[dandy]] "dandy"; [[Billy]] "billy". -- -- NOTE: Some nouns in -y are regular soft stems, e.g. [[gay]] "gay person"; [[gray]] "gray (unit of absorbed -- radiation)"; [[Nagy]] (surname). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i/-y. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", -- ins_pl 'kivii/kivimi' {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, {"ích", "ch"}, {"i", "mi"}) end declprops["i-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i/-y" } decls["í-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kádí]] "qadi (Islamic judge)", [[mahdí]] "Mahdi (Islamic prophet)", [[muftí]] "mufti (Islamic scholar)", -- [[sipáhí]] "sipahi (Algerian cavalryman in the French army)" -- -- No obvious examples in -ý, but the support is there. -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, "ích", "mi") end declprops["í-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["ie-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zombie]] "zombie" (also fem/neut), [[hippie]] "hippie", [[yuppie]] "yuppie", [[rowdie]] "rowdy/hooligan" -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i (not -ie, because of the plural). add_decl(base, stems, "eho", "emu", nil, "-", "em", "em", {"ové", "es"}, {"ů", "es"}, {"ům", "es"}, {"e", "es"}, {"ích", "es"}, {"i", "es"}) end declprops["ie-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ie" } decls["o-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kápo]] "head, leader"; [[lamželezo]] "strongman"; [[torero]] "bullfighter"; [[žako]] "African gray parrot"; -- [[dingo]] "dingo"; [[kakapo]] "kakapo" (given in Wiktionary with dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only not -ovi/-u; probably -- wrong but not in IJP); [[maestro]] "maestro"; [[Bruno]] "Bruno", [[Hugo]] "Hugo"; [[Ivo]] "Yves" (these names -- are singular-only per IJP); [[Kvido]] "Guido, Guy" (per IJP has accusative in -a or -ona); [[Oto]] "Otto" (per -- IJP also declinable like virile -a masculines; singular-only); [[Kuřátko]] (a surname; how declined?); -- [[Picasso]] (surname; how declined?); [[Pluto]] "Pluto (God)", also "Pluto (planet)", which is inanimate; -- [[Samo]]/[[Sámo]] "Samo (7th century Slavic ruler)" (dat_s/loc_s only in -ovi, needs override); [[Tomio]] -- "Tomio (Japanese male given name)" (how declined?); [[nemakačenko]] "idler, loafer" (given in Wiktionary with -- dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only, as for [[kakapo]]); [[nefachčenko]] "idler, loafer"; note also [[gadžo]] "gadjo", -- which has a unique declension. -- -- Velar nouns ([[žako]], [[dingo]], etc.) have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- inanimates e.g. [[Pluto]] (planet) have -u only, like for normal hard masculines. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi"or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local loc_p = velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["o-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -o" } decls["u-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[emu]] "emu", [[guru]] "guru", [[kakadu]] "cockatoo", [[marabu]] "marabou" (declined the same way) -- [[Osamu]] "Osamu (Japanese male given name)" [how declined?] -- [[Višnu]] "Vishnu" (declined like [[guru]] but singular-only) -- [[budižkničemu]] "good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well" (indeclinable in the singular, declinable as masculine hard stem -- budižkničemové etc. in the plural, declinable as feminine hard stem budižkničemy etc. in the plural when feminine). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -u. add_decl(base, stems, "a", "ovi", nil, "-", "ovi", "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end declprops["u-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -u" } decls["tstem-m"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[kníže]] "prince", [[hrabě]] "earl", [[markrabě]] "margrave". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "ete", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-m"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["hard-f"] = function(base, stems) base.no_palatalize_c = true -- [[skica]] "sketch", [[gejša]] "geisha", [[rikša]] "rickshaw (vehicle)"; [[arakača]], [[čača]], [[čiča]] (drink), -- [[dača]] "dacha", [[gutaperča]] "guttapercha", [[viskača]]; [[babča]], [[číča]], [[káča]], [[mamča]], [[úča]]. -- Also appears to apply to ď (e.g. [[Naďa]]) and ť, as well as certain words with stems in -ň and -j (e.g. [[Táña]], -- [[doňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]]), which normally have a mixed declension. local dat_s = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "[cčšžďťjň]$") and {"ě", "i"} or "ě" local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "y", dat_s, "u", "o", loc_s, "ou", "y", "", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["hard-f"] = { cat = "硬語幹" } decls["soft-f"] = function(base, stems) -- This also includes feminines in -ie, e.g. [[belarie]], [[signorie]], [[uncie]], and feminines in -oe, e.g. -- [[kánoe]], [[aloe]] and medical terms like [[dyspnoe]], [[apnoe]], [[hemoptoe]], [[kalanchoe]]. -- Nouns in -ice like [[ulice]] "street" have null genitive plural e.g. 'ulic'; nouns in -yně e.g. [[přítelkyně]] -- "girlfriend" have gen pl 'přítelkyň' or 'přítelkyní' with two possible endings; otherwise -í. (Alternation between -- -ň and -n and between -e and -ě handled automatically by combine_stem_ending().) local gen_p = rfind(base.lemma, "ice$") and "" or rfind(base.lemma, "yně$") and {"", "í"} or "í" -- Vocative really ends in -e, not just a copy of the nominative; cf. [[sinfonia]], which is soft-f except for -- the nominative and has -e in the vocative singular. add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "i", "e", "i", "í", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["soft-f"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Lowercase nouns in -ňa (e.g. bárišňa/báryšňa, doňa, dueňa, piraňa, vikuňa) and -ja (e.g. maracuja, papája, sója). -- Does not appear to apply to proper nouns (e.g. [[Táňa]] "Tanya", [[Darja]] "Daria", [[Troja]]/[[Trója]] "Troy", -- which usually decline like [[gejša]], [[dača]], [[skica]]). add_decl(base, stems, {"i", "e"}, {"e", "i"}, "u", "o", {"e", "i"}, "ou", {"i", "e"}, {"", "í"}, {"ám", "ím"}, {"i", "e"}, {"ách", "ích"}, {"ami", "emi"}) end declprops["mixed-f"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["cons-f"] = function(base, stems) -- e.g. [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "e", "í", "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["cons-f"] = { cat = "soft zero-ending" } decls["istem-f"] = function(base, stems) add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", -- See above under apply_special_cases(); -E causes depalatalization of ť/ď/ň. "i", "í", "Em", "i", "Ech", "mi") end declprops["istem-f"] = { cat = "i-stem" } decls["mixed-istem-f"] = function(base, stems) local gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p -- Use of ě vs E below is intentional. Contrast [[oběť]] dat pl 'obětem' (depalatalizing) with [[nit]] ins pl -- 'nitěmi' (palatalizing). See comment above under apply_special_cases(). if base.mixedistem == "pěst" then -- pěst, past, mast, lest [reducible; ins pl 'lstmi'], pelest, propust, plst, oběť, zeď [reducible; ins pl -- 'zdmi'], paměť [ins pl 'pamětmi/paměťmi] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"ím", "Em"}, {"ích", "Ech"}, "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "moc" then -- moc, nemoc, pomoc, velmoc; NOTE: pravomoc has -i/-e alternation in gen_s, nom_p gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"Em", "ím"}, {"Ech", "ích"}, "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "myš" then -- myš, veš [reducible, ins pl vešmi], hruď, měď, pleť, spleť, směs, smrt, step, odpověď [ins pl 'odpověď'mi/odpovědmi'], šeď, -- závěť [ins pl 'závěťmi/závětmi'], plsť [ins pl 'plstmi'] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "noc" then -- lež [reducible], noc, mosaz, rez [reducible], ves [reducible], mysl, sůl, běl, žluť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "žluč" then -- žluč, moč, modř, čeleď, kapraď, záď, žerď, čtvrť/čtvrt, drť, huť, chuť, nit, pečeť, závrať, pouť, stať, ocel gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "loď" then -- loď, suť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", {"ěmi", "mi"} else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'mixedistem', should be one of 'pěst', 'moc', 'myš', 'noc', 'žluč' or 'loď'"): format(base.mixedistem)) end add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", nom_p, "í", dat_p, nom_p, loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["mixed-istem-f"] = { -- Include subtype in the table description but not in the category to avoid too many categories. desc = function(base, stems) return ("mixed i-stem [type '%s'] GENDER"):format(base.mixedistem) end, cat = function(base, stems) return {"mixed i-stem", ("mixed i-stem GENPOS (type '%s')"):format(base.mixedistem)} end, } decls["i-f"] = function(base, stems) -- [[máti]] "mother" (singular-only), [[pramáti]] "foremother"; very similar to the 'noc' mixed i-stem type add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "i", "í", "ím", "i", "ích", "ěmi") end declprops["i-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i" } decls["ea-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -e. if base.tech then -- diarea, gonorea, chorea, nauzea, paleogea, seborea, trachea add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", {"ám", "ím"}, "y", {"ách", "ích"}, "ami") else -- idea, odysea ("wandering pilgrimage"), orchidea, palea, spirea -- proper names Galilea, Judea, Caesarea, Korea, Odyssea ("epic poem") add_decl(base, stems, {"y", "je"}, "ji", "u", "o", "ji", {"ou", "jí"}, {"y", "je"}, "jí", {"ám", "jím"}, {"y", "je"}, {"ách", "jích"}, {"ami", "jemi"}) end end declprops["ea-f"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.tech then return {"GENPOS in -ea", "technical GENPOS in -ea"} else return "GENPOS in -ea" end end } decls["oa-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -o/-u. -- stoa, kongrua; proper names Samoa, Managua, Nikaragua, Capua add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["oa-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -oa/-ua" } decls["ia-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -i. -- belaria, signoria, uncia; paranoia, sinfonia; -- proper names Alexandria, Alexia, Livia, Monrovia, Olympia, Sofia -- Identical to soft declension except for nom sg. decls["soft-f"](base, stems) end declprops["ia-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ia" } decls["hard-n"] = function(base, stems) local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- NOTE: Per IJP it appears the meaning of the preceding preposition makes a difference: 'o' = "about" takes -- '-u' or '-ě', while 'na/v' = "in, on" normally takes '-ě'. local loc_s = -- Exceptions: [[mléko]] "milk" ('mléku' or 'mléce'), [[břicho]] "belly" ('břiše' or (less often) 'břichu'), -- [[roucho]] ('na rouchu' or 'v rouše'; why the difference in preposition?). velar and "u" or -- IJP says nouns in -dlo take only -e but the declension tables show otherwise. It appears -u is possible -- but significantly less common. Other nouns in -lo usually take just -e ([[čelo]] "forehead", -- [[kolo]] "wheel", [[křeslo]] "armchair", [[máslo]] "butter", [[peklo]] "hell", [[sklo]] "glass", -- [[světlo]] "light", [[tělo]] "body"; but [[číslo]] "number' with -e/-u; [[zlo]] "evil" and [[kouzlo]] "spell" -- with -u/-e). rfind(base.lemma, "dlo$") and {"ě", "u"} or rfind(base.lemma, "lo$") and "ě" or (rfind(base.lemma, "[sc]tvo$") or rfind(base.lemma, "ivo$")) and "u" or -- Per IJP: Borrowed words and abstracts take -u (e.g. [[banjo]]/[[bendžo]]/[[benžo]] "banjo", [[depo]] "depot", -- [[chladno]] "cold", [[mokro]] "damp, dampness", [[právo]] "law, right", [[šeru]] "twilight?", -- [[temno]] "dark, darkness", [[tempo]] "rate, tempo", [[ticho]] "quiet, silence", [[vedro]] "heat") and others -- often take -ě/-u. Formerly we defaulted to -ě/-u but it seems better to default to just -u, similarly to hard -- masculines. -- {"ě", "u"} "u" local loc_p = -- Note, lemmas in -isko also have mixed-reducible as default, handled in determine_default_reducible(). -- Note also, ending -ích triggers the second palatalization. rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") and {"ích", "ách"} or -- Diminutives in -ko, -čko, -tko; also [[lýtko]], [[děcko]], [[vrátka]], [[dvířka]], [[jho]], [[roucho]], -- [[tango]], [[mango]], [[sucho]], [[blaho]], [[víko]], [[echo]], [[embargo]], [[largo]], [[jericho]] (from -- IJP). Also foreign nouns in -kum: [[antibiotikum]], [[narkotikum]], [[afrodiziakum]], [[analgetikum]], etc. -- [[jablko]] "apple" has '-ách' or '-ích' and needs an override; likewise for [[vojsko]] "troop"; [[riziko]] -- "risk" normally has '-ích' and needs and override. velar and "ách" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", loc_s, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", loc_p, "y") -- FIXME: paired body parts e.g. [[rameno]] "shoulder" (gen_p/loc_p 'ramenou/ramen'), [[koleno]] "knee" -- (gen_p/loc_p 'kolenou/kolen'), [[prsa]] "chest, breasts" (plurale tantum; gen_p/loc_p 'prsou'). -- FIXME: Nouns with both neuter and feminine forms in the plural, e.g. [[lýtko]] "calf (of the leg)", -- [[bedro]] "hip", [[vrátka]] "gate". end declprops["hard-n"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * In -ao: [[kakao]] "cacao", [[makao]] "Macao (gambling card game, see Wikipedia)", [[curaçao]] "curaçao (liqueur)" -- (IJP gives gen pl 'curaç' but ASSC [https://slovnikcestiny.cz/heslo/cura%C3%A7ao/0/9967] says 'curaçí' as expected), -- [[farao]] "faro (card game)"; also [[Makao]], [[Pathet Lao]], but these are sg-only -- * In -eo: [[stereo]], [[rodeo]], [[video]], [[solideo]]; also [[Borneo]], [[Montevideo]], but these are sg-only -- * In -io: [[rádio]] "radio", [[gramorádio]], [[studio]], [[scenário]], [[trio]], [[ážio]] (also spelled [[agio]]), -- [[disážio]], [[folio]], [[vibrio]]; also [[arpeggio]], [[adagio]], [[capriccio]], [[solfeggio]] although -- pronounced the Italian way without /i/; also [[Ohio]], [[Ontario]], [[Tokio]], but these are sg-only -- * In -uo: only [[duo]] -- * In -yo: only [[embryo]] -- * In -eum: [[muzeum]], [[lyceum]], [[linoleum]], [[ileum]], etc. -- * In -ium: [[atrium]] "atrium", most chemical elements, etc. -- * In -ion: [[enkómion]] "encomium", [[eufonion]] (variant of [[eufonium]]), [[amnion]], [[ganglion]], [[gymnasion]], -- [[scholion]], [[kritérion]] (rare for [[kritérium]]), [[onomatopoion]] (variant of [[onomatopoie]]), -- [[symposion]], [[synedrion]]; also [[Byzantion]], but this is sg-only; most words in -ion are masculine -- Hard in the singular, mostly soft in the plural. Those in -eo and -uo have alternative hard endings in the -- dat/loc/ins pl, but not those in -eum. Those in -ao have only hard endings except in the gen pl. (There are -- apparently no neuters in -eon; those in -eon e.g. [[akordeon]], [[neon]], [[nukleon]] are masculine.) local dat_p, loc_p, ins_p if rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "ao$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ům", "ech", "y" elseif rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "[eu]o$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"ím", "ům"}, {"ích", "ech"}, {"i", "y"} else dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ím", "ích", "i" end add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", "u", "em", "a", "í", dat_p, "a", loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["semisoft-n"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: [[moře]] "sea", [[slunce]] "sun", [[srdce]] "heart", [[citoslovce]] "interjection", -- [[dopoledne]] "late morning", [[odpoledne]] "afternoon", [[hoře]] "sorrow, grief" (archaic or literary), -- [[inhalace]] "inhalation", [[kafe]] "coffee", [[kanape]] "sofa", [[kutě]] "bed", [[Labe]] "Elbe (singular only)", -- [[líce]] "cheek", [[lože]] "bed", [[nebe]] "sky; heaven", [[ovoce]] "fruit", [[pole]] "field", [[poledne]] -- "noon", [[příslovce]] "adverb", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also t-n), [[vejce]] "egg" (NOTE: gen pl 'vajec'). -- -- Many nouns in -iště, with null genitive plural. local gen_p = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "išť$") and "" or "í" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "-", "i", "em", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "i") -- NOTE: Some neuter words in -e indeclinable, e.g. [[Belize]], [[Chile]], [[garde]] "chaperone", [[karaoke]], -- [[karate]], [[re]] "double raise (card games)", [[ukulele]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[zombie]] (pl. 'zombie' or -- 'zombies') -- some nearly indeclinable, e.g. [[finále]], [[chucpe]]; see mostly-indecl below end declprops["soft-n"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["í-n"] = function(base, stems) -- [[nábřeží]] "waterfront" and a zillion others; also [[úterý]] "Tuesday". -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "", "", "-", "-", "", "m", "", "", "m", "", "ch", "mi") end declprops["í-n"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["n-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[břemeno]] "burden" (also [[břímě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[písmeno]] "letter"; [[plemeno]] "breed"; -- [[rameno]] "shoulder" (also [[rámě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[semeno]] "seed" (also [[sémě]], [[símě]], use -- 'decllemma:'); [[temeno]] "crown (of the head)"; [[vemeno]] "udder" add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, {"i", "u"}, "-", "-", {"ě", "i", "u"}, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", "ech", "y") end declprops["n-n"] = { cat = "n-stem" } decls["tstem-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[batole]] "toddler", [[čuně]] "pig", [[daňče]] "fallow deer fawn", [[děvče]] "girl", [[ďouče]] "girl" -- (dialectal), [[dítě]] "child" (NOTE: feminine in the plural [[děti]], declined as a feminine i-stem), [[dvojče]] -- "twin", [[hádě]] "young snake", [[house]] "gosling", [[hříbě]] "foal" (pl. hříbata), [[jehně]] "lamb", [[kavče]] -- "young jackdaw; chough", [[káče]] "duckling", [[káně]] "buzzard chick" (NOTE: also feminine meaning "buzzard"), -- [[klíště]] "tick", [[kose]] "blackbird chick" (rare), [[kuře]] "chick (young chicken)", [[kůzle]] -- "kid (young goat)", [[lišče]] "fox cub", [[lvíče]] "lion cub", [[medvídě]] "bear cub", [[mládě]] "baby animal", -- [[morče]] "guinea pig", [[mrně]] "toddler", [[nemluvně]] "infant", [[novorozeně]] "newborn", [[orle]] "eaglet", -- [[osle]] "donkey foal", [[pachole]] "boy (obsolete); page, squire", [[páže]] "page, squire", [[podsvinče]] -- "suckling pig", [[prase]] "pig", [[prtě]] "toddler", [[ptáče]] "chick (young bird)", -- [[robě]] "baby, small child", [[saranče]] "locust" (NOTE: also feminine), [[sele]] "piglet", -- [[slůně]] "baby elephant", [[škvrně]] "toddler", [[štěně]] "puppy", [[tele]] "calf", [[velbloudě]] "camel colt", -- [[vlče]] "wolf cub", [[vnouče]] "grandchild", [[vyžle]] "small hunting dog; slender person", -- [[zvíře]] "animal, beast". -- -- Some referring to inanimates, e.g. [[doupě]] "lair" (pl. doupata), [[koště]]/[[chvoště]] "broom", [[paraple]] -- "umbrella", [[poupě]] "bud", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also soft-n), [[rajče]] "tomato", [[šuple]] "drawer", -- [[varle]] "testicle", [[vole]] "craw (of a bird); goiter". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "-", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-n"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["ma-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[drama]] "drama", [[dogma]] "dogma", [[aneurysma]]/[[aneuryzma]] "aneurysm", [[dilema]] "dilemma", -- [[gumma]] "gumma" (non-cancerous syphilitic growth), [[klima]] "climate", [[kóma]] "coma", [[lemma]] "lemma", -- [[melisma]] "melisma", [[paradigma]] "paradigm", [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "plasma [partly ionized gas]" -- (note [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "blood plasma" is feminine), [[revma]] "rheumatism", [[schéma]] "schema, diagram", -- [[schisma]]/[[schizma]] "schism", [[smegma]] "smegma", [[sofisma]]/[[sofizma]] "sophism", [[sperma]] "sperm", -- [[stigma]] "stigma", [[téma]] "theme", [[trauma]] "trauma", [[trilema]] "trilemma", [[zeugma]] "zeugma". add_decl(base, stems, "atu", "atu", "-", "-", "atu", "atem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["ma-n"] = { cat = "ma-stem" } decls["adj"] = function(base, stems) local props = {} local propspec = table.concat(props, ".") if propspec ~= "" then propspec = "<" .. propspec .. ">" end local adj_alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:cs-adjective").do_generate_forms({base.lemma .. propspec}) local function copy(from_slot, to_slot) base.forms[to_slot] = adj_alternant_multiword_spec.forms[from_slot] end if base.number ~= "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then copy("nom_m", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_f", "nom_s") copy("gen_f", "gen_s") copy("dat_f", "dat_s") copy("acc_f", "acc_s") copy("loc_f", "loc_s") copy("ins_f", "ins_s") else copy("nom_n", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("acc_n", "acc_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") end if not base.forms.voc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_s", base.forms.nom_s) end end if base.number ~= "sg" then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then copy("nom_mp_an", "nom_p") else copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") end copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") else copy("nom_np", "nom_p") copy("acc_np", "acc_p") end copy("gen_p", "gen_p") copy("dat_p", "dat_p") copy("ins_p", "ins_p") copy("loc_p", "loc_p") end end local function get_stemtype(base) if rfind(base.lemma, "ý$") then return "hard" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "í$") then return "soft" else return "possessive" end end declprops["adj"] = { cat = function(base, stems) return {"adjectival POS", get_stemtype(base) .. " GENDER adjectival POS"} end, } decls["mostly-indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Several neuters: E.g. [[finále]] "final (sports)", [[čtvrtfinále]] "quarterfinal", [[chucpe]] "chutzpah", -- [[penále]] "fine, penalty", [[promile]] "" (NOTE: loc pl also promilech), [[rande]] "rendezvous", [[semifinále]] -- "semifinal", [[skóre]] "score". -- At least one masculine animate: [[kamikaze]]/[[kamikadze]], where IJP says only -m in the ins sg. local ins_s = base.gender == "m" and "m" or {"-", "m"} add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", ins_s, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["mostly-indecl"] = { cat = "mostly indeclinable" } decls["indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Indeclinable. Note that fully indeclinable nouns should not have a table at all rather than one all of whose forms -- are the same; but having an indeclinable declension is useful for nouns that may or may not be indeclinable, e.g. -- [[desatero]] "group of ten" or the plural of [[peso]], which may be indeclinable 'pesos'. add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["indecl"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.adj then return {"adjectival POS", "indeclinable adjectival POS", "indeclinable GENDER adjectival POS"} else return {"indeclinable POS", "indeclinable GENPOS"} end end } decls["manual"] = function(base, stems) -- Anything declined manually using overrides. We don't set any declensions except the nom_s (or nom_p if plurale -- tantum). add(base, base.number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s", stems, "-") end declprops["manual"] = { desc = "GENDER", cat = {}, } local function set_pron_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.lemma ~= "ona" and base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for pronouns") end local function pron_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. if base.lemma == "kdo" then return "none", "sg", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "co" then return "none", "sg", "inan", false elseif base.lemma == "já" or base.lemma == "ty" then return "none", "sg", "an", true elseif base.lemma == "my" or base.lemma == "vy" then return "none", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "on" then return "m", "sg", "none", true elseif base.lemma == "ono" then return "n", "sg", "inan", true elseif base.lemma == "oni" then return "m", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "ony" then return "none", "pl", "none", false elseif base.lemma == "ona" then if base.number ~= "sg" and base.number ~= "pl" then error("Must specify '.sg' or '.pl' with lemma 'ona'") end if base.number == "sg" then return "f", "sg", "none", false else return "n", "pl", "inan", false end elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then return "none", "none", "none", true else error(("Unrecognized pronoun '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = pron_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_pronoun_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with pronouns") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "pron" end decls["pron"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "kdo" then add_decl(base, stems, "koho", "komu", nil, nil, "kom", "kým") elseif base.lemma == "co" then add_decl(base, stems, "čeho", "čemu", nil, nil, "čem", "čím") elseif base.lemma == "já" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "mne", "mě", "mně", "mi", nil, nil, nil, "mně", "mnou") elseif base.lemma == "ty" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "tebe", "tě", "tobě", "ti", nil, nil, nil, "tobě", "tebou") elseif base.lemma == "my" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nás", "nám", "nás", "nás", "námi") elseif base.lemma == "vy" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "vás", "vám", "vás", "vás", "vámi") elseif base.lemma == "on" or base.lemma == "ono" then local acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jeho", "jej"} or "je" local clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jej", "ho"} or "je" local prep_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"něho", "něj"} or "ně" local prep_clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and "-ň" or nil add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "jeho", "ho", "jemu", "mu", acc_s, clitic_acc_s, nil, nil, "jím") add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "něho", nil, "němu", nil, prep_acc_s, prep_clitic_acc_s, nil, "něm", "ním", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "ona" and base.number == "sg" then add_sg_decl(base, stems, "jí", "jí", "ji", nil, nil, "jí") add_sg_decl(base, stems, "ní", "ní", "ni", nil, "ní", "ní", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "oni" or base.lemma == "ony" or base.lemma == "ona" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "jich", "jim", "je", nil, "jimi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nich", "nim", "ně", "nich", "nimi", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then -- Underlyingly we handle [[sebe]]'s slots as singular. add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "sebe", "sebe", "sobě", "si", "sebe", "se", nil, "sobě", "sebou", nil, "no nom_s") else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized pronoun lemma '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end declprops["pron"] = { desc = "GENDER pronoun", cat = {}, } local function set_num_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for numeral") end local function num_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "pl", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = num_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_numeral_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with numerals") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "num" end decls["num"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "dva" or base.lemma == "dvě" then -- in compound numbers; stem is dv- add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ou", "ěma", "-", "ou", "ěma") elseif base.lemma == "tři" or base.lemma == "čtyři" then -- stem is without -i local is_three = base.lemma == "tři" add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, is_three and "í" or "", "em", "-", "ech", is_three and "emi" or "mi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ech", nil, nil, nil, nil, "[colloquial]") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, is_three and "ema" or "ma", "[when modifying a form ending in ''-ma'']") elseif base.lemma == "devět" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "devíti", "devíti", "-", "devíti", "devíti", stems.footnotes) elseif base.lemma == "sta" or base.lemma == "stě" or base.lemma == "set" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "set", "stům", "-", "stech", "sty", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "[cs]et$") then -- [[deset]] and all numbers ending in -cet ([[dvacet]], [[třicet]], [[čtyřicet]] and inverted compound -- numerals such as [[pětadvacet]] "25" and [[dvaatřicet]] "32") local begin = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)et$") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") add_pl_only_decl(base, begin, "íti", "íti", "-", "íti", "íti", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "oje$") then -- [[dvoje]], [[troje]] -- stem is without -e add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ích", "ím", "-", "ích", "ími") elseif rfind(base.lemma, "ery$") then -- [[čtvery]], [[patery]], [[šestery]], [[sedmery]], [[osmery]], [[devatery]], [[desatery]] -- stem is without -y add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ých", "ým", "-", "ých", "ými") else add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") end end declprops["num"] = { desc = "GENDER numeral", cat = {}, } local function set_det_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for determiner") end local function det_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "none", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = det_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_determiner_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with determiners") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "det" end decls["det"] = function(base, stems) add_sg_decl(base, stems, "a", "a", "-", nil, "a", "a") end declprops["det"] = { desc = "GENDER determiner", cat = {}, } local function fetch_footnotes(separated_group) local footnotes for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then error("Extraneous text after bracketed footnotes: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'") end if not footnotes then footnotes = {} end table.insert(footnotes, separated_group[j]) end return footnotes end --[=[ Parse a single override spec (e.g. 'nomplé:ové' or 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]') and return two values: the slot(s) the override applies to, and an object describing the override spec. The input is actually a list where the footnotes have been separated out; for example, given the spec 'inspl:čobotami:čobotámi[rare]:čobitmi[archaic]', the input will be a list {"inspl:čobotami:čobotámi", "[rare]", ":čobitmi", "[archaic]", ""}. The object returned for 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]' looks like this: { full = true, values = { { form = "autodráhou" }, { form = "autodrahou", footnotes = {"[rare]"} } } } The object returned for 'nomplé:ové' looks like this: { values = { { form = "é", }, { form = "ové", } } } ]=] local function parse_override(segments) local retval = {values = {}} local part = segments[1] local slots = {} while true do local case = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case] then -- ok else error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end part = usub(part, 4) local slot if rfind(part, "^pl") then part = usub(part, 3) slot = case .. "_p" elseif rfind(part, "^cl") then -- No plural clitic cases at this point. part = usub(part, 3) if clitic_cases[case] then slot = "clitic_" .. case .. "_s" else error(("Unrecognized clitic case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end else slot = case .. "_s" end table.insert(slots, slot) if rfind(part, "^%+") then part = usub(part, 2) else break end end if rfind(part, "^:") then retval.full = true part = usub(part, 2) end segments[1] = part local colon_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, ":") for i, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local value = {} local form = colon_separated_group[1] if form == "" then error(("Use - to indicate an empty ending for slot%s '%s': '%s'"):format(#slots > 1 and "s" or "", table.concat(slots), table.concat(segments))) elseif form == "-" then value.form = "" else value.form = form end value.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(colon_separated_group) table.insert(retval.values, value) end return slots, retval end --[=[ Parse an indicator spec (text consisting of angle brackets and zero or more dot-separated indicators within them). Return value is an object of the form { overrides = { SLOT = {OVERRIDE, OVERRIDE, ...}, -- as returned by parse_override() ... }, forms = {}, -- forms for a single spec alternant; see `forms` below footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing stems = { -- may be missing { reducible = TRUE_OR_FALSE, footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing -- The following fields are filled in by determine_stems() vowel_stem = "STEM", nonvowel_stem = "STEM", oblique_slots = one of {nil, "gen_p", "all", "all-oblique"}, oblique_vowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), oblique_nonvowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), }, ... }, gender = "GENDER", -- "m", "f", "n" number = "NUMBER", -- "sg", "pl"; may be missing animacy = "ANIMACY", -- "inan", "an"; may be missing hard = true, -- may be missing soft = true, -- may be missing mixed = true, -- may be missing surname = true, -- may be missing istem = true, -- may be missing ["-istem"] = true, -- may be missing tstem = true, -- may be missing nstem = true, -- may be missing tech = true, -- may be missing foreign = true, -- may be missing mostlyindecl = true, -- may be missing indecl = true, -- may be missing manual = true, -- may be missing adj = true, -- may be missing decllemma = "DECLENSION-LEMMA", -- may be missing declgender = "DECLENSION-GENDER", -- may be missing -- The following additional fields are added by other functions: orig_lemma = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA", -- as given by the user orig_lemma_no_links = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA-NO-LINKS", -- links removed lemma = "LEMMA", -- `orig_lemma_no_links`, converted to singular form if plural and lowercase if all-uppercase forms = { SLOT = { { form = "FORM", footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...} -- may be missing }, ... }, ... }, decl = "DECL", -- declension, e.g. "hard-m" vowel_stem = "VOWEL-STEM", -- derived from vowel-ending lemmas nonvowel_stem = "NONVOWEL-STEM", -- derived from non-vowel-ending lemmas } ]=] local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec) local inside = rmatch(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$") assert(inside) local base = {overrides = {}, forms = {}} if inside ~= "" then local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") local dot_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.") for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do local part = dot_separated_group[1] local case_prefix = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case_prefix] then local slots, override = parse_override(dot_separated_group) for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do if base.overrides[slot] then error(("Two overrides specified for slot '%s'"):format(slot)) else base.overrides[slot] = {override} end end elseif part == "" then if #dot_separated_group == 1 then error("Blank indicator: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(dot_separated_group) elseif rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*$") or rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*,") then if base.stem_sets then error("Can't specify reducible/vowel-alternant indicator twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",") local stem_sets = {} for i, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local pattern = comma_separated_group[1] local orig_pattern = pattern local reducible, vowelalt, oblique_slots if pattern == "-" then -- default reducible, no vowel alt else local before, after before, reducible, after = rmatch(pattern, "^(.-)(%-?%*)(.-)$") if before then pattern = before .. after reducible = reducible == "*" end if pattern ~= "" then if not rfind(pattern, "^##?ě?$") then error("Unrecognized vowel-alternation pattern '" .. pattern .. "', should be one of #, ##, #ě or ##ě: '" .. inside .. "'") end if pattern == "#ě" or pattern == "##ě" then vowelalt = "quant-ě" else vowelalt = "quant" end -- `oblique_slots` will be later changed to "all" if the lemma ends in a consonant. if pattern == "##" or pattern == "##ě" then oblique_slots = "all-oblique" else oblique_slots = "gen_p" end end end table.insert(stem_sets, { reducible = reducible, vowelalt = vowelalt, oblique_slots = oblique_slots, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(comma_separated_group) }) end base.stem_sets = stem_sets elseif #dot_separated_group > 1 then error("Footnotes only allowed with slot overrides, reducible or vowel alternation specs or by themselves: '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") elseif part == "m" or part == "f" or part == "n" then if base.gender then error("Can't specify gender twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.gender = part elseif part == "sg" or part == "pl" then if base.number then error("Can't specify number twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.number = part elseif part == "an" or part == "inan" then if base.animacy then error("Can't specify animacy twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.animacy = part elseif part == "hard" or part == "soft" or part == "mixed" or part == "surname" or part == "istem" or part == "-istem" or part == "tstem" or part == "nstem" or part == "tech" or part == "foreign" or part == "mostlyindecl" or part == "indecl" or part == "pron" or part == "det" or part == "num" then if base[part] then error("Can't specify '" .. part .. "' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base[part] = true -- Allow 'hard' to signal that -y is allowed after -c, as in hard masculine nouns such as [[hec]] -- "joke", and also feminines in -ca where the c is pronounced as /k/, e.g. [[ayahuasca]], [[pororoca]], -- [[Petrarca]], [[Mallorca]], [[Casablanca]]. (Contrast [[mangalica]], [[Kusturica]], [[Bjelica]], -- where the c is pronounced as /ts/ and -y is disallowed.) if part == "hard" then base.hard_c = true end elseif part == "+" then if base.adj then error("Can't specify '+' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.adj = true elseif part == "!" then if base.manual then error("Can't specify '!' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.manual = true elseif rfind(part, "^mixedistem:") then if base.mixedistem then error("Can't specify 'mixedistem:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.mixedistem = rsub(part, "^mixedistem:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^decllemma:") then if base.decllemma then error("Can't specify 'decllemma:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.decllemma = rsub(part, "^decllemma:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^declgender:") then if base.declgender then error("Can't specify 'declgender:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.declgender = rsub(part, "^declgender:", "") else error("Unrecognized indicator '" .. part .. "': '" .. inside .. "'") end end end return base end local function is_regular_noun(base) return not base.adj and not base.pron and not base.det and not base.num end local function set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) -- Set default values. local regular_noun = is_regular_noun(base) if base.pron then set_pron_defaults(base) elseif base.det then set_det_defaults(base) elseif base.num then set_num_defaults(base) elseif not base.adj then if not base.gender then if base.manual then base.gender = "none" else error("For nouns, gender must be specified") end end base.number = base.number or "both" base.animacy = base.animacy or "inan" base.user_specified_gender = base.gender base.user_specified_animacy = base.animacy if base.declgender then if base.declgender == "m-an" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "an" elseif base.declgender == "m-in" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "inan" elseif base.declgender == "f" or base.declgender == "n" then base.gender = base.declgender else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'declgender', should be 'm-an', 'm-in', 'f' or 'n'"):format(base.declgender)) end end end -- Check for bad indicator combinations. if (base.hard and 1 or 0) + (base.soft and 1 or 0) + (base.mixed and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("At most one of 'hard', 'soft' and 'mixed' can be specified") end if base.istem and base["-istem"] then error("'istem' and '-istem' cannot be specified together") end if (base.istem or base["-istem"]) then if base.gender ~= "f" then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with the feminine gender") end if not regular_noun then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end if base.declgender and not regular_noun then error("'declgender' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end local function set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) local is_multiword = #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1 iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) base.multiword = is_multiword -- FIXME: not currently used; consider deleting alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic = alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic or base.has_clitic if base.pron then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron = true end if base.det then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det = true end if base.num then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num = true end end) end local function undo_second_palatalization(base, word, is_adjective) local function try(from, to) local stem = rmatch(word, "^(.*)" .. from .. "$") if stem then return stem .. to end return nil end return is_adjective and try("št", "sk") or is_adjective and try("čt", "ck") or try("c", "k") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and c correct try("ř", "r") or try("z", "h") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and z or g correct try("š", "ch") or word end -- For a plural-only lemma, synthesize a likely singular lemma. It doesn't have to be -- theoretically correct as long as it generates all the correct plural forms. local function synthesize_singular_lemma(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end local lemma_determined -- Loop over all stem sets in case the user specified multiple ones (e.g. '*,-*'). If we try to reconstruct -- different lemmas for different stem sets, we'll throw an error below. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local stem, lemma while true do if base.indecl then -- If specified as indeclinable, leave it alone; e.g. 'pesos' indeclinable plural of [[peso]]. lemma = base.lemma break elseif base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then if base.soft then -- [[Blíženci]] "Gemini" -- Since the nominative singular has no ending. lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) else lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem) end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ové$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then -- [[manželé]] "married couple", [[Velšané]] "Welsh people" lemma = stem else error(("Animate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -i, -ové or -é"):format(base.lemma)) end end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then -- [[droby]] "giblets"; [[tvarůžky]] "Olomouc cheese"; [[alimenty]] "alimony"; etc. lemma = stem else local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then -- [[peníze]] "money", [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" (mixed declension), [[údaje]] "data", -- [[Lazce]] (a village), [[lováče]] "money", [[Krkonoše]] "Giant Mountains", [[kříže]] "clubs" lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) if not base.mixed then base.soft = true end else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -e or -ě"):format(base.lemma)) end end end if stems.reducible == nil then if rfind(lemma, com.cons_c .. "[ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) then stems.reducible = true end if stems.reducible then lemma = dereduce(lemma) end end break elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "a" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eě]$") if stem then -- Singular like the plural. Cons-stem feminines like [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" have identical -- plurals to soft-stem feminines like [[růže]] (modulo e/ě differences), so we don't need to -- reconstruct the former type. lemma = base.lemma break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then -- i-stems. lemma = stem base.istem = true break end error(("Feminine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -ě, -e or -i"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "n" then -- -ata nouns like [[slůně]] "baby elephant" nom pl 'slůňata' are declined in the plural same as if -- the singular were 'slůňato' so we don't have to worry about them. stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "o" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eěí]$") if stem then -- singular lemma also in -e, -ě or -í; e.g. [[věčná loviště]] "[[happy hunting ground]]" lemma = base.lemma break end error(("Neuter plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -a, -í, -ě or -e"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '%s'"):format(base.gender)) end end if lemma_determined and lemma_determined ~= lemma then error(("Attempt to set two different singular lemmas '%s' and '%s'"):format(lemma_determined, lemma)) end lemma_determined = lemma end base.lemma = lemma_determined end -- For an adjectival lemma, synthesize the masc singular form. local function synthesize_adj_lemma(base) local stem if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" stem = base.lemma else local gender, number local function sub_ov(stem) stem = stem:gsub("ov$", "ův") return stem end while true do if base.number == "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then if base.soft then -- nothing to do else if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -í can only be animate unless '.soft' is specified"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem, "is adjective") .. "ý" end break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -é must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)i$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)i$") if stem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -i must be animate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -y must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Animate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í, -ovi or -ini"): format(base.lemma)) elseif base.soft then error(("Soft masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -ovy or -iny"): format(base.lemma)) end elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovy or -iny"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) end else if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ýí]$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ův$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)in$") if stem then break end error(("Masculine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -ý, -í, -ův or -in"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)o$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)o$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovo or -ino"):format(base.lemma)) end end end base.decl = "adj" end -- Now set the stem sets if not given. -- Now set the stem sets if not given. if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false}} end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do -- Set the stems. stems.vowel_stem = stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stem end end -- Determine the declension based on the lemma, gender and number. The declension is set in base.decl. In the process, -- we set either base.vowel_stem (if the lemma ends in a vowel) or base.nonvowel_stem (if the lemma does not end in a -- vowel), which is used by determine_stems(). In some cases (specifically with certain foreign nouns), we set -- base.lemma to a new value; this is as if the user specified 'decllemma:'. local function determine_declension(base) if base.mostlyindecl then base.decl = "mostly-indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end -- Determine declension stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("Masculine lemma in -a must be animate") end base.decl = "a-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.hard then -- e.g. [[doňa]], which seems not to have soft alternates as [[piraňa]] does (despite IJP; but see the note at the -- bottom) base.decl = "hard-f" elseif rfind(stem, "e$") then -- [[idea]], [[diarea]] (subtype '.tech'), [[Korea]], etc. base.decl = "ea-f" elseif rfind(stem, "i$") then -- [[signoria]], [[sinfonia]], [[paranoia]], etc. base.decl = "ia-f" elseif rfind(stem, "[ou]$") then -- [[stoa]], [[kongrua]], [[Samoa]], [[Nikaragua]], etc. base.decl = "oa-f" elseif rfind(stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[ňj]$") then -- [[maracuja]], [[papája]], [[sója]]; [[piraňa]] etc. Not [[Táňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]], which decline -- like [[gejša]], [[skica]], etc. (subtype of hard feminines). base.decl = "mixed-f" else base.decl = "hard-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if rfind(stem, "m$") then base.decl = "ma-n" else error("Lemma ending in -a and neuter must end in -ma") end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then if ending == "ě" then stem = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem) end if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[software]] and similar English-derived nouns with silent -e; set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem base.nonvowel_stem = stem base.decl = "hard-m" return end if base.tstem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("T-stem masculine lemma in -e must be animate") end base.decl = "tstem-m" elseif rfind(stem, "i") then -- [[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]], [[rowdie]] base.decl = "ie-m" else base.decl = "e-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then base.decl = "soft-f" else if base.tstem then base.decl = "tstem-n" else base.decl = "soft-n" end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)o$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[maestro]] m. base.decl = "o-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- [[zoo]]; [[Žemaitsko]]? error("Feminine nouns in -o are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") elseif base.nstem then base.decl = "n-n" elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[aeiuy]$") then -- These have gen pl in -í and often other soft plural endings. base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[iy])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.soft then -- [[gay]] "gay man", [[gray]] "gray (scientific unit)", [[Nagy]] (surname) base.decl = "soft-m" else -- Cf. [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)", [[husky]] "kusky", etc. base.decl = "i-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.soft then -- [[Uruguay]], [[Paraguay]] base.decl = "soft-f" else -- [[máti]], [[pramáti]]; note also indeclinable [[tsunami]]/[[cunami]], [[okapi]] base.decl = "i-f" if stem:find("i$") then stem = stem:gsub("i$", "") else error("Feminine nouns in -y are either soft or indeclinable; use '.soft' or '.indecl' as needed") end end else error("Neuter nouns in -i are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*u)$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[emu]], [[guru]], etc. base.decl = "u-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- Only one I know is [[budižkničemu]], which is indeclinable in the singular and declines in the plural as -- if written 'budižkničema'. error("Feminine nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") else error("Neuter nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[íý])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then base.decl = "í-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- FIXME: Do any exist? If not, update this message. error("Support for non-adjectival non-indeclinable feminine nouns in -í/-ý not yet implemented") else base.decl = "í-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[komunismus]] "communism", [[kosmos]] "cosmos", [[hádes]] "Hades" stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ueo]s$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized masculine foreign ending, should be -us, -es or -os") end if not base.hard and (rfind(stem, "[ei]$") and base.animacy == "an" or rfind(stem, "i$") and base.animacy == "inan") then -- [[genius]], [[basileus]], [[rádius]]; not [[nukleus]], [[choreus]] (inanimate); not -- [[skarabeus]] (animate), which should specify 'hard' base.decl = "semisoft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-m" elseif base.soft then base.decl = "soft-m" elseif base.mixed then base.decl = "mixed-m" elseif rfind(base.lemma, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$") or rfind(base.lemma, "tel$") then base.decl = "soft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.mixedistem then base.decl = "mixed-istem-f" elseif base.istem then base.decl = "istem-f" elseif base["-istem"] then base.decl = "cons-f" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "st$") then -- Numerous abstracts in -ost; also [[kost]], [[část]], [[srst]], [[bolest]] base.decl = "istem-f" else base.decl = "cons-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if base.foreign then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)um$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)on$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized neuter foreign ending, should be -um or -on") end if base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[ei]$") then base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem .. "o" base.vowel_stem = stem return else error("Neuter nouns ending in a consonant should use '.foreign' or '.decllemma:...'") end end base.nonvowel_stem = stem return end error("Unrecognized ending for lemma: '" .. base.lemma .. "'") end -- Determine the default value for the 'reducible' flag. local function determine_default_reducible(base) -- Nouns in vowels other than -a/o as well as masculine nouns ending in all vowels don't have null endings so not -- reducible. Note, we are never called on adjectival nouns. if rfind(base.lemma, "[iyuíeě]$") or base.gender == "m" and rfind(base.lemma, "[ao]$") or base.tstem then base.default_reducible = false return end local stem stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then -- When analyzing existing manual declensions in -ec and -ek, 290 were reducible vs. 23 non-reducible. Of these -- 23, 15 were monosyllabic (and none of the 290 reducible nouns were monosyllabic) -- and two of these were -- actually reducible but irregularly: [[švec]] "shoemaker" (gen sg 'ševce') and [[žnec]] "reaper (person)" -- (gen sg. 'žence'). Of the remaining 8 multisyllabic non-reducible words, two were actually reducible but -- irregularly: [[stařec]] "old man" (gen sg 'starce') and [[tkadlec]] "weaver" (gen sg 'tkalce'). The remaining -- six consisted of 5 compounds of monosyllabic words: [[dotek]], [[oblek]], [[kramflek]], [[pucflek]], -- [[pokec]], plus [[česnek]], which should be reducible but would lead to an impossible consonant cluster. if base.gender == "m" and rfind(stem, "[eě][ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(stem) then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.gender == "f" and rfind(stem, "[eě]ň$") then -- [[pochodeň]] "torch", [[píseň]] "leather", [[žeň]] "harvest"; not [[reveň]] "rhubarb" or [[dřeň]] "pulp", -- which need an override. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end return end if base.number == "sg" then base.default_reducible = false return end if rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") then -- e.g. [[středisko]] base.default_reducible = "mixed" return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") if not stem then error(("Internal error: Something wrong, lemma '%s' doesn't end in consonant or vowel"):format(base.lemma)) end -- Substitute 'ch' with a single character to make the following code simpler. stem = stem:gsub("ch", com.TEMP_CH) if rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[lr]" .. com.cons_c .. "$") then -- [[vrba]], [[vlha]]; not reducible. (But note [[jablko]], reducible; needs override.) base.default_reducible = false elseif not base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[bkhlrmnv]$") then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") then -- Foreign nouns in -CCum seem generally non-reducible in the gen pl except for those in -Crum like [[centrum]], -- Examples: [[album]], [[verbum]], [[signum]], [[interregnum]], [[sternum]]. [[infernum]] has gen pl 'infern/inferen'. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end end -- Determine the stems to use for each stem set: vowel and nonvowel stems, for singular -- and plural. We assume that one of base.vowel_stem or base.nonvowel_stem has been -- set in determine_declension(), depending on whether the lemma ends in -- a vowel. We construct all the rest given the reducibility, vowel alternation spec and -- any explicit stems given. We store the determined stems inside of the stem-set objects -- in `base.stem_sets`, meaning that if the user gave multiple reducible or vowel-alternation -- patterns, we will compute multiple sets of stems. The reason is that the stems may vary -- depending on the reducibility and vowel alternation. local function determine_stems(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end -- Set default reducible and check for default mixed reducible, which needs to be expanded into two entries. local default_mixed_reducible = false for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == nil then stems.reducible = base.default_reducible end if stems.reducible == "mixed" then default_mixed_reducible = true end end if default_mixed_reducible then local new_stem_sets = {} for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == "mixed" then local non_reducible_copy = m_table.shallowcopy(stems) non_reducible_copy.reducible = false stems.reducible = true table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) table.insert(new_stem_sets, non_reducible_copy) else table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) end end base.stem_sets = new_stem_sets end -- Now determine all the stems for each stem set. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local lemma_is_vowel_stem = not not base.vowel_stem if base.vowel_stem then stems.vowel_stem = base.vowel_stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stems.vowel_stem -- Apply vowel alternation first in cases like jádro -> jader; apply_vowel_alternation() will throw an error -- if the vowel being modified isn't the last vowel in the stem. stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.nonvowel_stem) stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem) end else stems.nonvowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem -- The user specified #, #ě, ## or ##ě and we're dealing with a term like masculine [[bůh]] or feminine -- [[sůl]] that ends in a consonant. In this case, all slots except the nom_s and maybe acc_s have vowel -- alternation. if stems.oblique_slots then stems.oblique_slots = "all" end stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.vowel_stem = com.reduce(base.nonvowel_stem) if not stems.vowel_stem then error("Unable to reduce stem '" .. base.nonvowel_stem .. "'") end else stems.vowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem end end stems.oblique_vowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.vowel_stem) end end local function detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.pron then determine_pronoun_stems(base) elseif base.det then determine_determiner_stems(base) elseif base.num then determine_numeral_stems(base) elseif base.adj then synthesize_adj_lemma(base) elseif base.manual then if base.stem_sets then -- FIXME, maybe this should be allowed? error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with manual declensions") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "manual" else if base.number == "pl" then synthesize_singular_lemma(base) end determine_declension(base) determine_default_reducible(base) determine_stems(base) end end local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) -- Keep track of all genders seen in the singular and plural so we can determine whether to add the term to -- [[:Category:Czech nouns that change gender in the plural]]. alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders = {} alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders = {} iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.number ~= "pl" then alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders[base.user_specified_gender] = true end if base.number ~= "sg" then -- All t-stem masculines are neuter in the plural. local plgender if base.decl == "tstem-m" then plgender = "n" else plgender = base.user_specified_gender end alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders[plgender] = true end end) if (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("Can't combine pronouns, determiners and/or numerals") end end local propagate_multiword_properties local function propagate_alternant_properties(alternant_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do propagate_multiword_properties(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) if seen_property == nil then seen_property = multiword_spec[property] elseif multiword_spec[property] and seen_property ~= multiword_spec[property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end alternant_spec[property] = seen_property end propagate_multiword_properties = function(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property = nil local last_seen_nounal_pos = 0 local word_specs = multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs for i = 1, #word_specs do local is_nounal if word_specs[i].alternants then propagate_alternant_properties(word_specs[i], property, mixed_value) is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] elseif nouns_only then is_nounal = is_regular_noun(word_specs[i]) else is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] end if is_nounal then if not word_specs[i][property] then error("Internal error: noun-type word spec without " .. property .. " set") end for j = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, i - 1 do word_specs[j][property] = word_specs[j][property] or word_specs[i][property] end last_seen_nounal_pos = i if seen_property == nil then seen_property = word_specs[i][property] elseif seen_property ~= word_specs[i][property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end end if last_seen_nounal_pos > 0 then for i = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, #word_specs do word_specs[i][property] = word_specs[i][property] or word_specs[last_seen_nounal_pos][property] end end multiword_spec[property] = seen_property end local function propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) local function set_and_fetch(obj, default) local retval if obj[property] then retval = obj[property] else obj[property] = default retval = default end if not obj["user_specified_" .. property] then obj["user_specified_" .. property] = retval end return retval end local propval1 = set_and_fetch(alternant_multiword_spec, default_propval) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do local propval2 = set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval1) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do local propval3 = set_and_fetch(multiword_spec, propval2) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do local propval4 = set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval3) if propval4 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval4) end end else if propval2 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval2) end end end --[=[ Propagate `property` (one of "animacy", "gender" or "number") from nouns to adjacent adjectives. We proceed as follows: 1. We assume the properties in question are already set on all nouns. This should happen in set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(). 2. We first propagate properties upwards and sideways. We recurse downwards from the top. When we encounter a multiword spec, we proceed left to right looking for a noun. When we find a noun, we fetch its property (recursing if the noun is an alternant), and propagate it to any adjectives to its left, up to the next noun to the left. When we have processed the last noun, we also propagate its property value to any adjectives to the right (to handle e.g. [[anděl strážný]] "guardian angel", where the adjective [[strážný]] should inherit the 'masculine' and 'animate' properties of [[anděl]]). Finally, we set the property value for the multiword spec itself by combining all the non-nil properties of the individual elements. If all non-nil properties have the same value, the result is that value, otherwise it is `mixed_value` (which is "mixed" for animacy and gender, but "both" for number). 3. When we encounter an alternant spec in this process, we recursively process each alternant (which is a multiword spec) using the previous step, and combine any non-nil properties we encounter the same way as for multiword specs. 4. The effect of steps 2 and 3 is to set the property of each alternant and multiword spec based on its children or its neighbors. ]=] local function propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval, mixed_value) propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, "nouns only") propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, false) propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) end local function determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) for i, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then local is_noun = false for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for j, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do if is_regular_noun(word_spec) then multiword_spec.first_noun = j is_noun = true break end end end if is_noun then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i end elseif is_regular_noun(alternant_or_word_spec) then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i return end end end -- Set the part of speech based on properties of the individual words. local function set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) if alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "pronoun" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "determiner" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "numeral" else alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "名詞" end alternant_multiword_spec.plpos = require("モジュール:string utilities").pluralize(alternant_multiword_spec.pos) end local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end base.orig_lemma = base.lemma base.orig_lemma_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma) local lemma = base.orig_lemma_no_links -- If the lemma is all-uppercase, lowercase it but note this, so that later in combine_stem_ending() we convert it -- back to uppercase. This allows us to handle all-uppercase acronyms without a lot of extra complexity. -- FIXME: This may not make sense at all. if uupper(lemma) == lemma then base.all_uppercase = true lemma = ulower(lemma) end base.user_specified_lemma = lemma base.lemma = base.decllemma or lemma end) end local function decline_noun(base) for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if not decls[base.decl] then error("Internal error: Unrecognized declension type '" .. base.decl .. "'") end decls[base.decl](base, stems) end handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) end local function get_variants(form) return nil --[=[ FIXME return form:find(com.VAR1) and "var1" or form:find(com.VAR2) and "var2" or form:find(com.VAR3) and "var3" or nil ]=] end -- Compute the categories to add the noun to, as well as the annotation to display in the -- declension title bar. We combine the code to do these functions as both categories and -- title bar contain similar information. local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) local all_cats = {} local function insert(cattype) m_table.insertIfNot(all_cats, "チェコ語 " .. cattype) end if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "noun" then if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then insert("不可算名詞") elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then insert("pluralia tantum") end end local annotation local annparts = {} local decldescs = {} local vowelalts = {} local foreign = {} local irregs = {} local stemspecs = {} local reducible = nil local function get_genanim(gender, animacy) local gender_code_to_desc = { m = "男性名詞", f = "女性名詞", n = "中性名詞", none = nil, } local animacy_code_to_desc = { an = "有生", inan = "非有生", none = nil, } local descs = {} table.insert(descs, gender_code_to_desc[gender]) if gender ~= "f" and gender ~= "n" then -- masculine or "none" (e.g. certain pronouns and numerals) table.insert(descs, animacy_code_to_desc[animacy]) end return table.concat(descs, " ") end local function trim(text) text = text:gsub(" +", " ") return mw.text.trim(text) end local function do_word_spec(base) local actual_genanim = get_genanim(base.user_specified_gender, base.user_specified_animacy) local declined_genanim = get_genanim(base.gender, base.animacy) local genanim if actual_genanim ~= declined_genanim then genanim = ("%s (declined as %s)"):format(actual_genanim, declined_genanim) insert("nouns with actual gender different from declined gender") else genanim = actual_genanim end if base.user_specified_gender == "m" then -- Insert a category for 'Czech masculine animate nouns' or 'Czech masculine inanimate nouns'; the base categories -- [[:Category:Czech masculine nouns]], [[:Czech animate nouns]] are auto-inserted. insert(actual_genanim .. " ") end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local props = declprops[base.decl] local cats = props.cat if type(cats) == "function" then cats = cats(base, stems) end if type(cats) == "string" then cats = {cats} end local default_desc for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do if not cat:find("GENDER") and not cat:find("GENPOS") and not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " GENPOS" end cat = cat:gsub("GENPOS", "GENDER POS") if not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " POS" end if i == #cats then default_desc = cat:gsub(" POS", "") end cat = cat:gsub("GENDER", actual_genanim) cat = cat:gsub("POS", "") -- Need to trim `cat` because actual_genanim may be an empty string. insert(trim(cat)) end local desc = props.desc if type(desc) == "function" then desc = desc(base, stems) end desc = desc or default_desc desc = desc:gsub("GENDER", genanim) -- Need to trim `desc` because genanim may be an empty string. m_table.insertIfNot(decldescs, trim(desc)) local vowelalt if stems.vowelalt == "quant" then vowelalt = "quant-alt" insert("nouns with quantitative vowel alternation") elseif stems.vowelalt == "quant-ě" then vowelalt = "í-ě-alt" insert("nouns with í-ě alternation") end if vowelalt then m_table.insertIfNot(vowelalts, vowelalt) end if reducible == nil then reducible = stems.reducible elseif reducible ~= stems.reducible then reducible = "mixed" end if stems.reducible then insert("名詞 弱化語幹") end if base.foreign then m_table.insertIfNot(foreign, "外来語活用") if not base.decllemma then -- NOTE: there are nouns that use both 'foreign' and 'decllemma', e.g. [[Zeus]]. insert("名詞 規則外来語活用") end end -- User-specified 'decllemma:' indicates irregular stem. Don't consider foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es, -um/-on or -- silent -e (e.g. [[software]]) where this ending is simply dropped in oblique and plural forms as irregular; -- there are too many of these and they are already categorized above as 'nouns with regular foreign declension'. if base.decllemma then m_table.insertIfNot(irregs, "irreg-stem") insert("nouns with irregular stem") end m_table.insertIfNot(stemspecs, stems.vowel_stem) end end local key_entry = alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs >= key_entry then local alternant_or_word_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs[key_entry] if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do key_entry = multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #multiword_spec.word_specs >= key_entry then do_word_spec(multiword_spec.word_specs[key_entry]) end end else do_word_spec(alternant_or_word_spec) end end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" or alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then -- not "both" or "none" (for [[sebe]]) table.insert(annparts, alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" and "単数形のみ" or "複数形のみ") end if #decldescs == 0 then table.insert(annparts, "indecl") else table.insert(annparts, table.concat(decldescs, " // ")) end if #vowelalts > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(vowelalts, "/")) end if reducible == "mixed" then table.insert(annparts, "mixed-reducible") elseif reducible then table.insert(annparts, "弱化") end if #foreign > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(foreign, " // ")) end if #irregs > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(irregs, " // ")) end alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(annparts, " ") if #stemspecs > 1 then insert("nouns with multiple stems") end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and not m_table.deepEquals(alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders, alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders) then insert("nouns that change gender in the plural") end alternant_multiword_spec.categories = all_cats end local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) local lemmas = {} for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do if alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] then for _, formobj in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot]) do -- FIXME, now can support footnotes as qualifiers in headwords? table.insert(lemmas, formobj.form) end break end end local props = { lemmas = lemmas, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, lang = lang, canonicalize = function(form) -- return com.remove_variant_codes(form) return form end, } iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props) end local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms local function template_prelude(min_width) return rsub([=[ <div> <div class="NavFrame" style="display: inline-block; min-width: MINWIDTHem"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">{title}{annotation}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {\op}| style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;min-width:MINWIDTHem" class="inflection-table" |- ]=], "MINWIDTH", min_width) end local function template_postlude() return [=[ |{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div></div>]=] end local table_spec_both = template_prelude("45") .. [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 単数 ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 複数 |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_s} | {nom_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_s} | {gen_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_s} | {dat_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_s} | {acc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_s} | {voc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_s} | {loc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_s} | {ins_p} ]=] .. template_postlude() local function get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number = [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("30") .. table_spec_one_number:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local function get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number_clitic = [=[ ! rowspan=2 style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff"| ! colspan=2 style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | 強勢あり ! style="background:#d9ebff" | clitic |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | colspan=2 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} | {clitic_gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} | {clitic_dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} | {clitic_acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | colspan=2 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | colspan=2 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | colspan=2 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("40") .. table_spec_one_number_clitic:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local notes_template = [=[ <div style="width:100%;text-align:left;background:#d9ebff"> <div style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em"> {footnote} </div></div> ]=] if alternant_multiword_spec.title then forms.title = alternant_multiword_spec.title else forms.title = '<i lang="cs">' .. forms.lemma .. 'の格変化</i>' end local annotation = alternant_multiword_spec.annotation if annotation == "" then forms.annotation = "" else forms.annotation = " (<span style=\"font-size: smaller;\">" .. annotation .. "</span>)" end local number, numcode if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then number, numcode = "singular", "s" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number, numcode = "plural", "p" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "none" then -- used for [[sebe]] number, numcode = "", "s" end local table_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and table_spec_both or alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic and get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) or get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or "" return m_string_utilities.format(table_spec, forms) end local function compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) local genders = {} local number if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number = "-p" else number = "" end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) local animacy = base.animacy if animacy == "inan" then animacy = "in" end m_table.insertIfNot(genders, base.gender .. "-" .. animacy .. number) end) return genders end -- Externally callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments. -- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the declined forms are in -- `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the -- slot key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects -- {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.do_generate_forms(parent_args, from_headword) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "bůh<m.an.#.voce>"}, title = {}, pagename = {}, json = {type = "boolean"}, pos = {}, } if from_headword then params["head"] = {list = true} params["lemma"] = {list = true} params["g"] = {list = true} params["f"] = {list = true} params["m"] = {list = true} params["adj"] = {list = true} params["dim"] = {list = true} params["id"] = {} end local args = m_para.process(parent_args, params) local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = parse_indicator_spec, angle_brackets_omittable = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(args[1], parse_props) alternant_multiword_spec.title = args.title alternant_multiword_spec.args = args local pagename = args.pagename or from_headword and args.head[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) -- These need to happen before detect_all_indicator_specs() so that adjectives get their genders and numbers set -- appropriately, which are needed to correctly synthesize the adjective lemma. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "animacy", "inan", "mixed") propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "number", "both", "both") -- FIXME, the default value (third param) used to be 'm' with a comment indicating that this applied only to -- plural adjectives, where it didn't matter; but in Czech, plural adjectives are distinguished for gender and -- animacy. Make sure 'mixed' works. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "gender", "mixed", "mixed") detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots = get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) local inflect_props = { skip_slot = function(slot) return skip_slot(alternant_multiword_spec.number, slot) end, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, get_variants = get_variants, inflect_word_spec = decline_noun, } iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props) compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.genders = compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) if args.json then alternant_multiword_spec.args = nil return require("モジュール:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec) end return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Entry point for {{cs-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given -- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local alternant_multiword_spec = export.do_generate_forms(parent_args) if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then -- JSON return value return alternant_multiword_spec end show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) .. require("モジュール:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat) end return export 1ozhy8aiiee8mc917x1ypon2g9xzux3 0 407322 2279885 1955683 2026-06-06T14:22:32Z 鍼灸 112313 2279885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かさなる}} =={{ja}}== ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|かさなる}} #{{wagokanji of|かさなる}} hmhrhrfeqv67uz3wqix8ac67yv6vrx7 0 410720 2280054 1784845 2026-06-07T01:20:47Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|disparāte|dispárate}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disparato}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiprst|derapasti|disperata}} ---- =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}<ref>「[https://www.etymonline.com/word/disparate#etymonline_v_11467 ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY]」</ref>=== * 1600年頃初出。 * {{der|en|la|disparatus}} ("disparare"の過去分詞) < ''[[disparare]]'' (分割する、分離する) < ''[[dis-]]'' (離れて) + ''[[parare]]'' (準備する; < {{etyl|ine|en}} ''[[*pere-]]'' (入手する、製造する) ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|US}} ** {{IPA|lang=en|ˈdɪs.pɚ.ət|dɪsˈpæɹ.ət|dɪsˈpeɹ.ət}} ** {{X-SAMPA|lang=en|"dIs.p@`.@t|dIs"p{r\.@t}} ** {{Jones|díspərət|dispǽrət}} * {{a|UK}} ** {{IPA|lang=en|ˈdɪs.pəɹ.ət}} ** {{X-SAMPA|"dIs.p@r\.@t}} ** {{Jones|díspərət}} * {{IPA|ˈdɪs.p(ə)ɹˌeɪt}} * {{音声|en|en-us-disparate-2.ogg|音声 (米)}} * {{hyphenation|lang=en|dis|par|ate}} ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj}} {{context|restrictive only|formal|lang=en}} # （本質的に）大きく[[ことなる|異なる]]、[[あいいれる|相容れ]]ない、[[共通]]しない。 #* (前略) ''[[protest]] [[racism]] [[in]] [[the]] [[U.S.]] [[and]] [[what]] [[they]] [[see]] [[as]] [[law]] [[enforcement]] [[agency|agencies]]' [[disparate]] [[treatment]] [[of]] [[minority|minorities]] [[compared]] [[to]] [[that]] of [[white|whites]].'' ("[https://www.voanews.com/a/poll-us-voters-split-donald-trump-economy/4066343.html Poll: US Voters Split on Trump's Handling of Economy]". VOA News. 2023年6月22日閲覧) #*: アメリカでの人種差別や、白人の扱いと比較して法執行機関のマイノリティーへの扱いが大きく異なることに抗議する。 # （大きく異なるために）[[比較]]できない、[[連携]]できない。 #* ''[[the|The]] [[British]] [[defense]] [[ministry]] [[said]] [[Russia]] [[has]] [[had]] [[to]] [[redeploy]] “[[depleted]] [[and]] [[disparate]] [[unit|units]] [[from]] [[failed]] [[advance|advances]] [[in]] [[northeast]] [[Ukraine]].”'' ("[https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-strikes-targets-in-odesa-donbas-and-donetsk-/6552002.html Russia Strikes Targets in Odesa, Donbas and Donetsk]". VOA News. 2023年6月22日閲覧) #*: イギリス国防省によれば、「ロシアは、ウクライナ北西部への進軍の失敗により、『消耗し連携が失われた部隊』を再編成せねばならない」のだという。 ===={{drv}}==== * [[disparately]] * [[disparateness]] ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} # {{context|in the plural|somewhat||dated|lang=en}} 本質的に[[ことなる|異なる]]もの。 # [[多様]]な人々。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|aspirated}} ===脚注=== <references/> ---- =={{L|es}}== {{wikipedia|disparate|lang=es}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=es|dispaˈɾate}} [d̪is.paˈɾa.t̪e] * {{rhymes|ate|lang=es}} * {{hyphenation|lang=es|dis|pa|ra|te}} ==={{etym}}1=== * ''[[disparatar]]'' の名詞形。 ===={{noun}}==== {{es-noun|m}} # [[おろか|愚か]]な発言、行動。 #* (前略) ''[[y|Y]] [[no]] [[me]] [[amaño]] [[a]] [[dejarle]], [[por]] [[más]] '''disparates''' [[que]] [[haga]].'' ({{w|ミゲル・デ・セルバンテス}} 『ドン・キホーテ』) #*: また彼がどれほど多くの間違いを犯しても、私は彼を放っておけない。 #* (前略) ''[[y|Y]] [[todo]] [[ese]] '''disparate''' [[sobre]] [[la]] [[supuesta]] [[infinitud]] [[de]] [[las]] [[personas]]; [[cuanto]] [[más]] [[sabes]] más [[quieres]] [[saber]], más [[sabes]] que [[no]] sabes, [[etc.]]; [[es]] [[una]] [[estupidez]].'' ({{w|Alberto Lema|lang=en}} "Sidecar". Caballo de Troya (Random House). 2010年) # [[多量]]、[[大量]]。 # [[くるう|狂っ]]た発想。 # （値段などが）[[法外]]なこと、[[なみはずれる|並外れ]]ていること。 ====={{syn}}===== * (語義1) [[dislate]] ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|es|verb form}} # [[disparar]]の[[命令法]]非公式第[[二人称]][[単数形]]。 ==={{etym}}3=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|es|verb form}} # [[disparatar]]の[[接続法]][[現在]]第[[一人称]][[単数形]]。 # disparatarの接続法現在公式第[[二人称]]単数形。 # disparatarの接続法現在第[[三人称]]単数形。 # disparatarの命令法公式第二人称単数形。 # disparatarの[[命令法]]第三人称単数形。 ---- =={{L|de}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|de|De-disparate.ogg|音声}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|de|adjective form}} # [[disparat]]の女性[[単数]][[主格]]又は[[対格]]の[[強変化]]又は[[混合変化]]形。 # disparatの[[複数]]主格又は対格の強変化形。 # disparatの全ての性における単数主格の[[弱変化]]形。 # disparatの女性又は[[中性]]単数対格の弱変化形。 ---- =={{L|fr}}== {{wikipedia|Bombyx disparate|lang=fr}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|fr|la|disparatus|dispāratus}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{fr-IPA}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-VictorDtmtc-disparate.wav|音声 (ナンシー)}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-disparate.wav|音声 (バレー)}} ==={{adj}}=== {{fr-adj-mf}} #大きく[[ことなる|異なる]]、[[つじつま|辻褄]]が合わない。 #(周りと) [[調和]]していない。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[de bric et de broc]] *[[discordant]] *[[hétéroclite]] *[[hétérogène]] ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|mf}} #{{おくりがな|悪|い|わるい}}[[影響]]。 ---- =={{L|pt}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} ==={{etym}}1=== * ''[[disparatar]]'' の名詞形。 * {{bor|pt|es|disparate|nocap=1}} ===={{noun}}==== {{pt-noun|m}} # [[おろか|愚か]]な発言、行動。 #* ''[[você|Você]] [[fala]] [[um]] '''disparate''', [[meu]] [[amigo]].'' #*: 愚かなことを言ってくれるな、友よ。 # [[多量]]、[[大量]]。 #* ''[[o|O]] [[povo]] [[recebia]] [[um]] '''disparate''' [[de]] [[turistas]] [[no]] [[verão]].'' #*: この町は夏には観光客で溢れ返っていた。 #*: (逐語訳:この町は夏に多くの観光客を迎え入れていた。) ====={{syn}}===== * (語義1) [[asneira]], [[dislate]] ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|pt|verb form}} # [[disparatar]]の[[接続法]]現在第[[一人称]][[単数形]]。 # disparatarの接続法現在第[[三人称]]単数形。 # disparatarの[[命令法]]第三人称単数形。 ig3dd2200lkprpcmh11ytbux06f4bt0 14 416275 2280301 1797636 2026-06-07T11:29:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 Kuroco2k がページ「[[カテゴリ:Belarusian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns]]」を「[[カテゴリ:ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞 a型アクセント]]」に移動しました: 和訳 1797636 wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__ 2twjmejn56ditxo46hqinfh52nh6flb 2280311 2280301 2026-06-07T11:32:01Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catpath|[[:Category:言語|言語]] > [[:Category:{{be}}|{{be}}]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 名詞|{{be}} 名詞]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞|{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞]] > '''ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞 a型アクセント'''}} [[カテゴリ:{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞|a]] b2oudvvkecku29dexcgwwzt1s2fhyfz 14 416276 2280303 1797637 2026-06-07T11:29:58Z Kuroco2k 84207 Kuroco2k がページ「[[カテゴリ:Belarusian velar-stem feminine-form accent-d nouns]]」を「[[カテゴリ:ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞 d型アクセント]]」に移動しました: 和訳 1797637 wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__ 2twjmejn56ditxo46hqinfh52nh6flb 2280312 2280303 2026-06-07T11:32:01Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catpath|[[:Category:言語|言語]] > [[:Category:{{be}}|{{be}}]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 名詞|{{be}} 名詞]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞|{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞]] > '''ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞 d型アクセント'''}} [[カテゴリ:{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞|d]] ijdn0dlnkhegfr3cheg2n9xo00z1h1b 14 416277 2280299 1797638 2026-06-07T11:29:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 Kuroco2k がページ「[[カテゴリ:Belarusian velar-stem feminine-form accent-f nouns]]」を「[[カテゴリ:ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞 f型アクセント]]」に移動しました: 和訳 1797638 wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__ 2twjmejn56ditxo46hqinfh52nh6flb 2280310 2280299 2026-06-07T11:32:01Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catpath|[[:Category:言語|言語]] > [[:Category:{{be}}|{{be}}]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 名詞|{{be}} 名詞]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞|{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞]] > '''ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞 f型アクセント'''}} [[カテゴリ:{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞|f]] a2v7s3cfrcma2nnznvutamiiywzv9dk 14 416278 2280296 1797639 2026-06-07T11:28:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 Kuroco2k がページ「[[カテゴリ:Belarusian velar-stem feminine-form nouns]]」を「[[カテゴリ:ベラルーシ語 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞]]」に移動しました: 和訳 1797639 wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__ 2twjmejn56ditxo46hqinfh52nh6flb 2280298 2280296 2026-06-07T11:28:59Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catpath|[[:Category:言語|言語]] > [[:Category:{{be}}|{{be}}]] > [[:Category:{{be}} 名詞|{{be}} 名詞]] > '''{{be}} 軟口蓋語幹 女性名詞'''}} [[カテゴリ:{{be}} 名詞|*なんこうかいこかんしよせい]] ea5a0lk7zrmy5lbaczv2m9qep42flnx 0 428851 2279961 1961364 2026-06-06T23:56:30Z 鍼灸 112313 2279961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|じょ|じつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょじつ]]}} #{{context|暦|lang=ja}}[[おおみそか|大晦日]]。 {{-}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|chúrì}} {{nan-pron|tû-ji̍t}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|chu2ri4|noun|暦}} {{zhchars}} #[[おおみそか|大晦日]]。 {{nan-cat|tu5jit8|noun|暦}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|제일|暦}} #[[おおみそか|大晦日]]。 nlk8pv2i0iv8akvymmr5zmmhfjh6vnl 2279962 2279961 2026-06-06T23:56:46Z 鍼灸 112313 2279962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|じょ|じつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょじつ]]}} #{{context|暦|lang=ja}}[[おおみそか|大晦日]]。 {{-}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|chúrì}} {{nan-pron|tû-ji̍t}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|chu2ri4|noun|暦}} {{zhchars}} #[[おおみそか|大晦日]]。 {{nan-cat|tu5jit8|noun|暦}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|제일|cat2=暦}} #[[おおみそか|大晦日]]。 p6bz350zzygjgo16mlb217lv0ff0fea 0 438219 2279884 2278989 2026-06-06T14:22:07Z M-30722 1202 2279884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|やぎゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[野弓]]・[[夜弓]]】夜にやる楊弓の会。 *【[[野球]]】ベースボール。 kkc40dydh2o6w724o94fz8wok9o89gj 0 440085 2280325 1964098 2026-06-07T11:49:19Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[怪しげ]]}} #[[あやしい|怪しい]][[様子]]である。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{adjectivenoun}}]] {{日本語ダ活用}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|ojp|あやし|-げ}} ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ojp-adjectival noun|怪しげ}} #[[不思議]]な様子の。[[不審]]な。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{古典日本語ナリ活用}} hax90tdp1u186nsjpchkq4wmxp99ayh 0 441120 2279817 2279716 2026-06-06T12:52:55Z うーむ 129171 2279817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|きゅうぞう|ぎゅうそう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[旧巣]]】：古巣。 *【[[灸瘡]]】：お灸のあと。 *【[[急送]]】：急いで送ること。 *【[[急躁]]】：せっかちで慌ただしいこと。 *【[[穹蒼]]】：弓のように見える青空。 *【[[給桑]]】：蚕に桑を与えること。 *【[[宮僧]]】：神宮寺を管理する僧。 *【[[璆鏘]]】：玉や金属がすれあう音。 kb40d47r7ajy5ngc74es28juy6z79yi 10 442321 2280155 2114056 2026-06-07T06:38:28Z M-30722 1202 引数1未入力時にエラーが出力されるようにした 2280155 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}|{{{1}}}]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{2}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{3}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{4}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{5}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{6}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{7}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{8}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{9}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{10|}}}|[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_{{zh-catdata|{{{10}}}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}<!-- 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|diệu|điệu=dieu6 |dim=dim1 |dìm=dim2 |dinh|đinh=dinh1 |đình=dinh2 |dính|đính=dinh3 |dỉnh|đỉnh=dinh4 |đĩnh=dinh5 |định=dinh6 |dịp=dip6 |đít=dit3 |địt=dit6 |diu=diu1 |dìu=diu2 |đỉu=diu4 |do|đo|đô=do1 |dò|đò|đồ=do2 |dó|đó|đố=do3 |dở|dổ|đỏ|đổ=do4 |đỗ|đỡ=do5 |độ=do6 |đóa|đoá=doa2 |đỏa=doa4 |dọa|doạ|đoạ=doa6 |đoái=doai3 |đoan=doan1 |đoàn=doan2 |đoán=doan3 |đoản=doan4 |doãn=doan5 |đoạn=doan6 |đoàng=doang2 |đoảng=doang4 |doanh=doanh1 |đoạt=doat6 |dốc|đốc=doc3 |dọc|độc=doc6 |doi|đôi=doi1 |đòi|đồi|dời|đời=doi2 |dối|đối|đới=doi3 |đổi=doi4 |đỗi=doi5 |đội=doi6 |đom|đơm=dom1 |đòm|dồm=dom2 |đóm=dom3 |don|đon|đôn|đơn=don1 |dòn|đòn|đồn|đờn=don2 |dón|đón|đốn|đớn=don3 |dọn|dợn|độn=don6 |dông|đông=dong1 |đòng|đồng=dong2 |đống=dong3 |đỏng|đổng=dong4 |dộng|động=dong6 |dớp=dop3 |dốt|đốt=dot3 |đột|dợt=dot6 |du|dư=du1 |đù=du2 |dú|đú=du3 |đủ|dử=du4 |dũ|dữ=du5 |dụ|dự=du6 |dưa=dua1 |dừa|đùa=dua2 |đứa=dua3 |đũa=dua5 |dựa=dua6 |duật=duat6 |dức|đúc|đức=duc3 |dục|dực|đục|đực=duc6 |duệ=due6 |đui=dui1 |dùi=dui2 |đun=dun1 |đùn=dun2 |dung|dưng|đưng=dung1 |dùng|dừng|đùng|đừng=dung2 |đúng|đứng=dung3 |dửng|đửng=dung4 |dũng|đững=dung5 |dụng|dựng|đựng=dung6 |đuốc=duoc3 |dược‎|được=duoc6 |đuôi=duoi1 |dưới|đuối=duoi3 |đuổi=duoi4 |đượm=duom6 |đườn=duon2 |duong|dương|đương=duong1 |dường|đường=duong2 |dưỡng=duong5 |dượng=duong6 |dượt=duot6 |dứt|đứt=dut3 |dụt|đụt=dut6 |duy=duy1 |đũy=duy5 |duyên=duyen1 |duyệt=duyet6 |e|ê=e1 |é|ế=e3 |em|êm=em1 |ém|ếm=em3 |en=en1 |eng=eng1 |ễnh=enh5 |ép=ep3 |fạ=fa6 |gà=ga2 |gả=ga4 |gạ=ga6 |gấc=gac3 |gạc=gac6 |gạch=gach6 |gái=gai3 |gâm|găm=gam1 |gầm=gam2 |gấm=gam3 |gậm|gặm=gam6 |gan|gân=gan1 |gàn|gần=gan2 |gán|gắn=gan3 |gạn=gan6 |gang|găng=gang1 |gàng=gang2 |gắng=gang3 |ganh=ganh1 |gánh=ganh3 |gào=gao2 |gáo=gao3 |gạo=gao6 |gắp=gap3 |gẳp=gap4 |gập|gặp=gap6 |gật=gat6 |gầu=gau2 |gấu=gau3 |gay|gây=gay1 |gầy=gay2 |gáy=gay3 |gảy=gay4 |gãy=gay5 |ghe|ghê=ghe1 |ghè=ghe2 |ghé|ghế=ghe3 |ghẻ=ghe4 |ghẽ=ghe5 |ghẹ|ghệ=ghe6 |ghếch=ghech3 |ghém=ghem3 |ghen=ghen1 |ghèng=gheng2 |ghềnh=ghenh2 |ghẹo=gheo6 |ghi=ghi1 |ghiềm=ghiem2 |gì=gi2 |gia=gia1 |già=gia2 |giá=gia3 |giả=gia4 |giạ=gia6 |giác|giấc=giac3 |giặc=giac6 |giai=giai1 |giái=giai3 |giải=giai4 |giãi=giai5 |giam=giam1 |giầm|giằm=giam2 |giám|giấm=giam3 |giảm=giam4 |giẫm=giam5 |gian=gian1 |gián=gian3 |giản=gian4 |giận=gian6 |giang|giăng=giang1 |giáng=giang3 |giảng|giẳng=giang4 |gianh=gianh1 |giành=gianh2 |giảnh=gianh4 |giao=giao1 |giáo=giao3 |giảo=giao4 |giáp=giap3 |giát|giất|giắt=giat3 |giạt|giặt=giat6 |giàu=giau2 |giấu=giau3 |giậu=giau6 |giây=giay1 |giày=giay2 |giấy=giay3 |giẻ=gie4 |giếc=giec3 |giếm=giem3 |giêng=gieng1 |giềng=gieng2 |giếng=gieng3 |gieo=gieo1 |giết=giet3 |giễu=gieu5 |gìn=gin2 |gio|giô|giơ=gio1 |giò|giồ|giờ=gio2 |gió=gio3 |giỏ|giở=gio4 |giỗ=gio5 |giộ=gio6 |giòi|giồi=gioi2 |giối|giới=gioi3 |giỏi|giổi=gioi4 |giỗi=gioi5 |giọi|giội=gioi6 |giòn=gion2 |giong=giong1 |gióng|giống=giong3 |giộng=giong6 |giọt=giot6 |gít=git3 |giừ=giu2 |giú=giu3 |giũ|giữ=giu5 |giùa=giua2 |giữa=giua5 |giun=giun1 |giủng=giung4 |giuộc=giuoc6 |giường=giuong2 |giướng=giuong3 |giúp=giup3 |gở=go4 |gỡ=go5 |goạng=goang6 |goay=goay1 |góc|gốc=goc3 |gòi|gồi=goi2 |gói=goi3 |gọi|gội|gợi=goi6 |gom|gôm=gom1 |gồm=gom2 |gớm=gom3 |gổm=gom4 |gọn=gon6 |gông=gong1 |gọng=gong6 |góp=gop3 |gộp=gop6 |gót=got3 |gổt=got4 |gột=got6 |gù=gu2 |gửi=gui4 |gùng|gừng=gung2 |gươm=guom1 |gương=guong1 |guồng=guong2 |gượng=guong6 |guy=guy1 |ha=ha1 |hà=ha2 |há=ha3 |hả=ha4 |hạ=ha6 |hác|hắc=hac3 |hạc=hac6 |hách=hach3 |hạch=hach6 |hai=hai1 |hài=hai2 |hái=hai3 |hải=hai4 |hãi=hai5 |hại=hai6 |hâm|hăm=ham1 |hàm=ham2 |hám=ham3 |hẩm=ham4 |hãm=ham5 |hạm=ham6 |hân|hăn=han1 |hàn|hằn=han2 |hán=han3 |hẩn=han4 |hãn|hẫn=han5 |hạn|hận=han6 |hang|hăng=hang1 |hàng|hằng=hang2 |háng=hang3 |hẩng=hang4 |hạng=hang6 |hanh=hanh1 |hành=hanh2 |hãnh=hanh5 |hạnh=hanh6 |hao=hao1 |hào=hao2 |háo=hao3 |hảo=hao4 |hạo=hao6 |hấp=hap3 |hát|hắt=hat3 |hạt=hat6 |hâư=hau1 |hầu=hau2 |hấu=hau3 |hậu=hau6 |hay=hay1 |hảy=hay4 |hè|hề=he2 |hể=he4 |hệ=he6 |hem=hem1 |hẻm=hem4 |hen=hen1 |hèn=hen2 |hẹn=hen6 |heng=heng1 |hênh=henh1 |heo=heo1 |hèo=heo2 |héo=heo3 |hẻo=heo4 |hẹo=heo6 |hẹp=hep6 |hết=het3 |hêu=heu1 |hều=heu2 |hi=hi1 |hí=hi3 |hỉ=hi4 |hiềm=hiem2 |hiếm=hiem3 |hiểm=hiem4 |hiên=hien1 |hiền=hien2 |hiến=hien3 |hiển=hien4 |hiện=hien6 |hiếp=hiep3 |hiệp=hiep6 |hiệt=hiet6 |hiêu=hieu1 |hiếu=hieu3 |hiểu=hieu4 |hiệu=hieu6 |hình=hinh2 |hít=hit3 |hiu=hiu1 |ho|hô=ho1 |hồ|hờ=ho2 |hổ=ho4 |hỗ=ho5 |họ|hộ=ho6 |hoa=hoa1 |hoà|hòa=hoa2 |hoá|hóa=hoa3 |hoả|hỏa=hoa4 |hoạ|họa=hoa6 |hoắc=hoac3 |hoặc=hoac6 |hoạch=hoach6 |hoài=hoai2 |hoại=hoai6 |hoan=hoan1 |hoàn=hoan2 |hoán=hoan3 |hoãn=hoan5 |hoạn=hoan6 |hoang=hoang1 |hoàng|hoằng=hoang2 |hoáng=hoang3 |hoảng=hoang4 |hoành=hoanh2 |hoạnh=hoanh6 |hoắt=hoat3 |hoạt=hoat6 |hoáy=hoay3 |hóc|hốc=hoc3 |học=hoc6 |hoè=hoe2 |hoen=hoen1 |hôi|hơi=hoi1 |hồi=hoi2 |hối=hoi3 |hỏi=hoi4 |hỡi=hoi5 |hội|hợi=hoi6 |hom|hôm=hom1 |hòm=hom2 |hõm=hom5 |hợm=hom6 |hon|hôn=hon1 |hòn|hồn=hon2 |hớn=hon3 |hổn|hởn=hon4 |hỗn=hon5 |hông=hong1 |hòng|hồng=hong2 |hống=hong3 |họng=hong6 |hóp=hop3 |họp|hộp|hợp=hop6 |hốt=hot3 |hột=hot6 |hu|hư=hu1 |hủ=hu4 |hũ=hu5 |hua=hua1 |hùa=hua2 |huân=huan1 |huấn=huan3 |húc=huc3 |huề=hue2 |huệ=hue6 |hủi=hui4 |hùm=hum2 |hun=hun1 |hung|hưng=hung1 |hùng=hung2 |húng|hứng=hung3 |hửng=hung4 |hững=hung5 |hước=huoc3 |hương=huong1 |hường=huong2 |huống|hướng=huong3 |hưởng=huong4 |hưu=huu1 |hữu=huu5 |hựu=huu6 |huy=huy1 |huý=huy3 |hủy=huy4 |huỷ=huy6 |huých=huych3 |huyên=huyen1 |huyền=huyen2 |huyễn=huyen5 |huyện=huyen6 |huyết=huyet3 |huyệt=huyet6 |huynh=huynh1 |huỳnh=huynh2 |hy=hy1 |hỷ=hy2 |ỉ=i4 |ích=ich3 |iến=ien3 |ỉm=im4 |in=in1 |ín=in3 |inh=inh1 |ính=inh3 |ít=it3 |kê=ke1 |kề=ke2 |kế=ke3 |kẻ|kể=ke4 |kẽ=ke5 |kệ=ke6 |kếch=kech3 |kên=ken1 |kễnh=kenh5 |kéo=keo3 |kẻo=keo4 |kẽo=keo5 |kẹo=keo6 |kép=kep3 |két|kết=ket3 |kẹt=ket6 |kêu=keu1 |kều=keu2 |kha=kha1 |khà=kha2 |khá=kha3 |khả=kha4 |khác|khắc=khac3 |khạc=khac6 |khách=khach3 |khai=khai1 |khái=khai3 |khải=khai4 |kham|khâm=kham1 |khám|khắm=kham3 |khảm=kham4 |khan|khăn=khan1 |khán|khấn=khan3 |khẩn|khẳn=khan4 |khang=khang1 |kháng=khang3 |khảng|khẳng=khang4 |khạng=khang6 |khanh=khanh1 |khánh=khanh3 |khao=khao1 |khảo=khao4 |khấp|khắp=khap3 |khạp=khap6 |khát|khất=khat3 |khâu=khau1 |khấu=khau3 |khẩu=khau4 |khay=khay1 |kháy=khay2 |khảy|khẩy=khay4 |khe|khê=khe1 |khè|khề=khe2 |khé|khế=khe3 |khẻ|khể=khe4 |khẽ=khe5 |khệ=khe6 |khệnh=khenh6 |kheo=kheo1 |khép=khep3 |khêu=kheu1 |khều=kheu2 |khi=khi1 |khí=khi3 |khỉ=khi4 |khía=khia3 |khích=khich3 |khiêm=khiem1 |khiếm=khiem3 |khiên=khien1 |khiền=khien2 |khiến=khien3 |khiển=khien4 |khiếp=khiep3 |khiết=khiet3 |khiêu=khieu1 |khiếu=khieu3 |khinh=khinh1 |khít=khit3 |khịt=khit6 |khíu=khiu3 |khỉu=khiu4 |kho|khô=kho1 |khờ=kho2 |khố=kho3 |khổ=kho4 |khoa=khoa1 |khoá=khoa3 |khoả=khoa4 |khoác=khoac3 |khoai=khoai1 |khoái=khoai3 |khoan=khoan1 |khoán=khoan3 |khoản=khoan4 |khoang=khoang1 |khoáng=khoang3 |khoảng=khoang4 |khoanh=khoanh1 |khoảnh=khoanh4 |khóc|khốc=khoc3 |khoe=khoe1 |khoét=khoet3 |khôi|khơi=khoi1 |khói|khối=khoi3 |khởi=khoi4 |khóm=khom3 |khôn=khon1 |khờn=khon2 |khón|khốn=khon3 |không=khong1 |khống=khong3 |khỏng|khổng=khong4 |khoong=khoong1 |khóp|khớp=khop3 |khu|khư=khu1 |khừ=khu2 |khứ=khu3 |khua=khua1 |khùa=khua2 |khuá=khua3 |khuẩn=khuan4 |khuâng=khuang1 |khuất=khuat3 |khuấy=khuay3 |khúc=khuc3 |khuê=khue1 |khuếch=khuech3 |khung=khung1 |khủng=khung4 |khước=khuoc3 |khuôn=khuon1 |khương=khuong1 |khướu=khuou3 |khưu=khuu1 |khứu=khuu3 |khuý=khuy3 |khuya=khuya1 |khuyên=khuyen1 |khuyến=khuyen3 |khuyển=khuyen4 |khuyết=khuyet3 |khuynh=khuynh1 |khuỷu=khuyu4 |ki=ki1 |kì=ki2 |kí=ki3 |kỉ=ki4 |kĩ=ki5 |kị=ki6 |kia=kia1 |kích=kich3 |kịch=kich6 |kiêm=kiem1 |kiềm=kiem2 |kiếm=kiem3 |kiểm=kiem4 |kiệm=kiem6 |kiên=kien1 |kiến=kien3 |kiện=kien6 |kiêng=kieng1 |kiếng=kieng3 |kiễng=kieng5 |kiếp=kiep3 |kiệt=kiet6 |kiêu=kieu1 |kiều=kieu2 |kiểu=kieu4 |kim=kim1 |kinh=kinh1 |kình=kinh2 |kính=kinh3 |kíp=kip3 |kĩu=kiu5 |ky=ky1 |kỳ=ky2 |ký=ky3 |kỷ=ky4 |kỹ=ky5 |kỵ=ky6 |la=la1 |là=la2 |lá=la3 |lạ=la6 |lạc|lặc=lac6 |lách=lach3 |lai=lai1 |lại=lai6 |lam|lâm|lăm=lam1 |làm=lam2 |lãm|lẫm=lam5 |lạm=lam6 |lan|lân=lan1 |lần|lằn=lan2 |lẫn=lan5 |lạn=lan6 |lang|lăng=lang1 |làng=lang2 |láng|lắng=lang3 |lãng=lang5 |lặng=lang6 |lanh=lanh1 |lành=lanh2 |lãnh=lanh5 |lạnh=lanh6 |lao=lao1 |lão=lao5 |lạp|lập=lap6 |lát=lat3 |lạt|lật=lat6 |lau|lâu=lau1 |làu|lầu=lau2 |lậu=lau6 |lầy=lay2 |lấy=lay3 |le|lê=le1 |lè=le2 |lẽ|lễ=le5 |lẹ|lệ=le6 |lếch=lech3 |lệch=lech6 |len|lên=len1 |lèn=len2 |lén=len3 |lẻn=len4 |lênh=lenh1 |lệnh=lenh6 |lèo=leo2 |léo=leo3 |lẻo=leo4 |lẽo=leo5 |lét|lết=let3 |lẹt=let6 |lêu=leu1 |li=li1 |lì=li2 |lí=li3 |lị=li6 |lìa=lia2 |lịch=lich6 |liêm=liem1 |liên=lien1 |liếng=lieng3 |liệng=lieng6 |liểp=liep4 |liệp=liep6 |liệt=liet6 |liêu=lieu1 |liễu=lieu5 |liệu=lieu6 |lịn=lin6 |linh=linh1 |lính=linh3 |lĩnh=linh5 |líu=liu3 |lịu=liu6 |lo|lô|lơ=lo1 |lò|lồ|lờ=lo2 |ló|lố|lớ=lo3 |lổ|lở=lo4 |lõ|lỗ|lỡ=lo5 |lọ|lộ|lợ=lo6 |loa=loa1 |loài=loai2 |loại=loai6 |loàm=loam2 |loan=loan1 |loạn=loan6 |loảp=loap4 |loát=loat3 |lóc|lốc=loc3 |lộc=loc6 |lôi=loi1 |lồi|lời=loi2 |lối=loi3 |lởi=loi4 |lõi|lỗi=loi5 |lội|lợi=loi6 |lom=lom1 |lòm|lồm=lom2 |lòn=lon2 |lớn=lon3 |lỏn=lon4 |long|lông=long1 |lòng|lồng=long2 |lóng=long3 |lỏng|lổng=long4 |lọng|lộng=long6 |lốp=lop3 |lộp=lop6 |lót|lớt=lot3 |lọt=lot6 |lư=lu1 |lũ|lữ=lu5 |lự=lu6 |lừa=lua2 |lúa|lứa=lua3 |lửa=lua4 |lụa|lựa=lua6 |luân=luan1 |luận=luan6 |luật=luat6 |lúc=luc3 |lục|lực=luc6 |lui=lui1 |lùi=lui2 |lủi=lui4 |lùm=lum2 |lúm=lum3 |lùn=lun2 |lún=lun3 |lung|lưng=lung1 |lùng|lừng=lung2 |lúng=lung3 |lủng|lửng=lung4 |lũng=lung5 |lụng|lựng=lung6 |luốc=luoc3 |lược=luoc6 |lười=luoi2 |lưới=luoi3 |lưỡi=luoi5 |lượi=luoi6 |lượm=luom6 |luôn=luon1 |luồn|lườn=luon2 |lượn=luon6 |luông|lương=luong1 |luồng|lường=luong2 |luống=luong3 |lưỡng=luong5 |lượng=luong6 |lướt=luot3 |lượt=luot6 |lúp=lup3 |lụt=lut6 |lưu=luu1 |lựu=luu6 |luy=luy1 |lũy=luy5 |lụy=luy6 |luyến=luyen3 |luyện=luyen6 |ly=ly1 |lý=ly3 |ma=ma1 |mà=ma2 |má=ma3 |mả=ma4 |mã=ma5 |mạ=ma6 |mác|mắc=mac3 |mạc|mặc=mac6 |mách=mach3 |mạch=mach6 |mai=mai1 |mài=mai2 |mái=mai3 |mải=mai4 |mãi=mai5 |mại=mai6 |mâm|măm=mam1 |mầm=mam2 |mắm=mam3 |man|mân=man1 |màn|mần=man2 |mán|mấn=man3 |mẩn=man4 |mãn|mẫn=man5 |mạn|mận|mặn=man6 |mang|măng=mang1 |màng|mầng=mang2 |máng|mắng=mang3 |mảng=mang4 |mãng=mang5 |mạng=mang6 |manh=manh1 |mảnh=manh4 |mãnh=manh5 |mạnh=manh6 |mao=mao1 |mào=mao2 |mão=mao5 |mạo=mao6 |mấp=map3 |mạp|mập=map6 |mát|mất|mắt=mat3 |mạt|mật|mặt=mat6 |mau|mâu=mau1 |màu|mầu=mau2 |máu|mấu=mau3 |mẫu=mau5 |mậu=mau6 |may|mây=may1 |mày|mầy=may2 |máy|mấy=may3 |mạy=may6 |me|mê=me1 |mè=me2 |mé=me3 |mẻ=me4 |mẽ=me5 |mễ=me5 |mẹ=me6 |mếch=mech3 |mềm=mem2 |men=men1 |mến=men3 |mẻn=men4 |mèng=meng2 |mênh=menh1 |mệnh=menh6 |meo=meo1 |mèo=meo2 |méo=meo3 |mẹo=meo6 |mép=mep3 |mét=met3 |mệt=met6 |mếu=meu3 |mi=mi1 |mì=mi2 |mỉ=mi4 |mĩ=mi5 |mị=mi6 |mía=mia3 |mỉa=mia4 |mịch=mich6 |miên=mien1 |miền=mien2 |miến=mien3 |miễn=mien5 |miện=mien6 |miếng=mieng3 |miệng=mieng6 |miết=miet3 |miệt=miet6 |miêu=mieu1 |miếu=mieu3 |miễu=mieu5 |mím=mim3 |mỉm=mim4 |mĩm=mim5 |min=min1 |mìn=min2 |mịn=min6 |minh=minh1 |mình=minh2 |mính=minh3 |mỉnh=minh4 |míp=mip3 |mịt=mit6 |mô|mơ=mo1 |mò|mồ|mờ=mo2 |mó=mo3 |mỏ|mổ|mở=mo4 |mõ|mỗ|mỡ=mo5 |mộ|mợ=mo6 |môc=moc1 |móc|mốc=moc3 |mọc|mộc=moc6 |moi|môi=moi1 |mồi|mời=moi2 |mối|mới=moi3 |mỏi=moi4 |mỗi=moi5 |mội=moi6 |mồm=mom2 |môn=mon1 |mòn=mon2 |món=mon3 |mọn=mon6 |mong|mông=mong1 |mòng|mồng=mong2 |móng|mống=mong3 |mỏng=mong4 |mộng=mong6 |móp=mop3 |mốt=mot3 |mọt|một=mot6 |mù=mu2 |mú=mu3 |mủ=mu4 |mũ=mu5 |mụ=mu6 |mua|mưa=mua1 |mùa=mua2 |muá|múa=mua3 |múc|mức=muc3 |mục|mực=muc6 |mùi=mui2 |mũi=mui5 |mũm=mum5 |mun=mun1 |mủn=mun4 |mụn=mun6 |mung=mung1 |mùng|mừng=mung2 |muôi|mươi=muoi1 |mười=muoi2 |muối=muoi3 |muỗi=muoi5 |muội=muoi6 |muôn=muon1 |muốn|mướn=muon3 |muộn|mượn=muon6 |muong|muông=muong1 |mường=muong2 |muỗng=muong5 |mướp=muop3 |mướt=muot3 |mượt=muot6 |múp=mup3 |mút|mứt=mut3 |mưu=muu1 |my=my1 |mỹ=my5 |mỵ=my6 |na=na1 |nà=na2 |ná=na3 |nả=na4 |nã=na5 |nạ=na6 |nắc=nac3 |nảc=nac4 |nặc=nac6 |nách=nach3 |nạch=nach6 |nai=nai1 |nài=nai2 |nái=nai3 |nải=nai4 |nãi=nai5 |nại=nai6 |nam|năm=nam1 |nằm=nam2 |nấm|nắm=nam3 |nạm|nậm=nam6 |nan|năn=nan1 |nàn|nần|nằn=nan2 |nán|nấn|nắn=nan3 |nản=nan4 |nạn|nặn=nan6 |nang|nâng|năng=nang1 |nàng=nang2 |nấng|nắng=nang3 |nẵng=nang5 |nặng=nang6 |nanh=nanh1 |nành=nanh2 |nao=nao1 |nào=nao2 |não=nao5 |nạo=nao6 |nấp|nắp=nap3 |nạp|nập=nap6 |nát=nat3 |nạt=nat6 |nâu=nau1 |náu|nấu=nau3 |nẩu=nau4 |nậu=nau6 |nay|nây=nay1 |này|nầy=nay2 |náy|nấy=nay3 |nảy|nẩy=nay4 |nê=ne1 |nè|nề=ne2 |né=ne3 |nẻ|nể=ne4 |nễ=ne5 |nệ=ne6 |nêm=nem1 |nềm=nem2 |ném|nếm=nem3 |nệm=nem6 |nen|nên=nen1 |nền=nen2 |nén|nến=nen3 |nênh=nenh1 |néo=neo3 |nếp=nep3 |nẹp=nep6 |nét|nết=net3 |nêu=neu1 |nếu=neu3 |nga=nga1 |ngà=nga2 |ngả=nga4 |ngã=nga5 |ngác=ngac3 |ngạc=ngac6 |ngạch=ngach6 |ngai=ngai1 |ngài=ngai2 |ngái=ngai3 |ngãi=ngai5 |ngại=ngai6 |ngâm|ngăm=ngam1 |ngầm=ngam2 |ngấm|ngắm=ngam3 |ngẫm=ngam5 |ngậm=ngam6 |ngan|ngân|ngăn=ngan1 |ngàn|ngần=ngan2 |ngấn|ngắn=ngan3 |ngẩn=ngan4 |ngạn|ngận=ngan6 |ngang=ngang1 |ngàng=ngang2 |ngành=nganh2 |ngạnh=nganh6 |ngao=ngao1 |ngào=ngao2 |ngạo=ngao6 |ngáp|ngấp=ngap3 |ngập=ngap6 |ngát|ngất|ngắt=ngat3 |ngạt|ngật|ngặt=ngat6 |ngầu=ngau2 |ngẫu=ngau5 |ngay|ngây=ngay1 |ngày=ngay2 |ngáy=ngay3 |ngậy=ngay6 |nghe|nghê=nghe1 |nghề=nghe2 |nghé|nghế|=nghe3 |nghễ=nghe5 |nghẹ|nghệ=nghe6 |nghếch=nghech3 |nghem=nghem1 |nghẽn=nghen5 |nghẹn=nghen6 |nghênh=nghenh1 |nghèo=ngheo2 |nghẹo=ngheo6 |nghẹt=nghet6 |nghi=nghi1 |nghì=nghi2 |nghỉ=nghi4 |nghĩ=nghi5 |nghị=nghi6 |nghĩa=nghia5 |nghịch=nghich6 |nghiêm=nghiem1 |nghiệm=nghiem6 |nghiên=nghien1 |nghiền=nghien2 |nghiễn=nghien5 |nghiện=nghien6 |nghiêng=nghieng1 |nghiệp=nghiep6 |nghiệt=nghiet6 |nghiêu=nghieu1 |nghìn=nghin2 |nghĩnh=nghinh5 |nghịt=nghit6 |ngo|ngô|ngơ=ngo1 |ngờ=ngo2 |ngó|ngớ=ngo3 |ngỏ|ngổ=ngo4 |ngõ|ngỗ|ngỡ=ngo5 |ngọ|ngộ=ngo6 |ngoa=ngoa1 |ngọa=ngoa6 |ngoặc=ngoac6 |ngoai=ngoai1 |ngoài=ngoai2 |ngoái=ngoai3 |ngoại=ngoai6 |ngoạm=ngoam6 |ngoan=ngoan1 |ngoạn=ngoan6 |ngoao=ngoao1 |ngoắt=ngoat3 |ngoạt|ngoặt=ngoat6 |ngoáy=ngoay3 |ngóc|ngốc=ngoc3 |ngọc=ngoc6 |ngoen=ngoen1 |ngoẻn=ngoen4 |ngôi|ngơi=ngoi1 |ngòi|ngồi|ngời=ngoi2 |ngói=ngoi3 |ngợi=ngoi6 |ngon|ngôn|ngơn=ngon1 |ngòn|ngồn=ngon2 |ngón=ngon3 |ngổn=ngon4 |ngọn=ngon6 |ngông=ngong1 |ngóng=ngong3 |ngỗng=ngong5 |ngọng=ngong6 |ngoòng=ngoong2 |ngọt|ngột=ngot6 |ngu|ngư=ngu1 |ngừ=ngu2 |ngủ=ngu4 |ngũ|ngữ=ngu5 |ngự=ngu6 |ngừa=ngua2 |ngửa=ngua4 |ngựa=ngua6 |nguậy=nguay6 |ngục|ngực=nguc6 |ngùi=ngui2 |ngủi|ngửi=ngui4 |ngủm=ngum4 |ngụm=ngum6 |ngùn=ngun2 |ngưng=ngung1 |ngùng|ngừng=ngung2 |ngủng=ngung4 |ngược=nguoc6 |nguôi|ngươi=nguoi1 |người=nguoi2 |nguội=nguoi6 |nguồn=nguon2 |ngưỡng=nguong5 |ngượng=nguong6 |ngụp=ngup6 |ngút=ngut3 |ngụt=ngut6 |ngưu=nguu1 |nguy=nguy1 |ngụy|nguỵ=nguy6 |nguyên=nguyen1 |nguyễn=nguyen5 |nguyện=nguyen6 |nguyệt=nguyet6 |nha=nha1 |nhà=nha2 |nhá=nha3 |nhã=nha5 |nhạ=nha6 |nhác|nhấc|nhắc=nhac3 |nhạc=nhac6 |nhai=nhai1 |nhái=nhai2 |nhãi=nhai5 |nhại=nhai6 |nham|nhâm|nhăm=nham1 |nhàm|nhầm|nhằm=nham2 |nhám|nhấm|nhắm=nham3 |nhậm=nham6 |nhan|nhân|nhăn=nhan1 |nhàn|nhằn=nhan2 |nhấn|nhắn=nhan3 |nhẳn=nhan4 |nhãn|nhẫn|nhẵn=nhan5 |nhạn|nhận|nhặn=nhan6 |nhăng=nhang1 |nhàng|nhằng=nhang2 |nhãng|nhẵng=nhang5 |nhặng=nhang6 |nhanh=nhanh1 |nhánh=nhanh3 |nhao=nhao1 |nhào=nhao2 |nháo=nhao3 |nhão=nhao5 |nhạo=nhao6 |nháp|nhấp=nhap3 |nhập=nhap6 |nhát|nhất|nhắt=nhat3 |nhạt|nhật|nhặt=nhat6 |nhau=nhau1 |nhậu=nhau6 |nhầy=nhay2 |nháy=nhay3 |nhảy|nhẩy=nhay4 |nhạy=nhay6 |nhe=nhe1 |nhé=nhe3 |nhễ=nhe5 |nhẹ=nhe6 |nhếch=nhech3 |nhệch=nhech6 |nhem=nhem1 |nhèm=nhem2 |nhẹm=nhem6 |nhẹn|nhện=nhen6 |nhênh=nhenh1 |nheo=nheo1 |nhèo=nheo2 |nhéo=nheo3 |nhép=nhep3 |nhẹt=nhet6 |nhi=nhi1 |nhì=nhi2 |nhí=nhi3 |nhỉ=nhi4 |nhĩ=nhi5 |nhị=nhi6 |nhích=nhich3 |nhiếc=nhiec3 |nhiêm=nhiem1 |nhiễm=nhiem5 |nhiệm=nhiem6 |nhiên=nhien1 |nhiếp=nhiep3 |nhiệt=nhiet6 |nhiêu=nhieu1 |nhiều=nhieu2 |nhiễu=nhieu5 |nhím=nhim3 |nhìn=nhin2 |nhịn=nhin6 |nhính=nhinh3 |nhỉnh=nhinh4 |nhíp=nhip3 |nhịp=nhip6 |nhít=nhit3 |nhíu=nhiu3 |nho|nhô|nhơ=nho1 |nhờ=nho2 |nhố|nhớ=nho3 |nhỏ|nhổ|nhở=nho4 |nhỡ=nho5 |nhọ=nho6 |nhoai=nhoai1 |nhoàm=nhoam2 |nhoáng=nhoang3 |nhoạng=nhoang6 |nhóc=nhoc3 |nhọc=nhoc6 |nhoi=nhoi1 |nhồi=nhoi2 |nhối=nhoi3 |nhom|nhôm=nhom1 |nhồm=nhom2 |nhóm=nhom3 |nhổm=nhom4 |nhõm=nhom5 |nhơn=nhon1 |nhòn|nhờn=nhon2 |nhón|nhốn|nhớn=nhon3 |nhởn=nhon4 |nhõn|nhỡn=nhon5 |nhọn|nhộn=nhon6 |nhộng=nhong6 |nhớp=nhop3 |nhót|nhốt|nhớt=nhot3 |nhọt=nhot6 |nhu|như=nhu1 |nhú=nhu3 |nhủ=nhu4 |nhũ|nhữ=nhu5 |nhụa|nhựa=nhua6 |nhuần=nhuan2 |nhuận=nhuan6 |nhúc|nhức=nhuc3 |nhục=nhuc6 |nhuế=nhue3 |nhuệ=nhue6 |nhúm=nhum3 |nhún=nhun3 |nhung|nhưng=nhung1 |nhũng|những=nhung5 |nhuốc=nhuoc3 |nhược=nhuoc6 |nhuộm=nhuom6 |nhường=nhuong2 |nhưỡng=nhuong5 |nhượng=nhuong6 |nhút=nhut3 |nhứt=nhut3 |nhuỵ=nhuy6 |nhuyễn=nhuyen5 |ni=ni1 |nì=ni2 |nỉ=ni4 |ních=nich3 |nịch=nich6 |niêm=niem1 |niềm=niem2 |niệm=niem6 |niên=nien1 |niết=niet3 |niêu=nieu1 |nin=nin1 |nín=nin3 |ninh=ninh1 |nịnh=ninh6 |níp=nip3 |nít=nit3 |nịt=nit6 |niu=niu1 |níu=niu3 |no|nô|nơ=no1 |nó=no3 |nỏ|nổ|nở=no4 |nỗ=no5 |nọ|nộ|nợ=no6 |noãn=noan5 |nóc=noc3 |nổc=noc4 |nọc=noc6 |noi|nôi|nơi=noi1 |nòi|nồi=noi2 |nói|nối|nới=noi3 |nổi=noi4 |nỗi=noi5 |nọi|nội=noi6 |nom|nôm=nom1 |nồm=nom2 |non=non1 |nòn=non2 |nón=non3 |nõn=non5 |nộn=non6 |nong|nông=nong1 |nòng|nồng=nong2 |nóng|nống=nong3 |nổng=nong4 |nọng=nong6 |noỏc=nooc4 |noọng=noong6 |nộp=nop6 |nốt=not3 |nu|nư=nu1 |nữ=nu5 |nụ=nu6 |nự=nu6 |nua|nưa=nua1 |nứa=nua3 |nửa=nua4 |nữa=nua5 |núc|nức=nuc3 |núi=nui3 |núm=num3 |nùn=nun2 |nung=nung1 |nùng=nung2 |nước=nuoc3 |nuôi=nuoi1 |nuối=nuoi3 |nương=nuong1 |nướng=nuong3 |nuốt=nuot3 |núp=nup3 |nút|nứt=nut3 |nữu=nuu5 |o|ô|ơ=o1 |ố|ớ=o3 |ở=o4 |oa=oa1 |oà=oa2 |oai=oai1 |oái=oai3 |oải=oai4 |oan=oan1 |oán=oan3 |oang=oang1 |oảng=oang4 |oanh=oanh1 |oành=oanh2 |oánh=oanh3 |óc|ốc=oc3 |oeo=oeo1 |ôi=oi1 |om=om1 |ốm=om3 |ôn|ơn=on1 |ồn=on2 |ón|ớn=on3 |ỏn|ổn=on4 |ong|ông=ong1 |óng|ống=ong3 |ỏng=ong4 |ót|ốt|ớt=ot3 |pa=pa1 |pả=pa4 |pài=pai2 |păn=pan1 |pắn=pan3 |pây=pay1 |pê=pe1 |pha=pha1 |phá=pha3 |phả=pha4 |phác|phắc=phac3 |phách=phach3 |phái=phai3 |phải=phai4 |phàm=pham2 |phẩm=pham4 |phạm=pham6 |phan|phân|phăn=phan1 |phàn|phần=phan2 |phán|phấn=phan3 |phản=phan4 |phẫn=phan5 |phạn|phận=phan6 |phảng|phẳng=phang4 |phanh=phanh1 |phành=phanh2 |phao=phao1 |pháo=phao3 |pháp=phap3 |phát|phất|phắt=phat3 |phạt|phật=phat6 |phẫu=phau5 |pháy=phay3 |phê=phe1 |phè=phe2 |phế=phe3 |phệ=phe6 |phen|phên=phen1 |phèo=pheo2 |phép=phep3 |phết=phet3 |phẹt=phet6 |phếu=pheu3 |phễu=pheu5 |phi=phi1 |phỉ=phi2 |phí=phi3 |phía=phia3 |phiếm=phiem3 |phiên=phien1 |phiền=phien2 |phiến=phien3 |phiện=phien6 |phiét=phiet3 |phiệt=phiet6 |phiếu=phieu3 |phím=phim3 |phít=phit3 |phô|phơ=pho1 |phò=pho2 |phó|phố=pho3 |phổ|phở=pho4 |phốc=phoc3 |phối=phoi3 |phổi=phoi4 |phon=phon1 |phồn=phon2 |phong=phong1 |phòng=phong2 |phóng=phong3 |phỏng=phong4 |phớt=phot3 |phu=phu1 |phù=phu2 |phú=phu3 |phủ=phu4 |phụ=phu6 |phúc|phức=phuc3 |phục=phuc6 |phun=phun1 |phún=phun3 |phúng=phung3 |phụng=phung6 |phướn=phuon3 |phương=phuong1 |phường=phuong2 |phưởng=phuong4 |phượng=phuong6 |phút=phut3 |pịa=pia6 |piấu=piau3 |pích=pich3 |pỏi=poi4 |qua=qua1 |quà=qua2 |quá=qua3 |quả=qua4 |quạ=qua6 |quắc=quac3 |quách=quach3 |quai=quai1 |quái=quai3 |quải=quai4 |quan|quân|quăn=quan1 |quần=quan2 |quán=quan3 |quản=quan4 |quặn=quan6 |quang|quăng=quang1 |quàng=quang2 |quáng=quang3 |quảng|quẳng=quang4 |quanh=quanh1 |quào=quao2 |quát=quat3 |quạt|quật=quat6 |quày|quầy=quay2 |quảy=quay4 |quẫy=quay5 |quê=que1 |què=que2 |quế=que3 |quẻ=que4 |quẽ=que5 |quen=quen1 |queo=queo1 |quéo=queo3 |quét|quết=quet3 |quẹt|quệt=quet6 |qui=qui1 |quì=qui2 |quỉ=qui4 |quĩ=qui5 |quít=quit3 |quịt=quit6 |quíu=quiu3 |quơ=quo1 |quốc=quoc3 |quy=quy1 |quỳ=quy2 |quý|qúy=quy3 |quỷ=quy4 |quỹ=quy5 |quyên=quyen1 |quyền=quyen2 |quyến=quyen3 |quyển=quyen4 |quyết=quyet3 |quyệt=quyet6 |quỳnh=quynh2 |quýnh=quynh3 |quýt=quyt3 |quỵt=quyt6 |ra=ra1 |rả=ra4 |rạ=ra6 |rắc=rac3 |rạc|rặc=rac6 |rài=rai2 |rải=rai4 |rầm|rằm=ram2 |rắm=ram3 |rậm=ram6 |ran|rân|răn=ran1 |ràn|rằn=ran2 |rán|rấn|rắn=ran3 |rạn|rận|rặn=ran6 |rang|răng=rang1 |ràng|rằng=rang2 |ráng=rang3 |rạng|rặng=rang6 |ranh=ranh1 |rành=ranh2 |rảnh=ranh4 |rãnh=ranh5 |rao=rao1 |rào=rao2 |rạp|rập=rap6 |rạt=rat6 |râu=rau1 |rầu=rau2 |rây=ray1 |rày|rầy=ray2 |re|rê=re1 |rè=re2 |ré|rế=re3 |rẻ|rể=re4 |rẽ|rễ=re5 |rèm=rem2 |rện=ren6 |rèng=reng2 |reo=reo1 |réo=reo3 |rẻo=reo4 |rệp=rep6 |rét|rết=ret3 |rẹt=ret6 |rêu=reu1 |ri=ri1 |rì=ri2 |rỉ=ri4 |rĩ=ri5 |rị=ri6 |ria=ria1 |rìa=ria2 |rỉa=ria4 |rịa=ria6 |riêng=rieng1 |riệt=riet6 |rinh=rinh1 |rình=rinh2 |rỉnh=rinh4 |rìu=riu2 |rỡ=ro5 |roạt=roat6 |róc=roc3 |roẹt=roet6 |rồi=roi2 |rối=roi3 |rỗi=roi5 |rôm|rơm=rom1 |rọn|rộn|rợn=ron6 |rong|rông=rong1 |ròng|rồng=rong2 |rống=rong3 |rỗng=rong5 |rộng=rong6 |roòng=roong2 |rớp=rop3 |rót=rot3 |rột=rot6 |ru=ru1 |rù=ru2 |rủ=ru4 |rua=rua1 |rùa=rua2 |rủa|rửa=rua4 |rủc=ruc4 |rùm=rum2 |run=run1 |rùn=run2 |rún=run3 |rủn=run4 |rung=rung1 |rùng|rừng=rung2 |rủng=rung4 |rụng=rung6 |rươi=ruoi1 |ruồi=ruoi2 |rưới=ruoi3 |ruổi|rưởi=ruoi4 |ruỗi|rưỡi=ruoi5 |rườm=ruom2 |rướm=ruom3 |rươn=ruon1 |rướn=ruon3 |rượn=ruon6 |rương=ruong1 |ruồng|rường=ruong2 |ruỗng=ruong5 |ruộng=ruong6 |ruột|rượt=ruot6 |rượu=ruou6 |rút|rứt=rut3 |rụt=rut6 |sa=sa1 |sà=sa2 |sả=sa4 |sắc=sac3 |sách=sach3 |sạch=sach6 |sai=sai1 |sài=sai2 |sái=sai3 |sam|sâm|săm=sam1 |sàm|sầm=sam2 |sám=sam3 |san|sân=san1 |sàn=san2 |sán|sắn=san3 |sản=san4 |sẵn=san5 |sạn=san6 |sang=sang1 |sàng=sang2 |sáng|sắng=sang3 |sảng=sang4 |sanh=sanh1 |sảnh=sanh4 |sao=sao1 |sào=sao2 |sáo=sao3 |sảo=sao4 |sáp=sap3 |sát|sất|sắt=sat3 |sặt=sat6 |sau|sâu|sâư=sau1 |sầu=sau2 |sáu|sấu=sau3 |sậu=sau6 |say=say1 |sẩy=say4 |sê=se1 |sẻ=se4 |sẽ=se5 |sệ=se6 |sên=sen1 |sênh=senh1 |sét=set3 |sếu=seu3 |si=si1 |sì=si2 |sí=si3 |sĩ=si5 |siêng=sieng1 |siêu=sieu1 |sinh=sinh1 |sít=sit3 |sloong=sloong1 |so|sô|sơ=so1 |sò|sồ|sờ=so2 |số|sớ=so3 |sổ|sở=so4 |sỗ=so5 |sọ|sợ=so6 |soa=soa1 |soả=soa4 |soái=soai3 |soạn=soan6 |soạt=soat6 |sóc=soc3 |sộc=soc6 |soi|sôi=soi1 |sói=soi3 |sợi=soi6 |sớm=som3 |son|sơn=son1 |sờn=son2 |song|sông=song1 |sống=song3 |sổng=song4 |sột=sot6 |sư=su1 |sù=su2 |sú|sứ=su3 |sủ|sử=su4 |sụ|sự=su6 |sưa=sua1 |sứa=sua3 |sủa|sửa=sua4 |sữa=sua5 |suất=suat3 |súc|sức=suc3 |sục|sực=suc6 |suê=sue1 |sui=sui1 |sum=sum1 |sún=sun3 |sung|sưng=sung1 |sùng|sừng=sung2 |súng=sung3 |sủng|sửng=sung4 |sũng=sung5 |sựng=sung6 |suôi=suoi1 |suôn|sươn=suon1 |suông|sương=suong1 |sướng=suong3 |sưởng=suong4 |sượng=suong6 |suốt=suot3 |sứt=sut3 |sựt=sut6 |sưu=suu1 |sửu=suu4 |suy=suy1 |suyễn=suyen5 |ta=ta1 |tà=ta2 |tá=ta3 |tả=ta4 |tã=ta5 |tạ=ta6 |tác|tấc|tắc=tac3 |tạc|tặc=tac6 |tách=tach3 |tạch=tach6 |tai=tai1 |tài=tai2 |tái=tai3 |tại=tai6 |tam|tâm|tăm=tam1 |tàm|tầm|tằm=tam2 |tám|tấm|tắm=tam3 |tẩm=tam4 |tạm=tam6 |tân=tan1 |tàn|tần=tan2 |tán|tấn=tan3 |tản=tan4 |tận=tan6 |tang|tâng|tăng=tang1 |tầng|tằng=tang2 |táng|tấng=tang3 |tảng=tang4 |tạng|tặng=tang6 |tanh=tanh1 |tạnh=tanh6 |tao=tao1 |tào=tao2 |táo=tao3 |tảo=tao4 |tạo=tao6 |táp=tap3 |tạp|tập=tap6 |tát|tất|tắt=tat3 |tạt|tật=tat6 |tàu=tau2 |táu|tấu=tau3 |tẩu|tẩư=tau4 |tay|tây=tay1 |tày|tầy=tay2 |tẩy=tay4 |tê=te1 |té|tế=te3 |tể=te4 |tễ=te5 |tệ=te6 |tên=ten1 |tèn=ten2 |tẽn=ten5 |tênh=tenh1 |tềnh=tenh2 |teo=teo1 |tẹo=teo6 |tép=tep3 |tệp=tep6 |tết=tet3 |têu=teu1 |tha=tha1 |thà=tha2 |thác|thắc=thac3 |thạc=thac6 |thạch=thach6 |thai=thai1 |thái=thai3 |thải=thai4 |tham|thâm=tham1 |thầm=tham2 |thám|thắm=tham3 |thảm|thẩm|thẳm=tham4 |thẫm=tham5 |thậm=tham6 |than|thân=than1 |thần=than2 |thán=than3 |thản=than4 |thận=than6 |thang|thăng=thang1 |thằng=thang2 |tháng|thắng=thang3 |thảng|thẳng=thang4 |thặng=thang6 |thanh=thanh1 |thành=thanh2 |thánh=thanh3 |thao=thao1 |tháo=thao3 |thảo=thao4 |thạo=thao6 |tháp|thấp=thap3 |thập=thap6 |thất=that3 |thật=that6 |thau|thâu=thau1 |tháu|thấu=thau3 |thay|thây=thay1 |thầy=thay2 |thấy=thay3 |the|thê=the1 |thề=the2 |thế=the3 |thể=the4 |thệ=the6 |then=then1 |thèn=then2 |thẹn=then6 |thênh=thenh1 |thèo=theo2 |thẻo=theo4 |thết=thet3 |thểu=theu4 |thi=thi1 |thí=thi3 |thỉ=thi4 |thị=thi6 |thìa=thia2 |thích=thich3 |thiếc=thiec3 |thiêm=thiem1 |thiểm=thiem4 |thiên=thien1 |thiền=thien2 |thiến=thien3 |thiển=thien4 |thiện=thien6 |thiếp=thiep3 |thiệp=thiep6 |thiết=thiet3 |thiệt=thiet6 |thiêu=thieu1 |thiếu=thieu3 |thiểu=thieu4 |thiệu=thieu6 |thím=thim3 |thìn=thin2 |thinh=thinh1 |thình=thinh2 |thính=thinh3 |thỉnh=thinh4 |thịnh=thinh6 |tho|thô|thơ=tho1 |thò|thờ=tho2 |thố=tho3 |thỏ|thổ|thở=tho4 |thọ|thợ=tho6 |thoa=thoa1 |thoá=thoa3 |thoả|thỏa=thoa4 |thoái=thoai3 |thoải=thoai4 |thoại=thoai6 |thoan=thoan1 |thoán=thoan3 |thoang=thoang1 |thoáng|thoắng=thoang3 |thoảng=thoang4 |thoát|thoắt=thoat3 |thóc=thoc3 |thoen=thoen1 |thoi|thôi=thoi1 |thòi|thồi|thời=thoi2 |thói|thối=thoi3 |thỏi|thổi=thoi4 |thỏm=thom4 |thôn=thon1 |thờn=thon2 |thốn=thon3 |thổn=thon4 |thông=thong1 |thống=thong3 |thốt|thớt=thot3 |thọt=thot6 |thu|thư=thu1 |thù=thu2 |thú|thứ=thu3 |thủ|thử=thu4 |thụ|thự=thu6 |thưa=thua1 |thùa|thừa=thua2 |thuần=thuan2 |thuẫn=thuan5 |thuận=thuan6 |thuật=thuat6 |thúc|thức=thuc3 |thục|thực=thuc6 |thuê=thue1 |thuế=thue3 |thúi=thui3 |thủm=thum4 |thun=thun1 |thung|thưng=thung1 |thùng|thừng=thung2 |thúng=thung3 |thủng=thung4 |thũng=thung5 |thuốc=thuoc3 |thuộc|thược=thuoc6 |thương=thuong1 |thường=thuong2 |thưởng=thuong4 |thượng=thuong6 |thút=thut3 |thụt=thut6 |thùy|thuỳ=thuy2 |thúy|thuý=thuy3 |thủy|thuỷ=thuy4 |thụy|thuỵ=thuy6 |thuyên=thuyen1 |thuyền=thuyen2 |thuyển=thuyen4 |thuyết=thuyet3 |ti=ti1 |tì=ti2 |tí=ti3 |tỉ=ti4 |tị=ti6 |tía=tia3 |tỉa=tia4 |tích=tich3 |tịch=tich6 |tiếc=tiec3 |tiệc=tiec6 |tiêm=tiem1 |tiềm=tiem2 |tiếm=tiem3 |tiệm=tiem6 |tiên=tien1 |tiền=tien2 |tiến=tien3 |tiển=tien4 |tiễn=tien5 |tiện=tien6 |tiếng=tieng3 |tiếp=tiep3 |tiệp=tiep6 |tiết=tiet3 |tiệt=tiet6 |tiêu=tieu1 |tiều=tieu2 |tiếu=tieu3 |tiểu=tieu4 |tiễu=tieu5 |tím=tim3 |tin=tin1 |tín=tin3 |tinh=tinh1 |tình=tinh2 |tính=tinh3 |tỉnh=tinh4 |tĩnh=tinh5 |tịnh=tinh6 |tít=tit3 |tiu=tiu1 |tịu=tiu6 |to|tô=to1 |tò=to2 |tó|tố=to3 |tổ=to4 |tộ=to6 |tòa|toà=toa2 |tỏa|toả=toa4 |tọa|toạ=toa6 |toác=toac3 |toạc=toac6 |toại=toai6 |toan=toan1 |toàn=toan2 |toán|tóan=toan3 |toản=toan4 |toát=toat3 |tóc|tốc=toc3 |tộc=toc6 |tôi=toi1 |tối|tới=toi3 |tỏi=toi4 |tội=toi6 |tom=tom1 |tóm=tom3 |ton|tôn=ton1 |tồn=ton2 |tốn=ton3 |tổn=ton4 |tợn=ton6 |tông=tong1 |tòng=tong2 |tống=tong3 |tổng=tong4 |toòng=toong2 |tốt=tot3 |tra=tra1 |trà=tra2 |trá=tra3 |trả=tra4 |trác|trắc=trac3 |trạc|trặc=trac6 |trách=trach3 |trạch=trach6 |trai=trai1 |trài=trai2 |trái=trai3 |trải=trai4 |trãi=trai5 |trại=trai6 |trâm|trăm=tram1 |tràm|trầm=tram2 |trám|trắm=tram3 |trảm|trẫm=tram4 |trạm=tram6 |trân|trăn=tran1 |trần|trằn=tran2 |trán|trấn=tran3 |trận=tran6 |trang|trăng=trang1 |tràng=trang2 |tráng|trắng=trang3 |trạng=trang6 |tranh=tranh1 |trạnh=tranh6 |trao=trao1 |trào=trao2 |trảo=trao4 |tráp|trấp=trap3 |trập=trap6 |trát=trat3 |trật=trat6 |tràu|trầu=trau2 |trảu|trẩu=trau4 |tre|trê=tre1 |trẻ=tre4 |trễ=tre5 |trẹ|trệ=tre6 |trên=tren1 |treo=treo1 |trèo=treo2 |trẻo=treo4 |tri=tri1 |trì=tri2 |trí=tri3 |trĩ=tri5 |trị=tri6 |trỉa=tria4 |trích=trich3 |trịch=trich6 |triền=trien2 |triển=trien4 |triện=trien6 |triếp=triep3 |triết=triet3 |triệt=triet6 |triêu=trieu1 |triều=trieu2 |triệu=trieu6 |trinh=trinh1 |trình=trinh2 |trịnh=trinh6 |tro=tro1 |trò=tro2 |trớ=tro3 |trỏ|trổ|trở=tro4 |trỗ=tro5 |trọ|trợ=tro6 |tróc|trốc=troc3 |trọc=troc6 |troi|trôi|trơi=troi1 |trời=troi2 |trỗi=troi5 |trờm=trom2 |trõm=trom5 |trộm=trom6 |trôn=tron1 |tròn=tron2 |trón|trốn=tron3 |trọn|trộn=tron6 |trong|trông=trong1 |tròng|trồng=trong2 |trống=trong3 |trọng|trộng=trong6 |trót|trốt=trot3 |trư=tru1 |trù|trừ=tru2 |trú|trứ=tru3 |trữ=tru5 |trụ=tru6 |trưa=trua1 |truân=truan1 |truất=truat3 |trúc|trực=truc3 |trục|trực=truc6 |trúi=trui3 |trụi=trui6 |trung|trưng=trung1 |trùng|trừng=trung2 |trúng|trứng=trung3 |trũng=trung5 |trước=truoc3 |trương=truong1 |trường=truong2 |trướng=truong3 |trưởng=truong4 |trượng=truong6 |trượt=truot6 |trút=trut3 |trụt=trut6 |trừu=truu2 |truy=truy1 |truỵ=truy6 |truyền=truyen2 |truyện=truyen6 |tu|tư=tu1 |tù|từ=tu2 |tú|tứ=tu3 |tủ|tử=tu4 |tụ|tự=tu6 |tua=tua1 |tựa=tua6 |tuân=tuan1 |tuần=tuan2 |tuấn=tuan3 |tuẫn=tuan5 |tuất=tuat3 |túc|tức=tuc3 |tục=tuc6 |tuế=tue3 |tuệ=tue6 |tủi=tui4 |tùm=tum2 |tung|tưng=tung1 |tùng|từng=tung2 |túng=tung3 |tủng=tung4 |tụng=tung6 |tước=tuoc3 |tươi=tuoi1 |tuổi=tuoi4 |tuồm=tuom2 |tương=tuong1 |tường=tuong2 |tướng=tuong3 |tưởng=tuong4 |tượng=tuong6 |tưu=tuu1 |tửu=tuu4 |tựu=tuu6 |tuy=tuy1 |tuỳ|tùy=tuy2 |túy|tuý=tuy3 |tuỷ=tuy4 |tụy|tuỵ=tuy6 |tuyên=tuyen1 |tuyền=tuyen2 |tuyến=tuyen3 |tuyển=tuyen4 |tuyết=tuyet3 |tuyệt=tuyet6 |ty=ty1 |tỳ=ty2 |tý=ty3 |tỵ=ty6 |u|ư=u1 |ừ=u2 |ứ=u3 |ủ=u4 |ưa=ua1 |úa|ứa=ua3 |uân=uan1 |uấn=uan3 |uẩn=uan4 |uất=uat3 |uật=uat6 |úc|ức=uc3 |ục=uc6 |uế=ue3 |úi=ui3 |ủi=ui4 |um=um1 |un=un1 |ùn=un2 |ủn=un4 |ung|ưng=ung1 |ứng=ung3 |ủng=ung4 |ước=uoc3 |ươi=uoi1 |ươm=uom1 |ướm=uom3 |uốn=uon3 |uông|ương=uong1 |uống=uong3 |uổng=uong4 |ướt=uot3 |úp=up3 |út|ứt=ut3 |ụt=ut6 |ưu=uu1 |uy=uy1 |uỳ|ùy=uy2 |uý|úy=uy3 |uỷ|ủy=uy4 |uyên=uyen1 |uyển=uyen4 |uýnh=uynh3 |va=va1 |và=va2 |vá=va3 |vả=va4 |vã=va5 |vác|vắc=vac3 |vạc=vac6 |vách=vach3 |vạch=vach6 |vai=vai1 |vài=vai2 |vải=vai4 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|xoang=xoang1 |xoáy=xoay3 |xóc=xoc3 |xọc|xộc=xoc6 |xoe=xoe1 |xôi|xơi=xoi1 |xới=xoi3 |xởi=xoi4 |xồm=xom2 |xộn=xon6 |xong=xong1 |xót=xot3 |xu=xu1 |xú=xu3 |xử=xu4 |xua|xưa=xua1 |xuân=xuan1 |xuẩn=xuan4 |xuất=xuat3 |xúc|xức=xuc3 |xục=xuc6 |xước=xuoc3 |xương=xuong1 |xuồng=xuong2 |xướng|xuống=xuong3 |xưởng=xuong4 |xung|xưng=xung1 |xứng=xung3 |xuy=xuy1 |xuyên=xuyen1 |xuyết=xuyet3 |xuýt=xuyt3 |y=y1 |ý=y3 |ỷ=y4 |yân=yan1 |yêm=yem1 |yếm=yem3 |yểm=yem4 |yên=yen1 |yến=yen3 |yết=yet3 |yêu=yeu1 |yếu=yeu3 |yểu=yeu4 |#default=![[カテゴリ:テンプレート:vi-sort1にソートキーのデータ未登録]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>ベトナム語及びタイー語ソートキーの左側部分を自動作成するテンプレート。[[カテゴリ:{{vi}}_テンプレート|sort1]]</noinclude> pib4kw7vql41ebf902q7zeryzo7v1eb 10 445002 2279822 2270520 2026-06-06T12:58:34Z M-30722 1202 2279822 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} |á|ả=a |ác=ac |ắc|ặc=c |ách=ach |ái|ải=ai |ám|ảm=am |ầm|ấm|ẩm|ậm=âm |án=an |ấn|ẩn|ẫn=ân |ánh|ảnh=anh |ào|áo|ảo|ạo=ao |áp=ap |ấp|ập=âp |át=at |ất=ât |ắt=ăt |ấu|ẩu=âu |áy=ay |ấy=ây 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|cù|cú|củ|cũ|cụ=cu |cứ|cử|cữ|cự=cư |cúa=cua |cửa|cựa=cưa |cúc|cục=cuc |cức|cực=cưc |cùi|cúi|cũi=cui |cụm=cum |cùn|củn=cun |cùng|cúng|củng=cung |cứng=cưng |cuốc|cuộc=cuôc |cước|cược=cươc |cuối|cuội=cuôi |cười|cưới=cươi |cuổn=cuon4 |cuồng=cuông |cường|cưỡng=cương |cướp=cươp |cụp=cup |cút|cụt=cut |cứt=cưt |cừu|cứu|cửu|cữu|cựu=cưu |dà|dã|dạ=da |đà|đá|đả=đa |dác|dạc=dac |dẳc|dặc=dăc |đạc=đac |đắc|đặc=đăc |dạch=dach |đạch=đach |dài|dái|dãi=dai |đài|đái|đãi|đại=đai |dám=dam |dầm|dấm|dẫm|dậm=dâm |dặm=dăm |đàm|đảm|đạm=đam |đầm|đấm|đẫm|đậm=đâm |đằm|đắm|đẵm=đăm |dàn|dán|dản|dạn=dan |dần|dấn|dẫn|dận=dân |dằn|dặn=dăn |đàn|đán|đản|đạn=đan |đần=đân |đắn|đẵn|đặn=đăn |dàng|dáng|dạng=dang |đáng|đảng|đãng=đang |đằng|đẳng=đăng |dành=danh |đành|đánh|đảnh=đanh |dào|dảo|dạo=dao |đào|đáo|đảo|đạo=đao |dập=dâp |đáp|đạp=đap |đập=đâp |đắp=đăp |dát=dat |dật=dât |dắt=dăt |đạt=đat |đất=đât |đắt=đăt |dàu=dau |dầu|dấu|dẫu|dậu=dâu |dẩư=dâư |đầu|đấu|đẩu|đậu=đâu |dày|dảy|dãy|dạy=day |dầy|dấy|dậy=dây |đày|đáy|đãy=đay |đầy|đấy|đẩy|đẫy|đậy=đây |dề|dễ=dê |đè|đẻ|đẽ=đe |đề|đế|để|đễ|đệ=đê |đếch=đêch |đềm|đếm|đệm=đêm |dèn=den |đèn|đẹn=đen |đền|đến=đên |đèng=đeng |dềnh=dênh |dẻo=deo |đèo|đẽo=đeo |dép|dẹp=dep |đẹp=đep |dệt=dêt |đét=đet |dì|dĩ|dị=di |đì|đĩ=đi |dìa=dia |địa=đia |dích|dịch=dich |đích|địch=đich |điếc=điêc |diễm|diệm=diêm |điềm|điếm|điểm=điêm |diễn|diện=diên |điền|điển|điện=điên |diếp|diệp=diêp |điệp=điêp |diệt=diêt |điệt=điêt |diều|diệu=diêu |điều|điếu|điểu|điệu=điêu |dìm=dim |dính|dỉnh=dinh |đình|đính|đỉnh|đĩnh|định=đinh |dịp=dip |đít|địt=đit |dìu=diu |đỉu=điu |dò|dó=do |dổ=dô |dở=dơ |đò|đó|đỏ=đo |đồ|đố|đổ|đỗ|độ=đô |đỡ=đơ |dọa|doạ=doa |đóa|đoá|đỏa|đoạ=đoa |đoái=đoai |doãn=doan |đoàn|đoán|đoản|đoạn=đoan |đoàng|đoảng=đoang |đoạt=đoat |dọc=doc |dốc=dôc |đốc|độc=đôc |dối=dôi |dời=dơi |đòi=đoi |đồi|đối|đổi|đỗi|đội=đôi |đời|đới=đơi |dồm=dôm |đòm|đóm=đom |dòn|dón|dọn=don |dợn=dơn |đòn|đón=đon |đồn|đốn|độn=đôn |đờn|đớn=đơn |dộng=dông |đòng|đỏng=đong |đồng|đống|đổng|động=đông |dớp=dơp |dốt=dôt |dợt=dơt |đốt|đột=đôt |dú|dũ|dụ=du |dử|dữ|dự=dư |đù|đú|đủ=đu |dừa|dựa=dưa |đùa|đũa=đua |đứa=đưa |duật=duât |dục=duc |dức|dực=dưc |đúc|đục=đuc |đức|đực=đưc |duệ=duê |dùi=dui |đùn=đun |dùng|dũng|dụng=dung |dửng|dừng|dựng=dưng |đùng|đúng=đung |đừng|đứng|đửng|đững|đựng=đưng |dược‎=dươc |được=đươc |đuốc=đuôc |đuổi=đuôi |dưới|đuối=đươi |đượm=đươm |đường=đươn |dường|dưỡng|dượng=dương |đường=đương |dượt=dươt |dụt=dut |dứt=dưt |đụt=đut |đứt=đưt |đũy=đuy |duyệt=duyêt |é=e |ế=ê |ém=em |ếm=êm |ễnh=ênh |ép=ep |fạ=fa |gà|gả|gạ=ga |gái=gai |gạc=gac |gấc=gâc |gạch=gach |gầm|gấm|gậm=gâm |gặm=găm |gàn|gán|gạn=gan |gần=gân |gắn=găn |gàng=gang |gắng=găng |gánh=ganh |gào|gáo|gạo=gao |gập=gâp |gắp|gẳp|gặp=găp |gật=gât |gầu|gấu=gâu |gáy|gảy|gãy=gay |gầy=gây |ghè|ghé|ghẻ|ghẽ|ghẹ=ghe |ghế|ghệ=ghê |ghếch=ghêch |ghém=ghem |ghèng=gheng |ghềnh=ghênh |ghẹo=gheo |ghiềm=ghiêm |gì=gi |già|giá|giả|giạ=gia |giác=giac |giấc=giâc |giặc=giăc |giái|giải|giãi=giai |giám|giảm=giam |giầm|giấm|giẫm=giâm |giằm=giăm |gián|giản=gian |giận=giân |giáng|giảng=giang |giẳng=giăng |giành|giảnh=gianh |giáo|giảo=giao |giáp=giap |giát|giạt=giat |giất=giât |giắt|giặt=giăt |giấu|giậu=giâu |giày=giay |giấy=giây |giẻ=gie |giếc=giêc |giếm=giêm |giềng|giếng=giêng |giết=giêt |giễu=giêu |gìn=gin |giò|gió|giỏ=gio |giồ|giỗ|giộ=giô |giờ|giở=giơ |giòi|giỏi|giọi=gioi |giồi|giối|giổi|giỗi|giội=giôi |giới=giơi |giòn=gion |gióng=giong |giống|giộng=giông |giọt=giot |gít=git |giú|giũ=giu |giừ|giữ=giư |giùa=giua |giữa=giưa |giủng=giung |giuộc=giuôc |giường|giướng=giương |giúp=giup |gở|gỡ=gơ |goạng=goang |góc=goc |gốc=gôc |gòi|gói|gọi=goi |gồi|gội=gôi |gợi=gơi |gồm|gổm=gôm |gớm=gơm |gọn=gon |gọng‎=gong |góp=gop |gộp=gôp |gót=got |gổt|gột=gôt |gù=gu |gửi=gưi |gùng=gung |gừng=gưng |guồng=guông |gượng=gương |hà|há|hả|hạ=ha |hác|hạc=hac |hắc=hăc |hách|hạch=hach |hài|hái|hải|hãi|hại=hai |hàm|hám|hãm|hạm=ham |hẩm=hâm |hàn|hán|hãn|hạn=han |hẩn|hẫn|hận=hân |hằn=hăn |hàng|háng|hạng=hang |hẩng=hâng |hăng|hằng=hăng |hành|hãnh|hạnh=hanh |hào|háo|hảo|hạo=hao |hấp=hâp |hát|hạt=hat |hắt=hăt |hầu|hấu|hậu=hâu |hảy=hay |hè=he |hề|hể|hệ=hê |hèn|hẻm=hem |hẹn=hen |hèo|héo|hẻo|hẹo=heo |hẹp=hep |hết=hêt |hều=hêu |hí|hỉ=hi |hiềm|hiếm|hiểm=hiêm |hiền|hiến|hiển|hiện=hiên |hiếp|hiệp=hiêp |hiệt=hiêt |hiếu|hiểu|hiệu=hiêu |hình=hinh |hít=hit |họ=ho |hồ|hổ|hỗ|hộ=hô |hờ=hơ |hoà|hòa|hoá|hóa|hoả|hỏa|hoạ|họa=hoa |hoắc|hoặc=hoăc |hoạch=hoach |hoài|hoại=hoai |hoàn|hoán|hoãn|hoạn=hoan |hoàng|hoáng|hoảng=hoang |hoằng=hoăng |hoành|hoạnh=hoanh |hoạt=hoat |hoắt=hoăt |hoáy=hoay |hóc|học=hoc |hốc=hôc |hoè=hoe |hỏi=hoi |hồi|hối|hội=hôi |hỡi|hợi=hơi |hòm|hõm=hom |hợm=hơm |hòn=hon |hồn|hổn|hỗn=hôn |hớn|hởn=hơn |hòng|họng=hong |hồng|hống=hông |hóp|họp=hop |hộp=hôp |hợp=hơp |hốt|hột=hôt |hủ|hũ=hu |hùa=hua |huấn=huân |húc=huc |huề|huệ=huê |hủi=hui |hùm=hum |hùng|húng=hung |hứng|hửng|hững=hưng |hước=hươc |huống=huông |hường|hướng|hưởng=hương |hữu|hựu=hưu |huý|hủy|huỷ=huy |huých=huych |huyền|huyễn|huyện=huyên |huyết|huyệt=huyêt |huỳnh=huynh |hỷ=hy |ỉ=i |ích=ich |iến=iên |ỉm=im |ín=in |ính=inh |ít=it |kẻ|kẽ=ke |kề|kế|kể|kệ=kê |kếch=kêch |kễnh=kênh |kéo|kẻo|kẽo|kẹo=keo |kép=kep |két|kẹt=ket |kết=kêt |kều=kêu |khà|khá|khả=kha |khác|khạc=khac |khắc=khăc |khách=khach |khái|khải=khai |khám|khảm=kham |khắm=khăm |khán=khan |khấn|khẩn=khân |khẳn=khăn |kháng|khảng|khạng=khang |khẳng=khăng |khánh=khanh |khảo=khao |khạp=khap |khấp=khâp |khắp=khăp |khát=khat |khất=khât |khấu|khẩu=khâu |kháy|khảy=khay |khẩy=khây |khè|khé|khẻ|khẽ=khe |khề|khế|khể|khệ=khê |khệnh=khênh |khép=khep |khều=khêu |khí|khỉ=khi |khía=khia |khích=khich |khiếm=khiêm |khiền|khiến|khiển=khiên |khiếp=khiêp |khiết=khiêt |khiếu=khiêu |khít|khịt=khit |khíu|khỉu=khiu |khố|khổ=khô |khờ=khơ |khoá|khoả=khoa |khoác=khoac |khoái=khoai |khoán|khoản=khoan |khoáng|khoảng=khoang |khoảnh=khoanh |khóc=khoc |khốc=khôc |khoét=khoet |khói=khoi |khối=khôi |khởi=khơi |khóm=khom |khón=khon |khốn=khôn |khờn=khơn |khỏng=khong |khống|khổng=không |khóp=khop |khớp=khớp |khừ|khứ=khư |khuá|khùa=khua |khuẩn=khuân |khuất=khuât |khuấy=khuây |khúc=khuc |khuếch=khuêch |khuý=khuy |khuyến=khuên |khủng=khung |khước=khươc |khướu=khươu |khứu=khưu |khuyển=khuyên |khuyết=khuyêt |khuỷu=khuyu |kì|kí|kỉ|kĩ|kị=ki |kích|kịch=kich |kiềm|kiếm|kiểm|kiệm=kiêm |kiến|kiện=kiên |kiếng|kiễng=kiêng |kiếp=kiêp |kiệt=kiêt |kiều|kiểu=kiêu |kình|kính=kinh |kíp=kip |kĩu=kiu |kỳ|ký|kỷ|kỹ|kỵ=ky |là|lá|lạ=la |lạc=lac |lặc=lăc |lách=lach |lại=lai |làm|lãm|lạm=lam |lẫm=lâm |lạn=lan |lần|lẫn=lân |lằn=lăn |làng|láng|lãng=lang |lắng|lặng=lăng |lành|lãnh|lạnh=lanh |lão=lao |lạp=lap |lập=lâp |lát|lạt=lat |lật=lât |làu=lau |lầu|lậu=lâu |lầy|lấy=lây |lè|lẽ|lẹ=le |lễ|lệ=lê |lếch|lệch=lêch |lèn|lén|lẻn=len |lệnh=lênh |lèo|léo|lẻo|lẽo=leo |lét|lẹt=let |lết=lêt |lì|lí|lị=li |lìa=lia |lịch=lich |liếng|liệng=liêng |liểp|liệp=liêp |liệt=liêt |liễu|liệu=liêu |lịn=lin |lính|lĩnh=linh |líu|lịu=liu |lò|ló|lõ|lọ=lo |lồ|lố|lổ|lỗ|lộ=lô |lờ|lớ|lở|lỡ|lợ=lơ |loài|loại=loai |loàm=loam |loạn=loan |loảp=loap |loát=loat |lóc=loc |lốc|lộc=lôc |lõi=loi |lồi|lối|lỗi|lội=lôi |lời|lởi|lợi=lơi |lòm=lom |lồm=lôm |lòn|lỏn=lon |lớn=lơn |lòng|lóng|lỏng|lọng=long |lồng|lổng|lộng=lông |lốp|lộp=lôp |lót|lọt=lot |lớt=lơt |lũ=lu |lữ|lự=lư |lúa|lụa=lua |lừa|lứa|lửa|lựa=lưa |luận=luân |luật=luât |lúc|lục=luc |lực=lưc |lùi|lủi=lui |lùm|lúm=lum |lùn|lún=lun |lùng|lúng|lủng|lũng|lụng=lung |lừng|lửng|lựng=lưng |luốc=luôc |lược=lươc |lười|lưới|lưỡi|lượi=lươi |lượm=lượm |luồn=luôn |lườn|lượn=lươn |luồng|luống=luông |lường|lưỡng|lượng=lương |lướt|lượt=lươt |lúp=lup |lụt=lut |lựu=lưu |lũy|lụy=luy |luyến|luyện=luyên |lý=ly |mà|má|mả|mã|mạ=ma |mác|mạc=mac |mắc|mặc=măc |mách|mạch=mach |mài|mái|mải|mãi|mại=mai |mầm=mâm |mắm=măm |màn|mán|mãn|mạn=man |mần|mấn|mẩn|mẫn|mận=mân |mặn=măn |màng|máng|mảng|mãng|mạng=mang |mầng=mâng |mắng=măng |mảnh|mãnh|mạnh=manh |mào|mão|mạo=mao |mạp=map |mấp|mập=mâp |mát|mạt=mat |mất|mật=mât |mắt|mặt=măt |màu|máu=mau |mầu|mấu|mẫu|mậu=mâu |mày|máy|mạy=may |mầy|mấy=mây |mè|mé|mẻ|mẽ|mẹ=me |mễ=mê |mếch=mêch |mềm=mêm |mẻn=men |mến=mên |mèng=meng |mệnh=mênh |mèo|méo|mẹo=meo |mép=mep |mét=met |mệt=mêt |mếu=mêu |mì|mỉ|mĩ|mị=mi |mía|mỉa=mia |mịch=mich |miền|miến|miễn|miện=miên |miếng|miệng=miêng |miết|miệt=miêt |miếu|miễu=miêu |mím|mỉm|mĩm=mim |mìn|mịn=min |mình|mính|mỉnh=minh |míp=mip |mịt=mit |mò|mó|mỏ|mõ=mo |mồ|mổ|mỗ|mộ=mô |mờ|mở|mỡ|mợ=mơ |móc|mọc=moc |mốc|mộc=môc |mỏi=moi |mồi|mối|mỗi|mội=môi |mời|mới=mơi |mồm=môm |mòn|món|mọn=mon |mòng|móng|mỏng=mong |mồng|mống|mộng=mông |móp=mop |mọt=mot |mốt|một=môt |mù|mú|mủ|mũ|mụ=mu |mùa|muá|múa=mua |múc|mục=muc |mức|mực=mưc |mùi|mũi=mui |mũm=mum |mủn|mụn=mun |mùng=mung |mừng=mưng |mười=mươi |muối|muỗi|muội=muôi |muốn|muộn=muôn |mướn|mượn=mươn |muỗng=muông |mường=mương |mướp=mươp |mướt|mượt=mươt |múp=mup |mút=mut |mứt=mưt |mỹ|mỵ=my |nà|ná|nả|nã|nạ=na |nảc=nac |nắc|nặc=năc |nách|nạch=nach |nài|nái|nải|nãi|nại=nai |nạm=nam |nấm|nậm=nâm |nằm|nắm=năm |nàn|nán|nản|nạn=nan |nần|nấn=nân |nằn|nắn|nặn=năn |nàng=nang |nấng=nâng |nắng|nẵng|nặng=năng |nành=nanh |nào|não|nạo=nao |nạp=nap |nấp|nập=nâp |nắp=năp |nát|nạt=nat |náu=nau |nấu|nẩu|nậu=nâu |này|náy|nảy=nay |nầy|nấy|nẩy=nây |nè|né|nẻ=ne |nề|nể|nễ|nệ=nê |ném=nem |nềm|nếm|nệm=nêm |nén=nen |nền|nến=nên |néo=neo |nẹp=nep |nếp=nêp |nét=net |nết=nêt |nếu=nêu |ngà|ngả|ngã=nga |ngác=ngac |ngạc|ngạch=ngach |ngài|ngái|ngãi|ngại=ngai |ngầm|ngấm|ngẫm|ngậm=ngâm |ngắm=ngăm |ngàn|ngạn=ngan |ngần|ngấn|ngẩn|ngận=ngân |ngắn=ngăn |ngàng=ngang |ngành|ngạnh=nganh |ngào|ngạo=ngao |ngáp=ngap |ngấp|ngập=ngâp |ngát|ngạt=ngat |ngất|ngật=ngât |ngắt|ngặt=ngăt |ngầu|ngẫu=ngâu |ngày|ngáy=ngay |ngậy=ngây |nghé|nghẹ=nghe |nghề|nghế|nghễ|nghệ=nghê |nghếch=nghêch |nghẽn|nghẹn=nghen |nghèo|nghẹo=ngheo |nghẹt=nghet |nghì|nghỉ|nghĩ|nghị=nghi |nghĩa=nghia |nghịch=nghich |nghiệm=nghiêm |nghiền|nghiễn|nghiện=nghiên |nghiệp=nghiêp |nghiệt=nghiêt |nghìn|nghĩnh=nghinh |nghịt=nghit |ngó|ngỏ|ngõ|ngọ=ngo |ngổ|ngỗ|ngộ=ngô |ngờ|ngớ|ngỡ=ngơ |ngọa=ngoa |ngoặc=ngoăc |ngoài|ngoái|ngoại=ngoai |ngoạm=ngoam |ngoạn=ngoan |ngoạt=ngoat |ngoắt|ngoặt=ngoăt |ngoáy=ngoay |ngóc|ngọc=ngoc |ngốc=ngôc |ngoẻn=ngoen |ngòi|ngói=ngoi |ngồi=ngôi |ngời|ngợi=ngơi |ngòn|ngón|ngọn=ngon |ngồn|ngổn=ngôn |ngóng|ngọng=ngong |ngỗng=ngông |ngoòng=ngoong |ngọt=ngot |ngột=ngôt |ngủ|ngũ=ngu |ngừ|ngữ|ngự=ngư |ngừa|ngửa|ngựa=ngưa |nguậy=nguây |ngục=nguc |ngực=ngưc |ngùi|ngủi=ngui |ngửi=ngưi |ngủm|ngụm=ngum |ngùn=ngun |ngùng|ngủng=ngung |ngừng=ngưng |ngược=ngươc |nguội=nguôi |người=ngươi |nguồn=nguôn |ngưỡng|ngượng=ngương |ngụp=ngup |ngút|ngụt=ngut |ngụy|nguỵ=nguy |nguyện|nguyễn=nguyên |nguyệt=nguyêt |nhà|nhá|nhã|nhạ=nha |nhác|nhạc=nhac |nhấc=nhâc |nhắc=nhăc |nhái|nhãi|nhại=nhai |nhàm|nhám=nham |nhầm|nhấm|nhậm=nhâm |nhằm|nhắm=nhăm |nhàn|nhãn|nhạn=nhan |nhấn|nhẫn|nhận=nhân |nhằn|nhắn|nhẳn|nhẵn|nhặn=nhăn |nhàng|nhãng=nhang |nhằng|nhẵng|nhặng=nhăng |nhánh=nhanh |nhào|nháo|nhão|nhạo=nhao |nháp=nhap |nhấp|nhập=nhâp |nhát|nhạt=nhat |nhất|nhật=nhât |nhắt|nhặt=nhăt |nhậu=nhâu |nháy|nhảy|nhạy=nhay |nhầy|nhẩy=nhây |nhé|nhẹ=nhe |nhễ=nhê |nhếch|nhệch=nhêch |nhèm|nhẹm=nhem |nhẹn=nhen |nhện=nhên |nhèo|nhéo=nheo |nhép=nhep |nhẹt=nhet |nhì|nhí|nhỉ|nhĩ|nhị=nhi |nhích=nhich |nhiếc=nhiêc |nhiễm|nhiệm=nhiêm |nhiếp=nhiêp |nhiệt=nhiêt |nhiều|nhiễu=nhiêu |nhím=nhim |nhìn|nhịn=nhin |nhính|nhỉnh=nhinh |nhíp|nhịp=nhip |nhít=nhit |nhíu=nhiu |nhỏ|nhọ=nho |nhố|nhổ=nhô |nhờ|nhớ|nhở|nhỡ=nhơ |nhoàm=nhoam |nhoáng|nhoạng=nhoang |nhóc|nhọc=nhoc |nhoi=nhoi |nhồi|nhối=nhôi |nhóm|nhõm=nhom |nhồm|nhổm=nhôm |nhòn|nhón|nhõn|nhọn=nhon |nhốn|nhộn=nhôn |nhờn|nhớn|nhởn|nhỡn=nhơn |nhộng=nhông |nhớp=nhơp |nhót|nhọt=nhot |nhốt=nhôt |nhớt=nhơt |nhú|nhủ|nhũ=nhu |nhữ=như |nhụa=nhua |nhựa=nhưa |nhuần=nhuân |nhuận=nhuân |nhúc|nhục=nhuc |nhức=nhưc |nhuế|nhuệ=nhuê |nhúm=nhum |nhún=nhun |nhũng=nhung |những=nhưng |nhuốc=nhuôc |nhược=nhươc |nhuộm=nhuôm |nhường|nhưỡng|nhượng=nhương |nhút=nhut |nhứt=nhưt |nhuỵ=nhuy |nhuyễn=nhuyên |nì|nỉ=ni |ních|nịch=nich |niềm|niệm=niêm |niết=niêt |nín=nin |nịnh=ninh |níp=nip |nít|nịt=nit |níu=niu |nó|nỏ|nọ=no |nổ|nỗ|nộ=nô |nở|nợ=nơ |noãn=noan |nóc|nọc=noc |nổc=nôc |nòi|nói|nọi=noi |nồi|nối|nổi|nỗi|nội=nôi |nới=nơi |nồm=nôm |nòn|nón|nõn=non |nộn=nôn |nòng|nóng|nọng=nong |nồng|nống|nổng=nông |noỏc=nooc |noọng=noong |nộp=nôp |nốt=nôt |nụ=nu |nữ|nự=nư |nứa|nửa|nữa=nưa |núc=nuc |nức=nưc |núi=nui |núm=num |nùn=nun |nùng=nung |nước=nươc |nuối=nuôi |nướng=nương |nuốt=nuôt |núp=nup |nút=nut |nứt=nưt |nữu=nưu |ố=ô |ớ|ở=ơ |oà=oa |oái|oải=oai |oán=oan |oảng=oang |oành|oánh=oanh |óc=oc |ốc=ôc |ốm=ôm |ón|ỏn=on |ồn|ổn=ôn |ớn=ơn |óng|ỏng=ong |ống=ông |ót=ot |ốt=ôt |ớt=ơt |pả=pa |pài=pai |pắn=păn |phá|phả=pha |phác=phac |phắc=phăc |phách=phach |phái|phải=phai |phàm|phạm=pham |phẩm=phâm |phàn|phán|phản|phạn=phan |phần|phấn|phẫn|phận=phân |phảng=phang |phẳng=phăng |phành=phanh |pháo=phao |pháp=phap |phát|phạt=phat |phắt=phăt |phất|phật=phât |phẫu=phâu |pháy=phay |phè=phe |phế|phệ=phê |phèo=pheo |phép=phep |phẹt=phet |phết=phêt |phếu|phễu=phêu |phỉ|phí=phi |phía=phia |phiếm=phiêm |phiền|phiến|phiện=phiên |phiét=phiet |phiệt=phiêt |phiếu=phiêu |phím=phim |phít=phit |phò|phó=pho |phố|phổ=phô |phở=phơ |phốc=phôc |phối|phổi=phôi |phồn=phồn |phòng|phóng|phỏng=phong |phớt=phơt |phù|phủ|phú|phụ=phu |phúc|phục=phuc |phức=phưc |phún=phun |phúng|phụng=phung |phướn=phươn |phường|phưởng|phượng=phương |phút=phut |pịa=pia |piấu=piâu |pích=pich |pỏi=poi |quà|quá|quả|quạ=qua |quắc=quăc |quách=quach |quái|quải=quai |quán|quản=quan |quần=quân |quặn=quăn |quàng|quáng|quảng=quang |quẳng=quăng |quào=quao |quát|quạt=quat |quật=quât |quày|quảy=quay |quầy|quẫy=quây |què|quẻ|quẽ=que |quế=quê |quéo=queo |quét|quẹt=quet |quết|quệt=quêt |quì|quỉ|quĩ=qui |quít|quịt=quit |quíu=quiu |quốc=quôc |quỳ|quý|qúy|quỷ|quỹ=quy |quyền|quyến|quyển=quyên |quyết|quyệt=quyêt |quỳnh|quýnh=quynh |quýt|quỵt=quyt |rả|rạ=ra |rạc=rac |rắc|rặc=răc |rài|rải=rai |rầm|rậm=râm |rằm|rắm=răm |ràn|rán|rạn=ran |rấn|rận=rân |rằn|rắn|rặn=răn |ràng|ráng|rạng=rang |rằng|rặng=răng |rành|rảnh|rãnh=ranh |rào=rao |rạp=rap |rập=râp |rạt=rat |rầu=râu |rày=ray |rầy=rây |rè|ré|rẻ|rẽ=re |rế|rể|rễ=rê |rèm=rem |rện=rên |rèng=reng |réo|rẻo=reo |rệp=rêp |rét|rẹt=ret |rết=rêt |rì|rỉ|rĩ|rị=ri |rìa|rỉa|rịa=ria |riệt=riêt |rình|rỉnh=rinh |rìu=riu |rỡ=rơ |roạt=roat |róc=roc |roẹt=roet |rồi|rối|rỗi=rôi |rọn=ron |rộn=rôn |rợn=rơn |ròng=rong |rồng|rống|rỗng|rộng=rông |roòng=roong |rớp=rơp |rót=rot |rột=rôt |rù|rủ=ru |rùa|rủa=rua |rửa=rưa |rủc=ruc |rùm=rum |rùn|rún|rủn=run |rùng|rủng|rụng=rung |rừng=rưng |ruồi|ruổi|ruỗi=ruôi |rưới|rưỡi|rưởi=rươi |rườm|rướm=rươm |rướn|rượn=rươn |ruồng|ruỗng|ruộng=ruông |rường=rương |ruột=ruôt |rượt=rươt |rượu=rươu |rút|rụt=rut |rứt=rưt |sà|sả=sa |sắc=săc |sách|sạch=sach |sài|sái=sai |sàm|sám=sam |sầm=sâm |sàn|sán|sản|sạn=san |sắn|sẵn=săn |sàng|sáng|sảng=sang |sắng=săng |sảnh=sanh |sào|sáo|sảo=sao |sáp=sap |sát=sat |sất=sât |sắt|sặt=săt |sáu=sau |sầu|sấu|sậu=sâu |sẩy=sây |sẻ|sẽ=se |sệ=sê |sét=set |sếu=sêu |sì|sí|sĩ=si |sít=sit |sò|sọ=so |sồ|số|sổ|sỗ=sô |sờ|sớ|sở|sợ=sơ |soả=soa |soái=soai |soạn=soan |soạt=soat |sóc=soc |sộc=sôc |sói=soi |sợi=sơi |sớm=sơm |sờn=sơn |sống|sổng=sông |sột=sôt |sù|sú|sủ|sụ=su |sứ|sử|sự=sư |sủa=sua |sứa|sửa|sữa=sưa |suất=suât |súc|sục=suc |sức|sực=sưc |sún=sun |sùng|súng|sủng|sũng=sung |sừng|sửng|sựng=sưng |sướng|sưởng|sượng=sương |suốt=suôt |sứt|sựt=sưt |sửu=sưu |suyễn=suyên |tà|tá|tả|tã|tạ=ta |tác|tạc=tac |tấc=tâc |tắc|tặc=tăc |tách|tạch=tach |tài|tái|tại=tai |tàm|tám|tạm=tam |tầm|tấm|tẩm=tâm |tằm|tắm=tăm |tàn|tán|tản=tan |tần|tấn|tận=tân |táng|tảng|tạng=tang |tầng|tấng=tâng |tằng|tặng=tăng |tạnh=tanh |tào|táo|tảo|tạo=tao |táp|tạp=tap |tập=tâp |tát|tạt=tat |tất|tật=tât |tắt=tăt |tàu|táu=tau |tấu|tẩu=tâu |tẩư=tâư |tày=tay |tẩy|tầy=tây |té=te |tế|tể|tễ|tệ=tê |tèn|tẽn=ten |tềnh=tênh |tẹo=teo |tép=tep |tệp=têp |tết=têt |thà=tha |thác|thạc=thac |thắc=thăc |thạch=thach |thái|thải=thai |thám|thảm=tham |thầm|thẩm|thẫm|thậm=thâm |thắm|thẳm=thăm |thán|thản=than |thần|thận=thân |tháng|thảng=thang |thằng|thắng|thẳng|thặng=thăng |thành|thánh=thanh |tháo|thảo|thạo=thao |tháp=thap |thấp|thập=thâp |thất|thật=thât |tháu=thau |thấu=thâu |thầy|thấy=thây |thề|thế|thể|thệ=thê |thèn|thẹn=then |thẻo|thèo=theo |thết=thêt |thểu=thêu |thí|thỉ|thị=thi |thìa=thia |thích=thich |thiếc=thiêc |thiểm=thiêm |thiền|thiến|thiển|thiện=thiên |thiếp|thiệp=thiêp |thiết|thiệt=thiêt |thiếu|thiểu|thiệu=thiêu |thím=thim |thìn=thin |thình|thính|thỉnh|thịnh=thinh |thò|thỏ|thọ=tho |thố|thổ=thô |thờ|thở|thợ=thơ |thoá|thoả|thỏa=thoa |thoái|thoải|thoại=thoai |thoán=thoan |thoáng|thoảng=thoang |thoắng=thoăng |thoát=thoat |thoắt=thoăt |thóc=thoc |thòi|thói|thỏi=thoi |thồi|thối|thổi=thôi |thời=thơi |thỏm=thom |thốn|thổn=thôn |thờn=thơn |thống=thông |thọt=thot |thốt=thôt |thớt=thơt |thù|thú|thủ|thụ=thu |thứ|thử|thự=thư |thùa=thua |thừa=thưa |thuần|thuẫn|thuận=thuân |thuật=thuât |thúc|thục=thuc |thức|thực=thưc |thuế=thuê |thúi=thui |thủm=thum |thùng|thúng|thủng|thũng=thung |thừng=thưng |thuốc|thuộc=thuôc |thược=thươc |thường|thưởng|thượng=thương |thút|thụt=thut |thùy|thuỳ|thúy|thuý|thủy|thuỷ|thụy|thuỵ=thuy |thuyền|thuyển=thuyên |thuyết=thuyêt |tì|tí|tỉ|tị=ti |tía|tỉa=tia |tích|tịch=tich |tiếc|tiệc=tiêc |tiềm|tiếm|tiệm=tiêm |tiền|tiến|tiển|tiễn|tiện=tiên |tiếng=tiêng |tiếp|tiệp=tiêp |tiết|tiệt=tiêt |tiều|tiếu|tiểu|tiễu=tiêu |tím=tim |tín=tin |tình|tính|tỉnh|tĩnh|tịnh=tinh |tít=tit |tịu=tiu |tò|tó=to |tố|tổ|tộ=tô |tòa|toà|tỏa|toả|tọa|toạ=toa |toác|toạc=toac |toại=toai |toàn|toán|tóan|toản=toan |toát=toat |tóc=toc |tốc|tộc=tôc |tỏi=toi |tối|tội=tôi |tới=tơi |tóm=tom |tồn|tốn|tổn=tôn |tợn=tơn |tòng=tong |tống|tổng=tông |toòng=toong |tốt=tôt |trà|trá|trả=tra |trác|trạc=trac |trắc|trặc=trăc |trách|trạch=trach |trài|trái|trải|trãi|trại=trai |tràm|trám|trảm|trạm=tram |trầm|trẫm=trâm |trắm=trăm |trán=tran |trần|trấn|trận=trân |trằn=trăn |tràng|tráng|trạng=trang |trắng=trăng |trạnh=tranh |trào|trả=trao |tráp=trap |trấp|trập=trâp |trát=trat |trật=trât |tràu|trảu=trau |trầu|trẩu=trâu |trẻ|trẹ=tre |trễ|trệ=trê |trèo|trẻo=treo |trì|trí|trĩ|trị=tri |trỉa=tria |trích|trịch=trich |triền|triển|triện=triên |triếp=triêp |triết|triệt=triêt |triều|triệu=triêu |trình|trịnh=trinh |trò|trỏ|trọ=tro |trổ|trỗ=trô |trớ|trở|trợ=trơ |tróc|trọc=troc |trốc=trôc |trỗi=trôi |trời=trơi |trõm=trom |trộm=trôm |trờm=trơm |tròn|trón|trọn=tron |trốn|trộn=trôn |tròng|trọng=trong |trồng|trống|trộng=trông |trót=trot |trốt=trôt |trù|trú|trụ=tru |trừ|trứ|trữ=trư |truất=truât |trúc|trục=truc |trực|trực=trưc |trúi|trụi=trui |trùng|trúng|trũng=trung |trừng|trứng=trưng |trước=trươc |trường|trướng|trưởng|trượng=trương |trượt=trươt |trút|trụt=trut |trừu=trưu |truỵ=truy |truyền|truyện=truyên |tù|tú|tủ|tụ=tu |từ|tứ|tử|tự=tư |tựa=tưa |tuần|tuấn|tuẫn=tuân |tuất=tuât |túc|tục=tuc |tức=tưc |tuế|tuệ=tuê |tủi=tui |tùm=tum |tùng|túng|tủng|tụng=tung |từng=tưng |tước=tươc |tuổi=tươi |tuồm=tuôm |tường|tướng|tưởng|tượng=tương |tửu|tựu=tưu |tuỳ|tùy|tuý|túy|tuỷ|tụy|tuỵ=tuy |tuyền|tuyến|tuyển=tuyên |tuyết|tuyệt=tuyêt |tỳ|tý|tỵ=ty |ủ=u |ừ|ứ=ư |úa=ua |ứa=ưa |uấn|uẩn=uân |uất|uật=uât |úc|ục=uc |ức=ưc |uế=uê |úi|ủi=ui |ùn|ủn=un |ủng=ung |ứng=ưng |ước=ươc |ướm=ươm |uốn=uôn |uống|uổng=uông |ướt=ươt |úp=up |út|ụt=ut |ứt=ưt |uỳ|ùy|uý|úy|uỷ|ủy=uy |uyển=uyên |uýnh=uynh |và|vá|vả|vã=va |vác|vạc=vac |vắc=văc |vách|vạch=vach |vài|vải|vãi=vai |vạm=vam |vằm=văm |vàn|ván|vãn|vạn=van |vần|vấn|vẩn|vẫn|vận=vân |vằn|vắn=văn |vàng|váng|vảng|vãng=vang |vắng|vẳng=văng |vánh=vanh |vào=vao |váp=vap |vấp=vâp |vát|vạt=vat |vất|vật=vât |vắt|vặt=văt |vầu|vấu=vâu |váy|vảy=vay |vầy|vẩy|vẫy|vậy=vây |vè|vé|vẻ|vẽ=ve |về|vế|vệ=vê |vếch|vệch=vêch |vẹm=vem |vẻn|vẹn=ven |vện=vên |vểnh=vênh |véo|vẹo=veo |vét|vẹt=vet |vết|vệt=vêt |vì|ví|vỉ|vĩ|vị=vi |vía|vỉa=via |vích=vich |việc=viêc |viễn|viện=viên |viếng=viêng |viết|việt=viêt |vịm=vim |vịn=vin |vĩnh|vịnh=vinh |vít|vịt=vit |víu=viu |vò|vó|vỏ|võ|vọ=vo |vồ|vỗ=vô |vờ|vớ|vở|vỡ|vợ=vơ |vóc=voc |vòi=voi |vội=vôi |vời|với=vơi |vòm=vom |vốn=vôn |vỏn=von |vòng|vóng|võng|vọng=vong |vồng=vông |vót=vot |vú|vũ|vụ=vu |vữ=vư |vục=vuc |vức|vực=vưc |vùng|vũng|vụng=vung |vừng|vững=vưng |vườn|vượn=vươn |vưởng|vượng=vương |vuốt=vuôt |vượt=vươt |vút=vut |xà|xá|xả|xã|xạ=xa |xác=xac |xấc=xâc |xách=xach |xàm=xam |xẩm=xâm |xán=xan |xảo=xao |xáp|xập=xap |xát=xat |xấu=xâu |xè|xé|xẻ=xe |xế|xể|xệ=xê |xếch=xêch |xẻng=xeng |xèo|xéo|xẻo|xẽo|xẹo=xeo |xét=xet |xì|xí|xỉ=xi |xích|xịch=xich |xiếc=xiêc |xiết=xiêt |xỉnh=xinh |xít|xịt=xit |xỉu=xiu |xó=xo |xoá|xóa|xoạ|xọa=xoa |xoác=xoac |xoáy=xoay |xóc|xọc=xoc |xộc=xôc |xới|xởi=xơi |xồm=xôm |xộn=xôn |xót=xot |xú=xu |xử=xư |xuẩn=xuân |xuất=xuât |xúc|xục=xuc |xức=xưc |xước=xươc |xuồng|xuống=xuông |xướng|xưởng=xương |xứng=xưng |xuyết=xuyêt |xuýt=xuyt |ý|ỷ=y |yếm|yểm=yêm |yến=yên |yết=yêt |yếu|yểu=yêu |#default={{{1}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ベトナム語及びタイー語ソートキーの右側部分を自動作成するテンプレート。[[カテゴリ:{{vi}}_テンプレート|sort2]]</noinclude> pm056qqjyfb5mx3lfl41tez2k7dge2b 0 457134 2280093 1878038 2026-06-07T05:34:33Z M-30722 1202 2280093 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|9}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|玉篇}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 1zf170lfi2dagqhshlwo6wde9jbu3qa 0 457135 2280091 1878039 2026-06-07T05:33:45Z M-30722 1202 2280091 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|聿|7}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} awz41s6h1slykqdsetzw1f6cjnk88qs 0 457136 2280092 1878040 2026-06-07T05:34:13Z M-30722 1202 2280092 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|心3|7}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|字彙}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 6yucm1p1dpzsyo9h3eakkne9j8af8ca 0 458296 2280073 1969387 2026-06-07T03:01:43Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2280073 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しめつ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しめつ]]}} #[[しにたえる|死に絶える]]こと。 #[[しぬ|死ん]]で[[ほろぶ|滅ん]]でしまうこと。[[絶滅]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{日本語サ変活用}} 11u8fctw1qxt426soj00vscjgqjfn5b 0 472113 2280132 1910997 2026-06-07T06:01:18Z M-30722 1202 2280132 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|广|8}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[古字]]（『古俗字略』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} agw83zxrlqwqb8h6g93js8fuxy9w3t4 0 472114 2280135 1910998 2026-06-07T06:02:15Z M-30722 1202 2280135 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|弓|7}} {{kanji variants|乃}} ===意義=== #「[[乃]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 4m5ytgfq1k5pl5fg4mmxwdwqbyv6e5v 0 481044 2279797 1985181 2026-06-06T12:24:58Z うーむ 129171 2279797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}1=== {{ja-noun|[[さんぐう]]}} #[[三后]]。 ==={{noun}}2=== {{ja-noun|さんのみや}} #[[律令制]]の[[各国]]で[[一宮]]、[[二宮]]に次いで[[格式]]が高いとされた[[神社]]。 7gxrqstdyxnxc3krsihf6tq3pwv2jxe 0 483064 2280107 1989646 2026-06-07T05:48:46Z M-30722 1202 2280107 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|女|3}} ===意義=== #[[女性]]の[[あざな|字名]]に使用された字。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=セン|漢音=セン}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|xian1}} [[Category:{{yue}}|sin1]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xiān]] (xian1) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': sin1 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 95yuztwyiylkti9iehcvl650uj4diuw 0 492219 2280144 2014598 2026-06-07T06:10:49Z M-30722 1202 2280144 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|饣|7}} {{kanji variants|餘}} ===意義=== #「[[餘]]」の[[類推簡化字]]（『{{w|漢語大字典}}』掲載）。 [[カテゴリ:類推簡化字|yu2]] =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 52jzk85da2k029zfz00ax3bpjqvsj3o 0 498133 2280094 2028136 2026-06-07T05:34:52Z M-30722 1202 2280094 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|言|12}} {{kanji variants|肅}} ===意義=== #「[[肅]]」の[[同字]]（『殷周金文集成引得』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} rv76q3q3p8do8wmb6ew12likqcaoc97 0 500034 2280110 2038856 2026-06-07T05:51:20Z M-30722 1202 2280110 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|辰|13}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[本字]]（『{{w|字彙}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} g21gtw5niuu92g4t0vqle83bdp0hmqc 0 500035 2280111 2038857 2026-06-07T05:52:07Z M-30722 1202 2280111 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|辰|8}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|玉篇}}』掲載）。 =={{L|za}}== [[Category:古壮字|ndoeng]] *[[ndoeng]] #「[[崬]]」の[[同字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} sya7ylwu0rhm395wiuuuz6oy7fqklla 0 500036 2280113 2038858 2026-06-07T05:52:28Z M-30722 1202 2280113 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|彳|17}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 7lgxzm9q4vs96gt3nhpqkhlnbweqbmw 0 500037 2280114 2038859 2026-06-07T05:52:47Z M-30722 1202 2280114 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|日|12}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 4l2oko6fts4t25rochiw7nb1n835hea 0 500038 2280117 2038860 2026-06-07T05:53:47Z M-30722 1202 2280117 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|臼|12}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|集韻}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} qvzg7veuy4va1cxqg4p6fv92rkmybk6 0 500039 2280118 2038861 2026-06-07T05:54:05Z M-30722 1202 2280118 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|臼|12}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|玉篇}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} odvrx0jghp2bbvaqjy2j9yeampv668n 0 500040 2280121 2038862 2026-06-07T05:55:09Z M-30722 1202 2280121 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|辰|6}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} m9cyvyhrr4ipwe7dt71izfhsnav7ru3 0 500041 2280120 2038863 2026-06-07T05:54:49Z M-30722 1202 2280120 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|辰|6}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[古字]]（『{{w|集韻}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} truajb3oj9506e6zvf958jwqe2lyi1z 0 500042 2280122 2038864 2026-06-07T05:55:27Z M-30722 1202 2280122 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|辰|14}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[籀文]]（『{{w|説文解字}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} dd7k36ig29c1km097mtz4p52mscyexc 0 500043 2280115 2038865 2026-06-07T05:53:07Z M-30722 1202 2280115 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|月|14}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[同字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} frzeiko9va57ctl9jostylxywxac3kd 0 500044 2280116 2038866 2026-06-07T05:53:27Z M-30722 1202 2280116 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|田|7}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[同字]]（『漢字海』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} c9n5d08pc57dgj1abwre4uuwxxel6dl 0 500045 2280123 2038867 2026-06-07T05:55:46Z M-30722 1202 2280123 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|厂|11}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[同字]]（『{{w|玉篇}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} l9bohes9vwnfki9kgd43cwjo6x2yjrq 0 500046 2280124 2038868 2026-06-07T05:56:09Z M-30722 1202 2280124 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|艸3|7}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[同字]]（『住民基本台帳ネットワーク漢字辞典』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 17lbk8wk67jsh9fx86qk4qm4tcp6pre 0 500047 2280119 2038869 2026-06-07T05:54:26Z M-30722 1202 2280119 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|艸4|8}} {{kanji variants|農}} ===意義=== #「[[農]]」の[[譌字]]（『{{w|康熙字典}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} fuzor940k9zghva00nf5r5jxclysxih 0 501281 2280309 2065417 2026-06-07T11:31:50Z M-30722 1202 2280309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かんそう|かんぞう|がんそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[贋造]]】[[偽造]]。 *【[[龕像]]】[[仏像]]の一種。 8bqavaz5mcw2q3tunzsuvnap203yixy 0 509375 2279940 2135880 2026-06-06T19:42:02Z RoKouKok 112415 2279940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{デフォルトソート:U+20B36}} ==漢字== {{kanji|又|5}} === 字源 === *[[形声]]。「[[帚]] {{phoneme|*TSU}}」+「[[又]]」。「[[はく]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[掃]] {{phoneme|*sˤuʔ}}｝を表す字。もと「帚」が｛掃｝を表す字であったが、「又」を加えた。のち[[仮借]]して「[[おかす]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[侵]]{{phoneme|*tsʰəm}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">{{Cite book|和書|author=陳劍|title=釋“由*”|series=出土文獻與古文字研究・第3輯|publisher=復旦大學出版社|year=2010|pages=73}}</ref> {{字源}} ====参考文献==== <references group="字源" /> === 意義 === =={{L|za}}== [[Category:古壮字|caemh]] '''ローマ字表記''' *[[caemh]] #「[[𭆰]]」の[[同字]]。 *[[caemz]] #「（⿰亻𡬶）」の[[同字]]。 #「[[𠜘]]」の[[同字]]。 *[[cimq]] #（後ろに[[𠮭]]を付けて）[[斟酌]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|cns=15-2343}} {{検字|倉頡=SMBE|四角=1740.7}} 4f4pdvrnour9qpi3rvrm5j29ofd2m8o 0 510023 2280168 2059260 2026-06-07T06:51:10Z M-30722 1202 2280168 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ハングル== {{ハングル|ㅈ|ㅏ|ㅁ}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} #{{おくりがな2|眠|ねむ|り|ねむり}}、[[睡眠]]。 {{ko-h|簪}} #[[かんざし]]。 {{ko-h|箴}} #[[箴言]]、{{おくりがな2|戒|いまし|め|いましめ}}。 #箴言を記した[[韻文]]。 ===漢字音=== [[カテゴリ:{{ko}}_漢字音]] [[岑]][[暫]][[潛]][[箴]][[簪]][[蠶]] =={{コード}}== {{ハングルコード|C0E1}} 0c3bzalzc10sfyyl6xfuu2onos98zon 0 510574 2280057 2112001 2026-06-07T01:55:41Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 /* {{L|en}} */ 2280057 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{context|vulgar|lang=en}} {{ふりがな|糞|くそ}}。[[大便]]。 #{{context|vulgar|lang=en}} (比喩的に) {{ふりがな|糞|くそ}}。[[くだらない]]物。 ===={{idiom}}==== *[[holy shit]]（なんてこった、なんてことだ） ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj|shitter|shittest}} #{{context|vulgar|lang=en}} {{ふりがな|糞|くそ}}の。[[くだらない]]。 #* What a '''shit''' game!　　なんて'''糞'''ゲーだ！ ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|shits|shitting|shat}} #{{context|vulgar|lang=en}} {{ふりがな|糞|くそ}}する。[[大便]]をする。 sa0rinxs0prc7rdgz7w9f14lgqb7fl7 10 511827 2279886 2217608 2026-06-06T14:24:31Z M-30722 1202 2279886 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{1}}}<!-- -->|愛知=[[w:愛知県|愛知]]<!-- -->|アイルランド英語|アイルランド|IE|Ireland=[[w:アイルランド英語|アイルランド英語]]<!-- -->|青森=[[w:青森県|青森]]<!-- -->|秋田=[[w:秋田県|秋田]]<!-- -->|アキテーヌ|アキテーヌ地域圏|Aquitaine=[[w:アキテーヌ地域圏|アキテーヌ]]<!-- -->|アシュケナジム式|アシュケナジム|Ashkenazi=[[w:アシュケナジム式ヘブライ語|アシュケナジム式]]<!-- -->|アヌシー|Annecy=[[w:アヌシー|アヌシー]]<!-- -->|アメリカ英語|米|US=[[w:アメリカ英語|アメリカ英語]]<!-- -->|廈門方言|廈門|アモイ|Xiamen=[[:en:w:Amoy dialect|廈門方言]]<!-- -->|アラン諸島|アラン|Aran=[[w:アラン諸島|アラン諸島]]<!-- -->|アルザス|アルザス地域圏|Alsace=[[w:アルザス地域圏|アルザス地域圏]]<!-- -->|アルスター|Ulster=[[w:アルスター|アルスター]]<!-- -->|アルスター英語|NI|Nothern Ireland=[[:en:w:Ulster English|アルスター英語]]<!-- -->|アンマン|Amman=[[w:アンマン|アンマン]]<!-- -->|イェ方言|Ijekavian=[[w:シュト方言#ヤトの変化|イェ方言]]<!-- -->|イエメン式|Yemenite Hebrew=[[w:イエメン式ヘブライ語|イエメン式]]<!-- -->|イギリス英語|英|UK=[[w:イギリス英語|イギリス英語]]<!-- -->|石川=[[w:石川県|石川]]<!-- -->|イタロ・西ロマンス祖語|Proto-Italo-Western-Romance=[[w:イタロ・西ロマンス語|イタロ・西ロマンス祖語]]<!-- -->|一般米語|GA|GenAm=[[w:一般米語|一般米語]]<!-- -->|茨城=[[w:茨城県|茨城]]<!-- -->|イベリアポルトガル語=[[w:イベリアポルトガル語|イベリアポルトガル語]]<!-- -->|イラクヘブライ語|Iraqi Hebrew=イラクヘブライ語<!-- -->|イラン・ペルシア語|イラン|IR|Iran=[[:en:w:Iranian Persian|イラン・ペルシア語]]<!-- -->|イル＝ド＝フランス|Île-de-France=[[w:イル＝ド＝フランス地域圏|イル＝ド＝フランス]]<!-- -->|岩手=[[w:岩手県|岩手]]<!-- -->|インド|India=[[w:インド|インド]]<!-- -->|インド英語|InE=[[w:インド英語|インド英語]]<!-- -->|ヴァラダール|Vallader=[[:en:w:Vallader dialect|ヴァラダール]]<!-- -->|ヴァレー|ヴァレー州|canton du Valais|conton du Valais|Valais=[[w:ヴァレー州|ヴァレー]]<!-- -->|ヴァンデ|Vendée=[[w:ヴァンデ県|ヴァンデ]]<!-- -->|ヴィヘン|Wijchen=[[:en:w:Wijchen|ヴィヘン]]<!-- -->|ウェールズ英語|Wales=[[w:ウェールズ英語|ウェールズ英語]]<!-- -->|ヴォージュ|Vosges=[[w:ヴォージュ山脈|ヴォージュ]]<!-- -->|ウォーターフォード|Waterford=[[w:ウォーターフォード|ウォーターフォード]]<!-- -->|ウランバートル|Ulaanbaatar|Ulanbator=[[w:ウランバートル|ウランバートル]]<!-- -->|愛媛=[[w:愛媛県|愛媛]]<!-- -->|エロー|Hérault=[[w:エロー県|エロー]]<!-- -->|大分=[[w:大分県|大分]]<!-- -->|オーヴェルニュ|オーヴェルニュ地域圏|Auvergne=[[w:オーヴェルニュ地域圏|オーヴェルニュ地域圏]]<!-- -->|大阪=[[w:大阪府|大阪]]<!-- -->|オーストラリア英語|豪|AU|AuE|AusE|Australia|General Australian=[[w:オーストラリア英語|オーストラリア英語]]<!-- -->|オーストリア|Austria=[[w:オーストリア|オーストリア]]<!-- -->|オード|オード県|Aude=[[w:オード県|オード]]<!-- -->|岡山=[[w:岡山県|岡山]]<!-- -->|沖縄=[[w:沖縄県|沖縄]]<!-- -->|オクスフォード式綴り|オクスフォード式|Oxford spelling=[[w:オクスフォード式綴り|オクスフォード式綴り]]<!-- -->|オタワ・バレー|Ottawa Valley=[[:en:Ottawa Valley|オタワ・バレー]]<!-- -->|オランダ|蘭|Netherlands|NL|Pays Bas=[[w:オランダ|オランダ]]<!-- -->|ガーナ英語|Ghanaian=[[:en:w:Ghanaian English|ガーナ英語]]<!-- -->|カイピラ|Caipira=カイピラ<!-- -->|香川=[[w:香川県|香川]]<!-- -->|河口域英語|ロンドン|London=[[w:河口域英語|河口域英語]]<!-- -->|鹿児島|Kagoshima=[[w:鹿児島県|鹿児島]]<!-- -->|ガスコーニュ語|ガスコーニュ|Gascon=[[w:ガスコーニュ語|ガスコーニュ語]]<!-- -->|カスティリア方言|カスティリア|Castilian=[[:en:w:Castilian Spanish|カスティリア方言]]<!-- -->|神奈川=[[w:神奈川県|神奈川]]<!-- -->|カナダ|加|CA|CanE|Canada=[[w:カナダ|カナダ]]<!-- -->|カネ＝タン＝ルシヨン|Canet-en-Roussillon=[[w:カネ＝タン＝ルシヨン|カネ＝タン＝ルシヨン]]<!-- -->|カブスタニー|Cabestany=[[:en:w:Cabestany|カブスタニー]]<!-- -->|カリオカ|Carioca=[[:en:w:Carioca|カリオカ]]<!-- -->|ガリツィア・イディッシュ語|ガリツィア|Galitzish=[[:en:w:Yiddish dialects#Eastern Yiddish|ガリツィア・イディッシュ語]]<!-- -->|カリフォルニア|California=[[w:カリフォルニア州|カリフォルニア]]<!-- -->|カリフォルニア南部|Southern California=カリフォルニア南部<!-- -->|カリフォルニア北部|Northern California=カリフォルニア北部<!-- -->|北イングランド英語|北イングランド|英北部|Northern England=[[:en:w:English language in Northern England|北イングランド英語]]<!-- -->|北ウェールズ|cy-N|North Wales=[[w:北ウェールズ|北ウェールズ]]<!-- -->|北中西部|Upper Midwestern US=[[w:北中西部|北中西部]]<!-- -->|北ポルトガル語|Northern Portugal=[[:en:w:Northern_Portuguese|北ポルトガル]]<!-- -->|岐阜=[[w:岐阜県|岐阜]]<!-- -->|教会ラテン語|Ecclesiastical=[[w:教会ラテン語|教会ラテン語]]<!-- -->|強勢有り|強勢あり|stressed=[[強勢]]有り<!-- -->|強勢無し|強勢なし|unstressed=[[強勢]]無し<!-- -->|京都=[[w:京都府|京都]]<!-- -->|クイーンズランド|Queensland=[[w:クイーンズランド州|クイーンズランド]]<!-- -->|クールマイユール|Courmayeur=[[w:クールマイユール|クールマイユール]]<!-- -->|クタンス|Coutances=[[w:クタンス|クタンス]]<!-- -->|熊本=[[w:熊本県|熊本]]<!-- -->|グルノーブル|Grenoble=[[w:グルノーブル|グルノーブル]]<!-- -->|クロアチア|Croatia=[[w:クロアチア|クロアチア]]<!-- -->|群馬=[[w:群馬県|群馬]]<!-- -->|京阪=[[w:京阪式アクセント|京阪式]]<!-- -->|ケダ州|ケダ|Kedah=[[w:ケダ州|ケダ州]]<!-- -->|ケニア|Kenya=[[w:ケニア|ケニア]]<!-- -->|ケベック|ケベック州|Quebec=[[w:ケベック州|ケベック]]<!-- -->|ケリー|Kerry=[[:en:w:Gaeltacht#Kerry Gaeltacht|ケリー]]<!-- -->|現代ヘブライ語|IL|イスラエル現代ヘブライ語|Modern Israeli=[[w:ヘブライ語#現代ヘブライ語|現代ヘブライ語]]<!-- -->|後期コーンウォール語|Revived Late Cornish|RLC=後期コーンウォール語<!-- -->|後期中英語|Late ME=後期中英語<!-- -->|コー|Pays de Caux=[[w:コー|コー]]<!-- -->|コーク|Cork=[[w:コーク (アイルランド)|コーク]]<!-- -->|高知=[[w:高知県|高知]]<!-- -->|ゴールウェイ|Galway=[[w:ゴールウェイ|ゴールウェイ]]<!-- -->|黒人英語|AAVE=[[w:黒人英語|黒人英語]]<!-- -->|コックニー|Cockney=[[w:コックニー|コックニー]]<!-- -->|ゴットランド|ゴトランド|Gotland=[[w:ゴットランド島|ゴットランド]]<!-- -->|古典ペルシャ語|Classical Persian=[[w:en:Persian_language#Classical_Persian|古典ペルシャ語]]<!-- -->|古典ラテン語|Classical=[[w:古典ラテン語|古典ラテン語]]<!-- -->|コナータカーティ|Konartakhteh=[[w:en:Konartakhteh|コナータカーティ]]<!-- -->|コネチカット|コネチカット州|Connecticut=[[w:コネチカット州|コネチカット]]<!-- -->|コネマラ|コネマラ山地|Connemara=[[w:コネマラ山地|コネマラ]]<!-- -->|コノート|Connacht=[[w:コノート|コノート]]<!-- -->|コルニモン|Cornimont=[[:en:w:Cornimont|コルニモン]]<!-- -->|コロンビア|Colombia=[[:w:コロンビア|コロンビア]]<!-- -->|埼玉=[[w:埼玉県|埼玉]]<!-- -->|佐賀=[[w:佐賀県|佐賀]]<!-- -->|サンクトペテルブルク|Saint Petersburg|Sankt-Peterburg=[[w:サンクトペテルブルク|サンクトペテルブルク]]<!-- -->|サウス・イースト・イングランド|South East England==[[w:サウス・イースト・イングランド|サウス・イースト・イングランド]]<!-- -->|サン＝テティエンヌ|Saint-Étienne=[[w:サン＝テティエンヌ|サン＝テティエンヌ]]<!-- -->|サンパウロ|São Paulo=[[w:サンパウロ|サンパウロ]]<!-- -->|サン＝モーリス＝ド＝ベノ|Saint-Maurice-de-Beynost=[[:fr:w:Saint-Maurice-de-Beynost|サン＝モーリス＝ド＝ベノ]]<!-- -->|サン＝ローラン＝ド＝セルダン|Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans=[[w:サン＝ローラン＝ド＝セルダン|サン＝ローラン＝ド＝セルダン]]<!-- -->|シーラーズ|Shiraz=[[w:シーラーズ|シーラーズ]]<!-- -->|歯音前進|th-fronting=[[w:歯音前進|歯音前進]]<!-- -->|滋賀=[[w:滋賀県|滋賀]]<!-- -->|静岡=[[w:静岡県|静岡]]<!-- -->|詩的|poetic=[[詩的]]<!-- -->|島根=[[w:島根県|島根]]<!-- -->|ジャージー|ジャージー語|ジャージー島|ジャージー島語|Jersey=[[w:ジャージー語|ジャージー]]<!-- -->|シャウィニガン|Shawinigan=[[w:シャウィニガン|シャウィニガン]]<!-- -->|漳州方言|漳州|Zhangzhou=[[:en:w:Zhangzhou dialects|漳州方言]]<!-- -->|初期近代英語|Early Modern|Early Modern English=[[w:初期近代英語|初期近代英語]]<!-- -->|初期中英語|Early ME=初期中英語<!-- -->|ジョホール・セランゴール|Johor-Selangor=[[w:ジョホール州|ジョホール]]・[[w:セランゴール州|セランゴール]]<!-- -->|ジョホール・リアウ|Johor-Riau=[[w:ジョホール州|ジョホール]]・[[w:リアウ州|リアウ州]]<!-- -->|シンガポール英語|Singapore=[[:en:w:Singapore English|シンガポール英語]]<!-- -->|スイス|Suisse|Swiss|Switzerland=[[w:スイス|スイス]]<!-- -->|スコットランド英語|Scotland|ScE=[[w:スコットランド英語|スコットランド英語]]<!-- -->|ストゥシルヴァン|Sutsilvan=[[:en:w:Sutsilvan dialects (Romansh)|ストゥシルヴァン]]<!-- -->|ストックホルム|Stockholm=[[ストックホルム]]<!-- -->|スリナム|Suriname=[[w:スリナム|スリナム]]<!-- -->|スルシルヴァン|Sursilvan=[[:en:w:Sursilvan|スルシルヴァン]]<!-- -->|スルミラン|Surmiran=[[:en:w:Surmiran dialect|スルミラン]]<!-- -->|聖書ヘブライ語|hbo|Biblical Hebrew=[[w:聖書ヘブライ語|聖書ヘブライ語]]<!-- -->|西部アメリカ英語|西部アメリカ|Western US=[[:en:Western American English|西部アメリカ英語]]<!-- -->|セスラ|Cesseras=[[:en:w:Cesseras|セスラ]]<!-- -->|セファルムディム式|Sephardi=[[w:セファルムディム式ヘブライ語|セファルムディム式]]<!-- -->|セルビア|Serbia=[[w:セルビア|セルビア]]<!-- -->|セルリング|Söl'ring|Sylt=[[:en:Sylt North Frisian|セルリング方言]]<!-- -->|泉州方言|泉州|Quanzhou=[[w:泉州市|泉州方言]]<!-- -->|ソマン|Somain=[[:fr:w:Somain|ソマン]]<!-- -->|台南方言|台南|Tainan=[[w:台南市|台南方言]]<!-- -->|台北方言|台北|Taipei=[[w:台北市|台北方言]]<!-- -->|太平洋岸北西部|Pacific Northwest=[[w:太平洋岸北西部|太平洋岸北西部]]<!-- -->|ダブリン英語|ダブリン|Dublin|Local Dublin=[[:en:w:Dublin English|ダブリン英語]]<!-- -->|ダリー語|ダリー|Dari=[[w:ダリー語|ダリー語]]<!-- -->|垂井=[[w:垂井式アクセント|垂井式]]<!-- -->|千葉=[[w:千葉県|千葉]]<!-- -->|チャド|Chad|Tchad=[[w:チャド|チャド]]<!-- -->|中世コーンウォール語|Revived Middle Cornish|RMC=中世コーンウォール語<!-- -->|中西部アメリカ英語|Midwestern US=[[:en:w:Midwestern American English|中西部アメリカ英語]]<!-- -->|中部アメリカ英語|中部アメリカ|Midland US=[[:en:Midland American English|中部アメリカ英語]]<!-- -->|ティベリア式|Tiberian|Tiberian Hebrew=[[w:ヘブライ語のティベリア式発音|ティベリア式]]<!-- -->|ティチーノ|ティチーノ語|Ticinese=[[w:ティチーノ語|ティチーノ]]<!-- -->|テキサス英語|テキサス|Texas|TX=[[:en:w:Texan English|テキサス英語]]<!-- -->|テヘラン方言|テヘラン|Tehrani=[[w:テヘラン方言|テヘラン方言]]<!-- -->|デリー|Delhi=[[w:デリー|デリー]]<!-- -->|ドイツ|独|Germany|Allemagne=[[w:ドイツ|ドイツ]]<!-- -->|トゥールーズ|Toulouse=[[w:トゥールーズ|トゥールーズ]]<!-- -->|徳島=[[w:徳島県|徳島]]<!-- -->|栃木=[[w:栃木県|栃木]]<!-- -->|鳥取=[[w:鳥取県|鳥取]]<!-- -->|富山=[[w:富山県|富山]]<!-- -->|長崎=[[w:長崎県|長崎]]<!-- -->|長野=[[w:長野県|長野]]<!-- -->|奈良=[[w:奈良県|奈良]]<!-- -->|南部アメリカ英語|南部アメリカ|Southern US=[[w:南部アメリカ英語|南部アメリカ英語]]<!-- -->|新潟=[[w:新潟県|新潟]]<!-- -->|西アルメニア語|Western Armenian|hy-W=[[w:西アルメニア語|西アルメニア語]]<!-- -->|ニューイングランド|New England=[[:en:New England English|ニューイングランド]]<!-- -->|ニュージーランド英語|NZ|NZE=[[w:ニュージーランド英語|ニュージーランド英語]]<!-- -->|ニュージャージー英語|ニュージャージー|New Jersey=[[:en:w:New Jersey English|ニュージャージー英語]]<!-- -->|ニューブランズウィック州|Nouveau-Brunswick=[[w:ニューブランズウィック州|ニューブランズウィック州]]<!-- -->|ニューヨーク英語|ニューヨーク|New York|NYC=[[:en:w:New York City English|ニューヨーク英語]]<!-- -->|ノーサンブリア王国英語|ノーサンブリア王国|Northumbria=[[w:ノーサンブリア王国|ノーサンブリア王国英語]]<!-- -->|ノルマンディー|Normandie=[[w:ノルマンディー|ノルマンディー]]<!-- -->|バールム|Bærum=[[w:バールム|バールム]]<!-- -->|パウリスタ|Paulista=[[:en:w:Paulista|パウリスタ]]<!-- -->|バトナ|Batna=[[w:バトナ|バトナ]]<!-- -->|ハノイ|Hanoi=[[w:ハノイ|ハノイ]]<!-- -->|ハマダーン|Hamadan=[[w:ハマダーン|ハマダーン]]<!-- -->|パリ|Paris=[[w:パリ|パリ]]<!-- -->|バルセロナ|Barcelona|Barcelone=[[w:バルセロナ|バルセロナ]]<!-- -->|バル＝ドール|Val-d’Or=[[:en:w:Val-d'Or|バル＝ドール]]<!-- -->|バレンシア|Valencia|Valencian=[[w:バレンシア語|バレンシア]]<!-- -->|非R音性|nonrhotic=[[w:英語におけるR音性|非R音性]]<!-- -->|東アルメニア語|Eastern Armenian|hy-E=[[w:東アルメニア語|東アルメニア語]]<!-- -->|ビュリー|Burie=[[:en:w:Burie|ビュリー]]<!-- -->|兵庫=[[w:兵庫県|兵庫]]<!-- -->|広島=[[w:広島県|広島]]<!-- -->|フィラデルフィア英語|フィラデルフィア|Philadelphia=[[:en:w:Philadelphia English|フィラデルフィア英語]]<!-- -->|フィリピン英語|Philippines=[[w:フィリピン英語|フィリピン英語]]<!-- -->|ブーシェフル|Bushehr=[[w:ブーシェフル|ブーシェフル]]<!-- -->|プーター|Puter=[[:en:w:Putèr|プーター]]<!-- -->|フェリング・エームラング|Föhr-Amrum=[[:en:w:Föhr-Amrum|フェリング・エームラング方言]]<!-- -->|福井=[[w:福井県|福井]]<!-- -->|福島=[[w:福島県|福島]]<!-- -->|福岡=[[w:福岡県|福岡]]<!-- -->|ブラジル|伯|Brazil|Brézil=[[w:ブラジル|ブラジル]]<!-- -->|ブラチスラヴァ|Bratislava=[[ブラチスラヴァ]]<!-- -->|フランス|仏|France=[[w:フランス|フランス]]<!-- -->|フランス王国|royaume de France=[[w:フランス王国|フランス王国]]<!-- -->|ブリスベン|ブリズベン|Brisbane=[[w:ブリズベン|ブリズベン]]<!-- -->|ブレティニー＝シュル＝オルジュ|Brétigny-sur-Orge=[[w:ブレティニー＝シュル＝オルジュ|ブレティニー＝シュル＝オルジュ]]<!-- -->|ベアルン|Béarn=[[:en:w:Béarnese dialect|ベアルン]]<!-- -->|ベツレヘム|Bethlehem=[[w:ベツレヘム|ベツレヘム]]<!-- -->|ベネズエラ|Venezuela=[[w:ベネズエラ|ベネズエラ]]<!-- -->|ベルギー|BE|Belgium=[[w:ベルギー|ベルギー]]<!-- -->|ヘルゴラント|Heligoland=[[:en:w:Heligoland Frisian|ヘルゴラント方言]]<!-- -->|ベルリン|Berlin=[[w:ベルリン|ベルリン]]<!-- -->|ホーチミン市|Ho Chi Minh City|Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville=[[w:ホーチミン市|ホーチミン]]<!-- -->|北部アメリカ英語|北部アメリカ|Northern US=[[:en:Northern American English|北部アメリカ英語]]<!-- -->|北部中英語|Northern ME=北部中英語<!-- -->|ボストン|Boston=[[w:ボストン|ボストン]]<!-- -->|ボスニア|Bosnia=[[w:ボスニア|ボスニア]]<!-- -->|北海道=[[w:北海道|北海道]]<!-- -->|ポルト|Porto=[[w:ポルト|ポルト]]<!-- -->|ポルトガル|葡|Portugal|PT=[[w:ポルトガル|ポルトガル]]<!-- -->|マシー|Massy=[[w:マシー (エソンヌ県)|マシー]]<!-- -->|マシュハド|Mashhad=[[w:マシュハド|マシュハド]]<!-- -->|マレーシア|Malaysia=[[w:マレーシア|マレーシア]]<!-- -->|マンスター|Munster=[[w:マンスター|マンスター]]<!-- -->|三重=[[w:三重県|三重]]<!-- -->|南アーガイル|South Argyll=南アーガイル<!-- -->|南アジア英語|South Asian English|Indic=[[:en:w:South Asian English|南アジア英語]]<!-- -->|南アフリカ英語|南アフリカ|SAE|South Africa=[[w:南アフリカ英語|南アフリカ英語]]<!-- -->|南イングランド英語|南イングランド|英南部|Southern England=[[:en:w:English language in Southern England|南イングランド英語]]<!-- -->|南ウェールズ|cy-S|South Wales=[[w:南ウェールズ|南ウェールズ]]<!-- -->|南オンタリオ|Southern Ontario=[[:en:Southern Ontario|南オンタリオ]]<!-- -->|宮城=[[w:宮城県|宮城]]<!-- -->|宮崎=[[w:宮崎県|宮崎]]<!-- -->|ミュルーズ|Mulhouse=[[w:ミュルーズ|ミュルーズ]]<!-- -->|ムンツェンハイム|Muntzenheim=[[:en:w:Muntzenheim|ムンツェンハイム]]<!-- -->|メイヨー|Mayo=[[w:メイヨー県|メイヨー]]<!-- -->|モーリング|Bökingharde|Mooring=[[:en:w:Bökingharde North Frisian|モーリング方言]]<!-- -->|モスクワ|Moscow=[[w:モスクワ|モスクワ]]<!-- -->|モンテネグロ|Montenegro=[[w:モンテネグロ|モンテネグロ]]<!-- -->|モンプイヤン|Montpouillan=[[:fr:w:Montpouillan|モンプイヤン]]<!-- -->|ヤウアー|Jauer=[[:en:w:Jauer|ヤウアー]]<!-- -->|ヤズド|Yazd=[[w:ヤズド|ヤズド]]<!-- -->|山形=[[w:山形県|山形]]<!-- -->|山口=[[w:山口県|山口]]<!-- -->|山梨=[[w:山梨県|山梨]]<!-- -->|容認発音|RP=[[w:容認発音|容認発音]]<!-- -->|ラ・アーグ|La Hague=[[w:ラ・アーグ|ラ・アーグ]]<!-- -->|ラテンアメリカ|Latin America=[[w:ラテンアメリカ|ラテンアメリカ]]<!-- -->|ラマッラー|Ramallah=[[w:ラマッラー|ラマッラー]]<!-- -->|ランカシャー英語|ランカシャー|Lancashire=[[:en:w:Lancashire dialect|ランカシャー英語]]<!-- -->|ラングドック|Languedocien=[[w:ラングドック|ラングドック]]<!-- -->|ランス|Reims=[[w:ランス (マルヌ県)|ランス]]<!-- -->|リアウ・リンガ|Riau-Lingga=[[w:リアウ州|リアウ]]・[[w:リンガ諸島州|リンガ]]<!-- -->|リオデジャネイロ|Rio de Janeiro=[[:en:w:Carioca#Sociolect|リオデジャネイロ]]<!-- -->|リトアニア・イディッシュ語|Litvish=[[:en:w:Yiddish dialects#Eastern Yiddish|リトアニア・イディッシュ語]]<!-- -->|リヨン|Lyon=[[w:リヨン|リヨン]]<!-- -->|ルイジアナ|Louisiana=[[w:ルイジアナ州|ルイジアナ]]<!-- -->|ローザンヌ|Lausanne=[[w:ローザンヌ|ローザンヌ]]<!-- -->|ロード|al-Lidd=[[w:ロード (イスラエル)|ロード]]<!-- -->|ロサンゼルス|Los Angeles=[[w:ロサンゼルス|ロサンゼルス]]<!-- -->|ロマンシュ・グリシュン|Rumantsch Grischun=[[:en:w:Romansch language#Rumantsch Grischun|ロマンシュ・グリシュン]]<!-- -->|ロマンス祖語|Proto-Romance=[[:en:w:Proto-Romance language|ロマンス祖語]]<!-- -->|和歌山=[[w:和歌山県|和歌山]]<!-- -->|ンジャメナ|N'Djaména=[[w:ンジャメナ|ンジャメナ]]<!-- -->|cheer-chair=[[:en:w:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/#Near–square merger|cheer-chair混合]]<!-- -->|classical=古典<!-- -->|colloquial|informal=口語<!-- -->|cot-caught=[[:en:w:Cot–caught merger|cot-caught混合]]<!-- -->|dated=古用法<!-- -->|dialectal=方言<!-- -->|Eastern=東部<!-- -->|fair-fur=[[:en:w:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/#Square–nurse merger|fair-fur混合]]<!-- -->|formal=格式ばった表現<!-- -->|horse-hoarse=[[:en:w:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/#Horse–hoarse merger|horse-hoarse混合]]<!-- -->|hurry-furry=[[:en:w:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/#Hurry–furry merger|hurry-furry混合]]<!-- -->|late=後期<!-- -->|literary=文章語<!-- -->|Mary–marry–merry=[[:en:w:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/#Mary–marry–merry merger|Mary–marry–merry混合]]<!-- -->|Merry–Murray=[[:en:w:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/#Merry–Murray merger|Merry–Murray merger混合]]<!-- -->|meet-meat=[[:en:w:Phonological history of English close front vowels#Meet-meat merger|Meet-meat混合]]<!-- -->|Nordestino=ブラジル北東部<!-- -->|Obsolete|obsolete=廃用<!-- -->|Others=その他<!-- -->|pin-pen=[[:en:w:Phonological history of English close front vowels#Pin-pen merger|Pin-pen混合]]<!-- -->|rhotic=[[w:英語におけるR音性|R音性]]<!-- -->|South Brazil|Southern Brazil=ブラジル南部<!-- -->|South Portugal|Southern Portugal=ポルトガル南部<!-- -->|Standard|standard=標準<!-- -->|thank-think=[[:en:w:Phonological history of English close front vowels#Thank–think merger|thank–think混合]]<!-- -->|Western=西部<!-- -->|Western Trentino=トレント西部<!-- -->|#default={{{1}}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:アクセント|data]]</noinclude> c1f9jdmsmawnpxj1bsbytqymkv65eks 0 512219 2280171 2181064 2026-06-07T06:53:11Z M-30722 1202 2280171 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|丿|5}} {{kanji variants|堆=[[正字]]|㠯=[[同字]]|𫡆=[[同字]]}} ===字源=== * 未詳。以下の説がある<ref group="字源">薛培武《釋甲骨文與“臀”相關之字》『第九届中国文字発展論壇論文集』中州古籍出版社、2024年、261頁。</ref>。 ** [[象形文字|象形]]。建造物の基礎を象る。「[[うずたかい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[堆]] {{phoneme|*tˤui}}｝を表す字。 ** 象形。人の臀部を象る。「[[しり]]」を意味する漢語｛[[脽]] {{phoneme|*dui}}｝または｛[[臀]] {{phoneme|*dˤun}}｝を表す字。 ** [[甲骨文字]]では「[[軍隊]]」を意味する漢語｛[[師]] {{phoneme|*sri}}｝に使われるが、音韻関係は不明。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #「[[堆]]」の[[本字]]（『{{w|正字通}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} asgx0h0jtq52imcq33723nspnv9a6tc 0 518624 2279925 2079037 2026-06-06T15:23:15Z 鍼灸 112313 2279925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ぞくしん|ぞくじん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[促進]]】：滞りなく進むように促すこと。 *【[[測深]]】：深さを測ること。 *【[[即身]]】：生身の体。 *【[[即心]]】：迷いのある心そのまま。 *【[[惻心]]】：悼み、憐れむ心。 nsotwzkpc6idbdzrrqqir7s0vfceskc 0 518641 2279926 2079032 2026-06-06T15:23:40Z 鍼灸 112313 2279926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そくしん|ぞくじん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[俗心]]】：名利など世俗的なことに惹かれる心。 *【[[俗信]]】：民間で信仰される宗教的な行為。 *【[[族親]]】：親族。一門。 *【[[賊心]]】：加害、盗み、反逆をしようという心。 *【[[賊臣]]】：反逆の家臣。 *【[[続伸]]】：相場で引き続き上昇すること。 *【[[続審]]】：上級審で引き続き審理すること。 epqx8wb02lv5oco1k10lbd7tmgbbzse 0 519426 2279952 2080958 2026-06-06T23:38:11Z 鍼灸 112313 2279952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしゅう|しょじゅう|じょじゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[女囚]]】：女性の囚人。 *【[[除臭]]】：臭気を除去すること。 *【[[徐州]]】：古代中国の地域。 kuqdcin1053520nj6jqful0kfclvetk 2279953 2279952 2026-06-06T23:39:43Z 鍼灸 112313 2279953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしゅう|しょじゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[女囚]]】：女性の囚人。 *【[[除臭]]】：臭気を除去すること。 *【[[徐州]]】：古代中国の地域。 nprop1tuko68jzqo4psr630cpks2mrl 0 520344 2279865 2082930 2026-06-06T14:07:40Z M-30722 1202 2279865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|きはん|きばん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[偽版]]】偽造された版木。 *【[[儀範]]】手本。 dls9c3zgd1131hgym2nrv1tfjkz8ow9 0 521626 2280055 2134434 2026-06-07T01:20:47Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:mas}} {{also|mas|mas-|-mas|maś|maš|maş|maș|maß|-más|máš|màs|mås|mäs|mäs-}} =={{L|is}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=is|/mauːs/}} *{{rhymes|lang=is|auːs|s=1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{is-noun|n|máss}} #[[浅速]][[呼吸]]。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|is|mása}} =={{L|ga}}== ==={{etym}}1=== ===={{pron}}==== *{{IPA|lang=ga|/mˠɑːsˠ/|/mˠɑːʃ/|a=Munster}} * {{IPA|lang=ga|/mˠaːsˠ/|/mˠaːʃ/|a=Ulster}} ===={{conj}}==== {{head|ga|conjunction}} #[[もし]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|mga|ga}} {{m|mga|más}} < {{etyl|cel-pro|ga}} {{m|cel-pro|*mâsto}} ===={{pron}}==== *{{IPA|lang=ga|/mˠɑːsˠ/|a=Munster,Connacht}} *{{IPA|lang=ga|/mˠaːsˠ/|a=Ulster}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ga-noun|g=m|máis|mása}} #{{context|anatomy|lang=ga}} [[臀部]]。 #{{context|anatomy|lang=ga}} [[もも|腿]]。 ====={{decl}}===== {{ga-decl-m1|m|ás|áis|pl=ása}} ====={{drv}}===== *{{l|ga|másach}}] =====緩音変化===== {{ga-mut}} =={{L|ast}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|ast}} {{m|la|magis}} ==={{adv}}=== {{head|ast|adverb}} #[[さらに]]、[[ますます]]。 #: {{ant|ast|menos}} =={{L|gl}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|gl|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|gl|mao}} =={{L|nhe}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|es|nhe}} {{m|es|más}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|nhe|noun}} #[[大衆]]。 =={{L|hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-más.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|más}} ==={{etym}}=== {{inh|hu|fiu-pro|*mu}} より <!--{{cog|mns-nor|мо̄т||other, second, foreign}}--> {{cog|fi|muu}} ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|abb}} # [[ほか|他]]の、[[別]]の、[[ことなる|異なる]]、[[ちがう|違う]]。(～の点で {{hu-case|ban|pos={{adj}}}}) #: {{syn|hu|különböző|eltérő|másmilyen|másfajta|másféle|más-más|más és más}} #: {{ant|hu|azonos|ugyanaz|egyező|megegyező|egyforma|ugyanolyan}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|máso|o|-}} または(あまり一般的ではない) {{hu-infl-nom|mása|o}}<!-- http://corpus.nytud.hu/cgi-bin/e-szokincs/alaktan?lemma=m%E1s --> ==={{pronoun}}=== {{head|hu|pronoun}} # {{lb|hu|不定代名詞}} 他の[[だれか|誰か]]、他の[[なにか|何か]]。 # {{lb|hu|人や物を指す別の代名詞に続いて}} 他の…、[[そのた|その他]]…。 #: {{uxi|hu|mindenki '''más'''|'''その他'''全員}} #: {{uxi|hu|minden '''más'''|'''その他'''全て}} #: {{uxi|hu|senki '''más'''|'''他に'''誰も…ない}} #: {{uxi|hu|semmi '''más'''|'''他に'''何も…ない}} #: {{uxi|hu|valaki '''más'''|'''他の'''誰か}} #: {{uxi|hu|valami '''más'''|'''他の'''何か}} #: {{uxi|hu|akárki/bárki '''más'''|'''他の'''誰でも}} #: {{uxi|hu|mi '''más'''?|'''他に'''何か？}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|máso|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|más||ai}}<!-- it also used in this sense with possessive suffixes, not only as "doublet", e.g. "nincs másom, mint X" --> ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|mása}} * {{l|hu|másik}} * {{l|hu|másít}} → {{l|hu|megmásít}} * {{l|hu|másként}} * {{l|hu|másképp}}, {{l|hu|másképpen}} * {{l|hu|máskor}} * {{l|hu|második}} * {{l|hu|másol}} * {{l|hu|másság}} * {{l|hu|másunnan}} * {{l|hu|másutt}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== (この項目で始まるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|másállapot}} → {{l|hu|másállapotos}} * {{l|hu|másfajta}} * {{l|hu|másfél}} * {{l|hu|másfelé}} * {{l|hu|másféle}} * {{l|hu|másfelől}} * {{l|hu|másforma}} * {{l|hu|máshogy}}, {{l|hu|máshogyan}} * {{l|hu|máshol}} → {{l|hu|máshollét}} * {{l|hu|máshonnan}}, {{l|hu|máshonnét}} * {{l|hu|máshova}}, {{l|hu|máshová}} * {{l|hu|máskülönben}} * {{l|hu|más-más}} * {{l|hu|másmilyen}} * {{l|hu|másnap}} * {{l|hu|másnemű}} * {{l|hu|másrészről}}, {{l|hu|másrészt}} * {{l|hu|másvalaki}} * {{l|hu|másvalami}} {{bottom}} (この項目で終わるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|alakmás}} * {{l|hu|arcmás}} * {{l|hu|egymás}} * {{l|hu|egy-más}} * {{l|hu|felemás}} * {{l|hu|hasonmás}} * {{l|hu|képmás}} * {{l|hu|névmás}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== {{top}} * {{l|hu|aki másnak vermet ás, maga esik bele}} * {{l|hu|eszi, nem eszi, nem kap mást}} * {{l|hu|más idők, más emberek}} {{bottom}} ==={{seealso}}=== (同一や類似、相違を表す動詞): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|egyezik}}, {{l|hu|megegyezik}} * {{l|hu|eltér}} * {{l|hu|hasonlít}} * {{l|hu|különbözik}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:ErtSz}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} *{{音声|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-más.wav|a=Porto}} * {{rhymes|lang=pt|as|aʃ|ajs|ajʃ|s=1}} *{{homophones|lang=pt|mas|qq1=Brazil|mais|qq2=Brazil}} *{{hyph|pt|más}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|pt|adjective form|g=f-p}} #[[mau]]の女性複数形。 =={{L|mzs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|pt|mzs}} {{m|pt|mais}} ==={{adv}}=== {{head|mzs|adverb}} #[[さらに]]、[[ますます]]。 #{{q|{{l|mzs|di}}と共に}} [[多量]]に。 jore7p5fszkmvaxqpjluih3j5jw8c4n 3 539076 2279849 2234040 2026-06-06T13:42:58Z M-30722 1202 /* スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください */ 2279849 wikitext text/x-wiki == kana-DEFAULTSORTの位置 == [[黄梢]]や[[浩笑]]でkana-DEFAULTSORTを言語見出しの下に置いていますが、デフォルトソートはページ最上部に置くことになっています。（[[Wiktionary:カテゴリの付け方#デフォルトソート]]を参照） 以後、kana-DEFAULTSORTはページ最上部に置くようお願いします。--[[利用者:ら゚いと|ら゚いと]] ([[利用者・トーク:ら゚いと|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:54 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:55 (UTC) ==必須カテゴリ除去の意図== [[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#カテゴリ]]で「カテゴリ:（言語名）」および「カテゴリ:（言語名） （品詞名）」を必須カテゴリとしておりますが、「[[まやー]]」でこれらのカテゴリを除去されたのは何故ですか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:22 (UTC) :知りませんでした。修正します。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:24 (UTC) == スクリプトエラー対処のお願い == * [[利用者:ねこ8/sandbox]] お世話になっております。上記ユーザーページでスクリプトエラーが発生しています。管理上問題がありますので、当該部分を除去するなどしてエラーを取り除いてほしいです。よろしくお願いします。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:33 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:36 (UTC) ::迅速なご対応、ありがとうございました！--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:38 (UTC) ==品詞に関する質問== 姓に関する品詞についての質問ですが、[[伊藤]]と[[佐藤]]が固有名詞である一方、[[工藤]]と[[加藤]]が普通名詞なのはどのような基準で区別されたものなのでしょうか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:25 (UTC) :もう直してあります。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) ::確認しました。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 09:16 (UTC) :はい。今、修正しようとモジュールを作成しましたが、誤って改行を押していまい参考にしたモジュールを要約欄に記入できなかったので削除するようにテンプレートを貼り付けようとしましたが、テンプレートを貼ることもカテゴリを付与することもできないので削除を待っている状態です--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:21 (UTC) ::([[モジュール:yoi-headword|それ]]は[[:w:Wikipedia:ウィキペディア内でのコピー#なぜ帰属表示を付けなければならないか|履歴継承]]の話でしょう、いやそれも問題ではあるのですが...) ::論点はそこではなく、[[特別:差分/2219067|日本語版のテンプレート:ja-pronに不適合の]][[特別:差分/2219068|複合語アクセントを]][[特別:差分/2219075|付けている]]点です。将来的には欲しい（というより、それをしたかったのでテンプレート:ja-acc-multiを仕入れたのだが、エラーばっかりで生憎出せず）ですが、それ以上に「将来的には治るから～」とかいって、エラーを放置してまで今適応させる方が問題です。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:27 (UTC) :::<del>今すぐに発音を削除します。申し訳ございません。</del>^{常にNaggy Nagumoさんにより削除されていました。}--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:30 (UTC) :[[記事]]の与那国語見出しにエラーが出たままになっております。すみやかに解消願います。 --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:42 (UTC) == 半保護テンプレートを消す? == 節名がすべてなので同じことは言いませんが、何のために？--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月25日 (土) 13:33 (UTC) :非常に邪魔で必要ないと思ったので削除しました。日本語版ウィクショナリー以外、保護テンプレートを表示しているのを見たことがありませんし、編集や閲覧の際に邪魔（特にモバイル表示）ですし、このテンプレートがあるとイライラして来ます。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 02:55 (UTC) ::Wiktionaryは編集者間の合意をもとに編集を行なっておりますので邪魔と感じるのであればまず編集室や半保護テンプレートのトークページで提案を行うのが筋ではないでしょうか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 07:19 (UTC) asmv9wgy70mi24vyezsro9karlesbcz 2279852 2279849 2026-06-06T13:48:25Z ふゆくれ 95641 /* スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください */ 返信 2279852 wikitext text/x-wiki == kana-DEFAULTSORTの位置 == [[黄梢]]や[[浩笑]]でkana-DEFAULTSORTを言語見出しの下に置いていますが、デフォルトソートはページ最上部に置くことになっています。（[[Wiktionary:カテゴリの付け方#デフォルトソート]]を参照） 以後、kana-DEFAULTSORTはページ最上部に置くようお願いします。--[[利用者:ら゚いと|ら゚いと]] ([[利用者・トーク:ら゚いと|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:54 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:55 (UTC) ==必須カテゴリ除去の意図== [[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#カテゴリ]]で「カテゴリ:（言語名）」および「カテゴリ:（言語名） （品詞名）」を必須カテゴリとしておりますが、「[[まやー]]」でこれらのカテゴリを除去されたのは何故ですか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:22 (UTC) :知りませんでした。修正します。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:24 (UTC) == スクリプトエラー対処のお願い == * [[利用者:ねこ8/sandbox]] お世話になっております。上記ユーザーページでスクリプトエラーが発生しています。管理上問題がありますので、当該部分を除去するなどしてエラーを取り除いてほしいです。よろしくお願いします。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:33 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:36 (UTC) ::迅速なご対応、ありがとうございました！--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:38 (UTC) ==品詞に関する質問== 姓に関する品詞についての質問ですが、[[伊藤]]と[[佐藤]]が固有名詞である一方、[[工藤]]と[[加藤]]が普通名詞なのはどのような基準で区別されたものなのでしょうか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:25 (UTC) :もう直してあります。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) ::確認しました。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 09:16 (UTC) :はい。今、修正しようとモジュールを作成しましたが、誤って改行を押していまい参考にしたモジュールを要約欄に記入できなかったので削除するようにテンプレートを貼り付けようとしましたが、テンプレートを貼ることもカテゴリを付与することもできないので削除を待っている状態です--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:21 (UTC) ::([[モジュール:yoi-headword|それ]]は[[:w:Wikipedia:ウィキペディア内でのコピー#なぜ帰属表示を付けなければならないか|履歴継承]]の話でしょう、いやそれも問題ではあるのですが...) ::論点はそこではなく、[[特別:差分/2219067|日本語版のテンプレート:ja-pronに不適合の]][[特別:差分/2219068|複合語アクセントを]][[特別:差分/2219075|付けている]]点です。将来的には欲しい（というより、それをしたかったのでテンプレート:ja-acc-multiを仕入れたのだが、エラーばっかりで生憎出せず）ですが、それ以上に「将来的には治るから～」とかいって、エラーを放置してまで今適応させる方が問題です。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:27 (UTC) :::<del>今すぐに発音を削除します。申し訳ございません。</del>^{常にNaggy Nagumoさんにより削除されていました。}--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:30 (UTC) :[[記事]]の与那国語見出しにエラーが出たままになっております。すみやかに解消願います。 --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:42 (UTC) ::[[module:yoi-headword]]を編集して正常化しました。--[[利用者:ふゆくれ|ふゆくれ]] ([[利用者・トーク:ふゆくれ|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:48 (UTC) == 半保護テンプレートを消す? == 節名がすべてなので同じことは言いませんが、何のために？--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月25日 (土) 13:33 (UTC) :非常に邪魔で必要ないと思ったので削除しました。日本語版ウィクショナリー以外、保護テンプレートを表示しているのを見たことがありませんし、編集や閲覧の際に邪魔（特にモバイル表示）ですし、このテンプレートがあるとイライラして来ます。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 02:55 (UTC) ::Wiktionaryは編集者間の合意をもとに編集を行なっておりますので邪魔と感じるのであればまず編集室や半保護テンプレートのトークページで提案を行うのが筋ではないでしょうか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 07:19 (UTC) p03jzn2wrz9i9bxvlsomghb4bivj74f 2279857 2279852 2026-06-06T13:57:37Z M-30722 1202 /* スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください */ 返信 2279857 wikitext text/x-wiki == kana-DEFAULTSORTの位置 == [[黄梢]]や[[浩笑]]でkana-DEFAULTSORTを言語見出しの下に置いていますが、デフォルトソートはページ最上部に置くことになっています。（[[Wiktionary:カテゴリの付け方#デフォルトソート]]を参照） 以後、kana-DEFAULTSORTはページ最上部に置くようお願いします。--[[利用者:ら゚いと|ら゚いと]] ([[利用者・トーク:ら゚いと|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:54 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:55 (UTC) ==必須カテゴリ除去の意図== [[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#カテゴリ]]で「カテゴリ:（言語名）」および「カテゴリ:（言語名） （品詞名）」を必須カテゴリとしておりますが、「[[まやー]]」でこれらのカテゴリを除去されたのは何故ですか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:22 (UTC) :知りませんでした。修正します。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:24 (UTC) == スクリプトエラー対処のお願い == * [[利用者:ねこ8/sandbox]] お世話になっております。上記ユーザーページでスクリプトエラーが発生しています。管理上問題がありますので、当該部分を除去するなどしてエラーを取り除いてほしいです。よろしくお願いします。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:33 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:36 (UTC) ::迅速なご対応、ありがとうございました！--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:38 (UTC) ==品詞に関する質問== 姓に関する品詞についての質問ですが、[[伊藤]]と[[佐藤]]が固有名詞である一方、[[工藤]]と[[加藤]]が普通名詞なのはどのような基準で区別されたものなのでしょうか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:25 (UTC) :もう直してあります。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) ::確認しました。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 09:16 (UTC) :はい。今、修正しようとモジュールを作成しましたが、誤って改行を押していまい参考にしたモジュールを要約欄に記入できなかったので削除するようにテンプレートを貼り付けようとしましたが、テンプレートを貼ることもカテゴリを付与することもできないので削除を待っている状態です--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:21 (UTC) ::([[モジュール:yoi-headword|それ]]は[[:w:Wikipedia:ウィキペディア内でのコピー#なぜ帰属表示を付けなければならないか|履歴継承]]の話でしょう、いやそれも問題ではあるのですが...) ::論点はそこではなく、[[特別:差分/2219067|日本語版のテンプレート:ja-pronに不適合の]][[特別:差分/2219068|複合語アクセントを]][[特別:差分/2219075|付けている]]点です。将来的には欲しい（というより、それをしたかったのでテンプレート:ja-acc-multiを仕入れたのだが、エラーばっかりで生憎出せず）ですが、それ以上に「将来的には治るから～」とかいって、エラーを放置してまで今適応させる方が問題です。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:27 (UTC) :::<del>今すぐに発音を削除します。申し訳ございません。</del>^{常にNaggy Nagumoさんにより削除されていました。}--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:30 (UTC) :[[記事]]の与那国語見出しにエラーが出たままになっております。すみやかに解消願います。 --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:42 (UTC) ::[[module:yoi-headword]]を編集して正常化しました。--[[利用者:ふゆくれ|ふゆくれ]] ([[利用者・トーク:ふゆくれ|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:48 (UTC) :::確認しました、対応ありがとうございます。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:57 (UTC) == 半保護テンプレートを消す? == 節名がすべてなので同じことは言いませんが、何のために？--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月25日 (土) 13:33 (UTC) :非常に邪魔で必要ないと思ったので削除しました。日本語版ウィクショナリー以外、保護テンプレートを表示しているのを見たことがありませんし、編集や閲覧の際に邪魔（特にモバイル表示）ですし、このテンプレートがあるとイライラして来ます。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 02:55 (UTC) ::Wiktionaryは編集者間の合意をもとに編集を行なっておりますので邪魔と感じるのであればまず編集室や半保護テンプレートのトークページで提案を行うのが筋ではないでしょうか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 07:19 (UTC) 13kud2h7qzj92lmddvwzx061l6nahtu 2279859 2279857 2026-06-06T13:59:35Z ねこ8 96106 /* スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください */ 返信 2279859 wikitext text/x-wiki == kana-DEFAULTSORTの位置 == [[黄梢]]や[[浩笑]]でkana-DEFAULTSORTを言語見出しの下に置いていますが、デフォルトソートはページ最上部に置くことになっています。（[[Wiktionary:カテゴリの付け方#デフォルトソート]]を参照） 以後、kana-DEFAULTSORTはページ最上部に置くようお願いします。--[[利用者:ら゚いと|ら゚いと]] ([[利用者・トーク:ら゚いと|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:54 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2025年7月27日 (日) 07:55 (UTC) ==必須カテゴリ除去の意図== [[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#カテゴリ]]で「カテゴリ:（言語名）」および「カテゴリ:（言語名） （品詞名）」を必須カテゴリとしておりますが、「[[まやー]]」でこれらのカテゴリを除去されたのは何故ですか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:22 (UTC) :知りませんでした。修正します。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年1月28日 (水) 12:24 (UTC) == スクリプトエラー対処のお願い == * [[利用者:ねこ8/sandbox]] お世話になっております。上記ユーザーページでスクリプトエラーが発生しています。管理上問題がありますので、当該部分を除去するなどしてエラーを取り除いてほしいです。よろしくお願いします。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:33 (UTC) :分かりました。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:36 (UTC) ::迅速なご対応、ありがとうございました！--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年2月28日 (土) 09:38 (UTC) ==品詞に関する質問== 姓に関する品詞についての質問ですが、[[伊藤]]と[[佐藤]]が固有名詞である一方、[[工藤]]と[[加藤]]が普通名詞なのはどのような基準で区別されたものなのでしょうか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:25 (UTC) :もう直してあります。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) ::確認しました。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年3月29日 (日) 10:26 (UTC) == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください == スクリプトエラーを放置しないでください。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 09:16 (UTC) :はい。今、修正しようとモジュールを作成しましたが、誤って改行を押していまい参考にしたモジュールを要約欄に記入できなかったので削除するようにテンプレートを貼り付けようとしましたが、テンプレートを貼ることもカテゴリを付与することもできないので削除を待っている状態です--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:21 (UTC) ::([[モジュール:yoi-headword|それ]]は[[:w:Wikipedia:ウィキペディア内でのコピー#なぜ帰属表示を付けなければならないか|履歴継承]]の話でしょう、いやそれも問題ではあるのですが...) ::論点はそこではなく、[[特別:差分/2219067|日本語版のテンプレート:ja-pronに不適合の]][[特別:差分/2219068|複合語アクセントを]][[特別:差分/2219075|付けている]]点です。将来的には欲しい（というより、それをしたかったのでテンプレート:ja-acc-multiを仕入れたのだが、エラーばっかりで生憎出せず）ですが、それ以上に「将来的には治るから～」とかいって、エラーを放置してまで今適応させる方が問題です。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:27 (UTC) :::<del>今すぐに発音を削除します。申し訳ございません。</del>^{常にNaggy Nagumoさんにより削除されていました。}--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月23日 (木) 10:30 (UTC) :[[記事]]の与那国語見出しにエラーが出たままになっております。すみやかに解消願います。 --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:42 (UTC) ::[[module:yoi-headword]]を編集して正常化しました。--[[利用者:ふゆくれ|ふゆくれ]] ([[利用者・トーク:ふゆくれ|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:48 (UTC) :::確認しました、対応ありがとうございます。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:57 (UTC) :::修正ありがとうございます。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:59 (UTC) == 半保護テンプレートを消す? == 節名がすべてなので同じことは言いませんが、何のために？--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年4月25日 (土) 13:33 (UTC) :非常に邪魔で必要ないと思ったので削除しました。日本語版ウィクショナリー以外、保護テンプレートを表示しているのを見たことがありませんし、編集や閲覧の際に邪魔（特にモバイル表示）ですし、このテンプレートがあるとイライラして来ます。--[[利用者:ねこ8|ねこ8]] ([[利用者・トーク:ねこ8|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 02:55 (UTC) ::Wiktionaryは編集者間の合意をもとに編集を行なっておりますので邪魔と感じるのであればまず編集室や半保護テンプレートのトークページで提案を行うのが筋ではないでしょうか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 07:19 (UTC) phcy4ugg6ncucyc5ydntkg14okx79xz 0 541062 2280265 2128051 2026-06-07T10:52:57Z 鍼灸 112313 2280265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ふんどう|ぶんとう|ぶんどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}・{{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[はなはだしい|甚だしい]]こと。 ===={{etym}}==== 「[[本当]]」の変化。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語ダ活用}} ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[噴騰]]】勢いよく噴き上がること。 *【[[奮闘]]・[[憤闘]]】力の限り闘ったり努力したりすること。 *【[[粉糖]]】粉砂糖。 4xsk47l06nvts5s5b9hlwtbnb9fzupr 10 541295 2280013 2266509 2026-06-07T01:06:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{check deprecated lang param usage|lang={{{lang|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:form of/templates|form_of_t|{{#if:{{{nodot|}}}|&nbsp;の廃用|&nbsp;の廃用。}}|ignore=POS|withcap=1|cat=廃語}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:文法形態テンプレート]]</noinclude> cifjo0feo86tfonbi4ed1nu4otohyup 0 541789 2280263 2129475 2026-06-07T10:50:46Z 鍼灸 112313 2280263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふんとう|ぶんどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[分党]]】政党が解散して複数の政党に分かれること。 *【[[分頭]]】手分けすること。 *【[[文道]]】文学・学芸の道。 *【[[文闘]]】文章や口頭で闘うこと。 *【[[文頭]]】文章の始めの部分。 jzpwb29ai2l6makrgmvsgfoow1hq4q4 2280264 2280263 2026-06-07T10:52:27Z 鍼灸 112313 2280264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふんとう|ふんどう|ぶんどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[分党]]】政党が解散して複数の政党に分かれること。 *【[[分頭]]】手分けすること。 *【[[文道]]】文学・学芸の道。 *【[[文闘]]】文章や口頭で闘うこと。 *【[[文頭]]】文章の始めの部分。 bxnzc5244hc72nh1e0c51r0691vhmt9 0 541791 2280266 2129478 2026-06-07T10:53:36Z 鍼灸 112313 2280266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふんとう|ふんどう|ぶんとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[文豆]]】「緑豆」、「豌豆」の別名。 *【[[文道]]】文学・学芸の道。 n520f0v8brgn0yn6vcgnkhgf2fr6c3d 2280277 2280266 2026-06-07T11:12:16Z 鍼灸 112313 2280277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふんとう|ふんどう|ぶんとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[文豆]]】「緑豆」、「豌豆」の別名。 *【[[文道]]】文学・学芸の道。 *【[[分銅]]】[[法馬]]。 101cox7v7wv5h2cg8ldglj4dt1aj605 0 543101 2280100 2132520 2026-06-07T05:40:04Z M-30722 1202 2280100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅひつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しゅひつ]]|しゅふで}} #{{タグ|ja|文房具}}[[朱墨]]で書き入れなどをするための[[ふで|筆]]。また、朱墨でされた書き入れや[[修正]]。 dmtnvci05z96rv4vrrs1m2dkzcs3eve 0 543103 2280101 2132523 2026-06-07T05:40:37Z M-30722 1202 2280101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[手筆]]】自筆。 *【[[主筆]]】新聞社などで社説、論説などを担当する者。 *【[[朱筆]]】朱で書き入れなどをするための筆。 mte1clnjtmzb6jgmuoqsasriz248ved 0 543952 2280020 2134118 2026-06-07T01:11:28Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280020 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ca}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ca-IPA}} *{{rhymes|lang=ca|aɾia|s=4}} ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|ca|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|ca|binari}} 2645esgdayb9n3u8vbwf5dbh6jtohiw 0 543953 2280045 2134119 2026-06-07T01:17:04Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280045 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ca}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|ca|adj form}} #{{feminine plural of|ca|binari}} 7r473pk4fveyctsn8431t5qcbo1ux30 0 545935 2280046 2138498 2026-06-07T01:17:04Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280046 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|sensitive}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|fr|sensitif}} 1q08xchpvumbn849jqny6uhiw714qtt 0 546061 2280019 2138719 2026-06-07T01:11:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280019 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|elettrico}} s4gwiu62us7l6pey1wypyd6kwx7ep73 0 546062 2280047 2138720 2026-06-07T01:17:05Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280047 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|elettrico}} 6u92vfztslgjrh7dvavmvdtbv59s5wd 0 546115 2280018 2138799 2026-06-07T01:11:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280018 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|undicesimo}} le5c31ytppswmtdbqelavuetq0oy9o3 0 546117 2280048 2138801 2026-06-07T01:17:05Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280048 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|undicesimo}} a7x7fh3typ3sqy4hllkped7pk7zcpyw 0 546119 2280017 2138803 2026-06-07T01:11:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280017 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|tredicesimo}} nnju51hjnfbi0zk68kg03vavrnlp8ro 0 546122 2280049 2138806 2026-06-07T01:17:05Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280049 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|tredicesimo}} n1akeqd6yos62gmm6rboejmugo2rpvw 0 546124 2280016 2138811 2026-06-07T01:11:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280016 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|quattordicesimo}} 1b4od3ydi8eslwnt9zlcqneebl8lhdi 0 546126 2280040 2138813 2026-06-07T01:16:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280040 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|quattordicesimo}} aed0admifz8pe8afwod8caudn09g3og 0 546129 2280043 2138817 2026-06-07T01:16:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280043 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|quindicesimo}} dvhy108sotjumes57mzrt4g7fpispv7 0 546132 2280030 2138821 2026-06-07T01:13:22Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280030 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|sedicesimo}} en65jfbtu7uo0o7i77gg54wg33z9fg9 0 546134 2280041 2138823 2026-06-07T01:16:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280041 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|sedicesimo}} nj3bpevoy0ck2wqiamkz0znlfi7bv1i 0 546141 2280029 2138832 2026-06-07T01:13:21Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280029 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|diciassettesimo}} tjvg5uzidq7evirto610mbvtys5ep9e 0 546143 2280042 2138834 2026-06-07T01:16:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280042 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|diciassettesimo}} conw8kp4ipbw95o6wrlvua0sado4fvl 0 546153 2280044 2138845 2026-06-07T01:16:37Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280044 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|diciannovesimo}} t1d711wgkm16yb6twnojihb5h7h7z42 0 546155 2280028 2138847 2026-06-07T01:13:21Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280028 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|diciannovesimo}} 2oni0d8ubayvfpacfs4vyjy7v10j4wm 0 546156 2280027 2138848 2026-06-07T01:13:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280027 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|ventesimo}} m41u5vchq976lkjtfeonuysu54tvnq5 0 546159 2280035 2138851 2026-06-07T01:15:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280035 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|ventesimo}} jzpbrf8afj2m3t5xmcac1nbgvxcd747 0 546163 2280026 2138859 2026-06-07T01:13:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280026 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|trentesimo}} kcta9389mdqtjiuwqdc4icra7dv546n 0 546164 2280036 2138860 2026-06-07T01:15:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280036 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|trentesimo}} =={{L|ia}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=ia|/tɾenˈte.si.me/}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|ia|adjective}} #{{context|ordinal number|lang=ia}} [[30]]番目の。 8s5ijsrrt9ze6x1lbmx7rsgqj8kuoq1 0 546168 2280025 2138874 2026-06-07T01:13:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280025 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adjc}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|it|quarantesimo}} dy96r5nraarxgv9omkulqs63m8gwf2z 0 546170 2280037 2138876 2026-06-07T01:15:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280037 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|it|quarantesimo}} =={{L|ia}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=ia|/ˌkwa.ɾanˈte.si.me/}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|ia|adjective}} #{{context|ordinal number|lang=it}} [[40]]番目の。 rkmufzzom7vlspsduzzygs9dby8jsl0 0 546642 2280039 2139782 2026-06-07T01:15:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280039 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{it-pr|intransitìve}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form|g=f-p}} #{{feminine plural of|it|intransitivo}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|en|in-|transitive}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=en|/ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/|/ɪnˈtɹænzətɪv/}} **{{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intransitive.wav|a=Southern England}} ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj|-}} #{{context|grammar|lang=en}} [[自動詞]]の、[[目的語]]を持たない。 #{{context|rare|lang=en}}[[保守]]的な。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{l|en|neuter}} *{{l|en|nontransitive}} ===={{ant}}==== *{{l|en|transitive}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col|lang=en|intransitiveness|intransitivization|intransitivize |intransitively|intransitive preposition|intransitivity|intransitive verb}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{context|grammar|lang=en}} [[自動詞]]。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{fr-IPA}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-intransitive.wav|a=Toulouse}} *{{rhymes|lang=fr|iv}} *{{homophones|lang=fr|intransitives}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} #{{adj form of|fr|intransitif||f|s}} bun9kzv4d9ndsplxn888vlufufv7ry1 0 546643 2280038 2139784 2026-06-07T01:15:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280038 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|intransitive}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ca-IPA}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|ca|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|ca|intransitiu}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{fr-IPA}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-intransitives.wav|a=Lyon}} *{{homophones|lang=fr|intransitive}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} #{{adj form of|fr|intransitif||f|p}} 7g96vu331tyh4lchchuj9icn4y1095a 0 548537 2280024 2142958 2026-06-07T01:13:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|expensive}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=en|/ɪkˈspænsɪv/}} *{{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-expansive.wav|a=Southern England}} *{{rhymes|lang=en|ɪv|s=3}} ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj}} #[[広大]]な。 #[[社交的]]な、[[開放的]]な。 #[[拡張]]の。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col|lang=en|expansivist|hyperexpansive|nonexpansive|overexpansive|unexpansive|expansively|expansiveness|gender-expansive}} =={{L|sv}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|sv|adjective form}} #'''{{l|sv|expansiv}}'''の男性原級限定単数形。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|fr|expansif}} =={{L|la}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|la|adjective form|head=expānsīve}} #{{adj form of|la|expānsīvus||voc|m|s}} hecajj72owk5iblifm5qnqmf4tj5ub0 0 550371 2280034 2146340 2026-06-07T01:14:52Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|aiguës|Aigües}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ca-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ca|plural}} #{{plural of|ca|aigua}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{alter}}=== *{{l|fr|aiguës}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-aigües.wav|a=Lyon}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|fr|adjective form}} #{{feminine plural of|fr|aigu}} 60jk7ilovyiapk6rz0mppsabu7dov66 0 560502 2279948 2167767 2026-06-06T23:10:28Z ~2026-31739-22 131647 2279948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たざんのいしもってたまをおさむべし}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{idiom}}=== {{ja-idiom|たざんのいしもってたまをおさむべし|head=[[他山]]の[[いし|石]][[もって|以て]][[たま|玉]]を[[おさめる|攻む]]べし}} #他人の誤った[[言説]]ですら、[[自戒]]や[[修養]]の助けとなるということ。 ===={{etym}}==== [[Category:故事成語]] [[Category:由来 詩経]] *『[[:s:zh:詩經/鶴鳴|詩経・鶴鳴]]』の一節、「'''他山之石，可以攻玉。'''」より。単に[[他山の石]]ともいう。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|他山之石，可以攻玉}} erfc4dph6uuk2ry6yffidycglf3lod9 0 566006 2279874 2179010 2026-06-06T14:13:55Z M-30722 1202 2279874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しんきょう|しんぎょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[任侠]], [[仁侠]]】[[おとこだて]]。 *【[[人鏡]]】人の鏡。 *【[[塵境]]】[[塵界]]。 *【[[人境]]】[[ひとざと|人里]]。 9adhymeagpm1fgis323jlr7vgbdjm0p 0 566007 2279872 2179014 2026-06-06T14:12:28Z M-30722 1202 2279872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しんきょう|じんきょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[信行]]】誠実な行い。 *【[[心経]]】[[般若心経]]。 hbtyxd495ydtzepokcirwvvn3sec73f 0 566012 2279873 2179024 2026-06-06T14:13:37Z M-30722 1202 2279873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しんぎょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-proper noun|[[しんぎょう]]}} #{{タグ|ja|略語|仏教}}「[[般若心経]]」の[[略語]]。 7kg3txcay0rz4jq5wm3mrcyv0z7qerf 0 567688 2279834 2279787 2026-06-06T13:12:37Z M-30722 1202 2279834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんたん|はんだん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|万端|t=万般。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|番攤|t=金銭による賭博。}} {{ja-k|蛮蜑|t=蜑族。}} {{ja-k|文紳|t=前近代ベトナムに於ける村落内の知識人層。}} bnp3e75nihi3mm5cw2dqoce5xyolouj 0 574714 2280023 2198748 2026-06-07T01:13:19Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280023 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{m|it|rispondere}} ===={{pron}}==== {{it-pr|rispósta,rispòsta}} ===={{noun}}==== {{it-noun|rispost|f|a|e}} #[[返答]]、[[応答]]。 ====={{rel}}===== *{{l|it|rispondere}} *{{l|it|rispostaccia}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{pron}}==== {{it-pr|rispósta,rispòsta}} ===={{participle}}==== {{head|it|verb form|g=f-s}} #{{feminine singular of|it|risposto}} ==={{etym}}3=== ===={{pron}}==== {{it-pr|rispòsta}} ===={{verb}}==== {{head|it|verb form}} #{{verb form of|it|rispostare||ind|3|s|pres|;|imp|2|s}} =={{L|mt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|mt|it|risposta}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=mt|/rɪsˈpɔs.ta/}} *{{rhymes|lang=mt|ɔsta|s=3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{mt-noun|g=f|p=risposti}} #[[返答]]、[[応答]]。 #:{{syn|mt|tweġiba}} ===={{rel}}==== {{col2|mt|rrisponda}} dqeyfbum8z0e38nay9td9gduaz3bqv4 0 577328 2280022 2215161 2026-06-07T01:13:19Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280022 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|it|adjective form}} #{{adj form of|it|arcano||f|s}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{root}} {{etyl|ine-pro|en}} {{recons|h₂erk-|lang=ine-pro}} < {{der|en|la|arcānus}} < {{m|la|arceo|arcēre}} < {{m|la|arca}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|-}} #[[アルカナ]] ==={{noun}}=== {{head|en|noun form}} #{{plural of|en|arcanum}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|ca|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|ca|calarcà}} =={{L|es}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|es|adjective form}} #{{adj form of|es|arcano||f|s}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|pt|adjective form}} #{{adj form of|pt|arcano||f|s}} =={{L|la}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|la|adjective form|head=arcāna}} #[[arcanus|arcānus]]の女性単数形 ==={{adj}}=== {{head|la|adjective form|head=arcānā}} #[[arcanus|arcānus]]の女性単数奪格。 dxrdga77izzb8ss49rz8kvwk495o9ig 828 583089 2279851 2220903 2026-06-06T13:46:30Z ふゆくれ 95641 [[module:ryu-headword]]より流用 2279851 Scribunto text/plain local m_ja = require("Module:ja") local m_links = require("Module:links") local u = require("Module:string utilities").char local find = mw.ustring.find local export = {} local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("yoi") local Latn = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Latn") local Japanese_symbols = '%ｰ・＝？！。、' local katakana_range = 'ァ-ヺーヽヾ' local hiragana_range = 'ぁ-ゖーゞゝ' local kana_range = katakana_range .. hiragana_range .. Japanese_symbols local kanji_range = u(0x2E80) .. "-" .. u(0x2FDF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs u(0x4E00) .. "-" .. u(0x9FFF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs u(0x3400) .. "-" .. u(0x4DBF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A u(0xF900) .. "-" .. u(0xFAFF) .. -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs u(0x20000) .. "-" .. u(0x2A6DF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B u(0x2A700) .. "-" .. u(0x2EE5F) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C-F & I u(0x2F800) .. "-" .. u(0x2FA1F) .. -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement u(0x30000) .. "-" .. u(0x323AF) -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C-F & I local Japanese_scripts_range = kana_range .. kanji_range local katakana_pattern = '^[' .. katakana_range .. Japanese_symbols .. ']*$' local hiragana_pattern = '^[' .. hiragana_range .. Japanese_symbols .. ']*$' local kana_pattern = '^[' .. kana_range .. ']*$' local kana_pattern_full = '^[、' .. kana_range .. '%s%.%-%^]*$' local kana_pattern_char = '[、' .. kana_range .. '%s%.%-%^]' -- get a kana form to use, in order of preference: unnamed, pagename local function find_kana(args, PAGENAME) for i,arg in ipairs(args) do if args[i] then local unlinked_value = m_links.remove_links(args[i]) if find(unlinked_value, kana_pattern_full) then return unlinked_value end end end if find(PAGENAME, kana_pattern_full) then return PAGENAME end error("No kana detected in the unnamed parameters.") end local function find_kanji(args, PAGENAME, data) for i, arg in ipairs(args) do if args[i] and find(args[i], "[" .. kanji_range .. "]") then table.insert(data.kanji, args[i]) end end end -- go through args and build inflections by finding whatever kanas were given to us local function find_inflections(args, data, PAGENAME) local allkana,original = {},{} for i,arg in ipairs(args) do if arg and arg ~= "" then local unlinked_value = m_links.remove_links(arg) if find(unlinked_value, kana_pattern_full) then table.insert(allkana, arg) end end end if find(PAGENAME, kana_pattern_full) then if #allkana == 0 then table.insert(allkana, PAGENAME) end end for i = 1, #allkana do -- remove markup table.insert(original,allkana[i]) allkana[i] = mw.ustring.gsub(allkana[i], '[%s%.%-%^]', '') end for i = 1, #allkana do -- if this is not kana, blank it out if allkana and not mw.ustring.match(allkana[i], kana_pattern_char) then allkana[i] = "" end -- only if this kana is different from the page name if allkana[i] ~= PAGENAME and allkana[i] ~= "" then table.insert(data.translits, allkana[i]) end end end -- The main entry point. -- This is the only function that can be invoked from a template. function export.show(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args PAGENAME = args["pagename"] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local poscat = frame.args[1] or error("Part of speech has not been specified. Please pass parameter 1 to the module invocation.") local head = args["head"] or mw.ustring.gsub(PAGENAME, "[" .. kanji_range .. "]", '[[%0]]') local data = {lang = lang, sc = nil, pos_category = poscat, categories = {}, heads = {head}, inflections = {}, translits = {}, kanji = {}} local kana = find_kana(args, PAGENAME) find_kanji(args, PAGENAME, data) -- sort out all the kanas and do the romanization business find_inflections(args, data, PAGENAME) -- ソートキーの付け方は日本語と同じ local sort_key = m_ja.jsort(kana) if sort_key ~= PAGENAME then data.sort_key = sort_key end return require("Module:headword").full_headword(data) end return export s3t844assprdlixo0w6oztxdrytxane 0 586567 2279828 2272158 2026-06-06T13:08:53Z M-30722 1202 db 2279828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{db|テスト投稿}} == 日本語 == #バスケットボール、バレーボールで境界の外にボールが出たときに指す言葉。アウト。 #ゴルフでプレーの禁止区域、およびそこへボールが入ること。Ｏ・Ｂ。 #アメリカン‐フットボールで、ボールがコートの外へ出て、試合が一時的に中止されること。 10krax0am7zdoq637h5knl60j1hiuot 11 587582 2279921 2278112 2026-06-06T14:49:34Z M-30722 1202 /* 廃止提案 */ 2279921 wikitext text/x-wiki == 廃止提案 == この系統のテンプレートは[[テンプレート:a]]で十分に表すことが出来、わざわざこれで表記する必要性が見られないため、廃止を提案いたします（ちなみに、すでにこれに関するデータは[[テンプレート:accent/data]]中にあります）。併せて[[テンプレート:hy-W]]も依頼します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月25日 (月) 07:48 (UTC) :今見て思いましたが、廃止というよりは非推奨の提案ですね、追って訂正します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月26日 (火) 05:40 (UTC) ::{{対処}} 非推奨。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月1日 (月) 07:55 (UTC) :{{賛成}} そもそも、最近こちらのテンプレートが使われている様子がないので不要かと。--[[利用者:Praqimu|Praqimu]] ([[利用者・トーク:Praqimu|トーク]]) 2026年5月26日 (火) 14:50 (UTC) :{{@|Kuroco2k}} {{temp|hy-W}}の処理が完了しましたが廃止して削除しますか？それとも廃止せずに[[:カテゴリ:非推奨のテンプレート]]に入れたまま置いておきますか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 14:49 (UTC) 9ofjov1akzrwqy7lduht1zecweqirrl 2279941 2279921 2026-06-06T21:39:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* 廃止提案 */ 返信 2279941 wikitext text/x-wiki == 廃止提案 == この系統のテンプレートは[[テンプレート:a]]で十分に表すことが出来、わざわざこれで表記する必要性が見られないため、廃止を提案いたします（ちなみに、すでにこれに関するデータは[[テンプレート:accent/data]]中にあります）。併せて[[テンプレート:hy-W]]も依頼します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月25日 (月) 07:48 (UTC) :今見て思いましたが、廃止というよりは非推奨の提案ですね、追って訂正します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月26日 (火) 05:40 (UTC) ::{{対処}} 非推奨。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月1日 (月) 07:55 (UTC) :{{賛成}} そもそも、最近こちらのテンプレートが使われている様子がないので不要かと。--[[利用者:Praqimu|Praqimu]] ([[利用者・トーク:Praqimu|トーク]]) 2026年5月26日 (火) 14:50 (UTC) :{{@|Kuroco2k}} {{temp|hy-W}}の処理が完了しましたが廃止して削除しますか？それとも廃止せずに[[:カテゴリ:非推奨のテンプレート]]に入れたまま置いておきますか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 14:49 (UTC) ::二度も管理者に依頼して削除してもらうのは手間なので、一括でやってもらおうかと考えています。それに実を言うと、[[テンプレート:hy-IPA]]があるので{{temp|a}}を使うまでもないことを今思い出しました...--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月6日 (土) 21:39 (UTC) 3grza5klwzfd9vuoqfygmwo2grhf1kn 2280196 2279941 2026-06-07T07:31:25Z M-30722 1202 /* 廃止提案 */ 返信 2280196 wikitext text/x-wiki == 廃止提案 == この系統のテンプレートは[[テンプレート:a]]で十分に表すことが出来、わざわざこれで表記する必要性が見られないため、廃止を提案いたします（ちなみに、すでにこれに関するデータは[[テンプレート:accent/data]]中にあります）。併せて[[テンプレート:hy-W]]も依頼します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月25日 (月) 07:48 (UTC) :今見て思いましたが、廃止というよりは非推奨の提案ですね、追って訂正します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月26日 (火) 05:40 (UTC) ::{{対処}} 非推奨。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月1日 (月) 07:55 (UTC) :{{賛成}} そもそも、最近こちらのテンプレートが使われている様子がないので不要かと。--[[利用者:Praqimu|Praqimu]] ([[利用者・トーク:Praqimu|トーク]]) 2026年5月26日 (火) 14:50 (UTC) :{{@|Kuroco2k}} {{temp|hy-W}}の処理が完了しましたが廃止して削除しますか？それとも廃止せずに[[:カテゴリ:非推奨のテンプレート]]に入れたまま置いておきますか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 14:49 (UTC) ::二度も管理者に依頼して削除してもらうのは手間なので、一括でやってもらおうかと考えています。それに実を言うと、[[テンプレート:hy-IPA]]があるので{{temp|a}}を使うまでもないことを今思い出しました...--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月6日 (土) 21:39 (UTC) :::{{対処}} それでは、廃止されたテンプレートへ移動を行い、廃止処理をしました。削除については{{temp|hy-E}}と一括でしていただいて問題ありません。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:31 (UTC) ll9vhxu219asgyhqe7dbnbg6w1wkbyw 2280197 2280196 2026-06-07T07:31:53Z M-30722 1202 2280197 wikitext text/x-wiki == 廃止提案 == この系統のテンプレートは[[テンプレート:a]]で十分に表すことが出来、わざわざこれで表記する必要性が見られないため、廃止を提案いたします（ちなみに、すでにこれに関するデータは[[テンプレート:accent/data]]中にあります）。併せて[[テンプレート:hy-W]]も依頼します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月25日 (月) 07:48 (UTC) :今見て思いましたが、廃止というよりは非推奨の提案ですね、追って訂正します。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年5月26日 (火) 05:40 (UTC) ::{{対処}} 非推奨。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月1日 (月) 07:55 (UTC) :{{賛成}} そもそも、最近こちらのテンプレートが使われている様子がないので不要かと。--[[利用者:Praqimu|Praqimu]] ([[利用者・トーク:Praqimu|トーク]]) 2026年5月26日 (火) 14:50 (UTC) :{{@|Kuroco2k}} {{temp|hy-W}}の処理が完了しましたが廃止して削除しますか？それとも廃止せずに[[:カテゴリ:非推奨のテンプレート]]に入れたまま置いておきますか？ --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 14:49 (UTC) ::二度も管理者に依頼して削除してもらうのは手間なので、一括でやってもらおうかと考えています。それに実を言うと、[[テンプレート:hy-IPA]]があるので{{temp|a}}を使うまでもないことを今思い出しました...--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月6日 (土) 21:39 (UTC) :::{{対処}} それでは、{{temp|hy-W}}を廃止されたテンプレートへ移動を行い、廃止処理をしました。削除については{{temp|hy-E}}と一括でしていただいて問題ありません。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:31 (UTC) 00m91dwb01s6ylcj98phc5efy9tebfg 0 588026 2279899 2276938 2026-06-06T14:33:28Z M-30722 1202 2279899 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|kɑˈtu}} * {{音声|hy|Hy-կատու.ogg|a=Eastern Armenian}} *{{hyphenation|կա|տու}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-noun}} #{{topcat|hy|猫}}{{ふりがな|猫|ねこ}}。 #*{{ux|hy|Կատու սիրո՞ւմ եք։|猫は好きですか？}} #*{{ux|hy|Կատու սիրո՞ւմ ես։|猫は好きか？}} ====格変化==== {{hy-noun-ի-ներ||կատվ|a=on}} {{hy-noun-ի-ներ|a=on}} ezrsbhzjnbb6jq8j3or69rlu4vtngcy 0 588027 2279900 2276939 2026-06-06T14:34:22Z M-30722 1202 2279900 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{a|hy-E}} {{IPA|lang=hy|mɑˈmɑ}} *{{音声|hy|LL-Q8785 (hye)-Vahagn Petrosyan-մամա.wav|a=Eastern Armenian}} *{{hyphenation|մա|մա}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hy-noun}} #{{タグ|hy|家族}}{{おくりがな2|母|かあ|ちゃん|かあちゃん}}、{{おくりがな2|母|かあ|さん|かあさん}}。 #*{{ux|hy|Մաման քեզ սիրում ա։|母ちゃんはあなたのこと好きだよ。}} ====格変化==== {{hy-noun-ի-ներ|a=on}} gj4fbtp1gudjpwi33dnenoh3anndo0x 0 588726 2279867 2279211 2026-06-06T14:08:34Z M-30722 1202 2279867 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ojp-verb|掻き口説く}} #自分の[[心境]]を訴えたり、相手を[[説得]]したりするため、[[くどくど]]と繰り返し述べたてる。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{古典日本語四段活用|かきくど|く}} qml7znhxswrdjdxe6p6xg1oh3ank3bq 2279868 2279867 2026-06-06T14:08:45Z M-30722 1202 2279868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ojp-verb|掻き口説く}} #自分の[[心境]]を訴えたり、相手を[[説得]]したりするため、[[くどくど]]と繰り返し述べたてる。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{古典日本語四段活用|かきくど|く}} 3vthqycjf8l3xqqp8nlu4sg2otjlr29 2 588811 2279816 2279336 2026-06-06T12:50:08Z Cazusi 131560 2279816 wikitext text/x-wiki こんにちはCazusiです｡ 会いたかったら､「[[利用者:Cazusi|利用者:Cazusi(user:Cazusi)]]」のリンクをコピー、またはURLを入力してください｡ペースト(Androidでは貼り付け)、URLを入力すると､「Cazusiのユーザーページ」に繋がりますよ｡ 8cz6yq77mghc3x82q9r3z26fsvd7wa3 0 588941 2279810 2279745 2026-06-06T12:41:06Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2279810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|さんしゅう|さんじゅう|ざんじゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[残秋]]】:晩秋。 *【[[慙羞]]】：恥じること。 *【[[巉秀]]】：高く美しい。 0nu6t7gxmopbbuxbm6bf4w69rvuy98k 0 588944 2279967 2279762 2026-06-07T00:04:52Z 鍼灸 112313 2279967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しじゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しじゅう]]}} #[[よっつ|四つ]][[かさなる|重なる]]こと。四つ重ねたもの。 #{{タグ|ja|abbr|仏教}}[[四重罪]]の略称。 #[[声明]]や[[平家琵琶]]などにおいて[[初重]]から数えて四番目の[[音域]]。 pod42g0nln83zmuk6qucwslvusvww95 0 588958 2279793 2026-06-06T11:59:50Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ojp-verb|婚ぐ}} #[[まぐわう]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{古典日本語四段活用|くな|ぐ}}」 2279793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ojp-verb|婚ぐ}} #[[まぐわう]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{古典日本語四段活用|くな|ぐ}} tg20y1btwx445zqt0ajwn2bpc1k4s1j 0 588959 2279794 2026-06-06T12:00:14Z ~2026-33506-47 131858 ページの作成:「== 漢字 == <code>𭢓</code>・部首:扌+11画　・総画:14画 ・異体字：樟（訛字） == 日本語 == 訓読み　しえた-く == 中国語 == ・ローマ字表記 　　　・ピンイン:zhang1 == コード等 == Unicode：U+2D893」 2279794 wikitext text/x-wiki == 漢字 == <code>𭢓</code>・部首:扌+11画　・総画:14画 ・異体字：樟（訛字） == 日本語 == 訓読み　しえた-く == 中国語 == ・ローマ字表記 　　　・ピンイン:zhang1 == コード等 == Unicode：U+2D893 7dfkfmfi7foai1q19b5grtt9gcmxcau 2279795 2279794 2026-06-06T12:01:48Z ~2026-33506-47 131858 2279795 wikitext text/x-wiki == 漢字 == <code>𭢓</code>・部首:扌+11画　・総画:14画 ・異体字：樟（訛字） == 日本語 == 訓読み　しえた-く == 中国語 == ・ローマ字表記 　　　・ピンイン:zhang1 == コード等 == Unicode：U+2D893 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%AD%A2%93?secondary=search gce1kg73ebjc50n536lr29nvbs1kpjf 2279796 2279795 2026-06-06T12:11:22Z ふゆくれ 95641 2279796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しえたく}} ==漢字== {{kanji|手3|11}} {{kanji variants|樟}} ===字源=== 「{{pagename}}」には二種類の字が存在する（[[別字衝突]]）。 #（日本）「しえたく」と読む字。 #* #（中国）「zhāng」と読む字。 #*[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[手]]」+音符「[[章]]」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> [[Category:別字衝突]] ===字義=== #「[[樟]]」の[[訛字]]。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|訓=しえたく<しへたく;<ref>{{Cite web|title=和製漢字の辞典2014|url=https://ksbookshelf.com/nozomu-oohara/WaseikanjiJiten/WaseikanjiJiten_4p.html|author=大原望|accessdate=2026-06-06}}</ref>|国=y}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhang1}} {{zh-han|m=zhāng}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|cns=13-4B76|全={{全字庫|871286}}}} {{検字|倉頡=QYTJ}} ==脚注== {{Reflist}} k7bw57k5l1cum33wk6kj5li5ebis3gk 0 588960 2279798 2026-06-06T12:27:38Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[三宮]]】:[[三后]]。 *【[[参宮]]】:お宮（[[神社]]）に参詣すること。」 2279798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[三宮]]】:[[三后]]。 *【[[参宮]]】:お宮（[[神社]]）に参詣すること。 pnh4lbns6qnxq0i9pje7idmxmgqu0n9 2279799 2279798 2026-06-06T12:29:24Z うーむ 129171 2279799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ざんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[三宮]]】:[[三后]]。 *【[[参宮]]】:お宮（[[神社]]）に参詣すること。 hiemfak9114w5oiqojrkz77w7iulk79 0 588961 2279803 2026-06-06T12:33:03Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|さんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[暫寓]]】:一時的に身を寓せること。 *【[[暫遇]]】:出会うこと。」 2279803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|さんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[暫寓]]】:一時的に身を寓せること。 *【[[暫遇]]】:出会うこと。 ji1krzsz8gg7gmll05ondrzi8i4qkyn 0 588962 2279805 2026-06-06T12:35:24Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんぐう]]}} #[[一時的]]に身を[[よせる|寓せる]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんぐう}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんぐう]]}} #[[一時的]]に身を[[よせる|寓せる]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんぐう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} kl22m7dklg9png0ipv4f3hyyvfg83uq 0 588963 2279806 2026-06-06T12:36:34Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんぐう]]}} #[[であう|出会う]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんぐう}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんぐう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんぐう]]}} #[[であう|出会う]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんぐう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 0cjyrpdgqrqkcz3kcn5690emblrj5gs 0 588964 2279808 2026-06-06T12:38:57Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんじゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんじゅう]]}} #[[一時的]]に身を[[よせる|寓せる]]こと。[[暫寓]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんじゅう}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんじゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんじゅう]]}} #[[一時的]]に身を[[よせる|寓せる]]こと。[[暫寓]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんじゅう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} tfp6ft9ols1heoslu0mop29ploxkl7y 0 588965 2279811 2026-06-06T12:44:06Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ざんしゅう]]}} #[[あき|秋]]の[[すえ|末]]。[[晩秋]]。」 2279811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ざんしゅう]]}} #[[あき|秋]]の[[すえ|末]]。[[晩秋]]。 py1uowd7o0ryfqoqjmjras3gng6d7om 0 588967 2279813 2026-06-06T12:46:27Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんしゅう]]}} #[[はじる|恥じる]]こと。[[赤面]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんしゅう}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ざんしゅう]]}} #[[はじる|恥じる]]こと。[[赤面]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ざんしゅう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 1llda98np2laiaxvoenjtcclal1sawr 0 588968 2279814 2026-06-06T12:48:35Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんしゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|[[ざんしゅう]]}} #[[たかい|高く]][[うつくしい|美しい]]さま。 ==={{conjug}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}}」 2279814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ざんしゅう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|[[ざんしゅう]]}} #[[たかい|高く]][[うつくしい|美しい]]さま。 ==={{conjug}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}} bufvvlom8s7uvblidu0mtgczkguzga0 0 588970 2279819 2026-06-06T12:55:31Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゅうそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぎゅうしゅう|[[ぎゅうそう]]}} #[[うし|牛]]の[[尿]]。」 2279819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゅうそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぎゅうしゅう|[[ぎゅうそう]]}} #[[うし|牛]]の[[尿]]。 9vnr9drakwenwbyvgerhkfva3yqkh8n 2279820 2279819 2026-06-06T12:55:56Z うーむ 129171 2279820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゅうそう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぎゅうしゅう]]|[[ぎゅうそう]]}} #[[うし|牛]]の[[尿]]。 arplck4o54r2p8o0sovvfodik213l33 0 588971 2279823 2026-06-06T12:59:31Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゅうしゅ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぎゅうしゅ]]}} #[[こうし|小牛]]。」 2279823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎゅうしゅ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぎゅうしゅ]]}} #[[こうし|小牛]]。 q5x1nwt0clebhw0nypgwau1lb5ag29t 0 588972 2279824 2026-06-06T13:06:11Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おうくつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|おうくつ}} #腰を[[かがめる|屈め]]、[[へりくだる|遜る]]こと。 #[[抑圧]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|おうくつ}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おうくつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|おうくつ}} #腰を[[かがめる|屈め]]、[[へりくだる|遜る]]こと。 #[[抑圧]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|おうくつ}} {{日本語サ変活用}} c545oeh1yz51ouk2r4ilcx8d8l6j5k5 0 588973 2279826 2026-06-06T13:07:37Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようおう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ようおう]]}} #[[枉屈]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ようおう}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようおう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ようおう]]}} #[[枉屈]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ようおう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} sxv7vbi6wrbgryanizf4fj23m88qxz1 0 588974 2279829 2026-06-06T13:09:38Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようおう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ようおう]]}} #[[夭折]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ようおう}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようおう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ようおう]]}} #[[夭折]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ようおう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 8b49wef14lqs1dhqllwinamayg2eq10 0 588975 2279835 2026-06-06T13:12:53Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようおう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ようおう]]}} #{{ふりがな|歌|うた}}。」 2279835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようおう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ようおう]]}} #{{ふりがな|歌|うた}}。 3tof63vhp0x11olwxcncxi5144xosd7 0 588976 2279836 2026-06-06T13:18:58Z M-30722 1202 [[en:chân]]より 2279836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vi-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|cy}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=cy|χaːn|sort=chan}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|cy|mutated noun|sort=chan}} #{{l|cy|cân}}の帯気音化。 ==={{verb}}=== {{head|cy|mutated verb|sort=chan}} #{{l|cy|cân}}の帯気音化。 {{cy-mut-auto|cân}} =={{L|vi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-pron}} * {{音声|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chân.wav|a=Ho Chi Minh City}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|mkh-vie-pro|vi}} {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*ɟiːŋ}} < {{etyl|aav-pro|vi}} {{m|aav-pro|*ʄɨːŋ}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{alter+|vi|chơn|chưn||中部ベトナム、南ベトナム}} ===={{noun}}==== {{head|vi|noun|kanji=蹎|kanji2=真|kanji3=眞}} #{{タグ|vi|解剖学}}{{ふりがな|足|あし}}。 #{{タグ|vi|解剖学}}{{ふりがな|脚|あし}}。 #: {{syn|vi|giò|cẳng}} #{{タグ|vi|地形}}{{ふりがな|麓|ふもと}}。 ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=vi|bàn chân|bắp chân|cầm chân|chân cẳng|chân chống|chân đăm đá chân chiêu|chân gỗ|chân trời|cổ chân|gót chân|ngón chân|tay chân|chân vịt|ống chân|chân tay|chân đất|nước đến chân mới nhảy|mỏi gối chồn chân|cẳng chân}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|vi|tay}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{alter}}==== * {{alter+|vi|chơn||南ベトナム}} ===={{noun}}==== {{head|vi|noun|kanji=真|kanji2=眞}} #{{タグ|vi|まれ|哲学|芸術}}[[真実]]。 ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=vi|chân chất|chân dung|chân lí|chân thành|chân thật|chân thực|chân tướng|chân chính|chân tình|chân không|chân phương}} =={{L|mtq}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|mkh-vie-pro|mtq}} {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*ɟiːŋ}} < {{etyl|mkh-pro|mtq}} {{m|mkh-pro|*ɟuŋ}} ~ {{m|mkh-pro|*ɟuəŋ}} ~ {{m|mkh-pro|*ɟəŋ}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=mtq|cən¹}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|mtq|noun}} #{{タグ|mtq|解剖学}}{{ふりがな|足|あし}}。 #{{タグ|mtq|解剖学}}{{ふりがな|脚|あし}}。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|mtq|cố chân}} ebhb3qt5k4invuaqirwd2bkv68jgcec 0 588977 2279838 2026-06-06T13:24:29Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいおんき}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けいおんき}} #（[[自動車]]で）[[警告]]のための音を発する[[器具]]。警笛。ホーン。クラクション。」 2279838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいおんき}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けいおんき}} #（[[自動車]]で）[[警告]]のための音を発する[[器具]]。警笛。ホーン。クラクション。 9m9xacpbicozb1oahs8u9ckhcsev4be 2279843 2279838 2026-06-06T13:25:52Z うーむ 129171 2279843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいおんき}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けいおんき}} #（[[自動車]]で）[[警告]]のための音を発する[[器具]]。[[警笛]]。[[ホーン]]。[[クラクション]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[警報機]] 9ee5b8n58hwdlgc8t89zba8xugkbx5v 0 588978 2279844 2026-06-06T13:32:51Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんたん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんたん]]}} #前近代の[[ベトナム]]で[[村落]]の中での知識人の階層。」 2279844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんたん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんたん]]}} #前近代の[[ベトナム]]で[[村落]]の中での知識人の階層。 n3f6zy2gk833fvkt6jazrdl5gh8jl8s 2279850 2279844 2026-06-06T13:43:26Z M-30722 1202 2279850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんたん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんたん]]}} #{{タグ|ja|ベトナム史}}前近代の[[ベトナム]]で[[村落]]の中での知識人の階層。 q65yd3l21qn7c6kdbs3hv9v6ie3u2o3 3 588979 2279848 2026-06-06T13:41:21Z M-30722 1202 /* 編集内容に関する問い合わせ */ 新しい節 2279848 wikitext text/x-wiki == 編集内容に関する問い合わせ == [[nevada]]及び[[:カテゴリ:日本語 2ちゃんねるのスラング]]でスクリプトエラーが発生しておりますので解消お願いします。また、所々に「通性/〇〇語」と書かれておりますがこれはどういう意味でしょうか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 13:41 (UTC) 1dvuf44z6rpc7i0fwx28y2sci9y3o2j 0 588980 2279853 2026-06-06T13:49:00Z M-30722 1202 [[en:шын]]より 2279853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|шың}} =={{L|ady}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=ady|[ʃən]}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ady|verb}} # {{おくりがな2|測|はか|る|はかる}}、[[測定]]する。 =={{L|kk}}== {{kk-regional|шын|شىن}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|kk}} {{m|trk-pro|*čïn}} < {{etyl|ltc|kk}} {{m|ltc|真}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{kk-adj}} #[[本当]]の、[[真実]]の。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|kk|рас}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|kk|шындық}} * {{l|kk|шыншыл}}, {{l|kk|шыншылдық}} =={{L|atv}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|atv}} {{m|trk-pro|*čïn}} ==={{noun}}=== {{atv-noun}} #[[真実]]。 =={{L|tyv}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=tyv|ʃɯn}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tyv-noun|ны|нар}} #[[真実]]。 ===={{ant}}==== * {{l|tyv|меге}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|tyv|шынныг}} =={{L|dng}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{cmn}} {{zh-l|聲}} と同源 ===={{pron}}==== {{dng-pron|шын1}} ===={{noun}}==== {{head|dng|noun|I}} #{{ふりがな|音|おと}}。 ==={{etym}}2=== {{cmn}} {{zh-l|神}} と同源 ===={{pron}}==== {{dng-pron|шын1}} ===={{noun}}==== {{head|dng|noun|I}} #{{ふりがな|神|かみ}}。 su50yw9b1hu6bb0ngo3swqlnxstgga2 0 588981 2279855 2026-06-06T13:51:48Z M-30722 1202 [[en:шың]]より 2279855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|шын}} =={{L|kk}}== {{kk-regional|шың|شىڭ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{kk-noun}} #{{タグ|kk|地理}}[[山頂]]、[[頂上]]。 #{{タグ|kk|楽器}}[[ゴング]]、[[銅鑼]]。 {{kk-noun-c|ы|ң}} sse4riemqui43314vslg3yxrhgqnaxm 0 588982 2279856 2026-06-06T13:55:30Z M-30722 1202 [[en:chăn]]より 2279856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vi-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|vi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-pron}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|vi|verb|kanji=𤛇|kanji2=𩝻}} #[[飼育]]する、[[リード]]する。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|vi|chăn nuôi}} * {{l|vi|chăn thả}} * {{l|vi|chăn dắt}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun|kanji=𢅬|kanji2=𧜖}} *類別詞: [[cái]], [[chiếc]], [[tấm]] #{{タグ|vi|北ベトナム}}[[毛布]]、[[布団]]。 #: {{syn|vi|mền}} 9pzyq6oboyv5iccdvq9uiafm0kzlebl 3 588983 2279863 2026-06-06T14:06:40Z M-30722 1202 /* 必須カテゴリ付与等について */ 新しい節 2279863 wikitext text/x-wiki == 必須カテゴリ付与等について == 項目作成ありがとうございます。しかしながら作成いただきました書式では最低限のスタイルに達していない為掲載するためには加筆していただく必要があります。具体的には #必ず付ける必要のあるカテゴリ（<code><nowiki>[[カテゴリ:（言語名）]]</nowiki></code>および<code><nowiki>[[カテゴリ:（言語名） （品詞名）]]</nowiki></code>）がありますので付与願います（[[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#カテゴリ]] 参照）。 #見出しを単に「意義」とするのではなく'''品詞を明示'''して下さい（[[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#項目の構成要素]] 参照）。 全体的な書式としては[[テンプレート:標準の内容/日本語]]や[[Wiktionary:見本項目]]で示されている「[[議論]]」等を参照ください。その他ご不明点ございましたら質問いただけますと回答させていただきます。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 14:06 (UTC) 4jtido2j7v1rmsvvvvnhxq8tk1r0tkm 2280089 2279863 2026-06-07T05:32:18Z M-30722 1202 /* 必須カテゴリ付与等について */ 返信 2280089 wikitext text/x-wiki == 必須カテゴリ付与等について == 項目作成ありがとうございます。しかしながら作成いただきました書式では最低限のスタイルに達していない為掲載するためには加筆していただく必要があります。具体的には #必ず付ける必要のあるカテゴリ（<code><nowiki>[[カテゴリ:（言語名）]]</nowiki></code>および<code><nowiki>[[カテゴリ:（言語名） （品詞名）]]</nowiki></code>）がありますので付与願います（[[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#カテゴリ]] 参照）。 #見出しを単に「意義」とするのではなく'''品詞を明示'''して下さい（[[Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル#項目の構成要素]] 参照）。 全体的な書式としては[[テンプレート:標準の内容/日本語]]や[[Wiktionary:見本項目]]で示されている「[[議論]]」等を参照ください。その他ご不明点ございましたら質問いただけますと回答させていただきます。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月6日 (土) 14:06 (UTC) :<nowiki>[[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]]</nowiki>のような書き方では「カテゴリ:日本語」しか付与されません。<nowiki>[[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]]</nowiki>などのようにそれぞれ分けて書く必要があります。もしくは{{temp|ja-noun}}や{{temp|zh-cat}}等カテゴリを付与するテンプレートを使用します。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 05:32 (UTC) sas0u0xpgvfs9ub2co5e0vw9108uzh3 0 588984 2279882 2026-06-06T14:21:38Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb|重なる}} #ある物事の上に他の物事が加わる。 #後ろのものに他のものが続いて加わる。連なって見える。 #同じ物事を繰り返す。 #物事が豊かになったり、深まる。 #二つ以上の物事が同時に起る。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語五段活用}}」 2279882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb|重なる}} #ある物事の上に他の物事が加わる。 #後ろのものに他のものが続いて加わる。連なって見える。 #同じ物事を繰り返す。 #物事が豊かになったり、深まる。 #二つ以上の物事が同時に起る。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語五段活用}} 3qibz9tsju2olawqmf4ltwqam18joj9 2279966 2279882 2026-06-07T00:04:21Z 鍼灸 112313 内容の置換:「{{即時削除}}」 2279966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{即時削除}} nhjwk965mwcchhl5o9lhtfq23yg5ipq 2279968 2279966 2026-06-07T00:07:21Z 鍼灸 112313 2279968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ryu}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{ryu-adj}} #[[いとおしい|愛おしい]]。 #[[かわいい|可愛い]]。 tsl31lk5nhqi9k6rqbnsgziu4k1cpt1 2279970 2279968 2026-06-07T00:12:28Z 鍼灸 112313 2279970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ryu}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{ryu-adj}} #愛される。 sj4blg9lmyj2fs46epra6oqxn5oqe5q 10 588985 2279889 2026-06-06T14:27:57Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2279889 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><div align="center"> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 auto;" ! style="background: #ccccff;text-align:center;" colspan="7" |{{hy}}の季節名 |- !style="width:8em"|春!!style="width:8em"|夏!!style="width:8em"|秋!!style="width:8em"|冬 |-align=center |{{l|hy|գարուն}}||{{l|hy|ամառ}}||{{l|hy|աշուն}}||{{l|hy|ձմեռ}} |} </div></onlyinclude> [[カテゴリ:{{hy}}_テンプレート|きせつめい]] [[カテゴリ:季節名のテンプレート|hy]] j74eu3jjicz7u51s6cncxt5l7weolud 14 588986 2279891 2026-06-06T14:29:03Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2279891 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="pathnavbox"> *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{hy}}|{{hy}}_時間|disp4=時間|last=季節}} *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|時間|季節|last={{hy}}}} </div> {{季節名/hy}} [[カテゴリ:{{hy}}_時間|*きせつ]] [[カテゴリ:季節|あるめにあこ]] p4pdkogxszra6ymzwwl4osmtlwiqywo 14 588987 2279915 2026-06-06T14:43:21Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2279915 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="pathnavbox"> * {{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{hy}}|{{hy}}_社会|disp4=社会|{{hy}}_文化|disp5=文化|last=結婚}} * {{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|社会|文化|結婚|last={{hy}}}} </div> {{catmore}} [[カテゴリ:{{hy}}_文化|*けつこん]] [[カテゴリ:結婚|あるめにあこ]] 1eqiy3vhigyk05ct44hpge5yihemijy 2 588990 2279928 2026-06-06T15:53:05Z リュード語たん 131860 /* */ 2279928 wikitext text/x-wiki [[利用者:~2026-33426-15]]は私です。何故かログアウトしてしまった… iobo4vaflmowhc2x28xi3wlt7u1ovn9 0 588991 2279930 2026-06-06T16:00:30Z TAKA647 91604 立項 2279930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|コウ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|木|6}} {{kanji variants|栲}} ===字義=== #「[[栲]]」の[[同字]]（『{{w|字彙補}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-14-59|mj={{mjmoji|038006}}|gb=9632D339|cns=6-384C|全={{全字庫|407628}}|kps=10721-4B3C}} {{検字|倉頡=DJKN}} {{字典|諸橋=14735|新潮漢字=5024|大字源=4217|新字源=4586|新大字典=6990|大漢語林=5126|hdz=21194.040}} 7955qpuq4fghynukvaytkw3rvnj48do 0 588992 2279942 2026-06-06T21:55:09Z Kuroco2k 84207 項目として残す価値はあるだろうので再度作成 2279942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きはく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[きはく]]}} #[[楽曲]]で、[[拍子]]と食い違うこと。[[参差]]となること。 ===脚注=== *{{Cite book|和書|author={{w|諸橋轍次}}|title=大漢和辞典　巻一|edition=修訂第二版|page=1081|publisher=大修館書店|location=東京|isbn=4-469-03139-9}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qi2pai1|noun|古語・廃語}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|qípāi}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{q|古語・廃語|日本語に同じ}} 𠓪拍。 #*「其板先於曲者，病曰促板；板後於曲者，病曰滯板，古皆謂之'''𠓪拍'''，言不中拍也。」（[[:w:zh:王驥德|王驥徳]]「[[:s:zh:曲律#論板眼第十一|曲律・論板眼第十一]]」） mgmajfqp2d77p5rq6h514irphq9ryc8 2279943 2279942 2026-06-06T21:57:43Z Kuroco2k 84207 2279943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きはく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[きはく]]}} #[[楽曲]]で、[[拍子]]と食い違うこと。[[参差]]となること。 ===脚注=== *{{Cite book|和書|author={{w|諸橋轍次}}|title=大漢和辞典　巻一|edition=修訂第二版|page=1081|publisher=大修館書店|location=東京|isbn=4-469-03139-9}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qi2pai1|verb|古語・廃語}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|qípāi}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{q|古語・廃語}} [[くいちがう|食い違う]]。特に楽曲で、拍子と合わない。 #*「其板先於曲者，病曰促板；板後於曲者，病曰滯板，古皆謂之'''𠓪拍'''，言不中拍也。」（[[:w:zh:王驥德|王驥徳]]「[[:s:zh:曲律#論板眼第十一|曲律・論板眼第十一]]」） d9ogmul6lq6d5mwjv05y352q7m5luu7 0 588993 2279944 2026-06-06T22:29:18Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いのししむしゃ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|いのししむしゃ}} #[[猪突猛進]]するだけの[[武者]]。 #ただ、[[がむしゃら]]にやるだけの人。」 2279944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いのししむしゃ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|いのししむしゃ}} #[[猪突猛進]]するだけの[[武者]]。 #ただ、[[がむしゃら]]にやるだけの人。 jderrpbjda22yf7rueuo64e23052v8k 0 588994 2279945 2026-06-06T22:33:07Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しっぷうどとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しっぷうどとう]]}} #[[強風]]と大きく打ち寄せる[[あらなみ|荒波]]。」 2279945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しっぷうどとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しっぷうどとう]]}} #[[強風]]と大きく打ち寄せる[[あらなみ|荒波]]。 pbghvqec23pb726ws0854kitvm0istw 2279946 2279945 2026-06-06T22:33:19Z うーむ 129171 2279946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しっぷうどとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しっぷうどとう}} #[[強風]]と大きく打ち寄せる[[あらなみ|荒波]]。 f74h01rnszuk8s5m57ycc8vei8p1vjz 0 588995 2279950 2026-06-06T23:31:25Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしゅう|じょしゅう|じょじゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[所従]]】：思うまま。 *【[[初重]]】：最初の段階。 *【[[所住]]】：住所。 *【[[初住]]】：菩薩の修行段階。」 2279950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしゅう|じょしゅう|じょじゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[所従]]】：思うまま。 *【[[初重]]】：最初の段階。 *【[[所住]]】：住所。 *【[[初住]]】：菩薩の修行段階。 hm1osgg8t6lvb7schdqxcw1l09u48x5 2279955 2279950 2026-06-06T23:40:08Z 鍼灸 112313 2279955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしゅう|じょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[所従]]】：思うまま。 *【[[初重]]】：最初の段階。 *【[[所住]]】：住所。 *【[[初住]]】：菩薩の修行段階。 54lkg77ym6ipoo1mirkhs9os87jnpc7 0 588996 2279956 2026-06-06T23:44:37Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょじつ|じょしつ|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[所失]]】：[[損失]]。 *【[[暑湿]]】：[[暑気]]と[[湿気]]。 *【[[書室]]】：[[書斎]]。 *【[[書蝨]]】：本の虫。」 2279956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょじつ|じょしつ|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[所失]]】：[[損失]]。 *【[[暑湿]]】：[[暑気]]と[[湿気]]。 *【[[書室]]】：[[書斎]]。 *【[[書蝨]]】：本の虫。 a914g49tkshhxxizzb3qehtnlw4vkl9 0 588997 2279957 2026-06-06T23:46:44Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしつ|じょしつ|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初日]]】：[[旭日]]。 *【[[曙日]]】：[[朝日]]。」 2279957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしつ|じょしつ|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初日]]】：[[旭日]]。 *【[[曙日]]】：[[朝日]]。 hl9pr01r742i0aujvuw8bckjj2a9vbo 0 588998 2279959 2026-06-06T23:49:44Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしつ|しょじつ|じょしつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[除日]]】：[[大晦日]]。 *【[[恕実]]】：[[忠実]]。」 2279959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしつ|しょじつ|じょしつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[除日]]】：[[大晦日]]。 *【[[恕実]]】：[[忠実]]。 2xapvb6yw2u0g3znpcsab9mkfhsal3a 0 588999 2279960 2026-06-06T23:53:19Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしつ|しょじつ|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[除疾]]】：[[治療]]。 *【[[徐疾]]】：[[緩急]]。 *【[[舒疾]]】：[[遅速]]。 *【[[序室]]】：[[教室]]。 *【[[除湿]]】：[[湿気]]を取り除くこと。」 2279960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょしつ|しょじつ|じょじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[除疾]]】：[[治療]]。 *【[[徐疾]]】：[[緩急]]。 *【[[舒疾]]】：[[遅速]]。 *【[[序室]]】：[[教室]]。 *【[[除湿]]】：[[湿気]]を取り除くこと。 4k52rwyfjnitb72lb4dzfiec8smvjr8 0 589000 2279963 2026-06-07T00:00:53Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[初日]]】：ふたあけの日。」 2279963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[初日]]】：ふたあけの日。 hrfjov1kvoi3w0t4scif8fgzppzdfve 2279964 2279963 2026-06-07T00:01:38Z 鍼灸 112313 2279964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じょにち}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[初日]]】：ふたあけの日。 o8urbwza314qdmy1l0s0039o86xcjxq 0 589001 2279965 2026-06-07T00:02:33Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょにち}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[除日]]】：[[除刑日]]。」 2279965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょにち}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[除日]]】：[[除刑日]]。 j3ll08o34gba8pbk5itdq2vfm79pt4v 0 589002 2279969 2026-06-07T00:10:34Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうそ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ほうそ]]}} #[[天子]]が[[なくなる|亡くなる]]こと。[[崩御]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ほうそ}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2279969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうそ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ほうそ]]}} #[[天子]]が[[なくなる|亡くなる]]こと。[[崩御]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ほうそ}} {{日本語サ変活用}} ioo2hs92jaqc00dsjhef8942g34owqh 0 589003 2279971 2026-06-07T00:19:49Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうふ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[こうふ]]}} #{{タグ|ja|日本史}}[[荒田]]と不堪佃田。古代から中世、[[荒廃]]した[[田地]]。」 2279971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうふ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[こうふ]]}} #{{タグ|ja|日本史}}[[荒田]]と不堪佃田。古代から中世、[[荒廃]]した[[田地]]。 915xretkhkgok0ndio6woa3iqffxwy8 14 589004 2279973 2026-06-07T00:22:19Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「<div class="pathnavbox"> *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{ja}}|{{ja}}_科学|disp4=科学|{{ja}}_人文科学|disp5=人文科学|{{ja}}_言語学|disp5=言語学|last=辞書学}} *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|科学|人文科学|言語学|辞書学|last={{ja}}}} </div> {{catmore}} [[Category:{{ja}}_言語学|*ししよかく]] [[Category:辞書学|にほんこ]]」 2279973 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="pathnavbox"> *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{ja}}|{{ja}}_科学|disp4=科学|{{ja}}_人文科学|disp5=人文科学|{{ja}}_言語学|disp5=言語学|last=辞書学}} *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|科学|人文科学|言語学|辞書学|last={{ja}}}} </div> {{catmore}} [[Category:{{ja}}_言語学|*ししよかく]] [[Category:辞書学|にほんこ]] f052v9nripbc9um239n7x9h5jxkf4do 2279974 2279973 2026-06-07T00:22:54Z 鍼灸 112313 2279974 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="pathnavbox"> *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{ja}}|{{ja}}_科学|disp4=科学|{{ja}}_人文科学|disp5=人文科学|{{ja}}_言語学|disp6=言語学|last=辞書学}} *{{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|科学|人文科学|言語学|辞書学|last={{ja}}}} </div> {{catmore}} [[Category:{{ja}}_言語学|*ししよかく]] [[Category:辞書学|にほんこ]] gmdnxy6pg22bt63id0hvmajld1q99ud 0 589005 2279975 2026-06-07T00:25:54Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 ページの作成:「== 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） {| class="wikitable" |+ この単語の漢字 |- ! 閁 !! 𨳉 |- | ばつ、ばち || かつ |音読み|} ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）…」 2279975 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） {| class="wikitable" |+ この単語の漢字 |- ! 閁 !! 𨳉 |- | ばつ、ばち || かつ |音読み|} ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 dp6re3d25r3unlx0n7ta0xs4be6dlah 2279976 2279975 2026-06-07T00:26:37Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279976 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 r4lv2sfdsn6g9qbq8jh7go5sp4erm33 2279977 2279976 2026-06-07T00:29:05Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279977 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:（動詞）]] onhy35ioc0wa7n0a7i1zuc3gq0nfyie 2279978 2279977 2026-06-07T00:29:49Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279978 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] qn2e2q647vlpwznlqok6eayw60u50n7 2279979 2279978 2026-06-07T00:31:42Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279979 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　 　　・標準中国語: 　　　　 　　　拼音:màxiā 　　　　 　　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] pzr08lbq72aq4g5ko8hbib201r869ar 2279980 2279979 2026-06-07T00:32:43Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279980 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・官話:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] jzjci9yw3qjqse777j3mdyj6exn0jwh 2279981 2279980 2026-06-07T00:33:46Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279981 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。物事を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　拼音:màxiā 　　注音符号: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] snvic5qkeq03qe5phe6cu1jomedj9sw 2279983 2279981 2026-06-07T00:35:47Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279983 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・標準中国語: 　　[[拼音]]:màxiā 　　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] my6shnzz9yrqofe61qduh5p81u8cu7s 2279984 2279983 2026-06-07T00:36:33Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279984 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 ・標準中国語: 　[[拼音]]:màxiā 　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] n7tt0evfwa8fcr98l8ppmxusd7y3lkz 2279986 2279984 2026-06-07T00:37:49Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279986 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 ・[[標準中国語]]:　　[[拼音]]:màxiā　　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] 7imwyuq5uouc1077a4c17111q30qipy 2279988 2279986 2026-06-07T00:39:06Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279988 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・[[標準中国語]]:　　 　　　[[拼音]]:màxiā　　 　　　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] sum63012453ytnnxl4girkkw9fsljo6 2279989 2279988 2026-06-07T00:40:14Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279989 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・[[標準中国語]]: [[拼音]]:màxiā[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] 1il930jm7woa5albson349gp603a55o 2279991 2279989 2026-06-07T00:40:50Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279991 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・[[標準中国語]]:[[拼音]]:màxiā　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞]] hl2871hc8i31j6c9vpaiv81tkru1t55 2279994 2279991 2026-06-07T00:46:27Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279994 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・[[標準中国語]]:[[拼音]]:màxiā　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞 日本語]] 1nfwr57owlr8gxacbko0vk20dgfu4fe 2279998 2279994 2026-06-07T00:48:25Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279998 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・[[標準中国語]]:[[拼音]]:màxiā　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞|日本語|中国語 形容詞]] 4h04t9fzv5t9q3jav8j0ehn5t5q5xn5 2279999 2279998 2026-06-07T00:49:05Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2279999 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・ばっかつ（bakkatu） ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉（ばっかつ） 　　1.邪視。[[物事]]を正面から見ないこと。 ==中国語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・[[官話]]:ma4 xia1 　・[[標準中国語]]:　[[拼音]]:màxiā　[[注音符号]]: ㄇㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚ ===== 動詞 ===== 閁𨳉 　　1.（日本語に同じ）横目で見る。 == 脚注 == 1.https://zi.tools/zi/%E9%96%81?secondary=search 2.https://x.com/RoBo58/status/1894390758637277472 [[カテゴリ:動詞|日本語|中国語 形容詞]] r4luymam5p6amhmi6c2lbhwon3q9vnm 2280009 2279999 2026-06-07T01:02:25Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280009 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ma4xia1|verb}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|màxiā}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[よこめ|横目]]に見る。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=汉语大字典|edition=第二版|page=4357|author=汉语大字典委员会|isbn=9787806825006|publisher=四川辞書出版社}} dl85nmhpzl68lqthhwyayes2gzhibkw 2280056 2280009 2026-06-07T01:23:25Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2280056 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・音読み:ばっかつ ===== 意義 ===== #[[よこめ|横目]]に見る。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ma4xia1|verb}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|màxiā}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[よこめ|横目]]に見る。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=汉语大字典|edition=第二版|page=4357|author=汉语大字典委员会|isbn=9787806825006|publisher=四川辞書出版社}} 4wloab94759k9pneqt0vt5gdmvl1md3 2280074 2280056 2026-06-07T03:04:46Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[Special:Contributions/しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[User talk:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) による版 [[Special:Diff/2280056|2280056]] を取り消し 2280074 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ma4xia1|verb}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|màxiā}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[よこめ|横目]]に見る。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=汉语大字典|edition=第二版|page=4357|author=汉语大字典委员会|isbn=9787806825006|publisher=四川辞書出版社}} dl85nmhpzl68lqthhwyayes2gzhibkw 0 589006 2279985 2026-06-07T00:37:15Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|えいごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|えいごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|英語|辞書学}}[[英語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2279985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|えいごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|えいごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|英語|辞書学}}[[英語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。 hm6dzhmxmupd1c865b9ctw0dhpekrus 0 589007 2279987 2026-06-07T00:39:00Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|フランスごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|フランスごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|フランス語|辞書学}}[[フランス語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2279987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|フランスごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|フランスごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|フランス語|辞書学}}[[フランス語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。 26ku426tk2zzustg6zkdqsxb8xhw1nd 0 589008 2279990 2026-06-07T00:40:29Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ドイツごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ドイツごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|ドイツ語|辞書学}}[[ドイツ語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2279990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ドイツごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ドイツごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|ドイツ語|辞書学}}[[ドイツ語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。 0n4bvncerweba02x0ncj4cpwvrc7a58 0 589009 2279992 2026-06-07T00:42:10Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|イタリアごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|イタリアごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|イタリア語|辞書学}}[[イタリア語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2279992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|イタリアごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|イタリアごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|イタリア語|辞書学}}[[イタリア語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。 32wb4lfjhwqn7s1diofgsypek3bjuak 0 589010 2279993 2026-06-07T00:44:59Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ロシアごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ロシアごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|ロシア語|辞書学}}[[ロシア語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2279993 wikitext text/x-wiki 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2280004 2026-06-07T00:52:58Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちゅうごくごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ちゅうごくごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|中国語|辞書学}}[[中国語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2280004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちゅうごくごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ちゅうごくごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|中国語|辞書学}}[[中国語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。 heg9rblninzs9ck3dni0sgu9caetn7q 0 589017 2280005 2026-06-07T00:54:25Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちょうせんごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ちょうせんごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|朝鮮語|辞書学}}[[朝鮮語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2280005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちょうせんごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ちょうせんごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|朝鮮語|辞書学}}[[朝鮮語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。 7brmacfmrz0d8iwqyo8s5y6dhg7fq01 0 589018 2280006 2026-06-07T00:56:20Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ギリシアごじてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ギリシアごじてん}} #{{タグ|ja|ギリシア語|辞書学}}[[ギリシア語]]の[[単語]]や[[熟語]]、用法等を解説した[[辞書]]。」 2280006 wikitext text/x-wiki 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#（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 9m84y32f89eyi6y8n9jhaje0s7qngk8 2280064 2280063 2026-06-07T02:45:49Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 脚注 */ 2280064 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #*草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 3diq86p2637iw1fov4h1qm4whqgoq68 2280065 2280064 2026-06-07T02:46:37Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{noun}} */ 2280065 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ===== 発音 ===== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 84w2x0hu3jgz1ru3zrcxfdprfq9uztb 2280066 2280065 2026-06-07T02:51:12Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 発音 */ 2280066 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ==={{pron}}=== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 a4es0mjroh9b2dn2ikatzid2mh5zm2o 2280080 2280066 2026-06-07T03:22:16Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 名詞 */ 2280080 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ==={{pron}}=== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == 𦸶䓥（zhálà） #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 nb1erlq3c9jpveeagpjwr6zux2l05mb 2280082 2280080 2026-06-07T03:23:16Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 名詞 */ 2280082 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ==={{pron}}=== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == 𦸶䓥（{{zhá}}{{là}}） #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 3voq4f91zjtu5581qqcmvxra5p35e18 2280083 2280082 2026-06-07T03:23:42Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 名詞 */ 2280083 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ==={{pron}}=== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == 𦸶䓥（zhálà） #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 nb1erlq3c9jpveeagpjwr6zux2l05mb 2280085 2280083 2026-06-07T03:26:00Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 名詞 */ 2280085 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == ==={{pron}}=== ・（音読み）さつらつ（saturatu） ==={{noun}}=== 𦸶䓥（さつらつ） #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 == 脚注 == #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search == 中国語 == ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} == 名詞 == 𦸶䓥（[[zhá]][[là]]） #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 [[カテゴリ:日本語|中国語|日本語名詞|拼音|発音]] == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 ltrpht0mi7gy56vfs9pezlm66p4mstg 2280088 2280085 2026-06-07T05:28:58Z M-30722 1202 スタイルの修正 2280088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|さつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さつらつ}} #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 ==脚注== #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zha2la4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 ==脚注== #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 7jdlr1hkud18vm2b6hof5xr20r3f3ib 2280112 2280088 2026-06-07T05:52:22Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 2280112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|さつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さつらつ}} #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 ==脚注== #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zha2la4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 ==脚注== #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] 3l2q40dx59mfv3me5agiedbaynfcea5 2280136 2280112 2026-06-07T06:03:33Z M-30722 1202 テンプレートでカテゴリが付くようにしていますので手打ちのカテゴリは不要（二重付与になる）です 2280136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|さつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さつらつ}} #草むらを蛇が這う音。 #草むらの虫が動く音。 ==脚注== #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zha2la4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhálà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）草むらを蛇が這う音。 ==脚注== #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A6%B8%B6?secondary=search #https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjiy/28720 nzr78g6mrzpxg2zp74r70h19w79im4l 0 589020 2280067 2026-06-07T02:53:30Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[じめつ]]}} #[[遷化]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|じめつ}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2280067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[じめつ]]}} #[[遷化]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|じめつ}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 65j036c6qowc16xc86pphgumziiyzc9 0 589021 2280068 2026-06-07T02:56:20Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[示滅]]】:遷化すること。 *【[[自滅]]】:自分で滅びること。」 2280068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[示滅]]】:遷化すること。 *【[[自滅]]】:自分で滅びること。 34ia4kleehatktlatatqyfkawpaki7q 0 589022 2280071 2026-06-07T02:59:06Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しめつ]]}} #[[きえる|消え]]て[[なくなる|無くなる]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しめつ}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2280071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しめつ]]}} #[[きえる|消え]]て[[なくなる|無くなる]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しめつ}} {{日本語サ変活用}} f0uvsu8ubseaf3t0tz3vdp4g8ytwzbx 0 589023 2280072 2026-06-07T03:01:19Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[死滅]]】:死に絶えること。 *【[[澌滅]]】:消えて無くなること。」 2280072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じめつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[死滅]]】:死に絶えること。 *【[[澌滅]]】:消えて無くなること。 iu75fivr9xb33nc7fh8st3wpy9iplq0 0 589024 2280075 2026-06-07T03:06:23Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 ページの作成:「=={{en}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{suffix+|child|less}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{en-adj|-}} # {{おくりがな3|子|こ||無|な|し|こなし}}の。{{ふりがな|子供|こども}}のいない。 #* a '''childless''' working couple #*:'''子無しの'''共働き夫婦。DINKs。」 2280075 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{en}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{suffix+|child|less}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{en-adj|-}} # {{おくりがな3|子|こ||無|な|し|こなし}}の。{{ふりがな|子供|こども}}のいない。 #* a '''childless''' working couple #*:'''子無しの'''共働き夫婦。DINKs。 q83ruvlctp24n955kmq0fgk1amwb8fu 0 589025 2280076 2026-06-07T03:14:29Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[そうとく]]}} #身を[[きよめる|清め]]、[[徳]]を[[うける|受ける]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|そうとく}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2280076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[そうとく]]}} #身を[[きよめる|清め]]、[[徳]]を[[うける|受ける]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|そうとく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} h8sbeztifoime5ts0f3rv9yf4wd26qd 0 589026 2280077 2026-06-07T03:17:36Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そうどく|ぞうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[澡徳]]】:身を清め、徳を受けること。 *【[[総督]]】:統べ率いること。」 2280077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そうどく|ぞうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[澡徳]]】:身を清め、徳を受けること。 *【[[総督]]】:統べ率いること。 fv4gog0c4cqhw4x4fgn2dgq5o4eubjk 0 589027 2280078 2026-06-07T03:19:13Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうどく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[そうどく]]}} #[[損傷]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|そうどく}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2280078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうどく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[そうどく]]}} #[[損傷]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|そうどく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} e2ue43us6wsublf9xwmpdg2zrcri2nf 0 589028 2280079 2026-06-07T03:21:18Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そうとく|ぞうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[創毒]]】:損傷。 *【[[瘡毒]]】:梅毒。」 2280079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そうとく|ぞうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[創毒]]】:損傷。 *【[[瘡毒]]】:梅毒。 8bgq0wtuvb85f08ybe6e4ys8icx79yf 0 589029 2280081 2026-06-07T03:23:01Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そうとく|そうどく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[蔵匿]]】:隠匿。」 2280081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|そうとく|そうどく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[蔵匿]]】:隠匿。 fvdbb58jep20djpx36gs40y3v9lq0vl 0 589030 2280086 2026-06-07T03:26:32Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぞうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ぞうとく]]}} #[[他人]]に見つからないように隠して置くこと。[[隠匿]]。 #[[犯人]]などを[[かくまう]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ぞうとく}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2280086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぞうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ぞうとく]]}} #[[他人]]に見つからないように隠して置くこと。[[隠匿]]。 #[[犯人]]などを[[かくまう]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|ぞうとく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} nutz4x6oaosgxgy8h6ql0aiv4csfw40 0 589031 2280138 2026-06-07T06:06:07Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|che1zhe2|名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/111401842…」 2280138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|che1zhe2|名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] geqvk7657s6zg9rscfqgqrijhdtgzn4 2280140 2280138 2026-06-07T06:07:45Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2280140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|che1zhe2}} {{zh-cat|che1zhe2|名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] oaxcjxwm6cjgj28tqutpe86m6rb43i8 2280141 2280140 2026-06-07T06:08:50Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{pron}} */ 2280141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|che1zhe4}} {{zh-cat|che1zhe2|名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] brh0ackbg6sihikxiuzn8mx75b8gm3d 2280145 2280141 2026-06-07T06:14:49Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{pron}} */ 2280145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|)chēzhé}} {{zh-cat||名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] g5xoxnryfxkem3stcjniurke8ti68gz 2280146 2280145 2026-06-07T06:17:05Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{pron}} */ 2280146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhe1zhe2)}} {{zh-cat||名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] kxb7yigjdjcra6l95zy7lrt63uwjrcn 2280202 2280146 2026-06-07T08:46:52Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{pron}} */ 2280202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhēzhé)}} {{zh-cat||名詞}} =={{noun}}== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 [[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:日本語 名詞]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] 4bau43lsxai1j02qtitgdimvov8mj6u 2280204 2280202 2026-06-07T08:51:32Z M-30722 1202 余計な括弧「)」が付いています 2280204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゃてつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゃ|てつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しゃてつ}} #とても。 #甚だしいことや、尊大であること。 =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhēzhé}} {{zh-cat|zhe1zhe2|名詞}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）甚だしいことや尊大であること。 ==脚注== #https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5B #https://x.com/JUMANJIKYO/status/1114018424995188736 ie114docdp8fdq44az7r1vfhap5h3ee 2280206 2280204 2026-06-07T08:54:53Z Kuroco2k 84207 WikipediaはTwitterを情報源として使うのは芳しくない+日本語としての語の存在を証明できない（大漢和辞典にも掲載がない） 2280206 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhe1zhe2|adj|俗語}} ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|zh|𨐃𨰵|嗹嗻|唓唫}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhēzhé}} ==={{adjc}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{q|俗語}} 意気[[軒昂]]とした。 ===脚注=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=七修類稿|author=郎瑛|authorlink=zh:郎瑛|volume=第二十三巻|chapter=諺語觧|page=88|date=日付なし}} pdalopmcgmy1yda8mkv5n69yoz8aq07 0 589032 2280151 2026-06-07T06:33:44Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」と同じ。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]]カテ…」 2280151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」と同じ。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] 2dm55ihp37of8g5z9ayavz1uuh0i26f 2280152 2280151 2026-06-07T06:36:20Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{pron}} */ 2280152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」と同じ。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|}} {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] s2l7g6c4wjyfi3h58owfu30g6sd6wn7 2280153 2280152 2026-06-07T06:36:56Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{noun}} */ 2280153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|}} {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] jm1y29ur2tv9w36qkc9doqmqeeip7l4 2280154 2280153 2026-06-07T06:37:46Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2280154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] nmo05nzbhpfakts1lusxijv8iri7krq 2280156 2280154 2026-06-07T06:39:38Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2280156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] 5we4prnpnvm3dw3kwxlu6n6gbo55qam 2280157 2280156 2026-06-07T06:40:14Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2280157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] 2qlcweiqc0woc4c4k4tpb2ljflczycu 2280158 2280157 2026-06-07T06:41:41Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{pron}} */ 2280158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] 240ck9nqnq2apn5bfduoq1gtxknw94l 2280162 2280158 2026-06-07T06:45:31Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* {{L|ja}} */ 2280162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|[[gā]][[lá]]|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF [[カテゴリ:隅]][[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]] gf0vw2wjhq7ebvcdzqkh39qq6pklsfd 2280179 2280162 2026-06-07T07:02:28Z M-30722 1202 修正 2280179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かつらつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|らつ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かつらつ}} #かこまれた区域のかど。[[隅]]。「旮旯」とも。「がろう」とも読む。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ga1la4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（[[日本語]]に同じ）[[隅]]。 == 脚注 == #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A1%89%85 #https://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E6%97%AE%E6%97%AF 31baosmph27oh3afj6525en2xkdfg73 2280232 2280179 2026-06-07T09:40:15Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280232 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ga1la4|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{alt form|zh|旮旯}} ===参考文献=== ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=汉语大字典|edition=第二版|page=448|author=汉语大字典委员会|isbn=9787806825006|publisher=四川辞書出版社}} i0vf0d2egwgfd7owx3thfr0fzy3zmku 2280233 2280232 2026-06-07T09:40:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280233 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ga1la4|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gālà}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{alt form|zh|旮旯}} ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=汉语大字典|edition=第二版|page=448|author=汉语大字典委员会|isbn=9787806825006|publisher=四川辞書出版社}} 8vquw6f2nu9km9ihz3gm01yuplrme43 1 589033 2280159 2026-06-07T06:41:57Z M-30722 1202 /* カテゴリに関する質問 */ 新しい節 2280159 wikitext text/x-wiki == カテゴリに関する質問 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} {{temp|ja-noun}}で「カテゴリ:日本語」と「カテゴリ:日本語 名詞」、{{temp|zh-cat}}で「カテゴリ:中国語」と「カテゴリ:中国語 名詞」が自動で付与されるのですが、わざわざ手打ちで<nowiki>[[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]]</nowiki>を付けているのは何の為ですか？また、「カテゴリ:隅」は一体何のカテゴリですか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:41 (UTC) l5ipc1p5ou7atnc6z5vlhx11kb19fdq 2280160 2280159 2026-06-07T06:44:49Z M-30722 1202 追記 2280160 wikitext text/x-wiki == カテゴリに関する質問 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} {{temp|ja-noun}}で「カテゴリ:日本語」と「カテゴリ:日本語 名詞」、{{temp|zh-cat}}で「カテゴリ:中国語」と「カテゴリ:中国語 名詞」が自動で付与されるのですが、わざわざ手打ちで<nowiki>[[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]]</nowiki>を付けているのは何の為ですか？また、「カテゴリ:隅」は一体何のカテゴリですか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:41 (UTC) :（追記）また、{{temp|zh-cat}}の引数1のソートキーの声調は番号で示します（左記リンク内の使い方参照）。また、ソートキーにリンクを付けるようなことはしません。 7b6teplnpgyaqbfs19hg8y8lh5xv5tb 2280161 2280160 2026-06-07T06:44:59Z M-30722 1202 2280161 wikitext text/x-wiki == カテゴリに関する質問 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} {{temp|ja-noun}}で「カテゴリ:日本語」と「カテゴリ:日本語 名詞」、{{temp|zh-cat}}で「カテゴリ:中国語」と「カテゴリ:中国語 名詞」が自動で付与されるのですが、わざわざ手打ちで<nowiki>[[カテゴリ:日本語]][[カテゴリ:中国語]]</nowiki>を付けているのは何の為ですか？また、「カテゴリ:隅」は一体何のカテゴリですか？--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:41 (UTC) :（追記）また、{{temp|zh-cat}}の引数1のソートキーの声調は番号で示します（左記リンク内の使い方参照）。また、ソートキーにリンクを付けるようなことはしません。 --[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:44 (UTC) i4j99tmhc687ofmtyln5ldqg47y1sy5 1 589034 2280163 2026-06-07T06:46:05Z M-30722 1202 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 新しい節 2280163 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) o1cnwgl1dw4oivynmts7lutvm8xrbk6 2280169 2280163 2026-06-07T06:52:30Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 返信 2280169 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) :https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%89%85%F0%A1%89%86#%7B%7BL%7Cja%7D%7Dの中国語にあるカテゴリの修正(消す)が出来ないのですが、修正の仕方わかる方教えてください--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:52 (UTC) 4kpmotsaqe1mhrbdu7entsd5tmsok7h 2280180 2280169 2026-06-07T07:03:48Z M-30722 1202 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 返信 2280180 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) :https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%89%85%F0%A1%89%86#%7B%7BL%7Cja%7D%7Dの中国語にあるカテゴリの修正(消す)が出来ないのですが、修正の仕方わかる方教えてください--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:52 (UTC) ::[[テンプレート:zh-cat]]の説明に従って書けば正常に動きます。まずは使い方の説明を読みましょうよ--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:03 (UTC) 0ro71nlspom8leh0wcbbv3lidy9y472 2280181 2280180 2026-06-07T07:05:49Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 返信 2280181 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) :https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%89%85%F0%A1%89%86#%7B%7BL%7Cja%7D%7Dの中国語にあるカテゴリの修正(消す)が出来ないのですが、修正の仕方わかる方教えてください--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:52 (UTC) ::[[テンプレート:zh-cat]]の説明に従って書けば正常に動きます。まずは使い方の説明を読みましょうよ--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:03 (UTC) :::使い方ってどこにありますか。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:05 (UTC) pbgrcpyvmsoilyimen81if0lzxc7sk6 2280183 2280181 2026-06-07T07:12:45Z M-30722 1202 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 返信 2280183 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) :https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%89%85%F0%A1%89%86#%7B%7BL%7Cja%7D%7Dの中国語にあるカテゴリの修正(消す)が出来ないのですが、修正の仕方わかる方教えてください--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:52 (UTC) ::[[テンプレート:zh-cat]]の説明に従って書けば正常に動きます。まずは使い方の説明を読みましょうよ--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:03 (UTC) :::使い方ってどこにありますか。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:05 (UTC) ::::上記「テンプレート:zh-cat」のリンクをクリックしてそこに飛んで下さい。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:12 (UTC) q3frazjha7lnz2oxuyt2xcog914squ5 2280187 2280183 2026-06-07T07:15:57Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 返信 2280187 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) :https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%89%85%F0%A1%89%86#%7B%7BL%7Cja%7D%7Dの中国語にあるカテゴリの修正(消す)が出来ないのですが、修正の仕方わかる方教えてください--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:52 (UTC) ::[[テンプレート:zh-cat]]の説明に従って書けば正常に動きます。まずは使い方の説明を読みましょうよ--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:03 (UTC) :::使い方ってどこにありますか。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:05 (UTC) ::::上記「テンプレート:zh-cat」のリンクをクリックしてそこに飛んで下さい。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:12 (UTC) :::::ありました。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:15 (UTC) hf272f2l9updgbcr8f7e3cxhel876l5 2280201 2280187 2026-06-07T08:41:07Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* エラー修正依頼 */ 返信 2280201 wikitext text/x-wiki == エラー修正依頼 == {{@|しゅんた（漢字大好き）}} エラーが複数出ていますので修正願います。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:46 (UTC) :https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A1%89%85%F0%A1%89%86#%7B%7BL%7Cja%7D%7Dの中国語にあるカテゴリの修正(消す)が出来ないのですが、修正の仕方わかる方教えてください--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 06:52 (UTC) ::[[テンプレート:zh-cat]]の説明に従って書けば正常に動きます。まずは使い方の説明を読みましょうよ--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:03 (UTC) :::使い方ってどこにありますか。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:05 (UTC) ::::上記「テンプレート:zh-cat」のリンクをクリックしてそこに飛んで下さい。--[[利用者:M-30722|M-30722]] ([[利用者・トーク:M-30722|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:12 (UTC) :::::ありました。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 07:15 (UTC) ::::::教えてくれて有難うございます。--[[利用者:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|しゅんた（漢字大好き）]] ([[利用者・トーク:しゅんた（漢字大好き）|トーク]]) 2026年6月7日 (日) 08:41 (UTC) j7eu4m1w9nk6e5itky1uvgeycauplf0 0 589035 2280198 2026-06-07T07:34:16Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:attributivenoun}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{タグ|en|品詞}}[[限定名詞]]。 hj4ozkm40ntetq8qjhtkyg7vzczb0t4 0 589036 2280199 2026-06-07T07:34:50Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:attributivenouns}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|attributive noun}} irmdiip09nmevateg47r4oqq9h580j3 0 589037 2280200 2026-06-07T07:36:33Z M-30722 1202 [[en:tamlayan]]より 2280200 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|tr}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=tr|tɑmɫɑjɑn}} * {{hyphenation|tam|la|yan}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|ı|lar}} #{{タグ|tr|品詞}}[[限定名詞]]。 #{{タグ|tr|格}}[[属格]]。 {{tr-infl-noun-c|a}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|tr|tamlayan hâli}}/{{l|tr|tamlayan hali|hali}}, {{l|tr|tamlayan durumu}} (2) ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|tr|adjective}} #{{タグ|tr|格}}属格の。 ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|tr|tamlanan}} * {{l|tr|belirtili ad tamlaması}} * {{l|tr|belirtisiz ad tamlaması}} rqibrzm67nqka1tl2oe4yn7e3ha6m3k 0 589038 2280203 2026-06-07T08:50:06Z M-30722 1202 [[en:belirtmek]]より 2280203 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ota|tr}} {{m|ota|بلرتمك|tr=belirtmek}}。{{m|tr|belirmek}} の使役。 ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-belirtmek.wav}} ==={{verb}}}=== {{tr-verb|belirtir}} #{{おくりがな2|示|しめ|す|しめす}}、[[表示]]する。 #[[指定]]する。 {{tr-conj}} lpfwsvz9tmb7u6jnp4b1tj9eh7chf4i 0 589039 2280205 2026-06-07T08:53:41Z M-30722 1202 [[en:belirtme]]より 2280205 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|tr}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|yi|ler}} #{{verbal noun of|tr|belirtmek}} ##[[指定]]、[[表示]]。 ##{{タグ|tr|格|by extension}}[[対格]]。 {{tr-infl-noun-v|e}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|tr|belirtme hâli}}/{{l|tr|belirtme hali|hali}} * {{l|tr|belirtme durumu}} * {{l|tr|-i hâli}} 74qlgrveehoyfe2nwpcef4pb2nhjwwy 0 589040 2280208 2026-06-07T08:58:49Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けんげん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けん|げん|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けんげん}} #唇が強く締まっているさま。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qian3yan3|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|yìyǎn}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）唇が強く締まっているさま。 ==脚注== #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A7%A5%9B?secondary=search」 2280208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けんげん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けん|げん|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けんげん}} #唇が強く締まっているさま。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qian3yan3|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|yìyǎn}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）唇が強く締まっているさま。 ==脚注== #https://zi.tools/zi/%F0%A7%A5%9B?secondary=search p3dk39gmumx67vgjkpt0nxtvy9ue04v 2280261 2280208 2026-06-07T10:37:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けんげん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けん|げん|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けんげん}} #[[くちびる|唇]]が強く締まっているさま。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|author={{w|諸橋轍次}}|title=大漢和辞典　巻十|edition=修訂第二版|page=10826|publisher=大修館書店|location=東京|isbn=4-469-03148-8}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qian3yan3|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|qiǎnyǎn}} ==={{adjc}}=== {{zhchars}} #唇が強く締まっているさま。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=改併五音集韻　巻八|edition=欽定四庫全書本|author=韓道昭|page=12}} kvedo8o9z6tmrohfjqdgwinpj2hdzvl 0 589041 2280209 2026-06-07T08:59:55Z M-30722 1202 [[en:belirtme hâli]]より 2280209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:belirtmehali}} {{also|belirtme hali}} =={{L|tr}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|tr|belirtme hali}} ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|tr|belirtme|hâl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|belirtme hâlini|belirtme hâlleri}} #{{タグ|tr|格}}[[対格]]。 {{tr-noun-comp-v|i|stem=belirtme hâl}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|tr|belirtme durumu}} * {{l|tr|-i hâli}} lu63md9gm3w2kyxcmn52407rz60pyes 10 589042 2280210 2026-06-07T09:00:43Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:tr-nouns|compound}}<noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{tr}}_語形変化表テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3gzp9ib3xaefwl5vdvbh54s5ed73uri 0 589043 2280213 2026-06-07T09:12:13Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:belirtmehali}} =={{L|tr}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|belirtme halini}} #{{l|tr|belirtme hâli}}の異綴。 {{tr-noun-comp-v|i|stem=belirtme hal}} pmea3sbpb8rrlksu2nesgv5c3md5kv1 0 589044 2280214 2026-06-07T09:12:19Z Shikayu728 131682 ページの作成:「== 日本語 == === 発音 === {{ja-pron|よそーどーり|acc=4}} === 副詞 === '''[[予#日本語|予]][[想#日本語|想]][[通#日本語|通]]り'''（よそうどおり） # 過去に自分が予測した内容が的中しているさま。 #* {{ref}}: 予想通りに物事が進む。 ==== 関連語 ==== * 類義語: [[案の定]]、[[計画通り]] * 対義語: [[予想外]] ==== 翻訳 ==== * 英語: [[predictably]] {{DEFAULTSORT:よそおとおり}}…」 2280214 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == === 発音 === {{ja-pron|よそーどーり|acc=4}} === 副詞 === '''[[予#日本語|予]][[想#日本語|想]][[通#日本語|通]]り'''（よそうどおり） # 過去に自分が予測した内容が的中しているさま。 #* {{ref}}: 予想通りに物事が進む。 ==== 関連語 ==== * 類義語: [[案の定]]、[[計画通り]] * 対義語: [[予想外]] ==== 翻訳 ==== * 英語: [[predictably]] {{DEFAULTSORT:よそおとおり}} [[Category:日本語]] [[Category:日本語 副詞]] 1m59saclsjrcnwc21erbskpa7t1b1dd 2280225 2280214 2026-06-07T09:28:47Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よそうどおり}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|よそうどーり|acc=4|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{adv}}=== {{ja-adv|よそうどおり|head=[[予想]][[とおり|通]]り}} #[[おもう|思っ]]ていたように。考えていたままに。 #:{{syn|ja|案の定}} #:{{ant|ja|予想外} #*{{ux|ja|'''予想通り'''に物事が進む。}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} 9xr7i8epl3kzi9g056evmjm3u87of66 2280226 2280225 2026-06-07T09:28:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よそうどおり}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|よそうどーり|acc=4|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{adv}}=== {{ja-adv|よそうどおり|head=[[予想]][[とおり|通]]り}} #[[おもう|思っ]]ていたように。考えていたままに。 #:{{syn|ja|案の定}} #:{{ant|ja|予想外}} #*{{ux|ja|'''予想通り'''に物事が進む。}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} le22vzeshhef6hrmct0nl17esdx3ijp 0 589045 2280216 2026-06-07T09:20:23Z M-30722 1202 [[en:hâl]]より 2280216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:hal}} =={{L|cy}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|cel-bry-pro|cy}} {{m|cel-bry-pro|*hal}} < {{etyl|cel-pro|cy}} {{m|cel-pro|*sālos}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|cy}} {{m|ine-pro|*sḗh₂l}} ===={{noun}}==== {{cy-noun|m|halau|pl2=halion}} #{{タグ|cy|化学}}{{ふりがな|塩|エン|yomilink=n}}。 #: {{syn|cy|halwyn}} ====={{rel}}===== * {{l|cy|halen|g=m}} * {{l|cy|halid}} * {{l|cy|hallt}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{noun}}==== {{cy-noun|m|halau}} #[[汚物]]。 ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|cy|halog}} ==={{etym}}3=== ===={{noun}}==== {{head|cy|mutated noun}} #{{l|cy|âl}}のh音添加。 {{cy-mut-auto|âl}} =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ota|tr}} {{m|ota|حال|tr=hal}} < {{etyl|ar|tr}} {{m|ar|حَال}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hyphenation|hâl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tr|noun|限定対格|hâli|複数|hâller|or|ahval}} #[[状態]]、[[状況]]。 #:{{syn|tr|durum|konum|perese|vaziyet}} #{{topcat|tr|格|文法の}}[[格]]。 {{tr-infl-noun-c|e|poss=1}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|tr|durum}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col4|lang=tr|fevkalade hâl|hâlihazır|insan hâli|insanlık hâli|isim hâli|ismin hâli|iyi hâl|keyif hâli|koro hâlinde|lisanıhâl|medenî hâl|nez hâli|olağanüstü hâl|seferî hâl|vasıta hâli|yalın hâl|yönelme hâli|yükleme hâli|aksi hâlde|arzuhâl|behemehâl|fena hâlde|hâl almak|hâl değişimi|hâl dili|hâl tercümesi|hâl ulacı|hâlden anlamak|hâli kalmamak|hâli üzere|hâline bakmak|hâline gelmek|hâlini almak|hasbihâl|her hâlde|her hâlükârda|herhâlde|hüsnühâl|ilmihâl|kendi hâlinde|o hâlde|orta hâlli|şu hâlde|tercümeihâl}} =={{L|lus}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|tbq-kuk-pro|lus}} {{m|tbq-kuk-pro|*haal}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|lus|verb}} #{{タグ|lus|他動詞}}{{おくりがな2|燃|も|やす|もやす}}。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|lus|hâlpuak}} * {{l|lus|hâlpuah}} * {{l|lus|hâl khalh}} * {{l|lus|hâlmawi}} b3m3a9vjoiuk4jbhnqy1zrf2du9t5ho 0 589046 2280217 2026-06-07T09:22:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:merenda]] 2280217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Merenda|merendá}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|it}} {{m|la|merenda}} ==={{pron}}=== {{it-pr|merènda}} *{{音声|it|LL-Q652 (ita)-Happypheasant-merenda.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{it-noun|merend|f|a|e}} #[[おやつ]]。 #:{{syn|it|spuntino}} #小休憩。 #[[ピクニック]]。 #:{{syn|it|picnic}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|it|merendina}} *{{l|it|merendero}} =={{L|gl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|roa-opt|gl}} {{m|roa-opt|merenda}} < {{etyl|la|gl}} {{m|la|merenda}} ===={{cogn}}==== {{cog|it|merenda}} {{cog|es|merienda}} {{cog|pt|merenda}} ==={{noun}}=== {{gl-noun|f}} #食間の[[軽食]]。 #[[ピクニック]]。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|gl|merendar}} *{{l|gl|quitamerendas}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:gl:DDLG}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor+|cs|it|merenda}} < {{etyl|la|cs}} {{m|la|merenda}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|f}} #{{context|archaic|lang=cs}} [[舞踏会]]。 #{{context|dialectal|lang=cs}} 茹で[[プラム]]。 #{{context|dialectal|lang=cs}} クリームを入れたプラムジャム。 #{{context|dialectal|lang=cs}} クリームを入れ、すり潰した[[いちご|苺]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:cs:PSJC}} *{{R:cs:SSJC}} *{{R:cs:IJP}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} *{{rhymes|lang=pt|ẽdɐ|s=3}} *{{hyph|pt|me|ren|da}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|roa-opt|pt}} {{m|roa-opt|merenda}} < {{etyl|la|pt}} {{m|la|merenda}} ===={{noun}}==== {{pt-noun|f}} #[[校内]]での食事。 #[[間食]]。 ====={{drv}}===== *{{l|pt|merendar}} *{{l|pt|merendeiro}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|pt|verb form}} #{{verb form of|pt|merendar||ind|3|s|pres|;|imp|2|s}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:pt:Aulete}} *{{R:pt:Priberam}} =={{L|la}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{m|la|merēre}}の派生<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|page=374}}</ref>。 ==={{pron}}=== *{{la-IPA|merenda}} ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun+|merenda<1>}} #{{q|やや遅めの}} [[午餐]]。 #[[風味]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{la-ndecl|merenda<1>}} ===={{desc}}==== *イタロ・ロマンス語: **{{desc|it|merenda}} **{{desc|scn|mirenna}} **{{desc|nap|merenna}} *イベロ・ロマンス語: **{{desc|ast|merienda}} **{{desc|roa-opt|merenda}} ***{{desc|gl|merenda}} ***{{desc|pt|merenda}} **{{desctree|es|merienda}} *北ガロ・ロマンス語: **{{desc|frp|marendar}} **{{desc|fro|marende}} ***{{desc|roa-brg|mairande}} ***{{desc|wa|marinde}} *ダルマチア語: **{{desc|dlm|marianda}} *島ロマンス語: **{{desc|sc|merenda}} *パダーニャ語: **{{desc|ist|marenda}} **{{desc|vec|marenda}} ***{{desc|cim|maren|bor=1}} **{{desc|egl|brenda|branda}} **{{desc|fur|mirinde}} **{{desc|pms|marenda}} **{{desc|lld|marënda}} **{{desc|rgn|brenda}} **{{desc|rm|marenda}} ***{{desc|de|Marend|bor=1}} ***{{desc|mhn|marenn|bor=1|unc=1}} *バルカン・ロマンス語: **{{desc|rup|mirindi}} **{{desc|ro|merinde}} *南ガロ・ロマンス語: **{{desc|an|brenna|berienda|alts=1}} **{{desc|oc|merenda}} **{{desc|ca|berena}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} pf4whzgnlwr2f6lnmqtj3jkwq18u7gi 0 589047 2280218 2026-06-07T09:22:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:acústica]] 2280218 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ca}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor+|ca|fr|acoustique}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ca-noun|f|-}} #{{context|physics|lang=ca}} [[音響学]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{adjc}}==== {{head|ca|adjective form|g=f-s}} #{{feminine singular of|ca|acústic}} =={{L|gl}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor+|gl|fr|acoustique}} ===={{noun}}==== {{gl-noun|f|-}} #{{context|physics|lang=gl}} [[音響学]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{adjc}}==== {{head|gl|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|gl|acústico}} ===脚注=== *{{R:gl:DRAG}} =={{L|es}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{es-pr}} *{{音声|es|LL-Q1321 (spa)-Marreromarco-acústica.wav|a=Venezuela}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor+|es|fr|acoustique}} ===={{noun}}==== {{es-noun|f|-}} #[[音響]]。 #{{context|physics|lang=es}} [[音響学]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{adjc}}==== {{head|es|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|es|acústico}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:es:DRAE|acústico}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} *{{hyph|pt|a|cús|ti|ca}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor+|pt|fr|acoustique}} ===={{noun}}==== {{pt-noun|f|-}} #[[音響]]。 #{{context|physics|lang=pt}} [[音響学]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{adjc}}==== {{head|pt|adjective form}} #{{feminine singular of|pt|acústico}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:pt:Aulete}} *{{R:pt:Priberam}} hcow4z07dilc1xtuc6d81r5iimkmtha 14 589048 2280219 2026-06-07T09:23:02Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280219 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="pathnavbox"> * {{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{tr}}|{{tr}}_科学|disp4=科学|{{tr}}_人文科学|disp5=人文科学|{{tr}}_言語学|disp6=言語学|{{tr}}_文法|disp7=文法|last=格}} * {{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|科学|人文科学|言語学|文法|格|last={{tr}}}} </div> {{catmore}} [[カテゴリ:{{tr}}_文法|*かく]] [[カテゴリ:格|とるここ]] mtmh6k17r3pptw3iy20y7gnpgo0k4r4 0 589049 2280221 2026-06-07T09:25:22Z Shikayu728 131682 新規作成 2280221 wikitext text/x-wiki == 日本語 == {{Wikipedia|一回転}} === 発音 === {{ja-pron|いっかいてん|acc=3}} === 名詞 === '''[[一#日本語|一]][[回#日本語|回]][[転#日本語|転]]'''（いっかいてん） # 軸を中心に一周すること。 #* {{ref}}: 車輪の一回転。 ==== 関連語 ==== * 類義語: [[一転]] {{DEFAULTSORT:いつかいてん}} [[Category:日本語]] [[Category:日本語 名詞 サ変動詞]] [[Category:日本語 動詞 サ変]] m87p83g9shqd1yi8na6ssrhqdjtl17t 2280227 2280221 2026-06-07T09:32:37Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いっかいてん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{Wikipedia|一回転}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|いっかいてん|acc=3|acc_ref=SMK5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|いっかいてん}} #物体などが、[[軸]]を中心に一度、円形の運動をすること。 #:{{syn|ja|ひとまわり|一転}} #*{{ux|ja|車輪の'''一回転'''。}} #{{q|何度か作業を行ううちの}} 一回が完了すること<ref name="SMK5" />。 ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} t5dsweemz1p8t8vu06qxy8dqmyizdds 0 589050 2280229 2026-06-07T09:37:37Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|やくやく}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|やく|やく|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|やくやく}} #[[水面]]に[[風]]が[[吹く]]さま。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|yue4yue4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|yuèyuè}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）[[水面]]に[[風]]が[[吹く]]さま。 ==脚注== #漢字辞典オンライン #zi.tools [[カテゴリ:名詞]][[カテゴリ:日本語]]」 2280229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|やくやく}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|やく|やく|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|やくやく}} #[[水面]]に[[風]]が[[吹く]]さま。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|yue4yue4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|yuèyuè}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）[[水面]]に[[風]]が[[吹く]]さま。 ==脚注== #漢字辞典オンライン #zi.tools [[カテゴリ:名詞]][[カテゴリ:日本語]] bt05i5gejvcrvvv752zxpw80sk9d1m6 2280256 2280229 2026-06-07T10:21:18Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280256 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|yue4yue4|adj}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|yuèyuè}} ==={{adjc}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[みなも|水面]]に[[かぜ|風]]が吹くさま。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=汉语大字典|edition=第二版|page=3559|author=汉语大字典委员会|isbn=9787806825006|publisher=四川辞書出版社}} r89eea1vysr6wna586d2idelebwxxrk 0 589051 2280230 2026-06-07T09:39:27Z M-30722 1202 [[en:manure]]より 2280230 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|maynouren}}, {{m|enm|manuren}} < {{etyl|xno}} {{m|fro|meinourer}}, {{etyl|fro}} {{m|fro|manovrer}} < {{etyl|VL.}} {{m|la||*manuoperare}} < {{etyl|la}} {{m|la|manus|manū}} + {{m|la|operārī}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|məˈnjʊə|məˈnjɔː|a=RP}} * {{IPA|lang=en|məˈnʊɹ|a=GenAm}} * {{音声|en|En-us-manure.ogg|a=US}} * {{hyphenation|ma|nure}} * {{hyphenation|ma|nu|re}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|ʊə(ɹ)|s=2}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|manur|ing}} #{{タグ|en|archaic|literary}}[[肥料]]をやる。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|manurer}} * {{l|en|overmanure}} * {{l|en|remanure}} * {{l|en|manurable}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|~}} #{{タグ|en|農業}}肥料、{{おくりがな2|肥|こ|やし|こやし}}。 #: {{syn|en|dung}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col3|lang=en|manurage|manurance|manureless|manurelike|manurey|manurial|humanure|green manure|horse manure|manure fork|manure spreader|poor man's manure}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|en|fertilizer}} * {{l|en|muck}} 0h1u8bxi3g7j236cehx0ksab0oimgm6 0 589052 2280231 2026-06-07T09:40:14Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:旮旯]] 2280231 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ga1la4|noun}} {{yue-cat|go1lo1|noun}} ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|zh|𡉅𡉆}} ==={{etym}}=== 不明。{{etyl|och|-}} {{m|och|角|tr=*kroːɡ, *ɡ·roːɡ}}の発音が一部方言に残ったものと推測されるが、語の登場は比較的最近のものである。 ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|gālà}} {{yue-pron|go1 lo1,kaa1 laa1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{ふりがな|隅|すみ}}。 #人里離れた地。 #[[場所]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{zh-der|旮旯兒|山旮旯|犄角旮旯|犄里旮旯|背旮旯兒}} ekln8tgccxfoczecpzgy7o9kquy5q6x 0 589053 2280234 2026-06-07T09:40:59Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280234 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|manure}}の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{l|en|manure}}の複数形。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aemnrsu|Mansure|surname}} eaq28h90dklps81dttphz2o2us5dj9w 0 589054 2280235 2026-06-07T09:42:08Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280235 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|manure}}の現在分詞。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{タグ|en|農業}}[[施肥]]。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=agimnnru|unarming}} q3jdwrwtw76n6tb6oftwx03nxe3nquj 0 589055 2280236 2026-06-07T09:42:46Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280236 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|manuring}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=agimnnrsu|surnaming}} s4wd31kcoc3ixx42eonhqmed44rdpj6 0 589056 2280239 2026-06-07T09:46:18Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280239 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|manure}}の過去形・過去分詞。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|unmanured}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=ademnru|Mundare|duramen|maunder|unarmed|undream}} giln7vb14ri5yto2yo9hirmhaslrm23 0 589057 2280241 2026-06-07T09:51:25Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうぼう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|そう|ぼう|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|そうぼう}} #眠りから覚めること。 #夢から覚めること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|seng4meng4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|sēngmèng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）眠りから覚めること。 ==脚注== #k'zBookshelf[[漢字]]林」 2280241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうぼう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|そう|ぼう|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|そうぼう}} #眠りから覚めること。 #夢から覚めること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|seng4meng4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|sēngmèng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）眠りから覚めること。 ==脚注== #k'zBookshelf[[漢字]]林 dml3qekynt5di2tsqpsbqtqspmonvp4 2280242 2280241 2026-06-07T09:52:16Z しゅんた（漢字大好き） 131857 /* 脚注 */ 2280242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうぼう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|そう|ぼう|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|そうぼう}} #眠りから覚めること。 #夢から覚めること。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|seng4meng4|名詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|sēngmèng}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）眠りから覚めること。 ==脚注== #k'zBookshelfの[[漢字]]林 5aotn3auu0hgx2429n709dwgu4h5x9e 2280255 2280242 2026-06-07T10:21:18Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280255 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|seng4meng4|verb}} ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|zh|𧀧𧄼}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|sēngmèng}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[めざめる|目覚める]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=改併五音集韻　巻十二|edition=欽定四庫全書本|author=韓道昭|page=150}} jmbc7b159qs3dh5w0z4c8iot50h9sk8 0 589058 2280243 2026-06-07T10:04:21Z M-30722 1202 [[en:dung]]より 2280243 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|ˈdʌŋ}} ** {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dung.wav|a=UK}} ** {{音声|en|En-us-dung.ogg|a=US}} * {{IPA|lang=en|dʊŋ|a=Northern England|a2=Midlands}} * {{IPA|lang=en|dʊŋɡ|a=Northern England|a2=Midlands|a3=non-ng-coalescence}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|ʌŋ|s=1}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|[[dung]], [[dunge]], [[donge]]}} < {{etyl|ang}} {{m|ang|dung}} < {{etyl|gmw-pro}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dungu}} < {{etyl|gem-pro}} {{m|gem-pro|*dungō}} < {{etyl|ine-pro}} {{m|ine-pro|*dʰengʰ-}} ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun|~}} #{{タグ|en|農業}}[[糞]]、[[肥料]]、{{おくりがな2|肥|こ|やし|こやし}}。 ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=en|dung beetle|dung fly|dung fork|dunghill|dungy|cow dung|cow-dung|devil's dung|dung funnel|dung heap|dungheap|dung-hunter|dung moss|bedung|bulldung|cowdung|dingle|dingy|dungball|dunger|dungfly|dungfork|dunghole|dunglike|dungmere|dungmixen|dungstead|dungyard|horsedung|tumbledung|dung puncher}} ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|他動詞}}肥料をやる。 #{{タグ|en|自動詞}}[[脱糞]]する。 ==={{etym}}2=== {{l|en|ding}} 参照 ===={{verb}}==== {{head|en|verb form}} [[カテゴリ:{{en}}_{{verb}}_不規則変化|ding pp]] #{{タグ|en|obsolete}} {{l|en|ding}}の過去分詞。 ==={{etym}}3=== 不明 ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|口語}}{{おくりがな2|捨|す|てる|すてる}}、[[廃棄]]する ==={{etym}}4=== オノマトペ ===={{interjection}}==== {{head|en|interjection}} #{{タグ|en|オノマトペ}}{{l|en|dong}}の異綴。 ==={{seealso}}=== *[[dung tag]] ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=dgnu|UNDG}} =={{L|ang}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{ang-IPA|dung}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|ang}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dung}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{alter+|ang|dinġ}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ang-noun|f|dynġ}} #[[地下牢]]、[[監獄]]。 {{ang-decl-noun-cons-f|dung|dynġ}} ====={{syn}}===== * {{l|ang|dimhūs}} ====={{desc}}===== * {{desc|enm|donge|dung|dunge}} * {{desc|xno|donjon|alt=donjun|sml=1}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|ang}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dungu}} < {{etyl|gem-pro|ang}} {{m|gem-pro|*dungō}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|ang}} {{m|ine-pro|*dʰengʰ-}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{alter+|ang|ding}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ang-noun|f}} #{{タグ|ang|農業}}[[糞]]、[[肥料]]、{{おくりがな2|肥|こ|やし|こやし}}。 {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|dung}} ====={{desc}}===== * {{desc|enm|donge|dong|donke|doung|dounge|dung|dunge}} ** {{desc|en|dung}} ** {{desc|sco|dung}} =={{L|osx}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|osx}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dung}} ==={{noun}}=== {{osx-noun|g=m|g2=f}} #[[製織]]。 ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|gml|dunk|dunc}} =={{L|jam}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|jam}} {{m|en|down}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=jam|ˈdʌŋ}} ==={{adverb}}=== {{head|jam|adverb}} #{{ふりがな|下|した}}に。 =={{L|enm}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|enm|noun}} #{{l|enm|donge}}の異形。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{alter}}=== * (北ベトナム) {{l|vi|dong}} ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{音声|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dung.wav|a=Hanoi}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|vi|verb|kanji=容}} #{{タグ|vi|archaic|or|literary|sort=dung1 dung}}許す、許容する。 ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun|kanji=容}} #{{タグ|vi|儒教|sort=dung1 dung}} [[婦容]]。 ==={{drv}}=== {{col3|lang=vi|bao dung|công dung ngôn hạnh|dung nạp|dung sai|dung tha|dung thân|dung thứ|khoan dung|dung nhan|hình dung|dung mạo|trời không dung, đất không tha|dung túng}} odlz76yp55mdj9propm1kukf44n62b5 2280249 2280243 2026-06-07T10:10:28Z M-30722 1202 /* {{L|ang}} */ 2280249 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|ˈdʌŋ}} ** {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dung.wav|a=UK}} ** {{音声|en|En-us-dung.ogg|a=US}} * {{IPA|lang=en|dʊŋ|a=Northern England|a2=Midlands}} * {{IPA|lang=en|dʊŋɡ|a=Northern England|a2=Midlands|a3=non-ng-coalescence}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|ʌŋ|s=1}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|[[dung]], [[dunge]], [[donge]]}} < {{etyl|ang}} {{m|ang|dung}} < {{etyl|gmw-pro}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dungu}} < {{etyl|gem-pro}} {{m|gem-pro|*dungō}} < {{etyl|ine-pro}} {{m|ine-pro|*dʰengʰ-}} ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun|~}} #{{タグ|en|農業}}[[糞]]、[[肥料]]、{{おくりがな2|肥|こ|やし|こやし}}。 ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=en|dung beetle|dung fly|dung fork|dunghill|dungy|cow dung|cow-dung|devil's dung|dung funnel|dung heap|dungheap|dung-hunter|dung moss|bedung|bulldung|cowdung|dingle|dingy|dungball|dunger|dungfly|dungfork|dunghole|dunglike|dungmere|dungmixen|dungstead|dungyard|horsedung|tumbledung|dung puncher}} ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|他動詞}}肥料をやる。 #{{タグ|en|自動詞}}[[脱糞]]する。 ==={{etym}}2=== {{l|en|ding}} 参照 ===={{verb}}==== {{head|en|verb form}} [[カテゴリ:{{en}}_{{verb}}_不規則変化|ding pp]] #{{タグ|en|obsolete}} {{l|en|ding}}の過去分詞。 ==={{etym}}3=== 不明 ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|口語}}{{おくりがな2|捨|す|てる|すてる}}、[[廃棄]]する ==={{etym}}4=== オノマトペ ===={{interjection}}==== {{head|en|interjection}} #{{タグ|en|オノマトペ}}{{l|en|dong}}の異綴。 ==={{seealso}}=== *[[dung tag]] ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=dgnu|UNDG}} =={{L|ang}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{ang-IPA|dung}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|ang}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dung}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{alter+|ang|dinġ}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ang-noun|g=f}} #[[地下牢]]、[[監獄]]。 {{ang-decl-noun-cons-f|dung|dynġ}} ====={{syn}}===== * {{l|ang|dimhūs}} ====={{desc}}===== * {{desc|enm|donge|dung|dunge}} * {{desc|xno|donjon|alt=donjun|sml=1}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|ang}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dungu}} < {{etyl|gem-pro|ang}} {{m|gem-pro|*dungō}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|ang}} {{m|ine-pro|*dʰengʰ-}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{alter+|ang|ding}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ang-noun|g=f}} #{{タグ|ang|農業}}[[糞]]、[[肥料]]、{{おくりがな2|肥|こ|やし|こやし}}。 {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|dung}} ====={{desc}}===== * {{desc|enm|donge|dong|donke|doung|dounge|dung|dunge}} ** {{desc|en|dung}} ** {{desc|sco|dung}} =={{L|osx}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|osx}} {{m|gmw-pro|*dung}} ==={{noun}}=== {{osx-noun|g=m|g2=f}} #[[製織]]。 ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|gml|dunk|dunc}} =={{L|jam}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|jam}} {{m|en|down}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=jam|ˈdʌŋ}} ==={{adverb}}=== {{head|jam|adverb}} #{{ふりがな|下|した}}に。 =={{L|enm}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|enm|noun}} #{{l|enm|donge}}の異形。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{alter}}=== * (北ベトナム) {{l|vi|dong}} ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{音声|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dung.wav|a=Hanoi}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|vi|verb|kanji=容}} #{{タグ|vi|archaic|or|literary|sort=dung1 dung}}許す、許容する。 ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun|kanji=容}} #{{タグ|vi|儒教|sort=dung1 dung}} [[婦容]]。 ==={{drv}}=== {{col3|lang=vi|bao dung|công dung ngôn hạnh|dung nạp|dung sai|dung tha|dung thân|dung thứ|khoan dung|dung nhan|hình dung|dung mạo|trời không dung, đất không tha|dung túng}} 8h2bnp7svxu6q56q05ywosqsxl6tcfd 0 589059 2280244 2026-06-07T10:04:39Z ~2026-33643-04 131869 ページの作成:「{{kanji header|部画=音:9+6}} {{kanji variants|响=[[簡体字]]|響|𲊧|𩐿|㗽|𥀾=[[同字]]}}<ref>[https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=50151 台湾教育部　異体字字典]</ref> ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[音]]」+音符「[[向]] {{phoneme|*KANG}}」。 ===意義=== #[[ひびく]]。 =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}|きよう きょう]] {{ja-kanji|呉音=コウ<カゥ|漢音=キョウ<キャゥ|訓=ひび-く}} =={{L|zh…」 2280244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=音:9+6}} {{kanji variants|响=[[簡体字]]|響|𲊧|𩐿|㗽|𥀾=[[同字]]}}<ref>[https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=50151 台湾教育部　異体字字典]</ref> ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[音]]」+音符「[[向]] {{phoneme|*KANG}}」。 ===意義=== #[[ひびく]]。 =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}|きよう きょう]] {{ja-kanji|呉音=コウ<カゥ|漢音=キョウ<キャゥ|訓=ひび-く}} =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|xiang3]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[xiǎng]] ([[xiang3]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': hsiang³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': heung2 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': hiáng, hióng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': hióng ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': shian2 ** '''[[中古音]]''': *xiǎng ==参照== <references/> 8zxw2k7n9xkwfelgh39tkdbld2934gf 2280257 2280244 2026-06-07T10:24:43Z Kuroco2k 84207 2280257 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|音|6}} {{kanji variants|響}} ===異体字セレクタ=== {{kanjiIVS|ivs=00-01}} ===意義=== #「[[響]]」の[[同字]]（『{{w|龍龕手鑑}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|mj={{mjmoji|053412|053413}}|gb=98328E38|cns=7-2B22|全={{全字庫|469794}}}} {{検字|蒼頡=HBYTA}} {{字典|諸橋=43284|新大字典=18913|hdz=74496.070|康煕=1397.160}} 7c9yspyr0f1l6q6iegqx9yezchzubku 10 589060 2280248 2026-06-07T10:09:13Z M-30722 1202 新規さ雨世 2280248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ang-decl-noun<!-- -->|type=強変化 子音語幹<!-- -->|1={{{nomsg|{{{1}}}}}}<!-- -->|3={{{nomsg|{{{1}}}}}}<!-- -->|5={{{2}}}{{{nit|,{{{1}}}e}}}<!-- -->|7={{{2}}}<!-- -->|2={{{2}}}<!-- -->|4={{{2}}}<!-- -->|6={{{1}}}a<!-- -->|8={{{1}}}um<!-- -->|num={{{num|}}}<!-- -->|title={{{title|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->[[カテゴリ:{{ang}}_{{noun}}_子音語幹]]<!-- --><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{ang}}_語形変化表テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> ctwq7v7k2yu5niqm3pm1mxebq1pqd47 0 589061 2280250 2026-06-07T10:12:00Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Dungs}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dungs.wav|a=UK}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|dung}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|dung}}の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 427ros2p11pa0jcnsahzazazoenbpc1 0 589062 2280251 2026-06-07T10:12:41Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Faust]] 2280251 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|de}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmh|de}} {{m|gmh|fūst}}, {{m|gmh|vūst}}, {{m|gmh|voust}} < {{etyl|goh|de}} {{m|goh|fūst}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=de|/faʊ̯st/}} *{{音声|de|De-Faust.ogg|a=Berlin}} *{{kanahyoki|de|ファ{{small|ウスト}}}} ==={{noun}}=== {{de-noun|g=f|pl=Fäuste}} #{{ふりがな|拳|こぶし}}。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|de|Panzerfaust}} *{{l|de|Faustschlag}} ===参考文献=== *{{Cite book|和書|title=クラウン独和辞典|author=濱川祥枝|publisher=三省堂|year=1997|edition=第二版|page=444|isbn=4-385-12007-2}} =={{L|hrx}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmh|hrx}} {{m|gmh|fūst}}, {{m|gmh|vūst}}, {{m|gmh|voust}} < {{etyl|goh|hrx}} {{m|goh|fūst}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hrx-noun|f|pl=Feist|dim=Feistche}} #{{ふりがな|拳|こぶし}}。 aqu537z6tm0dg0c0ms4jfbdu9nwg2w3 0 589063 2280252 2026-06-07T10:14:08Z M-30722 1202 [[en:belirtme durumu]]より 2280252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:belirtmedurumu}} =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|tr|belirtme|durum}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|belirtme durumunu}} #{{タグ|tr|格}}[[対格]]。 {{tr-noun-comp-v|u|stem=belirtme durum}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|tr|belirtme hâli}} * {{l|tr|-i hâli}} iijb0ykwdzwrmymbo65rkvlc7xphfr9 10 589064 2280253 2026-06-07T10:15:45Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280253 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:tr-conj|main}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{tr-conj|title=yapmak}} [[カテゴリ:{{tr}}_語形変化表テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> hth16n28o2kycfhpmak89gc45o0ekaq 828 589065 2280254 2026-06-07T10:19:12Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Module:tr-conj]]より 2280254 Scribunto text/plain --[[ By Trimpulot Revised module for Turkish conjugation. Here follows a list of what each abbreviation used in variable and function names means: ana = analytic tense (umbrella term for aor, pre, inf, fut, pro, nec) aor = aorist pre = present continuous inf = inferential past fut = future pro = progressive nec = necessitative syn = synthetic tense (umbrella term for pas,con) pas = simple past con = conditional opt = optative imp = imperative impFor = formal imperative impInf = informal imperative infin = infinitive nom = verbal noun impImpPar = impersonal imperfective participle impPerPar = impersonal perfective participle impFutPar = impersonal prospective (or future) participle perPar = personal participle perNfPar = personal non-prospective (or non-future) participle perFutPar = personal prospective (or future) participle temAdv = temporal adverb (1-6) modAdv = modal adverb (1-3) C = all consonants c = final consonant V = all vowels v2 = second-to-last vowel frontHar = true if the verb follows front harmony even though the stem's last vowel is back (eg. harflemek) word = the verb's lemma form irr = irregularity; any information that can't be gathered directly from the verb, to be given manually, it's the only argument the template takes; also used to regulate the behavior of yemek and demek term = the string currently being analyzed (used exclusively within functions) termVowel = the term's form taken before a vowel termIyor = the term's form taken before the suffix -iyor extra = any words preceding the stem stem = the verb's stem stemVowel = the stem's form taken before a vowel stemV2 = the stem's second-to-last vowel stemPol = the stem's polarity (true if positive/potential, false if negative/impotential; pol is the same but as a function argument) stemIsPos = true if the stem is positive, false otherwise (isPos is the same but as a function argument) tam = a tense-aspect-mood slot tamType = any form with only 1 tam suffix; used to determine which secTams and endSet a tam takes (set to false if it takes none) secTams = forms with 1 and 2 tam suffixes endSet = the set of endings a specific secTams takes (set is the same but within functions) ]] local export = {} function export.main(frame) local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("tr") local link = require("Module:links").language_link local highVowel = { ["a"] = "ı", ["â"] = "ı", ["ı"] = "ı", ["e"] = "i", ["i"] = "i", ["î"] = "i", ["o"] = "u", ["u"] = "u", ["û"] = "u", ["ö"] = "ü", ["ü"] = "ü" } local lowVowel = { ["a"] = "a", ["â"] = "a", ["ı"] = "a", ["o"] = "a", ["u"] = "a", ["û"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["i"] = "e", ["î"] = "e", ["ö"] = "e", ["ü"] = "e" } local frontHighVowel = { ["a"] = "i", ["â"] = "i", ["e"] = "i", ["ı"] = "i", ["i"] = "i", ["î"] = "i", ["o"] = "ü", ["ö"] = "ü", ["u"] = "ü", ["û"] = "ü", ["ü"] = "ü" } local lenition = { ["k*"] = "ğ", ["t*"] = "d" } local V = "aeıioöuüâîû" local frontV = "eiöü" local C = "bcçdfgğhjklmnprsştvyzZ*=" local voicelessC = "çfhkpsşt*" local word = frame:getParent().args.title or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local irr = frame:getParent().args[1] if mw.ustring.match(word, "^m[ıiuü]$") then local vowel = mw.ustring.match(word, "[ıiuü]") return frame:expandTemplate{title = "Template:tr-conj/mi-table", args = {vowel, lowVowel[vowel], highVowel[lowVowel[vowel]]}} end local function getStems(term) local v2, c = mw.ustring.match(term, "([" .. V .. "AIX]?)[" .. C .. "]*[" .. V .. "AIX]([" .. C .. "]*)%*?$") local c = mw.ustring.sub(c, -1) local termVowel = mw.ustring.gsub(term, "%*", "") local termIyor = termVowel if mw.ustring.find(term, "%*$") then termVowel = mw.ustring.gsub(term, ".%*$", function(x) return lenition[x] end) termIyor = termVowel elseif c == "" then if v2 == "" then termVowel = mw.ustring.gsub(term, ".$", function(x) if x == "e" then return "iy" else return x .. "y" end end) termIyor = termVowel irr = "ye/de" else termVowel = term .. "y" termIyor = mw.ustring.sub(term, 1, -2) end end term = mw.ustring.gsub(term, "%*", "") return term, termVowel, termIyor, v2, c end local function getTams(term, pol, isPos, frontHar) local term, termVowel, termIyor, v2, c = getStems(term) local aor = (c == "" and term or termVowel .. ((mw.ustring.find(V, irr or "x") and irr ~= "") and irr or (((irr == "d" and isPos) or v2 == "") and "A" or "I"))) .. (pol == true and "r" or "Z") local pre = termIyor .. ((irr == "ye/de" and isPos) and "or" or (frontHar and "Xyor" or "Iyor")) local inf = term .. "mIş" local fut = termVowel .. "AcAk*" local pro = term .. "mAktA" local nec = term .. "mAlI" local pas = term .. ((mw.ustring.find(voicelessC, c) and c ~= "") and "tI" or "dI") local con = term .. "sA" local opt = termVowel .. "A" local imp = term .. ((irr == "d" and isPos) and "*" or "") local impFor = imp local impInf = con local infin = term .. "mAk" local nom = term .. "mA" local impImpPar = termVowel .. "An" local impPerPar = inf local impFutPar = fut local perNfPar = pas .. "k*" local perFutPar = fut local temAdv1 = aor .. "ken" local temAdv2 = termVowel .. "IncA" local temAdv3 = termVowel .. "Ip" local temAdv4 = termVowel .. "AlI" local temAdv5 = termVowel .. "AsIyA" local temAdv6 = pas .. "kçA" local modAdv1 = termVowel .. "ArAk" local modAdv2 = opt .. " " .. opt local modAdv3 = aor .. "cAsInA" return {aor, pre, inf, fut, pro, nec, pas, con, opt, imp, impFor, impInf, infin, nom, impImpPar, impPerPar, impFutPar, perNfPar, perFutPar, temAdv1, temAdv2, temAdv3, temAdv4, temAdv5, temAdv6, modAdv1, modAdv2, modAdv3} end local function getSecTams(term, type) local inf = term .. "=mIş" local pas = term .. "=dI" local con = term .. "=sA" if type == "ana" then return {term, inf, pas, con}, {"ana", "ana", "syn", "syn"} elseif type == "pas" then return {term, pas, con}, {"syn", "syn", "syn"} elseif type == "con" then return {term, inf, pas}, {"syn", "ana", "syn"} elseif type == "opt" then return {term, inf, pas}, {"opt", "ana", "syn"} else return {term}, {type} end end local function getForms(term, set) local term, termVowel = getStems(term) local comp = mw.ustring.find(term, "=") if set == "ana" then return { mw.ustring.gsub(termVowel .. "Im", "ZI", ""), term .. "sIn", term, mw.ustring.gsub(termVowel .. "Iz", "ZI", "yI"), term .. "sInIz", (comp and mw.ustring.gsub(term, "=", "lAr") or (term .. "lAr")) } elseif set == "syn" then return { term .. "m", term .. "n", term, term .. "k", term .. "nIz", (comp and mw.ustring.gsub(term, "=", "lAr") or (term .. "lAr")) } elseif set == "opt" then return { termVowel .. "Im", term .. "sIn", term, term .. "lIm", term .. "sInIz", term .. "lAr" } elseif set == "imp" then return { term, term .. "sIn", termVowel .. "In", term .. "sInlAr" } elseif set == "impFor" then return { termVowel .. "InIz", termVowel .. "InIz", } elseif set == "impInf" then return { term .. "nA", term .. "nIzA", } elseif set == "perPar" then return { termVowel .. "Im", termVowel .. "In", termVowel .. "I", termVowel .. "ImIz", termVowel .. "InIz", term .. "lArI" } else return { term } end end local function harmonize(term) repeat term = mw.ustring.gsub(term, "[".. V .. "][" .. C .. "]*[AIX]", function(x) local vowel = mw.ustring.match(x, "^[" .. V .. "]") local y = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(x, "A", lowVowel[vowel]), "I", highVowel[vowel]), "X", frontHighVowel[vowel]) return y end) until not mw.ustring.find(term, "[AIX]") return term end local extra, stem = "", "" if mw.ustring.find(word, "%s") then extra, stem = mw.ustring.match(word, "(.+%s)(.+)m[ae]k$") else stem = mw.ustring.match(word, "(.+)m[ae]k$") end local stem, stemVowel, _, stemV2 = getStems(stem .. (irr == "d" and "*" or "")) local stems = {stem .. (irr == "d" and "*" or ""), stem .. "mA", stemVowel .. "Abil", stemVowel .. "AmA"} local stemPol = {true, false, true, false} local stemIsPos = {true, false, false, false} local output = {} for i in ipairs(stems) do local frontHar = false if stemV2 ~= "" then local a, b = mw.ustring.match(stem, "([" .. V .. "])[" .. C .. "]*([" .. V .. "])[" .. C .. "]*$") if mw.ustring.find(frontV, b) and not mw.ustring.find(frontV, a) then frontHar = true end end local tams = getTams(stems[i], stemPol[i], stemIsPos[i], frontHar) local tamType = {"ana", "ana", "ana", "ana", "ana", "ana", "pas", "con", "opt", "imp", "impFor", "impInf", false, false, false, false, false, "perPar", "perPar", false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false} for j in ipairs(tams) do local secTams, endSet = getSecTams(tams[j], tamType[j]) for k in ipairs(secTams) do local forms = getForms(secTams[k], endSet[k]) for _, form in ipairs(forms) do form = mw.ustring.gsub(form, ".=.", function(x) local a = mw.ustring.match(x, "^(.)") local b = mw.ustring.match(x, "(.)$") if mw.ustring.find(voicelessC, a) and b == "d" then return a .. "t" elseif mw.ustring.find(V .. "AIX", a) then return a .. "y" .. b else return a .. b end end) form = mw.ustring.gsub(form, "Z", "z") output[#output + 1] = link({term = extra .. harmonize(form), lang = lang}) end end end end return frame:expandTemplate{title = "Template:tr-conj/table", args = output} end return export rqwmnsge27pvvf0xd3ace55657jeivh 0 589066 2280259 2026-06-07T10:35:14Z Shikayu728 131682 新規作成 2280259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんせいぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はんせいぶん|head=[[反省]][[文]]}} #[[ミス]]を[[ふりかえる|振り返り]]、[[再発]]の防止の意思を伝える為の[[文章]]。 #*{{ux|ja|'''反省文'''を書き先生に提出する。}} qegbb9crv0ogpw60wwe9clk4ymtdx8v 2 589067 2280267 2026-06-07T10:53:45Z Shikayu728 131682 新規作成(自己紹介) 2280267 wikitext text/x-wiki 別のWiki形式のサイトの執筆経験はある程度ありますが、WikipediaやWiktionaryの編集はまだ初心者です。 日本語の色々な単語を思い浮かべるのが得意で、今回Wiktionaryにアカウントを作らせて頂きました。宜しくお願いします！ kuntax8fyw2t04tghw5uraz5u7jsndq 0 589068 2280268 2026-06-07T11:02:08Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふんとう|ぶんとう|ぶんどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[分銅]]】：[[法馬]]。」 2280268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふんとう|ぶんとう|ぶんどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[分銅]]】：[[法馬]]。 dhp6nxrn9jv6ovqdxedwohwtsclf86a 0 589069 2280271 2026-06-07T11:05:35Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #いろいろな[[宗旨]]や[[宗派]]。」 2280271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #いろいろな[[宗旨]]や[[宗派]]。 hy9vbvlyknp5toovtvb77xiyu22yu5s 0 589070 2280272 2026-06-07T11:08:17Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #いろいろな[[国]]。[[諸国]]。 #（アメリカ合衆国などの）いろいろな[[州]]。」 2280272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #いろいろな[[国]]。[[諸国]]。 #（アメリカ合衆国などの）いろいろな[[州]]。 b73n02vdy8gudoau68sofx9416ls6o2 0 589071 2280278 2026-06-07T11:12:18Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しょしつ|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[暑気]]と[[湿気]]。[[むしあつい|蒸し暑い]]こと。」 2280278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しょしつ|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[暑気]]と[[湿気]]。[[むしあつい|蒸し暑い]]こと。 7g2kfrr36luaf9vvq27yzxxlptnas6r 2280279 2280278 2026-06-07T11:12:49Z うーむ 129171 2280279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしつ]]|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[暑気]]と[[湿気]]。[[むしあつい|蒸し暑い]]こと。 2va6sk1irhhi66l5apzqxj1g55w2hx5 0 589072 2280280 2026-06-07T11:13:53Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:modaladverb}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{タグ|en|品詞}}[[法副詞]]。 ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|en|hedge}} * {{l|en|modality}} 2sm925xtb87gnz2yakz9xf50m6ar09y 0 589073 2280281 2026-06-07T11:14:12Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #盛り合わせた[[食事]]。」 2280281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #盛り合わせた[[食事]]。 stcmhz81hcdlazbuck4or74zc4hj4m3 0 589074 2280282 2026-06-07T11:14:18Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:modaladverbs}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|modal adverb}} if9a77tr515ffd66562du3q0vt3c63y 0 589075 2280283 2026-06-07T11:15:47Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[大勢]]の人。[[衆人]]。」 2280283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[大勢]]の人。[[衆人]]。 65az6iwio6vfkuhjnk44y7a915dbaqo 0 589076 2280284 2026-06-07T11:16:39Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[終始]]。」 2280284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょしゅう]]}} #[[終始]]。 gbsht2u3529gfgadgrl913gv5jgju11 10 589077 2280294 2026-06-07T11:26:37Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2280294 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="NavFrame" style="width:{{#expr:100-{{#if:{{{x|}}}|{{{x}}}|0}}}}%"> <div class="NavHead" style="" >{{m|tr|{{PAGENAME}}}}の活用</div> <div class="NavContent"> {| border="1px solid #000000" style="border-collapse:collapse; background:#F9F9F9; text-align:center; width:100%" class="inflection-table"! 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class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{175}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{176}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{177}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{178}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{179}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{180}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{181}}} | {{{182}}} | {{{183}}} | {{{184}}} | {{{185}}} | {{{186}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{187}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{188}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{189}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{190}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{191}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{192}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{193}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{194}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{195}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{196}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{197}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{198}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 命令法 ! class="vsHide" | 規則 | — | {{{199}}} | {{{200}}} | — | {{{201}}} | {{{202}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{203}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{204}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! class="vsHide" | 非公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{205}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{206}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! colspan=2 | 不定詞 | colspan=6 | {{{207}}} |- ! colspan=2 | 動名詞 | colspan=6 | {{{208}}} |- ! rowspan=3 | 非人称分詞 ! 未完了 | colspan=6 | {{{209}}} |- ! 完了 | colspan=6 | {{{210}}} |- ! 前望 | colspan=6 | {{{211}}} |- ! rowspan=2 | 人称分詞 ! 非前望 | {{{212}}} | {{{213}}} | {{{214}}} | {{{215}}} | {{{216}}} | {{{217}}} |- ! 前望 | {{{218}}} | {{{219}}} | {{{220}}} | {{{221}}} | {{{222}}} | {{{223}}} |- ! rowspan=6 class="vsHide" | 時間副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{224}}}¹ |- ! class="vsHide" | 特定 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{225}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「および」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{226}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜から」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{227}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜まで」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{228}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜の限り」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{229}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 法副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{230}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 反復 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{231}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「～であるかのように」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{232}}}¹ |- {{inflection-table-bottom}} {{inflection-table-top|palette=orange|tall=yes|vs-category="inflection"|title=否定}} ! class="vsToggleElement outer" colspan=8 | 否定 |- ! class="outer" rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | 単数 ! colspan=3 | 複数 |- ! 1人称 (ben) ! 2人称 (sen) ! 3人称 (o) ! 1人称 (biz) ! 2人称 (siz) ! 3人称 (onlar) |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | アオリスト ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{233}}} | {{{234}}} | {{{235}}} | {{{236}}} | {{{237}}} | {{{238}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{239}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{240}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{241}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{242}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{243}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{244}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{245}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{246}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{247}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{248}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{249}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{250}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{251}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{252}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{253}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{254}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{255}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{256}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 継続 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{257}}} | {{{258}}} | {{{259}}} | {{{260}}} | {{{261}}} | {{{262}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{263}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{264}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{265}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{266}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{267}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{268}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{269}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{270}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{271}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{272}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{273}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{274}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{275}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{276}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{277}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{278}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{279}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{280}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 推論法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{281}}} | {{{282}}} | {{{283}}} | {{{284}}} | {{{285}}} | {{{286}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{287}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{288}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{289}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{290}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{291}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{292}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{293}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{294}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{295}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{296}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{297}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{298}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{299}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{300}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{301}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{302}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{303}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{304}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 未来 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{305}}} | {{{306}}} | {{{307}}} | {{{308}}} | {{{309}}} | {{{310}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{311}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{312}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{313}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{314}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{315}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{316}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{317}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{318}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{319}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{320}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{321}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{322}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{323}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{324}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{325}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{326}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{327}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{328}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 進行法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{329}}} | {{{330}}} | {{{331}}} | {{{332}}} | {{{333}}} | {{{334}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{335}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{336}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{337}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{338}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{339}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{340}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{341}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{342}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{343}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{344}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{345}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{346}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{347}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{348}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{349}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{350}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{351}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{352}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 義務法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{353}}} | {{{354}}} | {{{355}}} | {{{356}}} | {{{357}}} | {{{358}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{359}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{360}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{361}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{362}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{363}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{364}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{365}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{366}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{367}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{368}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{369}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{370}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{371}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{372}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{373}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{374}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{375}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{376}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 過去 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{377}}} | {{{378}}} | {{{379}}} | {{{380}}} | {{{381}}} | {{{382}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{383}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{384}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{385}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{386}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{387}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{388}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{389}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{390}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{391}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{392}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{393}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{394}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 条件法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{395}}} | {{{396}}} | {{{397}}} | {{{398}}} | {{{399}}} | {{{400}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{401}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{402}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{403}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{404}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{405}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{406}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{407}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{408}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{409}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{410}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{411}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{412}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{413}}} | {{{414}}} | {{{415}}} | {{{416}}} | {{{417}}} | {{{418}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{419}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{420}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{421}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{422}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{423}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{424}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{425}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{426}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{427}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{428}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{429}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{430}}} |- ! colspan=2 class="vsShow" | 命令法 ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 命令法 ! class="vsHide" | 規則 | — | {{{431}}} | {{{432}}} | — | {{{433}}} | {{{434}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{435}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{436}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! class="vsHide" | 非公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{437}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{438}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! colspan=2 | 不定詞 | colspan=6 | {{{439}}} |- ! colspan=2 | 動名詞 | colspan=6 | {{{440}}} |- ! rowspan=3 | 非人称分詞 ! 未完了 | colspan=6 | {{{441}}} |- ! 完了 | colspan=6 | {{{442}}} |- ! 前望 | colspan=6 | {{{443}}} |- ! rowspan=2 | 人称分詞 ! 非前望 | {{{444}}} | {{{445}}} | {{{446}}} | {{{447}}} | {{{448}}} | {{{449}}} |- ! 前望 | {{{450}}} | {{{451}}} | {{{452}}} | {{{453}}} | {{{454}}} | {{{455}}} |- ! rowspan=6 class="vsHide" | 時間副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{456}}}¹ |- ! class="vsHide" | 特定 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{457}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「および」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{458}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜から」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{459}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜まで」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{460}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜の限り」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{461}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 法副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{462}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 反復 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{463}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「～であるかのように」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{464}}}¹ |- {{inflection-table-bottom}} {{inflection-table-top|palette=orange|tall=yes|vs-category="inflection"|title=可能}} ! class="vsToggleElement outer" colspan=8 | 可能 |- ! class="outer" rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | 単数 ! colspan=3 | 複数 |- ! 1人称 (ben) ! 2人称 (sen) ! 3人称 (o) ! 1人称 (biz) ! 2人称 (siz) ! 3人称 (onlar) |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | アオリスト ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{465}}} | {{{466}}} | {{{467}}} | {{{468}}} | {{{469}}} | {{{470}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{471}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{472}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{473}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{474}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{475}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{476}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{477}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{478}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{479}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{480}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{481}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{482}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{483}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{484}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{485}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{486}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{487}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{488}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 継続 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{489}}} | {{{490}}} | {{{491}}} | {{{492}}} | {{{493}}} | {{{494}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{495}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{496}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{497}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{498}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{499}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{500}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{501}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{502}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{503}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{504}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{505}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{506}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{507}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{508}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{509}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{510}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{511}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{512}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 推論法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{513}}} | {{{514}}} | {{{515}}} | {{{516}}} | {{{517}}} | {{{518}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{519}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{520}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{521}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{522}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{523}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{524}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{525}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{526}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{527}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{528}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{529}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{530}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{531}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{532}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{533}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{534}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{535}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{536}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 未来 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{537}}} | {{{538}}} | {{{539}}} | {{{540}}} | {{{541}}} | {{{542}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{543}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{544}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{545}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{546}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{547}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{548}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{549}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{550}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{551}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{552}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{553}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{554}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{555}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{556}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{557}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{558}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{559}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{560}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 進行法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{561}}} | {{{562}}} | {{{563}}} | {{{564}}} | {{{565}}} | {{{566}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{567}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{568}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{569}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{570}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{571}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{572}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{573}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{574}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{575}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{576}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{577}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{578}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{579}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{580}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{581}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{582}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{583}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{584}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 義務法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{585}}} | {{{586}}} | {{{587}}} | {{{588}}} | {{{589}}} | {{{590}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{591}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{592}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{593}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{594}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{595}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{596}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{597}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{598}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{599}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{600}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{601}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{602}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{603}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{604}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{605}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{606}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{607}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{608}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 過去 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{609}}} | {{{610}}} | {{{611}}} | {{{612}}} | {{{613}}} | {{{614}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{615}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{616}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{617}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{618}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{619}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{620}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{621}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{622}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{623}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{624}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{625}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{626}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 条件法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{627}}} | {{{628}}} | {{{629}}} | {{{630}}} | {{{631}}} | {{{632}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{633}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{634}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{635}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{636}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{637}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{638}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{639}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{640}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{641}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{642}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{643}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{644}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{645}}} | {{{646}}} | {{{647}}} | {{{648}}} | {{{649}}} | {{{650}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{651}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{652}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{653}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{654}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{655}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{656}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{657}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{658}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{659}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{660}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{661}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{662}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 命令法 ! class="vsHide" | 規則 | — | {{{663}}} | {{{664}}} | — | {{{665}}} | {{{666}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{667}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{668}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! class="vsHide" | 非公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{669}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{670}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! colspan=2 | 不定詞 | colspan=6 | {{{671}}} |- ! colspan=2 | 動名詞 | colspan=6 | {{{672}}} |- ! rowspan=3 | 非人称分詞 ! 未完了 | colspan=6 | {{{673}}} |- ! 完了 | colspan=6 | {{{674}}} |- ! 前望 | colspan=6 | {{{675}}} |- ! rowspan=2 | 人称分詞 ! 非前望 | {{{676}}} | {{{677}}} | {{{678}}} | {{{679}}} | {{{680}}} | {{{681}}} |- ! 前望 | {{{682}}} | {{{683}}} | {{{684}}} | {{{685}}} | {{{686}}} | {{{687}}} |- ! rowspan=6 class="vsHide" | 時間副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{688}}}¹ |- ! class="vsHide" | 特定 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{689}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「および」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{690}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜から」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{691}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜まで」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{692}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜の限り」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{693}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 法副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{694}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 反復 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{695}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「～であるかのように」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{696}}}¹ |- {{inflection-table-bottom}} {{inflection-table-top|palette=orange|tall=yes|vs-category="inflection"|title=不可能}} ! class="vsToggleElement outer" colspan=8 | 不可能 |- ! class="outer" rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | 単数 ! colspan=3 | 複数 |- ! 1人称 (ben) ! 2人称 (sen) ! 3人称 (o) ! 1人称 (biz) ! 2人称 (siz) ! 3人称 (onlar) |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | アオリスト ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{697}}} | {{{698}}} | {{{699}}} | {{{700}}} | {{{701}}} | {{{702}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{703}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{704}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{705}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{706}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{707}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{708}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{709}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{710}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{711}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{712}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{713}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{714}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{715}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{716}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{717}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{718}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{719}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{720}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 継続 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{721}}} | {{{722}}} | {{{723}}} | {{{724}}} | {{{725}}} | {{{726}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{727}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{728}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{729}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{730}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{731}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{732}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{733}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{734}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{735}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{736}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{737}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{738}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{739}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{740}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{741}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{742}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{743}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{744}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 推論法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{745}}} | {{{746}}} | {{{747}}} | {{{748}}} | {{{749}}} | {{{750}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{751}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{752}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{753}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{754}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{755}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{756}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{757}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{758}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{759}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{760}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{761}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{762}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{763}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{764}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{765}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{766}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{767}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{768}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 未来 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{769}}} | {{{770}}} | {{{771}}} | {{{772}}} | {{{773}}} | {{{774}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{775}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{776}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{777}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{778}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{779}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{780}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{781}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{782}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{783}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{784}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{785}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{786}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{787}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{788}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{789}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{790}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{791}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{792}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 進行法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{793}}} | {{{794}}} | {{{795}}} | {{{796}}} | {{{797}}} | {{{798}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{799}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{800}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{801}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{802}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{803}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{804}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{805}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{806}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{807}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{808}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{809}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{810}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{811}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{812}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{813}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{814}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{815}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{816}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 義務法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{817}}} | {{{818}}} | {{{819}}} | {{{820}}} | {{{821}}} | {{{822}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{823}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{824}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{825}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{826}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{827}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{828}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{829}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{830}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{831}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{832}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{833}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{834}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{835}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{836}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{837}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{838}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{839}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{840}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 過去 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{841}}} | {{{842}}} | {{{843}}} | {{{844}}} | {{{845}}} | {{{846}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{847}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{848}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{849}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{850}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{851}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{852}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{853}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{854}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{855}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{856}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{857}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{858}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 条件法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{859}}} | {{{860}}} | {{{861}}} | {{{862}}} | {{{863}}} | {{{864}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{865}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{866}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{867}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{868}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{869}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{870}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{871}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{872}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{873}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{874}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{875}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{876}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{877}}} | {{{878}}} | {{{879}}} | {{{880}}} | {{{881}}} | {{{882}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{883}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{884}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{885}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{886}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{887}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{888}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{889}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{890}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{891}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{892}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{893}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{894}}} |- ! colspan=2 class="vsShow" | 命令法 ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 命令法 ! class="vsHide" | 規則 | — | {{{895}}} | {{{896}}} | — | {{{897}}} | {{{898}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{899}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{900}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! class="vsHide" | 非公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{901}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{902}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! colspan=2 | 不定詞 | colspan=6 | {{{903}}} |- ! colspan=2 | 動名詞 | colspan=6 | {{{904}}} |- ! rowspan=3 | 非人称分詞 ! 未完了 | colspan=6 | {{{905}}} |- ! 完了 | colspan=6 | {{{906}}} |- ! 非前望 | colspan=6 | {{{907}}} |- ! rowspan=2 | 人称分詞 ! 非前望 | {{{908}}} | {{{909}}} | {{{910}}} | {{{911}}} | {{{912}}} | {{{913}}} |- ! 前望 | {{{914}}} | {{{915}}} | {{{916}}} | {{{917}}} | {{{918}}} | {{{919}}} |- ! rowspan=6 class="vsHide" | 時間副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{920}}}¹ |- ! class="vsHide" | 特定 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{921}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「および」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{922}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜から」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{923}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜まで」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{924}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜の限り」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{925}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 法副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{926}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 反復 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{927}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「～であるかのように」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{928}}}¹ |- |}</div></div><!-- <noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{tr}}_語形変化表テンプレート]]</noinclude> a3ns3kg8q4aqgzfqdkcyqo830czmg7w 2280295 2280294 2026-06-07T11:27:48Z M-30722 1202 2280295 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="NavFrame" style="width:{{#expr:100-{{#if:{{{x|}}}|{{{x}}}|0}}}}%"> <div class="NavHead" style="" >{{m|tr|{{PAGENAME}}}}の活用</div> <div class="NavContent"> {| border="1px solid #000000" style="border-collapse:collapse; background:#F9F9F9; text-align:center; width:100%" class="inflection-table"! class="vsToggleElement outer" colspan=8 | 肯定 |- ! class="outer" rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | 単数 ! colspan=3 | 複数 |- ! 1人称 (ben) ! 2人称 (sen) ! 3人称 (o) ! 1人称 (biz) ! 2人称 (siz) ! 3人称 (onlar) |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | アオリスト ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{1}}} | {{{2}}} | {{{3}}} | {{{4}}} | {{{5}}} | {{{6}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{7}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{8}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{9}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{10}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{11}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{12}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{13}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{14}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{15}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{16}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{17}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{18}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{19}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{20}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{21}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{22}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{23}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{24}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 継続 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{25}}} | {{{26}}} | {{{27}}} | {{{28}}} | {{{29}}} | {{{30}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{31}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{32}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{33}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{34}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{35}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{36}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{37}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{38}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{39}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{40}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{41}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{42}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{43}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{44}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{45}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{46}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{47}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{48}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 推論法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{49}}} | {{{50}}} | {{{51}}} | {{{52}}} | {{{53}}} | {{{54}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{55}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{56}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{57}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{58}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{59}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{60}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{61}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{62}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{63}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{64}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{65}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{66}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{67}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{68}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{69}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{70}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{71}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{72}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 未来 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{73}}} | {{{74}}} | {{{75}}} | {{{76}}} | {{{77}}} | {{{78}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{79}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{80}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{81}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{82}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{83}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{84}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{85}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{86}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{87}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{88}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{89}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{90}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{91}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{92}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{93}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{94}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{95}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{96}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 進行法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{97}}} | {{{98}}} | {{{99}}} | {{{100}}} | {{{101}}} | {{{102}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{103}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{104}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{105}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{106}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{107}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{108}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{109}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{110}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{111}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{112}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{113}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{114}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{115}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{116}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{117}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{118}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{119}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{120}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 義務法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{121}}} | {{{122}}} | {{{123}}} | {{{124}}} | {{{125}}} | {{{126}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{127}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{128}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{129}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{130}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{131}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{132}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{133}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{134}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{135}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{136}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{137}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{138}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{139}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{140}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{141}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{142}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{143}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{144}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 過去 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{145}}} | {{{146}}} | {{{147}}} | {{{148}}} | {{{149}}} | {{{150}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{151}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{152}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{153}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{154}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{155}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{156}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{157}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{158}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{159}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{160}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{161}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{162}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 条件法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{163}}} | {{{164}}} | {{{165}}} | {{{166}}} | {{{167}}} | {{{168}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{169}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{170}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{171}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{172}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{173}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{174}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{175}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{176}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{177}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{178}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{179}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{180}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{181}}} | {{{182}}} | {{{183}}} | {{{184}}} | {{{185}}} | {{{186}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{187}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{188}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{189}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{190}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{191}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{192}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{193}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{194}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{195}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{196}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{197}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{198}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 命令法 ! class="vsHide" | 規則 | — | {{{199}}} | {{{200}}} | — | {{{201}}} | {{{202}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{203}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{204}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! class="vsHide" | 非公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{205}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{206}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! colspan=2 | 不定詞 | colspan=6 | {{{207}}} |- ! colspan=2 | 動名詞 | colspan=6 | {{{208}}} |- ! rowspan=3 | 非人称分詞 ! 未完了 | colspan=6 | {{{209}}} |- ! 完了 | colspan=6 | {{{210}}} |- ! 前望 | colspan=6 | {{{211}}} |- ! rowspan=2 | 人称分詞 ! 非前望 | {{{212}}} | {{{213}}} | {{{214}}} | {{{215}}} | {{{216}}} | {{{217}}} |- ! 前望 | {{{218}}} | {{{219}}} | {{{220}}} | {{{221}}} | {{{222}}} | {{{223}}} |- ! rowspan=6 class="vsHide" | 時間副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{224}}}¹ |- ! class="vsHide" | 特定 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{225}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「および」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{226}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜から」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{227}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜まで」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{228}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜の限り」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{229}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 法副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{230}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 反復 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{231}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「～であるかのように」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{232}}}¹ |- {{inflection-table-bottom}} {{inflection-table-top|palette=orange|tall=yes|vs-category="inflection"|title=否定}} ! class="vsToggleElement outer" colspan=8 | 否定 |- ! class="outer" rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | 単数 ! colspan=3 | 複数 |- ! 1人称 (ben) ! 2人称 (sen) ! 3人称 (o) ! 1人称 (biz) ! 2人称 (siz) ! 3人称 (onlar) |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | アオリスト ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{233}}} | {{{234}}} | {{{235}}} | {{{236}}} | {{{237}}} | {{{238}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{239}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{240}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{241}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{242}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{243}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{244}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{245}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{246}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{247}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{248}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{249}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{250}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{251}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{252}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{253}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{254}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{255}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{256}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 継続 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{257}}} | {{{258}}} | {{{259}}} | {{{260}}} | {{{261}}} | {{{262}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{263}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{264}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{265}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{266}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{267}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{268}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{269}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{270}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{271}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{272}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{273}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{274}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{275}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{276}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{277}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{278}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{279}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{280}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 推論法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{281}}} | {{{282}}} | {{{283}}} | {{{284}}} | {{{285}}} | {{{286}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{287}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{288}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{289}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{290}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{291}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{292}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{293}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{294}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{295}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{296}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{297}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{298}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{299}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{300}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{301}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{302}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{303}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{304}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 未来 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{305}}} | {{{306}}} | {{{307}}} | {{{308}}} | {{{309}}} | {{{310}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{311}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{312}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{313}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{314}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{315}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{316}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{317}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{318}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{319}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{320}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{321}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{322}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{323}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{324}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{325}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{326}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{327}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{328}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 進行法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{329}}} | {{{330}}} | {{{331}}} | {{{332}}} | {{{333}}} | {{{334}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{335}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{336}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{337}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{338}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{339}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{340}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{341}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{342}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{343}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{344}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{345}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{346}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{347}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{348}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{349}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{350}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{351}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{352}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 義務法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{353}}} | {{{354}}} | {{{355}}} | {{{356}}} | {{{357}}} | {{{358}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{359}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{360}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{361}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{362}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{363}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{364}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{365}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{366}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{367}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{368}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{369}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{370}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{371}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{372}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{373}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{374}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{375}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{376}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 過去 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{377}}} | {{{378}}} | {{{379}}} | {{{380}}} | {{{381}}} | {{{382}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{383}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{384}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{385}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{386}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{387}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{388}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{389}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{390}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{391}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{392}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{393}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{394}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 条件法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{395}}} | {{{396}}} | {{{397}}} | {{{398}}} | {{{399}}} | {{{400}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{401}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{402}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{403}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{404}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{405}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{406}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{407}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{408}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{409}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{410}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{411}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{412}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{413}}} | {{{414}}} | {{{415}}} | {{{416}}} | {{{417}}} | {{{418}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{419}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{420}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{421}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{422}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{423}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{424}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{425}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{426}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{427}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{428}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{429}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{430}}} |- ! colspan=2 class="vsShow" | 命令法 ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 命令法 ! class="vsHide" | 規則 | — | {{{431}}} | {{{432}}} | — | {{{433}}} | {{{434}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{435}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{436}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! class="vsHide" | 非公式 | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{437}}} | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | — | class="vsHide" | {{{438}}} | class="vsHide" | — |- ! colspan=2 | 不定詞 | colspan=6 | {{{439}}} |- ! colspan=2 | 動名詞 | colspan=6 | {{{440}}} |- ! rowspan=3 | 非人称分詞 ! 未完了 | colspan=6 | {{{441}}} |- ! 完了 | colspan=6 | {{{442}}} |- ! 前望 | colspan=6 | {{{443}}} |- ! rowspan=2 | 人称分詞 ! 非前望 | {{{444}}} | {{{445}}} | {{{446}}} | {{{447}}} | {{{448}}} | {{{449}}} |- ! 前望 | {{{450}}} | {{{451}}} | {{{452}}} | {{{453}}} | {{{454}}} | {{{455}}} |- ! rowspan=6 class="vsHide" | 時間副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{456}}}¹ |- ! class="vsHide" | 特定 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{457}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「および」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{458}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜から」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{459}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜まで」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{460}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「〜の限り」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{461}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 法副詞 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | colspan=6 | {{{462}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 反復 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{463}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 「～であるかのように」 | colspan=6 class="vsHide" | {{{464}}}¹ |- {{inflection-table-bottom}} {{inflection-table-top|palette=orange|tall=yes|vs-category="inflection"|title=可能}} ! class="vsToggleElement outer" colspan=8 | 可能 |- ! class="outer" rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | 単数 ! colspan=3 | 複数 |- ! 1人称 (ben) ! 2人称 (sen) ! 3人称 (o) ! 1人称 (biz) ! 2人称 (siz) ! 3人称 (onlar) |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | アオリスト ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{465}}} | {{{466}}} | {{{467}}} | {{{468}}} | {{{469}}} | {{{470}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{471}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{472}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{473}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{474}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{475}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{476}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{477}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{478}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{479}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{480}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{481}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{482}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{483}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{484}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{485}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{486}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{487}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{488}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 継続 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{489}}} | {{{490}}} | {{{491}}} | {{{492}}} | {{{493}}} | {{{494}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{495}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{496}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{497}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{498}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{499}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{500}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{501}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{502}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{503}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{504}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{505}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{506}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{507}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{508}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{509}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{510}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{511}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{512}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 推論法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{513}}} | {{{514}}} | {{{515}}} | {{{516}}} | {{{517}}} | {{{518}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{519}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{520}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{521}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{522}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{523}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{524}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{525}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{526}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{527}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{528}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{529}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{530}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{531}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{532}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{533}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{534}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{535}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{536}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 未来 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{537}}} | {{{538}}} | {{{539}}} | {{{540}}} | {{{541}}} | {{{542}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{543}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{544}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{545}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{546}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{547}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{548}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{549}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{550}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{551}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{552}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{553}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{554}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{555}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{556}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{557}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{558}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{559}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{560}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 進行法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{561}}} | {{{562}}} | {{{563}}} | {{{564}}} | {{{565}}} | {{{566}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{567}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{568}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{569}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{570}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{571}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{572}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{573}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{574}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{575}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{576}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{577}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{578}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{579}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{580}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{581}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{582}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{583}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{584}}} |- ! rowspan=4 class="vsHide" | 義務法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{585}}} | {{{586}}} | {{{587}}} | {{{588}}} | {{{589}}} | {{{590}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{591}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{592}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{593}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{594}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{595}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{596}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{597}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{598}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{599}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{600}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{601}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{602}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{603}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{604}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{605}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{606}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{607}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{608}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 過去 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{609}}} | {{{610}}} | {{{611}}} | {{{612}}} | {{{613}}} | {{{614}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{615}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{616}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{617}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{618}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{619}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{620}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 条件 | class="vsHide" | {{{621}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{622}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{623}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{624}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{625}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{626}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 条件法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{627}}} | {{{628}}} | {{{629}}} | {{{630}}} | {{{631}}} | {{{632}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{633}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{634}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{635}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{636}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{637}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{638}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 過去 | class="vsHide" | {{{639}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{640}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{641}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{642}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{643}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{644}}} |- ! rowspan=3 class="vsHide" | 希求法 ! class="vsHide" | 単純 | {{{645}}} | {{{646}}} | {{{647}}} | {{{648}}} | {{{649}}} | {{{650}}} |- ! class="vsHide" | 推論 | class="vsHide" | {{{651}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{652}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{653}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{654}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{655}}} | class="vsHide" | {{{656}}} |- ! 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