Wiktionary jawiktionary https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 case-sensitive メディア 特別 トーク 利用者 利用者・トーク Wiktionary Wiktionary・トーク ファイル ファイル・トーク MediaWiki MediaWiki・トーク テンプレート テンプレート・トーク ヘルプ ヘルプ・トーク カテゴリ カテゴリ・トーク 付録 付録・トーク TimedText TimedText talk モジュール モジュール・トーク Event Event talk 0 1867 2328253 2041269 2026-08-16T23:35:46Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:styczen}} =={{L|zlw-opl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|zlw-opl}} {{m|sla-pro|*sěčьnь}} < {{m|sla-pro|*sěča}} < {{m|sla-pro|*sěťi}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{zlw-opl-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zlw-opl-noun|m}} #{{context|month|lang=zlw-opl}}[[一月]]。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|zlw-opl|sieczeń}}, {{l|zlw-opl|strąpacz}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|zlw-opl|pl}} {{m|zlw-opl|sieczeń}} < {{etyl|sla-pro|pl}} {{m|sla-pro|*sěčьnь}} < {{m|sla-pro|*sěča}} < {{m|sla-pro|*sěťi}}「古い年と新しい年が接する（stykać się）月」という意味だと言われる。 ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-styczeń.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Gower-styczeń.wav|hh=Styczeń}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} #{{context|month|lang=pl}}[[一月]]。 '''月の用法''' *「～月に」という場合は、(([[w]]＋月名の前置格))。 *:[[wyjechać|Wyjechał]] [[do]] [[Polska|Polski]] w [[listopad|listopadzie]]. 彼は11月にポーランドへと出発した。 *日付を言うときは、月名の生格形を用いる。 *:[[urodzić|Urodziłam]] [[się]] [[dwudziesty|dwudziestego]] [[czwarty|czwartego]] [[kwiecień|kwietnia]].　私は4月24日生まれです。 *:[[który|Którego]] [[dzisiaj]] [[mieć|mamy]]?　今日は何日？ *:[[dziś|Dziś]] [[być|jest]] [[trzeci|trzeciego]] [[grudzień|grudnia]].　今日は12月3日です。 {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|stycz|ni|noms=styczeń|gens=stycznia|genp=styczniów/styczni}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|pl|styczniowy}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|pl|miesiąc}} * {{l|pl|rok}} {{月名/pl}} hs6u2f64p5ka5qj1vb4v837f13rdvl3 0 1920 2328256 2203822 2026-08-16T23:37:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:palic palić}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sla-pro|pol}} ''{{recons|pāliti|pālìti|lang=sla-pro}}'' <ref name="edosil">Rick Derksen, ''Etymological dictionary of the Slavic inherited lexicon'', Leiden Indo-European etymological dictionary series, v. 4, Leiden: Brill, 2008, p. 390.</ref> ===={{cogn}}==== {{cog|ru|палить}}<ref name="edosil" /> ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg<text:#>;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-# się.wav<text:~>|mp=pálić}} *{{kanahyoki|pl|'''パ'''リチ}} ==={{verb}}=== {{pl-verb|impf|freq=[[palać]], [[páliwać]]}} *{{タグ|pl|他動詞}} #{{おくりがな2|燃|も|やす|もやす}}。{{おくりがな2|焼|や|く|やく}}。 #:{{syn|pl|spalać}} #:{{ant|pl|gasić}} #[[たばこ]]を吸う。[[喫煙]]する。 #:{{syn|pl|ćmić|jarać|kopcić|kurzyć}} #*{{ux|pl|[[w#{{pl}}|W]] [[ten#{{pl}}|tej]] [[sala#{{pl}}|sali]] [[nie#{{pl}}|nie]] [[wolno]] [[palić]]|この部屋は禁煙です。}} #{{q|[[燃料]]を}} [[消費]]する。[[燃費]]がかかる。 #:{{syn|pl|zużywać}} #*{{ux|pl|[[ten#{{pl}}|Ten]] [[samochód]] '''pali''' 7 [[litr|litrów]] [[benzyna|benzyny]] [[na#{{pl}}|na]] [[sto#{{pl}}|sto]] [[kilometr|kilometrów]]|この車は百キロ走るのに7リットルのガソリンを'''消費し'''ます。}} #[[点火]]する。{{おくりがな2|灯|とも|す|ともす}}。 *{{タグ|pl|自動詞}} #燃料を{{おくりがな3|投|な|げ|入|い|れる|なげいれる}}。燃やす。火を{{おくりがな2|焚|た|く|たく}}。 #*{{ux|pl|[[od#{{pl}}|Od]] [[rok#{{pl}}|lat]] nie '''palimy''' w [[ten|tym]] [[stary#{{pl}}|starym]] [[piec|piecu]].|長年、私達たちはこの古いストーブに'''火を焚いてい'''ない。}} #{{context|colloquial|lang=pl}} 焼けるように{{おくりがな2|痛|いた|む|いたむ}}。 *{{タグ|pl|reflexive-się}} #{{おくりがな2|燃|も|える|もえる}}。燃えている。 #{{おくりがな2|輝|かがや|く|かがやく}}。燃える。 #[[暴力的]]な感情に[[支配]]される。 #{{q|特に[[哺乳類]]の雌について}} 性衝動を覚える<ref name="sjp">''Słownik Języka Polskiego'', t. VI, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1964.</ref>。 #[[意欲]]がある。[[やる気]]がある。燃える。 #{{おくりがな3|真|ま|っ|赤|か||まっか}}に燃える。燃える様な色彩である<ref name="sjp" />。 #{{タグ|pl|無人称}} [[火事]]である<ref name="sjp" />。 #:{{syn|pl|gorzeć}} #*{{ux|pl|'''Pali się'''!|'''火事だ'''!}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{pl-conj-impf-vt|palę|pali|palą|palił|palił|paliła|paliło|palili|paliły|pal|palon|palenie}} ===={{idiom}}==== 語義1: {{top}} *{{l|pl|palić za sobą mosty|t=背水の陣を敷く、逐語的には "自分の背後の橋を燃やす"}} <ref>''Słownik Języka Polskiego'', t. VI, s. 38.</ref> {{bottom}} ===={{drv}}==== {{rel-top|{{verb}}（不完了体/完了体）}} *[[nadpalać]] / [[nadpalić]] *{{q|完了体}} [[napalić]] *[[dopalać]] ([[dopalać się|się]]) / [[dopalić]] *[[opalać]] ([[opalać się|się]]) / [[opalić]] *[[podpalać]] / [[podpalić]] *[[przepalać]] / [[przepalić]] ([[przepalić się|się]]) *[[przypalać]] / [[przypalić]] ([[przypalić się|się]]) *[[rozpalać]] / [[rozpalić]] ([[rozpalić się|się]]) *[[spalać]] ([[spalać się|się]]) / [[spalić]] *[[wypalać]] / [[wypalić]] ([[wypalić się|się]]) *[[zapalać]] ([[zapalać się|się]]) / [[zapalić]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adj}}}} *[[opalony]] *[[palący]] *[[przepalony]] *[[spalony]] *[[zapalający]] *[[zapalony]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *[[opalacz]] {{m}} *[[opalenizna]] {{f}} *[[palący]] {{m}} （形容詞変化） *[[palacz]] {{m}} / [[palaczka]] {{f}} *[[palenie]] {{n}} *[[podpalacz]] {{m}} *[[spalanie]] {{n}} *[[spalarnia]] {{f}} *[[spalenie]] {{n}} *[[zapalenie]] {{n}} *[[zapaleniec]] {{m}} {{rel-bottom}} ===={{rel}}==== {{rel-top|{{adj}}}} *[[opałowy]] *[[palny]] *[[spalinowy]] *[[upalny]] *[[zapalny]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *[[opał]] {{m}} *[[palarnia]] {{f}} *[[palenisko]] {{n}} *[[paliwo]] {{n}} *[[palnik]] {{m}} *[[palność]] {{f}} *[[płomień]] {{m}} *[[spaliny]] {{f}}{{p}} *[[upał]] {{m}} *[[zapalniczka]] {{f}} *[[zapalnik]] {{m}} *[[zapał]] {{m}} *[[zapałka]] {{f}} {{rel-bottom}} ===={{seealso}}==== *[[grzać]], [[parzyć]], [[piec]] ===脚注=== <references/> ci0ofi0og29qo4f48gikubwbmeesrfv 0 1954 2328235 2221240 2026-08-16T23:27:35Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ciezki ciężki}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|pl|cieżki|ciężek||中世ポーランド語}} *{{alt+|pl|cięzki||西クラクフ}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|zlw-opl|pl}} {{m|zlw-opl|ciężki}} < {{etyl|sla-pro|pl}} {{m|sla-pro|*tęžьkъ}}<ref name="edosil">{{R:Derksen2008|494}}</ref> < {{etyl|ine-bsl-pro|pl}} {{m|ine-bsl-pro|*ting-}}<ref name="edosil"></ref> < {{etyl|ine-pro|pl}} {{m|ine-pro|*tngʰ-}}<ref name="edosil"></ref> ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-#.wav|hh=Ciężki}} *{{kanahyoki|pl|'''チェ'''ウンシュキ}} ===={{cogn}}==== {{sla}}: {{cog|cs|těžký}}<ref name="edosil" /> {{cog|bg|тежък}}<ref name="edosil" /> {{cog|ru|тяжкий}}<ref name="edosil" /> 非{{sla}}: {{cog|non|þungr||重い}}<ref name="edosil" /> {{cog|lt|tingus||怠惰な}}<ref name="edosil" /> ==={{adjective}}=== {{pl-adj}} #[[おもい|重い]]。 #:{{ant|pl|lekki}} ##[[物理的]]に重い。 ##*{{ux|pl|[[paczka|Paczka]] [[być|była]] [[tak#{{pl}}|tak]] '''ciężka''', [[że]] [[Joanna]] [[upuścić|upuściła]] [[ona|ją]] [[sobie]] [[na]] [[stopa|stopy]].|小包がとても'''重かっ'''たので、ヨアンナは足元に小包を取り落としてしまった。}} #[[つらい]]、[[きびしい|厳しい]]。 #:{{syn|pl|trudny}} #:{{ant|pl|łatwy}} ===={{inflection}}==== ;原級: {{pl-decl-adj|ciężki|ciężka|ciężkie|ciężcy|ciężkie|ciężkiego|ciężkiej|ciężkiego|ciężkich|ciężkiemu|ciężkiej|ciężkiemu|ciężkim|ciężkiego|ciężki|ciężką|ciężkie|ciężkich|ciężkie|ciężkim|ciężką|ciężkim|ciężkimi|ciężkim|ciężkiej|ciężkim|ciężkich}} {{pl-decl-adj-comp-super|cięż}} ===={{drv}}==== {{rel-top|{{adverb}}}} *[[ciężko]] → （比較級） [[ciężej]] → （最上級） [[najciężej]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *[[ciężkość]] '''{{f}}''' {{rel-bottom}} ===={{rel}}==== {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *[[ciąg]] {{m}} *[[ciąża]] {{f}} *[[ciężar]] {{m}} {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adj}}}} *[[tęgi]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{verb}}}} *[[ciągnąć]] {{rel-bottom}} ===={{seealso}}==== *[[ważny]]; [[poważny]] 語義2: *[[ostry]], [[srogi]], [[surowy]] ===脚注=== <references /> mo53q27ydmyfgy7fwhy00cisbifa8fw 0 1973 2328243 1888085 2026-08-16T23:30:35Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328243 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|pl|gmh|marz}} < {{etyl|goh|pl}} {{m|goh|merzo}} < {{etyl|la|pl}} {{m|la|Mārtius}}（ローマ神話の軍神[[Mars]]（{{epon|pl|マールス}}）の月）から。 ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=pl-marzec.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-marzec.wav|hh=Marzec}} * {{kanahyoki|pl|マジェツ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|g=m-in}} #{{context|month|lang=pl}}[[三月]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|mar|c|noms=marzec|gens=marca}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|pl|styczeń}} * {{l|pl|miesiąc}} {{月名/pl}} 5ouq8bbk70cxljlw9a59wo3nom54rdp 0 2001 2328241 2217418 2026-08-16T23:29:00Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328241 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-#.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-#.wav}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|pl|verb form}} #{{タグ||コピュラ}} {{verb form of|pl|być||1|s|pres}} #*「（私は）～である」の意。 #*{{ux|pl|'''Jestem''' [[z]] [[Japonii]].|私は日本から来ました。}} 7k8bhl22ew0zctvsetq4yncnsgox2a9 0 2002 2328240 2217415 2026-08-16T23:29:00Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328240 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-jesteś.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-jesteś.wav}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|pl|verb form}} #{{タグ||コピュラ}} {{verb form of|pl|być||2|s|pres}} #*「（君は）～である」の意。 0le4jmmrf2ugkbk7fg61i19i4lpfumj 0 2003 2328239 2217417 2026-08-16T23:29:00Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328239 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-jesteście.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-jesteście.wav}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|pl|verb form}} #{{タグ||コピュラ}} {{verb form of|pl|być||ind|2|p|pres}} #*「（君達は）～である」の意。 0blut7l4b2i91s4lc5fgshq3jvl8dcn 0 2004 2328238 2217416 2026-08-16T23:28:59Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328238 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-jesteśmy.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-jesteśmy.wav}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|pl|verb form}} #{{タグ||コピュラ}} {{verb form of|pl|być||ind|1|p|pres}} #*「（私達は）～である」の意。 g49uyz9rs4j52gfemf1b1rb8cbml6p1 0 2675 2328249 2217369 2026-08-16T23:34:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ogladac oglądać}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|pl|o-|ględać}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-oglądać.ogg<text:#>;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-oglądać się.wav<text:~>}} *{{kanahyoki|pl|オグ'''ロ'''ンダチ}} ==={{verb}}=== {{pl-verb|impf|pf=[[obejrzeć]], [[oglądnąć]]}} #{{q|意識的に}} [[みる#{{verb}}|見る]]。 ##[[みる#{{verb}}|観る]]。[[観賞]]する。 ##*{{ux|pl|'''Oglądali''' [[student#{{pl}}|studenci]] [[telewizja|telewizję]].|学生たちはテレビを'''見ていた'''。}} ##*{{ux|pl|[[Roman#{{pl}}|Romek]] [[wczoraj]] '''oglądał''' [[jakiś|jakieś]] [[rzeźba|rzeźby]] [[w#{{pl}}|w]] [[muzeum]].|ロマン君は昨日美術館で何かの彫刻を'''観てきた'''。}} ##手に取って[[しなさだめ|品定め]]する。 #{{context|reflexive-się|主語が単数|lang=pl}} [[自分]]を見る。 #{{context|reflexive-się|主語が複数|lang=pl}} [[たがい|互い]]を見る。 #{{context|reflexive-się|lang=pl}} [[うしろ|後ろ]]を[[みやる|見遣る]]。 ===={{usage}}==== *「'''意識的に'''見る」という意。これに対し、"'''[[widzieć]]'''"は'''知覚的'''な側面が強く、「見える」と訳した方が良い場合がある。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{pl-conj-impf-vt|oglądam|ogląda|oglądają|oglądał|oglądał|oglądała|oglądało|oglądali|oglądały|oglądaj|oglądan|oglądanie}} ===={{rel}}==== {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *[[oględność]] {{f}} *[[oględziny]] {{f}}{{p}} *[[pogląd]] {{m}} *[[podglądacz]] {{m}} *[[przeglądarka]] {{f}} *[[wgląd]] {{m}} *[[wygląd]] {{m}} *[[wzgląd]] {{m}} **[[uwzględnienie]] {{n}} {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adj}}}} *[[oględny]] *[[poglądowy]] *[[względny]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adv}}}} *[[względnie]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{verb}}（不完了体/完了体）}} *[[doglądać]] / [[dojrzeć]] *[[podglądać]] *[[przeglądać]] ([[przeglądać się|się]]) / [[przejrzeć]] *[[przyglądać się]] *[[rozglądać się]] / [[rozejrzeć się]] *[[spoglądać]] / [[spojrzeć]] *[[uwzględniać]] / [[uwzględnić]] *[[wyglądać]] / [[wyjrzeć]] *[[zaglądać]] / [[zajrzeć]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{preposition}}}} *[[względem]] ''(+ [[生格]])'' {{rel-bottom}} ===={{seealso}}==== *[[patrzeć]], [[widzieć]], [[zerkać]] fi96q9kr8jktdrj3j3c47mgys44t30t 0 2676 2328250 2217368 2026-08-16T23:34:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:obejrzeć obejrzec}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-obejrzeć.ogg<text:#>;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-obejrzeć się.wav<text:~>}} *{{kanahyoki|pl|オ'''ベ'''イジェチ}} ==={{verb}}=== {{pl-verb|pf|impf=oglądać}} #{{q|意識的に}} [[みる#{{verb}}|見る]]。 ##[[みる#{{verb}}|観る]]。[[観賞]]する。 ##手に取って[[しなさだめ|品定め]]する。 #{{context|reflexive-się|主語が単数|lang=pl}} [[自分]]を見る。 #{{context|reflexive-się|主語が複数|lang=pl}} [[たがい|互い]]を見る。 #{{context|reflexive-się|lang=pl}} [[うしろ|後ろ]]を[[みやる|見遣る]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{pl-conj-pf-vt|obejrzę|obejrzy|obejrzą|obejrzał|obejrzał|obejrzała|obejrzało|obejrzeli|obejrzały|obejrzyj|obejrzan|obejrzawszy|obejrzenie}} ===={{rel}}==== {{rel-top|{{verb}}（不完了体/完了体）}} *[[doglądać]] / [[dojrzeć]] *[[podejrzewać]] *[[przeglądać]] ([[przeglądać się|się]]) / [[przejrzeć]] *[[spoglądać]] / [[spojrzeć]] *（完了体） [[ujrzeć]] *[[wyglądać]] / [[wyjrzeć]] *[[zaglądać]] / [[zajrzeć]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adj}}}} *[[podejrzany]] *[[przejrzysty]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adv}}}} *[[przejrzyście]] {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *[[podejrzenie]] {{rel-bottom}} ===={{seealso}}==== *[[zobaczyć]]; [[popatrzeć]], [[popatrzyć]]; [[zerknąć]] cdvg9sw2yjsji11ttmvzil8yx9kmi84 0 2681 2328221 1905692 2026-08-16T22:26:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* {{pron}} */ 2328221 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|pl|ciasto|-ko}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-p|a=Pl-ciastko.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-ciastko.wav}} * {{kanahyoki|pl|チャストコ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|n|dim=ciasteczko|aug=ciacho}} #{{context|sweets|lang=pl}}[[ケーキ]]、[[クッキー]]。 #{{context|chiefly||in the plural|Internet|colloquial|lang=pl}}クッキー。 {{pl-decl-noun-n|ciast|k|ciastek}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|pl|słodycze}} bpmw3pqvzsvkuk6un2rog5htzehiaxa 0 14212 2328310 2070981 2026-08-17T05:17:22Z MSchoentgen 124887 /* {{trans}} */ 2328310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ポルトガルご}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} {{言語コード|[[pt]]|[[por]]|[[por]]}} ==={{alter}}=== * [[葡萄牙語]] ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ポルトガルご|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ポルトガルご|head=[[ポルトガル]][[語]]}} [[カテゴリ:{{ja}}_ポルトガル語に関連する語]] #{{context|languages|lang=ja}}[[インド・ヨーロッパ語族]]の[[イタリック語派]]に属する[[言語]]で、[[ポルトガル]]、[[ブラジル]]、[[モザンビーク]]等のポルトガル旧[[植民地]]の[[アフリカ]]諸国などで話されている。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[インド・ポルトガル語]] * [[古ポルトガル語]] ===={{seealso}}==== * [[:カテゴリ:ポルトガル語]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} * {{T|is}}: {{t|is|portúgalska|f}} * {{T|ga}}: {{t|ga|Portaingéilis|f}} * {{T|ast}}: {{t|ast|portugués|m}} * {{T|az}}: {{t|az|portuqalca}}, {{t|az|[[portuqal]] [[dil]]i}} * {{T|af}}: {{t|af|Portugees}} * {{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|بُرْتُغَالِيَّة|f}}, {{t|ar|بُرْتُغَالِيّ|m}} * {{T|sq}}: {{t|sq|[[gjuha]] [[portugeze]]|f}}, {{t|sq|portugalishte|f}}, {{t|sq|[[gjuha]] [[portugaleze]]|f}} * {{T|hy}}: {{t|hy|պորտուգալերեն}} * {{T|it}}: {{t|it|portoghese}} * {{T|ia}}: {{t|ia|portugese}} * {{T|id}}: {{t|id|[[bahasa]] [[portugal]]}}, {{t|id|[[bahasa]] [[portugis]]}} * {{T|ug}}: {{t|ug|پورتۇگال}} * {{T|cy}}: {{t|cy|Portiwgaleg}} * {{T|vec}}: {{t|vec|portoghexe|m}} * {{T|vo}}: {{t|vo|Portugänapük}} * {{T|uk}}: {{t|uk|португа́льська|f}} * {{T|uz}}: {{t|uz|portugal}} * {{T|ur}}: {{t|ur|پرتگالی|tr=purtagālī}} * {{T|en}}: {{t|en|Portuguese}}, {{t|en|Portugueese}}, {{t|en|Portugueze}}, {{t|en|Modern Portuguese}} * {{T|et}}: {{t|et|portugali keel}} * {{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|[[portugala]]}} ([[lingvo]]) * {{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|Portugees|n}} * {{T|kk}}: {{t|kk|Португал тіл}} * {{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|portuguès|m}}, {{qualifier|廃用}} {{t|ca|portugalès|m}} *: バレンシア方言 : {{t|ca|portugués|m}} * {{T|gl}}: {{t|gl|portugués|m}} * {{T|kn}}: {{t|kn|ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್}} * {{T|el}}: {{t|el|πορτογαλικά|n-p}} * {{T|gub}}: {{t|gub|karaiw ze'eg}} * {{T|kl}}: {{t|kl|portugalimiutut}} * {{T|ka}}: {{t|ka|პორტუგალიური}}, {{t|ka|პორტუგალიური ენა}} * {{T|ku}} *: {{T|kmr}}: {{t|kmr|portugalî|f}} * {{T|hsb}}: {{t-check|hsb|Portugalšćina}} * {{T|kw}}: {{t|kw|Portyngalek}} * {{T|co}}: {{t|co|portughese}}, {{t|co|purtughese}} * {{T|si}}: {{t|si|පෘතුගීසි}} * {{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|portugisiska}} * {{T|zu}}: {{t|zu|isiPutukezi}} * {{T|sco}}: {{t|sco|Portuguese}} * {{T|es}}: {{t|es|portugués|m}} * {{T|srn}}: {{t|srn|Potogisitongo}} * {{T|sk}}: {{t|sk|portugalčina|m}} * {{T|sl}}: {{t|sl|portugálščina|f}} * {{T|sw}}: {{t|sw|Kireno}} * {{T|sh}} *: キリル文字: {{t|sh|португалски|m}} *: ラテン文字: {{t|sh|portugalski|m}} * {{T|th}}: {{t|th|ภาษาโปรตุเกส|tr=paasăa bprohdtòogèt}} * {{T|tl}}: {{t|tl|Portuges}} * {{T|tt}}: {{t|tt|португал}} * {{T|ta}}: {{t|ta|போர்ச்சுகீஸ}} * {{T|ti}}: {{t|ti|ፖርቱጋሊኛ}} * {{T|tet}}: {{t|tet|lian portugál}} * {{T|tr}}: {{t|tr|Portekizce}} * {{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|portugalština|f}} * {{T|chr}}: {{t|chr|ᏉᏧᎦᎵ}} * {{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|葡萄牙語|tr=pútáoyáyǔ}} * {{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|^포르투갈어}}, {{t|ko|^포어(葡語)}} * {{T|da}}: {{t|da|portugisisk}} * {{T|de}}: {{t|de|Portugiesisch|n}} * {{T|nv}}: {{t|nv|Boojigol dineʼé bizaad}} * {{T|ny}}: {{t|ny|Chipwitikizi}} * {{T|fy}}: {{t|fy|Portugeesk|n}} * {{T|ne}}: {{t|ne|पोर्तुगाली}} * {{T|no}} *: {{T|nn}}: {{t|nn|portugisisk|m}} *: {{T|nb}}: {{t|nb|portugisisk|m}} * {{T|nrf}}: {{t|nrf|Portûndgais|m}} * {{T|ht}}: {{t|ht|pòtigè}} * {{T|ha}}: {{t|ha|Portuguese}} * {{T|eu}}: {{t|eu|portugalera}}, {{t|eu|portuges}} * {{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|portugál}} * {{T|bjn}}: {{t|bjn|[[bahasa]] [[Paranggi]]}} * {{T|hi}}: {{t|hi|पुर्तगाली|f}} * {{T|gur}}: {{t|gur|Portugalne}}, {{t|gur|Portugale}} * {{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|portugali}} * {{T|fo}}: {{t|fo|portugisiskt}} * {{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|portugais|m}} * {{T|bg}}: {{t|bg|португа́лски|m}} * {{T|br}}: {{t|br|portugaleg}} * {{T|vi}}: {{t|vi|tiếng [[Bồ-đào-nha]]}}, {{t|vi|tiếng [[Bồ Đào Nha]]}} * {{T|he}}: {{t|he|פּוֹרְטוּגָלִית}}, {{t|he|פּוֹרְטוּגֶזִית}} * {{T|be}}: {{t|be|партуга́льская мо́ва|f}}, {{t|be|партуга́льская|f}} * {{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|پرتغالی|tr=portoğâli}} * {{T|bn}}: {{t|bn|পর্তুগিজ}} * {{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|portugalski}} * {{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|português|m}} * {{T|mi}}: {{t|mi|reo Pōtikī}} * {{T|mk}}: {{t|mk|португа́лски|m}} * {{T|mt}}: {{t|mt|Il-Portugiż}} * {{T|ms}}: {{t|ms|[[bahasa]] [[Portugis]]}}, {{t|ms|Portugal}} * {{T|xmf}}: {{t|xmf|პორტუგალიური ნინა}} * {{T|mdf}}: {{t|mdf|португалонь}} * {{T|mn}}: {{t|mn|португали}} * {{T|la}}: {{t|la|[[lingua]] [[Lusitanus|Lusitana]]|f}} ({{t|la|[[lingua]] [[lusitanus|lusitana]]|f}}), {{t|la|[[lingua]] [[Lusitanicus|Lusitanica]]|f}} ({{t|la|[[lingua]] [[lusitanicus|lusitanica]]|f}}) * {{T|lv}}: {{t|lv|portugāļu}}, {{t|lv|portugāļu valoda|f}} * {{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|portugalų}}, {{t|lt|portugališkai}} * {{T|li}}: {{t|li|Pórtegieësj|n}} * {{T|ro}}: {{t|ro|portugheză|f}} * {{T|lb}}: {{t|lb|Portugisesch|n}} * {{T|roa-leo}}: {{t|roa-leo|pertués|m}} * {{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|португа́льский}} * {{T|wa}}: {{t|wa|portuguès}} {{trans-bottom}} mxj9ax2u0zketb5r68cbgtkwy83avgy 0 15981 2328226 2110799 2026-08-16T23:08:34Z Jiba1219 100610 2328226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|あいぞう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|あいぞう|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|あいぞう|あいそ}} #（あいぞう）[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。特に相手に対して[[好悪]]の感情を[[いだく|抱く]]こと。 #*[[選択]]'''愛憎'''等の[[情緒的]]な[[心情]]も[[アプリオリ]]の[[内容]]を持ち、「心情の秩序」が[[存在]]する。（[[w:倉田百三|倉田百三]]『学生と教養――教養と倫理学――』） #（あいそ）[[愛想]]。 #*宅悦はお岩の鬼魅のわるい顔を避けながらもじもじしていた。「ひどいことをするものだ、男のわしでさえ'''愛憎'''（あいそ）がつきた。もし、お岩さん、あんな[[薄情]]な男と、何時までいっしょにいねえで、いっそわたしと」（[[w:田中貢太郎|田中貢太郎]]『南北の東海道四谷怪談』） ====関連語==== *[[好悪]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ai4zeng1|noun}} {{yue-cat|oi3jang1|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|àizēng}} {{yue-pron|oi3 zang1}} ==={{noun}}=== #[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|애증}} #[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。 2c22ahhye37ufpwl7lo6742aoflb4wb 2328229 2328226 2026-08-16T23:10:52Z Jiba1219 100610 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2328229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|あいぞう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|あいぞう|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|あいぞう|あいそ}} #（あいぞう）[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。特に相手に対して[[好悪]]の感情を[[いだく|抱く]]こと。 #*[[選択]]'''愛憎'''等の[[情緒的]]な[[心情]]も[[アプリオリ]]の[[内容]]を持ち、「心情の秩序」が[[存在]]する。（[[w:倉田百三|倉田百三]]『学生と教養――教養と倫理学――』） #（あいそ）[[愛想]]。 #*宅悦はお岩の鬼魅のわるい顔を避けながらもじもじしていた。「ひどいことをするものだ、男のわしでさえ'''愛憎'''（あいそ）がつきた。もし、お岩さん、あんな[[薄情]]な男と、何時までいっしょにいねえで、いっそわたしと」（[[w:田中貢太郎|田中貢太郎]]『南北の東海道四谷怪談』） ====関連語==== *[[好悪]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ai4zeng1|noun}} {{yue-cat|oi3jang1|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|àizēng}} {{yue-pron|oi3 zang1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=爱憎}} #[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。 ===={{idiom}}==== *{{zh-l|愛憎分明}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|애증}} #[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。 5z9ul1g2gn46483jsx6cy7sjspitvdr 0 21830 2328334 1766316 2026-08-17T10:36:11Z M-30722 1202 2328334 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== イギリス: *{{AHD|hōp}} *{{IPA|lang=en|həʊp}} *{{SAMPA|h@Up}} アメリカ: *{{IPA|lang=en|hɔʊp}} *{{SAMPA|hoUp}} * {{音声|en|en-us-hope.ogg|a=米}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|ang}} ''[[hopian]]'' ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb|hop|ing}} #{{おくりがな2|望|のぞ|む|のぞむ}}、[[希望]]する。 #*{{ux|en|I hope everyone likes this definition.|みんながこの定義を気に入ることを私は希望します。}} #[[期待]]する。楽観視している。 #*{{ux|en|I am still hoping that all will [[turn out]] well.|私は、まだ、すべてがうまくいくと思っているよ。}} ===={{usage}}==== [[Category:{{en}}_{{verb}}_to不定詞のみを目的語とするもの]] *目的語としてto不定詞のみ用い、[[動名詞]]を用いない。 ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|ang}} ''[[hopa]]'' ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun|s|-}} #希望、{{おくりがな2|望|のぞ|み|のぞみ}} #[[可能性]] ====={{ant}}===== *[[despair]] ===={{drv}}==== *[[hopeful]] *[[hopeless]] *[[hopelessly]] [[カテゴリ:ベーシック英語 850単語]] =={{L|mi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|mi|noun}} #[[ウエスト]]。 #{{タグ|mi|解剖学}}[[しり|尻]]。 kh5lksl08ssswrlk0p6xgawav6699no 0 22594 2328205 2314435 2026-08-16T18:08:57Z M-30722 1202 2328205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かせ|がせ|がぜ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ojp|ja}}「[[#{{ojp}}|かぜ]]」 < {{etyl|jpx-pro|ja}} {{term|jpx-pro|*kansay}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|かぜ|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||かぜ}} ==={{noun}}：風=== [[Category:風|*]] {{wikipedia|風}} {{ja-noun|風}} #{{topcat|ja|風}}[[地表面]]に対しほぼ[[水平]]な[[空気]]の流れ。 #ある人に対する、世間一般の[[評価]]や[[態度]]、一般的には[[批判]]的なものを言う。 #*[[むかいかぜ|向かい風]]、[[かぜあたり|風あたり]] #接尾辞的用法 ##（一般に『～風を吹かせる』の形で）（偉そうな）態度や[[そぶり|素振り]]。 ##*先輩風、役人風 ##（一般に『～風に吹かれる』の形で）[[影響]]。 ##*臆病風 ===={{drv}}==== *[[どこふくかぜ]] *[[どうしたかぜのふきまわし]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|空気の流れ}} *{{T|ain}}: {{t|ain|rera}} *{{T|ga}}: [[gaoth]] {{f}} *{{T|az}}: {{t|az|yel}} *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|ريح|tr=riħ|f}} *{{T|sq}}: [[erë]] {{f}} *{{T|it}}: {{t|it|vento|m}} *{{T|iu}}: {{t|iu|ᐊᓄᕆ}} *{{T|id}}: [[angin]] *{{T|uz}}: {{t|uz|yel}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|wind}} *:{{T|ang}}: {{t|ang|wind}} *{{T|et}}: [[tuul]] *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|vento}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|wind|m}} *{{T|kk}}: {{t|kk|жел}}, {{t|kk|самал}} *{{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|vent|m}} *{{T|kdr}}: {{t|kdr|йэль}} *{{T|ki}}: {{t-|ki|rũhuho|c11}} *{{T|atv}}: {{t|atv|йел}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|αέρας|m}} *:{{T|grc}}: {{t|grc|ἀήρ|m|f}} *{{T|kum}}: {{t|kum|ел}} *{{T|crh}}: {{t|crh|yel}} *{{T|ku}}: *:{{T|kmr}}: {{t|kmr|ba|m}} *{{T|got}}: {{t|got|𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃|m}} *{{T|sc}}: [[bentu]] {{m}} *{{T|sa}}: {{t|sa|वात|tr=vāta-|m}}, {{t|sa|वायु|tr=vāyu-|m}} *{{T|cjs}}: {{t|cjs|чел}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|vind|c}} *{{T|gd}}: [[gaoth]] {{f}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|viento|m}} *{{T|sk}}: [[vietor]] {{m}} *{{T|sl}}: [[veter]] {{m}} *{{T|sh}}: *:キリル文字: {{t|sh|ветар|m}} *:ラテン文字: {{t|sh|vjetar|m}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|ลม}}, {{t|th|วายุ}} *{{T|tl}}: [[hangin]] *{{T|tt}}: {{t|tt|җил}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|vítr|m}} *{{T|cv}}: {{t|cv|ҫил}} *{{T|zh}}: {{zh-l|風|tr=fēng}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|바람}} *{{T|te}}: {{t|te|పవనము}}, {{t|te|తెమ్మెర}} *{{T|da}}: [[vind]] {{c}}, [[luftstrøm]] {{c}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Wind|m}} *{{T|tk}}: {{t|tk|ýel}}, {{t|tk|şemal}} *{{T|tr}}: [[rüzgâr]]; [[yel]] *{{T|na}}: {{t|na|engin}} *{{T|nog}}: {{t|nog|ел}} *{{T|no}}: [[vind]] {{m}} *{{T|kjh}}: {{t|kjh|чил}} *{{T|ba}}: {{t|ba|ел}} *{{T|hu}}: [[szél]] *{{T|my}}: {{t|my|လေ}} *{{T|fi}}: [[tuuli]] *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|vent|m}} *{{T|bg}}: {{t|bg|вятър|m}} *{{T|he}}: [[רוח]] (rúakh) *{{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|باد|tr=bâd}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t+|pl|wiatr|m}} *{{T|pt}}: [[vento]] {{m}} *{{T|mi}}: [[hau]] *{{T|mt}}: [[riħ]] *{{T|ms}}: [[angin]] *{{T|alt}}: {{t|alt|јел}}, {{t|alt|салкын}} *{{T|mnw}}: {{t|mnw|ကျာ|tr=kyā}} *{{T|la}}: [[ventus]] {{m}} *{{T|lv}}: {{t|lv|vējš|m}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|vė́jas|m}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|ве́тер|m}} *{{T|rom}}: [[balval]] {{f}} {{trans-bottom}} ==={{noun}}：風邪=== {{wikipedia|風邪}} {{ja-noun}}【[[風]][[邪]]】 #{{タグ|ja|冬|病気}}主に[[呼吸器]]系を侵す[[疾病]]の一つ。[[せき]]、[[発熱]]などの[[症状]]を伴う。 #*[[風邪を引く|'''かぜ'''をひく]]。 #:病気の代表例として用いられることがある。 #*寒いから風邪ひかないようにね。（健康に気をつけて、といった意味） ====類義語==== *[[感冒]] ===={{drv}}==== *[[風邪気味]] *[[おたふくかぜ]] *[[なつかぜ]] *[[スペインかぜ]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|疾病}} *{{T|is}}: [[kvef]] {{n}} *{{T|it}}: [[raffreddore]] {{m}}, [[influenza]] {{f}} *{{T|cy}}: [[annwyd]] *{{T|en}}: ([[common cold|common]]) {{t|en|cold}}, {{t|en|coryza}} *{{T|nl}}: [[verkoudheid]] {{f}} *{{T|ki}}: {{t-|ki|kĩhuti|c7}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|förkylning|c}} *{{T|gd}}: [[cnatan]] {{m}} *{{T|es}}: [[constipado]] {{m}}, [[gripe]] {{f}}, [[gripa]] {{f}} *{{T|sl}}: [[prehlad]] {{m}} *{{T|sr}}: [[prehlada]] {{f}} *{{T|th}}: {{lang|th|([[โรค]]){{t|th|หวัด|tr=(rôok) wàt}}}} *{{T|tl}}: [[sipón]] *{{T|cs}}: [[nachlazení]] {{n}} *{{T|zh}}: [[感冒]] (gǎnmào) *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|감기}} *{{T|te}}: {{t|te|జలుబు}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Erkältung|f}}, {{t|de|Verkühlung|f}} (オーストリア) *{{T|fi}}: [[nuha]], [[vilustuminen]] *{{T|fr}}: [[rhume]] {{f}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|przeziębienie|n}} *{{T|pt}}: [[constipação]] {{f}}, [[resfriado]] {{m}} *{{T|mnw}}: {{t-|mnw|ချာံ|tr=khyāṁ}} *{{T|lv}}: {{t-|lv|saaukstēšanās|f}} *{{T|ltg}}: {{t-|ltg|puorsaļšona}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t-|lt|peršalimas|alt=péršalimas|m}} *{{T|ro}}: [[gripă]] {{f}}, [[răceală]] {{f}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|просту́да|f}} {{trans-bottom}} =={{L|ryn}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|jpx-ryu-pro|ryn}} {{term|jpx-ryu-pro|*kaze}} < {{etyl|jpx-pro|ryn}} {{term|jpx-pro|*kansay}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ryu|noun}} #{{topcat|ryn|風}}（気象）かぜ。 ===={{seealso}}==== *（沖縄語、宮古語）[[かじ]] *（国頭語）[[はぢー]] =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|jpx-pro|ojp}} {{term|jpx-pro|*kansay}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ojp-pron-noun-2-1|か|ぜ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ojp-noun|風}} #{{topcat|ojp|風}}[[空気]]の{{おくりがな2|流|なが|れ|ながれ}}。風。 #[[風習]]。 #{{タグ|ojp|病気}}風邪。[[感冒]]。 ir6fp6b77i8631z9a13vgwz2r7etcuw 0 24377 2328263 2152926 2026-08-16T23:59:01Z Jiba1219 100610 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2328263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|らく}} ==漢字== <span lang="ja" xml:lang="ja" style="font-size:350%">{{PAGENAME}}</span> * {{部首|木|9}} * {{総画|13}} {{kanji variants|樂=[[旧字体]]/[[繁体字]]|乐=[[簡体字]]}} ===字源=== * 「[[樂]]」の行書体に由来する略体。「樂」については[[樂#字源]]の項目を参照。 ===字義=== #[[音曲]]、[[かなでる]]。 #[[たのしい]]、[[たのしむ]]。 #[[このむ]]、[[ねがう]]。 {{漢字}} [[Category:漢字 多音字|かく らく]] =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ガク,ラク,たの-しい,たの-しむ|施策=教育:2|呉音=ラク,ガク,ギョウ<ゲウ,ロウ<ラウ|漢音=ラク,ガク,ゴウ<ガウ,ロウ<ラウ|訓=たの-しい,たの-しむ,かな-でる,この-む}} ==={{noun}}・形容動詞=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] [[Category:{{ja}} 形容動詞]] #（'''[[ラク]]'''）[[安逸]]であること。 #*これだけあれば、老後も'''楽'''に暮らせるだろう。 #（'''[[ラク]]'''）[[苦痛]]が[[緩和]]されること。 #*姿勢を変えたらだいぶん'''楽'''になった。 #*早く白状して'''楽'''になれ。 #*不治の病で苦しい。早く'''楽'''になりたい。 #（'''[[ラク]]'''）[[たやすい]]こと。 #*その仕事は'''楽'''にできた。 #（'''[[ラク]]'''）できるだけ[[労力]]をかけないこと。[[てぬき]]。 #*'''楽'''をする。 #（'''[[ラク]]'''）[[公演]]などの[[最終日]]。[[千秋楽]]、[[楽日]]。 #（'''[[ガク]]'''）[[音楽]]。特に[[雅楽]]など[[伝統的]]な[[音曲]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語ダ活用|kana=らく}} ===={{syn}}==== *[[気楽]]（語義1、語義2） *[[楽ちん]] *[[やさしい]]（語義2） ===={{drv}}==== *[[楽する]] ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *{{ふりがな|楽楽|らくらく}} *{{ふりがな|楽観|らっかん}} *{{ふりがな|楽園|らくえん}} *{{ふりがな|楽座|らくざ}} *{{ふりがな|楽事|らくじ}} *{{ふりがな|楽勝|らくしょう}} *{{ふりがな|楽助|らくすけ}} *{{ふりがな|楽日|らくび}} *{{ふりがな|楽髪|らくがみ}} *{{ふりがな|楽天|らくてん}} *{{ふりがな|楽想|がくそう}} *{{ふりがな|楽隊|がくたい}} *{{ふりがな|楽譜|がくふ}} *{{ふりがな|楽曲|がっきょく}} *{{ふりがな|楽屋|がくや}} *{{ふりがな|楽面|がくめん}} *{{ふりがな|楽理|がくり}} *{{ふりがな|楽器|がっき}} *{{ふりがな|楽員|がくいん}} *{{ふりがな|楽団|がくだん}} *{{ふりがな|楽才|がくさい}} *{{ふりがな|楽堂|がくどう}} *{{ふりがな|楽派|がくは}} *{{ふりがな|楽聖|がくせい}} *{{ふりがな|楽典|がくてん}} *{{ふりがな|楽都|がくと}} *{{ふりがな|安楽|あんらく}} *{{ふりがな|苦楽|くらく}} *{{ふりがな|娯楽|ごらく}} *{{ふりがな|貧楽|ひんらく}} *{{ふりがな|哀楽|あいらく}} *{{ふりがな|快楽|かいらく}} *{{ふりがな|極楽|ごくらく}} *{{ふりがな|至楽|しらく}} *{{ふりがな|独楽|どくらく}} *{{ふりがな|耽楽|たんらく}} *{{ふりがな|法楽|ほうらく}} *{{ふりがな|豊楽|ほうらく}} *{{ふりがな|道楽|どうらく}} *{{ふりがな|音楽|おんがく}} *{{ふりがな|田楽|でんがく}} *{{ふりがな|雅楽|ががく}} *{{ふりがな|洋楽|ようがく}} *{{ふりがな|声楽|せいがく}} *{{ふりがな|聖楽|せいがく}} *{{ふりがな|能楽|のうがく}} *{{ふりがな|邦楽|ほうがく}} *{{ふりがな|雅楽|ががく}} {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== '''[[樂]]'''又は'''{{l|zh|乐}}'''参照。 =={{L|ko}}== '''[[樂]]'''参照。 ==ベトナム語== '''[[樂]]'''参照。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-19-58|mj={{mjmoji|014245}}|gb=9853|cns=3-417B|ksx=1027-1-3C25}} {{検字|倉頡=IOD,XIOD|四角=3290.4}} {{字典|dj=0930.200|hdz=80020.140|大字源=4332|大漢語林=5276|新大字典=7175|新潮漢字=5229|諸橋=15213}} 003yq78vzn6o6so2mzg9veicizd2po3 0 40605 2328314 1993231 2026-08-17T05:50:47Z Jacky123a 89496 2328314 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== [[category:{{ja}}|ことことく ことごとく]] ==={{etym}}=== *[[ことごとく#古典{{ja}}|古典日本語]]より ==={{adv}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{adv}}|ことことく ことごとく]] '''ことごとく'''【'''[[悉]]'''（く）、'''[[尽]]'''（く）、'''事事く'''】 #[[多数]]のものがあるうち、例外なく[[すべて]]。[[あげて|挙げて]]。 #*主人のように裏表のある人間は日記でも書いて[[世間]]に出されない自己の[[面目]]を暗室内に[[発揮]]する必要があるかも知れないが、我等猫属に至ると[[行住坐臥]]、[[行屎送尿]]'''ことごとく'''[[真正]]の日記であるから、別段そんな[[面倒]]な[[手数]]をして、己れの[[真面目]]を[[保存]]するには及ばぬと思う。（[[w:夏目漱石|夏目漱石]] 『[[w:吾輩は猫である|吾輩は猫である]]』） ===={{syn}}==== *[[悉皆]] ---- ==古典{{ja}}== [[category:{{ojp}}|ことことく ことごとく]] ==={{etym}}=== *「事（[[こと]]）」の複数表現「ことこと」より ==={{adv}}=== [[category:{{ojp}}_{{adv}}|ことことく ことごとく]] '''ことごとく'''【'''[[悉]]'''（く）、'''[[尽]]'''（く）、'''事事く'''】 #多数のものがあるうち、例外なく[[すべて]]。[[あげて|挙げて]]。 #*[[されど]][[とかく]][[いふかひなし|いふかひなくて]]、[[みかど]]よりはじめ[[たてまつる|奉り]]て、[[大臣]][[公卿]][[ことごとく]]攝津國[[難波]]の京にうつり[[たまふ|給ひ]][[ぬ]]。（[[w:鴨長明|鴨長明]]『[[w:方丈記|方丈記]]』） #*:そうではあっても、結局言っても仕方がないので、帝をはじめとして大臣や殿上人の'''一人残らず'''[[摂津]]国難波京へお移りになってしまった。 ==={{rel}}=== *[[ことごとし]] 1rum1t5yteyi1gsto01gbfoff910la1 0 41346 2328311 2278703 2026-08-17T05:18:22Z MSchoentgen 124887 /* {{trans}} */ 2328311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いんぞく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|いんぞく}} #[[配偶者]]の[[血族]]又は血族の[[配偶者]]。 #血族の[[再婚]][[あいて|相手]]の[[子孫]]。 #[[直系]][[尊属]]の再婚相手の血族。 ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|in-law}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|aangetrouwd familielid}}, {{t|nl|schoonfamilie|p}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|släkting genom giftermål}}, {{t|sv|ingift}} *{{T|es}}: ([[político]]) {{t|es|[[relativo]]|m}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|beau-|m}}, {{t|fr|belle-|f}} *{{T|la}}: ([[politicus]]) {{t|la|[[relativus]]|m}} {{bottom}} 88d1iyh5b15k6br5d9xztncezhxy5o5 0 44022 2328258 1469101 2026-08-16T23:51:49Z Jiba1219 100610 2328258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょうしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しょうしゅう|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しょうしゅう]]}} # 人を招き集めること。 #{{context|legal|lang=ja}}[[会議]]を[[成立]]させるために、[[集合]]を求める[[てつづき|手続]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[召集]] * {{syn}}: [[招聘]]、[[招請]]、[[招待]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}: [[call]] ==={{verb}}=== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}: call =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhao1ji2|verb}} {{yue-cat|jiu1jaap6|verb}} {{nan-cat|chio1chip8|verb}} ==={{pron|zh}}=== *ピンイン: zhāojí *注音符号: ㄓㄠ ㄐㄧˊ *{{yue}}: jiu¹ jaap⁶ *{{nan}}: chio-chi̍p ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #招集する。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|초집}} #招集。 i6dwq3nluvrh1boobsltjvz0q44dbro 0 45193 2328176 2298078 2026-08-16T14:13:37Z 麩 45039 出典を追加して修正しました 2328176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{半保護S}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}:銭=== {{head|jpn|noun|kanji=[[銭]]ころ}} # {{ふりがな|銭|ぜに}}のこと。特に[[つかいふるす|使い古し]]たもの。 ===={{etym}}==== * [[銭]]の唐音“ちぇん”が転化した“ちゃん”に“ころ”が付いた語。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[ころぜに|ころ銭]] ==={{noun}}:中国人=== '''ちゃんころ''' #{{context|derogatory|ethnic slur|lang=jpn}}中国人に対する蔑称<ref name="p1883">{{Cite book|和書|title=[[広辞苑]] 第七版 |publisher=[[岩波書店]] |date=2018-01-12 |page=1883 |isbn=9784000801317 }}</ref>。 ===={{etym}}==== *『広辞苑　第七版』は、中国語で中国人を意味する「Zhōngguórén」が訛ったものと説明している<ref name="p1883"/>。 *清国奴の[[台湾語]]読みが、[[台湾]]の日本統治時代に訛って日本へ伝わり広まったとする説もある{{要出典|date=2026年8月}}。 *中国人（特に漢民族）を意味する「ちゃんころ」という言葉は、日本帝国が中国に積極的に出兵する明治時代から頻繁に使われるようになった。いわゆる「兵隊シナ語」のひとつである{{要出典|date=2026年8月}}。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|中国人に対する蔑称|支那人}} nwo4xdln52gcou1v421bactaqmk2gmd 2328178 2328176 2026-08-16T14:14:18Z 麩 45039 無用な内部リンク除去 2328178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{半保護S}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}:銭=== {{head|jpn|noun|kanji=[[銭]]ころ}} # {{ふりがな|銭|ぜに}}のこと。特に[[つかいふるす|使い古し]]たもの。 ===={{etym}}==== * [[銭]]の唐音“ちぇん”が転化した“ちゃん”に“ころ”が付いた語。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[ころぜに|ころ銭]] ==={{noun}}:中国人=== '''ちゃんころ''' #{{context|derogatory|ethnic slur|lang=jpn}}中国人に対する蔑称<ref name="p1883">{{Cite book|和書|title=広辞苑 第七版 |publisher=岩波書店 |date=2018-01-12 |page=1883 |isbn=9784000801317 }}</ref>。 ===={{etym}}==== *『広辞苑　第七版』は、中国語で中国人を意味する「Zhōngguórén」が訛ったものと説明している<ref name="p1883"/>。 *清国奴の[[台湾語]]読みが、[[台湾]]の日本統治時代に訛って日本へ伝わり広まったとする説もある{{要出典|date=2026年8月}}。 *中国人（特に漢民族）を意味する「ちゃんころ」という言葉は、日本帝国が中国に積極的に出兵する明治時代から頻繁に使われるようになった。いわゆる「兵隊シナ語」のひとつである{{要出典|date=2026年8月}}。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|中国人に対する蔑称|支那人}} 51knvuqfjne21rrsthmarppjaayv2xr 0 77721 2328324 1922123 2026-08-17T09:32:04Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|nl|zondag}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[休日]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[半ドン]] *{{w|博多どんたく}} eaoij38i7hagl5zusyw3othf1qk6j4l 0 79718 2328366 1475313 2026-08-17T11:13:13Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:しよくたく しょくたく}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] ==={{homonym}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} 同音異義]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' *【[[色沢]]】[[いろつや]]。 *【[[食卓]]】[[食事]]に[[もちいる|用いる]][[テーブル]]。{{ふりがな|卓袱台|ちゃぶだい|yomilink=n}}。 *【[[嘱託]]・[[属託]]】1.[[仕事]]を[[たのむ|頼ん]]で[[まかせる|任せる]]こと。2.[[正式]]の[[社員]]や[[職員]]ではなく、ある[[業務]]や[[事務]]を[[うけもつ|受け持つ]]人や[[身分]]。 ns6dxxejuokove3g6i8lgb1g4i5bobq 2328368 2328366 2026-08-17T11:15:53Z M-30722 1202 2328368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[色沢]]】[[いろつや]]。 *【[[食卓]]】[[食事]]に[[もちいる|用いる]][[テーブル]]。{{ふりがな|卓袱台|ちゃぶだい|yomilink=n}}。 *【[[嘱託]]・[[属託]]】1.[[仕事]]を[[たのむ|頼ん]]で[[まかせる|任せる]]こと。2.[[正式]]の[[社員]]や[[職員]]ではなく、ある[[業務]]や[[事務]]を[[うけもつ|受け持つ]]人や[[身分]]。 9q6qu6zse2mgkot6a9da6rsgilmmtk4 0 80353 2328162 2174348 2026-08-16T12:26:51Z うーむ 129171 /* 同音異義語 */ 2328162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|てんがん|でんかん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|癲癇|瘨癇}} （常用漢字ではないが、頻用されるため通常はかな表記される） #{{context|disease|lang=ja}}脳内の[[細胞]]に発生する異常な神経活動（「てんかん放電」）によって[[発作]]をきたす神経[[疾患]]、または[[症状]]。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{T|is}}: {{t|is|flogaveiki|f}}, {{t|is|flog|n}}, {{t|is|niðurfallssýki|f}} *{{T|ga}}: {{t|ga|titimeas|m}}, {{t|ga|breoiteacht mhór|f|alt=an bhreoiteacht mhór}}, {{t|ga|galar titimeach|m}}, {{t|ga|galar Póil|m}}, {{t|ga|galar talmhaí|m}}, {{t|ga|tinneas beannaithe|m|alt=an tinneas beannaithe}}, {{t|ga|tinneas mór|m|alt=an tinneas mór}}, {{t|ga|tinneas Póil|m}}, {{t|ga|tinneas talún|m}} *{{T|ast}}: {{t|ast|epilepsia|f}} *{{T|as}}: {{t|as|আঁৱৰি|tr=ãori}} *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|صَرْع|m}} *{{T|hy}}: {{t|hy|ընկնավորություն}} *{{T|ig}}: {{t|ig|ájụ̀}} *{{T|it}}: {{t|it|epilessia|f}} *{{T|io}}: {{t|io|epilepsio}} *{{T|id}}: {{t|id|epilepsi}}, {{t|id|ayan}} *{{T|cy}}: {{t|cy|epilepsi|m}} *{{T|vo}}: {{t|vo|peiläp}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|epilepsy}} *:{{T|ang}}: {{t|ang|fiellesēocnes|f}} *{{T|et}}: {{t|et|epilepsia}}, {{t|et|langetõbi}} *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|epilepsio}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|epilepsie|f}}, {{t|nl|vallende ziekte}} *{{T|or}}: {{t|or|ଅପସ୍ମାର}} *{{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|epilèpsia|f}} *{{T|gl}}: {{t|gl|epilepsia|f}}, {{t|gl|gota|f}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|επιληψία|f}} *:{{T|grc}}: {{t|grc|ἐπιληψία|f}} *{{T|ku}}: *:{{T|ckb}}: {{t|ckb|فێ}} *{{T|sa}}: {{t|sa|अपस्मार|m}} *{{T|jv}}: {{t|jv|ꦲꦪꦤ꧀}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|epilepsi|c}} *{{T|gd}}: {{t|gd|tuiteamas|m}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|epilepsia|f}} *{{T|sw}}: {{t|sw|kifafa}} *{{T|su}}: {{t|su|épilépsi}}, {{t|su|ayan}} *{{T|sh}}: *:キリル文字: {{t|sh|епилѐпсија|f}}, {{t|sh|па̏давица|f}} *:ラテン文字: {{t|sh|epilèpsija|f}}, {{t|sh|pȁdavica|f}} *{{T|so}}: {{t|so|qallal}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|ลมชัก}}, {{t|th|ลมบ้าหมู}} *{{T|tl}}: {{t|tl|kisay}}, {{t|tl|gotakural}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|epilepsie|f}}, {{t|cs|padoucnice|f}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|cmn|羊癲瘋|tr=yángdiānfēng}}, {{t|cmn|癲癇|tr=diānxián}}, {{t|cmn|癲癇癥|tr=diānxiánzhèng}}, {{t|cmn|羊癇|tr=yángxián}}, {{t|cmn|羊癇瘋|tr=yángxiánfēng}}, {{t|cmn|羊角風|tr=yángjiǎofēng}} *{{T|din}}: {{t|din|nok}} *{{T|da}}: {{t|da|epilepsi|c}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Epilepsie|f}}; (古語) {{t|de|Fallsucht|f}} *{{T|txb}}: {{t|txb|apasmār}} *{{T|tr}}: {{t|tr|tutarak}}, {{t|tr|tutarık}}, {{t|tr|tutarga}}, {{t|tr|yilbik}}, {{t|tr|sara}}, {{t|tr|epilepsi}} *{{T|nia}}: {{t|nia|faniri}} *{{T|nog}}: {{t|nog|талма}} *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nn}}: {{t|nn|epilepsi|m}} *:{{T|nb}}: {{t|no|epilepsi|m}} *{{T|nrf}}: {{t|nrf|épilepsie|f}} (ジャージー) *{{T|ht}}: {{t|ht|malkadi}} *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|epilepszia}} *{{T|bjn}}: {{t|bjn|gila babi}}, {{t|bjn|balawa}} *{{T|hi}}: {{t|hi|अपस्मार|m}}, {{t|hi|मिर्गी|f}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|epilepsia}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|épilepsie|f}} *{{T|vi}}: {{t|vi|động kinh}} *{{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|صرع|tr=sar'}} *{{T|bn}}: {{t|bn|মৃগীরোগ}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|padaczka|f}}, {{t|pl|epilepsja|f}} *{{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|epilepsia|f}} *{{T|mi}}: {{t|mi|hukihuki}}, {{t|mi|hūkiki}}, {{t|mi|mate hukihuki}} *{{T|ms}}: {{t|ms|epilepsi}}, {{t|ms|gila babi}}, {{t|ms|sawan}} *{{T|min}}: {{t|min|ayan}} *{{T|pdt}}: {{t|pdt|Aunstoot}} *{{T|la}}: {{t|la|epilēpsia|f}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|эпиле́псия|f}}, {{t|ru|паду́чая|f}} (廃語) {{trans-bottom}} ==={{homonym}}=== {{ja-homonym}} *【[[展観]]】作品を並べて観覧させる。 *【[[転換]]】移し換える。 *【[[天漢]]】[[銀河]]。[[あまのがわ|天の川]]。 *【[[天干]]】[[十干]]。 *【[[天官]]】天子に仕える官吏。 *【[[廛閈]]】村里の門。また、商店街。 *【[[墊陥]]】陥ること。 *【[[点翰]]】着筆。 *【[[添翰]]】添え状。 sg1l4uoqzts327wezls26mm1rimfs3l 0 84601 2328261 2294226 2026-08-16T23:57:03Z Jiba1219 100610 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2328261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|べい|ふん|yomi=kanon,o}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|べいふん|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|べいふん}} #{{タグ|ja|食品}}[[麺]]や[[パン]]、[[菓子]]などの原料として用いるため、[[こめ|米]]を[[製粉]]したもの。 ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|こめこ}} #{{wagokanji of|こめこ}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[小麦粉]] *[[穀粉]] ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} {{wikipedia|lang=yue}} {{wikipedia|lang=nan|Bí-hún}} {{wikipedia|lang=cdo|Mī-hūng}} {{wikipedia|lang=wuu}} {{zh-cat|mi3fen3|noun|食品}} {{yue-cat|mai5fan2|noun|食品}} {{nan-cat|bi2hun2|noun|食品}} {{nan-tws-cat|bhi2hung2|noun|食品}} {{cpx-cat|bi3hong3|noun|食品}} {{hak-cat|mi3fun3|noun|食品}} {{wuu-cat|mi2fen2|noun|食品}} {{gan-cat|mi3fiin3|noun|食品}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|mǐfěn}} {{yue-pron|mai5 fan2|dg=moi5 fan2|t=mai2 fun2}} {{nan-pron|ml,jj,ta,ly,tw,km,sg,ph,pn:bí-hún|t=bhi2 hung2}} {{cpx-pron|pt:bi3 hong3/xy:bi3 huong3}} {{hak-pron|mí-fún|h=miˊ funˊ|gd=mi3 fun3}} {{wuu-pron|sz:2mi6 3fen}} {{gan-pron|mi3 fiin3}} {{hsn-pron|l=mi3 hun3*|h=mi3 fen3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{ふりがな|米|こめ}}を[[製粉]]したもの。 #[[ビーフン]]。 ===={{desc}}==== *{{ja}}: [[ビーフン]] =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|미분|cat2=食品}} #（日本語に同じ）米粉。 88tqwsg5m7nd77aq9nenv0026pgjq5i 2328262 2328261 2026-08-16T23:57:31Z Jiba1219 100610 /* {{L|zh}} */ 2328262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|べい|ふん|yomi=kanon,o}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|べいふん|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|べいふん}} #{{タグ|ja|食品}}[[麺]]や[[パン]]、[[菓子]]などの原料として用いるため、[[こめ|米]]を[[製粉]]したもの。 ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|こめこ}} #{{wagokanji of|こめこ}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[小麦粉]] *[[穀粉]] ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} {{wikipedia|lang=yue}} {{wikipedia|lang=nan|Bí-hún}} {{wikipedia|lang=cdo|Mī-hūng}} {{wikipedia|lang=wuu}} {{zh-cat|mi3fen3|noun|食品}} {{yue-cat|mai5fan2|noun|食品}} {{nan-cat|bi2hun2|noun|食品}} {{nan-tws-cat|bhi2hung2|noun|食品}} {{cpx-cat|bi3hong3|noun|食品}} {{hak-cat|mi3fun3|noun|食品}} {{hak-hl-cat|miˊ funˊ|noun|食品}} {{wuu-cat|mi2fen2|noun|食品}} {{gan-cat|mi3fiin3|noun|食品}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|mǐfěn}} {{yue-pron|mai5 fan2|dg=moi5 fan2|t=mai2 fun2}} {{nan-pron|ml,jj,ta,ly,tw,km,sg,ph,pn:bí-hún|t=bhi2 hung2}} {{cpx-pron|pt:bi3 hong3/xy:bi3 huong3}} {{hak-pron|mí-fún|h=miˊ funˊ|gd=mi3 fun3}} {{wuu-pron|sz:2mi6 3fen}} {{gan-pron|mi3 fiin3}} {{hsn-pron|l=mi3 hun3*|h=mi3 fen3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #{{ふりがな|米|こめ}}を[[製粉]]したもの。 #[[ビーフン]]。 ===={{desc}}==== *{{ja}}: [[ビーフン]] =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|미분|cat2=食品}} #（日本語に同じ）米粉。 2ktmjljpyhd91eluxjg4j90v5k3aeg8 0 97625 2328264 1512341 2026-08-17T00:15:26Z Jiba1219 100610 2328264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そうち}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kyujitai}}=== {{ja-kyujitai|そうち}} #{{kyujitai of|装置}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhuang1zhi4|noun|verb}} {{yue-cat|jong1ji3|noun|verb}} {{nan-cat|chong1ti3|noun|verb}} {{nan-tws-cat|zuang1di3|noun|verb}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhuāngzhì}} {{yue-pron|zong1 zi3}} {{nan-pron|chong-tì|t=zuang1 di3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=装置}} #[[装置]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars|s=装置}} #{{おくりがな3|備|そな|え|付|つ|ける|そなえつける}}。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|장치}} #[[装置]]。 7cb23b0fy5zozhocn2rgspqgbtl7w2b 0 102272 2328335 2236440 2026-08-17T10:37:48Z M-30722 1202 2328335 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|hoʊpt|a=GA}} * {{IPA|lang=en|həʊpt|a=RP}} * {{音声|en|en-us-hoped.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|əʊpt|s=1}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|hope}}の過去形・過去分詞。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|hoped for}} * {{l|en|unhoped}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=dehop|ephod}} 2nvulm18r65ql8z93qgs3pjrdvc191s 0 108177 2328166 1923949 2026-08-16T12:46:28Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2328166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|はんだ|ばんた|ばんだ}} =={{ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== [[File:Grosser Panda.JPG|thumb|right|語義1]] [[Category:{{ja}}_食肉類]] {{ja-noun|熊猫}} # [[ジャイアントパンダ]]。[[中国]]に[[生息]]する、白黒模様の[[哺乳類]]。[[ささ|笹]]・[[たけ|竹]]のみを食べる。 # [[ジャイアントパンダ]]と[[レッサーパンダ]]の[[総称]]。生態などが似ているため、かつては同じ仲間と考えられたが、現在の動物学では同じ科には属さない。 ===={{drv}}==== * [[客寄せパンダ]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} * {{is}}: {{t-|is|panda|f}}, {{t-|is|pandabjörn|m}}, {{t-|is|pandabirna|f}} * {{ar}}: {{t-|ar|بندة|f|tr=banda}} * {{it}}: {{t-|it|panda|m}} * {{id}}: {{t-|id|panda|xs=Indonesian}} * {{en}}: {{t+|en|panda}} * {{nl}}: {{t+|nl|panda|m}}, {{t-|nl|pandabeer|m}} * {{ca}}: {{t-|ca|panda|m}} * {{el}}: {{t+|el|πάντα|n|tr=pánta|sc=Grek}} * {{sv}}: {{t+|sv|panda|c}}, {{t-|sv|jättepanda|c}}, {{t-|sv|pandabjörn|c}} * {{es}}: {{t+|es|panda|m}} * {{sl}}: {{t+|sl|panda|f}} * {{sh}}: {{t|sh|panda|f}} * {{th}}: {{t-|th|หมีแพนด้า|tr=mi-panda}}, {{t-|th|แพนด้า}} * {{cs}}: {{t-|cs|panda velká|f}} * {{chr}}: {{t-|chr|ᏥᎾ ᏲᎾ|tr=tsina yona|sc=Cher}} * {{zh}}:{{t-|cmn|熊貓|sc=Hani}}, {{t-|cmn|熊猫|tr=xióngmāo|sc=Hani}}; {{t|cmn|大熊貓|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|大熊猫|tr=dàxióngmāo|sc=Hani}}; {{t|cmn|貓熊|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|猫熊|tr=māoxióng|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|大貓熊|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|大猫熊|tr=dàmāoxióng|sc=Hani}} * {{ko}}: {{t-|ko|판다|tr=panda|sc=Hang}} * {{da}}: {{t-|da|panda|m}}, {{t-|da|kæmpepanda|c}} * {{de}}: {{t+|de|Panda}}, {{t-|de|Pandabär|m}} * {{nv}}: {{tø|nv|shash łizhin dóó łigaígíí}} * {{no}}: {{t+|no|panda|m}}, {{t-|no|pandabjørn}}, {{t-|no|kjempepanda}} * {{hu}}: {{t+|hu|panda}} * {{fi}}: {{t+|fi|isopanda}}, {{t+|fi|jättiläispanda}}, {{t+|fi|panda}}, {{t+|fi|pandakarhu}} * {{fr}}: {{t+|fr|panda|m}} * {{fa}}: {{t-|fa|خرس پاندا|tr=kherse pāndā|xs=Persian}} * {{pt}}: {{t+|pt|panda|m}} * {{ru}}: {{t+|ru|панда|f|tr=pánda}} {{trans-bottom}} ===={{seealso}}==== * [[ジャイアントパンダ]] * [[レッサーパンダ]] 8zq134or4cvkkybz5ffg6fqidb4t5r1 0 112894 2328312 2297771 2026-08-17T05:21:49Z MSchoentgen 124887 /* {{trans}} */ 2328312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ojp|ja}}「[[おぼる]]」 ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||おぼれる}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ja|verb}}【[[溺]]れる】 #{{タグ|ja|自動詞}} 水中に落ちて死ぬ。また死にそうになる。空気呼吸だけを行う動物が、[[みず|水]]を始めとする液体によって呼吸を[[はばむ|阻]]まれて[[窮する]]。 #* [[皇帝]]などは、[[もう]][[わたし|私]]は'''溺れ'''て[[しぬ|死]]んだのだろう、[[そして]]、[[あれ]]は[[敵]]の[[艦隊]]{{wp|艦隊}}が[[いま]][[おしよせる|押し寄せ]]て[[くる|来る]][[ところ]]だ、と[[おもいこむ|思い込]]んでいました。（{{w|ジョナサン・スイフト}} 『{{w|ガリバー旅行記}}[https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000912/files/4673_9768.html]』 {{w|原民喜}}[[訳]]）〔{{w|1978年}}〕 #*[[ひ|火]]になつた[[たきぎ|焚き木]]を[[おう|負つ]]て[[ゐる]][[たぬき|狸]]、{{ふりがな|泥舟|どろぶね}}と[[ともに|共に]]'''溺れる'''狸、――あの狸の[[死]]を[[御覧]]なさい。（{{w|芥川龍之介}} 『教訓談[https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/3815_27295.html]』）〔{{w|1971年}}〕 #{{タグ|ja|自動詞}}（[[みず|水]]の[[なか|中]]に[[おちる|落ち]]た[[もの|者]]が冷静な判断と行動ができなくなるがことく）[[なに|何]]かの[[事物]]に、[[夢中]]になって[[理性]]を[[うしなう|失う]]。[[こころ|心]]を[[うばう|奪]]われる。[[ふける]]。 #*[[基督]][[教徒]]を[[まどわす|惑は]]し、{{ふりがな|丈夫|ますらを}}リナルドオをアンチオヒアの[[その|園]]に[[さそう|誘]]ひて、[[酒色]]に'''溺れ'''しむ。（{{w|ハンス・クリスチャン・アンデルセン}} 『{{w|即興詩人}}[https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000019/files/4376_19283.html]』 {{w|森鴎外}}[[訳]]）〔{{w|1967年}}〕 #* [[おやじ]]は[[頑固]]だ[[けれども]]、そんな{{ふりがな|依怙贔屓|えこひいき}}はせぬ[[おとこ|男]]だ。[[しかし]]{{ふりがな|清|きよ}}の[[め|眼]]から[[みる|見る]]とそう見えるのだろう。[[まったく|全く]][[愛]]に'''溺れ'''ていたに[[ちがう|違]]いない。[[もと|元]]は[[身分]]のある[[もの]]でも[[教育]]の[[ない]][[ばあさん|婆さん]][[だから]][[仕方]]がない。（{{w|夏目漱石}}『[[w:坊つちやん|坊ちゃん]][https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/752_14964.html]』）〔{{w|1987年}}〕 #{{タグ|ja|自動詞}} [[かこむ|囲]]まれる。[[圧倒]]される。[[翻弄]]される。[[埋没]]する。 #*[[膨大]]な[[情報]]に'''溺れる'''。 #* M・Cになるには、[[ふつかよい|フツカヨイ]]を[[ころす|殺]]して[[かかる|かゝる]][[努力]]がいるが、フツカヨイの[[なげき|嘆き]]に'''溺れ'''てしまうには、努力が[[すくない|少]]くて[[すむ]]のだ。（{{w|坂口安吾}} 『[[不良]][[少年]]と[[キリスト]][https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001095/files/42840_24908.html]』）〔{{w|1948年}}〕 #{{タグ|ja|自動詞}} [[こだわる|こだわ]]り[[すぎる|すぎ]]て[[失敗]]する。[[ひきずる|引きず]]られる。 #* [[過去]]の[[成功]][[体験]]に'''溺れ'''てはいけない。 #* [[策士]][[策]]に'''溺れる'''。 #* そんなやうに[[ひとり|一人]]で[[計画]]し一人で[[しごと|仕事]]をする人たちは[[みんな]][[相当]]に[[自信]]が[[つよい|強く]]、ある時は自分の[[技術]]に'''溺れ'''てしまふこともあるらしい。（{{w|片山廣子}} 『[[すり|掏摸]]と[[泥棒]]たち[https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001346/files/50148_41230.html]』）〔{{w|2004年}}〕 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語下一段活用}} ===={{syn}}==== 語義1 * [[溺水]]{{wp|溺水}} 語義2 {{top}} * [[こる]] * [[はまる]] * [[うつつ]]を[[ぬかす]] * [[魅了]] * [[耽溺]] {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== * [[溺れる者は藁をも掴む]] * [[策士策に溺れる]] ===={{rel}}==== {{top}} 語義1 * [[溺水]]{{wp|溺水}} * [[溺死]]<!--※wikipediaの定義は間違っている（溺死とその他様々な形がある水死を混同して、全て水死との説明をしている）のでリンクしない。--> 語義2 * [[かわながれ|川流れ]]² 語義4 * [[やみつき]] {{bottom}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|水中で泳ぐことができず死にそうになる。また、死ぬ。}} *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|غرق|tr=gharaqa}} *{{T|it}}: {{t|it|affogare}}, {{t|it|annegare}} *{{T|en}}:{{t|en|drown}} *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|droni}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|verdrinken}}, {{t|nl|verzuipen}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|πνίγομαι|tr=pnígomai}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|drunkna}} *{{T|gd}}: {{t|gd|bàth}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|ahogarse}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|utopit}} se *{{T|zh}}: {{t|cmn|溺水|tr=nìshuǐ|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|淹死|tr=yānsǐ|sc=Hani}} *{{T|ko}}:{{t|ko|물에 뼈져 죽다|tr=mure ppyeojyeo jukda|sc=Hang}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|ertrinken}} *{{T|nrf}}: {{t|nrf|n'yer|alt=s'n'yer}} *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|fullad}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|hukkua}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|noyer|alt=se noyer}} *{{T|bg}}: {{t|bg|давя се}}, {{t|bg|удавям се}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|tonąć|impf}}/{{t|pl|utonąć|pf}} *{{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|afogar-se}} *{{T|lv}}: {{t|lv|slīkt}}, {{t|lv|noslīkt}} *{{T|ltg}}: {{t|ltg|sleikt}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|skęsti}} *{{T|ro}}: {{t|ro|îneca}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|тонуть|impf|tr=tonút'}}, {{t|ru|утонуть|pf|tr=utonút'}}, {{t|ru|потонуть|pf|tr=potonút'}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|何かの事物に、夢中になって理性を失う。心を奪われる。ふける。}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|indulge}}. *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|indulgi}}, {{t|eo|dorloti}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|toegeven}}, {{t|nl|zwichten}} (voor de verleiding) *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|υποκύπτω|sc=Grek}}, {{t|el|ενδίδω|sc=Grek}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|ceder}}, {{t|es|sucumbir}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|沉溺}}、{{t|zh|耽于}} *{{T|ko}}: {{朝鮮語訳|word=빠지다|rom=ppa.ji.da}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|nachgeben}}, {{t|de|erliegen}} *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|elcsábul}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|langeta}}, {{t|fi|sortua}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|céder}}, {{t|fr|succomber}} (à la tentation) {{trans-bottom}} 6peozc16g92sf87fyprmootnz3qkqws 828 121395 2328214 2323385 2026-08-16T22:12:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328214 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local etymology_languages_data_module = "Module:etymology languages/data" local families_module = "Module:families" local headword_page_module = "Module:headword/page" local json_module = "Module:JSON" local language_like_module = "Module:language-like" local languages_data_module = "Module:languages/data" local languages_data_patterns_module = "Module:languages/data/patterns" local links_data_module = "Module:links/data" local load_module = "Module:load" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local scripts_data_module = "Module:scripts/data" local string_encode_entities_module = "Module:string/encode entities" local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape" local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local wikimedia_languages_module = "Module:wikimedia languages" local mw = mw local string = string local table = table local char = string.char local concat = table.concat local find = string.find local floor = math.floor local get_by_code -- Defined below. local get_data_module_name -- Defined below. local get_extra_data_module_name -- Defined below. local getmetatable = getmetatable local gmatch = string.gmatch local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local is_known_language_tag = mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag local make_object -- Defined below. local match = string.match local next = next local pairs = pairs local remove = table.remove local require = require local select = select local setmetatable = setmetatable local sub = string.sub local type = type local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip -- Loaded as needed by findBestScript. local Hans_chars local Hant_chars --[=[ Throw an error for an invalid language code or script code. `lang_code` (required) is the bad code and can be nil or a non-string. `param` (required) is the name of the parameter in which the code was contained. It can be a string, a number (for a numeric param, in which case the param will show up in the error message as an ordinal such as "first" or "second"), or `true` if no parameter can be clearly identified. `code_desc` (optional) is text describing what the code is; by default, "language code". `template_text` (optional) is a string specifying the template that generated the error, or a function to generate this string. If given, it will be displayed in the error message. `not_real_lang` (optional), if given, indicates that the code is not in the form of a language code (e.g. it's a script code). Normally, this function checks for things that could plausibly be a language code: two or three lowercase letters, two or three groups of three lowercase letters with hyphens between them. If such a pattern is found, a different error message is displayed (indicating an invalid code) than otherwise (indicating a missing code). If `not_real_lang` is given, this check is suppressed. ]=] local function check_object(...) check_object = require(utilities_module).check_object return check_object(...) end local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local function decode_entities(...) decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities return decode_entities(...) end local function decode_uri(...) decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri return decode_uri(...) end local function deep_copy(...) deep_copy = require(table_module).deepCopy return deep_copy(...) end local function encode_entities(...) encode_entities = require(string_encode_entities_module) return encode_entities(...) end local function get_L2_sort_key(...) get_L2_sort_key = require(headword_page_module).get_L2_sort_key return get_L2_sort_key(...) end local function get_script(...) get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode return get_script(...) end local function find_best_script_without_lang(...) find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang return find_best_script_without_lang(...) end local function get_family(...) get_family = require(families_module).getByCode return get_family(...) end local function get_plaintext(...) get_plaintext = require(utilities_module).get_plaintext return get_plaintext(...) end local function get_wikimedia_lang(...) get_wikimedia_lang = require(wikimedia_languages_module).getByCode return get_wikimedia_lang(...) end local function keys_to_list(...) keys_to_list = require(table_module).keysToList return keys_to_list(...) end local function list_to_set(...) list_to_set = require(table_module).listToSet return list_to_set(...) end local function load_data(...) load_data = require(load_module).load_data return load_data(...) end local function make_family_object(...) make_family_object = require(families_module).makeObject return make_family_object(...) end local function pattern_escape(...) pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module) return pattern_escape(...) end local function replacement_escape(...) replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module) return replacement_escape(...) end local function safe_require(...) safe_require = require(load_module).safe_require return safe_require(...) end local function shallow_copy(...) shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy return shallow_copy(...) end local function split(...) split = require(string_utilities_module).split return split(...) end local function to_json(...) to_json = require(json_module).toJSON return to_json(...) end local function u(...) u = require(string_utilities_module).char return u(...) end local function ugsub(...) ugsub = require(string_utilities_module).gsub return ugsub(...) end local function ulen(...) ulen = require(string_utilities_module).len return ulen(...) end local function ulower(...) ulower = require(string_utilities_module).lower return ulower(...) end local function umatch(...) umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match return umatch(...) end local function uupper(...) uupper = require(string_utilities_module).upper return uupper(...) end local function track(page) debug_track("languages/" .. page) return true end local function normalize_code(code) return load_data(languages_data_module).aliases[code] or code end function export.err(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang) local ordinals = { "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth", "thirteenth", "fourteenth", "fifteenth", "sixteenth", "seventeenth", "eighteenth", "nineteenth", "twentieth" } code_desc = code_desc or "language code" if not template_tag then template_tag = "" else if type(template_tag) ~= "string" then template_tag = template_tag() end template_tag = " (Original template: " .. template_tag .. ")" end local function err(msg) error(msg .. template_tag, 3) end local param_type = type(param) local in_the_param if param == true then -- handled specially below in_the_param = "" else if param_type == "number" then param = ordinals[param] .. "パラメータ" elseif param_type == "string" then param = 'パラメータ"' .. param .. '"' else err("パラメータの名前は" .. (param_type == "table" and "a table" or tostring(param)) .. "ですが、これは数値または文字列であるべきです。") end in_the_param = " in the " .. param end if not lang_code or lang_code == "" then if param == true then err("" .. code_desc .. "が見つかりません。") else err("" .. param .. " (" .. code_desc .. ")が見つかりません。") end elseif type(lang_code) ~= "string" then err("The " .. code_desc .. in_the_param .. " is supposed to be a string but is a " .. type(lang_code) .. ".") -- Can use string.find because language codes only contain ASCII. elseif not_real_lang or lang_code:find("^%l%l%l?$") or lang_code:find("^%l%l%l%-%l%l%l$") or lang_code:find("^%l%l%l%-%l%l%l%-%l%l%l$") then err("The " .. code_desc .. " \"" .. lang_code .. "\"" .. in_the_param .. " is not valid.") else err("" .. code_desc .. in_the_param .. "を指定してください。値\"" .. lang_code .. "\"が無効です。") end end local function check_object(...) check_object = require(utilities_module).check_object return check_object(...) end local function checkScript(text, self, sc) if not check_object("script", true, sc) or sc:getCode() == "None" then return self:findBestScript(text) end return sc end local function do_entry_name_or_sort_key_replacements(text, replacements) if replacements.from then for i, from in ipairs(replacements.from) do local to = replacements.to[i] or "" text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, from, to) end end if replacements.remove_diacritics then text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '[' .. replacements.remove_diacritics .. ']', '') text = mw.ustring.toNFC(text) end return text end local Language = {} function Language:getCode() return self._code end function Language:getCanonicalName() return self._rawData[1] or self._rawData.canonicalName end function Language:getDisplayForm() return self:getCanonicalName() end function Language:getOtherNames(onlyOtherNames) return require("モジュール:language-like").getOtherNames(self, onlyOtherNames) end function Language:getAliases() return self._rawData.aliases or {} end function Language:getVarieties(flatten) return require("モジュール:language-like").getVarieties(self, flatten) end function Language:getType() return self._rawData.type or "regular" end --[==[ If the language is etymology-only, this iterates through parents until a full language or family is found, and the corresponding object is returned. If the language is a full language, then it simply returns itself. ]==] function Language:getFull() local full = self._fullObject if full == nil then full = self:getFullCode() full = full == self._code and self or get_by_code(full) self._fullObject = full end return full end --[==[ If the language is an etymology-only language, this iterates through parents until a full language or family is found, and the corresponding code is returned. If the language is a full language, then it simply returns the language code. ]==] function Language:getFullCode() return self._fullCode or self._code end function Language:getFullName() local full = self._fullName if full == nil then full = self:getFull():getCanonicalName() self._fullName = full end return full end function Language:getWikimediaLanguages() if not self._wikimediaLanguageObjects then local m_wikimedia_languages = require("モジュール:wikimedia languages") self._wikimediaLanguageObjects = {} local wikimedia_codes = self._rawData.wikimedia_codes or { self._code } for _, wlangcode in ipairs(wikimedia_codes) do table.insert(self._wikimediaLanguageObjects, m_wikimedia_languages.getByCode(wlangcode)) end end return self._wikimediaLanguageObjects end function Language:getWikipediaArticle() if self._rawData.wikipedia_article then return self._rawData.wikipedia_article elseif self._wikipedia_article then return self._wikipedia_article elseif self:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then self._wikipedia_article = mw.wikibase.sitelink(self:getWikidataItem(), 'enwiki') end if not self._wikipedia_article then self._wikipedia_article = mw.ustring.gsub(self:getCategoryName(), "Creole language", "Creole") end return self._wikipedia_article end function Language:makeWikipediaLink() return "[[w:" .. self:getWikipediaArticle() .. "|" .. self:getCanonicalName() .. "]]" end function Language:getWikidataItem() return self._rawData[2] or self._rawData.wikidata_item end function Language:getScripts() if not self._scriptObjects then local m_scripts = require("モジュール:scripts") self._scriptObjects = {} for _, sc in ipairs(self._rawData.scripts or { "None" }) do table.insert(self._scriptObjects, m_scripts.getByCode(sc)) end end return self._scriptObjects end function Language:getScriptCodes() return self._rawData.scripts or { "None" } end function Language:findBestScript(text, forceDetect) if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then return get_script("None") end -- Differs from table returned by getScriptCodes, as Hants is not normalized into its constituents. local codes = self._bestScriptCodes if codes == nil then codes = self._data[4] codes = codes and split(codes, ",", true, true) or {"None"} self._bestScriptCodes = codes end local first_sc = codes[1] if first_sc == "All" then return find_best_script_without_lang(text) end local codes_len = #codes if not (forceDetect or first_sc == "Hants" or codes_len > 1) then first_sc = get_script(first_sc) local charset = first_sc.characters return charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") and first_sc or get_script("None") end -- Remove all formatting characters. text = get_plaintext(text) -- Remove all spaces and any ASCII punctuation. Some non-ASCII punctuation is script-specific, so can't be removed. text = ugsub(text, "[%s!\"#%%&'()*,%-./:;?@[\\%]_{}]+", "") if #text == 0 then return get_script("None") end -- Try to match every script against the text, -- and return the one with the most matching characters. local bestcount, bestscript, length = 0 for i = 1, codes_len do local sc = codes[i] -- Special case for "Hants", which is a special code that represents whichever of "Hant" or "Hans" best matches, or "Hani" if they match equally. This avoids having to list all three. In addition, "Hants" will be treated as the best match if there is at least one matching character, under the assumption that a Han script is desirable in terms that contain a mix of Han and other scripts (not counting those which use Jpan or Kore). if sc == "Hants" then local Hani = get_script("Hani") if not Hant_chars then Hant_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/ts") Hans_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/st") end local t, s, found = 0, 0 -- This is faster than using mw.ustring.gmatch directly. for ch in gmatch((ugsub(text, "[" .. Hani.characters .. "]", "\255%0")), "\255(.[\128-\191]*)") do found = true if Hant_chars[ch] then t = t + 1 if Hans_chars[ch] then s = s + 1 end elseif Hans_chars[ch] then s = s + 1 else t, s = t + 1, s + 1 end end if found then if t == s then return Hani end return get_script(t > s and "Hant" or "Hans") end else sc = get_script(sc) if not length then length = ulen(text) end -- Count characters by removing everything in the script's charset and comparing to the original length. local charset = sc.characters local count = charset and length - ulen((ugsub(text, "[" .. charset .. "]+", ""))) or 0 if count >= length then return sc elseif count > bestcount then bestcount = count bestscript = sc end end end -- Return best matching script, or otherwise None. return bestscript or get_script("None") end function Language:getFamily() if self._familyObject then return self._familyObject end local family = self._rawData[3] or self._rawData.family if family then self._familyObject = require("モジュール:families").getByCode(family) end return self._familyObject end function Language:getParent() local parent = self._parentObject if parent == nil then parent = self:getParentCode() -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. parent = parent and get_by_code(parent, nil, true, true) or false self._parentObject = parent end return parent or nil end function Language:getParentCode() local parent = self._parentCode if parent == nil then -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. parent = self._data.parent or false self._parentCode = parent end return parent or nil end function Language:getAncestors() if not self._ancestorObjects then self._ancestorObjects = {} if self._rawData.ancestors then for _, ancestor in ipairs(self._rawData.ancestors) do table.insert(self._ancestorObjects, export.getByCode(ancestor) or require("モジュール:etymology languages").getByCode(ancestor)) end else local fam = self:getFamily() local protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil -- For the case where the current language is the proto-language -- of its family, we need to step up a level higher right from the start. if protoLang and protoLang:getCode() == self:getCode() then fam = fam:getFamily() protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil end while not protoLang and not (not fam or fam:getCode() == "qfa-not") do fam = fam:getFamily() protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil end table.insert(self._ancestorObjects, protoLang) end end return self._ancestorObjects end local function iterateOverAncestorTree(node, func) for _, ancestor in ipairs(node:getAncestors()) do if ancestor then local ret = func(ancestor) or iterateOverAncestorTree(ancestor, func) if ret then return ret end end end end function Language:getAncestorChain() if not self._ancestorChain then self._ancestorChain = {} local step = #self:getAncestors() == 1 and self:getAncestors()[1] or nil while step do table.insert(self._ancestorChain, 1, step) step = #step:getAncestors() == 1 and step:getAncestors()[1] or nil end end return self._ancestorChain end function Language:hasAncestor(otherlang) local function compare(ancestor) return ancestor:getCode() == otherlang:getCode() end return iterateOverAncestorTree(self, compare) or false end function Language:getCategoryName() local name = self:getCanonicalName() -- If the name already has "language" in it, don't add it. if name:find("[Ll]anguage$") then return name else return name .. "" end end function Language:makeCategoryLink() return "[[:Category:" .. self:getCategoryName() .. "|" .. self:getCanonicalName() .. "]]" end function Language:getStandardCharacters() return self._rawData.standardChars end function Language:makeEntryName(text) text = mw.ustring.match(text, "^[¿¡]?(.-[^%s%p].-)%s*[؟?!;՛՜ ՞ ՟？！︖︕।॥။၊་།]?$") or text if self:getCode() == "ar" then local U = mw.ustring.char local taTwiil = U(0x640) local waSla = U(0x671) -- diacritics ordinarily removed by entry_name replacements local Arabic_diacritics = U(0x64B, 0x64C, 0x64D, 0x64E, 0x64F, 0x650, 0x651, 0x652, 0x670) if text == waSla or mw.ustring.find(text, "^" .. taTwiil .. "?[" .. Arabic_diacritics .. "]" .. "$") then return text end end if type(self._rawData.entry_name) == "table" then text = do_entry_name_or_sort_key_replacements(text, self._rawData.entry_name) end return text end -- Add to data tables? local has_dotted_undotted_i = { ["az"] = true, ["crh"] = true, ["gag"] = true, ["kaa"] = true, ["tt"] = true, ["tr"] = true, ["zza"] = true, } function Language:generateForms(text, sc) local generate_forms = self._data.generate_forms if generate_forms == nil then return {text} end sc = checkScript(text, self, sc) return require("モジュール:" .. self._data.generate_forms).generateForms(text, self, sc) end function Language:makeSortKey(name, sc) if has_dotted_undotted_i[self:getCode()] then name = name:gsub("I", "ı") end name = mw.ustring.lower(name) -- Remove initial hyphens and * local hyphens_regex = "^[-־ـ*]+(.)" name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, hyphens_regex, "%1") -- If there are language-specific rules to generate the key, use those if type(self._rawData.sort_key) == "table" then name = do_entry_name_or_sort_key_replacements(name, self._rawData.sort_key) elseif type(self._rawData.sort_key) == "string" then name = require("モジュール:" .. self._rawData.sort_key).makeSortKey(name, self:getCode(), sc and sc:getCode()) end -- Remove parentheses, as long as they are either preceded or followed by something name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, "(.)[()]+", "%1") name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, "[()]+(.)", "%1") if has_dotted_undotted_i[self:getCode()] then name = name:gsub("i", "İ") end return mw.ustring.upper(name) end function Language:overrideManualTranslit() if self._rawData.override_translit then return true else return false end end function Language:transliterate(text, sc, module_override) if not ((module_override or self._rawData.translit_module) and text) then return nil end if module_override then require("モジュール:debug").track("module_override") end return require("モジュール:" .. (module_override or self._rawData.translit_module)).tr(text, self:getCode(), sc and sc:getCode() or nil) end function Language:hasTranslit() return self._rawData.translit_module and true or false end function Language:link_tr() return self._rawData.link_tr and true or false end function Language:toJSON() local entryNamePatterns = nil local entryNameRemoveDiacritics = nil if self._rawData.entry_name then entryNameRemoveDiacritics = self._rawData.entry_name.remove_diacritics if self._rawData.entry_name.from then entryNamePatterns = {} for i, from in ipairs(self._rawData.entry_name.from) do local to = self._rawData.entry_name.to[i] or "" table.insert(entryNamePatterns, { from = from, to = to }) end end end local ret = { ancestors = self._rawData.ancestors, canonicalName = self:getCanonicalName(), categoryName = self:getCategoryName(), code = self._code, entryNamePatterns = entryNamePatterns, entryNameRemoveDiacritics = entryNameRemoveDiacritics, family = self._rawData[3] or self._rawData.family, otherNames = self:getOtherNames(true), aliases = self:getAliases(), varieties = self:getVarieties(), scripts = self._rawData.scripts, type = self:getType(), wikimediaLanguages = self._rawData.wikimedia_codes, wikidataItem = self:getWikidataItem(), } return require("モジュール:JSON").toJSON(ret) end -- Do NOT use this method! -- All uses should be pre-approved on the talk page! function Language:getRawData() return self._rawData end Language.__index = Language function export.getDataModuleName(code) if code:find("^%l%l$") then return "languages/data2" elseif code:find("^%l%l%l$") then local prefix = code:sub(1, 1) return "languages/data3/" .. prefix elseif code:find("^[%l-]+$") then return "languages/datax" else return nil end end local function getRawLanguageData(code) local modulename = export.getDataModuleName(code) return modulename and mw.loadData("モジュール:" .. modulename)[code] or nil end function export.makeObject(code, data) if data and data.deprecated then require("モジュール:debug").track { "languages/deprecated", "languages/deprecated/" .. code } end return data and setmetatable({ _rawData = data, _data = data, _code = code }, Language) or nil end function export.getByCode(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) if type(code) ~= "string" then error("The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received " .. (code == nil and "nil" or "a " .. type(code)) .. ".") end local retval = export.makeObject(code, getRawLanguageData(code)) if not retval and allowEtymLang then retval = require("モジュール:etymology languages").getByCode(code) end if not retval and allowFamily then retval = require("モジュール:families").getByCode(code) end if not retval and paramForError then local codetext = nil if allowEtymLang and allowFamily then codetext = "language, etymology language or family code" elseif allowEtymLang then codetext = "language or etymology language code" elseif allowFamily then codetext = "language or family code" else codetext = "language code" end export.err(code, paramForError, codetext) end return retval end function export.getByName(name, errorIfInvalid) local byName = mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/by name") local code = byName.all and byName.all[name] or byName[name] if not code then if errorIfInvalid then error("The language name \"" .. name .. "\" is not valid.") else return nil end end return export.makeObject(code, getRawLanguageData(code)) end function export.getByCanonicalName(name, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) local byName = mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/code to canonical name") local code = byName and byName[name] local retval = code and export.makeObject(code, getRawLanguageData(code)) or nil if not retval and allowEtymLang then retval = require("モジュール:etymology languages").getByCanonicalName(name) end if not retval and allowFamily then local famname = name:match("^(.*) languages$") famname = famname or name retval = require("モジュール:families").getByCanonicalName(famname) end if not retval and errorIfInvalid then local text if allowEtymLang and allowFamily then text = "language, etymology language or family name" elseif allowEtymLang then text = "language or etymology language name" elseif allowFamily then text = "language or family name" else text = "language name" end error("The " .. text .. " \"" .. name .. "\" is not valid.") end return retval end function export.iterateAll() mw.incrementExpensiveFunctionCount() local m_data = mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/alldata") local func, t, var = pairs(m_data) return function() local code, data = func(t, var) return export.makeObject(code, data) end end function export.getNonEtymological(lang) while lang:getType() == "etymology language" do local parentCode = lang:getParentCode() lang = export.getByCode(parentCode) or require("モジュール:etymology languages").getByCode(parentCode) or require("モジュール:families").getByCode(parentCode) end return lang end -- "eng" -> "en" -- "cmn" -> "cmn" function export.code3_to_code2(code) return mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/code3 to code2")[code] or code end function export.getCanonicalNameByCode(code) return mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/code to canonical name")[code] end function export.getSectionNameByCode(code) return mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/section names")[code] or mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/code to canonical name")[code] end function export.getTranslationNameByCode(code) return mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/translation names")[code] or mw.loadData("モジュール:languages/code to canonical name")[code] end function export.finalizeData(data, type, sort) return data end function export.finalizeData(data, type, sort) for _, lang in pairs(data) do if type == "language" and _ ~= "alias" then if not lang.getFullCode then lang.getFullCode = lang.getCode or function(self) return self._code or self[1] end end end end return data end if export.Language and export.Language.getCode then export.Language.getFullCode = export.Language.getCode end return export sxth63078ybfry8wk80ar8xac19os9c 0 132707 2328273 2139497 2026-08-17T02:02:45Z うーむ 129171 /* 関連語 */ 2328273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:しかにく}} =={{ja}}== [[category:{{ja}}]] {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] [[category:{{ja}}_肉]] '''[[鹿]][[肉]]'''（{{要出典範囲|かにく}}、しかにく） # [[しか|鹿]]の肉。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[紅葉]] *[[ジビエ]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|venison}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|鹿肉}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|사슴고기}} =={{zh}}== {{zh-cat|lu4rou4|noun|肉}} {{yue-cat|luk6yuk6|noun|肉}} {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|lùròu}} {{yue-pron|luk6 juk6,luk6-2 juk6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} # [[しか|鹿]]の肉。 9uw276pgv0aybmbbbinwusisuvckkmu 0 153405 2328175 2320464 2026-08-16T14:12:25Z 鍼灸 112313 2328175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうがくしゃ}} {{also|法學者}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ほうがくしゃ]]}} #{{タグ|ja|法律|科学者}}[[法学]]を[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[法学]] *[[イスラーム法学者]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|jurist}} *{{zh}}: [[法學家]]/[[法学家]] {{trans-bottom}} 80zsv8hew6isir75pybvg8uuxf4wnee 0 167636 2328236 2290741 2026-08-16T23:27:35Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chwilą}} =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|Chwila|lang=pl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|zlw-opl|pl}} {{m|zlw-opl|chwila}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-#.wav|mp=#}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|f|dim=chwilka|dim2=chwilunia|dim3=chwilusia}} #[[一瞬]]。{{ふりがな|間|ま}}。 #:{{syn|pl|moment}} #*{{ux|pl|za chwilę|'''一瞬'''の内に}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ===={{drv}}==== {{rel-top|{{noun}}}} *{{l|pl|chwilka}} → {{l|pl|chwileczka}} {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adv}}}} *{{l|pl|chwilowo}} {{rel-bottom}} {{rel-top|{{adjc}}}} *{{l|pl|chwilowy}} {{rel-bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== {{col2|pl|co chwila|lada chwila|od tej chwili|przez chwilę|przed chwilą|z chwilą|po chwili|w danej chwili|w tej chwili}} ===={{seealso}}==== *{{l|pl|czas}} *{{l|pl|w mig}} ===外部リンク=== *[http://sjp.pwn.pl/szukaj/chwila.html chwila - Słowniki PWN] {{Accessdate|2015-08-20}} 0jllvka0c1z0qlczh67ssrg1o4t7bwz 0 174086 2328252 2213372 2026-08-16T23:35:46Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|takže}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{suffix+|tak|że|lang=pl}}<ref>{{R:pl:Boryś|tak}}</ref> ===={{cogn}}==== {{cog|csb|także}} {{cog|szl|także}} {{cog|sk|takže}} {{cog|cs|takže}} {{cog|ru|та́кже}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-także.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-także.wav|hh=tak że}} ==={{particle}}=== {{head|pl|助詞}} #…[[も#助詞|も]][[また]]。…も。 #:{{syn|en|takoż|też|również}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} ehfx6u9djew7pzpd5e6isjxktr3a0ae 0 174824 2328246 2193394 2026-08-16T23:33:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:zdawacsobiesprawe zdawaćsobiesprawę}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-zdawać sobie sprawę.wav}} ==={{idiom}}=== {{pl-verb|impf|pf=zdać sobie sprawę}} # [[気付く|気づい]]ている。 #*{{ux|pl|[[nie]] '''zdawać sobie sprawy'''|'''気づいてい'''ない}} ===={{colloc}}==== {{top}} *{{lang|pl|[[zdawać sobie sprawę]] {{l|pl|z}} ''{{l|pl|coś|czegoś}}''}} - ～に'''気づいている''' {{bottom}} 8kiy36xit5kvgrx98ek9n8gzog0oshl 0 174826 2328248 2193393 2026-08-16T23:33:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:zdacsobiesprawe zdaćsobiesprawę}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-zdać sobie sprawę.wav}} ==={{idiom}}=== {{pl-verb|pf|impf=zdawać sobie sprawę}} #[[気付く]]。 ===={{colloc}}==== {{top}} *{{lang|pl|[[zdać sobie sprawę]] {{l|pl|z}} ''{{l|pl|coś|czegoś}}''}} - ～に'''気づく''' {{bottom}} sbn91owdyfm586g88lsotqffp8z0fig 0 179814 2328255 2193437 2026-08-16T23:37:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:przychodzic przychodzić}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|zlw-opl|pl}} {{m|zlw-opl|przychodzić}} *{{prefix|przy|chodzić|lang=pl}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-#.wav}} ==={{verb}}=== {{pl-verb|impf|pf=przyjść}} #{{context|自動詞|[[あるく|歩い]]て|lang=pl}} [[くる|来る]]。 #:{{syn|pl|nadchodzić}} #:{{ant|pl|odchodzić}} ===={{usage}}==== *[[のりもの|乗り物]]を使う場合には'''''[[przyjeżdżać]]'''''が用いられる傾向にある。また、行き先が[[くに|国]]である場合には'''''[[przybywać]]'''''も用いられる。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{pl-conj-impf-vi|przychodzę|przychodzi|przychodzą|przychodził|przychodził|przychodziła|przychodziło|przychodzili|przychodziły|przychodź|przychodzenie|przychodzono}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|pl|przychodzić na świat}} ===={{rel}}==== 名詞: *{{l|pl|przychodnia|g=f}} *{{l|pl|przychód|g=m}} jip5unbpkmtevj4it7orsrw0fyoi9pg 0 179815 2328254 2193436 2026-08-16T23:37:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:przyjsc przyjść}} =={{pl}}== ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|pl|przyść|przyści|przyć|przyjć||中期ポーランド語}} ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|zlw-opl|pl}} {{m|zlw-opl|przyjć}} *{{prefix|przy|iść|lang=pl|sort=jsc}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-#.wav}} *{{kanahyoki|pl|プ'''シ'''イシチ}} ==={{verb}}=== {{pl-verb|pf|impf=przychodzić}} #{{context|自動詞|[[あるく|歩い]]て|lang=pl}} [[くる|来る]]。 #:{{syn|pl|nadejść}} #:{{ant|pl|odejść}} ===={{usage}}==== *[[のりもの|乗り物]]を使う場合には'''''[[przyjechać]]'''''が用いられる傾向にある。また、行き先が[[くに|国]]である場合には'''''[[przybyć]]'''''も用いられる。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{pl-conj-pf-vi|przyjdę|przyjdzie|przyjdą|przyszedł|przyszedł|przyszła|przyszło|przyszli|przyszły|przyjdź|przyszedłszy|przyjście|-}} ===={{drv}}==== 名詞: *{{l|pl|przyjście|g=n}} fsnsl2nrbwnpoupwd6g4k2ebl7621b6 0 180066 2328233 1549777 2026-08-16T23:21:41Z Jiba1219 100610 2328233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:zdobywac zdobywać}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=pl|zdɔˈbɨvat͡ɕ}} ===動詞=== {{head|pl|verb|cat2=不完了体|不完了体}} （完了体: [[zdobyć]]） # {{context|他動詞|lang=pl}} [[獲得|獲得する]]。 #* ''[[zdobywać]] [[bramka|bramkę]]'' - 《サッカー》 [[ゴール]][[を#助詞|を]]'''[[きめる|決める]]''' # {{context|他動詞|lang=pl}} [[征服|征服する]]。 #* {{lang|pl|''[[zdobywać]] {{l|pl|kraj}}''}} - [[領土]]を'''征服する''' ====活用==== {{pl-conj-impf-vt|zdobywam|zdobywa|zdobywają|zdobywał|zdobywał|zdobywała|zdobywało|zdobywali|zdobywały|zdobywaj|zdobywan|zdobywanie}} ====類義語==== 共通： * [[zyskać]], [[uzyskiwać]] 語義2: 〈征服する〉 * [[podbijać]] ====参照==== * [[dostawać]] djzulf1549fzpo30nkjo7216hl39i5a 0 180722 2328247 2217709 2026-08-16T23:33:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:zostac zostać}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|zlw-opl|pl}} {{m|zlw-opl|zostać}} *{{surf|pl|z-|ostać}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|zo.|a=Pl-zostać.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Matlin-zostać.wav}} ==={{verb}}=== {{pl-verb|pf|impf=zostawać}} #{{context|自動詞|又は||reflexive-się|lang=pl}} [[のこる|残る]]。 #:{{syn|pl|pozostać}} #*{{ux|pl|{{l|pl|nie|Nie}} [[pójść|pójdziesz]] [[dziś]] {{l|pl|do}} [[szkoła|szkoły]], '''zostaniesz''' {{l|pl|w}} [[dom]]u.|今日あなたは学校には行きません、家に'''いる'''のです。}} #*{{ux|pl|{{l|pl|po|Po}} [[urlop]]ie '''zostało''' {{l|pl|my|nam}} [[trochę]] [[zagraniczny]]ch {{l|pl|moneta|monet}}.|休暇の後、私たちにはわずかばかりの外貨だけが'''残った'''。}} #{{context|造格名詞を伴って|lang=pl}} ～に[[なる]]。 #:{{syn|pl|[[stać]] się}} #*{{ux|pl|[[polski|Polski]] [[bokser]] '''został''' [[zwycięzca|zwycięzcą]] [[pojedynek|pojedynku]].|ポーランドのボクサーが対決の勝者と'''なった'''。}} #{{context|動詞の[[過去形容分詞]]・[[主格]]形を伴って|lang=pl}} ～[[される]]。 #*{{ux|pl|[[wszystkie|Wszystkie]] [[drzewo|drzewa]] w [[park]]u '''zostały''' [[wycięty|wycięte]].|公園内の全ての木が伐り倒された。}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-conj-pf-vi|zostanę|zostanie|zostaną|został|został|została|zostało|zostali|zostały|zostań|zostawszy|zostanie|zostano}} ===={{drv}}==== {{rel-top|動詞 (不完了体/完了体)}} *{{l|pl|pozostawać}} / {{l|pl|pozostać}} {{rel-bottom}} ===={{rel}}==== {{rel-top|動詞 (不完了体/完了体)}} *{{l|pl|zostawiać}} / {{l|pl|zostawić}} {{rel-bottom}} ====参照==== 語義3: *[[dostać się]] 8jzxjh72mei8fgfouo8yjjtwo5m5rb8 0 185613 2328225 1927090 2026-08-16T22:39:08Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|つづく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|つづく}} #{{wagokanji of|つづく}} euh5q9v3jr69fctou1jmj4yy1ye8jcz 0 216025 2328245 2193400 2026-08-16T23:33:16Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328245 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-związek zawodowy.ogg}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} #[[労働組合]]。 #*{{uxi|pl|[[niezależny|Niezależny]] [[samorządny|Samorządny]] '''Związek Zawodowy''' „[[solidarność|Solidarność]]”|[[w:独立自主管理労働組合「連帯」|独立自主管理'''労働組合'''「連帯」]]}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun|związek zawodowy|związki zawodowe|związku zawodowego|związków zawodowych|związkowi zawodowemu|związkom zawodowym|związek zawodowy|związki zawodowe|związkiem zawodowym|związkami zawodowymi|związku zawodowym|związkach zawodowych|związku zawodowy|związki zawodowe}} kvqjmv2elpnc5dln9n4tcua79dt0sa4 828 221866 2328215 1872438 2026-08-16T22:13:19Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328215 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[==[ Wrap text in one or more qualifier CSS classes. `suffix` is the suffix describing the type of content, e.g. `brac` for parens, `content` for content, `comma` for commas. CSS classes <code>ib-<var>suffix</var></code> and i<code>qualifier-<var>suffix</var></code> are added. ]==] function export.wrap_qualifier_css(text, suffix) local css_classes = ("ib-%s qualifier-%s"):format(suffix, suffix) return export.wrap_css(text, css_classes) end function export.format_qualifier(list) if type(list) ~= "table" then list = { list } end if #list == 0 then return '' end return '<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span>' .. '<span class="ib-content qualifier-content">' .. table.concat(list, '<span class="ib-comma qualifier-comma">,</span> ') .. '</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>' end function export.qualifier_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {list = true, required = true}, } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local subvarieties = mw.loadData("Module:qualifier/subvarieties") for i, label in ipairs(args[1]) do if subvarieties[label] then require("Module:debug").track("qualifier/subvarieties") --[[ currently not working: local lang = subvarieties[label].languages[1] require("Module:debug").track("qualifier/subvarieties/" .. lang) ]] end end return export.format_qualifier(args[1]) end function export.sense_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {list = true, required = true}, } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) return export.format_qualifier(args[1]) .. '<span class="ib-colon sense-qualifier-colon">:</span>' end function export.gloss_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true}, } local args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) return '<span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content">' .. args[1] .. '</span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span>' end function export.non_gloss_definition_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true}, } local args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) return '<span class="use-with-mention">' .. require("Module:links").english_links(args[1]) .. '</span>' end function export.sense(list) -- keep in sync with [[Template:sense]] return export.format_qualifier(list) .. '<span class="ib-colon sense-qualifier-colon">:</span>' end return export 45mip7n92lu170q258vmqr3q0mvmnxp 2328216 2328215 2026-08-16T22:13:49Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328216 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[==[ Wrap text in one or more CSS classes. `classes` should be a string; separate multiple classes with a space. ]==] function export.wrap_css(text, classes) return ("<span class=\"%s\">%s</span>"):format(classes, text) end --[==[ Wrap text in one or more qualifier CSS classes. `suffix` is the suffix describing the type of content, e.g. `brac` for parens, `content` for content, `comma` for commas. CSS classes <code>ib-<var>suffix</var></code> and i<code>qualifier-<var>suffix</var></code> are added. ]==] function export.wrap_qualifier_css(text, suffix) local css_classes = ("ib-%s qualifier-%s"):format(suffix, suffix) return export.wrap_css(text, css_classes) end function export.format_qualifier(list) if type(list) ~= "table" then list = { list } end if #list == 0 then return '' end return '<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span>' .. '<span class="ib-content qualifier-content">' .. table.concat(list, '<span class="ib-comma qualifier-comma">,</span> ') .. '</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>' end function export.qualifier_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {list = true, required = true}, } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local subvarieties = mw.loadData("Module:qualifier/subvarieties") for i, label in ipairs(args[1]) do if subvarieties[label] then require("Module:debug").track("qualifier/subvarieties") --[[ currently not working: local lang = subvarieties[label].languages[1] require("Module:debug").track("qualifier/subvarieties/" .. lang) ]] end end return export.format_qualifier(args[1]) end function export.sense_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {list = true, required = true}, } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) return export.format_qualifier(args[1]) .. '<span class="ib-colon sense-qualifier-colon">:</span>' end function export.gloss_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true}, } local args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) return '<span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content">' .. args[1] .. '</span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span>' end function export.non_gloss_definition_t(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true}, } local args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) return '<span class="use-with-mention">' .. require("Module:links").english_links(args[1]) .. '</span>' end function export.sense(list) -- keep in sync with [[Template:sense]] return export.format_qualifier(list) .. '<span class="ib-colon sense-qualifier-colon">:</span>' end return export kxnuyu4oahqhlgb9gu6r07o9ec27jxz 0 224970 2328219 1550402 2026-08-16T22:19:53Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:obowiazek obowiązek}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-p|a=Pl-obowiązek.ogg|mp=obowiązek}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}}（生格・単数: {{l|pl|obowiązku}}<ref name="tp2003">{{R:pl:LPD2003}}</ref><ref>{{R:Sobol1994}}</ref>） #[[義務]]、[[責務]]。 #:{{syn|pl|powinność|zobowiązanie}} #*{{uxi|pl|[[ciężki]] [[obowiązek]]''|重い'''責務'''}} #*{{uxi|pl|[[dopełnić]] '''obowiązku'''''|'''義務'''を果たす}} #*{{uxi|pl|[[nakładać]] [[obowiązek]]''|'''義務'''を課す}} #*{{uxi|pl|[[poczuwać się]] {{l|pl|do}} '''obowiązku'''''|強制されていると感じる<ref name="tp2003" />}} #*{{uxi|pl|''[[spełnić]]''（または ''[[wypełnić]]''） '''''obowiązek'''''|'''義務を'''果たす}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|gens=obowiązku}} ===={{drv}}==== 副詞: *{{l|pl|obowiązkowo}} 形容詞: *{{l|pl|obowiązkowy}} ===={{rel}}==== 形容詞: * {{l|pl|obowiązany}} 動詞: *{{l|pl|obowiązywać}} **{{l|pl|zobowiązywać}} ({{l|pl|zobowiązywać się|się}}) / {{l|pl|zobowiązać}} ({{l|pl|zobowiązać się|się}}) ===={{seealso}}==== *{{l|pl|dyżur}}; {{l|pl|odpowiedzialność}} ===脚注=== <references /> phtixip8tb7md39xhyoqu73vvghc4hy 0 227476 2328357 1847629 2026-08-17T11:05:15Z M-30722 1202 2328357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|récite|récité|recité}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|it|plural|g=f}} #{{l|it|recita}}の複数形。 =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|fro|en}} {{m|fro|reciter}}＜ {{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|recitare}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ɹɪˈsaɪt|lang=en}} * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-recite.wav|a=英}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|recit|ing}} #{{タグ|en|transitive}} ～を[[朗読]]する、[[音読]]する、[[暗唱]]する、[[吟ずる]]。 #{{タグ|en|transitive}} ～を[[列挙]]する。 #{{タグ|en|intransitive}} [[朗読]]する、[[音読]]する、[[暗唱]]する。 ===={{drv}}==== * [[recitation]] ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|recit}} =={{L|es}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|es|verb form}} # {{es-verb form of|ending=ar|mood=imperative|pers=2|formal=yes|number=singular|recitar}} # {{es-verb form of|ending=ar|mood=subjunctive|tense=present|pers=1|number=singular|recitar}} # {{es-verb form of|ending=ar|mood=subjunctive|tense=present|pers=2|formal=yes|number=singular|recitar}} # {{es-verb form of|ending=ar|mood=subjunctive|tense=present|pers=3|number=singular|recitar}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{pt-verb-form}} # {{活用形|recitar||1|s|pres|subj|lang=pt}} # {{活用形|recitar||3|s|pres|subj|lang=pt}} # {{活用形|recitar||3|s|impr|lang=pt}} mkt538klu4gdg29h7gkzjrohjuomdyf 0 248413 2328165 1929478 2026-08-16T12:45:16Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2328165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|ばんた|ばんだ|パンダ}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}}【[[半]][[田]]、[[盤]][[陀]]　いずれも当て字】 #{{context|electronics|alloy|lang=jpn}}[[金属]]の[[接合]]に用いられる[[すず|錫]]と[[なまり|鉛]]を[[主成分]]とする[[合金]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[はんだごて]] *[[はんだづけ]] *[[鉛フリーはんだ]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{T|is}}: {{t|is|lóðmálmur|m}}, {{t|is|lóðtin|n}}, {{t|is|brasmálmur|m}}, {{t|is|loðningarefni|n}} *{{T|ga}}: {{t|ga|sádar|m}} *{{T|hy}}: {{t|hy|զոդ}} *{{T|cy}}: {{t|cy|sodr|m}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|solder}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|soldeersel|n}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|συγκολλώ}} *{{T|gu}}: {{t|gu|રેણ}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|estaño para soldar|m}}, {{t|es|estaño|m}} *{{T|sh}}: {{t|sh|lem|m}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|pájka|f}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|cmn|焊料|tr=hànliào|sc=Hani}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|땜납|tr=ddaemnap}} *{{T|da}}: {{t|da|loddemetal|n}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Lötmetall|n}}, {{t|de|Lot|n}}, {{t|de|Lötdraht|m}}, {{t|de|Lötzinn|n}} *{{T|tr}}: {{t|tr|lehim}} *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nn}}: {{t|nn|loddemetall|n}}, {{t|nn|loddetråd|m}} *:{{T|nb}}: {{t|nb|loddemetall|n}}, {{t|nb|loddetråd}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|juote}}, {{t|fi|juotosmetalli}}, {{t|fi|juotostina}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|soudure|f}} *{{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|لحیم|tr=lahim|sc=fa-Arab}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|cyna|f}}, {{t|pl|spoiwo lutownicze|n}} (公式), {{t|pl|lut|m}} *{{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|solda|f}} *{{T|lv}}: {{t|lv|lode|f}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|припой|m}} {{trans-bottom}} gygrskow375xx5r91z5qnjskszzj2sw 0 265853 2328338 1499594 2026-08-17T10:42:39Z Maraschino Cherry 93381 /* 註 */ 2328338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:くんをぬく}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] ===連語=== [[Category:{{ja}}_連語]] '''[[群]][[を]][[ぬく|抜く]]'''（ぐんをぬく） #[[ほか|他]]と[[くらべる|比べ]]て[[突出]]して[[すぐれる|優れる]]。 #*その当時、他にも相当の女形がないではなかったが、源之助の人気は'''群を抜い'''ていた。（岡本綺堂「源之助の一生」）〔1936年〕<ref>青空文庫（2008年11月29日作成）（底本：「岡本綺堂随筆集」岩波文庫、岩波書店、2008年5月23日第4刷）https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000082/files/49551_33614.html 2019年4月18日参照。</ref> #*無釉陶の中でも、'''群を抜い'''て美しいのが、この備前焼である。（北大路魯山人「備前焼」）〔1953年〕<ref>青空文庫（2018年2月25日作成）（底本：「魯山人陶説」中公文庫、中央公論新社、2008年11月25日12刷）https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001403/files/55084_64135.html 2019年4月18日参照。</ref> ===={{syn}}==== *[[抜群]] *[[とびぬける]]、[[ずばぬける]]、[[ぬきんでる]] ===註=== <references/> 67e4a6vxkb1uao74ixql9n7zv0fz18d 0 322709 2328174 2107287 2026-08-16T14:11:10Z 鍼灸 112313 2328174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ほうかく}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[法学]]】：[[法律]]についての[[学問]]。 *【[[方角]]】：[[方向]]、[[方位]]。 *【[[邦楽]]】：[[日本]][[古来]]の[[音楽]]。 *【[[放学]]】：[[学籍]]の[[除籍]][[処分]]。 *【[[蜂学]]】：[[はち|蜂]]について研究する[[昆虫学]]の一種。 24oe99682uajh84xml6rq3h660rgyow 0 340404 2328298 2213442 2026-08-17T03:22:43Z うーむ 129171 /* 関連語 */ 2328298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|にくだん}} {{wikipedia}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|にくだん}} #{{タグ|ja|軍事}}[[兵士]]の[[肉体]]を[[弾丸]]の代わりとして、[[敵陣]]に[[突入]]すること。 #{{タグ|ja|性行為}}主に[[性的]]な工作のために肉体を用いること。 ===={{etym}}==== [[明治]]期の[[w:櫻井忠温|櫻井忠温]]の[[小説]]の題名から。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[肉弾戦]] *[[特別攻撃]]（[[特攻]]） **[[特別攻撃隊]]（[[特攻隊]]） *[[自爆テロ]] 7sllm78risnm0rwhi4ib6xpnmc1azvz 0 343983 2328354 1934401 2026-08-17T10:58:27Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2328354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|はんべん|ばんぺん}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia|半片}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] '''はんぺん'''【[[半片]]、[[半平]]】 #[[魚類]]の[[肉]]の[[すりみ|すり身]]に[[やまのいも|山の芋]]などを[[くわえる|加え]]、[[ねる|練っ]]て、[[むす|蒸し]]たもの。 [[Category:{{ja}} 食品]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[ねりもの]] 0n7dy89wr2s4pitah8xu45wc3wi9lvs 0 346217 2328305 1935514 2026-08-17T03:42:24Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|しょうせい}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{homonym}}=== {{head|ja|同音異義}} *【[[上世]]】[[おおむかし]]。 *【[[情勢]]】[[変化]]していく[[物事]]の、その[[時々]]の[[状態]]や、[[近い]][[将来]]に[[予想]]されるなりゆき。 *【[[醸成]]】[[発酵]]により[[酒]]や[[醤油]]や[[味噌]]を[[つくる|造る]]こと。 8ulnm407deb8f0rrr20ckj87ay3thq5 0 350335 2328370 1647607 2026-08-17T11:30:11Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:たくしよう たくしょう 托生}} =={{ja}}== [[category:{{ja}}]] ==={{alter}}=== *[[託生]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] {{jachars}} (たくしょう、たくせい) #他のものにたよって生存すること。 #[[寄生]]。 #*{{ruby|'''托生'''蘭|たくせいらん}}、{{ruby|石松類|なんかくらんるい}}等に奇物多し。([[w:南方熊楠|南方熊楠]] 『神社合祀に関する意見』) #*十一年前予紀州西牟婁郡朝来沼で丁斑魚にミクソネマ・テヌエてふ[[緑藻]]が'''託生'''せるを見出したが三、四年経てアイルランドで同じ藻が金魚に著きいるを見出した人があった。([[w:南方熊楠|南方熊楠]] 『十二支考 虎に関する史話と伝説民俗』) #[[輪廻]]して生まれ変わる。 #*[[三位一体|三位一體]]、[[本地垂迹]]のやうな説は、[[宗教]]の[[常套]]であるが、此意味に於て、元始天尊と老子とは別なものとされながら又一方には老子は榑桑太常玉帝天宮に開冥賢劫の時に'''託生'''して、無極太上大道君とも曰ひ、最上至眞正一眞人とも云ひ、無上虚皇元始天尊とも云ひ、何億年を教主として人を度し世を濟つたともされてゐるのである。([[w:幸田露伴|幸田露伴]] 『道教に就いて』) ====由来==== [[category:由来 荘子]] *『[[w:荘子|荘子]]』「託生與民並行，而不知其所之。」より。 ===={{prov}}==== *[[一蓮托生]] ---- =={{zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|tuo1sheng1]] ==={{alter}}=== *託生 ==={{verb}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{verb}}|tuo1sheng1]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|tuōshēng}}) #[[寄生]]する。 #[[輪廻]]して生まれ変わる。 q3ohbqlsugzp0t18qbrzrbzitv3pf4k 0 356558 2328299 1938301 2026-08-17T03:27:15Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328299 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じばく}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}_サ変動詞]] {{jachar|自|爆}}（[[じばく]]） #[[戦況]]などにより[[みずから|自ら]]がのっている[[艦艇]]や[[飛行機]]を[[爆砕]]すること。 #{{context|slang|lang=ja}}[[自分]]がした[[行為]]により自分が破滅的な[[被害]]を受けること。 ===={{prov}}==== *[[自爆テロ]] ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{verb}}]] {{日本語サ変活用}} bsrilzxm257ji45b61sj3fs9ehyfegr 0 385731 2328330 2271095 2026-08-17T09:56:53Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんか|はんが}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[万化]]】さまざまに変化すること。 *【[[晩夏]]】夏の終わり頃。 *【[[挽歌]]】哀傷歌。 *【[[蕃茄]]】トマトの異称。 *【[[晩霞]]】夕焼け。 j9sf9gxy6wz3aom98zoui7m6516p82e 0 402341 2328296 1953859 2026-08-17T03:19:06Z うーむ 129171 2328296 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とっこう}} {{ja-kanjitab|とく|k1=とっ|こう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[とっこう]]}} #{{タグ|ja|略語}}[[特別攻撃]]の略。[[特別]]に[[編成]]した[[部隊]]で攻撃すること。特に、[[第二次世界大戦]]中に日本軍がとった敵軍へ[[体当たり]]して[[自爆]]するような[[作戦]]。 #{{context|figuratively|lang=ja}}[[失敗]]を[[覚悟]]で突き進むこと。当たって砕けること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|とっこう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} k9gig0mpci8phds8c7ex6bx15ufdkq1 2328297 2328296 2026-08-17T03:20:04Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328297 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とっこう}} {{ja-kanjitab|とく|k1=とっ|こう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[とっこう]]}} #{{タグ|ja|略語}}[[特別攻撃]]の略。[[特別]]に[[編成]]した[[部隊]]で攻撃すること。特に、[[第二次世界大戦]]中に日本軍がとった敵軍へ[[体当たり]]して[[自爆]]するような[[作戦]]。 #{{context|figuratively|lang=ja}}[[失敗]]を[[覚悟]]で突き進むこと。当たって砕けること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|とっこう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[特攻隊]] hgzxsa4x4ct7t971hjxhycflav9cihb 0 403377 2328206 1954219 2026-08-16T21:36:41Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ねむりぐすり}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|ねむりぐすり}} #{{wagokanji of|ねむりぐすり}} 0wv242tcwbw9vjq09rf7b3j32wme1dj 0 444860 2328306 2189520 2026-08-17T03:52:44Z ふゆくれ 95641 2328306 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|支|2}} {{kanji variants|歧=字義3}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[匕]]」+[[音符]]「[[支]] {{phoneme|*KE}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(qì) 傾く。 #(qǐ) 仰ぐ。首を後ろに反らした様子。 #(qí) 「[[歧]]」の[[異体字]]（『正字通』掲載）。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|音=キ|訓=かたむ-く<かたぶ-く|古訓=ちまた,くまた,たかし;{{w|篇立}}}} ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=きかたむく|head={{PAGENAME}}|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-08-17}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qi4}} {{och-cat|kheh}} {{zh-han|m=qì,qǐ,qí}} **'''[[上古音]]''': ***'''布之道''': /*kʰeh/ =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|mj={{mjmoji|037183}}|cns=4-2277|全={{全字庫|270967}}}} {{検字|倉頡=PJE}} {{字典|諸橋=13062|康煕=0467.040|hdz=21328.010|広韻=348.31|vt=A02071-004/C04540}} i0uzvaw33vy8nd45vr5y64nir9ktmfg 10 462708 2328227 1887824 2026-08-16T23:09:51Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[テンプレート:pl-p]]への転送ページ 2328227 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[テンプレート:pl-p]] pedzhyq2737eqp7xu59g86m4sbx2lqr 10 462892 2328213 1888095 2026-08-16T22:10:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 アップデートしてあまりにエラー出る用なら考える 2328213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:zlw-lch-IPA|show|lang=pl}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:{{pl}}_発音テンプレート]]</noinclude> 30la45bsb3ar254iour6pa2ahykmm8z 0 465155 2328286 1972664 2026-08-17T02:34:26Z 鍼灸 112313 2328286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia|ボルネオ島}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|Borneo}} ==={{name}}=== {{ja-proper noun}} #{{context|place|island|lang=ja}} [[東南アジア]]にあり、[[インドネシア]]と[[ブルネイ]]と[[マレーシア]]に跨る[[世界]]で3番目に大きな島。 ====別表記==== 特記の無いものは当て字。 *[[婆羅]] *[[浡泥]] *[[保留根尾]] *[[カリマンタン]]（インドネシア語での呼称） c1r3gk9qlq09v7di4ay2o17wbme6fqd 0 473524 2328223 1913910 2026-08-16T22:31:08Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* {{pron}} */ 2328223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:azerbejdzan}} {{also|Azerbejdžan}} =={{L|csb}}== ==={{name}}=== {{csb-proper noun|m-in}} #{{context|アジアの国|lang=csb}}[[アゼルバイジャン]]。 ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fa|pl}} {{m|fa|آذربایجان|tr=âzarbâyjân}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-p|#,Azerbej'dżan|a=Pl-#.ogg}} ==={{name}}=== {{head|pl|name|g=m}} #{{context|アジアの国|lang=pl}}[[アゼルバイジャン]]。 {{pl-decl-noun|Azerbejdżan|Azerbejdżany|Azerbejdżanu|Azerbejdżanów|Azerbejdżanowi|Azerbejdżanom|Azerbejdżan|Azerbejdżany|Azerbejdżanem|Azerbejdżanami|Azerbejdżanie|Azerbejdżanach|Azerbejdżanie|Azerbejdżany}} ===={{drv}}==== * (形容詞) {{l|pl|azerski}}, {{l|pl|azerbejdżański}} * (名詞) {{l|pl|Azerbejdżanin}}, {{l|pl|Azerbejdżanka}}, {{l|pl|Azer}}, {{l|pl|Azerka}} 199z580cx67i0q28h4rp5kb8r71zrsm 10 480619 2328210 2323366 2026-08-16T22:05:59Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:zlw-lch-IPA|show|lang=zlw-slv}}<!-- --><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{zlw-slv}}_テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> ibk5m0uppd1z1h5abjaje2shjjfjwrc 828 480620 2328207 2323365 2026-08-16T21:42:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Module:zlw-lch-IPA]]から更新 2328207 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local audio_module = "Module:audio" local links_module = "Module:links" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local u = m_str_utils.char local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rmatch = m_str_utils.match local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local usub = mw.ustring.sub local OVERTIE = u(0x361) -- COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE local vowels = "aãăɒeɛɜəɘiĭɨɪoõŏɔɞɵuŭʉy" -- In cases where there are two possible stresses (e.g. in words ending in -ika/-yka), we put ALTSTRESS where both -- stresses can go, and handle this later in multiword(). local ALTSTRESS = u(0xFFF0) -- Lect data later retrieved in the module. local lectdata -- FIXME: Implement optional assimilation across word boundaries. local assimilate_across_word_boundaries = false local function track(page) require("Module:debug/track")("zlw-lch-IPA/" .. page) return true end -- Version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value. local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar) while true do local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar) if new_term == term then return term end term = new_term end end -- Flat-map a function `fun` over `items`. This is like `map` over a sequence followed by `flatten`, i.e. the function -- must itself return a sequence and all of the returned sequences are flattened into a single sequence. local function flatmap(items, fun) local new = {} for _, item in ipairs(items) do local results = fun(item) for _, result in ipairs(results) do m_table.insertIfNot(new, result) end end return new end local function generate_obj(respelling) return {respelling = respelling} end -- Combine two sets of qualifiers, either of which may be nil or a list of qualifiers. Remove duplicate qualifiers. -- Return value is nil or a list of qualifiers. local function combine_qualifiers(qual1, qual2) if not qual1 then return qual2 end if not qual2 then return qual1 end local qualifiers = m_table.deepCopy(qual1) for _, qual in ipairs(qual2) do m_table.insertIfNot(qualifiers, qual) end return qualifiers end local function split_on_comma(term) if not term then return nil end if term:find(",%s") or term:find("\\") then return require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(term) else return rsplit(term, ",") end end -- Remove any HTML from the formatted text and resolve links, since the extra characters don't contribute to the -- displayed length. local function convert_to_raw_text(text) text = rsub(text, "<.->", "") if text:find("%[%[") then text = require(links_module).remove_links(text) end return text end -- Return the approximate displayed length in characters. local function textual_len(text) return ulen(convert_to_raw_text(text)) end local function parse_respellings_with_modifiers(respelling, paramname) if respelling:find("[<%[]") then local put = require(parse_utilities_module) -- Parse balanced segment runs involving either [...] (substitution notation) or <...> (inline modifiers). -- We do this because we don't want commas inside of square or angle brackets to count as respelling -- delimiters. However, we need to rejoin square-bracketed segments with nearby ones after splitting -- alternating runs on comma. For example, if we are given -- "a[x]a<q:learned>,[vol:vôl,ks]<q:nonstandard>", after calling -- parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run() we get the following output: -- -- {"a", "[x]", "a", "<q:learned>", ",", "[vol:vôl,ks]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""} -- -- After calling split_alternating_runs(), we get the following: -- -- {{"a", "[x]", "a", "<q:learned>", ""}, {"", "[vol:vôl,ks]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""}} -- -- We need to rejoin stuff on either side of the square-bracketed portions. local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(respelling, {{"<", ">"}, {"[", "]"}}) local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments) -- Process each value. local retval = {} for _, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do -- Rejoin runs that don't involve <...>. local j = 2 while j <= #group do if not group[j]:find("^<.*>$") then group[j - 1] = group[j - 1] .. group[j] .. group[j + 1] table.remove(group, j) table.remove(group, j) else j = j + 2 end end local param_mods = { q = {type = "qualifier"}, qq = {type = "qualifier"}, a = {type = "labels"}, aa = {type = "labels"}, ref = {item_dest = "refs", type = "references"}, } table.insert(retval, put.parse_inline_modifiers_from_segments { group = group, arg = respelling, props = { paramname = paramname, param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, }, }) end return retval else local retval = {} for _, item in ipairs(split_on_comma(respelling)) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(item)) end return retval end end -- Parse a pronunciation modifier in `arg`, the argument portion in an inline modifier (after the prefix), which -- specifies a pronunciation property such as rhyme, hyphenation/syllabification, homophones or audio. The argument -- can itself have inline modifiers, e.g. <audio:Foo.ogg<a:Masovia>>. The allowed inline modifiers are specified -- by `param_mods` (of the format expected by `parse_inline_modifiers()`); in addition to any modifiers specified -- there, the modifiers <q:...>, <qq:...>, <a:...>, <aa:...> and <ref:...> are always accepted. `generate_obj` and -- `parse_err` are like in `parse_inline_modifiers()` and specify respectively a function to generate the object into -- which modifier properties are stored given the non-modifier part of the argument, and a function to generate an error -- message (given the message). Normally, a comma-separated list of pronunciation properties is accepted and parsed, -- where each element in the list can have its own inline modifiers and where no spaces are allowed next to the commas -- in order for them to be recognized as separators. This can be overridden with `splitchar` (which can actually be a -- Lua pattern). The return value is a list of property objects. local function parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods, splitchar) splitchar = splitchar or "," if arg:find("<") then param_mods.q = {type = "qualifier"} param_mods.qq = {type = "qualifier"} param_mods.a = {type = "labels"} param_mods.aa = {type = "labels"} param_mods.ref = {item_dest = "refs", type = "references"} return require(parse_utilities_module).parse_inline_modifiers(arg, { param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, paramname = paramname, splitchar = splitchar, }) else local retval = {} local split_arg = splitchar == "," and split_on_comma(arg) or rsplit(arg, splitchar) for _, term in ipairs(split_arg) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(term)) end return retval end end local function parse_audio(lang, arg, pagename, paramname) local param_mods = { IPA = { sublist = true, }, text = {}, t = { item_dest = "gloss", }, -- No tr=, ts=, or sc=; doesn't make sense for Polish. gloss = {}, pos = {}, -- No alt=; text= already goes in alt=. lit = {}, -- No id=; text= already goes in alt= and isn't normally linked. g = { item_dest = "genders", sublist = true, }, bad = {}, cap = { item_dest = "caption", }, } local function process_special_chars(val) if not val then return val end return (val:gsub("[#~]", { ["#"] = pagename, ["~"] = pagename .. " się", })) end local function generate_audio_obj(arg) return {file = process_special_chars(arg)} end -- Split on semicolon instead of comma because some filenames have embedded commas not followed by a space -- (typically followed by an underscore). local retvals = parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_audio_obj, param_mods, "%s*;%s*") for _, retval in ipairs(retvals) do retval.lang = lang retval.text = process_special_chars(retval.text) retval.caption = process_special_chars(retval.caption) local textobj = require(audio_module).construct_audio_textobj(retval) retval.text = textobj -- Set to nil the fields that were moved into `retval.text`. retval.gloss = nil retval.pos = nil retval.lit = nil retval.genders = nil end return retvals end local function parse_homophones(arg, paramname) local function generate_obj(term) return {term = term} end local param_mods = { t = { -- [[Module:links]] expects the gloss in "gloss". item_dest = "gloss", }, gloss = {}, -- No tr=, ts=, or sc=; doesn't make sense for Polish. pos = {}, alt = {}, lit = {}, id = {}, g = { -- [[Module:links]] expects the genders in "genders". item_dest = "genders", sublist = true, }, } return parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods) end --[=[ Given a single word in `txt`, compute its "lightly phonetic" IPA representation. If there are multiple possible outputs (e.g. because of -yka/-ika words or words with clitics such as -by- or -śmy/-ście), we signal this through special symbols such as ALTSTRESS or capital letters (on input, capital letters have been lowercased so we can use capital letters as special symbols). The actual generation of multiple outputs happens in multiword() after the full term's IPA has been generated. Return two values: the IPA representation and the hyphenation. ]=] local function single_word(data) local txt, lang, lect = data.txt, data.lang, data.lect local is_pagename = txt == data.pagename -- This is the number of syllables before the penultimate syllable onto which to add the stress. local penultimate_offset = 0 local is_prefix = not not txt:find("%-$") local is_suffix = not not txt:find("^%-") local unstressed = data.is_prep or is_prefix -- If penultimate_offset > 0, add a second stress onto the penult. local double_stress = false function tsub(s, r) local c txt, c = rsubn(txt, s, r) return c > 0 end function tsub_repeatedly(s, r) txt = rsub_repeatedly(txt, s, r) end function lg(s) return s[lang] or s[1] end function tfind(s) return rfind(txt, s) end -- ⟨Å⟩ is allowed for Standard Kurpian only. if tfind("[Åå]") and not (lang == "pl" and lect == "skur") then error("Please replace å with á") end -- Save indices of uppercase characters before setting everything lowercase. local uppercase_indices uppercase_indices = {} local capitals = ("[A-Z%s]"):format(lg { pl = "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ" --[[and the dialectal]] .. "ÁÅÉËÏÔÛÝ" --[[and the MPl]] .. "ḾṔẂ", szl = "ÃĆŁŃŌŎÔÕŚŹŻ", csb = "ÔÒÃËÙÉÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ", ["zlw-slv"] = "ÃÉËÊÓÕÔÚÙŃŻ", }) if tfind(capitals) then local i = 1 local str = rsub(txt, "[.\"'^*+&]", "") while rfind(str, capitals, i) do local r, _ = rfind(str, capitals, i) table.insert(uppercase_indices, r) i = r + 1 end end if #uppercase_indices == 0 then uppercase_indices = nil end txt = ulower(txt) -- Replace digraphs with single capital letters to simplify the code below. tsub("[crsd][hzżź]", { cz = "C", rz = "R", sz = "S", dz = "D", ch = "H", ["dż"] = "Ż", ["dź"] = "Ź", }) if lect == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "B") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("gh", "G") tsub("y̆", "Y") end local function undo_digraph_replacement(txt) return rsub(txt, "[CRSDHŻŹBG]", { C = "cz", R = "rz", S = "sz", D = "dz", H = "ch", ["Ż"] = "dż", ["Ź"] = "dź", B = "b́", G = "gh", Y = "y̆", }) end -- Vowels, both spelled and IPA vowels. To make the distinction easier, we separate the IPA-only vowels and -- concatenate them at the end. For Polish, we additionally separate the spelled Middle Polish vowels. local V_no_IU = lg { pl = "aąeęioóuy" .. "áåéëïôûý" .. "ɛɔɘ", szl = "aãeéioōŏôõuy" .. "ɛɔɪ", csb = "aãąeéëioôòóuùy" .. "ɛɜɔõɞ", -- NOTE: DO NOT include ɔ̃ here because it's not a single Unicode character. ["zlw-slv"] = "aãāăeéëêEiĭoóõôŏuúùŭŭùyY" .. "ɛɪɔɵʉə", } local V = V_no_IU .. "IU" local C = ("[^%sU.'\"]"):format(V_no_IU) if txt:find("^%*") then -- The symbol <*> before a word indicates it is unstressed. unstressed = true txt = txt:sub(2) elseif txt:find("^%^+") then -- The symbol <^> before a word indicates it is stressed on the antepenult, -- <^^> on the ante-antepenult, etc. penultimate_offset = txt:match("^(%^+)"):len() txt = txt:sub(penultimate_offset + 1) elseif txt:find("^&+") then -- The symbol <&> before a word indicates it has double stress on both the antepenult (prescriptive) and on -- the penult (colloquial); <&&> is similar but for ante-antepenult and penult, etc. penultimate_offset = txt:match("^(&+)"):len() txt = txt:sub(penultimate_offset + 1) double_stress = true elseif txt:find("^%+") then -- The symbol <+> indicates the word is stressed regularly on the penult. This is useful -- for avoiding the following checks to come into place. txt = txt:sub(2) else if tfind(".+[łlb][iy]") then -- this first check is an optimization only -- Some words endings trigger stress on the antepenult or ante-antepenult regularly. if tfind("łybyśmy$") or tfind("libyśmy$") or tfind("łybyście$") or tfind("libyście$") then penultimate_offset = 2 elseif tfind("ł[aoy]?by[mś]?$") or tfind("liby[mś]?$") then penultimate_offset = 1 elseif tfind("łyśmy$") or tfind("liśmy$") or tfind("łyście$") or tfind("liście$") then penultimate_offset = 1 double_stress = true end end -- FIXME, is the following correct? if lect == "mpl" then if tfind(".+[yi]j.+") then local endings = { "[ąáéo]", "[ée]j", "[áo]m", "ach" } for _, v in ipairs(endings) do if tfind(("[yi]j%s$"):format(v)) then penultimate_offset = 1 -- FIXME: correct? -- double_stress = true end end end end end -- TODO: mpl, csb, szl, zlw-slv -- Syllabify common prefixes as separate; note that since we replaced digraphs above with single -- chars, we need to use the replacement chars here. Longer prefixes must precede shorter subprefixes, -- e.g. niedo- must precede nie- for the former to be recognized. local prefixes = { 'a"?ero', '"?anty', '"?arcy', "bez", "Ctero", "ćwierć", "dwu", "mało", "niby", "niedo", "nie", "[pt]Ry", "pRed?", "roze?", "wielo", "współ", "wy", -- <do-, na-, po-, o-, u-> would hit too many false positives } for _, prefix in ipairs(prefixes) do if tfind("^" .. prefix) then -- Make sure the suffix is followed by zero or more consonants (including - but not -- including a syllable divider) followed by a vowel. We do this so that we don't put -- a syllable divider when the user specified the divider in a different place. tsub(("^(%s)(%s*[%s])"):format(prefix, C, V), "%1.%2") break end end -- syllabify common suffixes as separate local suffixes = lg { pl = { "nąć", "[sc]tw[aou]", "[sc]twie", "[sc]tw[eo]m", "[sc]twami", "[sc]twach", "dztw[aou]", "dztwie", "dztw[eo]m", "dztwami", "dztwach", "dł[aou]", "dł[eo]m", "dłami", "dłach", "[czs]j[aeięąo]", "[czs]jom", "[czs]jami", "[czs]jach", }, szl = { "nōńć", "dło", }, csb = { "nąc", "dło" }, ["zlw-slv"] = { "nõc", "dlô" }, } for _, v in ipairs(suffixes) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s]%s*)(%s)$"):format(V, C, v), "%1.%2") then break end end -- Syllabify <-Ctka> as /Ct.ka/, e.g. in [[-istka]], [[haftka]], [[adiunktka]], [[abiturientka]], [[ćwiartka]], -- [[adeptka]], etc. Same for any case form. local C_before_t = "łrnfskp" if tfind(("[%s][%s]+t[kc]"):format(V, C_before_t)) then local endings = lg { -- As with prefixes above, must use digraph replacement codes. { "k[aąęio]", "ce", "kaH", "kom", "kami" }, szl = { "k[aãio]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacaH", "kōma" }, csb = { "k[aãąioôòùó]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacaH", }, } for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s][%s]+t)(%s)$"):format(V, C_before_t, ending), "%1.%2") then break end end end if lang == "pl" then -- FIXME: Add support for other languages and lects. -- Syllabify <-Ctny> as /Ct.ny/, and <-Ctnik> as <Ct.nik>; same for any case form. if tfind(("[%s][%s]+tn"):format(V, C_before_t)) then local endings = lg { -- As with prefixes above, must use digraph replacement codes. -- -ny { "n[yaeią]", "nego", "nej", "nyH", "nemu", "nymi?", -- -nik, -nica "nik[aui]?", "nikowi", "nikiem", "ników", "ni[kc]om", "ni[kc]ami", "ni[kc]aH", "nic[ayeęąo]?", } } for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s][%s]+t)(%s)$"):format(V, C_before_t, ending), "%1.%2") then break end end end end -- falling diphthongs <au> and <eu>, and diacriticised variants tsub(lg { "([aeáé])u", csb = "([ae])ù" }, "%1U") -- rising diphthongs with <iV> tsub(("([^%s])" .. (lang == "zlw-slv" and "j" or "i") .. "([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1I%2") -- Prevent palatalization of the special case kwazi-. tsub("^kwazi", "kwaz-i") -- Syllabify by adding a period (.) between syllables. There may already be user-supplied syllable divisions -- (period or single quote), which we need to respect. This works by replacing each sequence of VC*V with -- V.V, V.CV, V.TRV (where T is an obstruent and R is a liquid) or otherwise VTR.C+V or VC.C+V, i.e. if there are -- multiple consonants, place the syllable boundary after the first TR sequence or otherwise the first consonant. -- We need to repeat since each VC*V sequence overlaps the next one. Digraphs have already been replaced by single -- capital letters. -- -- FIXME: I don't believe it's necessarily correct in a sequence of obstruents to place the boundary after the -- first one. I think we should respect the possible onsets. tsub(("qu([%s])"):format(V), "Q%1") -- replace qu before vowel with Q for easier syllabifying -- List of obstruents and liquids, including capital letters representing digraphs. We count rz as a liquid even -- in Polish. local obstruent = "bBcćCdDfgGhHkpṕQqsSśtxzźżŹŻ" local liquid_no_w = "IjlrR" local liquid = liquid_no_w .. "łwẃ" -- We need to treat I (<i> in hiatus) as a consonant, and since we check for two vowels in a row, we don't want -- U to be one of the second vowels. tsub_repeatedly(("([%sU])(%s*)([%s])"):format(V_no_IU, C, V_no_IU), function(v1, cons, v2) local cons_no_hyphen = cons:gsub("%-", "") -- If there's only one consonant, or just an obstruent-liquid sequence, or any single consonant followed by -- written i in hiatus, put the syllable break before the consonant(s); but don't do this for -ńj-, or -ńi- -- in hiatus, or in the sequence -nii- (which later gets handled specially and converted to -ńji-). if (ulen(cons_no_hyphen) < 2 or rfind(cons_no_hyphen, ("^[%s][%s]I?$"):format(obstruent, liquid)) or rfind(cons_no_hyphen, ("^%sI$"):format(C))) and not rfind(cons_no_hyphen, "^ń[Ij]$") and not (cons_no_hyphen == "nI" and v2 == "i") then cons = "." .. cons else local nsubs -- Don't syllabify [[niósłby]] as niósł.by or [[jabłczan]] as jabłczan. -- FIXME: Not sure if this is quite right. cons, nsubs = rsubn(cons, ("^(%%-?[%s]%%-?[%s])"):format(obstruent, liquid_no_w), "%1.") if nsubs == 0 then cons = rsub(cons, "^(%-?.)", "%1.") end end return ("%s%s%s"):format(v1, cons, v2) end) tsub("Q", "qu") -- undo qu -> Q replacement -- If the text is not the pagename, ignore certain symbols and diacritics for the hyphenation. local hyph = is_pagename and txt or txt:gsub("['\"]", "."):gsub("^%.", ""):gsub("-", ""):gsub(",", "") if lang == "zlw-slv" then hyph = rsubn(hyph, "[IăĭŏŭYā]", { ["I"] = "j", ["ă"] = "a", ["ĭ"] = "i", ["ŏ"] = "o", ["ŭ"] = "u", ["Y"] = "y", ["ā"] = "a", }) end hyph = undo_digraph_replacement(hyph) hyph = hyph:lower() -- Restore uppercase characters. if uppercase_indices then -- str_i loops through all the characters of the string -- list_i loops as above but doesn't count dots -- array_i loops through the indices at which the capital letters are local str_i, list_i, array_i = 1, 1, 1 function h_sub(x, y) return usub(hyph, x, y) end while array_i <= #uppercase_indices do if h_sub(str_i, str_i) ~= "." then if list_i == uppercase_indices[array_i] then hyph = ("%s%s%s"):format(h_sub(1,str_i-1), uupper(h_sub(str_i,str_i)), h_sub(str_i+1)) array_i = array_i + 1 end list_i = list_i + 1 end str_i = str_i + 1 end end tsub("'", "ˈ") tsub('"', "ˌ") txt = undo_digraph_replacement(txt) -- handle <x>; must precede ch -> [x]; use - to prevent palatalization by following i tsub("x", "ks-") -- move syllable boundary between [ks] if preceded by a vowel tsub(("([%s])([.ˈˌ])ks"):format(V), "%1k%2s") -- handle digraphs tsub("ch", "x") tsub("[cs]z", { ["cz"]="t_ʂ", ["sz"]="ʂ" }) tsub("rz", "R") tsub("d([zżź])", "d_%1") tsub("qu", "kw") if lang == "pl" and lect == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "bʲ") end if lang == "pl" and lect == "skur" then tsub("ę̈", "əN") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("gh", "ɣ") end -- basic orthographical rules -- replacements that are the same (almost) everywhere; can be overridden local replacements = { -- vowels ["e"] = "ɛ", ["o"] = "ɔ", -- consonants ["c"] = "t_s", ["ć"] = "t_ɕ", ["ń"] = "ɲ", ["ś"] = "ɕ", ["ź"] = "ʑ", ["ł"] = "w", ["w"] = "v", ["ż"] = "ʐ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["h"] = "x", } local function override(tbl) for k, v in pairs(tbl) do replacements[k] = v end end -- not using lg() here for speed if lang == "pl" then override { -- vowels ["ą"] = "ɔN", ["ę"] = "ɛN", ["ó"] = "u", ["y"] = "ɘ", } if lect then override { ["é"] = "e", ["á"] = "ɒ", } if lect == "mpl" then -- Middle Polish override { ["ę"] = "ɛ̃", ["ą"] = "ɔ̃", ["y"] = "ɨ", ["ó"] = "o", ["ł"] = "ɫ", ["ṕ"] = "pʲ", ["ḿ"] = "mʲ", ["ẃ"] = "vʲ", } -- <b́> has no Unicode character and hence is handled above else override { ["ô"] = "wɔ", ["û"] = "wu", ["ý"] = "Y", } if lectdata.lects[lect].mid_o then replacements["ó"] = "o" elseif lect == "ekr" then -- Eastern Kraków replacements["ó"] = "O" end if lectdata.lects[lect].front_y then replacements["y"] = "Y" end if lectdata.lects[lect].dark_l then replacements["ł"] = "ɫ" replacements["l"] = "lʲ" end if lectdata.lects[lect].glottal_h then replacements["h"] = "h" end if lect == "skur" then -- Standard Kurpian override { ["å"] = replacements["á"], ["ą"] = "oN", ["ï"] = "ɪ", ["ë"] = "ə", -- <ę̈> has no Unicode codepoints and is handled above } end end end tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "szl" then override { -- vowels ["ō"] = "o", ["ŏ"] = "O", ["ô"] = "wɔ", ["õ"] = "ɔ̃", ["y"] = "ɪ", } if lect then if lectdata.lects[lect].glottal_h then replacements["h"] = "h" end end tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "csb" then override { -- vowels ["é"] = "e", ["ó"] = "o", ["ô"] = "ɞ", ["ë"] = "ɜ", ["ò"] = "wɛ", ["ù"] = "wu", ["y"] = "Y", ["ą"] = "ɔ̃", } tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "zlw-slv" then override { -- vowels ["é"]="e", ["ó"]="o", ["ô"]="ɵ", ["ë"]="ə", ["ê"]="E", ["y"]="ɪ", ["ú"]="ʉ", ["ù"]="y", ["õ"]="ɔ̃", ["ā"]="aː", -- ãăĭŏŭ -- breves remain (FIXME: correct?) ["ń"] = "n", -- purely etymological } tsub(".", replacements) end if lang == "csb" or lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("ʂ", "ʃ") tsub("ʐ", "ʒ") end -- palatalization local palatalize_into = { ["n"] = "ɲ", ["s"] = "ɕ", ["z"] = "ʑ" } tsub("([nsz])([.ˈˌ]?)Ii", function (c, divider) return palatalize_into[c] .. divider .. "ji" end) tsub("([nsz])I", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] end) tsub("([nsz])i", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] .. "i" end) -- velar assimilation tsub("n([.ˈˌ]?[kɡx])", "ŋ%1") -- voicing and devoicing local devoice = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["ɡ"] = "k", ["z"] = "s", ["v"] = "f", ["ʑ"] = "ɕ", ["ʐ"] = "ʂ", ["ʒ"] = "ʃ", -- NOTE: was not here before but I think we need it for Polish; if we remove it, we have -- to add x manually to `T` below, the list of unvoiced obstruents ["ɣ"] = "x", ["R"] = "S", } local trilled_rz = lang == "csb" or lang == "zlw-slv" if not trilled_rz and lect then trilled_rz = lectdata.lects[lect].trilled_rz end if trilled_rz then devoice["R"] = nil end --if lang == "zlw-slv" then -- devoice["ɣ"] = "x" --end local voice = {} for k, v in pairs(devoice) do voice[v] = k end local function concat_keys(tbl, exclude) local keys = {} for k, _ in pairs(tbl) do if not exclude or not exclude[k] then table.insert(keys, k) end end return table.concat(keys) end -- Forward assimilation is only devoicing of <w> and <rz>. Backward assimilation both voices and devoices, -- but <w> and <rz> do not cause backward assimilation. (Since we do forward assimilation first, occurrences -- of <w> and <rz> following a voiceless obstruent should not occur in standard Polish when we do backward -- assimilation, but <rz> may occur in lects that have trilled <rz>.) Note that in the event of <w> and <rz> -- between a voiceless obstruent and a voiced one, forward assimilation will devoice them and then they will -- get voiced again by backward assimilation. local T_causes_forward_assim = concat_keys(voice) local T_causes_backward_assim = T_causes_forward_assim local T_gets_backward_assim = T_causes_forward_assim local D_causes_backward_assim = concat_keys(devoice, {v = true, R = true}) local D_gets_backward_assim = concat_keys(devoice) -- FIXME! The following operates only in Slovincian and I assume <w> and <rz> do not cause forward voicing -- assimilation. local D_causes_forward_assim = D_causes_backward_assim local transparent_liquid = "rlɫw" if trilled_rz then -- FIXME! I hope this is correct. transparent_liquid = transparent_liquid .. "R" end -- forward (progressive) assimilation of <w> and <rz>; proceeds left to right tsub_repeatedly(("([%s]ʲ?[.ˈˌ]?[%s]?ʲ?[.ˈˌ]?)([vR])"):format(T_causes_forward_assim, transparent_liquid), function(prev, cons) return prev .. (cons == "v" and "f" or "S") end ) -- forward (progressive) assimilation of [ɣ] and [x] in Slovincian; proceeds left to right if lang == "zlw-slv" then -- FIXME! Does this occur across an intervening liquid, as in Polish? tsub(("([%s][.ˈˌ]?)ɣ"):format(T_causes_forward_assim), "%1x") tsub(("([%s][.ˈˌ]?)x"):format(D_causes_forward_assim), "%1ɣ") end -- final devoicing if not data.is_prep then tsub(("([%s])(ʲ?)$"):format(D_gets_backward_assim), function (a, b) return devoice[a] .. b end) end -- Backward (regressive) assimilation. It both voices and devoices, and needs to proceed right to left -- in case of sequences of obstruents. The way to do that is to add a .* at the beginning of each pattern -- to replace so we do the rightmost cluster first, and then repeat till nothing changes. local prev_txt local devoice_string = ("^(.*)([%s])(ʲ?[._ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format( D_gets_backward_assim, T_causes_backward_assim) local voice_string = ("^(.*)([%s])(ʲ?[._ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format( T_gets_backward_assim, D_causes_backward_assim) local function devoice_func(prev, c1, c2) return prev .. devoice[c1] .. c2 end local function voice_func(prev, c1, c2) return prev .. voice[c1] .. c2 end while txt ~= prev_txt do prev_txt = txt tsub(devoice_string, devoice_func) tsub(voice_string, voice_func) end tsub("Y", "i") if lang == "csb" then tsub("([pbmfvkɡx])o", "%1wo") tsub("vw", "w") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("nj$", "n") tsub("nj([^" .. V .. "])", "n%1") tsub("ɲ([" .. V .. "])", "nj%1") tsub("ɛ$", "ə") end if trilled_rz then tsub("R", "r̝") end if lect ~= "mpl" then tsub("S", "ʂ") tsub("R", "ʐ") end if lang == "pl" then -- nasal vowels tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[pb])", "m%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[td]_[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[td])", "n%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[wl])", "%1") if data.match_pl_p_output then tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[kɡ])", "ŋ%1") tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N", "w̃") else tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[kɡxɣ])", "ŋ%1") -- For now, we have two outputs for final -ę for standard (nasal and non-nasal), but nasal-only -- for Middle Polish and non-nasal-only for all modern dialects. if not lect then tsub("ɛN$", "Ẽ") elseif lect ~= "mpl" then tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") end -- Turn this off for now; too simplistic. -- tsub("ɔN$", "Õ") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[ɕʑszʂʐ])", (lect and lectdata.lects[lect].decompose_nasal) and "n%1" or "Ñ%1") tsub("N", "w̃") end end -- Hyphen separator, e.g. to prevent palatalization of <kwazi->. tsub("-", "") tsub("_", OVERTIE) tsub("I", "j") tsub("U", "w") -- Handles stress. local function add_stress(first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset) local stressed_txt -- Return a regex that matches a syllable divider at the beginning of the appropriate syllable, where offset -- counts backwards from the penultimate (1 = antepenultimate, 2 = ante-antepenultimate, etc.). local function get_stress_regex(offset) local regex = "" for _ = 0, offset do regex = regex .. "[^.ˌ]+[.ˌ]" end return "([.ˌ])(" .. regex .. "[^.ˌ]+)$" end if first_penultimate_offset < 0 then -- Deals with initially stressed lects. stressed_txt = is_suffix and txt or "ˈ" .. txt else local stress_regex = get_stress_regex(first_penultimate_offset) stressed_txt = rsub(txt, stress_regex, function(syldiv, rest) if syldiv == "ˌ" then error("Attempt to assign primary stress to syllable already containing secondary stress: " .. txt) else return "ˈ" .. rest end end) -- If no stress mark could have been placed, it can only be initial, e.g. in monosyllables or a 3-syllable -- word when ante-antepenultimate stress is requested (e.g. [[szłybyśmy]]). Overly short suffixes (normally -- single-syllable, but also disyllabic if stress is antepenultimate, etc.) don't get stress; nor do words -- without vowels. if not stressed_txt:find("ˈ") and rfind(stressed_txt, ("[%s]"):format(V)) and (not is_suffix or rfind("[.ˌ]" .. stressed_txt, stress_regex)) then stressed_txt = "ˈ" .. stressed_txt end end if rfind(stressed_txt, "ˈˌ") then error("Attempt to assign primary stress to syllable already containing secondary stress: " .. txt) end if second_penultimate_offset then -- If the stress is farther back than penultimate and `second_penultimate_offset` is set, there is an -- additional variant with stress on the specified syllable (penultimate or sometimes antepenultimate, in -- the case of "ora" and "zag" lects with -śmy/-ście words not in -by-). We handle this by putting ALTSTRESS -- at both stress points and converting this later to two outputs with appropriate qualifiers. Note that -- this substitution may not succeed (e.g. if antepenultimate stress is called for but there are only two -- syllables); that is fine and just means we don't get two outputs in this case. stressed_txt = rsub(stressed_txt, "ˈ(.+)" .. get_stress_regex(second_penultimate_offset), ALTSTRESS .. "%1" .. ALTSTRESS .. "%3") end return stressed_txt end local should_stress = not (unstressed or txt:find("ˈ")) -- "Oscillating stress" lects have initial stress in some subvarieties; in others, normally penultimate, but -- antepenultimate or ante-antepenultimate in words with clitics (-by-, -śmy/-ście). (That is, they behave like -- standard Polish other than not having the colloquial penultimate stress with certain clitics.) local oscillating_stress = lang == "pl" and (lect == "ora" or lect == "zag" or lect == "buk") -- "Always initial stress" lects have initial stress in all subvarieties. local always_initial_stress = lect and lectdata.lects[lect].initial_stress local first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset if oscillating_stress or always_initial_stress then first_penultimate_offset = -1 -- initial stress else first_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset end if oscillating_stress then second_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset elseif always_initial_stress then second_penultimate_offset = nil else -- Standard Polish stress; if double_stress is set and the first (prescriptive) stress is antepenultimate or -- earlier, there's a second (colloquial) stress on the penultimate. second_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset > 0 and double_stress and 0 or nil end if should_stress then txt = add_stress(first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset) end -- This must follow stress assignment because it depends on whether the E is stressed. if lang == "zlw-slv" and tfind("E") then txt = txt:gsub("([ˈˌ][^" .. V .. "]*)E", "%1i̯ɛ") txt = txt:gsub("E$", "ə") txt = txt:gsub("E", "ɛ") end if data.is_prep then txt = txt .. "$" end return txt, hyph end -- Determine number of syllables of a pronunciation. For this to work, there must be either stress marks or syllable -- divisions at each syllable boundary. local function count_syllables(pron) -- Convert prosodic boundaries to regular spaces; ignore stress markers at the beginning -- of a word; and then count occurrences of spaces, syllable dividers and stress marks. return 1 + ulen(rsub(rsub(rsub(pron:gsub(" | ", " "), " [ˈˌ]", " "), "^[%[/]?[ˈˌ]", ""), "[^.ˈˌ ]", "")) end -- Returns rhyme from a transcription. local function do_rhyme(pron, lang) -- No rhymes for multiword terms. if pron:find(" ") then return nil end -- Combined list of single-Unicode-character vowels for all lects. FIXME: Consider using definition of V from above. -- DO NOT include multi-character sequences such as ɛ̃ ɔ̃ i̯ aː because that will mess everything up. The regex below -- looks for a sequence of non-vowels followed by a vowel and truncates the non-vowels. The above sequences have the -- vowel first, which means things will work out fine without the diacritics included among the vowel characters. local V = vowels return { rhyme = rsub(rsub(pron:gsub("^.*ˈ", ""), ("^[^%s]-([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1"), "[.ˌ]", ""), num_syl = { count_syllables(pron) }, } end --[[ Handles a single input, returning a table of transcriptions. Returns also a string of hyphenation and a table of rhymes if it is a single-word term. --]] local function multiword(term, lang, period, lect, match_pl_p_output, pagename) if term:find("^raw:%[.+%]$") then return {{ phonetic = term:gsub("^raw:", "") }} end local ipa, hyph term = rsub(term, "%s*,%s*", " | ") if term:find(" ") then -- TODO: repeated function lg(s) return s[lang] or s[1] end local prepositions = lg { { "beze?", "na", "dla", "do", "ku", "nade?", "o", "ode?", "po", "pode?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przy", "spode?", "u", "we?", "z[ae]?", "znade?", "zza", -- clitic conjunctions and adverbs "a", "i", "nie", -- clitic pronouns; less common variants with stress need an explicit stress mark (e.g. [[mi]] = variant -- of Greek letter [[my]] or the third note in a musical scale; [[go]] = the game of go; [[mu]] = the -- sound "moo" of a cow; note that [[ci]] is also a stressed pronoun, the nominative virile plural of -- [[ten]]) "mi", "ci", "cię", "go", "mu", "się", }, szl = { "bezy?", "na", "dlŏ", "d[oō]", "ku", "nady?", "ô", "ôdy?", "po", "pody?", "przedy?", "przezy?", "przi", "spody?", "u", "w[ey]?", "z[aey]?", "[śs]", "znady?" }, csb = { "beze?", "na", "dlô", "do", "kù", "nade?", "ò", "òde?", "pò", "pòde?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przë", "spòde?", "ù", "we?", "wew", "z[ae]?", "zez", "zeza", "zó", "znade?" }, ["zlw-slv"] = { "dlo", "dô", "na", "nade?", "przêde?", "przêze?", "przë", "pô", "pôde?", "sê?", "vô", "we?", "wôde?", "wù", "za" }, } local ipaparts, hyphparts = {}, {} local contains_preps = false local words = rsplit(term, " +") for i, word in ipairs(words) do if word == "|" then -- prosodic boundary, from a comma table.insert(ipaparts, word) if hyphparts[#hyphparts] then hyphparts[#hyphparts] = hyphparts[#hyphparts] .. "," else hyphparts[1] = "," end else local is_prep = false if word == "nie" and words[i + 1] == "ma" then is_prep = false elseif word == "ma" and words[i - 1] == "nie" then is_prep = true else for _, prep in ipairs(prepositions) do if (rfind(word, ("^%s$"):format(prep))) then is_prep = true break end end end contains_preps = contains_preps or is_prep local wordipa, wordhyph = single_word { txt = word, lang = lang, is_prep = is_prep, period = period, lect = lect, match_pl_p_output = match_pl_p_output, pagename = pagename, } table.insert(ipaparts, wordipa) table.insert(hyphparts, wordhyph) if i < #words then local separator = is_prep and "‿" or " " table.insert(ipaparts, separator) table.insert(hyphparts, separator) end end end ipa = table.concat(ipaparts) hyph = table.concat(hyphparts) local function assimilate_preps(str) local function assim(from, to, before) str = rsub(str, ("%s(%%$‿[ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format(from, before), to .. "%1") end local T = "fptsʂɕkx" assim("d", "t", T) assim("v", "f", T) assim("z", "s", T) if lang == "szl" then local D = "bdzʐʑɡ" assim("s", "z", D) assim("ɕ", "ʑ", D) end return rsub(str, "%$", "") end if contains_preps then ipa = assimilate_preps(ipa) -- Move stress before non-syllabic clitics attached with tie bar. FIXME: We should be using # or similar -- at string boundaries to avoid the need to substitute twice. local C = "[^" .. vowels .. "]" ipa = rsub(ipa, ("([‿ ])(%s+)‿([ˈˌ])"):format(C), "%1%3%2") ipa = rsub(ipa, ("^(%s+)‿([ˈˌ])"):format(C), "%2%1‿") end else ipa, hyph = single_word { txt = term, lang = lang, is_prep = false, period = period, lect = lect, match_pl_p_output = match_pl_p_output, pagename = pagename, } end local result = {{ pron = ipa, norhyme = false, }} -- Map over each element in `result`. If `from` is found in the element, replace the element with up to three -- elements, respectively replacing `from` with `to1` (with accent qualifiers `a1`), `to2` (with accent qualifiers -- `a2`) and `to3` (with accent qualifiers `a3`). If `to2` or `to3` are nil, no replacement is done for them. -- If `nr1` is true, this variant should not have rhymes generated; likewise for `nr2` and `nr3`. local function flatmap_and_sub_post(from, to1, a1, nr1, to2, a2, nr2, to3, a3, nr3) local any_change = false result = flatmap(result, function(item) if rfind(item.pron, from) then any_change = true local retval = { { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to1), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a1), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr1, } } if to2 then table.insert(retval, { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to2), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a2), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr2, } ) end if to3 then table.insert(retval, { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to3), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a3), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr3, } ) end return retval else return {item} end end) return any_change end -- Replace the first ALTSTRESS with a syllable divider but not at the beginning of a word. local function stress_second(before_first, before_second) if before_first == "" then return before_second .. "ˈ" else return before_first .. "." .. before_second .. "ˈ" end end if lang == "pl" and lect == "ekr" then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", "o", {"pre-21^st c."}, false, "u", {"21^st c."}, false) elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "mpl" then if period == "early" then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", "r̝", nil, false) elseif period == "late" then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", {R = "ʐ", S = "ʂ"}, nil, false) elseif not period then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", "r̝", {"16^th c."}, false, {R = "ʐ", S = "ʂ"}, {"17^th–18^th c."}, false) else error(("'%s' is not a supported Middle Polish period; try with 'early' or 'late'"):format(period)) end elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "ora" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, "%1ˈ%2.", {"Poland"}, false, stress_second, {"Slovakia"}, false) elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "zag" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, stress_second, {"north"}, false, "%1ˈ%2.", {"south"}, false) elseif lang == "pl" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, "%1ˈ%2.", {"prescriptive"}, false, stress_second, {"colloquial"}, false) elseif lang == "szl" then if lect then local diphthongal_o = lectdata.lects[lect].diphthongal_o or "ɔ" if type(diphthongal_o) == "string" then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", diphthongal_o) elseif type(diphthongal_o) == "table" and #diphthongal_o == 2 then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", diphthongal_o[1], nil, false, diphthongal_o[2], nil, false) else error("The provided diphthongal_o value for the lect " .. lect .. " is invalid.") end else flatmap_and_sub_post("O", "ɔ", {"non-Western"}, false, "ɔw", {"Western"}, false, "ɛw", {"Głogówek"}, false) end end -- Two outputs from nasal before sibilant, if not converted to one above. flatmap_and_sub_post("Ñ([.ˈˌ]?)([szɕʑʂʐ])", "w̃%1%2", nil, false, function(syldiv, sib) return ((sib == "ɕ" or sib == "ʑ") and "ɲ" or "n") .. syldiv .. sib end, nil, true) flatmap_and_sub_post("Ẽ", "ɛ", {"normal speech"}, true, "ɛw̃", {"careful speech"}, false) -- Turn this off for now; too simplistic. -- flatmap_and_sub_post("Õ", "ɔw̃", {"standard"}, false, "ɔm", {"regional", "or", "dialectal", "proscribed"}, true) while true do -- Make all primary stresses but the last one in a given word be secondary. -- FIXME: Remove this. if not flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)ˈ([^ ‿]-)ˈ", "%1ˌ%2ˈ") then break end track("two-primary-stresses-in-word") end return result, hyph end -- Given a single substitution spec, `to`, figure out the corresponding value of `from` used in a complete -- substitution spec. `pagename` is the name of the page, either the actual one or taken from the `pagename` param. -- `anchor_begin`, if set, indicates that the match must be to the beginning of a word (it was preceded by ~). -- `anchor_end`, if set, indicates that the match must be to the end of a word (it was followed by ~). If there is a -- second return value, it indicates that the `from` is a Lua pattern and doesn't need to be pattern-escaped. local function convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, anchor_begin, anchor_end) -- Replace specially-handled characters with a class matching the character and possible replacements. local escaped_from = to -- If the entire single substitution spec is one of the special stress-controlling symbols (&, &&, +, etc.), -- place it at the very beginning of the pagename. We do this by returning a Lua pattern that matches the -- beginning of the string, using the %f notation. (%f[^%z] means a transition from %z, or the NUL character, to -- not-%z; strings are treated for this purpose as if they begin and end with a NUL character.) if escaped_from:find("^[+*^&]+$") then return "%f[^%z]", true end escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[.'\"]", "") -- Call the equivalent of pattern_escape() in [[Module:string utilities]] but leave out +, *, ^ and -, which we match below. local chars = { ["\0"] = "%z", ["$"] = "%$", ["%"] = "%%", ["("] = "%(", [")"] = "%)", ["."] = "%.", ["?"] = "%?", ["["] = "%[", ["]"] = "%]", } escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[%z$%%().?[%]]", chars) -- A special stress-controlling symbol (&, &&, +, etc.) that occurs in a single substitution expression but -- is not the entire expression matches the beginning of a word. (Contrast the case above when the symbol stands -- alone and matches the beginning of the entire term.) This makes it possible e.g. with an expression like -- [[Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna]] to write the substitution spec [&R] and have it work; it matches -- R at the beginning of a word and converts it to &R, which makes [[Republika]] have optional antepenultimate -- stress. This must precede other replacements esp. k -> [kc]+, otherwise the + will wrongly get matched. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[&+*^]+", "%%f[%%a]") -- j can match against i in e.g. [[aikido]] respelled <ajkido> and [[apeiron]] respelled <apejron> escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("j", "[ji]") -- ń can match against n; in combination with the preceding, ńj can match against ni in e.g. [[Albania]] respelled -- <Albańja>. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ń", "[ńn]") -- k can match against c or cc in e.g. [[altocumulus]] respelled <altokumulus> or [[piccolo]] respelled <pikolo> escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("k", "[kc]+") -- A hyphen can match against a hyphen or nothing in the original. We have to take into account escaping the hyphen -- in the from side, adding a % sign in the replacement to escape the hyphen in the later rmatch, and escaping the -- percent sign in the replacement. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%-", "%%-?") -- A space can match against space or hyphen in the original, so e.g. [[agar-agar]] can use [ ] to respell it as -- <agar agar>. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub(" ", "[ -]") -- Middle Polish á can match against a, and similarly for é, ó, ḿ, ṕ, ẃ and b́. The latter is tricky because it's -- two characters in Unicode. (Even though ó exists in modern Polish, Middle Polish often has ó where the spelling -- has o, and sometimes vice-versa.) escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("á", "[aá]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("é", "[eé]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ó", "[oó]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ḿ", "[mḿ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ṕ", "[pṕ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ẃ", "[wẃ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("b́", "b́?") escaped_from = "(" .. escaped_from .. ")" if anchor_begin then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from end if anchor_end then escaped_from = escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end local match = rmatch(pagename, escaped_from) if match then if match == to then error(("Single substitution spec '%s' found in pagename '%s', replacement would have no effect"): format(to, pagename)) end return match end error(("Single substitution spec '%s' couldn't be matched to pagename '%s' (escaped_from: %s"):format( to, pagename, mw.dumpObject(escaped_from))) end local function apply_substitution_spec(respelling, pagename, parse_err) local subs = split_on_comma(rmatch(respelling, "^%[(.*)%]$")) respelling = pagename for _, sub in ipairs(subs) do if sub:find("%^") or sub:find("%$") then -- Changed to use ~ at beginning or end to avoid clashing with other use of ^; catch old uses track("old-anchor-symbols") end local from, escaped_from, to, escaped_to, anchor_begin, anchor_end if sub:find("^~") then -- anchor at beginning sub = rmatch(sub, "^~(.*)$") anchor_begin = true end local already_escaped if sub:find(":") then from, to = rmatch(sub, "^(.-):(.*)$") if from:find("~$") then -- anchor at end from = rmatch(from, "^(.*)~$") anchor_end = true end else if sub:find("~$") then -- anchor at end sub = rmatch(sub, "^(.*)~$") anchor_end = true end to = sub from, already_escaped = convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, anchor_begin, anchor_end) end if from then escaped_from = already_escaped and from or m_str_utils.pattern_escape(from) if anchor_begin then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from end if anchor_end then escaped_from = escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end escaped_to = m_str_utils.replacement_escape(to) local subbed_respelling, nsubs = rsubn(respelling, escaped_from, escaped_to) if nsubs == 0 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s didn't match processed pagename '%s'"):format( from, to, respelling)) elseif nsubs > 1 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s matched multiple substrings in processed pagename '%s', add " .. "more context"):format(from, to, respelling)) else respelling = subbed_respelling end end end return respelling end -- This handles all the magic characters <*>, <^>, <&>, <+>, <.>, <#>. local function normalise_input(term, pagename, paramname) local function check_af(str, af, reg, repl, err_msg) reg = reg:format(af) if not rfind(str, reg) then error(("The word %s does not %s with %s"):format(str, err_msg, af)) end return str:gsub(reg, repl) end local function check_pref(str, pref) return check_af(str, pref, "^(%s)", "%1.", "start") end local function check_suf(str, suf) return check_af(str, suf, "(%s)$", ".%1", "end") end if term:find("^%[.*%]$") then local function parse_err(msg) -- Don't call make_parse_err() until we actually need to throw an error, to avoid unnecessarily loading -- [[Module:parse utilities]]. require(parse_utilities_module).make_parse_err(paramname)(msg) end return apply_substitution_spec(term, pagename, parse_err) end if term == "#" then -- The pound sign stands simply for {{PAGENAME}}. return pagename elseif (term == "+") or term:find("^%^+$") or term:find("^&+$") or (term == "*") then -- Inputs that are just '+', '*', '^', '^^', '&', '&&', etc. are treated as -- if they contained the pagename with those symbols preceding it. return term .. pagename -- Handle syntax like <po.>, <.ka> and <po..ka>. This allows to not respell -- the entire word when all is needed is to specify syllabification of a prefix -- and/or a suffix. elseif term:find(".+%.$") then return check_pref(pagename, term:sub(1, -2)) elseif term:find("^%..+") then return check_suf(pagename, term:sub(2)) elseif term:find(".+%.%..+") then return check_suf(check_pref(pagename, term:gsub("%.%..+", "")), term:gsub(".+%.%.", "")) end return term end -- This converts the raw information, the arguments and pagename, into tables to be handed over to the IPA module. -- It is called externally by [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/testcases/driver]]. function export.get_lect_pron_info(terms, pagename, paramname, lang, lect, period, match_pl_p_output) if #terms == 1 and terms[1].respelling == "-" then return { pron_list = nil, rhyme_list = {}, hyph_list = {}, } end local pron_list = {} local rhyme_list = {} local hyph_list = {} local brackets = "/%s/" if lect then if lectdata.lects[lect].phonetic then brackets = "[%s]" end end -- Loops over the terms given as arguments. for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local respelling = term.respelling -- Handles magic symbols in the input. respelling = normalise_input(respelling, pagename, paramname) -- Obtains the transcription and hyphenation for the current index. local prons, hyph = multiword(respelling, lang, period, lect, match_pl_p_output, pagename) for i, pron in ipairs(prons) do if pron.phonetic then table.insert(pron_list, { pron = pron.phonetic, pron_with_syldivs = pron.phonetic, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = term.a, aa = term.aa, refs = i == 1 and term.refs or nil, }) else local bracketed_pron = brackets:format(pron.pron) table.insert(pron_list, { pron = bracketed_pron, pron_with_syldivs = bracketed_pron, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = combine_qualifiers(pron.a, term.a), aa = term.aa, refs = i == 1 and term.refs or nil, }) if not pron.norhyme then -- Make sure to pass a version of the pronunciation with syllable dividers. table.insert(rhyme_list, do_rhyme(pron.pron, lang)) end end end -- If a hyphenation value had been returned by multiword(), make sure it matches the pagename; otherwise -- don't add. FIXME: This should be smarter in the presence of hyphens in the lemma. if hyph and hyph:gsub("%.", ""):gsub("‿", " ") == pagename then m_table.insertIfNot(hyph_list, hyph) end end return { pron_list = pron_list, hyph_list = hyph_list, rhyme_list = rhyme_list, } end function export.get_lect_pron_info_bot(frame) local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, { [1] = {}, ["lang"] = { default = "pl" }, ["lect"] = {}, ["period"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only ["plp"] = { list = true }, ["match_pl_p_output"] = { type = "boolean" }, }) local termspec = iargs[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local retval = export.get_lect_pron_info( terms, iargs.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename, "[from bot]", iargs.lang, iargs.lect, iargs.period, iargs.match_pl_p_output ) if iargs.plp[1] then retval.plp_prons = {} for _, plp in ipairs(iargs.plp) do table.insert(retval.plp_prons, "/" .. require("Module:pl-IPA").convert_to_IPA(plp) .. "/") end end return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(retval) end function export.show(frame) local process = require("Module:parameters").process local lang = process(frame.args, { ["lang"] = { required = true, type = "language" } }).lang local langcode = lang:getCode() if langcode == "pl" or langcode == "szl" then lectdata = require("Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/" .. langcode) end local params = { [1] = {}, ["hyphs"] = true, ["h"] = { alias_of = "hyphs" }, ["rhymes"] = true, ["r"] = { alias_of = "rhymes" }, ["audios"] = true, ["a"] = { alias_of = "audios" }, ["homophones"] = true, ["hh"] = { alias_of = "homophones" }, ["pagename"] = true, -- for debugging or demonstration only ["indent"] = true, } if langcode == "pl" then params["mpl_period"] = true params["mp_period"] = { alias_of = "mpl_period" } end if langcode == "pl" or langcode == "szl" then for lect, _ in pairs(lectdata.lects) do params[lect] = true end if lectdata.lect_aliases then for alias, lect in pairs(lectdata.lect_aliases) do params[alias] = { alias_of = lect } end end end local args = process(frame:getParent().args, params) local termspec = args[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local indent = args.indent or "*" local pronobj = export.get_lect_pron_info(terms, pagename, 1, langcode) local hyph_list, rhyme_list = pronobj.hyph_list, pronobj.rhyme_list local hyph_automatic = true local do_hyph local lect_prons if langcode == "pl" or langcode == "szl" then for lect, _ in pairs(lectdata.lects) do if args[lect] then if lect_prons == nil then lect_prons = {} end lect_prons[lect] = export.get_lect_pron_info( parse_respellings_with_modifiers(args[lect], lect), pagename, lect, langcode, lect, args[lect .. "_period"] ).pron_list end end end if args.hyphs then hyph_automatic = false if args.hyphs == "-" then do_hyph = false else hyph_list = split_on_comma(args.hyphs) do_hyph = true end elseif terms[1].respelling == "-" then do_hyph = false else do_hyph = true end if args.rhymes then if args.rhymes == "-" then rhyme_list = {} elseif args.rhymes ~= "+" then rhyme_list = {} for _, rhyme in ipairs(split_on_comma(args.rhymes)) do if rfind(rhyme, ".+/.+") then table.insert(rhyme_list, { rhyme = rsub(rhyme, "/.+", ""), num_syl = { tonumber(rsub(rhyme, ".+/", "")) }, }) else error(("The manual rhyme %s did not specify syllable number as RHYME/NUM_SYL"):format(rhyme)) end end end end -- This deals with duplicate values in rhymes. if #rhyme_list > 0 then local temp_rhyme_list = {} local indices = {} for _, rhymeobj in ipairs(rhyme_list) do local index = indices[rhymeobj.rhyme] if index == nil then table.insert(temp_rhyme_list, rhymeobj) indices[rhymeobj.rhyme] = #temp_rhyme_list else local different_num_syl = true for _, ns in ipairs(temp_rhyme_list[index].num_syl) do if ns == rhymeobj.num_syl[1] then different_num_syl = false break end end if different_num_syl then table.insert(temp_rhyme_list[index].num_syl, rhymeobj.num_syl[1]) end end end rhyme_list = temp_rhyme_list end local m_IPA_format = require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full local parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(parts, text) end local do_collapse = false local maxlen = 0 if pronobj.pron_list then if lect_prons then do_collapse = true ins('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: {width}em; max-width:100%;"><span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;">&nbsp;</span>\n') end local formatted = m_IPA_format(lang, pronobj.pron_list) ins(indent .. formatted) maxlen = textual_len(formatted) end local em_length if lect_prons then if do_collapse then ins('\n<div class="vsHide">\n') end local m_labels = require("Module:labels") -- Equivalent to require("Module:accent qualifier").format_qualifiers, but with categorisation. local format_qualifiers = function(qualifiers, nocat) return m_labels.show_labels { lang = lang, labels = qualifiers, mode = "accent", nocat = nocat, } end -- First groups the lects into their lect groups. local grouped_lects = {} for lect, lect_prons in pairs(lect_prons) do local lect_group = lectdata.lects[lect].group if grouped_lects[lect_group] == nil then grouped_lects[lect_group] = {} end table.insert(grouped_lects[lect_group], { code = lect, prons = lect_prons }) end -- And then displays each group in order. local function display_lect(value, indentation) local formatted = ("%s%s %s"):format(indentation, format_qualifiers { lectdata.lects[value.code].name }, m_IPA_format { lang = lang, items = value.prons } ) maxlen = math.max(maxlen, textual_len(formatted)) ins("\n" .. formatted) end for group_index = 1, #lectdata.lect_groups do local lects = grouped_lects[group_index] local group = lectdata.lect_groups[group_index] if lects ~= nil then if group.single_lect then display_lect(lects[1], indent) else -- Checks to indent Goral under Lesser Polish. local additional_indent = "" if group.indent_with_prec then additional_indent = "*" if grouped_lects[group_index - 1] == nil then ins("\n*" .. format_qualifiers({ lectdata.lect_groups[group_index - 1].name }, true) .. ":") end end -- Lect group header. ins("\n*" .. additional_indent .. format_qualifiers({ group.name }, true) .. ":") -- The lects are sorted according to their <index> value. table.sort(lects, function (a, b) return lectdata.lects[a.code].index < lectdata.lects[b.code].index end) for _, lect in ipairs(lects) do display_lect(lect, "**" .. additional_indent) end end end end if do_collapse then ins('\n</div></div>\n') end em_length = math.floor(maxlen * 0.68) end if args.audios then local format_audio = require("Module:audio").format_audio local audio_objs = parse_audio(lang, args.audios, pagename, "audios") local num_audios = #audio_objs for i, audio_obj in ipairs(audio_objs) do if num_audios > 1 and not audio_obj.caption then audio_obj.caption = "Audio " .. i end ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. format_audio(audio_obj)) end end if #rhyme_list > 0 then ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. require("Module:rhymes").format_rhymes { lang = lang, rhymes = rhyme_list }) end if do_hyph then ins("\n" .. indent .. " ") if #hyph_list > 0 then local hyphs = {} local seen_num_pron_syls if pronobj.pron_list then -- Compute the number of syllables for each pronunciation, for use below. seen_num_pron_syls = {} for _, pronobj in ipairs(pronobj.pron_list) do local pron = pronobj.pron_with_syldivs local num_pron_syls = count_syllables(pron) m_table.insertIfNot(seen_num_pron_syls, {pron = pron, nsyl = num_pron_syls}) end end for i, hyph in ipairs(hyph_list) do hyphs[i] = { hyph = {} } for syl in hyph:gmatch("[^.]+") do table.insert(hyphs[i].hyph, syl) end if pronobj.pron_list then -- Match each syllabification against the syllable counts of all pronunciations, since we don't have -- any alignment between the two. Only complain if the syllable count of the syllabification doesn't -- match the syllable count of any pronunciation. local num_hyph_syls = 1 + #(hyph:gsub("[^. ]", "")) local matched = false for _, num_pron_syls in ipairs(seen_num_pron_syls) do if num_pron_syls.nsyl == num_hyph_syls then matched = true break end end if not matched then local prons_and_sylcounts = {} for _, num_pron_syls in ipairs(seen_num_pron_syls) do table.insert(prons_and_sylcounts, ("%s:%s"):format(num_pron_syls.pron, num_pron_syls.nsyl)) end mw.log(("Syllable count %s for syllabification '%s' doesn't match pronunciation syllable count(s) %s for '%s'"):format( num_hyph_syls, hyph, table.concat(prons_and_sylcounts, ","), pagename)) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "" then ins(("[[Category:%s entries with Template:%s-pr with %s syllabification syllable count mismatch]]"):format( lang:getFullName(), langcode, hyph_automatic and "automatic" or "manual")) end end end end ins(require("Module:hyphenation").format_hyphenations { lang = lang, hyphs = hyphs, caption = "分綴" }) else ins("分綴: <small>[please specify syllabification manually]</small>") if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "" then ins(("[[Category:%s entries with Template:%s-pr without syllabification]]"):format( lang:getFullName(), langcode)) end end end if args.homophones then local homophone_list = parse_homophones(args.homophones, "homophones") ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. require("Module:homophones").format_homophones { lang = lang, homophones = homophone_list, }) end local ret = table.concat(parts) if em_length then ret = m_str_utils.gsub(ret, "{width}", em_length) end return ret end return export kq7e8hd4585g5i7x71xhebq0tt0343z 2328209 2328207 2026-08-16T22:05:47Z Kuroco2k 84207 古いのに更新しながら内容だけアップデート 2328209 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local audio_module = "Module:audio" local links_module = "Module:links" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local u = m_str_utils.char local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rmatch = m_str_utils.match local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local usub = mw.ustring.sub local OVERTIE = u(0x361) -- COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE local vowels = "aãăɒeɛɜɘiĭɨɪoõŏɔɞɵuŭʉy" -- In cases where there are two possible stresses (e.g. in words ending in -ika/-yka), we put ALTSTRESS where both -- stresses can go, and handle this later in multiword(). local ALTSTRESS = u(0xFFF0) -- Lect data later retrieved in the module. local lectdata -- FIXME: Implement optional assimilation across word boundaries. local assimilate_across_word_boundaries = false local function track(page) require("Module:debug/track")("zlw-lch-IPA/" .. page) return true end -- Version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value. local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar) while true do local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar) if new_term == term then return term end term = new_term end end -- Flat-map a function `fun` over `items`. This is like `map` over a sequence followed by `flatten`, i.e. the function -- must itself return a sequence and all of the returned sequences are flattened into a single sequence. local function flatmap(items, fun) local new = {} for _, item in ipairs(items) do local results = fun(item) for _, result in ipairs(results) do m_table.insertIfNot(new, result) end end return new end -- Combine two sets of qualifiers, either of which may be nil or a list of qualifiers. Remove duplicate qualifiers. -- Return value is nil or a list of qualifiers. local function combine_qualifiers(qual1, qual2) if not qual1 then return qual2 end if not qual2 then return qual1 end local qualifiers = m_table.deepcopy(qual1) for _, qual in ipairs(qual2) do m_table.insertIfNot(qualifiers, qual) end return qualifiers end local function split_on_comma(term) if not term then return nil end if term:find(",%s") or term:find("\\") then return require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(term) else return rsplit(term, ",") end end -- Remove any HTML from the formatted text and resolve links, since the extra characters don't contribute to the -- displayed length. local function convert_to_raw_text(text) text = rsub(text, "<.->", "") if text:find("%[%[") then text = require(links_module).remove_links(text) end return text end -- Return the approximate displayed length in characters. local function textual_len(text) return ulen(convert_to_raw_text(text)) end local function parse_respellings_with_modifiers(respelling, paramname) local function generate_obj(respelling, parse_err) return {respelling = respelling} end if respelling:find("[<%[]") then local put = require(parse_utilities_module) -- Parse balanced segment runs involving either [...] (substitution notation) or <...> (inline modifiers). -- We do this because we don't want commas inside of square or angle brackets to count as respelling -- delimiters. However, we need to rejoin square-bracketed segments with nearby ones after splitting -- alternating runs on comma. For example, if we are given -- "a[x]a<q:learned>,[vol:vôl,ks]<q:nonstandard>", after calling -- parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run() we get the following output: -- -- {"a", "[x]", "a", "<q:learned>", ",", "[vol:vôl,ks]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""} -- -- After calling split_alternating_runs(), we get the following: -- -- {{"a", "[x]", "a", "<q:learned>", ""}, {"", "[vol:vôl,ks]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""}} -- -- We need to rejoin stuff on either side of the square-bracketed portions. local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(respelling, {{"<", ">"}, {"[", "]"}}) local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments) -- Process each value. local retval = {} for i, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do -- Rejoin runs that don't involve <...>. local j = 2 while j <= #group do if not group[j]:find("^<.*>$") then group[j - 1] = group[j - 1] .. group[j] .. group[j + 1] table.remove(group, j) table.remove(group, j) else j = j + 2 end end local param_mods = { q = {type = "qualifier"}, qq = {type = "qualifier"}, a = {type = "labels"}, aa = {type = "labels"}, ref = {item_dest = "refs", type = "references"}, } table.insert(retval, put.parse_inline_modifiers_from_segments { group = group, arg = respelling, props = { paramname = paramname, param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, }, }) end return retval else local retval = {} for _, item in ipairs(split_on_comma(respelling)) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(item)) end return retval end end -- Parse a pronunciation modifier in `arg`, the argument portion in an inline modifier (after the prefix), which -- specifies a pronunciation property such as rhyme, hyphenation/syllabification, homophones or audio. The argument -- can itself have inline modifiers, e.g. <audio:Foo.ogg<a:Masovia>>. The allowed inline modifiers are specified -- by `param_mods` (of the format expected by `parse_inline_modifiers()`); in addition to any modifiers specified -- there, the modifiers <q:...>, <qq:...>, <a:...>, <aa:...> and <ref:...> are always accepted. `generate_obj` and -- `parse_err` are like in `parse_inline_modifiers()` and specify respectively a function to generate the object into -- which modifier properties are stored given the non-modifier part of the argument, and a function to generate an error -- message (given the message). Normally, a comma-separated list of pronunciation properties is accepted and parsed, -- where each element in the list can have its own inline modifiers and where no spaces are allowed next to the commas -- in order for them to be recognized as separators. This can be overridden with `splitchar` (which can actually be a -- Lua pattern). The return value is a list of property objects. local function parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods, splitchar) splitchar = splitchar or "," if arg:find("<") then param_mods.q = {type = "qualifier"} param_mods.qq = {type = "qualifier"} param_mods.a = {type = "labels"} param_mods.aa = {type = "labels"} param_mods.ref = {item_dest = "refs", type = "references"} return require(parse_utilities_module).parse_inline_modifiers(arg, { param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, paramname = paramname, splitchar = splitchar, }) else local retval = {} local split_arg = splitchar == "," and split_on_comma(arg) or rsplit(arg, splitchar) for _, term in ipairs(split_arg) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(term)) end return retval end end local function parse_audio(lang, arg, pagename, paramname) local param_mods = { IPA = { sublist = true, }, text = {}, t = { item_dest = "gloss", }, -- No tr=, ts=, or sc=; doesn't make sense for Polish. gloss = {}, pos = {}, -- No alt=; text= already goes in alt=. lit = {}, -- No id=; text= already goes in alt= and isn't normally linked. g = { item_dest = "genders", sublist = true, }, bad = {}, cap = { item_dest = "caption", }, } local function process_special_chars(val) if not val then return val end return (val:gsub("[#~]", { ["#"] = pagename, ["~"] = pagename .. " się", })) end local function generate_audio_obj(arg) return {file = process_special_chars(arg)} end -- Split on semicolon instead of comma because some filenames have embedded commas not followed by a space -- (typically followed by an underscore). local retvals = parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_audio_obj, param_mods, "%s*;%s*") for i, retval in ipairs(retvals) do retval.lang = lang retval.text = process_special_chars(retval.text) retval.caption = process_special_chars(retval.caption) local textobj = require(audio_module).construct_audio_textobj(retval) retval.text = textobj -- Set to nil the fields that were moved into `retval.text`. retval.gloss = nil retval.pos = nil retval.lit = nil retval.genders = nil end return retvals end local function parse_homophones(arg, paramname) local function generate_obj(term) return {term = term} end local param_mods = { t = { -- [[Module:links]] expects the gloss in "gloss". item_dest = "gloss", }, gloss = {}, -- No tr=, ts=, or sc=; doesn't make sense for Polish. pos = {}, alt = {}, lit = {}, id = {}, g = { -- [[Module:links]] expects the genders in "genders". item_dest = "genders", sublist = true, }, } return parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods) end --[=[ Given a single word in `txt`, compute its "lightly phonetic" IPA representation. If there are multiple possible outputs (e.g. because of -yka/-ika words or words with clitics such as -by- or -śmy/-ście), we signal this through special symbols such as ALTSTRESS or capital letters (on input, capital letters have been lowercased so we can use capital letters as special symbols). The actual generation of multiple outputs happens in multiword() after the full term's IPA has been generated. Return two values: the IPA representation and the hyphenation. ]=] local function single_word(data) local txt, lang, lect = data.txt, data.lang, data.lect -- This is the number of syllables before the penultimate syllable onto which to add the stress. local penultimate_offset = 0 local is_prefix = not not txt:find("%-$") local is_suffix = not not txt:find("^%-") local unstressed = data.is_prep or is_prefix -- If penultimate_offset > 0, add a second stress onto the penult. local double_stress = false function tsub(s, r) local c txt, c = rsubn(txt, s, r) return c > 0 end function tsub_repeatedly(s, r) txt = rsub_repeatedly(txt, s, r) end function lg(s) return s[lang] or s[1] end function tfind(s) return rfind(txt, s) end if tfind("[Åå]") then error("Please replace å with á") end -- Save indices of uppercase characters before setting everything lowercase. local uppercase_indices uppercase_indices = {} local capitals = ("[A-Z%s]"):format(lg { pl = "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ" --[[and the dialectal]] .. "ÁÉÔÛÝ" --[[and the MPl]] .. "ḾṔẂ", szl = "ÃĆŁŃŌŎÔÕŚŹŻ", csb = "ÔÒÃËÙÉÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ", ["zlw-slv"] = "ÃÉËÊÓÕÔÚÙŃŻ", }) if tfind(capitals) then local i = 1 local str = rsub(txt, "[.\"'^*+&]", "") while rfind(str, capitals, i) do local r, _ = rfind(str, capitals, i) table.insert(uppercase_indices, r) i = r + 1 end end if #uppercase_indices == 0 then uppercase_indices = nil end txt = ulower(txt) -- Replace digraphs with single capital letters to simplify the code below. tsub("[crsd][hzżź]", { cz = "C", rz = "R", sz = "S", dz = "D", ch = "H", ["dż"] = "Ż", ["dź"] = "Ź", }) if lect == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "B") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("gh", "G") tsub("y̆", "Y") end local function undo_digraph_replacement(txt) return rsub(txt, "[CRSDHŻŹBG]", { C = "cz", R = "rz", S = "sz", D = "dz", H = "ch", ["Ż"] = "dż", ["Ź"] = "dź", B = "b́", G = "gh", Y = "y̆", }) end -- Vowels, both spelled and IPA vowels. To make the distinction easier, we separate the IPA-only vowels and -- concatenate them at the end. For Polish, we additionally separate the spelled Middle Polish vowels. local V_no_IU = lg { pl = "aąeęioóuy" .. "áéôûý" .. "ɛɔɘ", szl = "aãeéioōŏôõuy" .. "ɛɔɪ", csb = "aãąeéëioôòóuùy" .. "ɛɜɔõɞ", -- NOTE: DO NOT include ɔ̃ here because it's not a single Unicode character. ["zlw-slv"] = "aãāăeéëêEiĭoóõôŏuúùŭŭùyY" .. "ɛɪɔɵʉə", } local V = V_no_IU .. "IU" local C = ("[^%sU.'\"]"):format(V_no_IU) if txt:find("^%*") then -- The symbol <*> before a word indicates it is unstressed. unstressed = true txt = txt:sub(2) elseif txt:find("^%^+") then -- The symbol <^> before a word indicates it is stressed on the antepenult, -- <^^> on the ante-antepenult, etc. penultimate_offset = txt:match("^(%^+)"):len() txt = txt:sub(penultimate_offset + 1) elseif txt:find("^&+") then -- The symbol <&> before a word indicates it has double stress on both the antepenult (prescriptive) and on -- the penult (colloquial); <&&> is similar but for ante-antepenult and penult, etc. penultimate_offset = txt:match("^(&+)"):len() txt = txt:sub(penultimate_offset + 1) double_stress = true elseif txt:find("^%+") then -- The symbol <+> indicates the word is stressed regularly on the penult. This is useful -- for avoiding the following checks to come into place. txt = txt:sub(2) else if tfind(".+[łlb][iy]") then -- this first check is an optimization only -- Some words endings trigger stress on the antepenult or ante-antepenult regularly. if tfind("łybyśmy$") or tfind("libyśmy$") or tfind("łybyście$") or tfind("libyście$") then penultimate_offset = 2 elseif tfind("ł[aoy]?by[mś]?$") or tfind("liby[mś]?$") then penultimate_offset = 1 elseif tfind("łyśmy$") or tfind("liśmy$") or tfind("łyście$") or tfind("liście$") then penultimate_offset = 1 double_stress = true end end -- FIXME, is the following correct? if lect == "mpl" then if tfind(".+[yi]j.+") then local endings = { "[ąáéo]", "[ée]j", "[áo]m", "ach" } for _, v in ipairs(endings) do if tfind(("[yi]j%s$"):format(v)) then penultimate_offset = 1 -- FIXME: correct? -- double_stress = true end end end end end -- TODO: mpl, csb, szl, zlw-slv -- Syllabify common prefixes as separate; note that since we replaced digraphs above with single -- chars, we need to use the replacement chars here. Longer prefixes must precede shorter subprefixes, -- e.g. niedo- must precede nie- for the former to be recognized. local prefixes = { 'a"?ero', '"?anty', '"?arcy', "bez", "Ctero", "ćwierć", "dwu", "mało", "niby", "niedo", "nie", "[pt]Ry", "pRed?", "roze?", "wielo", "współ", "wy", -- <do-, na-, po-, o-, u-> would hit too many false positives } for _, prefix in ipairs(prefixes) do if tfind("^" .. prefix) then -- Make sure the suffix is followed by zero or more consonants (including - but not -- including a syllable divider) followed by a vowel. We do this so that we don't put -- a syllable divider when the user specified the divider in a different place. tsub(("^(%s)(%s*[%s])"):format(prefix, C, V), "%1.%2") break end end -- syllabify common suffixes as separate local suffixes = lg { pl = { "nąć", "[sc]tw[aou]", "[sc]twie", "[sc]tw[eo]m", "[sc]twami", "[sc]twach", "dztw[aou]", "dztwie", "dztw[eo]m", "dztwami", "dztwach", "dł[aou]", "dł[eo]m", "dłami", "dłach", "[czs]j[aeięąo]", "[czs]jom", "[czs]jami", "[czs]jach", }, szl = { "nōńć", "dło", }, csb = { "nąc", "dło" }, ["zlw-slv"] = { "nõc", "dlô" }, } for _, v in ipairs(suffixes) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s]%s*)(%s)$"):format(V, C, v), "%1.%2") then break end end -- Syllabify <-Ctka> as /Ct.ka/, e.g. in [[-istka]], [[haftka]], [[adiunktka]], [[abiturientka]], [[ćwiartka]], -- [[adeptka]], etc. Same for any case form. local C_before_t = "łrnfskp" if tfind(("[%s][%s]+t[kc]"):format(V, C_before_t)) then local endings = lg { -- As with prefixes above, must use digraph replacement codes. { "k[aąęio]", "ce", "kaH", "kom", "kami" }, szl = { "k[aãio]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacaH", "kōma" }, csb = { "k[aãąioôòùó]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacaH", }, } for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s][%s]+t)(%s)$"):format(V, C_before_t, ending), "%1.%2") then break end end end if lang == "pl" then -- FIXME: Add support for other languages and lects. -- Syllabify <-Ctny> as /Ct.ny/, and <-Ctnik> as <Ct.nik>; same for any case form. if tfind(("[%s][%s]+tn"):format(V, C_before_t)) then local endings = lg { -- As with prefixes above, must use digraph replacement codes. -- -ny { "n[yaeią]", "nego", "nej", "nyH", "nemu", "nymi?", -- -nik, -nica "nik[aui]?", "nikowi", "nikiem", "ników", "ni[kc]om", "ni[kc]ami", "ni[kc]aH", "nic[ayeęąo]?", } } for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s][%s]+t)(%s)$"):format(V, C_before_t, ending), "%1.%2") then break end end end end -- falling diphthongs <au> and <eu>, and diacriticised variants tsub(lg { "([aeáé])u", csb = "([ae])ù" }, "%1U") -- rising diphthongs with <iV> tsub(("([^%s])" .. (lang == "zlw-slv" and "j" or "i") .. "([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1I%2") -- Prevent palatalization of the special case kwazi-. tsub("^kwazi", "kwaz-i") -- Syllabify by adding a period (.) between syllables. There may already be user-supplied syllable divisions -- (period or single quote), which we need to respect. This works by replacing each sequence of VC*V with -- V.V, V.CV, V.TRV (where T is an obstruent and R is a liquid) or otherwise VTR.C+V or VC.C+V, i.e. if there are -- multiple consonants, place the syllable boundary after the first TR sequence or otherwise the first consonant. -- We need to repeat since each VC*V sequence overlaps the next one. Digraphs have already been replaced by single -- capital letters. -- -- FIXME: I don't believe it's necessarily correct in a sequence of obstruents to place the boundary after the -- first one. I think we should respect the possible onsets. tsub(("qu([%s])"):format(V), "Q%1") -- replace qu before vowel with Q for easier syllabifying -- List of obstruents and liquids, including capital letters representing digraphs. We count rz as a liquid even -- in Polish. local obstruent = "bBcćCdDfgGhHkpṕQqsSśtxzźżŹŻ" local liquid_no_w = "IjlrR" local liquid = liquid_no_w .. "łwẃ" -- We need to treat I (<i> in hiatus) as a consonant, and since we check for two vowels in a row, we don't want -- U to be one of the second vowels. tsub_repeatedly(("([%sU])(%s*)([%s])"):format(V_no_IU, C, V_no_IU), function(v1, cons, v2) local cons_no_hyphen = cons:gsub("%-", "") -- If there's only one consonant, or just an obstruent-liquid sequence, or any single consonant followed by -- written i in hiatus, put the syllable break before the consonant(s); but don't do this for -ńj-, or -ńi- -- in hiatus, or in the sequence -nii- (which later gets handled specially and converted to -ńji-). if (ulen(cons_no_hyphen) < 2 or rfind(cons_no_hyphen, ("^[%s][%s]I?$"):format(obstruent, liquid)) or rfind(cons_no_hyphen, ("^%sI$"):format(C))) and not rfind(cons_no_hyphen, "^ń[Ij]$") and not (cons_no_hyphen == "nI" and v2 == "i") then cons = "." .. cons else local nsubs -- Don't syllabify [[niósłby]] as niósł.by or [[jabłczan]] as jabłczan. -- FIXME: Not sure if this is quite right. cons, nsubs = rsubn(cons, ("^(%%-?[%s]%%-?[%s])"):format(obstruent, liquid_no_w), "%1.") if nsubs == 0 then cons = rsub(cons, "^(%-?.)", "%1.") end end return ("%s%s%s"):format(v1, cons, v2) end) tsub("Q", "qu") -- undo qu -> Q replacement -- Ignore certain symbols and diacritics for the hyphenation. local hyph = txt:gsub("['\"]", "."):gsub("^%.", ""):gsub("-", ""):gsub(",", "") if lang == "zlw-slv" then hyph = rsubn(hyph, "[IăĭŏŭYā]", { ["I"] = "j", ["ă"] = "a", ["ĭ"] = "i", ["ŏ"] = "o", ["ŭ"] = "u", ["Y"] = "y", ["ā"] = "a", }) end hyph = undo_digraph_replacement(hyph) hyph = hyph:lower() -- Restore uppercase characters. if uppercase_indices then -- str_i loops through all the characters of the string -- list_i loops as above but doesn't count dots -- array_i loops through the indices at which the capital letters are local str_i, list_i, array_i = 1, 1, 1 function h_sub(x, y) return usub(hyph, x, y) end while array_i <= #uppercase_indices do if h_sub(str_i, str_i) ~= "." then if list_i == uppercase_indices[array_i] then hyph = ("%s%s%s"):format(h_sub(1,str_i-1), uupper(h_sub(str_i,str_i)), h_sub(str_i+1)) array_i = array_i + 1 end list_i = list_i + 1 end str_i = str_i + 1 end end tsub("'", "ˈ") tsub('"', "ˌ") txt = undo_digraph_replacement(txt) -- handle <x>; must precede ch -> [x]; use - to prevent palatalization by following i tsub("x", "ks-") -- move syllable boundary between [ks] if preceded by a vowel tsub(("([%s])([.ˈˌ])ks"):format(V), "%1k%2s") -- handle digraphs tsub("ch", "x") tsub("[cs]z", { ["cz"]="t_ʂ", ["sz"]="ʂ" }) tsub("rz", "R") tsub("d([zżź])", "d_%1") tsub("qu", "kw") if lect == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "bʲ") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("gh", "ɣ") end -- basic orthographical rules -- replacements that are the same (almost) everywhere; can be overridden local replacements = { -- vowels ["e"] = "ɛ", ["o"] = "ɔ", -- consonants ["c"] = "t_s", ["ć"] = "t_ɕ", ["ń"] = "ɲ", ["ś"] = "ɕ", ["ź"] = "ʑ", ["ł"] = "w", ["w"] = "v", ["ż"] = "ʐ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["h"] = "x", } local function override(tbl) for k, v in pairs(tbl) do replacements[k] = v end end -- not using lg() here for speed if lang == "pl" then override { -- vowels ["ą"] = "ɔN", ["ę"] = "ɛN", ["ó"] = "u", ["y"] = "ɘ", } if lect then override { ["é"] = "e", ["á"] = "ɒ", } if lect == "mpl" then override { ["ę"] = "ɛ̃", ["ą"] = "ɔ̃", ["y"] = "ɨ", ["ó"] = "o", ["ł"] = "ɫ", ["ṕ"] = "pʲ", ["ḿ"] = "mʲ", ["ẃ"] = "vʲ", } -- <b́> has no unicode character and hence is handled above else override { ["ô"] = "wɔ", ["û"] = "wu", ["ý"] = "Y", } if lectdata.lects[lect].mid_o then replacements["ó"] = "o" elseif lect == "ekr" then replacements["ó"] = "O" end if lectdata.lects[lect].front_y then replacements["y"] = "Y" end if lectdata.lects[lect].dark_l then replacements["ł"] = "ɫ" replacements["l"] = "lʲ" end if lectdata.lects[lect].glottal_h then replacements["h"] = "h" end end end tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "szl" then override { -- vowels ["ō"] = "o", ["ŏ"] = "O", ["ô"] = "wɔ", ["õ"] = "ɔ̃", ["y"] = "ɪ", } tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "csb" then override { -- vowels ["é"] = "e", ["ó"] = "o", ["ô"] = "ɞ", ["ë"] = "ɜ", ["ò"] = "wɛ", ["ù"] = "wu", ["y"] = "Y", ["ą"] = "ɔ̃", } tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "zlw-slv" then override { -- vowels ["é"]="e", ["ó"]="o", ["ô"]="ɵ", ["ë"]="ə", ["ê"]="E", ["y"]="ɪ", ["ú"]="ʉ", ["ù"]="y", ["õ"]="ɔ̃", ["ā"]="aː", -- ãăĭŏŭ -- breves remain (FIXME: correct?) ["ń"] = "n", -- purely etymological } tsub(".", replacements) end if lang == "csb" or lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("ʂ", "ʃ") tsub("ʐ", "ʒ") end -- palatalization local palatalize_into = { ["n"] = "ɲ", ["s"] = "ɕ", ["z"] = "ʑ" } tsub("([nsz])([.ˈˌ]?)Ii", function (c, divider) return palatalize_into[c] .. divider .. "ji" end) tsub("([nsz])I", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] end) tsub("([nsz])i", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] .. "i" end) -- velar assimilation tsub("n([.ˈˌ]?[kɡx])", "ŋ%1") -- voicing and devoicing local devoice = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["ɡ"] = "k", ["z"] = "s", ["v"] = "f", ["ʑ"] = "ɕ", ["ʐ"] = "ʂ", ["ʒ"] = "ʃ", -- NOTE: was not here before but I think we need it for Polish; if we remove it, we have -- to add x manually to `T` below, the list of unvoiced obstruents ["ɣ"] = "x", ["R"] = "S", } local trilled_rz = lang == "csb" or lang == "zlw-slv" if not trilled_rz and lect then trilled_rz = lectdata.lects[lect].trilled_rz end if trilled_rz then devoice["R"] = nil end --if lang == "zlw-slv" then -- devoice["ɣ"] = "x" --end local voice = {} for k, v in pairs(devoice) do voice[v] = k end local function concat_keys(tbl, exclude) local keys = {} for k, _ in pairs(tbl) do if not exclude or not exclude[k] then table.insert(keys, k) end end return table.concat(keys) end -- Forward assimilation is only devoicing of <w> and <rz>. Backward assimilation both voices and devoices, -- but <w> and <rz> do not cause backward assimilation. (Since we do forward assimilation first, occurrences -- of <w> and <rz> following a voiceless obstruent should not occur in standard Polish when we do backward -- assimilation, but <rz> may occur in lects that have trilled <rz>.) Note that in the event of <w> and <rz> -- between a voiceless obstruent and a voiced one, forward assimilation will devoice them and then they will -- get voiced again by backward assimilation. local T_causes_forward_assim = concat_keys(voice) local T_causes_backward_assim = T_causes_forward_assim local T_gets_backward_assim = T_causes_forward_assim local D_causes_backward_assim = concat_keys(devoice, {v = true, R = true}) local D_gets_backward_assim = concat_keys(devoice) -- FIXME! The following operates only in Slovincian and I assume <w> and <rz> do not cause forward voicing -- assimilation. local D_causes_forward_assim = D_causes_backward_assim local transparent_liquid = "rlɫw" if trilled_rz then -- FIXME! I hope this is correct. transparent_liquid = transparent_liquid .. "R" end -- forward (progressive) assimilation of <w> and <rz>; proceeds left to right tsub_repeatedly(("([%s]ʲ?[.ˈˌ]?[%s]?ʲ?[.ˈˌ]?)([vR])"):format(T_causes_forward_assim, transparent_liquid), function(prev, cons) return prev .. (cons == "v" and "f" or "S") end ) -- forward (progressive) assimilation of [ɣ] and [x] in Slovincian; proceeds left to right if lang == "zlw-slv" then -- FIXME! Does this occur across an intervening liquid, as in Polish? tsub(("([%s][.ˈˌ]?)ɣ"):format(T_causes_forward_assim), "%1x") tsub(("([%s][.ˈˌ]?)x"):format(D_causes_forward_assim), "%1ɣ") end -- final devoicing if not data.is_prep then tsub(("([%s])(ʲ?)$"):format(D_gets_backward_assim), function (a, b) return devoice[a] .. b end) end -- Backward (regressive) assimilation. It both voices and devoices, and needs to proceed right to left -- in case of sequences of obstruents. The way to do that is to add a .* at the beginning of each pattern -- to replace so we do the rightmost cluster first, and then repeat till nothing changes. local prev_txt local devoice_string = ("^(.*)([%s])(ʲ?[._ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format( D_gets_backward_assim, T_causes_backward_assim) local voice_string = ("^(.*)([%s])(ʲ?[._ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format( T_gets_backward_assim, D_causes_backward_assim) local function devoice_func(prev, c1, c2) return prev .. devoice[c1] .. c2 end local function voice_func(prev, c1, c2) return prev .. voice[c1] .. c2 end while txt ~= prev_txt do prev_txt = txt tsub(devoice_string, devoice_func) tsub(voice_string, voice_func) end tsub("Y", "i") if lang == "csb" then tsub("([pbmfvkɡx])o", "%1wo") tsub("vw", "w") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("nj$", "n") tsub("nj([^" .. V .. "])", "n%1") tsub("ɲ([" .. V .. "])", "nj%1") tsub("ɛ$", "ə") end if trilled_rz then tsub("R", "r̝") end if lect ~= "mpl" then tsub("S", "ʂ") tsub("R", "ʐ") end if lang == "pl" then -- nasal vowels tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[pb])", "m%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[td]_[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[td])", "n%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[wl])", "%1") if data.match_pl_p_output then tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[kɡ])", "ŋ%1") tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N", "w̃") else tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[kɡxɣ])", "ŋ%1") -- For now, we have two outputs for final -ę for standard (nasal and non-nasal), but nasal-only -- for Middle Polish and non-nasal-only for all modern dialects. if not lect then tsub("ɛN$", "Ẽ") elseif lect ~= "mpl" then tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") end -- Turn this off for now; too simplistic. -- tsub("ɔN$", "Õ") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[ɕʑszʂʐ])", "Ñ%1") tsub("N", "w̃") end end -- Hyphen separator, e.g. to prevent palatalization of <kwazi->. tsub("-", "") tsub("_", OVERTIE) tsub("I", "j") tsub("U", "w") -- Handles stress. local function add_stress(first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset) local stressed_txt -- Return a regex that matches a syllable divider at the beginning of the appropriate syllable, where offset -- counts backwards from the penultimate (1 = antepenultimate, 2 = ante-antepenultimate, etc.). local function get_stress_regex(offset) local regex = "" for _ = 0, offset do regex = regex .. "[^.ˌ]+[.ˌ]" end return "([.ˌ])(" .. regex .. "[^.ˌ]+)$" end if first_penultimate_offset < 0 then -- Deals with initially stressed lects. stressed_txt = is_suffix and txt or "ˈ" .. txt else local stress_regex = get_stress_regex(first_penultimate_offset) stressed_txt = rsub(txt, stress_regex, function(syldiv, rest) if syldiv == "ˌ" then error("Attempt to assign primary stress to syllable already containing secondary stress: " .. txt) else return "ˈ" .. rest end end) -- If no stress mark could have been placed, it can only be initial, e.g. in monosyllables or a 3-syllable -- word when ante-antepenultimate stress is requested (e.g. [[szłybyśmy]]). Overly short suffixes (normally -- single-syllable, but also disyllabic if stress is antepenultimate, etc.) don't get stress; nor do words -- without vowels. if not stressed_txt:find("ˈ") and rfind(stressed_txt, ("[%s]"):format(V)) and (not is_suffix or rfind("[.ˌ]" .. stressed_txt, stress_regex)) then stressed_txt = "ˈ" .. stressed_txt end end if rfind(stressed_txt, "ˈˌ") then error("Attempt to assign primary stress to syllable already containing secondary stress: " .. txt) end if second_penultimate_offset then -- If the stress is farther back than penultimate and `second_penultimate_offset` is set, there is an -- additional variant with stress on the specified syllable (penultimate or sometimes antepenultimate, in -- the case of "ora" and "zag" lects with -śmy/-ście words not in -by-). We handle this by putting ALTSTRESS -- at both stress points and converting this later to two outputs with appropriate qualifiers. Note that -- this substitution may not succeed (e.g. if antepenultimate stress is called for but there are only two -- syllables); that is fine and just means we don't get two outputs in this case. stressed_txt = rsub(stressed_txt, "ˈ(.+)" .. get_stress_regex(second_penultimate_offset), ALTSTRESS .. "%1" .. ALTSTRESS .. "%3") end return stressed_txt end local should_stress = not (unstressed or txt:find("ˈ")) -- "Oscillating stress" lects have initial stress in some subvarieties; in others, normally penultimate, but -- antepenultimate or ante-antepenultimate in words with clitics (-by-, -śmy/-ście). (That is, they behave like -- standard Polish other than not having the colloquial penultimate stress with certain clitics.) local oscillating_stress = lang == "pl" and (lect == "ora" or lect == "zag") -- "Always initial stress" lects have initial stress in all subvarieties. local always_initial_stress = lect and lectdata.lects[lect].initial_stress local first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset if oscillating_stress or always_initial_stress then first_penultimate_offset = -1 -- initial stress else first_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset end if oscillating_stress then second_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset elseif always_initial_stress then second_penultimate_offset = nil else -- Standard Polish stress; if double_stress is set and the first (prescriptive) stress is antepenultimate or -- earlier, there's a second (colloquial) stress on the penultimate. second_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset > 0 and double_stress and 0 or nil end if should_stress then txt = add_stress(first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset) end -- This must follow stress assignment because it depends on whether the E is stressed. if lang == "zlw-slv" and tfind("E") then txt = txt:gsub("([ˈˌ][^" .. V .. "]*)E", "%1i̯ɛ") txt = txt:gsub("E$", "ə") txt = txt:gsub("E", "ɛ") end if data.is_prep then txt = txt .. "$" end return txt, hyph end -- Determine number of syllables of a pronunciation. For this to work, there must be either stress marks or syllable -- divisions at each syllable boundary. local function count_syllables(pron) -- Convert prosodic boundaries to regular spaces; ignore stress markers at the beginning -- of a word; and then count occurrences of spaces, syllable dividers and stress marks. return 1 + ulen(rsub(rsub(rsub(pron:gsub(" | ", " "), " [ˈˌ]", " "), "^[%[/]?[ˈˌ]", ""), "[^.ˈˌ ]", "")) end -- Returns rhyme from a transcription. local function do_rhyme(pron) -- No rhymes for multiword terms. if pron:find(" ") then return nil end -- Combined list of single-Unicode-character vowels for all lects. FIXME: Consider using definition of V from above. -- DO NOT include multi-character sequences such as ɛ̃ ɔ̃ i̯ aː because that will mess everything up. The regex below -- looks for a sequence of non-vowels followed by a vowel and truncates the non-vowels. The above sequences have the -- vowel first, which means things will work out fine without the diacritics included among the vowel characters. local V = "aãăɒeɛɜɘiĭɨɪoõŏɔɞɵuŭʉy" return { rhyme = rsub(rsub(pron:gsub("^.*ˈ", ""), ("^[^%s]-([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1"), "[.ˌ]", ""), num_syl = { count_syllables(pron) }, } end --[[ Handles a single input, returning a table of transcriptions. Returns also a string of hyphenation and a table of rhymes if it is a single-word term. --]] local function multiword(term, lang, period, lect, match_pl_p_output) if term:find("^raw:%[.+%]$") then return {{ phonetic = term:gsub("^raw:", "") }} end local ipa, hyph term = rsub(term, "%s*,%s*", " | ") if term:find(" ") then -- TODO: repeated function lg(s) return s[lang] or s[1] end local prepositions = lg { { "beze?", "na", "dla", "do", "ku", "nade?", "o", "ode?", "po", "pode?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przy", "spode?", "u", "we?", "z[ae]?", "znade?", "zza", -- clitic conjunctions and adverbs "a", "i", "nie", -- clitic pronouns; less common variants with stress need an explicit stress mark (e.g. [[mi]] = variant -- of Greek letter [[my]] or the third note in a musical scale; [[go]] = the game of go; [[mu]] = the -- sound "moo" of a cow; note that [[ci]] is also a stressed pronoun, the nominative virile plural of -- [[ten]]) "mi", "ci", "cię", "go", "mu", "się", }, szl = { "bezy?", "na", "dlŏ", "d[oō]", "ku", "nady?", "ô", "ôdy?", "po", "pody?", "przedy?", "przezy?", "przi", "spody?", "u", "w[ey]?", "z[aey]?", "[śs]", "znady?" }, csb = { "beze?", "na", "dlô", "do", "kù", "nade?", "ò", "òde?", "pò", "pòde?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przë", "spòde?", "ù", "we?", "wew", "z[ae]?", "zez", "zeza", "zó", "znade?" }, ["zlw-slv"] = { "dlo", "dô", "na", "nade?", "przêde?", "przêze?", "przë", "pô", "pôde?", "sê?", "vô", "we?", "wôde?", "wù", "za" }, } local ipaparts, hyphparts = {}, {} local contains_preps = false local words = rsplit(term, " +") for i, word in ipairs(words) do if word == "|" then -- prosodic boundary, from a comma table.insert(ipaparts, word) if hyphparts[#hyphparts] then hyphparts[#hyphparts] = hyphparts[#hyphparts] .. "," else hyphparts[1] = "," end else local is_prep = false if word == "nie" and words[i + 1] == "ma" then is_prep = false elseif word == "ma" and words[i - 1] == "nie" then is_prep = true else for _, prep in ipairs(prepositions) do if (rfind(word, ("^%s$"):format(prep))) then is_prep = true break end end end contains_preps = contains_preps or is_prep local wordipa, wordhyph = single_word { txt = word, lang = lang, is_prep = is_prep, period = period, lect = lect, match_pl_p_output = match_pl_p_output, } table.insert(ipaparts, wordipa) table.insert(hyphparts, wordhyph) if i < #words then local separator = is_prep and "‿" or " " table.insert(ipaparts, separator) table.insert(hyphparts, separator) end end end ipa = table.concat(ipaparts) hyph = table.concat(hyphparts) local function assimilate_preps(str) local function assim(from, to, before) str = rsub(str, ("%s(%%$‿[ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format(from, before), to .. "%1") end local T = "fptsʂɕkx" assim("d", "t", T) assim("v", "f", T) assim("z", "s", T) if lang == "szl" then local D = "bdzʐʑɡ" assim("s", "z", D) assim("ɕ", "ʑ", D) end return rsub(str, "%$", "") end if contains_preps then ipa = assimilate_preps(ipa) -- Move stress before non-syllabic clitics attached with tie bar. FIXME: We should be using # or similar -- at string boundaries to avoid the need to substitute twice. local C = "[^" .. vowels .. "]" ipa = rsub(ipa, ("([‿ ])(%s+)‿([ˈˌ])"):format(C), "%1%3%2") ipa = rsub(ipa, ("^(%s+)‿([ˈˌ])"):format(C), "%2%1‿") end else ipa, hyph = single_word { txt = term, lang = lang, is_prep = false, period = period, lect = lect, match_pl_p_output = match_pl_p_output, } end local result = {{ pron = ipa, norhyme = false, }} -- Map over each element in `result`. If `from` is found in the element, replace the element with up to three -- elements, respectively replacing `from` with `to1` (with accent qualifiers `a1`), `to2` (with accent qualifiers -- `a2`) and `to3` (with accent qualifiers `a3`). If `to2` or `to3` are nil, no replacement is done for them. -- If `nr1` is true, this variant should not have rhymes generated; likewise for `nr2` and `nr3`. local function flatmap_and_sub_post(from, to1, a1, nr1, to2, a2, nr2, to3, a3, nr3) local any_change = false result = flatmap(result, function(item) if rfind(item.pron, from) then any_change = true local retval = { { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to1), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a1), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr1, } } if to2 then table.insert(retval, { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to2), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a2), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr2, } ) end if to3 then table.insert(retval, { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to3), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a3), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr3, } ) end return retval else return {item} end end) return any_change end -- Replace the first ALTSTRESS with a syllable divider but not at the beginning of a word. local function stress_second(before_first, before_second) if before_first == "" then return before_second .. "ˈ" else return before_first .. "." .. before_second .. "ˈ" end end if lang == "pl" and lect == "ekr" then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", "o", {"pre-21^st c."}, false, "u", {"21^st c."}, false) elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "mpl" then if period == "early" then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", "r̝", nil, false) elseif period == "late" then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", {R = "ʐ", S = "ʂ"}, nil, false) elseif not period then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", "r̝", {"16^th c."}, false, {R = "ʐ", S = "ʂ"}, {"17^th–18^th c."}, false) else error(("'%s' is not a supported Middle Polish period; try with 'early' or 'late'"):format(period)) end elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "ora" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, "%1ˈ%2.", {"Poland"}, false, stress_second, {"Slovakia"}, false) elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "zag" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, stress_second, {"north"}, false, "%1ˈ%2.", {"south"}, false) elseif lang == "pl" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, "%1ˈ%2.", {"prescriptive"}, false, stress_second, {"colloquial"}, false) elseif lang == "szl" then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", "ɔ", {"non-Western"}, false, "ɔw", {"Western"}, false, "ɛw", {"Głogówek"}, false) end -- Two outputs from nasal before sibilant, if not converted to one above. flatmap_and_sub_post("Ñ([.ˈˌ]?)([szɕʑʂʐ])", "w̃%1%2", nil, false, function(syldiv, sib) return ((sib == "ɕ" or sib == "ʑ") and "ɲ" or "n") .. syldiv .. sib end, nil, true) flatmap_and_sub_post("Ẽ", "ɛ", {"normal speech"}, true, "ɛw̃", {"careful speech"}, false) -- Turn this off for now; too simplistic. -- flatmap_and_sub_post("Õ", "ɔw̃", {"standard"}, false, "ɔm", {"regional", "or", "dialectal", "proscribed"}, true) while true do -- Make all primary stresses but the last one in a given word be secondary. -- FIXME: Remove this. if not flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)ˈ([^ ‿]-)ˈ", "%1ˌ%2ˈ") then break end track("two-primary-stresses-in-word") end return result, hyph end -- Given a single substitution spec, `to`, figure out the corresponding value of `from` used in a complete -- substitution spec. `pagename` is the name of the page, either the actual one or taken from the `pagename` param. -- `anchor_begin`, if set, indicates that the match must be to the beginning of a word (it was preceded by ~). -- `anchor_end`, if set, indicates that the match must be to the end of a word (it was followed by ~). If there is a -- second return value, it indicates that the `from` is a Lua pattern and doesn't need to be pattern-escaped. local function convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, anchor_begin, anchor_end) -- Replace specially-handled characters with a class matching the character and possible replacements. local escaped_from = to -- If the entire single substitution spec is one of the special stress-controlling symbols (&, &&, +, etc.), -- place it at the very beginning of the pagename. We do this by returning a Lua pattern that matches the -- beginning of the string, using the %f notation. (%f[^%z] means a transition from %z, or the NUL character, to -- not-%z; strings are treated for this purpose as if they begin and end with a NUL character.) if escaped_from:find("^[+*^&]+$") then return "%f[^%z]", true end escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[.'\"]", "") -- Call the equivalent of pattern_escape() in [[Module:string utilities]] but leave out +, *, ^ and -, which we match below. local chars = { ["\0"] = "%z", ["$"] = "%$", ["%"] = "%%", ["("] = "%(", [")"] = "%)", ["."] = "%.", ["?"] = "%?", ["["] = "%[", ["]"] = "%]", } escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[%z$%%().?[%]]", chars) -- A special stress-controlling symbol (&, &&, +, etc.) that occurs in a single substitution expression but -- is not the entire expression matches the beginning of a word. (Contrast the case above when the symbol stands -- alone and matches the beginning of the entire term.) This makes it possible e.g. with an expression like -- [[Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna]] to write the substitution spec [&R] and have it work; it matches -- R at the beginning of a word and converts it to &R, which makes [[Republika]] have optional antepenultimate -- stress. This must precede other replacements esp. k -> [kc]+, otherwise the + will wrongly get matched. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[&+*^]+", "%%f[%%a]") -- j can match against i in e.g. [[aikido]] respelled <ajkido> and [[apeiron]] respelled <apejron> escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("j", "[ji]") -- ń can match against n; in combination with the preceding, ńj can match against ni in e.g. [[Albania]] respelled -- <Albańja>. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ń", "[ńn]") -- k can match against c or cc in e.g. [[altocumulus]] respelled <altokumulus> or [[piccolo]] respelled <pikolo> escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("k", "[kc]+") -- A hyphen can match against a hyphen or nothing in the original. We have to take into account escaping the hyphen -- in the from side, adding a % sign in the replacement to escape the hyphen in the later rmatch, and escaping the -- percent sign in the replacement. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%-", "%%-?") -- A space can match against space or hyphen in the original, so e.g. [[agar-agar]] can use [ ] to respell it as -- <agar agar>. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub(" ", "[ -]") -- Middle Polish á can match against a, and similarly for é, ó, ḿ, ṕ, ẃ and b́. The latter is tricky because it's -- two characters in Unicode. (Even though ó exists in modern Polish, Middle Polish often has ó where the spelling -- has o, and sometimes vice-versa.) escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("á", "[aá]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("é", "[eé]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ó", "[oó]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ḿ", "[mḿ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ṕ", "[pṕ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ẃ", "[wẃ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("b́", "b́?") escaped_from = "(" .. escaped_from .. ")" if anchor_begin then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from end if anchor_end then escaped_from = escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end local match = rmatch(pagename, escaped_from) if match then if match == to then error(("Single substitution spec '%s' found in pagename '%s', replacement would have no effect"): format(to, pagename)) end return match end error(("Single substitution spec '%s' couldn't be matched to pagename '%s' (escaped_from: %s"):format( to, pagename, mw.dumpObject(escaped_from))) end local function apply_substitution_spec(respelling, pagename, parse_err) local subs = split_on_comma(rmatch(respelling, "^%[(.*)%]$")) respelling = pagename for _, sub in ipairs(subs) do if sub:find("%^") or sub:find("%$") then -- Changed to use ~ at beginning or end to avoid clashing with other use of ^; catch old uses track("old-anchor-symbols") end local from, escaped_from, to, escaped_to, anchor_begin, anchor_end if sub:find("^~") then -- anchor at beginning sub = rmatch(sub, "^~(.*)$") anchor_begin = true end local already_escaped if sub:find(":") then from, to = rmatch(sub, "^(.-):(.*)$") if from:find("~$") then -- anchor at end from = rmatch(from, "^(.*)~$") anchor_end = true end else if sub:find("~$") then -- anchor at end sub = rmatch(sub, "^(.*)~$") anchor_end = true end to = sub from, already_escaped = convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, anchor_begin, anchor_end) end if from then escaped_from = already_escaped and from or m_str_utils.pattern_escape(from) if anchor_begin then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from end if anchor_end then escaped_from = escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end escaped_to = m_str_utils.replacement_escape(to) local subbed_respelling, nsubs = rsubn(respelling, escaped_from, escaped_to) if nsubs == 0 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s didn't match processed pagename '%s'"):format( from, to, respelling)) elseif nsubs > 1 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s matched multiple substrings in processed pagename '%s', add " .. "more context"):format(from, to, respelling)) else respelling = subbed_respelling end end end return respelling end -- This handles all the magic characters <*>, <^>, <&>, <+>, <.>, <#>. local function normalise_input(term, pagename, paramname) local function check_af(str, af, reg, repl, err_msg) reg = reg:format(af) if not rfind(str, reg) then error(("The word %s does not %s with %s"):format(str, err_msg, af)) end return str:gsub(reg, repl) end local function check_pref(str, pref) return check_af(str, pref, "^(%s)", "%1.", "start") end local function check_suf(str, suf) return check_af(str, suf, "(%s)$", ".%1", "end") end if term:find("^%[.*%]$") then local function parse_err(msg) -- Don't call make_parse_err() until we actually need to throw an error, to avoid unnecessarily loading -- [[Module:parse utilities]]. require(parse_utilities_module).make_parse_err(paramname)(msg) end return apply_substitution_spec(term, pagename, parse_err) end if term == "#" then -- The pound sign stands simply for {{PAGENAME}}. return pagename elseif (term == "+") or term:find("^%^+$") or term:find("^&+$") or (term == "*") then -- Inputs that are just '+', '*', '^', '^^', '&', '&&', etc. are treated as -- if they contained the pagename with those symbols preceding it. return term .. pagename -- Handle syntax like <po.>, <.ka> and <po..ka>. This allows to not respell -- the entire word when all is needed is to specify syllabification of a prefix -- and/or a suffix. elseif term:find(".+%.$") then return check_pref(pagename, term:sub(1, -2)) elseif term:find("^%..+") then return check_suf(pagename, term:sub(2)) elseif term:find(".+%.%..+") then return check_suf(check_pref(pagename, term:gsub("%.%..+", "")), term:gsub(".+%.%.", "")) end return term end -- This converts the raw information, the arguments and pagename, into tables to be handed over to the IPA module. -- It is called externally by [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/testcases/driver]]. function export.get_lect_pron_info(terms, pagename, paramname, lang, lect, period, match_pl_p_output) if #terms == 1 and terms[1].respelling == "-" then return { pron_list = nil, rhyme_list = {}, hyph_list = {}, } end local pron_list = {} local rhyme_list = {} local hyph_list = {} local brackets = "/%s/" if lect then if lectdata.lects[lect].phonetic then brackets = "[%s]" end end -- Loops over the terms given as arguments. for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local respelling = term.respelling -- Handles magic symbols in the input. respelling = normalise_input(respelling, pagename, paramname) -- Obtains the transcription and hyphenation for the current index. local prons, hyph = multiword(respelling, lang, period, lect, match_pl_p_output) for i, pron in ipairs(prons) do if pron.phonetic then table.insert(pron_list, { pron = pron.phonetic, pron_with_syldivs = pron.phonetic, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = term.a, aa = term.aa, refs = i == 1 and term.refs or nil, }) else local bracketed_pron = brackets:format(pron.pron) table.insert(pron_list, { pron = bracketed_pron, pron_with_syldivs = bracketed_pron, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = combine_qualifiers(pron.a, term.a), aa = term.aa, refs = i == 1 and term.refs or nil, }) if not pron.norhyme then -- Make sure to pass a version of the pronunciation with syllable dividers. table.insert(rhyme_list, do_rhyme(pron.pron, lang)) end end end -- If a hyphenation value had been returned by multiword(), make sure it matches the pagename; otherwise -- don't add. FIXME: This should be smarter in the presence of hyphens in the lemma. if hyph and hyph:gsub("%.", ""):gsub("‿", " ") == pagename then m_table.insertIfNot(hyph_list, hyph) end end return { pron_list = pron_list, hyph_list = hyph_list, rhyme_list = rhyme_list, } end function export.get_lect_pron_info_bot(frame) local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, { [1] = {}, ["lang"] = { default = "pl" }, ["lect"] = {}, ["period"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only ["plp"] = { list = true }, ["match_pl_p_output"] = { type = "boolean" }, }) local termspec = iargs[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local retval = export.get_lect_pron_info( terms, iargs.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename, "[from bot]", iargs.lang, iargs.lect, iargs.period, iargs.match_pl_p_output ) if iargs.plp[1] then retval.plp_prons = {} for _, plp in ipairs(iargs.plp) do table.insert(retval.plp_prons, "/" .. require("Module:pl-IPA").convert_to_IPA(plp) .. "/") end end return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(retval) end function export.show(frame) local ilang = frame.args.lang if ilang == "pl" then lectdata = require("Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl") end local process_args = { [1] = {}, ["hyphs"] = {}, ["h"] = { alias_of = "hyphs" }, ["rhymes"] = {}, ["r"] = { alias_of = "rhymes" }, ["audios"] = {}, ["a"] = { alias_of = "audios" }, ["homophones"] = {}, ["hh"] = { alias_of = "homophones" }, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only ["indent"] = {}, } if ilang == "pl" then process_args["mpl_period"] = {} process_args["mp_period"] = { alias_of = "mpl_period" } for lect, _ in pairs(lectdata.lects) do process_args[lect] = {} end for alias, lect in pairs(lectdata.lect_aliases) do process_args[alias] = { alias_of = lect } end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, process_args) local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(ilang, true, "allow etym") local termspec = args[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local indent = args.indent or "*" local pronobj = export.get_lect_pron_info(terms, pagename, 1, ilang) local hyph_list, rhyme_list = pronobj.hyph_list, pronobj.rhyme_list local hyph_automatic = true local do_hyph local pl_lect_prons if ilang == "pl" then for lect, _ in pairs(lectdata.lects) do if args[lect] then if pl_lect_prons == nil then pl_lect_prons = {} end pl_lect_prons[lect] = export.get_lect_pron_info( parse_respellings_with_modifiers(args[lect], lect), pagename, lect, "pl", lect, args[lect .. "_period"] ).pron_list end end end if args.hyphs then hyph_automatic = false if args.hyphs == "-" then do_hyph = false else hyph_list = split_on_comma(args.hyphs) do_hyph = true end elseif terms[1].respelling == "-" then do_hyph = false else do_hyph = true end if args.rhymes then if args.rhymes == "-" then rhyme_list = {} elseif args.rhymes ~= "+" then rhyme_list = {} for _, rhyme in ipairs(split_on_comma(args.rhymes)) do if rfind(rhyme, ".+/.+") then table.insert(rhyme_list, { rhyme = rsub(rhyme, "/.+", ""), num_syl = { tonumber(rsub(rhyme, ".+/", "")) }, }) else error(("The manual rhyme %s did not specify syllable number as RHYME/NUM_SYL"):format(rhyme)) end end end end -- This deals with duplicate values in rhymes. if #rhyme_list > 0 then local temp_rhyme_list = {} local indices = {} for _, rhymeobj in ipairs(rhyme_list) do local index = indices[rhymeobj.rhyme] if index == nil then table.insert(temp_rhyme_list, rhymeobj) indices[rhymeobj.rhyme] = #temp_rhyme_list else local different_num_syl = true for _, ns in ipairs(temp_rhyme_list[index].num_syl) do if ns == rhymeobj.num_syl[1] then different_num_syl = false break end end if different_num_syl then table.insert(temp_rhyme_list[index].num_syl, rhymeobj.num_syl[1]) end end end rhyme_list = temp_rhyme_list end local m_IPA_format = require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full local parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(parts, text) end local do_collapse = false if pronobj.pron_list then if pl_lect_prons then do_collapse = true ins('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: {width}em; max-width:100%;"><span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;">&nbsp;</span>\n') end ins(indent .. m_IPA_format(lang, pronobj.pron_list)) end local em_length if pl_lect_prons then if do_collapse then ins('\n<div class="vsHide">\n') end local m_format_qualifiers = require("Module:accent qualifier").format_qualifiers -- First groups the lects into their lect groups. local grouped_lects = {} for lect, lect_prons in pairs(pl_lect_prons) do local lect_group = lectdata.lects[lect].group if grouped_lects[lect_group] == nil then grouped_lects[lect_group] = {} end table.insert(grouped_lects[lect_group], { code = lect, prons = lect_prons }) end -- And then displays each group in order. local maxlen = 0 local function display_lect(value, indentation) local formatted = ("%s%s %s"):format(indentation, m_format_qualifiers(lang, { lectdata.lects[value.code].name }), m_IPA_format(lang, value.prons) ) maxlen = math.max(maxlen, textual_len(formatted)) ins("\n" .. formatted) end for group_index = 1, #lectdata.lect_groups do local lects = grouped_lects[group_index] local group = lectdata.lect_groups[group_index] if lects ~= nil then if group.single_lect then display_lect(lects[1], indent) else -- Checks to indent Goral under Lesser Polish. additional_indent = "" if group.indent_with_prec then additional_indent = "*" if grouped_lects[group_index - 1] == nil then ins("\n*" .. m_format_qualifiers(lang, { lectdata.lect_groups[group_index - 1].name }) .. ":") end end -- Lect group header. ins("\n*" .. additional_indent .. m_format_qualifiers(lang, { group.name }) .. ":") -- The lects are sorted according to their <index> value. table.sort(lects, function (a, b) return lectdata.lects[a.code].index < lectdata.lects[b.code].index end) for _, lect in ipairs(lects) do display_lect(lect, "**" .. additional_indent) end end end end if do_collapse then ins('\n</div></div>\n') end em_length = math.floor(maxlen * 0.68) end if args.audios then local format_audio = require("Module:audio").format_audio local audio_objs = parse_audio(lang, args.audios, pagename, "audios") local num_audios = #audio_objs for i, audio_obj in ipairs(audio_objs) do if num_audios > 1 and not audio_obj.caption then audio_obj.caption = "Audio " .. i end ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. format_audio(audio_obj)) end end if #rhyme_list > 0 then ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. require("Module:rhymes").format_rhymes { lang = lang, rhymes = rhyme_list }) end if do_hyph then ins("\n" .. indent .. " ") if #hyph_list > 0 then local hyphs = {} local seen_num_pron_syls if pronobj.pron_list then -- Compute the number of syllables for each pronunciation, for use below. seen_num_pron_syls = {} for _, pronobj in ipairs(pronobj.pron_list) do local pron = pronobj.pron_with_syldivs local num_pron_syls = count_syllables(pron) m_table.insertIfNot(seen_num_pron_syls, {pron = pron, nsyl = num_pron_syls}) end end for i, hyph in ipairs(hyph_list) do hyphs[i] = { hyph = {} } for syl in hyph:gmatch("[^.]+") do table.insert(hyphs[i].hyph, syl) end if pronobj.pron_list then -- Match each syllabification against the syllable counts of all pronunciations, since we don't have -- any alignment between the two. Only complain if the syllable count of the syllabification doesn't -- match the syllable count of any pronunciation. local num_hyph_syls = 1 + #(hyph:gsub("[^. ]", "")) local matched = false for _, num_pron_syls in ipairs(seen_num_pron_syls) do if num_pron_syls.nsyl == num_hyph_syls then matched = true break end end if not matched then local prons_and_sylcounts = {} for _, num_pron_syls in ipairs(seen_num_pron_syls) do table.insert(prons_and_sylcounts, ("%s:%s"):format(num_pron_syls.pron, num_pron_syls.nsyl)) end mw.log(("Syllable count %s for syllabification '%s' doesn't match pronunciation syllable count(s) %s for '%s'"):format( num_hyph_syls, hyph, table.concat(prons_and_sylcounts, ","), pagename)) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "" then ins(("[[Category:%s entries with Template:%s-pr with %s syllabification syllable count mismatch]]"):format( lang:getFullName(), ilang, hyph_automatic and "automatic" or "manual")) end end end end ins(require("Module:hyphenation").format_hyphenations { lang = lang, hyphs = hyphs, caption = "分綴" }) else ins("分綴: <small>[please specify syllabification manually]</small>") if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "" then ins(("[[Category:%s entries with Template:%s-pr without syllabification]]"):format( lang:getFullName(), ilang)) end end end if args.homophones then local homophone_list = parse_homophones(args.homophones, "homophones") ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. require("Module:homophones").format_homophones { lang = lang, homophones = homophone_list, }) end local ret = table.concat(parts) if em_length then ret = m_str_utils.gsub(ret, "{width}", em_length) end return ret end return export a7ud8ehu3eknnvz9380uzi0e4ys0s3w 2328222 2328209 2026-08-16T22:26:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328222 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local audio_module = "Module:audio" local links_module = "Module:links" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local u = m_str_utils.char local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rmatch = m_str_utils.match local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local usub = mw.ustring.sub local OVERTIE = u(0x361) -- COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE local vowels = "aãăɒeɛɜɘiĭɨɪoõŏɔɞɵuŭʉy" -- In cases where there are two possible stresses (e.g. in words ending in -ika/-yka), we put ALTSTRESS where both -- stresses can go, and handle this later in multiword(). local ALTSTRESS = u(0xFFF0) -- Lect data later retrieved in the module. local lectdata -- FIXME: Implement optional assimilation across word boundaries. local assimilate_across_word_boundaries = false local function track(page) require("Module:debug/track")("zlw-lch-IPA/" .. page) return true end -- Version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value. local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar) while true do local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar) if new_term == term then return term end term = new_term end end -- Flat-map a function `fun` over `items`. This is like `map` over a sequence followed by `flatten`, i.e. the function -- must itself return a sequence and all of the returned sequences are flattened into a single sequence. local function flatmap(items, fun) local new = {} for _, item in ipairs(items) do local results = fun(item) for _, result in ipairs(results) do m_table.insertIfNot(new, result) end end return new end -- Combine two sets of qualifiers, either of which may be nil or a list of qualifiers. Remove duplicate qualifiers. -- Return value is nil or a list of qualifiers. local function combine_qualifiers(qual1, qual2) if not qual1 then return qual2 end if not qual2 then return qual1 end local qualifiers = m_table.deepcopy(qual1) for _, qual in ipairs(qual2) do m_table.insertIfNot(qualifiers, qual) end return qualifiers end local function split_on_comma(term) if not term then return nil end if term:find(",%s") or term:find("\\") then return require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(term) else return rsplit(term, ",") end end -- Remove any HTML from the formatted text and resolve links, since the extra characters don't contribute to the -- displayed length. local function convert_to_raw_text(text) text = rsub(text, "<.->", "") if text:find("%[%[") then text = require(links_module).remove_links(text) end return text end -- Return the approximate displayed length in characters. local function textual_len(text) return ulen(convert_to_raw_text(text)) end local function parse_respellings_with_modifiers(respelling, paramname) local function generate_obj(respelling, parse_err) return {respelling = respelling} end if respelling:find("[<%[]") then local put = require(parse_utilities_module) -- Parse balanced segment runs involving either [...] (substitution notation) or <...> (inline modifiers). -- We do this because we don't want commas inside of square or angle brackets to count as respelling -- delimiters. However, we need to rejoin square-bracketed segments with nearby ones after splitting -- alternating runs on comma. For example, if we are given -- "a[x]a<q:learned>,[vol:vôl,ks]<q:nonstandard>", after calling -- parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run() we get the following output: -- -- {"a", "[x]", "a", "<q:learned>", ",", "[vol:vôl,ks]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""} -- -- After calling split_alternating_runs(), we get the following: -- -- {{"a", "[x]", "a", "<q:learned>", ""}, {"", "[vol:vôl,ks]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""}} -- -- We need to rejoin stuff on either side of the square-bracketed portions. local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(respelling, {{"<", ">"}, {"[", "]"}}) local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments) -- Process each value. local retval = {} for i, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do -- Rejoin runs that don't involve <...>. local j = 2 while j <= #group do if not group[j]:find("^<.*>$") then group[j - 1] = group[j - 1] .. group[j] .. group[j + 1] table.remove(group, j) table.remove(group, j) else j = j + 2 end end local param_mods = { q = {type = "qualifier"}, qq = {type = "qualifier"}, a = {type = "labels"}, aa = {type = "labels"}, ref = {item_dest = "refs", type = "references"}, } table.insert(retval, put.parse_inline_modifiers_from_segments { group = group, arg = respelling, props = { paramname = paramname, param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, }, }) end return retval else local retval = {} for _, item in ipairs(split_on_comma(respelling)) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(item)) end return retval end end -- Parse a pronunciation modifier in `arg`, the argument portion in an inline modifier (after the prefix), which -- specifies a pronunciation property such as rhyme, hyphenation/syllabification, homophones or audio. The argument -- can itself have inline modifiers, e.g. <audio:Foo.ogg<a:Masovia>>. The allowed inline modifiers are specified -- by `param_mods` (of the format expected by `parse_inline_modifiers()`); in addition to any modifiers specified -- there, the modifiers <q:...>, <qq:...>, <a:...>, <aa:...> and <ref:...> are always accepted. `generate_obj` and -- `parse_err` are like in `parse_inline_modifiers()` and specify respectively a function to generate the object into -- which modifier properties are stored given the non-modifier part of the argument, and a function to generate an error -- message (given the message). Normally, a comma-separated list of pronunciation properties is accepted and parsed, -- where each element in the list can have its own inline modifiers and where no spaces are allowed next to the commas -- in order for them to be recognized as separators. This can be overridden with `splitchar` (which can actually be a -- Lua pattern). The return value is a list of property objects. local function parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods, splitchar) splitchar = splitchar or "," if arg:find("<") then param_mods.q = {type = "qualifier"} param_mods.qq = {type = "qualifier"} param_mods.a = {type = "labels"} param_mods.aa = {type = "labels"} param_mods.ref = {item_dest = "refs", type = "references"} return require(parse_utilities_module).parse_inline_modifiers(arg, { param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, paramname = paramname, splitchar = splitchar, }) else local retval = {} local split_arg = splitchar == "," and split_on_comma(arg) or rsplit(arg, splitchar) for _, term in ipairs(split_arg) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(term)) end return retval end end local function parse_audio(lang, arg, pagename, paramname) local param_mods = { IPA = { sublist = true, }, text = {}, t = { item_dest = "gloss", }, -- No tr=, ts=, or sc=; doesn't make sense for Polish. gloss = {}, pos = {}, -- No alt=; text= already goes in alt=. lit = {}, -- No id=; text= already goes in alt= and isn't normally linked. g = { item_dest = "genders", sublist = true, }, bad = {}, cap = { item_dest = "caption", }, } local function process_special_chars(val) if not val then return val end return (val:gsub("[#~]", { ["#"] = pagename, ["~"] = pagename .. " się", })) end local function generate_audio_obj(arg) return {file = process_special_chars(arg)} end -- Split on semicolon instead of comma because some filenames have embedded commas not followed by a space -- (typically followed by an underscore). local retvals = parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_audio_obj, param_mods, "%s*;%s*") for i, retval in ipairs(retvals) do retval.lang = lang retval.text = process_special_chars(retval.text) retval.caption = process_special_chars(retval.caption) local textobj = require(audio_module).construct_audio_textobj(retval) retval.text = textobj -- Set to nil the fields that were moved into `retval.text`. retval.gloss = nil retval.pos = nil retval.lit = nil retval.genders = nil end return retvals end local function parse_homophones(arg, paramname) local function generate_obj(term) return {term = term} end local param_mods = { t = { -- [[Module:links]] expects the gloss in "gloss". item_dest = "gloss", }, gloss = {}, -- No tr=, ts=, or sc=; doesn't make sense for Polish. pos = {}, alt = {}, lit = {}, id = {}, g = { -- [[Module:links]] expects the genders in "genders". item_dest = "genders", sublist = true, }, } return parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods) end --[=[ Given a single word in `txt`, compute its "lightly phonetic" IPA representation. If there are multiple possible outputs (e.g. because of -yka/-ika words or words with clitics such as -by- or -śmy/-ście), we signal this through special symbols such as ALTSTRESS or capital letters (on input, capital letters have been lowercased so we can use capital letters as special symbols). The actual generation of multiple outputs happens in multiword() after the full term's IPA has been generated. Return two values: the IPA representation and the hyphenation. ]=] local function single_word(data) local txt, lang, lect = data.txt, data.lang, data.lect -- This is the number of syllables before the penultimate syllable onto which to add the stress. local penultimate_offset = 0 local is_prefix = not not txt:find("%-$") local is_suffix = not not txt:find("^%-") local unstressed = data.is_prep or is_prefix -- If penultimate_offset > 0, add a second stress onto the penult. local double_stress = false function tsub(s, r) local c txt, c = rsubn(txt, s, r) return c > 0 end function tsub_repeatedly(s, r) txt = rsub_repeatedly(txt, s, r) end function lg(s) return s[lang] or s[1] end function tfind(s) return rfind(txt, s) end if tfind("[Åå]") then error("Please replace å with á") end -- Save indices of uppercase characters before setting everything lowercase. local uppercase_indices uppercase_indices = {} local capitals = ("[A-Z%s]"):format(lg { pl = "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ" --[[and the dialectal]] .. "ÁÉÔÛÝ" --[[and the MPl]] .. "ḾṔẂ", szl = "ÃĆŁŃŌŎÔÕŚŹŻ", csb = "ÔÒÃËÙÉÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ", ["zlw-slv"] = "ÃÉËÊÓÕÔÚÙŃŻ", }) if tfind(capitals) then local i = 1 local str = rsub(txt, "[.\"'^*+&]", "") while rfind(str, capitals, i) do local r, _ = rfind(str, capitals, i) table.insert(uppercase_indices, r) i = r + 1 end end if #uppercase_indices == 0 then uppercase_indices = nil end txt = ulower(txt) -- Replace digraphs with single capital letters to simplify the code below. tsub("[crsd][hzżź]", { cz = "C", rz = "R", sz = "S", dz = "D", ch = "H", ["dż"] = "Ż", ["dź"] = "Ź", }) if lect == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "B") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("gh", "G") tsub("y̆", "Y") end local function undo_digraph_replacement(txt) return rsub(txt, "[CRSDHŻŹBG]", { C = "cz", R = "rz", S = "sz", D = "dz", H = "ch", ["Ż"] = "dż", ["Ź"] = "dź", B = "b́", G = "gh", Y = "y̆", }) end -- Vowels, both spelled and IPA vowels. To make the distinction easier, we separate the IPA-only vowels and -- concatenate them at the end. For Polish, we additionally separate the spelled Middle Polish vowels. local V_no_IU = lg { pl = "aąeęioóuy" .. "áéôûý" .. "ɛɔɘ", szl = "aãeéioōŏôõuy" .. "ɛɔɪ", csb = "aãąeéëioôòóuùy" .. "ɛɜɔõɞ", -- NOTE: DO NOT include ɔ̃ here because it's not a single Unicode character. ["zlw-slv"] = "aãāăeéëêEiĭoóõôŏuúùŭŭùyY" .. "ɛɪɔɵʉə", } local V = V_no_IU .. "IU" local C = ("[^%sU.'\"]"):format(V_no_IU) if txt:find("^%*") then -- The symbol <*> before a word indicates it is unstressed. unstressed = true txt = txt:sub(2) elseif txt:find("^%^+") then -- The symbol <^> before a word indicates it is stressed on the antepenult, -- <^^> on the ante-antepenult, etc. penultimate_offset = txt:match("^(%^+)"):len() txt = txt:sub(penultimate_offset + 1) elseif txt:find("^&+") then -- The symbol <&> before a word indicates it has double stress on both the antepenult (prescriptive) and on -- the penult (colloquial); <&&> is similar but for ante-antepenult and penult, etc. penultimate_offset = txt:match("^(&+)"):len() txt = txt:sub(penultimate_offset + 1) double_stress = true elseif txt:find("^%+") then -- The symbol <+> indicates the word is stressed regularly on the penult. This is useful -- for avoiding the following checks to come into place. txt = txt:sub(2) else if tfind(".+[łlb][iy]") then -- this first check is an optimization only -- Some words endings trigger stress on the antepenult or ante-antepenult regularly. if tfind("łybyśmy$") or tfind("libyśmy$") or tfind("łybyście$") or tfind("libyście$") then penultimate_offset = 2 elseif tfind("ł[aoy]?by[mś]?$") or tfind("liby[mś]?$") then penultimate_offset = 1 elseif tfind("łyśmy$") or tfind("liśmy$") or tfind("łyście$") or tfind("liście$") then penultimate_offset = 1 double_stress = true end end -- FIXME, is the following correct? if lect == "mpl" then if tfind(".+[yi]j.+") then local endings = { "[ąáéo]", "[ée]j", "[áo]m", "ach" } for _, v in ipairs(endings) do if tfind(("[yi]j%s$"):format(v)) then penultimate_offset = 1 -- FIXME: correct? -- double_stress = true end end end end end -- TODO: mpl, csb, szl, zlw-slv -- Syllabify common prefixes as separate; note that since we replaced digraphs above with single -- chars, we need to use the replacement chars here. Longer prefixes must precede shorter subprefixes, -- e.g. niedo- must precede nie- for the former to be recognized. local prefixes = { 'a"?ero', '"?anty', '"?arcy', "bez", "Ctero", "ćwierć", "dwu", "mało", "niby", "niedo", "nie", "[pt]Ry", "pRed?", "roze?", "wielo", "współ", "wy", -- <do-, na-, po-, o-, u-> would hit too many false positives } for _, prefix in ipairs(prefixes) do if tfind("^" .. prefix) then -- Make sure the suffix is followed by zero or more consonants (including - but not -- including a syllable divider) followed by a vowel. We do this so that we don't put -- a syllable divider when the user specified the divider in a different place. tsub(("^(%s)(%s*[%s])"):format(prefix, C, V), "%1.%2") break end end -- syllabify common suffixes as separate local suffixes = lg { pl = { "nąć", "[sc]tw[aou]", "[sc]twie", "[sc]tw[eo]m", "[sc]twami", "[sc]twach", "dztw[aou]", "dztwie", "dztw[eo]m", "dztwami", "dztwach", "dł[aou]", "dł[eo]m", "dłami", "dłach", "[czs]j[aeięąo]", "[czs]jom", "[czs]jami", "[czs]jach", }, szl = { "nōńć", "dło", }, csb = { "nąc", "dło" }, ["zlw-slv"] = { "nõc", "dlô" }, } for _, v in ipairs(suffixes) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s]%s*)(%s)$"):format(V, C, v), "%1.%2") then break end end -- Syllabify <-Ctka> as /Ct.ka/, e.g. in [[-istka]], [[haftka]], [[adiunktka]], [[abiturientka]], [[ćwiartka]], -- [[adeptka]], etc. Same for any case form. local C_before_t = "łrnfskp" if tfind(("[%s][%s]+t[kc]"):format(V, C_before_t)) then local endings = lg { -- As with prefixes above, must use digraph replacement codes. { "k[aąęio]", "ce", "kaH", "kom", "kami" }, szl = { "k[aãio]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacaH", "kōma" }, csb = { "k[aãąioôòùó]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacaH", }, } for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s][%s]+t)(%s)$"):format(V, C_before_t, ending), "%1.%2") then break end end end if lang == "pl" then -- FIXME: Add support for other languages and lects. -- Syllabify <-Ctny> as /Ct.ny/, and <-Ctnik> as <Ct.nik>; same for any case form. if tfind(("[%s][%s]+tn"):format(V, C_before_t)) then local endings = lg { -- As with prefixes above, must use digraph replacement codes. -- -ny { "n[yaeią]", "nego", "nej", "nyH", "nemu", "nymi?", -- -nik, -nica "nik[aui]?", "nikowi", "nikiem", "ników", "ni[kc]om", "ni[kc]ami", "ni[kc]aH", "nic[ayeęąo]?", } } for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Make sure there's no syllable divider elsewhere in the consonant cluster -- preceding the suffix. Same logic as above for prefixes. if tsub(("([%s][%s]+t)(%s)$"):format(V, C_before_t, ending), "%1.%2") then break end end end end -- falling diphthongs <au> and <eu>, and diacriticised variants tsub(lg { "([aeáé])u", csb = "([ae])ù" }, "%1U") -- rising diphthongs with <iV> tsub(("([^%s])" .. (lang == "zlw-slv" and "j" or "i") .. "([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1I%2") -- Prevent palatalization of the special case kwazi-. tsub("^kwazi", "kwaz-i") -- Syllabify by adding a period (.) between syllables. There may already be user-supplied syllable divisions -- (period or single quote), which we need to respect. This works by replacing each sequence of VC*V with -- V.V, V.CV, V.TRV (where T is an obstruent and R is a liquid) or otherwise VTR.C+V or VC.C+V, i.e. if there are -- multiple consonants, place the syllable boundary after the first TR sequence or otherwise the first consonant. -- We need to repeat since each VC*V sequence overlaps the next one. Digraphs have already been replaced by single -- capital letters. -- -- FIXME: I don't believe it's necessarily correct in a sequence of obstruents to place the boundary after the -- first one. I think we should respect the possible onsets. tsub(("qu([%s])"):format(V), "Q%1") -- replace qu before vowel with Q for easier syllabifying -- List of obstruents and liquids, including capital letters representing digraphs. We count rz as a liquid even -- in Polish. local obstruent = "bBcćCdDfgGhHkpṕQqsSśtxzźżŹŻ" local liquid_no_w = "IjlrR" local liquid = liquid_no_w .. "łwẃ" -- We need to treat I (<i> in hiatus) as a consonant, and since we check for two vowels in a row, we don't want -- U to be one of the second vowels. tsub_repeatedly(("([%sU])(%s*)([%s])"):format(V_no_IU, C, V_no_IU), function(v1, cons, v2) local cons_no_hyphen = cons:gsub("%-", "") -- If there's only one consonant, or just an obstruent-liquid sequence, or any single consonant followed by -- written i in hiatus, put the syllable break before the consonant(s); but don't do this for -ńj-, or -ńi- -- in hiatus, or in the sequence -nii- (which later gets handled specially and converted to -ńji-). if (ulen(cons_no_hyphen) < 2 or rfind(cons_no_hyphen, ("^[%s][%s]I?$"):format(obstruent, liquid)) or rfind(cons_no_hyphen, ("^%sI$"):format(C))) and not rfind(cons_no_hyphen, "^ń[Ij]$") and not (cons_no_hyphen == "nI" and v2 == "i") then cons = "." .. cons else local nsubs -- Don't syllabify [[niósłby]] as niósł.by or [[jabłczan]] as jabłczan. -- FIXME: Not sure if this is quite right. cons, nsubs = rsubn(cons, ("^(%%-?[%s]%%-?[%s])"):format(obstruent, liquid_no_w), "%1.") if nsubs == 0 then cons = rsub(cons, "^(%-?.)", "%1.") end end return ("%s%s%s"):format(v1, cons, v2) end) tsub("Q", "qu") -- undo qu -> Q replacement -- Ignore certain symbols and diacritics for the hyphenation. local hyph = txt:gsub("['\"]", "."):gsub("^%.", ""):gsub("-", ""):gsub(",", "") if lang == "zlw-slv" then hyph = rsubn(hyph, "[IăĭŏŭYā]", { ["I"] = "j", ["ă"] = "a", ["ĭ"] = "i", ["ŏ"] = "o", ["ŭ"] = "u", ["Y"] = "y", ["ā"] = "a", }) end hyph = undo_digraph_replacement(hyph) hyph = hyph:lower() -- Restore uppercase characters. if uppercase_indices then -- str_i loops through all the characters of the string -- list_i loops as above but doesn't count dots -- array_i loops through the indices at which the capital letters are local str_i, list_i, array_i = 1, 1, 1 function h_sub(x, y) return usub(hyph, x, y) end while array_i <= #uppercase_indices do if h_sub(str_i, str_i) ~= "." then if list_i == uppercase_indices[array_i] then hyph = ("%s%s%s"):format(h_sub(1,str_i-1), uupper(h_sub(str_i,str_i)), h_sub(str_i+1)) array_i = array_i + 1 end list_i = list_i + 1 end str_i = str_i + 1 end end tsub("'", "ˈ") tsub('"', "ˌ") txt = undo_digraph_replacement(txt) -- handle <x>; must precede ch -> [x]; use - to prevent palatalization by following i tsub("x", "ks-") -- move syllable boundary between [ks] if preceded by a vowel tsub(("([%s])([.ˈˌ])ks"):format(V), "%1k%2s") -- handle digraphs tsub("ch", "x") tsub("[cs]z", { ["cz"]="t_ʂ", ["sz"]="ʂ" }) tsub("rz", "R") tsub("d([zżź])", "d_%1") tsub("qu", "kw") if lect == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "bʲ") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("gh", "ɣ") end -- basic orthographical rules -- replacements that are the same (almost) everywhere; can be overridden local replacements = { -- vowels ["e"] = "ɛ", ["o"] = "ɔ", -- consonants ["c"] = "t_s", ["ć"] = "t_ɕ", ["ń"] = "ɲ", ["ś"] = "ɕ", ["ź"] = "ʑ", ["ł"] = "w", ["w"] = "v", ["ż"] = "ʐ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["h"] = "x", } local function override(tbl) for k, v in pairs(tbl) do replacements[k] = v end end -- not using lg() here for speed if lang == "pl" then override { -- vowels ["ą"] = "ɔN", ["ę"] = "ɛN", ["ó"] = "u", ["y"] = "ɘ", } if lect then override { ["é"] = "e", ["á"] = "ɒ", } if lect == "mpl" then override { ["ę"] = "ɛ̃", ["ą"] = "ɔ̃", ["y"] = "ɨ", ["ó"] = "o", ["ł"] = "ɫ", ["ṕ"] = "pʲ", ["ḿ"] = "mʲ", ["ẃ"] = "vʲ", } -- <b́> has no unicode character and hence is handled above else override { ["ô"] = "wɔ", ["û"] = "wu", ["ý"] = "Y", } if lectdata.lects[lect].mid_o then replacements["ó"] = "o" elseif lect == "ekr" then replacements["ó"] = "O" end if lectdata.lects[lect].front_y then replacements["y"] = "Y" end if lectdata.lects[lect].dark_l then replacements["ł"] = "ɫ" replacements["l"] = "lʲ" end if lectdata.lects[lect].glottal_h then replacements["h"] = "h" end end end tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "szl" then override { -- vowels ["ō"] = "o", ["ŏ"] = "O", ["ô"] = "wɔ", ["õ"] = "ɔ̃", ["y"] = "ɪ", } tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "csb" then override { -- vowels ["é"] = "e", ["ó"] = "o", ["ô"] = "ɞ", ["ë"] = "ɜ", ["ò"] = "wɛ", ["ù"] = "wu", ["y"] = "Y", ["ą"] = "ɔ̃", } tsub(".", replacements) elseif lang == "zlw-slv" then override { -- vowels ["é"]="e", ["ó"]="o", ["ô"]="ɵ", ["ë"]="ə", ["ê"]="E", ["y"]="ɪ", ["ú"]="ʉ", ["ù"]="y", ["õ"]="ɔ̃", ["ā"]="aː", -- ãăĭŏŭ -- breves remain (FIXME: correct?) ["ń"] = "n", -- purely etymological } tsub(".", replacements) end if lang == "csb" or lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("ʂ", "ʃ") tsub("ʐ", "ʒ") end -- palatalization local palatalize_into = { ["n"] = "ɲ", ["s"] = "ɕ", ["z"] = "ʑ" } tsub("([nsz])([.ˈˌ]?)Ii", function (c, divider) return palatalize_into[c] .. divider .. "ji" end) tsub("([nsz])I", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] end) tsub("([nsz])i", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] .. "i" end) -- velar assimilation tsub("n([.ˈˌ]?[kɡx])", "ŋ%1") -- voicing and devoicing local devoice = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["ɡ"] = "k", ["z"] = "s", ["v"] = "f", ["ʑ"] = "ɕ", ["ʐ"] = "ʂ", ["ʒ"] = "ʃ", -- NOTE: was not here before but I think we need it for Polish; if we remove it, we have -- to add x manually to `T` below, the list of unvoiced obstruents ["ɣ"] = "x", ["R"] = "S", } local trilled_rz = lang == "csb" or lang == "zlw-slv" if not trilled_rz and lect then trilled_rz = lectdata.lects[lect].trilled_rz end if trilled_rz then devoice["R"] = nil end --if lang == "zlw-slv" then -- devoice["ɣ"] = "x" --end local voice = {} for k, v in pairs(devoice) do voice[v] = k end local function concat_keys(tbl, exclude) local keys = {} for k, _ in pairs(tbl) do if not exclude or not exclude[k] then table.insert(keys, k) end end return table.concat(keys) end -- Forward assimilation is only devoicing of <w> and <rz>. Backward assimilation both voices and devoices, -- but <w> and <rz> do not cause backward assimilation. (Since we do forward assimilation first, occurrences -- of <w> and <rz> following a voiceless obstruent should not occur in standard Polish when we do backward -- assimilation, but <rz> may occur in lects that have trilled <rz>.) Note that in the event of <w> and <rz> -- between a voiceless obstruent and a voiced one, forward assimilation will devoice them and then they will -- get voiced again by backward assimilation. local T_causes_forward_assim = concat_keys(voice) local T_causes_backward_assim = T_causes_forward_assim local T_gets_backward_assim = T_causes_forward_assim local D_causes_backward_assim = concat_keys(devoice, {v = true, R = true}) local D_gets_backward_assim = concat_keys(devoice) -- FIXME! The following operates only in Slovincian and I assume <w> and <rz> do not cause forward voicing -- assimilation. local D_causes_forward_assim = D_causes_backward_assim local transparent_liquid = "rlɫw" if trilled_rz then -- FIXME! I hope this is correct. transparent_liquid = transparent_liquid .. "R" end -- forward (progressive) assimilation of <w> and <rz>; proceeds left to right tsub_repeatedly(("([%s]ʲ?[.ˈˌ]?[%s]?ʲ?[.ˈˌ]?)([vR])"):format(T_causes_forward_assim, transparent_liquid), function(prev, cons) return prev .. (cons == "v" and "f" or "S") end ) -- forward (progressive) assimilation of [ɣ] and [x] in Slovincian; proceeds left to right if lang == "zlw-slv" then -- FIXME! Does this occur across an intervening liquid, as in Polish? tsub(("([%s][.ˈˌ]?)ɣ"):format(T_causes_forward_assim), "%1x") tsub(("([%s][.ˈˌ]?)x"):format(D_causes_forward_assim), "%1ɣ") end -- final devoicing if not data.is_prep then tsub(("([%s])(ʲ?)$"):format(D_gets_backward_assim), function (a, b) return devoice[a] .. b end) end -- Backward (regressive) assimilation. It both voices and devoices, and needs to proceed right to left -- in case of sequences of obstruents. The way to do that is to add a .* at the beginning of each pattern -- to replace so we do the rightmost cluster first, and then repeat till nothing changes. local prev_txt local devoice_string = ("^(.*)([%s])(ʲ?[._ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format( D_gets_backward_assim, T_causes_backward_assim) local voice_string = ("^(.*)([%s])(ʲ?[._ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format( T_gets_backward_assim, D_causes_backward_assim) local function devoice_func(prev, c1, c2) return prev .. devoice[c1] .. c2 end local function voice_func(prev, c1, c2) return prev .. voice[c1] .. c2 end while txt ~= prev_txt do prev_txt = txt tsub(devoice_string, devoice_func) tsub(voice_string, voice_func) end tsub("Y", "i") if lang == "csb" then tsub("([pbmfvkɡx])o", "%1wo") tsub("vw", "w") end if lang == "zlw-slv" then tsub("nj$", "n") tsub("nj([^" .. V .. "])", "n%1") tsub("ɲ([" .. V .. "])", "nj%1") tsub("ɛ$", "ə") end if trilled_rz then tsub("R", "r̝") end if lect ~= "mpl" then tsub("S", "ʂ") tsub("R", "ʐ") end if lang == "pl" then -- nasal vowels tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[pb])", "m%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[td]_[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[td])", "n%1") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[wl])", "%1") if data.match_pl_p_output then tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[kɡ])", "ŋ%1") tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N", "w̃") else tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[kɡxɣ])", "ŋ%1") -- For now, we have two outputs for final -ę for standard (nasal and non-nasal), but nasal-only -- for Middle Polish and non-nasal-only for all modern dialects. if not lect then tsub("ɛN$", "Ẽ") elseif lect ~= "mpl" then tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") end -- Turn this off for now; too simplistic. -- tsub("ɔN$", "Õ") tsub("N([.ˈˌ]?[ɕʑszʂʐ])", "Ñ%1") tsub("N", "w̃") end end -- Hyphen separator, e.g. to prevent palatalization of <kwazi->. tsub("-", "") tsub("_", OVERTIE) tsub("I", "j") tsub("U", "w") -- Handles stress. local function add_stress(first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset) local stressed_txt -- Return a regex that matches a syllable divider at the beginning of the appropriate syllable, where offset -- counts backwards from the penultimate (1 = antepenultimate, 2 = ante-antepenultimate, etc.). local function get_stress_regex(offset) local regex = "" for _ = 0, offset do regex = regex .. "[^.ˌ]+[.ˌ]" end return "([.ˌ])(" .. regex .. "[^.ˌ]+)$" end if first_penultimate_offset < 0 then -- Deals with initially stressed lects. stressed_txt = is_suffix and txt or "ˈ" .. txt else local stress_regex = get_stress_regex(first_penultimate_offset) stressed_txt = rsub(txt, stress_regex, function(syldiv, rest) if syldiv == "ˌ" then error("Attempt to assign primary stress to syllable already containing secondary stress: " .. txt) else return "ˈ" .. rest end end) -- If no stress mark could have been placed, it can only be initial, e.g. in monosyllables or a 3-syllable -- word when ante-antepenultimate stress is requested (e.g. [[szłybyśmy]]). Overly short suffixes (normally -- single-syllable, but also disyllabic if stress is antepenultimate, etc.) don't get stress; nor do words -- without vowels. if not stressed_txt:find("ˈ") and rfind(stressed_txt, ("[%s]"):format(V)) and (not is_suffix or rfind("[.ˌ]" .. stressed_txt, stress_regex)) then stressed_txt = "ˈ" .. stressed_txt end end if rfind(stressed_txt, "ˈˌ") then error("Attempt to assign primary stress to syllable already containing secondary stress: " .. txt) end if second_penultimate_offset then -- If the stress is farther back than penultimate and `second_penultimate_offset` is set, there is an -- additional variant with stress on the specified syllable (penultimate or sometimes antepenultimate, in -- the case of "ora" and "zag" lects with -śmy/-ście words not in -by-). We handle this by putting ALTSTRESS -- at both stress points and converting this later to two outputs with appropriate qualifiers. Note that -- this substitution may not succeed (e.g. if antepenultimate stress is called for but there are only two -- syllables); that is fine and just means we don't get two outputs in this case. stressed_txt = rsub(stressed_txt, "ˈ(.+)" .. get_stress_regex(second_penultimate_offset), ALTSTRESS .. "%1" .. ALTSTRESS .. "%3") end return stressed_txt end local should_stress = not (unstressed or txt:find("ˈ")) -- "Oscillating stress" lects have initial stress in some subvarieties; in others, normally penultimate, but -- antepenultimate or ante-antepenultimate in words with clitics (-by-, -śmy/-ście). (That is, they behave like -- standard Polish other than not having the colloquial penultimate stress with certain clitics.) local oscillating_stress = lang == "pl" and (lect == "ora" or lect == "zag") -- "Always initial stress" lects have initial stress in all subvarieties. local always_initial_stress = lect and lectdata.lects[lect].initial_stress local first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset if oscillating_stress or always_initial_stress then first_penultimate_offset = -1 -- initial stress else first_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset end if oscillating_stress then second_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset elseif always_initial_stress then second_penultimate_offset = nil else -- Standard Polish stress; if double_stress is set and the first (prescriptive) stress is antepenultimate or -- earlier, there's a second (colloquial) stress on the penultimate. second_penultimate_offset = penultimate_offset > 0 and double_stress and 0 or nil end if should_stress then txt = add_stress(first_penultimate_offset, second_penultimate_offset) end -- This must follow stress assignment because it depends on whether the E is stressed. if lang == "zlw-slv" and tfind("E") then txt = txt:gsub("([ˈˌ][^" .. V .. "]*)E", "%1i̯ɛ") txt = txt:gsub("E$", "ə") txt = txt:gsub("E", "ɛ") end if data.is_prep then txt = txt .. "$" end return txt, hyph end -- Determine number of syllables of a pronunciation. For this to work, there must be either stress marks or syllable -- divisions at each syllable boundary. local function count_syllables(pron) -- Convert prosodic boundaries to regular spaces; ignore stress markers at the beginning -- of a word; and then count occurrences of spaces, syllable dividers and stress marks. return 1 + ulen(rsub(rsub(rsub(pron:gsub(" | ", " "), " [ˈˌ]", " "), "^[%[/]?[ˈˌ]", ""), "[^.ˈˌ ]", "")) end -- Returns rhyme from a transcription. local function do_rhyme(pron) -- No rhymes for multiword terms. if pron:find(" ") then return nil end -- Combined list of single-Unicode-character vowels for all lects. FIXME: Consider using definition of V from above. -- DO NOT include multi-character sequences such as ɛ̃ ɔ̃ i̯ aː because that will mess everything up. The regex below -- looks for a sequence of non-vowels followed by a vowel and truncates the non-vowels. The above sequences have the -- vowel first, which means things will work out fine without the diacritics included among the vowel characters. local V = "aãăɒeɛɜɘiĭɨɪoõŏɔɞɵuŭʉy" return { rhyme = rsub(rsub(pron:gsub("^.*ˈ", ""), ("^[^%s]-([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1"), "[.ˌ]", ""), num_syl = { count_syllables(pron) }, } end --[[ Handles a single input, returning a table of transcriptions. Returns also a string of hyphenation and a table of rhymes if it is a single-word term. --]] local function multiword(term, lang, period, lect, match_pl_p_output) if term:find("^raw:%[.+%]$") then return {{ phonetic = term:gsub("^raw:", "") }} end local ipa, hyph term = rsub(term, "%s*,%s*", " | ") if term:find(" ") then -- TODO: repeated function lg(s) return s[lang] or s[1] end local prepositions = lg { { "beze?", "na", "dla", "do", "ku", "nade?", "o", "ode?", "po", "pode?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przy", "spode?", "u", "we?", "z[ae]?", "znade?", "zza", -- clitic conjunctions and adverbs "a", "i", "nie", -- clitic pronouns; less common variants with stress need an explicit stress mark (e.g. [[mi]] = variant -- of Greek letter [[my]] or the third note in a musical scale; [[go]] = the game of go; [[mu]] = the -- sound "moo" of a cow; note that [[ci]] is also a stressed pronoun, the nominative virile plural of -- [[ten]]) "mi", "ci", "cię", "go", "mu", "się", }, szl = { "bezy?", "na", "dlŏ", "d[oō]", "ku", "nady?", "ô", "ôdy?", "po", "pody?", "przedy?", "przezy?", "przi", "spody?", "u", "w[ey]?", "z[aey]?", "[śs]", "znady?" }, csb = { "beze?", "na", "dlô", "do", "kù", "nade?", "ò", "òde?", "pò", "pòde?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przë", "spòde?", "ù", "we?", "wew", "z[ae]?", "zez", "zeza", "zó", "znade?" }, ["zlw-slv"] = { "dlo", "dô", "na", "nade?", "przêde?", "przêze?", "przë", "pô", "pôde?", "sê?", "vô", "we?", "wôde?", "wù", "za" }, } local ipaparts, hyphparts = {}, {} local contains_preps = false local words = rsplit(term, " +") for i, word in ipairs(words) do if word == "|" then -- prosodic boundary, from a comma table.insert(ipaparts, word) if hyphparts[#hyphparts] then hyphparts[#hyphparts] = hyphparts[#hyphparts] .. "," else hyphparts[1] = "," end else local is_prep = false if word == "nie" and words[i + 1] == "ma" then is_prep = false elseif word == "ma" and words[i - 1] == "nie" then is_prep = true else for _, prep in ipairs(prepositions) do if (rfind(word, ("^%s$"):format(prep))) then is_prep = true break end end end contains_preps = contains_preps or is_prep local wordipa, wordhyph = single_word { txt = word, lang = lang, is_prep = is_prep, period = period, lect = lect, match_pl_p_output = match_pl_p_output, } table.insert(ipaparts, wordipa) table.insert(hyphparts, wordhyph) if i < #words then local separator = is_prep and "‿" or " " table.insert(ipaparts, separator) table.insert(hyphparts, separator) end end end ipa = table.concat(ipaparts) hyph = table.concat(hyphparts) local function assimilate_preps(str) local function assim(from, to, before) str = rsub(str, ("%s(%%$‿[ˈˌ]?[%s])"):format(from, before), to .. "%1") end local T = "fptsʂɕkx" assim("d", "t", T) assim("v", "f", T) assim("z", "s", T) if lang == "szl" then local D = "bdzʐʑɡ" assim("s", "z", D) assim("ɕ", "ʑ", D) end return rsub(str, "%$", "") end if contains_preps then ipa = assimilate_preps(ipa) -- Move stress before non-syllabic clitics attached with tie bar. FIXME: We should be using # or similar -- at string boundaries to avoid the need to substitute twice. local C = "[^" .. vowels .. "]" ipa = rsub(ipa, ("([‿ ])(%s+)‿([ˈˌ])"):format(C), "%1%3%2") ipa = rsub(ipa, ("^(%s+)‿([ˈˌ])"):format(C), "%2%1‿") end else ipa, hyph = single_word { txt = term, lang = lang, is_prep = false, period = period, lect = lect, match_pl_p_output = match_pl_p_output, } end local result = {{ pron = ipa, norhyme = false, }} -- Map over each element in `result`. If `from` is found in the element, replace the element with up to three -- elements, respectively replacing `from` with `to1` (with accent qualifiers `a1`), `to2` (with accent qualifiers -- `a2`) and `to3` (with accent qualifiers `a3`). If `to2` or `to3` are nil, no replacement is done for them. -- If `nr1` is true, this variant should not have rhymes generated; likewise for `nr2` and `nr3`. local function flatmap_and_sub_post(from, to1, a1, nr1, to2, a2, nr2, to3, a3, nr3) local any_change = false result = flatmap(result, function(item) if rfind(item.pron, from) then any_change = true local retval = { { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to1), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a1), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr1, } } if to2 then table.insert(retval, { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to2), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a2), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr2, } ) end if to3 then table.insert(retval, { pron = rsub(item.pron, from, to3), a = combine_qualifiers(item.a, a3), norhyme = item.norhyme or nr3, } ) end return retval else return {item} end end) return any_change end -- Replace the first ALTSTRESS with a syllable divider but not at the beginning of a word. local function stress_second(before_first, before_second) if before_first == "" then return before_second .. "ˈ" else return before_first .. "." .. before_second .. "ˈ" end end if lang == "pl" and lect == "ekr" then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", "o", {"pre-21^st c."}, false, "u", {"21^st c."}, false) elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "mpl" then if period == "early" then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", "r̝", nil, false) elseif period == "late" then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", {R = "ʐ", S = "ʂ"}, nil, false) elseif not period then flatmap_and_sub_post("[RS]", "r̝", {"16^th c."}, false, {R = "ʐ", S = "ʂ"}, {"17^th–18^th c."}, false) else error(("'%s' is not a supported Middle Polish period; try with 'early' or 'late'"):format(period)) end elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "ora" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, "%1ˈ%2.", {"Poland"}, false, stress_second, {"Slovakia"}, false) elseif lang == "pl" and lect == "zag" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, stress_second, {"north"}, false, "%1ˈ%2.", {"south"}, false) elseif lang == "pl" then flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)" .. ALTSTRESS .. "([^ ‿]-)" .. ALTSTRESS, "%1ˈ%2.", {"prescriptive"}, false, stress_second, {"colloquial"}, false) elseif lang == "szl" then flatmap_and_sub_post("O", "ɔ", {"non-Western"}, false, "ɔw", {"Western"}, false, "ɛw", {"Głogówek"}, false) end -- Two outputs from nasal before sibilant, if not converted to one above. flatmap_and_sub_post("Ñ([.ˈˌ]?)([szɕʑʂʐ])", "w̃%1%2", nil, false, function(syldiv, sib) return ((sib == "ɕ" or sib == "ʑ") and "ɲ" or "n") .. syldiv .. sib end, nil, true) flatmap_and_sub_post("Ẽ", "ɛ", {"normal speech"}, true, "ɛw̃", {"careful speech"}, false) -- Turn this off for now; too simplistic. -- flatmap_and_sub_post("Õ", "ɔw̃", {"standard"}, false, "ɔm", {"regional", "or", "dialectal", "proscribed"}, true) while true do -- Make all primary stresses but the last one in a given word be secondary. -- FIXME: Remove this. if not flatmap_and_sub_post("([^ ‿]*)ˈ([^ ‿]-)ˈ", "%1ˌ%2ˈ") then break end track("two-primary-stresses-in-word") end return result, hyph end -- Given a single substitution spec, `to`, figure out the corresponding value of `from` used in a complete -- substitution spec. `pagename` is the name of the page, either the actual one or taken from the `pagename` param. -- `anchor_begin`, if set, indicates that the match must be to the beginning of a word (it was preceded by ~). -- `anchor_end`, if set, indicates that the match must be to the end of a word (it was followed by ~). If there is a -- second return value, it indicates that the `from` is a Lua pattern and doesn't need to be pattern-escaped. local function convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, anchor_begin, anchor_end) -- Replace specially-handled characters with a class matching the character and possible replacements. local escaped_from = to -- If the entire single substitution spec is one of the special stress-controlling symbols (&, &&, +, etc.), -- place it at the very beginning of the pagename. We do this by returning a Lua pattern that matches the -- beginning of the string, using the %f notation. (%f[^%z] means a transition from %z, or the NUL character, to -- not-%z; strings are treated for this purpose as if they begin and end with a NUL character.) if escaped_from:find("^[+*^&]+$") then return "%f[^%z]", true end escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[.'\"]", "") -- Call the equivalent of pattern_escape() in [[Module:string utilities]] but leave out +, *, ^ and -, which we match below. local chars = { ["\0"] = "%z", ["$"] = "%$", ["%"] = "%%", ["("] = "%(", [")"] = "%)", ["."] = "%.", ["?"] = "%?", ["["] = "%[", ["]"] = "%]", } escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[%z$%%().?[%]]", chars) -- A special stress-controlling symbol (&, &&, +, etc.) that occurs in a single substitution expression but -- is not the entire expression matches the beginning of a word. (Contrast the case above when the symbol stands -- alone and matches the beginning of the entire term.) This makes it possible e.g. with an expression like -- [[Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna]] to write the substitution spec [&R] and have it work; it matches -- R at the beginning of a word and converts it to &R, which makes [[Republika]] have optional antepenultimate -- stress. This must precede other replacements esp. k -> [kc]+, otherwise the + will wrongly get matched. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("[&+*^]+", "%%f[%%a]") -- j can match against i in e.g. [[aikido]] respelled <ajkido> and [[apeiron]] respelled <apejron> escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("j", "[ji]") -- ń can match against n; in combination with the preceding, ńj can match against ni in e.g. [[Albania]] respelled -- <Albańja>. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ń", "[ńn]") -- k can match against c or cc in e.g. [[altocumulus]] respelled <altokumulus> or [[piccolo]] respelled <pikolo> escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("k", "[kc]+") -- A hyphen can match against a hyphen or nothing in the original. We have to take into account escaping the hyphen -- in the from side, adding a % sign in the replacement to escape the hyphen in the later rmatch, and escaping the -- percent sign in the replacement. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%-", "%%-?") -- A space can match against space or hyphen in the original, so e.g. [[agar-agar]] can use [ ] to respell it as -- <agar agar>. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub(" ", "[ -]") -- Middle Polish á can match against a, and similarly for é, ó, ḿ, ṕ, ẃ and b́. The latter is tricky because it's -- two characters in Unicode. (Even though ó exists in modern Polish, Middle Polish often has ó where the spelling -- has o, and sometimes vice-versa.) escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("á", "[aá]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("é", "[eé]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ó", "[oó]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ḿ", "[mḿ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ṕ", "[pṕ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ẃ", "[wẃ]") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("b́", "b́?") escaped_from = "(" .. escaped_from .. ")" if anchor_begin then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from end if anchor_end then escaped_from = escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end local match = rmatch(pagename, escaped_from) if match then if match == to then error(("Single substitution spec '%s' found in pagename '%s', replacement would have no effect"): format(to, pagename)) end return match end error(("Single substitution spec '%s' couldn't be matched to pagename '%s' (escaped_from: %s"):format( to, pagename, mw.dumpObject(escaped_from))) end local function apply_substitution_spec(respelling, pagename, parse_err) local subs = split_on_comma(rmatch(respelling, "^%[(.*)%]$")) respelling = pagename for _, sub in ipairs(subs) do if sub:find("%^") or sub:find("%$") then -- Changed to use ~ at beginning or end to avoid clashing with other use of ^; catch old uses track("old-anchor-symbols") end local from, escaped_from, to, escaped_to, anchor_begin, anchor_end if sub:find("^~") then -- anchor at beginning sub = rmatch(sub, "^~(.*)$") anchor_begin = true end local already_escaped if sub:find(":") then from, to = rmatch(sub, "^(.-):(.*)$") if from:find("~$") then -- anchor at end from = rmatch(from, "^(.*)~$") anchor_end = true end else if sub:find("~$") then -- anchor at end sub = rmatch(sub, "^(.*)~$") anchor_end = true end to = sub from, already_escaped = convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, anchor_begin, anchor_end) end if from then escaped_from = already_escaped and from or m_str_utils.pattern_escape(from) if anchor_begin then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from end if anchor_end then escaped_from = escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end escaped_to = m_str_utils.replacement_escape(to) local subbed_respelling, nsubs = rsubn(respelling, escaped_from, escaped_to) if nsubs == 0 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s didn't match processed pagename '%s'"):format( from, to, respelling)) elseif nsubs > 1 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s matched multiple substrings in processed pagename '%s', add " .. "more context"):format(from, to, respelling)) else respelling = subbed_respelling end end end return respelling end -- This handles all the magic characters <*>, <^>, <&>, <+>, <.>, <#>. local function normalise_input(term, pagename, paramname) local function check_af(str, af, reg, repl, err_msg) reg = reg:format(af) if not rfind(str, reg) then error(("The word %s does not %s with %s"):format(str, err_msg, af)) end return str:gsub(reg, repl) end local function check_pref(str, pref) return check_af(str, pref, "^(%s)", "%1.", "start") end local function check_suf(str, suf) return check_af(str, suf, "(%s)$", ".%1", "end") end if term:find("^%[.*%]$") then local function parse_err(msg) -- Don't call make_parse_err() until we actually need to throw an error, to avoid unnecessarily loading -- [[Module:parse utilities]]. require(parse_utilities_module).make_parse_err(paramname)(msg) end return apply_substitution_spec(term, pagename, parse_err) end if term == "#" then -- The pound sign stands simply for {{PAGENAME}}. return pagename elseif (term == "+") or term:find("^%^+$") or term:find("^&+$") or (term == "*") then -- Inputs that are just '+', '*', '^', '^^', '&', '&&', etc. are treated as -- if they contained the pagename with those symbols preceding it. return term .. pagename -- Handle syntax like <po.>, <.ka> and <po..ka>. This allows to not respell -- the entire word when all is needed is to specify syllabification of a prefix -- and/or a suffix. elseif term:find(".+%.$") then return check_pref(pagename, term:sub(1, -2)) elseif term:find("^%..+") then return check_suf(pagename, term:sub(2)) elseif term:find(".+%.%..+") then return check_suf(check_pref(pagename, term:gsub("%.%..+", "")), term:gsub(".+%.%.", "")) end return term end -- This converts the raw information, the arguments and pagename, into tables to be handed over to the IPA module. -- It is called externally by [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/testcases/driver]]. function export.get_lect_pron_info(terms, pagename, paramname, lang, lect, period, match_pl_p_output) if #terms == 1 and terms[1].respelling == "-" then return { pron_list = nil, rhyme_list = {}, hyph_list = {}, } end local pron_list = {} local rhyme_list = {} local hyph_list = {} local brackets = "/%s/" if lect then if lectdata.lects[lect].phonetic then brackets = "[%s]" end end -- Loops over the terms given as arguments. for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local respelling = term.respelling -- Handles magic symbols in the input. respelling = normalise_input(respelling, pagename, paramname) -- Obtains the transcription and hyphenation for the current index. local prons, hyph = multiword(respelling, lang, period, lect, match_pl_p_output) for i, pron in ipairs(prons) do if pron.phonetic then table.insert(pron_list, { pron = pron.phonetic, pron_with_syldivs = pron.phonetic, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = term.a, aa = term.aa, refs = i == 1 and term.refs or nil, }) else local bracketed_pron = brackets:format(pron.pron) table.insert(pron_list, { pron = bracketed_pron, pron_with_syldivs = bracketed_pron, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = combine_qualifiers(pron.a, term.a), aa = term.aa, refs = i == 1 and term.refs or nil, }) if not pron.norhyme then -- Make sure to pass a version of the pronunciation with syllable dividers. table.insert(rhyme_list, do_rhyme(pron.pron, lang)) end end end -- If a hyphenation value had been returned by multiword(), make sure it matches the pagename; otherwise -- don't add. FIXME: This should be smarter in the presence of hyphens in the lemma. if hyph and hyph:gsub("%.", ""):gsub("‿", " ") == pagename then m_table.insertIfNot(hyph_list, hyph) end end return { pron_list = pron_list, hyph_list = hyph_list, rhyme_list = rhyme_list, } end function export.get_lect_pron_info_bot(frame) local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, { [1] = {}, ["lang"] = { default = "pl" }, ["lect"] = {}, ["period"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only ["plp"] = { list = true }, ["match_pl_p_output"] = { type = "boolean" }, }) local termspec = iargs[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local retval = export.get_lect_pron_info( terms, iargs.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename, "[from bot]", iargs.lang, iargs.lect, iargs.period, iargs.match_pl_p_output ) if iargs.plp[1] then retval.plp_prons = {} for _, plp in ipairs(iargs.plp) do table.insert(retval.plp_prons, "/" .. require("Module:pl-IPA").convert_to_IPA(plp) .. "/") end end return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(retval) end function export.show(frame) local ilang = frame.args.lang if ilang == "pl" then lectdata = require("Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl") end local process_args = { [1] = {}, ["hyphs"] = {}, ["h"] = { alias_of = "hyphs" }, ["rhymes"] = {}, ["r"] = { alias_of = "rhymes" }, ["audios"] = {}, ["a"] = { alias_of = "audios" }, ["homophones"] = {}, ["hh"] = { alias_of = "homophones" }, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only ["indent"] = {}, } if ilang == "pl" then process_args["mpl_period"] = {} process_args["mp_period"] = { alias_of = "mpl_period" } for lect, _ in pairs(lectdata.lects) do process_args[lect] = {} end for alias, lect in pairs(lectdata.lect_aliases) do process_args[alias] = { alias_of = lect } end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, process_args) local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(ilang, true, "allow etym") local termspec = args[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local indent = args.indent or "*" local pronobj = export.get_lect_pron_info(terms, pagename, 1, ilang) local hyph_list, rhyme_list = pronobj.hyph_list, pronobj.rhyme_list local hyph_automatic = true local do_hyph local pl_lect_prons if ilang == "pl" then for lect, _ in pairs(lectdata.lects) do if args[lect] then if pl_lect_prons == nil then pl_lect_prons = {} end pl_lect_prons[lect] = export.get_lect_pron_info( parse_respellings_with_modifiers(args[lect], lect), pagename, lect, "pl", lect, args[lect .. "_period"] ).pron_list end end end if args.hyphs then hyph_automatic = false if args.hyphs == "-" then do_hyph = false else hyph_list = split_on_comma(args.hyphs) do_hyph = true end elseif terms[1].respelling == "-" then do_hyph = false else do_hyph = true end if args.rhymes then if args.rhymes == "-" then rhyme_list = {} elseif args.rhymes ~= "+" then rhyme_list = {} for _, rhyme in ipairs(split_on_comma(args.rhymes)) do if rfind(rhyme, ".+/.+") then table.insert(rhyme_list, { rhyme = rsub(rhyme, "/.+", ""), num_syl = { tonumber(rsub(rhyme, ".+/", "")) }, }) else error(("The manual rhyme %s did not specify syllable number as RHYME/NUM_SYL"):format(rhyme)) end end end end -- This deals with duplicate values in rhymes. if #rhyme_list > 0 then local temp_rhyme_list = {} local indices = {} for _, rhymeobj in ipairs(rhyme_list) do local index = indices[rhymeobj.rhyme] if index == nil then table.insert(temp_rhyme_list, rhymeobj) indices[rhymeobj.rhyme] = #temp_rhyme_list else local different_num_syl = true for _, ns in ipairs(temp_rhyme_list[index].num_syl) do if ns == rhymeobj.num_syl[1] then different_num_syl = false break end end if different_num_syl then table.insert(temp_rhyme_list[index].num_syl, rhymeobj.num_syl[1]) end end end rhyme_list = temp_rhyme_list end local m_IPA_format = require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full local parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(parts, text) end local do_collapse = false if pronobj.pron_list then if pl_lect_prons then do_collapse = true ins('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: {width}em; max-width:100%;"><span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;">&nbsp;</span>\n') end ins(indent .. m_IPA_format(lang, pronobj.pron_list)) end local em_length if pl_lect_prons then if do_collapse then ins('\n<div class="vsHide">\n') end local m_format_qualifiers = require("Module:accent qualifier").format_qualifiers -- First groups the lects into their lect groups. local grouped_lects = {} for lect, lect_prons in pairs(pl_lect_prons) do local lect_group = lectdata.lects[lect].group if grouped_lects[lect_group] == nil then grouped_lects[lect_group] = {} end table.insert(grouped_lects[lect_group], { code = lect, prons = lect_prons }) end -- And then displays each group in order. local maxlen = 0 local function display_lect(value, indentation) local formatted = ("%s%s %s"):format(indentation, m_format_qualifiers(lang, { lectdata.lects[value.code].name }), m_IPA_format(lang, value.prons) ) maxlen = math.max(maxlen, textual_len(formatted)) ins("\n" .. formatted) end for group_index = 1, #lectdata.lect_groups do local lects = grouped_lects[group_index] local group = lectdata.lect_groups[group_index] if lects ~= nil then if group.single_lect then display_lect(lects[1], indent) else -- Checks to indent Goral under Lesser Polish. additional_indent = "" if group.indent_with_prec then additional_indent = "*" if grouped_lects[group_index - 1] == nil then ins("\n*" .. m_format_qualifiers(lang, { lectdata.lect_groups[group_index - 1].name }) .. ":") end end -- Lect group header. ins("\n*" .. additional_indent .. m_format_qualifiers(lang, { group.name }) .. ":") -- The lects are sorted according to their <index> value. table.sort(lects, function (a, b) return lectdata.lects[a.code].index < lectdata.lects[b.code].index end) for _, lect in ipairs(lects) do display_lect(lect, "**" .. additional_indent) end end end end if do_collapse then ins('\n</div></div>\n') end em_length = math.floor(maxlen * 0.68) end if args.audios then local format_audio = require("Module:audio").format_audio local audio_objs = parse_audio(lang, args.audios, pagename, "audios") local num_audios = #audio_objs for i, audio_obj in ipairs(audio_objs) do if num_audios > 1 and not audio_obj.caption then audio_obj.caption = "音声" .. i end ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. format_audio(audio_obj)) end end if #rhyme_list > 0 then ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. require("Module:rhymes").format_rhymes { lang = lang, rhymes = rhyme_list }) end if do_hyph then ins("\n" .. indent .. " ") if #hyph_list > 0 then local hyphs = {} local seen_num_pron_syls if pronobj.pron_list then -- Compute the number of syllables for each pronunciation, for use below. seen_num_pron_syls = {} for _, pronobj in ipairs(pronobj.pron_list) do local pron = pronobj.pron_with_syldivs local num_pron_syls = count_syllables(pron) m_table.insertIfNot(seen_num_pron_syls, {pron = pron, nsyl = num_pron_syls}) end end for i, hyph in ipairs(hyph_list) do hyphs[i] = { hyph = {} } for syl in hyph:gmatch("[^.]+") do table.insert(hyphs[i].hyph, syl) end if pronobj.pron_list then -- Match each syllabification against the syllable counts of all pronunciations, since we don't have -- any alignment between the two. Only complain if the syllable count of the syllabification doesn't -- match the syllable count of any pronunciation. local num_hyph_syls = 1 + #(hyph:gsub("[^. ]", "")) local matched = false for _, num_pron_syls in ipairs(seen_num_pron_syls) do if num_pron_syls.nsyl == num_hyph_syls then matched = true break end end if not matched then local prons_and_sylcounts = {} for _, num_pron_syls in ipairs(seen_num_pron_syls) do table.insert(prons_and_sylcounts, ("%s:%s"):format(num_pron_syls.pron, num_pron_syls.nsyl)) end mw.log(("Syllable count %s for syllabification '%s' doesn't match pronunciation syllable count(s) %s for '%s'"):format( num_hyph_syls, hyph, table.concat(prons_and_sylcounts, ","), pagename)) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "" then ins(("[[Category:%s entries with Template:%s-pr with %s syllabification syllable count mismatch]]"):format( lang:getFullName(), ilang, hyph_automatic and "automatic" or "manual")) end end end end ins(require("Module:hyphenation").format_hyphenations { lang = lang, hyphs = hyphs, caption = "分綴" }) else ins("分綴: <small>[please specify syllabification manually]</small>") if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "" then ins(("[[Category:%s entries with Template:%s-pr without syllabification]]"):format( lang:getFullName(), ilang)) end end end if args.homophones then local homophone_list = parse_homophones(args.homophones, "homophones") ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. require("Module:homophones").format_homophones { lang = lang, homophones = homophone_list, }) end local ret = table.concat(parts) if em_length then ret = m_str_utils.gsub(ret, "{width}", em_length) end return ret end return export imvwevhy0ffpb0txnjmsv2nmukbwqqg 2 489345 2328208 2327232 2026-08-16T21:48:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* テスト */ 2328208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kuroco2k'''（雛宮黒狐ともいう）といいます。基本中立。議論が下手だから。 ==最近思うこと== #新規項目よりも既存項目の充実が大事であり、それが一段落するまで濫造に走ってはいけない。 ==配下ページ== *[[/二簡字]]（未完） *[[/朝鮮語基本語彙表]]（今作ってある分の赤リンクを作り終えたら続編も作る） ==Todo== #（進行中）漢検範囲内の訓立項 #（進行中）漢字項目のメンテナンス、異体字整理 #（進行中）漢字項目の立項 #（進行中）西夏文字項目の立項 ==独り言== #閩東語、閩北語にある「ṳ」などの文字たち。 #*ソート順に迷います。暫定的にはṳにy、e̤にoeを割り振ってます。将来的に提案できたらと思いますが、まだ実用的な段階に踏めてません。例えば、「[[用]]」の閩東語のソートはこれなら「oeyng6」になります。 #[[Template:kanji variants]]を使用してみたけど、ちょっとこの辺に困るなというところ: #*Unicode順に整列されてしまうので、意図した並びが崩れてしまう #*同じ文字を複数入れると反映されない（語義の違いとかで入れることがあるので...） #シソーラスの名前空間 #*多分現状だと記事にカウントされているので、別の名前空間として扱いたい。 ==リンク集(メモ)== *[https://hongkongvision.com/tool/cc_py_conv_zh 漢字→廣東話/粵語拼音轉換工具] **広東語のイェール式に変換してくれる。'''zi.toolsは粤拼'''。 *[https://www.wugniu.com/ 吳語學堂] **いわゆる呉拼というやつ。上海語は下記のでいいですが、方言とかを記述するときにない時が多いので使っている。英語版の標準表記。 *[https://wu-chinese.com/minidict/ 吴音小字典] **日本語版で、呉語の標準表記に使用される（主に上海語で）。 *[https://www.ydict.net/ 榕典] **閩東語方言に使っている。 *[[特別:特別ページ一覧]] **メモ用 *[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo/他言語版にあって日本語版にない項目]] **タスクリスト == チェック == *afr: "af",✅ *ara: "ar",✅ *bel: "be",✅ *bul: "bg",✅ *cat: "ca",✅ *ces: "cs", *chu: "cu",✅ *dan: "da",✅ *deu: "de",✅ *ell: "el",✅ *eng: "en", *epo: "eo",✅ *fao: "fo",✅ *fas: "fa", *fin: "fi",✅ *fiu: "krl",✅ *fra: "fr", *fry: "fy",✅ *gem: "gem-pro", *glg: "gl",✅ *gmq: "gmq-pro",✅ *hbs: "sh",✅ *heb: "he",✅ *hin: "hi",✅ *hun: "hu",✅ *hye: "hy",✅ *ido: "io",✅ *ina: "ia",✅ *ind: "id",✅ *ine: "ine-pro", *isl: "is",✅ *ita: "it",✅ *itc: "itc-pro", *jpn: "ja", *kor: "ko",✅ *lat: "la", *lim: "li",✅ *lit: "lt",✅ *mac: "mk",✅ *mkd: "mk",✅ *may: "ms",✅ *nld: "nl", *nno: "nn",✅ *nob: "nb",✅ *oci: "oc",✅ *pli: "pi",✅ *pol: "pl", *por: "pt", *roh: "rm",✅ *ron: "ro",✅ *rus: "ru", *san: "sa",✅ *slk: "sk",✅ *slv: "sl",✅ *spa: "es",✅ *sqi: "sq",✅ *swa: "sw",✅ *swe: "sv",✅ *tgl: "tl",✅ *tha: "th",✅ *tur: "tr",✅ *ukr: "uk",✅ *urd: "ur",✅ *vol: "vo",✅ *zho: "zh", ==テスト== {{#invoke:zlw-lch-IPA|show|lang=zlw-slv}} ==リスト一覧== {{rel-top|中国語}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- ! 声調番号 !! 声調名 !! 白話字（aを例として） !! 声調値（台北） !! 声調値（台南） |- | 1 || 陰平 || a || 55 || 44 |- | 2 (6) || 陰上 || á || 51 || 53 |- | 3 || 陰去 || à || 31 || 11 |- | 4 || 陰入 || ap/at/ak/ah || 32 || 21 |- | 5 || 陽平 || â || 14 || 25 |- | 7 || 陽去 || ā || 33 || 22 |- | 8 || 陽入 || a̍p/a̍t/a̍k/a̍h || 4 || 5 |} {|class=wikitable border=1 style="text-align: left;" ! 声調名 ! 白話字（aを例として） ! 声調値（苗栗腔） ! 声調値（新竹腔） |- |陰平 |â |24 |53 |- |陽平 |à |11 |55 |- |上声 |á |31 |24 |- |陰去 |a |rowspan="2"|55 |11 |- |陽去 |å |33 |- |陰入 |ap/at/ak |2 |5 |- |陽入 |a̍p/a̍t/a̍k |5 |2 |- |} （[[:w:白話字]]より、要所だけ） {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''名称''' | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''声調番号''' | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''符号''' | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''例''' |- | 上平 | 55 | ◌̆ | 君 '''Gŭng''' |- | 上聲 | 33 | ◌̄ | 滾 '''Gūng''' |- | 上去 | 213 | ◌́ | 貢 '''Góng''' |- | 上入 | <u>24</u> | ◌́ | 谷 '''Gók''' |- | 下平 | 53 | ◌̀ | 群 '''Gùng''' |- | 下去 | 242 | ◌̂ | 郡 '''Gông''' |- | 下入 | 5 | ◌̆ | 掘 '''Gŭk''' |} （[[:w:en:Bàng-uâ-cê]]より、要所だけ） {| class="wikitable" |+ KCRにおける声調符号 |- !番号 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |- !声調タイプ |陰平 |陽平 |上聲 |陰去 |陽去 |陰入 |陽入 |- !KCRにおける符号 | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˊ</span> ({{lang|mnp|á}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˆ</span> ({{lang|mnp|â}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˇ</span> ({{lang|mnp|ǎ}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;"> ̿</span> ({{lang|mnp|a̿}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˉ</span> ({{lang|mnp|ā}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">˘</span> ({{lang|mnp|ă}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˋ</span> ({{lang|mnp|à}}) |- |} （[[:w:en:Kienning Colloquial Romanized]]より、要所だけ） {{rel-bottom}} :{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:center" |- !呉拼!!声調番号 (Wikt)!!声調名!!調値!!方言大詞典調値 |- !1!!1!!陰平 |{{IPAfont|˥˧}} 53|| 陰平 ({{IPAfont|˥˧}} 53) |- !5!!2!!陰去 |{{IPAfont|˧˦}} 34|| 陰去 ({{IPAfont|˧˥}} 35)<br>陰上 ({{IPAfont|˥}} 55) |- !6!!3!!陽去 |{{IPAfont|˨˧}} 23|| 陽舒 ({{IPAfont|˩˧}} 13) |- !7!!4!!陰入 |{{IPAfont|˥ʔ}} <u>55</u>||陰入 ({{IPAfont|˥ʔ}} <u>55</u>) |- !8!!5!!陽入 |{{IPAfont|˩˨ʔ}} <u>12</u>|| 陽入 ({{IPAfont|˩˧ʔ}} <u>13</u>) |} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- |声調||陰平||陽平||上聲||陰去||陽去||陰入||陽入||長入 |- |声調番号||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8 |- |調値||˨˦ (24)||˨˩ (21)||˨˩˩ (211)||˧˥ (35)||˧ (33)||˥ (5)||˧ (3)||˥ (55) |- |方言大詞典調値||24||21||213||35||33||5||3||55 |} なお、ここでいう長入とは、入声であるが、白読によって、第6声とみなされないものをいう。 ko51clhu440v5yy9sjlluiots9r3uy9 0 498527 2328266 2028976 2026-08-17T01:41:54Z ふゆくれ 95641 2328266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|页|4}} {{kanji variants|頎=[[康煕字典体]]}} ===字義=== #「[[頎]]」の[[簡体字]]（『{{w|漢語大字典}}』掲載）。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ゲ,コン|漢音=キ,キン}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|qi2|簡=1}} {{yue-cat|kei4}} {{hak-cat|ki2}} {{hak-hl-cat|ki2}} {{nan-cat|ki5}} {{nan-tws-cat|ki5}} {{wuu-cat|ji3}} {{zh-han|m=qí,kěn|c=kei4|pfs=kì|hrs=ki|gd=ki2|mn=xm:kî|mn-t=ki5|w=6ji}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|기}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|kì|kỳ|khẩn|ạt}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|gb=717D|cns=14-5B2D|全={{全字庫|940845}}}} {{検字|倉頡=HLMBO|四角=7128.2}} {{字典|hdz=74361.120|vt=B05669-001}} jm5ky2dpjj4rjdxwxrg65v567y1csyc 0 508601 2328275 2055628 2026-08-17T02:06:30Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|fr|gibier}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{context|肉|lang=ja}} [[捕獲]]した[[鳥獣]]。その[[肉]]。 8ujsaqb3zh10l4tbeq0lwd4hobilea1 0 509222 2328267 2057262 2026-08-17T01:43:01Z 鍼灸 112313 2328267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきしょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきしょう}} #{{タグ|ja|職業}}[[宝石]]を[[売買]]する[[商人]]。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石屋|宝石店|宝飾店}} ah32thychu0kdssi45664yxh9el6dzk 2328268 2328267 2026-08-17T01:46:56Z 鍼灸 112313 2328268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきしょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきしょう}} #{{タグ|ja|職業}}[[宝石]]を[[売買]]する[[商人]]。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石屋|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} 36ks4ktcnqljr8ez4cn77ssp6qfufag 0 510370 2328365 2060307 2026-08-17T11:12:32Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2328365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しきたく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しきたく|[[しょくたく]]}} #[[いろつや]]。[[いろ|色]]や[[光沢]]。 #*赤沢の合流点附近に於ける{{ruby|椈|ぶな}}や{{ruby|水楢|みずなら}}の深林は、なんという潤いにみちた豊麗な'''色沢'''をもっていることであろう。<small>――{{Cite web|author=[[w:木暮理太郎|木暮理太郎]]|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001373/card56268.html|title=図書カード：秩父の渓谷美|publisher=青空文庫|year=1926|accessdate=2025-02-09}}</small> #*大小の相異は著しいけれども、植物のツシタマも形状曲線、ことに'''色沢'''がよほどよくあの貝に似ている。<small>――{{Cite web|author=[[w:柳田國男|柳田國男]]|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001566/card54331.html|title=図書カード：海上の道|publisher=青空文庫|year=1950|accessdate=2025-02-09}}</small> rv1dp5jymqyq1zr6qhgl51l4359e393 10 513329 2328228 2067323 2026-08-16T23:09:54Z Kuroco2k 84207 転送先を [[テンプレート:pl-pronunciation]] から [[テンプレート:pl-p]] に変更しました 2328228 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[テンプレート:pl-p]] pedzhyq2737eqp7xu59g86m4sbx2lqr 2 523399 2328184 2328144 2026-08-16T14:51:05Z Binarystep 64377 2328184 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ ==日本語== *[[アザーキン]] *[[サイエントロジスト]] *[[ブルーラズベリー]] *[[メタンフェタミン]] ==イタリア語== *[[paguro]] *[[serial killer]] ==英語== *[[alt.1der]] *[[alt.2600er]] *[[anteater dick]] *[[asswipe]] *[[blue raspberry]] *[[boatward]] *[[Boulderite]] *[[cannabev]] *[[chessman]] *[[chess piece]] *[[clam]] *[[copper-nickel]] *[[Cupid's disease]] *[[cupronickel]] *[[dairy-free]] *[[dairyless]] *[[dogette]] *[[drunkle]] *[[freeware]] *[[freezer]] *[[fruit juice]] *[[furry]] *[[gibbon]] *[[homomisia]] *[[Japanese chess]] *[[konbini]] *[[kupfernickel]] *[[lactose-free]] *[[love lotion]] *[[mauzy]] *[[mickey]] *[[Mont Blanc]] *[[myriad]] *[[nondairy]] *[[otherkin]] *[[paper driver]] *[[plurale tantum]] *[[serial kill]] *[[serial killer]] *[[smartphone]] *[[stylus]] *[[toilet paper]] *[[touch pen]] *[[westoid]] *[[yenny]] ==オランダ語== *[[furry]] *[[gibbon]] *[[plurale tantum]] ==カタルーニャ語== *[[clam]] ==古アイルランド語== *[[clam]] ==古英語== *[[clam]] ==スウェーデン語== *[[furry]] *[[grape]] *[[myriad]] ==スペイン語== *[[freeware]] ==チェコ語== *[[freeware]] ==デンマーク語== *[[grape]] ==フィンランド語== *[[grape]] ==フランス語== *[[entièrement]] *[[furry]] *[[gibbon]] ==ブルトン語== *[[a-bezh]] *[[adanv]] *[[amprevan]] *[[amprevanoniezh]] *[[anv-gwan]] *[[boued-touseg]] *[[c'hoari]] *[[penn-da-benn]] ==ポーランド語== *[[freeware]] ==ポルトガル語== *[[plurale tantum]] *[[serial killer]] ==ラテン語== *[[pagurus]] *[[plurale tantum]] 256i2cy2suirl353nmz0dih1qljnx2n 10 554711 2328257 2268982 2026-08-16T23:50:41Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328257 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記'''<!-- -->{{#if:{{{m|}}}|** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': {{#invoke:cmn-pron|py_pair|{{{m|}}}}} *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': {{#invoke:cmn-pron|py_wg|{{{m|}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{{z|}}}|n||*** '''[[注音符号]]''': {{#invoke:cmn-pron|py_zhuyin|{{{m|}}}}} *** '''[[w:国語ローマ字|国語ローマ字]]''': {{#invoke:cmn-pron|py_gwoyeu|{{{m|}}}}} *** '''[[w:通用拼音|通用拼音]]''': {{#invoke:cmn-pron|py_tongyong|{{{m|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ma|}}}|***:{{音声|zh|{{#ifeq:{{{ma|}}}|y|Zh-{{{m}}}.ogg|{{{ma}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{m-s|}}}|** '''[[:w:en:Sichuanese dialects|四川語]]''' *** '''[[:w:en:Sichuanese Pinyin|ピンイン]]''': {{{m-s}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{m-nj|}}}|** '''[[:w:南京官話|南京語]]''' *** '''南京漢語拼音''': {{{m-nj}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{m-x|}}}|** '''[[:w:en:Guanzhong dialect|西安語]]''' *** '''関中漢語拼音''': {{{m-x}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{c|{{{c-dg|{{{c-t|{{{c-yj|{{{c-yl|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}| ** '''[[広東語]]'''<!-- -->{{#if:{{{c|}}}|*** '''[[イェール式]]''': {{#invoke:yue-pron|jyutping_to_yale2|{{{c}}}}} *** '''[[:w:香港語言学学会粤語拼音方案|粤拼]]''': {{#invoke:yue-pron|jyutping_reshape|{{{c}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ca|}}}|***:{{音声|yue|{{{ca}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{c-dg|}}}|*** '''[[:w:h:東莞話|東莞語]]''': {{{c-dg}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{c-t|}}}|*** '''[[台山語]]''': {{{c-t}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{c-yj|}}}|*** '''[[:w:zh:陽江話|陽江語]]''': {{{c-yj}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{c-yl|}}}|*** '''[[:w:zh:玉林話|玉林語]]''': {{{c-yl}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mn|{{{mn-t|{{{mn-l|}}}}}}}}}| ** '''[[閩南語]]'''<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mn|}}}|*** '''[[福建語]]''' **** '''[[POJ]]''': {{#invoke:nan-pron|poj_display|{{{mn|}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mn-t|}}}|*** '''[[潮州語]]''' **** '''[[:w:en:Peng'im|ピンイン]]''': {{#invoke:nan-pron|pengim_display|{{{mn-t|}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mn-l|}}}|*** '''[[雷州語]]''' **** '''[[ピンイン]]''': {{#invoke:luh-pron|rom|{{{mn-l|}}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mna|}}}|***:{{音声|nan|{{{mna}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{px|}}}|** '''[[莆仙語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': {{#invoke:cpx-pron|rom_display|{{{px|}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{md|}}}|** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': {{{md}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mda|}}}|***:{{音声|cdo|{{{mda}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mb|}}}|** '''[[閩北語]]''' *** '''{{w|建寧ローマ字|KCR}}''': {{#invoke:mnp-pron|rom|{{{mb}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mba|}}}|***:{{音声|mnp|{{{mba}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{hn|}}}|** '''[[海南語]]''' *** '''{{w|海口語}}''' **** '''{{w|白話字|BOT}}''': {{#invoke:hnm-pron|rom|{{{hn}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pfs|{{{hrs|{{{gd|}}}}}}}}}| ** '''[[客家語]]'''<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pfs|}}}|*** '''[[:w:台湾客家語#四県腔|四県腔]]''' **** '''[[白話字]]''': {{{pfs}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{hrs|}}}|*** '''[[:w:台湾客家語#海陸腔|海陸腔]]''' **** '''[[:w:en:Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System|HRS]]''': {{{hrs}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{gd|}}}|***'''[[:w:梅県語|梅県語]]''' ****'''[[:w:en:Pinfa|ピンイン]]''': {{{gd}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{w|{{{w-mini|}}}}}}|** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[w:呉語#音韻|通用呉語拼音]]''': {{#if:{{{w-mini|}}}|{{{w-mini}}}|{{#invoke:wuu-pron|wugniu_to_minidict|{{{w}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{w|}}}|*** '''[[w:呉語#音韻|呉語学堂式ピンイン]]''': {{{w}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{wa|}}}|***:{{音声|wuu|{{{wa}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{g|}}}|** '''[[贛語]]''': {{#invoke:gan-pron|rom|{{{g}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{j|}}}|** '''[[晋語]]''': {{#invoke:cjy-pron|rom|{{{j}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{x|{{{x-l|{{{x-h|}}}}}}}}}| ** '''[[湘語]]''':<!-- -->{{#if:{{{x|}}}|*** '''[[:w:zh:長沙話|長沙語]]''': {{#invoke:hsn-pron|rom|{{{x}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{x-l|}}}|*** '''[[:w:zh:婁底話|婁底語]]''': {{#invoke:hsn-pron|rom|l={{{x-l}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{x-h|}}}|*** '''[[:w:zh:衡陽話|衡陽語]]''': {{#invoke:hsn-pron|rom|h={{{x-h}}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{sp|}}}|** '''[[桂南平話]]''': {{#invoke:csp-pron|jpp_to_rom|{{{sp}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{np|}}}|** '''[[桂北平話]]''': {{{np}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{hz|}}}|** '''[[徽語]]''': {{#invoke:czh-pron|rom|{{{hz}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{dg|}}}|** '''[[ドンガン語]]''': [[{{{dg}}}]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{mc|}}}|** {{#invoke:ltc-pron|retrieve_pron|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}<!-- 中古漢語を出力 -->{{#if:{{{oc|}}}|** {{#invoke:och-pron|retrieve_pron|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}<!-- 上古漢語を出力 --></includeonly><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_テンプレート|zhhan]][[カテゴリ:漢字 テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8qky0104ulm9p4aukkvk0ft57jpw989 2 556197 2328309 2312714 2026-08-17T04:35:24Z ふゆくれ 95641 2328309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ja|en-1|zh-1}} ==自己紹介== 2023年頃から2年ほどIPユーザーとして活動してきましたが、編集フィルターに引っ掛かることが増えてきたためwikipedia・wikibooksで用いているもののこちらでは殆ど使用したことのなかったこのアカウントを流用することにしました。過去の仮アカウント群は[[利用者・トーク:~2025-32841-32#*|こちら]]を参照。専門は電気系ですが、数学及び物理学・地球科学・生物学全般、国語学、近代文学、日本史、世界史、比較政治学、政治哲学、形式論理学などを齧っています。中国語は文意をとれるだけで聞いたり書いたり話したりするのは無理です。 ==to do== *日本語関連 **単漢字項目に関して、その漢字を含む熟語群の整備 ***「[[摳]]」を作業中、今後「[[弁]]」「[[祝]]」「[[灯]]」「[[煉]]」「[[標]]」「[[煮]]」「[[邈]]」「[[攢]]」「[[嗛]]」「[[蠆]]」「[[眶]]」「[[瑣]]」「[[畎]]」「[[瘵]]」「[[黴]]」「[[筦]]」「[[箭]]」「[[儗]]」「[[哭]]」「[[惺]]」「[[翹]]」「[[翅]]」「[[衈]]」「[[絁]]」「[[疆]]」「[[耆]]」「[[琦]]」「[[瑋]]」「[[玉]]」「[[玄]]」「[[魄]]」「[[喁]]」「[[扁]]」「[[勿]]」「[[難]]」「[[很]]」「[[汩]]」「[[氳]]」「[[熇]]」「[[枻]]」「[[檠]]」「[[鑊]]」「[[氿]]」「[[戹]]」「[[匜]]」「[[厝]]」「[[墊]]」「[[胾]]」「[[罾]]」「[[酺]]」「[[諑]]」「[[巋]]」「[[縗]]」「[[瘨]]」「[[鮧]]」「[[鰭]]」「[[蘸]]」「[[蔌]]」「[[旂]]」「[[嶸]]」「[[翏]]」「[[飆]]」「[[圮]]」「[[倜]]」「[[鈐]]」「[[瓊]]」「[[玦]]」「[[璿]]」「[[璇]]」「[[岧]]」「[[迢]]」「[[剡]]」「[[閫]]」「[[烘]]」「[[姝]]」「[[宸]]」「[[匾]]」「[[邐]]」「[[孌]]」「[[闐]]」「[[蓽]]」「[[隤]]」「[[甗]]」「[[巘]]」「[[錡]]」「[[搉]]」「[[絇]]」「[[沅]]」「[[芷]]」「[[紈]]」「[[帨]]」「[[盱]]」「[[掔]]」「[[曛]]」「[[閟]]」「[[窔]]」「[[蚖]]」「[[嚱]]」「[[騶]]」「[[頎]]」「[[狶]]」「[[觭]]」「[[攲]]」「[[禨]]」を予定 **[https://kotobank.jp/ コトバンク]にある同音異義語及び和語項目の整備 ***上記単漢字項目の作業と並行して行う **古典単語の追加 **齧ってる分野の専門用語の追加 **沖縄語のテンプレート整備（優先度低め） **アクセント核が複数ある場合の対応（できれば） *中国語関連 **{{temp|hak-pron}} ***北四県話・南四県話で発音が異なる場合の出力（「(拼音)」「ns:(拼音)」「n:(拼音1)/s:(拼音2)」のような入力） ***海陸話の区切り入力対応 ***梅県話で「 / 」（半角スペースありスラッシュ）で区切らないといけないのを「/」区切りでいけるようにしたい ***ソートキーの自動出力 **{{hnm}}項目の作成（英語版・中国語版にすら発音表記が記されてないため難航） **既存漢語項目の発音テンプレート適用 ***{{cpx}}, {{gan}}, {{hsn}}, {{cjy}}, {{zhx-sic}}, {{dng}}, {{mnp}}, {{nan-tws}}を対応完了 *その他 **漢字項目の整備 ***立項、最新フォーマットへの更新、熟語追加など **記号項目の整備 ***{{temp|symb}}/{{temp|symbol}}/{{temp|文字コード}}の適用など ==メモ== *kchはHakka as pronounced in {{w|クチン|Kuching}}のことらしい *立項予定の漢字↓ {{col3|lang=ja|敧|撝|庪|頍|惎|褘|褕|媵|巸|韡|墍|芰|攉|跱|佹|摽|犍|忡|惙|忼|鞈|顙|臊|漪|闑|穅|倊|浥|鯁|悻|顥|驄|荄|鵾|惛|憒|玢|憯|箠|惛|怓|緗|繒|瘱|櫩|潢|嶒|吰|嘈|𠨋|慸|薢|擿|擋|趯|豗|獃|儓|倀|嬥|剗|箑|翣|襜|墠|顓|遄|耎|狺|囷|嶔|嚾|窾|暵|諴|欿|睆|衎|喭|塍|坌|稊|荑|醮|咮|憃|嚅|綃}} sndhqsgmangmtb2iozijhet7o00nzhz 0 565962 2328244 2215065 2026-08-16T23:30:35Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328244 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{prefix|lang=pl|nad|zwyczajny|tr1=超過|tr2=平凡な}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|nad.|a=Pl-nadzwyczajny.ogg}} *{{kanahyoki|pl|ナドズヴィ'''チャ'''イヌィ}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{pl-adj}} #[[非凡]]な。 #:{{syn|pl|niezwykły|niebywały|nieprzeciętny|wyjątkowy}} #[[尋常]]で[[ない]]。[[非常時]]の。 #:{{syn|pl|ponadprogramowy|pozaseryjny|specjalny}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-adj-y|nadzwyczajn}} ===={{rel}}==== 副詞: *{{l|pl|nadzwyczaj}} *{{l|pl|nadzwyczajnie}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:Sobol1994}} 1se0fh5h72yyerlksa9hhibbfum1l23 2 568021 2328313 2284275 2026-08-17T05:32:00Z となりのふぁいやーくん 129376 [[利用者:となりのふぁいやーくん]]への転送ページ 2328313 wikitext text/x-wiki #転送 [[利用者:となりのふぁいやーくん]] 3uugbdu5vqjbjjgegt5b471kc8n7juc 828 577271 2328218 2204473 2026-08-16T22:19:00Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328218 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local headword_data_module = "モジュール:headword/data" local IPA_module = "モジュール:IPA" local labels_module = "モジュール:labels" local links_module = "モジュール:links" local parameters_module = "モジュール:parameters" local qualifier_module = "モジュール:qualifier" local references_module = "モジュール:references" local string_utilities_module = "モジュール:string utilities" local table_module = "モジュール:table" local template_styles_module = "モジュール:TemplateStyles" local utilities_module = "モジュール:utilities" local audio_styles_css = "audio/styles.css" local function track(page) require("モジュール:debug/track")("audio/" .. page) return true end local function wrap_qualifier_css(text, suffix) return require(qualifier_module).wrap_qualifier_css(text, suffix) end --[==[ Display a box that can be used to play an audio file. `data` is a table containing the following fields: * `lang` ('''required'''): language object for the audio files; * `file` ('''required'''): file containing the audio; * `caption`: Caption to display before the audio box; normally {"Audio"}, and does not usually need to be changed; * `nocaption`: If specified, don't display the caption; * `q`: {nil} or a list of left regular qualifier strings, formatted using {format_qualifier()} in [[モジュール:qualifier]] and displayed before the audio box and after the caption (and any accent qualifiers); * `qq`: {nil} or a list of right regular qualifier strings, displayed directly after the audio box (and after any accent qualifiers); * `a`: {nil} or a list of left accent qualifier strings, formatted using {format_qualifiers()} in [[モジュール:accent qualifier]] and displayed before the audio box and after the caption; * `aa`: {nil} or a list of right accent qualifier strings, displayed directly after the homophone in question; * `refs`: {nil} or a list of references or reference specs to add directly after the audio box; the value of a list item is either a string containing the reference text (typically a call to a citation template such as {{tl|cite-book}}, or a template wrapping such a call), or an object with fields `text` (the reference text), `name` (the name of the reference, as in {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo">...</ref></nowiki>}} or {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo" /></nowiki>}}) and/or `group` (the group of the reference, as in {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo" group="bar">...</ref></nowiki>}} or {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo" group="bar"/></nowiki>}}); this uses a parser function to format the reference appropriately and insert a footnote number that hyperlinks to the actual reference, located in the {{cd|<nowiki><references /></nowiki>}} section; * `text`: Text of the audio snippet; if specified, should be an object of the form passed to {full_link()} in [[モジュール:links]], including a `lang` field containing the language of the text (usually the same as `data.lang`); displayed before the audio box, after any regular and accent qualifiers; * `IPA`: IPA of the audio snippet, or a list of IPA specs; if specified, should be surrounded by slashes or brackets, and will be processed using {format_IPA_multiple()} in [[モジュール:IPA]] and displayed before the audio box, after any regular and accent qualifiers and after the text of the audio snippet, if given; * `nocat`: If true, suppress categorization; * `sort`: Sort key for categorization. ]==] function export.format_audio(data) local langname = data.lang:getFullName() local cats = { langname .. " 音声リンクがある語句" } local function format_a(a) if a and a[1] then return require(labels_module).show_labels { lang = data.lang, labels = a, mode = "accent", nocat = true, open = false, close = false, no_track_already_seen = true, } end return nil end local function format_q(q) if q and q[1] then return require(qualifier_module).format_qualifier(q, false, false) end return nil end local function make_td_if(text) if text == "" then return text end return "<td>" .. text .. "</td>" end -- Generate the full text preceding the audio box. local pretext_parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(pretext_parts, text) end local formatted_accent_labels, formatted_qualifiers, formatted_text, formatted_ipa formatted_accent_labels = format_a(data.a) formatted_qualifiers = format_q(data.q) if data.text then formatted_text = require(links_module).full_link(data.text, "term", true) end if data.IPA then local ipa_cats local ipa = data.IPA if type(ipa) == "string" then ipa = {ipa} end local ipa_items = {} for _, ipa_item in ipairs(ipa) do table.insert(ipa_items, {pron = ipa_item}) end formatted_ipa, ipa_cats = require(IPA_module).format_IPA_multiple(data.lang, ipa_items, nil, "no count", "raw") if ipa_cats[1] then require(table_module).extend(cats, ipa_cats) end end local has_qual = formatted_accent_labels or formatted_qualifiers if not data.nocaption then -- Track uses of caption (3=). Over time as we eliminate most of them, we can use this to find and -- eliminate the remainder. if data.caption then track("caption") end ins(data.caption or "Audio") if has_qual then ins(" " .. wrap_qualifier_css("(", "brac")) end end if formatted_accent_labels then ins(formatted_accent_labels) if formatted_qualifiers then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(",", "comma") .. " ") end end if formatted_qualifiers then ins(formatted_qualifiers) end if has_qual then if not data.nocaption then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(")", "brac")) end end if (formatted_text or formatted_ipa) and (has_qual or not data.nocaption) then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(";", "semicolon") .. " ") end if formatted_text then ins(formatted_text) if formatted_ipa then ins(" ") end end ins(formatted_ipa) if not data.nocaption then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(":", "colon")) end local pretext = make_td_if(table.concat(pretext_parts)) -- Generate the full text following the audio box. local posttext_parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(posttext_parts, text) end local formatted_post_accent_labels = format_a(data.aa) local formatted_post_qualifiers = format_q(data.qq) local formatted_references = data.refs and require(references_module).format_references(data.refs) or nil if formatted_references then ins(formatted_references) end if formatted_post_accent_labels or formatted_post_qualifiers then if formatted_references then ins(" ") end ins(wrap_qualifier_css("(", "brac")) if formatted_post_accent_labels then ins(formatted_post_accent_labels) if formatted_post_qualifiers then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(",", "comma") .. " ") end end if formatted_post_qualifiers then ins(formatted_post_qualifiers) end ins(wrap_qualifier_css(")", "brac")) end if data.bad then table.insert(cats, langname .. " terms with nonstandard or incorrect audio pronunciations") ins(" " .. require(qualifier_module).wrap_css("Note: this pronunciation may be nonstandard or incorrect: " .. data.bad, "bad-audio-note")) end local posttext = make_td_if(table.concat(posttext_parts)) local template = [=[ <tr>%s<td class="audiofile">[[File:%s|noicon|175px]]</td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%%;">([[:File:%s|file]])</td>%s</tr>]=] local text = template:format(pretext, data.file, data.file, posttext) text = '<table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;">' .. text .. "</table>" local stylesheet = require(template_styles_module)(audio_styles_css) local categories = data.nocat and "" or cats[1] and require(utilities_module).format_categories(cats, data.lang, data.sort) or "" return stylesheet .. text .. categories end --[==[ FIXME: Old entry point for formatting multiple audios in a single table. Not used anywhere and needs rewriting to the standard of format_audio(). Meant to be called from a module. `data` is a table containing the following fields: <pre> { lang = LANGUAGE_OBJECT, audios = {{file = "FILENAME", qualifiers = nil or {"QUALIFIER", "QUALIFIER", ...}}, ...}, caption = nil or "CAPTION" } </pre> Here: * `lang` is a language object. * `audios` is the list of audio files to display. FILENAME is the name of the audio file without a namespace. QUALIFIER is a qualifier string to display after the specific audio file in question, formatted using {format_qualifier()} in [[モジュール:qualifier]]. * `caption`, if specified, adds a caption before the audio file. ]==] function export.format_multiple_audios(data) local audiocats = { data.lang:getFullName() .. " 音声リンクがある語句" } local rows = { } local caption = data.caption for _, audio in ipairs(data.audios) do local qualifiers = audio.qualifiers local function repl(key) if key == "file" then return audio.file elseif key == "caption" then if not caption then return "" end return "<td rowspan=" .. #data.audios .. ">" .. caption .. ":</td>" elseif key == "qualifiers" then if not qualifiers or not qualifiers[1] then return "" end return "<td>" .. require(qualifier_module).format_qualifier(qualifiers) .. "</td>" end end local template = [=[ <tr>{{{caption}}} <td class="audiofile">[[File:{{{file}}}|noicon|175px]]</td> <td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">([[:File:{{{file}}}|file]])</td> {{{qualifiers}}}</tr>]=] local text = (mw.ustring.gsub(template, "{{{([a-z0-9_:]+)}}}", repl)) table.insert(rows, text) caption = nil end local function repl(key) if key == "rows" then return table.concat(rows, "\n") end end local template = [=[ <table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"> {{{rows}}} </table> ]=] local stylesheet = require(template_styles_module)(audio_styles_css) local text = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "{{{([a-z0-9_:]+)}}}", repl) local categories = data.nocat and "" or #audiocats > 0 and require(utilities_module).format_categories(audiocats, data.lang, data.sort) or "" -- remove newlines due to HTML generator bug in MediaWiki(?) - newlines in tables cause list items to not end correctly text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "\n", "") return stylesheet .. text .. categories end --[==[ Construct the `text` object passed into {format_audio()}, from raw-ish arguments (essentially, the output of {process()} in [[モジュール:parameters]]). On entry, `args` contains the following fields: * `lang` ('''required'''): Language object. * `text`: Text. If this isn't defined and neither are any of `gloss`, `tr`, `ts`, `pos`, `lit` or `genders`, the function returns {nil}. * `gloss`: Gloss of text. * `tr`: Manual transliteration of text. * `ts`: Transcription of text. * `pos`: Part of speech of text. * `lit`: Literal meaning of text. * `genders`: List of gender/number spec(s) of text. * `sc`: Optional script object of text (rarely needs to be set). * `pagename`: Pagename; used in place of `text` when `text` is unset but other text-related parameters are set. If not specified, taken from the actual pagename. ]==] function export.construct_audio_textobj(args) local textobj if args.text or args.gloss or args.tr or args.ts or args.pos or args.lit or args.genders and args.genders[1] then local text = args.text or args.pagename or mw.loadData("モジュール:headword/data").pagename textobj = { lang = args.lang, alt = wrap_qualifier_css("“", "quote") .. text .. wrap_qualifier_css("”", "quote"), gloss = args.gloss, tr = args.tr, ts = args.ts, pos = args.pos, lit = args.lit, genders = args.genders, sc = args.sc, } end return textobj end --[==[ Entry point for {{tl|audio}} template. ]==] function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local compat = parent_args.lang local offset = compat and 0 or 1 local params = { [compat and "lang" or 1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "en"}, [1 + offset] = {required = true, default = "Example.ogg"}, [2 + offset] = {}, ["q"] = {type = "qualifier"}, ["qq"] = {type = "qualifier"}, ["a"] = {type = "labels"}, ["aa"] = {type = "labels"}, ["ref"] = {type = "references"}, ["IPA"] = {sublist = true}, ["text"] = {}, ["t"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {alias_of = "t"}, ["tr"] = {}, ["ts"] = {}, ["pos"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["g"] = {sublist = true}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["bad"] = {}, ["nocat"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["sort"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, } local args = require(parameters_module).process(parent_args, params) local lang = args[compat and "lang" or 1] -- Needed in construct_audio_textobj(). args.lang = lang local textobj = export.construct_audio_textobj(args) local caption = args[2 + offset] local nocaption if caption == "-" then caption = nil nocaption = true end if caption then -- Remove final colon if given, to avoid two colons. caption = caption:gsub(":$", "") end local data = { lang = lang, file = args[1 + offset], caption = caption, nocaption = nocaption, q = args.q, qq = args.qq, a = args.a, aa = args.aa, refs = args.ref, text = textobj, IPA = args.IPA, bad = args.bad, nocat = args.nocat, sort = args.sort, } return export.format_audio(data) end return export kzeait0q3o2al5lou11euqeb7le6u08 2328220 2328218 2026-08-16T22:21:15Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328220 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local headword_data_module = "モジュール:headword/data" local IPA_module = "モジュール:IPA" local labels_module = "モジュール:labels" local links_module = "モジュール:links" local parameters_module = "モジュール:parameters" local qualifier_module = "モジュール:qualifier" local references_module = "モジュール:references" local string_utilities_module = "モジュール:string utilities" local table_module = "モジュール:table" local template_styles_module = "モジュール:TemplateStyles" local utilities_module = "モジュール:utilities" local audio_styles_css = "audio/styles.css" local function track(page) require("モジュール:debug/track")("audio/" .. page) return true end local function wrap_qualifier_css(text, suffix) return require(qualifier_module).wrap_qualifier_css(text, suffix) end --[==[ Display a box that can be used to play an audio file. `data` is a table containing the following fields: * `lang` ('''required'''): language object for the audio files; * `file` ('''required'''): file containing the audio; * `caption`: Caption to display before the audio box; normally {"Audio"}, and does not usually need to be changed; * `nocaption`: If specified, don't display the caption; * `q`: {nil} or a list of left regular qualifier strings, formatted using {format_qualifier()} in [[モジュール:qualifier]] and displayed before the audio box and after the caption (and any accent qualifiers); * `qq`: {nil} or a list of right regular qualifier strings, displayed directly after the audio box (and after any accent qualifiers); * `a`: {nil} or a list of left accent qualifier strings, formatted using {format_qualifiers()} in [[モジュール:accent qualifier]] and displayed before the audio box and after the caption; * `aa`: {nil} or a list of right accent qualifier strings, displayed directly after the homophone in question; * `refs`: {nil} or a list of references or reference specs to add directly after the audio box; the value of a list item is either a string containing the reference text (typically a call to a citation template such as {{tl|cite-book}}, or a template wrapping such a call), or an object with fields `text` (the reference text), `name` (the name of the reference, as in {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo">...</ref></nowiki>}} or {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo" /></nowiki>}}) and/or `group` (the group of the reference, as in {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo" group="bar">...</ref></nowiki>}} or {{cd|<nowiki><ref name="foo" group="bar"/></nowiki>}}); this uses a parser function to format the reference appropriately and insert a footnote number that hyperlinks to the actual reference, located in the {{cd|<nowiki><references /></nowiki>}} section; * `text`: Text of the audio snippet; if specified, should be an object of the form passed to {full_link()} in [[モジュール:links]], including a `lang` field containing the language of the text (usually the same as `data.lang`); displayed before the audio box, after any regular and accent qualifiers; * `IPA`: IPA of the audio snippet, or a list of IPA specs; if specified, should be surrounded by slashes or brackets, and will be processed using {format_IPA_multiple()} in [[モジュール:IPA]] and displayed before the audio box, after any regular and accent qualifiers and after the text of the audio snippet, if given; * `nocat`: If true, suppress categorization; * `sort`: Sort key for categorization. ]==] function export.format_audio(data) local langname = data.lang:getFullName() local cats = { langname .. " 音声リンクがある語句" } local function format_a(a) if a and a[1] then return require(labels_module).show_labels { lang = data.lang, labels = a, mode = "accent", nocat = true, open = false, close = false, no_track_already_seen = true, } end return nil end local function format_q(q) if q and q[1] then return require(qualifier_module).format_qualifier(q, false, false) end return nil end local function make_td_if(text) if text == "" then return text end return "<td>" .. text .. "</td>" end -- Generate the full text preceding the audio box. local pretext_parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(pretext_parts, text) end local formatted_accent_labels, formatted_qualifiers, formatted_text, formatted_ipa formatted_accent_labels = format_a(data.a) formatted_qualifiers = format_q(data.q) if data.text then formatted_text = require(links_module).full_link(data.text, "term", true) end if data.IPA then local ipa_cats local ipa = data.IPA if type(ipa) == "string" then ipa = {ipa} end local ipa_items = {} for _, ipa_item in ipairs(ipa) do table.insert(ipa_items, {pron = ipa_item}) end formatted_ipa, ipa_cats = require(IPA_module).format_IPA_multiple(data.lang, ipa_items, nil, "no count", "raw") if ipa_cats[1] then require(table_module).extend(cats, ipa_cats) end end local has_qual = formatted_accent_labels or formatted_qualifiers if not data.nocaption then -- Track uses of caption (3=). Over time as we eliminate most of them, we can use this to find and -- eliminate the remainder. if data.caption then track("caption") end ins(data.caption or "音声") if has_qual then ins(" " .. wrap_qualifier_css("(", "brac")) end end if formatted_accent_labels then ins(formatted_accent_labels) if formatted_qualifiers then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(",", "comma") .. " ") end end if formatted_qualifiers then ins(formatted_qualifiers) end if has_qual then if not data.nocaption then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(")", "brac")) end end if (formatted_text or formatted_ipa) and (has_qual or not data.nocaption) then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(";", "semicolon") .. " ") end if formatted_text then ins(formatted_text) if formatted_ipa then ins(" ") end end ins(formatted_ipa) if not data.nocaption then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(":", "colon")) end local pretext = make_td_if(table.concat(pretext_parts)) -- Generate the full text following the audio box. local posttext_parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(posttext_parts, text) end local formatted_post_accent_labels = format_a(data.aa) local formatted_post_qualifiers = format_q(data.qq) local formatted_references = data.refs and require(references_module).format_references(data.refs) or nil if formatted_references then ins(formatted_references) end if formatted_post_accent_labels or formatted_post_qualifiers then if formatted_references then ins(" ") end ins(wrap_qualifier_css("(", "brac")) if formatted_post_accent_labels then ins(formatted_post_accent_labels) if formatted_post_qualifiers then ins(wrap_qualifier_css(",", "comma") .. " ") end end if formatted_post_qualifiers then ins(formatted_post_qualifiers) end ins(wrap_qualifier_css(")", "brac")) end if data.bad then table.insert(cats, langname .. " terms with nonstandard or incorrect audio pronunciations") ins(" " .. require(qualifier_module).wrap_css("Note: this pronunciation may be nonstandard or incorrect: " .. data.bad, "bad-audio-note")) end local posttext = make_td_if(table.concat(posttext_parts)) local template = [=[ <tr>%s<td class="audiofile">[[File:%s|noicon|175px]]</td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%%;">([[:File:%s|ファイル]])</td>%s</tr>]=] local text = template:format(pretext, data.file, data.file, posttext) text = '<table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;">' .. text .. "</table>" local stylesheet = require(template_styles_module)(audio_styles_css) local categories = data.nocat and "" or cats[1] and require(utilities_module).format_categories(cats, data.lang, data.sort) or "" return stylesheet .. text .. categories end --[==[ FIXME: Old entry point for formatting multiple audios in a single table. Not used anywhere and needs rewriting to the standard of format_audio(). Meant to be called from a module. `data` is a table containing the following fields: <pre> { lang = LANGUAGE_OBJECT, audios = {{file = "FILENAME", qualifiers = nil or {"QUALIFIER", "QUALIFIER", ...}}, ...}, caption = nil or "CAPTION" } </pre> Here: * `lang` is a language object. * `audios` is the list of audio files to display. FILENAME is the name of the audio file without a namespace. QUALIFIER is a qualifier string to display after the specific audio file in question, formatted using {format_qualifier()} in [[モジュール:qualifier]]. * `caption`, if specified, adds a caption before the audio file. ]==] function export.format_multiple_audios(data) local audiocats = { data.lang:getFullName() .. " 音声リンクがある語句" } local rows = { } local caption = data.caption for _, audio in ipairs(data.audios) do local qualifiers = audio.qualifiers local function repl(key) if key == "file" then return audio.file elseif key == "caption" then if not caption then return "" end return "<td rowspan=" .. #data.audios .. ">" .. caption .. ":</td>" elseif key == "qualifiers" then if not qualifiers or not qualifiers[1] then return "" end return "<td>" .. require(qualifier_module).format_qualifier(qualifiers) .. "</td>" end end local template = [=[ <tr>{{{caption}}} <td class="audiofile">[[File:{{{file}}}|noicon|175px]]</td> <td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">([[:File:{{{file}}}|file]])</td> {{{qualifiers}}}</tr>]=] local text = (mw.ustring.gsub(template, "{{{([a-z0-9_:]+)}}}", repl)) table.insert(rows, text) caption = nil end local function repl(key) if key == "rows" then return table.concat(rows, "\n") end end local template = [=[ <table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"> {{{rows}}} </table> ]=] local stylesheet = require(template_styles_module)(audio_styles_css) local text = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "{{{([a-z0-9_:]+)}}}", repl) local categories = data.nocat and "" or #audiocats > 0 and require(utilities_module).format_categories(audiocats, data.lang, data.sort) or "" -- remove newlines due to HTML generator bug in MediaWiki(?) - newlines in tables cause list items to not end correctly text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "\n", "") return stylesheet .. text .. categories end --[==[ Construct the `text` object passed into {format_audio()}, from raw-ish arguments (essentially, the output of {process()} in [[モジュール:parameters]]). On entry, `args` contains the following fields: * `lang` ('''required'''): Language object. * `text`: Text. If this isn't defined and neither are any of `gloss`, `tr`, `ts`, `pos`, `lit` or `genders`, the function returns {nil}. * `gloss`: Gloss of text. * `tr`: Manual transliteration of text. * `ts`: Transcription of text. * `pos`: Part of speech of text. * `lit`: Literal meaning of text. * `genders`: List of gender/number spec(s) of text. * `sc`: Optional script object of text (rarely needs to be set). * `pagename`: Pagename; used in place of `text` when `text` is unset but other text-related parameters are set. If not specified, taken from the actual pagename. ]==] function export.construct_audio_textobj(args) local textobj if args.text or args.gloss or args.tr or args.ts or args.pos or args.lit or args.genders and args.genders[1] then local text = args.text or args.pagename or mw.loadData("モジュール:headword/data").pagename textobj = { lang = args.lang, alt = wrap_qualifier_css("“", "quote") .. text .. wrap_qualifier_css("”", "quote"), gloss = args.gloss, tr = args.tr, ts = args.ts, pos = args.pos, lit = args.lit, genders = args.genders, sc = args.sc, } end return textobj end --[==[ Entry point for {{tl|audio}} template. ]==] function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local compat = parent_args.lang local offset = compat and 0 or 1 local params = { [compat and "lang" or 1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "en"}, [1 + offset] = {required = true, default = "Example.ogg"}, [2 + offset] = {}, ["q"] = {type = "qualifier"}, ["qq"] = {type = "qualifier"}, ["a"] = {type = "labels"}, ["aa"] = {type = "labels"}, ["ref"] = {type = "references"}, ["IPA"] = {sublist = true}, ["text"] = {}, ["t"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {alias_of = "t"}, ["tr"] = {}, ["ts"] = {}, ["pos"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["g"] = {sublist = true}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["bad"] = {}, ["nocat"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["sort"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, } local args = require(parameters_module).process(parent_args, params) local lang = args[compat and "lang" or 1] -- Needed in construct_audio_textobj(). args.lang = lang local textobj = export.construct_audio_textobj(args) local caption = args[2 + offset] local nocaption if caption == "-" then caption = nil nocaption = true end if caption then -- Remove final colon if given, to avoid two colons. caption = caption:gsub(":$", "") end local data = { lang = lang, file = args[1 + offset], caption = caption, nocaption = nocaption, q = args.q, qq = args.qq, a = args.a, aa = args.aa, refs = args.ref, text = textobj, IPA = args.IPA, bad = args.bad, nocat = args.nocat, sort = args.sort, } return export.format_audio(data) end return export fnvcgy9qu58sozrrqbazuhasu13dio1 0 577783 2328242 2206865 2026-08-16T23:30:35Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* {{pron}} */ 2328242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kilo|kiló|kilö|kilọ|kiło|kíló|kíló-|kîlo|kîlo-|кіло|кіло-|кіло|кило|кило-|кило}} =={{L|sq}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|sq|prefix}} #{{タグ|sq|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|it}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|it|prefix}} #{{タグ|it|国際単位系|sciences}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 #:{{syn|it|chilo-}} =={{L|io}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|io|prefix}} #{{タグ|io|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|izh}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|izh|ru|кило-}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{izh-p}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|izh|prefix}} #{{タグ|izh|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|id}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|id|prefix}} #{{タグ|id|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|en}}== {{enum|en|hecto-|mega-|SI単位系|k}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|en|fr|kilo-}} < {{etyl|grc|en}} {{m|grc|χίλιοι}}。語源から見ると{{m|en|chili-}} か {{m|en|chilo-}}が正統だが、フランス語の時代に卑語 {{m|fr|chier}} との混同を防ぐためこの形になった。 ==={{pron}}=== *{{enPR|kĭl′ə-}} *{{IPA|lang=en|/ˌkɪl.ə-/|a=RP|a2=GenAm|a3=CanE|a4=AuE|a5=ScE}} **{{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-kilo-.wav|a=Southern England}} *{{IPA|lang=en|/ˌkəl.ə-/|a=NZE}} *{{IPA|lang=en|/ˌkɪl.o-/|a=InE}} *{{hyph|en|kil|o-}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{en-prefix}} #{{タグ|en|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 #:{{syn|en|chilia-}} #:{{ant|en|milli-}} #{{context|computing|非推奨|lang=en}} 1024倍 {{q|2¹⁰}}の。 #:{{syn|en|kibi-|Ki-|ki-}} ===={{usage}}==== *語義2の用法では死語だが、使用する人も多く存在する<ref name=BIPM>{{cite-book |year=2006年 |author=BIPM |title=Le Système international d’unités: The International System of Units |edition=8 |url=https://www1.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8.pdf#page=127}}</ref>。 ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:OneLook}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=iklo|Ilok|Loki}} =={{L|et}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|et|prefix}} #{{タグ|et|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:EKSS}} =={{L|eo}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|eo|prefix}} #{{タグ|eo|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:eo:PIV 2020|kilo}} *{{R:eo:ReVo}} =={{L|nl}}== {{wikipedia|kilo (SI-prefix)|lang=nl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|nl}} {{m|fr|kilo-}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{音声|nl|Nl-kilo-.ogg}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|nl|prefix}} #{{タグ|nl|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|ca}}== ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|ca|quilo-}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ca|fr|kilo-}} < {{etyl|grc|ca}} {{m|grc|χίλιοι}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|ca|prefix}} #{{タグ|ca|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===={{usage}}==== 本来カタルーニャ語アルファベットではkが存在せず、/k/の音を示すには qu を用いていた (={{m|ca|quilo-}}) が、国際標準の略語としてkが一般になったため、kilo-の形で書かれるようになった。保守的な人は現在も quilo- とすることがある。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:ca:IEC2}} *{{R:ca:GDLC}} *{{R:ca:DNV}} =={{L|sv}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|sv|prefix}} #{{タグ|sv|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:svenska.se|saob}} =={{L|es}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|es}} {{m|fr|kilo-}} < {{etyl|grc|es}} {{m|grc|χίλιοι}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|es|prefix}} #{{タグ|es|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 #{{context|computing|lang=es}} 1024倍 {{q|2¹⁰}}の。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:es:DRAE}} =={{L|sk}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|sk|prefix}} #{{タグ|sk|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:sk:SDK}} =={{L|sl}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{sl-IPA|kȋlo}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|sl|prefix|head=kȋlo-}} #{{タグ|sl|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:sl:Fran}} =={{L|sw}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|sw|prefix}} #{{タグ|sw|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|sh}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|sh|prefix}} #{{タグ|sh|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== * {{R:sh:HJP|el1vWRA%3D}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|cs|prefix}} #{{タグ|cs|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:cs:SSJC}} =={{L|da}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|da}} {{m|fr|kilo-}} < {{etyl|grc|da}} {{m|grc|χίλιοι}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|da|prefix}} #{{タグ|da|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|de}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|de|prefix}} #{{タグ|de|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|tr}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|tr|prefix}} #{{タグ|tr|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:tr:TDK|kilogram}} =={{L|nn}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|nn|prefix}} #{{タグ|nn|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:nn:OB|kilogram}} =={{L|nb}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|nb|prefix}} #{{タグ|nb|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:nb:OB}} =={{L|eu}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|eu|prefix}} #{{タグ|eu|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{hu-IPA}} *{{hyphenation|lang=hu|ki|lo}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|hu|prefix}} #{{タグ|hu|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|fi}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|fi}} {{m|fr|kilo-}} < {{etyl|grc|fi}} {{m|grc|χίλιοι}} ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-p}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|fi|prefix}} #{{タグ|fi|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 #{{context|computing|lang=fi}} 1024倍 {{q|2¹⁰}}の。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:KTSK}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|fr}} {{m|grc|χίλιοι}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-kilo-.wav|a=Vosges}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-kilo-.wav|a=Vosges}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|fr|prefix}} #{{タグ|fr|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 #{{context|computing|lang=fr}} 1024倍 {{q|2¹⁰}}の。 ===参考文献=== *{{R:fr:TLFi}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|pl|fr|kilo-}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-kilo-.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-kilo-.wav}} ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|pl|prefix}} #{{タグ|pl|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|pt}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|pt|prefix}} #{{alt form|pt|quilo-}} =={{L|lv}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|lv|prefix}} #{{タグ|lv|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|lt}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|lt|prefix}} #{{タグ|lt|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 =={{L|ro}}== ==={{prefix}}=== {{head|ro|prefix}} #{{タグ|ro|国際単位系}} [[千]]倍の。[[キロ]]。 p8jigcwpybif8tji5rhctjqxglgmbej 0 578370 2328237 2208316 2026-08-16T23:27:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Afryką}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{lbor|pl|la|Āfrica}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|&|a=Pl-Afryka.ogg}} ==={{name}}=== {{pl-prop|f}} #{{タグ|pl|アフリカ|sort=*|label=no}} {{タグ|pl|地理}} [[アフリカ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-f|num=s}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col2|pl|Afrykańczyk|Afrykanin|Afrykanka}} fhu5grqtdiseotvdbb9fzl30ff8avcx 0 585085 2328251 2267248 2026-08-16T23:35:45Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328251 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|csb}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|csb}} {{m|sla-pro|*velьblǫdъ}} 。{{doublet|csb|élefant}}。 ===={{cogn}}==== {{cog|cs|velbloud}} {{cog|pl|wielbłąd}} ==={{noun}}=== {{csb-noun|m-an|f=wielbłądnica}} {{topcat|csb|駱駝}} #[[駱駝]]。 #:{{syn|csb|kamel}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|pl}} {{m|sla-pro|*velьb(l)ǫdъ}}, {{m|sla-pro|*vъlьb(l)ǫdъ}} < {{etyl|got|pl}} {{m|got|𐌿𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃}} < {{etyl|la|pl}} {{m|la|elephantus}} < {{etyl|grc|pl}} {{m|grc|ἐλέφας}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-wielbłąd.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Gower-wielbłąd.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-an}} {{topcat|pl|駱駝}} #[[駱駝]]。 #{{context|humorous|lang=pl}} 大[[失態]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col2|pl|wielbłądzi|wielbłądka}} oqdjqr9sderdtmvwb6m6vywe09cz2pk 0 592435 2328212 2299103 2026-08-16T22:10:20Z Shishinó Mígami 120892 2328212 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|xcl|hy}} {{m|xcl|չէ}}から。 ==={{pron}}=== {{hy-IPA}} *{{音声|hy|LL-Q8785 (hye)-Veravi95-չէ.wav|a=hy-W}} *{{hyph|hy|չէ}} ===応答詞=== {{hy-interj}} #{{context|informal|lang=hy}} [[いいえ]]。 ===={{syn}}==== # {{l|hy|ոչ}} {{タグ|hy|やや改まった表現|丁寧}} ===={{ant}}==== # {{l|hy|հա}} {{タグ|hy|informal}} # {{l|hy|այո}} {{タグ|hy|やや改まった表現|丁寧}} 4n6cktrr3587s9unikw582gmr088a84 0 594858 2328234 2298614 2026-08-16T23:25:48Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* {{pron}} */ 2328234 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|en|business|-man}}。早期英語の{{m|en|merchant}}を置き換えた形。 ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|/ˈbɪznəsmən/|/ˈbɪznɪsmən/|a=UK}} * {{IPA|lang=en|/ˈbɪznəsmæn/|/ˈbɪznəsmən/|a=US}} * {{音声|en|en-us-businessman.ogg|a=US}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|businessmen|irr=1}} #[[実業家]]、[[実業者]]。 #:{{syn|en|businessperson}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|ga|fear gnó|clq=1}} * {{desc|sk|biznismen|bor=1}} * {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}} *: {{desc|sh|бѝзнисмен}} *: {{desc|sh|bìznismen}} * {{desc|ja|ビジネスマン|bor=1}} * {{desc|fr|businessman|bor=1}} * {{desc|pl|biznesmen|bor=1}} * {{desc|mk|би́знисмен|bor=1}} * {{desc|ro|businessman|bor=1}} * {{desctree|ru|бизнесме́н|tr=biznɛsmén|bor=1}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor+|fr|en|businessman}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{fr-IPA|bisenessemane}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-businessman.wav|a=Lyon}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m|pl=businessmen|pl2=businessmans|f=businesswoman}} #[[実業家]]、[[実業者]]。 =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{ubor|fr|en|businessman}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|'biz.nes.men,biznesmen|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-businessman.wav|h=busi.ness.man}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-pr|f=businesswoman}} #{{alt sp|pl|biznesmen}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-m-pr}} =={{L|ro}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor+|ro|en|businessman}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ro-noun|m|businessmeni}} #[[実業家]]、[[実業者]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ro-noun-m|pl=businessmeni}} r1j56t7jo8giyfin43rx9yx6su6hsxf 1 601944 2328224 2325487 2026-08-16T22:33:37Z Naggy Nagumo 12105 /* 執筆方針を満たす？ */ 返信 2328224 wikitext text/x-wiki == 執筆方針を満たす？ == 私は世界史選択じゃないのでいまいちわからないのですが、これらって[[Wiktionary:編集方針#人名・団体名及び芸術作品名の扱い]]を満たすのでしょうか？--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年8月16日 (日) 00:11 (UTC) :{{コメント}} 日本語訳を見る限り今の編集方針には合っていないように見えます。ネットで調べた情報から読み取る限りは、政治・宗教組織の名前ということらしい。おそらく一般常識的な政党名というわけではなく、現代イラン政治の派閥の一つだと思います。あと、削除される運命ならあまり関係ありませんが、1文字だけアラビア文字が混じっているのが気になります（Web検索がうまくいかなくて気づいた）。--[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo|Naggy Nagumo]] ([[利用者・トーク:Naggy Nagumo|トーク]]) 2026年8月16日 (日) 22:33 (UTC) mxdr6r64ueab1iidb8mffkrwpnd1pko 0 602537 2328185 2327823 2026-08-16T15:16:15Z TAKA647 91604 2328185 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|人|8}} {{kanji variants|裸=[[正字]]|𬾛|㒩}} ===意義=== #「[[裸]]」の[[同字]]（『{{w|漢語大字典}}』掲載）。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-14-32/2-17-58|mj={{mjmoji|006869}}|gb=D9C0|cns=3-2F51|big5=93F5|全={{全字庫|208721}}|ksx=1002-5D73|kps=10721-35B0}} {{検字|蒼頡=OWD|四角=2629.0}} {{字典|新潮漢字=11645|諸橋=797|新大字典=603|大字源=352|大漢語林=453|dj=0232.050|hdz=10177.030|康煕=0109.070|matthews=4108|ch=115.301}} g9d671xk379mfju0j1egl2w6it552vv 0 602710 2328161 2026-08-16T12:24:45Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|てんかん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[てんかん]]}} #[[天子]]に仕える[[官吏]]。 #[[中国]][[周]]代の[[官職]]の一つ。[[国政]]を[[総括]]し、[[宮中]]のことを司った官吏の総称。」 2328161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|てんかん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[てんかん]]}} #[[天子]]に仕える[[官吏]]。 #[[中国]][[周]]代の[[官職]]の一つ。[[国政]]を[[総括]]し、[[宮中]]のことを司った官吏の総称。 1dzofekmmbrxiy3cbieq3oftuvvwnqp 0 602711 2328163 2026-08-16T12:37:53Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんた}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[はんた]]}} #[[煩雑]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}}」 2328163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんた}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[はんた]]}} #[[煩雑]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}} pl1z8w49yp1tpt5j0rmgay31xnl0rkq 0 602712 2328164 2026-08-16T12:44:15Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|はんだ|ばんた|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[万朶]]】たくさんの垂れ下がった枝。」 2328164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|はんだ|ばんた|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[万朶]]】たくさんの垂れ下がった枝。 j08hv5venjy8zp52qab6rvlyhixgv09 0 602713 2328167 2026-08-16T12:49:50Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|はんだ|ばんだ|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[番太]]】江戸時代、町の番をした者。」 2328167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|はんだ|ばんだ|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[番太]]】江戸時代、町の番をした者。 eq5oaayxmsalqp6q4a5rr9ezl3yx5i5 0 602714 2328168 2026-08-16T12:52:38Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|ばんた|ばんだ|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[煩多]]】煩雑なこと。 *【[[繁多]]】多忙なこと。」 2328168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんた|ばんた|ばんだ|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[煩多]]】煩雑なこと。 *【[[繁多]]】多忙なこと。 5d26iqe8d3a6piveb9y72bmn2d2c3ae 2328169 2328168 2026-08-16T12:52:53Z うーむ 129171 2328169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんだ|ばんた|ばんだ|パンダ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[煩多]]】煩雑なこと。 *【[[繁多]]】多忙なこと。 nqsd8ktru0n4oinwwsk02i9fskywrqa 0 602715 2328170 2026-08-16T13:02:48Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうあんけいさつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|こうあんけいさつ}} #警察組織のうち[[社会]]の[[安全]]と[[秩序]][[維持]]を[[目的]]とする[[警察]]の[[組織]]や[[活動]]。」 2328170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうあんけいさつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|こうあんけいさつ}} #警察組織のうち[[社会]]の[[安全]]と[[秩序]][[維持]]を[[目的]]とする[[警察]]の[[組織]]や[[活動]]。 mf2jt5t1v56papl0b29dhv1oifi6ron 2328171 2328170 2026-08-16T13:03:26Z うーむ 129171 2328171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうあんけいさつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|こうあんけいさつ}} #警察組織のうち[[社会]]の[[安全]]と[[秩序]][[維持]]を[[目的]]とする[[警察]]の[[組織]]や[[活動]]。[[警備警察]]。 cn2saaddwhwcmtlyrc9v3inmjyc3pib 0 602716 2328172 2026-08-16T13:04:50Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいびけいさつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けいびけいさつ}} #「[[公安警察]]」を[[参照]]。」 2328172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいびけいさつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|けいびけいさつ}} #「[[公安警察]]」を[[参照]]。 dc3b5zs10wcvpjitiyxgegzudvwqllq 0 602717 2328173 2026-08-16T14:09:54Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はちがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[ハチ学]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はちがく|[[ほうがく]]}} #[[はち|蜂]]について[[研究]]する[[学問]]。[[昆虫学]]の一種。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|melittology}} {{trans-bottom}}」 2328173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はちがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[ハチ学]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はちがく|[[ほうがく]]}} #[[はち|蜂]]について[[研究]]する[[学問]]。[[昆虫学]]の一種。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|melittology}} {{trans-bottom}} qpwzjq16nl1yu9hhcqdou9qzolh6de1 0 602718 2328177 2026-08-16T14:14:01Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[法学者]]】：[[法学]]について[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 *【[[蜂学者]]】：[[蜂学]]について研究する科学者。」 2328177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[法学者]]】：[[法学]]について[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 *【[[蜂学者]]】：[[蜂学]]について研究する科学者。 n17rykex8l8h1mx77kuxadupdxfmen2 0 602719 2328179 2026-08-16T14:15:44Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はちがくしゃ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はちがくしゃ|[[ほうがくしゃ]]}} #{{タグ|ja|科学者}}[[蜂学]]について[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|melittologist}} {{trans-bottom}}」 2328179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はちがくしゃ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|はちがくしゃ|[[ほうがくしゃ]]}} #{{タグ|ja|科学者}}[[蜂学]]について[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|melittologist}} {{trans-bottom}} rwcp4nfyre9dl8owosbhkbgz4pp2m1c 0 602720 2328180 2026-08-16T14:18:58Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|みつばちがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[ミツバチ学]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|みつばちがく}} #[[みつばち|蜜蜂]]について[[研究]]する[[蜂学]]の一分野。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|apiology}} {{trans-bottom}}」 2328180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|みつばちがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[ミツバチ学]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|みつばちがく}} #[[みつばち|蜜蜂]]について[[研究]]する[[蜂学]]の一分野。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|apiology}} {{trans-bottom}} kx4lejkskejuhxk93g30r6ab9ditukh 2328181 2328180 2026-08-16T14:19:43Z 鍼灸 112313 2328181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|みつばちがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[ミツバチ学]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|みつばちがく}} #[[みつばち|蜜蜂]]について[[研究]]する[[蜂学]]の一分野。 [[Category:{{ja}}_昆虫学]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|apiology}} {{trans-bottom}} 5n4a6ihikm5b3b57hb31c5du271k2bt 0 602721 2328182 2026-08-16T14:21:22Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|みつばちがくしゃ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|みつばちがくしゃ}} #{{タグ|ja|科学者}}[[蜜蜂学]]について[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|apiologist}} {{trans-bottom}}」 2328182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|みつばちがくしゃ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|みつばちがくしゃ}} #{{タグ|ja|科学者}}[[蜜蜂学]]について[[研究]]する[[科学者]]。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|apiologist}} {{trans-bottom}} 1tnsfepqoa6yofausa1gnsgt6ozb6bz 0 602722 2328183 2026-08-16T14:50:35Z Binarystep 64377 ページの作成:「=={{L|br}}== [[File:Amanita muscaria (06).jpg|thumb|right]] ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|br|boued|t1=食べ物|touseg|t2=ヒキガエル}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|bweˈtusːek|lang=br}} ==={{noun}}=== {{br-noun|m}} #{{context|菌類|lang=br}}[[きのこ]]。 #:{{syn|br|kabell-touseg|potiron|skabell-touseg|tog-touseg}}」 2328183 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|br}}== [[File:Amanita muscaria (06).jpg|thumb|right]] ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|br|boued|t1=食べ物|touseg|t2=ヒキガエル}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|bweˈtusːek|lang=br}} ==={{noun}}=== {{br-noun|m}} #{{context|菌類|lang=br}}[[きのこ]]。 #:{{syn|br|kabell-touseg|potiron|skabell-touseg|tog-touseg}} 09xs0f1ic4tgv5gxg0tyaum017zo9hp 0 602723 2328186 2026-08-16T16:35:48Z らみるな 126633 /* */ 新規作成 2328186 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|口|11}} ===意義=== # [[台湾]]の[[人名]][[用字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} hqtvjo58xdnf4lndxx7iqqp48olxcdd 2328259 2328186 2026-08-16T23:52:08Z ふゆくれ 95641 2328259 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|口|11}} {{kanji variants|啙=字義2}} ===字義=== #(hào) [[台湾]]の[[人名]][[用字]]。 #(zǐ, cǐ) 「[[啙]]」の[[同字]]（『漢典』掲載）。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|hao4}} {{zh-han|m=hào,zǐ,cǐ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|cns=15-472B|全={{全字庫|1001259}}}} {{検字|倉頡=HRHGR}} atkm337eymlomg2ob8rshe3x9s3pgco 0 602724 2328187 2026-08-16T17:24:28Z M-30722 1202 [[enел]]より 2328187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|эл|ёл}} =={{L|udi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|udi|noun}} #{{タグ|udi|調味料}}{{ふりがな|塩|しお}}。 =={{L|kk}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|qwm|kk}} < {{etyl|trk-cmn-pro|kk}} {{m|trk-cmn-pro|*ēl}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|kk}} {{m|trk-pro|*ēl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=kk|/el/|[je̘lʲ]}} * {{hyph|kk|ел}} ==={{noun}}=== {{kk-noun}} #[[民衆]]、[[大衆]]。 #:{{syn|kk|бұқара|жұрт|халық|халайық}} #{{ふりがな|国|くに}}、[[国家]]。 #:{{syn|kk|держава|мемлекет|отан|штат}} {{kk-noun-c|е|л}} =={{L|kum}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|kum}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{kum-noun}} #{{topcat|kum|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 #{{タグ|kum|生理学}}[[腸]]の[[ガス]]。 {{kum-decl-noun}} =={{L|tt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|tt}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tt|noun}} #{{タグ|tt|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 {{tt-cyrl-decl|ы}} =={{L|nog}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|nog}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nog-noun}} #{{topcat|nog|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 =={{L|ba}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|ba}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=ba|[jɪ̞l]}} * {{音声|ba|Ba-ел.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|ел}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ba-noun}} #{{topcat|ba|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|ba|хәйерсегә ел ҡаршы}} =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{ru-IPA}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ru|verb form}} #{{l|ru|есть}}の直説法過去男性単数形。 cnj54bs38sz5th8xpuh7wklq6tb8k8i 0 602725 2328188 2026-08-16T17:30:21Z M-30722 1202 [[en:җил]]より 2328188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|жил}} =={{L|xal}}== {{xal-variant|җил|ᠴᡅᠯ}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|xwo|xal}} {{m|xwo|ᠴᡅᠯ}} < {{etyl|xgn-pro|xal}} {{m|xgn-pro|*ǯil}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|xal}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=xal|/dʒil/|[d̥͡ʑ̥iʎ(ə́)]}} ==={{noun}}=== {{xal-noun|pl1= җилмүд}} #{{タグ|xal|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|xal|он}} =={{L|tt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|tt}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tt|noun}} #{{topcat|tt|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}、[[強風]]。 {{tt-cyrl-decl|и}} nf739bt7uatumo4rccvgtmbqmmvrlsd 10 602726 2328189 2026-08-16T17:31:09Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2328189 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>オイラート文語</onlyinclude>[[カテゴリ:言語表記テンプレート|{{PAGENAME}}]][[カテゴリ:ISO 639-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] tlz2wjo90ol1t8krsdcdcvmsw4i9ic5 10 602727 2328190 2026-08-16T17:33:15Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2328190 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="floatright wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! キリル文字 ! トド文字 |- | {{l-self|xal|{{{1|}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{l-self|xwo|{{{2|}}}}}}} |}<noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{xal}}_テンプレート]]カルムイク語の各文字の表記を示すテンプレート。引数1にキリル文字、引数2にトド文字を入力する。</noinclude> bmkvfujr6cujxxlxuriz3xqis1foeul 0 602728 2328191 2026-08-16T17:39:52Z M-30722 1202 [[en:жил]]より 2328191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|җил|жыл}} =={{L|ug}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=ug|ʒil}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ug-noun}} #{{l|ug|يىل}}のキリル文字表記。 =={{L|tab}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tab|noun}} #[[地面]]、[[土壌]]。 =={{L|mn}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{mn-variant|ᠵᠢᠯ|жил}} {{etyl|xgn-pro|mn}} {{m|xgn-pro|*jil}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|mn}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{pron}}=== {{mn-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{mn-noun|pl=жилүүд}} #{{タグ|mn|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 {{mn-decl|жил<r>}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|mn|өндөр жил}} * {{l|mn|жилийн}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|mn|он}} =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{ru-IPA}} * {{rhymes|lang=ru|ɨl|s=1}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ru|verb form|女性|жила|中性|жило}} #{{l|ru|жить}}の直説法過去男性単数形。 ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|g=f-in-p|g2=m-an-p|g3=f-an-p}} #{{l|ru|жи́ла}}の複数生格。 #{{l|ru|жи́ла}}の活動体複数対格。 9c9hcr8qz6cm90o41xvjw42xb8sf5dv 0 602729 2328192 2026-08-16T17:41:45Z M-30722 1202 [[en:жыл]]より 2328192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|жил}} =={{L|kk}}== {{kk-regional|жыл|جىل}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|kk}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{kk-noun}} #{{タグ|kk|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 {{kk-decl-noun |жыл|[[жылдар]] |[[жылдың]]|[[жылдардың]] |[[жылға]]|[[жылдарға]] |[[жылды]]|[[жылдарды]] |[[жылда]]|[[жылдарда]] |[[жылдан]]|[[жылдардан]] |[[жылмен]]|[[жылдармен]] }} =={{L|ky}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|ky}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=ky|d͡ʒɯl}} * {{hyphenation|жыл}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ky-noun}} #{{タグ|ky|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 {{ky-decl-noun}} dey2owlkm3zcje5d2rrssmi9qkcqh2v 0 602730 2328193 2026-08-16T17:43:44Z M-30722 1202 [[en:يىل]]より 2328193 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ug}}== {{ug-variant|a=يىل|c=жил|r=yil}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|ug}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=ug|/jɯl/|[jɪ̈l]|a=Xinjiang}} * {{IPA|lang=ug|/ʒɯl/|a=Kazakhstan}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ug|noun|複数|يىللار}} #{{タグ|ug|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 iwsmwtlzgrbumptgm7p65pvnh4l9gdy 0 602731 2328194 2026-08-16T17:46:00Z M-30722 1202 [[en:йел]]より 2328194 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|atv}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|atv}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{atv-noun}} #{{topcat|atv|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|atv|салгын}} * {{l|atv|салкын}} 433nljwx5k6h15emol00pxgu88375ag 0 602732 2328195 2026-08-16T17:48:14Z M-30722 1202 [[en:јел]]より 2328195 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|alt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|alt}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{alt-noun}} #{{topcat|alt|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 #[[空気]]。 {{alt-ndecl-c|е|л}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|alt|салкын}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|alt|јелдӱ}} e2qbvqma01t3y4g48i38l08uf1ejk41 2328197 2328195 2026-08-16T17:50:17Z M-30722 1202 2328197 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|alt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|alt}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{alt-noun}} #{{topcat|alt|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 #[[空気]]。 {{alt-noun-c|е|л}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|alt|салкын}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|alt|јелдӱ}} 72u9vz3m2c9yztx5d6oq0i09471t564 10 602733 2328196 2026-08-16T17:49:29Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2328196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{alt-ndecl-base <!-- singular --> |1={{pagename}} |3={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|м|н|ҥ|нь|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ=н|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|з|й|л|р|зь|ль|рь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я=ы|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ=и}}ҥ |5={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=к|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|з|й|л|м|н|ҥ|р|зь|ль|нь|рь=г}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=а|о|ё=о|э|е|и|ӱ=е|ӧ=ӧ}} |7={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|а|о|ё|ы|я|э|е|ӧ|и=н|з|й|л|м|н|ҥ|р|зь|ль|нь|рь|у|ю|ӱ=д|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я=ы|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ=и}} |9={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|з|й|л|м|н|ҥ|р|зь|ль|нь|рь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=а|о|ё=о|э|е|и|ӱ=е|ӧ=ӧ}} |11={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|м|н|ҥ|нь=н|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|з|й|л|р|зь|ль|рь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=а|о|ё=о|э|е|и|ӱ=е|ӧ=ӧ}}ҥ <!-- plural --> |2={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|й|р|рь=л|з|л|м|н|ҥ|зь|ль|нь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=а|о|ё=о|э|е|и|ӱ=е|ӧ=ӧ}}р |4={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|й|р|рь=л|з|л|м|н|ҥ|зь|ль|нь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=арды|о|ё=орды|э|е|и|ӱ=ерди|ӧ=ӧрди}}ҥ |6={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|й|р|рь=л|з|л|м|н|ҥ|зь|ль|нь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=арга|о|ё=орго|э|е|и|ӱ=ерге|ӧ=ӧргӧ}} |8={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|й|р|рь=л|з|л|м|н|ҥ|зь|ль|нь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=арды|о|ё=орды|э|е|и|ӱ=ерди|ӧ=ӧрди}} |10={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|й|р|рь=л|з|л|м|н|ҥ|зь|ль|нь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=арда|о|ё=ордо|э|е|и|ӱ=ерде|ӧ=ӧрдӧ}} |12={{pagename}}{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|б|в|г|д|ж|к|п|с|т|ф|х|ц|ч|ш|щ|бь|вь|дь|сь|ть=т|а|о|ё|ы|у|ю|я|э|е|ӧ|и|ӱ|й|р|рь=л|з|л|м|н|ҥ|зь|ль|нь=д}}{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|а|ы|у|ю|я=арда|о|ё=ордо|э|е|и|ӱ=ерде|ӧ=ӧрдӧ}}ҥ }}<!-- --><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{alt}}_語形変化表テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3p8xv8k3j9nsubl6drfomgfgceup7cx 2328198 2328196 2026-08-16T17:50:47Z M-30722 1202 転送 2328198 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[テンプレート:alt-noun-c]] rnp3475mgpdilamwgalvepqq1uin8va 0 602734 2328199 2026-08-16T17:53:01Z M-30722 1202 [[en:салкын]]より 2328199 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ky}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|ky|LL-Q9255 (kir)-Almanbet Janışev-салкын.wav}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|ky|adjective}} #{{おくりがな2|涼|すず|しい|すずしい}}。 =={{L|alt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|mn|alt}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|alt|noun}} #{{topcat|alt|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 {{alt-ndecl-c|ы|н}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|alt|јел}} 1pwiokc8c5vzix759g9g2caf02k12bw 0 602735 2328200 2026-08-16T17:54:53Z M-30722 1202 [[en:ییل]]より 2328200 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ota}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|ota}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ota-noun|tr=yıl}} #{{タグ|ota|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|tr|yıl}} g7gwmnes6wj9ljqn1owqdxbmlyl0b3r 0 602736 2328201 2026-08-16T18:00:27Z M-30722 1202 [[en:yıl]]より 2328201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:yil}} {{also|yil}} =={{L|gag}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-oat|gag}} {{m|trk-oat|یل|tr=yıl}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|gag}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=gag|jɨl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{gag-noun|ı|lar}} #{{タグ|gag|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 {{gag-decl-noun|yıl|yıllar|yılı|yılları|yıla|yıllara|yılda|yıllarda|yıldan|yıllardan|yılın|yılların}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|gag|üzyıllık}} * {{l|gag|geçti yıl}} * {{l|gag|geçän yıl}} * {{l|gag|yıllık}} * {{l|gag|yıldönümü}} =={{L|crh}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|crh}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|crh|noun}} #{{タグ|crh|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 #[[年齢]]。 {{crh-latin-noun|nıñ|ğa|nı|da|dan}} =={{L|tt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|tt}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tt|noun}} #{{タグ|tt|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 =={{L|tr}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=tr|ˈjɯɫ}} * {{音声|tr|Yıl.ogg}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|ota|tr}} {{m|ota|ییل|tr=yıl}} < {{etyl|trk-oat|tr}} {{m|trk-oat|یل|tr=yıl}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|tr}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ====Noun==== {{tr-noun|ı|lar}} #{{タグ|tr|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 #: {{syn|tr|sene}} {{tr-infl-noun-c|ı|poss=1}} ====={{drv}}===== {{col3|lang=tr|altın yıl|yarıyıl|yıl dönümü|yılönümü|yüzyıl|yıllı|yıllık|yıldan yıla|yıllamak|yıllarca|yıllar yılı|Yılbaşı}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|tr|verb form}} #{{l|tr|yılmak}}の命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|klj}}== {{klj-variant|a=[[یؽل]]}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|klj}} {{m|trk-pro|*yïl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=klj|[ji(ˑ)l]|a=Mansûrâbâdî|a2=Xaltâbâdî}} * {{IPA|lang=klj|[jil]|a=Talxâbî}} * {{IPA|lang=klj|[jɪ̈(ˑ)l]|[jɪl]|[ji(ˑ)l]|a=Xarrâbî}} ==={{noun}}=== {{klj-noun}} #{{タグ|klj|暦}}{{ふりがな|年|とし}}。 {{klj-infl-noun|ı|c}} k619lckpnu9reyv76vfdyk4o584r8nr 0 602737 2328202 2026-08-16T18:02:33Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2328202 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|kdr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|kdr}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|kdr|noun|tr=yelʹ}} #{{topcat|kdr|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 m61fhf6o94otjp1epjsbtelv1n1fbq2 0 602738 2328203 2026-08-16T18:04:42Z M-30722 1202 [[en:ҫил]]より 2328203 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|cv}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-pro|cv}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹl}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA|lang=cv|[ɕil]}} ===={{noun}}==== {{cv-noun}} #{{topcat|cv|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 lzuy39f09jn45lm1ma9caeyzqjpwsds 0 602739 2328204 2026-08-16T18:06:51Z M-30722 1202 [[en:самал]]より 2328204 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|kk}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fa|kk}} {{m|fa|شمال}} < {{etyl|ar|kk}} {{m|ar|شَمَال|t=北、北風}} ==={{noun}}=== {{kk-noun}} #{{topcat|kk|風}}{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}、[[そよかぜ]]。 {{kk-noun-c|а|л}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|kk|самалдау}} * {{l|kk|самалды}} * {{l|kk|самалдық}} 0ym35a806g3brvnlaknp21jixn2tsse 828 602740 2328211 2026-08-16T22:07:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl]] 2328211 Scribunto text/plain -- Links to Wikipedia articles are handled at [[Module:labels/data/lang/pl]]. local export = {} export.lects = { -- MIDDLE POLISH mpl = { group = 1, name = "中期ポーランド語" }, -- GREATER POLAND koc = { group = 2, index = 1, name = "Kociewie", mid_o = true, front_y = true, phonetic = true }, bor = { group = 2, index = 2, name = "Bory Tucholskie", mid_o = true, front_y = true, phonetic = true }, kra = { group = 2, index = 3, name = "Krajna", mid_o = true, front_y = true, phonetic = true }, CD = { group = 2, index = 4, name = "Chełmno-Dobrzyń", phonetic = true }, kuj = { group = 2, index = 5, name = "Kujawy", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, NGP = { group = 2, index = 6, name = "Northern Greater Poland", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, WGP = { group = 2, index = 7, name = "Western Greater Poland", phonetic = true }, CGP = { group = 2, index = 8, name = "Central Greater Poland", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, EGP = { group = 2, index = 9, name = "Eastern Greater Poland", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, SGP = { group = 2, index = 10, name = "Southern Greater Poland", phonetic = true }, -- MASOVIA lub = { group = 3, index = 1, name = "Lubawa", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, ost = { group = 3, index = 2, name = "Ostróda", mid_o = true, front_y = true, phonetic = true }, war = { group = 3, index = 3, name = "Warmia", mid_o = true, front_y = true, trilled_rz = true, phonetic = true }, mas = { group = 3, index = 4, name = "Masurian", mid_o = true, front_y = true, trilled_rz = true, phonetic = true }, kur = { group = 3, index = 5, name = "Kurpie", mid_o = true, front_y = true, phonetic = true }, skur = { group = 3, index = 6, name = "Standard Kurpie", mid_o = true, decompose_nasal = true, phonetic = true }, MB = { group = 3, index = 7, name = "Near Masovian", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, MD = { group = 3, index = 8, name = "Far Masovian", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, pdl = { group = 3, index = 9, name = "Podlachia", dark_l = true, glottal_h = true, phonetic = true }, suw = { group = 3, index = 10, name = "Suwałki", dark_l = true, glottal_h = true, phonetic = true }, low = { group = 3, index = 11, name = "Łowicz", glottal_h = true, phonetic = true }, -- LESSER POLAND lec = { group = 4, index = 1, name = "Łęczyca", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, sie = { group = 4, index = 2, name = "Sieradz", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, PM = { group = 4, index = 3, name = "Masovian Borderland", phonetic = true }, kie = { group = 4, index = 4, name = "Kielce", phonetic = true }, krk = { group = 4, index = 5, name = "Western Kraków", phonetic = true }, ekr = { group = 4, index = 6, name = "Eastern Kraków", phonetic = true }, -- oscillating mid o las = { group = 4, index = 7, name = "Lasovia", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, pdg = { group = 4, index = 8, name = "Podegrodzie", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, bie = { group = 4, index = 9, name = "Biecz", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, WL = { group = 4, index = 10, name = "Western Lublin", dark_l = true, phonetic = true }, EL = { group = 4, index = 11, name = "Eastern Lublin", dark_l = true, glottal_h = true, phonetic = true }, prz = { group = 4, index = 12, name = "Przemyśl", dark_l = true, glottal_h = true, phonetic = true }, -- GORAL, subgroup of Lesser Poland sad = { group = 5, index = 1, name = "Sącz", mid_o = true, initial_stress = true, phonetic = true }, zyw = { group = 5, index = 2, name = "Żywiec", mid_o = true, trilled_rz = true, phonetic = true }, ora = { group = 5, index = 3, name = "Orawa", mid_o = true, dark_l = true, phonetic = true }, -- oscillating initial stress pod = { group = 5, index = 4, name = "Podhale", mid_o = true, initial_stress = true, phonetic = true }, spi = { group = 5, index = 5, name = "Spisz", mid_o = true, trilled_rz = true, dark_l = true, initial_stress = true, phonetic = true }, zag = { group = 5, index = 6, name = "Zagórze", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, -- oscillating initial stress kli = { group = 5, index = 7, name = "Kliszczacy", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, BG = { group = 5, index = 8, name = "Babia Góra", phonetic = true }, kys = { group = 5, index = 9, name = "Kysuce", phonetic = true }, pie = { group = 5, index = 10, name = "Pieniny", mid_o = true, initial_stress = true, phonetic = true }, och = { group = 5, index = 11, name = "Ochotnica", mid_o = true, phonetic = true }, lip = { group = 5, index = 12, name = "Liptov", initial_stress = true, phonetic = true }, buk = { group = 5, index = 13, name = "Bukowina", phonetic = true, dark_l = true, glottal_h = true }, -- oscillating initial stress -- BORDERLANDS sbl = { group = 6, index = 1, name = "Southern Borderlands", dark_l = true, glottal_h = true, phonetic = true }, nbl = { group = 6, index = 2, name = "Northern Borderlands", dark_l = true, phonetic = true }, -- NEW MIXED DIALECTS nmd = { group = 7, name = "New mixed dialects", phonetic = true }, } export.lect_groups = { { single_lect = true }, { name = "Greater Poland" }, { name = "Masovia" }, { name = "Lesser Poland" }, { name = "Goral", indent_with_prec = true }, { name = "Borderlands" }, { single_lect = true }, } export.lect_aliases = { ["mp"] = "mpl", ["łow"] = "low", } return export 4xpex52xy3nmcyt8nrzmyn2xdpfw0cw 10 602741 2328217 2026-08-16T22:14:25Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Template:audio/styles.css]] 2328217 sanitized-css text/css /* Work-around for [[phab:T25965]] (Kaltura advertisement) */ .k-player .k-attribution { visibility: hidden; } oxfk6r6mqtgkw5nh8ifkuf7jz1mg5x0 0 602742 2328230 2026-08-16T23:11:49Z Jiba1219 100610 ページの作成:「=={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ai4zeng1|noun}} {{yue-cat|oi3jang1|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|àizēng|z=n}} {{yue-pron|oi3 zang1|h=n}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|t=愛憎}} 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{{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|愛|憎}} #[[愛する]]ことと[[にくむ|憎む]]こと。[[愛憎]]。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{l|ko|애오(愛惡)}} *{{l|ko|증애(憎愛)}} c0qfiphw67igezobtfhffjd3nlpyydk 0 602744 2328260 2026-08-16T23:55:08Z Jiba1219 100610 ページの作成:「=={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun|cat2=漢字語}} *&lt;[[招]][[集]]&gt;;[[招集|*]] #[[招集]]。」 2328260 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun|cat2=漢字語}} *&lt;[[招]][[集]]&gt;;[[招集|*]] #[[招集]]。 gjopzjewrif848msmw3i548ohm13qtn 0 602745 2328265 2026-08-17T01:41:50Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|頁|4}} {{kanji variants|颀=[[簡体字]]|懇=字義2}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[頁]]」+[[音符]]「[[斤]] {{phoneme|*KƏI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(qí) ##頭の形がよい。 ##背が高く大きい。姿が立派。 ##小さい。堅い。 #(kěn) 「[[懇]]」の通字。この上ない悲しみ。…」 2328265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|頁|4}} {{kanji variants|颀=[[簡体字]]|懇=字義2}} ===字源=== 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{{文字コード|jis=2-92-20/2-71-87|mj={{mjmoji|028166}}|gb=717D|cns=2-4866|全={{全字庫|149606}}|big5=E0E0|ksx=1002-5C26|kps=10721-8683}} {{検字|倉頡=HLMBC|四角=7128.6}} {{字典|諸橋=43370|新潮漢字=14125|新大字典=18946|大字源=11213|大漢語林=12812|康煕=1400.170|hdz=74361.110|dj=1917.070|ch=1476.102|広韻=065.04|mw=666a/1123q|vt=B05669}} oi36i3ehznbm0m1mbhokn7sap5ptnrp 0 602746 2328269 2026-08-17T01:58:08Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきや}} #[[宝石]]や[[貴金属]]を[[加工]]して{{おくりがな2|売|う|うる}}{{ふりがな|店|みせ}}。[[宝飾品]]を{{おくりがな2|作|つく|っ|つくる}}て売る店。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} #{{syn|ja|職人}}宝石や貴金属、宝飾品を売る{{ふりがな|人|ひと}};　宝石や貴金属を加工する人；　宝飾品の{…」 2328269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきや}} #[[宝石]]や[[貴金属]]を[[加工]]して{{おくりがな2|売|う|うる}}{{ふりがな|店|みせ}}。[[宝飾品]]を{{おくりがな2|作|つく|っ|つくる}}て売る店。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} #{{syn|ja|職人}}宝石や貴金属、宝飾品を売る{{ふりがな|人|ひと}};　宝石や貴金属を加工する人；　宝飾品の{{おくりがな3|作|つく|り|手||つくりて}}。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石商}} #宝石や貴金属を販売する企業や宝飾品を製造する企業に対する諧謔的表現。 ik7nkjbmybr8wcabt5olqmgvqfvtk4o 2328270 2328269 2026-08-17T01:58:26Z 鍼灸 112313 2328270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきや}} #[[宝石]]や[[貴金属]]を[[加工]]して{{おくりがな2|売|う|うる}}{{ふりがな|店|みせ}}。[[宝飾品]]を{{おくりがな2|作|つく|っ|つくる}}て売る店。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} #{{syn|ja|職人}}宝石や貴金属、宝飾品を売る{{ふりがな|人|ひと}};　宝石や貴金属を加工する人；　宝飾品の{{おくりがな3|作|つく|り|手|て||つくりて}}。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石商}} #宝石や貴金属を販売する企業や宝飾品を製造する企業に対する諧謔的表現。 iohs60p6dwneitcfdguqcpvzvrkkfat 2328271 2328270 2026-08-17T01:58:50Z 鍼灸 112313 2328271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきや}} #[[宝石]]や[[貴金属]]を[[加工]]して{{おくりがな2|売|う|うる}}{{ふりがな|店|みせ}}。[[宝飾品]]を{{おくりがな2|作|つく|っ|つくる}}て売る店。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} #{{タグ|ja|職人}}宝石や貴金属、宝飾品を売る{{ふりがな|人|ひと}};　宝石や貴金属を加工する人；　宝飾品の{{おくりがな3|作|つく|り|手|て||つくりて}}。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石商}} #宝石や貴金属を販売する企業や宝飾品を製造する企業に対する諧謔的表現。 ojv0dp1jtchjofait8ulbet0aa06umu 2328272 2328271 2026-08-17T01:59:29Z 鍼灸 112313 2328272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきや}} #{{タグ|ja|店舗}}[[宝石]]や[[貴金属]]を[[加工]]して{{おくりがな2|売|う|る|うる}}{{ふりがな|店|みせ}}。[[宝飾品]]を{{おくりがな2|作|つく|っ|つくる}}て売る店。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} #{{タグ|ja|職人}}宝石や貴金属、宝飾品を売る{{ふりがな|人|ひと}};　宝石や貴金属を加工する人；　宝飾品の{{おくりがな3|作|つく|り|手|て||つくりて}}。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石商}} #宝石や貴金属を販売する企業や宝飾品を製造する企業に対する諧謔的表現。 bd9nr899h9ikjqt9zd1phi3r5s9av9c 2328274 2328272 2026-08-17T02:05:15Z 鍼灸 112313 2328274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほうせきや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ほうせきや}} #{{タグ|ja|店舗}}[[宝石]]や[[貴金属]]を[[加工]]して{{おくりがな2|売|う|る|うる}}{{ふりがな|店|みせ}}。[[宝飾品]]を{{おくりがな2|作|つく|っ|つくる}}て売る店。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石店|宝飾店|貴金属店}} #{{タグ|ja|職人}}宝石や貴金属、宝飾品を売る{{ふりがな|人|ひと}};　宝石や貴金属を加工する人；　宝飾品の{{おくりがな3|作|つく|り|手|て||つくりて}}。 #:{{syn|ja|宝石商|宝石彫刻師}} #宝石や貴金属を販売する企業や宝飾品を製造する企業に対する諧謔的表現。 1aag2g0g822gwer3bxw55xilo25p11t 0 602747 2328276 2026-08-17T02:08:44Z うーむ 129171 [[鹿肉]]への転送ページ 2328276 wikitext text/x-wiki #転送[[鹿肉]] rjety3f4vwuuph3zt4mam1kvuv934hr 2328277 2328276 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鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|パスンダンこく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|パスンダン国}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}[[ジャワ島]]に1947年から1950年まで存在した[[インドネシア連邦共和国]]の構成国。首都は[[バンドン]]。」 2328280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|パスンダンこく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|パスンダン国}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}[[ジャワ島]]に1947年から1950年まで存在した[[インドネシア連邦共和国]]の構成国。首都は[[バンドン]]。 n82wsyiejdhy4n36gqg17zf6mwkxaxh 2328281 2328280 2026-08-17T02:18:36Z 鍼灸 112313 2328281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|パスンダンこく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|パスンダンこく}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}[[ジャワ島]]に1947年から1950年まで存在した[[インドネシア連邦共和国]]の構成国。首都は[[バンドン]]。 dbhm9zmn8vdkc8ler5ipgoif66r0xkb 2328282 2328281 2026-08-17T02:18:59Z 鍼灸 112313 2328282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|パスンダンこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|パスンダンこく}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}[[ジャワ島]]に1947年から1950年まで存在した[[インドネシア連邦共和国]]の構成国。首都は[[バンドン]]。 8eoonmhhco2jhqhc1e6i4fydye5cmwz 0 602751 2328283 2026-08-17T02:22:01Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|マドゥラこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|マドゥラこく}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}[[マドゥラ島]]に1948年から1950年まで存在した[[インドネシア連邦共和国]]の構成国。首都は[[パメカサン]]。」 2328283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|マドゥラこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|マドゥラこく}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}[[マドゥラ島]]に1948年から1950年まで存在した[[インドネシア連邦共和国]]の構成国。首都は[[パメカサン]]。 mxnd74xpclj596sdhqmmlaum2ajpque 0 602752 2328284 2026-08-17T02:27:08Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|インドネシアれんぽうきょうわこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|インドネシアれんぽうきょうわこく}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}1949年から1950年まで[[インドネシア]]の領域に存在した[[オランダ]]の[[傀儡国家]]で構成された[[連邦国家]]。首都は[[ジャカルタ]]。」 2328284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|インドネシアれんぽうきょうわこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|インドネシアれんぽうきょうわこく}} #{{タグ|ja|東南アジア史}}1949年から1950年まで[[インドネシア]]の領域に存在した[[オランダ]]の[[傀儡国家]]で構成された[[連邦国家]]。首都は[[ジャカルタ]]。 691o1vfl7jno6rwr30m71i0u6lzkzeq 0 602753 2328285 2026-08-17T02:31:05Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|マドゥラとう}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|マドゥラとう}} #{{タグ|ja|島}}[[大スンダ列島]]の一つで[[ジャワ島]]北東部に位置する島。」 2328285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|マドゥラとう}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|マドゥラとう}} #{{タグ|ja|島}}[[大スンダ列島]]の一つで[[ジャワ島]]北東部に位置する島。 m61pygi9xu5x50bg4upmo0xg8su1ywp 0 602754 2328287 2026-08-17T02:35:49Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|地名|島}}「[[ボルネオ]]」のインドネシア語名。」 2328287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|地名|島}}「[[ボルネオ]]」のインドネシア語名。 dl693u3053ycshqzthzkljh30fjjs4e 0 602755 2328288 2026-08-17T02:37:57Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ボルネオとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|ボルネオとう}} #「[[ボルネオ]]」を参照。」 2328288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ボルネオとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|ボルネオとう}} #「[[ボルネオ]]」を参照。 a3tgci0gi27knnwjp0y8vwti51qd8z6 0 602756 2328289 2026-08-17T02:38:47Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|カリマンタンとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|カリマンタンとう}} #「[[カリマンタン]]」を参照。」 2328289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|カリマンタンとう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|カリマンタンとう}} #「[[カリマンタン]]」を参照。 0nrcrezij0qoni9i6ldqbjif23esx53 0 602757 2328290 2026-08-17T02:45:10Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia|バンドン (インドネシア)}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|旧首都}}[[インドネシア]]西ジャワ州の州都。1947年から1950年まで[[パスンダン国]]の首都。」 2328290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia|バンドン (インドネシア)}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|旧首都}}[[インドネシア]]西ジャワ州の州都。1947年から1950年まで[[パスンダン国]]の首都。 s9egrd4hsq77nsv3l3enivj0pfaj19a 2328326 2328290 2026-08-17T09:37:23Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2328326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんどん}} {{wikipedia|バンドン (インドネシア)}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|旧首都}}[[インドネシア]]西ジャワ州の州都。1947年から1950年まで[[パスンダン国]]の首都。 0vfmw1gr2pq26bkdifa6dmh2lz8b5oq 0 602758 2328291 2026-08-17T02:51:37Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|角|8}} {{kanji variants|奇=字義1-4/字義4|踦=字義1-5|掎=字義2}} {{kanji-regional2}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[角]]」+[[音符]]「[[奇]] {{phoneme|*KAI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) ##傾く。首をかしげる。 ##偏る。重点を置く。 ##得る。 ##「[[奇]]」の[[通字]]。単独の…」 2328291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|角|8}} {{kanji variants|奇=字義1-4/字義4|踦=字義1-5|掎=字義2}} {{kanji-regional2}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[角]]」+[[音符]]「[[奇]] {{phoneme|*KAI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) ##傾く。首をかしげる。 ##偏る。重点を置く。 ##得る。 ##「[[奇]]」の[[通字]]。単独の。偶でない。 ##「[[踦]]」の[[通字]]。片足。 #(jǐ) 「[[掎]]」の[[通字]]。取る。牽く。 #(qǐ) 牛の角。 #(qí) 「[[奇]]」の[[通字]]。珍しい。奇妙な。不可解な。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=*|漢音=キ|訓=かたむ-く<かたぶ-く}} ==={{prov}}=== {{prov-top}} *[[觭角]] *[[觭偶]] *[[觭倍]] *[[觭夢]] *[[觭輪]] {{prov-bottom}} ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=きかたむく|head={{PAGENAME}}|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-08-17}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji1}} {{yue-cat|kei1}} {{hak-cat|ki2}} {{hak-hl-cat|ki2}} {{ltc-cat|khje1}} {{och-cat|khrai}} {{zh-han|m=jī,jǐ,qǐ,qí|c=kei1,gei1|pfs=kì|hrs=ki}} **'''[[中古音]]''': khje, khjeX **'''[[上古音]]''': ***'''鄭張''': /*kʰral/, /*kʰralʔ/ ***'''布之道''': /*kʰ(r)ai/, /*kʰ(r)aiʔ/ ==={{prov}}=== {{zh-der|三觭龍|觭輪|觭龍類|觭夢|觭介|觭偶|觭角|觭角兒|觭日|觭重}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|기}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|khi|kì|kỳ|ki|ky|cơ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-61-28|mj={{mjmoji|024313}}|gb=7244|cns=2-543A|全={{全字庫|152634}}|big5=E7D1|ksx=1027-1-5F7E|kps=10721-7555}} {{検字|倉頡=NBKMR|四角=2422.1}} {{字典|諸橋=35105|新潮漢字=11819|新大字典=15582|大字源=9232|大漢語林=10573|康煕=1143.310|hdz=63928.180|dj=1610.200|ch=1235.505|広韻=044.48/243.14|matthews=423|mw=1115b|vt=B04619}} sgespb7arncx2gy6z6qnzutrel3ihjo 0 602759 2328292 2026-08-17T03:04:56Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しじ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しじ]]}} #[[貴人]]などの側に[[つかえる|仕える]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しじ}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2328292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しじ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しじ]]}} #[[貴人]]などの側に[[つかえる|仕える]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しじ}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 7y366xqovfmf3tno63tvqh053uw7emf 0 602760 2328293 2026-08-17T03:07:45Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ししむら}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{wago}}=== {{ojp-wagokanji|ししむら}} #{{wagokanji of|ししむら}}」 2328293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ししむら}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{wago}}=== {{ojp-wagokanji|ししむら}} #{{wagokanji of|ししむら}} 5n03462s31iw4qftwdfr65yx3qx5kl5 0 602761 2328294 2026-08-17T03:13:19Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|にくだん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[にくだん]]}} #[[肉]]の[[かたまり|塊]]。 #{{タグ|ja|仏教}}[[心臓]]。」 2328294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|にくだん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[にくだん]]}} #[[肉]]の[[かたまり|塊]]。 #{{タグ|ja|仏教}}[[心臓]]。 skplnx5oto5d70it95nviz1r1uiy2p5 0 602762 2328295 2026-08-17T03:16:45Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[肉団]]】肉の塊。 *【[[肉弾]]】兵士が直接敵陣に突入すること。」 2328295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[肉団]]】肉の塊。 *【[[肉弾]]】兵士が直接敵陣に突入すること。 8qeknm8r852ds2vvcwyl5c0i2zo5743 0 602763 2328300 2026-08-17T03:34:19Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|支|8}} {{kanji variants|欹|敧}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[支]]」+[[音符]]「[[奇]] {{phoneme|*KAI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) 箸で摘まみ上げる。 #(qī) ##傾いている。 ##寄り掛かる。支える。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=*|漢音=キ|訓=かたむ-く<かたぶ-く}} ==={{pr…」 2328300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|支|8}} {{kanji variants|欹|敧}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[支]]」+[[音符]]「[[奇]] {{phoneme|*KAI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) 箸で摘まみ上げる。 #(qī) ##傾いている。 ##寄り掛かる。支える。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=*|漢音=キ|訓=かたむ-く<かたぶ-く}} ==={{prov}}=== {{prov-top}} *[[攲案]] *[[攲架]] *[[攲岸]] *[[攲器]] *[[攲危]] *[[攲傾]] *[[攲欠]] *[[攲坐]] *[[攲斜]] *[[攲邪]] *[[攲牀]] *[[攲側]] *[[攲頽]] *[[攲倒]] *[[攲帆]] *[[案攲]] *[[虚攲]] *[[傾攲]] *[[紅攲]] *[[斜攲]] *[[松攲]] *[[枕攲]] *[[低攲]] *[[棹攲]] *[[半攲]] {{prov-bottom}} ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=きかたむく|head={{PAGENAME}}|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-08-17}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji1}} {{yue-cat|kei1}} {{hak-cat|ki2}} {{hak-hl-cat|ki2}} {{nan-cat|khi1}} {{nan-tws-cat|ki1}} {{ltc-cat|kje1}} {{och-cat|krai}} {{zh-han|m=jī,qī|c=kei1|pfs=kì|hrs=ki|mn=khi/khia|mn-t=ki1}} **'''[[中古音]]''': kje, khje, kjeX **'''[[上古音]]''': ***'''鄭張''': /*kral/, /*kʰral/, /*kralʔ/ ***'''布之道''': /*k(r)ai/, /*k(r)aiʔ/, /*kʰ(r)ai/ ==={{prov}}=== {{zh-der|攲傾|攲倒|攲側|攲器|攲斜|攲案|低攲|斜攲|攲缺|攲攲|攲架|蹺攲|傾蹺}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|기}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|khi}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-13-65|mj={{mjmoji|012944}}|gb=4368|cns=2-3C37|全={{全字庫|146487}}|big5=D972|ksx=1002-5B6D|kps=10721-47F1}} {{検字|倉頡=KRJE|四角=4464.7}} {{字典|諸橋=13086|新潮漢字=4389|新大字典=6070|大字源=3660|大漢語林=4280|康煕=0467.210|hdz=21329.210|dj=0815.190|ch=599.202|広韻=045.03/047.01/243.08|matthews=516|nelson=2041|vt=B01462}} a1brabq4iihex8jcmgxgxok82a2sjfm 2328304 2328300 2026-08-17T03:41:32Z ふゆくれ 95641 /* {{L|ja}} */ 2328304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|支|8}} {{kanji variants|欹|敧}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[支]]」+[[音符]]「[[奇]] {{phoneme|*KAI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) 箸で摘まみ上げる。 #(qī) ##傾いている。 ##寄り掛かる。支える。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=*|漢音=キ|訓=かたむ-く<かたぶ-く|古訓=そばたつ,あづかる;{{w|名義抄}},うつはもの,あつかる,かかげたり,そばだつ;{{w|字鏡集}}}} ==={{prov}}=== {{prov-top}} *[[攲案]] *[[攲架]] *[[攲岸]] *[[攲器]] *[[攲危]] *[[攲傾]] *[[攲欠]] *[[攲坐]] *[[攲斜]] *[[攲邪]] *[[攲牀]] *[[攲側]] *[[攲頽]] *[[攲倒]] *[[攲帆]] *[[案攲]] *[[虚攲]] *[[傾攲]] *[[紅攲]] *[[斜攲]] *[[松攲]] *[[枕攲]] *[[低攲]] *[[棹攲]] *[[半攲]] {{prov-bottom}} ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=きかたむく|head={{PAGENAME}}|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-08-17}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji1}} {{yue-cat|kei1}} {{hak-cat|ki2}} {{hak-hl-cat|ki2}} {{nan-cat|khi1}} {{nan-tws-cat|ki1}} {{ltc-cat|kje1}} {{och-cat|krai}} {{zh-han|m=jī,qī|c=kei1|pfs=kì|hrs=ki|mn=khi/khia|mn-t=ki1}} **'''[[中古音]]''': kje, khje, kjeX **'''[[上古音]]''': ***'''鄭張''': /*kral/, /*kʰral/, /*kralʔ/ ***'''布之道''': /*k(r)ai/, /*k(r)aiʔ/, /*kʰ(r)ai/ ==={{prov}}=== {{zh-der|攲傾|攲倒|攲側|攲器|攲斜|攲案|低攲|斜攲|攲缺|攲攲|攲架|蹺攲|傾蹺}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|기}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|khi}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-13-65|mj={{mjmoji|012944}}|gb=4368|cns=2-3C37|全={{全字庫|146487}}|big5=D972|ksx=1002-5B6D|kps=10721-47F1}} {{検字|倉頡=KRJE|四角=4464.7}} {{字典|諸橋=13086|新潮漢字=4389|新大字典=6070|大字源=3660|大漢語林=4280|康煕=0467.210|hdz=21329.210|dj=0815.190|ch=599.202|広韻=045.03/047.01/243.08|matthews=516|nelson=2041|vt=B01462}} 47ilcvy8vd0yc15dcf0gxtt7x35rzoi 0 602764 2328301 2026-08-17T03:37:22Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じゅうてき}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|じゅうてき}} #[[西戎]]と[[北狄]]。古代中国で周辺の異民族や外国人に対する蔑称。[[狄夷]]。」 2328301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じゅうてき}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|じゅうてき}} #[[西戎]]と[[北狄]]。古代中国で周辺の異民族や外国人に対する蔑称。[[狄夷]]。 a41jaub77glxemzjnpgc62qccqzdcv5 2328302 2328301 2026-08-17T03:37:46Z うーむ 129171 2328302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じゅうてき}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|じゅうてき}} #[[西戎]]と[[北狄]]。古代中国で周辺の異民族や外国人に対する蔑称。[[戎夷]]。 3zgl5f4c1vtfi9aw7mx8yh2fst3r0un 0 602765 2328303 2026-08-17T03:41:17Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょうせい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょうせい]]}} #[[おおむかし|大昔]]。[[上古]]。[[上代]]。」 2328303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょうせい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょうせい]]}} #[[おおむかし|大昔]]。[[上古]]。[[上代]]。 4zyax9h64eucitryyqgigancgb02rnz 0 602766 2328307 2026-08-17T04:24:56Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|示|12}} {{kanji|示4|12|lang=zh|t=[[拡張新字体]]/MJ018948の字形/中国での字形}} {{kanji variants|𥘌=[[類推簡化字]]|𧝞=[[同字]]|䤒=字義2|𧗒=字義3}} {{kanji-regional2}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[示]]」+[[音符]]「[[幾]] {{phoneme|*KƏI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) ##鬼神…」 2328307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|キ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|示|12}} {{kanji|示4|12|lang=zh|t=[[拡張新字体]]/MJ018948の字形/中国での字形}} {{kanji variants|𥘌=[[類推簡化字]]|𧝞=[[同字]]|䤒=字義2|𧗒=字義3}} {{kanji-regional2}} ===字源=== *[[形声文字|形声]]。「[[示]]」+[[音符]]「[[幾]] {{phoneme|*KƏI}}<ref group="字源" name="上古音">{{R:och:GYXSK}}</ref>」。 {{字源}} <references group="字源"/> ===字義=== #(jī) ##鬼神を祀って福を祈る。 ##祟り。兆し。 #(jì) 「[[䤒]]」の[[同字]]。入浴後に飲む酒。 #(qí) 「[[𧗒]]」の同字。血祭り。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=ケ,ギ|漢音=キ|訓=たたり,きざし,まつり|古訓=さかゆ,やすし;{{w|字鏡集}}}} ==={{prov}}=== {{prov-top}} *[[禨卹]] *[[禨祥]] *[[受禨]] *[[信禨]] *[[禎禨]] {{prov-bottom}} ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=きたたりまつり|head={{PAGENAME}}|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-08-17}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji1}} {{yue-cat|gei1}} {{hak-cat|gi1}} {{hak-hl-cat|gi1}} {{nan-tws-cat|gi1}} {{ltc-cat|kjj1}} {{och-cat|kei}} {{zh-han|m=jī,jì,qí|c=gei1,gei6|pfs=gî|hrs=giˋ|mn-t=gi1}} **'''[[中古音]]''': kj+j, kj+jH **'''[[上古音]]''': ***'''鄭張''': /*kɯl/, /*kɯls/ ***'''布之道''': /*kəi/, /*kəih/ ==={{prov}}=== {{zh-der|禨祥|禨鬼|進禨|豐禨}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|기}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|kị|kỵ|ki|ky|cơ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-48-76|mj={{mjmoji|018948|018949|018950}}|gb=5679|cns=2-5D7B|全={{全字庫|155003}}|big5=EDB0|ksx=1002-5B75|kps=10721-6187}} {{検字|倉頡=IFVII|四角=3225.3}} {{字典|諸橋=24832|新潮漢字=8158/8159|新大字典=11272|大字源=6762|大漢語林=7937|康煕=0846.330|hdz=42409.010|dj=1267.230|ch=985.201|広韻=065.30/361.03|vt=B03075/B03075-001}} fb84l3lxw96p6ufcizwqatp6hneh1kb 0 602767 2328308 2026-08-17T04:31:10Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「==漢字== {{kanji|示4|2}} {{kanji variants|机=字義1|禨=字義2/[[康煕字典体]]}} ===字義=== #「[[机]]」の[[同字]]（『漢語大字典』掲載）。 #「[[禨]]」の[[類推簡化字]]（『漢典』掲載）。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji1|簡=2}} {{zh-han|m=jī,jì,qí,wèi}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|cns=10-6C44|全={{全字庫|683076}}}} {{検字|倉頡=IFHN}} {{字典|hdz=42385.060}}」 2328308 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|示4|2}} {{kanji variants|机=字義1|禨=字義2/[[康煕字典体]]}} ===字義=== #「[[机]]」の[[同字]]（『漢語大字典』掲載）。 #「[[禨]]」の[[類推簡化字]]（『漢典』掲載）。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji1|簡=2}} {{zh-han|m=jī,jì,qí,wèi}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|cns=10-6C44|全={{全字庫|683076}}}} {{検字|倉頡=IFHN}} {{字典|hdz=42385.060}} k5o63vnxl8pp4bxhib87jl16r97gibo 2 602768 2328315 2026-08-17T06:14:03Z 義彦の日常 133006 /* */ 自己紹介 2328315 wikitext text/x-wiki たまたま見たい記事があって、はじめてウィキスピーシーズで加入いたしました！まだ、わからないことがあるかもしれません😐️ちなみに飛行機✈️も物凄く好きで、特に、アイベックスエアラインズが好きです✈️ ==ウィクショナリーはなんのために使う？== インターネット上でみんなで作る無料のオンライン辞書です。言葉の意味、読み方、発音、類義語、別の言語への翻訳などを調べるために使います。 s0pz4k4z50mu0qva4qoqg0ga8zroxle 2328322 2328315 2026-08-17T07:21:40Z 20041027 tatsu 59964 /* */ {{Indefblockeduser}} 2328322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indefblockeduser}} たまたま見たい記事があって、はじめてウィキスピーシーズで加入いたしました！まだ、わからないことがあるかもしれません😐️ちなみに飛行機✈️も物凄く好きで、特に、アイベックスエアラインズが好きです✈️ ==ウィクショナリーはなんのために使う？== インターネット上でみんなで作る無料のオンライン辞書です。言葉の意味、読み方、発音、類義語、別の言語への翻訳などを調べるために使います。 l1tooqejhtddgdvhhd4525v6hntslft 2328323 2328322 2026-08-17T08:57:09Z 20041027 tatsu 59964 /* */ nopage=t 2328323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indefblockeduser|nopage=t}} たまたま見たい記事があって、はじめてウィキスピーシーズで加入いたしました！まだ、わからないことがあるかもしれません😐️ちなみに飛行機✈️も物凄く好きで、特に、アイベックスエアラインズが好きです✈️ ==ウィクショナリーはなんのために使う？== インターネット上でみんなで作る無料のオンライン辞書です。言葉の意味、読み方、発音、類義語、別の言語への翻訳などを調べるために使います。 d0ilphi0821bje5a1rqvxy81fu6r1gn 3 602769 2328316 2026-08-17T06:14:44Z 義彦の日常 133006 /* */ 説明 2328316 wikitext text/x-wiki わからないことがあるかもしれません i72ewhetjcviiode0xz5pynen47i15j 100 602770 2328317 2026-08-17T07:12:54Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Appendix:Malay pronunciation]] 2328317 wikitext text/x-wiki 以下の表は、Wiktionaryにおける[[:w:国際音声記号|IPA]]によるマレー語の発音表記である。 [[File:Pronunciation Standards in Standard Malay.png|thumb|マレー語の発音分布。赤がSVS、紫はAVS、水色は Baku の地域だが、実際はSVSがちである]] マレー語自体には二つの標準的な発音表記があり、一つは{{w|シュワー}}変種 (以下SVS)、もう一つは /a/変種 (以下AVS)である。SVSは、名の通りシュワー [ə] を語末 /a/ に用いる方式で、AVSは語末 /a/ を [a] と発音し、更にその後ろの /r/ まで含めて発音する方式である。{{m|ms|buka}}, {{m|ms|sabar}}の二単語で比較したのが以下である: *SVS: [bukə] (buka), [saba] (sabar) *AVS: [buka] (buka), [sabar] (sabar) また上記以外に、シンガポールでは、綴り通りに単語を発音する Baku (マレー語で「標準」を意味する）もしくは「文学的」標準発音（LPSと略される。）と呼ばれる発音方式が存在する。AVSが -ar で終わる単語を /r/ まで発音するようなことに似ているが、全てが全てAVSと一致するというわけではない。 単純にマレーシアの標準発音を考えると、SVSは{{w|ジョホール州}}・{{w|クアラルンプール}}の発音を受け継いだ形になるが、AVSは多様な発音を拾っている、つまり多数話者がいるはずの{{w|ケダ州}}・{{w|サバ州}}の発音とも微妙に違うものとなっている。なので、単純化してLPSがAVSの代表的発音として取り上げられている。 {| style="background:none;" | style="vertical-align: top;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ 子音 |- ! IPA !! Examples |- |<big>{{IPAfont|b}}</big> | align="left"| '''b'''ola<ref name=stop>/p/, /t/, /k/ は無気音で、語末なら内破音 [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]、語末 '''k''' は声門破裂音になる。語末に /b, d, ɡ/ が現れることはないが、借用語に限って [p̚, t̪̚, k̚] という発音の下で正書法上登場することはある。{{w|リエゾン}}は発生しないので、連語になっても発音は同じである。</ref> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|d}}</big> | align="left"| '''d'''ari<ref name=stop/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|dʒ}}</big> | align="left"| '''j'''ari |- |<big>{{IPAfont|f}}</big> | align="left"| '''f'''ikir<ref name=loan>摩擦音 [f, v, z, ʃ, x] は借用語のみで登場する。</ref> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ɡ}}</big> | align="left"| '''g'''alah<ref name=glottal/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|h}}</big> | align="left"| '''h'''abis, toko'''h''' |- |<big>{{IPAfont|j}}</big> | align="left"| '''y'''akin, ka'''y'''a |- |<big>{{IPAfont|k}}</big> | align="left"| '''k'''alah<ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|l}}</big> | align="left"| '''l'''ama |- |<big>{{IPAfont|m}}</big> | align="left"| '''m'''akan |- |<big>{{IPAfont|n}}</big> | align="left"| '''n'''akal |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ŋ}}</big> | align="left"| '''ng'''arai |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ɲ}}</big> | align="left"| '''ny'''aman |- |<big>{{IPAfont|p}}</big> | align="left"| '''p'''ola<ref name=stop/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|r}}</big> | align="left"| '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r'''<ref>SVSでは語末の /r/ は省略される（ただしLPSの影響もあり、公的な場ではあえて発音する場合もある）。</ref> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|s}}</big> | align="left"| '''s'''aya |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ʃ}}</big> | align="left"| '''sy'''ak<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|t}}</big> | align="left"| '''t'''ari<ref name=stop/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|tʃ}}</big> | align="left"| '''c'''ari |- |<big>{{IPAfont|v}}</big> | align="left"| '''v'''isa<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|w}}</big> | align="left"| '''w'''aktu, Ja'''w'''a |- |<big>{{IPAfont|x}}</big> | align="left"| '''kh'''as<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|z}}</big> | align="left"| '''z'''aman<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ʔ}}</big> | align="left"| bapa'''k''', ra'''k'''yat<ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal>声門破裂音 [ʔ] は末尾子音 /k/, /ɡ/ の[[異音]]。{{w|ヒアートゥス}}の場合でも登場する。''bakso'', ''rakyat'' など、中間音ながら登場する場合もある。''Al Qur'an'' など、アラビア語由来であれば、アポストロフィで表現される場合もある。</ref> |- |} | style="vertical-align: top;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ 母音 |- ! colspan="2" | IPA ! rowspan="2" | 例 |- ! LPS ! SVS |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|a}}, {{IPAfont|ä}}</big> | align="left"| '''a'''j'''a'''r<ref>[{{IPAfont|ɑ}}] は、アラビア語借用語において、単語の子音を慎重に発音するときに時折現れる /a/ の異音。</ref> |- | <big>{{IPAfont|a}} {{IPAfont|ä}}</big> | <big>{{IPAfont|ə}}</big> | align="left" | buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">SVSでは、語末 /a/ の発音は [{{IPAfont|ə}}].</ref> |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|ə}}</big> | align="left"| g'''e'''lak |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|i}}</big> | align="left" | b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i''' |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|e}}</big> | align="left"| s'''e'''rong, bol'''e'''h |- | <big>{{IPAfont|i}}</big> | <big>{{IPAfont|e}}</big> | align="left" | pil'''i'''h, mak'''i'''n<ref name="high_allophone">[e, o] は固有語において、 /i, u/ の閉鎖音文節における異音だが、著者によってはそのような区別がないとする主張もある。ただしその主張が正しいなら、{{m|ms|burung}}, {{m|ms|borong}} などでは一つ目の u, o と二つ目のそれらが異音になるはずがないと言える。</ref> |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|ɛ}}</big> | align="left"| p'''e'''k, b'''e'''g<ref name=foreignVowel>西欧語族からの借用語では母音 [ɛ], [ɔ] が登場する（例: {{m|ms|pek}} [pɛk], {{m|ms|kos}} [kɔs]）。ただし、借用から時間がたった語は発音がマレー語一般の物へ変化している（例: {{m|ms|bomba}}, [bombə]）。</ref> |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|u}}</big> | align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u''' |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|o}}</big> | align="left"| r'''o'''da, r'''o'''b'''o'''h |- | <big>{{IPAfont|u}}</big> | <big>{{IPAfont|o}}</big> | tuj'''u'''h, rump'''u'''t<ref name=high_allophone/> |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|ɔ}}</big> | align="left"| k'''o'''s<ref name=foreignVowel/> |} <br/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+二重母音 |- ! IPA !! Examples |- |<big>au</big> | align="left"| kal'''au''' |- |<big>ai</big> | align="left"| cap'''ai''' |- |<big>oi</big> | align="left"| cak'''oi''' |- |<big>ei</big> | align="left"| M'''ei'''<ref name=FACE_vowel>[ei] はたいてい [e] に簡略化される。</ref> |- |<big>ui</big> | align="left"| fengs'''ui''' |} <br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ その他 |- ! IPA !! 説明 |- |align="center" |<big>{{IPAfont|ˈ}}</big> | 第一強勢。強勢音節に前置する<ref>強勢はたいてい最後から二番目の音節に落ち着く。その音節にシュワー [ə] があれば最後から三番目の音節に、なければ最終音節になる。接尾辞によっては強勢を置くため無視もありえる。</ref>。 |} |} == 脚注 == {{Reflist}} [[Category:発音|らてんこ]] [[カテゴリ:{{ms}}の付録|はつおんひようき]] 6hgb6oiu642ipj6rcw30be88p5qnn5j 2328321 2328317 2026-08-17T07:13:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2328321 wikitext text/x-wiki 以下の表は、Wiktionaryにおける[[:w:国際音声記号|IPA]]によるマレー語の発音表記である。 [[File:Pronunciation Standards in Standard Malay.png|thumb|マレー語の発音分布。赤がSVS、紫はAVS、水色は Baku の地域だが、実際はSVSがちである]] マレー語自体には二つの標準的な発音表記があり、一つは{{w|シュワー}}変種 (以下SVS)、もう一つは /a/変種 (以下AVS)である。SVSは、名の通りシュワー [ə] を語末 /a/ に用いる方式で、AVSは語末 /a/ を [a] と発音し、更にその後ろの /r/ まで含めて発音する方式である。{{m|ms|buka}}, {{m|ms|sabar}}の二単語で比較したのが以下である: *SVS: [bukə] (buka), [saba] (sabar) *AVS: [buka] (buka), [sabar] (sabar) また上記以外に、シンガポールでは、綴り通りに単語を発音する Baku (マレー語で「標準」を意味する）もしくは「文学的」標準発音（LPSと略される。）と呼ばれる発音方式が存在する。AVSが -ar で終わる単語を /r/ まで発音するようなことに似ているが、全てが全てAVSと一致するというわけではない。 単純にマレーシアの標準発音を考えると、SVSは{{w|ジョホール州}}・{{w|クアラルンプール}}の発音を受け継いだ形になるが、AVSは多様な発音を拾っている、つまり多数話者がいるはずの{{w|ケダ州}}・{{w|サバ州}}の発音とも微妙に違うものとなっている。なので、単純化してLPSがAVSの代表的発音として取り上げられている。 {| style="background:none;" | style="vertical-align: top;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ 子音 |- ! IPA !! 例 |- |<big>{{IPAfont|b}}</big> | align="left"| '''b'''ola<ref name=stop>/p/, /t/, /k/ は無気音で、語末なら内破音 [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]、語末 '''k''' は声門破裂音になる。語末に /b, d, ɡ/ が現れることはないが、借用語に限って [p̚, t̪̚, k̚] という発音の下で正書法上登場することはある。{{w|リエゾン}}は発生しないので、連語になっても発音は同じである。</ref> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|d}}</big> | align="left"| '''d'''ari<ref name=stop/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|dʒ}}</big> | align="left"| '''j'''ari |- |<big>{{IPAfont|f}}</big> | align="left"| '''f'''ikir<ref name=loan>摩擦音 [f, v, z, ʃ, x] は借用語のみで登場する。</ref> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ɡ}}</big> | align="left"| '''g'''alah<ref name=glottal/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|h}}</big> | align="left"| '''h'''abis, toko'''h''' |- |<big>{{IPAfont|j}}</big> | align="left"| '''y'''akin, ka'''y'''a |- |<big>{{IPAfont|k}}</big> | align="left"| '''k'''alah<ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|l}}</big> | align="left"| '''l'''ama |- |<big>{{IPAfont|m}}</big> | align="left"| '''m'''akan |- |<big>{{IPAfont|n}}</big> | align="left"| '''n'''akal |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ŋ}}</big> | align="left"| '''ng'''arai |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ɲ}}</big> | align="left"| '''ny'''aman |- |<big>{{IPAfont|p}}</big> | align="left"| '''p'''ola<ref name=stop/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|r}}</big> | align="left"| '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r'''<ref>SVSでは語末の /r/ は省略される（ただしLPSの影響もあり、公的な場ではあえて発音する場合もある）。</ref> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|s}}</big> | align="left"| '''s'''aya |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ʃ}}</big> | align="left"| '''sy'''ak<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|t}}</big> | align="left"| '''t'''ari<ref name=stop/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|tʃ}}</big> | align="left"| '''c'''ari |- |<big>{{IPAfont|v}}</big> | align="left"| '''v'''isa<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|w}}</big> | align="left"| '''w'''aktu, Ja'''w'''a |- |<big>{{IPAfont|x}}</big> | align="left"| '''kh'''as<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|z}}</big> | align="left"| '''z'''aman<ref name=loan/> |- |<big>{{IPAfont|ʔ}}</big> | align="left"| bapa'''k''', ra'''k'''yat<ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal>声門破裂音 [ʔ] は末尾子音 /k/, /ɡ/ の[[異音]]。{{w|ヒアートゥス}}の場合でも登場する。''bakso'', ''rakyat'' など、中間音ながら登場する場合もある。''Al Qur'an'' など、アラビア語由来であれば、アポストロフィで表現される場合もある。</ref> |- |} | style="vertical-align: top;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ 母音 |- ! colspan="2" | IPA ! rowspan="2" | 例 |- ! LPS ! SVS |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|a}}, {{IPAfont|ä}}</big> | align="left"| '''a'''j'''a'''r<ref>[{{IPAfont|ɑ}}] は、アラビア語借用語において、単語の子音を慎重に発音するときに時折現れる /a/ の異音。</ref> |- | <big>{{IPAfont|a}} {{IPAfont|ä}}</big> | <big>{{IPAfont|ə}}</big> | align="left" | buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">SVSでは、語末 /a/ の発音は [{{IPAfont|ə}}].</ref> |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|ə}}</big> | align="left"| g'''e'''lak |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|i}}</big> | align="left" | b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i''' |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|e}}</big> | align="left"| s'''e'''rong, bol'''e'''h |- | <big>{{IPAfont|i}}</big> | <big>{{IPAfont|e}}</big> | align="left" | pil'''i'''h, mak'''i'''n<ref name="high_allophone">[e, o] は固有語において、 /i, u/ の閉鎖音文節における異音だが、著者によってはそのような区別がないとする主張もある。ただしその主張が正しいなら、{{m|ms|burung}}, {{m|ms|borong}} などでは一つ目の u, o と二つ目のそれらが異音になるはずがないと言える。</ref> |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|ɛ}}</big> | align="left"| p'''e'''k, b'''e'''g<ref name=foreignVowel>西欧語族からの借用語では母音 [ɛ], [ɔ] が登場する（例: {{m|ms|pek}} [pɛk], {{m|ms|kos}} [kɔs]）。ただし、借用から時間がたった語は発音がマレー語一般の物へ変化している（例: {{m|ms|bomba}}, [bombə]）。</ref> |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|u}}</big> | align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u''' |- | colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAfont|o}}</big> | align="left"| r'''o'''da, r'''o'''b'''o'''h |- | <big>{{IPAfont|u}}</big> | <big>{{IPAfont|o}}</big> | tuj'''u'''h, rump'''u'''t<ref name=high_allophone/> |- | colspan="2" | <big>{{IPAfont|ɔ}}</big> | align="left"| k'''o'''s<ref name=foreignVowel/> |} <br/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+二重母音 |- ! IPA !! Examples |- |<big>au</big> | align="left"| kal'''au''' |- |<big>ai</big> | align="left"| cap'''ai''' |- |<big>oi</big> | align="left"| cak'''oi''' |- |<big>ei</big> | align="left"| M'''ei'''<ref name=FACE_vowel>[ei] はたいてい [e] に簡略化される。</ref> |- |<big>ui</big> | align="left"| fengs'''ui''' |} <br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ その他 |- ! IPA !! 説明 |- |align="center" |<big>{{IPAfont|ˈ}}</big> | 第一強勢。強勢音節に前置する<ref>強勢はたいてい最後から二番目の音節に落ち着く。その音節にシュワー [ə] があれば最後から三番目の音節に、なければ最終音節になる。接尾辞によっては強勢を置くため無視もありえる。</ref>。 |} |} == 脚注 == {{Reflist}} [[Category:発音|らてんこ]] [[カテゴリ:{{ms}}の付録|はつおんひようき]] qr1whedrsapic6zswjlvhy1oysehfyd 100 602771 2328318 2026-08-17T07:12:54Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Appendix:Latin pronunciation]] 2328318 wikitext text/x-wiki 以下に示す表は[[:w:国際音声記号|IPA]]によってラテン語の発音を表したものである。 == 母音 == 古典ラテン語においては長母音、短母音の区別がなされた。/a aː/ を除いたすべての母音においては、短母音は多くの形でより{{w|広母音|開口}}をするように再構されている。したがって{{w|ロマンス諸語|イタロ-西ロマンス諸語}}では、長母音の衰退に伴って短母音の i と u が、長母音の ē と ō が合流するようになっていった。 === Wiktionaryで用いる符号 === {| class="wikitable" |+ 古典ラテン語の単母音 ! rowspan="2" | 文字 !! rowspan="2" | 配置 || colspan="2" | IPA |- ! 記法 !! Wiktionary式記法 |- | a || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/a/}} || {{IPAchar|[a]}} |- | ā || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/aː/}} || {{IPAchar|[aː]}} |- | rowspan="2" | e || ほとんどの場合 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|/e/}} || {{IPAchar|[ɛ]}} |- | 母音の前 || {{IPAchar|[e]}} |- | ē || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/eː/}} || {{IPAchar|[eː]}} |- | rowspan="2" | i || ほとんどの場合 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|/i/}} || {{IPAchar|[ɪ]}} |- | 母音の前 || {{IPAchar|[i]}} |- | ī || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/iː/}} || {{IPAchar|[iː]}} |- | rowspan="2" | o || ほとんどの場合 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|/o/}} || {{IPAchar|[ɔ]}} |- | 母音の前 || {{IPAchar|[o]}} |- | ō || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/oː/}} || {{IPAchar|[oː]}} |- | rowspan="2" | u || ほとんどの場合 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|/u/}} || {{IPAchar|[ʊ]}} |- | 母音の前 || {{IPAchar|[u]}} |- | ū || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/uː/}} || {{IPAchar|[uː]}} |- | y || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/y/}} || {{IPAchar|[y]}} |- | ȳ || 全ての場合 || {{IPAchar|/yː/}} || {{IPAchar|[yː]}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+ 古典ラテン語の二重母音 ! Letters !! IPA |- | ae || {{IPAchar|/ae̯/}} |- | au || {{IPAchar|/au̯/}} |- | ei || {{IPAchar|/ei̯/}} |- | eu || {{IPAchar|/eu̯/}} |- | oe || {{IPAchar|/oe̯/}} |- | ui || {{IPAchar|/ui̯/}} |} ここにないが、{{w|倒置ブレーヴェ}}を用いて、母音が非独立音節であることを示す場合もある。 === 鼻音化母音 === 場合によって、鼻音の /m/, /n/が消失し、その代わりに前の母音が鼻音化（別の言い方をすれば、鼻音と前の母音と融合）することもある。これらは主に、-ns- または -nf- を含む語句 ({{m|la|ānser}}, {{m|la|cēnsus}}, {{m|la|īnferus}}, {{m|la|tōnsor}}, {{m|la|tūnsus}} など) 、語末の -m に子音が接続しない場合 ({{m|la|etiam}} など) で起こったと考えられている。 {| class="wikitable" |+ 古典ラテン語の鼻音化母音 ! 文字!! 配置 !! Wiktionary式記法 |- | ān || n, f の前 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|[ãː]}} |- | am || 語末 |- | ēn || n, f の前 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|[ẽː]}} |- | em || 語末 |- | īn || n, f の前 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|[ĩː]}} |- | im || 語末 |- | ōn || n, f の前 || {{IPAchar|[õː]}} |- | ūn || n, f の前 || rowspan="2" | {{IPAchar|[ũː]}} |- | um || 語末 |} === IとJの対立 === ラテン語において、古く "I" は母音、子音の両要素を兼ね持って（まれに一続き）おり、用法は単語における位置によっていた（多くは母音としての用法だった）。二つの要素においては、詩においても用法が区別された。 近代早期の俗習（それ自体は中世文字による）で見れば、一般・固有名詞を問わず、子音 "I" は "J" に置き換えられた。これは下記 "V" から "U" への変化と似ているが、変化の度合いはV→Uほどではない。 ===={{pron}}==== 母音: *{{a|古典ラテン語}}: IPA: 短: {{IPAchar|/i/}}, 長: {{IPAchar|/iː/}} 子音: *{{a|古典ラテン語}}: IPA: {{IPAchar|/j/}}, ただし母音間では{{IPAchar|/jj/}} 子音-母音列: *{{a|古典ラテン語}}: IPA: 母音後: {{IPAchar|/jji/}}, 子音後: {{IPAchar|/ji/}} === UとVの対立 === ラテン語において、"V" もまた上記と同様、母音、子音の両要素を兼ね備え、詩でも用法の区別があった。 現代のラテン語の慣習上は、母音としての V は "U" で、母音はそのままというように定められている（辞書類や、古典ラテン語を扱う文章の再販物でも同様）。例外的にすべて V で統一するのは、わざと古めかしい雰囲気を出したいときなど、一部に限られる。 ただし、一部対立が起きる語句があることに留意されたい。例として、{{m|la|servit}} ({{m|la|servīre}}の第三人称単数現在形) は発音が /ˈser.wit/ であり、{{m|la|seruit}} ({{m|la|serere}}の第三人称単数完了形) は発音が /ˈse.ru.it/ である。 ===={{pron}}==== 子音: *{{a|古典ラテン語}}: : IPA: {{IPAchar|/w/}}, (in Greek loanwords between vowels) {{IPAchar|/ww/}} 母音: *{{a|古典ラテン語}}: : IPA: short {{IPAchar|/u/}}, long {{IPAchar|/uː/}} == 子音 == *'''子音''': b (ps, pt) k d f g (ŋ) h j k l m n p kw r s t w ks z kʰ pʰ tʰ === /r/ の異音 === ラテン語では{{w|R音}}の存在が認められており、Wiktionaryでは /r/ で音韻が表記されるが、古典ラテン語の /r/ は複数の音韻を含んでいた（=[[異音]]）と考えられている。 {{w|巻き舌}}音 [r] は、次の状況に際して登場した可能性が高いと考えられている: *小休止を挟んだ語頭。 *二重に子音が重なる、つまり /r.r/ [rː] というような発音となる場合 (例: {{m|la|terra}})。 多く、古典ラテン語の研究資料ではこちらの方がより主要な発音として紹介されている。 {{w|有声歯・歯茎たたき音およびはじき音|歯茎たたき音・はじき音}}は、語中の母音間の位置で、単一子音の場合においての /r/ の別形と考えられている。一部古典ラテン語の研究資料では、古典ラテン語 /r/ に [ɾ] を主要な発音として充てている。 ただしこれらは諸説ある問題であり、語の周囲の音韻、単語や形態素の位置、話す速度に話し方など、諸要素が絡み合って結果異音と見做されたという可能性も考えられる。上では主要な二つを挙げたが、{{w|摩擦音}}が /r/ の異音として使われた可能性もある。 Wiktionaryにおいては、これらの原因から /r/ の区別は行わず、単一の [r] と見做してIPAの導出を行う。 == 教会ラテン語の発音 == Wiktionaryの多くの項目では、19世紀のローマ・カトリック教会系で普及していたイタリア語風の発音を採択している。文字通りイタリア語由来であり、古典ラテン語にはない、e や i の前の c /t͡ʃ/ などに見られる。英語版Wikipediaの ''[[:en:Italianate Latin|Italianate Latin]]'' も参照のこと。 [[Category:発音|らてんこ]] [[カテゴリ:{{la}}の付録|はつおんひようき]] 77wdqxm6l2m7eif59iyrs6ccfwek9rp 100 602772 2328319 2026-08-17T07:12:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:w:en:Peng'im]]の表を借りながら作成 2328319 wikitext text/x-wiki 日本語版Wiktionaryでは、広東省教育部によって定められた『潮州話拼音方案』によって音声を表す。 == 発音 == === 声母 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto" |+声母 ! colspan="2" | !両唇音 !歯茎音 !軟口蓋音 !声門音 |- ! rowspan="2" |有声 !<small>鼻音</small> |m<br>{{IPAfont|[m]}}<br>毛 |n<br>{{IPAfont|[n]}}<br>年 |ng<br>{{IPAfont|[ŋ]}}<br>雅 | |- !<small>破裂音/側面音</small> |bh<br>{{IPAfont|[b]}}<br>米 |l<br>{{IPAfont|[l]}}<br>來/內 |gh<br>{{IPAfont|[g]}}<br>鵝/牙 | |- ! rowspan="2" |無声破裂音 !<small>有気音</small> |p<br>{{IPAfont|[pʰ]}}<br>皮 |t<br>{{IPAfont|[tʰ]}}<br>臺 |k<br>{{IPAfont|[kʰ]}}<br>可 | |- !<small>無気音</small> |b<br>{{IPAfont|[p]}}<br>比 |d<br>{{IPAfont|[t]}}<br>都 |g<br>{{IPAfont|[k]}}<br>歌 |<br>{{IPAfont|[ʔ]}} |- ! rowspan="2" |無声破擦音 !<small>有気音</small> | |c<br>{{IPAfont|[tsʰ]}}<br>菜 | | |- !<small>無気音</small> | |z<br>{{IPAfont|[ts]}}<br>書 | | |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |摩擦音 | rowspan="2" | |s<br>{{IPAfont|[s]}}<br>士/速 | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |h<br>{{IPAfont|[h]}}<br>海/系 |- |r<br>{{IPAfont|[dz]}}/<br>{{IPAfont|[(d)z]}}<br>爾 |} === 韻母 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto" ! colspan="4" |韻母 |- | || 開母音 || 中央母音 || 閉母音 |- | rowspan=10|単複韻母|| || i<br>{{IPAfont|[i]}}<br>衣 || u<br>{{IPAfont|[u]}}<br>汙 |- | a<br>{{IPAfont|[a]}}<br>亞 || ia<br>{{IPAfont|[ia]}}<br>呀 || ua<br>{{IPAfont|[ua]}}<br>娃 |- | o<br>{{IPAfont|[o]}}<br>窩 || io<br>{{IPAfont|[io]}}<br>腰 || |- | ê<br>{{IPAfont|[e]}}<br>啞 || || uê<br>{{IPAfont|[ue]}}<br>鍋 |- | e<br>{{IPAfont|[ɯ]}}<br>余 || || |- | ai<br>{{IPAfont|[ai]}}<br>哀 || || uai<br>{{IPAfont|[uai]}}<br>歪 |- | oi<br>{{IPAfont|[oi]}}<br>鞋 || || ui<br>{{IPAfont|[ui]}}<br>威 |- | ao<br>{{IPAfont|[au]}}<br>歐 || || |- | ou<br>{{IPAfont|[ou]}}<br>烏 || iou<br>{{IPAfont|[iou]}}<br>夭 || |- | || iu<br>{{IPAfont|[iu]}}<br>憂 || |- | rowspan=7|鼻化韻母 || || in<br>{{IPAfont|[ĩ]}}<br>丸 || |- | an<br>{{IPAfont|[ã]}}<br>噯 || ian<br>{{IPAfont|[ĩã]}}<br>營 || uan<br>{{IPAfont|[ũã]}}<br>鞍 |- | || ion<br>{{IPAfont|[ĩõ]}}<br>羊 || |- | ên<br>{{IPAfont|[ẽ]}}<br>楹 || || |- | en<br>{{IPAfont|[ɯ̃]}}<br>秧 || || |- | ain<br>{{IPAfont|[ãĩ]}}<br>愛 || || |- | oin<br>{{IPAfont|[õĩ]}}<br>閑 || || |- | rowspan=6|鼻韻母|| || im<br>{{IPAfont|[im]}}<br>音 || |- | am<br>{{IPAfont|[am]}}[庵]<ref name="pengim">廣州話、客家話、潮汕話與普通話對照詞典（2005年），第545頁。</ref> || iam<br>{{IPAfont|[iam]}}<br>淹 || uam<br>{{IPAfont|[uam]}}<br>凡 |- | || ing<br>{{IPAfont|[iŋ]}}<br>因 || ung<br>{{IPAfont|[uŋ]}}<br>溫 |- | ang<br>{{IPAfont|[aŋ]}}<br>按 || iang<br>{{IPAfont|[iaŋ]}}<br>央 || uang<br>{{IPAfont|[uaŋ]}}<br>汪 |- | ong<br>{{IPAfont|[oŋ]}}<br>翁 || iong<br>{{IPAfont|[ioŋ]}}<br>雍 || |- | êng<br>{{IPAfont|[eŋ]}}<br>英 || || |- | rowspan=11|入声 || || ih<br>{{IPAfont|[iʔ]}}<br>裂 || |- | ah<br>{{IPAfont|[aʔ]}}<br>鴨 || iah<br>{{IPAfont|[iaʔ]}}<br>益 || uah<br>{{IPAfont|[uaʔ]}}<br>活 |- | oh<br>{{IPAfont|[oʔ]}}<br>學 || ioh<br>{{IPAfont|[ioʔ]}}<br>約 || |- | êh<br>{{IPAfont|[eʔ]}}<br>厄 || || |- | oih<br>{{IPAfont|[oiʔ]}}<br>狹 || || |- | || ib<br>{{IPAfont|[ip̚]}}<br>邑 || |- | ab<br>{{IPAfont|[ap̚]}}<br>盒 || iab<br>{{IPAfont|[iap̚]}}<br>壓 || uab<br>{{IPAfont|[uap̚]}}<br>法 |- | || ig<br>{{IPAfont|[ik̚]}}<br>乙 || ug<br>{{IPAfont|[uk̚]}}<br>熨 |- | ag<br>{{IPAfont|[ak̚]}}<br>[惡]<ref name="pengim" /> || iag<br>{{IPAfont|[iak̚]}}<br>躍 || uag<br>{{IPAfont|[uak̚]}}<br>蕕[獲]<ref name="pengim" /> |- | og<br>{{IPAfont|[ok̚]}}<br>屋 || iog<br>{{IPAfont|[iok̚]}}<br>育 || |- | êg<br>{{IPAfont|[ek̚]}}<br>液 || || |} === 声調 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto" ! colspan="9"|声調 |- | 声調名 || 陰平 || 陰上 || 陰去 || 陰入 || 陽平 || 陽上 || 陽去 || 陽入 |- | 調値 || 33 || 52 || 213 || 2 || 55 || 35 ||11 || 4 |- | 声調番号 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 |} == 方言差異 == 方言によって韻母に違いがみられる。以下は一般的な規則の表であり、特定の単語について説明しているわけでないことに留意されたい。 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto 1em auto" |- | 汕頭 || 饒平 || 潮州 || 澄海 || 普寧 || 揭陽 || 潮陽 || 海豐 || 例字 |- | e || || || || e || || u || i || 餘，許，豬，祠 |- | oi || || || || ôi || || || ei ||鞋 |- | uin || || || || ui || ui || uain|| || 跪，櫃 |- | oin || oin/êng|| || || ain || ain || ain || ain || 閒，殿 |- | oih || || || || || || || eih ||狹 |- | iao/iou||iao || iou || iou || io/iao || || || || 搖，要 |- | io || || ie || ie || io || || || || 腰 |- | ion || || ien || ien || ion || || || || 羊 |- | ioh || || ieh || ieh || ioh || || || || 借，惜，藥，石 |- | am[am] || || || ang[aŋ] || am[am] || || || ||庵 |- | ab[ap] || || || ag[ak] || ap || || || ||盒 |- | iam[iam] || || iem[iem] || iang[iaŋ] || iam[iam] || || || ||嚴 |- | iab[iap] || || ieb[iep] || iag [iak] || iap || || || ||壓 |- | im[im] || || || ing [iŋ] || im || || || ||音 |- | ib[ip] || || || ig [ik] || ip || || || ||溼 |- | ang[aŋ] || || || || ang || || || || 安 |- | ag [ak] || || || || âk || || || || 達 |- | iang[iaŋ] || || iêng[ieŋ] || || iang || || || || 仙 |- | iag [iak] || || iêg[iek] || || iâk || || || || 傑，設 |- | uang[uaŋ] || || uêng[ueŋ] || || uâng || || || || 全，完，緣，彎 |- | uag [uak] || || uêg [uek] || || uâk || || || || 粵 |- | eng [ɯŋ] || eng/ing || || || êng/ung || êng[eŋ] || ing[iŋ] || ng/eng || 斤 |- | eg [ɯk] || || || || êg [ek] || êg [ek] || ig[ik] || || 乞 |- | ing[iŋ] || || || || ing || êng[eŋ] || || in[in] || 因 |- | ung[uŋ] || || || || ung || || || un[un] || 溫 |} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} [[Category:発音|ちようしゆうこ]] [[カテゴリ:{{zh}}の付録|はつおんひようき]] 9pdam56xog4khnhwcvljvkegprhe5a0 100 602773 2328320 2026-08-17T07:13:30Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:Appendix:Spanish pronunciation]] 2328320 wikitext text/x-wiki 以下の表では、[[国際音声記号|IPA]]および[[SAMPA]]にしたがってスペイン語の音韻を説明している。なお、[[単母音]]、[[二重母音]]のいずれも掲載している。 {| style="background:none;" | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" |+[[母音]] !scope="col"| [[w:国際音声記号|IPA]] !scope="col"| [[w:SAMPA|SAMPA]] !scope="col"| 例 |- |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|a}} | a | [[alto|'''a'''lto]], [[mar|m'''a'''r]], {{l|es|luna|lun'''a'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ai}} | ai | {{l|es|aire|'''ai'''re}}, {{l|es|vaina|v'''ai'''na}}, {{l|es|hay|h'''ay'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|au}} | au | {{l|es|aura|'''au'''ra}}, {{l|es|flauta|fl'''au'''ta}}, {{l|es|miau|mi'''au'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|e}} | e | {{l|es|esto|'''e'''sto}}, [[cielo|ci'''e'''lo]], {{l|es|madre|madr'''e'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ei}} | ei | {{l|es|peine|p'''ei'''ne}}, {{l|es|rey|r'''ey'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|eu}} | eu | {{l|es|europeo|'''eu'''ropeo}}, {{l|es|reuma|r'''eu'''ma}}, {{l|es|deuda|d'''eu'''da}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|i}} | i | {{l|es|isla|'''i'''sla}}, {{l|es|vino|v'''i'''no}}, {{l|es|casi|cas'''i'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|iu}} | iu | {{l|es|diu|d'''iu'''}}, {{l|es|chiwchi|ch'''iw'''chi}}, {{l|es|mildíu|mild'''íu'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|o}} | o | {{l|es|ola|'''o'''la}}, [[broma|br'''o'''ma]], {{l|es|sapo|sap'''o'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|oi}} | oi | {{l|es|oigo|'''oi'''go}}, {{l|es|boina|b'''oi'''na}}, {{l|es|hoy|h'''oy'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ou}} | ou |[[bou|b'''ou''']], [[estadounidense|estad'''ou'''nidense]] |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|u}} | u | {{l|es|uva|'''u'''va}}, {{l|es|alud|al'''u'''d}}, {{l|es|tribu|trib'''u'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ui}} | ui | {{l|es|uy|'''uy'''}}, {{l|es|muy|m'''uy'''}} |-align="center" |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" |+[[子音]] !scope="col"| [[w:国際音声記号|IPA]] !scope="col"| [[w:SAMPA|SAMPA]] !scope="col"| 例 |- |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|b}} | b | {{l|es|barco|'''b'''arco}}, {{l|es|tumba|tum'''b'''a}}, {{l|es|vida|'''v'''ida}}, {{l|es|invierno|in'''v'''ierno}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|β̞}} | B_o | {{l|es|cabeza|ca'''b'''eza}}, {{l|es|pueblo|pue'''b'''lo}}, {{l|es|nuevo|nue'''v'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|d̪}} | d_d | {{l|es|día|'''d'''ía}}, {{l|es|caldo|cal'''d'''o}}, {{l|es|candado|can'''d'''ado}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ð̞}} | D | {{l|es|candado|canda'''d'''o}}, {{l|es|virtud|virtu'''d'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|f}} | f | {{l|es|fuente|'''f'''uente}}, {{l|es|afán|a'''f'''án}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ɡ}} | g | {{l|es|gota|'''g'''ota}}, {{l|es|mango|man'''g'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ɣ̞}} or {{IPAfont|ɰ}} | G or M\ | {{l|es|lago|la'''g'''o}}, {{l|es|amargo|amar'''g'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|j}} | j | {{l|es|miau|m'''i'''au}}, {{l|es|cielo|c'''i'''elo}}, {{l|es|opción|opc'''i'''ón}}, {{l|es|viuda|v'''i'''uda}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ɟʝ}} | J\j\ | {{l|es|hielo|'''hi'''elo}}, {{l|es|yeso|'''y'''eso}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ʝ}} | j\ | {{l|es|ayer|a'''y'''er}}, {{l|es|mayo|ma'''y'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|k}} | k | {{l|es|campo|'''c'''ampo}}, {{l|es|vaca|va'''c'''a}}, {{l|es|kilo|'''k'''ilo}}, {{l|es|queso|'''qu'''eso}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|l}} | l | {{l|es|león|'''l'''eón}}, {{l|es|mula|mu'''l'''a}}, {{l|es|coral|cora'''l'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ʎ}} | L | {{l|es|llave|'''ll'''ave}}, {{l|es|cuello|cue'''ll'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|m}} | m | {{l|es|monte|'''m'''onte}}, {{l|es|cama|ca'''m'''a}}, {{l|es|invierno|i'''n'''vierno}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|n}} | n | {{l|es|nieto|'''n'''ieto}}, {{l|es|cana|ca'''n'''a}}, {{l|es|pan|pa'''n'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ɲ}} | J | {{l|es|ñandú|'''ñ'''andú}}, {{l|es|mañana|ma'''ñ'''ana}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ŋ}} | N | {{l|es|cinco|ci'''n'''co}}, {{l|es|ángel|á'''n'''gel}}, {{l|es|rango|ra'''n'''go}}, {{l|es|naranja|nara'''n'''ja}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|p}} | p | {{l|es|puente|'''p'''uente}}, {{l|es|capa|ca'''p'''a}}, {{l|es|chip|chi'''p'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|r}} | r | {{l|es|reino|'''r'''eino}}, {{l|es|enredar|en'''r'''edar}}, {{l|es|carro|ca'''rr'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ɾ}} | 4 | {{l|es|caro|ca'''r'''o}}, {{l|es|mandril|mand'''r'''il}}, {{l|es|robar|roba'''r'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|s}} | s | {{l|es|siglo|'''s'''iglo}}, {{l|es|mesa|me'''s'''a}}, {{l|es|ciprés|cipré'''s'''}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|θ}} | T | {{l|es|cien|'''c'''ien}}, {{l|es|sauce|sau'''c'''e}}, {{l|es|voz|vo'''z'''}}, {{l|es|zurdo|'''z'''urdo}}, {{l|es|enzima|en'''z'''ima}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|t̪}} | t_d | {{l|es|tiempo|'''t'''iempo}}, {{l|es|atún|a'''t'''ún}}, {{l|es|martes|mar'''t'''es}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|tʃ}} | tS | {{l|es|chile|'''ch'''ile}}, {{l|es|macho|ma'''ch'''o}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|w}} | w | {{l|es|huevo|h'''u'''evo}}, {{l|es|cuido|c'''u'''ido}}, {{l|es|sándwich|sánd'''w'''ich}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|x}} | x | {{l|es|joven|'''j'''oven}}, {{l|es|gente|'''g'''ente}}, {{l|es|maja|ma'''j'''a}}, {{l|es|México|Mé'''x'''ico}} |-align="center" !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|z}} | z | {{l|es|desde|de'''s'''de}}, {{l|es|isla|i'''s'''la}}, {{l|es|mismo|mi'''s'''mo}}, {{l|es|deshuesar|de'''s'''huesar}} |} |} また、{{w|強勢}}を表すときは、IPAやSAMPAでは以下のようにする。 {| class="wikitable" |+強勢記号 !scope="col"| [[w:国際音声記号|IPA]] !scope="col"| [[w:SAMPA|SAMPA]] !scope="col"| 説明 |- !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ˈ}} ({{IPAfont|ˈ}}a) | " ("a) | 第一強勢 |- !scope="row"| {{IPAfont|ˌ}} ({{IPAfont|ˌ}}a) | % (%a) | 第二強勢、まれに第三強勢 |- !scope="row"| a{{IPAfont|.}}a | a.a | 分綴の区切りに用いる |} [[Category:発音|すへいんこ]] [[カテゴリ:{{es}}の付録|はつおんひようき]] t2ankq23x0t1fza4f0r75000puc1u4f 0 602774 2328325 2026-08-17T09:36:47Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|バンドン}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[半ドン]]】半日の休日。」 2328325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|バンドン}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[半ドン]]】半日の休日。 804jgniga5o5ueudhwz2c807cxwve0j 0 602775 2328327 2026-08-17T09:54:31Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんか}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんか]]}} #[[さまざま]]に[[変化]]すること。 #*[[千変万化]] #[[万物]]が[[化育]]されること。 #[[大自然]]。」 2328327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんか}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんか]]}} #[[さまざま]]に[[変化]]すること。 #*[[千変万化]] #[[万物]]が[[化育]]されること。 #[[大自然]]。 nqd38bz89wt7h0017xel1k7e3xwui26 2328328 2328327 2026-08-17T09:55:44Z うーむ 129171 うーむ がページ「[[万変]]」を「[[万化]]」に移動しました: 間違いのため 2328327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんか}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんか]]}} #[[さまざま]]に[[変化]]すること。 #*[[千変万化]] #[[万物]]が[[化育]]されること。 #[[大自然]]。 nqd38bz89wt7h0017xel1k7e3xwui26 0 602776 2328329 2026-08-17T09:55:44Z うーむ 129171 うーむ がページ「[[万変]]」を「[[万化]]」に移動しました: 間違いのため 2328329 wikitext text/x-wiki #転送 [[万化]] b2ztawze4ouaa9496ux1qrmsjvpyzxh 2328331 2328329 2026-08-17T09:59:12Z うーむ 129171 [[万化]] へのリダイレクトを解除しました 2328331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ばんぺん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ばんぺん]]}} #[[さまざま]]に[[変化]]すること。[[千変]]。[[万化]]。 m5p8xdezzgqcrucvnp5corshwtf7p3p 2 602777 2328332 2026-08-17T10:14:48Z 飛行機が好きでたまらない男 133022 /* */ 自己紹介と謝罪 2328332 wikitext text/x-wiki はじめまして！飛行機が好きでたまらない男です！✈️ 物凄く飛行機✈️が好きなので、家族には、飛行機✈️の話しかしていません。www ==この人ってどんな人？== 物凄く飛行機を語っていた、飛行機博士。 ==編集ブロックやアカウント消した人へ。== この度は、ぼく自信も、わかっていなくて、複数アカウントの悪用をしました。ぼくは、複数アカウントしたら、誰でも、仲良くなれると思いまして、この度の件をしてしまいました。すみませんでした。 a9aazzllu3nw2f8z6b76osqul5j6qe6 3 602778 2328333 2026-08-17T10:15:47Z 飛行機が好きでたまらない男 133022 /* */ 謝罪 2328333 wikitext text/x-wiki すみませんでした。🙇 7vy65u7ekberpsbxlovl5tesg3cpa8i 0 602779 2328336 2026-08-17T10:39:25Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐍅𐌴𐌽𐍃]]より 2328336 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gem-pro|got}} {{m|gem-pro|*wēniz}} ==={{noun}}=== {{got-noun|f}} #[[希望]]、[[期待]]。 #: {{syn|got|𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃}} {{got-decl-noun-i-f|wēn}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|got|𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌴𐌽𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍉}} * {{l|got|𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌽𐌰}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|got|𐍅𐌴𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽}} hz50pxnnfrhyr9pg0esgzvumaqmhwf8 0 602780 2328337 2026-08-17T10:41:08Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]]より 2328337 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|got|*𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽|-𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr1=*lubān}} ==={{noun}}=== {{got-noun|f}} #{{おくりがな2|望|のぞ|み|のぞみ}}、[[希望]]。 #: {{syn|got|𐍅𐌴𐌽𐍃}} {{got-decl-noun-i-f|lubain}} ikq8bks56abnzahhqvx8n85zpqujeqf 0 602781 2328339 2026-08-17T10:44:26Z M-30722 1202 [[en:-𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]]より 2328339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃}} =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gem-pro|got}} {{m|gem-pro||*-ai-}} + {{m|gem-pro|*-niz}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=got|ɛːns}} ==={{suffix}}=== {{got-suffix|f}} #{{l|got|-𐌰𐌽|tr=-ān}}が付く弱変化第3類動詞に付いて抽象名詞を作る。 {{got-decl-noun-i-f|-ain}} d300573fg281fo8wnk29lfpl8slvabd 0 602782 2328340 2026-08-17T10:47:05Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|カスティーリャおうこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-nama|カスティーリャおうこく}} #{{タグ|ja|南ヨーロッパ史}}1035年から1715年まで[[イベリア半島]]中央部に存在した[[国家]]。」 2328340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|カスティーリャおうこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-nama|カスティーリャおうこく}} #{{タグ|ja|南ヨーロッパ史}}1035年から1715年まで[[イベリア半島]]中央部に存在した[[国家]]。 05nge5l6574urbol3g5h0q86qc7z87q 2328341 2328340 2026-08-17T10:47:15Z 鍼灸 112313 2328341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|カスティーリャおうこく}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name|カスティーリャおうこく}} #{{タグ|ja|南ヨーロッパ史}}1035年から1715年まで[[イベリア半島]]中央部に存在した[[国家]]。 p5xzuln9plfyqvxqwc3xtes48x87z6n 10 602783 2328342 2026-08-17T10:47:44Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2328342 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{head|fr|suffix|head={{{head|}}}<!-- -->|g={{#switch:{{{1|g}}}|m|f|n={{{1|g}}}}}<!-- -->}}[[カテゴリ:{{got}}_接尾辞"{{PAGENAME}}"|*]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:{{got}}_見出し語テンプレート]]</noinclude> 2qs40w3m1vgqb3giehlhkr5s6ha1m9s 2328344 2328342 2026-08-17T10:49:32Z M-30722 1202 テスト 2328344 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{head|fr|suffix|head={{{head|}}}<!-- -->|g={{#switch:{{{1|{{{g}}}}}}|m|f|n={{{1|{{{g}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}[[カテゴリ:{{got}}_接尾辞"{{PAGENAME}}"|*]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:{{got}}_見出し語テンプレート]]</noinclude> kxzrilybl1f3d3zadkc0jfknidarusp 2328348 2328344 2026-08-17T10:52:48Z M-30722 1202 2328348 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{head|got|suffix|head={{{head|}}}<!-- -->|g={{#switch:{{{1|{{{g}}}}}}|m|f|n={{{1|{{{g}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}[[カテゴリ:{{got}}_接尾辞"{{PAGENAME}}"|*]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[カテゴリ:{{got}}_見出し語テンプレート]]</noinclude> mxfbfo9ewp4gl9bj1pgljx3ylmdgxwd 0 602784 2328343 2026-08-17T10:49:18Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんべん|はんぺん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[万変]]】千変。万化。」 2328343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんべん|はんぺん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[万変]]】千変。万化。 33zeeqdvk3k635hdg8e7uk51wrdcndx 0 602785 2328345 2026-08-17T10:51:40Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|地名}} [[カスティーリャ王国]]に属していた地域の中央部。」 2328345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{name}}=== {{ja-name}} #{{タグ|ja|地名}} [[カスティーリャ王国]]に属していた地域の中央部。 dry4gdqez2cqeyvxvoagl13r9bwcuyg 0 602786 2328346 2026-08-17T10:52:02Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんべん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[はんべん]]}} #[[豆腐]]。また、豆腐を焼いて[[味噌]]で煮た[[食品]]。」 2328346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんべん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[はんべん]]}} #[[豆腐]]。また、豆腐を焼いて[[味噌]]で煮た[[食品]]。 8023hrtozayjnu7chwgeao6itucixzl 10 602787 2328347 2026-08-17T10:52:21Z M-30722 1202 説明作成 2328347 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{documentation subpage}}</noinclude> __TOC__ ==使い方== ゴート語の接尾辞に用いる見出し語テンプレートです。 ==引数== {| class="wikitable" border="1" |+ 引数の一覧 ! 引数 !! 指定内容 !! 既定値 !! 説明 |- ! head | 見出し || 項目名 || 見出しを指定する |- ! 1 又は g | 性 || 無し || 性を指定する。m:男性、f:女性、n:中性 |} ==カテゴリ== このテンプレートは、貼り付けられたページに次のカテゴリを適用します: {| class="wikitable" ! カテゴリ !! ソートキー |- | カテゴリ:ゴート語 || 項目名又はデフォルトソートで指定されたもの |- | カテゴリ:ゴート語‎ 接尾辞 || 上記に同じ |- | カテゴリ:ゴート語‎ 接尾辞"（項目名）" || * |} ==使用例== *[[-𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]] → <nowiki>{{got-suffix|f}}</nowiki> 61tf5do6uxg6ln9sbqtye9f2e6q9iaw 14 602788 2328349 2026-08-17T10:53:23Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2328349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[カテゴリ:{{got}}_{{suffix}}|𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]] qo6b64kf2m347kuzvtqc4j7d7m37ldw 0 602789 2328350 2026-08-17T10:54:50Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんべん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[はんべん]]}} #[[かえりみる|顧みる]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|はんべん}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2328350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんべん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[はんべん]]}} #[[かえりみる|顧みる]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|はんべん}} {{日本語サ変活用}} rl92rf2k8f3fl7m4d98rxcsh5puxttt 0 602790 2328351 2026-08-17T10:55:23Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]]より 2328351 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|got|𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽|-𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr1=anakunnān}} ==={{noun}}=== {{got-noun|f}} #[[読書]]、{{おくりがな2|読|よ|む|よむ}}こと。 {{got-decl-noun-i-f|anakunnain}} 6azqm1wqpcwds4uczm3p4gc2olq0wrj 0 602791 2328352 2026-08-17T10:56:40Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんぺん|ばんぺん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[半弁]]】豆腐。 *【[[盼眄]]】顧みること。」 2328352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|はんぺん|ばんぺん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[半弁]]】豆腐。 *【[[盼眄]]】顧みること。 1nhd5tqyyz2s4wpoo3hgonwcykbuccy 0 602792 2328353 2026-08-17T10:56:49Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽]]より 2328353 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|got|𐌰𐌽𐌰-|𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽}} ==={{verb}}=== {{got-verb|tr=anakunnān}} #（勉強などのために）{{おくりがな2|読|よ|む|よむ}}。 {{got-conj-wk3|anakunn}} ===={{coor}}==== * {{l|got|𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|got|𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃}} rx4fmraw8pamjlakndwrwap0dzhhytj 0 602793 2328355 2026-08-17T10:59:53Z M-30722 1202 [[en:perfective aspect]]より 2328355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:perfectiveaspect}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{alter}}=== *略語: {{l|en|pf.}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-perfective aspect.wav|a=Southern England}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|-}} #{{タグ|en|文法}}[[完結相]]。 ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|en|aorist aspect}} * {{l|en|imperfective aspect}} * {{l|en|iterative aspect}} * {{l|en|semelfactive aspect}} tqtbrx1ynh9ym4ygfm7llvbdj95yodk 0 602794 2328356 2026-08-17T11:03:00Z M-30722 1202 [[en:imperfective aspect]]より 2328356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:imperfectiveaspect}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-imperfective aspect.wav|a=Southern England}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|-}} #{{タグ|en|文法}}[[非完結相]]。 ===={{coor}}==== * {{l|en|perfective aspect}} ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|en|aorist aspect}} * {{l|en|iterative aspect}} * {{l|en|perfective aspect}} * {{l|en|semelfactive aspect}} peesm4kxhz2098tc3m5t0koz7oio9sz 0 602795 2328358 2026-08-17T11:06:25Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽]]より 2328358 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|got|𐌿𐍃-|𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽}} ==={{verb}}=== {{got-verb}} {{タグ|got|perfective}} #[[音読]]する、[[朗読]]する。 {{got-conj-st|class=3|ussiggw|ussaggw|ussuggw|ussuggw|past2sg=ussanht}} ===={{coor}}==== * {{l|got|𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽}} 06imptun7iqha7cjzyr57v4thui57bv 0 602796 2328359 2026-08-17T11:08:34Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょくたく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しょくたく]]}} #[[未開]]の地を切り開き、そこに[[定住]]すること。[[開拓]]と[[植民]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しょくたく}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2328359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょくたく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しょくたく]]}} #[[未開]]の地を切り開き、そこに[[定住]]すること。[[開拓]]と[[植民]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しょくたく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 3gcceeuzijxyh4zqmo9l6u0ttdjfa63 2328361 2328359 2026-08-17T11:09:07Z うーむ 129171 2328361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たくしょく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[たくしょく]]}} #[[未開]]の地を切り開き、そこに[[定住]]すること。[[開拓]]と[[植民]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しょくたく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} tomrp4wcp0chmtyt6ngxnp327s5ihhj 2328362 2328361 2026-08-17T11:09:24Z うーむ 129171 2328362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たくしょく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[たくしょく]]}} #[[未開]]の地を切り開き、そこに[[定住]]すること。[[開拓]]と[[植民]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|たくしょく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} qhpmr6deueyvaekiycf73qmieebfvcs 0 602797 2328360 2026-08-17T11:08:41Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]]新規作成 2328360 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|got|𐌰𐍄-|𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽|-𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=got|atˈwitɛːns}} ==={{noun}}=== {{got-noun|f}} #[[観察]]、[[観測]]。 {{got-decl-noun-i-f|atwitain}} ec9eolmbf2rd67l8dawx2x8d4ifraq5 0 602798 2328363 2026-08-17T11:11:22Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃]]より 2328363 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|got|𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽|-𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃}} ==={{noun}}=== {{got-noun|f}} #[[住居]]。 {{got-decl-noun-i-f|bauain}} agumrvdfometamsavhypxwdz8elfrij 0 602799 2328364 2026-08-17T11:11:46Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たくしょく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たくしょく]]}} #[[いろつや|色艶]]。[[色沢]]。」 2328364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たくしょく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たくしょく]]}} #[[いろつや|色艶]]。[[色沢]]。 hsbep9m22a05bk0p6ljj0kdcdlpyupu 0 602800 2328367 2026-08-17T11:14:52Z M-30722 1202 [[en:𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽]]より 2328367 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|got}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gem-pro|got}} {{m|gem-pro|*būaną}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=got|ˈbɔːan}} ==={{verb}}=== {{got-verb}} #{{おくりがな2|住|す|む|すむ}}、[[居住]]する。 {{got-conj-bauan}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|got|𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃}} * {{l|got|𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽}} 8lk8i2b33n4k4zwyfo6wgt7lcy97qfm 0 602801 2328369 2026-08-17T11:27:02Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[沢色]]】いろつや。 *【[[拓殖]]】開拓と植民。」 2328369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[沢色]]】いろつや。 *【[[拓殖]]】開拓と植民。 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