Wikipédia

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      <text bytes="15386" sha1="p4z95yjfdwr5t3qqss88zwo1adndbo5" xml:space="preserve">{🔌⌨️⚓️🔌🖱️⚓️🔌🖥️⚓️🔌multiscript|🔌🎥🔌💽Wikipédia|🔕🎛️⚓️ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪ}}
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| logo = https://www.google.com/search?q=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;hl=th-th&amp;client=safari
| screenshot = [[Gambar:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|border|280px|Gambar layar portal multibasa Wikipédia.]]
| caption = Gambar layar portal multibasa Wikipédia.
| url = [http://www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org]
| type of organization = [[Nirlaba]]
| location = [[Miami, Florida]]
| type = [[Ensiklopedia daring]]
| language = 236 edisi aktif (total 253)&lt;ref name=&quot;ListOfWikipédias&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics | title = Statistik | publisher = [[Wikipédia basa Inggris]] | accessdate = 2008-06-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| registration = Opsional
| owner = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
| author = [[Jimmy Wales]], [[Larry Sanger]]&lt;ref name=projectorigins&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|author=Jonathan Sidener|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|accessdate=2006-10-15|publisher=San Diego Union Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| launch date = {{birth date|2001|1|15}}
| commercial = Boten
| current status = Salebetipun prosès ingkang tansah lumampah teras (boten bakal rampung)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://en.Wikipédia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Wikipédia_is_a_work_in_progress |title=Wikipédia:Wikipédia is a work in progress |accessdate=2008-07-03 |publisher=Wikipédia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| slogan = ''The free encyclopedia that anyone can edit''.
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'''Wikipédia''' (&lt;small&gt;pangucapan:&lt;/small&gt; Wi·ki·pæ·di·a &lt;small&gt;utawi&lt;/small&gt; Wi·ki·pi·di·a) punika proyèk [[ensiklopedia]] [[multibasa]] [[sajeroning jaringan|salebetipun jaringan]] ingkang [[Isi bébas|bébas]] lan ''[[Isi terbuka|terbuka]]'', ingkang dipunlampahaken déning [[Wikimedia Foundation]], satunggiling organisasi [[nirlaba]] ingkang basisipun ing [[Amérikah Sarékat]]. Nami Wikipédia asalipun saking gabungan tembung ''[[wiki]]'' lan ''encyclopedia''. Wikipédia dipunrilis nalika taun 2001 déning [[Jimmy Wales]] lan [[Larry Sanger]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Miliard&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|title=Wikipediots: Who are these devoted, even obsessive contributors to Wikipédia?|accessdate=2008-02-21|date=2008-03-01|publisher=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]|first=Mike|last=Miliard|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416143610/http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan sapunika minangka [[karya réferènsi]] paling ageng, rikat ngrembaka, lan populèr ing [[internet]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|title=Look Who's Using Wikipédia|first=Bill|last=Tancer|date=2007-05-01|publisher=[[Time (majalah)|TIME]]|accessdate=2007-12-01|quote=|archive-date=2012-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803185245/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;go-to site&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708 |title=Wikipédia remains go-to site for online news |date=2007-07-08 |accessdate=2007-12-16 |first=Alex |last=Woodson |publisher=[[Reuters]] |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Proyèk Wikipédia gadhah don kanggé maringaken [[èlmu pengetahuan|èlmu pangertosan]] manungsa&lt;ref&gt;[http://interviews.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/28/1351230 Wikipédia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds]. [[Slashdot]]. 28 Juli 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; ugi ndamel [[bauwarna]] ingkang pepak piyambak ing sadaya basa ing saubengipun donya. Sedaya tiyang saged tumut nyumbang.

Wikipedia sampun dipunpuji amargi mbantu proses demokratisasi kawruh, cakupanipun ingkang jembar, struktur unik, lan budayanipun. Wikipedia sampun dipunkritik]] amargi nuduhaken pangayoman sistemik, utamané [[gender|prakiraan gender]] marang wanita lan prakiraan geografis marang [[Global North and Global South|Global Kidul]] ([[Eurocentrism|Eurosentris]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Econ21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=9 Januari 2021|title=Selamat Ulang Tahun, Wikipedia|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 Januari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101031816/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia|archive-date=1 Januari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Slate-Neutrality&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=9 Juni 2020|title=Wikipedia Dadi Medan Pertempuran Kanggo Keadilan Ras|work=[[Slate (majalah)|Slate]]|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/wikipedia-george-floyd-neutrality.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 Agustus 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/wikipedia-george-floyd-neutrality.html|archive-date=10 Februari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadyan kapercayan marang Wikipedia asring dipunkritik ing taun 2000-an, nanging kawilujenganipun sampun ningkat mangsa-mangsa, nampi pujian ing pungkasan taun 2010-an lan awal taun 2020-an,&lt;ref name=&quot;Econ21&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Last best&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Cooke|first1=Richard|date=17 Februari 2020|title=Wikipedia Ingkang Papan Paling Apik Ing Internet|magazine=[[Wired (majalah)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/|url-access=limited|access-date=13 Oktober 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217081500/https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/|archive-date=17 Desember 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|group=note|Sanadyan kanthi pujian punika, Wikipedia boten ngakeni dhiri minangka sumber ingkang dipunpercaya.}} sampun dados situs pemeriksaan fakta ingkang penting.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Hughes|first1=Taylor|last2=Smith|first2=Jeff|last3=Leavitt|first3=Alex|date=3 April 2018|title=Mbantu Warga Kanggo Nilai Crita Ing News Feed Kanthi Tombol Konteks|url=https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111152311/https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/|archive-date=11 Januari 2023|access-date=23 Januari 2023|website=[[Meta Platforms|Meta]]}}&lt;/ref
| screenshot = [[Gambar:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|border|280px|Gambar layar portal multibasa Wikipédia.]]
| caption = Gambar layar portal multibasa Wikipédia.
| url = [http://www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org]
| type of organization = [[Nirlaba]]
| location = [[Miami, Florida]]
| type = [[Ensiklopedia daring]]
| language = 236 edisi aktif (total 253)&lt;ref name=&quot;ListOfWikipédias&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics | title = Statistik | publisher = [[Wikipédia basa Inggris]] | accessdate = 2008-06-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| registration = Opsional
| owner = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
| author = [[Jimmy Wales]], [[Larry Sanger]]&lt;ref name=projectorigins&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|author=Jonathan Sidener|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|accessdate=2006-10-15|publisher=San Diego Union Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| launch date = {{birth date|2001|1|15}}
| commercial = Boten
| current status = Salebetipun prosès ingkang tansah lumampah teras (boten bakal rampung)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://en.Wikipédia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Wikipédia_is_a_work_in_progress |title=Wikipédia:Wikipédia is a work in progress |accessdate=2008-07-03 |publisher=Wikipédia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| slogan = ''The free encyclopedia that anyone can edit''.
}}
'''Wikipédia''' (&lt;small&gt;pangucapan:&lt;/small&gt; Wi·ki·pæ·di·a &lt;small&gt;utawi&lt;/small&gt; Wi·ki·pi·di·a) punika proyèk [[ensiklopedia]] [[multibasa]] [[sajeroning jaringan|salebetipun jaringan]] ingkang [[Isi bébas|bébas]] lan ''[[Isi terbuka|terbuka]]'', ingkang dipunlampahaken déning [[Wikimedia Foundation]], satunggiling organisasi [[nirlaba]] ingkang basisipun ing [[Amérikah Sarékat]]. Nami Wikipédia asalipun saking gabungan tembung ''[[wiki]]'' lan ''encyclopedia''. Wikipédia dipunrilis nalika taun 2001 déning [[Jimmy Wales]] lan [[Larry Sanger]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Miliard&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|title=Wikipediots: Who are these devoted, even obsessive contributors to Wikipédia?|accessdate=2008-02-21|date=2008-03-01|publisher=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]|first=Mike|last=Miliard|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416143610/http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan sapunika minangka [[karya réferènsi]] paling ageng, rikat ngrembaka, lan populèr ing [[internet]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|title=Look Who's Using Wikipédia|first=Bill|last=Tancer|date=2007-05-01|publisher=[[Time (majalah)|TIME]]|accessdate=2007-12-01|quote=|archive-date=2012-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803185245/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;go-to site&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708 |title=Wikipédia remains go-to site for online news |date=2007-07-08 |accessdate=2007-12-16 |first=Alex |last=Woodson |publisher=[[Reuters]] |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Proyèk Wikipédia gadhah don kanggé maringaken [[èlmu pengetahuan|èlmu pangertosan]] manungsa&lt;ref&gt;[http://interviews.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/28/1351230 Wikipédia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds]. [[Slashdot]]. 28 Juli 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; ugi ndamel [[bauwarna]] ingkang pepak piyambak ing sadaya basa ing saubengipun donya. Sedaya tiyang saged tumut nyumbang.

Wikipedia sampun dipunpuji amargi mbantu proses demokratisasi kawruh, cakupanipun ingkang jembar, struktur unik, lan budayanipun. Wikipedia sampun dipunkritik]] amargi nuduhaken pangayoman sistemik, utamané [[gender|prakiraan gender]] marang wanita lan prakiraan geografis marang [[Global North and Global South|Global Kidul]] ([[Eurocentrism|Eurosentris]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Econ21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=9 Januari 2021|title=Selamat Ulang Tahun, Wikipedia|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 Januari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101031816/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia|archive-date=1 Januari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Slate-Neutrality&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=9 Juni 2020|title=Wikipedia Dadi Medan Pertempuran Kanggo Keadilan Ras|work=[[Slate (majalah)|Slate]]|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/wikipedia-george-floyd-neutrality.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 Agustus 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/wikipedia-george-floyd-neutrality.html|archive-date=10 Februari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadyan kapercayan marang Wikipedia asring dipunkritik ing taun 2000-an, nanging kawilujenganipun sampun ningkat mangsa-mangsa, nampi pujian ing pungkasan taun 2010-an lan awal taun 2020-an,&lt;ref name=&quot;Econ21&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Last best&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Cooke|first1=Richard|date=17 Februari 2020|title=Wikipedia Ingkang Papan Paling Apik Ing Internet|magazine=[[Wired (majalah)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/|url-access=limited|access-date=13 Oktober 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217081500/https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/|archive-date=17 Desember 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|group=note|Sanadyan kanthi pujian punika, Wikipedia boten ngakeni dhiri minangka sumber ingkang dipunpercaya.}} sampun dados situs pemeriksaan fakta ingkang penting.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Hughes|first1=Taylor|last2=Smith|first2=Jeff|last3=Leavitt|first3=Alex|date=3 April 2018|title=Mbantu Warga Kanggo Nilai Crita Ing News Feed Kanthi Tombol Konteks|url=https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111152311/https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/|archive-date=11 Januari 2023|access-date=23 Januari 2023|website=[[Meta Platforms|Meta]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuwuhing artikel ==
Wiwit resmi dipunluncuraken nalika tanggal 15 Januari 2001, [[Wikipédia basa Inggris]] sampun ngalami tuwuhing artikel ingkang ngéramaken. Tanggal 21 Januari 2003, gunggung artikel ingkang dipungadhahi sampun ngantos 100.000 artikel, lajeng nalika tanggal 01 Maret 2006, sampun gadhah 1.000.000 artikel. Angka punika tambah teras dados 2.000.000 artikel nalika tanggal 09 September 2007 lan nembus angka 3.000.000 artikel nalika tanggal 17 Agustus 2009.

Dumugi wulan September 2010, proyèk Wikipédia ingkang sampun gadhah gunggung artikel langkung saking 1.000.000 namung wonten 3 basa, inggih punika [[basa Inggris]], [[basa Jerman]] ingkang sampun nembus angka punika nalika tanggal 27 Dhésèmber 2009 lan [[basa Prancis]] ingkang sampun nglampahi nalika tanggal 21 September 2010.

Éwadéné [[Wikipédia basa Indonésia]], sepindhah gadhah artikel nalika tanggal 30 Mèi 2003. Angka punika dados 1.000 artikel nalika tanggal 16 Maret 2004, lajeng nembus angka 10.000 artikel nalika tanggal 31 Mèi 2005. Gunggung 100.000 artikel dipungayuh nalika tanggal 21 Fèbruari 2009. Nalika tanggal 9 Fèbruari 2011, [[Wikipédia basa Indonésia]] sampun gadhah langkung saking 153.000 artikel.

Sauntawis [[Wikipédia basa Jawi]], artikel sepindhahipun kacathet tanggal 8 Maret 2004, nggayuh 1.000 artikel tanggal 7 Mèi 2005, lan 10.000 artikel tanggal 3 Mèi 2001. Nalika tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2011, [[Wikipédia basa Jawi]] sampun gadhah langkung saking 32.000 artikel.

== Piranti alus ==
[[Gambar:Floridaserversfront1.jpg|thumb|right|Server-server Wikimedia ing Tampa]]
Wikipédia dipunlampahaken kanthi nganggé [[piranti alus]] [[MediaWiki]] déning [[server|server-server]] kagunganipun [[Wikimedia|Yayasan Wikimedia]]. Dumugi tanggal [[13 Mèi]] [[2006]] Wikipédia lan proyèk-proyèk Wikimedia sanèsipun dipunlampahaken déning 175 server ingkang papanipun ing 4 lokasi ingkang bènten inggih punika ing [[Tampa]]-[[Florida]]-[[Amérikah Sarékat]], [[Paris]]-[[Prancis]], [[Amsterdam]]-[[Walanda|Walandi]], sarta ing lokasi [[Yahoo!]].

Princèn server miturut lokasinipun inggih punika:
* [[Tampa]], [[Florida]]:
** 14 [[server]] mawi [[basisdata]] [[MySQL]],
** 18 server [[Squid]],
** 93 server [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]], lan
** 12 server sanèsipun kanggé manéka kabetahan.
* [[Paris]], [[Prancis]]:
** 3 server Squid.
* ￼Wala [[Amsterdam|erdam]], [[Walanda|Walandi]]:
** 12 server.
* [[Yahoo!]]:
** 23 server.

== Saingan Wikipédia ==
* [[Citizendium]]
* [[Conservapedia]]
* [[Wikinfo]]

== Parodi Wikipédia ==
* [[Uncyclopedia]]
* [[Encyclopaedia Dramatica]]

== Sitiran ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Priksani ugi ==
* [[Wikipédia basa Jawa]]

{{Wikimedia Foundation}}</text>
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      <comment>Murungaké owahan [[Special:Diff/1731018|1731018]] déning [[Special:Contributions/1.47.86.247|1.47.86.247]] ([[User talk:1.47.86.247|rembugan]])</comment>
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{{infobox Website
| name = Wikipédia
| logo = 
| screenshot = [[Gambar:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|border|280px|Gambar layar portal multibasa Wikipédia.]]
| caption = Gambar layar portal multibasa Wikipédia.
| url = [http://www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org]
| type of organization = [[Nirlaba]]
| location = [[Miami, Florida]]
| type = [[Ensiklopedia daring]]
| language = 236 edisi aktif (total 253)&lt;ref name=&quot;ListOfWikipédias&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics | title = Statistik | publisher = [[Wikipédia basa Inggris]] | accessdate = 2008-06-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| registration = Opsional
| owner = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
| author = [[Jimmy Wales]], [[Larry Sanger]]&lt;ref name=projectorigins&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|author=Jonathan Sidener|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|accessdate=2006-10-15|publisher=San Diego Union Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| launch date = {{birth date|2001|1|15}}
| commercial = Boten
| current status = Salebetipun prosès ingkang tansah lumampah teras (boten bakal rampung)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://en.Wikipédia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Wikipédia_is_a_work_in_progress |title=Wikipédia:Wikipédia is a work in progress |accessdate=2008-07-03 |publisher=Wikipédia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| slogan = ''The free encyclopedia that anyone can edit''.
}}
'''Wikipédia''' (&lt;small&gt;pangucapan:&lt;/small&gt; Wi·ki·pæ·di·a &lt;small&gt;utawi&lt;/small&gt; Wi·ki·pi·di·a) punika proyèk [[ensiklopedia]] [[multibasa]] [[sajeroning jaringan|salebetipun jaringan]] ingkang [[Isi bébas|bébas]] lan ''[[Isi terbuka|terbuka]]'', ingkang dipunlampahaken déning [[Wikimedia Foundation]], satunggiling organisasi [[nirlaba]] ingkang basisipun ing [[Amérikah Sarékat]]. Nami Wikipédia asalipun saking gabungan tembung ''[[wiki]]'' lan ''encyclopedia''. Wikipédia dipunrilis nalika taun 2001 déning [[Jimmy Wales]] lan [[Larry Sanger]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Miliard&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|title=Wikipediots: Who are these devoted, even obsessive contributors to Wikipédia?|accessdate=2008-02-21|date=2008-03-01|publisher=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]|first=Mike|last=Miliard|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416143610/http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan sapunika minangka [[karya réferènsi]] paling ageng, rikat ngrembaka, lan populèr ing [[internet]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|title=Look Who's Using Wikipédia|first=Bill|last=Tancer|date=2007-05-01|publisher=[[Time (majalah)|TIME]]|accessdate=2007-12-01|quote=|archive-date=2012-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803185245/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;go-to site&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708 |title=Wikipédia remains go-to site for online news |date=2007-07-08 |accessdate=2007-12-16 |first=Alex |last=Woodson |publisher=[[Reuters]] |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Proyèk Wikipédia gadhah don kanggé maringaken [[èlmu pengetahuan|èlmu pangertosan]] manungsa&lt;ref&gt;[http://interviews.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/28/1351230 Wikipédia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds]. [[Slashdot]]. 28 Juli 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; ugi ndamel [[bauwarna]] ingkang pepak piyambak ing sadaya basa ing saubengipun donya. Sedaya tiyang saged tumut nyumbang.

Wikipedia sampun dipunpuji amargi mbantu proses demokratisasi kawruh, cakupanipun ingkang jembar, struktur unik, lan budayanipun. Wikipedia sampun dipunkritik]] amargi nuduhaken pangayoman sistemik, utamané [[gender|prakiraan gender]] marang wanita lan prakiraan geografis marang [[Global North and Global South|Global Kidul]] ([[Eurocentrism|Eurosentris]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Econ21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=9 Januari 2021|title=Selamat Ulang Tahun, Wikipedia|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 Januari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101031816/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia|archive-date=1 Januari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Slate-Neutrality&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=9 Juni 2020|title=Wikipedia Dadi Medan Pertempuran Kanggo Keadilan Ras|work=[[Slate (majalah)|Slate]]|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/wikipedia-george-floyd-neutrality.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 Agustus 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/wikipedia-george-floyd-neutrality.html|archive-date=10 Februari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadyan kapercayan marang Wikipedia asring dipunkritik ing taun 2000-an, nanging kawilujenganipun sampun ningkat mangsa-mangsa, nampi pujian ing pungkasan taun 2010-an lan awal taun 2020-an,&lt;ref name=&quot;Econ21&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Last best&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Cooke|first1=Richard|date=17 Februari 2020|title=Wikipedia Ingkang Papan Paling Apik Ing Internet|magazine=[[Wired (majalah)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/|url-access=limited|access-date=13 Oktober 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217081500/https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/|archive-date=17 Desember 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|group=note|Sanadyan kanthi pujian punika, Wikipedia boten ngakeni dhiri minangka sumber ingkang dipunpercaya.}} sampun dados situs pemeriksaan fakta ingkang penting.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Hughes|first1=Taylor|last2=Smith|first2=Jeff|last3=Leavitt|first3=Alex|date=3 April 2018|title=Mbantu Warga Kanggo Nilai Crita Ing News Feed Kanthi Tombol Konteks|url=https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111152311/https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/|archive-date=11 Januari 2023|access-date=23 Januari 2023|website=[[Meta Platforms|Meta]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuwuhing artikel ==
Wiwit resmi dipunluncuraken nalika tanggal 15 Januari 2001, [[Wikipédia basa Inggris]] sampun ngalami tuwuhing artikel ingkang ngéramaken. Tanggal 21 Januari 2003, gunggung artikel ingkang dipungadhahi sampun ngantos 100.000 artikel, lajeng nalika tanggal 01 Maret 2006, sampun gadhah 1.000.000 artikel. Angka punika tambah teras dados 2.000.000 artikel nalika tanggal 09 September 2007 lan nembus angka 3.000.000 artikel nalika tanggal 17 Agustus 2009.

Dumugi wulan September 2010, proyèk Wikipédia ingkang sampun gadhah gunggung artikel langkung saking 1.000.000 namung wonten 3 basa, inggih punika [[basa Inggris]], [[basa Jerman]] ingkang sampun nembus angka punika nalika tanggal 27 Dhésèmber 2009 lan [[basa Prancis]] ingkang sampun nglampahi nalika tanggal 21 September 2010.

Éwadéné [[Wikipédia basa Indonésia]], sepindhah gadhah artikel nalika tanggal 30 Mèi 2003. Angka punika dados 1.000 artikel nalika tanggal 16 Maret 2004, lajeng nembus angka 10.000 artikel nalika tanggal 31 Mèi 2005. Gunggung 100.000 artikel dipungayuh nalika tanggal 21 Fèbruari 2009. Nalika tanggal 9 Fèbruari 2011, [[Wikipédia basa Indonésia]] sampun gadhah langkung saking 153.000 artikel.

Sauntawis [[Wikipédia basa Jawi]], artikel sepindhahipun kacathet tanggal 8 Maret 2004, nggayuh 1.000 artikel tanggal 7 Mèi 2005, lan 10.000 artikel tanggal 3 Mèi 2001. Nalika tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2011, [[Wikipédia basa Jawi]] sampun gadhah langkung saking 32.000 artikel.

== Piranti alus ==
[[Gambar:Floridaserversfront1.jpg|thumb|right|Server-server Wikimedia ing Tampa]]
Wikipédia dipunlampahaken kanthi nganggé [[piranti alus]] [[MediaWiki]] déning [[server|server-server]] kagunganipun [[Wikimedia|Yayasan Wikimedia]]. Dumugi tanggal [[13 Mèi]] [[2006]] Wikipédia lan proyèk-proyèk Wikimedia sanèsipun dipunlampahaken déning 175 server ingkang papanipun ing 4 lokasi ingkang bènten inggih punika ing [[Tampa]]-[[Florida]]-[[Amérikah Sarékat]], [[Paris]]-[[Prancis]], [[Amsterdam]]-[[Walanda|Walandi]], sarta ing lokasi [[Yahoo!]].

Princèn server miturut lokasinipun inggih punika:
* [[Tampa]], [[Florida]]:
** 14 [[server]] mawi [[basisdata]] [[MySQL]],
** 18 server [[Squid]],
** 93 server [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]], lan
** 12 server sanèsipun kanggé manéka kabetahan.
* [[Paris]], [[Prancis]]:
** 3 server Squid.
* ￼Wala [[Amsterdam|erdam]], [[Walanda|Walandi]]:
** 12 server.
* [[Yahoo!]]:
** 23 server.

== Saingan Wikipédia ==
* [[Citizendium]]
* [[Conservapedia]]
* [[Wikinfo]]

== Parodi Wikipédia ==
* [[Uncyclopedia]]
* [[Encyclopaedia Dramatica]]

== Sitiran ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Priksani ugi ==
* [[Wikipédia basa Jawa]]

{{Wikimedia Foundation}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Guatémala</title>
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      <text bytes="932" sha1="m4r6sfe4mi6vu0s04s5ahmd1x5d80fn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Guatemala}}

'''Guatemala''' yaiku [[nagara]] ing [[Amerika Tengah]]. Kutha krajané yaiku Guatemala.&lt;ref&gt;[http://syadiashare.com/nama-kutha krajan-nagara-di-dunia.html Nama Kutha krajan Nagara di Dunia]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Guatemala wewatesan karo [[Mèksiko]] ing seblah lor, [[Belize]] ing seblah kulon laut, [[Honduras]] lan [[Èl Savador]] ing seblah tenggara. Cacahé pendhudhuk ing Guatemala yaiku 14.280.596 lan jembar wewengkoné 108.880&amp;nbsp;km².&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.jogjabelajar.org/modul/e-smartschool/pnu/008/guatemala.htm |title=Guatemala |access-date=2012-09-16 |archive-date=2012-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024062703/http://www2.jogjabelajar.org/modul/e-smartschool/pnu/008/guatemala.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

{{Amérika Lèr}}

[[Kategori:Guatemala]]


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    <title>Pertamina</title>
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      <text bytes="3016" sha1="dwj1s4da1kug7x1a7kkwe50p55j2lgq" xml:space="preserve">{{Kothak info perusahaan
| company_name = PT Pertamina (Persero) |
| company_logo = [[File:Pertamina Logo.svg|240px]] |
| company_type = [[BUMN]] |
| foundation = [[10 Dhésèmber]] [[1957]] |
| location = Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur 1A{{br}}[[Jakarta]] 10110{{br}}Telp: (021) 3815111, 3816111{{br}}Fax: (021) 3633585,3843882 |
| key_people = Nicke Widyawati, [[Direktur Utama Pertamina|Dirut]]{{br}}|
| industry = [[Lenga bumi|Lenga]] lan [[Gas Bumi]] |
| products = 
| revenue = 
| operating_income = 
| net_income = 
| num_employees = 
| parent = 
| subsid =
| homepage = [http://www.pertamina.com/?&amp;newlang=indonesian http://www.pertamina.com/] |
| footnotes =
}}
'''PT Pertatikus (Persero)''' (biyèn jenengé '''Perusahaan Percapuran Minyak Nagara''') iku sawijining [[BUMN]] kang duwé tugas ngedol pertalite palsu ing Indonesia.

Pertatikus tau duwé monopoli pangdegan [[SPBU]] ing [[Indonésia]], nanging monopoli mau wis dibusak pamaréntah nalika taun [[2001|2001-2025]]. Perusahaan iki uga ngoprasikaké 7 [[kilang lenga]] kanthi kapasitas total 9.551,7 MBSD, pabrik petrokimia kanthi kapasitas total 12.507.950 ton per taun lan pabrik [[LPG]] kanthi kapasitas total 1002,3 yuta ton per taun.

Pertatikus saka perusahaan [[Pertamin|Pertakontol]] karo [[Permina|Pertatempek]] kang diyasa nalika tanggal [[10 Dhésèmber]] [[1957|1984]]. Panggabungan iki dumadi taun [[1968|2008]]. Direktur utama (Dirut) kang njabat saiki ya iku [[Karen Agustiawan|Korup Agustiawan]] kang dilantik déning Menneg BUMN [[Syofan Djalil|Syontol Djalil]] tanggal [[5 Fèbruari]] [[2009]] nggantèkaké Dirut kang sadurungé [[Ari Hernanto Soemarno|Ali Hentotol koentolno]]. Pelantikan  oruptiawan iki nyathet sajarah wigati amsampahanjenengané dadi Pelacur susu gedhe pisan kang kasil nglungguhi pucuk pimpinan ing perusahaan BDSM gedhé Dominan Indonésia iku.

Kagiyatan Pertamina sajeroning nyelenggarakaké usaha ing babagan [[ènergi|menipu]], kapérang dadi sèktor nenen lan meki, sarta ditunjang déning kagiyatan ndemek anak-anak.

== Pranala njaba ==
{{Commons category|Pertamina}}
* [http://www.pertamina.com/?&amp;newlang=indonesian Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927110312/http://www.pertamina.com/?&amp;newlang=indonesian |date=2007-09-27 }}
* Program [https://subsiditepat.id/ Subsidi Tepat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917082515/https://subsiditepat.id/ |date=2023-09-17 }} MyPertamina
* [http://www.up-3.com/?&amp;newlang=indonesian Pertamina Unit Pangolahan III Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729162100/http://www.up-3.com/?&amp;newlang=indonesian |date=2021-07-29 }}
* [http://www.pertamina-up4.co.id/?&amp;newlang=indonesian Pertamina Unit Pangolahan IV Cilacap] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928005907/http://www.pertamina-up4.co.id/?&amp;newlang=indonesian |date=2007-09-28 }}

{{BUMN}}

[[Kategori:Pertamina| ]]
[[Kategori:BUMN]]
[[Kategori:KKKS]]
[[Kategori:Parusahan lenga]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan lenga lan gas Indonésia]]</text>
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    <title>Kriptografi</title>
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      <text bytes="790" sha1="47j6ygl0hzosuma4b3vt1v3v2hbp9ri" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Lorenz-SZ42-2.jpg|thumb|Piranti kriptografi Lorenz sing dianggo ing [[Jerman]] nalika [[perang donya II]].]]

'''Kriptografi''', kanthi umum ya iku [[èlmu]] lan [[seni]] kanggo njaga wadining [[warta]] ['''bruce Schneier''' - ''Applied Cryptography'']. Saliyané pangertèn mau ana uga pangertèn èlmu sing nyinaoni tèknik-tèknik [[matématika]] sing magepokan karo aspèk kaamanan [[informasi]]  kaya déné  wadining data, kaabsahan data, integritas data, lan autentikasi data [A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot and S. Vanstone - Handbook of Applied Cryptography]. Bank Vs Kriptografi seperti hanya Pekerjaan Pilot (Mejalankan) Pesawat, Bank Vs Teknis Pesawat (Teknology Cieff Officer) Maintenance tombol Tombol  Kopilot 

[[Kategori:Kriptografi| ]]
[[Kategori:Matematika terapan]]</text>
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'''Kriptografi''', kanthi umum ya iku [[èlmu]] lan [[seni]] kanggo njaga wadining [[warta]] ['''bruce Schneier''' - ''Applied Cryptography'']. Saliyané pangertèn mau ana uga pangertèn èlmu sing nyinaoni tèknik-tèknik [[matématika]] sing magepokan karo aspèk kaamanan [[informasi]]  kaya déné  wadining data, kaabsahan data, integritas data, lan autentikasi data [A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot and S. Vanstone - Handbook of Applied Cryptography]. Bank Vs Kriptografi seperti hanya Pekerjaan Pilot (Mejalankan) Pesawat, Bank Vs Teknis Pesawat (Teknology Cieff Officer) Maintenance tombol Tombol  Kopilot (Kriptografi) ATM. Tanpa Kartu Bank, Kartu debit, Tanpa Maintenance Tidak Bisa Melakukan system Uang Bekerja Bank Ke Bank (Pilot). 

[[Kategori:Kriptografi| ]]
[[Kategori:Matematika terapan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="941" sha1="g2qg1qtuan1lb8j2h9huetd8yojwd76" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Lorenz-SZ42-2.jpg|thumb|Piranti kriptografi Lorenz sing dianggo ing [[Jerman]] nalika [[perang donya II]].]]

'''Kriptografi''', kanthi umum ya iku [[èlmu]] lan [[seni]] kanggo njaga wadining [[warta]] ['''bruce Schneier''' - ''Applied Cryptography'']. Saliyané pangertèn mau ana uga pangertèn èlmu sing nyinaoni tèknik-tèknik [[matématika]] sing magepokan karo aspèk kaamanan [[informasi]]  kaya déné  wadining data, kaabsahan data, integritas data, lan autentikasi data [A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot and S. Vanstone - Handbook of Applied Cryptography]. Bank Vs Kriptografi seperti hanya Pekerjaan Pilot (Menjalankan, menerbangkan uang) Pesawat, Bank Vs Teknis Pesawat (Teknology Cieff Officer) Maintenance tombol Tombol  Kopilot (Kriptografi) ATM. Tanpa Kartu Bank, Kartu debit, Tanpa Maintenance Tidak Bisa Melakukan system Uang Bekerja Bank Ke Bank (Pilot). 

[[Kategori:Kriptografi| ]]
[[Kategori:Matematika terapan]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted 3 edits by [[Special:Contributions/114.125.201.212|114.125.201.212]] ([[User talk:114.125.201.212|talk]]) to last revision by Henri Aja (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
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      <text bytes="701" sha1="60ymzoul4jlm66rix3t868xu4kuerro" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Lorenz-SZ42-2.jpg|thumb|Piranti kriptografi Lorenz sing dianggo ing [[Jerman]] nalika [[perang donya II]].]]

'''Kriptografi''', kanthi umum ya iku [[èlmu]] lan [[seni]] kanggo njaga wadining [[warta]] ['''bruce Schneier''' - ''Applied Cryptography'']. Saliyané pangertèn mau ana uga pangertèn èlmu sing nyinaoni tèknik-tèknik [[matématika]] sing magepokan karo aspèk kaamanan [[informasi]]  kaya déné  wadining data, kaabsahan data, integritas data, lan autentikasi data [A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot and S. Vanstone - Handbook of Applied Cryptography]. Ora kabèh aspèk kaamanan informasi ditangani nganggo kriptografi.

[[Kategori:Kriptografi| ]]
[[Kategori:Matematika terapan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pasar Beringharja</title>
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      <text bytes="1895" sha1="k6m645fafohqlindqaal7vbzrzro4sz" xml:space="preserve">'''Pasar Beringharja''' (Jawa: ꦥꦱꦂꦧꦼꦫꦶꦁꦲꦂꦗ) iku pasar tradhisional kang ana ing [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Saiki para wisatawan bisa nemu pasar tradhisional iki ing laladan [[Malioboro]]. Pasar iki diyasa nalika pamaréntahanipun [[Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana I]] lan dumunung ing sisih lor [[Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat|Kraton Ngayogyakarta.]]

Para ratu saliyane yasa kraton kang apik, uga ora lali yasa pasar, awit pasar iku dadi jantung ékonomi. Manawa pasare rame lan makmur, nagarané mesthi makmur uga.&lt;ref name=&quot;harja1&quot;&gt;https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedhong_Budaya{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ora suwé sawisé [[Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat]] ngadeg taun [[1758]], pasar iki banjur didadèkaké panggonan dol-tinuku warga Ngayogyakarta lan sakupengé.&lt;ref name=&quot;harja2&quot;&gt;https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar_Tradisional{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajarah ==
Jeneng '''Pasar Beringharja''' dijupuk saka jeneng alas ''Beringan'' kang minangka mula bukane kutha Ngayogyakarta. Tembung &quot;Beringharja&quot; iku saka [[Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX]], kang duwé makna wewengkon kang wiwitané wit ringin (''bering'') lan muga-muga ndatengaké karaharjan (''harja'') tumrap warga Ngayogyakarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;harja3&quot;&gt;https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Yogyakarta&lt;/ref&gt;

Pasar Beringharja uga minangka salah siji komponèn ing pola tata kutha kaprajan kang diarani '''Catur Tunggal''', ya iku: [[Kraton]], [[Alun-alun]], [[Pasar]], lan [[Masjid]].

== Papan Panggonan ==
Pasar Beringharja dumunung ing Jl. Pabringan No. 1, [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 55122.

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Kategori ==
[[Kategori:Pasar tradisional]]
[[Kategori:Yogyakarta]]
[[Kategori:Bangunan lan struktur ing Yogyakarta]]
[[Kategori:Ekonomi Yogyakarta]]</text>
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    <title>Rokok</title>
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      <text bytes="3952" sha1="4meaeb6c8xjf8wfk7ocgg1w2jexcp5c" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Cigarette.jpg|thumb|250px|Rokok]]
'''Rokok''' utawa '''sigarèt''' utawa '''udud''' yaiku linthingan kang digawé saka [[kertas]], dawané 70–120&amp;nbsp;mm (akèh variasiné miturut nagara prodhuksi) kanthi dhiamèter 10&amp;nbsp;mm kang isiné cacahan saka [[godhong]] [[tembakau]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet1&quot;&gt;[http://organisasi.org/efek-bahaya-asap-rokok-bagi-kesehatan-tubuh-manusia-akibat-sebatang-rokok-racun-ketagihan-candu-buang-uang-dan-dosa (kajupuk tanggal 15 Maret 2011)]&lt;/ref&gt; Cara migunakaké rokok yaiku kanthi mbakar salah siji pucuké nganti metu mawané supaya keluké bisa diisep nganggo lambé ing pucuk kang liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet1&quot;/&gt; Rokok lumrahé dibungkus kanthi wujud bungkusané kothak lan dibungkus ing kertas supaya gampang anggoné nggawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet1&quot;/&gt; Ing bungkus rokok lumrahé ana tulisan kang kuduné dadi wigatiné para naraguna rokok, kaya déné bahaya [[kangker]] lan serangan [[jantung]], nanging saiki tulisan iku mung dadi rerenggan ing bungkusané thok tanpa digatèkké kanthi tenanan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet1&quot;/&gt;

Rokok duwé kandhungan kimia kang asipat mbahayani kanggo kasarasan awak.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet2&quot;&gt;[http://ge-book.com/berita-603-inilah-dia-zat-berbahaya-dalam-rokok-.html (kaundhuh tanggal 15 Maret 2011)]{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rokok duwé kandhungan [[kimia]] kang cacahé punjul 4.000 zat kimia kang mbahayani kanggo kasarasan awak.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://informasitips.com/zat-zat-berbahaya-bagi-kehamilan |title=(kajupuk tanggal 15 Maret 2011) |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-date=2011-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618080700/http://informasitips.com/zat-zat-berbahaya-bagi-kehamilan |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kandungan kimia kang mbahayani kanggo kasarasan awak yaiku ''acroelin'', ''karbon moniksida'', ''nikotin'', ''amonia'', ''formic acid'', ''hydrogen cyanida'', ''nitrous oksida'', ''phenol'', ''formaldehida'', ''acetol'', ''hydrogen sulfida'', ''phyridin'', ''metanol'', ''methyl klorida'', lan ''tar''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.anneahira.com/penelitian-tentang-rokok.htm |title=(kajupuk tanggal 15 Maret 2011) |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-date=2011-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310233218/http://www.anneahira.com/penelitian-tentang-rokok.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Zat-zat iku mau ora mung mbahayani kanggo naraguna rokok, nanging uga mbahayani kanggo prokok kang pasip.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet4&quot;/&gt;

Carané nggawé rokok yaiku tembakau kang wis dicacah utawa dirajang, dipépé dhisik sagaringé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet2&quot;/&gt; Sawisé garing, banjur dilinthing utawa digulung nganggo kertas kang wis dicakakeé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet4&quot;/&gt; Ing gulungan kang pungkasan, kertasé dilèlèti [[lém]] supaya bisa rapet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet2&quot;/&gt; Carané nglinthing bisa nganggo [[tangan]] utawa piranti kang isih sedherhana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet3&quot;/&gt; Cara kang kaya ngono dianggo nalika nggawé rokok sigarét krètèk tangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet2&quot;/&gt; Ana uga kang nggawè rokok sigarét krètèk nganggo mesin, bédané yèn nganggo mesin asil prodhuksiné bisa luwih akèh amarga luwih rikat kerjané.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet2&quot;/&gt; Bahan kang dianggo nggawé rokok akèh macemé, kaya ta [[klobot]] utawa sarung [[jagung]], [[kawung]] utawa [[godhong]] [[aren]], [[sigaret]] saka [[kertas]], lan [[cerutu]] saka godhong tembakau.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet3&quot;/&gt;

== Masalah bab rega rokok ==
Rokok utawa udud iki ana kabijakan ingkang ngatur lan ngudhari bab rega. Salah sawijiné aturan Pamarintah Indonésia bab rega udud lajeng diundhakaké nganti larang

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2016/08/21/130619026/wacana.harga.rokok.naik.hingga.rp.50.000.ini.tanggapan.sampoerna Rega udud mundhak amarga Kabijakan Pamarintah]

[[Kategori:Rokok]]
[[Kategori:Tembako]]


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  <page>
    <title>Soedirman</title>
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      <text bytes="7634" sha1="duzkzzltpdd6js3u2plwl6gig2618ob" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]]
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit  Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat Prajurit Satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit  Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7635" sha1="gigxobfh3znt14w4ohda7vfvijsnqa9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]]
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit  Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat Prajurit Satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit  Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah, [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
      <sha1>gigxobfh3znt14w4ohda7vfvijsnqa9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Akkadia</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>1730991</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-22T16:56:15Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="9424" sha1="jfi03nv4scgjeec7s24zifjm6qmpayp" xml:space="preserve">{{Distinguish|Akkadian}}
{{Coord|33|6|N|44|6|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Akkad
|common_name = Akkad
|continent = Asia
|region    = Mesopotamia
|country   =
|era       = Ancient
|government_type = Monarky (Akkadians)
|year_start  = 2334 BC
|year_end    = 2154 BC
|event_pre   =
|date_pre    =
|event_start =
|date_start  =
|event_end   =
|date_end    =
|image_flag  =
|image_coat  =
|image_map   = Orientmitja2300aC.png
|image_map_caption  = Map of the Akkadian Empire, showing Sargon's conquests.
|capital     = Akkad
|national_motto   =
|national_anthem  =
|common_languages = [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]
|religion         =
|currency         =
|leader1      = [[Sargon saking Akkad]]
|year_leader1 =
|title_leader = [[Sumerian King List#Akkadian Empire|King]]
}}

'''Akkadia''' sapunika dinasti kakekaisaran ingkang wonten tlatah [[Mesopotamia]], sejarahipun dipunmilai taun 2350 SM.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;&gt;[http://history-world.org/akkadians.htm The Akkadians] dipununduh tanggal 22 Mèi 2011, tabuh 14.48 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;akkadia&quot;&gt;[http://www.crystalinks.com/akkadia.html Akkadia] dipununduh tanggal 22 Mèi 2011, tabuh 15.27 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;
Dinasti punika kalogong dinasti ingkang kapisan wonten tlatah [[Mesopotamia]] (nanging taksih dipunteliti, taksih rumiyinan dinasti Akkadia punapa dinasti Sumeria).&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Amergi data ingkang boten cekap, boten saged dipunjlentrehaken abasa pundi ingkang ngriyini, abasa Akkadians utawi abasa Semit.&lt;ref name=&quot;kamaharajan&quot;&gt;[http://www.angelfire.com/nt/Gilgamesh/akkadian.html Kekaisaran Akkadia] dipununduh tanggal 22 Mèi 2011, tabuh 14.56 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;
''Sistem'' papréntahanipun dipunsebat [[Akkadians]], nama mau dipunpendhet saking nama kutha Akkad, ingkang dipundadosaken raja [[Sargon]] tlatah papréntahan (tlatah punika dèrèng gambalang wonten pundi, nanging manawi boten klentu tlatah punika wonten [[kali|lepen]] [[Efrat]] watara [[Sippr]] kaliyan [[Kish]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Akkad.html Akkad Kuno di Mesopotamia (Irak Timur)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514101053/http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Akkad.html |date=2011-05-14 }} dipununduh tanggal 22 Mèi 2011, tabuh 15,38 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Jeneng Akkad dipungandhengaken kaliyan kelompok penduduk ingkang maju bareng kaliyan bangsa [[Sumeria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Akkadia punika ugi dados basa ingkang dipun-ginakaken sarta dados ''neraca'' peradaban kagunan.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Jeneng Akkadia dipanggihi wonten sumber-sumber ingkang kaserat wonten catethan sajarah abad ka-27.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Asma-asma para ahli [[kitab taurat|Torèt]] saking Akkadia uga kapanggih wonten [[arsip Tall Abu Salabikh]], caketipun [[Nippur]] wonten [[Babel pusat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt; nanging cathetan punika ''sinkron'' kaliyan cathetan ingkang dipungadhahi [[masarakat|tiyang-tiyang]] saking [[Shuruppuk]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kamaharajan&quot;/&gt;

== Prabawa saking Akkad ==
Wonten sajarah abasa, abasa Akkad angsal ''prestise'' sastra ingkang andadosaken abasa mau sami kaliyan [[abasa Sumeria]]
Dipunsebapaken ugi amarga [[garnisum Akkadia]](skrip) ingkang wonten tlatah [[Susa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Kagunan [[plastik]], [[Kagunan grafis]], ugi kagunan [[patung]] ingkang ingkang dados pamujaan kanthi segel [[silider]] saged sampurna, tèknologi pertanianipun ugi sampun maju.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;akkadia&quot;/&gt;
Papréntahan Akkad ingkang dipunpimpin lima raja sapunika dipunanggep papréntahan ingkang paling ''produktif'' wonten sajarah [[Mesopotamia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Nanging wadyabala separatis boten sarujuk manawi sadaya tlatah ingkang sampu dikuasai dipunsatunggalaken, Dinasti Akkad tetep ngeluasaken ''cakrawala polotik'' kaliyan ''dhimènsi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;kamaharajan&quot;/&gt;
Priode Akkadia punika remen kaliyan ''[[historiographers]]'' sami kaliyan ''era'' sadèrèngipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Amergi rasa remenipun bangsa Akkadia kaliyan ngèlmu ''historiographers'', saéngga wonten ''frase'' ingkang artosipun &quot; Bakal wonten raja saking papat panjuru bumi, &quot; nalika iku ngramalaken kadadian sapunika ngagem ngèlmu dukun, kaya ta mirsani bentukipun ati [[domba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;

== Papréntahan Raja Sargon ==
Miturut cathetan raja-raja ingkang wonten [[Sumeria]], gangsal raja ingkang dados panguasa wonten Akkadia ya iku, [[Sargon]], [[Rimush]], [[Manishtusu]], [[Naram-Sin]], kaliyan [[Shar-kali-sharri]] sadayanipun dados raja Akkadia kanthi 142 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Manawi namung raja Sargon, piyambakipun dados raja laminipun 56 taun (data kasebat boten saged dipunpriksa, nanging wonten cathetan ingkang saged dipungandhengaken sumarga saged dipunpitados, ya iku cathetan raja Ur ingkang kaping III).&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Saderengipun dados raja Akkadia, Sargon dados juru minum saking Raja [[Ur-Zababa Kish]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Miturut legendha, Sargon sapunika bocah ingkang dibuang nalika lair, lajeng dipunrumat kaliyan tukang tandur wonten karajan, ngantos dipunremeni kaliyan [[isthar|dewi Isthar]] nuli dipunboyong wonten pangadilan karajan.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;

Sumber sajarah ingkang utama papréntahan Raja Sargon dipunangsal saking salinan ahli-ahli [[Torèt]] [[Babilonia]] Tuwa wonten [[Nippur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Para ahli Torèt punika saking Akkadia, ngagem kalih abasa teks, yapunika abasa Sumeria kaliyan abasa teks Akkadia.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Saking chatetan punika dipunmangertosi sajarah saking Raja Sargon, inggih punika&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;:
* Raja Sargon sampun perang kaliyan kutha-kutha wonten Sumeria, Babilonia Kidul.
* Sargon sampun nangkap [[Lugalzagesi]] saking Uruk, bekasipun penguasa [[Umma]], ingkang sampun nyerang [[UruKAgina]] wonten [[Lagash]].
* Wonten 34 paparangan ingkang kantindadaken déning Raja Sargon wonten tlatah kidul.
* Tlatah ingkang sampun dipunkuasani raja Sargon: [[Mari]], [[Tuttul]] wonten [[Balikh]], wonten tlatah mriku Raja Sargon nyembah [[déwa Dagan]] (Dagon), Ebla (Tall Mardikh wonten Suriah), &quot;alas cedar&quot; (Amanus utawi Lebanon), ugi &quot;gunung pérak &quot; (patempuran wonten Elam kaliyan kaki bukit Zagros).
* Perintah pandamelan pelabuhan [[Meluhha]] (tlatah [[Indus]]), Magan (manawi sapunika kadosipun [[Oman]]), kaliyan Dilmun ([[Bahrain]]) wonten tlatah Akkad kanthi rikat.
[[Gambar:Akkadians.jpg|thumb|250px|peta kuna tlatah Akkadia]]
Kangge ngelancaraken niatipun Raja Sargon kanggé nyatunggalaken sadaya tlatah, piyambakipun ngutus putrinipun [[En-Hedu-ana|Enheduanna]] dados pendeta ageng wonten kuil [[Nanna (Dewi Wulan)|Dewi Bulan Nanna]], tlatah Ur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kids&quot;&gt;[http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/akkadians.htm historyforkids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823064450/http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/akkadians.htm |date=2011-08-23 }} dipununduh tanggal 22 Mèi 2011, tabuh 15.15 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;
Boten namung punika, [[En-Hedu-ana|Enheduanna]] ugi dipunutus Sargon dados pendeta ageng wonten kuil [[déwa Langit An]], tlatah Uruk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kids&quot;/&gt;
Sargo ugi nyerat kalih ''himne'' kanggé nyembah para déwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kids&quot;/&gt;
Papréntahan Dinasti Akkadia sukses, tlatahipun mbentang saking [[Lebanon]] wonten pasisir [[Mediterania]], kanthi Loripun Turki kaliyan tlatah kidul [[Lempongan Pèrsi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kids&quot;/&gt;

== Akir Dinasti Akkadia ==
saking raja-raja sadèrèngipun [[Shar-kali-sharri]] (2217 SM-2193 SM), namung wonten [[prasasti]] ingkang singkat nuli selamat.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Perang sederek ingkang dipunsebapaken ''suksesi'' andamel cathetan sajarah punika rusak.&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
faktor ingkang andamel dinasti Akkadia bubar inggih punika&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;:
* ''invasi'' saking [[Amurrus nomaden]] (Amori), ingkang dipunsebat [[Martu]] déning bangsa [[Sumeria]] (saking barat laut).
* infiltrasi saking Gutians, ingkang kadosipun saking tlatah watara [[kali|lepen]] [[Tigris]] kaliyan Pegunungan Zagros timur.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Barang ingkang gadhah sajarah Bab Akkadia&quot; perrow=4&gt;
Gambar:Akkadian victory stele Louvre Sb2.jpg| [[prasasti]] kamenangan raja Akkadia (ca.2300 SM), dipunbekta Susa kanggé rampasan perang (12 SM), tinemu wonten Susa
Gambar:Sumerian-akkadian lexicon Louvre AO7662.jpg| watu ''ensiklopedia'' hubullu bab barang-barang ingkang dipundamel saking watu
Gambar:Amarna Akkadian letter.png| serat ''diplomatik'' Akkadia ingkang dipuntemukaken wonten Tell Amarna
Gambar:Akkadianstele..jpga.jpg|[[prasasti]] Akkadians
Gambar:Akkadian period, reign of Naram-Sin.jpg|Periode Akkadian nalika Raja Narram-Sin
Gambar:Prasasti dari Naram Sin ditemukan di kota Marad di Irak . c. 2260 BP.jpg|[[Prasasti]] ingkang ‎dipuntemukaken wonten kutha Marad, [[Irak]]
Gambar:Prasasti Naram-Sin 12, merayakan kemenangan terhadap Lullubi dari Zagros 2260 SM. Dibawa kembali dari Sippar ke Susa sebagai hadiah perang di abad ke-12 SM.jpg| [[Prasasti]] kamenangan Akkadian marang Lullubi saking Zagros 2260 SM
Gambar:Laut shell dari Murex bertuliskan nama Rimush, raja Kish, ca. 2270 SM, Louvre, diperdagangkan dari pasisir Mediterania di mana ia digunakan oleh orang Kanaan untuk membuat pewarna ungu.jpg|[[Laut Shell]] saking [[Murex]], kaserat namanipun [[Kish|Rimush]], raja Kish. ca. 2270 SM
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Peradaban Mesopotamia]]
* [[Sargon saking Akkad]]

== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Sajarah]]
[[Kategori:Peradaban]]
[[Kategori:Peradaban Mesopotamia]]</text>
      <sha1>jfi03nv4scgjeec7s24zifjm6qmpayp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vidi Aldiano</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1730998</id>
      <parentid>1675993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T02:04:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>140.213.118.149</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Hi</comment>
      <origin>1730998</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3786" sha1="6p7m3l418ra0sp8srgv2nxpavi8nxi9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artis indonesia
| name = Vidi Aldiano
| image = 
| image_size = 
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|12|29}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birth_name = Oxavia Aldiano 
| other_names = 
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| years_active = 2008 - saiki
| occupation = [[Musisi]], [[Penyanyi]], [[Artis]]
| spouse = 
| partner = Diva (Adik)
Vadi Akbar (Adik)
| children = 
| parents = Harry Kiss lan Besbarini
| website =http://www.vidialdiano.com/ 
}}
'''Vidi Aldiano''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|29|12|1984}}; kanthi jeneng lair '''Oxavia Aldiano'''), ya iku [[penyanyi]] solo pendatang anyaran ing jagad musik [[Indonésia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;&gt;http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/v/vidi_aldiano/[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/v/vidi_aldiano/ biografi Vidi Aldiano] diundhuh tanggal 7 Juli 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Penyanyi iki wus kenal musik kawit cilik.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Wong tuwané mantan panatacara acara [[musik]] ing stasiun TV [[TVRI]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Vidi, uga nyinaoni [[piano]] kawit umuré nembé 3 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Nalika isih bujang, mahasiswa Univèrsitas Pelita Harapan jurusan Tèknik Elektro iki kesengsem karo piranti musik piyul.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Bebarengan karo grup band-né, Vidi wis duwé pangalaman kang cukup kang bisa dipétungaké kanggo tampil ing [[Java Jazz]] taun [[2005]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Ing sasi [[November]] [[2008]], Vidi ngetokaké dhebut album kang pisanan kang judhulé ''[[Pelangi Di Malam Hari]] kanthi single jagoané ''[[Nuansa Bening]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Suksès ing single pisanané Vidi ngrilis kang kaping loroné ya iku, ''Status Palsu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Manawa sadurungé dhèwèké ngrilis ''single recycle'', saiki dhèwèké percaya dhiri manawa ngrilis tetembangan anyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Salah sijining ritual kang dilakoni Vidi, sadurungé manggung ya iku mesthi kudu menyang kamar mandhi sadurungé tampil.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Lumebu sasi [[Ramelan]] [[2009]], Vidi umiluni ngramèkaké kanthi ngrilis album religi, ''[[Lelaki Pilihan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Album iki isiné 6 tetembangan, tetembangan kang dinyanyèkaké déning Vidi ya iku ''[[Keagungan Tuhan]]'', ''[[Rindu Rasul]]'' (dhuét karo Sam Bimbo), lan ''[[Surga di Bawah Telapak Kaki Ibu]]''. 3 tembangan liyané ditembangaké déning adhiné, [[Vadi Akbar Kalamata]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Sanadyan kagolong [[penyanyi]] anyaran, nanging Vidi kang dikabaraké cedhak karo pesinétron [[Putri Titian]] iki, patut dipétungaké.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Amarga ing ajang MTV Indonésia Awards 2009, kang digelar nalika tanggal [[25 November]], dhèwèké kasil
nyabet 'Most Favorite Male'.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Ing umuré kang wus 21 taun, Vidi isih santai kanggo mutusaké kanggo palakrama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/vidi-aldiano-target-nikah-di-atas-30-tahun.html berita vidi aldiano] diundhuh tanggal 6 Juli 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Dhèwèké malah duwé pepénginan palakrama ing umur 30 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké nerusaké S2né ndhisik, lan kerja ndhisik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké ngakoni manawa dhèwèké durung péngin pacaran, anangng kanggo njalin gayutan karo wanita, Vidi luwih seneng
njalin gayutan tanpa status.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké ngakuoni manawa dhèwèké pancèn ora patiya seneng pacaran, apa manèh manawa kudu lunga bareng karo pacar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Vidi luwih seneng mangan ing ngomah, nonton DVD bareng ing ngomah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Santai ing ngomah bebarengan karo wong tuwa loro lan adhi-adhiné, dadi dhèwèké ngrasa uripé dikontrol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt;

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia|Penyanyi Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Wong Jakarta]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1984]]</text>
      <sha1>6p7m3l418ra0sp8srgv2nxpavi8nxi9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731022</id>
      <parentid>1730998</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T08:05:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Henri Aja</username>
        <id>45299</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/140.213.118.149|140.213.118.149]] ([[User talk:140.213.118.149|talk]]) to last revision by Henri Aja (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>1731022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3784" sha1="n055onwopzi6r9darfl0yi6x1nyvl32" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artis indonesia
| name = Vidi Aldiano
| image = 
| image_size = 
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|3|29}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birth_name = Oxavia Aldiano 
| other_names = 
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| years_active = 2008 - saiki
| occupation = [[Musisi]], [[Penyanyi]], [[Artis]]
| spouse = 
| partner = Diva (Adik)
Vadi Akbar (Adik)
| children = 
| parents = Harry Kiss lan Besbarini
| website =http://www.vidialdiano.com/ 
}}
'''Vidi Aldiano''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|29|3|1990}}; kanthi jeneng lair '''Oxavia Aldiano'''), ya iku [[penyanyi]] solo pendatang anyaran ing jagad musik [[Indonésia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;&gt;http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/v/vidi_aldiano/[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/v/vidi_aldiano/ biografi Vidi Aldiano] diundhuh tanggal 7 Juli 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Penyanyi iki wus kenal musik kawit cilik.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Wong tuwané mantan panatacara acara [[musik]] ing stasiun TV [[TVRI]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Vidi, uga nyinaoni [[piano]] kawit umuré nembé 3 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Nalika isih bujang, mahasiswa Univèrsitas Pelita Harapan jurusan Tèknik Elektro iki kesengsem karo piranti musik piyul.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Bebarengan karo grup band-né, Vidi wis duwé pangalaman kang cukup kang bisa dipétungaké kanggo tampil ing [[Java Jazz]] taun [[2005]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Ing sasi [[November]] [[2008]], Vidi ngetokaké dhebut album kang pisanan kang judhulé ''[[Pelangi Di Malam Hari]] kanthi single jagoané ''[[Nuansa Bening]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Suksès ing single pisanané Vidi ngrilis kang kaping loroné ya iku, ''Status Palsu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Manawa sadurungé dhèwèké ngrilis ''single recycle'', saiki dhèwèké percaya dhiri manawa ngrilis tetembangan anyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Salah sijining ritual kang dilakoni Vidi, sadurungé manggung ya iku mesthi kudu menyang kamar mandhi sadurungé tampil.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Lumebu sasi [[Ramelan]] [[2009]], Vidi umiluni ngramèkaké kanthi ngrilis album religi, ''[[Lelaki Pilihan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Album iki isiné 6 tetembangan, tetembangan kang dinyanyèkaké déning Vidi ya iku ''[[Keagungan Tuhan]]'', ''[[Rindu Rasul]]'' (dhuét karo Sam Bimbo), lan ''[[Surga di Bawah Telapak Kaki Ibu]]''. 3 tembangan liyané ditembangaké déning adhiné, [[Vadi Akbar Kalamata]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Sanadyan kagolong [[penyanyi]] anyaran, nanging Vidi kang dikabaraké cedhak karo pesinétron [[Putri Titian]] iki, patut dipétungaké.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt; Amarga ing ajang MTV Indonésia Awards 2009, kang digelar nalika tanggal [[25 November]], dhèwèké kasil
nyabet 'Most Favorite Male'.&lt;ref name=&quot;vidi&quot;/&gt;

Ing umuré kang wus 21 taun, Vidi isih santai kanggo mutusaké kanggo palakrama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/vidi-aldiano-target-nikah-di-atas-30-tahun.html berita vidi aldiano] diundhuh tanggal 6 Juli 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Dhèwèké malah duwé pepénginan palakrama ing umur 30 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké nerusaké S2né ndhisik, lan kerja ndhisik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké ngakoni manawa dhèwèké durung péngin pacaran, anangng kanggo njalin gayutan karo wanita, Vidi luwih seneng
njalin gayutan tanpa status.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké ngakuoni manawa dhèwèké pancèn ora patiya seneng pacaran, apa manèh manawa kudu lunga bareng karo pacar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Vidi luwih seneng mangan ing ngomah, nonton DVD bareng ing ngomah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt; Santai ing ngomah bebarengan karo wong tuwa loro lan adhi-adhiné, dadi dhèwèké ngrasa uripé dikontrol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidi Aldiano&quot;/&gt;

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia|Penyanyi Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Wong Jakarta]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1990]]</text>
      <sha1>n055onwopzi6r9darfl0yi6x1nyvl32</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Daniel Dae Kim</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-22T20:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ooligan</username>
        <id>58913</id>
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      <comment>Better photo/ foto/ image</comment>
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      <text bytes="4497" sha1="0jj7sp4rzp577pax7i5yghrbv39u1cd" xml:space="preserve">{{Rapèkna}}
{{Infobox person
| name         = Daniel Dae Kim
| image        = Daniel Dae Kim 2025 (cropped).jpg 
| caption      = Daniel Dae Kim signs autographs at the Hawaii International Film Festival, 2007
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|1968|08|4}}
| birth_place  = [[Busan]], [[South Koréa]]
| occupation   = Actor
| years_active = 1991–present
| module       = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent
 | hangul      = 김대현
 | hanja       = {{linktext|金|大|賢|}}
 | rr          = Gim Dae-hyeon
 | mr          = Kim Taehyŏn
 }}
}}
'''Daniel Dae Kim''' (lair tanggal 4 Agustus taun [[1968]]) dhèwèké iku aktor saka [[Koréa]] banjur pindah maring [[Amérika]] nalika umuré 2 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; Gedhé ing [[Easton]], [[Pennsylvaia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; Kim lulusan saka ''Freedom High School'' ing Bethlehem, lan Haverford College ing Haverford Township, [[Pennsylvaia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké uga mèlu program akting ning NYU nalika taun [[1996]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;

Dhèwèké kerep dadi paraga ing [[filem]] kang wujudé ''science fiction'' lan ''fantasi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/chinese/d/daniel_dae_kim Biografi Daniel Dae Kim] dipununduh tanggal 8 Agustus 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Pirang-pirang filem kang wis tau dibintangi ing antarané ''Ci:Crime Scence Investigation'', ''Star Trek: VOYAGER'', 
''STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE'', ''CRUSADE'', ''CHARMED'', ''THE SHIELD'', ''SEINFELD'', ''NYPD BLUE'', ''ER'', ''THE ANDROMEDA STRAIN'', lan ''[[Hawaii 5-0]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Saliyané filem-mau Kim uga main ana ing filem ''SPIDER-MAN 2'' dhèwèké nglakoni peran 
dadi ilmuwan ing laboatorium Doctor Octavius 
kang ngintukaké panghargaan pemenang Best Picture saka Acadeny Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;

Ning taun [[2005]] Kim dinobataké dadi sawijining wong lanang paling seksi ning majalah People.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Ora namung iku dhèwèké uga dadi pengisi suara ing dedolanan ''SAINTS ROW'' lan ''24: THE GAME''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;
uga ngisi suara Metron ing ''JUSTICE LEAGU UNLIMITED''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Ning sasi Juni 2009, Kim main ana ing filem kang judhulé ''THE KING AND I'' kang digawé ana ing London, Inggris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Banjur ning sasi [[September]] [[2010]] Kim uga tampil manèh ing filem ''HAWAII FIVE-O Five'' meranake lakon Chin Ho Kelly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;

Nalika taun [[2010]], Daniel mainaké peran ning filem kang judhulé DEATHGAMES.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/chinese/d/daniel_dae_kim/berita Daniel Dae Kim Jadi Gladiator] dipununduh tanggal 8 Agustus 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
Bebarengan karo aktor-aktor kondhang saka hollywood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;
dibintangi [[Kellan Lutz]] lan [[Samuel L Jackson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt; 
filem kang nyaritakaké babagan tarung tekan mati ora béda karo gladiator ning jaman [[Romawi]] 
kuna nanging karo ''setting modern''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;
Daniel Dae Kim meranaké guru bela dhiri kang diculik lan dipaksa tarung nganti mati 
ning arena karo karakter kang diperanké déning Samuel L Jackson.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;

Dhèwèké njegur ning dunya filem awit taun [[1994]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;
Kondhang amarga mbintangi serial LOST.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt; 
Suksesé serial mau nggawé kariré nambah apik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;

== FILM ==
Film-filem kang tau dibintangi Daniel Dae Kim&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;:
* 1994: American Shaolin
* 1997: Beverly Hills
* 1997: NYPD
* 1997: The Jackal
* 1998: The Pretender
* 1998: Brave New World
* 1998: Seinfeld
* 1999: For Love of the Game
* 1999: Crusade
* 2000: Star Trek
* 2000: Murder, She Wrote: A Story to Die For
* 2001: CSI
* 2001: Angel
* 2001: Charmed
* 2002: 24
* 2003: Cradle 2 the Grave
* 2003: Tencu: Wrath of Heaven
* 2003: Hulk
* 2003: Ride or Die
* 2003: Aka Ride or Die
* 2003: Sin
* 2003: Momentum
* 2003: Star Trek: Enterprise
* 2004: Aka Hustle and Heat
* 2004: Spider-Man 2
* 2004: Lost
* 2004: Crash
* 2005: The Cave
* 2006: Saints Row
* 2006: Justice League Unlimited
* 2006: Avatar: The Last Airender
* 2006: The Slanted Screen
* 2008: The Andromeda Strain
* 2008: The Onion Movie
* 2008: Saints Row 2
* 2010: The Adjustment Bureau

== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kim, Daniel Dae}}
[[Kategori:Aktor Amérika]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1968]]


{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>0jj7sp4rzp577pax7i5yghrbv39u1cd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1730994</id>
      <parentid>1730993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-22T20:35:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ooligan</username>
        <id>58913</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>2025</comment>
      <origin>1730994</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4438" sha1="lez8oc4zzaxyvqz9z8wvazvdqunnjok" xml:space="preserve">{{Rapèkna}}
{{Infobox person
| name         = Daniel Dae Kim
| image        = Daniel Dae Kim 2025 (cropped).jpg 
| caption      = Daniel Dae Kim, 2025
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|1968|08|4}}
| birth_place  = [[Busan]], [[South Koréa]]
| occupation   = Actor
| years_active = 1991–present
| module       = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent
 | hangul      = 김대현
 | hanja       = {{linktext|金|大|賢|}}
 | rr          = Gim Dae-hyeon
 | mr          = Kim Taehyŏn
 }}
}}
'''Daniel Dae Kim''' (lair tanggal 4 Agustus taun [[1968]]) dhèwèké iku aktor saka [[Koréa]] banjur pindah maring [[Amérika]] nalika umuré 2 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; Gedhé ing [[Easton]], [[Pennsylvaia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; Kim lulusan saka ''Freedom High School'' ing Bethlehem, lan Haverford College ing Haverford Township, [[Pennsylvaia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; Dhèwèké uga mèlu program akting ning NYU nalika taun [[1996]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;

Dhèwèké kerep dadi paraga ing [[filem]] kang wujudé ''science fiction'' lan ''fantasi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/chinese/d/daniel_dae_kim Biografi Daniel Dae Kim] dipununduh tanggal 8 Agustus 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Pirang-pirang filem kang wis tau dibintangi ing antarané ''Ci:Crime Scence Investigation'', ''Star Trek: VOYAGER'', 
''STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE'', ''CRUSADE'', ''CHARMED'', ''THE SHIELD'', ''SEINFELD'', ''NYPD BLUE'', ''ER'', ''THE ANDROMEDA STRAIN'', lan ''[[Hawaii 5-0]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Saliyané filem-mau Kim uga main ana ing filem ''SPIDER-MAN 2'' dhèwèké nglakoni peran 
dadi ilmuwan ing laboatorium Doctor Octavius 
kang ngintukaké panghargaan pemenang Best Picture saka Acadeny Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;

Ning taun [[2005]] Kim dinobataké dadi sawijining wong lanang paling seksi ning majalah People.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Ora namung iku dhèwèké uga dadi pengisi suara ing dedolanan ''SAINTS ROW'' lan ''24: THE GAME''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;
uga ngisi suara Metron ing ''JUSTICE LEAGU UNLIMITED''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Ning sasi Juni 2009, Kim main ana ing filem kang judhulé ''THE KING AND I'' kang digawé ana ing London, Inggris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt; 
Banjur ning sasi [[September]] [[2010]] Kim uga tampil manèh ing filem ''HAWAII FIVE-O Five'' meranake lakon Chin Ho Kelly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;

Nalika taun [[2010]], Daniel mainaké peran ning filem kang judhulé DEATHGAMES.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/chinese/d/daniel_dae_kim/berita Daniel Dae Kim Jadi Gladiator] dipununduh tanggal 8 Agustus 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
Bebarengan karo aktor-aktor kondhang saka hollywood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;
dibintangi [[Kellan Lutz]] lan [[Samuel L Jackson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt; 
filem kang nyaritakaké babagan tarung tekan mati ora béda karo gladiator ning jaman [[Romawi]] 
kuna nanging karo ''setting modern''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;
Daniel Dae Kim meranaké guru bela dhiri kang diculik lan dipaksa tarung nganti mati 
ning arena karo karakter kang diperanké déning Samuel L Jackson.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;

Dhèwèké njegur ning dunya filem awit taun [[1994]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;
Kondhang amarga mbintangi serial LOST.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt; 
Suksesé serial mau nggawé kariré nambah apik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 2&quot;/&gt;

== FILM ==
Film-filem kang tau dibintangi Daniel Dae Kim&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel Dae Kim 1&quot;/&gt;:
* 1994: American Shaolin
* 1997: Beverly Hills
* 1997: NYPD
* 1997: The Jackal
* 1998: The Pretender
* 1998: Brave New World
* 1998: Seinfeld
* 1999: For Love of the Game
* 1999: Crusade
* 2000: Star Trek
* 2000: Murder, She Wrote: A Story to Die For
* 2001: CSI
* 2001: Angel
* 2001: Charmed
* 2002: 24
* 2003: Cradle 2 the Grave
* 2003: Tencu: Wrath of Heaven
* 2003: Hulk
* 2003: Ride or Die
* 2003: Aka Ride or Die
* 2003: Sin
* 2003: Momentum
* 2003: Star Trek: Enterprise
* 2004: Aka Hustle and Heat
* 2004: Spider-Man 2
* 2004: Lost
* 2004: Crash
* 2005: The Cave
* 2006: Saints Row
* 2006: Justice League Unlimited
* 2006: Avatar: The Last Airender
* 2006: The Slanted Screen
* 2008: The Andromeda Strain
* 2008: The Onion Movie
* 2008: Saints Row 2
* 2010: The Adjustment Bureau

== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kim, Daniel Dae}}
[[Kategori:Aktor Amérika]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1968]]


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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nabath</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>80006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1730997</id>
      <parentid>1646769</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T01:57:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2647" sha1="eo002atrypee8nw680bq5vwp4e3rbyf" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Petra Jordan BW 22.JPG|thumb|300px|[[Al-Khazneh]], [[Petra]] (Kutha krajan Suku Nabath).]]
[[Gambar:Ruins of a church in Shivta in the Negev.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Shivta]], [[Israèl]].]]

'''Nabath''' ([[basa Arab]]: نبط, [[basa Ibrani]]: '''נְבָיוֹת''' / ''Nevayōt'') iku kelompok bangsa [[Arab]] kuna kang mapan ing [[Yordania]] tekan salore [[Damaskus]]. Jaman biyèn, bangsa iki nggunakaké  [[basa Aram]] kanggo saben dina.

Bangsa Nabath iku bibite kaum Nabi [[Shaleh]], utawa [[Kaum Tsamud]]. Kaum Tsamud kang misuwur prakawis ngukir pagunungan kanggo omah. Miturut [[sajarahwan]] bangsa Nabath iku kagolong bangsa Arab kuna. Bangsa Nabath iki bangsa kang nyembah [[brahala]] dhèwèké nyembah Dèwi Nasib, [[Manāt]] lan [[Hubal]].
==Ètimologi==
Dhèwèké jenengaké kaum Nabath (jamak al-anbậth الا نباط) kang miturut ''barès'' duwé teges ''wong pelosok/njeronan'', lan kutha krajan ing [[Petra]].
== Sajarah ==
Suku Nabath ngadegaké karajan wiwit abad 9 SM nganti 40 M.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_nabateans.html |title=The Mysterious Nabateans |access-date=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2023-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419153409/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_nabateans.Html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku Nabath wis tau dijajah déning [[Romawi]] lan didadèkaké [[provinsi]] saka Romawi kang dijenengi ''Arabia Petraea''. Jeneng Petra kang ateges [[watu]] diwènèhake déning wong Roma kang njajah nalika taun 106 SM. Pamaréntahan déning bangsa Romawi umuré mung saabad. Wiwit jaman iku Nabath ora katon manèh. Banjur Petra ditemokakae déning wong saka [[Switserlan]], [[Johan Burckhardt]] nalika taun [[1812]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://cybertravel.cbn.net.id/cbprtl/common/ptofriend.aspx?x=Time+Traveller&amp;y=cybertravel|3|0|3|2043 cybertravel.cbn.net.id;Jordania Oasis di Padang Ara-ara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306144119/http://cybertravel.cbn.net.id/cbprtl/common/ptofriend.aspx?x=time+traveller&amp;y=cybertravel%7C3%7C0%7C3%7C2043 |date=2016-03-06 }}(diundhuh tanggal 4 September 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

Bangsa Nabath uga prigel ing babagan dol tinuku. Bangsa kang wis tau ana sesrawungan babagan dol tinuku karo bangsa Nabath kaya ta [[Cina]], [[India]], [[Mesir]], [[Suriah]], [[Yunani]] lan [[Romawi|Romawi kuna]]. Bangsa-bangsa iku padha dol tinuku barang kang awujud [[bumbon crakèn]], [[menyan]], [[emas]], [[kéwan]], [[besi]], [[tembaga]], [[gula]], [[obat]], [[gadhing]], [[parfum]], [[kain]], lan liya-liyané.

==Cathetan sikil==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Sajarah]]
[[Kategori:Arab Saudi]]
[[Kategori:Sajarah Islam]]


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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Prambors</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>88125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1731023</id>
      <parentid>1673721</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T08:21:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1731023</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7365" sha1="ivf7qkgziwbf8vwdn6x4raujcgjhnec" xml:space="preserve">'''Prambors''' ya iku stasiun [[radhio]] kang sasarané kaum mudha Ing [[Indonésia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://www.pramborsfm.com/about-us/history.html Sejarah Prambors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617212012/http://www.pramborsfm.com/about-us/history.html |date=2012-06-17 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Jeneng jangkep Prambors ya iku '''Prambors Rasisonia''' singkatan saka ''[[Prambanan]], [[Candhi Mendut|Mendut]], [[Borobudur]] dan sekitarnya'' (Prambors) lan [[Radhio]] Siaran Sosial Niaga (Rasisonia).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

== Sajarah ==

Wiwitane Prambors iku [[radhio]] sing digawé déning saklompok nom-noman sing nembé bisa dirungokake ing sak pérangan panggonan ana [[Jakarta]], ya iku [[Prambanan]], [[Mendut]], [[Borobudur]] lan kiwa-tengené.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://www.pramborsfm.com/about-us/history.html www.pramborsfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617212012/http://www.pramborsfm.com/about-us/history.html |date=2012-06-17 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 16 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Rikala semono anggotane Prambors ya iku Imran Amir, Mursid, Rustam, Malik Sjafei, Bambang Wahyudi, lan Tri Tunggal.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Para anggota mau ngrasa perlu ngewenehi Prambors pemancar [[radhio]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Banjur dhèwèké kabèh ngrakit ''transmiter prasaja'' lan kabèh ubarampe kang dibutuhake ana ing kamare Bambang Wahyudi.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Amerga biyèn durung ana kaset utawa tape, mula yèn muter lagu nganggo piringan ireng.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Tahun [[1970]], pamarintah ngentokake aturan anyar, ngenani [[radhio]] ya iku saben [[radhio]] kang duwé badan hukum kudu wujudé Perseroan Tebatas (PT) utawa perkumpulan.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Prambors netepi aturan iku, saéngga jenenge dadi PT [[Radhio]] Prambors Broadcasting Service.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Rikala taun 80-an jeneng iku diowahi manèh dadi PT Radhio Prambors.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Alon-alon, jebul Prambors wis nduwé komunitas pendengar kang akèh-akèhé cah nom. Lagu-lagu lan materi giyaran uga dipasake marang sing ngrungokake.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Wiwit taun [[1971]] nganti [[1978]], Prambors uga saya manteb ana ing jurusan cah nom, sing rikala semono durung nduwé saingan.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Produk Prambors saya akèh, wiwit saka kaset kompilasi nganti acara off air Lomba Cipta Lagu Remaja (LCLR) kang sukses.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Ana ing jaman 80-an, Prambors wiwit ndhandhani awake dhéwé amarga rikala semono wis krasa ana saingan karo stasiun [[radhio]] liya.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Salah sijining usaha supaya tetep njaga komunitas pendengar ya iku mawa ''games''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Kuis kang dikembangake akèh jinisé, karo bebungah kang pas iku lumayan sensasional, upamané [[mobil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Saliyané kuis, ing mangsa 90-an wiwit ana acara-acara anyar, kaya ta Catatan si Boy, Diary, uga acara off air kaya Tenda Mangkal, Prambors Nite.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Komunitas pendengar Prambors saya suwé saya gedhé, mligine disengkuyunh déning pembenahan kualitas audione kang dipindah menyang jalur FM 102.3 ing taun [[1987]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Amerga ana penataan ulang kabèh frekuensi kang ditokake déning Departemen Perhubungan, wiwit 1 [[Agustus]] [[2004]] Prambors malih frekuensi sing biyene FM 102.3 dadi102.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; nganti saiki, Prambors ana ing 8 kutha ing [[Indonésia]], ya iku:
* Prambors [[Jakarta]] 102.2 FM
* Prambors [[Bandung]] 98.4 FM
* Prambors [[Semarang]] 102 FM
* Prambors [[Sala]] 99.2 FM
* Prambors [[Yogyakarta]] 95.8 FM
* Prambors [[Surabaya]] 89.3 FM
* Prambors [[Medan]] 97.5 FM, dan
* Prambors [[Makassar]] 105.1 FM.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;

== SI JABRIK ==

Prambors duwé logo kang raket banget karo jeneng Prambors. Logo iku wujudé wajah wong wadon kang rambute kriting, gambar vinyet.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;&gt;[http://www.anneahira.com/prambors-17094.htm www.anneahira.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625015313/http://www.anneahira.com/prambors-17094.htm |date=2012-06-25 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 3 Juli 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Wong-wog ngarani “Si Jabrik”.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt;
Pisanane logo Prambors metu mung angger nggawé gambar templek kang tulisané “Prambors”.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Ora padha, ora masalah.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Nanging rikala Prambors kudu dadi badan usaha, pas iku kepikiran Prambors kudu nduwé logo.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Ceritane ana salah sijiné sampul almbum kelompok musik saka [[Walanda]] –The Ekseption-kang gambare apik.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Gambare kira-kira arep padha karo logo “si Jabrik” saiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Supaya ora dikira njiplak tenanan, gambare diowahi sitik.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Gambar wong wadon iku digawé ndhingkluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Sing ngowahi gambar iku ya iku penyiar Prambors, Wimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt;

Logo “Si Jabrik” wiwit dianggo taun [[1969]], pas Prambors awujud yayasn.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Wong wadon kriting iki saya disenengi, nganti akèh sing niru lan dipasang ana kaca mobil.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

taun [[1980]]-an, ukurane “Si jabrik” digawé luwih cilik, mung ana ing jero huruf O saka tulisan Prambors, nanging, logo iki tau ilang rikala Prambors manuhaké gambar templek kuning “102.3 Fmania”.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Rikala Prambors nggenti logone dadi wujud biru oval ditambahi lis warna ireng, si Jabrik ora dikatutkake.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Banjur ing taun 2001, logo si Jabrik metu manèh.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Gumregut obahan retro ana Prambors tetep ndadèkaké mawa sing paling apik saka punjul 40 taun kapungkur.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt;

== Program unggulan ==
{{col-css3-begin}}
* Warung Kopi alias [[Warkop]]
* [[Prambors Discotheque]]
* Lomba Cipta Lagu Remaja alias [[LCLR]]
* [[Playboy Kabel]]
* [[Memory Song]]
* [[Catatan Si Boy]]
* [[Porsi Kamu]]
* [[Sersan Prambors]]
* [[Kuis Dan Gan Sensation]]
* [[Prambors Nite]]
* [[Prambors Cafe]]
* [[Tenda Mangkal]]
* [[Prambors Wow Mania]]
* [[Saturday Blast]]
* [[Prambors Piknik]]
* [[Balada Cinta Ramadhan]]
* [[Power of Putih Abu-Abu]] alias POPA
* [[Putuss]]
* [[Kumpul Kribo]]
* [[Nubuzz]]
* [[Copywriter's Ball]]
* [[Riot on Air]]
* [[2nd Wave]]
* [[Panda Berkokok]]
* [[Cowok Tulen]] (Prambors Makassar)
* [[The Sofa]] (Prambors Makassar)
{{col-css3-end}}

== Pambiwara ([[Disc Jockey|DJ]]) sing kondhang ==
{{col-css3-begin}}
# [[Dono (Warkop)|Dono]]
# [[Kasino (Warkop)|Kasino]]
# [[Indro (Warkop)|Indro]]
# [[Sys NS]]
# [[Pepeng]]
# [[Nana Krip]]
# [[Jimmy Gideon]]
# [[Irfan Ihsan]]
# [[Arlingga Panega|Arlingga &quot;Angga&quot; Panega]]
# [[Fla Priscilla]]
# [[Seto Mulyadi|Kak Seto]]
# [[Krisna Mukti]]
# [[Ida Arimurti]]
# [[Becky Tumewu|Rebecca Tumewu]]
# [[Ariono Arifin]]
# [[Muthia Kasim]]
# [[Erwin Parengkuan]]
# [[Ferdi Hasan]]
# [[Venna Anissa]]
# [[Nicholas Saputra]]
# [[Arie Apriludy|Arie Dagienkz]]
# [[Deddy Mahendra Desta|Desta]]
# [[Veronica Felicia Kumala]]
# Asri Poeraatmadja
# Putri Suhendro
# Epri

{{col-css3-end}}

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.pramborsfm.com/ Situs web resmi Radio Prambors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509134111/http://www.pramborsfm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }}

[[Kategori:Stasiun radhio ing Jakarta|Prambors]]
[[Kategori:Stasiun radhio ing Indonésia|Prambors]]


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  <page>
    <title>Regulus</title>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-23T10:38:50Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7337" sha1="8f5ekds5f7nfk72v18kx3jgkqq7e2nd" xml:space="preserve">{{Starbox begin |
   name=[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-id.pl?protocol=html&amp;Ident=Regulus Regulus A/B/C] }}
{{Starbox image
 | image=[[Gambar:Leo constellation map.png|250px]]
 | caption=Regulus is located at the lower right on this map of the constellation. }}
{{Starbox observe |
  epoch=J2000 |
  constell=[[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] |
  ra=A: 10h 08 min 22.3s{{br}}BC: 10h 08 min 12.8/14s |
  dec=A: +11° 58' 02&quot;{{br}}BC: +11° 59' 48&quot; |
  appmag_v=1.35/8.14/13.5 }}
{{Starbox character |
  class=B7 V/K1-2 V/M5 V |
  b-v=−0.11/0.87 |
  u-b=−0.36/0.54 |
  variable=Slightly }}
{{Starbox astrometry |
  radial_v=+5.9 |
  prop_mo_ra=249 |
  prop_mo_dec=2 |
  parallax=42.09 |
  p_error=0.79 |
  absmag_v=−0.52/4.2/9.5 }}
{{Starbox detail|
  age=5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; |
  metal= |
  mass=3.5/0.8/0.2 |
  radius=3.15–4.15/0.5/? |
  rotation=315 km/s. (15.9 hours)/? |
  luminosity=150/0.31 | 
  temperature=10,300–15,400/? }}
{{Starbox catalog |
  names=Alpha Leonis, 32 Leo, Cor Leonis, Basilicus, Lion’s Heart, Rex, Kalb al Asad, Kabeleced, [[Gliese-Jahreiss catalogue|GJ]] 9316, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 3982,  [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]] +12° 2149/2147, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 87901/87884, [[General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes|GCTP]] 2384.00, [[Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue|LTT]] 12716/12714, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory|SAO]] 98967/98966, FK5 380, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 49669, TD1 14585. }}
{{Starbox reference |
  Simbad=HD+87901 }}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Regulus (α Leo / α Leonis / [[alpha (letter)|Alpha]] Leonis)''' yaiku lintang ingkang padhang piyambak ning rasi [[Leo]] lan kagolong lintang kang cemerlang ning langit nalika bengi. [[Lintang]] iki ana ning jarak 77.5 [[taun cahya]] saka [[Bumi]]. Regulus kagolong ning sistem multi bintang tuladhané liyané yaiku papat lintang kang nggabung ning rong pasang bintang. '''Regulus A''' yaiku lintang biru keputihan lan pasanganné kang durung diteliti, bisa baé [[bintang katai]] putih (''white dwarf'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=A Spectroscopic Orbit for Regulus|author=Gies, D.R. ''et al.''|year=2008|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=682|issue=2|pages=L117–L120|doi=10.1086/591148|bibcode=2008ApJ...682L.117G}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ing ngarepé ''Regulus A'' ana pasangané yaiku'''Regulus B''' lan '''Regulus C''', kang kagolong lintang remeng.

== Observasi ==

Regulus ana ing garis ekliptik, lan bakal nglakoni okultasi reguler karo [[Bulan]]. [[Okultasi]] karo [[Merkurius]] lan [[Venus]] uga bisa kedaden nanging jarang. Okultasi Regulus déning planit [[Venus]] kedaden nalika tanggal 7 [[Juli]] [[1959]]. Okultasi sawisé iku dikira-kira bakal kedaden ing tanggal 1 [[Oktober]] 2044. [[Matahari]] tekan ing titik paling cedhak karo Regulus nganti tanggal 23 [[Agustus]] nggal taun.

Regulus duwé massa 3.5 kali [[Matahari]] lan kagolong lintang kang umuré esih enom, yaiku kira-kira pirangatus yuta taun. Lintang iki mubengé rikat banget, yaiku 15.9 jam, njalari brubahé warna kang rikat.&lt;ref name=&quot;apj628&quot;&gt;{{cite journal
 | author=McAlister, H. A., ten Brummelaar, T. A., et al.
 | title=First Results from the CHARA Array. I. An Interferometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Fast Rotator Alpha Leonis (Regulus).
 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal
 | year=2005 | volume=628 | pages=439–452 
 | doi=10.1086/430730
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Visibilitas ==

'''Regulus A''' yaiku lintang kang cemerlang ning langit nalika bengi karoan [[magnitudo]] kang nengsemaké. '''Regulus B''' kagolong [[lintang katai]] kelas K2 kang katon luwih remeng dibandingaké karo komponèn A. Komponèn akir, '''Regulus C''', yaiku lintang abang cilik lan paling remeng ning watarané telung komponèn sarta saiki lintang iki lagi prosès obeservasi

== Ètimologi ==

''Rēgulus'' asalé saka [[basa Latin]] kang artiné ''pangeran'' utawa ''raja cilik''. Masarakat [[Yunani]] nyebuté '''Basiliscus''' kang artiné pada. Jeneng liyané kanggo bintang iki yaiku:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! jeneng liya
! asal basa
! artiné
|-
|Qalb Al Asad, Kabelaced / Cor Leōnis||[[Basa Arab|Arab]] / [[Basa Latin|Latin]] ||jantung (sang singa)
|-
|Rex / Malikiyy ||[[Basa Latin|Latin]] / [[Basa Arab|Arab]] ||raja
|-
|軒轅十四 / Xuanyuanshísì||[[China]] ||lintang kaping patbelas saka rasi [[Pratélan asterisme ning Bintang#Xuanyuan|Xuanyuan]]&lt;ref&gt;salah sawijining rasi bintang miturut bangsa Cina&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|軒轅大星 / Xuanyuandàxīng||[[China]] ||bintang besar ning rasi [[Pratélan asterisme ning Bintang#Xuanyuan|Xuanyuan]]&lt;ref name=sb0&gt;http://www.chinese-tools.com/tools/sinograms.html&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|皇后 / Huánghòu||[[China]] ||(bintang) kang berkuasa lan nyumunar&lt;ref name=&quot;sb0&quot;/&gt;
|-
|女主 / Nǚzhu||[[China]] ||pelayan wanita &lt;ref name=&quot;sb0&quot;/&gt;
|}

Saliyané [[rasi]] [[Leo]], lintang iki uga kagolong anggota saka rasi utawa asterisma:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! jeneng rasi / asterisma
! asal 
! artiné
! anggota liyané
|-
| 軒轅十 / Xuanyuan || [[China]] ||[[Pratélan asterisme ning Bintang#Xuanyuan|Xuanyuan]]||[[10 Ursae Majoris|10 UMa]], [[HD 77912]], [[38 Lyncis|38 Lyn]], [[Alpha Lyncis|α Lyn]], [[15 Leonis|15 Leo]], [[Kappa Leonis|κ Leo]], [[Lambda Leonis|λ Leo]], [[Epsilon Leonis|ε Leo]], [[Mu Leonis|μ Leo]], [[Zeta Leonis|ζ Leo]], [[Gamma Leonis|γ Leo]], [[Eta Leonis|η Leo]], [[Omicron Leonis|ο Leo]], [[Rho Leonis|ρ Leo]], [[31 Leonis|31 Leo]] 
|-
| Sickle || ||sabit ||[[Gamma Leonis|γ Leo]], [[Epsilon Leonis|ε Leo]], [[Zeta Leonis|ζ Leo]], [[Eta Leonis|η Leo]], [[Mu Leonis|μ Leo]]
|-
| Al Jabhah || [[Basa Arab|Arab]] ||kepala pérangan depan||[[Gamma Leonis|γ Leo]], [[Zeta Leonis|ζ Leo]], [[Eta Leonis|η Leo]], [[Mu Leonis|μ Leo]]
|-
| Magha (मघा) || (agama) [[Hindhu]] ||kang agung ||ora ana
|-
| UR.GU.LA || [[Mesopotamia]] ||raja ||tidak ada
|-
| Sky Dragon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.amastro2.org/at/as/asas.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-11-11 |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513201128/http://www.amastro2.org/at/as/asas.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;||  ||naga di langit||[[Altair|α Aql]], [[Capella|α Aur]], [[Arcturus|α Boo]], [[Sirius|α CMa]], [[Procyon|α CMi]], [[Alpha Cygni|α Cyg]], [[Beta Geminorum|β Gem]], [[Alpha Geminorum|α Gem]], [[Vega|α Lyr]], [[Rigel|β Or]], [[Betelgeuse|α Or]], [[Fomalhaut|α PsA]], [[Antares|α Sco]], [[Alpha Tauri|α Tau]], [[Spica|α Vir]]
|}
{{-}}

[[Gambar:Regulus1.jpg|thumb|Regulus]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

* Fred Schaaf, “Horrorfications of the Lion’s heart,” ''[[Sky &amp; Telescope]]'', [[April 2006]].

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=100726&amp;org=NSF&amp;from=news Portrait of a Star on the Edge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210043126/http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=100726&amp;org=NSF&amp;from=news |date=2009-02-10 }}
* [http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/egg_regulus_spinning.html?2112005 Egg-Shaped Regulus is Spinning Fast]
* [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060619.html Regulus as Astronomy Picture of the Day of 19th june 2006]
* {{cite web |
 title=Regulus 3 | 
 work=SolStation |
 url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/regulus3.htm |
 dateformat=mdy |
 accessdate=December 1 2005}}
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Rasi bintang Leo]]
[[Kategori:Antariksa]]


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  <page>
    <title>Pratélan Mahamantri Indhiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>1731027</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-23T09:39:40Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>2409:40D4:30D6:6985:8000:0:0:0</ip>
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      <text bytes="32561" sha1="axsx17ed7hat12iq4to3wbspuq5tsps" xml:space="preserve">Sacara praktis, '''[[Mahamantri]] India''' wujud kakuwasan penuh sawijining wong ing njero papréntahan [[India]].

==List==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!N
! width=&quot;100px&quot; | Portrait
! Name
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Term of office
! Notable events
! Emperor
|-
|1
|
|'''[[Mir Khalifa|Amir Nizamuddin Khalifa]]'''
|1526
|1540
|[[First Battle of Panipat|1st Battle of panipat]]
[[Battle of Khanwa]]
|[[Babur]] (1526{{Snd}}1530)
&amp; [[Humayun]] (1530{{Snd}}1540)
|-
|2
|
|'''[[Qaracha Khan]]'''
|1540
|1550
|He was a governor of [[Kandahar|qandhar]] and humayun appoint him as Grand-Vizier of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal State]].
|[[Humayun]] (1530{{Snd}}1556)
|-
|3
| 
| '''[[Bairam Khan]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1550
| 1560
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=6 style= &quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Akbar|Akbar-i-Azam]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|اکبر اعظم}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1556-1605)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|4
| 
| '''[[Munim Khan]]'''
|1560
|1565
|
|-
|5
| 
| '''[[Muzaffar Khan Turbati]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Medieval_India_From_Sultanat_to_the_Mugh/0Rm9MC4DDrcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=no+vakil+appointed+from+1579&amp;pg=PA136&amp;printsec=frontcover |author= Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |page= 136}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1575
| 1579
|No Vakil was appointed after his appointment to governorship in Bengal from 1579 until 1589
|-
|6
| [[File:ABU'L FAZL IBN MUBARAK (D. 1602 AD) AKBARNAMA.jpg|90px]]
| '''[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author= Alfred J. Andrea, James H. Overfield |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Human_Record_To_1700/QJsx7eQ0rwAC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor&amp;dq=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor&amp;printsec=frontcover |page= 476 |title= The Human Record: To 1700 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |quote= Abul Fazl(1551-1602), the emperor's chief advisor and confidant from 1579 until Abul Fazl's assassination at the instigation of Prince Salim, the future Emperor Jahangir(r. 1605-1627)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1579
| 1602
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|7
| 
| '''[[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana|Khanzada Abdur Rahim]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1589
| 1595
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|8
| [[File:Mirza Aziz Koka.png|80px]]
| '''[[Mirza Aziz Koka]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1595
| 1605
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|9
| 
| '''[[Sharifi Khan|Sharif Khan]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1605
| 1611
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=3 style= &quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Jahangir]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|جہانگیر}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1605-1627)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|10
| [[File:A portrait of Mirza Ghiyas Beg aka 'I'timād-ud-Daulah', 18th century.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Mirza Ghias Beg]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1611
| 1622
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|11
| [[File:Portrait of Asaf Khan.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1622
| 1630
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|12
| 
| '''[[Afzal Khan Shirazi]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1630
| 1639
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=4 style= &quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Shah Jahan]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|شاہ جہان}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1628-1658)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|13
| 
| '''[[Islam Khan II|Islam Khan Mashadi]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1639
| 1640
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|14
| 
| '''[[Wazir Khan (Lahore)|Shaikh Ilam-ud-Din Ansari]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Shah_Jahan_Nama_of_Inayat_Khan/n_BtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=Alim+-+ud+-+din+prime+shah+jahan&amp;dq=Alim+-+ud+-+din+prime+shah+jahan&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan)|author= Abraham Richard Fuller| date=1990 |publisher= University of Michigan |page= 602}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1640
| 1642
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|15
| [[File:Sadullah Khan giving audience, c1655.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Sadullah Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/A_Pageant_of_India/Wp0BAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=saadullah+khan+1641&amp;dq=saadullah+khan+1641&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Compiled by His Royal Librarian : the Nineteenth-century Manuscript Translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, Add. 30,777)|date= 1927 |author= Adolf Simon Waley |publisher= Constable }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1642
| 1656 
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
* [[Taj Mahal]] completed

|-
|16
| [[File:Mir Jumla.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Mir Jumla II|Mir Jumla]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Indian Institute of Public Administration |title=The Indian Journal of Public Administration: Quarterly Journal of the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Volume 22 |date=1976 |publisher=The Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1656 
| 1657
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
| rowspan=5 style= &quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Alamgir I]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1658-1707)&lt;/small&gt;

|-
|17
| 
| '''[[Jafar Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&amp;dq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress - Proceedings: Volume 42 |date=1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1657
| 1658
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|18
| 
| '''[[Fazil Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&amp;dq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress - Proceedings: Volume 42 |date=1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1658
| 1663
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|(17)
| 
| '''[[Jafar Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Indian Institute of Public Administration |title=The Indian Journal of Public Administration: Quarterly Journal of the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Volume 22 |date=1976 |publisher=The Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1663
| 1670 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=jafar+khan+wazir+of+aurangzeb&amp;dq=jafar+khan+wazir+of+aurangzeb&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress Proceedings: Volume 42 |date= 1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|19
| 
| '''[[Asad Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Krieger-Krynicki |first1=Annie |title=Captive Princess: Zebunissa, Daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb |date=2005 |publisher=University of Michigan |isbn=0195798376}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1675 
| 1707
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
* [[Mughal–Maratha Wars]]
*[[Anglo-Mughal War]]
|-
|20
| 
| '''[[Mun'im Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Kaicker |first1=Abhishek |title=The King and the People: Sovereignty and Popular Politics in Mughal Delhi |date=3 Feb 2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190070687}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1707 
| 1711
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=1 style= &quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Bahadur Shah I]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|بہادر شاہ}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1707-1712)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|21
| 
| '''[[Hidayatullah Khan]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Later_Mughal/ak5oFjTys8MC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=hidayatullah+khan+wazir&amp;pg=PA128&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= Later Mughals |author= William Irvine |page= 128 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1711
| 1713
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=2 style= &quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Jahandar Shah]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|جہاندار شاہ}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1712-1713)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|22
|
| '''[[Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[[John F. Richards]], ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: The Mughal Empire'' (New York: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1993), p. 262&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1712
| 1713
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|23
| 
| '''[[Mir Rustam Ali Khan]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1710
| 1737
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=2 style=&quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Farrukhsiyar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|فرخ سیر}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1713–1719)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|24
| [[File:Abdullah Khan Barha.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |title=Britannica Guide to India |date=2009 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |isbn=978-1593398477}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1713
| 1720
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
* Mughal throne occupied by a series of puppet rulers under the Syed brothers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Baji_Rao_I_the_Great_Peshwa/66E5AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=mughal+throne+puppet+syed+brothers&amp;dq=mughal+throne+puppet+syed+brothers&amp;printsec=frontcover |title= Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa |author=  C. K. Srinivasan |date= 1962 |page= 22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|25
| [[File:Muḥammad Amín Xán.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Muhammad Amin Khan Turani]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |title=Britannica Guide to India |date=2009 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |isbn=978-1593398477}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1720
| 1721
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Muhammad Shah]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|محمد شاہ}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1719-1748)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|26
| [[File:Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad.jpg|80px]]
| [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|'''Mir Qamar-ud-Din Khan Asaf Jah I''']]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Disha Experts |title=The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 &amp; State PSC Exams 3rd Edition |date=17 Dec 2018 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-9388373036}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1721
| 1724
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |

|-
|27
| [[File:The vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.jpg|80px]]
| [[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|'''Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan''']]
| 1724
| 1731
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
*[[Battle of Delhi (1737)]]
*[[Battle of Bhopal]]
* [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|Nader Shah's invasion of Mughal Empire]]
*[[Battle of Karnal]]
*[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|First invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
*[[Battle of Manupur (1748)]]
|-
|28
|[[File:Saadat_Ali_Khan_I.jpg|127x127px]]
|[[Saadat Ali Khan I]]
|1731
|19 March 1739
|-
|(27)
|[[File:The_vizier_Qamar_ud-Din_circa_1735_Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France,_Paris.jpg|128x128px]]
|[[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|'''Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan''']]
|19 March 1739
|1748
|-
|29
| [[File:Safdarjung (1).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Safdar Jang]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Disha Experts |title=The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 &amp; State PSC Exams 3rd Edition |date=17 Dec 2018 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-9388373036}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1748
| 1753
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
*[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Second invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
*[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Third invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
* [[Battle of Lahore (1752)]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|احمد شاہ بہادر}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1748-1754)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|30
|
| '''[[Intizam-ud-Daulah]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Khwaja, Sehar. &quot;Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India.&quot; Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1753
| 1754
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
|-
|31
|[[File:Safdarjung,_second_Nawab_of_Awadh,_Mughal_dynasty._India._early_18th_century.jpg|128x128px]]
|[[Safdarjung|Muhammad Muqim]]
|1 October 1754
|5 October 1754
|
|-
|32
| [[File:Ghází al-Dín Xán ʿImád al-Mulk.jpg|80px]]
| [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|'''Imad-ul-Mulk Feroze Jung''']]&lt;ref&gt;Khwaja, Sehar. &quot;Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India.&quot; Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1754
| 1760
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
*[[Black Hole of Calcutta]]
* [[Battle of Plassey]]
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Alamgir II]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر دوم}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1754-1759)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|33
| [[File:अवध के नवाब शुजाउद्दौला.jpg|80px]]
|&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;

[[Shuja-ud-Daula|Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan]]
| 1760

| 1775

| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
*[[Third Battle of Panipat]]
* [[Battle of Buxar]]
*[[Treaty of Allahabad]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#EAECF0&quot; |'''[[Shah Alam II]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{Nastaliq|شاہ عالم دوم}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1760-1806)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|34
|
|'''''[[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]]'''''
|1760
|1775
|
|-
|35
| [[File:Asifportrait2 - Asuf ud Daula.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Asaf-ud-Daula]]'''
| 1775
|1784
| style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |
|-
|(34)
|
|'''''[[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]]'''''
|1784
|1784
|
|-
|(35)
|[[File:Asifportrait2_-_Asuf_ud_Daula.jpg|109x109px]]
|[[Asaf-ud-Daula]]
|1784
|1797
|
|-
|36
|[[File:WazirAliKhan.jpg|109x109px]]
|[[Wazir Ali Khan]]
|21 September 1797&amp;nbsp;
|21 January 1798
|
|}
=== List of Prime Minister Mughal ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
!N
! style=&quot;background-color:width=&quot;10%&quot; |Portrait
! style=&quot;background-color width=&quot;15%&quot; |Personal Name
! style=&quot;background-color: width=&quot;9%&quot; |Reign
! style=&quot;background-color: width=&quot;9%&quot; |Birth
! style=&quot;background-color: width=&quot;9%&quot; |Death
|-
|(36)
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:WazirAliKhan.jpg|109x109px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Wazir Ali Khan]]{{Nastaliq|وزیر علی خان}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |21 September 1797&amp;nbsp;– 21 January 1798
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1780
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1817
|-
|37
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Saadat_Ali_Khan_II.jpg|131x131px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Saadat Ali Khan II]]{{Nastaliq|سعادت علی خان}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |21 January 1798&amp;nbsp;– 11 July 1814
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1752
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1814
|-
|38
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Ghazi-ud-Din_Haider_Robert_Home_1820.jpg|138x138px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah]]{{Nastaliq|غازی الدیں حیدر شاہ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11 July 1814&amp;nbsp;– 19 October 1827
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1769
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1827
|-
|39
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Nasir_ud_din_haidar.jpg|134x134px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Nasiruddin Haider|Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah]]{{Nastaliq|ناصر الدیں حیدر شاہ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |19 October 1827&amp;nbsp;– 7 July 1837
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1827
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1837
|-
|40
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:MuhammadAliShah.jpg|109x109px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Muhammad Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|محمّد علی شاہ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7 July 1837&amp;nbsp;– 7 May 1842
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1777
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1842
|-
|42
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:AmjadAliShah.jpg|109x109px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Amjad Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|امجد علی شاہ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7 May 1842&amp;nbsp;– 13 February 1847
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1801
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1847
|-
|43
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Vajid_Ali_Shah.jpg|123x123px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Wajid Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|واجد علی شاہ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |13 February 1847&amp;nbsp;– 11 February 1856
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1822
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 September 1887
|-
|44
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg|135x135px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Begum Hazrat Mahal|Begum hazrat Mahal]]{{Nastaliq|بیگم حضرت محل}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11 February 1856&amp;nbsp;– 5 July1857 
''Wife of Wajid Ali Shah and mother of Birjis Qadra'' (''in rebellion'')
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1820
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7 April 1879
|-
|45
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Birjis_Qadra.jpg|102x102px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Birjis Qadr]]{{Nastaliq|بر جیس قدر}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858
(''in rebellion'')
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1845
| align=&quot;center&quot; |14 August 1893
|}

=== List of Prime Minister Mughal  ===
{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot; class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!N
!  style=&quot;width:8%;&quot;| Portrait
!  style=&quot;width:18%;&quot;| Birth Name
! style=&quot;width:20%;&quot; | Reign
!  style=&quot;width:9%;&quot;| Birth
!  style=&quot;width:13%;&quot;| Death
!  style=&quot;width:20%;&quot;| Notes
|-
|46
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Bahadur Shah II of India.jpg|80px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bahadur Shah II|Abu Zafar Siraj al-Din Muhammad]] &lt;br&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3 March 1858&amp;nbsp;– 7 November 1862
(19 years, 360 days)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|24 October 1775 [[Delhi]], India
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|7 November 1862 (aged 87) [[Rangoon, Myanmar]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Last Mughal Emperor. Deposed by the British and was exiled to [[Myanmar|Burma]] after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion of 1857]].
|}

=== List of prime ministers of India ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Portrait
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Name&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(birth and death)}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Term of office
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Party
|-
!Took office
!Left office
|-
|47
|
|[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]]
|1862
|1862
| rowspan=&quot;23&quot; |[[Independent]]
|-
|48
|
|[[Jung Bahadur Rana]]
|1862
|1862
|-
|49
|
|[[Dost Mohammad Khan]]
|1862
|1862
|-
|50
|
|[[Jyotirao Phule]]
|1862
|1863
|-
|51
|
|[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin|James Bruce]]
|1863
|1863
|-
|52
|
|[[Dayananda Saraswati]]
|1863
|1863
|-
|53
|
|[[Ramakrishna]]
|1863
|1863
|-
|54
|
|[[Sher Ali Khan]]
|1863
|1863
|-
|55
|
|[[Takht Singh]]
|1863
|1863
|-
|56
|
|[[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]]
|1863
|1863
|-
|57
|
|[[Debendranath Tagore]]
|1863
|1870
|-
|58
|
|[[Syed Ahmad Khan]]
|1870
|1875
|-
|59
|
|[[Mohsin-ul-Mulk]]
|1875
|1880
|-
|60
|
|[[Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I]]
|1880
|1883
|-
|61
|
|[[Ranodip Singh Kunwar]]
|1883
|1883
|-
|62
|
|[[Mir Laiq Ali Khan, Salar Jung II]]
|1883
|1883
|-
|63
|
|[[Keshub Chandra Sen]]
|1883
|1883
|-
|64
|
|[[Herbert Spencer]]
|1884
|1885
|-
|65
|
|[[Bhikaiji Cama]]
|1885
|1885
|-
|66
|
|[[Abhayananda]]
|1885
|1885
|-
|67
|
|[[Jaswant Singh II]]
|1885
|1885
|-
|68
|
|[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|John Wodehouse]]
|1885
|1885
|-
|69
|
|[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Frederick Hamilton]]
|1885
|1885
|-
|}

===List of prime ministers of India===
;Legend 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; width=&quot;72%&quot;
|+
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{abbr|No.|Number}}
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Portrait
! class=&quot;sortable&quot; |Name
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Term of office
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Appointed by
!Party
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |70
|[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.|119x119px]]
|{{sortname|Womesh Chandra|Bonnerjee}}
|1885
|[[Bombay]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |71
|[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]]
|{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji}}
|1886
|[[Calcutta]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |72
|[[File:BadruddinTyabji.jpg|alt=An image of Badruddin Tyabji.|92x92px]]
|{{sortname|Badruddin|Tyabji}}
|1887
|[[Madras]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |73
|[[File:George_Yule.jpg|alt=An image of George Yule.|99x99px]]
|{{sortname|George|Yule|George Yule (businessman)}}
|1888
|Allahabad
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |74
|[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|alt=An image of William Wedderburn.|106x106px]]
|{{sortname|William|Wedderburn}}
|1889
|Bombay
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |75
|[[File:Pherozeshah_Mehta_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg|alt=An image of Pherozesha Mehta.|111x111px]]
|{{sortname|Pherozeshah|Mehta}}
|1890
|Calcutta
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |76
|
|{{sortname|Panapakkam|Anandacharlu}}
|1891
|[[Nagpur]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |(70)
)
|[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.|119x119px]]
|{{sortname|Womesh Chandra|Bonnerjee|nolink=1}}
|1892
|Allahabad
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |(71)
|[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]]
|{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji|nolink=1}}
|1893
|[[Lahore]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |77
|[[File:AlfredWebb.jpg|alt=An image of Alfred Webb.|104x104px]]
|{{sortname|Alfred|Webb}}
|1894
|Madras
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |78
|[[File:Surendranath_Banerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.|86x86px]]
|{{sortname|Surendranath|Banerjee}}
|1895
|[[Poona]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |79
|[[File:RMSayani.jpg|alt=An image of Rahimtulla M. Sayani.|104x104px]]
|{{sortname|Rahimtulla M.|Sayani}}
|1896
|Calcutta
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |80
|[[File:SirChetturSankaranNair.jpg|alt=An image of C Sankaran Nair.|100x100px]]
|{{sortname|C. Sankaran|Nair}}
|1897
|[[Amaravati]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |81
|[[File:AnandaMohanBose.JPG|alt=An image of Anandamohan Bose.|75x75px]]
|{{sortname|Anandamohan|Bose}}
|1898
|Madras
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |82
|[[File:Romesh_Chunder_Dutt.jpg|alt=An image of Romesh Chunder Dutt.|108x108px]]
|{{sortname|Romesh Chunder|Dutt}}
|1899
|[[Lucknow]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |83
|[[File:N._G._Chandavarkar_cyclopedia.png|alt=An image of N. G. Chandavarkar.|104x104px]]
|{{sortname|N. G.|Chandavarkar}}
|1900
|Lahore
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |84
|[[File:DinshawWacha.jpg|alt=An image of Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.|99x99px]]
|{{sortname|Dinshaw Edulji|Wacha}}
|1901
|Calcutta
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!85
|
|[[Swami Vivekananda]]
|1902
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |86
|[[File:Surendranath_Banerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.|86x86px]]
|{{sortname|Surendranath|Banerjee}}
|1902
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |87
|
|{{sortname|Lalmohan|Ghosh}}
|1903
|Madras
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |88
|[[File:Henry_Cotton.jpg|alt=An image of Henry Cotton.|110x110px]]
|{{sortname|Henry John Stedman|Cotton|Henry Cotton (civil servant)}}
|1904
|Bombay
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |89
|[[File:Gopal_krishan_gokhale.jpg|alt=An image of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.|75x75px]]
|{{sortname|Gopal Krishna|Gokhale}}
|1905
|[[Banaras]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |90
|[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]]
|{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji}}
|1906
|Calcutta
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |91
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:Rash_Bihari_Ghosh.jpg|alt=An image of Rashbihari Ghosh.|111x111px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{sortname|Rashbihari|Ghosh}}
|1907
|[[Surat]]
|
|-
|1908
|Madras
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |92
|[[File:Madan_Mohan_Malaviya_1961_stamp_of_India.jpg|alt=An image of Madan Mohan Malaviya.|87x87px]]
|{{sortname|Madan Mohan|Malaviya}}
|1909
|Lahore
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |93
|[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|alt=An image of William Wedderburn.|106x106px]]
|{{sortname|William|Wedderburn}}
|1910
|Allahabad
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |94
|
|{{sortname|Bishan Narayan|Dar}}
|1911
|Calcutta
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |95
|[[File:R_N_Mudholkar.jpg|alt=An image of Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar.|115x115px]]
|{{sortname|Raghunath Narasinha|Mudholkar}}
|1912
|[[Bankipore]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |96
|
|{{sortname|Nawab Syed Muhammad|Bahadur}}
|1913
|[[Karachi]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |97
|[[File:Bhupendranath_Bose.jpg|96x96px]]
|{{sortname|Bhupendra Nath|Bose}}
|1914
|Madras
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |98
|[[File:Lord_Sina.jpg|alt=An image of Satyendra Prasanno Sinha.|97x97px]]
|{{sortname|Satyendra Prasanno|Sinha|Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha}}
|1915
|Bombay
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |99
|[[File:1916muzumdar.jpg|alt=An image of Ambica Charan Mazumdar.|100x100px]]
|{{sortname|Ambica Charan|Mazumdar}}
|1915
|Lucknow
|
|-
|}

===List of prime ministers of India===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Portrait
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Name&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(birth and death)}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Term of office
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Party
|-
!Took office
!Left office
|-
|100
|
|[[Raja Mahendra Pratap]]
(1 December 1886 – 29 April 1979) 
|1915
|1919
|[[Independent]]
|-
|101
|
|[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] 
(7 July 1854 – 20 September 1927)
|1919
|1919
|[[Independent]]
|-
|102
|
|[[Hari Singh Gour]]
(26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949) 
|1919
|1923
|[[Independent]]
|-
|103
|
|[[Motilal Nehru]]
(6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) 
|1923
|1930
|[[Independent]]
|-
|104
|
|'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''
(1889 –1964)
|1930
|1932
|[[Independent]]
|-
|–
|
|Hari Singh Gour
(26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949) 
|1932
|1934
|[[Independent]]
|-
|105
|
|[[Bhulabhai Desai]] 
(13 October 1877 – 6 May 1946) 
|1934
|1936
|[[Independent]]
|-
|106
|
|[[Abul Kalam Azad]]
( 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) 
|1936
|1943
|[[Independent]]
|-
|107
|
|[[Mahatma Gandhi]]
(2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) 
|1 July 1943
|6 July 1943
|[[Independent]]
|-
|108
|
|[[Vallabhbhai Patel]]
( 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950)
|6 July 1943
|6 July 1943
|[[Independent]]
|-
|119
|
|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
(25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948)
|6 July 1943
|6 July 1943
|[[Independent]]
|-
|110
|
|[[Liaquat Ali Khan]]
(1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951)
|6 July 1943
|6 July 1943
|[[Independent]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |'''111'''
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[File:Subhas Chandra Bose NRB.jpg|75px]]
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |'''[[Subhash Chandra Bose]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1898–1945)}}
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |6 July 1943
|18 August 1945
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Indian National Army]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''(104)'''
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[File:Jnehru.jpg|alt=Jawaharlal Nehru|75px]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1889–1964)}}
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |18 August 1945
|15 April 1952
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|15 April 1952
|17 April 1957
|-
|17 April 1957
|2 April 1962
|-
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |2 April 1962
|27 May 1964&lt;small&gt;†&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:Wheat&quot; |  '''112'''
| style=&quot;background-color:Wheat&quot; | [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|75px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:Wheat&quot; | '''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1898–1998)}}
| style=&quot;background-color:Wheat&quot; |  27 May 1964
| style=&quot;background-color:Wheat&quot; | 9 June 1964
|-
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |'''113'''
|[[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri (from stamp).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1904–1966)}}
|9 June 1964
|11 January 1966&lt;small&gt;†&lt;/small&gt;
|- style=&quot;background-color:Wheat&quot; | -
| –
|[[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1898–1998)}}
|11 January 1966
|24 January 1966
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |'''114'''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|111x111px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1917–1984)}}
|24 January 1966
|4 March 1967
|- style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot;
|4 March 1967
|15 March 1971
|-
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |15 March 1971
|24 March 1977
|-
|'''115'''
|[[File:Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Morarji Desai]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1896–1995)}}
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |24 March 1977
|28 July 1979
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Janata Party]]
|-
|116
|
|'''[[Jagjivan Ram]]'''
&lt;small&gt;(1908–1986)&lt;/small&gt;
|28 July 1979
|28 July 1979
|-
|117
|[[File:Prime minister Charan Singh.jpg|118x118px]]
|'''[[Charan Singh]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1902–1987)}}
|28 July 1979
|8 January 1980{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
|118
|
|'''[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]'''
&lt;small&gt;(1913–1984)&lt;/small&gt;
|8 January 1980
|10 January 1980
|-
|(117)
|[[File:Prime_minister_Charan_Singh.jpg|118x118px]]
|'''[[Charan Singh]]'''
&lt;small&gt;(1902–1987)&lt;/small&gt;
|10 January 1980
|14 January 1980
|-
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |'''(114)'''
|[[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|111x111px]]
|'''Indira Gandhi'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1917–1984)}}
|14 January 1980{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|31 October 1984&lt;small&gt;†&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |'''119'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1944–1991)}}
|31 October 1984
|31 December 1984
|-
| style=&quot;height: 45px;&quot; |31 December 1984
|2 December 1989
|-
|'''120'''
|[[File:Visit of Vishwanath Pratap Sing, Indian Minister for Trade, to the CEC (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1931–2008)}}
|2 December 1989
|{{nowrap|10 November 1990{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}}
|[[Janata Dal]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(''[[National Front (India)|National Front]]'')}}
|-
|121
|
|'''[[Devi Lal]]'''
&lt;small&gt;(1915–2001)&lt;/small&gt;
|10 November 1990
|10 November 1990
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
|-
|'''122'''
|[[File:Chandra_Shekhar_Singh_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Chandra Shekhar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1927–2007)}}
|{{nowrap|10 November 1990}}
|21 June 1991{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|-
|'''123'''
|[[File:Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao,_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs,_to_the_CEC_(cropped)(2).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1921–2004)}}
|21 June 1991
|16 May 1996
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|'''124'''
|[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1924–2018)}}
|16 May 1996
|1 June 1996{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|'''125'''
|[[File:H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(born 1933)}}
|1 June 1996
|21 April 1997{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Janata Dal]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(''[[United Front (India)|United Front]]'')}}
|-
|'''126'''
|[[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 017.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1919–2012)}}
|21 April 1997
|19 March 1998{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''(124)'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|75px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''Atal Bihari Vajpayee'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(1924–2018)}}
|19 March 1998{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|{{nowrap|13 October 1999{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}}
|-
|13 October 1999
|22 May 2002
|-
|127
|
|'''[[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]'''
&lt;small&gt;(1927–)&lt;/small&gt;
|22 May 2002
|22 May 2002
|-
|'''(124)'''
|[[File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg|85x85px]]
|'''Atal Bihari Vajpayee'''
{{small|(1924–2018)}}
|22 May 2002
|22 May 2004
|-
|128
|[[File:Sonia Gandhi 2014 (cropped).jpg|75px|alt=An image of Sonia Gandhi.]]
|[[Sonia Gandhi]](1946 –)
|22 May 2004
|22 May 2004
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Indian National Congress]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]'')}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''129'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg|112x112px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(born 1932)}}
|22 May 2004
|22 May 2009
|-
|22 May 2009
|26 May 2014
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |130
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Potrait.png|75px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(born 1950)}}
|26 May 2014
|30 May 2019
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}}
|-
|30 May 2019
|31 December 2026
|-
|131
|
|[[Yogi Adityanath]]
|31 December 2026
|30 May 2027
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}
===List of prime ministers of India===
*[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]]
Indian Armed Forces
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Portrait
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Name&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(birth and death)}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Term of office
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Party
|-
!Took office
!Left office
|-
|132
|
|[[Javed Khan]] 
|30 May 2027
|''Incumbent''
|[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]]
|}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://pmindia.nic.in/ pmindia.nic.in: Situs wèb resmi Perdhana Mentri India]

{{Mahamantri India}}</text>
      <sha1>axsx17ed7hat12iq4to3wbspuq5tsps</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="18168" sha1="1ejexe9ncmtha1313k251iy7vr6cuul" xml:space="preserve">{{rapèkaké}}
[[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]]
{{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}}
{{Kotak info perusahaan
| company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang
| company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]]
| company_type = 
| foundation = [[12 November]]  [[2010]]
| location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]]
| key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif 
| industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]]
| products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak
| revenue = 
| operating_income = 
| net_income = 
| num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik)
| parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]]
| subsid = 
{{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki
{{br}}PT Puspetindo
| homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/
| footnotes = 
}}
'''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pihc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]].

== Sajarah ==

==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ====
Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement &amp; construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan.

awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha:

* PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik.
* PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané.
* PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané.
* PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané.
* PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement &amp; Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas &amp; lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel).
* PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum.

=== Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang ===
Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]&lt;/ref&gt;. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar&lt;ref name=&quot;sajarah pusri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;sajarah pusri&quot; /&gt;. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011&lt;ref name=&quot;sajarah pusri&quot; /&gt;. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri&lt;ref name=&quot;sajarah pusri&quot; /&gt;. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia&lt;ref name=&quot;ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia&quot;&gt;[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&amp;idd=166&amp;PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Anak Perusahaan ==
# PT Sri Melamin Rejeki&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pusri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (20%)&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pusri 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin.
# [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pusri&quot; /&gt; (5.3%)&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pusri 2&quot; /&gt;, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik.
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apartemen.

== Wewengkon Pemasaran ==
Surat Dudutan (SK) Menperindag No 70/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tanggal 11 Fèbruari 2003 wis mengatur manèh pola Pengadaan lan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk.
Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane.
[[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]]

== Prastawa wigati ==
# Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea.
# nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun.
# Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun).
# Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun.
# Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun.
# Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas).
# Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System”
# Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri.

== Struktur Kepemilikan Saham ==
* PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pusri&quot; /&gt;
* Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)&lt;ref name=&quot;anak perusahaan pusri&quot; /&gt;

[[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]]

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang]

[[Kategori:Kota Palembang]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Pupuk]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Owen Arthur</title>
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      <text bytes="5338" sha1="1wref1eeqxoaduksuzj7v8bj9ts97fg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Prime Minister
| honorific-prefix = &lt;small&gt;[[The Right Honourable]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| name             = Owen Seymour Arthur [[Anggota Parleamen Barbados|MP]]
| image            = Barbados.OwenArthur.01.jpg
| order            = [[Nayakotama Barbados]] kaping 5
| monarch          = [[Elizabeth II dari Inggris|Elizabeth II]]
| governor_general = [[Clifford Husbands]]
| deputy           = [[Mia Mottley]]
| term_start       = [[6]] [[September]] [[1994]]
| term_end         = [[16]] [[Januari]] [[2008]]
| predecessor      = [[Erskine Sandiford]]
| successor        = [[David Thompson (Pulitikus Barbados)|David Thompson]]
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1949|10|17|df=y}}
| birth_place      = 
| death_date       = 
| death_place      = 
| spouse           = [[Julie Arthur]]
| profession       = [[Ekonom]]
| constituency     = [[Saint Peter Parish, Barbados|Saint Peter]]
| residence        = [[Ilaro Court]] 1994-2008
| party            = [[Parté Buruh Barbados|BLP]]
| signature        = 
}}

'''Owen Seymour Arthur''' ({{lahirmati||17|10|1949}}) inggih punika [[Nayakotama Barbados|Nayakotama]] [[Barbados]] wiwit taun [[1994]] dumugi taun [[2008]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://caribbean.halloffame.tripod.com/Owen__Arthur.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-26 |archive-date=2012-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507220926/http://caribbean.halloffame.tripod.com/Owen__Arthur.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Piyambakipun mengku kalungguhan wiwit tanggal [[7]] [[September]] [[1994]], minangka [[Nayakotama Barbados|Nayakotama]] [[Barbados]] ingkang angka 5. Arthur, ingkang miyos wonten ing [[Barbados]], nalika yuswanipun ngancik angka 44 dados salah satunggaling [[pulitik ing Barbados|pulitikus Barbados]] paling timur ingkang dipunangkat mengku kalungguhan.&lt;ref&gt;http://toolserver.org/~kolossos/templatetiger/tt-table4.php?template=Infobox%20Prime%20Minister&amp;lang=idwiki&amp;order=death_place&amp;where=&amp;is=&lt;/ref&gt;

Kanthi sukses piyambakipun mimpin [[Parté Buruh Barbados]] (BLP) saperlu menangaken [[Pemilu]] ingkang dipunadani wonten ing tanggal [[6]] [[September]] [[1994]], nalika menangaken 19 saking 28 kursi wonten ing ''House of Assembly''. Piyambakipun wangsul malih mbekta BLP dhumateng kamenangan ageng wonten ing tanggal [[20]] [[Januari]] [[1999]], menangaken 26 saking 28 kursi.

Karier pulitik Nayakotama punika kawiwitan nalika piyambakipun dipunangkat minangka anggota Senat Barbados rikala taun [[1983]]. Piyambakipun dados anggota [[parlemen]] taun [[1984]] lan dipunangkat minangka Pemimpin Oposisi nalika taun [[1993]]. Piyambakipun tetep dados Ketua Parté Buruh Barbados.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.guardian.co.tt/ticker/barbados-election-former-pm-owen-arthur-confident-win-polls-today{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nayakotama punika lenggah wonten ing All Saints' Boys' School, Coleridge and Parry School on a Government Scholarship, Harrison College lan Universitas Hindia Barat, Cave Hill and Mona Campuses, pungkasanipun wonten ing pascasarjana U.W.I.

Panyepeng gelar Bachelor of Arts (BA) (pakurmatan golongan atas angka 2) wonten ing babagan ékonomi lan sajarah, lan Master of Science wonten ing babagan ékonomi, Arthur miwiti karier kerjanipun wonten ing wewengkon [[Jamaika]], minangka Asisten Riset wonten ing Departemen Manajemen Kampus Mona, U.W.I.

Nalika taun [[1974]] piyambakipun pikantuk kadudukan minangka Wakil Perencana Ékonomi wonten ing Agen Perencanaan Nasional ing tlatah [[Jamaika]]. Wonten ing wekdal 5 taun piyambakipun dumugi kadudukan atas Ketua Perencana Ékonomi. Pangangkatan candhakipun Arthur inggih punika Direktur Ékonomi, wiwit saking taun [[1979]] tumuju taun [[1981]], wonten ing Institut Bauksit Jamaika.

Minangka Direktur, tanggel jawabipun kalebet pangaturan Divisi Urusan Ékonomi lan Keuangan ingang ngawasi produksi [[bauksit]] wonten ing [[Jamaika]], pambayaran dipuntarik lan dipunkengingaken dhumanteng parusahan lan sadaya aspèk sanès saking palaksanan lan urusan ékonomi indhustri bauksit Jamaika.

Piyambakipun makili Jamaika wonten ing Grup Ekspor Antar-Papréntahan UNCTAD ing Transfer Teknologi nalika taun [[1975]] lan [[1976]], minangka anggota Gugus Tugas OAS wonten ing Transfer Teknologi ing [[Karibia]] lan anggota Proyek Studi Kabijakan Teknologi Karibia antawising taun [[1977]] lan [[1978]]. Kajawi punika, Arthur ugi njabat minangka anggota Dewan Direktur saking Dewan Riset Ilmiah Jamaika.

Nalika taun [[1981]], Arthur kondur malih dhateng [[Barbados]] lan pikantuk kalungguhan dados Ketua Analis Proyek ing Kementrian Keuangan lan Perencanaan, ing pundi piyambakipun mbiyantu kanthi penyediaan lan tinjauan studi pra-kamungkinan kadadosan lan kamungkinan kadadosan wonten ing hubunganipun kaliyan program investasi umum Barbados.

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.primeminister.gov.bb/pm.html Biografi resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109064004/http://www.primeminister.gov.bb/pm.html |date=2006-01-09 }}

{{kotak wiwit}}
{{kotak suksesi|kalungguhan=[[Nayakotama Barbados]]|pendahulu=[[Erskine Sandiford]]|taun=1994-2008|pengganti=[[David Thompson (pulitikus Barbados)|David Thompson]]}}
{{kotak selesai}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arthur, Owen}}
[[Kategori:Nayakotama]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Barbados]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>1wref1eeqxoaduksuzj7v8bj9ts97fg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Persik Kediri</title>
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      <text bytes="6984" sha1="2adkydonavam96kjwxusj1xlaj5deyx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bal-balan Ligina
|  clubname        = Persik Kediri
|  image           = [[Gambar:Logo Persik Kediri.png|200px|Logo Persik]]
|  fullname        = Persatuan Sepak Bola Indonésia {{br}}Kediri
|  nickname        = ''Macan Putih''
|  suporter        = Persikmania
|  founded         = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1950|5|9}}
|  ground          = [[Stadion Brawijaya]],{{br}}[[Kutha Kadhiri]], [[Jawa Wétan]], [[Indonésia]]
|  capacity        = 15.000
| owner     = PT. Astar Asia Global (AAG)
|  chrtitle = Présidhèn
|  chairman = {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Gading Marten]]
|  manager         = {{flagicon|IDN}} Moch. Syahid Nur Ichsan
|  coach         = {{flagicon|MAS}} Ong Kim Swee
|  league          = [[Liga 1|Liga 1 Indonésia]]
|  season          = 2023/24
|  position        = 9
| pattern_b1 = _persik2324h
| pattern_la1 = _persik2324h
| pattern_ra1 = _persik2324h
| pattern_sh1 = _kelme white
| pattern_so1 = _kelme white
| pattern_b2 = _persik2324a
| pattern_la2 = _persik2324a
| pattern_ra2 = _persik2324a
| pattern_sh2 = _persik2324a
| pattern_so2 = 
| leftarm1 =  4B1297
| leftarm2 =  E0E0E0
| body1 = 4B1297
| body2 = E0E0E0
| rightarm1 = 4B1297
| rightarm2 = E0E0E0
| shorts1 = 4B1297
| shorts2 = E0E0E0
| socks1 = 4B1297
| socks2 = E0E0E0
| pattern_la3 = _belgium1415t
| pattern_b3 = _vneckorange
| pattern_ra3 = _belgium1415t
| pattern_sh3 = 
| pattern_so3 = 
| leftarm3 = F4F400
| body3 = F4F400
| rightarm3 = F4F400
| shorts3 = F4F400
| socks3 = F4F400
| website  = https://persikfc.id
}}

'''Persatuan bal-balan Indonésia Kediri''' (disingkat '''Persik Kediri''') yaiku klub [[bal-balan]] [[Indonésia]] kang mapan ing [[Kutha Kadhiri]], [[Jawa Wétan]]. Tim iki duwé kandhang ing Stadion Brawijaya lan dijuluki ''Macan Putih''. Persik Kediri wiwit main ing Divisi Utama Liga Indonésia taun 2003. Klub iki diadegaké taun 1950. Ora dingerteni tanggal lan bulan adegé klub iki, nanging para fanse ngrayakaken ulang taun Persik Kediri saben tanggal 9 Mèi.

== Mantan pemain misuwur ==
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
'''AFC'''
* {{Flag icon|Indonésia}} [[Budi Sudarsono]]
* {{Flag icon|Indonésia}} [[Saktiawan Sinaga]]
* {{Flag icon|Indonésia}} [[Markus Haris Maulana]]
* {{Flag icon|Indonésia}} [[Yongki Ariwibowo]]
* {{Flag icon|Indonésia}} [[Hamka Hamzah]]
* {{Flag icon|Indonésia}} [[Cristian Gonzáles]]
* {{Flag icon|China}} [[Zhang Shuo]]
* {{Flag icon|South Koréa}} [[Han Ji Ho]]
* {{Flag icon|South Koréa}} [[Na Byung-Yul]]
* {{Flag icon|Turkmenistan}} [[Mekan Nasyrow]]

{{col-3}}
'''CAF'''
* {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Ebi Sukore]]
* {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Bamidele Frank Bob Manuel]]
* {{Flag icon|Liberia}} [[Fallah Johnson]]
* {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Ekene Ikenwa]]
* {{Flag icon|Senegal}} [[Cheikh Ba]]
* {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Onorionde Kughegbe|OK John]]

{{col-3}}
'''CONMEBOL'''
* {{Flag icon|Argentina}} [[Adrian Trinidad]]
* {{Flag icon|Argentina}} [[Juan Manuel Cavallo]]
* {{Flag icon|Brazil}} [[Amarildo Souza (Brazilian fotballer)|Amarildo Souza]]
* {{Flag icon|Brazil}} [[Danilo Fernando]]
* {{Flag icon|Brazil}} [[Jadesir Dos Santos|Deca]]
* {{Flag icon|Chile}} [[Patricio Morales|Pato Morales]]
* {{Flag icon|Uruguay}} [[Ronald Fagundez]]
{{col-end}}

== Pratélan Top Skorer ==
{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;
|-style=&quot;background:#efefef; text-align: center&quot;
!Tahun
!Pemain
!Peran
!Gol
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| 2005–2008
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Cristian Gonzáles]]
| 106
| 100
|-
| 2003–2004
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Bamidelle Frank Bob Manuel]]
| 
| 34
|-
| 2003–2008
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Musikan]]
| 
| 31
|-
| 2008–2010
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Saktiawan Sinaga]]
| 26
| 23
|-
| 2005-2009
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Budi Sudarsono]]
| 69
| 20
|-
| 2007-2009
| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Ronald Fagundez]]
| 112
| 12
|-
| 2009–2010
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Yongki Aribowo]]
| 29
| 9
|-
| 2006-2008
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Danilo Fernando]]
| 
| 7
|-
| 2004-2005
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ekene Ikenwa]]
| 17
| 7
|-
| 2009–2010
| {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Shuo]]
| 10
| 3
|-
| 2008-2011
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Legimin Raharjo]]
| 29
| 1
|-
| 2009-2011
| {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Mekan Nasyrov]]
| 33
| 1
|-
| 2012-
| {{flagicon|Liberia}} [[Oliver Makor]]
| 14
| 3
|-
|
| {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Wawan Widiantoro]]
| 55
| 3
|-
|}

== Prestasi ing Liga Indonésia ==
* [[1999/2000]] ''[[Divisi Dua Liga Indonésia|Divisi Dua]]'', '''Juara''' (promosi ke Divisi Satu Liga Indonésia)
* [[Divisi Satu Liga Indonésia 2002|2002]]-'''Juara''' Divisi Satu (promosi ke Divisi Utama Liga Indonésia)
* [[Divisi Utama Liga Indonésia 2003|2003]]-'''Juara''' Divisi Utama
* [[Divisi Utama Liga Indonésia 2006|2006]]-'''Juara''' Divisi Utama
* [[Divisi Utama Liga Indonésia 2013|2013]]-Peringkat katiga Divisi Utama (promosi ke Liga Super Indonésia)

== '''[[AFC Champions League]]''': 2 appearances ==
** [[AFC Champions League 2004|2004]]: Group stage
** [[AFC Champions League 2007|2007]]: Group stage

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Season
! Competition
! Round
!
! Club
! Home
! Away
|-
|[[AFC Champions League 2004|2004]]
|[[AFC Champions League]]
|Group
|{{flagicon|KOR}}
|[[Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma]]
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot;|1-2
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot; |15-0
|-
|
|
|Group
|{{flagicon|JPN}}
|[[Yokohama F. Marinos]]
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot;|1-4
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot;|4-0
|-
|
|
|Group
|{{flagicon|VIE}}
|[[Bình Ðịnh F.C.]]
| style=&quot;background:#dfd;&quot;|1-0
||2-2
|-
|[[AFC Champions League 2007|2007]]
|[[AFC Champions League]]
|Group
|{{flagicon|JPN}}
|[[Urawa Red Diamonds]]
||3-3
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot;|3-0
|-
|
|
|Group
|{{flagicon|CHN}}
|[[Shanghai Shenhua F.C.]]
| style=&quot;background:#dfd;&quot;|1-0
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot;|6-0
|-
|
|
|Group
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Sydney FC]]
| style=&quot;background:#dfd;&quot;|2-1
| style=&quot;background:#fdd;&quot;|3-0
|}

== Prestasi liya ==
* Juara Piala Gubenur Jawa Timur 2002
* Juara Piala Gubenur Jawa Timur 2005
* Juara Piala Gubenur Jawa Timur 2006
* Juara Piala Gubenur Jawa Timur 2008

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://persikkedirifc.com/ PersikKediriFC.com Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221222939/http://persikkedirifc.com/ |date=2014-02-21 }}
* [http://viva-persik.blogspot.com/ '''Blog Persik Kediri''']
* [http://www.antvsports.com/HTML/club/persik.htm/ ANTVSPORT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410054514/http://www.antvsports.com/HTML/club/persik.htm |date=2008-04-10 }}
* [http://www.kompas.com/ver1/Ulah raga/0607/30/235851.htm Persik Kediri Juara Liga Indonésia XII @ kompas.com]
* [http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/06/02/00454652/persik.kediri.merebut.gelar.keempat Kompas.co.id]

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

{{Persik Kediri}}
{{Tim LSI}}
{{Sepak bola di Indonésia}}
{{Tim bal-balan di Jawa Timur}}

[[Kategori:Tim bal-balan Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Kota Kediri]]


{{Klub-Indo-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makaw</title>
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      <text bytes="3783" sha1="o8021n0zqhtu5t8j262ca8pscnamzbp" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Makaw
| image = Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg
| image_width = 120px
| image_caption = Makaw biru-kuning
|status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Manuk|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]
| familia = [[Bayan wantah|Psittacidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Arinae]]
| tribus = [[Arini (tribe)|Arini]]
| subdivision_ranks = Génus
| subdivision =
''[[Ara (génus)|Ara]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Anodorhynchus]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Makaw spiks|Cyanopsitta]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Primolius]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Makaw weteng abang|Orthopsittaca]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Makaw bau abang|Diopsittaca]]''
}}
'''Makaw '''ya iku manuk bayan Jagat Anyar kang buntuté dawa lan lumrahé elaré warna-warni.&lt;ref&gt;{{OED|macaw}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Biologi ==
Saka manéka warna génus ing famili Psittacidae (bayan wantah), ana enem kang ingaran makaw: ''Ara'', ''Anodorhynchus'', ''Cyanopsitta'', ''Primolius'', ''Orthopsittaca'', lan ''Diopsittaca''. Sadurungé, anggotané génus ''Primolius'' didèkèk ing génus ''Propyrrhura'', nanging kang mangkono ora trep miturut paugeran ICZN.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop177.html South American Classification Committee] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224143750/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCprop177.html|date=2007-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makaw mono kéwan asli [[Amérika Tengah|Amérikah Tengah]] lan [[Amérika Lèr|Amérikah Lor]] (mligi [[Mèksiko]]), [[Amérika Kidul|Amérikah Kidul]], lan biyèné uga ana ing Karibiah. Pérangan gedhéné spésies makaw urip ing rimba, mligi ing rimba tropis, nanging uga ana kang urip ing alas utawa habitat kang mèmper sabanah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abramson2&quot;&gt;Abramson, J., Speer, B. L., &amp; Thomsen, J.B. 1999, &quot;The Large Macaws, Their Care and Breeding&quot;, Raintree Publications:CA&lt;/ref&gt;

Kanggo mbédakaké saka bayan liyané, makaw katitik saka cucuké kang gedhé, buntuté kang dawa, endhasé kang buthak, elaré kang padhang wernané, lan rainé kang ana lorèké. Kadhang-kala lorèking rai luwih sithik mungguhing sawenèh spésies. Mungguhing anggota génus ''Anodorhynchus'', lorèké mung sawerna kuning kang ngubengi mata lan dhasarané cucuk pérangan ngisor. Polaning elar ing rainé makaw iku unik kaya déné tengeran driji (''fingerprint'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Macaw facial fingerprint&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://webparrots.com/blue_and_gold_macaw.html|title=Facial fingerprint|website=webparrots.com|access-date=2017-07-20|archive-date=2019-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820092445/http://webparrots.com/blue_and_gold_macaw.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Makaw-makaw kang kapétung gedhé dhéwé iku makaw hiyasin, makaw ijo agung (uga ingaran makaw bufon), lan makaw suwiwi ijo. Sanadyan kapétung gedhé ukurané, makaw-makaw saka génus ''Cyanopsitta'', ''Orthopsittaca'', lan ''Primolius'' luwih cilik ukurané tinimbang warga génus ''Anodorhynchus'' lan ''Ara.'' Sing cilik dhéwé ukurané ing famili Psittacidae iku makaw apundhak abang kang gedhéné ora munjuli ukurané parkit ing génus ''Aratinga''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abramson2&quot;/&gt;

Makaw, kaya déné manuk bayan lumrahé, tukan, lan throthokan (''woodpecker'') kalebu kéwan zigodhaktil, ya iku driji sikilé kang urut siji lan papat padha madhep mburi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abramson2&quot; /&gt;

== Gladri ==
&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=130px style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Gambar:Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg|Makaw biru-kencana (''Ara ararauna'')
Gambar:Military Macaw jbp.jpg|Makaw militèr (''Ara militaris'')
Gambar:Scarlet Macaw.jpg|Makaw abang tuwa (''Ara macao'')
Gambar:Golden-collared Macaw 041.jpg|Makaw krah kencana (''Primolius auricollis'')
Gambar:HyacinthMacaw.jpg|Makaw hiyasin
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|1}}
[[Kategori:Manuk]]
[[Kategori:Manuk Amérika Kidul]]
[[Kategori:Psittaciformes]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pandhékar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="10191" sha1="9ompgfb2e7bo4i1az2y1v2xv8dpqvba" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pendekar Paul De Thouars by Martin Beijer.jpg|thumb|Pendekar Paul De Thouars by Martin Beijer.]]
[[File:Berlatih pencak silat.jpg|thumb|Latihan Pencak Silat.]]
'''Pandhékar''' ya iku uwong kang remen nyinau babagan silat (dolanan pedhang lan sapanunggalané).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/pendekar|title=Hasil Pencarian - KBBI Daring|website=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2023-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514101514/https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/pendekar|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gelar Pendèkar iki ora bisa dikaké marang sembarang wong lan ora bisa dituku. Ora kabéh kang wis jejuluk master duwéni jejuluk pakurmatan (kaya ta jejuluk kesatria).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/173136987|title=Silat tua : the Malay dance of life|last=Zainal Abidin Shaikh Awab.|date=2006|publisher=Azlan Ghanie (M)|isbn=978-983-42328-0-1|edition=Living tradition|location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia|oclc=173136987}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jejuluk iki ana marga biayasané mbela wong kang ora duwé daya ing masyarakat,utawa lagi ditindhas. Nanging, ing jaman modhérn, utamané saliyané ana ing Asia Tenggara iku bisa uga disebut grandmaster.

== Simbol ==
Menawa éntuk jejuluk pendhékar kang sejati kudu bisa nguwasani aspék-aspék saka béla dhiri iki. Aspék iki kaya ta téknik, pranti kanggo gelud raga lan jiwa, uga ngerti carané pengobatan kanthi cara tradhisional. Mula, jejuluk pendhékar ora mung instruktur utawa pakar ing ulahraga. Pandhékar iku manèka werna babagan. Bisa wujudé pejuwang, dhokter ing tardhisional lan kudu wicaksana. Akéh fokus ing  kéné iki, ateges ora kabéh kudu dikuwasani. Bisa fokus ana ing olahraga kaya ta téknik gelud. Bisa uga fokus ana ing cara agama (rèligius). Ana jejuluk &quot;silat kang sejati&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; iku ku bisa digunakaké ana ing kabéh situasi nalika ing paprangan utawa kondhisi bebaya. Kanggo ningkataké prigel lan kemampuan saka para pendhékar supaya imbang, prelu méditasi utawa biyasa diarani tapa. Keseimbangan iki biyasané di arani Yin lan Yang. Iki diijupuk saka wejangan wong Cina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Miturut filsafat Cina, Yin lan Yang iku konsép saka dualisme kang nggambaraké 'peteng-padhang' utawa 'négatif-positif'. Konsép iki, antara siji lan sijiné uga padha gayut lan njangkepi. Ing kosmologi Cina, kabéh material ing donya iki dadi siklus Yin lan Yang. Kaya ta karakter lanang karo wanita, seksualitas, lan  siklus mangsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/916409066|title=Religions in the modern world : traditions and transformations|last=Woodhead, Linda,|last2=Partridge, Christopher H. (Christopher Hugh), 1961-|last3=Kawanami, Hiroko,|isbn=978-0-415-85880-9|edition=3|location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=916409066}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing jaman biyén dicritakaké ing crita Melayu, kaya mangkéne iki kalebu ngelmu kang esotèrik. Ngelmu iki bisa dikuwasani prelu tirakat tartamtu. Kaya ta pasa kang suwé lan kudu tapa ing guwa, alas, kuburan  lan ora wedi mati.  Duwé mental kang kaya mangkéné iki wis mateng kanggo ngadhepi bebaya nalika perang.  Ana wejangan uniné &quot;saka pucuk rambut nganti pucuking sikil bisa dadi gaman&quot;.

Bisa uga, Pandhékar bisa nglawan mungsuh migunakaké pikiran tanpa ngeyuk awaké lawané. Ora galebo, wong kang kena iki bakal langsung lara. Ing jaman biyen, dicritakaké yén pandhékar iki mesthi bisa lumayu banter, ngilang ana ing keluk, bisa dadi wong liya, lumayu ing dhuwur banyu, munggah ing mlumpat saka payon ing payon. Mula, pandhékar iku biyasa saka ngobati awaké dhéwé kanthi cara tradhisional. Cara salah sijiné ya iku, pandhékar biyasané bisa pijet. Pijet kang dilakokaké saka niténi syaraf-syarat negndi bae  ana ing awak. Ngelmu iki bisa uga diterapaké saka pendharahan utawa mili getih kang ora mandheg-mandheng amarga bisa nglancaraké miliné getih. Ana uga, pandhékar kang ngretèni ngelmu obat-obatan kanthi tradhisional.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Sajarah ==
Yén didelok saka gayutané karo ngelmu béla dhiri ing Indonésia. Saka isu-isu idhéntitas Silat iku sawijiné saka idhéntitas budaya. Ing jaman biyén, simbah  buyut saka wong-wong  Indonésia wis duwé cara-cara kanggo mbéla awaké dhéwé ing donya kanggo urip.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, dan Kesehatan|last=Wijanarko|first=Bambang|publisher=Ganeca|year=2007|isbn=9797447251|location=Jakarta|pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ing jaman semana ana béla dhiri kanggo ngindhari serangan saka kéwan-kéwan utawa saka pakumpulan manungsa-manungsa liya. Silat iku wis nebar ana ing nuswantara kawit abad ka-7 M. Nanging, mula bukané silat iki durung dingreténi kanti pasthi. Wiwit jaman kraton, Sriwijaya nganti Majapahit pancén akéh disebutaké pandhékar-pandhékar kang moncér lan nguwasani ngelmu kang bisa diandhelaké.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mardotillah, dan Mochammad Zein|first=MIla|date=2016-12-01|title=Silat: identitas Budaya, Pendidikan, Seni Bela Diri, dan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan|url=|journal=Jurnal Antropologi: isu-isu Sosial Budaya|volume=18|pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Miturut ing panilitiyan ing Donald  F. Draeger mbuktikaké menawa seni bela dhiri iku bisa didelok saka artéfak, gaman ing mangsan HIndhu lan Budha. Uga bisa didelok ing relièf kang nggambaraké kudha-kudha silat ing candhi Prambanan lan Barabudur.

Jaman semana uga, bebrayan Indonésia wis migunakaké gaman lan 'seni bela diri' wis gathuk ora bakal bisa dipegat. Merga kaya mangkana pancen raket gayutané karo urusan agama lan kabudayan Indonésia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36143801|title=Weapons and fighting arts of Indonesia|last=Draeger, Donn F.|first=|date=1995-01-01|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Co|year=|isbn=0-8048-1716-2|location=Rutland, Vt.|pages=|oclc=36143801}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Budaya dagang ing jaman semana uga dadi sawijiné faktor kang mbentuk béla dhiri kang ana ing nuswantara. Akéh wong dodolan sakan nagara liya kaya ta saka Cina, India lan Eropa. Mula, silat mau iku ngrembaka lan akulturasi karo  budaya ing jaman semana.

== Budaya Populér ==
[[File:Prabu Siliwangi Portrait.jpg|thumb|Potret Prabu Siliwangi.]] [[File:Jaka Tingkir.jpg|thumb|Panembahan Senapati|al=|166x166px]] [[File:Serat Damar Wulan (page 253 crop).jpg|thumb|Damar wulan ing Serat Damar Wulan.]] [[File:Gatotkaca (wayang).JPG|thumb|Gathutkaca (wayang).]]
Biyasané conto-conto pandhékar kang biyasané ana ing hikayat-hikayat lan moncér nganti jaman seprene:

=== Wiro Sableng ===
Wiro Sableng, utawa biyasan diarani Pandhékar 212. ya iku lakon fiksi ing serial novel karyané Bastian Tito. Wiro Sableng duwé guru kang manéhi akéh ngelmu. Lakon Wiro Sableng iki kalebu lakon legendharis kang duwéni kesaktian. Lakon iki uga ana bentuk carita lan wis ana ing TV.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1261911/15/10-tokoh-pendekar-khas-indonesia-yang-wajib-kamu-ketahui-1512029387|title=10 Tokoh Pendekar Khas Indonesia yang Wajib Kamu Ketahui|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Prabu Siliwangi ===
Lakon iki ya iku lakon saka kraton Sundha lan Padjajaran. Lelakon Prabu Siliwangi kuwi dijupuk saka carita legendha Prasasti Batutulis. olon Siliwangi iku moncér dadi panguwasa kang wicaksana lan remen nolong liyan.  Piyambaké uga dikenal duwéni ngelmu kadigdayan kang kuwat, mula moncér sak nuswantara. Kacarita Prabu Siliwangi iku bisa dadi macan putih.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Jaka Tingkir ===

Pandhékar kang kawit cilik wis duwéni kasaktiyan lan dadi pangréhpraja ing kraton Pajang, Jawa Tengah. Mula bukané kraton iki amarga ana perang Jaka Tingkir karo Arya Penangsang. Ing prang iki, Jaka Tingkir menang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Angling Dharma ===
Prabu Angling Dharma ya iku sawijiné pandhékar kang sakit mandraguna lan bisa ngomong karo manéka werna kéwan. Uga duwéni kana kang béda ya iku naga. Naga iki pancén setya lan mbiyantu nalika dhèwéke lagi susah. Pancén kawit lair wis bagus tur duwéni wibawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Arya Kamandanu ===
Arya kamandu iku sawijiné lakon kang   ana ing carita 'Tutur Tinular'. Lakon iki moncér kanthi ngelmu kanuragan kang prigel. Carita iki lataré nalika jaman Majapahit. Duwéni jiwa kasatriyan lan bisa numpas mungsuh-mungsuhé. Arya Kamandanu iku duwé gaman arané Pedang Naga Puspa. Gaman iki saka diwénéhi wong kang lagi dagang saka Cina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Si Buta dari Gua Hantu ===
Lakon iki  moncér saka  klambiné kang wernané ijo lan kancanan karo kethék. Kethéké senengé manggon ana ing pundhak pandhékar iki. Sanajan duwéni kakurangan, Pandhékar kang wuta iki duwé ngelmu kang sakti. Lakon iki diciptaké déning pangripta komik Indonésia Ganes ing taun 1960. Lakon iki tau digawé film taun 1970 kanthi irah-irahan &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Si Buta dari Gua Hantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Damar Wulan ===

Lakon iiki yaiku legendha saka carita ing bebrayan Jawa. Lelakon kang moncér ana ing bebrayan uga ana akék vérsi critané lan kang pemerané.  Damar Wulan digambarake dadi wong enom kang bagus lan sekti mandraguna. sawijé carita kang moncér iku nalika dhèwéké adu lawan karo Minakjingga kanggo ngrebut Sri Ratu Kencanawungu. Adu tandhing iki Damar Wulan menang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Gatotkaca ===

Gatotkaca iku lakon ing Mahabharata kang dadi putra saka Bimasena (Bima). Gatotkaca duwéni kesaktiyan kang kuwat banget. Dicritakaké yén Gatotkaca iki bisa mabur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Jaka Sembung ===
Jaka Sembung iku lakon kand digawé saka komik utawa lakon ing buku. Lakon iki duwéni pangripta kang arané Djair Warni ing taun 1960-an. Jaka Sembung moncér dadi jawara Kandhanghaur. Ing kéné Jaka Sembung dadi lawan saka pangréhpraja Walanda. Ing taun 1981 lakon iki didadékaké film aknthi aktor Barry Prima.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Brama Kumbara ===
Lakon Brama Kumbara iku sawijiné lakon kang dadi sandhiwara, bisa uga diarani kethoprak ana ing radhio Saur Sepuh kang moncér ing jamané. Dhèwéké dadi waris saka kraton Madangkara. Kethoprak iki dijupuk panggonané ana ing zaman Kraton Majapahit, nalika Raja Hayam Wuruk. Brama Kumbara uga diangkat dadi film.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Rujukan ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pertamina Tower</title>
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      <text bytes="10186" sha1="odgdf4wteegb2slj7i1rsrn253bv8m8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
|name               = Pertamina Energy Tower
|image              = [[File:Pertamina Energy Tower.jpg]]
|former_names       = 
|status             = on hold
|highest_prev       = 
|highest_next       = 
|highest_start      = 
|highest_end        = 
|location           = Kav. Rasuna Off Park (ROP) Unit XO-02, JL. HR. Rasuna Said -, South [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|-6.2155350|106.8296520|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|building_type      = Office, observation, energy
|floor_count        = 99
|start_date         = -
|completion_date    = -
|architectural      = {{convert| 523 |m|ft}}&lt;ref name=&quot;CTBUHdb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/pertamina-tower/15134 |title=Pertamina Tower |work=The Skyscraper Center |publisher=[[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]|accessdate=28 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|top_floor          = {{convert| 515 |m|ft}}
|tip                = {{convert| 523 |m|ft}}&lt;ref name=&quot;CTBUHdb&quot; /&gt;
|floor_area         = {{convert|495000|m2|sqft|-2|abbr=on}}
|elevator_count     = 
|architect          = [[Skidmore, Owings &amp; Merrill]] LLP (SOM)&lt;ref name=&quot;CTBUHdb&quot; /&gt;
|structural_engineer = [[Skidmore, Owings &amp; Merrill]] LLP (SOM)&lt;ref name=&quot;CTBUHdb&quot; /&gt;
}}

'''Pertamina Tower''' ([[Basa Indonésia]]: ''Menara Pertamina''; [[Aksara Carakan|Hanacaraka]]: ꦩꦼꦤꦫꦦꦼꦂꦠꦩꦶꦤ) utawa ''Pertamina Energy Tower'' ya iku wangunan gedhong 99 lampit kang dhuwuré 530 mèter (1740 ft) saéngga bakal dadi gedhong paling dhuwur ing Indonésia lan paling dhuwur nomer 3 sadonya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Gedhong iki dirancanakaké bakal dibangun ing ''Jakarta’s Rasuna Epicentrum'' kang prenahé ana ing Kawasan Bisnis Kuningan, Jakarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pertamina.com/|title=PT Pertamina (Persero)|last=Pertamina (Persero)|first=P. T.|website=www.pertamina.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-19|archive-date=2023-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190340/https://www2.pertamina.com/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pambangunan gedhong bakal nggandhèng [[Turner International]] kang sadurungé uga nggarap proyèk [[Burj Khalifa]], [[Skidmore]], [[Owings Merrill]], lan [[Rider Levett Bucknall]]. Sarta saka Indonésia dhéwé bakal nggandhèng PT Airmas Asri, PT Wiratman &amp; Associates, KSO PT Pembangunan Perumahan, lan PT Hutama Karya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/770538/ini-penampakan-pencakar-langit-tertinggi-pertamina-energy-tower|title=Ini Penampakan Pencakar Langit Tertinggi Pertamina Energy Tower|last=Liputan6.com|date=2013-12-10|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2019-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-3007334/tarif-sewa-kemahalan-pertamina-tower-batal-dibangun-99-lantai|title=Tarif Sewa Kemahalan, Pertamina Tower Batal Dibangun 99 Lantai|last=Idris|first=Muhammad|website=detikfinance|access-date=2019-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/pertamina-tower/15134|title=Pertamina Tower - The Skyscraper Center|website=www.skyscrapercenter.com|access-date=2019-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Déné ing tanggal [[9 Dhésèmber]] [[2013]]  wus digelar adicara panyèlèhan watu minangka pratandha diwiwitiné pambangunan Pertamina Energy Tower. Pambangunan gedhong Pertamina Tower iki ditargètaké bakalé rampung ing taun [[2025]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/2307248/apa-kabar-gedung-pencakar-langit-pertamina|title=Apa Kabar Gedung Pencakar Langit Pertamina?|last=Liputan6.com|date=2015-09-01|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2019-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rupa Wangunan lan Énergi ==
Pérangan sisih ndhuwur menara iki dirantam saéngga wujudé mlengkung. Pérangan dhuwur iku wujud kawiyak kang bisa dadi coronging angin, saéngga migunani kanggo ngrikataké lakuné [[angin]] supaya bisa ngasilaké énergi. Jumbuh klawan laladan sakiwa tengené [[Jakarta]], rupa wangunan iki digawé mlengkung supaya nyuda panasing [[srengéngé]]. Payomaning srengéngé iki bakal ngundhakaké intènsitas pakaryan dadi luwih becik lan bisa ngéfisienké énergi amrih luwih irit. Diarani éfisien énergi jalaran bisa nyuda énergi [[cahya]] gawéan kang dianggo ing menara iki. Pungkasané pambangunan menara iki nduwèni pangajap amrih bisa ngusung konsèp ''net zero energy''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.som.com/projects/pertamina_energy_tower|title=Pertamina Energy Tower|website=SOM|language=en|access-date=2019-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Struktur ==
Sistem [[Structurae|struktur]] gedhong kang duwèni aji invéstasi US$ 1,7 milyar iki kadadèn saka inti [[beton]] balungan wulet lan rangka momen éksterior [[waja]] struktural klawan kolom périmèter komposit lan balok waja.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Sistem karoné iku digabungaké kalawan telung sèt waja struktural lan rangka sabuk kang prenahé ana ing saben 30 lampit. Sistem [[gravitasi]] kadadèn saka lèmpèngan beton ing dhèg métal kang disengkuyung kalawan balok waja komposit minangka dhiafragma kanggo nransfer beban menyang ngarepan lan kolom.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Besjak|first=Charles|last2=Biswas|first2=Preetam|last3=Petrov|first3=Georgi I.|last4=Streeter|first4=Matthew|last5=Devin|first5=Austin|date=2017|title=Effects of Perimeter to Core Connectivity on Tall Building Behavior|url=http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201712835102988.page|journal=International Journal of High-Rise Buildings|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–9|doi=10.21022/IJHRB.2017.6.1.1|issn=2234-7224}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fasilitas ==
Gedhong menara iki ditargètaké bakal dadi papan padunungan, makarya, lan dolan kanggoné udakara 23.000 pegawé [[Pertamina]] lan uga anak badan usahané. Fasilitas kang ana ing menara iki ing antarané ya iku 2000 bangku sasana séwaka  (''Performing Arts Auditorium Center'') uga ''Exhibition Pavilion'' kanggo kagiyatan pakuliyahan lan kagiyatan liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telset.id/254097/bikin-melongo-7-gedung-super-keren-ini-adanya-di-indonesia/|title=Bikin Melongo, 7 Gedung Super Keren Ini Adanya di Indonesia!|date=2019-03-20|website=Telset|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Masjid]] kang binuka kanggo umum lan papan pasamuwan kanggo para masarakat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pambangunan disumenèkaké ==
Pambangunan gedhong Pertamina Tower iki ditargètaké bakalé rampung ing taun 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ananging [[Dwi Soetjipto]] mbusak rancanané [[Karen Agustiawan]] kang nduwèni pangajap kanggo mangun menara Pertamina. Kaya mangkéné iki jalaran Pertamina bakalé luwih fokus menyang invèstasi ing séktor udhik, saéngga nyumenèkaké invèstasi kaya déné pambangunan menara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2015/06/01/090100126/Pembangunan.Pertamina.Tower.Ditunda|title=Pembangunan Pertamina Tower Ditunda|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2019-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Arief Budiman]] nyuda anggaran blanja modhal kang gedhéné USD 7 milyar ing taun 2015. Salah sawijining blanja kang diilangi ya iku menara Pertamina, jalaran invèstasi kang ora rasional lan dianggep ora pati wigati.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20160419113025-78-124956/bni-teruskan-ambisi-pertamina-bangun-menara-tinggi-di-ibukota|title=BNI Teruskan Ambisi Pertamina Bangun Menara Tinggi di Ibukota|last=Jati|first=Gentur Putro|website=ekonomi|language=en|access-date=2019-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Menara iki yèn pancèné arep dibangun minangka ikon énergi [[Indonésia]], mangka sajatiné gedhong iki kudu migunakaké énergi kang bisa dianyari kaya déné panas bumi, [[banyu]], srengéngé, lan [[gas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sawetara iku pambangunan menara kang luwih cilik (namung 30 lampit, dudu 99 lampit) bakal diwiwiti manèh déning [[BNI]], ya iku salah sawijining [[Kamentrian Badan Usaha Milik Negara Republik Indonésia|badan usaha kagungan negara]]. Menara BNI iki bakalé diyasa ing Jalan Pejompongan Raya V Nomor 24, [[Kutha Administrasi Jakarta Pusat|Jakarta Pusat]] lan diarep-arep bakalé dadi ikon anyar ing Jakarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Nuli papan kang biyèn dirancanakaké kanggo mbangun Pertamina Tower iku bakalé dinggo mbangun proyèk [[Menara E-Polis Rasuna]]. E-Polis minangka wujud anyar saka Pertamina Energy Tower (PET) manggon ing lemah kang ambané 5,9 héktar lan mapan ing laladan ''golden triangle'' Jakarta. Diwastani E-Polis Rasuna jalaran huruf ''&quot;E&quot;'' iku minangka cekakan saka tembung ''Energy'', déné tembung ''Polis'' iku dijupuk saka [[basa Yunani]] kang tegesé kutha. Proyèk E-Polis Rasuna iku diyasa minangka punjering papan [[bisnis]] kang préstisius lan uga minangka papan wisata kutha kang ramah ligkungan kanthi konsèp ''energized city.'' Ing cakupaning proyèk pangembangan fasilitas komersial bakalé dumadi saka [[hotèl]] bintang papat kanthi kamar cacah 250 lan 540 unit apartemèn ing telung menara uga papan kantor sarta fasilitas ritèl.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://properti.kompas.com/read/2019/07/20/190000421/proyek-jumbo-e-polis-jakarta-dirancang-arsitek-dunia|title=Proyek Jumbo E-Polis Jakarta Dirancang Arsitek Dunia|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2019-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://industri.kontan.co.id/news/gedung-pencakar-langit-bernama-e-polis-rasuna-segera-dibangun-kantor-pertamina|title=Gedung pencakar langit bernama E-Polis Rasuna segera dibangun, kantor Pertamina?|last=Mediatama|first=Grahanusa|date=2019-07-22|website=kontan.co.id|language=id|access-date=2019-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pangaji-aji ==
Ing taun 2014, Pertamina Tower menangaké Pangaji-aji Emas ing pagelaran MIPIM Asia Awards ya iku kategori ''Best Futura Mega Project''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.som.com/news/som_wins_top_mipim_asia_awards_for_2014|title=SOM Wins Top MIPIM Asia Awards for 2014|website=SOM|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Kategori:Menara]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Kategori:Menara ing Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Gedhong]]
[[Kategori:Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Jakarta]]
[[Kategori:Énergi]]
[[Kategori:Ékonomi]]
[[Kategori:Properti]]
[[Kategori:Wangunan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nelangsa</title>
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      <text bytes="1251" sha1="217b4w8dbu9nzovkqdb9r9azzohpf3n" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Girl with sad face.jpg|al=|jmpl|Wong wadon nandhang nelangsa]]
'''Nelangsa''' utawa '''sedhih''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/nelangsa|title=Arti kata nelangsa - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online|last=Setiawan|first=Ebta|website=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2018-03-09|archive-date=2022-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203160556/https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/nelangsa|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; minangka emosi sing ditandhani dening rasa ora seneng, kelangan, lan ora duwé daya. Nalika sedhih, wong asring dadi luwih meneng, kurang gumregah, lan ndéwé. Nelangsa uga bisa dideleng minangka nyuda rasa ing ati sawetara, sanajan depresi asring ditandhani dening kerugian swasana ati sing terus-terusan lan gedhé sing kadhangkala dibarengi gangguan ing kemampuan wong kanggo nindakaké kegiyatan saben dinané. [[Nangis|Tangisan]] minangka salah sawijining tandha prekara sedhih. &lt;ref&gt;Jellesma F.C., &amp; Vingerhoets A.J.J.M. (2012). ''Sex Roles'' (Vol. 67, Iss. 7, pp. 412-421). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sedhih minangka lawan [[Bungah|rasa seneng]] utawa [[Bungah|kabungahan]] lan padha karo kasusahan utawa kasangsaran. 

== Cathetan ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Manungsa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1513" sha1="1lrqq078a3nul355fqd1h6sj6fpddg8" xml:space="preserve">{{priksa pertalan|en|Friendship}}
'''Persahabatan''' minangka hubungan saling tresna ing antarane wong liya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford Dictionary Press|title=Definition for friend|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/friend|accessdate=25 May 2012|archive-date=11 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611004347/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/friend|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iki minangka wujud ikatan interpersonal sing luwih kuwat tinimbang asosiasi, lan wis ditliti ing bidang akademik kayata komunikasi, [[sosiologi]], psikologi sosial, [[antropologi]], lan [[filsafat]] . Maneka teori akademik persahabatan wis diusulake, kalebu teori pertukaran sosial, teori ekuitas, dialektika relasional, lan gaya lampiran . Sanajan ana macem-macem wujud paseduluran, sawetara uga beda-beda gumantung ing papan liya, karakteristik tartamtu ana ing pirang-pirang jinis ikatan kasebut. Karakteristik kaya ngono kalebu [[Kasmaran|karep]] ; [[kabecikan]], [[Tresna|katresnan]], [[kabecikan]], [[simpati]], [[empati]], [[kejujuran]], [[altruisme]], [[kasetyan]], [[loman]], [[ngapura]], saling [[Pangerten|ngerti]] lan [[welas asih]], rasa seneng karo perusahaan liyane, [[Kepercayaan (ilmu sosial)|kapercayan]], lan kemampuan dadi awake dhewe, nyebutake perasaan marang wong liya, lan nggawe kesalahan tanpa wedi diadili saka kanca. Persahabatan minangka aspek penting ing keterampilan bangunan sesambetan.

== Rujukan ==

[[Kategori:Manungsa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Trembayak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>189030</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Manggisjeruk</username>
        <id>65009</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Manggisjeruk ngalih kaca [[Pelikan]] menyang [[Trembayak]]: Kenapa sih kontributor Wikipedia bahasa Jawa ga pernah buka kamus bahasa Jawa, asal terjemah aja. Padahal bhasa aslinya pelican kan trembayak</comment>
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      <text bytes="946" sha1="bi1qb3qd37xbmmpvczmh9nb47fhl20x" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Pelikan
| fossil_range = 
| image = Pelikan Walvis Bay.jpg
| image_width = 
| image_caption = Pelikan putih
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Pelecaniformes]]
| familia = '''Pelecanidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1815
| genus = '''Pelecanus'''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
Ndeleng teks
}}

'''Pelikan''' (genus '''''Pelecanus''''') iku genus [[manuk]] banyu [[gedhé]] sing kalebu kulawarga '''Pelecanidae'''. Iki ditondoi kanthi cucuk sing dawa lan kantong tenggorokan gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nyekel mangsa lan ngilekake banyu saka isi sing dicelupake sadurunge ditelan. Dheweke duwe wulu sing pucet, kajaba pelikan coklat lan [[Peru]]. Tagihan, kantong, lan kulit rai [[gundhul]] kabeh pelikan dadi padhang sadurunge mangsa. 


{{Stub}}

[[kategori:Manuk]]</text>
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        <id>65009</id>
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      <text bytes="943" sha1="8vyw3fsxsfcfavusj0j9lqtrlxrv2u1" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Trembayak
| fossil_range = 
| image = Pelikan Walvis Bay.jpg
| image_width = 
| image_caption = Pelikan putih
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Pelecaniformes]]
| familia = '''Pelecanidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1815
| genus = '''Pelecanus'''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
Ndeleng teks
}}

'''Trembayak''' (genus '''''Pelecanus''''') iku genus [[manuk]] banyu [[gedhé]] sing kalebu kulawarga '''Pelecanidae'''. Iki ditondoi kanthi cucuk sing dawa lan kantong gulu gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nyekel mangsa lan ngilekake banyu saka isi sing dicelupake sadurunge ditelan. Dheweke duwe wulu sing pucet, kajaba pelikan coklat lan [[Peru]]. Tagihan, kantong, lan kulit rai [[gundhul]] kabeh pelikan dadi padhang sadurunge mangsa. 


{{Stub}}

[[kategori:Manuk]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyk Ngayogyan</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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{{Infobox typeface
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| image            = nyk Ngayogyan font specimen.svg
| style            =
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| foundries        = Apri Nugroho
| license          =
| based_on         = ''Javaansch-Nederduitsch woordenboek'' (1847)
}}__NOTOC__
'''nyk Ngayogyan''' yaiku [[cakrik huruf]] miring [[aksara Jawa]] kang digawé manèh déning Apri Nugroho adhedhasar cakrik-cakrik huruf ing sajroning buku
[[:Barkas:Javaansch Nederduitsch Woordenboek.pdf|''Javaansch-Nederduitsch woordenboek'']] anggitané [[J.F.C. Gericke]] lan [[Taco Roorda|T. Roorda]] kang dibabar ing taun 1847.&lt;ref name=&quot;radarjogja&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/jogja-utama/2020/12/08/gelar-kajian-untuk-kembangkan-aksara-jawa/|title=Gelar Kajian untuk Kembangkan Aksara Jawa|date=8 Dhésèmber 2020|website=[[Radar Jogja]]|access-date=11 Sèptèmber 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aksaradinusantara&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/nyk-ngayogyan-jejeg.font|title=Download Font nyk Ngayogyan Jejeg|last=Nugroho|first=Apri|date=1 Maret 2021|website=Aksara di Nusantara|access-date=11 Sèptèmber 2021|archive-date=2023-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429064019/https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/nyk-ngayogyan-jejeg.font|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ing panganggoning jaman saiki, ''[[Font komputer|font]]'' iki resminé digunakaké ing ''tata naskah kedinasan'' [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Laladan Mirunggan Ngayogyakarta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;radarjogja&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite|title=Peraturan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta No. 70 Tahun 2019 tentang Tata Naskah Dinas|url=https://jdihn.go.id/search/daerah/detail/676877|pp=30-31|via=Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum Nasional|access-date=2022-10-29|archive-date=2021-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911071008/https://jdihn.go.id/search/daerah/detail/676877|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jinis liya ''font'' iki yaiku '''nyk Ngayogyan Jejeg''' kang hurufé jejeg. ''Font'' vèrsi jejeg iki dirembakakaké déning Apri Nugroho lan Arif Budiarto.​ Kekaroné ''font'' iku yaiku asil ''kajian'' ''font'' aksara Jawa kang dilaksanakaké déning [[Kundha Kabudayan (Ngayogyakarta)|Kundha Kabudayan]] DIY lan Tim [[Konggrès Aksara Jawa]] kanggo panyeratan aksara Jawa ing jagad digital.&lt;ref name=&quot;radarjogja&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aksaradinusantara&quot; /&gt;

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Tuladha Jejeg]]

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* ''Font'' [https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/nyk-ngayogyan.font nyk Ngayogyan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930034622/https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/nyk-ngayogyan.font |date=2022-09-30 }} ing aksaradinusantara.com
* ''Font'' [https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/nyk-ngayogyan-jejeg.font nyk Ngayogyan Jejeg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429064019/https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/nyk-ngayogyan-jejeg.font |date=2023-04-29 }} ing aksaradinusantara.com

[[Kategori:Cakrik huruf]]
[[Kategori:Aksara Jawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dino Morea</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Dino_Morea_123456.jpg|Dino_Morea_123456.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No ticket permission since 22 May 2025.</comment>
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      <text bytes="4013" sha1="7ndsqnwmaxay4gi8wc30is6asjm9evh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Dino Morea|image=|caption=Dino Morea (2013)|birth_date={{birth date and age|1975|12|9|df=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;DoB&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Birthday Special: 10 times Dino Morea proved 'age is just a number'! |url=http://zeenews.india.com/and-more/birthday-special-10-times-dino-morea-proved-age-is-just-a-number_1957047.html |website=[[Zee News]] |author=Miscellaneous |date=9 December 2016 |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223138/http://zeenews.india.com/and-more/birthday-special-10-times-dino-morea-proved-age-is-just-a-number_1957047.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_place=[[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;OI&quot;/&gt;|education=[[Bangalore Military School]] &lt;br/&gt;
[[Clarence High School (India)|Clarence High School]]|alma_mater=[[St. Joseph's PU College|St. Joseph's College]]|occupation=* [[Actor]],
* [[Supermodel]],
* [[Film Producer|Producer]]
* [[Television personality]]
* [[Entrepreneur]]|works=[[#Filmography|Full list]]|other_names=''Chocolate boy'' &lt;ref name=&quot;DNA&quot; /&gt;|years_active=1995–present|partner=* [[Bipasha Basu]] (1996–2003)
* [[Lara Dutta]] (2008–2009)
* [[Nandita Mahtani]] (2010–2017)|awards=[[#Awards and nominations|Full list]]|signature=Dino Morea signature.png}}

'''Dino Morea''' (lair 9 Dhésèmber 1975) ya iku aktor, supermodel, produser film, kapribaden televisi lan pengusaha India sing misuwur amarga karyané ing Bollywood, lan uga wis tampil ing sawetara film [[Basa Tamil|Tamil]], [[Basa Kannada|Kannada]], Malayalam lan Telugu . Disebut ing media minangka &quot;Bocah Coklat&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;DNA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dino-moreas-first-look-as-regal-yet-ferocious-warlord-from-the-empire-is-out-2903788|title=Dino Morea's FIRST look as regal yet ferocious warlord from 'The Empire' is out|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2023-08-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/bollywood/dino-morea-birthday-shirtless-pictures-of-the-empire-actor-that-will-make-your-jaw-drop-3122554.html|title=Dino Morea Birthday: Pictures of the 'Empire' Actor That Will Make Your Jaw Drop|date=2021-12-09|website=LatestLY|language=en|access-date=2023-08-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/dino-morea-reveals-why-he-took-a-break-from-films-and-enrolled-himself-in-an-acting-school/fd35a946ce590|title=Dino Morea reveals why he took a break from films and enrolled himself in an acting school|website=OTTPlay|language=en|access-date=2023-08-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; liwat kariré liwat rong puluh taun, Morea wis menangaké sawetara penghargaan lan akting ing liwat 50 film, wiwit saka roman kanggo genre horor, sanadyan biasane ing genre aksi, saéngga mbuktekaken piyambakipun minangka salah satunggaling aktor film Hindi ingkang paling populer wiwit taun 2000-an. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19990621-modelling-was-good-it-had-its-own-excitement-dino-morea-781154-1999-06-20|title=Modelling was good, it had its own excitement: Dino Morea|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2023-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Morea nguber karir sukses minangka model fashion. Dhèwèké banjur wiwit nampa tawaran kanggo peran film. Dhèwèké miwiti debut ing film ''Pyaar Mein Kabhi Kabhi (1999)'' . Dhèwèké entuk istirahat gedhe karo ''Raaz'' ing taun 2002, nalika diakoni dening para penonton. Dhèwèké uga dadi produser lan aktor ing film ''Jism 2'' (2012) lan ''Helmet'' (2021).

Kajaba iku, dhèwèké tumindak ing seri web ing macem-macem platform OTT, kalebu ''Mentalhood'' (2020), ''Hostages'' (2020) lan ''Tandav'' (2021), ''Kaun Banegi Shikharwati'' (2022). Morea entuk pujian sing akeh amarga main ''The Empire'' (2021), peran sing paling apik, lan sukses komersial sing paling gedhe. Kinerja sing diakoni sacara kritis ing seri web kasebut menangaké Penghargaan Akademi Televisi India .

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Lair 1975]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Monumèn Perjuangan Taruna Plataran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6219" sha1="nh19q06av77juvbbv8y5io5eaepvm8d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Sekolah
| nama          = Monumén Pérjuangan Plataran
| nama_asli     =
| nama_latin    =
| gambar        =[[File:Wide Lens Landscape of Plataran Monument.jpg|thumb|Wide Lens Plataran.]]
| didirikan     = 1946
| tipe          =Monumén
| lonem         =
| hinem         = 
| avgnem        =
| alamat        = Dusun Plataran, Kiyudan, Kalurahan Selomartani, Kapanewon Kalasan, Kabupaten Sleman| kutha          = Yogyakarta 55571
| provinsi      = Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
| nagara        = Indonesia
| telp          = 
| koordinat     =
| situs web     = [[https://selomartanisid.slemankab.go.id/home/2022/12/15/monumen-plataran-mengenang-perjuangan-taruna-militer-academy/]]
| surel         =
| kampus        = 
| alumni        =
| institusi     = 
| afiliasi      =
| catatan       =
}}
'''Monumèn Perjuangan Taruna Plataran''' iku salah sawijining wangunan cagar budaya ing Sleman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4165117/monumen-plataran-mengenang-perjuangan-taruna-militer-academy|title=Monumen Plataran, Mengenang Perjuangan Taruna Militer Academy|last=Ludfiana|first=Hanifah|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-06-01|archive-date=2022-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107034214/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4165117/monumen-plataran-mengenang-perjuangan-taruna-militer-academy|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Wewangunan|Wangunan]] iki diyasa ing taun1976 lan di resmekke ing taun 1977, Piyambak mapan wonten ing Dusun Plataran, Kalurahan Selomartani, Kapanewon Kalasan, [[Kabupatèn Sléman|Kabupaten Sleman]]. Monumen punika dipundegaken minangka tetenger saha pengeling-eling perjuangan ageng para Taruna Akademi Militer (MA) ingkang sampun gugur ing palagan nalika nglawan tentara Walanda ing tanggal 24 Februari 1949. 


== Mingeti 70  Taun ==
Pengetan 70 Taun Paprangan Plataran ing Kabupaten Sleman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.akmil.ac.id/berita/kegiatan-wisata-sejarah-mengenang-70-tahun-pertempuran-plataran.html|title=Kegiatan Wisata Sejarah, Mengenang 70 Tahun Pertempuran Plataran {{!}} Akademi Militer|last=Akmil|first=Penhumas|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; sampun kaleksanan kanthi sae lan gayeng. Acara ageng punika dipunadani wiwit tanggal 17 dumugi 24 Februari 2019, kanthi mundhut tema ingkang wigati: &quot;'''Nengenaken 70 Taun Paprangan Plataran Tumuju Desa Wisata Sejarah'''&quot;. Ancasing panitia ngawontenaken pengetan punika boten sanes kangge nglestantunaken saha ngembangaken potensi budaya ing tlatah Plataran, sarta nyebaraken nilai-nilai luhur sejarah dhateng masyarakat umum, mliginipun generasi mudha. Dinas Kebudayaan Kabupaten Sleman ugi paring panyengkuyung ageng kangge kasuksesan acara punika.

== Rangkéan ==
Rerangken acara ingkang dipunadani maneka warna, wiwit saking kegiatan ingkang ngguyubaken ngantos pagelaran seni tradisi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/70-tahun-peringatan-pertempuran-plataran|title=Monumén Plataran|date=2019-11-04|access-date=2025-06-01}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;Pambuka dipunisi kanthi acara ''Fun Bike'' ingkang ndherekaken rute asli nalika Paprangan Plataran. Para peserta saged numpak pit sinambi mirsani kaendahan alam lan mengenang papan-papan bersejarah. Kajawi punika, wonten ugi pagelaran seni budaya ingkang nggambaraken kekayaan seni Jawa, kados ta Seni [[Jathilan]] ingkang nggambaraken semangat prajurit, [[Seni Wayang]] ingkang ngemu piwulang luhur, lan Seni Tari Topeng ingkang unik lan elok. Acara tradisi [[Bersih desa|Merti Desa]] Selomartani ugi ndherekaken dados perangan ingkang boten saged dipunpisahaken saking pengetan punika, nggambaraken rasa syukur dhateng Gusti Allah.

Puncak pengetan dipunadani kanthi mirunggan ing tanggal 24 Februari 2019. Acara dipunwiwiti kanthi Upacara Bendera ingkang khidmat, nggambaraken rasa hormat dhateng para pahlawan. Lajeng dipunlajengaken kalihan penampilan ''Drumband AKMIL'' ingkang nggumunake, dadosaken suasana saya regeng lan semangat. Salah satunggaling acara ingkang paling dipunajeng-ajeng inggih punika pementasan '''Sosiodrama &quot;Tetes Darah Bakti Taruna&quot;'''. Sosiodrama punika nggambaraken kanthi nyata perjuangan heroik lan pengorbanan para Taruna Akademi Militer nalika mbela kemerdekaan.

Wonten pagelaran [[Wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]] sedalu natas, lomba ''Nglukis'' kangge nyaluraken kreativitas anak-anak, lan pagelaran musik Keroncong Perjuangan ingkang nggugah jiwa nasionalisme. Wonten ugi Pameran Pertanian ingkang nampilaken produk-produk unggulan saking asil bumi Sleman, dadosaken acara punika saya pepak lan bermanfaat kangge masyarakat.

== Tujuan ==
Tujuan utami saking acara Pengetan 70 Taun Paprangan Plataran iki yaiku:(1)'''Ngrujukake Program Desa Wisata Sejarah ing Kawasan Monumen Plataran:''' Acara iki diadani kanthi pangarep-arep Monumen Plataran lan sakiwa tengene bisa dikembangake dadi '''desa wisata sejarah'''. Tujuane supaya papan iki ora mung dadi tugu kenangan bisu, nanging uga dadi papan sing urip, bisa narik wisatawan, lan menehi wawasan babagan sejarah perjuangan. Kanthi mangkono, potensi ekonomi lokal uga bisa tuwuh.(2)'''Dadi Sarana Pasinaon kanggo Generasi Mudha babagan Semangat Perjuangan:''' Pengetan iki dikarepake bisa dadi médhia utawa alat kanggo mulangake nilai-nilai perjuangan marang generasi mudha. Para nom-noman diajak mangerteni wigatine lan semangaté Paprangan Plataran, supaya nilai-nilai patriotisme, kendel, lan rela berkorban ora luntur lan tetep diuri-uri minangka bekal ngisi kamardikan.(3)'''Ngangkat Citra lan Branding Wilayah Sléman:''' Kanthi nganakake acara gedhe lan meriah kaya ngene, Sléman bisa luwih dikenal maneh ing tingkat nasional utawa malah internasional minangka dhaerah sing sugih sejarah lan budaya. Iki bisa ningkatake citra positif Sléman minangka tujuan wisata.(4)'''Dadi Ajang Silaturahmi antarane Tokoh Sejarah, Budayawan, lan Masyarakat:''' Forum diskusi lan tirakatan menehi kesempatan kanggo para ahli sejarah, budayawan, veteran pejuang, lan masyarakat umum bisa kumpul, tukar kawruh, lan ngrembug babagan makna sejarah lan budaya.


== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]]</text>
      <sha1>nh19q06av77juvbbv8y5io5eaepvm8d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pasar Srowolan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="4633" sha1="j80b1imnjl5ei33zevk8152pc2wup9f" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pasar Srowolan (2).jpg|thumb|Pasar Srowolan (2)]]'''Pasar Srowolan''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦥꦱꦂ​ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦮꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀) yaiku bangunan los kebuka ngadhek saka lima jèjèr saka lor tekan kidul. Denah bentuk segi panjang, payon bentuk é pelana saka [[Gendhèng|gendhéng]]. [[Gendhèng|Gendhéng]] e nduwèni tutup gablé saka sèng gelombang ing loro pinggiran é.

Payon los Pasar Srowolan disangga déning enem cagak sing digawé saka wesi. saben rangka wesi disambung nganggo baut. adhedhasar prasasti kang katulis ing salah sawijining rangka wesi, wesi-wesi iki digawé déning pabrik baja [[Guttéhofnungshotté]] ing [[Jerman|Jérman]]. Mléstèr los digawé saka bata sing dilapisi pléstèran semen kanthi dhuwur 35 cm saka lumahing lemah. Ing salah sijining los, ana lèmpèngan saka wesi sing katulis &quot;''â€œBRAAT SOERABAIA DJOCJA TEGAL SOEKABOEMI â€œ&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1019/pasar-srowolan|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-06-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bangunan Pasar Srowolan nggunakaké gaya arsitéktur tradhisional kanthi bahan bangunan modérn.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1019/pasar-srowolan|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing sisih kulon pasar, ana tilas kemantrén lan gudhang uyah sing saiki digunakaké dadi TK. Pasar Srowolan isih kairuwat kanthi apik, sanadyan ing taun 1970-an sémpét ngalami pérbaikan ing bagéan rangka payoné, lan kondhisi wesi wiwit karaten.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/pasar-srowolan-2550|title=}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;


Pasar Srowolan didegaké ing taun 1896 dening Kasultanan Yogyakarta bébarengan karo didegaké Kamantrén, kanthi dina pasarané tiba ing dina Wagé. Ing jaman biyén, pasar iki ramé dikunjungi amarga anané midhang, upacara tradhisional minangka wujud syukur amarga kabulé panyuwunan. Bangunan pasar sing ana saiki minangka asil pemugaran sing ditindhakaké dening Sultan Hamengkubuwana VIII ing taun 1921, digarap dening N.V. Contrutié Atéliér Dér Vorsténlandén Djogjakarta kanthi material saka N.V. Braat. biyén ana pédagang Tionghoa ing sisih kulon pasar, nanging wis ora dodolan manéh wiwit jaman Agrési Militér Bélanda II. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/pasar-srowolan-2550|title=Pasar Srowolan}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Srowolan ==
Srowolan iku salah sawijining padhukuhan cilik sing dumunung ing léréng [[Gunung Merapi]], nanging bisa nduwéni péran pénting ing jaman pérjuangan. Padhukuhan iki kalébu ing wilayah Kalurahan Purwobinangun, [[Kabupatèn Sléman]]. Dunungé sing adoh saka raméné nandhakaké padhukuhan iki malah aktif ing perjuangan ngadhekaké cita-cita proklamasi. Dunungé padhukuhan sing adoh iki bisa nduwèni peran mempertahanaké kamardikan amarga ing kana ana pasar. Ing jaman [[Agresi Militér Bélanda|Agresi Militér Bélanda II]], pasar minéngka lembaga ékonomi, kagiatané mandheg total. bisa diarani pasar-pasar gedhé sing ana ing wilayah Sléman lumpuh. Pasar Srowolan bisa ngganti kedudukan pasar gédhé kasébut.

Panalitén iki nyoba ngungkapaké sawijining episodé silik saka séjarah lokal, utamané perané pasar Srowolan ing jaman ''Agrési Militér Bélanda II''. Ing kajian ngenani pasar, penting banget kanggo nyoroti kondisi sosial-ékonomi masyarakat Srowolan. Kondisi sosial-ékonomi masyarakat saubeng pasar bisa dadi tolak ukur kanggo ngkaji perané pasar kasébut ing jaman perjuangan. Pasar Srowolan ing jaman perjuangan nduwéni péran minangka basis logistik, sarana pértukaran informasi, lan sarana mertahanké dhuwit. Aktivitas ing njéro Pasar Srowolan, kanthi ana hubungan timbal balik antarané masyarakat (sing ing njero Pasar Srowolan lan panuku) karo pedagang, antarané pédagang, utawa antarané panuku, ndhukung bangét péran kasébut ing jaman pérjuangan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpkw10/pasar-srowolan-di-sleman-pada-masa-agresi-militer-belanda-ii/|title=Pasar Srowolan Di Sleman Pada Masa Agresi Militer Belanda II {{!}} Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya D.I. Yogyakarta|date=2014-08-21|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kahanan wewangunan ==
Pasar Srowolan

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]]
[[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]]</text>
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    <title>Infobox Guatemala</title>
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      <text bytes="4637" sha1="bzjs0tkyklxb3u0a77rgnzi2nm92kzy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Country
| conventional_long_name = Republik Guatemala
| native_name            = República de Guatemala {{small|([[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]])}}
| common_name            = Guatemala
| image_flag             = Flag of Guatemala.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg
| image_map              = Guatemala (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2             = Guatemala - Location Map (2013) - GTM - UNOCHA.svg
| national_motto         = Libre Crezca Fecundo
| national_anthem        = {{br}}[[Himno Nacional de Guatemala]]
[[File:National anthem of Guatemala, by the U.S. Navy Band.oga|National_anthem_of_Guatemala,_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band]]
{{br}} &lt;b&gt;Mars:&lt;/b&gt;
{{br}} &lt;i&gt;[[La Granadera (Guatemala)|La Granadera]]&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;br&gt;[[File:La Granadera.ogg|Guatemala-:La Granadera]]
| official_languages     = [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]]
| capital                = [[Kutha Guatemala]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|14|38|N|90|30|W|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| government_type        = [[Republik]] [[Sistem presidensial|presidensial]]
| leader_title1          = [[Presiden Guatemala|Presiden]]
| leader_title2          = [[Wakil Presiden Guatemala|Wakil Presiden]]
| leader_name1           = [[Alejandro Giammattei]]
| leader_name2           = [[Guillermo Castillo Reyes]]
| legislature            = [[Kongres Guatemala|Congreso de la República]]
| sovereignty_type       = Kemerdekaan
| sovereignty_note       = [[Kekaisaran Spanyol]]
| established_event1     = Diumumkan
| established_date1      = 15 September 1821
| established_event2     = Diumumkan dari [[Kekaisaran Meksiko siji]]
| established_date2      = 1 Juli 1823
| area_rank              = 107
| area_magnitude         = 1 E11
| area_km2               = 108889
| percent_water          = 0,4
| population_estimate    = 17.703.190&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Explore all countries–Guatemala|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guatemala/|website=World Fact Book|access-date=24 Oktober 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2022
| population_estimate_rank = 69
| population_density_km2 = 129
| population_density_sq_mi = 348,6
| population_density_rank = 85
| GDP_PPP                = $145,249 miliar&lt;ref name=IMF&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=47&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2016&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=258&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 75
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2018
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $8.413&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 118
| GDP_nominal            = $79,109 miliar&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 68
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2018
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4.582&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 103
| Gini                   = 48.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2014
| Gini_change            = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GT |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.627 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2021&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=16 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 135
| currency               = [[Quetzal]] (Q)
| currency_code          = GTQ
| time_zone              = [[Waktu Standar Tengah]] (CST)
| utc_offset             = -6
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| drives_on              = Tengen
| iso3166code            = GT
| cctld                  = [[.gt]]
| calling_code           = [[+502]]
| footnotes              = {{Tnavbar|Guatemala infobox|plain=1}}
}}

&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Kategori:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Kategori:Templat Guatemala|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Sdsecret ngalih kaca [[Templat:Infobox Guatemala]] menyang [[Infobox Guatemala]]</comment>
      <origin>1731011</origin>
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      <text bytes="4637" sha1="bzjs0tkyklxb3u0a77rgnzi2nm92kzy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Country
| conventional_long_name = Republik Guatemala
| native_name            = República de Guatemala {{small|([[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]])}}
| common_name            = Guatemala
| image_flag             = Flag of Guatemala.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg
| image_map              = Guatemala (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2             = Guatemala - Location Map (2013) - GTM - UNOCHA.svg
| national_motto         = Libre Crezca Fecundo
| national_anthem        = {{br}}[[Himno Nacional de Guatemala]]
[[File:National anthem of Guatemala, by the U.S. Navy Band.oga|National_anthem_of_Guatemala,_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band]]
{{br}} &lt;b&gt;Mars:&lt;/b&gt;
{{br}} &lt;i&gt;[[La Granadera (Guatemala)|La Granadera]]&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;br&gt;[[File:La Granadera.ogg|Guatemala-:La Granadera]]
| official_languages     = [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]]
| capital                = [[Kutha Guatemala]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|14|38|N|90|30|W|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| government_type        = [[Republik]] [[Sistem presidensial|presidensial]]
| leader_title1          = [[Presiden Guatemala|Presiden]]
| leader_title2          = [[Wakil Presiden Guatemala|Wakil Presiden]]
| leader_name1           = [[Alejandro Giammattei]]
| leader_name2           = [[Guillermo Castillo Reyes]]
| legislature            = [[Kongres Guatemala|Congreso de la República]]
| sovereignty_type       = Kemerdekaan
| sovereignty_note       = [[Kekaisaran Spanyol]]
| established_event1     = Diumumkan
| established_date1      = 15 September 1821
| established_event2     = Diumumkan dari [[Kekaisaran Meksiko siji]]
| established_date2      = 1 Juli 1823
| area_rank              = 107
| area_magnitude         = 1 E11
| area_km2               = 108889
| percent_water          = 0,4
| population_estimate    = 17.703.190&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Explore all countries–Guatemala|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guatemala/|website=World Fact Book|access-date=24 Oktober 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2022
| population_estimate_rank = 69
| population_density_km2 = 129
| population_density_sq_mi = 348,6
| population_density_rank = 85
| GDP_PPP                = $145,249 miliar&lt;ref name=IMF&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=47&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2016&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=258&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 75
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2018
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $8.413&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 118
| GDP_nominal            = $79,109 miliar&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 68
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2018
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4.582&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 103
| Gini                   = 48.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2014
| Gini_change            = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GT |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.627 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2021&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=16 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 135
| currency               = [[Quetzal]] (Q)
| currency_code          = GTQ
| time_zone              = [[Waktu Standar Tengah]] (CST)
| utc_offset             = -6
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| drives_on              = Tengen
| iso3166code            = GT
| cctld                  = [[.gt]]
| calling_code           = [[+502]]
| footnotes              = {{Tnavbar|Guatemala infobox|plain=1}}
}}

&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Kategori:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Kategori:Templat Guatemala|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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    <redirect title="Trembayak" />
    <revision>
      <id>1731003</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T03:45:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Manggisjeruk</username>
        <id>65009</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Manggisjeruk ngalih kaca [[Pelikan]] menyang [[Trembayak]]: Kenapa sih kontributor Wikipedia bahasa Jawa ga pernah buka kamus bahasa Jawa, asal terjemah aja. Padahal bhasa aslinya pelican kan trembayak</comment>
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      <text bytes="19" sha1="08t2xdypn6qhddhuca3vkoz509zmey6" xml:space="preserve">#ALIH [[Trembayak]]</text>
      <sha1>08t2xdypn6qhddhuca3vkoz509zmey6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Templat:Infobox Guatemala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1731016</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T06:38:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sdsecret</username>
        <id>66712</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sdsecret ngalih kaca [[Templat:Infobox Guatemala]] menyang [[Infobox Guatemala]]</comment>
      <origin>1731016</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="27" sha1="oyf9ompsr1ccwe4amvg52tjhsbmmdqo" xml:space="preserve">#ALIH [[Infobox Guatemala]]</text>
      <sha1>oyf9ompsr1ccwe4amvg52tjhsbmmdqo</sha1>
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      <id>1731017</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-23T06:41:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sdsecret</username>
        <id>66712</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Menghapus pengalihan ke [[Infobox Guatemala]]</comment>
      <origin>1731017</origin>
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      <text bytes="4637" sha1="bzjs0tkyklxb3u0a77rgnzi2nm92kzy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Country
| conventional_long_name = Republik Guatemala
| native_name            = República de Guatemala {{small|([[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]])}}
| common_name            = Guatemala
| image_flag             = Flag of Guatemala.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg
| image_map              = Guatemala (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2             = Guatemala - Location Map (2013) - GTM - UNOCHA.svg
| national_motto         = Libre Crezca Fecundo
| national_anthem        = {{br}}[[Himno Nacional de Guatemala]]
[[File:National anthem of Guatemala, by the U.S. Navy Band.oga|National_anthem_of_Guatemala,_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band]]
{{br}} &lt;b&gt;Mars:&lt;/b&gt;
{{br}} &lt;i&gt;[[La Granadera (Guatemala)|La Granadera]]&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;br&gt;[[File:La Granadera.ogg|Guatemala-:La Granadera]]
| official_languages     = [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]]
| capital                = [[Kutha Guatemala]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|14|38|N|90|30|W|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| government_type        = [[Republik]] [[Sistem presidensial|presidensial]]
| leader_title1          = [[Presiden Guatemala|Presiden]]
| leader_title2          = [[Wakil Presiden Guatemala|Wakil Presiden]]
| leader_name1           = [[Alejandro Giammattei]]
| leader_name2           = [[Guillermo Castillo Reyes]]
| legislature            = [[Kongres Guatemala|Congreso de la República]]
| sovereignty_type       = Kemerdekaan
| sovereignty_note       = [[Kekaisaran Spanyol]]
| established_event1     = Diumumkan
| established_date1      = 15 September 1821
| established_event2     = Diumumkan dari [[Kekaisaran Meksiko siji]]
| established_date2      = 1 Juli 1823
| area_rank              = 107
| area_magnitude         = 1 E11
| area_km2               = 108889
| percent_water          = 0,4
| population_estimate    = 17.703.190&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Explore all countries–Guatemala|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guatemala/|website=World Fact Book|access-date=24 Oktober 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2022
| population_estimate_rank = 69
| population_density_km2 = 129
| population_density_sq_mi = 348,6
| population_density_rank = 85
| GDP_PPP                = $145,249 miliar&lt;ref name=IMF&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=47&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2016&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=258&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 75
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2018
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $8.413&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 118
| GDP_nominal            = $79,109 miliar&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 68
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2018
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4.582&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 103
| Gini                   = 48.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2014
| Gini_change            = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GT |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.627 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2021&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=16 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 135
| currency               = [[Quetzal]] (Q)
| currency_code          = GTQ
| time_zone              = [[Waktu Standar Tengah]] (CST)
| utc_offset             = -6
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| drives_on              = Tengen
| iso3166code            = GT
| cctld                  = [[.gt]]
| calling_code           = [[+502]]
| footnotes              = {{Tnavbar|Guatemala infobox|plain=1}}
}}

&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Kategori:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Kategori:Templat Guatemala|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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