Daftar stasiun radhio

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    <title>Daftar stasiun radhio</title>
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      <text bytes="2595" sha1="jd9lj8pu3l2gcliua41bs6g6inaa0wb" xml:space="preserve">Pratélan punika, '''pratélan stasiun [[radhio]]''' wonten [[Indonesia]]:

== Jakarta ==
* Radio-A (96.7 FM) http://www.radioa967fm.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420093107/http://www.radioa967fm.com/ |date=2008-04-20 }}
* Radio-A AIRBorne live streaming at mms://médhia.indline.com/rhadioa{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Pesona FM (103.8 FM)
* Female Radio Jakarta (99,5 FM)
* Prambors (102,2 FM)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pramborsfm.com/new/index.php |title=Situs web Radhio Prambors |access-date=2010-07-14 |archive-date=2010-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719130125/http://www.pramborsfm.com/new/index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Elshinta (90,05 FM)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elshinta.com/ Situs web Radhio Elshinta]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Delta FM &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://deltafmjakarta.com/ |title=Situs web Radhio Delta FM |access-date=2010-07-14 |archive-date=2010-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125230329/http://www.deltafmjakarta.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hard Rock FM (87,60 FM)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.hardrockfm.com/ |title=Situs web Radhio Hard Rock FM |access-date=2010-07-14 |archive-date=2008-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318205005/http://www.hardrockfm.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sonora (92,00 FM)
* ARH (88,40 FM)
* Suara Metro (107,80 FM)
* MS Three (104,40 FM)
* SK FM (93,20 FM)
* Kiss (95,10 FM)
* Ramako (105,80 FM)

== Medan ==
* Elshinta-Medan 93.20&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Gita 103.80&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Kardopa 106.20&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Kiss 105.80&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Kosa 14.60&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Life 92.80&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Mix 90.80&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Most 99.10&amp;nbsp;MHz
* RRI 94.30&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Simfoni 103.40&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Smart 101.8&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Sonya FM 106.6&amp;nbsp;MHz
* Prapanca 95.10&amp;nbsp;MHz

== Semarang ==
* SUARA SAKTI 105.2 FM
* RCTFM
* TOP FM
* IMELDA FM
* Dhani10 Fm
* Rhema Radio (http//rhemaradio.transbit.net:8000/)
* Radio Ichtus (95.6)

== Surabaya ==

== Surakarta ==

* '''Karavan 107.3 FM''' (Manahan) http://www.karavanfm.co.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119072958/http://www.karavanfm.co.id/ |date=2008-01-19 }} 
* Sala Radio FM(Ardan Group).
* PTPN Rasitania FM
* SAS FM
* Jimbaran 103.9 FM *Radione Wong Sala*
* PAS FM
* GSM FM
* Suara Slenk FM
* MQ FM
* Hizbullah FM
* Imanuel FM
* JPI FM
* Pro1 FM
* Pro2 FM
* Swara Graha FM
* Suara Karavan FM
* Mentari FM
* Ria FM Female Radio
* Kharisma FM
* Metta FM
* Solopos FM
* Suara Bening Ati FM
* UMS FM
* UNS FM
* Unisri FM
* Ramakusala FM

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Radio]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tuberkulosis</title>
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      <text bytes="6333" sha1="3qmf4729cq2oj3rqwaxw8628q88fkjy" xml:space="preserve">{{Penyangkalan medis}}
{{Infobox_Disease
 | Name           = Tuberculosa
 | Image          = Gruzlica pluc.jpg
 | Caption        = Paru-paru panandhang TBC liwat Sinar X
 | DiseasesDB     = 8515
 | ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|15||a|15}}-{{ICD10|A|19||a|15}}
 | ICD9           = {{ICD9|010}}-{{ICD9|018}}
 | ICDO           = 
 | OMIM           = 607948
 | MedlinePlus    = 000077
 | MedlinePlus_mult = {{MedlinePlus2|000624}}
 | eMedicineSubj  = med
 | eMedicineTopic = 2324
 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|618}} {{eMedicine2|radio|411}}
 | MeshName       = Tuberculosis
 | MeshNumber     = C01.252.410.040.552.846
}}

'''Tuberkulosis''' utawa '''TB''' utawa '''TBC''' (cekakan pungkasan iki ora akèh dienggo manèh) iku [[lelara]] [[infèksi]] kang disebabaké déning [[bakteri]] ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. Lelara iki paling asring nyerang paru-paru sanajan ing saprotelon kasus nyerang [[organ]] awak liya lan ditularaké wong menyang wong liyané. Iki uga salah siji lelara tuwa dhéwé kang dikawruhi nyerang manungsa. Yèn diterapi kanthi bener tuberkulosis kang disebabaké déning komplèks ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'', kang peka marang obat, praktis bisa mari. Tanpa terapi tuberkulosa bakal ngakibataké pepati sajeroning limang taun pisanan ing punjul setengah kasus.

[[Indonésia]] ana sajeroning peringkat katelu paling ala ing donya kanggo gunggung panandhang TB. Saben taun muncul [[500]] èwu kasus anyar lan punjul 140 èwu liyané mati. Satus taun kapungkur, siji saka lima pepati ing [[Amérikah Sarékat]] disebabaké déning tuberkulosis.

Tanggal [[24 Maret]] dipèngeti donya minangka &quot;Dina TBC&quot; amarga nalika tanggal 24 Maret [[1882]] ing [[Berlin]], [[Jerman]], [[Robert Koch]] mresentasikaké asil studi ngenani jalaran tuberkulosis kang panjenengané temokaké.

== Panularan ==
Panularan lelara iki amarga kontak karo [[dhahak]] utawa ngisep titik-titik banyu saka [[wahing]] utawa [[watuk]] saka wong kang kena [[infèksi]] kuman tuberkulosis

== Simptom ==
Tandha-tandha utama tuberkulosis ya iku watuk suwéné 3 minggu utawa luwih, mawa dhahak, lan racaké campur [[getih]]. Bisa uga [[nyeri dhadha]], [[mata abang]], [[kèlangan nafsu mangan]], [[sesek napas]], [[demam]], [[awak lemes]], lan saya [[kuru]]. Yèn ora ditangani, bisa dumadi syok [[hipovolemik]] utawa sesek napas abot kang njalari [[pati|pepati]].

== Jinis-jinis ==
* [[Tuberkulosis paru]] kakonfirmasi kanthi bakteriologis lan histologis
* Tuberkulosis paru ora kakonfirmasi kanthi bakteriologis lan histologis
* Tuberkulosis ing [[sistem saraf]]
* Tuberkulosis ing organ-organ liyané
* [[Tuberkulosis millier]]

== Pirsani uga ==
* [[Pratélan kurban Tuberkulosis misuwur]]
* [[Mycobacterium leprae]] 
* [[tès Heaf]]
* [[Mycobacterium bovis]]
* [[Kusta]]

== Réferènsi ==
* ''Core Curriculum on Tuberculosis: What the Clinician Should Know, 4th edition (2000)''. Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC). ([http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/corecurr/default.htm Internet version] updated Aug 2003).
* Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. ''Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: Code of Practice 2000''. Thorax 2000;55:887-901 ([http://thorax.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/55/11/887 fulltext]).
* Thomas Dormandy (1999). ''The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis''. ISBN 0-8147-1927-9 HB-ISBN 1-85285-332-8 PB
* ''Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World''. Tracy Kidder, Random House 2000. ISBN 0-8129-7301-1. A nonfiction account of treating TB in Haiti, Peru, and elsewhere.
* Ha SJ, Jeon BY, Youn JI, Kim SC, Cho SN, Sung YC. Protective effect of DNA vaccine during chemotherapy on reactivation and reinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gene Ther. 2005 Feb 03; [Epub ahead of print] PMID 15690060

== Pranala njaba ==
'''Organisasi'''

* [http://www.who.int/gtb/ World Health Organization Tuberculosis] home page at [[World Health Organization]]-Strategy &amp; Operations, Monitoring &amp; Evaluation
* [http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/default.htm Division of Tuberculosis Elimination] [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] Fact sheets, data, and other resources
* [http://www.stoptb.org/ The Stop TB Partnership] international organization. World TB Day.
* [http://www.tbcta.org/ The Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical Assistance - TBCTA]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The main purpose of TBCTA is to assist the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and its local (public, private, NGO) partners to improve TB control programs and accelerate the implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) strategy. With other global TB partners, TBCTA contributes to accelerate the pace of DOTS expansion.
* [http://www.tbindonesia.or.id/ Gerakan Terpadu Nasional Penanggulangan TBC - Stop TB Partnership Indonesia] Sumber informasi penanggulangan TBC di Indonesia.
* http://www.klikpdpi.com/{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Perhimpunan Dhokter Paru Indonesia
* www.who.int/tb/publications/2006/istc/en/index.html

'''Liyané'''

* [http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/faqs/qa.htm Questions and Answers About TB] from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tuberculosis.html Tuberculosis] from [[MedlinePlus]] an excellent resource for the public from US [[National Library of Medicine]]
* [http://www.umdnj.edu/ntbcweb/history.html Brief History of Tuberculosis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215204155/http://www.umdnj.edu/ntbcweb/history.html |date=2006-02-15 }} from New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center
* [http://medicastore.com/penyakit/69/Tuberkulosis_TBC.html Tuberkulosis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427015247/http://medicastore.com/penyakit/69/Tuberkulosis_TBC.html |date=2011-04-27 }}
* [http://www.medicastore.com/tbc/ Segala hal tentang TBC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325002502/http://medicastore.com/tbc/ |date=2011-03-25 }}

[[Kategori:Tuberkulosis| ]]
[[Kategori:Lelara baktèrial]]
[[Kategori:Lelara nular]]
[[Kategori:Pulmonologi]]


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  <page>
    <title>Soedirman</title>
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        <username>Rubah Hitam Vukova</username>
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      <comment>Restored revision 1730960 by [[Special:Contributions/Henri Aja|Henri Aja]] ([[User talk:Henri Aja|talk]]) (Černoliška 🌙)</comment>
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      <text bytes="7644" sha1="lvitj053pn7sqdnm1rhgpijknyy5vdv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Jenderal Besar Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Jenderal Besar]] [[Anumerta]] Bintang Lima (1997)
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Panglima Besar [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat Jenderal)&lt;br /&gt;[[Panglima]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Jéndral Besar TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Panglima]] lan [[Jéndral]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Jéndral]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-23T15:59:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheGuardian3</username>
        <id>67532</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1731037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7632" sha1="j9fvs5gfzsey8ie7vi2eq9pk8jpgbax" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]]
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat Prajurit Satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731038</id>
      <parentid>1731037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T16:00:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>103.138.49.15</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1731038</origin>
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      <text bytes="7632" sha1="mwjzcnwb1yc965b894r9jwekbo4u93w" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]]
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat Prajurit Satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]],

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731045</id>
      <parentid>1731038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T19:53:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Henri Aja</username>
        <id>45299</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Restored revision 1731031 by [[Special:Contributions/Rubah Hitam Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] ([[User talk:Rubah Hitam Vukova|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>1731045</origin>
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      <text bytes="7644" sha1="lvitj053pn7sqdnm1rhgpijknyy5vdv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Jenderal Besar Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Jenderal Besar]] [[Anumerta]] Bintang Lima (1997)
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Panglima Besar [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat Jenderal)&lt;br /&gt;[[Panglima]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Jéndral Besar TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Panglima]] lan [[Jéndral]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Jéndral]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1731047</id>
      <parentid>1731045</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T19:57:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheGuardian3</username>
        <id>67532</id>
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      <origin>1731047</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7635" sha1="2kk9ad5c7nve0slp232vkhnlk96hi2b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit  Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]] 
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit  Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat prajurit satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang, 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1731048</id>
      <parentid>1731047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T19:57:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>103.138.49.15</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1731048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7634" sha1="e38iavpsrgm4usemtxkglma9m346apq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit  Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]] 
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit  Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat prajurit satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara), [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
      <sha1>e38iavpsrgm4usemtxkglma9m346apq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731060</id>
      <parentid>1731048</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T04:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheGuardian3</username>
        <id>67532</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pangkat Jenderal Besar TNI Diberikan kepada anak dari Robinson Malau</comment>
      <origin>1731060</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7634" sha1="587wxrhmcp79rx855itzhnkx21p9t91" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit  Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]] 
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit  Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat prajurit satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia. Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara). [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731062</id>
      <parentid>1731060</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T06:52:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>103.138.49.15</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pangkat Jenderal Besar TNI Sudirman Diberikan kepada anak dari robinson malau</comment>
      <origin>1731062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7634" sha1="gis58buoj4oc66spdnzfroxyxoyx5na" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Person
|name = Soedirman
|lived = [[24 Januari]] [[1916]]–[[29 Januari]] [[1950]]
|image = [[Gambar:Sudirman.jpg|200px]]
|caption = Prajurit  Satu Soedirman
|nickname = 
|placeofbirth = [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]], [[Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]
|placeofdeath = [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
|branch = 
|serviceyears = 1945–1950
|rank = [[Prajurit Satu]] 
|unit = [[TKR]]/[[TNI]]&lt;br /&gt;Divisi V / [[Banyumas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Batalyon]] [[Kroya]]
|commands = Prajurit  Satu [[TKR]] / [[TNI]] (pangkat prajurit satu)&lt;br /&gt;[[Prajurit Satu]] Divisi V / [[Banyumas]] (pangkat Kolonel)&lt;br /&gt;[[Komandan]] [[Batalyon]] [[Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya]], [[Jawa Tengah]]&lt;br /&gt;
|battles = [[Palagan Ambarawa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perang Kamardhikan Indonésia]]
|awards = [[Wira Nasional Indonésia|Wira Pembela Kemerdekaan]]
|relations = 
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Soedirman''' utawi jangkepipun Prajurit Satu TNI Anumerta Soedirman (Ejaan Soewandi: Sudirman) (lair ing Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, 24 Januari 1916 – tilar donya ing Magelang 29 Januari 1950 kanthi yuswa 34 taun) inggih punika salah sawijining wira Indonésia ingkang berjuang ing mangsa kamardhikan Républik Indonésia, Katulis wonten ing sajarah [[Indonésia]], panjenengané njabat dados [[Prajurit Satu]] lan [[Prajurit Satu]] [[Indonésia]] kapisan ingkang paling nem. Nalika yuswanipun Soedirman 31 taun panjenengané sampun dados [[Prajurit Satu]]. Sanadyan gerah [[tuberkulosis|tuberkulosis paru-paru]] panjenengané tetep berjuang ing [[palagan]] kanggé mbela kamardhikan [[Indonésia]]. Soedirman tilar donya amargi gerah tuberkulosis paru-paru lan dipunsarèkaké ing Taman Makam Wira Semaki (Kusumanagara). [[Yogyakarta]].

== Kulawarga ==
Soedirman ageng wonten ing kulawarga ingkang sedherhana. Ramanipun, Karsid Kartowirodji makarya wonten ing Pabrik Gula Kalibagor, Banyumas. Lan ibunipun, Siyem inggih punika keturuna Wedana Rembang. Nalika Soedirman 8 sasi panjenengané dipunpundhut putra déning Raden Tjokrosoenaryo salah satunggaling asistèn Wedana Rembang ingkan taksih seduluripun Siyem.

Soedirman nglampahi pasinaonan wonten ing Sekolah Taman Siswa ingkang dipunlajengaken wonteng ing HIK Sekolah guru Muhammadiyah wonten ing kutha Surakarta nanging boten purna. Nalika pamulangan panjenengané ugi anggota organisasi Pramuka Hizbul Wathan. Soedirman dados guru wonten ing HIK Muhammadiyah ing Cilacap.

Nalika mangsa penjajahan Jepang Soedirman mlebet ing prajurit Pembela Tanah Air PETA ing Bogor dipundhidhik déning prajurit Jepang. Sasampunipun ngrampungaken pasinaunan ing PETA panjenengané dados Komandan Batalyon ing Kroya, Cilacap|Kroya Jawa Tengah. Lajeng dados Panglima Divisi V/Banyumas sasampunipun TKR dumadi, lan dados Panglima Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia Panglima TKR.

Soedirman misuwur kanthi pribadi ingkang teguh ing kapercayan lan cekelan urip, Soedirman langkung ngutamakake keperluan bebrayan lan nagari tinimbang kaperluanipun piyambak, keséhatanipun Soedirman piyambak ugi. Katulis ing buku anggitaning Tjoktopranolo pungawanipun nalika gerilya, panjenengané tiyang ingkang konsisten lan konsekuen nalika mbela kepentingan nagari.

Nalika penjajahan Jepang Soedirman naté dados anggota Badan Pengurus Makanan Rakyat lan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Karesidenan Banyumas. Lan yasa Koperasi kanggé nulung rakyat saking kelaparan.

Sasampunipun Perang Dunia II purna, Jepang nyerah tanpa sarat marang Pasukan Sakuthu lan Soekarno ngumumaken kamardhikan Indonésia. Soedirman angsal prèstasi kapisan dados prajurit sawisé mundhut senjata prajurit Jepang ing Palagan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Soedirman mimpin batalyon PETA dados resimen ing Banyumas ingkang dipunrintis dados wadyabala perang republik Indonésia lan dados wadyabala utama ing perang Revolusi Nasional Indonésia.

Perang Dunia II kang dipunmenangn déning prajurit Sakuthu ing atase Jepang ndadosaken prajurit Walanda mlebet ing pulo Hindia, Walanda sapunika Républik Indonésia ingkang sampun mutusaké kanggé mardhika. Wadya Sakuthu dugi ing Indonésia sawisé prajurit Jepang nyerah kanthi alasan mundhut ragatipun prajurit Jepang, nanging NICA tumut kalih prajurit Sakuthu badhé mundhut Indonésia dados koloninipun. Nanging TKR perang kaliyan prajurit Sakuthu.

Palagan ageng kapisan ingkang dipunpimpin déning Soedirman inggih punika Palagan Ambarawa nglawan prajurit Inggris lan NICA, Walanda ingkang kalaksanan ing wulan November dumugi Dhésèmber 1945. 12 Dhésèmber 1945 Soedirman nyerang Inggris sesarengan ing Ambarawa. Palagan wau kalaksana 5 dinten dipunpungkasi kanthi mundhuripun prajurit Inggris ing Semarang tanggal 16 Dhésèmber 1945.

Sawisé Soedirman menang ing Palagan Ambarawa tanggal 18 Dhésèmber 1945, panjenengané dipunangkat dados Jéndral déning Présidhèn Soekarno. Soedirman angsal gelar Jéndral boten saking sistem Akademi Militer utawi pasinaonan sanès nanging saking prèstasinipun.

Nalika Agresi Militer II Walanda kedaden, kutha krajanipun Indonésia dipunpindah wonten ing Yogyakarta sebab Jakarta sampun dipunkuwasai déning prajurit Walanda. Soedirman mimpin prajurit kanggé mbela Yogyakarta saking Walanda tanggal 19 Dhésèmber 1948. Nalika palagan mau, panjenengané sampun gerah Tuberkulosis ingkang sampun parah. Sanadyan kados makaten panjenengané tetep tumut perang kanthi tandu.

Soedirman langkung awrat anggènipun nglampahi gesangipun, amargi paru-parunipun penjenange namung kantun satunggal ingkang saged dipunagem. Salajengipun Yogyakarta dipunpundhut denng Walanda, sanadyan sempet dipunkuwasai Indonésia nalika Seranagan Umum I Maret 1949. Nalika samanten, Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta lan sapérangan anggota kabinèt dipuncekel déning prajurit Walanda. Amargi kaanan ingkang awrat, Soedirman kanthi dipuntandu mimpin perang. Panjengane pindah-pindah ngantos 7 sasi saking wana dumugi wana, saking gunung ing gunung kanthi kaanan gerah ingkang awrat. Sanadyan taksih kersa mimpin perang, panjenengané kondur.

Sasampunipun Walanda nyerahaken kepuloan nusantara dados Républik Indonésia Sarékat ing Konferensi Meja Bundar taun 1949 ing Den Haag, Jéndral Soedirman kondur ing Jakarta bebarengan kaliyan Présidhèn Soekarno lan Mohammad Hatta.

== Tilar donya ==
Nalika 29 Januari 1950, Jéndral Soedirman tilar donya ing kutha [[Magelang, Jawa Tengah]] sebab gerah [[Tuberkulosis]] ingkang awrat. Lan kasarèkaken ing [[Taman Makam Wira Kusuma Nagara]] ing [[Semaki, Yogyakarta]]. Panjenenganipun tunjuk dados [[Jéndral Besar Anumerta]] kanthi gangsal lintang, dumugi sapunika pangkat punika namung dipunparingaken déning 3 Jéndral ing Indonésia inggih punika Haji Muhammad Soeharto, Abdul Haris Nasution lan panjengipun.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml Jendral Soedirman di TokohIndonésia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720031914/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sudirman/index.shtml |date=2009-07-20 }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.berhatinyaman.com/id/muséum-sasmitaloka-pangsar-sudirman/ Museum Sasmitaloka Pangsar Sudirman]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{id icon}} [http://www.unsoed.ac.id Universitas Jenderal Soedirman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326085300/http://akademik.unsoed.ac.id/ |date=2011-03-26 }}
{{artikel pilihan}}
{{Wira Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Wira nasiyonal Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Banyumas]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1916]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sargon saking Akkad</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7376" sha1="nd7yc0s4jj8j6zs3ry490f6aupa9v8r" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Sargon of Akkad.jpg|thumb|160px]]
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; width=&quot;280&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;
!style=&quot;color: #000000; background-color: #C1D8FF; font-size: 120%&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Sargon'''
|-
{{#if: {{{title|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; {{!}} ''King of [[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]]''
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{image|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; {{!}} 
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{caption|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; {{!}} Bust of an Akkadian ruler, probably Sargon, [[Nineveh]], ca. 23rd – 22nd century BC
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{reign|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Reign'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} ca. 2270&amp;nbsp;BC – 2215&amp;nbsp;BC
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{Full name|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Full&amp;nbsp;name'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} Birth name unknown; regnal name was ''Šarru-kin'' (&quot;the true King&quot; or &quot;the legitimate King&quot;)
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{othertitles|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Titles'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} King of [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]], [[Lagash]], [[Umma]], [[Uruk]], overlord of [[Sumer]], [[Elam]], [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], and [[Jarmut|Yarmuti]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{date of birth|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Born'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} ca. 2300&amp;nbsp;BC
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{place of birth|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}{{#if:{{{date of birth|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||'''Birthplace'''}}
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Azupiranu]], [[Mesopotamia]] (?)
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{date of death|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Died'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} ca. 2215&amp;nbsp;BC (aged 85)
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{place of death|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]], [[Mesopotamia]] (?)
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{successor|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Successor'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Rimush (Akkad)|Rimush]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{spouse 1|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Wife/wives'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Tashlultum]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{Issue|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;|date=May 2010}}} |
{{!}}'''Issue'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Enheduanna]], [[Rimush (Akkad)|Rimush]], [[Manishtushu]], Ibarum, and Abaish-Takal
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{royal house|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Royal&amp;nbsp;House'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Akkadian Empire|House of Sargon]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{dynasty|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Dynasty'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[Akkadian Empire|Akkadian dynasty]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{Father|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''Father'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} [[La'ibum]] (natural); [[Akki]] (foster-)
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{brother|&lt;noinclude&gt;-&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} |
{{!}}'''brother'''
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} unknown
{{!}}-
}}
|}
'''Sargon saking Akkad''' dipuntepang ugi Sargon Raja Agung atawa Raja ingkang sajatosipun, Raja saking peradaban kuna wonten [[Mesopotamia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;crystal&quot;&gt;[http://www.crystalinks.com/akkadia.html Akkad or Agade] dipununduh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011, tabuh 14.35 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mesopotamia&quot;&gt;[http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Akkad.html Ancient Akkad (2334-2112 BC)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514101053/http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Akkad.html |date=2011-05-14 }} dipununduh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011, tabuh 14.27 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;
Wonten cathetan kuna utawi [[prasasti]], salah satungaling tokoh raja ingkang yasa kamaharajan utawi nagara ingkang multietnis, ngagem polotik [[Akkadians]] ([[Monarki]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;&gt;[http://www.angelfire.com/nt/Gilgamesh/akkadian.html Akkadian Empire] dipununduh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011, tabuh 14.30 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;
Tlatah ingkang dikuasai Sargon watara [[kali|lepen]] [[Tigris]] ngantos [[Eufrat]], kaliyan sabagian tlatah [[Turki]] sapunika, ibu kotanipun wonten tlatah [[Agade]], [[Akkadia|Akkad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Sargon kacathet wonten dhaftar raja-raja ingkang wonten [[Sumeria]], wonten gangsal raja ingkang dados panguasa wonten [[Akkadia|Akkad]] inggih punika, Sargon, [[Rimush]], [[Manishtusu]], [[Naram-Sin]], kaliyan [[Shar-kali-sharri]] sadayanipun dados raja [[Akkadia|Akkad]] kanthi 142 taun.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;
Piyambakipun (Sargon) dados raja laminipun 56 taun (data kasebat boten saged dipunpriksa, nanging wonten cathetan ingkang saged dipungandhengaken sumarga saged dipunpitados, ya iku cathetan raja Ur ingkang kaping III).&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;
Saderengipun dados raja [[Akkadia|Akkad]], Sargon dados juru minumipun [[Ur-Zabada Kish|Raja Ur-Zababa Kish]].&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;
Miturut legendha, Sargon sapunika bocah ingkang dibuang nalika lair, lajeng dipunrumat kaliyan tukang tandur wonten karajan, ngantos dipunremeni kaliyan [[dewi Isthar]] nuli dipunboyong wonten pangadilan karajan.&lt;ref name=&quot;kids&quot;/&gt;

== Kamenangan Raja Sargon ==
Sumber sajarah ingkang utama papréntahan Raja Sargon dipunangsal saking salinan [[Torèt|kitab Torètingkang]] dipunserat para ahli-ahli [[Kitab Torèt|Torèt]] [[Babilonia Tuwa|Babilonia Kuna]] wonten [[Nippur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;akkad&quot;/&gt;
Para ahli [[taurat|KitabTorèt]] punika saking Akkadia, saéngga ngagem kalih abasa teks, yapunika abasa Sumeria kaliyan abasa teks Akkadia.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;
Saking chatetan punika dipunmangertosi [[sajarah]] saking Raja Sargon, inggih punika:&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;

* Raja Sargon sampun menang nalika perang ngerebut kutha-kutha wonten [[Sumeria]], [[Babilonia]] Kidul.
* Sargon sampun nangkap [[Lugalzagesi]] saking [[Uruk]], bekasipun penguasa [[Umma]], ingkang sampun nyerang [[UruKAgina]] wonten Lagash.
* Wonten 34 paparangan ingkang kantindadaken déning Raja Sargon wonten tlatah kidul.
* Perintah pandamelan pelabuhan [[Meluhha]] (tlatah Indus), [[Magan]] (manawi sapunika kadosipun [[Oman]]), kaliyan [[Dilmun]] ([[Bahrain]]) wonten tlatah [[Akkadia|Akkad]] kanthi rikat.
* Tlatah ingkang sampun dipunkuasani raja Sargon: [[Mari]], [[Tuttul]] wonten Balikh, wonten tlatah mriku Raja Sargon nyembah [[déwa Dagan]] (Dagon), Ebla (Tall Mardikh wonten [[Suriah]]), &quot;alas cedar&quot; (Amanus utawi [[Lebanon]]), ugi &quot;gunung pérak &quot; (patempuran wonten [[Elam]] kaliyan kaki bukit Zagros).
Kangge ngelancaraken niatipun Raja Sargon kanggé nyatunggalaken sadaya tlatah, piyambakipun ngutus putrinipun [[En-Hedu-ana‎|Enheduanna]] dados pendeta ageng wonten [[kuil]] [[Nanna (Dewi Wulan)|Dewi Bulan Nanna]], tlatah Ur.

Boten namung punika, [[En-Hedu-ana‎|Enheduanna]] ugi dipunutus Sargon dados pendeta ageng wonten [[kuil déwa Langit An]], tlatah Uruk.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;
Sarta ugi nyerat kalih himne kanggé nyembah para déwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;kids&quot;&gt;[http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/akkadians.htm Akkadian history for Kids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823064450/http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/akkadians.htm |date=2011-08-23 }} dipununduh tanggal 23 Mèi, tabuh 14.25 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;
Papréntahan Dinasti [[Akkadia]] sukses, tlatahipun mbentang saking [[Lebanon]] wonten pasisir [[Mediterania]], kanthi Loripun [[Turki]] kaliyan tlatah kidul [[Lempongan Pèrsi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;[http://history-world.org/akkadians.htm Akkadians] dipununduh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011, tabuh 14.20 WIB&lt;/ref&gt;

== Delengna Ugi ==
* [[Peradaban Mesopotamia]]
* [[Akkadia]]
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Sajarah]]
[[Kategori:Pratélan pamimpin ingkang dipunparingi jejuluk Ingkang Agung]]</text>
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    <title>Diyan</title>
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      <text bytes="2542" sha1="a9jj9a55drnk76x7g026ew57e2jct38" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Free standing lamp.jpg|thumb|250 px| Diyan]]
'''Diyan''' yaiku barang kang bisa ngasilaké sinar kanthi sumber [[ènèrgi]] [[listrik]]. Diyan uga bisa duwé teges dop utawa [[bola diyan]], diyan [[néon]]. Saliyané [[diyan neon]], uga ana diyan kang sumber énerginé saka [[lenga]], lan liya-liyané.
Kang nggawé diyan kang sepisanan yaiku [[Thomas Alfa Edison]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://inventors.about.com/od/estartinventors/a/Edison_Bio.htm inventors.about.com]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 7 Juni 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jinis ==

=== Incandescent Lamp ===
Diyan jinis iki uga diarani [[diyan pijar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Diyan iki umuré tuwa dhéwé amarga tinemu dhisik tinimbang diyan jinis liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Nganti saiki diyan jinis iki isih akèh dienggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Diyan pijar cahyané rupané [[kuning]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Cahya iki asalé saka pembakaran [[filamen]] ing sanjeroné bola diyan kaca.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Diyan pijar bisa awét nganti [[1.250]] [[jam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Diyan iki duwé umur pijar kang paling sithik tinimbang diyan-diyan liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; diyan pijar uga nggunakaké ènergi listrik paling akèh.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Mulané diyan iki kagolongaké diyan kang boros énérgi.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/12/01/08050148/mengenal.tipe.bola.diyan nasional.kompas.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 7 Juni 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fluorescent Lamp ===
Diyan iki uga diarani Diyan [[Neon]] utawa kerep diarani [[diyan TL]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Cahyané rupané [[putih]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Diyan neon duwé cahya kang luwih padhang tinimbang diyan liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Diyan neon kalebu diyan kang irit énérgi listrik lan awét.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Diyan neon bisa awét nganti [[10.000]] jam.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Nanging diyan neon ora cocog yèn dadi [[diyan aksén]] utawa [[spotkight]], cahya kang putih ora bisa mantulaké warna asli objek kang dipadhangi.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
===Diyan LED===
Diyan iki diyan sing paling hemat energi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://top-lamps.com/|title=Top Lamps {{!}} Lamp Reviews {{!}} Tech Gear Reviews -|website=top-lamps.com|language=en-US|access-date=2022-07-31|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820180529/http://www.top-lamps.com/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Pepadhang]]
[[Kategori:Diyan]]


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    <title>Masayu Anastasia</title>
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      <text bytes="3919" sha1="j8yh6dgpmdw73imgqq65z63bhhiod6o" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox person
| name = Masayu Anastasia
| image = Masayu anastasia-20070718-003-wawan.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|1|19}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birthname = 
| othername = 
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| occupation = [[Artis]], [[Model]]
| spouse = [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]] (bercerai) 
[[Robinson Malau]]
| partner =  
| children = Samara Anaya Amandari
| parents = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| website = 
| nationality = [[Indonesia]]
}}

'''Masayu Anastasia''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|19|1|1984}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Masayu Anastasia ya iku salah sijiné [[modhél]] lan [[aktris]] [[Indonesia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku Masayu uga akting ing [[sinétron]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Sinetron kang tau dibintangi Masayu Anastasia ya iku sinétron kang judhulé ''ABG'', ''Gengsi Gede-Gedean'', ''Haruskah Ku Mati'', ''Laila'', ''Karunia-Mu'', ''Setetes Embun'', ''Doiku Beken'', ''Cinta Merah Jambu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané sinétron, Masayu Anastasia uga tau dadi bintang filem kang judhulé [[Buruan Cium Gue]] dan [[Selamanya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané main filem lan main sinétron, Masayu Anastasia uga tau dadi modhél [[video klip]] [[Peterpan]] lan [[Ressa Herlambang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

Masayu Anastasia nikah karo salah sijiné [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor]] kang jenengé [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Masayu nikah nalika tanggal 6 Juli 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000237756.html Masayu - Lembu Nikah Disaksikan Keluarga dan Teman Dekat])(dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Sadurungé nikah karo [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]], Masayu Anastasia uga tau pacaran karo artis kang jenengé [[Jonathan Frizzy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku Masayu Anastasia uga tau cinlok karo aktor [[Hengky Kurniawan]] nalika main ing filem kang judhulé ''[[Buruan Cium Gue]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000019747.html Cinta Massayu Anastasia Tumbuh Karena Ciuman Hengky Kurniawan](dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanging pungkasané Masayu Anastasia banjur milih Lembu dadi pacangan uripé.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Nalika tanggal 19 Oktober 2009 Masayu Anastasia nglairaké anaké kang sepisanan banjur diwénéhi jeneng [[Samara Anaya Amandari]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

== Filmografi ==
Film kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* ''[[Buruan Cium Gue]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Selamanya]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Kawin Kontrak (filem)|Kawin Kontrak]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Pengantin Topeng]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Laskar Pemimpi]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Susah Jaga Keperawanan di Jakarta]]'' (2010)

== Sinetron ==
Sinetron kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* [[Janji Hati]]
* [[Jangan Ucapkan Cinta]]
* [[ABG]] 1&amp;2
* [[Setetes Embun]]
* [[Gengsi Gede-Gedean]]
* [[The Pakis 2]]
* [[Doiku Beken]]
* [[KaruniaMu]]
* [[Gadis Korek Api]]
* [[Toyib Minta Kawin]]
* [[Haruskah Ku Mati]]
* [[Laila]]
* [[Inikah Cinta]]
* [[Cinta Merah Jambu]]
* [[Aku Bukan Dia]]

== FTV ==
FTV kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* Cinta 117 kg
* Cinta Ke 50 (Bersama ''Calvin Ray'')
* Bos Ku Malang Bos Ku Sayang(Bersama [[Vino Bastian]])
* Sopir Taksi Jatuh Cinta (Bersama [[Mike Lewis]])
* Suamimu Suamiku Juga (Bersama [[Adam Jordan]])
* Juleha Kaya Mendadak (Bersama [[Ibnu Jamil]])

== Iklan ==
Iklan kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/masayu_anastasia/ Profil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504084929/http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/masayu_anastasia/ |date=2010-05-04 }} di KapanLagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

* Fresh &amp; Natural (2003)
* Mi Sedap (2004)
* Biore (2005)
* Buavita (2005)
* Panasonic (2005)
* Hers Protex (2006)
* Wall's Corneto (2006)

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]]


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      <text bytes="3919" sha1="gjbwj3zla7y9u75htmzggajh9uax1lx" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox person
| name = Masayu Anastasia
| image = Masayu anastasia-20070718-003-wawan.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|1|19}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birthname = 
| othername = 
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| occupation = [[Artis]], [[Model]]
| spouse = [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]] (bercerai) 
[[Robinson Malau]]
| partner =  
| children = Samara Anaya Amandari
| parents = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| website = 
| nationality = [[Indonesia]]
}}

'''Masayu Anastasia''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|19|1|1984}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Masayu Anastasia ya iku salah sijiné [[modhél]] lan [[aktris]] [[Indonesia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku Masayu uga akting ing [[sinétron]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Sinetron kang tau dibintangi Masayu Anastasia ya iku sinétron kang judhulé ''ABG'', ''Gengsi Gede-Gedean'', ''Haruskah Ku Mati'', ''Laila'', ''Karunia-Mu'', ''Setetes Embun'', ''Doiku Beken'', ''Cinta Merah Jambu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané sinétron, Masayu Anastasia uga tau dadi bintang filem kang judhulé [[Buruan Cium Gue]] dan [[Selamanya]].&lt;ref.name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané main filem lan main sinétron, Masayu Anastasia uga tau dadi modhél [[video klip]] [[Peterpan]] lan [[Ressa Herlambang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

Masayu Anastasia nikah karo salah sijiné [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor]] kang jenengé [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Masayu nikah nalika tanggal 6 Juli 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000237756.html Masayu - Lembu Nikah Disaksikan Keluarga dan Teman Dekat])(dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Sadurungé nikah karo [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]], Masayu Anastasia uga tau pacaran karo artis kang jenengé [[Jonathan Frizzy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku Masayu Anastasia uga tau cinlok karo aktor [[Hengky Kurniawan]] nalika main ing filem kang judhulé ''[[Buruan Cium Gue]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000019747.html Cinta Massayu Anastasia Tumbuh Karena Ciuman Hengky Kurniawan](dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanging pungkasané Masayu Anastasia banjur milih Lembu dadi pacangan uripé.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Nalika tanggal 19 Oktober 2009 Masayu Anastasia nglairaké anaké kang sepisanan banjur diwénéhi jeneng [[Samara Anaya Amandari]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

== Filmografi ==
Film kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* ''[[Buruan Cium Gue]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Selamanya]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Kawin Kontrak (filem)|Kawin Kontrak]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Pengantin Topeng]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Laskar Pemimpi]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Susah Jaga Keperawanan di Jakarta]]'' (2010)

== Sinetron ==
Sinetron kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* [[Janji Hati]]
* [[Jangan Ucapkan Cinta]]
* [[ABG]] 1&amp;2
* [[Setetes Embun]]
* [[Gengsi Gede-Gedean]]
* [[The Pakis 2]]
* [[Doiku Beken]]
* [[KaruniaMu]]
* [[Gadis Korek Api]]
* [[Toyib Minta Kawin]]
* [[Haruskah Ku Mati]]
* [[Laila]]
* [[Inikah Cinta]]
* [[Cinta Merah Jambu]]
* [[Aku Bukan Dia]]

== FTV ==
FTV kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* Cinta 117 kg
* Cinta Ke 50 (Bersama ''Calvin Ray'')
* Bos Ku Malang Bos Ku Sayang(Bersama [[Vino Bastian]])
* Sopir Taksi Jatuh Cinta (Bersama [[Mike Lewis]])
* Suamimu Suamiku Juga (Bersama [[Adam Jordan]])
* Juleha Kaya Mendadak (Bersama [[Ibnu Jamil]])

== Iklan ==
Iklan kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/masayu_anastasia/ Profil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504084929/http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/masayu_anastasia/ |date=2010-05-04 }} di KapanLagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

* Fresh &amp; Natural (2003)
* Mi Sedap (2004)
* Biore (2005)
* Buavita (2005)
* Panasonic (2005)
* Hers Protex (2006)
* Wall's Corneto (2006)

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]]


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| name = Masayu Anastasia
| image = Masayu anastasia-20070718-003-wawan.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|1|19}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birthname = 
| othername = 
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| occupation = [[Artis]], [[Model]]
| spouse = [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]] (bercerai) &lt;br&gt;
[[Robinson Malau]]
| partner =  
| children = Samara Anaya Amandari
| parents = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| website = 
| nationality = [[Indonesia]]
}}

'''Masayu Anastasia''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|19|1|1984}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Masayu Anastasia ya iku salah sijiné [[modhél]] lan [[aktris]] [[Indonesia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku Masayu uga akting ing [[sinétron]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Sinetron kang tau dibintangi Masayu Anastasia ya iku sinétron kang judhulé ''ABG'', ''Gengsi Gede-Gedean'', ''Haruskah Ku Mati'', ''Laila'', ''Karunia-Mu'', ''Setetes Embun'', ''Doiku Beken'', ''Cinta Merah Jambu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané sinétron, Masayu Anastasia uga tau dadi bintang filem kang judhulé [[Buruan Cium Gue]] dan [[Selamanya]].&lt;ref.name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané main filem lan main sinétron, Masayu Anastasia uga tau dadi modhél [[video klip]] [[Peterpan]] lan [[Ressa Herlambang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

Masayu Anastasia nikah karo salah sijiné [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor]] kang jenengé [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Masayu nikah nalika tanggal 6 Juli 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000237756.html Masayu - Lembu Nikah Disaksikan Keluarga dan Teman Dekat])(dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Sadurungé nikah karo [[Lembu Wiworo Jati]], Masayu Anastasia uga tau pacaran karo artis kang jenengé [[Jonathan Frizzy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku Masayu Anastasia uga tau cinlok karo aktor [[Hengky Kurniawan]] nalika main ing filem kang judhulé ''[[Buruan Cium Gue]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000019747.html Cinta Massayu Anastasia Tumbuh Karena Ciuman Hengky Kurniawan](dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanging pungkasané Masayu Anastasia banjur milih Lembu dadi pacangan uripé.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt; Nalika tanggal 19 Oktober 2009 Masayu Anastasia nglairaké anaké kang sepisanan banjur diwénéhi jeneng [[Samara Anaya Amandari]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

== Filmografi ==
Film kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* ''[[Buruan Cium Gue]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Selamanya]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Kawin Kontrak (filem)|Kawin Kontrak]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Pengantin Topeng]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Laskar Pemimpi]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Susah Jaga Keperawanan di Jakarta]]'' (2010)

== Sinetron ==
Sinetron kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* [[Janji Hati]]
* [[Jangan Ucapkan Cinta]]
* [[ABG]] 1&amp;2
* [[Setetes Embun]]
* [[Gengsi Gede-Gedean]]
* [[The Pakis 2]]
* [[Doiku Beken]]
* [[KaruniaMu]]
* [[Gadis Korek Api]]
* [[Toyib Minta Kawin]]
* [[Haruskah Ku Mati]]
* [[Laila]]
* [[Inikah Cinta]]
* [[Cinta Merah Jambu]]
* [[Aku Bukan Dia]]

== FTV ==
FTV kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;
* Cinta 117 kg
* Cinta Ke 50 (Bersama ''Calvin Ray'')
* Bos Ku Malang Bos Ku Sayang(Bersama [[Vino Bastian]])
* Sopir Taksi Jatuh Cinta (Bersama [[Mike Lewis]])
* Suamimu Suamiku Juga (Bersama [[Adam Jordan]])
* Juleha Kaya Mendadak (Bersama [[Ibnu Jamil]])

== Iklan ==
Iklan kang dibintangi Masayu Anastasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/masayu_anastasia/ Profil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504084929/http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/masayu_anastasia/ |date=2010-05-04 }} di KapanLagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

* Fresh &amp; Natural (2003)
* Mi Sedap (2004)
* Biore (2005)
* Buavita (2005)
* Panasonic (2005)
* Hers Protex (2006)
* Wall's Corneto (2006)

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]]


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    <title>Tika Panggabean</title>
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| image = Tika panggabean hen.jpg
| imagesize = 230px
| caption = Tika Panggabean
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|3}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birth_name = Kartika Rachel Setia Redjeki Panggabean
| other_name = Tika Project Pop
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| years_active = 1994 - saiki
| occupation = [[Artis]], [[Présènter]]
| nationality = [[Indonesia]]
| spouse = [[Herjunot Ali]]
| partner =  
| children = 
| parents = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| website = 
| religion = 
}}

'''Kartika Rachel Setia Redjeki Panggabean''' utawa kang luwih ditepungi kanthi jeneng '''Tika Panggabean''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|3|10|1970}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://www.movietei.com/celeb_detail.php?idx=747&amp;cel=Tika%20Panggabean movietei.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(diundhuh tanggal 9 September 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Tika Panggabean iku salah sijiné anggota grup musik komèdi [[Project Pop]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika ngugemi agama [[Kristen]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika Panggabean iku lulusan saka FISIP, [[Univèrsitas Parahyangan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Saliyané nyanyi, Tika Panggabean uga tau mandhu adicara &quot;Kuis Sunsilk Si Doel&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Acara iku disiyaraké ing salah sijiné stasiun [[tivi]] swasta ya iku [[RCTI]] nalika taun 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Saliyané ing donyaning musik, Tika Panggabean uga njajal kariré ing donyaning akting.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika Panggabean wis dadi bintang ing [[sinétron]] kang judhulé ''[[The Lajang]]'', ''[[OB (sinétron)|OB]]''. Ing sérial ''Office Boy'', Tika Panggabean akting dadi tokoh [[Mpok Odah]] ya iku kepala pérangan umum kang kerep meres anak buahé.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Aktingé Tika ing sinétron iki ndadèkaké sinétron iki éntuk rating kang dhuwur.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku, Tika Panggabean uga tau dadi présènter ing adicara tivi kaya ta ''[[Surprise-Surprise]]'' ing [[Trans TV]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika Panggabean uga tau dadi juri tamu ''[[Indonesian Idol]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Nalika iku, Tika Panggabean nggantèkaké [[Titi DJ]] lan [[Jamie Aditiya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Bareng karo ''Project Pop'', Tika wis nggawé album kang judhulé ''Project Pop I'', ''Lumpia VS Bakpia'', ''Project Pop II'' lan ''Tu Wa Ga Pat''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Nganti saiki Tika Panggabean isih aktif dadi komèdian lan présènter.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/t/tika_panggabean/ selebriti.kapanlagi.com](diundhuh tanggal 9 September 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Pelawak Indonésia]]


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| name = Tika Panggabean
| image = Tika panggabean hen.jpg
| imagesize = 230px
| caption = Tika Panggabean
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|3}}
| birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] 
| birth_name = Kartika Rachel Setia Redjeki Panggabean
| other_name = Tika Project Pop
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| years_active = 1994 - saiki
| occupation = [[Artis]], [[Présènter]]
| nationality = [[Indonesia]]
| spouse = [[Herjunot Ali]]
| partner =  
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| parents = 
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| religion = 
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'''Kartika Rachel Setia Redjeki Panggabean''' utawa kang luwih ditepungi kanthi jeneng '''Tika Panggabean''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|3|10|1970}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://www.movietei.com/celeb_detail.php?idx=747&amp;cel=Tika%20Panggabean movietei.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(diundhuh tanggal 9 September 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Tika Panggabean iku salah sijiné anggota grup musik komèdi [[Project Pop]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika ngugemi agama [[Kristen]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika Panggabean iku lulusan saka FISIP, [[Univèrsitas Parahyangan]],&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Saliyané nyanyi, Tika Panggabean uga tau mandhu adicara &quot;Kuis Sunsilk Si Doel&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Acara iku disiyaraké ing salah sijiné stasiun [[tivi]] swasta ya iku [[RCTI]] nalika taun 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Saliyané ing donyaning musik, Tika Panggabean uga njajal kariré ing donyaning akting.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika Panggabean wis dadi bintang ing [[sinétron]] kang judhulé ''[[The Lajang]]'', ''[[OB (sinétron)|OB]]''. Ing sérial ''Office Boy'', Tika Panggabean akting dadi tokoh [[Mpok Odah]] ya iku kepala pérangan umum kang kerep meres anak buahé.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Aktingé Tika ing sinétron iki ndadèkaké sinétron iki éntuk rating kang dhuwur.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku, Tika Panggabean uga tau dadi présènter ing adicara tivi kaya ta ''[[Surprise-Surprise]]'' ing [[Trans TV]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tika Panggabean uga tau dadi juri tamu ''[[Indonesian Idol]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Nalika iku, Tika Panggabean nggantèkaké [[Titi DJ]] lan [[Jamie Aditiya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Bareng karo ''Project Pop'', Tika wis nggawé album kang judhulé ''Project Pop I'', ''Lumpia VS Bakpia'', ''Project Pop II'' lan ''Tu Wa Ga Pat''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Nganti saiki Tika Panggabean isih aktif dadi komèdian lan présènter.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/t/tika_panggabean/ selebriti.kapanlagi.com](diundhuh tanggal 9 September 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Pelawak Indonésia]]


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  <page>
    <title>Catherine Wilson</title>
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      <parentid>1676042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T08:21:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheGuardian3</username>
        <id>67532</id>
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      <text bytes="4035" sha1="kzuzhfg11x82owiej6cg3kvlwdpr3rg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artis indonesia
| name = Catherine Wilson
| image = Catherinew87323.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = 
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1981|2|25}}  
| birthplace = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] 
| birthname = Catherine Wilson
| othername = 
| deathdate = 
| deathplace = 
| yearsactive = 
| occupation = [[artis]]
| spouse = [[Robinson Malau]]
| partner =  
| children = 
| parents = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| website = 
}}
'''Catherine Wilson''' ({{lahirmati||25|2|1981}}) ya iku salah sijiné [[modhèl]] saka [[Indonésia]] kang asih katurunan [[Inggris]] saka bapaké lan Indonésia-Arab saka ibuné.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/c/catherine_wilson/ biografi Catherine Wilson] dipununduh tanggal 18 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
Dhèwèké iku anak saka pasangan [[Peter Wilson]] lan [[Rosita]], Catherine kondhang dadi modhèl profésional lan
serius babagan apa kang lagi digarap déning dhèwèké.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
kaya ta donya akting kang nggawé jenengé tambah kondhang ning [[masarakat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Dhèwèké tambah kondhang ning [[masarakat]] amarga mbintangi [[filem]] kang judhulé PESAN DARI SURGA kang dibintangi bebarengan karo [[Luna Maya]] lan [[Rianti Cartwright]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Kasulistyan lan ''profesionalisme'' nalika dadi modhèl nggawé dhèwèké dadi hèing produk kecantikan [[Indonésia]], ora namung didadikaké modhèl dhèwèké uga
dadi ikon kanggo produk kecantikan mau.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Dhèwèké dadi bintang Mustika Ratu nggawé dhèwèké dadi bintang iklan produk, kaya ta Pasar Raya, Laurier, Bank Mandiri, Matahari Dept Store lan
laris dadi modhèl video klip penyanyi papan atas, kaya ta [[Ruth Sahanaya]], [[Chrisye]], [[Gigi]], lan [[Nukla]] tau nawari Catherine dadi modhèl ning vidio klipé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Donya panglipur ora gawé dhèwèké seneng, dhèwèké uga duwé restoran kang konsepé Cafe &amp; Lounge ning jalan Dago, [[Bandung]], ning tangal [[6 Juni]] [[2006]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Impian dadi modhèl, artis sintron, sukses ning donya bisnis, wis ana ning tangané, nanging dhèwèké kang karan-sebut dadu modhèl paling larang mahal
sawisé [[Oky Asokawati]] lan [[Arzetti Bilbina]] iki durung kapikiran kanggo duwé garwa lan esih duwékapinginan kanggo sukses ning kariré.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Suwe ora krungu kabaré, ning sasi [[Fèbruari]] [[2009]] Keket dilaporaké marang pulisi déning [[Andi Soraya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Sakloron tukaran amarga kadadian ning acara Kelapa Club Pecatu, Bali nalika tanggal 10 Fèbruari 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Malahm amarga kasus kasubut jeneng [[Tommy Soeharto]] kang lagi cedhak karo Keket mèlu keseret ning kasus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Ora namung akting, dhèwèké uga duwé kepenginan kanggo nyoba ning donya musik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Ning wektu kang ora suwé dhèwèké bakal ngerilis album.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Ning taun 2011, dhèwèké olih tawaran kanggo dadi paraga ning filem kang judhulé ''ARTI SAHABAT'' kang diputer ning [[Indosiar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 2&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/sinetron-baru-catherine-wilson-perankan-antagonis.html berita Catherine Wilson] dipununduh tanggal 18 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
Ning [[filem]] mau dhèwèké meranaké tokoh antagonis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 2&quot;/&gt;

== Filmografi ==
* ''[[Cinta Silver]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Pesan Dari Surga]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Lewat Tengah Malam]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Tali Pocong Perawan]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Oh Baby]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Tipu Kanan Tipu Kiri]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Merem Melek]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Capres|Capres (Calo Présidhèn)]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Punk In Love]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Jeritan Kuntilanak]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Pocong Keliling]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Pengantin Pasisir Biru (filem 2010)|Pengantin Pasisir Biru]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Rintihan Kuntilanak Perawan]]'' (2010)

== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Éropah-Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Modhèl Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]]


{{indo-bio-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>kzuzhfg11x82owiej6cg3kvlwdpr3rg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731073</id>
      <parentid>1731072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T08:21:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>103.138.49.15</ip>
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      <text bytes="4035" sha1="kn4u7mhxpyrrgge2rectsv8p4ua6p17" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artis indonesia
| name = Catherine Wilson
| image = Catherinew87323.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = 
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1981|2|25}}  
| birthplace = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] 
| birthname = Catherine Wilson
| othername = 
| deathdate = 
| deathplace = 
| yearsactive = 
| occupation = [[artis]]
| spouse = [[Robinson Malau]]
| partner =  
| children = 
| parents = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| website = 
}}
'''Catherine Wilson''' ({{lahirmati||25|2|1981}}) ya iku salah sijiné [[modhèl]] saka [[Indonésia]] kang asih katurunan [[Inggris]] saka bapaké lan Indonésia-Arab saka ibuné.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;&gt;[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/c/catherine_wilson/ biografi Catherine Wilson] dipununduh tanggal 18 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
Dhèwèké iku anak saka pasangan [[Peter Wilson]] lan [[Rosita]]. Catherine kondhang dadi modhèl profésional lan
serius babagan apa kang lagi digarap déning dhèwèké.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
kaya ta donya akting kang nggawé jenengé tambah kondhang ning [[masarakat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Dhèwèké tambah kondhang ning [[masarakat]] amarga mbintangi [[filem]] kang judhulé PESAN DARI SURGA kang dibintangi bebarengan karo [[Luna Maya]] lan [[Rianti Cartwright]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Kasulistyan lan ''profesionalisme'' nalika dadi modhèl nggawé dhèwèké dadi hèing produk kecantikan [[Indonésia]], ora namung didadikaké modhèl dhèwèké uga
dadi ikon kanggo produk kecantikan mau.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Dhèwèké dadi bintang Mustika Ratu nggawé dhèwèké dadi bintang iklan produk, kaya ta Pasar Raya, Laurier, Bank Mandiri, Matahari Dept Store lan
laris dadi modhèl video klip penyanyi papan atas, kaya ta [[Ruth Sahanaya]], [[Chrisye]], [[Gigi]], lan [[Nukla]] tau nawari Catherine dadi modhèl ning vidio klipé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Donya panglipur ora gawé dhèwèké seneng, dhèwèké uga duwé restoran kang konsepé Cafe &amp; Lounge ning jalan Dago, [[Bandung]], ning tangal [[6 Juni]] [[2006]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Impian dadi modhèl, artis sintron, sukses ning donya bisnis, wis ana ning tangané, nanging dhèwèké kang karan-sebut dadu modhèl paling larang mahal
sawisé [[Oky Asokawati]] lan [[Arzetti Bilbina]] iki durung kapikiran kanggo duwé garwa lan esih duwékapinginan kanggo sukses ning kariré.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Suwe ora krungu kabaré, ning sasi [[Fèbruari]] [[2009]] Keket dilaporaké marang pulisi déning [[Andi Soraya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Sakloron tukaran amarga kadadian ning acara Kelapa Club Pecatu, Bali nalika tanggal 10 Fèbruari 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Malahm amarga kasus kasubut jeneng [[Tommy Soeharto]] kang lagi cedhak karo Keket mèlu keseret ning kasus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Ora namung akting, dhèwèké uga duwé kepenginan kanggo nyoba ning donya musik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;
Ning wektu kang ora suwé dhèwèké bakal ngerilis album.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 1&quot;/&gt;

Ning taun 2011, dhèwèké olih tawaran kanggo dadi paraga ning filem kang judhulé ''ARTI SAHABAT'' kang diputer ning [[Indosiar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 2&quot;&gt;[http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/sinetron-baru-catherine-wilson-perankan-antagonis.html berita Catherine Wilson] dipununduh tanggal 18 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
Ning [[filem]] mau dhèwèké meranaké tokoh antagonis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Catherine 2&quot;/&gt;

== Filmografi ==
* ''[[Cinta Silver]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Pesan Dari Surga]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Lewat Tengah Malam]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Tali Pocong Perawan]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Oh Baby]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Tipu Kanan Tipu Kiri]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Merem Melek]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Capres|Capres (Calo Présidhèn)]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Punk In Love]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Jeritan Kuntilanak]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Pocong Keliling]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Pengantin Pasisir Biru (filem 2010)|Pengantin Pasisir Biru]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Rintihan Kuntilanak Perawan]]'' (2010)

== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Éropah-Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Modhèl Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]]


{{indo-bio-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>kn4u7mhxpyrrgge2rectsv8p4ua6p17</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Veronica Felicia Kumala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-23T20:42:07Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6125" sha1="c73ylytkmvnj3xxx7ykzjqi9ztt58x2" xml:space="preserve">'''Veronica Felicia Kumala''' ya iku salah sijiné pambiwara ing acara [[Ceriwis]] kang disiaraké [[Trans TV]] sabén dina [[Sétu]] lan [[Ahad]] jam sanga ésuk.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://pramborsfm.com/new/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7082:cici-panda-menemani-kawula-muda-selama-9-tahun&amp;catid=166:news-jakarta&amp;Itemid=378 Cici Panda Menemani Kawula Muda Selama 9 tahun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113112051/http://pramborsfm.com/new/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7082:cici-panda-menemani-kawula-muda-selama-9-tahun&amp;catid=166:news-jakarta&amp;Itemid=378 |date=2011-11-13 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Dhèwèké yèn ana ing omah kerep diundang Felis, nanging yèn lagi ana ing [[TV]] utawa lagi giyaran dhèwèké nganggo jeneng Panda.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://www.tabloidnova.com/Nova/Selebriti/Profil-Selebriti/Berkah-Nyablak-Felicia-Panda-Kumala Berkah Nyablak Felicia 'Panda' Kumala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211031302/http://www.tabloidnova.com/Nova/Selebriti/Profil-Selebriti/Berkah-Nyablak-Felicia-Panda-Kumala |date=2013-02-11 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Diundang Panda, amarga jaman [[SMA]] dhèwèké duwé awak lemu lan amarga kesuwèn nganggo kacamata kulit sakiwa-tengené mripaté dadi ireng persis kaya panda.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Awèt iku Veronica Felicia Kumala luwih kerep diundang Panda nganti saiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Panda lair tanggal [[9]] [[Fèbruari]] [[1983]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Tahun [[2001]], sawisé lulus saka SMAK Sang Timur dhèwèké nerusaké kuliyah ing [[London School of Public Relation]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Alesané ngapa kok milih sekolah iku amarga mung ora péngén ketemu karo mata kuliyah kang ana gayutané karo itung-itungan.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Asliné Panda uga seneng nari lan kepéngén neruskaké kuliyah ing [[IKJ]] nanging ora olih karo wong tuwané kang duwé anggepan masa depan seniman ora jelas.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;
Tanggal [[19]] [[Dhésèmber]] [[2009]] ing [[Gréja Sathora Bojong Indah]] Panda lan Marcel Aditya nikah.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;&gt;[http://oktavita.com/foto-pernikahan-cici-panda-dan-marcel-aditya.htm Pernikahan Cici Panda dan Marcel Aditya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208010305/http://oktavita.com/foto-pernikahan-cici-panda-dan-marcel-aditya.htm |date=2013-02-08 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Setahun sawisé banjur lair Alika Anabel Tantri, anak wadon siji-sijiné.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;&gt;[http://www.tribunnews.com/2011/03/18/panda-lebih-repot-punya-anak-ketimbang-banyak-kerjaan Panda: Lebih Repot Punya Anak daripada Banyak Kerjaan] (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Saiki Panda wis ora giyaran manèh, saliyané ngrumat anaké kerjaané saben dina ya iku dadi pambiwara ing acara-acara TV.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet4&quot;/&gt;

== Penyiar Pambors ==
Sadurungé Panda dadi pambicara kang kaloka kaya saiki, dhèwèké miwiti karier saka [[Penyiar Radio]] ing [[Prambors]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Akèh wong kang ora percaya Panda bisa betah nglakoni siarané apa ora, jalaran dhèwèké kejatah giyaran saben èsuk jam lima.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Nanging Panda bisa mbuktekaké dhèwèké bisa, malah saiki wis akèh program [[Radio]] kang digawakaké dhèwèké dadi sukses.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt; Conto program kang tau digawakaké Panda ya iku SIAP, DJ Kamoe, Panda Berkokok lan kang pungkasané Putuss Sama Panda.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
Kira-kira arep sangang taun Panda dadi penyiar ing Prambors.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Penggemaré uga wis akèh ing saben kutha.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Nanging pas ing tanggal 11 november 2011 Panda giyaran kang pungkasan.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Wiwit iku Panda wis ora giyaran manèh. Dhèwèké luwih kereb ditemoni ing layar TV.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;/&gt;

== Pambiwara Katakan Cinta ==
Pisanan Panda dadi Pambiwara [[TV]] ya iku ing acara Katakan Cinta kang digiyaraké [[RCTI]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;&gt;[http://www.indoswara.com/view.php?pg=2009/08/21082009/2861&amp;judul=katakan%20cinta%20dengan%20cinta Katakan Cinta dengan Cinta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707184151/http://indoswara.com/view.php?pg=2009/08/21082009/2861&amp;judul=katakan%20cinta%20dengan%20cinta |date=2012-07-07 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Program iki ya iku program kanggo cah enom kang arep nyatakake rasa seneng marang wong kang disenengi.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Program iki digiyaraké wiwit tanggal [[19]] [[Januari]] [[2003]] ing [[RCTI]] saben dina Ahad jam 16.30 [[WIB]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Rikala semono Katakan Cinta tau kapilih dadi acara reality show paling favorit ing ajang penghargaan [[Panasonic Award]] taun [[2003]] lan nominator reality show paling Favorit [[Panasonic]] Awards [[2004]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt;
== Pambiwara Termehek-mehek ==
Bareng karo [[Mandala Soji]], Panda dadi pambiwara ing program Termehek-mehek.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;&gt;[http://www.mytrans.com/programs/30/termehek-mehek/ about termehek-mehek] (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; Program iki disiaraké déning [[Trans TV]] saben dina Setu lan Ahad 18.30 WIB.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt; Program iki tayang ing [[TV]] wiwit tanggal [[3]] [[Mèi]] [[2008]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt;
Termehek-mehek uga pikantuk penghargaan saka [[Panasonic Awards]] taun [[2009]] mawa program reality show favorit dhéwé lan ratinge paling dhuwur.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt; Sasi [[Juli]] [[2009]] posisiné Panda dianggoni déning [[Prisia Nasution]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt;

== Pambiwara Ceriwis ==
Bareng kaliyan [[Indra Bekti]], [[Ruben Onsu]], [[Rizna Nyctagina|Nigta Gina]] lan Pam-pam, Panda nggawakake program [[Ceriwis]] saben dina Setu lan Ahad jam 9.00 nganti jam 10.00 WIB.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet7&quot;&gt;[http://tvguide.co.id/program_acara_rutin/ceriwis-trans-tv/39404 Profil Ceriwis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195031/http://tvguide.co.id/program_acara_rutin/ceriwis-trans-tv/39404 |date=2016-03-04 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Juni 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Artis]]
[[Kategori:Hiburan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elang tikus</title>
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      <text bytes="10083" sha1="hav5nasu1cu4xoomyfxvspg516nmhdc" xml:space="preserve">{{rapèkaké}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Garudha Tikus
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{IUCN2009.2|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2009|id=144319|title=Elanus caeruleus|downloaded=11 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus) in Kawal WS, AP W IMG 1681.jpg
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Accipitriformes]]
| familia = [[Accipitridae]]
| genus = ''[[Elanus]]''
| species = '''''E. caeruleus'''''
| binomial = ''Elanus caeruleus''
| binomial_authority = [[Rene Louiche Desfontaines|Desfontaines]], 1789
| synonyms = ''Elanus melanopterus''
}}
[[File:Elanus caeruleus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.94.10.jpg|thumb| ''Elanus caeruleus'']]

'''Garudha tikus''' (Elanus caeruleus)&lt;ref name=4raptor&gt;{{cite web |url=http://4raptor.wordpress.com/2012/05/02/garudha-tikus/ |title=Garudha Tikus |author=A.P., Asman |date=2 May 2012 |work= |publisher= }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(Kaunduh 18/12/12)&lt;/ref&gt; ya iku manuk Pemangsa diurnal kang ukurané cilik sajeroning familia ''Accipitridae'' kang kaloka amarga kebiasaané melakang sajeroning padang rumput kaya kebiasaané ''kestrel'' kang ukurané cilik. Spesies Eurasia lan [[Afrika]] iki kadang-kadang digabung karo spésies [[Australia]] Garudha Bahu-ireng (Elanus axillaris) lan Garudha Buntut-putih (Elanus leucurus) saka lor lan kidul Amérika kang bebarengan minangka superspesies. Garudha iki kas, kanti swiwi dawa, putih, sarta wulu klawu lan ireng uga mèh padha manuk kucingan kanti mata kang madep mengarep. Sanajan mligi katon ing dataran, dhèwèké kadang katon pèrèng-pèrèngan ing kawasan keduwuran kang luwih dudur ing Asia. Dewéké ora kalebu pengembara, ananing dhèwèké nggawé pergerakan jarak cepak minangka réspon tumpraping cuaca.

== Deskripsi ==
Ukuran 30&amp;nbsp;cm. Warnané [[putih]], klawu lan [[ireng]]. Ana tanda ireng ing bahu, wulu primer ireng dawa kas.&lt;ref name=&quot;hariyanto&quot;/&gt; Yenta dhèwèké wis diwasa, dewéké ciri-ciriné: ana makutha ing geger, swiwi pelindung lan pérangan pucuk buntut wernane klawu.&lt;ref name=4raptor/&gt; Rai, gulu lan pérangan ngisor putih, pucuk wernane ireng dan kaki wernane kuning.&lt;ref name=hariyanto/&gt; Ing jinis manuk kang isih enom, iris mripaté wernane kuning, ananing nalika wis diwasa iris mripaté berubah dadi abang.&lt;ref name=hariyanto&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blogmhariyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/burung-alap-alap-tikus-elanus-caeruleus.html |title=burung ALAP ALAP TIKUS (Elanus Caureleus) |author=Hariyanto, M.  |date= |work= |publisher= }}(Kaunduh 18/12/12)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribusi lan habitat ==

Garudha tikus wujud spésies utama dataran terbuka lan semi-ara-ara ing sub-Sahara Afrika lan wewengkon tropis [[Asia]], anannging dhèwèké duwé kalungguhan ing [[Éropah]], ya iku ing [[Spanyol]] lan [[Portugal]]. Persebaran spésies katone ngrembaka ing kidul Éropah lan kemungkinan ing Asia kulon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00845.x|author=Balbontin J, JJ Negro, NH Sarasola, JJ Ferrero &amp; D Rivera|year=2008|title=Land-use changes may explain the recent range expansion of the Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus  in southern Europe|journal=Ibis|volume=150|issue=4|pages=707–716|url=http://www.ebd.csic.es/jnegro/articulos%20negro/Land-use%20changes%20may%20explain%20the%20recent%20range%20expansion%20of%20the%20Black-shouldered%20Kite%20Elanus%20caeruleus%20in%20southern%20Europe.pdf|access-date=2012-12-18|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307005859/http://www.ebd.csic.es/jnegro/articulos%20negro/Land-use%20changes%20may%20explain%20the%20recent%20range%20expansion%20of%20the%20Black-shouldered%20Kite%20Elanus%20caeruleus%20in%20southern%20Europe.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The first records, including breeding, of Black-winged Kite ''Elanus caeruleus'' in Iraq|author= Salim, M. A.| journal=Sandgrouse|year=2002| volume=24| issue=2| pages=136–137}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| author=Sehatisabet M.E., Musavi S.B., Bakhtiari P., Moghaddas D., Hamidi N., Nezami B., Khaleghizadeh A.| year=2006| title=Further significant extensions of migrant distribution and breeding and wintering ranges in Iran for over sixty species| journal=Sandgrouse| volume=28| issue=2| pages=146–155| url=http://wildlife.ir/Files/library/Further%20significant%20extension%20of%20migrant%20distribution%20and%20breeding%20and%20wintering%20ranges%20in%20Iran%20for%20over%20sixty%20species%20%C2%A0%282006%29.pdf| access-date=2012-12-18| archive-date=2011-07-22| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722015802/http://wildlife.ir/Files/library/Further%20significant%20extension%20of%20migrant%20distribution%20and%20breeding%20and%20wintering%20ranges%20in%20Iran%20for%20over%20sixty%20species%20%C2%A0(2006).pdf| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pirang-pirang populasi géografis dikukuhaké minangka subspesies lan iki kalebu nominasi subspesies kang kadadéan ing Spanyol, Afrika lan Arabia. Subspesies vociferus ditemokakake ing wétan persebaran lan Asia pérangan kidul tumuju marang Asia Tenggara. Sedawa [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], [[Kalimantan]] lan subspesies [[Filipina]] hypoleucus (kadang-kadang dianggep spésies penuh) tinemu sawatara subspesies wahgiensis amung kawates ing Guinea Baru. Subspesies sumatranus ora mesti diakui. Alap-alap buntut-putih lan Alap-alap Bahu-ireng mbiene dipadakake karo spésies iki nanging wis sui, alap-alap bahu-ireng diperlakukan minangka spésies kang  béda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Clark, W.S. &amp; Banks, R.C.|year=1992|title=The taxonomic status of the White-tailed Kite|journal=Wilson Bull.|volume=104|issue=4|pages=571–579|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v104n04/p0571-p0579.pdf|access-date=2012-12-18|archive-date=2012-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612083102/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v104n04/p0571-p0579.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Hussain, K. Z.|year=1959|title=Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the gènus ''Elanus''|journal=Condor|volume=61|issue=2|pages=153–154|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v061n02/p0153-p0154.pdf|access-date=2012-12-18|archive-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829051230/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v061n02/p0153-p0154.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanajan tinemu mligi ing daratan, dhèwèké uga katon ing dataran dhuwur ing Sikkim (3650m),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Ganguli-Lachungpa,Usha |year=1990| title= Blackwinged Kite ''Elanus caeruleus vociferus'' (Latham) at 3650 m in Sikkim| journal= J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.|volume=87|issue=1|page=142}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nilgiris (Doddabetta, 2670m)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| author=Krishna MB |year=1979| title= The range of the Blackwinged Kite| journal= Newsletter for Birdwatchers|volume=19|issue=7|page=10|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/NLBW19_7#page/n10/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan Nagaland (2020m).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/NLBW36_5#page/n13/mode/1up/ |author=Choudhury,A |year=1996| title=New elevation record for Black-winged Kite from Nagaland| journal= Newsletter for Birdwatchers| volume=36| issue=5|page=96}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nilgiris (Doddabetta, 2670m)[10]
Déwéké uga diarani pengunjung ing mangsa dingin ing pira-pira pérangan persebaran dhèwèké kaya Ghat Kulon..&lt;ref name=hbk&gt;{{cite book|author=Ali, S &amp; S D Ripley| title=Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan|edition=2|publisher=Oxford University Press|volume= 1|year= 1978 |pages =212–214|isbn=0-19-562063-1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Status lan konservasi ==
Perdagangan Internasional: Appendix II, bisa diperdagangake kanti pengaturan katentu. Lan pamaréntah [[Indonésia]] nglindungi garudha tikus kanti PP nomer 7 taun 1999.&lt;ref name=hariyanto/&gt;&lt;ref name=kutilang/&gt;

== Basa Liya ==
* [[Basa Ceko]]:luněc šedý&lt;ref name=avibase&gt;{{cite web |url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=ID&amp;avibaseid=97C47F3E1BA4129A |title=Garudha Tikus (Elanus caeruleus) (Desfontaines, 1789) |last1=Lepage |first1=Denis |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher=Avibase }}(Kaunduh 18/12/12)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Basa Jerman]]:Gleitaar&lt;ref name=avibase/&gt;
* [[Basa Finlan]]:liitohaukka&lt;ref name=avibase/&gt;
* [[Basa Jepang]]:カタグロトビ ('''katagurotobi''')&lt;ref name=avibase/&gt;
* [[Basa Swedia]]:Svartvingad glada&lt;ref name=avibase/&gt;
* [[Basa Dhénemarken]]:Blå Glente&lt;ref name=avibase/&gt;

== Réferènsi ==&lt;!-- Forktail13:109. --&gt;
{{reflist|3}}

== Sumber liya ==
* Hume, AO (1872) On the breeding of ''Elanus Melanopterus''. Stray Feathers 1(1):21-26
* Hodgson, BH (1837) On the structure and habits of the ''Elanus melanopterus''. Madras Jour. Lit. Sc. 6, 75-78.
* Goriup, P. D. 1981. Observations on a pair of Black-winged Kites (Elanus cueruleus) in eastern Portugal. Arq. Mus. Bocage, ser. B, 1:65-79.
* Naoroji, Rishad (1986) Communal gathering of Blackwinged Kites (''Elanus caeruleus vociferus''). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Supp):200-201.
* Harris T &amp; C. Walters (1982) Chromosomal sexing of the Black Shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus) (Aves: Accipitridae). Genetica 60(1):19-20 1982 {{doi|10.1007/BF00121451}}
* {{cite journal|title= Communal roosting and diet of black-shouldered kites (''Elanus caeruleus'') wintering in southwestern Spain |author=Parejo, D. Aviles, J. M. Ferrero, J. J. Rivera, D. Casas, J. M.|journal=J. Raptor Research|year=2001|volume=35| issue=2| pages=162–164 }}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{Commons category|Elanus caeruleus}}
{{wikispecies|Elanus caeruleus}}
* (Black-winged Kite=) Black-shouldered Kite - [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/127.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds]
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/common-black-shouldered-kite-elanus-caeruleus? Photographs, videos and calls]
* [http://www.fobi.web.id/v/aves/f-acc/ela-car FOBI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826035600/http://www.fobi.web.id/v/aves/f-acc/ela-car |date=2010-08-26 }}

[[Kategori:Manuk India]]
[[Kategori:Manuk Afrika]]
[[Kategori:Manuk Indonésia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>A. Damhoeri</title>
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      <text bytes="5259" sha1="g2ewwhl5f710stalmocr05qeovou8jt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer &lt;!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]]. --&gt; 
| image         = A. Damhoeri, ADH 0006 A. Damhoeri - Nakoda Tenggang.pdf, p. 52.png
| image_size    = 250
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
| pseudonym     = 
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1915|8|31}}
| birth_place   = [[Payakumbuh]], [[Sumatra Barat]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|2000|10|6|1915|8|31}}
| death_place   = [[Jorong Lurah Bukik]], [[Sumatra Barat]]
| resting_place = 
| occupation    = 
| language      = Basa Indonésia
| nationality   = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]]
| ethnicity     = [[Malayu]]
| citizenship   = Indonésia
| education     = 
| alma_mater    = 
| period        = 
| genre         = 
| subject       = 
| movement      = 
| notableworks  = 
| spouse        = 
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| influences    = 
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| awards        = 
| signature     = 
| signature_alt = 
| website       =  
}}

'''A. Damhoeri''' ({{lahirmati|[[Batu Payung|Payakumbuh]], [[Sumatra Kulon]]|31|8|1915|[[Sumatra Kulon|Jorong Lurah Bukik]]|6|10|2000}}). Setelah lulus Sekolah Normal (1943) ia menjadi [[guru]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Damhoeri1&quot;&gt;Rampan, Korrie. Leksikon Sastra Indonésia. Balai Pustaka, 2000, Jakarta. Halaman 16.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Dhèwèké wiwit ngarang awit taun [[1931]] lan pernah dikunjara suwéné 4 wulan amarga ''delik pers'' babagan artikelé &quot;Timor, Ranah Airku&quot; kang dimuat ing harian Persamaan ing Padang, 1937&lt;ref name=&quot;Damhoeri1&quot;/&gt;

== Biografi ==
Jeneng lengkap Penulis iki ya iku Ahmad Damhoeri. Saben dina-dinane A. Damhoeri akrab diceluk A. dam, Bung Adam, Pak Adam, lan A. damhoeri Pengarang.r&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.

A. Damhoeri ngawali pendhidhikane ing Sekolah Gobernemen, kelas 2 ing Bangkinang lan rampung taun 1928. Nalika wektu iku, Sekolah Gobernemen kondhang kanti jeneng Jongen Vervoischool suwéné 2 taun lan wujud sekolah lanjutan saka Sekolah Désa kang suwéné telung taun&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;&gt;[http://www.harianhaluan.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=9831:ziarah-mengenang-sastrawan-a-damhoeri&amp;catid=21:khas&amp;Itemid=190 Harian Haluan, 1 November 2011, Ziarah Mengenang Sastrawan A Damhoeri, . Situs Harian Haluan]{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(Kaunduh 5/2/13)&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sawisé tamat saka sekolah Gober­nemen, Damhoeri nerusaké Sekolah Normal ing Padang Panjang, pendhidhikan ing sekolah normal iki dirampungake nalika taun 1943. Saka sekolah iku, dhèwèké éntuk ijazah lan dadi dhokumèn wigati banget kanggone. Pendhidhikan formale amung nganti Sekolah Normal, seteruse dhèwèké sianu ngèlmu sastra, agama, lan liyané kanthi atodidak. Ijazah kang dietuki ya iku modal dhasar kanggo dadi guru, saéngga nalika taun 1934 A. Damhoeri wiwit makarya dadi guru&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.

Skliyane aktif ing dunya pendhidhikan, A. Damhoeri uga nggeluti babagan kabudayan. Dhèwèké pernah njabat kepala Inspeksi Kebudayaan ing Sumatera. Saliyané iku, uga aktif ing dunya penerbitan. Karire ing babagan tulis menulis awalé saka Majalah Taman Kanak-Kanak Panji Pustaka&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.
Tahun 1932-1934 A. Damhoeri wiwit mbantu kalawarta Panji Pustaka kango majukake dunya kesusasteraan. Banjur 1938-1939 dadi redaktur Majalah Dunya Pengalaman, taun 1934-1936 dadi guru sekolah désa, taun 1938-1940 mulang ing Sekolah Gemente Medan, 1940-1942 mulang ing HIS Medest Medan, taun 1943 -1946 mulang ing Sekolah Sambungan Payakumbuh, taun 1947-1956 Kepala Sekolah ing Sitanang Payakumbuh, taun 1956-1958 dadi Kepala Seksi Kese­nian Perwakilan Laladan Kebudayaan Sumatera Tengah Bukit Tinggi&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.
Nalika taun 1960-1963 dadi Kepala Seksi Kesenian Inspeksi Laladan Kebudayaan Sumatra Kulon, taun 1964-1971 Kepala Inspesi Kebudayaan Laladan I Kota Paya­kumbuh, taun 1947 minangka Ketua Komite Nasional Batupayung lan taun 1946 dadi anggota siding pengarang, Departemen Wiyata lan Kebudayaan ing Bukit Tinggi&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.

== Riwayat Pengarang ==
Ketertarikan A. Damhoeri sajrone dunya tulis menulis wis katon awit dhèwèké jagong ing sekolah dhasar. Nalika usia 20 taun, dhèwèké ngrampungaké novèl pertamanya golèk Jodoh kang diterbitkan Balai Pustaka taun 1935. Golek Jodoh lagi disenengi wong waktu iku lan bolan-balen dicetak ulang&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.

Saliyané nulis menulis novèl, dhèwèké uga nulis carita cendak, carita anak, awit sarta buku wulangan sekolah lan pernah uga nulis teka-teki silang waktu ngasuh ruwang Kesusasteraan ing kalawarta “Panji Pustaka”&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.

Sajrone riwayat uripé A. Damhoeri kalebu salah siji pawongan pengarang ing 3 jaman, ya iku jaman penjajahan Walanda, jaman penjajahan Jepang lan jaman kemerdekaan. Nalika jaman Walanda njajah nagari iki, A.Damhoeri migunakaké sesinglon, ya iku Aria Diningrat&lt;ref name=&quot;damhoeri2&quot;/&gt;.

== Pratélan Karya ==
Pirang-pirang Karyané sajeroning wujud novèl:
* Telaga Darah
* Garis Demarkasi

Lan pira-pira karya lliyané kang wujud carita anak:
* Terompah Usang yang Tak Sudah Dijahit
* Domba Kencana
* Petualangan si Hitam
* Menempuh Jalan Buntu
* Nakoda Tenggang (1975)

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Sastrawan Indonésia]]</text>
      <sha1>g2ewwhl5f710stalmocr05qeovou8jt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>David Tennant</title>
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      <text bytes="41178" sha1="il0iymvj2gxcv6h62i6ahno6moaqd99" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox actor
|bgcolour      = 
|name          = David Tennant
|image         = 2009 07 31 David Tennant smile 09.jpg
|imagesize     = 200px
|caption       = 
|birthname     = David John McDonald
|birthdate     = {{birth date and age|1971|4|18}}
|location      = {{Flagicon|Britania raya}} [[Sekotlan]]
|deathplace    =
|height        = 185 cm
|othername     = 
|yearsactive   = 1987 - saiki
|spouse        = 
|homepage      = 
|occupation    = [[Artis]]
}}
'''David Tennant''' ({{lahirmati|[[West Lothian]], [[Sekotlan]], [[Karajan Manunggal]]|18|4|1971}};lair:David John McDonald) punika [[aktor]] asal [[Sekotlan]]. Panjenenganipun minangka serves [[Giacomo Casanova]] ing [[filem]] [[Casanova]]. Dhèwèké uga dadi ''Barty Crouch, Jr.'' ing [[filem]] [[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (filem)|Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]].

==Filmografi==

===Tipi===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun
! Judhul
! Cawe
! Wigati
|-
| 1987 || Anti-smoking filem || Jim&lt;ref name=&quot;Cook&quot;/&gt; || Glasgow Health Board [[Public service announcement|PSA]]
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Dramarama (siri TV)|Dramarama]]'' || Neil McDonald || Series 6, Episode 13: &quot;[[Dramarama (TV series)#Episodes|The Secret of Croftmore]]&quot;
|-
| 1992 || ''Strathblair''|| Hiker || Siri 1
|-
| 1992 || ''Bunch of Five'' || Policeman || Siri 1, Episod 5: &quot;Miles Better&quot;
|-
| 1993 || ''The Brown Man'' || Ventriloquist&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1059847/ | title=IMDb isting &quot;The Brown Man&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Rab C Nesbitt]]'' || Davina || Siri 3, Episod 2: &quot;[[Rab C Nesbitt#Episodes|Touch]]&quot;
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Takin' Over the Asylum]]'' || Campbell Bain ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[The Bill]]'' || Steve Clemens || Siri 11, Episod 128: &quot;[[List of The Bill episodes/11#Series 11 (1995)|Deadline]]&quot;
|-
| 1995 || ''[[The Tales of Para Handy]]'' || John MacBryde || Siri 2, Episod 2: &quot;Para Handy's Piper&quot;
|-
| 1996 || ''A Mug's Game'' || Gavin || Siri 1, Episod 4
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Holding the Baby]]'' || Juru rawat || Siri 1, Episod 2
|-
| 1997 || ''Conjuring Shakespeare'' || Angelo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |first=David |last=Cote |title=David Tennant's Hamlet comes to America…on filem |url=http://www3.timeoutny.com/newyork/upstaged/2009/05/david-tennants-hamlet-comes-to-america%E2%80%A6on-film/ |work=Time Out |date=Mei 2009 |accessdate=10 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Episod 6: &quot;Like a Virgin&quot; (muncul dalam adegan dari ''[[Measure for Measure]]'')
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Duck Patrol]]'' || Simon &quot;Darwin&quot; Brown ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[The Mrs Bradley Mysteries]]'' || Max Valentine || Siri 2, Episod 1: &quot;[[The Mrs Bradley Mysteries#1999 (4 episodes, approximately 60 minutes)|Death at the Opera]]&quot;
|-
| 1999 || ''Love in the 21st Century'' || John || Episod 1: &quot;Reproduction&quot;
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Randall &amp; Hopkirk (Deceased)]]'' || Gordon Stylus || Siri 1, Episod 1: &quot;[[Randall &amp; Hopkirk (Deceased)#Series 1|Drop Dead]]&quot;
|-
| 2001 || ''[[People Like Us (mockumentary)|People Like Us]]'' || Rob Harker || Siri 2, Episod 4: &quot;[[People Like Us (mockumentary)#TV series|The Actor]]&quot;
|-
| 2001 || ''[[High Stakes (sitkom)|High Stakes]]'' || Gaz Whitney || Siri 2, Episod 1: &quot;The Magic Word&quot;
|-
| 2001 || ''Only Human'' || Tyler || Juru terbang
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Foyle's War]]'' || Theo Howard || Siri 1, Episod 3: &quot;[[Foyle's War Series One#&quot;A Lesson in Murder&quot;|A Lesson in Murder]]&quot;
|-
| 2002 || [[Boots UK]] advert || Suami ||
|-
| 2003 || ''Terri McIntyre '' || Greig Millar || Siri 2
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Trust (siri TV)|Trust]]'' || Gavin MacEwan || Siri 1, Episod 6
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Posh Nosh]]'' || Jose-Luis || Siri 1, Episod 3 dan 8: &quot;Paella&quot; and &quot;Comfort Food&quot;
|-
| 2003 || ''Spine Chillers'' || Dr. Krull || Siri 1, Episod 1
|-
| 2004 || ''The Deputy'' || Christopher Williams ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[He Knew He Was Right (siri TV)|He Knew He Was Right]]'' || Rev Gibson ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Blackpool (siri TV)|Blackpool]]'' || DI Carlisle ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[The Quatermass Experiment (2005)|The Quatermass Experiment]]'' || Dr. Gordon Briscoe ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Casanova (siri TV 2005)|Casanova]]'' || [[Giacomo Casanova]] ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Secret Smile]]'' || Brendan Block ||
|-
| 2005–2010, 2013 || ''[[Doctor Who]]'' || [[Tenth Doctor|The Doctor]] || Siri [[Doctor Who (Siri 2)|2]], [[Doctor Who (Siri 3)|3]], [[Doctor Who (Siri 4)|4]], [[Doctor Who (istimewa 2008–2010 )|Istimewa 2008-2010]]&lt;br/&gt;[[The Day of the Doctor|50th Anniversary Special]]&lt;ref name=&quot;doctorwhomag459&quot;&gt;Doctor Who Magazine #459&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcdavidanniversary&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21980892|title=Doctor Who: David Tennant returns for anniversary show|date=30 Mac 2013|access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006 || ''The Romantics'' || [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Chatterley Affair]]'' || Richard Hoggart ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Recovery (drama TV)|Recovery]]'' || Alan Hamilton ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Red Nose Day 2007|Comic Relief]] Sketch'' || Mr Logan / [[Tenth Doctor|The Doctor]] || Appeared alongside ''Doctor Who'' co-star [[Catherine Tate]]
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Dead Ringers (komedi)|Dead Ringers]]'' || [[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|Regenerated]] [[Tony Blair]] ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Learners]]'' || Chris ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Extras (siri TV)|Extras]]'' || Himself / [[Tenth Doctor|The Doctor]] || [[List of Extras episodes#Christmas special (2007)|Christmas Special]]
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Einstein and Eddington]]'' || [[Arthur Stanley Eddington|Sir Arthur Eddington]] ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' || [[Tenth Doctor|The Doctor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;sja&quot;/&gt; || Siri 3, Episode 5 dan 6: &quot;[[The Wedding of Sarah Jane Smith]]&quot;
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Rex Is Not Your Lawyer]]'' || Rex Alexander&lt;ref name=&quot;Rex&quot; /&gt; || juru terbang [[NBC]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[The Catherine Tate Show]]'' || [[Ghost of Christmas Present]] || &quot;Nan's Christmas Carol&quot;
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Hamlet (filem televisyen 2009)|Hamlet]]'' || [[Prince Hamlet]] ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Single Father (drama TV)|Single Father]]'' || Dave Tiler ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[United (filem TV)|United]]'' || [[Jimmy Murphy (pemain bola sepak)|Jimmy Murphy]] ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[This is Jinsy]]'' || Mr. Slightlyman&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://skyatlantic.sky.com/this-is-jinsy-amazing-guest-stars-announced |title=This ifs Jinsy: Amazing Guest Stars Announced |publisher=Sky Atlantic |access-date=2 Juni 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Siri 1, Episod 1
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Playhouse Presents]]'' || Will&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2012&quot; /&gt; || Siri 1, Episod 1: &quot;The Minor Character&quot;
|-
| 2012 || ''[[True Love (siri TV)|True Love]]'' || Nick&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2011/08_august/26/love.shtml |title=''Love Life'' by Dominic Savage for BBC One |publisher=BBC |date=26 Ogos 2011 |access-date=26 Agustus 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Siri 1, Episod 1
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Spies of Warsaw]]'' || Jean-François Mercier&lt;ref name=&quot;spiesofwarsaw&quot; /&gt; ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Broadchurch]]'' || DI Alec Hardy ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[The Politician's Husband]]''|| Aiden Hoynes ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[The Escape Artist (siri TV)|The Escape Artist]]'' || Will Burton&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt; ||
|-
| 2014 || ''Gracepoint'' || || US remake of Broadchurch
|}

====Riwayat dan penampilan peribadi====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Tahun
! Tajuk
! Peranan
! Nota
|-
| 2005 || ''Doctor Who: A New Dimension'' || Narrator || ''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' Series 1 juru anggegana
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (British TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]'' || Himself || Series 3, Episode 4
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Ready Steady Cook]]'' || Himself || 1 episode
|-
| 2007 || ''[[The Friday Night Project]]'' || Guest host || [[The Sunday Night Project#Series 4|Series 4, Episode 1]]
|-
| 2007 || ''The Human Footprint'' || Narrator ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'' || Himself || Series 10, Episode 10
|-
| 2008 || ''Everest ER'' || Narrator ||
|-
| 2008 || ''What Makes Me Happy'' || Poetry reader&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.whatmakesmehappy.tv/credits_uk.html |title=What makes me happy |publisher=Whatmakesmehappy.tv |accessdate=6 April 2011 }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Series of short filems that include poetry
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Trick or Treat (TV series)|Trick or Treat]]'' || Himself&lt;ref name=&quot;TrickorTreat&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.channel4.com/programmes/derren-brown-trick-or-treat/4od |title=Derren Brown: Trick or Treat |publisher=Channel 4 |access-date=4 Juli 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Series 2, Episodes 3 and 6
|-
| 2008 || ''[[The Friday Night Project]]'' || Guest host || [[The Sunday Night Project#Series 6|Series 6, Episode 2]]
|-
| 2009 || ''Swarm: Nature's Incredible Invasions'' || Narrator ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Red Nose Day 2009|Comic Relief 2009]]'' || Presenter ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Doctor Who: Tonight's the Night]]'' || Himself ||
|-
| 2009 || ''Troubled Young Minds'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;Troubled Young Minds – BBC 2 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00nk248&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[QI]]'' || Himself || [[QI (G series)|QI Christmas Special]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Never Mind the Buzzcocks]]'' || Guest host || [[List of Never Mind the Buzzcocks episodes#Series 23|Series 23]], Episode 12
|-
| 2009–2010 || ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece Contemporary]]'' || Host ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Alan Carr: Chatty Man]]'' || Guest || Series 2, Episode 7
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Newsround#Newsround Specials|Caught in the Web – A Newsround Special]]'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_8490000/newsid_8495700/8495786.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=NR special: Caught in the Web | date=9 Fèbruari 2010 | access-date=1 Mèi 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Eddie Izzard]]: Marathon Man'' || Narrator ||
|-
| 2010 || ''My Life'' || Narrator || Episode: &quot;Karate Kids&quot;
|-
| 2010 || ''Diet or My Husband Dies'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00rbksk |title=One Programmes – Diet or My Husband Dies |publisher=BBC |accessdate=6 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2010 || ''Doctor Who: The Ultimate Guide'' || Himself&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/doctor-who/episodes/the-ultimate-guide.jsp |title=Doctor Who |publisher=BBC America |accessdate=6 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2010 || ''Stealing Shakespeare'' || Narrator ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Ask Rhod Gilbert]]'' || Authenticator || [[Ask Rhod Gilbert#Series 1|Series 1]], Episode 5
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Paul O'Grady Live]]'' || Guest || Series 1
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Chris Moyles' Quiz Night]]'' || Himself || Regular slot: &quot;David Tennant's Celebrity Impressions&quot;
|-
| 2010 || ''Polar Bear: Spy on the Ice'' || Narrator || ''[[BBC Wildlife Specials]]''
|-
| 2011 || ''The Father of Australia'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Father of Ostrali |url=http://www.caledonia.tv/productions/full-catalogue/video.aspx?id=1492 |work=Caledonia TV |access-date=19 Januari 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''Starlight: For the Children'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Starlight on TV |url=http://www.starlightchildren.com/starlight-on-tv/ |work=Starlight: For The Children |accessdate=22 April 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Narrated episodes 5–10
|-
| 2011 || ''The TA &amp; The Taliban'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The TA &amp; The Taliban |url=http://tv.sky.com/the-ta-the-taliban |work=Sky TV |access-date=4 Agustus 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Gerry Rafferty]]: Right Down the Line'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0140v4c |title=Gerry Rafferty: Right Down the Line |publisher=BBC |access-date=26 Agustus 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Shrek]]: Once Upon a Time'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b018nskz |title=Shrek: Once Upon a Time |publisher=BBC |access-date=24 Dhésèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Earthflight]]'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b018xsc5 |title=Earthflight |publisher=BBC |access-date=24 Dhésèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''Laughing at the...'' || Himself&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.channel4.com/programmes/laughing-at-the/episode-guide/series-1/episode-1 |title=Catherine Tate: Laughing at the Noughties |accessdate=22 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Series 1, Episode 2: &quot;Catherine Tate: Laughing at the Noughties&quot;
|-
| 2011–2012 || ''[[Twenty Twelve (TV series)|Twenty Twelve]]'' || Narrator || Series 1 and 2
|-
| 2012 || ''Wild About Pandas'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.locatetv.com/tv/wild-about-pandas/7434894 |title=Wild About Pandas |publisher=Locate TV |access-date=22 Januari 2012 |archive-date=2013-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626222424/http://www.locatetv.com/tv/wild-about-pandas/7434894 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Tree Fu Tom]]'' || Twigs&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/tennant-joins-cbeebies-show-cast-16029699.html |title=Tennant joins CBeebies show ''Tree Fu Tom'' |publisher=Belfast Telegraph |date=29 Juli 2011 |access-date=29 Juli 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2012 || ''We Won't Drop the Baby'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2012/disability-season.html |title=BBC season tackles disability in the 21st century '' |publisher=BBC |access-date=24 Fèbruari 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2012 || ''Discovering Hamlet'' || Himself&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://skyarts.sky.com/discovering-hamlet |title=Discovering Hamlet '' |publisher=Sky Arts |access-date=24 Fèbruari 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2012 || ''Shakespeare Uncovered - Hamlet'' || Himself&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01l4108 |title=David Tennant on Hamlet '' |publisher=BBC |access-date=12 Juli 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2012 || [[Virgin Media]] adverts || Himself ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Comedy World Cup]]'' || Presenter ||
|-
| 2012 || ''Secret Universe: The Hidden Life of the Cell'' || Narrator ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'' || Huyang&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/11/06/exclusive-clip-doctor-whos-david-tennant-guests-on-star-wars-the-clone-wars?abthid=50995f6401d81ea678000160 |title=Exclusive Clip: Doctor Who's David Tennant Guests on Star Wars: The Clone Wars'' |publisher=IGN.com |access-date=6 Novèmber 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2012-2013 || ''[[Dragons: Riders of Berk]]'' || Spitelout|| Series 1, Episode 12, &quot;Thawfest&quot; and Series 2, Episode 5, &quot;Race to Fireworm Island&quot;
|-
| 2013 || ''Penguins - Spy in the Huddle'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.radiotimes.com/episode/t2v4d/penguinsspy-in-the-huddle--the-journey |title=Penguins - Spy in the Huddle'' |publisher=Radio Times |access-date=4 Fèbruari 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Red Nose Day 2013|Comic Relief 2013]]'' || Presenter ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Fish Hooks]]'' || Oscar's Brain || Series 3, Episode 3, &quot;Live at the Hamsterwood Bowl&quot;
|}

===Film===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun
! Judhul
! Cawe
! Wigati
|-
| 1993 || ''Spaces'' || Vinny&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=7977 |title=SPACES |publisher=Scottish Screen Archive |access-date=14 Sèptèmber 2011 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826211755/http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=7977 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Short filem
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Jude (filem)|Jude]]'' || Drunken undergraduate ||
|-
| 1997 || ''Bite'' || Alastair Galbraith&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=7278 |title=BITE |publisher=Scottish Screen Archive |access-date=13 Sèptèmber 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724050919/http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=7278 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Short filem
|-
| 1998 || ''[[L.A. Without a Map]]'' || Richard ||
|-
| 1999 || ''The Last September'' || Captain Gerald Colthurst ||
|-
| 2000 || ''Being Considered'' || Larry ||
|-
| 2001 || ''Sweetnight Goodheart'' || Peter || Short filem
|-
| 2002 || ''Nine 1/2 Minutes'' || Charlie || Short filem
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Bright Young Things]]'' || Ginger Littlejohn ||
|-
| 2004 || ''Traffic Warden'' || [[Traffic warden]] || Short filem
|-
| 2004 || ''Old Street'' || Mr. Watson || Short filem
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (filem)|Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' || [[Barty Crouch, Jr|Barty Crouch Jr.]] ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Free Jimmy]]'' || Hamish || Voice only
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Glorious 39]]'' || Hector ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[St Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold]]'' || Sir Piers Pomfrey ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[How to Train Your Dragon (filem)|How to Train Your Dragon]]'' || Spitelout&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title='Dragon' set to slay 'Alice' | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/dragon-set-to-slay-alice-1928369.html |work=The Independent |location=UK | date=26 April 2010 | accessdate=26 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Voice only
|-
| 2011 || ''[[The Decoy Bride]]'' || James Arber&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title=Hollywood comes to isle of 'Hegg' in a Local Hero for the 21st century | url=http://news.scotsman.com/entertainment/Hollywood-comes-to-isle-of.6296971.jp |work=The Scotsman |location=UK | date=15 Mèi 2010 | access-date=30 Mèi 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Fright Night (2011 filem)|Fright Night]]'' || Peter Vincent&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title=David Tennant to star in Fright Night remake | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment_and_arts/10272352.stm |publisher=BBC News | date=9 Juni 2010 | access-date=9 Juni 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 2011 || ''The Itch of the Golden Nit'' || News announcer / Stretchy McStretch&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title=Cultural Olympiad: watch the making of The Golden Nit | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/filmvideo/8583106/Cultural-Olympiad-watch-the-making-of-The-Golden-Nit.html |work=The Telegraph |location=UK | date=18 Juni 2011 | access-date=18 Juni 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Voice only
|-
| 2012 || ''[[The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists (filem)|The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists]]'' || [[Charles Darwin]] || Voice only
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Nativity 2: Danger in the Manger]]'' || Donald Peterson / Roderick Peterson&lt;ref name=&quot;The Coventry Telegraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nativity 2 The Second Coming&quot;/&gt; ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Postman Pat: The Movie — You Know You're The One]]'' || Unknown&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title=Postman Pat to make movie debut | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-14946583 |work=BBC |location=UK | date=16 Sèptèmber 2011 | access-date=27 Mèi 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title=Postman Pat to Hit the Big Screen in 3D | url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=82255 | work=ComingSoon | date=16 Sèptèmber 2011 | access-date=27 Mèi 2012 | archive-date=2012-02-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229182302/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=82255 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Voice only
|-
| 2014 || ''What We Did on Our Holiday'' || Doug ||
|}

===Téater===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun
! Judhul
! Cawe
! Wigati
|-
| 1989 || ''The Ghost of Benjy O'Neil'' || The Ghost&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Maryhill Community Central Halls The Ghost of Benjy O'Neil&quot;, ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)]]'', 5 December 1989&lt;/ref&gt; || Phantom Productions
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Fools (drama)|Fools]]'' || Leon Steponovitch Tolchinsky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | author=Herald Scotland | url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/village-idiots-play-the-fool-1.595146| title=Village idiots play the fool | date=15 Januari 1990 | access-date=24 Dhésèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Made in Glasgow (RSAMD Student Company), Chandler Studio, RSAMD
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Twelve Angry Men (play)|Twelve Angry Men]]'' || Juror 8&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Positive side of Twelve Angry Men&quot;, ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)]]'', 14 July 1990&lt;/ref&gt; || Theatre Positive Scotland, Arches Theatre, dir Iain Reekie
|-
| 1991 || ''Mozart from A to Z'' || Mozart&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mozart from A to Z. RSAMD, Glasgow&quot;, ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)]]'', 6 March 1991&lt;/ref&gt; || RSAMD
|-
| 1991 || ''[[The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui]]'' || Various characters || [[7:84|7:84 Theatre Company Scotland]]
|-
| 1991–1992 || ''Shinda the Magic Ape'' || Kenny&lt;ref name=UniTheatreCatalogue&gt;University of Glasgow [http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/STA/search/resultspe.cfm?NID=39005&amp;EID=25139&amp;DID=&amp;AID= &quot;Scottish Theatre Archive Catalogue&quot;], Retrieved on 4 February 2009&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Royal Lyceum Theatre]]
|-
| 1992 || ''Jump the Life to Come'' || Malcolm&lt;ref name=UniTheatreCatalogue/&gt; || [[7:84|7:84 Theatre Company Scotland]]
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Merlin]]'' || Arthur || [[Royal Lyceum Theatre]]
|-
| 1992 || ''Scotland Matters'' || Various characters || [[7:84|7:84 Theatre Company Scotland]]
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Hay Fever]]'' || Simon&lt;ref name=UniTheatreCatalogue/&gt; || [[Royal Lyceum Theatre]]
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf]]'' || Nick&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | author=Birmingham Mail | url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/theatre/dr-who-star-david-tennant-3410423 | title=Dr Who star David Tennant given his big break by Midland theatre boss | date=5 Mèi 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]]
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Tartuffe]]'' || Valere || [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]]
|-
| 1992–1993 || ''Merlin the Magnificent and the Adventures of Arthur '' || [[King Arthur|Arthur]] || [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]]
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Antigone (Sophocles)|Antigone]]'' || Haemon&lt;ref name=UniTheatreCatalogue/&gt; || [[7:84|7:84 Theatre Company Scotland]]
|-
| 1993–1994 || ''[[The Princess and the Goblin]]'' || Curdie&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Panto Listings&quot;, ''[[The Stage]]'', 9 December 1993.&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]]
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' || Edmund&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Addictive stuff. Long Day's Journey into Night, Dundee Rep&quot;, ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)]]'', 20 April 1994&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]]
|-
| 1994 || ''[[The Slab Boys Trilogy]]'' || Alan || [[Young Vic]]
|-
| 1995 || ''[[What the Butler Saw (play)|What the Butler Saw]]'' || Nick || [[Royal National Theatre]]
|-
| 1995 || ''An Experienced Woman Gives Advice'' || Kenny || [[Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester]]
|-
| 1996 || ''[[The Glass Menagerie]]'' || Tom || [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]]
|-
| 1996 || ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Touchstone|| [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 1996 || ''The General From America'' || Hamilton || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 1996 || ''[[The Herbal Bed]]'' || Jack Lane || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 1997 || ''Hurly Burly'' || Mickey || [[Old Vic]]&lt;br&gt;[[Queen's Theatre]]
|-
| 1997 || ''Tamagotchi Heaven'' || Boyfriend || Did not appear on stage, only in a filemed segment
|-
| 1997 || ''Matters of Life and Death'' - &quot;Blue&quot; || Himself || [[Chelsea Theatre]]
|-
| 1998 || ''[[The Real Inspector Hound]]'' || Moon || [[Comedy Theatre]]
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Black Comedy]]'' || Brinsley Miller || [[Comedy Theatre]]
|-
| 1998 || ''For One Night Only'' || Performer&lt;ref&gt;Shakespeare Birthplace Trust [http://calm.shakespeare.org.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&amp;dsqApp=Archive&amp;dsqCmd=Show.tcl&amp;dsqSearch=%28PerfCode==%27FON199807%27%29&amp;dsqDb=Performance= RSC Performance Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901195147/http://calm.shakespeare.org.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&amp;dsqApp=Archive&amp;dsqCmd=Show.tcl&amp;dsqSearch=%28PerfCode%3D%3D%27FON199807%27%29&amp;dsqDb=Performance%3D |date=2013-09-01 }}, Retrieved on 21 December 2010&lt;/ref&gt; || [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]]&lt;br&gt;Performed as part of the Stratford-upon-Avon Fringe Festival on 19 July 1998
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Maxim Gorky|Vassa – Scenes from Family Life]]'' || Pavel || [[Albery Theatre]]
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Edward III (play)|Edward III]]'' || [[Edward, the Black Prince]] || [[Shakespeare's Globe]] (staged reading)
|-
| 1999 || ''[[King Lear]]'' || Edgar || [[Royal Exchange Theatre]]
|-
| 2000 || ''[[The Comedy of Errors]]'' || Antipholus of Syracuse || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 2000 || ''[[The Rivals]]'' || Jack || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 2000 || ''Laughter in the Dark'' || Dawid Tenemann&lt;ref&gt;Shakespeare Birthplace Trust [http://calm.shakespeare.org.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&amp;dsqApp=Archive&amp;dsqCmd=Show.tcl&amp;dsqSearch=%28PerfCode==%27LAV200009%27%29&amp;dsqDb=Performance= RSC Performance Archives], Retrieved on 21 December 2010&lt;/ref&gt; || [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (in a filemed segment)
|-
| 2001 || ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' || Lysander / Flute&lt;ref name=RSCCatalogue&gt;[http://calm.shakespeare.org.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqCmd=index.tcl&amp;dsqDb=Catalog&amp;dsqApp=Archive &quot;The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Archive Catalogue&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813021602/http://calm.shakespeare.org.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqCmd=index.tcl&amp;dsqDb=Catalog&amp;dsqApp=Archive |date=2011-08-13 }}, Retrieved on 4 February 2009&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Comedians (play)|Comedians]]'' || Gethin Price ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Medea (play)|Medea]]'' || Bodyguard || [[Royal National Theatre]] (staged reading)
|-
| 2002 || ''Push-Up'' || Robert || [[Royal Court Theatre]]
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Lobby Hero]]'' || Jeff || [[Donmar Warehouse]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ambassadors Theatre]]
|-
| 2003 || ''London Concert for Peace'' || Performer of ''Nevertheless'' || [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]]
|-
| 2003–2004 || ''[[The Pillowman]]'' || [[Katurian]] || [[Royal National Theatre]]
|-
| 2004 || ''The Fleer'' || Lord Piso&lt;ref&gt;Sharpham, Edward (author), Munro, Lucy (editor) (2006). ''The Fleer'', pp.viii. A review of the staged reading. NHB. ISBN 978-1-85459-928-5&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Shakespeare's Globe]] (staged reading at the Globe Education Centre)
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Look Back in Anger]]'' || Jimmy Porter || [[Theatre Royal, Bath]]&lt;br&gt;[[Royal Lyceum Theatre]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Look Back in Anger]]'' || Jimmy Porter || [[Royal Court Theatre]]
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Hamlet]]'' || [[Prince Hamlet|Hamlet]] || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]&lt;br&gt;[[Novello Theatre]]
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]'' || Berowne || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|-
| 2010 || ''Celebrity Autobiography'' || Various characters&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/comedy/review-23885605-david-tennant-channels-other-stars-in-celebrity-autobiography.do | work=The Evening Standard | location=London | title=David Tennant channels other stars in Celebrity Autobiography | first=Bruce | last=Dessau | date=7 Oktober 2010 | access-date=8 Oktober 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Leicester Square Theatre]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' || Benedick&lt;ref name=MuchAdo2011-01/&gt; || [[Wyndham's Theatre]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' || [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] || [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]
|}

===Radio lan CD audio drama===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun
! Judhul
! Cawe
! Wigati
|-
| 1993 || ''The Fifty Friends of Simon Goberschmitt'' || Raymond || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1993 || ''The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' || Policeman || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1994 || ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''|| Lindsay Lerner || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1996 || ''Paint Her Well'' || The Son || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Hemlock and After]]'' || Eric Craddock || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1998 || ''The Airmen Who Would Not Die'' || Captain Raymond &quot;Hinch&quot; Hinchliffe || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1998 || ''The Golden Triangle: [[The Order of Release]]'' || John Everett Millais || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 1999 || ''Fire in the Heart'' || Reader || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Henry VI, Part 1]]'' || [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Henry VI, Part 2]]'' || [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Henry VI, Part 3]]'' || [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2000 || ''The Sea'' || Willy Carson || [[BBC Radio 3]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Much Ado about Nothing]]'' || Benedick || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2001 || ''Sunday Worship'' || Himself || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Colditz (Doctor Who audio)|Doctor Who: Colditz]]'' || Feldwebel Kurtz || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Dr. Finlay's Casebook (TV &amp; radio)|Dr Finlay: Adventures of a Black Bag]]'' || Jackson || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Dr. Finlay's Casebook (TV &amp; radio)|Dr Finlay: Further Adventures of a Black Bag]]'' || McKellor || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Double Income, No Kids Yet]]'' || Daniel || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2002 || ''Facade'' || William Walton&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://davidtennantradioplays.webs.com/facade.htm |title=Facade |publisher=David Tennant Radio Archive |access-date=16 Juli 2012 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030038/http://davidtennantradioplays.webs.com/facade.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Sympathy for the Devil (Doctor Who audio)|Doctor Who: Sympathy For The Devil]]'' || Colonel Brimmecombe-Wood || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Exile (Doctor Who audio)|Doctor Who: Exile]]'' || [[Time Lord]] No. 2 / Pub landlord || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Caesar!]] – Peeling Figs for Julius'' || Caligula || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Scream of the Shalka|Doctor Who: Scream of the Shalka]]'' || Caretaker || [[BBC Red Button|BBCi]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents]]'' || Dangerous Beans || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Pompeii (novel)|Pompeii]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[The Rotters' Club (novel)|The Rotters' Club]]'' || Bill Trotter || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2003 || ''Strangers and Brothers'' || Donald Howerd || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[The Exterminators (Doctor Who audio)|Dalek Empire III]]'' || Galanar || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Medicinal Purposes|Doctor Who: Medicinal Purposes]]'' || Daft Jamie || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Quite Ugly One Morning]]'' || Narrator || [[Time Warner]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Starter for Ten (novel)|Starter for Ten]]'' || Narrator || [[Hodder &amp; Stoughton]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Whiteout (Follett novel)|Whiteout]]'' || Narrator || Macmillan Digital Audio
|-
| 2004 || ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Launcelot Gobbo || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' || The Archbishop / Ghost of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2004 || ''How to Be a Pirate'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2005 || ''[[UNIT: The Wasting]]'' || Colonel Brimmecombe-Wood || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'' || PC Andy Crawford || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[The Adventures of Luther Arkwright]]'' || Luther Arkwright || [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]]
|-
| 2005 || ''The Beasts of Clawstone Castle'' || Narrator || Macmillan Digital Audio
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Macbeth]] '' || Porter || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[King Lear]] '' || Edgar || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[The Comedy of Errors]] '' || Antipholus of Syracuse || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Romeo and Juliet]] '' || Mercutio || [[Arkangel Shakespeare]]
|-
| 2006 || ''The Virgin Radio Christmas Panto'' || Buttons || [[Virgin Radio]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Stone Rose|Doctor Who: The Stone Rose]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Resurrection Casket|Doctor Who: The Resurrection Casket]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Feast of the Drowned|Doctor Who: The Feast of the Drowned]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2006 || ''How to Speak Dragonese'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2007 || ''The Wooden Overcoat'' || Peter || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2007 || ''How to Cheat a Dragon's Curse'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Pest Control (Doctor Who audio)|Doctor Who: Pest Control]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Nebulous]]'' || Doctor Beep || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[The Day of the Troll|Doctor Who: The Day of the Troll]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2009 || ''How to Twist a Dragon's Tale'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Of Mice and Men]]'' || George Milton&lt;ref name=Mice/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2010/01/david_tennant_t.html |title=Blog Archive » David Tennant Plays |publisher=Craig Murray |accessdate=6 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Murder in Samarkand]]'' || [[Craig Murray]] || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2010 || ''How to Ride a Dragon's Storm'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2010 || ''[[The Last Voyage (Doctor Who)|Doctor Who: The Last Voyage]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Dead Air (Doctor Who)|Doctor Who: Dead Air]]'' || Narrator || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2010 || ''Bear Snores On'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/Dogfish-Gillian-Shields/9781847388414 |title=Dogfish | access-date=16 Januari 2012|publisher=The Book Depository }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Simon &amp; Schuster Children's Books
|-
| 2010 || ''Dogfish'' || Narrator || Simon &amp; Schuster Children's Books
|-
| 2010 || ''How [[Roald Dahl]] Shaped Pop'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2010/nov/23/how-roald-dahl-shaped-pop-review |title=How Roald Dahl Shaped Pop – review | access-date=27 Januari 2011| date=23 Novèmber 2010|work=The Guardian| location=London| first=Elisabeth| last=Mahoney}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 2]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Book at Bedtime]] – A Night with a Vampire'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00w1y0k |title=Book at Bedtime – A Night with a Vampire| access-date=27 Januari 2011|publisher=BBC }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2011 || ''My Sister Lives on the Mantelpiece'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=Orion Books |url=http://www.orionbooks.co.uk/news/david-tenant-records-audio-edition-of-my-sister-lives-on-the-mantelpiece |title=David Tennant records audio edition of 'My Sister Lives on the Mantelpiece' |access-date=17 Fèbruari 2011 |date=17 Fèbruari 2011 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826231216/http://www.orionbooks.co.uk/news/david-tenant-records-audio-edition-of-my-sister-lives-on-the-mantelpiece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Orion Books
|-
| 2011 || ''Kafka: The Musical'' || [[Franz Kafka]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://tennantnews.blogspot.com/2011/01/kafka-musical-confirmed.html |title=Kafka The Musical confirmed |access-date=23 Januari 2011 |publisher=David Tennant – The Site}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 3]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Marilyn Imrie#The Gobetweenies: Meet The Millers|The Gobetweenies]]'' || Joe&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/radio/2011/wk18/fri.shtml#fri_go |title=BBC Radio 4 Publicity |accessdate=15 April 2011 |publisher=BBC }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2011 || ''Tales of Hans Christian Andersen'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/talesofhca |title=BBC Podcast: ''Tales of Hans Christian Andersen'' |work=BBC |year=2011 |access-date=5 Mèi 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Learning]]
|-
| 2011 || ''The Purple Land'' || Richard Lamb&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/radio/2011/wk29/sat.shtml |title=BBC Radio Programme Information BBC Week 29|publisher=BBC |date=1 Juli 2011 |access-date=1 Juli 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/radio/2011/wk38/sun.shtml |title=BBC Radio Programme Information BBC Week 38|publisher=BBC |date=1 Sèptèmber 2011 |access-date=4 Sèptèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2011 || ''Life and Fate'' || Nikolai Krymov&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Life and Fate|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/life-and-fate/|publisher=BBC Radio 4}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2011 || ''How to Break a Dragon's Heart'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2011 || ''A Hero's Guide to Deadly Dragons'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2011 || ''Supermarket Zoo'' || Narrator || Simon &amp; Schuster
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Book at Bedtime]] – A Night with a Vampire 2'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16266176 |title=Book at Bedtime – A Night with a Vampire 2| access-date=24 Dhésèmber 2011|publisher=BBC|date=21 Dhésèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (novel)|Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]] Flies Again'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16266176 |title=David Tennant voices Chitty Chitty Bang Bang sequel| access-date=24 Dhésèmber 2011|publisher=BBC|date=21 Dhésèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Macmillan Digital Audio
|-
| 2011 || ''[[The Pied Piper of Hamelin]]'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b018g3n0 |title=The Pied Piper of Hamelin| access-date=24 Dhésèmber 2011|publisher=BBC }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://maclehosepress.com/ |title=MacLehosePress| access-date=17 Fèbruari 2012|publisher=MacLehosePress }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.radiotimes.com/episode/pwfr9/stonemouth--series-1episode-1 |title=Stonemouth| access-date=9 Maret 2012|publisher=The Radio Times }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2012/19/believe-it.html |title=Believe It!| accessdate=20 April 2012|publisher=BBC Media Centre }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2012 || ''Love Virtually'' || Leo || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Book at Bedtime]] – Stonemouth'' || Reader || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2012 || ''Believe It!'' || Young [[Richard Wilson (Scottish actor)|Richard Wilson]] || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Prince Escalus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/olympiad/shakespeare/shakespeare-and-love.html |title=Shakespeare And Love - Romeo And Juliet, &amp; Twelfth Night| access-date=17 Fèbruari 2012|publisher=MacLehosePress }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/olympiad/shakespeare/shakespeare-and-love.html |title=Shakespeare And Love - Romeo And Juliet, &amp; Twelfth Night| access-date=17 Fèbruari 2012|publisher=BBC }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 3]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Malvolio || [[BBC Radio 3]]
|-
| 2012 || ''Silver: The Return To Treasure Island'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471201724?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=davidtennantc-21&amp;linkCode=shr&amp;camp=3194&amp;creative=21330&amp;creativeASIN=1471201724&amp;ref_=sr_1_5&amp;qid=1329917395&amp;sr=8-5 |title=Silver: Return to Treasure Island (Unabridged Audiobook) | access-date=24 Fèbruari 2012|publisher=Amazon }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Whole Story Audiobooks
|-
| 2012 || ''How to Steal a Dragon's Sword'' || Narrator || Part of the ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series
|-
| 2012 || ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' || Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.thebookbond.com/2012/06/kenneth-branagh-and-david-tennant-read.html |title=Kenneth Branagh and David Tennant read BOND | access-date=15 Juni 2012|publisher=The Book Bond }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Audio]]
|-
| 2013 || ''Every Seventh Wave'' || Leo || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|-
| 2013 || ''The Great Scott: The Fair Maid of Perth'' || Walter Scott&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2013/16/r4-great-scott.html |title=The Great Scott: The Fair Maid Of Perth | access-date=31 Maret 2013 |publisher=BBC Media Centre }}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[BBC Radio 4]]
|}

==Réferènsi==
{{reflist|3}}

==Wacan==
* Smallwood, Robert (penyunting) (2000). ''Players of Shakespeare 4: Further Essays in Shakespearean Performance by Players with the Royal Shakespeare Company'', David Tennant on playing Touchstone in As You Like It, pp.&amp;nbsp;30–44. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79416-1
* Smallwood, Robert (penyunting) (2005). ''Players of Shakespeare 5: Further Essays in Shakespearean Performance by Players with the Royal Shakespeare Company'', David Tennant on playing Romeo in Romeo and Juliet, pp.&amp;nbsp;113–130. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-67698-3
* Mitchell, Molly (2009). ''David Tennant''. London: Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4091-0469-8

==Pranala njaba==
{{Commons category|David Tennant}}
* {{IMDb name|855039}}
* {{NYTtopic|people/t/david_tennant}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/episodes/hamlet/preview-the-film/956/ Hamlet], (3:05:52), [[Great Performances]], [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]], 28 April 2008 ([http://video.pbs.org/video/1473795626/ video-only link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214142341/http://video.pbs.org/video/1473795626/ |date=2015-12-14 }})

{{Authority control|LCCN=n/2006/54862|VIAF=73282788}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}}
[[Kategori:Aktor Sekotlan]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1971]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lorde</title>
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'''Ella Maria Lani Yelich-O'Connor'''  ({{lahirmati||7|11|1996}}) utawa kang kondhang minangka Lorde ya iku penyanyi lan penulis lagu saka [[Sélandia Anyar]].

[[Kategori:Lair 1996]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]</text>
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    <title>Universitas Tanjungpura</title>
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      <text bytes="6164" sha1="rnxg82dlpku7w59bmi22ac5aj39civz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Universitas
|nama            = Universitas Tanjungpura
|nama_asli       = 
|image           = 
|image_name      = DSCN0408.universitas.tanjungpura.JPG
|image_size      = 200px
|logo            = [[Gambar:untan_lambang.jpg]]
|caption         = 
|nama_latin      = 
|established     = [[20 Mèi]] [[1959]]
|taun           = 
|jinis           = [[Universitas Negri]]
|vision          = 
|motto           = 
|slogan          = 
|affiliation     = 
|calendar        = 
|endowment       = 
|debt            = 
|rektor          = Prof. Dr. Thamrin Usman, DEA 
|chairman        = 
|chancellor      = 
|vice_chancellor = 
|president       = 
|vice-president  = 
|provost         = 
|principal       = 
|dean            = 
|director        = 
|head            = 
|fakultas        = 
|staff           = 
|mahasiswa       = 
|undergrad       = 
|postgrad        = 
|doctoral        = 
|profess         = 
|other           = 
|alumni          = 
|kampus          = 
|alamat          = 
|kutha            = [[Kutha Pontianak]]
| provinsi        =  
|nagara          = {{flag|Indonésia}}
|telepon         = 
|free_label      = 
|free            = 
|sports          = 
|colors          = 
|nickname        = 
|maskot          = 
|fightsong       = 
|affiliations    = 
|nobel_laureates = 
|publictransit   = 
|situs           = [http://www.untan.ac.id www.untan.ac.id]
|catatan         = 
}}
'''Universitas Tanjungpura''' utawa dicekak '''UNTAN''' iku [[universitas]] nagari ing [[kutha Pontianak]], [[Indonésia]]. Lokasi kampus UNTAN dumunung ing kutha Pontianak lan kanthi gampang bisa dikenali saka anané [[Tugu Digulis]] kang dumunung ing ngarep kampus. Tugu Digulis iki kaloka uga minangka Bunderan UNTAN.

Universitas Tanjungpura diadegaké tanggal [[20 Mèi]] [[1959]] kanthi jeneng '''Universitas Daya Nasional''' ing sangisoré Yayasan Perguruan Tinggi Daya Nasional minangka sawijining universitas swasta. Pendhiri lembaga mau tokoh-tokoh pulitik lan pemuka masarakat Kalimantan Kulon. Nalika madegé universitas iki duwé loro fakultas yaiku Fakultas [[Hukum]] lan Fakultas [[Tata Niaga]]. Para tenaga pengajar ing mangsa-mangsa mau yaiku para sarjana lan sarjana mudha kang ana ing laladan Kalimantan Kulon.

Status Universitas Daya Nasional owah dadi Universitas Negeri Pontianak dhedhasar Surat Dudutan Mantri '''PTIP Nomor 53 Taun 1963 Tanggal [[16 Mèi]] [[1963]]'''. Nanging tanggal pèngetan panetapan status universitas nagari dikukuhaké tangal [[20 Mèi]] [[1963]] kanthi jeneng '''Universitas Negeri Pontianak''' lan ditandhani kanthi dibukaké loro fakultas anyar yaiku Fakultas Pertanian lan Fakultas Tèknik sarta owahan jeneng Fakultas Tata Niaga dadi Fakultas Ékonomi.

Sejalan karo situasi pulitik RI taun 1965, jeneng universitas diowahi dadi '''Universitas Dwikora''' (dhedhasar Surat Dudutan Présidhèn RI Nomor 278 Tahun 1965 tanggal 14 September 1965), sisan nandhani pambuka Fakultas Ilmu Sosial lan Ilmu Pulitik (Fisipol).

Wusanané nama Universitas Dwikora ganti jeneng manèh dadi '''Universitas Tanjungpura''' ('''UNTAN'''), dhedhasar Surat Dudutan Présidhèn RI Nomor 171 Tahun 1967. Jeneng Universitas Tanjungpura iki asal saka jeneng [[Karajan Tanjungpura]]. Nganti wektu iki, UNTAN duwé sanga Fakultas kanthi jenjang pendhidhikan nganti Strata Dua (S2).

== Fakultas ==
[[Fakultas|Fakultas-fakultas]] kang ana ing Universitas Tanjungpura dumadi saka sanga fakultas, yaiku Fakultas [[Hukum]], [[Ékonomi]], [[Pertanian]], [[Tèknik]], [[Ilmu Sosial lan Pulitik]], [[Keguruan lan Ilmu Pendhidhikan]], [[Kehutanan]], [[Matematika lan Widya Alam]], [[Kedhokteran lan Ilmu Keséhatan]].

=== Fakultas Hukum ===
# [[Ilmu Hukum]]

=== Fakultas Ékonomi ===
# [[Ilmu Ékonomi Studi Pangyasa]]
# [[Manajemen]]
# [[Akuntansi]]

=== Fakultas Pertanian ===
# [[Manajemen Agribisnis]]
# [[Agroteknologi]]
# [[Sosial Ékonomi Pertanian]]
# [[Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan]]
# Ilmu Teknologi Pangan
# Peternakan
# Ilmu Tanah
# Manejemen Sumber Daya Perairan

=== Fakultas Tèknik ===
# [[Tèknik Èlèktro S1]]
# [[Tèknik Informatika S1]]
# [[Tèknik Industri S1]]
# [[Tèknik Sipil S1]]
# [[Arsitektur S1]]
# [[Tèknik Lingkungan S1]]
# [[Tèknik Mesin S1]]
# [[Tèknik Kimia S1]]
# [[Tèknik Kelautan S1]]
# [[Tèknik Pertambangan S1]]
# [[Perencanaan Wewengkon lan Kota S1]]
# [[Tèknik Sipil S2]]
# [[Tèknik Èlèktro S2]]

=== Fakultas Ilmu Sosial lan Pulitik ===
# [[Sosiatri]]
# Ilmu [[Administrasi]] Nagara
# Ilmu [[Papréntahan]]
# Ilmu [[Pulitik]]
# Ilmu [[Sosiologi]]
# [[Administrasi Perkantoran]]

=== Fakultas Keguruan lan Ilmu Pendhidhikan ===
# Pendhidhikan [[Ékonomi]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Sosiologi]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Matematika]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Basa Inggris]]
# Pendhidhikan [[PGSD]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Basa Indonésia, Sastra Indonésia lan Laladan]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Jasmani Keséhatan lan Rekreasi]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Seni Jogèd lan Musik]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Bimbingan lan Konseling]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Basa Mandarin]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Kimia]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Fisika]]
# Pendhidhikan [[PG-PAUD]]
# Pendhidhikan [[Biologi]]

=== Fakultas Kehutanan ===
# Kehutanan

=== Fakultas Matematika lan Widya Alam ===
# [[Matematika]]
# [[Fisika]]
# [[Kimia]]
# [[Biologi]]
# [[Sistem Komputer]]

=== Fakultas Kedhokteran ===
# Kedhokteran
# Farmasi
# Keperawatan

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://fak-hukumuntan.blogspot.com blog resmi FH Untan]
* [http://www.untan.ac.id Situs resmi Universitas Tanjungpura]
* [http://teknik.untan.ac.id Situs resmi Fakultas Teknik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701125853/http://teknik.untan.ac.id/ |date=2014-07-01 }}
* [http://fkip.untan.ac.id Situs resmi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan]
* [http://e-learning.untan.net Situs e-learning Untan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215082655/http://e-learning.untan.net/ |date=2013-02-15 }}
* [http://thamrinusman.com Personal blog of Prof. Thamrin Usman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222084535/http://www.thamrinusman.com/ |date=2014-12-22 }}

{{PTN di Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Paguron dhuwur nagari ing Kalimantan Kulon|Tanjungpura]]
[[Kategori:Paguron dhuwur ing Kalimantan Kulon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wong Kurdhi</title>
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      <text bytes="11070" sha1="b50nj156nhl03d94o1lswbj9c6mcqh9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Roj emblem.svg|300px|thumb|right|Dwaja Roj sing awujud piringan srengéngé emas]]

Para '''Kurdhi''' ([[Basa Kurdhi|Kurdish]]:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;ku&quot;&gt;کورد&lt;/span&gt;‎ ''Kurd'') uga karan '''wong-wong Kurdhi''' ([[Basa Kurdhi|Kurdish]]:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;ku&quot;&gt;گەلێ کوردی&lt;/span&gt;‎ ''Gelê Kurdî'') iku siji [[bebrayan]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4555000.stm Killing of Iraq Kurds 'genocide'], ''BBC'', &quot;The Dutch court said it considered &quot;legally and convincingly proven that the Kurdish population meets requirement under Genocide Conventions as an ethnic group&quot;.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ing [[Wétan Tengah]], akèh-akèhé ndunungi laladan sing watesan, nyrambahi pérangan Wétan lan Kidul-Wétané [[Turki]] (Kurdhistan Lor), [[Iran]] Kulon (Wétan utawa Kurdhistan Irania), [[Irak]] (Kidul utawa Kurdhistan Irak), lan [[Suriah]] Lor (Kurdhistan Kulon utawa Rojava).&lt;ref&gt;''Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland'', (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press&lt;/ref&gt; Wong-wong Kurdhi budayané lan basané caket gegandhèngané karo wong-wong Irania &lt;ref name=&quot;Shoup&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=John A. Shoup III|title=Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&amp;pg=PA159|date=17 October 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-363-7|page=159}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kurds.html  |title=Kurds |date=2014 |work=The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.|publisher=Encyclopedia.com |accessdate=29 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Mehrdad R. |last=Izady |title=The Kurds: A Concise Handbook |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&amp;pg=PA198 |year=1992 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-0-8448-1727-9 |page=198}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopaediaIslamica&quot;&gt;{{cite book |chapter=Kurds, Kurdistan |last1=Bois|first1=T.|last2=Minorsky|first2=V.|last3=MacKenzie|first3=D.&amp;nbsp;N. |title=Encyclopaedia Islamica |editor1-first=P.|editor1-last=Bearman |editor2-first=T.|editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.&amp;nbsp;E.|editor3-last=Bosworth |editor4-first=E.|editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.&amp;nbsp;P.|editor5-last=Heinrichs |publisher=Brill |year=2009 |quote=The Kurds, an Iranian people of the Near East, live at the junction of more or less laicised Turkey.&quot;... We thus find that about the period of the Arab conquest a single ethnic term ''Kurd'' (plur. ''Akrād'') was beginning to be applied to an amalgamation of Iranian or iranicised tribes.... The classification of the Kurds among the Iranian nations is based mainly on linguistic and historical data and does not prejudice the fact there is a complexity of ethnical elements incorporated in them.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Barbara A. West|title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCiNqFj3MQsC&amp;pg=PA518|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7|page=518}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan uga nduwé tanggalan sing tanggalé saka 612 sadurungé Masèhi, nalika Medes neluk Nineveh, kutha krajané Assyria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=[[Richard N. Frye|Frye]]|first=Richard Nelson|title=IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|accessdate=2016-03-04|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pangakuan minangka turunan saka Median ana ing lagu kabangsan Kurdhi: &quot;awakdhèwè anak turuné Medes lan Kai Khosrow &quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ofra Bengio|title=Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caCDBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA87|date=15 November 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-75813-1|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Basa Kurdhi wujud siji subkelompoking basa-basa Irania Lor-Kulon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica-KurdLang&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Ludwig|last=Paul|title=Kurdish Language|work=Encyclopædia Iranica|date=2008|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-language-i|accessdate=2 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=D. N. MacKenzie|year=1961|title=The Origins of Kurdish|journal=Transactions of the Philological Society|pages=68–86}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bangsa Kurdhi, ing sakurebing langit, ana watara 30–32 yuta, bokmenawa nganti 37 yuta,&lt;ref&gt;Based on arithmetic from ''World Factbook'' and other sources cited herein: A Near Eastern population of 28–30 million, plus approximately 2 million diaspora gives 30–32 million.&lt;/ref&gt; kanthi mayoritas dedunung ana ing Asia Kulon; nanging ana masarakat diaspora Kurdhi sing cukup akèh ana ing kutha-kutha ing Turki Kulon, mligi [[Istanbul]]. Sawijining diaspora Kurdhi uga ngembang ana ing nagara-nagara Kulon, kususé ing [[Jerman]]. Bangsa Kurdhi iku minangka cacah jiwa mayoritas ana ing wewengkon swatantraning Kurdhistan Irak, lan ing wewengkon swatantraning Rojava, sarta minangka golongan minoritas sing gatèn ing nagara tangga Turki lan Iran, papané obahan nasionalis Kurdhi ngupadi swatantra lan hak-hak kabudayan.

Dhialèk Mukri dienggo ing kutha-kutha Piranshahr lan [[Mahabad]]. Piranshahr lan Mahabad loro kutha utama Mukrian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dissertation.xlibx.info/d1-other/240081-1-background-the-language-community-and-fieldwork-introduction-the.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-03-26 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305034800/http://www.dissertation.xlibx.info/d1-other/240081-1-background-the-language-community-and-fieldwork-introduction-the.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Basa ==
[[Gambar:Kurdish_languages_map.svg|jmpl|Péta basa Kurdhi (2007)]]
[[Gambar:Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_(1992).jpg|jmpl|Wewengkon sing dipanggoni para Kurdhi ing [[Wétan Tengah]] (1992)]]
Basa Kurdhi (Kurdish: ''Kurdî'' or کوردی) ngrujuk marang sawenèh dhialèk sing dituturaké déning para Kurdhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica-KurdLang&quot;/&gt; Basa kuwi akèh dituturaké ing [[Iran]], [[Irak]], [[Suriah]], lan [[Turki]] sing wujud [[Kurdhistan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://modersmal.skolutveckling.se/nordkurdiska/kurdmap/pages/Geographic%20Distribution%20of%20Kurdish%20and%20other%20Iranic%20Languages_jpg_gif.htm |title=Geographic distribution of Kurdish and other Iranic languages |access-date=2016-08-06 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927094755/http://modersmal.skolutveckling.se/nordkurdiska/kurdmap/pages/Geographic%20Distribution%20of%20Kurdish%20and%20other%20Iranic%20Languages_jpg_gif.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Basa Kurdhi nduwé status sing resmi minangka basa kabangsan bebarengan karo [[basa Arab]], ing Iran minangka basa dhaèrah, lan ing [[Arménia|Armenia]] minangka basa minoritas.

[[Basa Kurdhi]] kalebu ing sub-kelompoking basa Irania Lor-Kulon, sing kalebu ing basa Indo-Irania saka kulawarga basa [[Kulawarga basa Indo-Éropah|Indo-Éropah]].

Akèh-akèhé wong Kurdhi nuturaké rong basa utawa sawenèh basa, nuturaké basa kabangsan nagara asalé, kaya déne [[basa Arab]], [[Basa Pèrsi|basa Pérsi]], lan [[basa Turki]], minangka basa kaloro bebarengan karo basa asliné, ya iku basa Kurdhi, déné ing masarakat diaspora, asring nuturaké telung utawa punjul telung basa.

==Cacah jiwa==
Gunggungé wong Kurdhi sing ndunungi wewengkon [[Asia Kidul-kulon]] diwatara ngancik 30 yuta, kanthi sak yuta nganti rong yuta dadi péranganing [[Kurdish diaspora|diaspora]]. Wong Kurdi sumebar ana saindengé [[Turki]] kanthi presèntase 18% nganti 20%,&lt;ref name=&quot;CIAonline&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=World Factbook |edition=Online |date=2015 |publisher=US [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=Langley, Virginia |issn=1553-8133 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |accessdate=2 August 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510200259/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |url-status=dead }} A rough estimate in this edition has populations of 14.3 million in Turkey, 8.2 million in Iran, about 5.6 to 7.4 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to approximately 28&amp;ndash;30 million Kurds in Kurdistan or adjacient regions. CIA estimates are {{as of|lc=y|2015|08}} &amp;ndash; Turkey: Kurdish 18%, of 81.6 million; Iran: Kurd 10%, of 81.82 million; Iraq: Kurdish 15%-20%, of 37.01 million, Syria: Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%, of 17.01 million.&lt;/ref&gt; bokmenawa uga ngancik 25%;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mackey&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Sandra |last=Mackey |title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam |publisher=W.W. Norton and Co. |year=2002 |page=350 |quote=As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish}} This would raise the population estimate by about 5 million.{{dubious|date=October 2014}}&lt;!--What does this even mean and what was her source? Without context, this may refer to area not population.--&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 15 nganti 20% ing [[Irak]];&lt;ref name=&quot;CIAonline&quot; /&gt; 10% ing [[Iran]];&lt;ref name=&quot;CIAonline&quot; /&gt; lan 9% ing [[Suriah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CIAonline&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USDOS2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Background Note: Syria |author=Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs |work=State.gov |publisher=US State Department |location=Washington, DC |date=9 March 2012 |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121017055548/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm |archivedate=17 October 2012 |accessdate=2 August 2015}} The CIA ''World Factbook'' reports all non-Arabs make up 9.7% of the Syrian population, but does not break out the Kurdish figure separately. However, this State Dept. source provides a figure of 9%.  {{as of|2015|08}}, the current document at this state.gov URL no longer provides such ethnic group data.&lt;/ref&gt; Wong Kurdhi uga dadi cacah jiwa mayoritas ana ing sawenèh papan, ya iku ing [[Kurdistan Turki]], [[Iraqi Kurdistan|Kurdistan Irak]], [[Kurdistan Iran]] lan [[Syrian Kurdistan|Kurdistan Suriah]]. Wong Kurdi minangka [[golongan ètnis ing Asia Kulon]] kanthi cacah jiwa paling akèh sawisé [[wong Arab]], [[wong Pèrsi]], lan [[wong Turki]].

Gunggung cacah jiwané wong Kurdhi ing taun 1991 nyandhak 22,5 yuta, kanthi 48% wongé manggon ana Turki, 18% ing Irak, 24% ing Iran, lan 4% ing Suriah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Stateless Nation's Quest for Sovereignty in the Sky |first=Amir |last=Hassanpour |date=7 November 1995 |publisher=Concordia University |url= http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~siamakr/Kurdish/KURDICA/hassanpour.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070820033216/http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~siamakr/Kurdish/KURDICA/hassanpour.html |archivedate=20 August 2007 |accessdate=3 August 2015}} Paper presented at the Freie Universitat Berlin.  For the figure, cites: {{cite news |title=The Kurds: A Nation Denied |first=David|last=McDowall |date=1992 |location=London |publisher=Minority Rights Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Iran]]
[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Irak]]
[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Suriah]]
[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Turki]]
[[Kategori:Wong Kurdhi]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]]</text>
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    <title>A.S. Laksana</title>
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      <text bytes="3722" sha1="2v1gqjx24r7ilkk2uxhzh9y40vvh1fk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Penulis
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'''A. S. Laksana''' ya iku sastrawan.

Dhèwèké wiwit aktip nulis kawit 1990, nanging karya fiksine agi dipublikasikake purwa taun 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dw&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/id/berbagi-cerita-bersama-aslaksana/a-18717962|title=Berbagi Cerita Bersama A.S.Laksana|last=|first=|date=2015|work=|publisher=dw.com/id|accessdate=21 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL ioi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://islandsofimagination.id/web/id/video/laksana-si-pencinta-cerita|title=A.S. Laksana: Si Pencinta Cerita|last=|first=|date=2015|work=|publisher=Indonesia National Book Commite|accessdate=21 August 2016|archive-date=27 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627005745/http://islandsofimagination.id/web/id/video/laksana-si-pencinta-cerita|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buku cerkak sepisanane ''Bidadari yang Mengembara'' terbit ing 2004, éntuk pahargyan Buku Sastra Terbaik saka kalawarti Tempo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dewimagazine.com/news-art/karya-tulisan-as-laksana-sang-penulis-|title=Karya Tulisan AS Laksana, Sang Penulis|last=|first=|date=2015|work=|publisher=dewimagazine.com|accessdate=21 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Dhèwèké dialem ampuh akrobat ngaggo tata basa, pinter ngramu guyon, kalisanan, lan budaya massa ana prosa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;/&gt;

Saurunge lumebu donya sastra, dhèwèké makarya dadi juru warta ana kalawarti Detik kang dibreidel ing jamane Soeharto.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;/&gt;

Awit saka prihatine marang donya panulisan ana Indonesia, dhèwèké lan kancane loro banjur ngedhegake sekolah menulis kreatif Jakarta School ing 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;/&gt;
Dhèwèké uga aktip mulang ana kelas-kelas nulis kang diselenggarakake déning manéka lembaga ana Jawa lan njaba Jawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;/&gt;

Taun 2013, dhèwèké nerbitake buku cerkak ''Murjangkung'', ''Cinta yang Dungu dan Hantu-Hantu'', olèh pahargyan manèh minangka Buku Sastra Terbaik saka kalawarti Tempo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;/&gt;
''Murjangkung'' kapilih minangka prosa paling apik versi Tempo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL sb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bukuonlinestore.com/inspirasi-menulis-dari-laksana-bacalah-karya-karya-terbaik-dari-penulis-terbaik/|title=Inspirasi Menulis dari AS Laksana: Bacalah Karya-karya Terbaik dari Penulis Terbaik|last=|first=|date=30 January 2014|work=|publisher=bukuonlinestore.com|accessdate=21 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing September 2015, dhèwèké nerbitake buku ''Si Janggut Mengencingi Heru Cakra''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASL dm&quot;/&gt;

==Cathetan suku==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://www.aslaksana.com/ Laman web A. S. Laksana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829033944/http://www.aslaksana.com/ |date=2016-08-29 }}
*[http://wearedisorder.net/konten/si-janggut-dan-soal-persepsi Laman web We Are Disorder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026020029/http://www.wearedisorder.net/konten/si-janggut-dan-soal-persepsi |date=2016-10-26 }}
*[http://www.dw.com/id/berbagi-cerita-bersama-aslaksana/a-18717962 Laman web DW]
*[http://bukuonlinestore.com/inspirasi-menulis-dari-laksana-bacalah-karya-karya-terbaik-dari-penulis-terbaik/ Laman web bukuonlinestore.com]

[[Kategori:Sastrawan]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Decepticons</title>
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      <text bytes="8115" sha1="12j1out6dpxjzjcd8vhhnpi8f9gdcxr" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Graffiti stencil.jpg|jmpl|logonipun Decepticons]]
'''Decepticons''' (utawi ingkang kawastanan '''Destrons''' utawi '''Deathtrons''' wonten ing [[Jepang]]) punika salah satunggaling paraga/tokoh baku saking [[Autobots]]. Decepticons punika grup ingkang gadhah watak [[antagonis]] wonten ing serial [[Transformers (seri televisi)|Transformers]]. Para Decepticons punika saged memba (éwah) dados manéka werna barang, kadosta [[mobil]], [[pesawat|motor mabur]] lan ugi piranti ing militer. Decepticons punika dipunpimpin déning [[Megatron]] lan ugi [[Galvatron]]. Kathah-kathahipun Decepticons punika gadhah warni [[ungu]] lan ugi gadhah [[paningal|mata]] ingkang warni [[abang|abrit]]. Salah satunggaling ingkang damel ungguling para Decepticons punika nalika wonten nginggil, amargi kathahipun anggota Decepticons punika saged mabur, béda kaliyan para Autobots ingkang paling ahli wonten dalan-dalan.

Pangertosan sanès Decepticons wonten ing sapérangan basa ing antawisipun: ''Decepticans''' (ing [[Prancis]]), '''Distructors''' (ing [[Italia]]), '''Robotikák''' uatwi '''Álcák''' (ing [[Hungaria]]), '''Robotikus''' (ing [[Malaysia]]), '''Decepticonit''' (ing [[Finlan]]), '''Bedragarna''' (ing [[Swèdhen]]) lan '''Shakranikim''' (ing [[Israel]]).

Sami kados déné Autobots, Decepticons punika ugi gadhah saperangans sekutu, ing antawisipun [[Constructicons]], [[Insecticons]], [[Combaticons]], [[Terrorcons]], [[Predacons]], lan [[Seacons]].

== Transformers G1 ==

Kados déné Autobots, Decepticons punika satunggaling grup robot ingkang dipundame déning [[Quintessons]] minangka piranti kanggé kegiyatan militer (wondene Autobots punika kanggé komersial). Salah satunggaling ingkang damel Decepticons ungguh tinimbang Autobots inggih punika wonten ing teknologinipun, sedaya anggota Decepticons punika saged mabur wondene Autobots punika boten saged.

Sangang yuta taun kapungkur, [[Megatron]] kanthi tegel mateni sedaya pemimpin Autobots. Piyambakipun lajeng dados idola saking robot enem ingkang anama orion Pax amargi kemampuan maburipun wau. Nalika Pax kepanggih kaliyan Megatron, piyambakipun boten ngira bilih Megatron punika gadhah watak ala. Pax lajeng dipunpateni déning Megatron. Nanging wonten setunggal kelompok robot ingkang boten dipunmangertosi (inggih punika [[Aerialbots]]) ingkang kasil nulungi Pax. Awakipun Pax ingkang sampun ajur lajeng dipunbeta dhateng bengkel kagunganipun [[Alpha Trion]] lajeng pungkasan dipunrakit malih dados [[Optimus Prime]].

Sekawan yuta tahun saklajengipun, pihak Decepticons ingkang sampun nampi kabar bilih [[Autobots]] badhe nilar Cybertron ingkang nembe nglampahi krisis energi. Boten dangu saking punika, Megatron nututi Autobots kanggé ngalahaken. Nalika kapal Autobots lan Decepticons kepanggih wonten ing akasa, boten sengaja gaya gravitasi Bumi narik satemah kekalih Autobots saha Decepticons mapan wonten ing Planet [[Bumi]]. Pesawat Autobots lan Decepticons lajeng nglampahi kacilakan kanthi nabrak gunung berapi.

Nalika taun 1984 utawi gansal yuta tahun saksampunipun kacilakan kasebat, gunung kasebat nglampahi erupsi lan damel ''[[computer]] [[Teletraan]]'' urip malih. Kanthi ngginakaken satelit mini, Teletraan damel sedaya anggota Transformers punika gesang malih. Ingkang langkung rumiyin urip inggih punika Decepticons, lajeng nembe Autobots. Saklajengipun Autobots pikantuk rencang manungsa nalika wonten ing Bumi. Wondene Decepticons badhe ngumpulaken energi ingkang sakkathah-kathahipun lan menawi saged dumugi telas nalika sami wonten ing Bumi. Lajeng energi kasebat badhe dipunkintun dhateng [[Shockwave]] ingkang wonten ing Cybertron kanthi ngginakaken ''jembatan akasa''.

Nanging boten sakterusipun pihak Decepticons punika musuhan kaliyan Autobots. Sae Megatron menapa Optimus Prime punika naté nglampahi kerja sareng-sareng, ing antawisipun kanggé damel mandeg tumindakipun [[Insecticons]] sareng kaliyan [[Combaticons]] ingkang gadhah kekarepan badhe nabrakaken Bumi kaliyan Cybertron.

Nalika taun 2005, Decepticons punika saged kasil nguasani Cybertron, nanging namung sekedhap saderengipun serangan ageng ingkang asalipun saking [[Unicron]], ing mriku Cybertron saged dipunkuasani déning Autobots. Wonten ing perang ageng kasebat, rawuh ugi pihak [[Quintenssons]] ingkang sampun dangu ical amargi boten saged ngendalekaken Autobots lan Decepticons. Piyambakipun punika gadhah kekarepan badhe musnahaken Autobots lan ugi Decepticons kanthi mendhet kendali Cybertron malih. Kangge nglajengaken kekarepan kasebat, Quintessons kadosdene mihak marang Decepticons ingkang samenika dipunpimpin déning [[Galvatron]] (reinkarnasi saking Megatron).

Pungkasan Decepticons punika kalah wonten ing perang wau. Satemah Galvatron punika badhe pados galaksi sanesipun ingkang saged dipunkalahaken lajeng nyumanggakaken dhateng Autobots supados seneng-seneng wonten ing Cybertron lan ugi wonten ing Bumi.

== Transformers: Animated ==
Wonten ing serial enggal [[Transformers: Animated]], Decepticons punika medal kanggé madosi Allspark. Saksampunipun kasil anggenipun ngidentifikasi barang ingkang sampun dipunpanggihaken déning [[Optimus Prime]], Megatron punika lajeng gadhah inisiatif kanggé nyerang Autobots lan ngrebut Allspark, nanging kanthi boten dipunmangertosi déning Megatron, Starscream nempel bom wonten ing awakipun Megatron. Wondene nalika piyambakipun nyerang Autobots, bom kasebat lajeng njebluk. Sinaosa Megatron punika boten mati, Optimus punika saged ngajuraken Megatron satemah dhawah dhateng Bumi wonten ing wewengkon [[Detroit]] lajeng mustakanipun saged kapanggihaken déning [[Isaac Sumdac]].

Seket taun salajengipun, Starscream punika kepengin ngrebut Allspark saking Autobots, nanging boten kasil. Boten dangu saking punika Megatron bangkit malih mawi kunci ingkang sampun wonten ing astanipun [[Sari Sumdac]]. Kanthi dipunbiyantu déning [[COnstructicons]], Megatron punika saged kasil pikantuk badan ingkang enggal, nanging Starscream malah mati nalika tarung kaliyan Autobots.

Megatron lajeng ngripta pasukan [[Dinobots]] ingkang samangke malah kerjasama kaliyan Autobots. Mangertos bilih usahanipun boten kasil, Megatron lajeng damel [[Soundwave]] lajeng dipunparingaken dhateng Sari minangka bebungah tanggap warsa. Usahanipun Megatron boten kasil malih, lajeng pungkasan piyambakipun nglawan Autobots.

== Transformers film ==
=== Film 2007 ===
Wonten ing [[film]] [[Transformers (film)|Transformers]] karyanipun sutradara [[Michael Bay]] punika, Decepticons medal kaliyan kathah anggota kadosdene Megatron, [[Starscream]], [[Frenzy]], [[Blackout]], [[Barricade (Transformers)|Barricade]], [[Scorponok]], [[Devastator]], lan [[Bonecrusher]]. Nanging namung kalih ingkang tasih urip dumugi pungkasaning cariyos film punika inggih punika Starscream lan Scorponok.

=== Revenge of the Fallen ===
Wonten ing film sekuel Transformer 2007 punika, Decepticons medal kanthi kekiyatan enggal kanggé paring piwales awit kalahipun Decepticons marang Autobots. Decepticons punika taksih dipunpimpin déning Megatron saksampunipun dipunbangkitaken déning Doctor kanthi ngginakaken pecahan Allspark ingkang saged ngasilaken energon.

== Pirsani ugi ==
* [[Daftar anggota Decepticons]]

== Pranala njawi ==
* [http://republikformula1.blogspot.com/2008/06/top-10-autobots-decepticons.html Top 10 Decepticons versi Republik F1]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086817/trivia Transformers kartun trivia]
* [http://www.transformers-fans.de Galeri mainan dan berita Transformers dari Jerman]
* [http://www.transformertoys.co.uk Situs Transformers terbesar dan dibuka sejak 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628121514/http://www.transformertoys.co.uk/ |date=2009-06-28 }}
* [http://thejerseydevilfactsheet.com/soundwave/index.html Situs penghargaan untuk Soundwave - Situs baru (2007) karya Abraxas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321042536/http://thejerseydevilfactsheet.com/soundwave/index.html |date=2008-03-21 }}

[[Kategori:Decepticon| ]]
[[Kategori:Grup Transformers]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stagen</title>
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      <text bytes="502" sha1="jccjyd3krxryjx5ifw9n0uwsbia4oy6" xml:space="preserve">'''Stagèn''' ya iku kain kaya selendhang sing gunané kanggo ngiket [[weteng|padharan]]. Biasané dienggo déning [[ibu|ibu-ibu]] utawa kaum hawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kasuryanstagen.com/blog/filosofi-stagen/|title=Filosofi Stagen: Makna Dalam Kebudayaan Jawa - Kasuryan Stagen|date=2023-06-07|language=id|access-date=2023-06-18}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Réferènsi==

[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 2]]

[[id:Stagen]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alas Mangrove Karangsong</title>
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      <text bytes="5681" sha1="ay33zwm5r4i9zijrupnx5o6n13ottb8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox forest
| name = Alas Mangrove Karangsong
| photo = Karangsong beach in Indramayu, West Java.jpg
| photo_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|-6.3025556|108.3684013|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map = Indonesia Indramayu Regency
| county = [[Kabupatèn Indramayu|Indramayu]]
| region = [[Jawa Kulon]]
| country = [[Indonésia]]
| area = 5,6 Ha
}}
'''Alas Mangrove Karangsong''' ([[basa Indonésia]]: ''Hutan Mangrove Karangsong'') iku alas ''mangrove'' lan papan wisata kang kapernah ing Pasisir Karangsong, ing Désa Karangsong, [[Indramayu, Indramayu|Kacamatan Indramayu]], [[Kabupatèn Indramayu]]. 

== Wedharan ==
Alas kang ambané watara 5,6 Ha&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13308089/arboretum-mangrove-karangsong-tempat-belajar-mangrove-di-habitat-alaminya?page=all|title=Arboretum Mangrove Karangsong, Tempat Belajar Mangrove di Habitat Alaminya|last=|first=|date=2017-08-02|work=National Geographic Indonesia|access-date=2019-01-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; iki minangka laladan panyanggan (''buffer zone'') tumrap [[abrasi]] saka [[Sagara Jawa]]. Laladan kang tinanduran ''mangrove'' ana ing sungapaning Kali Praja Gumiwang utawa aran Sungapan Song.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pertamina.com/id/news-room/csr-news/fakta-menarik-hutan-mangrove-karangsong-indramayu|title=Fakta Menarik Hutan Mangrove Karangsong Indramayu|last=|first=|date=|website=pertamina.com|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027122857/https://www.pertamina.com/id/news-room/csr-news/fakta-menarik-hutan-mangrove-karangsong-indramayu|archive-date=2022-10-27|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alas iki karumat kawit 2008 lan kagolong isih tumuwuh, mula daya resepan karboné isih sedhengan, kang kèhé 19,818 ton C saben hèktare. Alas ''mangrove'' kang suwéné wis 25 taun lumrahé duwé kandhutan karbon kèhé 182,5 ton C saben hèktare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/895625/pertamina-tanam-ribuan-bibit-mangrove-di-indramayu|title=Pertamina Tanam Ribuan Bibit Mangrove di Indramayu|last=|first=|date=2017-07-30|work=TEMPO.CO|access-date=2019-01-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajarah ==

=== Rusaking alas ===
Alas ''mangrove'' Karangsong isih rungkud ing watara taun 1970-1980. Ing taun 1983, rusaking alas wiwit katon sawisé ilèning Kali Cimanuk kaénggokaké ngener Dhusun Waledan ing Désa Lamaran Tarung. Pangénggoké ilèning kali iku njalari Désa Karangsong ora olèh sèdhimèn, kang temahané njalari abrasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/16/11/21/ogzl4k396-belajar-dari-kearifan-lokal-masyarakat-desa-karangsong|title=Belajar dari Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Desa Karangsong|last=|first=|date=2016-11-21|work=republika.co.id|access-date=2019-01-13|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliya saka iku, rusaking alas ''mangrove'' saya ndadra nalika urang windu dadi trèn ing taun 1995. Kala samana, alas ''mangrove'' dibabat wong akèh saperlu didadèkaké tambak urang windu. Tundhoné, laladan pasisir ora kaayoman saka alun sagara kang njalari abrasi saya ndadra. Wusana, tambak-tambak urang malah ditinggal wong-wong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Paugeran désa ===
Alas ''mangrove'' iki rinumat kawit taun 2008 déning Kelompok Tani Lestari kanthi cara mulihaké kaanan alas kaya kawitan. Upaya iku ing kawitan kerep nemahi gagal amarga palemahan kang arep kapulihaké duwé hak guna usaha (HGU) kanggo tambak. Amarga iku, ing taun 2009, Peraturan Desa (Perdes) No. 9 kinukuhaké kanggo ngreksa laladan ''mangrove'' iki. Ing paugeran désa iku, palemahan 2,5 hèktare ora kena kanggo budidaya (''usaha'') lan kinukuhaké minangka pangayoman ''mangrove''. Wong kang konangan ngrusak ''mangrove'' bakal kaplaksana nandur 100 wit ''mangrove'' anyar nganti thukul.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Sana wisata lan wiyata ===
Alas iki kinepyakaké dadi ékowisata kawit taun 2010 tekan 2014 lumantar program CSR [[Pertamina|PT Pertamina]] Refinery Unit VI Balongan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ing kawitan, 5.000 wit katandur ing alas iki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ing taun 2012, 10.000 wit katandur. Ing 2014, dalanan kayu dawané 750 mèter ginawé kanggo wong plesiran kang arep ngambah alas ''mangrove''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ing taun 2015, panggonan iki karancang minangka punjer ''mangrove'' tumrap wewengkon kulon Indonésia déning Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Siti Nurbaya, nalika mbukak Karangsong Mangrove Festival. Kanthi mangkono, Alas Mangrove Karangsong ingajab dadi punjer wiyata bab buwengan (''lingkungan'') lan laboratoriyum ''mangrove''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Nembé ing taun 2017, Alas Mangrove Karangsong kinepyakaké minangka punjer wiyata lan riset babagan ''mangrove'' tumrap wewengkon Indonésia iring kulon'','' déné alas mangrove ing Surabaya minangka punjer wiyata lan riset tumrap wewengkon Indonésia iring wétan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/10/30/karangsong-named-a-mangrove-research-center.html|title=Karangsong named a mangrove research center|last=Sufa|first=Theresia|date=2017-10-30|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2019-01-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pangaji ==
Paguyuban kang ngrumat alas ''mangrove'' iki olèh pangaji loro kang gegayutan karo upayané mulihaké buwengan''.'' Pangajiné iku ''Penghargaan Penyelamatan Lingkungan'' saka Bupati Indramayu lan Raksa Prasada tumrap pawongan/paguyuban kang perduli marang buwengan saka Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi Jawa Kulon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Kabupatèn Indramayu]]</text>
      <sha1>ay33zwm5r4i9zijrupnx5o6n13ottb8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>USS Jenkins (DD-447)</title>
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      <text bytes="896" sha1="q3kkja0uill5l9ybqmjageqidsdad4v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:USS Jenkins (DD-447) off the Mare Island Naval Shipyard on 15 January 1944.jpg|300px|right|thumb|USS Jenkins (DD-447), taun 1944]]
'''USS ''Jenkins''''' yaiku prau panumpes kelas Fletcher nalika [[Perang Donya II]] ing [[Wadya Sagara Amérika Sarékat]]. Prau iki kapernahaké rikala 21 Juni 1942 ing [[Kearny, New Jersey]]. Prau kasebut dijenengi saka Laksmana Mudha [[Thornton A. Jenkins]]. Prau iki lolos perang lan kabungkar rikala 17 Fèbruari 1971.
==Réferensi==
{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/j/jenkins-ii.html}}

==Pranala njaba==
*[http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/447.htm        navsource.org: USS ''Jenkins''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225235915/http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/447.htm |date=2020-02-25 }}
{{Prau panumpes klas Fletcher}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jenkins (DD-447)}}
[[Kategori:Prau taun 1942]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dhegelen</title>
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      <text bytes="20648" sha1="rrq5e5ez3ofy2zmg2ai6rewaexz3e8h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease||Name=Sembelit|ICD10={{ICD10|K|59|0|k|55}}|ICD9={{ICD9|564.0}}|ICDO=|Image=Constipation.JPG|Caption=Foto hasil [[sinar-x]] seorang anak laki-laki yang sedang mengalami konstipasi. Lingkaran menunjukan area penumpukan tinja.|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=003125|eMedicineSubj=med|eMedicineTopic=2833|DiseasesDB=3080|MeshID=D003248}}

'''Degelen''' kang asring disebut '''konstipasi''' yaiku gangguan [[Sistem pancernan|sistem pencernaan]]  [[manungsa]] (utawa bisa uga ing [[Sato kéwan|kéwan]] ) ngalami panumpukan [[Stool|feces]] sing gedhe banget dadi angel kanggo dibuwang saka utawa diwetokaké lan bisa nimbulaké rasa lara kang gedhe kanggo panandang. Degelen kuat uga diarani '''obstipasi''' . Ana alangan abot bisa nyebabaké kanker usus sing mateni kanggo nandhang lara.

== Cara nyegah ==

* Aja mangan panganan ing sadhengah papan. 
* Ngindhari panganan sing ngemot lemak lan gula sing dhuwur. 
* ngombe [[banyu]] putih sawetara 1,5 nganti 2 [[liter]] banyu (bab 8 kaca tingal) saka dina adi lan luwih saben dina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jangan Biarkan Sembelit Berlarut-larut&quot;&gt;[http://health.kompas.com/read/2011/03/28/12001824/Jangan%20Biarkan%20Sembelit%20Berlarut-larut Jangan Biarkan Sembelit Berlarut-larut]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Ulah raga|Olahraga]], kaya ta lumaku-lumaku (joging) bisa ditindakaké. Paling sithik 10-15 menit kanggo latihan entheng, lan paling ora 2 jam kanggo olahraga sing luwih abot. 
* Mbiasakaké mbuwang hajat lan ora seneng nahan gerakan usus. Ora perlu meksa mbuwang saben dina yen ora ana stimulasi amarga siklus pencernaan saben wong beda. 
* Konsumsi panganan sing akeh serat, kaya ta [[Woh|woh-wohan]] lan [[Jangan|sayuran]] . 
* Turu paling ora 4 jam dina. 
* Tambahaké panganan kanggo panganan, kajaba lombok. 
* Diet ora kakéhan. 
* Mangan panganan anti inflamasi, kaya ta [[Apokat|alpukat]], apel, lan  [[Krambil|kerambil]] . 
* Push up

== Pangobatan ==
[[Gambar:Running_woman_backside_06-11-2010.jpg|ka|jmpl|300x300px| Lumayu minangka salah sawijining olahraga sing bisa nyuda lan nyegah konstipasi.]]
Pangobatan alami saka dhegelen bisa ditindakaké kanthi ngganti panganan kang luwih sehat, [[Ulah raga|olahraga kanthi]] sregep, ngurutaké weteng lan [[geger]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://benpi-constipation.info/benpi/benpi_fukube.html |title=腹部マッサージで便秘を解消しましょう |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2013-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426103003/http://benpi-constipation.info/benpi/benpi_fukube.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ngombe [[Banyu|banyu akéh]], ngombe omben-omben prebiotik lan probiotik, utawa dadi biasa mbuwang hajat saben dina kanthi gawé jadwal ngising disebut ''bowel'' ''training paling njero.'' Babagan pengobatan ngguyu uga bisa rampung, amarga ngguyu ing refleks otot-otot weteng kanggo mindhah supaya weteng kepijetmangkono pancingan peristalsis usus lan Gamelan gerakan bagean paling njero.

Degelen uga bisa mari utawa ditanggulangi dening ngekum sikil ing  banyu adhem. Sikil dikum nganti krasa adhem banget. Terapi iki uga bisa ngatasi sikil perih, perdarahan irung, lan [[insomnia]] .

Semana uga, kanthi ''kepeksa'' sethitik, biasané kanggo wong-wong kanthi alangan, yaiku kanthi njupuk obat pencahar diarani ''laxatives'' (sing kadhangkala nyebabaké [[weteng]] rumangsa cengkrongan,  utawa uga ketergantungan laxative), nyedhot feses  kanthi alat khusus, terapi serat, lan operasi (sanajan pilihan iki arang banget).

Tekanan ing saluran pencernaan sithik banget kanggo nyuda feses saka usus. Supaya tekanan kudu dhuwur, bagean ndhuwur usus kudu digawé supaya tekanan luwih dhuwur tinimbang ngisor, kanthi masang banyu es ing weteng lan banyu anget ing bokong. Iki biasané ditrapaké kanggo sembelit sing dumadakan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://health.detik.com/read/2013/06/24/181518/2282874/763/sulit-bab-tempelkan-air-es-di-perut-dan-air-hangat-di-pantat?l771108bcj Sulit BAB? Tempelkan Air Es di Perut dan Air Hangat di Pantat]&lt;/ref&gt;

Supaya wong sing ngalami sembelit bisa pulih kanthi cepet, mula para penderita ora oleh:

* Nahan rasa mbuwang hajat. 
* Mangan panganan kanthi cepet lan panas. 
* Mangan ing porsi gedhe. 
* Ngombe omben [[Kaféin|kafein]] lan omben-omben soda. 
* Ngonsumsi panganan utawa ombenan sing adhem.

== Sebabé ==
Degelen yaiku keluhan sing paling umum ing sistem pencernaan lan umumé ditemokaké ing komunitas sing luwih akéh kalebu ing sekitar kita. Nyatané, kira-kira sekitar 80% wong ngalami konstipasi. Penyebab konstipasi utawa dhegelening saubengé kalebu: {{Fact|date=September 2012}}

* Kekurangan cairan [[Badan|awak]] utawa dehidrasi .&lt;ref name=&quot;Kurang Minum, Anak Sekolah Rentan Sembelit&quot;&gt;[http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2011/05/30/107337568/Kurang-Minum-Anak-Sekolah-Rentan-Sembelit Kurang Minum, Anak Sekolah Rentan Sembelit]{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Kasedhiya saka panas nang . 
* Stres utawa depresi lan kegiatan sing cukup kandhel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://benpi-constipation.info/benpi/benpi_utsubyou.html |title=うつ病とも関係する便秘 |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2013-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405002458/http://benpi-constipation.info/benpi/benpi_utsubyou.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Efek [[hormon]] ing awak (umpamané nalika [[Nggarap sari|haid]] utawa meteng). 
* Usus kurang elastis (biasané amarga ana nalika meteng utawa umur tuwa). 
* Kelainan [[anatomi]] ing sistem pencernaan. 
* Pola gaya urip lan pola mangan sing kurang biasa (kaya ta panganan sing ala). 
* Efek samping saka njupuk obat sing ngemot [[Kalsiyum|kalsium]] utawa [[Alumuniyum|aluminium]] (umpamané antidiarrheal, analgesik, lan obat antacid ).  
* Kurang asupan [[vitamin C]] lan kekurangan panganan sing berserat. 
* Apa gejala [[Lelara|penyakit]] (umpamané typhus lan hernias ). 
* Asring tahan stimulasi kanggo defecate suwene suwe. 
* Emosi, amarga wong sing emosi utawa kuatir karo spasme usus, mula usus pertalti mandheg lan usus gedhe nyuda cairan fase. Akibate, bangku kasebut dadi angel. 
* Jarang utawa kurang olahraga.&lt;ref name=&quot;9 Penyebab Konstipasi&quot;&gt;[http://health.kompas.com/read/2011/02/09/1635535/9.Penyebab.Konstipasi 9 Penyebab Konstipasi]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Konsumsi serat sing berlebihan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.femina.co.id/isu.wanita/kesehatan/salak.vs.pencernaan/005/005/54 Salak vs pencernaan]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Mangan daging sing kakéhan. Utamané daging abang amarga angel dicerna lan akéh wesi. Wesi minangka bahan sing ndadekaké pengkerané najis, dadi peteng lan ireng.  
* Saka penyalahgunaan narkoba, kaya ta obat pencahar. Contone, panggunaan laxatives migunani kanggo ngetokaké peristalsis. Suwe-suwe usus wis biasa lan gumantung saka obat kasebut, nyebabaké reaksi usus alon, lan nyegah peristalsis usus bebas. 
* Panganan beku ngirit wektu lan tenaga nanging nyebabaké akéh masalah kesehatan. Panganan beku duwe serat sing sithik banget lan akéh pengawét sing bisa ngganggu gerakan usus. Kaya es krim sing ora ngemot meh ora ana serat supaya ora bisa ngontrol gerakan usus sing digandhengaké karo isi gula lan susu ing njerone bisa harden najis.  
* Mangan woh-wohan utawa sayur-sayuran tartamtu sing bisa ngetrapaké kekotoran alami kanthi [[gedhang]] kaya [[gedhang]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Biang Keladi yang Bisa Bikin Perut Sembelit&quot;&gt;[http://health.detik.com/read/2013/07/11/080118/2298798/763/ini-biang-keladi-yang-bisa-bikin-perut-sembelit Biang Keladi yang Bisa Bikin Perut Sembelit]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tandha lan gejala ==
[[Gambar:Blonde_woman_sitting_on_toilet.jpg|ka|200x200px]]
Gejala lan pratandha bakal beda karo siji wong liya, amarga diet, [[hormon]], gaya urip lan bentuk saben [[Usus gedhé|usus gedhe]] beda, nanging biasané gejala lan pratandha sing asring ditemokaké ing umumé utawa kadang sawetara penderita minangka nderek :

* Lambung kasebut rumangsa kebak, lengkap, lan malah krasa kaku amarga tumpukan kukul (yen bangku wis tumpuk udakara udakara 1 minggu utawa luwih, weteng pasien bisa katon kaya dheweke ngandut). 
* Sayuran dadi luwih angel, luwih panas, luwih tipis, luwih sithik tinimbang biasané (kurang saka 30 [[gram]] ), lan malah bisa mbentuk cilik nalika parah. 
* Ing wektu defecation dhingklik angel mbusak utawa dibuwak, kadhangkala kudu push utawa remet [[weteng]] sakdurunge supaya narik metu dhingklik (malah menyang ombone saka [[Wasir|hemorrhoids]] lan sweaty kadhemen ). 
* Swara [[swara]] ing weteng. 
* Duri ngrasa kebak, lan rumangsa gebug diiringi lara amarga ngelek-elek ing bangku panas lan atos. 
* Frekuensi gerakan usus ditambah karo mambu sing luwih elek tinimbang biasané (sok-sok pasien ngalami kangelan utawa ora bisa urinate). 
* Frekuensi usus sing suda, lan nambah wektu transit usus (biasané cacat nganti 3 dina utawa luwih). 
* Kadhangkala ngalami mual lan muntah yen lagi parah. 
* Sakit punggung yen ana bangku cukup. 
* [[Cangkem|Nafas ora enak]] .

Kanggo gejala psikologis sing bisa kedadeyan ing wong sing ngalami constipation, antara liya:

* Kurang kapercayan 
* Luwih seneng sepi utawa jarak saka wong-wong ing sekitar. 
* Isih keluwen, nanging yen mangan bakal kebak banget (luwih-luwih nalika meteng weteng bakal krasa pedhot ) amarga papan ing [[Weteng|weteng saya]] suda. 
* Emosi mundhak kanthi cepet. 
* Palpitations asring banget emosi sing nyebabaké stres supaya [[Lara sirah|sirah]] utawa demam . 
* Badan ora pas, ora puas, ora kepenak, kesel, lan rumangsa abot banget supaya kesusu kanggo nindakaké sesuatu sanajan sok ngantuk ngantuk. 
* Kurang bungah ing kegiatan kasebut. 
* Kagiyatan saben dina kaget amarga kakéhan awak sing nyebabaké kualitas kualitas lan produktivitas kerja. 
* Kapabilitas bisa nyuda.

== Degelen lan wanita ==
[[Berkas:Sembelit.jpg|ka|jmpl|240x240px| Wanita sing krasa weteng ora kepenak amarga sembelit.]]
Degelen minangka pain kanggo wanita. Kanggo pirang-pirang dina ora rusak, mesthi nggawé weteng dadi kesel. Ora mung ngono, weteng krasa ora kuwatir amarga proses pembuangan dadi ora lancar nganti pirang-pirang dina utawa minggu. Perbandingan kasebut yaiku papat wanita karo wong lanang siji. Buruh wanita sing umur 18-55 taun luwih cenderung ngalami indigestion, utamané constipation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Activia Blogger's Day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.activia.co.id/file/Summary%20Bloggers%20day%2019%20Jul%202011..pdf |title=Activia Blogger's Day |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2014-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222102403/http://www.activia.co.id/file/Summary%20Bloggers%20day%2019%20Jul%202011..pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Panyebab wanita asring ngalami sembelit yaiku:

* Kekuwatan sphincter lan weteng sing luwih lemah tinimbang wong lanang luwih angel wanita ngalami cacat yen dibandhingaké karo lanang. 
* Yen ana kepinginan bencong ing papan umum utawa njaba omah, wanita seneng ora rumangsa ora bisa cacat amarga ana alesan kaya ta rasa isin utawa nesu ing jamban umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://constipationinwomen.com/constipation-in-women-causes.html |title=Constipation in women causes |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219121515/http://constipationinwomen.com/constipation-in-women-causes.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Akeh wanita sing mangan gedhe banget. Peristalsis saka usus misale jek diabaikan kanthi pola diet sing ora bener. Penyebab utama amarga kekurangan intaké serat. 
* Corpus luteum sing ngasilaké progesteron hormon bisa nglumpukaké kelembapan ing awak. Akibaté, cairan kanggo nyusup najis dikurangi, saéngga bangku dadi angel lan angel dicopot (iki minangka hormon fisiologis saka haid lan meteng). 
* Ing kandhutan awal, ana rasa wedi marang wanita nalika rusak banget bakal nyebabaké janin metu nganti keguguran. Iki amarga ana anggapan sing sempit sajrone defecation padha karo strat sajrone tenaga kerja. Umumé wanita ngandhut ngalami sembelit nalika meteng. Utamané nalika meteng tekan trimester kaping tiga utawa udakara 7 wulan. 
* Wangun pelvis wanita sing amba kanggo ngusir janin bisa nggawé usus dadi ora stabil. Kajaba iku, kanggo akumulasi lemak awak lan getih cenderung uga diklumpukaké ing panggul uga. 
* Bentuk usus wanita ngidini distorsi amarga panggul wanita sing gedhe, mula bangku angel gampang macet ing kana (umpamané, bohlam rektum). 
* Padharan wanita iku luwih sempit amarga ana janin lan ovari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jangan Biarkan Sembelit Berlarut-larut&quot;/&gt; 
* Tekanan amarga sindrom usus sing gampang nesu (IBS) amarga usus dadi disebrat, banjur nyebabaké alangan, mula tinjau kasebut kepepet ing kana.

== Kelainan kulit ==
[[Gambar:Akne-jugend.jpg|ka|jmpl|180x180px| Degelen bisa nyebabaké breakout rai.]]
Kelainan [[kulit]] biasané ora bisa ditemokaké ing wong sing ngalami sembelit biasa lan luwih gampang cenderung nyerang wong sing ngalami stres. Yen panandhang nduweni sistem kekebalan lemah, mula kelainan kasebut bakal saya tambah. Alesan kasebut amarga [[racun]] utawa racun sing asale saka feces, kalebu [[karbon dioksida]] lan asam laktat saka pencernaan panganan sing nglumpukaké ing [[Usus gedhé|usus gedhe]] lan mbebani kinerja [[ati]] . Amarga kinerja ati mbobot, awak ora bisa ngasilaké getih sing resik lan metabolisme diganggu. Akibaté, kakébalan sing nyuda, nyebabaké gejala amarga panyebaran toksin iki sing bisa katon langsung ing kulit pasien.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://benpi-constipation.info/benpi/benpi_hadaare.html |title=肌荒れも引き起こす便秘 |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2013-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405003346/http://benpi-constipation.info/benpi/benpi_hadaare.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Toksin sing diserep ing usus gedhe uga bisa nyuda proses penyerapan gizi, nyebabaké reaksi alergi, lan malah nyebabaké penyakit yen sistem kekebalan awak saya ringkih.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jangan Biarkan Sembelit Berlarut-larut&quot;/&gt;

Gangguan sing bisa kedadeyan, umpamané, kulit katon kurang kusut, kulit ngrasa kasar, bintik-bintik ireng, [[Kukul|pimples]], eczema, lan liya-liyané. Biasané kelainan kasebut mung bisa ilang yen pasien wis pulih saka sembelit utawa obesif.

== Epidemiologi ==

* Saben taun ing [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amerika]], luwih saka 2,5 yuta wong menyang dokter lan ngentekaké 725 yuta dolar amarga sembelit. 
* Contipasi biasané dumadi ing wanita (amarga faktor fisik lan psikologis), wong tuwa (amarga kinerja sistem pencernaan ing wong tuwa wiwit mudhun), lan bocah-bocah (amarga sistem pencernaan ing bocah ora banget sampurna).&lt;ref name=&quot;Epi89&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sonnenberg|first=A|last2=Koch|first2=TR|year=1989|title=Epidemiology of constipation in the United States|journal=Dis Colon Rectum|volume=32|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.1007/BF02554713|pmid=2910654}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Udakara 12% populasi ing saindenging jagad ngalami sembelit.&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPAÑA ENTRE LOS PAÍSES CON MÁS ESTREÑIMIENTO (final)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dulcolaxo.es/es/Main/Notas_de_Prensa/Poster_Epi_data_FINAL_06.05.08.pdf |title=Wald A, Kamm MA, Muller-Lissner SA, Scarpignato C, Marx W, Schuijt C. The BI Omnibus Study: An international survey of community prevalence of constipation and laxative use in adults. Digestive Disorders Week. 20–25 May 2006. Abstract T1255. Retrieved 7-18-2010. |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302132114/http://www.dulcolaxo.es/es/Main/Notas_de_Prensa/Poster_Epi_data_FINAL_06.05.08.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Pendhaftaran saka pasien alangan, kira-kira 3% saka total pendapatan pasien.&lt;ref name=&quot;walia&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Walia|first=R.|last2=Mahajan|first2=L.|last3=Steffen|first3=R.|year=2009|title=Recent advances in chronic constipation|journal=Curr Opin Pediatr|volume=21|issue=5|pages=661–6|doi=10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ff241|pmid=19606041}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Kemungkinan wong kena pengaruh saka sembelit ing sawijining masyarakat yaiku 2 nganti 30%.  
* Udakara 50% pasien sembelit sing lunga menyang rumah sakit sambat yen gerakan usus dicegah.  
* Cacahing pendhudhuk ing Amerika Serikat lan Asia-Pasifik udakara 17,3%, kaping pindho dibandhingaké karo Eropa yaiku 8,75%.&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPAÑA ENTRE LOS PAÍSES CON MÁS ESTREÑIMIENTO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dulcolaxo.es/es/Main/Notas_de_Prensa/espaa-estreimiento.pdf |title=Wald A, Kamm MA, Muller-Lissner SA, Scarpignato C, Marx W, Schuijt C. The BI Omnibus Study: A new study, sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, provides new information on the incidence of constipation and shows that those affected do not use more effective treatments. Digestive Disease Week. 23 May 2006. Abstract T1255. |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-date=20 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620150224/http://www.dulcolaxo.es/es/Main/Notas_de_Prensa/espaa-estreimiento.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Udakara 25% penderita dhegelencenderung ora bisa nindakaké apa-apa kanggo ngobati dhegelensing dialami, lan dheweke luwih seneng ngeculaké kanthi mandhiri.  Udakara 20% wong sing ngalami sembelit ora bisa ngremehaké gejala sanajan dheweke wis ngalami pirang-pirang wulan lan mikir normal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.activia.ru/problems.html |title=что мешает свет |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2012-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010063825/http://activia.ru/problems.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Udakara pihak katelu sing nggunakaké julap sembelit, sanajan ana tinjauan anyar sing ditampilaké

yen julap iku perawatan aman lan efektif.&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPAÑA ENTRE LOS PAÍSES CON MÁS ESTREÑIMIENTO&quot;/&gt;

* Udakara 18% wong sing ngalami sembelit ora bisa musataké ing karya lan mula 12% wong uga ora bisa ngrampungaké tugas kanthi bener.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.activiaturkiye.com/sindirim_sistemimiz/saglikli_sindirimsistemine_ihtiyac.aspx |title=Saglikli Sindirimsistemine Ihtiyac |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2012-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807155659/http://www.activiaturkiye.com/sindirim_sistemimiz/saglikli_sindirimsistemine_ihtiyac.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halangan pseudo ==
Kadhangkala, wong kuwatir banget nandhang lara sembelit, nanging sejatine ora ngalami sembelit. Nyalahaké salah yen saben wong ora ngala-ngilang saben dina, mula dheweke dikandhani constipation. Yaiku salah sawijining irama alami awak. Irama alami awak ngatur kabèh, kalebu &quot;jadwal alam&quot; kanggo defecation. Sawetara wong sing sehat malah cacat kaping telu seminggu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dulcolax:Type of Costipation&quot;&gt;[http://www.dulcolax.com/constipation/different_types.html Types of constipation]{{Pranala mati|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawise ngombe julap, pangguna kadang-kadang bakal ngalami wektu yen dheweke ora rusak. Iki amarga usus gedhe banget kosong (meh ora ana tinjau), sawise julise nuduhaké efek kasebut. Biasané bakal entuk siji nganti rong dina sadurunge usus gedhe diisi lan dikontrak.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dulcolax:Type of Costipation&quot;/&gt;

== Sing liyané ==
Munculaké rasa lara ati lan rasa lara ing [[weteng]] ora mesthi dadi tandha lan gejala, uga heartburn lan pain sing ora bisa ditrapaké uga ora nyebabaké gejala penyakit kasebut. Ing anak,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kurang Minum, Anak Sekolah Rentan Sembelit&quot;/&gt; dhegelenbisa mimpin kanggo soiling ( enuresis lan encopresis ).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=111&amp;sectionId=1 NHS direct] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305012620/http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=111&amp;sectionId=1 |date=2008-03-05 }} page on constipation.&lt;/ref&gt; Degelen pancen ngganggu, nanging dhegelenisih dibutuhaké dening awak kanggo ngimbangi proses pencernaan lan nyegah diverticulosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;ICN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ic-network.com/forum/showthread.php?t=73583 |title=Fascinating Study On Diverticulosis |access-date=2019-11-23 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504231021/http://ic-network.com/forum/showthread.php?t=73583 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deleng uga ==

* [[Mbusak|Ngéséng]] 
* [[Diaré|Diare]]

== Cathetan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Link njaba ==

* {{En icon}} [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec09/ch129/ch129b.html Merck Home 09-129b] 
* {{En icon}} [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/constipation.html MedlinePlus Ringkesan constipation] 
* {{En icon}} [http://www.letstalkconstipation.com/basics/do_i_have_it/ Apa sampeyan duwe sembelit sing kronis?] 
* {{En icon}} [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzvWWHoAVvU Cara ngilangi kontipasi kanthi alami]

[[Kategori:Gastroenterologi]]
[[Kategori:Sistem pancernan]]
[[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]]</text>
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Diskusi terbuka untuk seluruh komunitas mengenai isu yang sangat sensitif bagi pengembangan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] kini telah dimulai di Meta, yakni mengenai lokasi penyimpanan konten abstrak yang akan dikembangkan melalui fungsi dari Wikifunctions dan data dari Wikidata. Diskusi ini berlangsung hingga 12 Juni di halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], dan setiap pendapat sangat dihargai. Keputusan akan diambil dan diumumkan oleh Wikimedia Foundation setelah masa konsultasi berakhir.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Mulai pekan lalu, di semua wiki selain [[phab:T388604|20 wiki terbesar]], pengguna penyunting visual pada perangkat seluler kini dapat menggunakan sejumlah [[phab:T385851|perkakas tambahan melalui tombol baru]] bertanda &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; di bilah menu. Perkakas ini mencakup opsi untuk menambahkan referensi, aksara hieroglif, dan blok kode. Fitur ini [[phab:T388605|direncanakan]] akan diterapkan di wiki-wiki lainnya pada bulan Juni.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Fungsi pengurai &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; tidak lagi akan mencatat pranala ke halaman yang menjadi targetnya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan halaman [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], yang ke depannya hanya akan menampilkan halaman yang benar-benar menjadi target dari pranala merah. Perubahan ini akan diterapkan secara bertahap seiring diperbaruinya halaman-halaman sumber. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* Pekan ini, tim Moderator Tools akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|sebuah penyaring baru pada fitur Perubahan Terbaru]], dimulai dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Penyaring ini dirancang untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi untuk dibatalkan (''reverted''). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu para penyunting yang memantau Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali suntingan-suntingan yang mungkin bermasalah. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan mendapatkan manfaat dari penyaring ini di masa mendatang.
* Saat mengeklik bilah pencarian yang masih kosong, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut. Fitur ini tersedia di versi desktop dan seluler. Pembaca Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, Ibrani, dan Italia, serta beberapa proyek saudari lainnya, akan mulai menerima pembaruan ini antara 21 Mei hingga pertengahan Juni. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan menyusul kemudian. Tujuan dari fitur ini adalah untuk mendorong pengguna agar lebih banyak membaca konten wiki. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].
* Beberapa pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini dapat mencoba fitur baru bagi pembaca, yaitu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], sebuah permainan trivia harian yang didasarkan pada peristiwa sejarah nyata. Fitur ini dirilis sebagai uji coba A/B dan tersedia bagi 50% pengguna dalam delapan bahasa: Inggris, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Ekstensi Newsletter]] yang tersedia di MediaWiki.org memungkinkan pembuatan [[mw:Special:Newsletters|berbagai nawala]] bagi pengguna global. Kini, ekstensi tersebut mendukung penerbitan edisi baru sebagai [[mw:Special:Newsletters|pranala bagian]] (''section link'') pada halaman yang sudah ada sehingga tidak lagi memerlukan halaman terpisah untuk setiap edisi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Tampilan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan usang di [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan dihapus pada awal Juni mendatang. Pengguna disarankan untuk beralih menggunakan tampilan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; dan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; yang baru sebagai gantinya.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Pertemuan dan acara'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata dan Proyek Saudari]] (''Wikidata and Sister Projects'') merupakan acara daring yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari dengan fokus pada integrasi Wikidata ke dalam Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya. Acara ini akan diselenggarakan mulai 29 Mei hingga 1 Juni. [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|Jadwal acara sudah tersedia]] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|pendaftaran]] dapat dilakukan sekarang.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 26 Mèi 2025 20.03 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28788673 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: May 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Mèi 2025 02.57 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=28771448 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 &amp; Pengajuan Pertanyaan&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Halo semua,

Tahun ini, periode 2 (dua) tahun jabatan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia untuk kursi perwakilan Komunitas dan Organisasi Afiliasi akan segera berakhir. [1] Dewan Pengawas mengundang seluruh anggota Gerakan Wikimedia untuk ikut serta dalam proses pemilihan tahun ini serta memberikan suara mereka supaya jabatan yang kosong bisa segera terisi.

Komite Pemilihan akan mengawasi tahapan pemilihan ini dengan dukungan dari pegawai Yayasan Wikimedia. [2] Komite Tata Kelola Dewan, terdiri atas para anggota Dewan Pengawas yang tidak menjadi calon dalam tahapan pemilihan Dewan Pengawas untuk kursi perwakilan komunitas dan organisasi afiliasi tahun 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina dan Esra’a Al Shafei), [3] akan bertugas untuk melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan bagi Dewan Pengawas di dalam tahapan pemilihan 2025 ini serta senantiasa menginformasikan perkembangan terbaru kepada Dewan Pengawas. Silakan kunjungi pranala yang tersedia pada catatan kaki di bawah ini untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai peran dari Komite Pemilihan, Dewan Pengawas, dan pegawai Wikimedia. [4]

Berikut merupakan tanggal-tanggal penting untuk tahapan pemilihan tahun ini:

* 22 Mei–5 Juni 2025: Pengumuman (informasi yang sedang Anda baca ini) dan masa pengajuan pertanyaan [6]
* 17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon
* Juli 2025: Jika diperlukan, organisasi afiliasi akan memilih calon Dewan Pengawas yang akan dimasukkan ke tahapan pemilihan berikutnya, apabila terdapat 10 atau lebih calon yang mendaftar [5]
* Agustus 2025: Masa kampanye
* Agustus–September 2025: Masa pemungutan suara komunitas yang akan berlangsung selama dua minggu
* Oktober–November 2025: Pemeriksaan latar belakang dari calon terpilih
* Rapat Dewan Pengawas pada bulan Desember 2025: Penetapan anggota Dewan Pengawas terbaru

Silakan pelajari proses pemilihan 2025 lebih mendalam, termasuk rincian lini masa, proses pencalonan, peraturan kampanye, dan syarat kelayakan pemilih dengan mengakses [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|pranala halaman Meta-Wiki ini]].

'''Pengajuan Pertanyaan'''

Dalam proses pemilihan ini, anggota komunitas berkesempatan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh para calon Dewan Pengawas. Komite Pemilihan akan memilih pertanyaan dari daftar yang telah diajukan oleh anggota komunitas sebelumnya, dan kemudian, para calon akan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Para calon harus menjawab semua pertanyaan wajib yang tercantum dalam formulir pencalonan agar dapat dianggap telah memenuhi syarat. Jika tidak, pencalonan tersebut akan dianggap batal. Pada tahun ini, Komite Pemilihan akan memilih 5 pertanyaan untuk dijawab oleh para calon. Pertanyaan terpilih mungkin merupakan hasil perpaduan dari daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh komunitas, jika ternyata pertanyaan tersebut mirip atau berkaitan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Sukarelawan Pemilihan'''

Cara lain untuk terlibat dalam proses pemilihan 2025 yaitu dengan menjadi Sukarelawan Pemilihan. Sukarelawan Pemilihan akan menjembatani hubungan antara Komite Pemilihan dan komunitas masing-masing. Mereka akan membantu memastikan agar komunitas mereka terwakili dan mengajak anggota komunitas untuk ikut serta memberikan suaranya. Silakan pelajari lebih lanjut tentang program ini dan cara bergabung melalui dengan mengakses [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|pranala halaman Meta Wiki]].

Terima kasih banyak!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Salam hangat,

Victoria Doronina

Narahubung Dewan Pengawas untuk Komite Pemilihan

Komite Tata Kelola Dewan&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 28 Mèi 2025 03.07 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28618011 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|parembugan]]) 29 Mèi 2025 16.47 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Udehb-WMF@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&amp;oldid=28803829 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] kini tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Para penyunting dapat menggunakan ekstensi baru ini untuk membuat visualisasi data interaktif, seperti bagan batang, garis, area, dan lingkaran. Fitur ini dirancang untuk menggantikan banyak fungsi dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|ekstensi Graph]] versi lama.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Pengaturan kutipan otomatis di wiki kini menjadi lebih sederhana melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembuat kutipan]] di penyunting visual. Para pengurus wiki dapat menetapkan templat standar dengan menambahkan kunci &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; di halaman lokal &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|contoh perubahan]]). Penetapan templat standar ini akan membantu menjaga kompatibilitas konfigurasi yang ada ketika [[phab:T347823|jenis butir baru]] ditambahkan di kemudian hari. Meskipun demikian, templat khusus untuk jenis butir tertentu tetap dapat ditetapkan dan akan diutamakan dibandingkan templat bawaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Mulai pekan 2 Juni, bot yang menggunakan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; atau &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; untuk masuk log akan lebih sering mengalami kegagalan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari penerapan perlindungan yang lebih ketat terhadap upaya masuk yang mencurigakan. Bot yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|kata sandi bot]] (''bot password'') atau metode otentikasi tanpa proses masuk log seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] tidak akan terdampak. Jika bot Anda masih menggunakan metode lama tanpa kata sandi bot, sebaiknya segera diperbarui. Penggunaan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; tanpa kata sandi bot telah tidak disarankan sejak [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|tahun 2016]]. Bagi sebagian besar bot, pembaruan ini cukup dengan mengganti kata sandi yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia akan mendukung fitur JavaScript ES2017 untuk kode resmi, gawai, dan skrip pengguna. Salah satu fitur paling mencolok dari ES2017 adalah sintaks &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; yang memungkinkan penulisan kode menjadi lebih mudah dibaca. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2016, dan beberapa bulan sebelumnya terbatas pada ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Pertemuan dan acara'''
* Pendaftaran beasiswa untuk mengikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Konferensi GLAM Wiki 2025]] kini telah dibuka. Konferensi ini akan diselenggarakan pada 30 Oktober hingga 1 November di Lisbon, Portugal. Kontributor GLAM yang tidak memiliki dukungan pendanaan untuk berpartisipasi dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|mengajukan permohonan]] melalui pranala ini. Batas waktu pengajuan beasiswa adalah 7 Juni.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 2 Juni 2025 23.53 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28819186 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Trust and Safety]] sedang menyelesaikan pekerjaan terakhir untuk meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] di beberapa Wikipedia besar pada akhir bulan ini. Tim ini telah bekerja sama dengan para pengurus dan pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut untuk memperkirakan serta mengantisipasi berbagai skenario penggunaan yang mungkin terjadi di wiki berukuran besar, agar anggota komunitas tetap dapat memoderasi dan memantau akun sementara secara efektif. Ini merupakan tahap kedua dari tiga tahap peluncuran. Tahap terakhir paling cepat akan dilakukan pada bulan September. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan terbaru proyek ini, silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|lihat pembaruan ini]]. Jika Anda memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan, silakan tulis di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|ikuti acara CEE Catch Up]] pada hari Selasa ini.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|kedaluwarsa daftar pantauan]] memungkinkan penyunting memantau halaman untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Setelah waktu tersebut berakhir, halaman akan otomatis dihapus dari daftar pantauan. Mulai pekan ini, Anda dapat mengatur preferensi untuk menentukan jangka waktu bawaan dalam memantau halaman. [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|Preferensi]] ini juga memungkinkan Anda menetapkan durasi pantauan yang berbeda untuk penyuntingan halaman yang sudah ada, halaman yang Anda buat, serta saat menggunakan fitur pembatalan suntingan (''rollback''). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Berikut ini adalah tangkapan layar dari peningkatan visual yang diterapkan di halaman pembicaraan|Berikut adalah contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru dalam bahasa Prancis]]
* Tampilan halaman pembicaraan akan mengalami perubahan di hampir semua Wikipedia ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|beberapa]] di antaranya sudah menerima pembaruan desain ini, sementara [[phab:T379264|sebagian lainnya]] akan mendapatkannya dalam waktu dekat). Anda dapat membaca rincian mengenai perubahan ini [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di Diff]]. Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan tampilan baru ini, Anda dapat menonaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|preferensi pengguna]] dengan mematikan opsi &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan tertentu, seperti pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas, dan penatalayan, [[phab:T358853|sekarang dapat secara otomatis melihat]] alamat IP dari seluruh akun sementara selama jangka waktu tertentu. Fitur ini dirancang untuk membantu penanganan vandalisme yang dilakukan dengan cara berpindah-pindah akun secara cepat, dan disediakan berdasarkan permintaan dari para penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* Pekan ini, Tim Perkakas Moderator dan Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|peluncuran penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke beberapa Wikipedia lainnya. Penyaring ini menggunakan model Revert Risk yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi dibatalkan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengidentifikasi kontribusi yang mungkin bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di Wikipedia berikut: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}. Peluncuran ini akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa minggu mendatang hingga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Para penyunting AbuseFilter yang aktif di Meta-Wiki dan Wikipedia berukuran besar dimohon untuk memperbarui AbuseFilter agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. Pranala ke petunjuk serta daftar tertutup penyaring yang perlu diperiksa [[phab:T369611|tersedia di Phabricator]].
* Modul Lua kini dapat mengakses nama keluku (''thumbnail'') yang berkaitan dengan suatu halaman, dan di [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 beberapa wiki] juga dapat mengakses informasi penilaian ProyekWiki. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat dua atribut baru pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|objek mw.title]], yaitu &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; dan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10 Juni 2025 01.15 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28846858 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions &amp; yet another successful #1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10 Juni 2025 05.59 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28809506 --&gt;

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 13 Juni 2025 23.00 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28848819 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Anda diundang untuk [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en mencalonkan perkakas favorit] dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren]] edisi keenam. Proses pencalonan bersifat anonim dan berlangsung hingga 25 Juni. Satu survei dapat digunakan beberapa kali untuk mengajukan lebih dari satu perkakas.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* Staf Wikimedia Foundation dan sukarelawan teknis menggunakan API Wikimedia untuk membangun berbagai perkakas, aplikasi, fitur, dan integrasi yang meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan berfokus pada pengembangan API web (HTTP) Wikimedia guna mendukung kebutuhan sukarelawan teknis sekaligus melindungi infrastruktur Wikimedia dari potensi penyalahgunaan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai rencana pengembangan API ini dapat [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ dibaca dalam tulisan di Techblog].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16 Juni 2025 23.37 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28870688 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 - Pengajuan Calon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Halo semua,

Saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|tahap pengajuan calon untuk pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025]] telah dibuka. Tahap ini akan berlangsung dari tanggal 17 Juni 2025 sampai pukul 11:59 UTC, 2 Juli 2025.[1] Dewan Pengawas bertugas untuk mengawasi pekerjaan Yayasan Wikimedia dan masing-masing Pengawas bertugas selama tiga tahun masa jabatan.[2] Jabatan ini bersifat sukarela.

Tahun ini, komunitas Wikimedia akan menghadapi pemilihan yang akan dilangsungkan dari akhir Agustus hingga September 2025. Pemilihan ini bertujuan untuk mengisi dua (2) kursi kosong di Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia. Apakah Anda calon yang kami cari atau Anda tahu orang yang kira-kira cocok untuk dicalonkan sebagai Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia?[3]

Silakan baca lebih lanjut [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|di halaman Meta-Wiki]] untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang diperlukan untuk dapat menjabat sebagai Dewan Pengawas, cara mengajukan pencalonan diri atau mengajak orang lain untuk maju dalam pemilihan tahun ini.

Salam hangat,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Ketua Komite Pemilihan

Atas nama Komite Pemilihan dan Komite Tata Kelola Dewan

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 17 Juni 2025 17.43 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28866958 --&gt;

== Growth News #34 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]]

''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.''

=== Mentoring new editors ===

In February, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Mentorship 2|Mentorship]] was successfully rolled out to 100% of newcomers on English Wikipedia. Following this milestone, we collaborated with Spanish Wikipedia to expand Mentorship coverage to 70% of new accounts, with plans to reach 85% soon unless concerns are raised by mentors. ([[phab:T394867|T394867]])
=== “Add a Link” Task – Iteration and Experimentation ===

Our efforts to improve and scale the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|“Add a Link” structured task]] continued across multiple fronts: 

* '''Community Feedback &amp; Model Improvements''':  We’ve responded to community concerns with targeted changes:
** Restricting access to newer accounts ([[phab:T393688|T393688]])
** Some links types were removed to align with recommendations written in the English Wikipedia Manual of Style ([[phab:T390683|T390683]])
** Allowing communities to limit “Add a Link” to newcomers ([[phab:T393771|T393771]])
** The model used to suggest the links was improved to ease its training ([[phab:T388258|T388258]])
* '''English Wikipedia rollout and A/B test''': We increased the rollout to 20% of newcomers, with analysis underway. Preliminary data suggests this feature makes new account holders more likely to complete an unreverted edit. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]], [[phab:T382603|T382603]])
* '''Surfacing Structured Tasks''': An experiment where we show “add a link” suggestions to newly registered users while they are reading an article is running on pilot wikis (French, Persian, Indonesian, Portuguese, Egyptian Arabic). Initial results are under analysis. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]])
=== Newcomer Engagement Features ===
* '''“Get Started” notification''':  Engineering is in progress for a new notification (Echo/email) to encourage editing among newcomers with zero edits. Early research shows this type of nudge is effective. ([[phab:T392256|T392256]])
* '''Confirmation email:'''  We are exploring ways to simplify and improve the initial account confirmation email newly registered users receive. ([[phab:T215665|T215665]])
=== Community Configuration Enhancements ===

Communities can now manage which namespaces are eligible for Event Registration via [[mw:Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. ([[phab:T385341|T385341]])
=== Annual Planning ===

The Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 Annual Plan is taking shape. The Growth and Editing teams will focus on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2025-2026/Product_&amp;_Technology_OKRs#Contributor_Experiences_(WE1)|'''Contributor Experiences (WE1)''' objective]], with a focus on increasing '''constructive edits''' by editors with fewer than 100 cumulative contributions.

=== Get Involved ===

We value your insights and ideas! If you would like to participate in a discussion, share feedback, or pilot new features, please reach out on the relevant Phabricator tasks or [[mw:Talk:Growth|at our talk page]], in any language.

''&lt;small&gt;'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].&lt;/small&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt; 17 Juni 2025 18.51 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&amp;oldid=28750629 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Pekan ini, Tim Moderator Tools dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan peluncuran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke kelompok Wikipedia ketiga sekaligus terakhir. Penyaring ini menggunakan model ''Revert Risk'' yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menandai suntingan yang kemungkinan besar akan dikembalikan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali kontribusi yang berpotensi bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/id}}. Peluncuran akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa pekan mendatang untuk mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Ceko, Korea, dan Turki. Minggu ini dan minggu depan, penerapan akan dilanjutkan ke Wikipedia dengan jumlah pengguna yang lebih besar. Silakan [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|bagikan pendapat Anda]] mengenai proyek ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Akhir pekan ini, Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) akan meluncurkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] ke seluruh Wikipedia (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). Fitur ini menampilkan beberapa [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|pemeriksaan referensi]] saat pengguna menyunting, dengan tujuan mendorong mereka untuk menambahkan sumber ketika menambahkan beberapa paragraf baru dalam sebuah artikel. Sebelumnya, fitur ini diuji coba dalam uji A/B. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results Hasilnya menunjukkan] bahwa pengguna yang melihat beberapa pemeriksaan cenderung 1,3 kali lebih mungkin menambahkan referensi dalam suntingannya, dan suntingan mereka lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk dikembalikan (berkurang 34,7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* Beberapa nama halaman perlu diubah karena adanya pembaruan perangkat lunak dan penyesuaian dengan standar Unicode terbaru. Semua perubahan ini berkaitan dengan penulisan huruf kapital pada judul. Sekitar 71 halaman dan 3 berkas akan diubah namanya di 15 wiki; daftar lengkapnya tercantum dalam [[phab:T396903|tugas terkait]]. Para pengembang akan mengganti nama halaman-halaman tersebut pekan depan, dan beberapa menit setelahnya akan memperbaiki pengalihan serta pranala berkas yang tertanam melalui pembaruan pengaturan sistem.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan halaman menggulir ke atas saat teks di dekat bagian atas dipilih. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Para penyunting kini dapat menggunakan modul Lua untuk menyaring dan mengolah data tabel agar dapat digunakan bersama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi:Chart]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan berbagai hal, seperti memilih sebagian baris atau kolom dari data sumber, mengubah satuan, melakukan pengolahan statistik, dan berbagai bentuk pengolahan data lainnya. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Informasi tentang cara menggunakan fitur ini tersedia]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* Variabel &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; dalam [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini diganti namanya menjadi &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; agar konsisten dengan variabel lainnya. Penggunaan nama lama masih tetap akan berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Isi pembaruan ini meliputi: peningkatan terbaru pada tugas &quot;Tambahkan Pranala&quot;, dua fitur baru untuk mendukung keterlibatan pengguna baru, dan pembaruan pada pengaturan Konfigurasi Komunitas.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23 Juni 2025 23.19 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28870688 --&gt;</text>
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Diskusi terbuka untuk seluruh komunitas mengenai isu yang sangat sensitif bagi pengembangan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] kini telah dimulai di Meta, yakni mengenai lokasi penyimpanan konten abstrak yang akan dikembangkan melalui fungsi dari Wikifunctions dan data dari Wikidata. Diskusi ini berlangsung hingga 12 Juni di halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], dan setiap pendapat sangat dihargai. Keputusan akan diambil dan diumumkan oleh Wikimedia Foundation setelah masa konsultasi berakhir.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Mulai pekan lalu, di semua wiki selain [[phab:T388604|20 wiki terbesar]], pengguna penyunting visual pada perangkat seluler kini dapat menggunakan sejumlah [[phab:T385851|perkakas tambahan melalui tombol baru]] bertanda &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; di bilah menu. Perkakas ini mencakup opsi untuk menambahkan referensi, aksara hieroglif, dan blok kode. Fitur ini [[phab:T388605|direncanakan]] akan diterapkan di wiki-wiki lainnya pada bulan Juni.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Fungsi pengurai &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; tidak lagi akan mencatat pranala ke halaman yang menjadi targetnya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan halaman [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], yang ke depannya hanya akan menampilkan halaman yang benar-benar menjadi target dari pranala merah. Perubahan ini akan diterapkan secara bertahap seiring diperbaruinya halaman-halaman sumber. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* Pekan ini, tim Moderator Tools akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|sebuah penyaring baru pada fitur Perubahan Terbaru]], dimulai dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Penyaring ini dirancang untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi untuk dibatalkan (''reverted''). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu para penyunting yang memantau Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali suntingan-suntingan yang mungkin bermasalah. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan mendapatkan manfaat dari penyaring ini di masa mendatang.
* Saat mengeklik bilah pencarian yang masih kosong, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut. Fitur ini tersedia di versi desktop dan seluler. Pembaca Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, Ibrani, dan Italia, serta beberapa proyek saudari lainnya, akan mulai menerima pembaruan ini antara 21 Mei hingga pertengahan Juni. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan menyusul kemudian. Tujuan dari fitur ini adalah untuk mendorong pengguna agar lebih banyak membaca konten wiki. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].
* Beberapa pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini dapat mencoba fitur baru bagi pembaca, yaitu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], sebuah permainan trivia harian yang didasarkan pada peristiwa sejarah nyata. Fitur ini dirilis sebagai uji coba A/B dan tersedia bagi 50% pengguna dalam delapan bahasa: Inggris, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Ekstensi Newsletter]] yang tersedia di MediaWiki.org memungkinkan pembuatan [[mw:Special:Newsletters|berbagai nawala]] bagi pengguna global. Kini, ekstensi tersebut mendukung penerbitan edisi baru sebagai [[mw:Special:Newsletters|pranala bagian]] (''section link'') pada halaman yang sudah ada sehingga tidak lagi memerlukan halaman terpisah untuk setiap edisi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Tampilan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan usang di [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan dihapus pada awal Juni mendatang. Pengguna disarankan untuk beralih menggunakan tampilan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; dan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; yang baru sebagai gantinya.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Pertemuan dan acara'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata dan Proyek Saudari]] (''Wikidata and Sister Projects'') merupakan acara daring yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari dengan fokus pada integrasi Wikidata ke dalam Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya. Acara ini akan diselenggarakan mulai 29 Mei hingga 1 Juni. [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|Jadwal acara sudah tersedia]] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|pendaftaran]] dapat dilakukan sekarang.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 26 Mèi 2025 20.03 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28788673 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: May 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Mèi 2025 02.57 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=28771448 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 &amp; Pengajuan Pertanyaan&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Halo semua,

Tahun ini, periode 2 (dua) tahun jabatan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia untuk kursi perwakilan Komunitas dan Organisasi Afiliasi akan segera berakhir. [1] Dewan Pengawas mengundang seluruh anggota Gerakan Wikimedia untuk ikut serta dalam proses pemilihan tahun ini serta memberikan suara mereka supaya jabatan yang kosong bisa segera terisi.

Komite Pemilihan akan mengawasi tahapan pemilihan ini dengan dukungan dari pegawai Yayasan Wikimedia. [2] Komite Tata Kelola Dewan, terdiri atas para anggota Dewan Pengawas yang tidak menjadi calon dalam tahapan pemilihan Dewan Pengawas untuk kursi perwakilan komunitas dan organisasi afiliasi tahun 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina dan Esra’a Al Shafei), [3] akan bertugas untuk melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan bagi Dewan Pengawas di dalam tahapan pemilihan 2025 ini serta senantiasa menginformasikan perkembangan terbaru kepada Dewan Pengawas. Silakan kunjungi pranala yang tersedia pada catatan kaki di bawah ini untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai peran dari Komite Pemilihan, Dewan Pengawas, dan pegawai Wikimedia. [4]

Berikut merupakan tanggal-tanggal penting untuk tahapan pemilihan tahun ini:

* 22 Mei–5 Juni 2025: Pengumuman (informasi yang sedang Anda baca ini) dan masa pengajuan pertanyaan [6]
* 17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon
* Juli 2025: Jika diperlukan, organisasi afiliasi akan memilih calon Dewan Pengawas yang akan dimasukkan ke tahapan pemilihan berikutnya, apabila terdapat 10 atau lebih calon yang mendaftar [5]
* Agustus 2025: Masa kampanye
* Agustus–September 2025: Masa pemungutan suara komunitas yang akan berlangsung selama dua minggu
* Oktober–November 2025: Pemeriksaan latar belakang dari calon terpilih
* Rapat Dewan Pengawas pada bulan Desember 2025: Penetapan anggota Dewan Pengawas terbaru

Silakan pelajari proses pemilihan 2025 lebih mendalam, termasuk rincian lini masa, proses pencalonan, peraturan kampanye, dan syarat kelayakan pemilih dengan mengakses [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|pranala halaman Meta-Wiki ini]].

'''Pengajuan Pertanyaan'''

Dalam proses pemilihan ini, anggota komunitas berkesempatan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh para calon Dewan Pengawas. Komite Pemilihan akan memilih pertanyaan dari daftar yang telah diajukan oleh anggota komunitas sebelumnya, dan kemudian, para calon akan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Para calon harus menjawab semua pertanyaan wajib yang tercantum dalam formulir pencalonan agar dapat dianggap telah memenuhi syarat. Jika tidak, pencalonan tersebut akan dianggap batal. Pada tahun ini, Komite Pemilihan akan memilih 5 pertanyaan untuk dijawab oleh para calon. Pertanyaan terpilih mungkin merupakan hasil perpaduan dari daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh komunitas, jika ternyata pertanyaan tersebut mirip atau berkaitan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Sukarelawan Pemilihan'''

Cara lain untuk terlibat dalam proses pemilihan 2025 yaitu dengan menjadi Sukarelawan Pemilihan. Sukarelawan Pemilihan akan menjembatani hubungan antara Komite Pemilihan dan komunitas masing-masing. Mereka akan membantu memastikan agar komunitas mereka terwakili dan mengajak anggota komunitas untuk ikut serta memberikan suaranya. Silakan pelajari lebih lanjut tentang program ini dan cara bergabung melalui dengan mengakses [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|pranala halaman Meta Wiki]].

Terima kasih banyak!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Salam hangat,

Victoria Doronina

Narahubung Dewan Pengawas untuk Komite Pemilihan

Komite Tata Kelola Dewan&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 28 Mèi 2025 03.07 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28618011 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|parembugan]]) 29 Mèi 2025 16.47 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Udehb-WMF@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&amp;oldid=28803829 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] kini tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Para penyunting dapat menggunakan ekstensi baru ini untuk membuat visualisasi data interaktif, seperti bagan batang, garis, area, dan lingkaran. Fitur ini dirancang untuk menggantikan banyak fungsi dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|ekstensi Graph]] versi lama.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Pengaturan kutipan otomatis di wiki kini menjadi lebih sederhana melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembuat kutipan]] di penyunting visual. Para pengurus wiki dapat menetapkan templat standar dengan menambahkan kunci &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; di halaman lokal &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|contoh perubahan]]). Penetapan templat standar ini akan membantu menjaga kompatibilitas konfigurasi yang ada ketika [[phab:T347823|jenis butir baru]] ditambahkan di kemudian hari. Meskipun demikian, templat khusus untuk jenis butir tertentu tetap dapat ditetapkan dan akan diutamakan dibandingkan templat bawaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Mulai pekan 2 Juni, bot yang menggunakan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; atau &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; untuk masuk log akan lebih sering mengalami kegagalan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari penerapan perlindungan yang lebih ketat terhadap upaya masuk yang mencurigakan. Bot yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|kata sandi bot]] (''bot password'') atau metode otentikasi tanpa proses masuk log seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] tidak akan terdampak. Jika bot Anda masih menggunakan metode lama tanpa kata sandi bot, sebaiknya segera diperbarui. Penggunaan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; tanpa kata sandi bot telah tidak disarankan sejak [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|tahun 2016]]. Bagi sebagian besar bot, pembaruan ini cukup dengan mengganti kata sandi yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia akan mendukung fitur JavaScript ES2017 untuk kode resmi, gawai, dan skrip pengguna. Salah satu fitur paling mencolok dari ES2017 adalah sintaks &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; yang memungkinkan penulisan kode menjadi lebih mudah dibaca. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2016, dan beberapa bulan sebelumnya terbatas pada ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Pertemuan dan acara'''
* Pendaftaran beasiswa untuk mengikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Konferensi GLAM Wiki 2025]] kini telah dibuka. Konferensi ini akan diselenggarakan pada 30 Oktober hingga 1 November di Lisbon, Portugal. Kontributor GLAM yang tidak memiliki dukungan pendanaan untuk berpartisipasi dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|mengajukan permohonan]] melalui pranala ini. Batas waktu pengajuan beasiswa adalah 7 Juni.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 2 Juni 2025 23.53 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28819186 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Trust and Safety]] sedang menyelesaikan pekerjaan terakhir untuk meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] di beberapa Wikipedia besar pada akhir bulan ini. Tim ini telah bekerja sama dengan para pengurus dan pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut untuk memperkirakan serta mengantisipasi berbagai skenario penggunaan yang mungkin terjadi di wiki berukuran besar, agar anggota komunitas tetap dapat memoderasi dan memantau akun sementara secara efektif. Ini merupakan tahap kedua dari tiga tahap peluncuran. Tahap terakhir paling cepat akan dilakukan pada bulan September. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan terbaru proyek ini, silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|lihat pembaruan ini]]. Jika Anda memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan, silakan tulis di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|ikuti acara CEE Catch Up]] pada hari Selasa ini.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|kedaluwarsa daftar pantauan]] memungkinkan penyunting memantau halaman untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Setelah waktu tersebut berakhir, halaman akan otomatis dihapus dari daftar pantauan. Mulai pekan ini, Anda dapat mengatur preferensi untuk menentukan jangka waktu bawaan dalam memantau halaman. [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|Preferensi]] ini juga memungkinkan Anda menetapkan durasi pantauan yang berbeda untuk penyuntingan halaman yang sudah ada, halaman yang Anda buat, serta saat menggunakan fitur pembatalan suntingan (''rollback''). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Berikut ini adalah tangkapan layar dari peningkatan visual yang diterapkan di halaman pembicaraan|Berikut adalah contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru dalam bahasa Prancis]]
* Tampilan halaman pembicaraan akan mengalami perubahan di hampir semua Wikipedia ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|beberapa]] di antaranya sudah menerima pembaruan desain ini, sementara [[phab:T379264|sebagian lainnya]] akan mendapatkannya dalam waktu dekat). Anda dapat membaca rincian mengenai perubahan ini [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di Diff]]. Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan tampilan baru ini, Anda dapat menonaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|preferensi pengguna]] dengan mematikan opsi &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan tertentu, seperti pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas, dan penatalayan, [[phab:T358853|sekarang dapat secara otomatis melihat]] alamat IP dari seluruh akun sementara selama jangka waktu tertentu. Fitur ini dirancang untuk membantu penanganan vandalisme yang dilakukan dengan cara berpindah-pindah akun secara cepat, dan disediakan berdasarkan permintaan dari para penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* Pekan ini, Tim Perkakas Moderator dan Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|peluncuran penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke beberapa Wikipedia lainnya. Penyaring ini menggunakan model Revert Risk yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi dibatalkan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengidentifikasi kontribusi yang mungkin bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di Wikipedia berikut: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}. Peluncuran ini akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa minggu mendatang hingga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Para penyunting AbuseFilter yang aktif di Meta-Wiki dan Wikipedia berukuran besar dimohon untuk memperbarui AbuseFilter agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. Pranala ke petunjuk serta daftar tertutup penyaring yang perlu diperiksa [[phab:T369611|tersedia di Phabricator]].
* Modul Lua kini dapat mengakses nama keluku (''thumbnail'') yang berkaitan dengan suatu halaman, dan di [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 beberapa wiki] juga dapat mengakses informasi penilaian ProyekWiki. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat dua atribut baru pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|objek mw.title]], yaitu &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; dan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10 Juni 2025 01.15 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28846858 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions &amp; yet another successful #1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10 Juni 2025 05.59 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28809506 --&gt;

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 13 Juni 2025 23.00 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28848819 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Anda diundang untuk [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en mencalonkan perkakas favorit] dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren]] edisi keenam. Proses pencalonan bersifat anonim dan berlangsung hingga 25 Juni. Satu survei dapat digunakan beberapa kali untuk mengajukan lebih dari satu perkakas.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* Staf Wikimedia Foundation dan sukarelawan teknis menggunakan API Wikimedia untuk membangun berbagai perkakas, aplikasi, fitur, dan integrasi yang meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan berfokus pada pengembangan API web (HTTP) Wikimedia guna mendukung kebutuhan sukarelawan teknis sekaligus melindungi infrastruktur Wikimedia dari potensi penyalahgunaan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai rencana pengembangan API ini dapat [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ dibaca dalam tulisan di Techblog].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16 Juni 2025 23.37 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28870688 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 - Pengajuan Calon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Halo semua,

Saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|tahap pengajuan calon untuk pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025]] telah dibuka. Tahap ini akan berlangsung dari tanggal 17 Juni 2025 sampai pukul 11:59 UTC, 2 Juli 2025.[1] Dewan Pengawas bertugas untuk mengawasi pekerjaan Yayasan Wikimedia dan masing-masing Pengawas bertugas selama tiga tahun masa jabatan.[2] Jabatan ini bersifat sukarela.

Tahun ini, komunitas Wikimedia akan menghadapi pemilihan yang akan dilangsungkan dari akhir Agustus hingga September 2025. Pemilihan ini bertujuan untuk mengisi dua (2) kursi kosong di Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia. Apakah Anda calon yang kami cari atau Anda tahu orang yang kira-kira cocok untuk dicalonkan sebagai Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia?[3]

Silakan baca lebih lanjut [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|di halaman Meta-Wiki]] untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang diperlukan untuk dapat menjabat sebagai Dewan Pengawas, cara mengajukan pencalonan diri atau mengajak orang lain untuk maju dalam pemilihan tahun ini.

Salam hangat,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Ketua Komite Pemilihan

Atas nama Komite Pemilihan dan Komite Tata Kelola Dewan

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 17 Juni 2025 17.43 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28866958 --&gt;

== Growth News #34 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]]

''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.''

=== Mentoring new editors ===

In February, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Mentorship 2|Mentorship]] was successfully rolled out to 100% of newcomers on English Wikipedia. Following this milestone, we collaborated with Spanish Wikipedia to expand Mentorship coverage to 70% of new accounts, with plans to reach 85% soon unless concerns are raised by mentors. ([[phab:T394867|T394867]])
=== “Add a Link” Task – Iteration and Experimentation ===

Our efforts to improve and scale the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|“Add a Link” structured task]] continued across multiple fronts: 

* '''Community Feedback &amp; Model Improvements''':  We’ve responded to community concerns with targeted changes:
** Restricting access to newer accounts ([[phab:T393688|T393688]])
** Some links types were removed to align with recommendations written in the English Wikipedia Manual of Style ([[phab:T390683|T390683]])
** Allowing communities to limit “Add a Link” to newcomers ([[phab:T393771|T393771]])
** The model used to suggest the links was improved to ease its training ([[phab:T388258|T388258]])
* '''English Wikipedia rollout and A/B test''': We increased the rollout to 20% of newcomers, with analysis underway. Preliminary data suggests this feature makes new account holders more likely to complete an unreverted edit. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]], [[phab:T382603|T382603]])
* '''Surfacing Structured Tasks''': An experiment where we show “add a link” suggestions to newly registered users while they are reading an article is running on pilot wikis (French, Persian, Indonesian, Portuguese, Egyptian Arabic). Initial results are under analysis. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]])
=== Newcomer Engagement Features ===
* '''“Get Started” notification''':  Engineering is in progress for a new notification (Echo/email) to encourage editing among newcomers with zero edits. Early research shows this type of nudge is effective. ([[phab:T392256|T392256]])
* '''Confirmation email:'''  We are exploring ways to simplify and improve the initial account confirmation email newly registered users receive. ([[phab:T215665|T215665]])
=== Community Configuration Enhancements ===

Communities can now manage which namespaces are eligible for Event Registration via [[mw:Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. ([[phab:T385341|T385341]])
=== Annual Planning ===

The Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 Annual Plan is taking shape. The Growth and Editing teams will focus on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2025-2026/Product_&amp;_Technology_OKRs#Contributor_Experiences_(WE1)|'''Contributor Experiences (WE1)''' objective]], with a focus on increasing '''constructive edits''' by editors with fewer than 100 cumulative contributions.

=== Get Involved ===

We value your insights and ideas! If you would like to participate in a discussion, share feedback, or pilot new features, please reach out on the relevant Phabricator tasks or [[mw:Talk:Growth|at our talk page]], in any language.

''&lt;small&gt;'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].&lt;/small&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt; 17 Juni 2025 18.51 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&amp;oldid=28750629 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2025-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Pekan ini, Tim Moderator Tools dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan peluncuran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke kelompok Wikipedia ketiga sekaligus terakhir. Penyaring ini menggunakan model ''Revert Risk'' yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menandai suntingan yang kemungkinan besar akan dikembalikan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali kontribusi yang berpotensi bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/id}}. Peluncuran akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa pekan mendatang untuk mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Ceko, Korea, dan Turki. Minggu ini dan minggu depan, penerapan akan dilanjutkan ke Wikipedia dengan jumlah pengguna yang lebih besar. Silakan [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|bagikan pendapat Anda]] mengenai proyek ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Akhir pekan ini, Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) akan meluncurkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] ke seluruh Wikipedia (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). Fitur ini menampilkan beberapa [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|pemeriksaan referensi]] saat pengguna menyunting, dengan tujuan mendorong mereka untuk menambahkan sumber ketika menambahkan beberapa paragraf baru dalam sebuah artikel. Sebelumnya, fitur ini diuji coba dalam uji A/B. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results Hasilnya menunjukkan] bahwa pengguna yang melihat beberapa pemeriksaan cenderung 1,3 kali lebih mungkin menambahkan referensi dalam suntingannya, dan suntingan mereka lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk dikembalikan (berkurang 34,7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* Beberapa nama halaman perlu diubah karena adanya pembaruan perangkat lunak dan penyesuaian dengan standar Unicode terbaru. Semua perubahan ini berkaitan dengan penulisan huruf kapital pada judul. Sekitar 71 halaman dan 3 berkas akan diubah namanya di 15 wiki; daftar lengkapnya tercantum dalam [[phab:T396903|tugas terkait]]. Para pengembang akan mengganti nama halaman-halaman tersebut pekan depan, dan beberapa menit setelahnya akan memperbaiki pengalihan serta pranala berkas yang tertanam melalui pembaruan pengaturan sistem.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan halaman menggulir ke atas saat teks di dekat bagian atas dipilih. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Para penyunting kini dapat menggunakan modul Lua untuk menyaring dan mengolah data tabel agar dapat digunakan bersama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi:Chart]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan berbagai hal, seperti memilih sebagian baris atau kolom dari data sumber, mengubah satuan, melakukan pengolahan statistik, dan berbagai bentuk pengolahan data lainnya. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Informasi tentang cara menggunakan fitur ini tersedia]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* Variabel &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; dalam [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini diganti namanya menjadi &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; agar konsisten dengan variabel lainnya. Penggunaan nama lama masih tetap akan berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Isi pembaruan ini meliputi: peningkatan terbaru pada tugas &quot;Tambahkan Pranala&quot;, dua fitur baru untuk mendukung keterlibatan pengguna baru, dan pembaruan pada pengaturan Konfigurasi Komunitas.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23 Juni 2025 23.19 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28870688 --&gt;

== ''The Signpost'': 24 June 2025 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News and notes|Happy 7 millionth!]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/In the media|Playing professor pong with prosecutorial discretion]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Disinformation report|Pardon me, Mr. President, have you seen my socks?]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Recent research|Wikipedia's political bias; &quot;Ethical&quot; LLMs accede to copyright owners' demands but ignore those of Wikipedians]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Traffic report|All Sinners, a future, all Saints, a past]]

* News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News from Diff|Call for candidates is now open: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Opinion|Russian Wiki-fork flails, failing readers and editors]]

* Debriefing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Debriefing|EggRoll97's RfA&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; debriefing]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 3)]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Comix|Hamburgers]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 24 Juni 2025 02.31 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=28849846 --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oblast Sakhalin</title>
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      <text bytes="1965" sha1="5ihyq9z02wj1vlqpvvolfzcq80cdrho" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Oblast Sakhalin
|ru_name=Сахалинская область
|image_map=Sakhalin in Russia (claimed).svg
|latd=50
|latm=33
|longd=142
|longm=36
|image_coa=Sakhalin Oblast Coat of Arms.svg
|coa_caption=[[Lambang Oblast Sakhalin|Lambang]]
|image_flag=Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg
|flag_caption=[[Bendera Oblast Sakhalin|Bendera]]
|anthem=[[Lagu Oblast Sakhalin]]
[[File:National Anthem of Sakhalin Oblast.ogg|Sakhalin Oblast Anthem]] 
|anthem_ref
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Oblast
|political_status_link=Oblast di Ruslan
|federal_district=[[Distrik Federal Timur Jauh|Timur Jauh]]
|economic_region=[[Wilayah ekonomi Timur Jauh|Timur Jauh]]
|adm_ctr_type=Pusat administratif
|adm_ctr_name=[[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]]
|adm_ctr_ref
|pop_2010census=497973
|pop_2010census_rank=Ke-72
|urban_pop_2010census=79.7%
|rural_pop_2010census=20.3%
|pop_2010census_ref=
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest
|pop_latest_date
|pop_latest_ref
|area_km2=87100
|area_km2_rank=Ke-37
|area_km2_ref
|established_date=2 Januari&amp;nbsp; 1947
|established_date_ref
|license_plates=65
|ISO=RU-SAK
|gov_as_of=Maret 2011
|leader_title=[[Gubernur Oblast Sakhalin|Gubernur]]
|leader_title_ref
|leader_name=[[Alexander Khoroshavin]]
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadName&quot;&gt;Official website of Sakhalin Oblast. [http://www.adm.sakhalin.ru/index.php?id=46 Alexander Vadimovich Khoroshavin, Governor of Sakhalin Oblast] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|legislature=[[Oblast Duma Sakhalin|Oblast Duma]]
|legislature_ref
|website=http://www.adm.sakhalin.ru/
|website_ref
|date=Maret 2011
}}
'''Oblast Sakhalin''' ({{lang-rus|Сахали́нская о́бласть|r=Sakhalinskaya oblast|p=səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ}}) yaiku [[Oblast]] ing [[Ruslan]] sing nduwe wilayah 87,100&amp;nbsp;km². Populasiné 546.695 wong (2002). Ibukuthané yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
{{Rusiaprov}}

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Oblast ing Ruslan|Sakhalin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blue Cat Blues</title>
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      <text bytes="10065" sha1="os60z9df8ses9am4mj4i4rag6b84mf2" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|kartun Tom and Jerry}}
{{Infobox film
| image          = Pungkasan Blue Cat Blues.png
| caption        = Pungkasaning filem cekak nalika [[Tom Cat|Tom]] lan [[Jerry Mouse|Jerry]] nglakoni [[nglalu]] kanthi ditabrak déning sepur.
| director       = [[William Hanna]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Joseph Barbera]]
| producer       = William Hanna&lt;br /&gt;Joseph Barbera
| story          = William Hanna&lt;br /&gt;Joseph Barbera
| starring       = William Hanna&lt;br /&gt;[[Paul Frees]]
| music          = [[Scott Bradley (komponis)|Scott Bradley]]
| animator       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kenneth Muse]]
* [[Ed Barge]]
* [[Irven Spence]]
* Lewis Marshall}}
| layout_artist  = [[Richard Bickenbach]]
| background_artist = Robert Gentle
| color_process  = [[Technicolor]]
| studio         = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| distributor    = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| released       = 16 Novèmber 1956
| runtime        = 7 menit
| country        = Amérikah Sarékat
| language       = Inggris
}}

'''''Blue Cat Blues''''' yaiku sawiji èpisode kartun [[animasi]] ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'' taun 1956 lan ditulis, disutradarani lan diprodhuksi déning [[William Hanna]] lan [[Joseph Barbera]]; èpisode iki dibabar déning [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] ing tanggal 16 Novèmber 1956 ing [[CinemaScope]] lan sing kèri dhéwé diprodhuksi nganggo Western Electric Sound System.

Ora kaya lumrahé èpisode kartun ''Tom and Jerry'', [[Jerry Mouse|Jerry]] &quot;ngomong&quot; suwi lan dawa liwat batiné.

== Dalan carita ==
[[Tom Cat|Tom]] katon lungguh ing rèl sepur, nunggu sepur tumuju dhèwèké supaya bisa nglakoni [[nglalu]], nalika Jerry sesambat marang kahanan kancané iku lan ngéling-éling kepriyé Tom bisa nganti tekan ing kana.

Jerry nyritakaké menawa dhèwèké lan Tom iku kanca kang paling apik, sadurungé Tom kesengsem marang kucing putih kang ayu sing wiwitané katon kaya mbales pangrasané, sadurung ninggalaké dhèwèké marang [[Butch (Tom and Jerry)|Butch]] (ora kaya èpisode liyané, Butch ing èpisode iki sugih), ngatonaké yen kucing putih iku dadi ''[[gold digger]]'' kaya sing wis dibedhèk Jerry.

Sanadyan Jerry protès, Tom terus nyoba anggayuh tresnané manèh ananing terus dikalahaké déning Butch, lan pungkasané yaiku Tom mèh klelep ing kalèn. Tom dislametaké déning Jerry, nanging tambah luwih déprèsi nalika Butch lan kucing putih liwat numpak mobil bebarengan nganggo tetenger &quot;''JUST MARRIED''&quot; ing buri mobil.

Nalika ''flashback''-é rampung, Jerry ngambungi poto pacaré sadurung dhèwèké liwat tur nikah karo tikus sing sugih; lara ati, Jerry mèlu gabung karo Tom ing rèl lan saya suwi pluwit sepur dadi keprungu nalika kartunné alon-alon ngilang, ninggali nasibé wong loro iku ora temtu.

== Kasedhiyan ==
* LaserDisc: ''The Art of Tom &amp; Jerry'' Vol. 2, Disc Four&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Art of Tom &amp; Jerry, The: Volume II [ML103913]|url=https://www.lddb.com/laserdisc/04760/ML103913/Art-of-Tom-amp;-Jerry-The:-Volume-II|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 Juni 2020|website=LaserDisc Database}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* VHS: ''Tom and Jerry: Festival of Fun''&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;&gt;Uga kashediya ing [[iTunes]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* DVD:
**''Tom and Jerry's Greatest Chases'' Vol. 3&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1 Oktober 2009|title=Tom and Jerry Greatest Chases Volume 3 Clips|url=https://www.kidzworld.com/article/20574-tom-and-jerry-greatest-chases-volume-3-clips|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722114803/https://www.kidzworld.com/article/20574-tom-and-jerry-greatest-chases-volume-3-clips/|archive-date=2023-07-22|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=Kidzworld}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Mavis|date=13 Oktober 2009|title=Tom and Jerry's Greatest Chases, Vol. 3|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/39062/tom-and-jerrys-greatest-chases-vol-3/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=DVD Talk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ''[[Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection]]'' Vol. 1, Disc Two&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miller III|first=Randy|date=19 Oktober 2004|title=Tom and Jerry: Spotlight Collection|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/12842/tom-and-jerry-spotlight-collection/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=DVD Talk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Classic Collection]]'' Vol. 4, Disc Two (Vol. 8 ing Éropah lan Ostrali)
** ''Tom and Jerry: No Mice Allowed!''
*iTunes:
**''Tom &amp; Jerry and Friends'' Vol. 1&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Tom &amp; Jerry and Friends, Vol. 1|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/tom-jerry-and-friends-vol-1/id930692455|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 Juni 2020|website=iTunes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
**''Tom and Jerry'' Vol. 1&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Tom and Jerry, Vol. 1|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/tom-and-jerry-vol-1/id417551536|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 Juni 2020|website=iTunes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
**''Tom and Jerry: Wild Cats and Traps''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Tom and Jerry: Wild Cats and Traps|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/tv-season/tom-and-jerry-wild-cats-and-traps/id720938419|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 Juni 2020|website=iTunes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Saliyané iku, ''soundtrack''-é resmi dibabar ing album ''[[Tom and Jerry &amp; Tex Avery Too!]]'' minangka nomer 04.

== Panriman ==
=== Tanggepan juru kritik ===
Ing ''Cartoon Carnival: A Critical Guide to Best Cartoons'', juru tulis Michael Samerdyke ngomong, &quot;''Blue Cat Blues'' iku ngutang banget marang [[Tex Avery]] kanggo guyonané.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Samerdyke|first=Michael|title=Cartoon Carnival: A Critical Guide to the Best Cartoons|publisher=|year=28 Agustus 2014|isbn=9781312470071|location=|pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Video Movie Guide: 1995'' nyebutaké yen èpisodené iku, &quot;antawising adicara ''Tom &amp; Jerry'' kang paling ala&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Martin|first=Mick|title=Video Movie Guide: 1995|last2=Bang|first2=Derrick|last3=Porter|first3=Marsha|publisher=|year=1994-12-01|isbn=9780345390271|location=|pages=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Warisan ===
Èpisode iki asring dianggep kartun ''Tom and Jerry'' paling surem amarga isi lan pungkasané.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Robberson|first=Joe|date=|title=&quot;Blue Cat Blues&quot; - The Most Violent TV Episodes of All Time|url=https://www.zimbio.com/The+Most+Violent+TV+Episodes+of+All+Time/articles/aZ9WCyynv9j/Blue+Cat+Blues|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=Zimbio}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-02-11|title=Tom y Jerry: el capítulo más trágico del clásico animado|url=https://larepublica.pe/cine-series/2020/02/11/tom-y-jerry-se-suicidan-en-capitulo-blue-cat-blues-hanna-barbera-mgm-video/|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212133708/https://larepublica.pe/cine-series/2020/02/11/tom-y-jerry-se-suicidan-en-capitulo-blue-cat-blues-hanna-barbera-mgm-video/|archive-date=2020-02-12|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=La República}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=27 Novèmber 2015|title=The Creepiest Moments In Kids' TV Show History|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/tv/news/the-creepiest-moments-in-kids-tv-show-history|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=MTV UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saliyané iku, èpisode iki asring dianggep minangka èpisode pungkasan;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Abir|date=2 Juli 2016|title=Do You Know What Happens To Your Favorite Tom and Jerry In The End?|url=https://www.storypick.com/tom-and-jerry/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 Juni 2020|website=Storypick}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pall|first=Vincent|last2=Koski|first2=Dustin|last3=Ciscell|first3=Jim|date=16 Agustus 2012|title=5 Old Children's Cartoons Way Darker Than Most Horror Movies|url=https://www.cracked.com/article_19979_5-old-childrens-cartoons-way-darker-than-most-horror-movies.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 Juni 2020|website=Cracked}}&lt;/ref&gt; iki klèru, nanging èpisode final sing diprodhuksi Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer yaiku ''[[Tot Watchers]]'' lan sakabèhé èpisode final yaiku ''[[Purr-Chance to Dream]]'' (diprodhuksi déning [[Chuck Jones]] ing [[Sib Tower 12]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boone|first=Brian|date=25 Maret 2020|title=The untold truth or Tom and Jerry|url=https://www.looper.com/196800/the-untold-truth-of-tom-and-jerry/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 Juni 2020|website=Looper}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Evon|first=Dan|date=2016-12-02|title=Did Tom and Jerry 'Commit Suicide'?|url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-and-jerry-committed-suicide/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 Juni 2020|website=Snopes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=28 Novèmber 2018|title=False: Tom and Jerry did not commit suicide in the final episode of the cartoon series|url=https://pesacheck.org/false-tom-and-jerry-didnt-commit-suicide-in-alleged-final-episode-of-cartoon-series-c54978d97f82|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 Juni 2020|website=Pesa Check}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan ==
{{Notelist}}

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala jaba==
* {{BCDB title|3200}}
* {{IMDb title|0049020}}

{{Filem cekak Tom and Jerry karya Hanna–Barbera|state=collapsed}}

[[Kategori:Filem taun 1956]]
[[Kategori:Filem cekak Tom and Jerry]]
[[Kategori:Filem dhagelan-drama Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Filem cekak disutradarani déning Joseph Barbera]]
[[Kategori:Filem animasi Amérikah Sarékat taun 1950-an]]
[[Kategori:Filem Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Skor filem déning Scott Bradley]]
[[Kategori:Filem cekak Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
[[Kategori:Filem animasi taun 1956]]
[[Kategori:Filem bab nglalu]]
[[Kategori:Filem dhagelan ireng Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Filem cekak disutradarani déning William Hanna]]
[[Kategori:Filem dhagelan-drama taun 1950-an]]
[[Kategori:Filem animasi cekak Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Filem animasi cekak Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
[[Kategori:Filem CinemaScope]]
[[Kategori:Filem dhagelan romantis Amérikah Sarékat]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sop sorrel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173037</id>
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      <id>1731034</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-23T14:53:36Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7823" sha1="fc6hj1w5aedlepsqv6ot2pdhdjo7m39" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=Sorrel soup|image=Sorrel soup with egg and croutons (Zupa szczawiowa z jajkiem i grzankami).jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Sorrel soup with egg and croutons|alternate_name=Green borscht, green shchi, green soup|country=|region=Eastern Europe|creator=|course=|type=[[Soup]]|served=Hot or cold|main_ingredient=[[Water]] or [[broth]], [[sorrel]] leaves, and [[salt]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Sup''' sorrel yaiku olahan arupa [[Sop|sup sing]] digawe saka [[banyu]] utawa [[Duduh kaldhu|duduh kaldu]], godhong sorrel, lan [[uyah]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Burlakoff2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The World of Russian Borsch: Explorations of Memory, People, History, Cookbooks &amp; Recipes|last=Burlakoff|first=Nikolai|publisher=Createspace Independent Pub|year=2013|isbn=978-1484027400|location=North Charleston, SC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Avdeeva&quot;&gt;Екатерина Авдеева. Ручная книга русской опытной хозяйки. СПб, 1842 {{bracket|Yekaterina Avdeeva. ''A Handbook of the Russian experienced housewife''. St. Petersburg, 1842}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Molokhovets2&quot;&gt;Елена Молоховец. ''Подарок молодым хозяйкам''. 1-е издание, 1861, с. 65 {{bracket|Elena Molokhovets. ''[[A Gift to Young Housewives]]''. First Russian edition, 1861, p. 65}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marks&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Marks|first=Gil|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|title=Schav|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&amp;q=schav#v=onepage&amp;q=schav&amp;hl=en&amp;f=false|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-0-470-39130-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochorowicz-Monatowa&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Uniwersalna książka kucharska z ilustracyami i kolorowemi tablicami odznaczona na wystawie hygienicznej w Warszawie w 1910 r. : przeszło 2200 skromnych i wytwornych przepisów gospodarskich i kuchennych z uwzględnieniem niezbędnych warunków odpowiedniej dyety codziennej hygieny oraz kuchni jarskiej|last=Ochorowicz-Monatowa|first=Maria|publisher=E. Wende i S-ka|year=1913|location=Warszawa / Lwów|language=Polish}}&lt;/ref&gt; Varieties saka sayur sup padha kalebu bayem, Taman orache, Chard, nettle, lan sok-sok [[dandelion]], goutweed utawa ramsons, bebarengan karo utawa tinimbang sorrel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Artyukh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ukrayinska narodna kulinariya|last=Artyukh|first=Lidiya|publisher=Naukova dumka|year=1977|location=Kiev|page=55|language=Ukrainian|script-title=uk:(Українська народна кулинарія)|trans-title=Ukrainian folk cuisine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chakhvin&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=cS2zBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA78&amp;dq=борщ+лебеды#v=onepage&amp;f=false|title=Этнокультурные процессы Восточного Полесья в прошлом и настоящем|last=Chakvin|first=Igor|last2=Gurko|first2=Alexandra|last3=Kasperovich|first3=Galina|publisher=Litres|year=2014|isbn=9785457646278|page=78|language=ru|script-title=ru:Этнокультурные процессы Восточного Полесья в прошлом и настоящем|trans-title=Ethnocultural processes of Eastern Polesie in the past and present}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guboglo&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UGQiAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=зеленый+борщ&amp;dq=зеленый+борщ|title=Украинцы: Историко-этнографический очерк традиционной культуры|last=Guboglo|first=Mikhail|last2=Simchenko|first2=Yuri|publisher=Российская академия наук, Институт этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая|year=1992|location=Москва|page=98|language=ru|script-title=ru:Украинцы: Историко-этнографический очерк традиционной культуры|trans-title=Ukrainians: A historical ethnographic essay of the traditional culture}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dikenal ing basa [[Olah-olahan Yahudi|Ashkenazi Yahudi]],  Bélarusia,  Éstlan, Honggari, Lètlan,&lt;ref name=&quot;latvianfood&quot;&gt;[http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=content&amp;task=view&amp;id=80&amp;Itemid=487 &quot;Typical Latvian Food and Drink Recipes.&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011115936/http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=content&amp;task=view&amp;id=80&amp;Itemid=487 |date=2011-10-11 }} [http://www.li.lv/ Li.lv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011204062729/http://www.li.lv/ |date=2001-12-04 }}. Accessed September 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Litowen, Romania, Armenia, Polen,  [[Masakan Ruslan|Ruslan]]   lan Ukraina   masakan Jeneng-jeneng liyane ing Inggris, dieja '''macem-macem schav''', '''shchav''', '''shav''', utawa '''shtshav''', disilih saka [[basa Yiddish]],  sing asale saka basa Slavia, kayata contone [[Basa Bélarus|Bélarusian]] шчаче, [[Basa Ruslan|Ruslan]] lan Ukraina щавель, ''shchavel'', ''szczaw'' [[Basa Polen|Polen]] . Jeneng sup pungkasane ''diwiwiti'' saka Proto-Slavic ''ščаvь'' kanggo sorrel. Amarga umume minangka sup ing masakan Eropa Wétan, iki asring diarani '''borscht ijo''', minangka sedulur saka [[borscht]] beetroot ungu standar.     Ing Ruslan, ing endi [[shchi]] (bebarengan karo utawa tinimbang borscht) dadi sup pokok, sup sorrel uga diarani '''shchi ijo''' .&lt;ref name=&quot;Pokhlyobkin&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.jagannath.ru/users_files/books/V.V._Pohlyobkin_-_Natcionalnye_kuhni_na6ih_narodov.pdf|last=Pokhlyobkin|first=William|publisher=Centrpolograf|year=2004|isbn=5-9524-0718-8|location=Moscow|page=28|language=ru|script-title=ru:Национальные кухни наших народов|trans-title=National cuisines of our peoples|author-link=William Pokhlyobkin|access-date=2020-11-10|archive-date=2018-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619062757/http://www.jagannath.ru/users_files/books/V.V._Pohlyobkin_-_Natcionalnye_kuhni_na6ih_narodov.pdf|url-status=dead}} [http://supercook.ru/pohlebkin-nknn/pohlebkin-nknn-06.html Щи] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922122546/https://supercook.ru/pohlebkin-nknn/pohlebkin-nknn-06.html |date=2021-09-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cookery2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://kulinaria1955.ru/|title=Cookery|publisher=Госторгиздат (Soviet state publishing house for business literature)|year=1955{{ndash}}58|location=Москва|language=ru|script-title=ru:Кулинария|access-date=2015-08-02}} [http://kulinaria1955.ru/supy/goryachie_supy/zapravochnye_supy/schi/ Щи], [http://kulinaria1955.ru/natsionalnye_bliuda_soiuznyh_respublik/ukrainskie_bliuda/2805-2452-borsch-zelenyy-ukrainskiy.html Борщ зелёный украинский]&lt;/ref&gt; Ing buku masak Ruslan lawas diarani '''sup ijo''' .

Sup sorrel biasane kalebu bahan-bahan liyane kayata [[Kuning endhog|kuning telur]] utawa [[Endhog minangka panganan|endhog]] utuh (rebus utawa digodhog), [[Kenthang|kentang]], wortel, oyot peterseli, lan nasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Burlakoff2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Molokhovets2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.enjoyyourcooking.com/soup-recipes/sorrel-pork-soup-green-borscht.html Sorrel and Pork Soup (Green Borscht) Recipe]&lt;/ref&gt; Macem-macem borscht ijo Ukraina uga kalebu bit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cookery2&quot;/&gt; Ing masakan Polen, Ukraina, Bélarus lan Ruslan, sup sorrel bisa disiapake kanthi nggunakake [[Duduh kaldhu|kaldu apa wae]] tinimbang banyu.   Biasane dihiasi nganggo [[Smétana|smetana]] (macem-macem [[Krim asem|krim asam]] Eropa Wétan).   Iki uga bisa dadi [[Panganan halal|panganan sing halal]] . Bisa uga digawe panas utawa adhem.

&lt;gallery align=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;180px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
Barkas:Borscz zelenyj ukr.jpg|Borscht ijo nganggo endhog lan krim sing ora nguntungke
Barkas:Green borscht spinach smetana.jpg|Borscht ijo digawe karo bayam tinimbang sorrel lan kentang
Barkas:Борщ зелений.jpeg|Borscht ijo Ukraina kalebu loro sorrel lan bit
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Referensi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Buku masak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1731061</id>
      <parentid>1568771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T05:00:06Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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[[Barkas:Eliza_Smith_The_Compleat_Housewife.jpg|jmpl| Eliza Smith 's ''The Compleat Housewife'', 1727]]
'''Buku''' '''masak''' ya iku referensi pawon sing ngemot resep. Buku masak bisa umum, utawa bisa uga spesialisasi ing masakan utawa kategori panganan. Resep ing buku masak disusun kanthi macem-macem cara: kursus (panganan pembuka, kursus pertama, panganan utama, panganan cuci mulut), kanthi bahan utama, kanthi teknik masak, abjad, miturut wilayah utawa negara, lan liya-liyane. Bisa uga kalebu ilustrasi panganan sing wis rampung lan langkah-langkah persiapan; diskusi babagan teknik masak, saran babagan peralatan dapur, bahan, lan substitusi; cathetan sejarah lan budaya; lan sapanunggalane. Buku masak bisa uga ditulis dening panulis, sing bisa uga koki, guru masak, utawa panulis panganan liyane; bisa ditulis kanthi kolektif; utawa bisa uga anonim. Dheweke bisa uga ditujukan kanggo juru masak ing omah, kanggo juru masak restoran profesional, juru masak institusional, utawa menyang pamirsa sing luwih mligi. Sawetara buku masak didaktik, kanthi resep rinci sing ditujokake kanggo pamula utawa wong sing sinau masak masakan utawa masakan tartamtu;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cookery--book|title=Definition of cookery book {{!}} Dictionary.com|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108165911/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cookery--book|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''e.g.'' ''[[Mastering the Art of French Cooking]]''&lt;/ref&gt; liyane minangka memoire aide sederhana, sing bisa nyathet komposisi sajian utawa pangukuran sing pas, nanging ora teknik sing rinci.&lt;ref&gt;''e.g.'' ''[[Le Répertoire de la Cuisine]]''&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==</text>
      <sha1>4y1on44v5zmia8cabes5ntxqhk9zx3b</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tandoori pitik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{Infobox food|image=Tandoori chicken laccha piyaz1 (36886283595).jpg|caption=Chicken tandoori in [[Mumbai, India]]|alternate_name=|country=[[British India]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Who invented the dal makhani?|url=http://food.ndtv.com/opinions/who-invented-the-dal-makhani-694600|website=NDTV Food|publisher=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|accessdate=12 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Moti Mahal offers complete Tandoori cuisine|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/moti-mahal-offers-complete-tandoori-cuisine/|newspaper=[[Daily Excelsior]]|accessdate=2 August 2013|date=August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://food.ndtv.com/lists/10-best-punjabi-recipes-724174|title=10 Best Punjabi Recipes|publisher=[[NDTV]]|accessdate=13 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;qz.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/528366/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-punjabi/|title=What does it mean to be a Punjabi|publisher=|accessdate=13 March 2017|archive-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205235904/https://qz.com/528366/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-punjabi/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region=[[Punjab region]]&lt;ref name=&quot;motimahal.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About Us How it all began... Invention of Tandoori Cuisine.|url=http://motimahal.in/about-us/|website=Moti Mahal Delux|accessdate=7 July 2017|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709203846/http://motimahal.in/about-us/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiamarks.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Tandoori Chicken Recipe and History|url=http://www.indiamarks.com/tandoori-chicken-recipe-history/|website=Indiamarks|accessdate=7 July 2017|date=14 June 2012|archive-date=9 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709064300/http://www.indiamarks.com/tandoori-chicken-recipe-history/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Origin of Tandoori Chicken&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Origin of Tandoori Chicken|url=https://www.indianfoodsguide.com/food-articles/indian-food-articles/origin-of-tandoori-chicken-indian-food-trivia.html|website=Indianfoodsguide|accessdate=7 July 2017|archive-date=2 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802161154/https://www.indianfoodsguide.com/food-articles/indian-food-articles/origin-of-tandoori-chicken-indian-food-trivia.html%7Cwebsite=Indianfoodsguide|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DESIblitz&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.desiblitz.com/content/tandoori-chicken-a-royal-punjabi-dish|title=Tandoori Chicken – A Royal Punjabi Dish – DESIblitz|work=DESIblitz|date=22 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;|creator=[[Kundan Lal Gujral]], [[Kundan Lal Jaggi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hindustantimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/punjab-on-a-platter/story-2e7rv1ngATLYLc2oEm4uBO.html|title=Punjab on a platter|date=31 March 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gujral|first1=Monish|title=On the Butter Chicken Trail: A Moti Mahal Cookbook|date=7 March 2013|publisher=[[Penguin India]]|location=Delhi, India|isbn=9780143419860|edition=1.0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Hosking|first1=Richard|title=Authenticity in the kitchen: proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on food and cookery 2005|date=8 August 2006|publisher=Prospect Books|location=Blackawton|isbn=9781903018477|page=393|edition=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;|course=[[Appetizer]] or [[Main course]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Chicken (food)|Chicken]], [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt), [[honey]], [[tandoori masala]]|variations=[[Paneer|Tandoori paneer]], [[Fish as food|Fish tandoori]]|calories=|other=}}'''Ayam Tandoori''' minangka panganan [[Iwak pitik|pitik sing]] disiapake karo daging [[Bakar|panggang sing]] diasinake nganggo [[yoghurt]] lan rempah-rempah ing ''tandoor'', oven lempung silinder. Piring kasebut asale saka anak bawana India lan misuwur ing pirang-pirang dhaerah liyane.

Ayam mentah diasinake ing campuran [[Dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) lan ''[[tandoori masala]]'', campuran rempah-rempah. Dicampur lan diwarnai nganggo [[Cabe rawit|mrica rawit]], [[Bubuk lombok|bubuk cabai]] abang, utawa bubuk cabai abang Kashmiri uga [[Pawerna pangan|pewarna]] [[Kunir|kunyit]] utawa [[Pawerna pangan|panganan]] . {{Efn|For instance, see the recipe in [[Madhur Jaffrey]]'s Cookery, pp. 66–69}} Kulit umume dicopot sadurunge pitik direndhem lan dibakar.
[[Barkas:Tandoori_Chicken_with_oven.jpg|jmpl| Ayam Tandoori disiapake ing oven tandoor]]
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; caption=&quot;Tandoori chicken&quot; widths=&quot;190px&quot; heights=&quot;155px&quot;&gt;
Barkas:A piece of a tandoori chicken.JPG|Sapérangan pitik tandoori, ing restoran ing [[India]] .
Barkas:Tandoorimumbai.jpg|Ayam Tandoori sing disajikake ing restoran ing [[Mumbai]], [[India]] .
Barkas:Tandoori.JPG|Ayam Tandoori ing [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
Barkas:Grilled_Tandoori_chicken.jpg|Ayam Tandoori nggantung ing restoran ing [[Agra]], [[India]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;220px&quot; heights=&quot;160px&quot;&gt;
Barkas:Tandoorimumbai.jpg|[[Chicken tikka|Tikka pitik]]
Barkas:Flickr preppybyday 4705955437--Chicken tikka masala.jpg|[[Chicken tikka masala|Ayam tikka masala]]
Barkas:Chicken Tandoor Mix Platter.jpg|Piring campuran tandoori pitik India
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Solyanka</title>
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      <text bytes="2541" sha1="ogwe9lgwtn7r6qpc8i43p78auldwsch" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=Solyanka|image=Soljanka with olives.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Solyanka with olives|alternate_name=Selyanka|country=[[Russia]]|national_cuisine=[[Lètlann cuisine|Lètlann]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=From Peasant to Pleasant. The Cuisine of Lètlan |year=2014 |url=http://www.li.lv/upload/files/10022015/dbbbf2ef5fd4807f3391b62be7fdb6d7.pdf#page=9 |publisher=[[The Lètlann Institute]] |isbn=978-9-98-473651-8 |accessdate=12 December 2017 |page=9 |archive-date=30 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730041436/http://www.li.lv/upload/files/10022015/dbbbf2ef5fd4807f3391b62be7fdb6d7.pdf#page=9 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ukrainian cuisine|Ukrainian]], [[Russian cuisine|Russia]]|region=|creator=|course=|type=[[Soup]]|served=Hot|main_ingredient=[[Meat]], [[fish]], or [[mushroom]]s, [[pickled cucumber]]s with [[brine]]; often [[potatoes]], [[cabbage]], [[Smetana (dairy product)|smetana]], [[dill]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Solyanka''' ( {{Lang-ru|соля́нка}}   , wiwitane ''селя́нка'' ;{{IPA-ru|sɐˈlʲankə|}} ing Inggris &quot;Pemukim 'Soup&quot;) iku nglukis, pedhes lan kecut [[Sop|sup]] saka [[Masakan Ruslan|Ruslann]] asal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Национальные кухни наших народов|last=Похлёбкин|first=Вильям|date=1983|pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Українська кухня|last=Георгієвський|first=Микола|date=1967|page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt; sing umum ing [[Ruslan]], [[Ukraina]], lan negara saka tilas [[Uni Sovyèt|Uni Soviet]] lan bagean tartamtu saka mantan Blok Wétan . Iki minangka salah sawijining sajian sing paling populer ing [[Jerman Wétan]] ( {{Lang-de|Soljanka(-Suppe)}}   ). Ana telung jinis solyanka dhasar, kanthi bahan utamane yaiku daging, iwak, utawa jamur . Kabeh mau ngemot timun jeruk karo brine, lan asring kubis, jamur asin, kentang, smetana (krim asem), lan dill . Sup disiapake kanthi masak timun nganggo brine sadurunge ditambahake bahan liyane menyang duduh kaldu. [butuh sitiran]
&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)&quot;&gt;perlu rujukan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)&quot;&gt;perlu rujukan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Referensi ==</text>
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    <title>Antonius Neyrot</title>
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      <text bytes="5523" sha1="qzsxfhs72fl3ox0b98bq2cg8a4fyr1k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox saint
|name=Beato Antonius Neyrot
|birth_date=1425
|death_date=10 April 1460
|feast_day=10 April
|venerated_in=[[Greja Katulik Roma]]
|image=Anthonyneyrot.JPG
|imagesize=275px
|caption=Kematian Beato Antonius Neyrot
|birth_place=[[Rivoli, Piedmont|Rivoli]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italia]]
|death_place=[[Tunis]], saiki [[Tunisia]]
|titles=Martir
|beatified_date=22 Februari 1767
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=[[Paus Klemens XIII]] (''kultus disetujoni'')
|canonized_date=
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=
|attributes=
|patronage=
|major_shrine=
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
}}

'''Antonius Neyrot''' ({{lang-it|Antonio Neyrot}}) (1425 ing [[Rivoli, Piedmont|Rivoli]], [[Piedmont]] – 10 April 1460) yaiku sawijiné [[pandhita]], [[murtad]]in, mantan [[mualaf]], lan [[martir]] [[wong Italia|Itali.]]

== Riwayat ==
Anthony Neyrot lair ing [[Rivoli, Piedmont|Rivoli]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italia]], lan lumebu [[Ordo Dominikan|Dominikan]]. Sawise ngerampungke pambelajarane, dhèwèké dinobatkake lan netep sak wentoro ing [[San Marco]], [[Firenze]] sing endi dhèwèké sinau saka bimbingan [[Antoninus saka Firenze]]. Ngerasa bosen, dhèwèké njaluk kanggo ngubah misine lan dikirim menyang [[Sisilia]]. Isih ora seneng, dhèwèké menyang [[Naples]]. Ing dalan, kapale dihadang karo para [[pembajak]] [[Moor]], lan bareng karo penumpang liyane, digawa menyang [[Afrika Lor]].&lt;ref name=&quot;patrick&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Rabenstein |first=Katherine |title=Blessed Antony Neyrot, OP |work=Saints O' the Day for April 10 |date=April 1999 |url=http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0410.htm |accessdate=2012-02-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206174800/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0410.htm |archive-date=6 Fèbruari 2007 |deadurl=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sumber sajarah nyatakake nek [[khalifah]] Muslim Tunis ketoke nyenengi Antonius, nalika ia diancem diculik, lan ora diperlakukake ala, nganti arogansine nggawe nesu para penangkape. Antonius dadi ora sabaran lan nulak dadi tawanan. Urip karo mangan [[roti]] lan [[banyu]], ia banjur semaput. Dhèwèké banjur [[murtad|nyangkal imane]] kanggo tuku kamardikanipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;patrick&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cathon&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title =Bl. Anthony Neyrot | work =Saints and Angels | publisher =Catholic Online | url =http://www.catholiconline.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1458 | accessdate =2007-04-14 | archive-date =2011-09-28 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110928134345/http://www.catholiconline.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1458 | url-status =dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Antonius kelangan kabeh keyakinanne ing [[Kekristenan]] lan miwiti nerjemahake [[Al-Qur'an]]. Dhèwèké diadopsi karo raja lan manten karo wadon [[orang Turki|Turki]] berpangkat dhuwur. Banjur datheng kabar kemangkatan Antoninus. Kabar kuwi nggawe perubahan ing pikiran Antonius. Dhèwèké ngimpi ketemu karo Antoninus; peristiwa kasebut nyebabake Antonius mikir kanggo balik menyang keyakinan lawase, sanadyan tindakan kasebut isa ngancem nyawane.&lt;ref name=&quot;patrick&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hsi&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title =April 10: Blessed Anthony Neyrot | work =Saints for April | publisher =Holy Spirit Interactive | url =http://www.holyspiritinteractive.net/dailysaint/april/0410.asp | accessdate =2007-04-14 | archive-date =2007-08-08 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070808222039/http://www.holyspiritinteractive.net/dailysaint/april/0410.asp | url-status =dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ketemuan karo pandhita Dominikan, Antonius nglakoni tobat, lan ing [[Minggu Palem]] 1460, dhèwèké njaluk pangampunan saka umat Katulik sejawate lan sawise iku nerima balik penobatane.&lt;ref name=&quot;oakes&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last =Oakes | first =Edward T. ([[Yesuit|S.J.]]) | title =Islam and Conversion | publisher =First Things | date =2006-09-01 | url =http://www.firstthings.com/onthesquare/?p=457 | accessdate =2007-04-14 | archive-date =2007-09-30 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181312/http://www.firstthings.com/onthesquare/?p=457 | url-status =dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kepengin keimanane diketahui publik, Antonius nunggu nganti raja ngadakake prosesi publik. Ngelakukake [[pangakuan iman]] lan gawe rekonsiliasi pribadhine karo [[Allah]], Antonius munggah ing mundhak-mundhakan istana ing endi kabeh wong ndelengi dhèwèké nganggo sandhangan Dominikan. Antonius ngeproklamasikake keyakinane, lan raja dhawuh supaya Neyrot dibenturi watu. Antonius tiwas ing [[Kemis Putih]], 1460.&lt;ref name=&quot;patrick&quot;/&gt;

== Pengurmatan ==
Jasad Antonius ditemokake karo para [[pedagang]] saka [[Genoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hsi&quot;/&gt; lan dikembalikake menyang Rivoli, sing endi makame dadi tempat ziarah. [[Mukjijat]]-mukjijat diatributkake karo dhèwèké, lan prosesi taunan diadakake ing biarane, sing endi kabeh anggota kaluwargane ing jaman saiki sandhangan serba ireng lan ngenangi memorine.&lt;ref name=&quot;patrick&quot;/&gt;

[[Kultus (praktik agami)|Kultus]] Beato Antonius disetujoni karo [[Paus Klemens XIII]] ing 22 Februari 1767.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendarop&quot;&gt;{{PDFlink|[http://www.australia.op.org/laity/manual/five1.pdf Blessed Anthony Neyrot, Priest and Martyr]|958&amp;nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]&lt;!-- application/pdf, 981977 bytes --&gt;}}, ''[http://www.australia.op.org/laity/manual/ Manual of the Dominican Laity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930020717/http://www.australia.op.org/laity/manual/ |date=2007-09-30 }}''. Province of the Assumption, pp26-27. Retrieved on 23 February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neyrot, Antonius}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh saka Rivoli, Piedmont|N]]

[[Kategori:Lair 1425]]
[[Kategori:Pati 1460]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eparki Newton</title>
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      <text bytes="3640" sha1="f1thrp5m1dnwbmythip0uq2vyxt454f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction      = Eparki&lt;!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --&gt;
| name              = Newton (Grikenlan Melkit)
| latin             = Eparchia Neotoniensis Graecorum Melkitarum
| local             = &lt;!-- Name in the native language --&gt; 
| image             = Coat of arms of the Eparchy of Newton.svg
| image_size        = 150px
| image_alt         = 
| caption           = Lambang Eparki Newton
&lt;!---- Locations ----&gt;
| country           = Amerika Sarekat
| metropolitan      = 
| territory         = 
| province          = Gumantung marang Tahta Suci
| coordinates       = &lt;!-- Use {{coord}} --&gt; 
&lt;!---- Statistics ----&gt;
| area_km2          = &lt;!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --&gt; 
| population        = 
| population_as_of  = 2013
| catholics         = 24,000&lt;!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --&gt;
| catholics_percent = 
| parishes          = 43
| churches          = &lt;!-- Number of churches in the diocese --&gt;
| congregations     = &lt;!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --&gt;
| schools           = &lt;!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --&gt;
| members           = &lt;!-- Number of members in the diocese --&gt;
&lt;!---- Information ----&gt;
| denomination      = [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Melkit]]
| rite              = [[Ritus Bizantium]]
| established       = 10 Januari 1966 ({{age|1966|1|10}} taun kepungkur)
| cathedral         = [[Annunciation Melkite Catholic Cathedral (West Roxbury, Massachusetts)|Annunciation Cathedral]]
| cocathedral       = 
| patron            = 
| priests           = 68&lt;!-- Number of priests in the diocese --&gt;
&lt;!---- Current leadership ----&gt;
| pope              = {{Incumbent pope}}
| patriarch         = [[Youssef Absi]]
| bishop_title      = Epark
| bishop            = [[Nikolas Samra|Nikolas Yakobus Samra]]
| coadjutor         = 
| auxiliary_bishops = 
| vicar_general     = 
| emeritus_bishops  = [[John Elya]]
&lt;!---- Map ----&gt;
| map               = 
| map_alt           = 
| map_caption       = 
&lt;!---- Website ----&gt;
| website           = [http://www.melkite.org/ www.melkite.org]
| footnotes         = 
}}
'''Eparki Newton''' (Latin: '''Eparchia Neotoniensis Graecorum Melkitarum''') yaiku [[eparki]] [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Melkit]], [[greja Katulik Wetan]] ing persekutuan karo [[Tahta Suci]] lan menika bagean saka [[Greja Katulik]] ing kabeh donya. Eparki kasebut ngeliputi kabeh [[Amerika Serikat]].

== Cathetan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala jaba ==
* {{Official website|http://www.melkite.org/}}
* [http://www.melkitecathedral.org/ Annunciation Melkite Catholic Cathedral] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327084700/http://www.melkitecathedral.org/ |date=2022-03-27 }}
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dneme.html Catholic-Hierarchy entry on the Eparchy of Newton]
* [http://www.pgc-lb.org/fre/melkite_greek_catholic_church/Eparchy-of-Newton-United-States-of-America Official site of the Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch]
* [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19660110_exarchatus-apostolicus_lt.html 1966 document founding the Exarchate]
* [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2069%20%5B1977%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/newt0.htm Description of the eparchy in gcatholic.org]
* [http://www.steliasmelkite.org/music/ Sample of Melkite Chant in English, Arabic, and Greek]

{{Coord|42|17|51.03|N|71|08|03.7|W|display=title}}

{{kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}}

[[Kategori:Eparki Katulik Grikenlan Melkit]]
[[Kategori:Kabiskopan Katulik Wétan ing Amérika Sarékat|Newton]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wayang bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya</title>
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{{artikel ing krama}}
'''Wayang bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya''' inggih punika [[wayang bèbèr|ringgit bèbèr]] ingkang nglakonaken lakon Kyai Remeng utawi Remeng Mangunjaya. Ringgit punika sampun wonten wiwit jamanipun [[Pakubuwana II]] ingkang ngewrat [[carita Panji|cariyos-cariyos Panji]]. Sapréné, ringgit bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya ingkang asli sinimpen ing Dhusun Gelaran, [[Bèjiharja, Karangmaja, Gunungkidul|Désa Bèjiharja]], [[Karangmaja, Gunungkidul|Kacamatan Karangmaja]], [[Kabupatèn Gunungkidul]].{{sfn|Ahmadi|2020|p=53}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&amp;detailTetap=694|title=Wayang Beber Remeng Mangunjoyo|website=Warisan Budaya Takbenda|access-date=15 Fèbruari 2023|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326175147/https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&amp;detailTetap=694|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajarah ==
Ringgit bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya karéka ing warsa 1735 nalika jaman papréntahan [[Pakubuwana II]] ing [[Kartasura]], [[Kasunanan Surakarta]]. Nalika wonten kadadosan [[Gègèr Pacinan]] ing warsa 1740-an, ringgit punika dipun pindhahaken dhumateng Gunungkidul, Ngayogyakarta tuwin Karangtalun, Pacitan. Sapréné, ringgit bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya ingkang asli dipun kagungi kulawarga Ki Sapar Kramasentana (putu Ki Gunakarya) saking Dhusun Gelaran, Désa Bèjiharja, Kacamatan Karangmaja, Kabupatèn Gunungkidul.{{sfn|Widharta|2020|pp=58-59}}{{sfn|Sunarto|2012|p=249}}{{sfn|Subandi|2011|pp=4-5}} Wondéné [[Mangkunegara VII]] naté tumbas ringgitipun, nanging ingkang nggadhahi boten kersa nyéda ringgitipun. Pramila, Mangkunegara VII ndhawuhi abdinipun nyalin ringgit bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya nalika 1941.{{sfn|Ahmadi|2020|p=57}} Ringgit bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya nggadhahi wolung gulungan ingkang kapérang dados sekawan babak tur dumados saking 16 adegan. Separo gulungan wonten lakonipun Remeng Mangunjaya, kalih gulungan wonten lakonipun [[Jaka Tarub]], sisanipun boten kasumerepi isi cariyosipun.{{sfn|Widharta|2020|p=56}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jogjaprov.go.id/berita/omah-wayang-diresmikan-pakem-terjaga-kreativitas-dan-ruang-dialog-makin-terbuka|title=Omah Wayang Diresmikan: Pakem Terjaga, Kreativitas dan Ruang Dialog Makin Terbuka|last=Mahany|first=Andry Trisandy|date=22 Agustus 2022|website=Portal Berita Pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|language=en|access-date=15 Fèbruari 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ringgit ingkang sampun kalebet dangu punika nalika dipun bèbèr kedah ngati-ati. Dhalang ingkang kapéngin nggelar ringgit bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya, piyambakipun kedah ngawontenaken upacara ngginakaken [[sesajèn|sajèn]] kaliyan ubarampé among-among.{{sfn|Ahmadi|2021|p=381}}

== Isi cariyos ==
Cariyos ing ringgit punika landhesanipun saking [[carita Panji|cariyos Panji]].{{sfn|Subandi|2011|pp=4-5}} Radèn Panji Asmarabangun saking [[Karajan Jenggala]] caturan kaliyan garwanipun–Dèwi Galuh Candra Kirana–ngenani sapinten tresnaning Candra Kirana dhumateng piyambakipun. Candra Kirana mangsuli mawi suraos pepindhan (''perumpamaan'') lamun tresnanipun kados ta kuku driji ingkang tansah tuwuh sinaosa dipun kethok makaping-kaping. Mireng wangsulanipun Candra Kirana ingkang kebak suraos ingkang luhung, njalari Panji kapéngin madosi ngèlmu luhung kados garwanipun, nanging piyambakipun boten pamit anggènipun késah.{{sfn|Ahmadi|2020|pp=57-58}}

Candra Kirana ingkang dados randha lajeng wangsul dhumateng ramanipun, ratu saking [[Karajan Pangjalu|Karajan Kadhiri]]. Bab punika dipun rembag déning Prabu Klana Séwandana saking Karajan Bantarangin kaliyan Patih Gajah Gurita, Resi Puyangaking, saha punggawanipun ing pasamuwan ageng. Ratu saking Kadhiri kapéngin madosi garwa énggal tumrap putrinipun, pramila panjenenganipun ngadani sayembara lumampah ing tali penjalin ing Seminang. Prabu Klana Séwandana kapéngin tumut sayembara punika, nanging wonten raos sumelang manawi Panji ugi tumut ing sayembaranipun. Salajengipun, Prabu Klana Séwandana mréntah Resi Puyangaking matèni Panji.{{sfn|Ahmadi|2020|pp=57-58}}

Sasampunipun Panji rumaos cekap anggènipun [[tapa]] madosi ngèlmu, piyambakipun nggantos naminipun dados Remeng Mangunjaya. Tumuli Panji dipun tekani Bathara Naradha{{sfn|Widharta|2020|p=57}}–déwa saking Kahyangan–ingkang ngendika manawi wonten [[sayembara]] saking ratu Kadhiri ngenani pamadosan garwa énggal tumrap Candra Kirana. Panji tindak dhumateng Seminang saperlu mimpangaken sayembaranipun tur mimpangaken panggalihing Candra Kirana. Wohing sayembara punika dipun mimpangaken déning Panji, nanging njalari Prabu Klana Séwandana kuciwa.{{sfn|Ahmadi|2020|pp=57-58}} Panji dipun èngetaken Dèwi Kilisuci manawi Klana Séwandana taksih ngincer piyambakipun.{{sfn|Widharta|2020|p=57}}

Prabu Klana Séwandana lajeng nyerang Kadhiri. Resi Puyangaking kaliyan Patih Gajah Gurita ugi tumut nyerang Kadhiri mawi ajian Wéwé Putih (bangsaning dhedhemit). Ananging, katiganipun kalah saking Panji Asmarabangun, Ratu Kadhiri, kaliyan wadyabalanipun. Namung Prabu Klana Séwandana kémawon ingkang slamet lajeng mundur dhumateng Bantarangin, wondéné Gajah Gurita séda ing paperangan punika. Ing pungkasanipun, Panji Asmarabangun kaliyan Dèwi Galuh Candra Kirana kondur bali dhumateng Jenggala.{{sfn|Ahmadi|2020|pp=57-58}}

== Paraga ==
* [[Panji (radèn)|Radèn Panji Asmarabangun]], minangka paraga protagonis mawi nami sanès Remeng Mangunjaya
* Dèwi Galuh Candra Kirana, minangka paraga protagonis kaliyan garwanipun Panji Asmarabangun
* Prabu Klana Séwandana, minangka paraga antagonis utami
* Resi Puyangaking, minangka paraga panjurung antagonis
* Patih Gajah Gurita, minangka paraga panjurung antagonis
* Bathara Naradha, minangka paraga tritagonis
* Ragil Kuning, minangka paraga panjurung kaliyan rayinipun Dèwi Galuh Candra Kirana
* Dèwi Kilisuci, minangka paraga tritagonis{{sfn|Widharta|2020|p=59-60}}

== Rujukan ==
=== Cathetan suku ===
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Kapustakan ===
* {{Cite journal|last=Widharta|first=Elyandra|date=Oktober 2020|title=Semiotika Lakon Wayang Beber Remeng Mangunjaya|url=https://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/TNL/article/view/4354|journal=Tonil|language=|volume=17|issue=2|pages=|doi=10.24821/tnl.v17i2.4354|issn=2685-8274}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://repository.isi-ska.ac.id/3541/|title=Wayang beber Remeng Mangunjaya gelaran Wonosari dan wayang beber Jaka Kembang Kuning Karangtalun Pacitan serta persebarannya di seputar Surakarta|last=Subandi|first=|date=2011|isbn=978-602-8755-63-4|edition=1|location=Surakarta|publisher=ISI Press Solo|oclc=|access-date=2023-02-15|archive-date=2023-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215050037/http://repository.isi-ska.ac.id/3541/|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Ahmadi|first=Yusuf|last2=Pamadhi|first2=Hadjar|last3=Kasiyan|first3=Kasiyan|date=Maret 2021|title=The Sacrality of Wayang Beber Remeng Mangunjaya: Roland Barthes’s Semiotics Study|url=https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KnE-Social/article/view/8560|journal=KnE Social Sciences|language=|pages=|doi=10.18502/kss.v5i3.8560|issn=2518-668X}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Ahmadi|first=Yusuf|date=Mèi 2020|title=Wayang Beber Remeng Mangunjaya di Gelaran, Gunungkidul dalam Kajian Hermeneutika|url=https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/imaji/article/view/31644|journal=Imaji|language=|volume=18|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.21831/imaji.v18i1.31644|issn=2580-0175}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sunarto|first=|date=Sèptèmber 2012|title=Panakawan Wayang Kulit Purwa: Asal-usul dan Konsep Perwujudannya|url=https://jurnal.isbi.ac.id/index.php/panggung/article/download/74/74|journal=Panggung|language=|volume=22|issue=3|pages=|doi=|issn=}}

== Pranala njawi ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS-bWcLA-7w Pagelaran wayang bèbèr Remeng Mangunjaya] ing YouTube

[[Kategori:Wayang]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Kabupatèn Gunungkidul]]
[[Kategori:WikiPusaka]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Taman Alas Jayabaya</title>
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      <text bytes="8374" sha1="quj8weyga0frnj9tkh84hhye8wdyeh8" xml:space="preserve">'''Taman Alas Jayabaya''' yaiku salah sawijining taman wisata lan kagolong RTH utawa ''Ruang Terbuka Hijau'' kang ana ing Kutha Kadhiri. Taman kang ambané 2,6 héktar iki mapan tepak ing tengah-tengahing kutha, ing Kalurahan Banjaran, Kacamatan Kota, Kutha Kadhiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://radarkediri.jawapos.com/features/781298112/menikmati-keindahan-taman-joyoboyo-kota-kediri|title=Menikmati Keindahan Taman Joyoboyo Kota Kediri|last=Basalamah|first=Anwar Bahar|date=2023-03-20|website=Radar Kediri|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Taman iki uga salah siji saka 6 taman gedhé kang mapan ing Kutha Kadhiri saliyané taman-taman liyané kayata, Taman Sekartaji, Taman Ngrangga, Taman Brantas, Taman Tempureja, lan Memorial Park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.times.co.id/news/berita/mjio60pdng/Taman-Taman-di-Kota-Kediri-Kembali-Dibuka-Sampai-Malam|title=Taman-Taman di Kota Kediri Kembali Dibuka Sampai Malam|date=2022-09-18|website=Times Jabar|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Latar wuri ==
Pamaréntah Kutha Kadhiri duwèni kekarepan kanggo ndadèkaké alas kutha iki minangka paru-paru kutha lan papan kanggo nguri-uri alas,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ditambah anané tuntutan kanggo nambah RTH umum Kutha Kadhiri kang nalika 2017 kaé isih 8 persèn, padahal ana targèt 20% RTH ing Kutha Kadhiri ing taun 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@yusronofficial/hutan-kota-joyoboyo-87e814700dae|title=Hutan Kota Joyoboyo|first=Yusron|date=2017-11-23|website=Mediun|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Taman Alas Jayabaya iki dirévitalisasi ing jamané Walikutha Abdullah Abubakar wiwit taun 2017 lan migunakaké dana APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah) Kutha Kadhiri. Pamaréntah wus wènèh anggaran dana gedhéné 6,6 milyar kanggo yeyasan ing periodé sapisan ing taun 2017, déné ing taun 2018 utawa ing periodé kapindho ana 3,25 milyar dana kang dikucuraké, ana manèh dana DAK (Dana Alokasi Khusus) kang tumeka 750 yuta kanggo pancahyaning taman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kedirikota.go.id/p/dalamberita/4354/wisata-hutan-joyoboyo-kediri-semakin-diminati|title=Wisata Hutan Joyoboyo Kediri semakin Diminati|date=2019-11-19|website=Pemerintah Kota Kediri|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-4383251/cantiknya-wajah-baru-hutan-joyoboyo-kediri-dengan-skybridge|title=Cantiknya Wajah Baru Hutan Joyoboyo Kediri dengan 'Skybridge'|last=Dwi|first=Andhika|date=2019-01-14|website=Detik News|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ing periodé kapindho iki yasan ''Play Ground'', Taman Edukasi, Bangunan Pengomposan, treteg, lan muwuhi kembang uga wit-witan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/bangsaonline/tambah-wahana-taman-hutan-joyoboyo-kota-kediri-akan-ditutup-sementara-1535036518308575061/full|title=Tambah Wahana, Taman Hutan Joyoboyo Kota Kediri akan Ditutup Sementara|last=Online|first=Bangsa|date=2018-08-23|website=Kumparan|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Jinising wit-witan ==
Taman Alas Jayabaya iki uga sinebut taman gedhé ing Kutha Kadhiri kang paling akèh duwèni jinis-jinising tanduran tinimbang taman-taman gedhé liyané, kayata, Taman Sekartaji, Taman Ngrangga, Taman Brantas, Taman Tempureja, lan Memorial Park. Ana 14 jinis tanduran kang ana ing papan iki kayata, pelem (Mangifera indica), sirsak (Annona muricata), palem raja (Roystonea regia), nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), trembesi (Albiza saman), flamboyan (Delonix regia), sana (Pterocarpus indicus), kembang kupu-kupu (Bauhina purpurea), kepuh (Sterculia foetida), waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), ringin (Ficus benjamina), jambu wèr (Syzygium aqueum), lan blimbing (Averrhoa carambola).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sulistiyowati|first=Tutut Indah|date=2019-04-08|title=Jenis-Jenis Pohon Peneduh di Taman Kota Kediri|url=https://ojs.unpkediri.ac.id/index.php/biologi/article/view/12895|journal=Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya|volume=6|pages=13-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagiyatan umum ==
Taman Alas Jayabaya iki saliyané minangka papan rékréasi kanggo masarakat, uga papan kang bisa dipigunakaké minangka kagiyatan-kagiyatan kang manpangati liyan-liyané, kayata kang naté dianakaké ing ngisor iki.

=== Kuwarasan ===
Ing Taman Alas Jayabaya naté dianakaké kagiyatan kuwarasan kayata Gerakan Pengendalian Kardiovaskuler dan Diabetes Melitus kang diéloni déning 200 wong saka anggota Klub Jantung Sehat Kutha Kadhiri. Kagiyatan iku diisi kanthi senam, édukasi kuwarasan, lan cèk kuwarasan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tabloidsuksesinasional.com/dinkes-kota-kediri-gelar-edukasi-kesehatan-di-taman-hutan-joyoboyo/|title=Dinkes Kota Kediri Gelar Edukasi Kesehatan di Taman Hutan Joyoboyo|date=2023-05-26|website=Suksesi Nasional|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609173710/https://tabloidsuksesinasional.com/dinkes-kota-kediri-gelar-edukasi-kesehatan-di-taman-hutan-joyoboyo/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngepit bebarengan ===
Ing papan iki uga rutin dianakaké kagiyatan ngepit rutin kang diselenggarakaké déning PT. Gudang Garam, kagiyatan iki minangka kagiyatan kang duwèni niyat kanggo njaga kuwarasan, njaga paseduluraning karyawan siji lan liyané, uga nambah semangat karyawan sajroning makarya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/332719/wisata-hutan-joyoboyo-kediri-semakin-diminati|title=Wisata Hutan Joyoboyo Kediri semakin Diminati|date=2019-11-18|website=Antara Jatim|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngeculaké dara ===
Isih padha kaselenggarakaké déning PT. Gudang Garam, kagiyatan ngeculaké dara iki minangka bentuk kabébasan alam lan nguri-uri ékosistem, ana kira-kira 50 manuk dara kang diculaké supaya bisa ngembang biak ana ing taman iki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Jumat Curhat ===
Acara iki minangka kagiyatan kang dianakaké déning Polres Kediri Kota, ing kagiyatan iki pulisi mènèhi papan lan wayah kanggo masarakat kang kepéngin ngaturaké aspirasi, crita, lan sesambatan ngenani masalah-masalah kang lagi diadhepi. Kanthi mengkono, dikarepaké pulisi bisa mbantu ngrampungaké masalah ing masarakat, ngundhakaké rasa gotong royong antara masarakat lan pulisi, uga ngundhakaké profesionalitas pulisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humas.polri.go.id/2023/08/05/jumat-curhat-polres-kediri-kota-bersama-ponpes-wali-barokah-di-taman-hutan-joyoboyo-kota-kediri/|title=Jum’at Curhat Polres Kediri Kota Bersama Ponpes Wali Barokah di Taman Hutan Joyoboyo Kota Kediri|last=Kediri|first=Polresta|date=2023-08-05|website=Humas Polri|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sarana lan wahana ==

=== Sarana ===
Sarana kang bisa dipigunakaké ing papan wisata iki kayata kakus umum, bangku umum, papan parkir, lan langgar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Wahana ===
Ana pirang-pirang wahana kang bisa dinikmati déning para wisatawan. Sapisan, ''Kids Playground'' papan iki papan kang paling cocog kanggo bocah-bocah cilik dolanan, ing komplèk wahana iki ana wahana-wahana kayata prasatan, bandhulan, lan sapinunggalané. Kapindo, ana ''Sky Bridge'', iki minangka wahana awujud treteg kang mujur saka kidul mangalor kanthi dawa watara 240 mèter. Katelu, ana ''Jogging Track'' utawa dalanan kanggo mlayu-mlayu, dalanan iki mubengi taman kanthi bentuk kang menggak-ménggok sapinggiring wit-witan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/hutan-joyoboyo/|title=Hutan Joyoboyo, Pelepas Penat Di Tengah Kota Kediri|last=Sukmah|first=Fenti|date=2021-01-06|website=Native Indonesia|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wayah operasional lan karcis ==
Taman iki asliné bukak terus 24 jam, nanging disaranaké supaya teka antara tabuh 05.00 nganti 21.00. Ora ana karcis mlebu ing taman iki utawa gratis, karcis mung ing parkiré waé, Rp.2000,- kanggo pit montor lan Rp.3000,- tumeka Rp.5000,- kanggo mobil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.khoiri.com/2022/04/fasilitas-hutan-joyoboyo-kota-kediri.html|title=Fasilitas Hutan Joyoboyo Kota Kediri, Fungsi dan Tiket Masuknya|date=2022-04-01|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==

[[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]]
[[Kategori:WikiPlesir]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stadium glora bung tomo</title>
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Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo, sing ana ing Surabaya, yaiku salah siji stadion terbesar lan paling terkenal ing Indonesia. Stadion iki dijenengi kanggo menghormati pahlawan nasional Indonesia, Bung Tomo, lan wis dadi titik fokus utama kanggo kegiatan olahraga lan hiburan ing kota iki. Ayo kita ajakake marang kemegahan lan popularitas Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo sing nggawe stadion iki minangka ikon Surabaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lapispahlawan.co.id/article/detail/mengenal-stadion-gelora-bung-tomo-markas-persebaya-kebanggaan-warga-surabaya|title=Mengenal Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo|website=https://lapispahlawan.co.id|language=en|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lokasi ==
Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo adalah salah satu stadion terkenal di Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Stadion ini terletak di Jl. A. Yani No. 70-100, yang merupakan jalan besar dan mudah ditemukan di kota Surabaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lokasitempat.com/alamat/gelora-bung-tomo-stadium-gbt|title=Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium (gbt) Stadion Jawa Timur - Lokasitempat.com|website=lokasitempat.com|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sejarah ==
Sejarah Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo dimulai ing taun 1951 nalika stadion iki banjur dhuwur diwangsul minangka stadion sing bisa mbangun Surabaya. Ing waktu iku, stadion iki dikenal ing jeneng Stadion Sepak Bola Surabaya lan cuma duwe kapasitas 15.000 penonton.

Ing taun 1976, stadion iki ngalami renovasi lan kapasitasé diwenehi peningkatan dadi 30.000 penonton. Selain iku, stadion iki uga mlakué perubahan jeneng banjur diwongku saka jenenge Stadion Kebung Tomo sing dianggo saka jeneng salah siji pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia, Bung Tomo.

Ing taun 2000, stadion iki ngalami renovasi gedhé lan ing taun 2001, stadion iki resmi nganti jenengé dadi Gelora Bung Tomo minangka tanda penghormatan marang Bung Tomo. Sekarang, stadion iki wis dadi salah siji stadion paling apik ing Indonesia lan dadi markas saka tim sepak bola Persebaya Surabaya.

Saat iki, Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo wis ngalami sejumlah renovasi cilik kanggo ngleksanakaké sawetara fasilitas lan nggawé pangapuran lan kesihan stadion. Selain iku, stadion iki uga sering digunakake kanggo acara-acara liyane kaya konser musik lan pameran otomotif. Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo, sing sering disebut GBK, yaiku salah siji stadion paling ikonik lan terkenal ing Indonesia. Nama stadion iki diambil saka salah siji pahlawan nasional Indonesia, Bung Tomo, sing dikenal amarga peran pentingé ing perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia, khususé nalika peristiwa pertempuran Surabaya ing taun 1945. Stadion iki yaiku wujudé penghormatan marang keberanian lan semangaté Bung Tomo ing nguwehi rakyat Surabaya ing perlawanan kanggo nglawan penjajah Belanda.

GBK dibangun pertama kali ing taun 1951 minangka Stadion Sepak Bola Surabaya. Ing waktu iku, stadion iki cuma duwe kapasitas kurang lewih 15.000 penonton. Akan tetapi, ing taun 1976, stadion iki ngalami renovasi gedhé, lan kapasitasé ditingkatke kurang lewih 30.000 penonton. Selain iku, stadion iki ganti jenenge dadi Stadion Kebung Tomo kanggo menghormati Bung Tomo.

Ing taun 2000, GBK ngalami renovasi gedhé banget. Ing taun 2001, stadion iki sah resmi ngganti jenengé dadi Gelora Bung Tomo minangka bentuk penghormatan lan pengakuan marang peran gedhé Bung Tomo ing sejarah Indonesia. Kanthi perubahan iki, GBK dadi salah siji stadion terbaik ing Indonesia lan dadi markas akbar kanggo tim sepak bola Persebaya Surabaya.

GBK uga wis dadi tuan rumah kanggo acara-acara gedhé, kalebu pertandingan olahraga internasional, konser musik, lan acara hiburan liyane. Sawetara kala renovasi gedhé ing taun 2000, fasilitas stadion wis ditingkatke, kalebu lapangan latihan, ruang kontrol, kamera pengawas, ruang kesehatan, kamar ganti pemain, ruang konferensi pers, ruang koordinasi pertandingan, akses disabilitas, lan lift.

GBK wis dadi simbol kebanggaan Surabaya lan Indonesia ing nggayuh sejarah, olahraga, lan budaya. Stadion iki yaiku tempat sing nginspirasi lan ngenalake kita tentang semangat perjuangan lan patriotisme Bung Tomo lan nilai-nilai kemerdekaan sing kita tresnani minangka bangsa Indonesia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.stadion.id/stadion-gelora-bung-tomo|title=Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo: Keindahan Sepak Bola di Surabaya|last=administrator|date=2023-04-12|website=STADION|language=id|access-date=2023-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harga Tiket ==
Harga tiket masuk menyang Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo saiki bisa beda-beda, tergantung jenis acara utawa kegiatan sing lagi kepengin ing stadion iku. Harga tiket bisa beda kanggo pertandingan sepak bola, konser musik, utawa acara liyane. Kanggo nampaake informasi dètan harga tiket sing paling anyar lan detilé, apik banget yen sampeyan kontak panitia acara utawa njaluk ing situs web resmi stadion utawa panitia acara sing nyelenggaraké. Harga tiket uga bisa berubah saben kali ana acara anyar, jadi mesthi manjingakake informasi paling anyar sadurung sampeyan nggawe rencana ngunjungi Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bola.com/indonesia/read/5303335/berapa-harga-dan-kapan-tiket-timnas-indonesia-vs-palestina-di-gelora-bung-tomo-dirilis|title=Berapa Harga dan Kapan Tiket Timnas Indonesia Vs Palestina di Gelora Bung Tomo Dirilis?|last=Bola.com|date=2023-05-31|website=bola.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fasilitas ==
Fasilitas sing nyedia ing stadion misuwur:

- Lapangan latihan A, B, lan C

- Ruang kontrol (VOC)

- 126 kamera pengawas CCTV

- Ruang Kesehatan

- Kamar Ganti pemain kanthi Jacuzzi kanggo pemain

- Ruang konferensi pers

- Ruang koordinasi pertandingan

- Akses disabilitas lan lift&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2023/09/23/profil-stadion-gelora-bung-tomo-venue-piala-dunia-u-17-2023|title=Profil Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo Venue Piala Dunia U-17 2023|website=Surya.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==</text>
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      <comment>Kaca anyar: &lt;center&gt; {{Center}} &lt;/center&gt;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Lagu Oblast Sakhalin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Kaca anyar: {{Center|&lt;b&gt; Lagu Kebangsaan Oblast Sakhalin &lt;/b&gt; [[File:National Anthem of Sakhalin Oblast.ogg|Sakhalin Oblast Anthem]] &lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg|Flag of Sakhalin oblast.|25 px]] &lt;b&gt;[[Oblast Sakhalin]]&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt; Dening/Dinyanyikan: Sumishevskii Iaroslav}}  == Lirik == {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; !Basa Ruslan !Latin !Basa Inggris |- |1 куплет Где рассвет над страной полон жизненной силы, Где в объятиях стихии ж...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4900" sha1="14pfq47v6qd0o2j2p7avjejiphjux4z" xml:space="preserve">{{Center|&lt;b&gt; Lagu Kebangsaan Oblast Sakhalin &lt;/b&gt;
[[File:National Anthem of Sakhalin Oblast.ogg|Sakhalin Oblast Anthem]]
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg|Flag of Sakhalin oblast.|25 px]] &lt;b&gt;[[Oblast Sakhalin]]&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;br&gt; Dening/Dinyanyikan: Sumishevskii Iaroslav}}

== Lirik ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Basa Ruslan
!Latin
!Basa Inggris
|-
|1 куплет Где рассвет над страной полон жизненной силы, Где в объятиях стихии живёт человек, Выступают грядой Сахалин и Курилы. Время новых свершений берёт свой разбег. Островная земля, реки, сопки, долины. Вся от края до края щедра и добра. Дарит недра она и морские глубины. Мы поём этот гимн в вашу честь, острова. Припев: Этот гимн океанским нахлынет приливом. Пусть услышат его и вблизи и вдали. Сахалин, отделённый Татарским проливом, Ты - начало Великой российской земли. 2 куплет Здесь в едином строю и моряк и учитель. Всех достойных призваний и знаний не счесть. Держат вахту свою и шахтер и строитель. Этот гимн, острова, мы поём в вашу честь. Вашим будням хвала, вашим подвигам - слава! Дух могучий с Отчизной во век не делим! Этот гимн острова вам поёт вся держава. Вы пред Богом едины, под флагом одним! Припев: Этот гимн океанским нахлынет приливом. Пусть услышат его и вблизи и вдали. Сахалин, отделённый Татарским проливом, Ты - начало Великой российской земли. Этот гимн океанским нахлынет приливом. Пусть услышат его и вблизи и вдали. Сахалин, отделённый Татарским проливом, Ты - начало Великой российской земли.
|1 kuplet Gde rassvet nad stranoi polon zhiznennoi sily, Gde v obieiatiiakh stikhii zhivet chelovek, Vystupaiut griadoi Sakhalin i Kurily. Vremia novykh svershenii beret svoi razbeg. Ostrovnaia zemlia, reki, sopki, doliny. Vsia ot kraia do kraia shchedra i dobra. Darit nedra ona i morskie glubiny. My poem etot gimn v vashu chest-, ostrova. Pripev: Etot gimn okeanskim nakhlynet prilivom. Pust- uslyshat ego i vblizi i vdali. Sakhalin, otdelennyi Tatarskim prolivom, Ty - nachalo Velikoi rossiiskoi zemli. 2 kuplet Zdes- v edinom stroiu i moriak i uchitel-. Vsekh dostoinykh prizvanii i znanii ne schest-. Derzhat vakhtu svoiu i shakhter i stroitel-. Etot gimn, ostrova, my poem v vashu chest-. Vashim budniam khvala, vashim podvigam - slava! Dukh moguchii s Otchiznoi vo vek ne delim! Etot gimn ostrova vam poet vsia derzhava. Vy pred Bogom ediny, pod flagom odnim! Pripev: Etot gimn okeanskim nakhlynet prilivom. Pust- uslyshat ego i vblizi i vdali. Sakhalin, otdelennyi Tatarskim prolivom, Ty - nachalo Velikoi rossiiskoi zemli. Etot gimn okeanskim nakhlynet prilivom. Pust- uslyshat ego i vblizi i vdali. Sakhalin, otdelennyi Tatarskim prolivom, Ty - nachalo Velikoi rossiiskoi zemli.
|Verse 1
Where the dawn over the country is full of vitality,

Where a man lives in the arms of the elements,

Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands stand in a ridge.

The time of new achievements takes its run.

The island land, rivers, hills, valleys.

All from edge to edge is generous and kind.

It gives its bowels and sea depths.

We sing this hymn in your honor, islands.

Chorus:

This hymn will wash over like an ocean tide.

Let them hear it both near and far.

Sakhalin, separated by the Tatar Strait,

You are the beginning of the Great Russian land.

Verse 2

Here in a single line are both a sailor and a teacher.

All worthy callings and knowledge are countless.

The miner and the builder keep their watch.

We sing this hymn, islands, in your honor.

Praise to your everyday life, glory to your exploits!

Mighty spirit with the Fatherland we will never share!

The whole state sings this island anthem to you.

You are one before God, under one flag!

Chorus:

This anthem will wash over you like an ocean tide.

Let them hear it both near and far.

Sakhalin, separated by the Tatar Strait,

You are the beginning of the Great Russian land.

This anthem will wash over you like an ocean tide.

Let them hear it both near and far.

Sakhalin, separated by the Tatar Strait,

You are the beginning of the Great Russian land.
|}</text>
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      <text bytes="5021" sha1="4xmi0ywhelgyarjebuo6ug5qinjfirp" xml:space="preserve">{{Center|&lt;b&gt; Lagu Kebangsaan Oblast Sakhalin &lt;/b&gt;
[[File:National Anthem of Sakhalin Oblast.ogg|Sakhalin Oblast Anthem]]
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg|Flag of Sakhalin oblast.|25 px]] &lt;b&gt;[[Oblast Sakhalin]]&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;br&gt; Dening/Dinyanyikan: Sumishevskii Iaroslav}}

== Lirik ==
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!Basa Ruslan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://youtube/EsegNjTma5E?si=BoPn1h7gVYAvIbNs|title=Youtube}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Latin
!Basa Inggris
|-
|1 куплет Где рассвет над страной полон жизненной силы, Где в объятиях стихии живёт человек, Выступают грядой Сахалин и Курилы. Время новых свершений берёт свой разбег. Островная земля, реки, сопки, долины. Вся от края до края щедра и добра. Дарит недра она и морские глубины. Мы поём этот гимн в вашу честь, острова. Припев: Этот гимн океанским нахлынет приливом. Пусть услышат его и вблизи и вдали. Сахалин, отделённый Татарским проливом, Ты - начало Великой российской земли. 2 куплет Здесь в едином строю и моряк и учитель. Всех достойных призваний и знаний не счесть. Держат вахту свою и шахтер и строитель. Этот гимн, острова, мы поём в вашу честь. Вашим будням хвала, вашим подвигам - слава! Дух могучий с Отчизной во век не делим! Этот гимн острова вам поёт вся держава. Вы пред Богом едины, под флагом одним! Припев: Этот гимн океанским нахлынет приливом. Пусть услышат его и вблизи и вдали. Сахалин, отделённый Татарским проливом, Ты - начало Великой российской земли. Этот гимн океанским нахлынет приливом. Пусть услышат его и вблизи и вдали. Сахалин, отделённый Татарским проливом, Ты - начало Великой российской земли.
|1 kuplet Gde rassvet nad stranoi polon zhiznennoi sily, Gde v obieiatiiakh stikhii zhivet chelovek, Vystupaiut griadoi Sakhalin i Kurily. Vremia novykh svershenii beret svoi razbeg. Ostrovnaia zemlia, reki, sopki, doliny. Vsia ot kraia do kraia shchedra i dobra. Darit nedra ona i morskie glubiny. My poem etot gimn v vashu chest-, ostrova. Pripev: Etot gimn okeanskim nakhlynet prilivom. Pust- uslyshat ego i vblizi i vdali. Sakhalin, otdelennyi Tatarskim prolivom, Ty - nachalo Velikoi rossiiskoi zemli. 2 kuplet Zdes- v edinom stroiu i moriak i uchitel-. Vsekh dostoinykh prizvanii i znanii ne schest-. Derzhat vakhtu svoiu i shakhter i stroitel-. Etot gimn, ostrova, my poem v vashu chest-. Vashim budniam khvala, vashim podvigam - slava! Dukh moguchii s Otchiznoi vo vek ne delim! Etot gimn ostrova vam poet vsia derzhava. Vy pred Bogom ediny, pod flagom odnim! Pripev: Etot gimn okeanskim nakhlynet prilivom. Pust- uslyshat ego i vblizi i vdali. Sakhalin, otdelennyi Tatarskim prolivom, Ty - nachalo Velikoi rossiiskoi zemli. Etot gimn okeanskim nakhlynet prilivom. Pust- uslyshat ego i vblizi i vdali. Sakhalin, otdelennyi Tatarskim prolivom, Ty - nachalo Velikoi rossiiskoi zemli.
|Verse 1
Where the dawn over the country is full of vitality,

Where a man lives in the arms of the elements,

Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands stand in a ridge.

The time of new achievements takes its run.

The island land, rivers, hills, valleys.

All from edge to edge is generous and kind.

It gives its bowels and sea depths.

We sing this hymn in your honor, islands.

Chorus:

This hymn will wash over like an ocean tide.

Let them hear it both near and far.

Sakhalin, separated by the Tatar Strait,

You are the beginning of the Great Russian land.

Verse 2

Here in a single line are both a sailor and a teacher.

All worthy callings and knowledge are countless.

The miner and the builder keep their watch.

We sing this hymn, islands, in your honor.

Praise to your everyday life, glory to your exploits!

Mighty spirit with the Fatherland we will never share!

The whole state sings this island anthem to you.

You are one before God, under one flag!

Chorus:

This anthem will wash over you like an ocean tide.

Let them hear it both near and far.

Sakhalin, separated by the Tatar Strait,

You are the beginning of the Great Russian land.

This anthem will wash over you like an ocean tide.

Let them hear it both near and far.

Sakhalin, separated by the Tatar Strait,

You are the beginning of the Great Russian land.
|}

== Referensi ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Naraguna:TheGuardian3</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-24T09:12:53Z</timestamp>
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        <id>67532</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kaca anyar: {{infobox person |name = Robinson Malau  |image =  |caption = Robinson Malau |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|4|28}} |birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] |birthname = Robinson Malau  |othername = |years_active =  |occupation = [[Pengusaha]] |nationality = [[Indonesia]] |parents = [[Laupase Malau]] (bapa)&lt;br&gt;[[Baby Margaretha]](ibu) }}  '''Robinson Malau''' ({{kelahirankematian}}[[Jakarta]]|28|4|1993}}) ialah seorang pengusaha asal dari Indonesia.</comment>
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|name = Robinson Malau 
|image = 
|caption = Robinson Malau
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|4|28}}
|birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|birthname = Robinson Malau 
|othername =
|years_active = 
|occupation = [[Pengusaha]]
|nationality = [[Indonesia]]
|parents = [[Laupase Malau]] (bapa)&lt;br&gt;[[Baby Margaretha]](ibu)
}}

'''Robinson Malau''' ({{kelahirankematian}}[[Jakarta]]|28|4|1993}}) ialah seorang pengusaha asal dari Indonesia.</text>
      <sha1>6cw7dgo6jue75qlgmn1y49lz6q8rlb5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1731088</id>
      <parentid>1731079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T10:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheGuardian3</username>
        <id>67532</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngothongaké kaca</comment>
      <origin>1731088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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